THE AMERICAN 
ILLUSTRATED 
MEDICAL DICTIONARY 
A NEW AND COMPLETE DICTIONARY OF 
THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE, SURGERY, 
DENTISTRY, PHARMACY, CHEMISTRY, NURS- 
ING, VETERINARY SCIENCE, BIOLOGY, MEDI- 
CAL BIOGRAPHY, ETC., WITH THE 
PRONUNCIATION, DERIVATION? AND DEFINITION 
5'1 
INCLUDING MUCH COLLATERAL INFORMATION 
OF AN ENCYCLOPEDIC CHARACTER /. /. .*. 
Y W. A.NEWMAN DORLAND, A. M., M. D., F. A.C.S. 
MAJOR, M. C., U. S. ARMY 
MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES OF THE 
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION; EDITOR OF ' AMERICAN POCKET MEDICAL DICTIONARY" 
TOGETHER WITH NEW AND ELABORATE TABLES OF ARTERIES, MUSCLES, NERVES, 
VEINS, ETC.; OF BACILLI, BACTERIA, DIPLOCOCCI, MICROCOCCI, STREPTOCOCCI, PTO- 
MAINS AND LEUKOMAINS, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, EPONYMIC TABLES OF DISEASES, 
»PERATIONS, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, STAINS, TESTS, METHODS OF TREATMENT, ETC. 
TWELFTH EDITIONy REVISED AND ENLARGED 
PHILAD^'HI^ LONDON 
W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY 
i924 u ; ' / Copyright, 1900, by W. B. Saunders and Company. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted June, 1901, Reprinted 
November, 1901, and July, 1902. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted July, 1903. Reprinted January, 
1904, October, 1904, August, 1905, and November, 1905. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted July, 
1906. Reprinted November, 1906, July, 1907, September, 1907, April, 1908, and September, 1908. 
Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted February, 1909. Reprinted January, 1910, and September, 
1910. Revised, entirely reset, printed, and copyrighted August, 1911. Reprinted January, 
1912. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted September, 1913. Reprinted January, 1914, 
and September, 1914. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted August, 1915. Re- 
printed July, 1916, and December, 1916. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted 
September, 1917. Reprinted March, 1918, September, 1918, and February, 
1919. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted August, 1919. Reprinted 
January, 1920, June, 1920, October, 1920, and January, 1921. Revised, 
reprinted, and recopyrighted August, 1921. Reprinted December, 
1921, and March, 1922. Revised, reprinted, and recopyrighted 
July, 1923 
Copyright, 1923, by W. B. Saunders Company 
Reprinted August, 1924 
MADE IN U. 8. A. 
PRE88 OF 
W. B. 8AUNDER8 COMPANY 
PHILADELPHIA PREFACE TO THE TWELFTH EDITION 
This edition of the Dictionary has been revised with painstaking care 
in all departments. Many of the definitions have been rewritten and addi- 
tions have been made to every page. As a result, the volume has been 
increased in size by 69 pages, an equivalent to over 3000 new words. These 
additions cover the whole field of medicine and the allied sciences. Special 
attention has been given to the terminology of dentistry in order that the 
needs of both student and practitioner might adequately be met. Several 
hundred new dental definitions have been added. 
The publishers were fortunate in securing the services of Dr. E. C. L. 
Miller for special work on this edition. Dr. Miller has checked every chemical 
word in the book, including all drugs and proprietary medicines, giving special 
attention to the accuracy of definitions and chemical formulae and to the 
completeness and inclusiveness of the vocabulary. He has also revised and 
added to the terminology of Bacteriology, Parasitology, Immunology, Public 
Health, and Genetics. In describing microorganisms the terminology recom- 
mended in the report of the Committee of Characteristics and Classification 
of the Society of American Bacteriologists has been adopted. The work of 
Dr. Miller is evident on every page. 
The publishers have spared neither labor nor expense to make this edition 
more than ever worthy of the splendid reception given to the Dictionary by 
the medical profession in all parts of the English-speaking world. 
11 PREFACE 
The aim of the author of this work has been to produce, in a volume of con- 
venient size, an up-to-date medical dictionary, sufficiently full for the varied 
requirements of all classes of medical men. Physicians and students have long 
felt the need of such a work. The book does not claim to be an encyclopedia: it 
is a dictionary, a concise and convenient word-book, aiming to furnish full defini- 
tions of the terms of medicine and kindred branches, and such collateral informa- 
tion as medical men generally would be likely to look for. The author has sought 
a middle course between the large, unwieldy lexicon and the abridged students' 
dictionary, avoiding the disadvantages of each. 
Special attention has been given to the wording of definitions, with the intention 
of making them clear, concise, and yet sufficiently complete. Under the more 
important headings a considerable amount of collateral descriptive matter has 
been included. For instance, under each drug are given its composition, sources, 
properties, uses, and dose; under the more important diseases, an account of their 
etiology, symptoms, etc.; under the principal organs, a description of their structure 
and function. 
Besides the ordinary dictionary matter, it has seemed desirable to include a 
large amount of information arranged in tabular form. In addition to the usual 
anatomic and clinical tables, there will be found specially prepared tables of Tests, 
Stains and Staining Methods, Methods of Treatment, etc., which, it is believed, 
will prove of distinct value. 
In the arrangement of matter, convenience of consultation has been sought. 
To this end all phrases consisting of a noun and its qualifying word have been 
defined under the principal noun: thus, Lateral Sclerosis will be found under 
Sclerosis; Basifacial Axis, under Axis; Bartholin's Duct, under Duct, etc. 
The important features of pronunciation and derivation have received the most 
careful attention. The system used for expressing the sounds is extremely simple, 
and yet it indicates with accuracy the exact pronunciation of the words. 
The illustrations of the book have been chosen for their practical value in aiding 
the text, rather than for their pictorial beauty, the intention being to show to the 
eye what could be only imperfectly described in words. 
A special effort has been made to produce a volume of attractive appearance and 
convenient size, such as a man would want to keep on his desk for constant refer- 
ence. By the use of a large page with a compact but clear typography it has been 
possible to furnish an unusually large amount of matter in a volume of handy 
size. INDEX TO THE TABLES 
INCLUDING IMPORTANT HEADINGS WHERE LARGE NUMBERS OF 
CORRELATED FACTS ARE GROUPED 
PAGE 
Abscesses 20 
Acids 26 
Alcohols 53 
Amputations (illustrated) 67 
Anesthesia 76 
Aneurysms 78 
Angles 81 
Arches 104 
Areas 106 
Arteries (illustrateI) 112 
Bacilli (illustrate •) 144 
Bacteria 154 
Bandages (illustrated) 159 
Baths 163 
Bodies 179 
Bruits 193 
Burs.e 196 
Calculi 201 
Canals 204 
Cartilages 215 
Casts (illustrateI) 218 
Catheters 220 
Cells (illust ated) 224 
Centers 230 
Columns 270 
Contractions 278 
Convolutions 279 
Corpuscles 284 
Cultures 297 
Currents 300 
Cysts 304 
Degenerations 314 
Dlameters (illustrate I). 3.8 
Diplococci 337 
Diseases 339 
Disks 344. 
Dislocations 344 
Ducts 351 
Elements, Chemic 367 
Exanthemata 403 
Fascia 413 
Fermentations 4! 7 
Fevers 419 
Fibers 422 
Fissures 427 
Fistula.... 428 
Fluids 43! 
Foramina 434 
Formulae 437 
F osse 439 
Fractures (illustrated) 442 
Ganglia 45! 
Glands 463 
Grafts 473 
Granules 474 
Gyri \ / / / 480 
Hemorrhages 497 
Hernias (illustrated) 501 
Incisions 54! 
Indexes 543 
Inflammation, Varieties of 546 
Insanity sso 
Isotopes 567 
Lamina 588 
Laws 593 
Layers 596 
Lenses 599 
Ligaments (illustrated) 606 
Lines. _ 613 
Lobes. 621 
Membranes . 649 
Micrococci 671 
PAGE 
Mixtures 678 
Murmurs 689 
Muscles (.illustrated') 690 
Nerves (illustrated) 727 
Nuclei 750 
Oils 758 
Operations 765 
Paralyses 802 
Pelves (illustrate I) 816 
Phenomena 836 
Phthisis 845 
Placentae (illustrated) 852 
Planes 854 
Plates 856 
Plexuses 860 
Points 867 
Poisons 868 
Positions (illustrated) 881 
Pregnancy (illustrated).......................... 888 
Processes 892 
Ptomains and Leukomains 910 
Pulses 913 
Radioactive Substances 927 
Rales 929 
Rays 931 
Reactions 932 
Reagents 936 
Reflexes 939 
Regions (illustrated) 942 
Respiration .. 946 
Retes 948 
Saccharomyces 963 
Sarcomata 972 
Serums 992 
Signs and Symptoms of Disease 998 
Sinuses 1007 
Solutions , 1014 
Spaces 1020 
Spasms 1021 
Spinal Cord, Functions of 1028 
Spirilla 1031 
Spirochaeta (illustrated) 1031 
Splints (illustrated) 1036 
Stains and Staining Methods 1041 
Staphylococci 1055 
Strata 1065 
Streptococci 1066 
Sutures (illustrated) 1084 
Symptoms 1089 
Syndromes 1092 
Tests 1113 
Theories 1145 
Thermometers, Comparison of 1149 
Tinctures 1159 
Tissues 1160 
Tracts. 1169 
Treatment, Methods of 1173 
Triangles (illustrated) 1176 
Tubes 1188 
Tubercles 1189 
Tubules 1192 
Tumors 1193 
Ulcers 1199 
Valves . 1218 
Veins (illustrated) 1222 
Vibrio 1232 
Waters 1240 
Weights and Measures 1245 
Zones 1256 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE 1260 
15 GREEK ALPHABET 
Greek 
Letter 
Name 
English 
Equivalent 
A . 
B H 
r y 
a a 
E e 
z r 
H v 
0^0 
I t 
K K 
A X 
M m 
N v 
S $ 
0 o 
n 7T 
p p 
Sas 
T T 
T v 
T <p 
X X 
T 
£2 w 
Alpha 
Beta 
Gamma 
Delta 
Epsilon 
Zeta 
Eta 
Theta 
Iota 
Kappa 
Lambda 
Mu 
Nu 
Xi 
OmTcron 
Pi 
Rho 
Sigma 
Tau 
Upsilon 
Phi 
Chi 
Psi 
Omega 
a 
b 
g (hard) 
d 
5 (short) 
z 
e (long) 
th 
i 
k 
1 
m 
n 
X 
0 (short) 
P 
r 
s 
t 
u or y 
ph 
ch (hard) 
PS 
6 (long) 
KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION 
Vowels and consonants have their ordinary English sounds. 
Vowels are distinguished as short or long by the fact that a short vowel is followed by a 
consonant, while a long vowel is not. A vowel followed by a consonant has the short sound; 
as dom, in ab-dom'in-al. A vowel which is not followed by a consonant has the long sound, as 
do, in ab-do'men. THE 
AMERICAN ILLUSTRATED 
MEDICAL DICTIONARY 
k. 
A. Symbol for argon; also abbreviation for accom- 
modation, acetum, Angstrom unit, anode, and an- 
terior. 
a. 1. An abbreviation for accommodation, ampere, 
anode, anterior, aqua, water, and arteria. 2. Sym- 
bol for total acidity. 
a- or an-. 1. A prefix signifying without or not: 
used chiefly in words of Greek origin. 2. A prefix 
from the Latin, implying separation. 
a. The first letter of the Greek alphabet. See 
alpha. 
AA, aa [Gr. ava. of each]. An abbreviation used 
in prescription-writing, and signifying " of each." 
a a a disease. Chlorosis segyptiaca, the hookworm 
infection of the Ebers Papyrus (Joachim); also 
thought to be bilharziosis, since the hieroglyph is 
a phallus (Pfister). 
Aaron of Alexandria (a'ron). A physician who 
lived in the first half of the seventh century. He 
wrote medical works in the Syriac language, all 
of which are lost except fragments preserved by 
Rhazes. 
Aaron's sign (ar'onz) [Charles D. Aaron, American 
physician, born 1866]. See under sign. 
aasmus (a-as'mus) [Gr.]. Asthma. 
aatharilal (ah-ath-ar'il-al) [Arabic "bird's foot"]. 
A North African umbelliferous plant used in leprosy. 
A. B. Abbreviation for L. Ar'tium Baccalau'reus, 
Bachelor of Arts. 
ab. A Latin preposition meaning from: often 
used as a prefix. 
abaca (ab'ak-ah). Manila hemp; also Mu'sa texti'- 
lis, a plant of the Philippines, which produces it. 
abactio (ab-ak'she-o) [L.]. Induced abortion. 
abactus venter (ab-ak'tus ven'ter) [LJ. Induced 
abortion. 
Abadie's sign (ah-bah-dez') [1. J. M. Abadie, 
. ophthalmologist in Paris, born 1842. 2. Charles 
Jean Marie Abadie, a contemporary physician in 
Bordeaux]. See under sign. 
abaissement (ah-bas-maw') [Fr.]. 1. A lowering 
or a depressing. 2. Couching. 
abalienated (ab-al'yen-a-ted). Mentally deranged, 
abaliena'tio men'tis [L.]. Mental derangement; 
insanity. 
abalienation (ab-al-yen-a'shun) [L. abaliena'tio]. 
Mental derangement. 
Abano (ab-a'no), Pietro di. A physician and 
astrologer, 1250-1316, professor of medicine in the 
University of Padua. Also known as Petrus 
A ponus. 
abanon (ab'an-on). A proprietary magnesium 
phospho tartrate: used as a mild laxative. 
A. B. C. LINIMENT 
abaptiston (ab-ap-tis'ton) [Gr. a priv. + ^aTrnaros 
plunged). A trephine so shaped that it will not 
penetrate the brain. 
abarthrosis (ab-ar-thro'sis) [L. ab from + arthro'- 
sw], Same as diarthrosis. 
abarticular (ab-ar-tik'u-lar). Not affecting a 
joint; remote from a joint. 
abarticulation (ab-ar-tik-u-la'shun) [L. ab from 
+ articula'tio joint], i. A dislocation. 2. Same 
as diarthrosis. 
abasia (ah-ba'ze-ah) [Gr. a priv. + step]. 
Inability to walk from a defect of coordination, 
a.-asta'sia, loss of power either to stand or to 
walk (P. Blocq, 1888). a. atac'tica, abasia char- 
terized by uncertainty of movement, choreic 
a., a form due to chorea of the legs, paralytic 
a., a form due to paralysis, the legs giving away 
under the weight of the body, paroxysmal 
trepidant a., abasia-astasia caused by spastic 
stiffening of the legs on attempting to stand, 
spastic a. Same as paroxysmal trepidant a. 
trembling a., a. trep'idans, abasia due to 
trembling of the legs. 
abasic (ah-ba'sik). Pertaining to abasia. 
abatage, abattage (ah-bah-tahzh') [Fr.]. Slaugh- 
ter of animals. 
abatardissement (ah-bah-tar-dez-mon') [Fr.]. De- 
terioration of a race or breed. 
abate (ab-at'). To lessen or decrease. 
abatement (ab-at'ment). A decrease in the sever- 
ity of a pain or a symptom. 
abatic (ab-at'ik). Same as abasic. 
abattoir (ab-at-wah') [Fr.]. A slaughter-house. 
abaxial, abaxile (ab-aks'e-al, ab aks'il) [L. ab 
away from + ax'is axis]. Not situated in the 
axis of the body or of a particular part or organ. 
Abbe's condenser or illuminator (ah-bez') 
[Ernst A bbe, German physicist, 1840-1905] See 
condenser. 
Abbe's rings (ab'ez) [Robert Abbe, New York sur- 
geon, born 1851]. See ring. A's string- 
method. See string-method, under treatment. 
Abbe-Zeiss counting-cell. See Thoma-Zeiss. 
Abbot's paste (ab'uts) [William Abbot, an English 
physician, born 1831]. See under paste. 
Abbott's method (ab'ots). 1. [Alexander C. 
Abbott, bacteriologist in Philadelphia, born i860]. 
See under staining methods, table of. 2. [Edville 
Gerhardt Abbott, surgeon in Portland, Maine], 
See under method. 
abbreviated (ab-re've-a-ted). Shortened. 
A. B. C. liniment. See liniment. 
17 A. B. C. METHOD 
18 
ABIETIC ACID 
A. B. C. method or process. Deodorization of 
sewage by the addition of alumina, blood, and 
charcoal. 
Abd-el-Malek (abd-el-mah'lek). A Mohammedan 
physician, born at Basra, about 740 a. d. 
Abderhalden's reaction (ahb'der-hal-dens) 
[Emil Abderhalden, German chemist, born 1877]. 
See reaction. 
abdom. Abbreviation for abdomen. 
abdomen (ab-do'men) [L., from ab'dere to hide]. 
That portion of the body which lies between the 
thorax and the pelvis. It consists of a cavity {ab- 
dominal cavity) separated by the diaphragm from 
the thoracic cavity, and lined with a serous mem- 
brane, the peritoneum. This cavity contains the 
viscera, and is inclosed by a wall {abdominal 
wall or parities) formed by the abdominal mus- 
cles, vertebral column, and ilium. It is divided 
into nine regions by four imaginary lines, of 
which two pass horizontally around the body 
(the upper at the level of the cartilages of the 
ninth ribs, the lower at the top of the crest of the 
ilium), and two extend vertically on each side 
of the body from the cartilage of the eighth rib 
to the center of Poupart's ligament. These 
regions are: Three upper-left hypochondriac, 
epigastric, right hypochondriac; three middle 
-left lumbar, umbilical, right lumbar; three 
lower-left inguinal, hypogastric, right inguinal, 
accordion a., a nervous pseudotympany; swelling 
of the abdomen, due neither to distention with 
gas nor to a tumor, and appearing and disappear- 
ing rapidly. acute a., any acute condition with- 
in the abdomen demanding immediate operation, 
boat-shaped a. See scaphoid a. carinate a. 
Same as scaphoid a. navicular a., scaphoid ab- 
domen. a. ob'stipum, congenital shortness of 
the rectus abdominis muscle, pendulous a., a 
relaxed condition of the abdominal walls, sca- 
phoid a., an abdomen whose anterior wall is hol- 
lowed out: seen in children with cerebral disease. 
abdominal (ab-dom'in-al) [L. abdomina'lis]. Per- 
taining to the abdomen. 
abdomino-anterior (ab-dom"in-o-an-te're-or). 
With the belly forward (noting a position of the 
fetus in utero). 
abdominocystic (ab-dom"in-o-sis'tik). Pertain- 
ing to the abdomen and bladder. 
abdominogenital (ab-dom"in-o-jen'it-al). Pertain- 
ing to the abdomen and the reproductive organs. 
abdominohysterectomy (ab-dom"in-o-his-ter- 
ek'to-me). Hysterectomy performed through an 
abdominal incision. 
abdominohysterotomy (ab-dom"in-o-his-ter-ot'- 
o-me). Hysterotomy performed through an ab- 
dominal incision. 
abdominoposterior (ab-dom"in-o-pos-te're-or). 
Having the belly turned backward (noting a posi- 
tion of the fetus in utero). 
abdominoscopy (ab-dom"in-os'ko-pe) [L. abdo'- 
men belly + Gr. oKoireiv to inspect]. Inspection 
or examination of the abdomen. 
abdominoscrotal (ab-dom"in-o-skro'tal). Pertain- 
ing to the abdomen and scrotum. 
abdominothoracic (ab-dom"in-o-tho-ras'ik). Per- 
taining to the abdomen and thorax. 
abdominous (ab-dom'in-us). Having a large belly, 
abdomino-uterotomy ( ab-dom"in-o-u-ter-ot'o- 
me). See abdominohysterectomy. 
abdominovaginal (ab-dom"in-o-vaj'in-al). Per- 
taining to the abdomen and the vagina; as, a. palpa- 
tion. 
abdominovesical (ab-dom"in-o-ves'ik-al). Per- 
taining to the abdomen and bladder. 
abduce (ab-doos'). To draw away; abduct. 
abducens (ab-du'senz) [L. " drawing away "]. 
1. The external rectus muscle of the eye. 2. The 
sixth cranial nerve, a. labio'rum. See <2. oris. 
a. oc'uli, the external rectus muscle of the eye. 
a. o'ris, the levator anguli oris muscle. 
abducent (ab-du'sent) [L. abdu'cens]. Abducting, 
or effecting a separation. 
abduct (ab-dukt') [L. ab from + du'cere to draw]. 
To draw away from the median line or from a 
neighboring part or limb. 
abduction (ab-duk'shun) [L. ab from + du'cere 
to lead]. The withdrawal of a part from the 
axis of the body; the act of turning outward; the 
act of abducting or state of being abducted. 
abductor (ab-duk'tor) [L] An abducent muscle 
or nerve. See muscles, table of. 
Abee's support (ab'az) [A bee, a contemporary phys- 
ician in Nauheim], See support. 
Abenquefit (ab-en-kwe'fit). An Arab physician in 
Toledo, 997-1070. 
abenteric (ab-en-ter'ik). Situated in a part other 
than the intestine; as, a. typhus. 
abepithymia (ab-ep-e-thim'e-ah) [L. ab off + Gr. 
eiriOvula desire]. Paralysis of the solar plexus. 
Abercrombie's degeneration (ab'er-krom-b6z) 
[John A bercrombie, Scotch physician, 1780-1844]. 
See degeneration. 
Abernethy's fascia, operation, sarcoma, etc. 
(ab'er-ne-thez) [John Abernethy, English surgeon 
and anatomist, 1764-1831]. See fascia, operation, 
sarcoma. 
aberrans (ab-er'anz) [L.]. The vas aberrans 
aberrant (ab-er'ant) [L. abe/rans; ab from + 
erra're to wander]. Wandering or deviating from 
the usual or normal course. 
aberratio (ab-er-a'she-o). Latin for aberration, a. 
lac'tis, metastasis of milk secretion, a. tes - 
tis, situation of the testis in a part distant from 
the path which it takes in normal descent. 
aberration (ab-er-a'shun) [L. ab from + erra're 
to wander]. 1. Deviation from the usual course. 
2. A disordered state of the intellect. 3. Imper- 
fect refraction or focalization in a lens. chro- 
matic a., an unequal refraction of differently 
colored rays, producing a blurred image. _ diop- 
tric a. Same as spheric a. distantial a., a 
blurring of vision due to distance. lateral a., 
deviation of a ray from the focus measured upon 
a line perpendicular to the axis at the focus, 
longitudinal a., deviation of a ray from the 
focus measured on the axis. mental a., un- 
soundness of mind, especially one that is not 
sufficient to constitute insanity, meridional a., 
the variation of refractive power in different por- 
tions of the same meridian of a lens. newto- 
nian a. Same as chromatic a. spheric a., the 
imperfect focalization of a convex lens, due to 
the fact that the rays from the periphery come to 
a focus sooner than the others. 
aberrometer (ab-er-om'et-er) [aberration + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
errors in delicate experiments or observations. 
abevacuation (ab-e-vak-u-a'shun) [L. ab from 
+ evacua'tio an emptying], 1. Evacuation that 
is abnormal in respect of either excess or defi- 
ciency. 2. Metastasis. 
abeyance (ab-a'ans). A suspension of function or 
of action; a state of suspended activity. 
Abies (a'be-ez) [L. " fir "]. A genus of coniferous 
trees, including the firs and spruces. A. bal- 
sam'ea, balsam-fir, affords Canada balsam (tere- 
bin'thina canaden'sis). A. canaden'sis, the hem- 
lock tree, yields Canada pitch (pix canaden'sis), 
the astringent extract of hemlock, and the vola- 
tile oil of hemlock. Dose of fluidextract (Geddes'), 
5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.); of liquid extract 
(B. P.), 15-40 min. (1-2.666 c.c.); of glycerinum 
abietis (B. P.), 60-120 min. (4-8 c.c.). A. excel'- 
sa, Norway spruce, affords Burgundy pitch {pix 
burgun'dica). 
abietate (ab-i'et-at). A salt of abietic acid, 
abietene (ab-i'et-en). See heptane. 
abietic acid (ab-i-et'ik). See under acid. a. a. 
anhydrid, the principal constituent of rosin. ABIETIN 
19 
ABOULIA 
abietin (ab-i'et-in). A resin, C53H76O8, from va- 
rious species of fir and pine. 
abietite (ab-i'et-it). A sugar, C8HSO3, from A'bies 
pectina'ta, the silver fir of Europe. 
abiochemistry (ab"i-o-kem'is-tre) [Gr. a neg. + 
/3los life + chemistry]. Inorganic chemistry as dis- 
tinguished from the chemistry of vital processes. 
abiogenesis (ab"i-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. a priv. + ^los 
life + y events generation]. The hypothetic pro- 
duction of life from matter not alive; spontaneous 
generation. 
abiogenetic, abiogenous (ab'i-o jen-et'ik, ab-i- 
oj'en-us). Pertaining to, or marked by, spon- 
taneous generation. 
abiologic (ab"i-o-loj'ik) [Gr. a priv. + 0los life 
+ Xoyos treatise]. Not pertaining to biology. 
abiology (ah-bi-ol'o-je). The study of non-living 
things; anorganology. 
abionarce (ab-i-o-nar'se) [Gr. a neg. 4- ^ios life 4- 
vapKi] stupor]. Inactivity due to infirmity. 
abionergy (ab-i-on'er-je) [Gr. a priv. 4- life 4- 
epyov work]. See abiotrophy. 
abiophysiology (ab"i-o-fiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. 
lifeless 4- physiology]. The study of inorganic 
processes in living organisms. 
abiosis (ab-i-o'sis) [Gr. a neg. 4- ^ios life]. Ab- 
sence or deficiency of life. 
abiotic (ab-i-ot'ik). Incapable of living; antag- 
onistic to life. 
abiotrophia (ab-i-o-tro'fe-ah). Abiotrophy. 
abiotrophy (ab-i-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. a neg. 4- ^ios life 
4" rpotpr) nutrition]. Trophic failure; degen- 
eration or failure of vitality resulting in loss of 
specific resistance, etc. Called also abionergy and 
hypotrophy. 
abirritant (ab-iFit-ant) [L. ab from 4- ir'rilans 
irritating]. Diminishing or relieving irritation; 
soothing. 
abirritation (ab-ir-it-a'shun) [L. abirrita' tio]. Di- 
minished responsiveness to stimulation; atony. 
abirritative (ab-ir'it-a-tiv). Reducing irritability, 
soothing. 
abiuret (ah-bi-u'ret) [Gr. a not 4- biuret]. Not 
giving the biuret reaction. 
ablactation (ab-lak-ta'shun) [L. ablacta'tio, from 
ab from 4- lacta're to give milk]. The weaning 
of a child or the cessation of milk secretion. 
ablastemic (ah-blas-tem'ik) [Gr. a priv. 4- fiXae-rr]- 
pa a shoot]. Not concerned with germination. 
ablate (ab-lat') [L. abla'tus removed]. To remove, 
especially by cutting. 
ablatio (ab-la'she-o) [L.]. Ablation, a. placen'- 
tse, premature detachment of a normal placenta, 
a. ret'inse, detachment of the retina. 
ablation (ab-la'shun) [L. abla'lio]. Removal of a 
part, especially by cutting. 
ablepharia, ablepharon (ah-blef-a're-ah, ah-blef'- 
ar-on) [Gr. a priv. 4- 0Xe<papov eyelid]. Total or 
partial absence of the eyelids. 
ablepharous (ah-blef'ar-us) [Gr. a priv. 4- 0Xe<papov 
eyelid]. Having no eyelids. 
ablephary (ah-blef'ar-e). Same as ablepharia. 
ablepsia (ah-blep'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- QXtireiv to 
see]. Lack or loss of sight; blindness. 
ablepsy (ah-blep'se). Same as ablepsia. 
abluent (ab'lu-ent) [L. ab from 4- lu'ens washing]. 
1. Detergent or cleansing. 2. A cleansing agent. 
ablution (ab-lu'shun) [L. ablu'tio a washing]. The 
act of washing or cleansing. 
abman (ab'man) [L. ab from 4- ma'nus hand]. Any- 
thing which is believed to act as a carrier for man- 
effluvium. 
abmortal (ab-moFtal). Situated or directed away 
from a dead or injured part. 
abnerval (ab-neFval). Passing from a nerve to 
and through a muscle: said of electric currents. 
abneural (ab-nu'ral) [L. ab away from 4- Gr. 
vevpov nerve]. Distant from the central nervous 
system; ventral. 
abnormal (ab-nor'mal) [L. ab from 4- nor'ma 
rule]. Not normal; contrary to the usual struc- 
ture or condition. 
abnormality, abnormity (ab-nor-mal'it-e, ab- 
nor'mit-e). i. The quality or fact of being ab- 
normal. 2. A malformation. 
aboiement (ah-bwah-maw') [Fr.]. The utterance 
of barking sounds. 
abomasitis (ab-o-mas-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
abomasum. 
abomasum, abomasus (ab-o-ma'sum, ab-o-ma'- 
sus) [L. ab from + oma'sum paunch]. The fourth 
stomach of a ruminant animal. 
aborad (ab-o'rad). In an aboral direction. 
aboral (ab-o'ral). Opposite to, or remote from, 
the mouth. 
abort (ab-ort') [L. abo/tus abortive], i. To mis- 
carry. 2. To bring to an end before full devel- 
opment. 3. An abortion. 
aborticide (ab-orTis-id) [L. abor'tus abortion 4~ 
cc^dere to kill]. 1. The killing of a fetus within 
the uterus. 2. An agent which causes abortion 
and kills the fetus. 
abortient (ab-or'shent) [L. ab from 4- ori'ri to 
grow]. Same as abortifacient. 
abortifacient (ab-or-tif-a'shent) [L. aborfio abor- 
tion + fa'cere to make]. 1. Causing abortion. 2. 
An agent which causes abortion. 
abortin (ab-or'tin). A glycerin extract of the Bac- 
terium aborlum, prepared and used as is tuberculin, 
but in the diagnosis of contagious abortion of cattle, 
a. reaction or test. See under test. 
abortion (ab-or'shun) [L. abor'lio]. 1. The expul- 
sion of the fetus before it is viable. 2. Prema- 
ture stoppage of a morbid or a natural process, 
accidental a., that which is due to accident, 
ampullar a., a variety of tubal abortion occur- 
ring from the ampulla of the oviduct. artifi- 
cial a., induced a., that which is brought on 
purposely, contagious a., an infectious dis- 
ease of cows resulting in abortion, and thought 
to be caused by the Bang bacillus. Called also 
warping, criminal a., that which is not neces- 
sary for therapeutic reasons, embryonic a., 
that which occurs before the fourth month, fetal 
a., that which takes place after the fourth month, 
habitual a., that which is repeated in successive 
pregnancies, incomplete a., that which is fol- 
lowed by retention of the placenta, induced a., 
abortion brought on intentionally, inevitable a., 
the condition in which expulsion of the fetus has 
progressed to such a point that the abortion cannot 
be prevented, infectious a. Same as contagious 
a. justifiable a., abortion induced to save the 
life of the mother, missed a., one in which the 
fetus or embryo is dead, but not expelled for two 
weeks, ovular a., that which occurs within the 
first three weeks, spontaneous a., abortion 
occurring naturally, therapuetic a., abortion 
induced to save the life of the mother, threat- 
ened a., the appearance of signs of the premature 
expulsion of the fetus, tubal a., rupture of an 
extra-uterine pregnancy through the fimbriated 
extremity of the fallopian tube. 
abortionist (ab-oFshun-ist). One who makes a 
business of producing criminal abortions. 
abortive (ab-or'tiv) [L. aborti'vus]. 1. Prematurely 
born; incompletely developed. 2. Effecting an 
abortion; abortifacient. 
abortus (ab-oFtus) [L.]. An aborted fetus; abor- 
tion. 
abouchement (ah-boosh-maw') [Fr.]. The termi- 
nation of a vessel in a larger one. 
ab-oukine. The native name in Gaboon of fram- 
besia. 
aboulia, aboulomania. See abulia, abulomania. ABRACHIA 
20 
ABSCESS 
abrachia (ah-bra'ke-ah) [Gr. a priv. + 0paxiuv 
arm]. The condition of being without arms. 
abrachiocephalia (ah-bra"ke-o-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. a 
priv. + ppaxioov arm + KetpaXq head]. A mon- 
strosity characterized by absence of arms and head. 
abrachiocephalus (ah-bra"ke-o-sef'al-us). A 
monster fetus without arms or head. 
abrachius (ah-bra'ke-us). [See abrachia.] A fetus 
born without arms. 
abrade (ab-rad'). To rub away the external cover- 
ing or layer of a part. 
Abrahams' sign (a'brah-hamz) [Robert Abrahams, 
New York physician, born 1864]. See under sign. 
Abrami's disease (ah-brahm'ez). See Widal- 
Abrami disease, under disease. 
Abrams' reflex, treatment (a'bramz) [Albert 
Abrams, physician in San Francisco, born 1864]. 
See under reflex and treatment. 
abra'sio cor'nese. A rubbing off of the super- 
ficial layers of the cornea. 
abrasion (ab-ra'zhun) [L. abra'sio]. 1. A rubbing 
or scraping off. 2. A spot rubbed bare of skin or 
mucous membrane. 3. In dentistry, the mechanical 
wearing away of tooth substance. 
abrastol (ab-ras'tol). Same as asaprol. 
abreaction (ab-re-ak'shun) [L. ab away + reaction]. 
The process of working off a disagreeable experience 
by living through it again in speech and action in 
the presence of the psychanalyst. Called also 
psychocatharsis and catharsis. 
abrin (a'brin). A very poisonous principle or 
phytotoxin from the seeds of jequirity, A'brus 
precato'rius. 
abrism (a'brizm). Poisoning by jequirity. 
Abroma (ab-ro'mah) [L.]. A genus of sterculi- 
aceous trees. A. augus'ta, of southern Asia, affords 
a viscid juice serviceable in dysmenorrhea. Dose 
of fresh root, | dr. (2 gm.). 
abrotanum (ab-rot'an-um) [L.; Gr. a^porovov]. A 
plant, Artemis'ia abrot'anum, southernwood, or 
lad's love: a tonic, stimulant, vulnerary, and 
vermifuge. Dose of fluidextract, 10-20 min. 
(0.666-1.333 c.c.). See Artemisia. 
abrup'tio placen'tae. Premature detachment of 
the placenta. 
Abrus (a'brus) [L.; Gr. afipos delicate]. A genus 
of leguminous plants. A. precato'rius, or jequir- 
ity, has poisonous seeds: the infusion is strongly irri- 
tant to the eyes, and is used in granular ophthal- 
mia. See jequirity. 
A. B. S. pill. See under pill. 
Abs. feb. Abbreviation for L. absen'te feb're, when 
fever is absent. 
abscess (ab'ses) [L. absces'sus a going away], A 
localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by 
the disintegration of tissues, acute a., hot a., 
one which runs a relatively short course, pro- 
ducing some fever and a painful local inflamma- 
tion. alveolar a., inflammation of the alveo- 
lus of the gum with cellular necrosis and pus- 
formation. Called also dento-alveolar a. ame- 
bic a., amoebic a., an abscess containing amebas, 
found in the liver and lungs, anorectal a., 
abscess of the cellulo adipose tissue near the anus, 
apical a., an abscess situated at the apex of the 
root of a tooth, arthrifluent a., a wandering 
abscess which has its point of origin in a diseased 
joint, atheromatous a., an area of softening in 
the wall of a blood-vessel occurring as a result of 
sclerotic endarteritis, bartholinian a., an ab- 
scess of Bartholin's gland. Bezold's a. See von 
Bezold's a. bicameral a., one which has two 
chambers or pockets, biliary a., abscess of the 
gall-bladder, blind a. See peri-apical a. and 
dental granuloma, under granuloma. Brodie's a., 
a tubercular inflammation and ulceration of the 
head of a bone, especially of the tibia, bursal a., 
one occurring in a bursa, canalicular a., 
a mammary abscess communicating with a milk- 
duct, caseous a., one that contains cheesy 
matter, cerebral a., an abscess in the brain 
substance, chronic a. Same as cold a. cir- 
cumtonsillar a., quinsy, cold a., one of 
comparatively slow development with little 
evidence of inflammation, congestive a., an 
abscess which, because of the resistance of the 
tissues, cannot gather, but forms at a point distant 
from the seat of inflammation, constitutional 
a., one that results from a general disease, like 
pyemia, tuberculosis, or erysipelas, critical a., 
one that appears to mark or determine a crisis. 
Delpech's a., rapidly developing abscess with 
great prostration, but little fever, diffuse a., 
one the pus of which, or a part of it, is widely 
diffused in the surrounding tissues, dry a., one 
which disappears without pointing or breaking. 
Dubois' a., abscess of the thymus in congenital 
syphilis, embolic a., one formed in the clot of 
an embolus, fecal a., stercoraceous a., one 
which communicates with the large intestine and 
contains feces, fixation a., an abscess produced 
artificially (as by the injection of turpentine) for 
the purpose of attracting and fixing at the site of 
the abscess the bacteria of an acute infection. 
Fochier's a. Same as fixation a. fungal a., 
abscess caused by a fungus, such as Nocardia, 
gangrenous a., one attended with gangrene of 
the surrounding parts, gas a., tympanitic a., 
one which contains gas. gingival a., a parietal 
abscess situated in the cemental gingiva or in gin- 
gival tissue overlying a periclasial pocket, gravi- 
tation a., gravity a., an abscess in which the 
pus migrates or gravitates to a lower or deeper por- 
tion of the body, helminthic a., abscess caused 
by a worm, such as filaria or ascaris. hemor- 
rhagic a., one which contains blood, hepatic 
a., abscess of the liver, hypostatic a. See 
wandering a. idiopathic a., one due to local 
causes, ischiorectal a., one seated in the ischio- 
rectal fossa, lacunar a., an abscess in the la- 
cunae of the urethra, lumbar a., an abscess of 
the lumbar region: a psoas abscess, mam- 
mary a., abscess of the mammary gland, mar- 
ginal a., abscess near the orifice of the anus, 
mastoid a., suppuration within the cells of the 
mastoid portion of the temporal bone, mediasti- 
nal a., suppuration in the mediastinum, met- 
astatic a. See embolic a. miliary a., one of 
a set of small multiple abscesses, milk a., an 
abscess of the mammary gland during lactation, 
multiple a., one of a set of many abscesses usu- 
ally accompanying pyemia, mural a., an ab- 
scess in the abdominal wall after laparotomy, 
nocar dial a., an abscess caused by species of 
Nocardia, ossifluent a., an abscess dependent 
on a breaking down of bone tissue. Paget's a., 
an abscess recurring about the residue of a former 
abscess; a residual abscess, parietal a., a perio- 
dontal abscess originating in the periodontal tis- 
sue at some point other than the pulpal foramen, 
peri-apical a., an abscess at the apex of the root 
of a tooth; a blind abscess. A periodontal abscess 
arising from the dental pulp, pericemental a., 
a parietal abscess situated in the pericemental tis- 
sue which has undergone no previous loss of con- 
tinuity and which is not an extension of a peri- 
clasial pocket, perinephric a., perinephritic 
a., an abscess in the tissues immediately around 
the kidney, periodontal a., an infection of the 
periodontal tissue, whose inflammatory exudate 
drains elsewhere than through the gingival crevice. 
It includes periapical and parietal abscesses, peri- 
tonsillar a., quinsy, phlegmonous a., one 
associated with an inflammation seated in the 
connective tissues, postcecal a., an abscess 
sometimes occurring in appendicitis. post- 
typhoid a., a chronic abscess following ty- 
phoid fever, primary a., one formed at the seat 
of a pyogenic infection, protozoal a., abscess 
caused by a protozoan, psoas a., one which arises 
from disease of the lumbar or lower dorsal vertebrae, 
the pus descending in the sheath of the psoas ABSCESS-ROOT 
21 
ACALYPHA 
muscle, pulmonary a., an abscess of the lungs, 
pyemic a., a constitutional abscess due to py- 
✓ emia. residual a., one seated near the residue 
of a former inflammation, retroperitoneal 
a. Same as subperitoneal a. retropharyngeal 
a., a suppurative inflammation of the lymph-nodes 
in the posterior and lateral walls of the pharynx, 
scrofulous a., strumous a., one due to the tu- 
bercle bacillus, serous a. Same as periostitis 
albuminosa. shirt-stud a., a superficial abscess 
connected with a deeper one by a passage, splenic 
a., an abscess of the spleen, stercoraceous a., 
stercoral a., an abscess containing feces, sterile 
a., an abscess which contains no microorganisms, 
stitch a., one which develops at or near a stitch 
or suture, subaponeurotic a., an abscess be- 
neath an aponeurosis or fascia, subdiaphrag- 
matic a., an abscess beneath the diaphragm, 
submammary a., an abscess beneath the mam- 
mary gland, subperitoneal a., an abscess be- 
tween the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal 
wall, subphrenic a., an abscess beneath the dia- 
phragm. suprahepatic a., an abscess situated 
in the suspensory ligament between the liver and 
the diaphragm, thecal a., an abscess in the 
sheath of a tendon, traumatic a., an abscess 
provoked by injury, tropical a., an abscess 
of the liver due to long residence in a tropical 
climate, tympanitic a., an abscess that con- 
tains gas. tympanocervical a., an abscess 
arising in the tympanum and ' extending to the 
neck, urinary a., an abscess caused by ex- 
travasation of urine, urinous a., one which con- 
tains pus mixed with urine, verminous a., 
one which contains insect larvae or other animal 
parasites, von Bezold's a., abscess resulting 
from a mastoiditis by perforation of the mastoid 
wall, with extension into the digastric fossa, and 
thence to the tissues of the lateral aspect of the 
neck, wandering a., one that burrows in the 
tissues and finally points at a considerable dis- 
tance from the place where it started. 
abscess-root. The root of the Greek valerian, 
Polemo'nium ref/tans: stimulant, alterative, and 
expectorant. Dose of fluidextract, |-2 dr. (1.85- 
7-4 c.c.). 
abscissa (ab-sis'ah), pl. abscissa [L., from ab away 
+ scin'dere to cut]. Any one of a set of trans- 
verse lines cutting vertical ones, to show in a 
diagram the relations of a series of parts. 
abscission (ab-sish'un) [L. ab from + scin'dere 
to cut]. Removal by cutting, corneal a., ex- 
cision of the prominence of the cornea in staphy- 
loma. 
absconsio (ab-skon'se-o), pl. absconsio'nes [L.]. 
The cavity of a bone receiving and concealing 
the head of another bone. 
absinthe (ab'sinth or ahb-sant') [Fr.]. A liqueur 
containing oil of wormwood. See absinthium. 
absinthin (ab-sin'thin). A poisonous bitter prin- 
ciple, C2oH2804, from wormwood [absinthium). 
absinthism (ab-sin'thizm). A diseased condition, 
like alcoholism, due to continued use of absinthe. 
absinthium (ab-sin'the-um) [L.; Gr. afivOiov]. 
Wormwood: the leaves and tops of Artemis'ia 
absin'thium. It is a gastric tonic, cardiac stimu- 
lant, and anthelmintic. Dose of infusion, j-1 
fluidounce (15-30 c.c.). oil of a., the volatile oil 
of wormwood, or Artemis'ia absin'thium. 
absinthol (ab-sin'thol) [L. absin'thium wormwood 
+ o'leum oil]. A liquid camphor, C10H16O, from 
oil of wormwood. 
absolute (ab'so-lut) [L. absolu'tus, from absol'vere 
to set loose]. Free from limitations; unlimited; 
uncombined, a. alcohol, etc. See alcohol, etc. 
absorbefacient (ab-sor-be-fa'shent) [L. absorbe're 
to absorb + fa'cere to make]. 1. Causing or pro- 
moting absorption. 2. A medicine or an agent 
that promotes absorption. 
absorbent (ab-sor'bent) [L. absor'bens, from ab 
away + sorbe're to suck]. 1. Sucking up, or taking 
up by suction. 2. A lacteal, lymphatic, or other 
absorbing vessel. 3. A medicine or dressing that 
promotes absorption. 
absorptiometer (ab-sorp-she-om'et-er) [absorp- 
tion + Gr. perpov measure]. A device for measur- 
ing the layer of liquid absorbed between two 
glass plates: used as a hematoscope. 
absorption (ab-sorp'shun) [L. absorp'tio]. The 
taking up of fluids or other substances by the 
skin, mucous surfaces, or absorbent vessels, dis- 
junctive a., the process by which a slough 
separates from healthy tissue by the absorption of 
the thin layer of the latter, which is in direct con- 
tact with the necrosed portion, interstitial a., 
removal of waste matter by the absorbent system, 
pathologic a., pathological a., the absorp- 
tion into the blood of any bodily excretion or 
morbid product, such as the bile, pus, etc. 
absorptive (ab-sorp'tiv). Capable of absorbing. 
Abst., Abstr. Abbreviation for abstract. 
abstergent (ab-steFjent) [L. absterge're to cleanse]. 
1. Cleansing or purifying. 2. A cleansing appli- 
cation or medicine. 
abstract (ab'strakt) [L. abstract turn, from abslra'- 
here to draw off]. A powder made from a drug 
or its fluidextract with milk-sugar, and brought 
to twice the strength of the original drug or ex- 
tract. 
abstraction (ab-strak'shun) [L. abstrac'lio]. 1. The 
withdrawal of any ingredient from a compound. 
2. The letting of blood. 
abterminal (ab-ter'min-al) [L. ab from + termi- 
nus end]. Moving from the terminus toward the 
center: said of electric currents in muscular sub- 
stance. 
abulia (ah-bu'le-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 0pvXrj will]. 
Loss or deficiency of will-power, cyclic a., abu- 
lia occurring periodically. 
abulic (ah-bu'lik). Affected with or pertaining to 
abulia. 
Abulkasim (ah-bool-kas'im). The most famous 
Arabic writer upon surgery. He is supposed to 
have practised medicine in Cordova and to have 
died about iiioa. d. He wrote a comprehensive 
work upon medicine and surgery in 30 parts, en- 
titled "Altasrif." 
Abulkasis (ah-bool-kas'is). See Abulkasim. 
abulomania (ah-bu-lo-ma'ne-ah) [abulia + Gr. 
pavia madness]. Mental disorder characterized 
by weakness of the will or indecision of character. 
abutment (ab-ut'ment). A supporting structure 
to sustain lateral pressure; applied in dentistry to 
the anchorage tooth for a bridge. 
Abwehrfermente (ahb-varTehr-men-te) [Ger.]. 
Protective ferments. See under ferment. 
A. C. Abbreviation for air conduction, alternating 
current, and anodal closure. 
a. C. Abbreviation for L. an'te ci'bum, before meals, 
a-c., A-C. Abbreviation for auriculocarotid and 
atriocarotid. a-c. interval. See under interval 
acacanthrax (ak-ak-an'thraks) [Gr. ananos rot-bad 
+ anthrax]. Non-specific anthrax. 
Acacia (ak-a'she-ah) [L.; Gr. aKanla]. I. A genus 
of leguminous trees of many species, some of 
which produce gum arabic and others catechu; 
some are poisonous and others astringent. 2. 
Gum arabic, a dry, gummy exudate from A. sen'- 
egal and other species: it is used in preparing 
mucilage and in pharmacy as a vehicle. It is 
serviceable as a demulcent. Its official prepara- 
tions are the mucilage (mucilago acacia) and the 
syrup [syrupus acacice), both used mainly as vehi- 
cles. 
acalculia (ah-kal-ku'le-ah). Inability to do mathe- 
matical calculations. 
Acalypha (ak-al'if-ah) [L., from Gr. un- 
covered]. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants, 
many of which are actively medicinal. A. in'dica, 
an herb of southern Asia, is purgative, emetic, ACAMPSIA 
22 
ACCELERANT 
and antiarthritic. Dose of fluidextract, 10-60 
min. (0.666-4 c.c.). The juice (succus acalypha:) 
is given to infants in doses of 60 min. (4 c.c.). 
acampsia (ah-kamp'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Kapirreiv 
to bend]. Rigidity or inflexibility of a part or of 
a joint. 
acanthaceous (a-kan-tha'shus) [Gr. &KavOa thorn]. 
Bearing prickles. 
Acanthap'sis sul'cipes. A bug related to Lamus 
and thought to be the transmitter of a form of 
endemic goiter in tropical Africa. 
acanthesthesia (ak-an-thes-the'se-ah) [Gr. aKavOa 
thorn + alafhjais sensation]. Perverted sensi- 
bility with a feeling as of a sharp point. 
Acan'thia lectula'ria. The bedbug. See Cimex. 
acanthion (ak-an'the-on) [Gr. " little thorn "]. A 
point at the base of the anterior nasal spine. 
Acanthobdellidea (ak-an"tho-bdel-id'e-ah). An 
order of the class Hirudinea, characterized by the 
presence of spines on the surface of the body. 
Acanthocephala (ak-an-tho-sef'al-ah) [Gr. aKavOa 
spine + KetpaXri head]. An order of nematode 
animal parasites, the thorn-head worms, so-called 
because of the proboscis which projects anteriorly, 
and is covered with thorn-like recurved spines for 
attachment to the host. There are two important 
genera, Gigantorhynchus and Echinorhynchus. 
acanthocephaliasis (ak-an"tho-sef-al-i'as-is). In- 
festation with any species of the order Acantho- 
cephala. 
Acanthocheilonema per'stans (ak-an-to-ki-lo- 
ne'mah). Same as Filaria perstans. 
acanthokeratodermia (ak-an"tho-ker-at-o-der'- 
me-ah) [Gr. &KavOa prickle + xeoas horn + beppa 
skin]. Hyperkeratosis. 
acantholysis (ak-an-thol'is-is) [Gr. aKavOa. prickle 
+ Kurts a loosening]. Atrophy and detachment 
of the prickle layer of the skin (Auspitz). 
acanthoma (ak-an-tho'mah), pl. acantho'mata [Gr. 
axavOa. prickle + opa tumor]. A tumor or exces- 
sive local development of the stratum granulosum 
of the skin. a. adenoi'des cys'ticum, a con- 
dition marked by edema of the sweat-glands, a. 
alveola'ris, epithelioma, a. inguinale. See 
papilloma inguinale tropicum. a. verruco'sa 
seborrho'ica, senile warts. 
acanthopelvis, acanthopelyx (ak-an-tho-pel'vis, 
ak-an-thop'e-lix) [Gr. aKavOa spine + ireKv^ 
pelvis]. A pelvis with the crest of the pubes very 
sharp. 
acanthosis (ak-an-tho'sis) [Gr. aKavOa spine]. Any 
disease of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. a. 
nig'ricans, general and abnormal pigmentation 
of the skin with papillary growths (Pollitzer and 
Janovsky, 1890). See keratosis nigricans. 
acapnia (ah-kap'ne-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Kairvos 
smoke]. A condition of diminished carbon di- 
oxid in the blood. 
acapnial (ah-kap'ne-al). Marked by acapnia. 
acardia (ah-kar'de-ah) [Gr. a priv. + Kapbla heart]. 
Congenital absence of the heart. 
acardiac (ah-kar'de-ak). [See acardia.] 1. Having 
no heart. 2. An acardiacus. 
acardiacus (ah-kar-de'ak-us) [L.]. An acardiac 
monster-fetus, a. amor'phus, a. an'ceps, a 
monster with a rudimentary head, extremities, and 
heart. 
acardiohemia (ah-kar"de-o-he'me-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
+ Kapbia heart + alpa blood]. Lack of blood in 
the heart. 
acardionervia (ah-kar"de-o-ner've-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
+ Kapbia heart + L. ner'vus nerve]. Lack of nerve 
stimulus to the heart. 
acardiotrophia (ah-kar"de-o-tro'fe-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
+ Kapbia heart + rpotpi) nutrition]. Atrophy of 
the heart. 
acardius (ah-kar'de-us) [Gr. a neg. + Kapbia heart]. 
A fetal monster without a heart. 
acarian (ak-a're-an). Pertaining to the acarids or 
mites. 
acariasis (ak-ar-i'as-is). [See Acarus.] Any dis- 
ease, as mange or itch, caused by mites or ticks, 
such as Sarcoptes, Trombidium, Ornithodorus, 
Dermacentor, and Demodex. demodectic a., 
infection of the hair-follicles with the mite. Dem'- 
odex folliculo'rum. It affects man, dogs, horses, 
cattle, and sheep. In animals it is also called 
follicular mange, sarcoptic a., infection with 
Sarcoptes scabei. See scabies. 
acaricide (ak-ar'is-id) [L. ac'arus mite + cafdere 
to slay], i. Destructive to acari. 2. An agent 
that destroys mites. 
acarid, acaridan (ak'ar-id, ak-ar'id-an). [See 
Acarus.] Any mite or tick of the family Acarid as, 
or order Acarina. 
Acaridse (ak-ar'id-e). A family belonging to the 
order Acarina. 
Acarina (ak-ar-i'nah). An order of the class 
Arachnida, including the ticks and mites. 
acarinosis (ak-ar-in-o'sis). Any disease caused by 
acari. 
acarodermatitis (ak"ar-o-der-mat-i'tis). Any 
skin inflammation caused by acari. a. urticari- 
oi'des, straw-itch. See under itch. 
acaroid resin. See resin. 
acarophob ia (ak-ar-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. a.Kapt a mite + 
<pbSos fear]. Insane fear of the itch, or imaginary 
affection with that disease. 
acarotoxic (ak-ar-o-tok'sik). Destructive to acari. 
Acartomyia fah-kar-to-mi'e-ah). A genus of Culi- 
cine mosquitos. 
Acarus (ak'ar-us), pl. ac'ari [L.; Gr. aKapt a mite]. 
1. A genus of small, insect-like animals, often 
ectoparasitic, and called mites. They cause itch, 
mange, and other skin diseases. 2. Any organ- 
ism or species of the genus. A. folliculo'rum. 
See Demodex. A. scabi'ei. See Sarcoptes. 
acataleptic (ah-kat-al-ep'tik). 1. Mentally defi- 
cient. 2. Doubtful or uncertain. 
acatamathesia (ah-kat-am-ath-e'ze-ah) [Gr. a 
priv. + KaTapad-qats understanding]. Loss or 
impairment of the power to understand speech; 
also impairment of any one of the perceptive 
faculties, due to a central lesion. 
acataphasia (ah-kat-af-a'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 
KaratpaaLS orderly utterance]. Inability to express 
one's thoughts in a connected manner, due to a 
central lesion. 
acatastasia (ah-kat-as-ta'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Kard- 
araais stability]. Irregularity; variation from the 
normal. 
acatastatic (ah-kat-as-tat'ik). Irregular; varying 
from the normal. 
acathectic (ak-ath-ek'tik) [Gr. a neg. + Kaders a 
retention]. Characterized by failure of the normal 
retention of the secretions. 
acathisia (ah-kath-is'e-ah) See akathisia. 
acaudal, acaudate (ah-kaw'dal, ah-kaw'dat) [Gr. 
a priv. + L. cau'da tail]. Having no tail. 
acauline (ah-kaw'lin) [Gr. a neg. + L. cau'lis 
stem]. Having no stem: a term applied to certain 
fungi. 
acaulinosis (ah-kaw-lin-o'sis). A mycotic disease 
characterized by an erythematous eruption with 
purulent discharges and crusts: due to Acaulium 
Vagnoli-Lutatii. 
Acaulium (ah-kaw'leum). A genus of fungi. See 
acaulinosis. 
ACC. Abbreviation for anodal closure contraction. 
Acc. Abbreviation for accommodation. 
accelerans (ak-sel'er-anz) [L. " hastening "]. A 
nerve stimulation of which hastens the heart's 
action. 
accelerant (ak-sel'er-ant). A catalyzer. ACCELERATION 
23 
ACERVULOMA 
acceleration (ak-sel-er a'shun) [L. accelera'tio; 
from ad to 4- ce'ler swift]. A quickening, as of 
the pulse-rate or respiration. 
accelerator (ak-sel'er-a-tor) [L. " hastener "]. 
Any nerve or muscle which hastens the perform- 
ance of a function, a. uri'nae. See muscles, 
table of. 
accentuation (ak-sen-tshu-a'shun) [L. accen'lus 
accent]. Increased loudness or distinctness. 
accentuator (ak-sen'tshu-a-tor). A substance 
which deepens or intensifies the action of a tissue 
stain. 
acceptor (ak-sep'tor). A substance which unites 
with another substance; specifically a substance 
which will absorb the active oxygen formed during 
the oxidation of other substances which will not 
unite with oxygen in the absence of the acceptor. 
accessiflexor (ak-ses'if-lek-sor). Any accessory 
flexor muscle. 
accessorius (ak-ses-o're-us) [L. " supplementary"]. 
See muscles, table of. a. willis'ii, the spinal 
accessory nerve. 
accessory (ak-ses'or-e) [L. accesso'rius]. Supple- 
mentary or affording aid to another similar and 
generally more important organ. 
accidentalism (ak-sid-en'tal-izm). The theory of 
medicine that attends only the symptoms of dis- 
ease, ignoring the etiology and pathology. 
accipiter (ak-sip'it-er) [L. " hawk "]. A facial 
bandage with tails like the talons of a hawk. 
accladiosis (ak-lad-e-o'sis). An ulcerative condition 
of the skin produced by infection with the fungus 
Accladium. 
Accladium castella'ni. A fungus infesting the 
skin of natives in Ceylon. 
acclimatation, acclimation, acclimatization 
(ak-li-mat-a'shun, ak-li-ma'shun, ak-li-mat-iz-a'- 
shun). The process of becoming accustomed to 
a new climate, soil, and conditions. 
accommodation (ak-om-o-da'shun) [L. accommo- 
da're to fit to]. Adjustment, especially that of 
the eye for various distances, absolute a., the 
accommodation of either eye separately, binoc- 
ular a., the convergence of the two eyes so as to 
bring the image of the object seen upon each retina, 
histologic a., a group of changes in the mor- 
phology and function of cells following changed con- 
ditions. negative a., adjustment.of the eye for 
long distances by relaxation, positive a., adjust- 
ment of the eye for short distances by contraction, 
relative a., accommodation produced by the 
two eyes acting together. 
accommodative (ak-om'o-da-tiv). Pertaining to, 
of the nature of, or affecting accommodation. 
accouchement (ah-koosh-maw') [Fr.]. Delivery 
in childbed; confinement, a. forcS (ah-koosh- 
maw for-sa'), forcible delivery with the hand or by 
instruments. 
accoucheur (ah-koosh-er') [Fr.]. One skilled in 
midwifery; an obstetrician. 
accoucheuse (ah-koosh-ez') [Fr.]. A midwife. 
accrementition (ak-re-men-tish'un) [L. ad to 4- 
cres'cere to grow]. Growth or increase by the 
addition of similar tissue. 
accretion (ak-re'shun) [L. ad to 4- cres'cere to 
grow]. 1. The addition of nutrient particles to 
a tissue. 2. The adherence of parts naturally 
separate. 3. A mass of foreign matter which has 
accumulated in a cavity. 
accumulator (ak-u'mu-la-tor). An apparatus for 
collecting and storing electricity. 
acedia (ah-se'de-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- Kqbos care]. 
A mental disorder characterized by apathy and 
melancholy. 
acelomate, acoelomate (ah-se'lo-mat). Not hav- 
ing a celom or body cavity. 
A. C. E. mixture. An anesthetic mixture of 1 
part of alcohol, 2 of chloroform, and 3 of ether. 
acenesthesia (ah-sen-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 
cenesthesia]. Abolition of the sense of well being, 
seen in melancholia and hypochondriasis. 
acentric (ah-sen'trik) [Gr. aKevrpos not centric]. 
Not originating in a nerve-center; peripheric. 
aceognosia (as-e-og-no'se-ah) [Gr. olkos remedy + 
7»<w<ns knowledge]. Knowledge of remedies. 
aceology (as-e-ol'o-je). Same as acology. 
acephalia, acephalism, acephaly (ah-sef-a'le- 
ah, ah-sef'al-izm, ah-sef'al-e) [Gr. a neg. 4* KepaXr) 
head]. Absence of the head. 
acephalobrachia (ah-sef"al-o-bra'ke-ah) [Gr. a 
neg. 4" KetpaXq head + ^pax^^ arm]. Congenital 
absence of the head and arms. 
acephalobrachius (ah-sef"al-o-bra'ke-us). A mon- 
ster or teratism with neither head nor arms. 
acephalocardia (ah-sef"al-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. a 
priv. + KetpaXr) head 4* Kapbia heart]. Absence of 
the head and heart. 
acephalocardius .(ah-sef"al-o-kar'de-us). A mon- 
ster or teratism with neither head nor heart. 
acephalochiria (ah-sef"al-o-ki're-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
+ KepaXq head + x^P hand]. Absence of the 
head and hands. 
acephalochirus (ah-sef"al-o-ki'rus). A monster- 
fetus or teratism with neither head nor hands. 
acephalocyst (ah-sef'al-o-sist) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
KepaXrj head 4- Kvarcs cyst], A headless, bag-like 
hydatid filled with a liquid, it being one of the 
stages of the existence of a sterile cestoid worm 
(Laennec, 1804). 
acephalocystis racemosa (ah-sef"al-o-sis'tis ra- 
se-ino'sah). A hydatid mole of the uterus. 
acephalogaster (ah-sef"al-o-gas'ter) [Gr. a priv. 
4- KtpaXq head 4- yaarqp belly]. A fetus that 
lacks the head, chest, and upper part of the ab- 
domen. 
acephalopodia (ah-sef"al-o-po'de-ah) [Gr. a priv. 
4- KepaXq head 4" ttous foot]. Absence of the 
head and feet. 
acephalopodius (ah-sef"al-o-po'de-us). A teratic 
fetus with neither head nor feet. 
acephalorachia (ah-sef"al-o-ra'ke-ah) [Gr. a priv. 
4- KetpaXq head 4- pax^ spine]. Absence of the 
head and spinal column. 
acephalostomia (ah-sef"al-o-sto'me-ah) [Gr. a 
priv. 4- nepaXr) head 4- aropa mouth]. A form of 
monstrosity characterized by absence of the head, 
and a kind of mouth on the superior aspect. 
acephalostomus (ah-sef-al-os'to-mus). A mon- 
ster-fetus characterized by acephalostomia. 
acephalothoracia (ah-sef"al-o-tho-ra'se-ah) [Gr. a 
priv. 4 Ke<paXq head 4" dupa.^ thorax]. Absence 
of the head and chest. 
acephalothorus (ah-sef"al-o-tho'rus). A monster- 
fetus with neither head nor thorax. 
acephalous (ah-sef'al-us). Without a head. 
acephalus (ah-sef'al-us), pl. aceph'ali [Gr. a with- 
out 4- Ke<paXq head]. A headless monster, a. 
dibra'chius, an acephalus with both upper limbs 
more or less undeveloped, a. di'pus, an acepha- 
lus with lower limbs more or less undeveloped, 
a. monobra'chius, an acephalus with only one 
upper limb. a. mon'opus, an acephalus with 
only one lower limb. a. paraceph'alus, a 
monster with a defective skull and no brain, a. 
sym'pus, an acephalus with fusion of the two 
lower limbs. 
aceratosis (ah-ser-at-o'sis) [Gr. a without 4" Kepas 
horn]. Deficiency of the horny tissue. 
acerdol (as'er-dol). A compound, MnO2K2KOH, 
used as a disinfectant. 
acervuline (as-er'vu-lin) [L. acer'vulus little heap]. 
Aggregated, like certain glands. 
acervuloma (as-er-vu-lo'mah) [L. acer'vulus little 
heap 4- Gr. opa. tumor]. Same as psammoma. ACERVULUS 
24 
ACETOZONE 
acervulus (as-er'vu-lus) pl., ace/vuli [L. dim. of 
acer'vus a heap]. Brain-sand; or, more exactly, the 
mass of sabulous matter which lies near the pineal 
body. Called also acervulus cerebri. 
acescence (as-es'ens) [L. aces'cere to become sour], 
1. Sourness. 2. The process of becoming sour. 
acescent (as-es'ent). Somewhat or slightly acid. 
acesodyne (as-es'o-din) [Gr. dKearos healing]. Ano- 
dyne; allaying pain. 
acestoma (as-es-to'mah) [Gr. aKearos healed + o/za 
tumor]. A mass of granulations. 
acetabular (as-et-ab'u-lar). Pertaining to the 
acetabulum. 
acetabulum (as-et-ab'u-lum) [L. " vinegar-cruet," 
from ace'lum vinegar]. The rounded cavity in 
the innominate bone which receives the head of 
the femur. Called also cotyloid cavity. 
acetal (as'et-al). Diethylacetal; a colorless liquid, 
C2H4(OC2Hs)2, formed by the incomplete oxidation 
of alcohol under the action of platinum black. It 
is hypnotic. Dose, 1-3 dr. (4-12 c.c.). 
acetaldehyd (as-et-al'de-hid). Ordinary aldehyd. 
See aldehyd. 
acetamid (as-et-am'id). A white, crystalline sub- 
stance, CH3CONH2. 
acetamido-antipyrin (as-et-am"id-o-an-te-pi'- 
rin). A yellow, crystalline compound, said to be 
a useful antipyretic in the same dose as antipyrin. 
acetamidosalol (as-et-am"id-o-sa'lol). Salophen, 
acetaminol (as-et-am'in-ol). A white, crystalline 
substance, C18H23NO4, used in the treatment of 
pulmonary tuberculosis. 
acetanilid (as-et-an'il-id) [acetic + anilin]. A 
white, crystalline, sublimable solid, phenylacet- 
amid, C5H5NH.OC.CH3, produced by combining 
glacial acetic acid with anilin. It is analgesic and 
antipyretic, and is used in neuralgia and rheuma- 
tism. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.). Called 
also antifebrin. ammoniated a., a mixture of 
acetanilid, ammonium carbonate, sodium bicar- 
bonate, and sugar of milk, monobromated a. 
See antis epsin. 
acetannin (as-et-an'i-n). Tannyl acetate; a creamy 
white odorless and tasteless powder, the acetic acid 
ester of tannin: used as an astringent in diarrheal 
affections. Dose, 3-10 gr. (o.2-0.7 gm.). See 
tannigen. 
acetarct (as'et-arkt). An extract made with acetic 
acid instead of alcohol as a menstruum. 
acetate (as'et-at). Any salt of acetic acid. 
acetbromanilid (as-et-bro-man'il-id). Same as 
antisepsin. 
acetenyl (as-e'ten-il). The group-C = CH, when 
it occurs in organic compounds. 
aceteugenol (as-et-u'ge-nol). One of the products 
. in the transformation of eugenol into vanillin. 
acethemin, acethsemin (as-et-he'min). A pre- 
paration of hemin, C34H33O4N4ClFe, derived from 
the coloring-matter of the blood. 
acetic (as-e'tik). Pertaining to vinegar or its acid; 
sour. 
aceticoceptor (as-e"tik-o-sep'tor). A ceptor or 
side chain having specific affinity for the acetic- 
acid radical. 
acetimeter (as-et-im'et-er) [L. ace'turn vinegar + 
Gr. perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
the acetic acid in a fluid. 
acetin (as'et-in). A glyceryl acetate. 
Acetobacter (as-e-to-bak'ter). A genus of bacterial 
organisms. They are aerobic, rod-shaped cells 
capable of securing their energy by the oxidation of 
alcohol to acetic acid. A. ace'ti, the species 
which causes cider or wine to change to vinegar. 
It is aerobic, and forms a zoogleal mass, the 
"mother of vinegar," on the surface. 
acetol (as'et-ol). 1. An alcohol, hydroxyacetone, 
CHa.CO.CHsOH, isomeric with lactic aldehyd. 2. 
A proprietary toothache remedy. 
acetolase (as-et'o-las). A ferment which converts 
alcohol into acetic acid. 
acetoluid (as-et-ol'u-id). An antipyretic, C9HnNO, 
resembling acetanilid. 
acetometer (as-et-om'et-er) [L. ace'lum vinegar + 
met'rum measure]. An instrument for determin- 
ing the percentage of acetic acid in solution. 
acetomorphin (as"et-o-mor'fin). Heroin. 
acetonal (as-et'o-nal). Aluminum and sodium 
acetate, AhfOHMCjHjC^sNa. 
acetonasthma (as-e-ton-as'mah). Asthma ac- 
companied with acetonuria and probably due to it, 
and marked by headache, vomiting, restlessness, 
and amaurosis. 
acetone (as'et-6n) [acetic + ketone]. 1. Dimethyl 
ketone, CH3.CO.CH3, a colorless liquid found in 
pyro-acetic acid and in naphtha. It has been found 
in small quantities in normal urine and occurs in 
larger amounts in diabetic urine. It is acrid and 
inflammable, and is used as an anesthetic and an- 
thelmintic. Dose, 15-20 min. (0.92-1.23 c.c.). 
2. Any member of the series to which the normal or 
typical acetone belongs, a. bodies. See under 
body. a. bromoform. See brometone, a. 
chloroform. See Chloretone, a. diethylsul- 
phone. See sul phonal. 
acetonemia (as-et-o-ne'me-ah) [acetone + Gr. alga 
blood]. The presence of acetone bodies in the 
blood. 
acetonglycosuria (as"et-6n-gli-ko-su're-ah). Gly- 
cosuria following acetone poisoning. 
acetonitrate (as"et-o-ni'trat). A compound of a 
base with acetic and nitric acids. 
acetonitril (as-et-o-ni'tril). Methyl cyanid, 
CH3CN, a colorless liquid. 
acetonoresorcin, acetonoresorcinol (as-et-o*- 
no-re-sor'sin, as-et-o"no-re-sor'sin-ol). A crystal- 
line substance containing two molecules of resor- 
cinol and one of acetone. 
acetonum (as-et-o'num). Latin for acetone. 
acetonuria (as-et-o-nu're-ah). Excess of acetone 
bodies in the urine. It occurs in diabetes, fever, 
carcinoma, and digestive disorders. 
aceto-orthotoluid (as-et"o-or-tho-to'lu-id). See 
acetorthotoluid. 
acetoparatoluid (as"et-o-par-a-tol'u-id). See acet- 
par atoluid. 
acetophenetidin (as"et-o-fen-et'id-in). See phen- 
acetin. 
acetophenone (as-et-o-fe'non). Hypnone, methyl 
phenyl ketone, C6H5COCH3, a pungent fluid, 
sometimes used as a hypnotic and as an antiseptic. 
Dose, 1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 c.c.). 
acetophenone-ortho-oxyquinolin (as-et-o-fe"- 
non-or-tho-oks-e-kwin'o-lin). A hypnotic and anti- 
neuralgic compound. 
acetophenonephenetidin (as-et-o-fe"nbn-fen-et'- 
id-in). Same as malar in. 
acetopyrin (as-et-o-pi'rin). A white, crystalline 
compound of antipyrin and acetosalicylic acid: 
used in rheumatism and neuralgia. Dose, 5-10 
gr. (0.333-0-65 gm.). 
acetorthotoluid (as-et-or-tho-tol'u-id). A color- 
less, crystalline compound, C6H<(CH3)NHCO- 
CH3, used as an antipyretic, like acetanilid. Dose, 
2-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 gm.). 
acetosoluble (as-et-o-sol'u-bl). Soluble in acetic 
acid. 
acetous (as-e'tus) [L. aceto'sus]. Pertaining to, 
producing, or resembling vinegar. 
acetozone (as-et'o-zon). Benzoylacetylperoxid, Cs- 
H5.CO.O2.OC.CH3, a crystalline compound soluble 
in alcohol, oils, and ether. It is used as an external 
and internal germicide and antiseptic, and as a ACETPARAMINOSALOL 
25 
ACHROIN 
dusting-powder and ointment. Dose, 3-5 gr. 
(0.2-0.33 gm.). Called also benzozone. 
acetparaminosalol (as-et-par-am"in-o-sal'ol). Sal- 
ophen. 
acetparaphenetidin (as-et-par-ah-fen-et'id-in). 
Same as phenacetin. 
acetparatoluid (as"et-par-a-tol'u-id). A colorless, 
crystalline compound, CBH/CH-dNH.COCHa, used 
as an antipyretic. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
acetphenetidin (as-et-fe-net'id-in). The official 
name for phenacetin (q. v.). 
acetract (as'e-trakt). An extract of a drug made 
with a menstruum containing acetic acid. 
acet-theocin-sodium (as-et-the-o-sin-so'de-um). 
A proprietary diuretic, theophyllin sodium acetate, 
NaC7H?O2N4 + CH3.CO.ONa, used in dropsy. 
Dose, 5-7 gr. (0.33-0.5 gm.). 
acettoluid (as-et-tol'u-id). See aceloluid. 
acetum (as-e'tum), pl. acdta [L.]. 1. Vinegar. 2. 
A medicinal solution of a drug in vinegar, a. 
aromat'icum, aromatic vinegar (N. F.), an aro- 
matized preparation of dilute acetic acid and 
alcohol, a. canthar'idis, vinegar of canthar- 
ides: a rubefacient and vesicant for external 
use. a. ipecacuan'hae, vinegar of ipecacuanha. 
Dose, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). a. lobe lifiB, 
vinegar of lobelia. Dose, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 
c.c.). a. o'pii, vinegar of opium: soporific and 
anodyne. Dose, 5-20 min. (0.333-1.333 c.c.). a. 
sanguina'r ise, vinegar of blood-root. Dose, 
10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). a. scil'lae, vinegar 
of squill (q. v.). Dose, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
acetyl (as'et-il) [acetic 4- Gr. vXq matter]. A radi- 
cal, CH3.CO, supposed to exist in acetic acid. a. 
chlorid, a colorless liquid, CH3.CO.Cl, used as a 
reagent, a. dioxid, a thick liquid (C2H3O)2O2, a 
powerful oxidizing agent. 
acetylarsenate (as"et-il-ar'se-nat). Same as ars- 
acetin. 
acetylatoxyl (as"et-il-at-ok'sil). See arsacelin. 
acetylcholin (as-et-il-ko'lin). A combination of 
acetic acid and cholin occurring in ergot and pos- 
sessing extremely poisonous properties. 
acetylene (as-et'il-en). A colorless, inflammable 
gas, C2H2 or HC = CH, of a disagreeable odor, 
formed by the incomplete combustion of coal-gas. 
It has been used in the treatment of cancer, a. 
dichlorid. Same as dioform. 
acetylization (as-et"il-iz-a'shun). The introduc- 
tion of the radical acetyl into an organic compound, 
acetylphenyIhydrazin (as"et-il-fen-il-hi-dra'zin). 
See pyrodin. 
acetylsalicylamid (as"et-il-sal-is-il-am'id). An 
antirheumatic in white crystals, CH3.CO.O.C6H4.- 
CO.NH2. 
acetyltannin (as-et-il-tan'in). See tannigen. 
acetylthymol (as-et-il-thi'mol). Thymol acetate, 
C12Hl8O2, a colorless liquid, used as an antisep- 
tic. 
achalasia (ah-kal-a'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. + xaXaais 
relaxation]. Failure to relax on the part of a 
bodily opening, such as a sphincter or the esoph- 
agus. 
ache (ak). A continuous, fixed pain. 
acheilia (ah-ki'le-ah) [Gr. a without 4- xeiXos lip]. 
Congenital absence of one or both lips. 
acheilous (ah-ki'lus). Having no lips. 
acheiria (ah-ki're-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- x^P hand]. 
Congenital absence of one or both hands. 
acheirus (ah-ki'rus) [L.]. A fetus or person born 
without hands. 
achibromin (ak-e-bro'min). Monobromisovaleryl- 
glycolurea, a crystalline compound used like the 
alkali bromids. Dose, 5-15 grains (0.3-1 gm.). 
Achillea (ak-il-e'ah) [L.; Gr. dxiXXeia]. A genus 
of composite-flowered plants. A. millefo'lium, 
milfoil, or yarrow, is a good bitter and stimulant 
tonic. Dose of the extractive, 1-3 dr. (4-12 gm.); 
of the volatile oil, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.). 
achillein (ak-il-e'in). A glucosid, C20H38N,O15> 
from yarrow (Achilled): antiperiodic. Dose, 16-60 
gr. (1.03-4 gm.). 
Achilles' tendon (ak-il'ez). See under tendon. 
Achillini (ak-il-e'ne), Alessandro. A celebrated 
physician and philosopher, born at Bologna in 1463;. 
died, 1512. He left several works on anatomy. 
achillobursitis (ak-il"o-ber-si'tis). Inflammation 
and thickening of the bursas about the Achilles 
tendon, especially of the bursa in front of it. 
achillodynia (ak-il-o-din'e-ah) [Achilles' tendon 4* 
Gr. bbvvq pain]. Pain in the Achilles tendon. 
achillorrhaphy (ak-il-or'af-e) [Achilles' tendon + 
Gr. pavy suture]. The operation of suturing the- 
Achilles tendon. 
achillotomy, achillotenotomy (ak-il-ot'o- 
me, ak-il"o-ten-ot'o-me) [Gr. 'AxtXXevs Achilles- 
+ rev wo tendon 4- rop-q cut]. Surgical division 
of the Achilles tendon, plastic a., elongation of 
the Achilles tendon by plastic operation. 
achiria (ah-ki're-ah). See acheiria. 
achirus (ah-ki'rus). See acheirus. 
Achlea (ak'le-ah). A genus of fungi which form 
molds on certain fish and insects. 
achlorhydria (ah-klor-hid're-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
chlorhydric]. Absence of hydrochloric acid from 
the gastric secretions, a.-apepsia, absence of 
the digestive secretions of the stomach. 
achlorids, achlorides (ah-klo'rids). Salts which 
are not chlorids. 
achloropsia (ah-klo-rop'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
X^upos green + of is vision]. Inability to distin- 
guish green tints. 
achlys (ak'lis) [Gr. axXus mist]. A mild corneal 
opacity (Himly). 
acholia (ah-ko'le-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- x°^V bile]. 
Lack or absence of the secretion of bile. 
acholic (ah-kol'ik). Free from bile. 
acholuria (ak-o-lu're-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- x°^V bile 
4- ovpov urine]. Absence of bile-pigment from the 
urine. 
acholuric (ak-o-lu'rik). Having no bile in the 
urine. 
achondroplasia, achondroplasty (ah-kon-dro- 
pla'se-ah, ah-kon'dro-plas-te) [Gr. a priv. + 
xbvbpos cartilage 4- irXcLaaem to form]. Defect in 
the formation of cartilage at the epiphyses of the 
long bones, producing a form of dwarfism: some- 
times seen in rickets. It is also called chondro- 
dystrophia fcetalis and fetal rickets. 
achondroplastic (ah-kon-dro-plas'tik). Pertain- 
ing to or affected with achondroplasia. 
achordal (ah-kor'dal). Not connected with or 
developed from the notochord. 
achoresis (ak-o-re'sis) [Gr. a priv. + x^P^ to 
make room]. Diminution of the capacity of a 
hollow organ. 
Achorion (ak-o're-on) [L. dim. of Gr. axcop dan- 
druff]. A genus of fungi much resembling Tricho- 
phyton, but with longer filaments. A. quinckea'- 
num, the species which causes mouse favus. A. 
schoenlei'nii, the species which causes favus in man. 
Other species occasionally found in man and in 
animals are: A. arloinf i, A. gyp'seum, A. keratoph'- 
agus, A. leber'tii. 
achreocythemia (ah-kre-o-si-the'me-ah). See 
achroiocythem ia. 
achroacyte (ah-kro'as-It). A lymphocyte. 
achroacytosis (ah-kro-as-it-o'sis) [Gr. a priv. + 
Xpba color 4- kvtos cell]. Excessive development 
of the colorless or lymph-cells, as in Mikulicz's 
disease (q. v.). 
achroin (ak-ro'in). A proprietary urinary anti- 
septic. Dose, 4 gr. (0.26 gm.). ACHROIOCYTHEMIA 
achroiocythemia (ah-kroi"o-si-the'me-ah) [Gr. 
aypotos colorless 4- kvtos cell 4- aqua blood]. De- 
ficiency or lack of hemoglobin in the red blood- 
corpuscles. 
achroma (ah-kro'mah) [Gr. a priv. + xp&na color]. 
Absence of color or of normal pigmentation. 
achromacyte (ah-kro'mas-it) [Gr. axpwpos color- 
less 4- kotos cell]. A decolorized red blood-cor- 
puscle. 
achromasia (ah-kro-ma'se-ah) [Gr. axpwpos color- 
less]. 1. Lack of normal pigmentation of the skin. 
2. Absence of the usual staining reaction from a 
tissue or cell. 
achromate (ah-kro'mat). A person who is color- 
blind. 
achromatic (ah-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. a priv. 4* XPUP~ 
ariKos pertaining to color]. 1. Producing no 
discoloration; also staining with difficulty. 2. 
Containing achromatin. 3. Color-blind. 
achromatin (ah-kro'mat-in) [Gr. a priv. 4- xP&pa 
color]. The faintly staining groundwork of the 
cell-nucleus. 
achromatinic (ah-kro-mat-in'ik). Pertaining to or 
containing achromatin. 
achromatism (ah-kro'mat-izm). The absence or 
correction of chromatic aberration; the condi- 
tion of being achromatic. 
achromatistous (ah-kro-mat-is'tus). Deficient in 
pigment or coloring-matter. 
achromatize (ah-kro'mat-iz). To render achro- 
matic. 
achromatocyte (ah-kro-mat'o-sit) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
XP&pa color 4- kvtos cell]. A decolorized erythro- 
. cyte. 
achromatolysis (ah-kro-mat-ol'is-is) [achromatin 
4- Gr. Xuais dissolution]. Disorganization of the 
achromatin of a cell. Called also plasmolysis. 
achromatophil (ah-kro-mat'o-fil) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
XP&pa color 4- <piXeiv to love], 1. Having no 
affinity for stains. 2. An organism or tissue ele- 
ment that does not stain easily. 
achromatopsia (ah-kro-mat-op'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 
+xpd>pa color+o^ts sight]. Total color-blindness. 
achromatosis (ah-kro-mat-o'sis) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
xp&pa color]. Deficiency of pigmentation in the 
tissues. 
achromatous (ah-kro'mat-us). Having no color; 
colorless. 
achromaturia (ah-kro-mat-u're-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
XP&pa color 4- ovpov urine]. A colorless state of 
the urine. 
achromia (ah-kro'me-ah) [Gr. axpwpos colorless]. 
1. Same as achroma. 2. Same as achromatosis. 
achromic (ah-kro'mik). Characterized by absence 
or the disappearance of color; colorless. 
achromin (ak-ro'min). Same as achromatin. 
achromoderma, achromodermia (ah-kro-mo- 
der'mah, ah-kro-mo-der'me-ah) [Gr. axpcopos 
colorless 4- Seppa skin]. A colorless state of the 
skin; leukoderma. 
achromophil, achromophilous (ah-kro'mof-il, 
ah-kro-mof'il-us) [Gr. a neg. 4- xP^pa color 
4- tpiXeiv to love]. See achromatophil. 
achromotrichia (ah-kro-mo-trik'e-ah) [Gr. axpw- 
pos without color 4- ^pi^ hair]. Lack of pigment 
in the hair. 
achrodamyloid (ah-kro-o-am'il-oid). Amyloid in 
its early non-stainable stage. 
achrodcytosis. See achroacytosis. 
achroodextrin (ah-kro-o-dek'strin) [Gr. &xpoos 
uncolored 4- dextrin], A kind of dextrin not 
colored by iodin, and not changed into sugar by 
the action of digestive ferments. 
achylia, achylosis (ah-ki'le-ah, ah-kil-o'sis) [Gr. 
a priv. 4- x^Xos chyle]. Absence of the chyle, 
a. gas'trica, absence of the ferments of the 
gastric juice (Einhorn, 1892). a. gas'trica 
26 
hsemorrha'gica, absence of hydrochloric acid 
from, and presence of occult blood in, the stomach, 
a. pancreat'ica, absence or deficiency of the 
pancreatic secretion. 
achylous (ah-ki'lus) [Gr. axvXos juiceless]. Defi- 
cient in chyle. 
achymia, achymosis (ah-ki'me-ah, ak-im-o'sis) 
[Gr. axvpos juiceless]. Imperfect or insufficient 
formation of chyme. 
acicular (as-ik'u-lar) [L. acicula'ris]. Shaped like 
a needle or needle-point. 
acid (as'id). i. [L. a'cidus, from a'cere to be sour.] 
Sour; having properties opposed to those of 
the alkalis. 2. [L. a'cidum.] Any compound of 
an electronegative element with one or more 
hydrogen atoms that are replaceable by electro- 
positive atoms; a compound which, in aqueous 
solution, undergoes dissociation with the forma- 
tion of hydrogen ions. The physical properties of 
acids are a sour taste, the power of turning litmus- 
paper red, and the ability to neutralize alkalis. 
Acids are distinguished as binary or hydracids, 
and ternary or oxy acids: the former contain no 
oxygen; in the latter the hydrogen is united to 
the electronegative element by oxygen. The 
hydracids are distinguished by the prefix hydro-. 
The names of acids end in " ic," except in the 
case where there are two degrees of oxygenation, 
when the acid containing the greater amount of 
oxygen has the termination -ic, the one having 
the lesser amount, the termination -ous. Acids 
ending in -ic form salts with the termination -ate; 
those ending in -ous form salts ending in -ite. 
The salts of hydracids end in -id. Acids are 
called monobasic, dibasic, tribasic, and tetrabasic, 
according as they contain one, two, three, or 
four replaceable hydrogen atoms. abietic a., 
a crystalline substance, C44H64O5, from abietin, 
forming a large part of rosin, abietinic a., an 
acid resin, C19H28O2, forming about 83 per cent, of 
American rosin, abietolic a., a crystalline acid 
resin, C20H28O2, forming about 1.5 to 2 per cent, of 
Chian turpentine, abric a., a crystalline acid, 
C21H24N3O, from jequirity. aceric a., an acid 
from the juice of A'cer campes'tre, the European 
maple, acetamido-ethyl-salicylic a. Same 
as benzacetin, acetic a., a colorless, crystalline 
acid, CH3.COOH, also called glacial acetic a., the 
acid of vinegar. It is very poisonous, and acts as a 
caustic when applied to warts, hypertrophied 
tissue, etc. Four forms are recognized: the ordi- 
nary. _ the dilute, the stronger, and the glacial. 
acetic a., dilute, an aqueous solution contain- 
ing 6 per cent, of the pure acid. Dose, 60-90 
min. (4-6 c.c.) in water, acetic a., glacial, a 
crystalline form of acetic acid: vesicant and 
escharotic. aceto-acetic a. Same as diacetic 
a. acetylcresotinic a. See enasin. acetyl- 
propionic a. See levulinic a. acetyl-sali- 
cylic a. See aspirin, aconitic a., a crys- 
talline acid, CeHeOe, from aconite and other 
plants, acrylic a., any one of a group of or- 
ganic acids having the formula C3H4O2, and 
found in animal and vegetable tissues, aden- 
ylic a., an acid containing adenin, derived from 
the thymus, adipic a., a crystalline acid, (CH2)4-- 
(C00H)2, formed by oxidizing fats with nitric acid, 
agaric a., agaricic a., a resinous acid, C19H36- 
(OH)(COOH)s.i5H2O, from the fungus Polyp'orus 
officinalis, or white agaric. It is a white, tasteless 
powder, useful in night-sweats. Dose, |-ii gr. 
(0.02-0.1 gm.), ailantic a., a bitter acid from 
Ailantus excelsa: tonic, alantic a., an acid, 
C15H23O3, from In'ula hele'nium. albuminic a., 
ferrated, a therapeutic preparation of swine 
livers in a light brown powder; also, an artificial 
product of iron and albumin, very similar to the 
above, aldepalmitic a., an acid, C16H30O2, 
from cow's butter, alginic a., an organic acid 
from various species of Algae; the alginate of iron 
is said to be valuable, allanic a., allanturic 
a., an acid, glyoxalyl urea, (C0.NH)2CH.0H, 
ACID ACID 
27 
ACID 
formed along with urea by the action of nitric acid 
on allantoin, allophanic a., an acid, urea car- 
bonic acid, NH2.CO.NH.COOH, not known in 
the free state. Its amid is biuret. It combines 
with various substances and makes them less dis- 
agreeable to take, alloxanic a., a crystalline 
acid, NH2.CO.NH.CO.COOH, obtainable from 
alloxan, alloxyproteic a., a sulphur compound 
sometimes found in the urine, alluranic a., an 
acid, C5H4N4O4, derived from alloxan and urea, 
aloitinic a., a yellow and nearly insoluble sub- 
stance, C7H2N2O5, obtainable from aloes, alpha- 
glucoheptonic a., an heptahydroxy acid, CH2- 
OH(CHOH)gCOOH. Its lactone is hediosit. 
alpha-hydroxypropionic a. See lactic acid. 
alpha-oxynaphthoic a., a crystalline acid, 
OH.CioHgCOOH, antiseptic and deodorant, used 
in wound dressing: probably poisonous if admin- 
istered by the mouth, alphatoluic a., phenyl- 
acetic acid, amalic a., a crystalline acid, Cs- 
(CH3)4N4O7, formed by the reduction of di- 
methyl alloxan with hydrogen disulphid. amido - 
acetic a. Same as glycocoll, amidobenzoic 
a., an acid, NH2.CgH4.COOH, found in urine, 
amidocaproic a. Same as leucin. amido- 
ethyl-sulphonic a. See taurin.^ amido- 
formic a. Same as carbamic a. amidohydro- 
cumaric a. Same as tyrosin. amido-iso- 
thionic a. Same as taurin. amido-oxy- 
phenylpropionic a. Same as tyrosin. amido- 
propionic a. Same as alanin. amidosuccinic 
a. Same as asparaginic a. amidothiolactic a. 
See cystein. amidothiopropionic a. See 
cystein. amidovalerianic a. Same as homo- 
piperidinic a. amino-acetic a., glycocoll, 
aminocaproic a., leucin. aminoglutaric a., 
glutaminic a. aminoguanidine valerianic a. 
Same as arginine amino-indole propionic a. 
Same as tryptophane, amino-isovalerianic a., 
valin. aminopropionic a., alanin. amino- 
succinic a., aspartic a. aminothiopropionic 
a., cystein. amygdalic a., one formed by the 
decomposition of amygdalin, the result of boiling 
with an alkali, anacardic a., a crystalline prin- 
ciple from Anacar'dium occidenta'le: anthelmintic, 
angelic a., an unsaturated fatty acid, CH3.CH : 
CfCHsl.COOH, from the roots of Angelica arch- 
angelica: useful in gout, rheumatism, and inter- 
mittent fever. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.666-2 gm.), 
anilinparasulphonic a. Same as sulphanilic 
a. anisic a., a crystalline acid, CH3O.C6H4.- 
CO2H, from anise and fennel, forming anisates: 
it is antiseptic and antirheumatic Dose, 5-10 gr. 
(0.333-0.666 gm.), anisidin-citric a., an anal- 
gesic agent. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.), ani- 
suric a., an acid, CioHnNCb, in leafy crystals, 
obtainable from urine after the ingestion of anisic 
acid, anthranilic a., a crystalline acid, NH2.- 
CgH4.COOH, obtained by oxidizing indigo by boil- 
ing it with sodium hydroxid and magnesium dioxid. 
From it indigo can be made, anticyclic a., a 
fragrant powdery acid: generally used as an anti- 
pyretic. Dose, gr. (0.00066 gm.), anti- 
monic a., antimonium pentoxid, SbeOs, or, more 
correctly, antimonium hydroxid, Sb(OH)s or SbO- 
(OH)s, antimonious a. 1. Antimony trioxid. 
See antimony oxid. 2. More correctly, antimony 
hydroxid, HSbO2. antitartaric a. See meso- 
tartaric a. antoxyproteic a., an organic acid 
obtained from urine, apocrenic a., an acid, 
C48Hi2O24, from certain spring-waters and from the 
soil, aposorbic a., a crystalline acid, C5H8O7, 
obtained by oxidizing sorbin with HNO3. arabic 
a. Same as arabin. arabonic a., one of the 
forms of tetra-hydroxy-normal valeric acid, CH2- 
OH(CHOH)3COOH; formed by the action of bro- 
min-water on arabinose. arachic a., a fatty 
acid, C2oH402. from the oil of the peanut, Ar'achis 
hypogee'a. arachidic a., an acid, C19H39COOH, 
from arachis oil. aristic a., an acid, C18H13NO7, 
from .serpentaria, aristidic a., a resinous acid, 
CnHiofCHslNCh, from serpentaria, aristolic a., 
an acid, C15H13NO7, from serpentaria, aristo- 
lochic a., a volatile acid obtainable from various 
species of Aristolochia. aromatic a., any one 
of a group of acids derivable from various balsams 
and resins and containing the benzene or other 
ring, arsanilic a., a compound, OAs(CgH4- 
NH2)(OH)2, or arsenic acid in which an hydroxyl 
group is replaced by an aminobenzene, amino- 
phenol, or anilin group, arsellic a., an unsatu- 
rated fatty acid, C17H32O2, from cod-liver oil. 
arsenic a., orthoarsenic a., the acid, H3ASO4, 
some of whose salts, called arsenates, are used as 
medicines. See metarsenic a., pyroarsenic a. arse- 
nous a. 1. A monobasic acid, HAsOz, forming 
arsenites. 2. Arsenic trioxid, or arsenous anhy- 
drid. See arsenic trioxid. arsinic a., arsenic 
acid in which two of the hydroxyl groups have 
been replaced by organic radicals, arsino- 
salicylic a., a colorless, crystalline substance, 
used like atoxyl. arsonic a., arsenic acid in 
which one of the hydroxyl groups is replaced by 
an organic radical, arylarsonic a., arsonic acid 
combined with an aryl radical. Its salts are 
arylarsonates. aseptic a., an antiseptic mixture 
of boric acid, water, hydrogen dioxid, and salicylic 
acid, asparaginic a., a dibasic amino-acid, 
OOOH.CH(NH2).CH2.COOH, derivable from as- 
paragin, and found in the body as one of the 
products of pancreatic digestion, aspartic a. 
Same as asparaginic a. atrolactinic a., a 
crystalline acid, phenyl-lactic acid, CHs.CfCeHs)- 
OH.COOH, from acetophenone, atropic a., 
phenyl-acrylic acid, CgHs.C : (CH2).COOH, iso- 
meric with cinnamic acid; produced by boiling 
atropin with baryta water, auric a. 1. The 
acid, Au(HO)s, forming salts called aurates. 2. 
Less correctly, gold peroxid, Au2O2, or auric an- 
hydrid. avivitellinic a. [L. a'vis bird + vitel'- 
lus], a paranuclein found in ovovitellin, axinic 
a., an acid, C18H28O2. from axin. azelaic a., an 
acid, OOOH.(CH2)7COOH, formed by oxidation of 
oleic acid, barbituric a., a crystalline sub- 
stance, CO(NHCO)2CH2; malonyl urea, behenic 
a., a fatty acid, C21H43COOH, from ben oil, 
benzene-sulphonic a., a soluble crystalline 
substance, CgHsSOsH. benzoboric a., a com- 
pound used as an antizymotic. benzoic a. [L. 
acidum benzoicum], a white, crystalline acid, Cg- 
Hg.COOH, from benzoin and other resins and 
from coal-tar. It is soothing, antiseptic, stimulant, 
and diuretic. It is used in cystitis, bronchitis, and 
as an internal and local antiseptic. Its salts are 
benzoates. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.), ben- 
zoyl-amino-acetic acid. See hippuric a. 
beta-amino-butyric a., an acid, CH3.CH- 
(NH2).CH2.COOH, which causes profound nar- 
cotism and symptoms resembling coma, beta- 
naphthol-sulphonic a., white pearlj' scales 
tinged with red, OH.C10Hg.SO2.OH, used as a test 
for albumin in the urine; an agent which causes 
profound narcotism and symptoms resembling 
diabetic coma, beta-oxybutyric a., an acid, 
CH3.CHOH.CH2.COOH, occurring in diabetic 
urine and forming one of the acetone bodies. See 
acidosis, betaphenylpropionic a., a cin- 
namic-acid derivative in colorless crystals, CgHg.- 
CH2.CH2.COOH: used in tuberculosis. Dose, in 
alcoholic solution (1:5), 10 min. (0.66 c.c.). 
bilianic a., an acid, C24H34O8, formed by oxidiz- 
ing dehydrocholalic acid, bilic a., a crystalline 
acid, CigH220g, formed by oxidizing cholic acid with 
chromium trioxid. bilirubinic a., bilirubin, 
biliverdinic a. 1. Biliverdin. 2. An acid, 
C8H9NO4, formed by the oxidation of biliverdin, 
bioluric a., a compound derivable from uric acid, 
bismuthic a., the monobasic acid, HBiOg. 
blattic a., an active diuretic, derivable from cock- 
roaches. It does not affect the heart nor the arte- 
rial tension, boheic a., an acid, CrHjoOg, found 
in tea. boric a., boracic a., an acid, H3BO3, 
of which boron is the base. It is a white, crystalline 
powder, used as an antiseptic and detergent in 
ulcerations of the skin and mucous membrane: 
used for the most part in lotions and ointments. ACID 
28 
ACID 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.), borobenzoic a., 
B(OH)2.C6H4.COOH, occurs in brilliant white 
needles, borocitric a., a white, crystalline com- 
bination of boric and citric acids, employed as a 
solvent for urates and phosphates. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.3-1 gm.), borophenylic a., a white aro- 
matic powder, CeHs.OBfOH^, used as an anti- 
septic. borosalicylic a., a white powder, 
BOH(OC6H4COOH)2, prepared by evaporating a 
mixture of aqueous solution of boric acid and 
alcoholic solution of salicylic acid, boswellinic 
a., a constituent, C32H52O4, of olibanum, botu- 
linic a., an acid found in putrid sausages, be- 
lieved to consist of allantotoxicon mixed with other 
substances, brassic a., CH3.(CH2)7-CH : CH.- 
(CH2)n.C00H, an isomer of erucic acid produced 
by treating erucic acid with nitric acid, brenz- 
catechin sulphuric a., pyrocatechin sulphuric 
acid, OH.CbH4.O.SC>2(OH)2, found in the urine after 
the administration of salicin, hydroquinone, etc. 
bromauric a., a brownish, crystalline acid, 
HAuBr4 + 5H2O: used in the treatment of syph- 
ilis. Dose, gr. (0.0065 gm.), brom-phenyl- 
mercapturic a., a compound, brom-phenyl- 
acetyl-cy stein, C6H4Br.S.CH2.CH(NH.CO.CH3)- 
COOH, found conjugated with glycuronic acid in 
the urine of dogs fed bromo-benzene, bur sic a., 
bursinic a., a pale yellow astringent agent de- 
rived from Capsel'la bursa-pasto'ris, used like ergo- 
tin. butylethylbarbituric a., a white crys- 
talline powder, CO(NHCO)2C(C2H5)(C4H9): used 
as a hypnotic like veronal. Dose, 2-8 gr. (0.1- 
0.4 gm.). Called also butylethylmalonyl urea. 
butyric a., a rancid, sticky acid, CH3CH2CH2- 
COOH, a product of the putrefaction of pro- 
tein. It is found in butter, sweat, feces, and 
urine, and in traces in the spleen and in blood, 
cacodylic a., a crystalline deliquescent solid, 
dimethyl-arsenic acid, (CH3)2.AsO.OH, used the 
same as sodium cacodylate, (q. v.). caffeic a., 
a crystalline solid, dihydroxy cinnamic acid, (OH)2- 
CgHsfCH^COOH, obtained from coffee, caffe - 
tannic a., a glucosid, CuHsO?, found in coffee. 
It is resolvable into glucose and caffeic acid, 
caffuric a., a crystalline acid, C6H9N3O4, formed 
by the oxidation of caffein. cahincic a. See 
cahincin. calumbic a., a yellow, bitter sub- 
stance, C21H24O7, from calumba. camphogly- 
curonic a., C16H24O8, a combination of glycu- 
ronic acid and camphor, found in the urine after 
the use of camphor, campholic a., a compound, 
CioHisCb, formed by distilling camphor with alco- 
holic potash, camphoric a., a colorless, crys- 
talline substance, C10H16O4, from the oxidation of 
camphor: useful in the night-sweats of tubercu- 
losis, in coryza, laryngitis, angina, and as an 
antiseptic in laryngeal ulcers. Dose, 10-30 gr. 
(0.666-2 gm.), camphoronic a., an antiseptic 
compound, CgHuOg, in white needles, formed by 
the oxidation of camphor, canadinic a., an 
acid resin, C19H34O2, soluble in ammonium car- 
bonate, found in Canada turpentine, canadin- 
olic a., an acid resin. C19H30O2, found in Canada 
turpentine, canadolic a., an acid resin, C19H28- 
O2, found in Canada turpentine, cantharic a., 
a crystalline acid, C10H12O4, derivable from can- 
tharidin. cantharidic a., a dibasic acid, C10- 
H14O5, formed by the combination of cantharidin 
with water, capric a., a crystalline fatty acid, 
CH3(CH2)sCOOH, from butter, caproic a., a 
fatty acid, C6H12O2, forming caproates, caprylic 
a., a fatty acid, CsHieCh, from butter: it forms 
caprylates, capsic a., an irritating principle 
existing in pimenta. carbamic a., a monobasic 
acid, NH2.CO.OH. carbamino-carboxylic a., 
an acid, COOH.NH.CH2.COOH, formed by CO2 
in the presence of amino-acids and alkalies. car- 
bazotic a. Same as picric a. carbolic a., a 
colorless, crystalline compound, CeHjOH, more 
correctly and known officially as phenol; obtained 
by the distillation of coal-tar. By the addition of 
10 per cent, of water it is converted into a clear 
liquid with a peculiar odor and a burning taste. 
It unites with bases, forming salts called carbolates. 
Carbolic acid is a powerful antiseptic, disinfectant, 
and germicide, and is extremely poisonous. It 
is used in 3 per cent, solution as a dressing for 
wounds and ulcers; also in diphtheria, fetid bron- 
chitis, etc., to check fermentation and decom- 
position. It is also employed as a disinfectant 
for surgical instruments, for the hands of the 
operator and the field of operation, and for rooms, 
drains, etc. Internally it is given in typhoid fever, 
whooping-cough, and acid dyspepsia. The pure 
acid is caustic and locally anesthetic. Dose, 
1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 c.c.); carbolic acid water is 
a 3 per cent, solution; the ointment contains 10 
per cent.; the glycerite contains 1 part of acid to 4 
parts of glycerol, carbonaphthoic a. See 
oxynaphthoic a. carbonic a. r. An acidulous 
liquid, H2CO3, made by dissolving carbon dioxid 
in water; it forms carbonates. 2. An incorrect 
name for carbon dioxid, CO2 (q. v.). carminic 
a., a brilliant purple-red solid, dioxymethyl-alpha- 
naphtho-quinone, C12H11O7, from carmine, car- 
naubic,a. an acid, CH3(CH2)22COOH, from car- 
nauba wax and also from wool-fat. carnic a., 
a compound, probably a dipeptid, C10H15N3O5, 
formed by the decomposition of carniferrin. It is 
found in the muscles in the form of phosphocarnic 
acid, caronic a., a solid dibasic acid, (CHs^C- 
(CH.COOH)2, derived by oxidation from carone. 
carthamic a., a red stain, CuHigOr, from saf- 
flower. caryophyllic a. Same as eugenol. 
caseanic a., an acid, C9H16N2O7, found in casein, 
caseinic a., an acid, C12H24N2O5, found in casein, 
catechuic a. Same as catechin, catechutan- 
nic a., a variety of tannic acid from catechu, 
cathartic a., cathartinic a., a laxative prin- 
ciple from senna. Dose, 4-6 gr. (0.26-0.4 gm.), 
cephalinic a., an unsaturated acid of the lino- 
linic acid series found in cephalin, cephalyl- 
phosphoric a., by the loss of neurin. cephalin 
becomes cephalyl-phosphoric acid, cerebric a., 
a compound derived from the brain tissue and con- 
taining cerebrose, cerebronic a., a fatty acid, 
C25H50O3, derived from sphingomyelin, cerotic 
a., cerotinic a., a fatty acid, CHsfC^hs- 
COOH, from beeswax and other waxes, cetraric 
a. Same as cetrarin. chaulmoogric a., a 
cyclic organic acid, C18H32O2, from chaulmoogra 
oil. chelidonic a., a crystalline acid, C5H2O2- 
(COOH)2, from Chelido'nium ma'jus. chelidon- 
inic a., succinic acid, chenocholalic a., a 
compound, C27H44O4, from the bite of the goose, 
chenotaurocholic a., a crystalline compound, 
C29H49NSO6, occurring in the bile of geese, chino- 
vic a., a white crystalline powder contained in 
cinchona bark, chitonic a., an acid, trihydroxy- 
methyl-tetrahydrofurfurane-carboxylic acid, CH2- 
0H.CH0(CH0H)2.CH.C00H, formed by the oxi- 
dation of chitose. chloracetic a., an acid in 
which the three hydrogen atoms of acetic acid are 
wholly or partly replaced by chlorin: it occurs, 
therefore, in three forms, called respectively mono- 
chloracetic. dichloracetic, and trichloracetic acid. 
All are strongly caustic, chlorauric a., yellow 
hygroscopic crystals of gold chlorid, AuCls-HCl.- 
4H2O, which contain 48 per cent, of metallic gold, 
chlorhydric a. See hydrochloric a. chloro- 
peptic a. See peptohydrochloric a. chloro- 
platinic a., H2PtC16.6H2O, made by dissolving 
metallic platinum in nitro-hydrochloric acid, 
chloro-sulphonic a., an irritant war smoke, 
Cl.SCb-OH: used in hand grenades, chlorous a., 
a feebly acid compound, HCIO2, forming salts 
called chlorites, cholalic a., an acid, C24H40O5, 
from bile-acids, cholanic a. 1. The product, 
C20H28O6, of the oxidation of cholalic acid. 2. The 
product, C24H34O8, of the oxidation of choleic acid, 
choleic a., a compound, C24H4CO4, occurring in 
bile, choleocamphoric a., a compound, C10- 
H16O4, formed by the oxidation of cholalic acid, 
cholesterinic a., an acid, CsHioOs, obtained by 
oxidizing cholic acid, cholic a. See cholalic a. 
cholodinic a., an acid, C24H38O4, derived from ACID 
29 
ACID 
cholic acid, choloidanic a., an acid, C16H24O7, 
derived from cholic acid, cholonic a., an acid, 
C26H41NO5, formed by dehydration of glycocholic 
acid. chondroitic a., chondroitin-sul- 
phuric a., a compound, C18H27NSO17, found in 
cartilage and in the amyloid liver, and due to the 
decomposition of chondromucoid, chromic a. 
1. A dibasic acid, H2CrO4: its salts are called chro- 
mates. 2. Chromium trioxid, CrOs: a crystalline 
anhydrid used as an escharotic for the removal of 
warty growths, chrysenic a., a crystalline com- 
pound, C17H12O3. chrysophanic a., a yellow 
crystalline acid, dioxy-methyl-anthraquinone, 
CH3.Ci4H5O2(OH)2, from senna, rhubarb, certain 
lichens, etc., and from chrysarobin, whose thera- 
peutic properties it shares. Dose, 1-10 gr. (0.065- 
0.666 gm.), cinchomeronic a., pyridin-dicar- 
boxylic acid, CsH3N(COOH)2, formed from cin- 
chonin by oxidation, cinchonic a., quinolin- 
carboxylic acid, C9HeN(COOH), formed from cin- 
chonin by oxidation, cinnamic a., a white, 
crystalline acid, phenyl acrylic acid, CgHsfCH^- 
COOH, from cinnamon, storax, the balsams, and 
other aromatic resins: used outwardly and in- 
wardly in tuberculosis. Hypodermic dose, 1-10 
min. (0.066-0.666 c.c.). citraconic a., a crys- 
talline compound, methyl-maleic acid, COOH.C.- 
(CH3) : CH.COOH, formed by distilling citric 
acid, citric a., a tribasic, crystalline acid, 
COOH.C(OH)(CH2.COOH)2, from lemons, limes, 
etc. It forms citrates: is antiscorbutic, refriger- 
ant, and diuretic. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.666-2 gm.), 
cocatannic a., a compound found in the leaves 
of Erythrox'ylon co'ca. colchicinic a., an acid, 
CieHioOj, formed from colchicin by heating it 
with hydrochloric acid, comanic a., an acid, 
C6H4O4, derived from chelidonic acid, comenic 
a., a crystalline acid, oxypyrone-carboxylic acid, 
OH.C5H2O2.COOH, from opium, copaibic a., 
an acid nearly identical with the resin of copaiba; 
it may be given in doses of 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 
gm.), coumaric a., an acid, oxycinnamic acid, 
OH.CeH4.(CH)2.COOH, from coumarin, readily 
convertible into salicylic acid, coumarilic a., 
a crystalline acid, C9H6O3, from coumarin, crenic 
a., an acid, C24H12O16, from certain spring-waters 
and from the soil, cresosulphuric a., a sub- 
stance, CH3.CsH4.SO2.OH, found in small quan- 
tities in the urine, cresotic a., cresotinic a., 
an acid, CH3.CbH3(OH).COOH, oxytoluic acid, 
occurring in three modified forms: its sodium salt 
is antipyretic, cresylic a. See cresol, cro- 
conic a., a yellow crystalline acid, CO(CO.C.- 
OH)2.3H2O. crotonic a., an unsaturated fatty 
acid, CH3.CH : CH.COOH, found in croton oil. 
crotonolic a. Same as crotonol. crypto- 
phanic a., an amorphous acid, C10H18O10N2, said 
to be found in the urine, cubebic a., a strongly 
diuretic principle, C13H14O7, from cubeb: purga- 
tive. cumic a., an acid, C6H4(CsH7)COOH, 
formed by the oxidation of cuminol, cuminuric 
a., cumic acid is paired with glycocoll and ex- 
creted in the urine as cuminuric acid, (CHs^.CH.- 
C6H4.CO.NH.CH2.COOH. cyanhydric a. See 
hydrocyanic a. cyanic a., an acid, N : C.OH, 
stable at low temperatures: has vesicant proper- 
ties. cynurenic a., oxychinolin carbonic acid, C9- 
H5N.OH.COOH, found in dog's urine, being de- 
rived from protein, cyanuric a., a white crys- 
talline compound, (HCNO)3-2H2O, formed by 
heating urea, damalic a., C7H8O, said to occur 
in urine, damaluric a., C7H12O2, found in hu- 
man urine and in that of cows, decoic a. See 
capric a. dehydrocholalic a., an acid, C24H34- 
O5, formed by the oxidation of cholalic acid, de- 
hydrocholeic a., an acid, C24H34O4, formed by 
the oxidation of choleic acid, dekacrylic a., a 
yellow acid, C10H18O2, from cork, deoxycholeic 
a., one of the bile acids, desoxalic a., a crys- 
talline acid, COOH.CHOH.C(OH)(COOH)2. de- 
soxycholalic a., an acid, C24H40O4, formed by 
the reduction of cholalic acid, dextrotartaric 
a., ordinary tartaric acid, which turns the plane 
of polarization to the right, diacetic a., aceto- 
acetic acid, CH3.CO.CH2.COOH, one of the ace- 
tone bodies occurring in diabetic urine, diacetyl- 
tannic a. See tannigen. dialuric a., tartronyl 
urea; a crystalline acid, C0(NH.C0)2CH.0H, ob- 
tainable from alloxan, diamino-acetic a., an 
acid, CH(NH2)2COOH, formed by heating casein 
in sealed tubes with concentrated hydrochloric 
acid, diaminocaproic a. Same as lysin. di- 
aminovaleric a. See ornithin. diamino- 
trihydroxydodecanoic a., an amino-acid 
obtained from casein, C12H26N2O5. diazoben- 
zene-sulphonic acid, an aromatic acid, Cg- 
H5.N2.SO2OH, used in Ehrlich's diazo-reaction, 
dibromgallic a. Same as gallobromol. di- 
chloracetic a., CHCI2.COOH, an acid formed 
from acetic acid by substitution, diethylbar - 
bituric a. Same as veronal, digallic a. Same 
as tannic a. diglycoldisalicylic a., a com- 
pound, O(CH2COOCeH4COOH)2, used like aspirin, 
dihydroxystearic a., an acid, CH3(CH2)7- 
(CHOH)2(CH2)tCOOH, obtained by oxidizing oleic 
acid and found in castor oil. diiodolaricinic a. 
See frigusin. diiodo-salicylic a., a yellowish- 
white crystalline powder, OH.C6H2I2.COOH, used 
as an antipyretic and analgesic in doses of 8-20 gr. 
(0.5-1.2 gm.), dimethyl-arsenic a. Same as 
cacodylic a. dimethyl-colchicinic a., an acid, 
C18H19O5N, formed from colchicin by heating it 
with hydrochloric acid, diolic a., an acid, C10- 
H18O3.H2O, produced by boiling diosphenol with 
alcoholic potash, dioxy-diamino-suberic a., 
an acid, CsHis^Oe, obtained from casein, dioxy- 
phenylacetic a. See hemogentisic a. dioxy- 
salicylic a. See gallic a. dithio-aminolactic 
a. Same as cystein. dithiochloralsalicylic 
a., a reddish-yellow powder,S2C6H.Cl.OH.COOH: 
antiseptic. dithiodiamino-ethylene-lactic 
a. See cystein. dithio-salicylic a., a light 
yellowish powder, OH.CeH2S2.COOH, proposed as 
a substitute for salicylic acid, doeglic a., an 
oleic acid, C19H36O2, from doegling oil: it is iso- 
meric with jecoleic acid, draconic a. See anisic 
a. durylic a., a crystalline compound, trimethyl- 
benzoic acid, (CH3)3C6H2.COOH. elaidic a., an 
unsaturated fatty acid, CHs(CH2)7.CH : CH- 
(CH2)7.COOH, isomeric with oleic acid, and formed 
by treating the latter with nitrous acid, elaieimic 
a., a fatty acid from mutton tallow, used in rheu- 
matism and gout, ellagic a., an acid, CuHsOg, 
occurring in Oriental bezoars and prepared from 
gallic acid, embelic a., a vermifuge compound, 
C9H14O2, from Embelia ribes. emulcic a., an acid 
derived from the albumin of almonds, enan- 
thylic a., a compound formed by the action of 
nitric acid on fatty substances, eosolic a., acetyl- 
creosoto-trisulphonic acid, whose salts are called 
eosolates. episaccharic a., a saccharic acid 
obtained when nucleic acid is hydrolyzed with 
nitric acid. It is the oxidized form of an unknown 
hexose, ergotic a., a principle contained in 
ergot, ergotinic a., an acid from ergot, not 
poisonous when given by the mouth, but toxic if 
injected through the skin, erucic a., an unsatu- 
rated fatty acid, CH3(CH2)7CH : CH(CH2)nC00H, 
isomeric with brassic acid. It exists as a glycerid in 
oil of rape-seed and of mustard, ethylene lactic 
a. See under lactic a. ethylidene lactic a. 
See under lactic a. ethyl-sulphonic a., an acid, 
CH3.CH2.SO2.OH, found in the urine after the ad- 
ministration of sulphonal. eugenic a. Same as 
eugenol, excretolic a., excretoleic a., a fatty 
acid separable from feces, fatty a., any mono- 
basic acid producible by the oxidation of a primary 
alcohol, and having the general formula CnH2nO2. 
fellic a., an acid, C23H40O4, said to be obtainable 
from human bile, ferulic a., an acid, methyl- 
caffeic acid, CH3O.C6H3.(OH)(CH)2.COQH, ob- 
tained from asafetida by precipitation with lead 
acetate, fibril a., an amorphous, colories 
horny compound dissolving in acidified alcohol, 
contained in the neurofibrils. It stains an intense 
violet with toluidin blue. See Nissl a. filicica., ACID 
30 
ACID 
a tasteless, white, amorphous powder from male- 
fern. It is anthelmintic, but poisonous, and should 
be used with caution. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.), 
fluoric a. See hydrofluoric a. fluosilic a. 
See hydrofluosilicic a. formic a., a colorless 
pungent liquid, HCOOH, from nettles; derivable 
from oxalic acid and from glycerin. It is vesicant 
and counterirritant, frangulic a., a yellowish- 
brown, crystalline substance, C14H8O4, from fran- 
gulin; aperient, fulminic a., an unstable acid, 
carbyl-oxime, C : N.OH, isomeric with cyanic acid. 
It has the odor of hydrocyanic acid and is equally 
as poisonous. Mercury fulminate is used as a 
detonating agent, fumaric a., an unsaturated 
dibasic acid, COOH.CH : CH.COOH, isomeric 
with maleic acid; derived from Island moss. It is 
isomeric with maleic acid, gadinic a., a fatty 
acid existing in cod-liver oil. gaidic a., a crys- 
talline compound, C16H30O2. from hypogeic acid, 
galactonic a. Same as lactonic a. gallic a. 
[L. acidum gallicum], a white crystalline acid, 
trihydroxy-benzoic acid, (OHjsCelhCOOH.^O, 
from nutgalls and tannic acid. It is astringent and 
disinfectant. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.66-2 gm.), gal- 
lotannic a., ordinary tannin, gambogic a., 
a resin, C2oH2304, obtainable in large quantities 
from gamboge, gentiotannic a., a variety of 
tannic acid, C14H10O5, from gentian root. Same as 
gentianin. gentisinic a., dihydroxy-benzoic 
acid, (OH^CeHs.COOH, obtained by melting 
gentianin with potassium hydroxid. glucic a., a 
colorless soluble acid formed from cane-sugar by 
the action of caustic potash, gluconic a., a 
dextrorotary monobasic acid, CH2OH(CHOH)4- 
COOH, obtained by the oxidation of dextrose, 
cane-sugar, dextrin, starch, or maltose, gluco- 
thionic a., a sulphuric acid ester of an unknown 
carbohydrate isolated from the mammary gland, 
glutamic a., glutaminic a., a crystalline di- 
basic amino-acid, COOH.(CH2)2.CH(NH2).COOH, 
obtained by the digestion or hydrolytic decomposi- 
tion of proteins, glutaric a., normal pyrotar- 
taric acid, CH2(CH2.COOH)2. glyceric a., a 
dihydroxymonobasic acid formed by the oxidation 
of glycerol. It is dihydroxy-propionic acid, CH2- 
OH.CHOH.COOH. glycero-arsenic a., an 
acid, AsO(OH)2OCsH5(OH)2. Its salts are glycero- 
arsenates. glycero-phosphoric a., a pale 
yellow, oily liquid, H2PO4.CsH5(OH)2 + H2O, an 
acid, certain of whose salts are nerve tonics, and 
are serviceable in phosphaturia. glycochoieic 
a.,'an acid, C26H43NO5, found in bile, glycocolic 
a., one of the bile acids that yields glycocoll and 
cholic acid on hydrolysis, glycollic a., an acid, 
CH2OH.COOH, formed by treating oxalic acid with 
nascent hydrogen: called also oxyacetic a. gly- 
coluric a., a crystalline acid, a ureid of ghcollie 
acid, NH2.CO.NH.CH2.COOH, formed by heating 
urea with glycocoll: called also hydantoic a. and ur- 
amino-acetic a. glycosuric a., an acid found in 
the urine in certain conditions. It causes the urine 
to turn black on exposure to the air. glycuronic 
a., a compound, CHO.(CH.OH)4.COOH, found 
in the urine combined with camphor, chloral, 
chloroform, and many aromatic bodies, and after 
division of the renal nerves, glycyrrhizic a. 
Same as glycyrrhizin. glyoxylic a., a crystalline 
acid, dihydroxyacetic acid, (OH)2.CH.COOH, used 
in Hopkins-Cole reaction for tryptophan, gran- 
atotannic a., the tannic acid, C2oHieOi3, of 
pomegranate bark. It is a greenish-yellow, amor- 
phous powder, guaiacol-carbonic a., a pat- 
ented remedy, C6H3(OH)(OCH3)COOH + 2H2O, 
a white, crystalline powder. This acid and its 
salts are antiseptic and antirheumatic, guaiacol- 
sulphonic a. Same as guaiacyl. gua laconic 
a., an acid, C2nH24O5, from guaiac resin, guaia- 
retic a., an acid, C2oH2e04, from guaiacum. 
guanylic a., a mononucleotid made up of guanin, 
phosphoric acid, and a pentose, gummic a., 
arabin. gurjunic a., a compound, C22H34O4, 
from the resin of gurjun balsam, gymnemic a., 
an acid, C32H55O12, from Gymne'ma sylves'tre, a 
southern Asiatic shrub: placed in the mouth, it 
temporarily abolishes the sense of taste, gyno- 
cardiac a., an oily acid, C14H24O2, from the seeds 
of Gynocar'dia odorat'a: antisyphilitic and anti- 
rheumatic, sometimes used in liniments. Dose, 
i-3 gr. (0.032-0.194 gm.), haloid a., an acid 
wnicb contains no oxygen in the molecule, but is 
composed of hydrogen and a halogen element, 
helvellic a., the active constituent of the fungus 
Morchella helvella. It is poisonous, producing symp- 
toms similar to those induced by phallin. hemi- 
pinic a., an acid, CioHioO?, obtained by oxidizing 
narcotin. hexa-methyleneamin-salicyl- 
sulphonic a., a white, crystalline compound, 
(CH2)6N4.SO2OH.C6H3.(OH)COOH: used as a 
urinary antiseptic in doses of 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 
gm.), hidrolic a., hidrotic a. See sudoric a. 
hippuric a., a crystallizable acid, benzoyl amino- 
acetic acid, C6H5.CO.NH.CH2.COOH, from the 
urine of domestic animals; more rarely found in 
human urine. See hippurate, hircic a., an acid 
with a peculiar odor, found in goat's milk, homo- 
gentisic a., an acid, dihydroxy-phenyl-acetic 
acid, (OH)2C6H3.CH2.COOH, sometimes found in 
the urine, as in alkaptonuria, and thought to be a 
product ot bacterial action on tyrosin. Called also 
hydroquinone acetic acid, homophthalic a., 
a crystalline acid, phenyl-aceto-carboxylic acid, 
COOH.C6H4.CH2.COOH, formed by fusing gam- 
boge with caustic potash, homopiperidinic a., 
an amino-acid, NH2(CH2)4.COOH, found in de- 
composing meat. Called also ammo-valerianic a. 
humic a., an acid, C40H15O5, from peat, soil, cer- 
tain waters, etc. humulotannic a., the tannic 
acid of hops, C50H48O26. hydantoic a. See 
glycoluric a. hydracrylic a. See under lactic a. 
hydrazoic a. See triazoic a. hydriodic a. 
[L. acidum hydriodicum], a gaseous, haloid acid, 
HI. Its aqueous solution and its syrup are used as 
alteratives. Dose of syrup, $-3 dr. (2-12 c.c.). 
hydrobromic a., a gaseous, haloid acid, HBr: 
its 10 per cent, aqueous solution (acidum hydro- 
bromicum dilutum) is used like the bromids. Dose, 
3-120 min. (0.19-7.4 c-c-). hydrocaffeic a., an 
acid, dihydroxy-phenyl-propionic acid, (OH)2.- 
CeH3.CH2.CH2.COOH, formed by treating caffeic 
acid with sodium amalgam, hydrochloric a., a 
colorless gas, HC1: its solution in 68 parts of water 
(acidum hydrochloricum, U. S. P.) is a digestant. 
The 10 per cent, solution (acidum hydrochloricum 
dilutum) is exhibited in doses of 3-10 min. (0.2- 
0.666 c.c.). hydrochloroplatinic a., reddish- 
brown, delequescent crystals of H2PtCle.6H2O. 
The salts are chloroplatinates, hydrocinnamic 
a., a balsamic cinnamic acid derivative, beta- 
phenyl-propionic acid, CeH5.CH2.CH2.COOH, in 
white needles: used in tuberculosis. Dose, 1-2.5 
gr. (0.05-0.15 gm.), hydrocumaric a., an acid, 
beta - phenol - propionic acid, OH.CeH4.(CH2)2- 
COOH, sometimes found in the urine and derived 
from the putrefaction of protein, hydrocyanic 
a., a colorless liquid, HCN, extremely poisonous. 
Its 2 per cent, solution (acidum hydrocyanicum 
dilutum) is a valuable antispasmodic. Dose, 1-5 
min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). hydrofluoric a., a 
gaseous, haloid acid, HF, extremely poisonous. 
The gas, much diluted with air, has been used as an 
inhalant in phthisis, hydro-fluo-silicic a., an 
acid, H2SiFe, formed by passing silicon tetrafluorid 
into water, hydro-para-cumaric a., an 
isomer of hydro-cumaric acid, sometimes found in 
the urine of dogs, hydroquinone-acetic a. 
See homogentisic a. hydrosulphuric a., an 
offensive gas, H2S, much used as a chemic reagent. 
For tuberculosis, the gas has been prescribed as a 
rectal injection and for inhalation, hydrosul- 
ghurous a. See thio-sulphuric a. hydroxy- 
utyric a. See beta-oxybutyric a. hydroxy- 
pentacosanic a. See cerebronic a. hydroxy- 
stearic a., a monohydroxy acid, CH3(CH2h- 
CHOH(CH2)sCOOH, found in castor oil. hydro- 
zosophalic a., a toxic agent obtainable from 
artificial salicylic acid, hydrurilic a., an acid, ACID 
31 
ACID 
C8H6N4O6.2H2O, obtained as the ammonium salt 
on bailing alloxantin with dilute sulphuric acid, 
hyoglycocholic a., an acid, C27H43NO5, occur- 
ring in the bile of pigs, hyotaurocholic a., 
an acid, C26H45NSO6, occurring in pigs' bile in the 
form of its sodium salt, hypobromous a., the 
acid, HBrO, forming hypobromites, which are used 
in testing for urea, hypochlorous a., the com- 
pound HC10, a disinfectant and bleaching agent. 
Its salts (hypochlorites) are somewhat in use as 
medicinal agents, hypogeic a., an unsaturated, 
fatty acid, CH3(CH2)7.CH: CH(CH2)5COOH, 
found in the oil of the peanut, Ar'achis hypoga'a. 
hyponitrous a., a monobasic acid, HNO. 
hypophosphorous a., the acid, H3PO2, form- 
ing hypophosphites, hypophosphorous a., 
dilute, a 10 per cent, solution of the acid in 
water: used like the hypophosphites. Dose, 
10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). hyposulphurous 
a., thiosulphuric acid. hypoxanthylic a., 
any nucleic acid containing hypoxanthin. ich- 
thulinic a., an acid derived from ichthulin by 
treating the latter with alkalis, ichthyol-sul- 
phonic a., an ichthyol derivative, which, with 
its salts, is serviceable in skin diseases and in gyne- 
cology. Its ammonium salt is commonly pre- 
scribed as ichthyol (q. v.). igasuric a., an acid 
found in St. Ignatius bean, indolacetic a., a 
compound occurring in the urine in minute quan- 
tities in pathologic conditions of the digestive tract, 
a decomposition product of tryptophan, indol- 
propionic a., a decomposition product of tryp- 
tophan. indoxylic a., an acid, C9H7NO3, formed 
by fusing its ethyl ester with caustic soda, in- 
doxylsulphonic a., an acid found in the urine 
as a potassium salt and known as indican (q. v.). 
inosinic a., a mononucleotid made up of hypo- 
xanthin, ribose, and phosphoric acid. It is one of 
the decomposition products of nucleic acid and is 
also found in muscle tissue, iodic a., a mono- 
basic acid, HIO3; its dilute solutions are alterative: 
used hypodermically, iodo-oxyquinolinsul- 
phonic a. Same as loretin. iodo-phenyl- 
arsenic a., a proposed substitute for atoxyl. It 
is similar to atoxyl, but the amino-group has been 
replaced with iodin, CgH4l.AsO(OH)2. iodo- 
salicylic a., an antipyretic, analgesic, and anti- 
septic compound, OH.CgH3I.COOH. Dose, 5-10 
gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.), iodosobenzoic a., an anti- 
septic agent, CgH4(IO)COOH, used like iodo- 
form. iridic a., an acid, CigH^Os, from orris 
root, isanic a., a crystalline acid, C14H20O2, from 
isano oil: a violent purgative, isethionic a., a 
thick, liquid, hydroxy-ethyl-sulphonic acid, CH2- 
(OH).CH2.SO2.OH, isomeric with ethyl-sulphuric 
acid; formed by the action of nitrous acid on 
taurine, isobilianic a., an acid, C24H34O8, de- 
rived along with bilianic acid by the oxidation of 
dehydrocholalic acid, isobutyl-amino-acetic 
a. Same as leucin. isobutyric a., an acid, 
(CHsl^CH.COOH, a product of putrefaction of 
proteid found in the urine, isodialuric a., an 
acid, C0.(NH.C0)2.CH0H, isomeric with dialuric 
acid and formed from oxyuracil by the action of 
bromin-water, isopentoic a. See isovalerianic 
a. isopropyl-amino-acetic a. See valin. 
isosaccharic a., an acid, COOH.CH(O).- 
(CHOH)2.CH.COOH, resulting from the oxidation 
of glucosamin with nitric acid, isosulphocy- 
anic a., isothiocyanic a., an acid, HNCS, 
whose salts are isosulphocyanates or isothiocy- 
anates. isouric a., an acid, NC.NH.CH.(CO.- 
NH)2C0, formed by the combination of cyanamid 
and alloxantin and which yields uric acid when 
boiled with hydrochloric acid, isovalerianic a., 
an acid, (CH.^CHC^COOH, of unpleasant odor, 
found in cheese, in the sweat of the feet, in the 
urine of small-pox, in typhus, and in acute yellow 
atrophy of the liver. Called also isopentoic a. 
jervic a., an acid, C14H10O12.2H2O, from Vera'- 
trum al'bum. kephalophosphoric a. See ceph- 
alophosphoric a. ketostearic a., an oxidized 
form of stearic acid, CHs(CH2)nCO(CH2)4COOH, 
found in mushrooms, kinic a. See quinic a. 
kino tannic a., the tannic acid of kino, kra- 
meric a. See ratanhiatannic a. kynurenic a. 
See cynurenic a. laccic a., a brownish-red, crys- 
talline compound, obtained from lac dye. lactic 
a., a monobasic acid, hydroxy-propionic acid, Cs- 
HeOs, alpha-hydroxy-propionic acid is known in 
three stereo-isomeric forms: (a) Dextro-lactic acid 
(para-lactic acid), CH2.CHOH.COOH, called also 
sarco-lactic acid because it occurs in flesh, can be 
obtained conveniently from beef extract, (6) Levo- 
lactic acid, CH>.CHOH.COOH, is produced by the 
fermentation of dextrose by micrococcus acidi 
levolactici. (c) Inactive, ethylidene, racemic or 
fermentation lactic acid, CH2.CHOH.COOH, is the 
ordinary kind found in sour milk, in the stomach, 
and in certain fermented foods, such as saur kraut, 
silage, etc. It is a syrupy fluid and is used as a 
solvent of the membrane in diphtheria and as a 
local application in tuberculous ulcers. Beta- 
hydroxy-propionic acid, CHOH.CH2.COOH, called 
also ethylene-lactic acid, is not found in the body, 
lactonic a., a crystallizable monobasic acid, CH2- 
0H.(CH0H)4.C00H, produced by the oxidation of 
milk-sugar, gum arabic, or galactose, lactucic 
a., a bitter principle from lactucarium. laricic 
a., larixinic a., a crystallizable acid, C10H10O5, 
from the bark of the European larch: called also. 
larixin. laricinolic a., an acid resin, C20H30O2, 
found in Venice turpentine, larinolic a., an 
amorphous acid resin, C18H26O2, forming one of the 
principal constituents of Venice turpentine, 
lauric a., lauro stearic a., a compound, C12H24- 
O2, from oil of laurel and other oils, leuconic a., 
a crystalline acid, C5O5 + 4H2O, obtained by oxid- 
izing croconic acid, levotartaric a., a form of 
tartaric acid which turns the plane of polarization 
to the left, levulinic a., an acid, CH3COCH2- 
CH2COOH, or 0-acetyl-propionic acid, from the 
nucleic acid of the thymus gland. It occurs in the 
form of hygroscopic scales, lignoceric a., an acid, 
C24H48O2, obtained from kerasin by hydrolysis, lig- 
nulmic a., a dark brown, crystalline acid, C54H28- 
Og, closely allied to ulmic acid, linoleic a., an un- 
saturated, fatty acid, C18H32O2. linolenic a., an 
unsaturated, fatty acid, C18H30O2, from linseed oil. 
lithobilic a., an acid derivable from various- 
bile-products, lithofellic a., an acid, C20H36O4, 
occurring in the intestinal concretions of ruminant 
animals, lysalbic a., a compound formed by 
treating egg-albumen with caustic alkali, lysuric 
a., an acid, CgHi2(COCgH5)2N2O2, obtained from 
lysin. maizenic a., a diuretic compound from 
the silk of Indian corn (Zea mays'). Dose, | gr. 
(0.008 gm.), maleic a., an unsaturated dibasic 
acid, (:CH.COOH)2. malic a., an acid, hydroxy- 
succinic acid, C00H.CH2.CH(0H).C00H, found 
in unripe and sour apples and in many other fruits. 
It has been prescribed for scurvy, and its iron salt, 
ferric malate, has been employed in medicine, 
malonic a., a crystalline dibasic acid, COOH.- 
CH2COOH, formed by oxidizing malic acid with 
chromium trioxid. mandelic a., an acid, phenyl- 
glycollic acid, C6H5.CHOH.COOH, from oil of 
bitter almonds. It is one of the constituents of 
homatropin, manganic a., an acid, H2MnO4, 
formed by fusing manganese dioxid with potassium 
or sodium hydroxid. mannitic a., a compound, 
CH2OH(CHOH)4-COOH, derived from mannitol 
by the action of platinum black, mannonic a., 
a compound, CH2OH(CHOH)4.COOH, formed by 
oxidizing mannose, margaric a. 1. An artificial 
fatty acid, CHs(CH2)i5.COOH. 2. The incorrect 
name of a mixture of stearic and palmitic acids, 
margosic a., an acid derived from the oil of the 
seeds of the margosa tree. With its salts (margo- 
sates) it is used in syphilis, meconic a., a white, 
crystalline acid, oxypyrome dicarboxylic acid, 
OH.CgHCXCOOH^, from opium: feebly narcotic, 
medullic a., a colorless compound, C20H41- 
COOH, found in beef-suet and beef-marrow, 
melanogallic a., an amorphous, tasteless com- 
pound, C6H4O2, formed by heating gallic or tannic ACID 
32 
ACID 
acid. Called also metagallic a. and gallhumic a. 
melassic a., a dark colored insoluble acid formed 
from cane-sugar by the action of caustic potash, 
melilotic a., an acid, phenol-propionic acid, 
OH.CgH4(CH2)2.COOH, from coumarin, melis- 
sic a., a crystalline fatty acid, CHsfCFD^COOH, 
from beeswax, mellitic a., benzene-hexacar- 
boxylic acid, Cg(COOH)6. mercapturic a., one 
of a series of acids formed in the body on the in- 
troduction of a halogen derivative of benzol. 
They are formed by combination with cystein. 
See bromphenyl mercapturic a. meso-tartaric 
a., an optically inactive form of tartaric acid by 
internal compensation, COOH(CHOH)2COOH. 
Called also antitartaric a. mesoxalic a., dihy- 
droxy-malonic acid, (OH)2C(COOH)2, an oxidation 
product of glycerol, meta-gallic a. See pyro- 
gallol. metaphosphoric a., a glassy solid sub- 
stance, HPO3, soluble in water: used as a test for 
albumin in the urine, metarsenic a., the acid, 
HAsOs, which forms metarsenates. meta-sac- 
charic a., a dibasic tetrahydroxy acid formed by 
the oxidation of mannitol. It is COOH(CHOH)4- 
COOH, and in the free state passes into a double 
lactone, metastannic a., there are two metas- 
tannic acids from the oxidation of tin; the alpha- 
acid is IDSnCMSnfOHh], the beta-acid is H2SnOs- 
[SnO(OH)2]. metatartaric a., one of the modi- 
fications of tartaric acid produced by heat, meta- 
vanadic a. See vanadic a. methionic a., an 
acid, CH2(SO2OH)2: used in the preparation of 
ether, methyl-hydantoic a., an acid, glycol- 
uric acid, NH2.CO.N(CH3).CH2.COOH, obtained 
by boiling creatin with barium hydroxid. methyl- 
amino-acetic a. Same as sarcosin. methyl- 
arsinic a., a white, crystalline compound, CH3.- 
AsO(OH)2, an organic derivative of arsenic, 
methylene-hippuric a., a compound readily 
giving off formaldehyd: used as an antiseptic, 
methyl-guanidin-acetic a. Same as creatin. 
methyl-phenylquinolincarboxylic a. See 
paratophan. molybdenic a., molybdic a., the 
acid, H2MOO4: used homeopathically, mon- 
atomic a., an acid containing one atom of re- 
placeable hydrogen, monamino a., mono- 
amino a., an organic acid which contains an NH2 
group, mono-aminodicarboxylic a., an acid 
containing one amino-group and two carboxyl- 
groups in the molecule. Glutamic acid is an ex- 
ample. mono-amino-mono-carboxylic a., 
an acid having one amino-group and one carboxyl- 
group in the molecule. Alanin is an example, 
monobasic a. See monatomic a. mono- 
chlor-acetic a., CH2CI.COOH. See chlor- 
acetic a. moritannic a., the tannic acid of fustic, 
Mo'rus tincto'ria, CiiHmOe. morphoxylacetic 
a., a narcotic agent, CnHigNOs.C.Hj.COOH: nar- 
cotic, only one-fiftieth as toxic as morphin. mor- 
rhuic a., an hydroxy acid, C9H13O3N, found in 
small quantities in cod-liver oil. mucic a., a tetra- 
hydroxy dibasic acid, COOH(CHOH)4COOH, pro- 
duced by oxidizing galactose or any carbohydrate 
containing galactose, such as milk-sugar, agar, 
galactitol, or the galactans, muconic a., a di- 
basic acid, COOH.(CH)4.COOH, found in the 
urine of dogs that have been given benzene, mu- 
riatic a., old name for hydrochloric acid, my- 
ristic a., an acid, CH3.(CH2)i2.COOH, found in 
spermaceti, nutmeg butter, and other fats under 
the'form of myristin. myronic a., a glucosid, 
C10H19NS2O10, found in black mustard: this acid, 
by the myrosin present, is changed into allyl mus- 
tard oil, glucose, and potassium sulphate on- the 
addition of water, naphthionic a., a white 
powder, naphthyl-amino-sulphonic acid, NH2.Cio- 
Hg.SQjOH, used in iodism and nitrite poisoning 
and in bladder diseases. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.), 
naphtholcarboxylic a., a white, crystalline 
substance, CioHb(OH)C02H: antiseptic and anti- 
parasitic. naphtholdisulphonic a., an acid, 
CioH.',(OH)(S02OH)2, derived from naphthol, 
naphtholsulphonic a., an acid, CioH6(OH)S02- 
OH, derived from naphthol, naphthylamin- 
sulphonic a. See naphthionic a. nastinic a., 
a fatty acid of high molecular weight found in 
nastin. neurostearic a., a fatty acid, CisHasOj, 
formed by the decomposition of phrenosin, found 
in cerebral tissue, nicotinic a., an acid, pyridin- 
carboxylic acid, CsthNfCOOH), produced by 
oxidizing nicotin. Nissl a., a compound occurring 
along with fibril acid in the neurofibrils. It is 
soluble in acidified water and in ammonia. See 
fibril a. nitric a., a colorless liquid, HNO3, ex- 
tremely caustic and escharotic, decomposing most 
organic substances, and combining with bases to 
form nitrates. Official nitric acid contains 68 per 
cent, of pure acid; dilute nitric acid, 10 per cent.; 
and crude nitric acid, 61 per cent. Nitric acid is 
used as a caustic for ulcers, chancres, nasal growths, 
etc., and in solution of from 1 to 6 per cent, as an 
astringent and stimulant. It is used internally as a 
stomachic and hepatic stimulant. Dose, 3-15 min. 
(0.2-1 c.c.). Fuming nitric acid is a brownish liquid 
giving off a suffocating vapor, and composed of 
the lower oxids of nitrogen, nitro-ferro-cyanic 
a., a complex cyano-acid, H2[Fe(NO)Cy6], formed 
by the action of nitric acid on potassium ferro- 
cyanid. 11 is used as a salt in several tests, nitro- 
hydrochloric a., a yellowish mixture of nitric 
and hydrochloric acids and water: used in affec- 
tions of the liver. Dose, 1-10 min. (0.066-0.666 
c.c.): used diluted. Called also nitromuriatic 
a. nitrohydrochloric a., dilute, a dilu- 
tion of the preceding in 78 parts of water to the 
100. Dose, 5-20 min. (0.333-1.333 c.c.). nitro- 
muriatic a. See nitrohydrochloric a. nitro- 
prussic a. See nitro-ferro-cyanic a. nitrous a., 
an unstable compound having the formula HNO2. 
nucleic a., an acid obtained from nuclein and 
nucleoproteins. It is a tetranucleotid, i. e., it is 
made up of tour mononucleotids (q. v.). It is also 
a union of phosphoric acid with four glucosids or 
pentosids in which are the four bases: adenin, 
guanin, cytosin, and uracil, nucleinic a. See 
nucleic a. nucleothyminic a., a patented yel- 
lowish-white powder prepared from the pancreas of 
the calf or from nucleic acid: used therapeutically, 
cenanthylic a. See enanthylic a. oleic a., a 
colorless, liquid, unsaturated, fatty acid, CH3- 
(CH2)7CH : CH(CH2)7COOH, which is a constit- 
uent of most of the common fats and oils. It is 
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether. 
It forms oleates, oleophosphoric a., a viscid 
yellow fluid, CvgHusPOio, occurring in the brain 
and believed to be a product of the decomposition 
of lecithin, opianic a., a compound, C10H10O5, 
obtained from narcotin. organic a., any acid 
the radical of which is a carbon derivative; a com- 
pound in which a hydrocarbon radical is united to 
carboxyl, COOH. ornithuric a., an acid, 
C6H5.CO.NH(CH2)3.CH.NH.CO.C6H5, or diben- 
zoylornithin, occurring in the urine of birds fed on 
benzoic acid, orotic a., an acid, C5H11N2O4.- 
2H2O, of unknown constitution, found in milk, 
orsellinic a., a crystalline acid, CgHsth, from 
certain lichens, ortho-aminosalicylic a., a 
grayish powder, CeH3(NH2)(OH)COOH, used in 
chronic rheumatism. Dose, 3-7 gr. (0.2-0.5 gm.), 
ortho-arsenic a. See arsenic a. ortho-boric 
a. See boric a. ortho-oxybenzoic a., salicylic 
acid, orthophosphoric a., the ordinary phos- 
phoric acid, H3PO4. orylic a., an acid, CisH®- 
O5N4, obtained by boiling carniferrin with baryta- 
water. oshaic a., a principle resembling angelic 
acid, and found in osha. osmic a. 1. A dibasic 
acid, H2OsO4, forming salts called osmates. 2. 
(Incorrectly so called.) The perosmic anhydrid, a 
crystalline, odorous compound, OsO4, used as a 
caustic, a stain for fats, and an analgesic remedy. 
Dose, gr. (0.00108 gm.). For the use of osmic 
acid as a stain, see stains, table of. oxalic a., a 
poisonous, crystalline, dibasic acid, (COOH)2 + 
2H2O: used as a disinfectant for the hands of 
surgeons, in pharmacy, the arts, and as a chemic 
reagent. Lime is the best antidote for oxalic acid 
poisoning. Dose for amenorrhea, gr. (0.0333- ACID 
33 
ACID 
0.048 gm.), oxaluric a., a crystallizable acid, 
NH2.CO.NH.CO.COOH, found in healthy urine, 
oxamic a., it is the mono-amid of oxalic acid; a 
monobasic crystalline acid, NH2.CO.COOH. oxy- 
a., an acid that contains oxygen, oxyacetic a., 
glycoIlic acid, oxyamydalic a., oxyformo- 
benzoylic a., a crystalline compound, parahy- 
droxyphenylglycolic acid, OH.CeH4.CHOH.COOH, 
sometimes occurring in the urine in acute yellow 
atrophy of the liver, oxybenzoic a. See sali- 
cylic a. oxybutyric a., a poisonous acid, CH3- 
CHOHCH2COOH, sometimes occurring in the 
urine in diabetes and sometimes in the blood. It 
frequently occurs in several isomeric forms, oxy- 
carnic a., an acid, C30H41N9O15, derived from 
carnic acid, oxygen a., an acid which contains 
oxygen, oxylic a., an acid, C18H28N4O8, from 
carniferrin. oxymandelic a. Same as oxy- 
amygdalic a. oxynaphthoic a., an acid, alpha- 
naphthol-carboxylic acid, OH.CioHg.COOH; a 
naphthylene homologue of salicylic, acid, oxy- 
naphthyl-ortho-oxytoluylic a. Same as 
epicarin. oxyphenylacetic a. See para-oxy- 
phenylacetic a. oxyphenylaminopropionic 
a. Same as tyrosin. oxypropionic a. See 
lactic a. oxyproteic a., a nitrogenous sub- 
stance of unknown constitution, perhaps a peptid, 
sometimes found in the urine, oxyproteinic a., 
a compound, occurring in normal urine, oxy- 
protonic a., an acid formed by oxidizing pro- 
teins. Called also oxyprotosulphonic a. oxy- 
toluic a. See cresotinic a. palmitic a., a fatty 
acid, CH3(CH2)i4COOH, found in most of the 
common fats and oils, palmitolic a., an acid, 
isomeric with linoleic acid (q. v.). parabanic a., 
a solid acid, C0(NH.C0)2, derivable from uric 
acid by oxidation, paracresotic a., an anti- 
pyretic substance, oxy toluic acid, CHs.CgHsfOH).- 
COOH. Its sodium salt is an antipyretic: used in 
rheumatism of children. Dose, 2-120 gr. (0.133- 
8 gm.), paraffinic a., an acid, C24H48O2, formed 
when paraffin is oxidized with strong nitric acid, 
parahydroxybenzoic a., an acid isomeric with 
salicylic acid, produced by boiling phenol with 
carbon tetrachlorid. parahydroxyphenylgly- 
colic a., an acid, OH.C?H4.CHOH.COOH, de- 
rived from tyrosin by deaminization and oxidation. 
It is found in the urine at times, para-iodo- 
phenyl-arsenic a., a colorless crystalline com- 
pound, C6H4I.AsO(OH)2. paralactic a. See 
under lactic a. paranucleic a., any one of a set 
of nucleic acids from which no nuclein bases are 
derivable, para-oxyhydratropic a., an acid, 
OH.C6H4.CH(CH3).COOH; a constituent of phlo- 
retin. para-oxyphenyl-acetic a., an acid, 
OH.CeH4.CH2.COOH, derived from tyrosin by 
putrefactive changes in the intestines and some- 
times found in the urine, para-oxyphenyl- 
propionic a., an acid, OH.C6H4(CH2)2COOH, 
sometimes found in the urine, para-phenol-sul- 
phonic a., an acid, OH.C6H4.SO2OH, produced 
by heating phenol with sulphuric acid. It is called 
also sulphocarbolic a. pararosolic a., peonin. 
parasaccharic a., a dibasic acid, COOH- 
(CHOH)4COOH, obtained when glycyrrhizic acid 
is hydrolysed. It is isomeric with saccharic 
acid, paratartaric a. Same as racemic a. 
parillic a. Same as parillin. pectic a., 
a compound, C28H20O26, found in many fruits, 
and having the property of forming jelly, pel- 
argonic a., a normal fatty acid, CHs(CH2)7- 
COOH, found in oil of the garden geranium 
(pelargonium) and other plants, peptohydro- 
chloric a., the acid supposed to be formed by 
the combination of pepsin and dilute hydrochloric 
acid: called also chloropeptic a. and pepsin hydro- 
chloric a. perboric a., an oxidized form of boric 
acid, HBO3.4H2O. periodic a., a series of acids 
are formed by the union of different amounts of 
water with periodic anhydrid (I2O7) varying from 
HIO4 to H7IO7. permanganic a., a monobasic 
acid, HMnO4. Its salts are permanganates, per- 
osmic a., a yellow, crystalline, acid anhydrid, 
OsO4, with suffocating odor. It is used as an anti- 
neuralgic in sciatica, a discutient in tumors, and 
an antiepileptic. Dose, fa gr. (o.ooi gm.), per- 
oxyprotonic a., a compound produced by oxid- 
izing oxyprotonic acid, persulphuric a., an 
oxidized form, H2S2O8, of sulphuric acid, phen- 
aceturic a., a crystalline compound, CH2.NH- 
(CH2.CeH5.CO)COOH, found in the urine of her- 
bivorous animals and sometimes in that of man. 
phenolsulphonic a., aseptol. phenylacetic 
a., a crystalline acid, CeH5.CH2.COOH, formed in 
the putrefaction of proteins. It is of limited thera- 
peutic use. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.66-0.2 gm.), phenyl- 
aminopropionic a., one of the amino-acids 
that are constituents of the protein molecule and 
that appear when protein is digested or hvdrolyzed. 
It is C6H5CH2.CH(NH2).COOH. phenylcin- 
choninic a. See atophan. phenylethylbar- 
bituric a., Luminal, phenylglycolic a. See 
mandelic a. phenylglycuronic a., a compound 
of phenol and glycuronic acid, CsHs.O.CO.- 
(CH0H)4.CH0. found in the urine after the in- 
gestion of phenol, phenylhydrazinlevulinic 
a., antithermin. phenylic a. See carbolic a. 
phenylmercapturic a. See bromphenylmer- 
capturic a. phenyloboric a., a white powder, 
CeHo.B(OH)2, used as a germicide, phenylpro- 
pionic a. See hydrocinnamic a. phenylsali- 
cylic a., a white powder, CeHsfOHXCcHslCOOH: 
used as an antiseptic dusting-powder, phenyl- 
sulphonic a. Same as aseptol. phloretic a. 
See para-oxyhydratropic a. phosphocarnic a., 
an acid consisting of carnic acid united with phos- 
phorus, found in muscle, blood, and milk. Called 
also nucleon, phosphoglyceric a. See glycero- 
phosphoric a. phosphomolybdic a., an acid, 
H3PO4.12MOO3 + H2O, important as being a pre- 
cipitant for all the alkaloids, phosphoric a., a 
crystalline acid, H3PO4, formed by the oxidation 
of phosphorus. The ordinary phosphoric acid of 
the pharmacopeia is an 85 per cent, aqueous solu- 
tion. Dilute phosphoric acid is a 10 per cent, solu- 
tion. The latter is used in dyspepsia, rickets, 
caries, and phosphaturia. Dose, 30 min. (2 c.c.). 
See also metaphosphoric a., pyrophosphoric a. 
phosphoric a., glacial. See metaphosphoric a. 
phosphorous a., the acid, H3PO3, whose salts 
are called phosphites, phosphotungstic a., 
an acid, H3PO4.12WO3, used in preparing histologic 
stains and in testing for ptomains. phrenosinic 
a., an acid, C25H60O3, obtained from phrenosin by 
hydrolysis, phthalic a., a crystalline dibasic 
acid, benzene dicarboxylic acid, Ce^fCOOHX, 
formed by oxidizing naphthaline, phyllocyanic 
a., a compound, homologous with bilirubin, 
formed by treating chlorophyl with hydrochloric 
acid, physetoleic a., an unsaturated acid, Cw- 
H30O2, from seal oil. picramic a., an acid found 
in tne blood after poisoning with picric acid, form- 
ing red granules, free or in the leukocytes. It is' 
monamino dinitro phenol, NH2.C6H2(NO2)2.OH. 
picric a., a yellow, crystalline acid, Ce^fNChh- 
OH, or trinitrophenol, resulting from the action of 
nitric acid on indigo, salicin, phenol, etc. It is 
used as a dye, a test, and a fixing agent, as an ex- 
plosive, and in medicine as an antiperiodic and an- 
thelmintic, and is useful in erysipelas. Dose, 1-5 
gr. (0.065-0.333 gm.). Called also carbazotic 
a. picric-nitric a., an agent used as a fixing 
agent in histologic work, picropodophyllic 
a., a resinous acid derivable from podophyllo- 
toxin. picrosulphuric a., a substance used as 
a fixing agent in histologic work, pimaric a., an 
acid resin, C20H30O2, soluble in sodium hydroxid 
solution and forming 8 to 10 per cent, of European 
turpentine, pimarinic a., an acid resin, C14- 
H22O2, soluble in ammonium carbonate solution and 
forming 6 to 8 per cent, of European turpentine, 
pimarobic a., an acid resin, CigIWh, soluble in 
sodium hydroxid solution and forming 48 to 50 
per cent, of European turpentine, piperic a., 
piperidic a., a crystalline unsaturated acid, 
dioxymethylenylacrylic acid, C^CVCgHa.fCH^.- ACID 
34 
ACID 
COOH, formed when piperin is boiled with alco- 
holic potassium hydroxid. pipitzahoic a., a 
golden yellow compound, CigHig(OH)O2, found in 
the root of Trixis pipitzahuac: used as a purgative 
in 3-5 gr. (o.2-0.3 gm.) doses, pivalic a. See 
valerianic a. Called also aurum vegetabile. plas- 
minic a., an acid obtained by splitting up nucleic 
acids. 11 may be decomposed into phosphoric acid 
and nucleic bases, platinochloric a. See Ay- 
drochloroplatinic a. podophyllic a., a principle 
contained in podophyllum: medicinally inert, 
polygalic a. Same as senegin. propiolic a., 
an unsaturated fatty acid, CH : C.COOH, called 
also propargylic a. propionic a., an acid, 
CH3.CH2.COOH, found in chyme and in sweat, 
and one of the products of alcoholic and propionic 
fermentation. propionylsalicylic a., the 
salicylic ester of propionic acid, CH3.CH2.CO.O.- 
C6H4.COOH. It is antirheumatic and antipodag- 
ric. protic a., an acid derived from the albu- 
minous constituents of fish muscle, protocate- 
chuic a., dioxybenzoic acid, (OH^CgHs.COOH, 
sometimes found in the urine, prussic a. Same 
as hydrocyanic a. punicotannic a., the tannic 
acid of pomegranate root, purpuric a., a com- 
pound, CsHgNgOg, formed by the action of nitric 
acid upon alloxan. It does not exist in a free state, 
pyridin-tricarboxylic a., an antiseptic, anti- 
pyretic, and antispasmodic agent, CgHgNfCOOHjs, 
useful in asthma and in malarial and other fevers. 
Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.), pyroarsenic 
a., the acid, H4AS2O7, forming pyroarsenates, 
pyroboric a., a dibasic acid, H2B4O7, obtained 
by heating boric acid, pyrocatechuic a., an 
acid formerly thought to be concerned in the 
reaction of alkapton urine, pyrocholesteric a., 
a compound, CnHigOr, formed by the action of 
potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid on cholalic 
acid, pyrocinchonic a., an acid, dimethyl- 
maleic acid, (CH3.C.COOH)2, known as an anhy- 
drid which is formed when cinchonic acid is heated 
and by its salts, pyrocitric a. Same as citaconic 
a. pyrogallic a. See pyrogallol, pyrolidin 
carboxylic a. See proline, pyroligneous a., 
a dark brown liquid obtained by the distillation 
of wood: its acid constituent is mainly acetic acid, 
pyrophosphoric a., a crystalline acid, H4P2O7; 
its salts are pyropnosphates. pyroracemic a., a 
colorless liquid, ketonic acid, CH3CO.CO2H, with 
an odor like acetic acid, formed by the dry distilla- 
tion of racemic or tartaric acid; called also pyruvic 
a. pyrosulphuric a., an acid, H2SO4SO3, a 
compound of sulphuric and sulphur trioxid. py- 
rotartaric a., an acid, methvl-succinic acid, 
COOH.CH2.CH(CH3)COOH, produced in the dry 
distillation of tartaric acid, pyruvic a. See pyro- 
racemic a. quercitannic a., the tannic acid of 
oak bark, CnHigOg, differing in its properties 
slightly from ordinary tannic acid, quillac a., 
an acid from commercial saponin. It is said to be 
poisonous when injected hypodermically, quinal- 
dinic a., a crystalline acid, CgHgNfCC^H). 
quinic a., an acid, hexa-hydro tetra oxybenzoic 
acid, CgHjfOHhCOOH, found in cinchona bark, 
quininic a., a crystalline acid, CgHjfO.CHs)- 
N(C02H), formed by oxidizing quinin and quinidin. 
quinotannic a., a variety of tannic acid from 
cinchona bark, quinovic a., a crystalline sub- 
stance from cinchona: it is feebly tonic, racemic 
a., a mixture of dextrotartaric and levotartaric 
acids. It is optically inactive, ratanhiatannic 
a., the tannic acid of ratany. Called also krameric 
a. rheic a. See chrysophanic a. rheotannic 
a. , the tannic acid of rhubarb, C2gH2gOn. rheu- 
mic a., an acid, C20H16O9, derivable from rheo- 
tannic acid, rhodanic a., a yellow crystalline 
cyclic compound, CO.NH.CO.S.CH2, prepared 
from ammonium dithio-carbamate, ricinoleic a., 
an unsaturated oxyacid, CH3(CH2)s.CHOH.CH2.- 
CH : CH(CH2)?.C00H, found as a glycerid in 
castor oil. It may be the cathartic principle in 
castor oil. rosacic a., purpurin, rosolic a., 
an indicator, (Cg^OHJj.C : CgH4 :0, with a Ph 
range of 6.8 to 8, being yellow at 6.8 and red at 8. 
rufigallic a., a brownish, crystalline acid, C24H8- 
Og -j- 2H2O, derived from anthracene, rutic a., 
a fatty acid, C10H20O2, whose salts are called 
rotates, sabinenic a., an acid, CioH)603, de- 
rivable from sabinene by oxidation, saccharic 
a. 1. A dibasic acid, C00H.(CH0H)4C0.0H, 
formed by the action of nitric acid on dextrose or 
carbohydrates containing dextrose. 2. A mono- 
basic acid, CgH^Og, or tetraoxycaproic acid, not 
existing in the free state, saccbaronic a., an 
acid, methyl-trihydroxyglutaric acid, CH3.C(OH)- 
(COOH)(CHOH;2COOH, formed by the oxidation 
of saccharin (2) with nitric acid, salicylacetic 
a. See salicylo-acetic a. salicylic a., a crystal- 
line acid, OH.C6H4.COOH, made from phenol, 
from oil of gaultheria, from salicin, etc. It is anti- 
pyretic, antiseptic, and antirheumatic, and is used 
in rheumatism, particularly acute articular rheu- 
matism, neuralgia, sciatica, etc., locally in rheu- 
matic joints, pruritus, eczema, stomatitis, etc., and 
as an antiseptic. It is dangerous and even fatal in 
overdoses. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.), 
salicylo-acetic a., a compound, CgHgOs, used 
as an antiseptic, salicylosalicylic a. See 
diplosal. salicylous a. See salicylic aldehyd, 
under aldehyd. salicyl-sulphonic a. See 
sodium sulphosalicylate, under sodium, salicyl- 
uric a., an acid, CH2.NH2.CO.O.C6H4.COOH, 
found in urine after the exhibition of salicylic acid, 
salolphosphinic a. Same as solvosal. san- 
talinic a., a crystalline compound from oil of 
sandalwood, produced by oxidation with solution 
of potassium permanganate, santonic a., the 
acid, C15H20O4, from santonica. santoninic a., 
santonin, sarcolactic a. See lactic a. sar- 
cylic a. Same as inosinic a. sclerotic a., 
sclerotinic a., an acid found in ergot, of which 
it is one of the active principles. It is sometimes 
used hypodermically as a substitute for ergot. 
Dose, |-i| gr. (0.033-0.1 gm.), sebacic a., a 
crystalline dibasic acid, C00H.(CH2)gC00H, de- 
rivable from olein and various fixed oils, selenic 
a., a clear liquid, H2SeO4, resembling sulphuric 
acid, selenious a. 1. An acid, H2SeO3, forming 
selenites. 2. Less correctly, selenium oxid, SeCh. 
silicic a. 1. An acid of which silicon is the base, 
forming silicates. It is of several kinds, as ortho- 
silicic acid, H4SiO4; metasilicic acid, H2SiO3; and 
parasilicic acid, HeSiOg. 2. Less correctly, silica, 
SiO2, or silicic anhydrid. silicotungstic a., 
an acid, i2WO3SiC>2 + 2H2O, in white or yel- 
low crystals: used as a reagent for alkaloids, 
skatol carboxylic a., a compound, CgHs- 
(CH3)N.COOH, formed during the putrefaction 
of proteins, skatoxyl-sulphuric a., an acid, 
CgHgN.O.SOsH, found in the urine in the form 
of its potassium salt. sorbic a., an acid, 
CH3.(CH)4.COOH, found in berries of mountain- 
ash. sozoiodolic a. Same as sozoiodol. so- 
zolic a. Same as aseptil. spermanucleic a., 
nucleic acid from the spermatozoa of various ani- 
mals. sphacelinic a., a poisonous substance 
from ergot, sphingostearic a., a fatty acid, 
CigHseCh, probably an isomer of stearic acid ob- 
tained from sphingomyelinic acid by hydrolysis, 
stannic a., a gelatinous compound, H2SnO3. 
stearic a., an acid, CH3(CH2)i6COOH, from the 
solid animal fats, stearoleic a., an unsaturated 
fatty acid, CH3(CH2)6C i CfCILhCOOH, from 
oleic and elaidic acids, suberic a., a dibasic 
fatty acid, C00H(CH2)eC00H, obtained from 
cork by boiling it with nitric acid, succinic a., 
an acid, ethylene-dicarboxylic acid, COOH(CH2>2- 
COOH, from amber, etc.; found in certain hydatid 
cysts; it is diuretic, antispasmodic, and stimulant, 
sudoric a., an acid, CfiHgOrN, said to exist in 
perspiration; called also hidrolic a. and hidrotic a. 
sulphacetic a. Same as aspirin, sulpha- 
minic a., an amino-sulphonic acid, NH2 SO2OH, 
at one time used in the treatment of cholera, sul- 
phanilic a., a white, crystalline compound, 
para-amino benzene sulphonic acid, NH2.C6H4.- ACID 
35 
ACID 
SQ2.OH.2H2O: used in Ehrlich's test for typhoid 
fe^er. sulphichthyolic a., an acid from ich- 
thyol. Its salts have been found useful in diseases 
of the urinary organs. Dose, i| gr. (0.1 gm.), 
sulphindigotic a., an acid, Ci6H8(SO2.OH)2N2- 
O2, produced by the action of sulphuric acid upon 
indigo blue, sulpho-a., an acid in which oxygen 
or carbon is replaced by sulphur, sulpho-am- 
inolactic a. Same as cystein. sulphocarbolic 
a. Same as aseplol. sulphoconjugate a., the 
compound sulphuric acid formed in the urine after 
the ingestion of cresol, phenol, etc. sulphocy- 
anic a. See thiocyanic a. sulpho-ichthyolic 
a. Same as sulphichthyolic a. sulpholeic a., a 
colorless compound, CH3(CH2)i5.CH(SO2OH).- 
COOH, formed by the action of concentrated sul- 
phuric acid upon oleic acid; called also stearin- 
sulphuric a. sulphonic a., a compound of SO2- 
OH, with another radical, especially a hydrocarbon, 
sulphoricinic a., an acid derived from castor 
oil by the action of sulphuric acid, sulpho- 
ricinoleic a., an acid formed by treating castor 
oil with sulphuri^ acid. sulphosalicylic a. See 
sodium sulphosalicylate, under sodium, sulpho- 
vinic a., ethyl-sulphuric acid, C2H6.HSO4, formed 
by the action of sulphuric acid in alcohol, sul- 
phuric a., an oily, highly caustic, and poisonous 
acid, H2SO4. It is used very extensively in chem- 
istry and the arts; of value in lead-colic, night- 
sweats, etc., and as an astringent in diarrhea and 
colic. Aromatic sulphuric acid contains 20 parts 
of the acid to 60 of alcohol, with aromatics. Dose, 
5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.). Concentrated sulphuric 
acid contains 93 to 98 per cent, of pure acid. 
Dilute sulphuric acid contains 10 to 15 per cent, 
of pure acid. Dose, 5-20 min. (0.33-T.25 c.c.). 
sulphuric a., fuming. See pyrosulphuric a. 
sulphurous a. 1. A dibasic acid, H2SO3, pro- 
duced by combining sulphurous anhydrid, a gas, 
SO2, with water. Its salts are called sulphites. It 
is a bleaching agent, and is used as an antiseptic 
in fermentative dyspepsia and in skin diseases. 
Dose, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.) in water. 2. An 
incorrect name for sulphurous anhydrid, SO2, a 
colorless gas: disinfectant and a bleaching agent, 
sulphydric a. See hydrosulphuric a. tannic 
a., a white or yellowish astringent powder, C14H10- 
O9, probably a digallic acid; from nutgalls, tan- 
bark, and many other plants. It is valuable as a 
hemostatic, styptic, and astringent. Dose, 2-10 
gr. (0.13-0.65 gm.), tartaric a., a white powder 
from the lees of wine and from various plants, di- 
hydroxy-ethylene-succinic acid, COOH(CHOH)2- 
COOH, It is refrigerant and astringent. Dose, 
10-40 gr. (0.6-2.6 gm.). It is known in four forms: 
(a) ordinary or dextro-tartaric acid; (b) levo-tartaric 
acid, these two are so called because their solutions 
rotate the plane of polarized light to the right and 
the left respectively; (c) racemic acid, a mixture of 
(a) and (&), and hence optically inactive, and (d) 
mesotartaric acid, optically inactive from internal 
compensation, tartronic a., a dibasic acid, 
COOH.CHOH.COOH, produced by the oxidation 
of glycerol, tauro-carbamic a., the form in 
which taurin when fed is excreted in the urine. It 
is taurin paired with carbamic acid: NH2.CO.NH- 
(CHP2.SO2OH. taurocholeic a., an acid ob- 
tained from the bile of the dog and ox. tauro- 
cholic a., one of the principal bile acids, C26H45- 
NSO7; when hydrolyzed it splits into taurin and 
cholic acid, taurylic a., a compound, C7H14O, 
found in urine, telluric a., an acid, H2TeO4. 
teracrylic a., an unsaturated acid,CH3(CH2)2CH: 
CH.CH2.COOH. terebic a., a monobasic acid, 
C7H10O4, from oxidizing turpentine, testicular- 
nucleic a., an acid derivable from testicular 
nuclein, tetraboric a. See pyroboric a. tetro- 
donic a., a poisonous acid from various fishes of 
the genus Tetrodon. thapsic a., an acid said to 
occur in Thap'sia gargan'ica. thebolactic a., 
the lactic acid found in opium, therapic a., a 
member of the oleo-acid group, C17H26O2, from cod- 
liver oil. thioaminopropionic a. See cystein. 
thiocyanic a., an unstable acid, HCNS. It 
forms salts called thiocyanates or sulphocyanids 
which give a blood-red color with ferric salts, 
thiolactic a., an acid, CH3CH(SH)COOH, de- 
rived from keratin. It is also a decomposition 
product of horn, thiolinic a., a derivative of 
sulphur and of linseed oil, prescribed in skin dis- 
eases. ■ See thiolin. thiopyruvic a., one of the 
intermediary _ products in the metabolism of 
cystein, thiosulphuric a., a very unstable 
acid, H2S2O3, not known in the free state, but it 
forms salts called thiosulphates. The sodium salt 
is the photographers' "hypo." thiuretic a., a 
colorless or yellowish liquid produced when phos- 
phorous pentoxid acts on acetic acid. It is thio- 
acetic acid, CH3.CO.SH. thymic a., an acid 
derivable from the nucleic acid obtained from the 
thymus gland, thyminic a., an acid formed by 
the splitting up of thymonucleic acid. Sulphuric 
acid changes it into thymin. thymonucleic a., 
the nucleic acid obtained from the thymus gland, 
tiglic a., an unsaturated acid, methyl crotonic 
acid, CH3.CH : C(CH3).COOH, found in croton 
oil. toluic a., xylene is oxidized to toluic acid, 
CH3.C6H4.COOH, paired with glycine, and excreted 
in the urine as toluric acid, toxicodendric 
a., a volatile acid from Rhus toxicoden'dron, sup1 
posed to be poisonous, triatomic a., an acid 
that has three replaceable acid atoms or groups, 
triazoic a., a strong monobasic acid, N3H, 
Called also hydrazoic or hydronitric acid or azo- 
imid. It is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant 
odor; it is explosive and forms salts that are called 
hydrazoates, azides, or trinitrides, trichlorace- 
tic a., a caustic crystalline substance, CC13.- 
COOH, used as an astringent in nasopharyngeal 
diseases, gonorrhea, etc., as an escharotic in 
warts, corns, etc., and as a test for albumin. Dose, 
2-4 gr. (0.133-0.266 gm.), tricyanic a., a crys- 
talline acid, cyanuric acid, C3N3(OH)3, formed 
when urea is heated dry. trihydroxybenzoic 
a. See gallic a. trimethylamino-acetic a., a 
methylated glycocoll, OH(CH3)3N.CH2.COOH. 
Its anhydrid is betaine, triticonucleic a., the 
nucleic acid of the wheat embryo, tropic a., a 
crystalline acid, phenylhydracrylic acid, CeHj- 
CH(CH2OH)COOH, obtained from atropin by di- 
gesting it with baryta-water. tuberculinic 
a., a nucleic acid obtained from fat-free tubercle 
bacilli decomposed by superheated steam, and 
said to be the toxic principle of the bacilli, tu- 
menol sulphonic a. See under tumenol. ul- 
mic a., a gummy acid, C20H14O6, from elm-sap, 
peat, and other sources, umbellic a., dioxy- 
cinnamic acid, (OH)2C6H3(CH)2COOH. umbelli- 
feric a., an acid derivable from asafetida, and 
other fetid gum-resins, uramilic a., an acid, 
C8H9N5O2, obtained by treating uramil with sul- 
phuric acid, uramino-acetic a., glycoluric acid, 
uramino-benzoic a., an acid found in the urine 
after the ingestion of amino-benzoic acid. This 
last is paired with carbamic acid, giving NH2- 
CO.NH.C6H4.COOH. uric a., a crystallizable 
acid, trioxypurin, C5H4N4O3, from the urine of- 
man and animals, being one of the products of 
nuclein metabolism. It is nearly insoluble in water, 
alcohol, and ether, but soluble in solutions of al- 
kaline salts. It forms a large portion of certain 
calculi, and its presence in the blood causes morbid 
symptoms, among which are those of gout, urine 
a., tartaric acid, urobenzoic a., hippuric acid, 
urocanic a., an acid, iminazolyl-acrylic acid, C3- 
H3N2(CH)2COOH, found in dogs' urine, uro- 
chloralic a., urochloric a., an acid, C14H12- 
Cl2Oi2-[C7Hi2Cl2Oe], found in the urine after the 
exhibition of chloral, uroferric a., a little-known 
protein (?) substance found in urine, uroleucic 
a., uroleucinic a., a crystalline acid, C9H10O5, 
found in the urine in alkaptonuria, uroproteic 
a., a constituent of dogs' urine, uroxanic a., 
an oxidized form of uric acid, uvitic a., a 
crystalline acid, methyl-iso-phthalic acid, CH3.Ce- 
lls.(COOH)2, obtained by oxidizing mesitylene. ACIDALBUMIN 
36 
ACNE 
valerianic a., valeric a., an organic acid found 
in the roots of Valeriana officianalis and Angelica 
archangelica, and which may be synthesized in 
various ways. There are four valeric acids: (a) 
normal valeric acid, CH3(CH2)3COOH, (6) iso- 
valeric acid, (CH^.CH.CHj.COOH, (c) methyl- 
ethyl-acetic acid, CH3(C2H5).CH.COOH, and (d) 
trimethyl-acetic acid (pivalic acid), (CH3)3.C.- 
COOH. The salts are medicinal, vanadic a., 
an acid, HVO3, formed by the oxidation of vana- 
dium. It may cause chronic poisoning in certain 
industries, vanillic a., an acid, methyl-proto- 
catechuic acid, CH3.O.C6H3(OH)COOH, obtained 
by the oxidation of vanillin, veratric a., a white, 
crystalline acid, dimethyl-oxybenzoic acid, (CH3.- 
OhCgHa.COOH, found in sabadilla seeds, vibur- 
nic a., acid from bark of Viburnum prunifolium, 
identical with valerianic acid (q. v.). vulpic a., 
vulpinic a., a yellow, crystalline acid, C19H14O5, 
from the lichen, Cetra'ria vulpi'na. xanthic a., 
an oily liquid, CgHeOSj, with a penetrating odor, 
formed by the action of sulphuric acid on potassium 
xanthate, xanthoproteic a., a yellow com- 
pound obtained by treating protein with nitric 
acid, xanthylic a., one of the nucleic acids, 
xanthylicnucleic a., a nucleic acid which may 
be made to afford xanthin. xylic a., a crystalline 
acid, dimethyl-benzoic acid, (CH3)2C6H3.COOH. 
xylidic a., a dibasic acid, methyl-iso-phthalic 
acid, CH3.C6H3.(COOH)2. 
acidalbumin (as-id-al'bu-min). A protein which 
dissolves in acids and shows an acid reaction. 
acidaminuria (as"id-am-in-u're-ah). An excess 
of amino-acids in the urine. 
acidemia, acidsemia (as-id-e'me-ah) [acid 4- Gr. 
alpa blood]. Abnormal acidity of the blood; in- 
creased hydrogen-ion concentration of the blood. 
acid-fast (as'id-fast). Not readily decolorized by 
acids or other means when stained. 
acid-gland. One of the gastric glands which 
secrete the acid of the gastric juice. 
acidifiable (as-id'if-i-ab-1). Susceptible of being 
made acid. 
acidimeter (as-id-im'et-er) [L. ac'idum acid 4- Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument used in per- 
forming acidimetry. 
acidimetry (as-id-im'et-re). The determination 
of the amount of free acid in a solution. 
acidism, acidismus (as'id-izm, as-id-iz'mus). A 
condition due to introduction into the body of 
acids from outside. 
acidity (as-id'it-e) [L. acid'Has]. The quality of 
being acid or sour; excess of an acid. a. of the 
stomach, a condition attended with heartburn, 
acid eructations, and a feeling of distress in the 
region of the stomach. 
acidol (as'id-ol). Betain hydrochlorid, CIN(CH3)3- 
CH2CO2H, a colorless crystalline compound, em- 
ployed as a means of administering hydrochloric 
acid. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
acidology (as-id-ol'o-je) [Gr. axis bandage 4- Xoyos 
treatise]. The science of surgical appliances. 
acidophil, acidophile (as-id'o-fi!) [L. ac'idum acid 
4- Gr. ytXeiy to love]. 1. Easily stained by acid 
dyes; an element or substance that is readily stained 
with acid dyes. 2. An organism that grows well in 
highly acid media. 
acidophilic, acidophilous (as-id-o-fil'ik, as-id- 
of'il-us). 1. Readily stained with acid dyes. 2. 
Growing in highly acid media: said of micro-organ- 
isms. 
acidosic (as-id-o'sik). Affected with acidosis. 
acidosis (as-id-o'sis). Depletion of the alkali re- 
serve of the body; diminution in the reserve sup- 
ply of fixed bases in the blood and other body 
tissues. The term was originally introduced by 
Naunyn to denote a condition of metabolism in 
which abnormal quantities of acetone bodies (j3- 
oxybutyric acid) are present in the body, etc.; a 
condition now usually spoken of as ketosis. Sev- 
eral grades of acidosis are called acid intoxication. 
acidosteophyte (as-id-os'te-o-fit) [Gr. &kIs point + 
boriov bone + <pvrbv plant]. A sharp-pointed 
osteophyte. 
acidotic (as-id-ot'ik). Pertaining to or marked by 
acidosis. 
acid-proof. Same as acid-fast. 
acidulated, acidulous (as-id'u-la-ted, as-id'u- 
lus). Somewhat sour; rendered somewhat sour. 
acidum (as'id-um). Latin for acid. 
aciduric (as-id-u'rik) [L. ac'idum acid 4- dura're to 
endure]. Growing in acid media, but preferring 
media that are somewhat alkaline: said of bacteria. 
acidyl (as'id-il). Any acid radical. 
acidylation (as-id-il-a'shun). Same as acylation. 
acies (a'se-ez) [L. "edge"]. Edge, margin, or border. 
a. thal'ami op'tici, the stria medullaris. 
acinesia (as-in-e'ze-ah). See akinesia. 
acinetic (as-in-et'ik). Same as akinetic. 
acinic (as-in'ik). Pertaining to an acinus or acini, 
aciniform (as-in'if-orm) [L. a'cinus grape + for1 ma 
form]. Shaped like an acinus or grape. 
acinitis (as-in-i'tis). Inflammation of the acini of 
a gland. 
acinose, acinous (as'in-os, as'in-us) [L. acino'sus 
grape-like], i. Resembling a grape or an acinus. 
2. Made up of acini. 
acinus (as'in-us), pl. a'cini [L. " grape "]. Any 
one of the smallest lobules of a compound gland; 
also, one of the sac-like dilatations forming the 
termination of a small passage, as the air-sacs of 
the lungs. 
Acipenser (as-ip-en'ser). A genus of fishes, among 
which A. hu'so, the Russian sturgeon, and other 
species, furnish isinglass. 
acitrin (as-it'rin). A proprietary ethyl ester of 
phenyl-cinchoninic acid, C6H5.C9H5N.CO.O.C2H5: 
used in treatment of gout. 
acladiosis (ak-lad-e-o'sis). An ulcerative dermat- 
omycosis caused by Accladium Castellani, occurring 
in Ceylon, the Malay States and Macedonia, and 
marked by the formation of roundish or oval ulcers 
with sharply defined edges and a granulating 
fundus. 
acladiotic (ak-lad-e-ot'ik). Caused by Acladium. 
Acladium (ak-la'de-um). A genus of fungi causing 
acladiosis. 
aclastic (ak-las'tik) [Gr. a neg. + tcXav to break]. 
Not refracting. 
acleitocardia lah-kli-to-kar'de-ah) [Gr. a priv. + 
kXwtos closed + Kapbla heart]. An open condi- 
tion of the foramen ovale. 
aclinic (ah-klin'ik). Having no inclination. 
acme (ak'me) [Gr. a.Kpr) point]. The crisis or critical 
stage of a disease. 
acne (ak'ne) [Gr. aKpr) point]. Any inflammatory 
disease of the sebaceous glands, especially acne 
vulgaris, or common acne, a chronic inflamma- 
tory disease of the sebaceous glands, occurring 
most frequently on the face, back, and chest. 
The inflamed glands form either small pink pap- 
ules, which sometimes surround comedones so 
as to have black centers, or else pustules or hyper- 
trophied nodules. adenoid a., disseminated 
follicular lupus, a. agmina'ta, a type of acne 
varioliformis of the face and forehead showing a 
marked tendency to abundance and grouping of 
the eruption, a. al'bida. See milium, a. 
artificia'lis, that which is due to external irri- 
tation. a. atroph'ica. See a. varioliformis. 
bromin a., acne which is one of the most con- 
stant symptoms of bromism. a. cachectico'rum 
(Hebra), a form which accompanies wasting dis- 
eases, and is situated chiefly on the trunk and legs. 
The lesions are flat and livid and leave scars, a. 
cilia'ris, acne of the edges of the eyelids, a. ACNEFORM 
37 
ACOUSMATAMNESIA 
di^semina'ta. Same as a. vulgaris, a. epheb'- 
ica, a form peculiar to adolescence and the stage 
of puberty. epileptic a., acne in an epileptic 
subject. It is due sometimes to overdose of 
brqmin compounds, and sometimes to an un- 
known cause, a. genera'lis, acne over the whole 
surface of the body. a. hordeola'ris, acne in 
which the tubercles are hard, tough, and arranged 
in rows. a. hypertroph'ica, acne rosacea, with 
a thickening of the lips and of the sides of the 
nose. a. indura'ta, acne vulgaris with chronic 
livid indurations, iodin a., an eruption caused 
by too free use of iodin compounds, a. kera- 
to'sa, a form in which a horny plug takes the 
place of a comedo, a. menta'gra. See sycosis. 
pancreatic a., a condition in which the pan- 
creas contains small cysts, caused by distention 
of the finer divisions of the pancreatic duct. a. 
papulo sa, acne vulgaris in which the lesions 
are papular, a. picea'lis, tar a., a form which 
attacks workers in tar, or those who are exposed 
to the vapors of tar. a. puncta'ta, acne in 
which the lesions are pointed papules, in the 
centers of which are black-tipped comedones, a. 
rosa'cea, a chronic inflammation of the face and 
nose, generally due to the free use of alcoholic 
stimulants. Called also gutta rosacea, brandy- 
nose, rosy-drop, and brandy-Jace. a. scorbu'- 
tica, a papular eruption in scurvy, a. scrofu- 
loso'rum (Bazin), acne cachecticorum. a. sim'~ 
plex. Same as a. vulgaris, tar a. See a. 
picealis. a. tar'si, acne of the sebaceous glands 
of the eyelids, a. telangiecto'des (Kaposi), 
lupus follicularis disseminatus. a. urtica'ta 
(Kaposi), acne with itching patches, a. varioli- 
f or 'mis, a somewhat rare chronic disease, situated 
about the forehead. The pustules occur in groups, 
each with a hard central scab, which, when sepa- 
rated, leaves a deep pit. a. vulga ris, common 
acne. See acne. 
acneform (ak'ne-form). Resembling acne. 
acnemia (ak-ne'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- Kvripi) leg]. 
Atrophy of the calves of the legs. 
acnitis (ak-ni'tis). A suppurative skin inflamma- 
tion which leaves pits like those of acne varioli- 
formis (Barthelemy). 
ACO. Abbreviation for anodal closing odor. 
acoasma (a-ko-as'mah) [Gr. aKovecv to hear]. An 
auditory hallucination consisting of indefinite 
sounds. 
Acocanthera, Akokanthera (ak-o-kan-the'rah). 
A genus of apocynaceous plants growing in Africa, 
several species of which furnish an arrow-poison 
used by the natives. A. venena'ta furnishes ouabain. 
acocantherin (ak-o-kan'ther-in). A poisonous 
glucosid, C32H50Oi2, from Acocanthera, resembling 
digitalis in its action. 
acoelomate (ah-se'lo-mat). See acelomate. 
acoenesthesia (ah-sen-es-the'ze-ah). Same as 
acenesthesia. 
acognosia, acognosy (ak-og-no'se-ah, ak-og'no- 
se) [Gr. olkos cure + yvwais knowledge]. Knowl- 
edge of or study of remedies. 
acoin (ak-o'in). A white, crystalline powder, 
dipara-anisylmonophenetyl guanidin hydrochlorid, 
C2H5.O.C6H4.N :C(NH.C6H4.O.CH3)2.HC1, soluble 
in 10 parts of water: used as a local anesthetic and 
bactericide; as an anesthetic by instillation in 0.1- 
0.3 per cent, solution. 
acoinsesthetic (ak-o"in-es-thet'ik). A proprie- 
tary local anesthetic used in veterinary practice. 
acoinoil (ak-o'in-oyl). A 1 per cent, solution of 
acoin in peanut oil: used as an analgesic in painful 
eye affections. 
acology (ak-ol'o-je) [Gr. &kos cure + Xbyos treatise]. 
The science of remedies; therapeutics. 
acolous (ak'o-lus) [Gr. a neg. + ku\ov limb]. Having 
no limbs. 
acomia (ah-ko'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. + Kopy hair]. 
Baldness; absence or defect of hair. 
aconin (ak'o-nin). An alkaloid, C26H39NOn; from 
aconitin; only part as toxic as aconitin. 
aconite (ak'o-nit) [L. aconi'tum; Gr. omovltov}. A 
poisonous drug, the roots and leaves of A coni'- 
turn napel'lus. It is a cardiac and respiratory 
sedative, analgesic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. 
It is used in palpitation of the heart, fevers, ton- 
sillitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Dose of the 
abstract, 1 gr. (0.016-0.033 gm.); of the ex- 
tract, gr. (0.011-0.022 gm.); of the fluidextract, 
|-i min. (0.033-0.066 c.c.); of the tincture, 1-5 
min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); of Fleming's tincture, f-2 
min. (0.044-0.133 c.c.). 
aconitin (ak-on'it-in) [L. aconiti'na, aconit'ia]. A 
very poisonous white crystalline alkaloid, C34- 
H47NOn, the active principle of aconite. Dose, 
sin gr. (0.0002 gm.). Duquesnel's a., aconitin 
nitrate. Dose, gr. (0.0003 gm.). 
Aconitum (ak-o-ni'tum) [L. See aconite.] 1. A 
genus of poisonous ranunculaceous herbs. 2. 
The drug aconite (q. v.). A.je'rox is a highly 
poisonous East Indian aconite; also its homeo- 
pathic preparation. A. lycoc'tonum is a species of 
aconite; also its homeopathic preparation. 
aconuresis (ak-on-u-re'sis) [Gr. &kuv unwilling 4- 
ovpipxis urination]. The involuntary passage of 
urine. 
acoprosis (ah-ko-pro'sis) [Gr. a neg. 4- Koirpos ex- 
crement]. Absence of fecal matter from the in- 
testine. 
acoprous (ah-kop'rus). Having no fecal matter 
in the intestine. 
acopyrin (ak-o-pi'rin). The acetyl salicylate of 
antipyrin: used in neuralgia and headache. 
acorea (ah-ko're-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- Kopp pupil]. 
Absence of the pupil of the eye. 
acoria (ah-ko're-ah) [Gr. a priv. + Kopos satiety]. 
Loss of the sensation of satiety; a condition in 
which the patient never feels that he has enough, 
although the appetite may not be large. 
acorin (ak'o-rin). A bitter glucosid, CseHsoOe, from 
calamus. It splits into oil of calamus and sugar. 
acormus (ah-kor'mus) [Gr. a priv. + Koppos trunk]. 
A monster-fetus with a very rudimentary trunk. 
Acorus (ak'o-rus) [L.; Gr. aicopos]. A genus of 
araceous plants. See calamus. 
acosmia (a-koz'me-ah) [Gr. a priv.; Koapos order]. 
1. Ill health. 2. An irregularity in the course of a 
disease. 
Acosta's disease (ah-kos'tah) [Jose d' Acosta, a 
Jesuit father who first described it after his travels 
in Peru in 1590]. Mountain sickness. 
acouesthesia (ak-u-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. aKoveLv to 
hear 4- ai^ais sensation]. Acoustic sensibility. 
acoulalion (ak-oo-la'le-on) [Gr. aKovetu to hear 4- 
XaXfa speech]. An apparatus for teaching deaf- 
mutes to speak. 
acoumeter, acouometer (ak-oo'met-er, ak-oo- 
om'et-er) [Gr. aKoveiv to hear + perpov a measure]. 
An instrument for use in testing the accuracy or 
acuteness of the hearing. 
acoumetry (ak-oo'met-re). The testing of the 
acuteness of the sense of hearing. 
acouophone (ak'oo-o-fon) [Gr. aKoveiv to hear 
+ <p<avr) voice]. An electric appliance for aid- 
ing the deaf to hear. 
acouophonia (ak-oo-o-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. aKobeio to 
hear 4- voice]. Auscultation combined 
with percussion. 
acousma (ak-oos'mah), pl. aeons' mala [Gr. aKovapa]. 
An auditory hallucination or imaginary sound. 
acousmatagnosis (ak-oos-mat-ag-no'sis) [Gr. 
aKovapa hearing 4- a neg. 4- yvuacs recognition]. 
Failure to recognize sounds due to mental dis- 
order; mind-deafness. 
acousmatamnesia (ak-oos-mat-am-ne'ze-ah) [Gr. 
aKovopa. hearing + apviqala forgetfulness]. Failure 
of the memory to call up the images of sounds. ACOUSTIC 
38 
ACROMEGALIA 
acoustic (ak-oos'tik or ak-ow'stik) [Gr. aKovariKos], 
Pertaining to sound or to the sense of hearing. 
acousticon (ak-oo'stik-on). An apparatus for aid- 
ing the deaf to hear. 
acoustics (ak-oos'tiks or ak-ow'stiks). The sci- 
ence of sounds or of hearing. 
acoutometer (ak-oo-tom'et-er). Same as acoumeter. 
ACP. Abbreviation for anodal closing picture. 
acquired (ak-wi'erd) [L. acquce'rere to obtain]. 
Not congenital, but obtained after birth. 
acquisitus (ak-wis'it-us) [L.]. Acquired. 
acraconitin (ak-rak-on'it-in) [L. ac'ridus acrid 4- 
aconi'tum aconite]. Same as pseudaconilin. 
acragnosis (ak-rag-no'sis). Acro-agnosis. 
acral (ak'ral) [Gr. &Kpop extremity]. Pertaining to 
or affecting the extremities. 
acrania (ah-kra'ne-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- Kpapiop 
skull]. The condition of a monster with a par- 
tial or incomplete skull, or with none at all. 
acranial (ah-kra'ne-al). Having no cranium. 
acranius (ah-kra'ne-us) [Gr. a neg. + Kpapiop 
skull]. A monster-fetus with no cranium or a 
very incomplete one. 
acraturesis (ah-krat-u-re'sis) [Gr. aKparifs feeble 
+ obpqais urination]. Difficult urination due to 
atony of the bladder. 
Acrel's ganglion (ak'relz) [Olof Acrel, Swedish 
surgeon, 1717-1807]. See under ganglion. 
acremoniosis (ak-re-mo-ne-o'sis). Infection with 
the fungus Acremo'nium potro'nii, producing a 
state marked by fever and the formation of 
gumma-like swellings. 
acribometer (ak-rib-om'et-er) [Gr. &Kpc0r)s exact 
+ per pop measure]. An instrument for measuring 
minute objects. 
acrid (ak'rid) [L. a'cer, a'cris sharp]. Pungent; 
producing an irritation. 
acridin (ak'rid-in). 1. A pungent-smelling crys- 
talline alkaloid, (CeH^NCH, from anilin. 2. Any 
member of the group of compounds of which 
ordinary acridin is the type. 
acriflavin (ak-rif-la'vin). An acridin dye, diamino- 
methyl-acridinium chlorid, (NH^CisHtN.CCHj).- 
CI.H2O, a powerful germicide and antiseptic: used 
in the treatment of wounds in a 1 : 1000 solution of 
0.8 per cent, salt solution. This substance was 
originally prepared by Benda in 1911 for use in 
trypanosomiasis, and was by him given the name 
of trypaflavin. It has also been called flavin. 
acrimony (ak'rim-o-ne) [L. acrimo'nia], An acrid 
quality, property, or condition. 
acrinyl sulphocyanate (ak-ri'nil). An acrid vesi- 
cating principle found in white mustard. 
acritical (ah-krit'ik-al) [Gr. a neg. + Kpiats a 
crisis]. Having no crisis. 
acritochromacy (ah-krit-o-kro'mas-e) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
Kpipeip to judge + xp&pa color]. Color-blindness. 
acro-sesthesia (ak"ro-es-the'ze-ah). See acro- 
esthesia. 
acro-agnosis (ak"ro-ag-no'sis) [Gr. &kpop extremity 
+ a neg. + yp&ais knowledge]. Lack of sensory 
recognition of a limb; lack of acragnosis. 
acro-anesthesia (ak"ro-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. aKpop 
■ extremity 4- anesthesia]. Anesthesia of the ex- 
tremities. 
acro-arthritis (ak-ro-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. aKpop extrem- 
, ity + arthritis]. Arthritis affecting the extremities. 
acro-asphyxia (ak-ro-as-fik'se-ah) [Gr. aKpop ex- 
tremity 4- asphyxia]. Dead-finger: a cold, pale 
condition of the fingers and toes, alternating 
with heat and redness. It is an early symptom 
of symmetric gangrene (Raynaud's disease). 
acro-ataxia (ak"ro-at-ak'se-ah) [Gr. &Kpos ex- 
tremity 4- ataxia], Ataxia affecting the fingers and 
toes. 
acroblast (ak'ro-blast) (Gr. aKpos extreme 4- 
0\aar6s germ]. External layer of the mesoblast. 
acrobystiolith (ak-ro-bis'te-o-lith) [Gr. &Kpo0uaria 
prepuce 4- Kidos stone]. A preputial calculus. 
acrobystitis (ak-ro-bis-ti'tis) [Gr. &.Kpo0vaTla fore- 
skin 4- -iris]. Inflammation of the prepuce. 
acrocephalia (ak-ro-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. aKpos point 
+ head], A pointed condition of the top 
of the head. 
acrocephalic, acrocephalous (ak-ro-sef-al'ik, 
ak-ro-sef'al-us). Affected with acrocephalia. 
acrocephalosyndactylia (ak-ro-sef'al-o-sin-dak- 
til'e-ah) [acrocephalia 4- syndactylia]. A congenital 
malformation consisting of a pointed shape of the 
top of the head and syndactylia of the four ex- 
tremities. Called also acrosphenosyndactylia and 
Apert's syndrome. 
acrocephaly (ak-ro-sef'al-e). Same as acrocephalia. 
acrochordon (ak-ro-kor'don) [Gr. aKpos extreme 
+ xopdq string]. A soft, pendulous growth on the 
neck or eyelids of old persons. 
acrocinesis (ak-ro-sin-e'sis) [Gr. aKpos extreme 4- 
Kiwqais motion]. Excessive motility; abnormal 
freedom of movement. 
acrocinetic (ak-ro-sin-et'ik). Affected with acro- 
cinesis. 
acrocontracture (ak"ro-kon-trak'tshur) [Gr. aKpop 
extremity 4- contracture], Contracture of an ex- 
tremity; contracture of the hand or the foot. 
acrocyanosis (ak"ro-si-an-o'sis) [Gr. aKpop ex- 
tremity + cyanosis], Blueness of the hands and 
feet, probably a hysteric vasomotor phenomenon 
(Crocq). 
acrodermatitis (ak"ro-der-mat-i'tis) [Gr. aKpop ex- 
tremity + dermatitis]. Dermatitis of the ex- 
tremities. a. chron ica atroph icans, a pro- 
gressive atrophying dermatitis of the hands and 
feet progressing slowly upward on the arms and 
legs, continuous a., an eczematous erup- 
tion confined to the extremities and obstinately 
resistant to treatment, a. hiema'lis, dermatitis 
of the extremities occurring in winter, a. per'- 
stans, a form which persistently recurs, a vesic- 
ulo'sa trop ica, dermatitis in which the skin of 
the fingers becomes glossy and covered with small 
vesicles. 
acrodont (ak'ro-dont) [Gr. aKpop extremity 4* 
o5oDs tooth]. Having the teeth attached to the 
edge of the jaws instead of inserted into alveoli: 
a condition seen in lizards. 
acrodynia (ak-ro-din'e-ah) [Gr. aKpop extremity + 
66vpti pain]. An eruptive disease, marked by in- 
creased sensibility of the soles and palms, with 
pricking sensations in them and rheumatoid 
pains in the hands and feet. There is an erythe- 
matous eruption, followed by exfoliation and 
brown pigmentation. It is also called epidemic 
erythema and pedionalgia epidemica. 
acro-esthesia (ak-ro-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. aKpos ex- 
treme + alaOrjais sensation], i. Increased sensi- 
tiveness. 2. Pain in the extremities. 
acrogenous (ak-roj'en-us) [Gr. aKpop summit + 
7€j'pai' to produce]. Increasing by growth at the 
apex: said of plants. 
acrognosis (ak-rog-no'sis) [Gr. Hkpop limb + ypwais 
knowledge]. Sensory recognition of the limbs and 
of the different portions of each limb in relation to 
each other; limb knowledge. 
acrokinesia (ak-ro-kin-e'ze-ah). See acrocinesis. 
acrolein (ak-ro'le-in) [L. ac'er acrid 4- o'leum oil]. 
A volatile oily liquid, acrylic aldehyd, CH2:CH- 
CHO, from the decomposition of glycerol. 
acromania (ak-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. aKpos extreme 4- 
papia madness]. Extreme or violent mania. 
acromastitis (ak-ro-mas-ti'tis) [Gr. aKpop point + 
paar6s mamma]. Inflammation of the nipple. 
acromegalia, acromegaly (ak-ro-meg-a'le-ah, 
ak-ro-meg'al-e) [Gr. aKpos extremity + peyaK-q ACROMELALGIA 
39 
actinolyte; 
greAt], A chronic disease, characterized by en- 
largement of the bones and soft parts of the hands, 
feet, and face (Marie, 1886). The disease is asso- 
ciated with overfunction of the pituitary body. 
Called also Marie's disease. 
acromelalgia (ak"ro-me-lal'je-ah). See erythro- 
melalgia. 
acromial (ak-ro'me-al). Pertaining to the acro- 
mion. 
acromicria (ak-ro-mik're-ah) [Gr. aKpos extremity 
+ ptKpos small]. Abnormal smallness of the 
hands or feet. 
acromikria (ak-ro-mick're-ah). Acromicria. 
acromioclavicular (ak-ro"me-o-klav-ik'u-lar). 
Pertaining to the acromion and clavicle. 
acromiocoracoid (ak-ro"me-o-kor'ak-oid). Per- 
taining to the acromion and the coracoid process. 
acromiohumeral (ak-ro"me-o-hu'mer-al). Per- 
taining to the acromion and humerus. 
acromion (ak-ro'me-on) [Gr. aKpov point + upos 
shoulder]. The outward extension of the spine 
of the scapula, forming the point of the shoulder. 
acromioscapular (ak-ro"me-o-skap'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the acromion and scapula. 
acromiothoracic (ak-ro"me-o-tho-ras'ik). Per- 
taining to the acromion and thorax. 
acromphalus (ak-rom'fal-us) [Gr. aKpov point + 
op^aXos navel]. 1. Undue prominence of the 
navel: sometimes a sign of the approach of um- 
bilical hernia. 2. The center of the navel. 
acromyotonia (ak"ro-mi-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. aKpov 
extremity + pvs muscle -|- rovos contraction]. 
Contracture of the hand or foot from gunshot 
wounds (Sicard, 1915). 
acromyotonus (ak"ro-mi-ot'o-nus). Acromyo- 
tonia. 
Acron (afleron). A celebrated physician of Agri- 
gentum in Sicily, who lived in the fifth century b. c. 
acronarcotic (ak-ro-nar-kot'ik). Both acrid and 
narcotic. 
acroneurosis (ak-ro-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. aKpov extremity 
+ neurosis]. Any neurosis of the extremities. 
acronyx (ak'ro-niks) [Gr. aKpov extremity + 6vv^ 
nail]. An ingrowing nail. 
acropachy (ak'ro-pak-e) [Gr. aKpov extremity + 
iraxvs thick]. Clubbed finger. See under finger. 
acroparalysis (ak-ro-par-al'is-is) [Gr. aKpov point 
+ paralysis]. Paralysis of the extremities. 
acroparesthesia (ak"ro-par-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
aKpov extreme + paresthesia]. 1. Extreme or 
marked paresthesia. 2. A disease marked by 
attacks of stiffness and numbness of the extremi- 
ties, without pain or paralysis. 
acropathology (ak-ro-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. aKpov ex- 
treme + pathology]. 1. The pathology of disease 
affecting the extremities. 2. Disease of the ex- 
tremities. 
acropathy (ak-rop'ath-e) [Gr. aKpov summit + 
ira0os disorder]. Any disease of tne extremities. 
acropetal (ak-rop'et-al) [Gr. bupov summit + L. 
Pet'ere to seek]. Rising toward the summit. 
acrophobia (ak-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aKpov summit + 
<po^os fear]. Morbid dread of being at a great 
height. 
acrophotodynia (ak"ro-fo-to-din'e-ah). Trophic 
disorders with neuritis and paresthesia from trench- 
foot. See trench-foot, under foot. 
acroposthitis (ak-ro-pos-thi'tis) [Gr. bupoiroaOla 
prepuce]. Inflammation of the prepuce. 
acroscleroderma (ak"ro-skle-ro-der'mah). Same 
as sclerodactylia. 
acrose (ah'kros) [Gr. a neg. + -ose]. An optically 
inactive sugar produced by the action of weak 
alkali on formaldehyd. 
acrosome (ak'ro-som) [Gr. &Kpov summit + crupa 
body]. The structure forming the extreme ante- 
rior end of the spermatozoon; called also apical 
body. 
acrosphacelus (ak-ro-sfas'el-us) [Gr. aKpov sum- 
mit + a<pa.KeXos gangrene]. Gangrene of the 
digits; acro-asphyxia. 
acrosphenosyndactylia (ak"ro-sfe"no-sin-dak-til'- 
e-ah). See acrocephalosyndactylia. 
acrostealgia (ak"ros-te-al'je-ah) [Gr. aKpov ex- 
tremity + bareov bone + 0X705 pain). Neuralgia 
of the bones of the extremities (Boneau, 1911). 
acrosyl (ak'ro-sil). The British name for cresol in 
soap solution similar to lysol. 
acroteric (ak-ro-ter'ik). Pertaining to the periphery 
or outermost parts (Hutchinson). 
aero tic (ah-krot'ik) [Gr. aKpos extreme], 1. Affect- 
ing the surface. 2. Characterized by absence or 
weakness of the pulse. See acrotism. 
acrotism (ah'kro-tizm) [Gr. a neg. + Kporos pulse]. 
Absence or imperceptibility of the pulse. 
acrotrophoneurosis (ak"ro-tro-fo-nu-ro'sis). Tro- 
phoneurotic disturbance of the extremities. 
acrylaldehyd (ak-ril-al'de-hld). Same as acrolein, 
ACS. Abbreviation for anodal closing sound. 
Actsea (ak-te'ah) [L.; Gr. aKrfj elder], A genus of 
ranunculaceous plants. See Cimicifuga and cohosh. 
actinic (ak-tin'ik) [Gr. burls ray]. Producing 
chemic action: used of rays of light beyond the 
violet of the spectrum. 
actinicity (ak-tin-is'it-e). Same as actinism. 
actiniform (ak-tin'if-orm) [Gr. aKrls ray]. Formed 
like a ray; radiate. 
actinism (ak'tin-izm). [See actinic.] The chemic 
property of light or radiant energy. 
actinium (ak-tin'e-um) [Gr. aKrls rayl. A chemic 
element obtained in the ore of uranium and having 
radio-active properties. See table of radio-active 
elements, p. 928. 
actinobacillosis (ak"tin-o-bas-il-o'sis). A disease 
of domestic animals in South America caused by 
a bacillus which forms radiating structures in the 
tissues. 
Actinobacil'lus ligniere'si. The micro-organ- 
ism which causes actinobacillosis. It resembles 
Actinomyces bovis. 
actinochemistry (ak"tin-o-kem'is-tre) [Gr. burls 
ray + chemistry]. Chemistry dealing with action 
of rays of light. 
actinocladothrix (ak"tin-o-klad'o-thriks). The 
Streptothrix actinomyces. 
actinocongestin (ak"tin-o-kon-jes'tin). Richet's 
name for the toxic principle from the tentacles of 
certain actiniae which, on injection into animals, 
causes congestion of the viscera. 
actinocutitis (ak"tin-o-ku-ti'tis) [Gr. burls ray + 
cutitis]. X-ray dermatitis. 
actinodermatitis (ak"tin-o-der-ma-ti'tis). X-ray 
dermatitis. 
actinodiastase (ak"tin-o-di'as-tas). An enzyme 
found in the body of coelenterate animals which 
performs the intracellular digestion characteristic 
of these animals. 
actinogram (ak-tin'o-gram). Same as skiagram. 
actinograph (ak-tin'o-graf) [Gr. aKrls ray + 
ypatpetv to write]. 1. Same as skiagraph. 2. An 
instrument for recording variations in the actinic 
effect of the sun's rays. 
actinographema (ak-tin"o-graf-e'mah). Same as 
skiagram. 
actinography (ak-tin-og'raf-e). Same as skiag- 
raphy. 
actinology (ak-tin-ol'o-je) [Gr. burls ray + Xbyos 
treatise]. The science of photochemistry; the 
science of the chemic effects of light. 
actinolyte (ak-tin'o-lit). 1. Any substance that is 
markedly changed by light. 2. An apparatus for 
concentrating the rays of electric light, or for gen- 
erating the ultra-violet rays. ACTINOMETER 
40 
actinometer (ak-tin-om'et-er) [Gr. 6. kt is ray + 
perpov measure], 1. An instrument for measuring 
the photochemic power of light. 2. An apparatus 
for measuring the penetrating power of actinic rays, 
actinometry (ak-tin-om'et-re). The measurement 
of the photochemic power of light. 
actinomycelial (ak"tin-o-mi-se'le-al). 1. Pertain- 
ing to the mycelium of an actinomyces. 2. Ac- 
tinomycetic. 
Actinomyces (ak-tin-o-mi'sez) [Gr. a.Krls ray + 
pinups fungus]. A genus of parasitic fungi having 
a radiating arrangement of the mycelium. This 
genus is now known as Nocardia. A. bi'color, 
found in a case of multiple brain abscess in dogs. 
A. bo'vis, the ray-fungus, is the cause of actino- 
mycosis. A. farcin'ica. Same as Streptothrix 
Jarcinica. A. madu'rae, a fungus which is the 
causative agent in mycetoma or madura foot. 
Actinomycetaceae (ak"tin-o-mi-se-ta'se-e). A 
systematic family of the Actinomycetales. The 
members are filamentous forms often branched and 
sometimes forming mycelia. There are four genera: 
Actinobacillus, Leptotrichia, Actinomyces, and 
Erysipelothrix. 
Actinomycetales (ak"tin-o-mi-se-ta'les). A sys- 
tematic order under the class Schizomycetes. The 
higher bacteria having cells elongated, frequently 
filamentous, and with a tendency to the develop- 
ment of branching. There are two families: 
Actinomycetaceae and Mycobacteriaceae. 
actinomycetic (ak"tin-o-mi-set'ik). Of, or caused 
by, actinomyces. 
actinomycosis (ak"tin-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. a.kt is ray 
+ pvKps fungus]. A chronic infectious disease 
of cattle, sometimes transmitted to man, caused 
by Actinom'yces (Nocardia) bo'vis, and characterized 
by the formation of lumpy tumors on the jaws and 
tongue. The disease is attended by loss of strength 
and weight and by hectic fever, and the fungus may 
develop in the viscera, bone, and skin, as well as 
in the mouth and jaws. 
actinomycotic (ak"tin-o-mi-kot'ik). Pertaining 
to or affected with actinomycosis. 
actinomycotin (ak"tin-o-mi'ko-tin). A thera- 
peutic preparation of cultures of Actinomyces: used 
in treating actinomycosis. 
actinoneuritis (ak"tin-o-nu-ri'tis) [Gr. &ktIs ray 
+ neuritis]. Neuritis caused by exposure to radio- 
active rays. 
actinophor (ak-tin'o-for) [Gr. axrfs ray + <pbpos 
bearing]. A mixture of 3 parts cerium dioxid and 
1 part thorium dioxid: used as an x-ray diagnostic. 
actinophytosis (ak"tin-o-fi-to'sis). Streptotricho- 
sis. 
Actinopoda (ak-tin-op'o-dah) [Gr. AktZs ray + 
Trows foot]. A class of Sarcodina distinguished by 
slender pseudopodia which have axial filaments. 
actinopraxis (ak-tin-o-praks'is) [Gr. &ktLs ray + 
it palps doing]. The diagnostic and therapeutic use 
of radio-active rays. 
actinoscopy (ak-tin-os'ko-pe) [Gr. &ktIs ray + 
aKOTreiv to view]. Examination by means of the 
x-ray. 
actinostereoscopy (ak"tin-o-ste-re-os'ko-pe). 
Same as actinoscopy. 
actinotherapeutics (ak-tin"o-ther-ap-u'tiks). 
Same as actino therapy. 
actinotherapy (ak"tin-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. anris ray 
+ Oepairela treatment]. Treatment of disease by 
rays of light, especially actinic or chemic light. 
action (ak'shun) [L. ac'tio], Any function or move- 
ment either of any part or organ or of the whole 
body, after-a., the negative variation of the 
electric current continuing for a short time in 
a tetanized muscle, a. of arrest, inhibition, 
reflex a., any involuntary action produced by a 
stimulus that is conveyed to the nervous system 
and reflected to the periphery, a.-pattern. See 
under pattern. 
activate (ak'tiv-at). To render active. 
activator (ak'tiv-a-tor). A substance which ren- 
ders some other substance active: especially an 
inorganic substance which combines with an in- 
active enzyme to render it capable of effecting its 
proper reaction. 
active (ak'tiv). Characterized by action; not pas- 
sive; not expectant. 
actol (ak'tol). Silver lactate, CH3.CHOH.COOAg, 
a white, tasteless powder, soluble in 20 parts of 
water. It is used as an antiseptic in infectious 
diseases, sore throat, gonorrhea, etc., in 2 per 
cent, solution; also hypodermically in erysipelas 
in doses of | gr. (0.01 gm.). 
acton (ak'ton). Ethyl orthoformate: used in whoop- 
ing-cough. 
actor (ak'tor). A substance which takes part in 
both primary and secondary chemical reactions. 
actual (ak'chu-al) [L. actua'lis]. Real; not poten- 
tial. 
Actuarius (ak-tu-a're-us), John. A Greek physi- 
cian and writer who lived about the end of the 
thirteenth century. 
acuclosure (ak-u-klo'zhur). Arrest of hemorrhage 
by means of a needle. 
acuesthesia (ak-u-es-the'ze-ah). Acouesthesia. 
acufllopressure (ak-u-fi'lo-presh-er) [L. a'cus 
needle + fi'lum thread + pressu'ra pressure]. A 
combination of acupressure and ligation. 
acuity (ak-u'it-e) [L. acu'itas sharpness]. Acute- 
ness or clearness, especially of the vision. 
aculeate (ak-u'le-at) [L. aculea'tus horny]. Covered 
with sharp points; pointed. 
acumeter (ak-oo'met-er). See acoumeter. 
acuminate (ak-u'min-at) [L. acumina'tus]. Sharp- 
pointed. 
acupressure, acupression (ak'u-presh-er, ak'u- 
presh-un) [L. a'cus needle + Pres'sio or pressu'ra 
pressure]. Compression of a bleeding vessel by 
inserted needles. 
acupuncture (ak-u-punk'tshur) [L. a'cus needle + 
punctu'ra a prick]. The insertion of needles into 
a part for the production of counterirritation. 
acus (a'kus) [L.]. A needle or needle-like process, 
acusticus (ak-us'tik-us) [L.] The auditory nerve, 
acute (ak-ut') [L. acu'tus sharp], 1. Sharp; poignant. 
2. Having a short and relatively severe course; 
not chronic. 
acutenaculum (ak-u-ten-ak'u-lum) [L.]. See nee- 
dle-holder. 
acutorsion (ak-u-toi/shun) [L. a'cus needle 4- 
tor'sio a twisting]. The twisting of an artery with 
a needle for the control of hemorrhage. 
acyanoblepsia (ah-si-an-o-blep'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 
+ Kvavos blue + ^Xexpia vision]. Inability to dis- 
tinguish blue tints. 
acyanopsia (ah-si-an-op'se-ah). Same as acyano- 
blepsia. 
acyclic (ah-si'klik). In chemistry, having an open- 
chain structure; aliphatic. See open-chain, under 
chain. 
acyesis (ah-si-e'sis) [Gr. a priv. + Kirkins preg- 
nancy]. 1. Sterility in women. 2. Absence of 
pregnancy. 
acyl (as'il). An organic acid radical. 
acylation (as-il-a'shun). The introduction of an 
acid radical into a compound. 
acystia (ah-sis'te-ah) [Gr. a priv. + Kuans bladder]. 
Absence of the bladder. 
acystinervia, acystineuria (ah-sis-tin-er've-ah, 
ah-sis-tin-u're-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Kvans bladder 
+ L. ne/vus or Gr, vevpov nerve]. Lack of nerve 
stimulus in the bladder. 
Acystosporidia (ah-sis"to-spo-rid'e-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
+ Kvans bladder + sporidia]. A group or order 
of animal parasites nearly related to the Haemo- 
sporidia. 
ACYSTOSPORIDIA ACYTOTOXIN 
41 
ADENO- 
acytotoxin (ah-si-to-toks'in). A toxin in a crystal- 
line form. 
A. D. Abbreviation for anodal duration; also au'ris 
dex'tra, right ear. 
ad. A Latin preposition signifying to: much used 
as a prefix. 
ad., add. Abbreviations for L. ad'de, add, or 
additur, let there be added: used in writing pre- 
scriptions. 
adactylia, adactylism (ah-dak-til'e-ah, ah-dak'- 
til-izm) [Gr. a priv. + baKTvXos finger]. Congen- 
ital absence of fingers or toes. 
adactylous (ah-dak'til-us). Lacking fingers or 
toes, or both. 
adalin (ad'al-in). A proprietary sedative and hyp- 
notic preparation, bromidiethylacetylurea, C(C2- 
Hs)2Br.CO.NH.CO.NH2. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1.0 
gm.). 
adamantine (ad-am-an'tin). Pertaining to the 
enamel of the teeth. 
adamantinoma (ad"am-an-tin-o'mah). A tumor 
developing within the alveolar border of the jaw 
from the paradental epithelial remains of the 
enamel organ. Called also cystadenoma adaman- 
tinum and epithelioma adamantinum. 
adamantoblast (ad-am-an'to-blast) [adamant 4- 
Gr. 0\aarbs germ]. An enamel-cell; one of the 
cells from which the enamel of the teeth is devel- 
oped. Called also ameloblast. 
adamantoblastoma (ad-am-an"to-blas-to'mah). 
Any tumor arising from the enamel organ. 
adamantoma (ad-am-an-to'mah). Same as ad- 
amantinoma. 
Adami's theory (ad-am'ez) [John George Adami, 
pathologist in Montreal, born 1862]. See under 
theory. 
Adamkiewicz's reaction (ah-dam-ke'viks) [Al- 
bert Adamkiewicz, pathologist of Vienna, 1850- 
1921]. See under reaction. 
adamon (ad'am-on). Borneol dibromdihydrocin- 
namate. A sedative preparation used like the 
bromids. 
Adam's apple. The projection at the forepart of 
the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage. 
Adams' operation, saw (ad'amz). 1. [William 
Adams, English surgeon, born 1820.] See opera- 
tion, saw. 2. [Sir William Adams, British surgeon, 
1760-1829.] See operation. 
Adams-Stokes' disease. See under disease. 
Adansonia (ad-an-so'ne-ah) [after Michel Adanson, 
1727-1806, French naturalist]. A genus of ster- 
culiaceous trees. A. digita'ta is the baobab, a huge 
tree of Africa; found also in India; the leaves are 
febrifugal. 
adaptation (ad-ap-ta'shun) [L. adapta're to fit]. 
1. The normal power of the eye to adjust itself to 
variations in the intensity of light. 2. Same»as 
immunization. 3. The fitness of an organism for its 
environment, or the process by which it becomes 
fit. a.-product. See reaction substance, under 
substance. 
adapter (ad-ap'ter). A device for connecting 
various parts of surgical instruments to one 
another. 
ADC. Abbreviation for anodal duration contraction. 
adde (ad'e). Latin for "add." 
Ad. def. an. Abbreviation for L. ad defectio'nem 
an'imi, to fainting. 
Ad. deliq. Abbreviation for L ad deli'quium, to 
fainting. 
Ad. 2 vic. Abbreviation of L. ad du'as vi'ces, at two 
times, for two doses. 
Ad. grat. acid. Abbreviation for L. ad gra'tum 
acidita'tem, to an agreeable sourness. 
addephagia, adephagia (ad-ef-a'je-ah) [Gr. abbqv, 
abqv enough 4- <payeiv to eat]. 1. Gluttony. 2. 
Insatiable hunger. 
addiction (ad-ik'shun). The state of being given 
up to some habit, as a drug-habit, drug a., 
habitual use of a drug; pharmacopsychosis. 
addiment (ad'im-ent). Same as complement. 
addisonism (ad'is-on-izm). A group of symptoms 
in pulmonary tuberculosis consisting of pigmenta- 
tion and debility, but falling short of those of 
Addison's disease. 
Addison's anemia, disease, keloid, etc. (ad'is- 
onz) [Thomas A ddison, English physician, 1793- 
1860]. See under anemia, disease, keloid, etc. 
Addison's planes (ad'is-onz) [Christopher Addi- 
son, English anatomist, born 1869]. See under 
plane. 
Addison-Biermer anemia. Pernicious anemia. 
See under anemia. 
adducens oculi (ad-u'senz ok'u-li) [L.]. The in- 
ternal rectus muscle of the eye. See rectus in- 
ternus in muscles, table of. 
adducent (ad-u'sent). Performing adduction. 
adduct (ad-ukt') [L. addu'cere to draw toward]. 
To draw toward a center or toward a median line. 
adduction (ad-uk'shun). The act of drawing 
toward a center or toward a median line. 
adductor (ad-uk'tor) [L.]. Any adducting mus- 
cle. See in muscles, table of. 
adelomorphous (ad-el-o-mor'fus) [Gr. abqXos not 
evident + popipi) form]. Not having a clearly 
defined form. See cell. 
adelphotaxy (ad-el'fo-taks-e) [Gr. abe\<p6s brother 
+ rafts arrangement]. The assumption by cer- 
tain motile cells of a definite position and arrange- 
ment. 
adenalgia (ad-en-al'je-ah) [Gr. abqv gland + aX-yos 
pain]. Pain in a gland. 
adenase (ad'en-as) [Gr. abqu gland + -ase]. An 
enzyme occurring in the spleen, pancreas, and liver, 
which converts adenin into hypoxanthin. 
adenasthenia (ad-en-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. abqv gland 
+ a priv. + aOevos strength]. Deficient glandular 
activity, a. gas'trica, deficient glandular secre- 
tion in the stomach. 
adendric, adendritic (ah-den'drik, ah-den-drit'- 
ik) [Gr. a neg. + beubpou tree]. Having no den- 
drons. 
adenectomy (ad-en-ek'to-me) [Gr. abqu gland 4- 
tKTopri excision]. 1. Surgical removal of a gland. 
2. Excision of adenoid growths. 
adenectopia (ad-en-ek-to'pe-ah) [Gr. abqv gland 
+ eKTOiros displaced]. Malposition or displace- 
ment of a gland. 
adenemphraxis (ad-en-em-fraks'is) [Gr. abqp gland 
+ ipippa^cs stoppage]. Glandular obstruction. 
adenia (ad-e'ne-ah) [Gr. abqv gland]. 1. A chronic 
affection marked by great enlargement of the 
lymphatic glands. See lymphoma. 2. Same as 
pseudoleukemia, leukemic a., adenia with a 
leukemic state of the blood. 
adeniform (ad-en'if-orm) [Gr. abqv gland + L. 
fo/ma shape]. Resembling a gland. 
adenin (ad'en-in) [Gr. abqv gland]. One of the 
purin bodies (q. v.), being 6-aminopurin, C5H5N5, 
a decomposition-product of nuclein, found in the 
various glands, such as the kidneys, spleen, tes- 
ticle, and other secreting glands. It occurs in the 
urine of leukocythemic patients. Adenin is non- 
poisonous, and occurs in the form of pearly crys- 
tals. a. hypoxanthin, a leukomain, C5H5N5 + 
C5H4N4O, being a compound of adenin and 
hypoxanthin. 
adenitis (ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. abqv gland]. Inflamma- 
tion of a gland, acute epidemic infectious 
a. See glandular fever, under fever. 
adenization (ad-en-iz-a'shun) [Gr. abqu gland]. 
The assumption of an abnormal gland-like ap- 
pearance; adenoid degeneration. 
adeno- [Gr. abqv gland]. A prefix denoting rela- 
tion to a gland or to glands. ADENO-ACANTHOMA 
42 
ADENOTOME 
adeno-acanthoma (ad"en-o-ak-an-tho'mah). A 
tumor composed of glandular and squamous ele- 
ments: called also adenocancroid. 
adenoblast (ad'en-o-blast) [Gr. aSyu gland 4- 
0Xaor6s germ], i. Any cell with a glandular or 
secretory function. 2. Any embryonic cell whence 
gland tissue is derived. 
adenocancroid (ad"en-o-kang'kroid). Adeno- 
acanthoma. 
adenocarcinoma (ad"en-o-kar-sin-o'mah). A car- 
cinoma in which the cells are arranged in the form 
of glands; a malignant adenoma. 
adenocele (ad'en-o-s61) [Gr. &8tp> gland 4- kt)Xt) 
tumor]. An adenomatous cystic tumor. 
adenocellulitis (ad"en-o-sel-u-li'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of a gland and the cellular tissue around it. 
adenochondroma (ad"en-o-kon-dro'mah), pl. 
adenochondro'mata. Adenoma blended with chon- 
droma. 
adenochondrosarcoma (ad"en-o-kon"dro-sar- 
ko'mah). A tumor containing the elements of 
adenoma, chondroma, and sarcoma. 
adenochrome (ad'en-o-krom). The coloring-mat- 
ter of suprarenal glands: used in gout. 
adenocyst (ad'en-o-sist) [Gr. 8.8-nv gland 4- kvotls 
bladder], A cyst developed from rudimentary 
structures. 
adenocystoma (ad"en-o-sis-to'mah). Adenoma 
in which the glands are dilated into cysts. 
adenodynia (ad-en-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. gland 4- 
68vvi) pain]. Pain in a gland. 
adenoflbroma (ad"en-o-fi-bro'mah). A glandular 
tumor consisting chiefly of hypertrophied fibrous 
tissue. 
adenofibrosis (ad"en-o-fi-bro'sis). Fibroid de- 
generation of a gland. 
adenography (ad-en-og'raf-e) [Gr. a8r)v gland 4- 
ypa<peiv to write]. A treatise on the glands. 
adenohypersthenia (ad"en-o-hi-per-sthe'ne-ah) 
[Gr. gland 4- virep over 4- oOevos strength]. 
Excessive glandular activity, a. gas'trica, ex- 
cessive glandular secretion in the stomach. 
adenoid (ad'en-oid) [Gr. 6.8rp> gland 4~ elSos form]. 
i. Resembling a gland. 2. In the plural, hyper- 
trophy of the adenoid tissue that normally exists 
in the nasopharynx of children and is known as 
the pharyngeal tonsil. 
adenoidectomy (ad-en-oi-dek'to-me) [adenoid 4- 
Gr. eKTopi) excision]. Excision of adenoid growths. 
adenoiditis (ad-en-oi-di'tis). Inflammation of an 
adenoid. 
adenoids (ad'en-oidz). See adenoid. 
adenoliomyofibroma (ad"en-o-li"o-mi"o-fi-bro'- 
mah). A liomyofibroma containing adenomatous 
elements. 
adenolipoma (ad"en-o-lip-o'mah). A glandular 
tumor made up largely of fatty tissue. 
adenolipomatosis (ad"en-o-lip-o-mat-o'sis). A 
condition in which multiple lipomata develop in 
the neck, axilla, and groin. 
adenologaditis (ad"en-o-log-ad-i'tis) [Gr. aS-qv 
gland 4- XoyaSes eyes], i. Ophthalmia neonato- 
rum. 2. Inflammation of the glands of the eyes 
and conjunctiva. 
adenology (ad-en-ol'o-je) [Gr. 88qv gland 4- X6yos 
discourse]. The sum of knowledge with regard 
to the glands. 
adenolymphitis (ad"en-o-lim-fi'tis). Same as 
lymphadenitis. 
adenolymphocele (ad"en-o-lim'fo-sel) [Gr. &8rp> 
gland 4- lymphocele]. Fatty infiltration along 
the lines of the lymphatic vessels. 
adenolymphoma (ad"en-o-lim-fo'mah). Adenoma 
of a lymph organ. 
adenoma (ad-en-o'mah), pl. adeno'mata or adenom'as 
[Gr. a.8qv gland 4- -opa. tumor]. A benign epithe- 
lial tumor with a gland-like structure, i. e., the cells 
line gland-like depressions or cavities in the stroma. 
a. adamanti'na, adamantoma. a. alveola're, 
an adenoma formed on the type of an alveolar gland, 
a. des'truens, a malignant adenoma in the walls 
of the stomach, a. fibro'sum, fibro-adenoma. 
a. gelatino'sum, colloid goiter. malig- 
nant a., adenocarcinoma. racemose a., 
an adenoma whose structure resembles that 
of a racemose gland. a. seba'ceum, a neo- 
plastic growth of the face, containing a mass 
of sebaceous glands and forming a reddish-yellow 
collection of papules. It is frequently associated 
with mental deficiency, a. sim'plex, simple 
hyperplasia of a gland, tub'ular a., an adenoma 
formed on the type of a tubular gland. 
adenomalacia (ad"en-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. a8r)v 
gland + paXaKia softness]. Softening of a gland. 
adenomatoid (ad-en o'mat-oid). Resembling 
adenoma. 
adenomatome (ad-en-o'mah-tom) [adenoma + 
Gr. ropr) cut]. A kind of scissors used in removing 
adenoid and adenomatous growths. 
adenomatosis (ad-en-o-mat-o'sis). The condition 
in which a glandular tissue becomes the seat of 
exuberant adenomatous growths. 
adenomycosis (ad"en-o-mi-ko'sis) [adenoma 4- 
mycosis]. An endemic adenomatous disease of 
Brazil, caused by Adenomyces cruzi (Dias). 
adenomyofibroma (ad"en-o-mi-o-fi-bro'mah). A 
fibroma containing adenomatous and myomatous 
tissue. 
adenomyoma (ad"en-o-mi-o'mah). A tumor com- 
posed of glandular and muscular tissue, a. psam- 
mopapilla're, a multiple papillary tumor in the 
broad ligament described by Pick. 
adenomyometritis (ad"en-o-mi-o-met-ri'tis). In- 
flammatory hyperplasia of the uterus resembling 
adenomyoma. 
adenomyositis (ad"en-o-mi-o-si'tis). An inflam- 
matory hypertrophy of the uterus resembling 
adenomyoma. 
adenomyxoma (ad"en-o-mik-so'mah). A tumor 
composed of glandular and mucous tissue. 
adenomyxosarcoma (ad"en-o-mik"so-sar-ko'- 
mah). Myxosarcoma of a gland, or one blended 
with adenoma. 
adenoneure (ad'en-o-nur) [Gr. 88i]v gland + 
neuron]. A neuron controlling glandular action. 
adenopathy (ad-en-op'ath-e) [Gr. gland + 
it ados disease]. Any disease of the glands, espe- 
cially of the lymphatic glands. 
adenopharyngitis (ad"en-o-far-in-ji'tis) [Gr. 
gland + <papv7$ pharynx + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. 
adenophlegmon (ad"en-o-fleg'mon) [Gr. a8i]v 
gland + phlegmon]. Phlegmonous adenitis. 
adenophthalmia (ad"en-of-thal'me-ah) [Gr. aSyv 
gland + o^aX/zos eye]. Inflammation of the 
meibomian glands. 
adenosarcoma (ad"en-o-sar-ko'mah). Sarcoma of 
a gland, or adenoma with sarcomatous elements, 
embryonal a., a congenital growth of the kidney 
or suprarenal body of very complex structure, 
resembling a sarcoma. 
adenosarcorhabdomyoma (ad"en-o-sar"ko-rab"- 
do-mi-o'mah) [Gr. &8r)v gland + trapl; flesh + 
pa./38os rod + pvs muscle]. A tumor made up of 
elements of adenoma, sarcoma, and rhabdomyoma. 
adenosclerosis (ad"en-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. a8rp> 
gland + <tkXt]pw0is hardening]. The hardening 
of a gland. 
adenosin (ad-en'o-sin). A pentosid derived from 
nucleic acid. It is composed of ribose and adenin. 
adenosis (ad-en-o'sis). Any disease of a gland 
or set of glands. 
adenotome (ad'en-o-tom) [Gr. &8yv gland 4- ropr] 
cutting]. An instrument for cutting glands. ADENOTOMY 
43 
ADJUSTMENT 
aderhotomy (ad-en-ot'o-me) [Gr. aSqv gland 4- 
Te^Feiv to cut]. 1. The anatomy, incision, or dis- 
section of glands. 2. Excision of adenoids. 
adenotyphus (ad-en-o-ti'fus) [Gr. aSqv gland + 
typhus}. Typhus fever in which the lesions appear 
chiefly in the mesenteric glands and spleen. 
adenyl (ad'en-il). A radical, C5H4N4, contained in 
adenin. 
adephagia (ad-e-fa'je-ah). See addephagia. 
adeps (ad'eps), gen. ad'ipis [L. " lard "]. Hogs' 
lard; axungia. a. anseri'nus, goose-grease, a. 
benzoina'tus, benzoinated lard; lard containing 
1 per cent, of benzoic acid or 2 per cent, of ben- 
zoin. a. lan'ae, wool-fat, or lanolin, a. lan'se 
hydro'sus, hydrous or purified wool-fat. a. 
ovi'lus, sheep's suet, or tallow. a. suil'lus, 
hogs' lard. 
adermia fah-der'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. + Seppa skin]. 
Congenital defect or absence of the skin. 
adermogenesis (ah-der-mo-jen'es-is) [Gr. a neg. + 
Seppa skin + 7ere<Tis origin]. Imperfect develop- 
ment of the skin. 
Adhatoda (ad-hat'o-dah). A genus of plants. 
The leaves of A. justi'cia or A. vas'ica are used in 
asthma, either by smoking in cigarettes or inter- 
nally in powder or tincture. Dose of powder, 
10 gr. (0.65 gm.). 
adhesion (ad-he'zhun) [L. adhcFsio, from adhce'rere 
to stick to]. 1. The abnormal joining of parts 
to each other. 2. Any band or patch by which 
parts abnormally cohere. 3. In dentistry the force 
that retains full upper dentures without vacuum 
chambers, attic a's, adhesions about the gall- 
bladder and pyloric region, primary a., healing 
by the first intention, secondary a., healing by 
the second intention. 
adhesive (ad-he'siv). 1. Sticking or adhering 
closely. 2. Characterized by adhesion of con- 
tiguous parts. 
adhesol (ad-he'sol). A surgical dressing similar to 
collodion. It contains copal, benzoin, tolu bal- 
sam, thyme oil, alpha-naphthol, and ether. 
Adhib. Abbreviation for L. adhiben'dus, to be ad- 
ministered. 
adiabatic (ah-di-ab-at'ik). Conducted without the 
evolution or absorption of heat. 
adiactinic (ah-di-ak-tin'ik) [Gr. a neg. + Sia 
through 4- b.KTis ray]. Impervious to actinic rays, 
adiadochocinesia (ah-di-ah-do"ko-sin-e'se-ah). 
See adiadokocinesis. 
adiadokocinesis, adiadokokinesis (ah-di-ah- 
do-ko-sin-e'sis, or -kin-e'sis) [Gr. a neg. + dia- 
dokokinesis]. Inability to arrest one motor im- 
pulse and substitute for it one that is diametrically 
opposite (Baginsky). 
Adiantum (ad-e-an'tum) [Gr. a priv. + Siaiveiv to 
moisten], A genus of ferns, popularly called 
maidenhair: pectoral demulcents. 
adiaphoresis (ah-di-af-o re'sis) [Gr. a neg. + 
Siatpopelv to perspire]. Deficiency or absence of 
the perspiration. 
adiaphoretic (ah-di-af-o-ret'ik). Causing sup- 
pression or diminution of perspiration. 
adiapneustia (ah"di-ap-nus'te-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
Sianvetv to breathe through]. Absence or dimi- 
nution of the perspiration; anhidrosis. 
adiathermancy (ah-di-ath-er'man-se) [Gr. a neg. 
4- Sia through + Oeppr) heat]. The condition of 
being impervious to heat-waves. 
adiathetic (ah-di-ath-et'ik) Occurring without 
reference to diathesis or constitutional tendency. 
adicity (ad-is'it-e). Valence. 
adiemorrhysis, adisemorrhysis (ah-di-em-or'is- 
is) [Gr. a neg. + Sia through 4- aqua blood 4" pvais 
flow]. Stoppage of circulation of blood. 
adipectomy (ad-ip-ek'to-me) [L. ad'eps 4- Gr. 
eKrop-q excision]. The excision of a mass of adipose 
tissue, as from the abdomen or buttocks. 
adipic (ad-ip'ik) [L. ad'eps fat]. Pertaining to fat. 
adipocele (ad'ip-o-sel) [L. ad'eps fat + Gr. KqXq 
hernia]. A hernia containing fat or fatty tissue. 
adipocellular (ad"ip-o-sel'u-lar). Composed of 
connective tissue and fat. 
adipocere (ad'ip-o-ser) [L. ad'eps fat + ce'ra wax]. 
A peculiar waxy substance formed by the decom- 
position of animal bodies, and seen especially in 
human bodies buried in moist places. It con- 
sists principally of fatty acids. Called also grave- 
wax. 
adipofibroma (ad"ip-o-fib-ro'mah), pl. adipofibro'- 
mala. Adipoma with fibrous elements. 
adipogenic, adipogenous (ad-ip-o-jen'ik, ad-ip- 
oj'en-us) [L. ad'eps fat 4- gig'nere to beget]. Pro- 
ducing fat or fatness. 
adipohepatic (ad"ip-o-he-pat'ik). Same as adipo- 
genic. 
adipoid (ad'ip-oid) [L. ad'eps fat 4- Gr. oi3o$ form]. 
Same as lipoid. 
adipol (ad'ip-ol). A proprietary mineral-fat prep- 
aration. 
adipolysis (ad-ip-ol'is-is) [L. ad'eps fat + Gr. Xixns 
solution]. The digestion or hydrolysis of fats. 
adipolytic (ad-ip-o-lit'ik). Effecting the digesi:on 
of fats. 
adipoma (ad-ip-o'mah), pl. adipo'mata. Cruveil- 
hier's term for lipoma. 
adipometer (ad-ip-om'et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the thickness of the skin. 
adipose (ad'ip-6s) [L. adipo'sus fatty], i. Of a fatty 
nature; fatty; fat. 2. The fat present in the cells 
of adipose tissue. 
adiposis (ad-ip-o'sis) [L. ad'eps fat]. 1. Obesity 
or corpulence. 2. Fatty degeneration, a. cere- 
bra'lis, cerebral adiposity. See under adiposity. 
a. doloro'sa, a disease accompanied by painful 
localized fatty swellings and by various nerve 
lesions. The disease is usually seen in women, and 
may cause death from pulmonary complications. 
Called also Dercum's disease, a. hepat'ica, 
fatty infiltration or degeneration of the liver, 
a. orcha'lis, a condition of marked obesity de- 
veloping in the course of tumor of the brain and 
associated with defective genital development, 
a. tubero'sa sim'plex, a disorder resembling 
adiposis dolorosa, marked by development in the 
subcutaneous tissue of fatty masses which are 
sometimes painful to pressure; called also Anders' 
disease, a. universa'lis, a deposit of fat gener- 
ally throughout the body, including the internal 
organs and ductless glands. 
adipositas (ad-ip-os'it-as) [LJ. Fatness. a. 
cerebra'lis. See cerebral adiposity, under adip- 
osity. a. cor'dis. See fatty heart, 2d def. a. 
ex vac'uo, fatty atrophy. 
adipositis (ad-ip-o-si'tis). Inflammation of the 
subcutaneous adipose tissue. 
adiposity (ad-ip-os'it-e). The state of being fat; 
fatness; obesity, cerebral a., fatness due to 
cerebral disease, especially disease of the pituitary 
body. See Frohlich's syndrome, under syndrome. 
adiposuria (ad-ip-o-su're-ah) [L. ad'eps fat + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The occurrence of fat in the urine; 
lipuria. 
adipsia (ah-dip'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- Sif/a thirst]. 
Absence of thirst, or abnormal avoidance of drink- 
ing. 
aditus (ad'it-us) [L.]. An entrance or approach, 
a. ad an'trum, the recess which lodges the head 
of the malleus and the greater part of the incus, 
a. ad aquseduc'tum cer'ebri [BNA], the en- 
trance to the aqueduct of Sylvius, a. ad infun- 
dib'ulum, the passage from the third ventricle to 
the infundibulum cerebri, a. glot'tidis, one of 
the openings of the glottis, a. laryn'gis, the aper- 
ture of the larynx, a. or'bitse, the orbital opening. 
adjustment (ad-just'ment). 1. The mechanism for 
raising and lowering the tube of a microscope. 2. ADJUVANT 
44 
ADVENTITIOUS 
A chiropractic word for the replacement of a sub- 
luxated vertebra for the purpose of relieving press- 
ure on a spinal nerve, absolute a., the accom- 
modation of either eye separately. 
adjuvant (ad'ju-vant) [L. ad'juvans aiding]. 1. 
Assisting other remedies. 2. An auxiliary remedy. 
ad lib. Abb. of L. ad lib'Hum, at pleasure. 
admaxillary gland (ad-mak'sil-a-re). See gland. 
admedial, admedian (ad-me'de-al, ad-me'de-an). 
Situated near the median plane. 
adminiculum (ad-min-ik'u-lum) [L.]. 1. A sup- 
port. 2. The expansion of fibers extending from the 
superior pubic ligament to the posterior surface of 
the linea alba. Called also a. lin'ece al'boe. 
admov. Abbreviation for L. admo've, admovea'iur, 
add, let there be added. 
adnata (ad-na'tah). See tunica adnata. 
ad nauseam (ad naw'se-am) [L.]. To the extent 
of producing nausea. 
adnephrin (ad-nef'rin). A preparation similar in 
all respects to epinephrin. 
adneural (ad-nu'ral) [L. ad near 4- Gr. vevpov 
nerve]. Situated near a nerve. 
adnexa (ad-neks'ah) [L. pl.]. Appendages or ad- 
junct parts, a. oc'uli, the lacrimal apparatus 
and other appendages of the eye. a. u'teri, the 
ovaries and oviducts. 
adnexal (ad-neks'al). Pertaining to adnexa, espe- 
cially the adnexa uteri. 
adnexitis (ad-neks-i'tis). Inflammation of the ad- 
nexa uteri. 
adnexopexy (ad-neks'o-pek-se) [L. adnexa 4- Gr. 
rrfj&s fixation]. The operation of elevating and 
fixing the fallopian tube and ovary to the ab- 
dominal wall. 
adnexorganogenic (ad-neks'or-gan-o-jen'ik). 
Having its origin in the adnexa uteri. 
adolescence (ad-o-les'ens) [L. adolescen'tia]. Youth; 
period between puberty and maturity. 
adonidin (ad-on'id-in). A poisonous glucosid, 
C24H10O9, from Ado'nis verna'lis. It is an amor- 
phous powder, and is used as a heart tonic and diu- 
retic: not unlike digitalin in its effects. Dose, j-J 
gr. (0.0075-0.015 gm.). 
adonin (ad-o'nin). A glucosid, C20H40O9, from 
Ado'nis amuren'sis, a plant of Asia: used like 
adonidin, but in somewhat larger doses. 
Adonis (ad-o'nis) [L.]. A genus of poisonous 
ranunculaceous plants, natives of Europe, Asia, 
and Africa. A. astiva'lis and A. verna'lis are 
valuable cardiac stimulants. Dose of fluidex- 
tract, 1-2 min. (0.066-0.132 c.c.); of tincture, 
10-30 min. (0.66-2 c.c.). 
adonitol (ad-on'it-ol). A pentahydric'alcohol found 
in Adonis vernalis. By oxidation it yields ribose. 
adoral (ad-o'ral) [L. ad near 4- os, o'ris mouth]. 
Near the mouth. 
Ad. pond. om. Abbreviation for L. ad pon'dus 
om'nium, to the weight of the whole. 
adralgin (ad-ral'jin). A local anesthetic contain- 
ing adrenalin, cocain, and thymol. 
adrenal (ad-re'nal) [L. ad near 4- ren kidney]. 
1. A suprarenal capsule. 2. Situated near the kid- 
ney. Marchand's a's, accessory suprarenal 
bodies in the broad ligament. 
adrenalectomy (ad-re-nal-ek'to-me) [adrenal 4- Gr. 
eKTopi) excision]. Excision of the suprarenal bodies. 
adrenalin (ad-ren'al-in). Same as epinephrin. Its 
hydrochlorid is used locally in a 1 : 10,000 to 1 : 
1000 solution in conjunctivitis, iritis, coryza, hay- 
fever, etc., and is applied to mucous surfaces before 
operation to prevent bleeding. It is given in- 
ternally as a cardiac stimulant and for the relief of 
asthmatic attacks. Dose. 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
a. inhalant, a neutral oily solution of adrenalin 
chlorid for application to mucous membranes. 
adrenalinemia (gd-ren"al-in-e'me-ah) [adrenalin 
+ Gr. alpa blood]. Presence of adrenalin in the 
blood. 
adrenalinoscope (ad-re-nal-in'o-skop) [adrenalin 
+ Gr. aKoirelv to see]. An apparatus for detecting 
the presence of adrenalin in a liquid. 
adrenalitis, adrenitis (ad-re-nal-i'tis, ad-re-ni'- 
tis). Inflammation of the adrenals. 
adrenalone (ad-ren'al-dn). A ketone, (HO)2- 
C6H;jCOCH2NHCH3, obtained by oxidation of an 
adrenalin derivative. 
adrenin (ad-re'nin). A proprietary preparation 
from the medulla of the suprarenal gland. 
adreninemia (ad-ren-in-e'me-ah). Adrenalinemia. 
adrenochrome (ad-re'no-krom). A sulphur com- 
pound of the suprarenal gland for the internal 
treatment of skin diseases. 
adrenodont (ad-ren'o-dont). A person showing 
adrenodontia. 
adrenodontia (ad-ren-o-don'she-ah) [adrenal 4- 
Gr. 63ous tooth]. Tooth form indicative of ad- 
renal predominance. The canines are large and 
sharp, and the occlusal surfaces of the teeth have a 
brownish coloration. 
adrenotrope (ad-ren'o-trop). A person exhibiting 
adrenotropism. 
adrenotropic (ad-ren-o-trop'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by adrenotropism. 
adrenotropism (ad-ren-ot'ro-pizm) [adrenal + Gr. 
tpoTrr/ a turning]. That type of endocrine consti- 
tution in which the influence of the adrenals pre- 
dominates. 
adrenoxidase (ad-ren-ok'sid-as). Oxygenized ad- 
renal secretion. 
adrenoxin (ad-re-noks'in). A substance supposed 
to give blood-plasm, its oxidizing powers being 
formed in the lungs by combination of oxygen 
with the internal secretion of the adrenals. 
adrin (ad'rin). Epinephrin hydrate, an active prin- 
ciple of the suprarenal gland: hemostatic and 
vasomotor stimulant. 
adrue (ad'ru-e). The Cype'rus articula'tus, a grass- 
like plant of the West Indies, with a tonic, anti- 
emetic, and anthelmintic root. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
adsorption (ad-sorp'shun) [L. ad to 4- sor'bere to 
suck]. The concentration of a gas or a substance 
in solution in a liquid on a surface in contact with 
the gas or liquid resulting in a relatively high con- 
centration of the gas or solution at the surface. 
This is especially important where the surface is 
increased, as in porous (charcoal) or powdered sub- 
stances. 
Adst. feb. Abbreviation for L. abslan'te Jeb're, 
while fever is present. 
adstemal (ad-ster'nal). Situated near the ster- 
num. 
ADTe. Symbol for tetanic contraction, produced 
by an application of the positive pole with the 
circuit closed. 
adterminal (ad-ter'min-al). Passing toward the 
end of a muscle: said of an electric current. 
Adv. Abbreviation for L. adver'sum, against. 
advance (ad-vans'). To perform the operation of 
advancement on. 
advancement (ad-vans'ment). Surgical detach- 
ment, as of a muscle or tendon, followed by re- 
attachment at an advanced point; chiefly an 
operation for strabismus. The round ligaments 
of the uterus have been sometimes advanced for 
retrodisplacement. capsular a., the artificial 
attachment of a part of Tenon's capsule in such 
a way as to draw forward the insertion of an 
ocular muscle, tendon a., advancement applied 
to a tendon. 
adventitia (ad-ven-tish'e-ah) [L.]. The outer coat 
of an artery. See artery. 
adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us) [L. ad to 4- veni're 
to come], 1. Accidental or acquired; not natu- ADYNAMIA 
45 
AEROSCOPE 
raj-or hereditary. 2. Found out of the normal or 
usual place. 
adynamia (ad-in-a'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- Svoapcs 
might]. Lack or loss of the normal or vital powers. 
adynamic (ad-in-am'ik). Characterized by adyna- 
mia; asthenic. 
A. E. German abbreviation for antitoxin unit. 
Aeby's plane (a'bez) [Christoph Theodor Aeby, 
Swiss anatomist, 1835-1885]. See plane. 
secology (e-kol'o-je). Same as ecology. 
Aedes (a-e'dez) [Gr. aqbqs unpleasant]. A genus of 
mosquitos. A. sollic'itans, the common salt- 
marsh mosquito. A. spen'ceri, a species found 
on the Saskatchewan prairies. Same as Stegomyia. 
sedoeocephalus (ed-e-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. alboia geni- 
tals 4- Ke<paXq head]. A monster-fetus with no 
mouth, nose like a penis, and but one orbit. 
sedoeology (e-de-ol'o-je). See edeology. 
2Eg. Abbreviation for L. a'ger ce'gra, the patient, 
aegagropilus. See egagropilus. 
£gle (e'gle). See bael. 
segophony (e-gof'o-ne). For this and other words 
beginning with ae see egophony, etc. 
selurophobia (e-lu-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. dlXovpos cat 
4" <pbfdos fear], A morbid dread or dislike of cats, 
sequator (e-kwa'tor). Equator. 88. bul'bi oc'uli 
[B N A], equator of the eyeball, an imaginary line 
around the eyeball equidistant from the two poles. 
88. len'tis [BN A], the periphery of the lens be- 
tween the two layers of the zonula ciliaris. 
aequum (e'kwum) [L. "equal"]- Pirquet's term to 
represent the amount of food required to maintain 
weight under a given condition of activity. 
aer (a'er) [Gr. dqp air]. Same as atmos. 
aerarium (a-er-a're-um), pl. dera'ria [L.]. An ap- 
paratus or arrangement for providing or securing 
fresh air. 
aerasthenia (a"er-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. dqp air 4- 
asthenia]. Psychasthenia with loss of self-confidence 
and mental worry, seen in drivers of aeroplanes. 
aerated (a'er-a-ted) [L. dera'tus]. 1. Charged with 
air. 2. Charged with carbon dioxid. 
aeration (a-er-a'shun) [L. a'er air]. 1. The arte- 
rialization of the venous blood in the lungs. 2. 
The charging of a liquid with carbon dioxid gas. 
aerendocardia (a"er-en-do-kar'de-ah) [Gr. dqp air 
4- ev8ov in 4- napbia heart]. The presence of gas 
or air within the heart. 
aerenterectasia (a"er-en-ter-ek-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. dqp 
air 4- Ivrepov intestine 4- enraais distention]. 
Distention of the intestines with air or gas. 
aerhemoctonia (a"er-hem-ok-to'ne-ah) [Gr. dqp 
air 4- al pa blood 4- ktovos killing]. Death caused 
by air in the veins. 
aerial (a-e're-al). Pertaining to the air. a. sick- 
ness, aviators' disease. See under disease. 
aeriferous (a-er-if'er-us) [L. a'er air 4- fe/re to 
bear]. Conveying air. 
aeriform (a-eFif-orm) [L. a'er 4- fo/ma form]. 
Like the air; gaseous. 
aerobe (a'er-6b) [Gr. aqp air 4- (Sios life]. A micro- 
organism which can live and grow in the presence 
of free oxygen. Called also derobion. 
aerobia (a-er-o'be-ah). The plural of aerobion, 
facultative a., micro-organisms which normally 
do not grow in the presence of oxygen, but which, 
under certain circumstances, acquire the power of 
living in it. obligate a., organisms which always 
need oxygen in order to live. 
aerobic, aerobiotic (a-er-o'bik, a"er-o-bi-ot'ik). 
Growing only in air or free oxygen. 
aerobion (a-er-o'be-on). Same as aerobe. 
aerobioscope (a-er-o-bi'o-skop) [Gr. aqp air 4- filos 
life 4- aKoirelv to view]. An apparatus for anal- 
yzing the bacterial composition of air. 
aerobiosis (a"er-o-bi-o'sis). The condition of 
being aerobiotic. 
aerobium (a-er-o'be-um). The singular of aerobia. 
aerocele (a'er-o-sel) [Gr. aqp air 4- nqXq tumor], A 
tumor formed by air filling an adventitious pouch, 
such as laryngocele and tracheocele. 
aerochir (a'er-o-ker). An aeroplane carrying a sur- 
geon and radiologist with their equipment. 
aerocolia (a"er-o-ko'le-ah). Aerocoly. 
aerocolpos (a"e-ro-kol'pos) [Gr. ai)p air 4- koXttos 
vagina]. Distention of the vagina with gas. 
aerocoly (a-er-o'ko-le) [Gr. aqp air + colon]. Dis- 
tention of the colon with gas. 
aerocystoscope (a-er-o-sis'to-skop). Same as 
aero-urethroscope. 
aerocystoscopy (a"er-o-sis-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. aqp air 
4* fans bladder 4- vKoireiv to inspect]. Exam- 
ination of the bladder with the aero-urethroscope. 
aerodermectasia (a"er-o-der-mek-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. 
aqp air 4- Seppa skin + enraais extension]. Sub- 
cutaneous or surgical emphysema. 
aerodynamics (a"er-o-di-nam'iks) [Gr. aqp air 4- 
bvvapis power]. The science of gases in motion. 
aerogen (a'er-o-jen). An aerogenic or gas-produc- 
ing bacterium. 
aerogenesis (a"er-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. aqp air + 7ep«<ris 
formation]. Gas-production. 
aerogenic (a"er-o-jen'ik). Producing gas. 
aerohydropathy (a"er-o-hi-drop'ath-e) [Gr. aqp 
air + v8wp water + iraOos disease]. The thera- 
peutic use of air and water. 
aerohydrotherapy (a"er-o-hi-dro-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 
aqp air 4- v8wp water + Oepairela treatment]. The 
therapeutic use of air and water. 
aerometer (a-er-om'et-er) [Gr. aqp air 4- per poo 
measure]. An instrument for weighing air or for 
estimating the density of air. 
aeromicrobe (a"er-o-mi'krob) [Gr. aqp air 4- 
piKpos small + (Hot life]. Any aerobic micro- 
organism. 
aeropathy (a-er-op'ath-e) [Gr. aqp air 4- iraOos dis- 
ease]. The condition frequently seen in persons 
exposed to greatly altered vasometric pressure; 
caisson disease. 
aeroperitonia (a"er-o-per-it-o'ne-ah) [Gr. aqp air 
+ peritoneum]. Air or gas in the peritoneum. 
aerophagy, aerophagia (a-er-of'aj-e, a"er-o-fa'- 
je-ah) [Gr. aqp air 4- <payeiv to eat]. Spasmodic 
swallowing of air, followed by eructations: seen 
in hysteria. 
aerophilous (a-er-of'il-us) [Gr. aqp air 4- <ptXeip 
to love]. Loving air; requiring air for proper 
growth: said of bacteria. 
aerophobia (a-er-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aqp air 4- <p60os 
fear], i. Morbid dread of drafts of air. 2. A 
form of rabies marked by extreme dread of cur- 
rents of air. 
aerophore (a'er-o-for) [Gr. aqp air 4- ipopelv to 
carry], A device used in inflating with air the 
lungs of stillborn children. 
aerophyte (a'er-o-fit) [Gr. dqp air 4- ipvTov plant]. 
An air plant; any microbe or other plant organ- 
ism that derives its sustenance from the air. 
aeroplethysmograph (a"er-o-pleth-iz'mo-graf) 
[Gr. dqp air + irXqOvffpds enlargement 4- ypa<pei.v 
to record]. An apparatus for registering the 
amount of air respired. 
aeropleuria (a-er-o-plu're-ah) [Gr. dqp air 4- 
irXevpa side]. Same as pneumothorax. 
aeroporotomy (a"er-o-po-rot'o-me) [Gr. dqp air 4- 
■wopos passage 4- rop-q cutting]. Operation of 
letting air into the air-passages, as by intubation 
or tracheotomy. 
aeroscope (a'er-o-skop) [Gr. aqp air 4- vKoireiv th 
inspect]. An instrument for the microscopic ex- 
amination of the air in respect of its purity. AEROSIALOPTHAGY 
46 
AGAMETE 
aerosialopthagy (a"er-o-si-al-of'aj-e). See sialo- 
aerophagy. 
aerosis (a-er-o'sis) [Gr. &pp air]. The production of 
gas in the tissues or organs of the body. 
aerostatics (a-er-o-stat'iks) [Gr. anp air + aranKos 
causing to stand]. The science of gases in equilib- 
rium. 
aerotaxis (a"er-o-taks'is) [Gr. aqp air + ra^is 
order]. The attractive and repellent influence 
exercised by oxygen on aerobic and anaerobic 
bacteria respectively. 
aero therapeutics, aerotherapy (a"er-o-ther-ap- 
u'tiks, a"er-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. app air + Oepaireia 
treatment]. The use of air in treating diseases. 
aerothermotherapy (a"er-o-ther"mo-ther'ap-e) 
[Gr. aqp air + Qeppq heat + Oepaictia treatment]. 
Treatment with currents of hot air. 
aerothorax (a-er-o-tho'raks) [Gr. app air + Oupafi 
chest]. Same as pneumothorax. 
aerotonometer (a"er-o-to-nom'et-er) [Gr. app air 
+ rovos tone + perpov measure]. An instrument 
for measuring the tension of the gases in the blood. 
aerotropism (a-er-ot'ro-pizm) [Gr. dpp air + 
Tpoiros turning]. The growth of organisms to- 
ward of away from a supply of air. 
aerotympanal (a-er-o-tim'pan-al) [L. a'er air + 
lym' panum drum]. Performed by the agency of 
the air and the tympanum. 
aero-urethroscope (a"er-o-u-reth'ro-skop) [Gr. 
app air + urethroscope]. A urethroscope by which 
the urethra is dilated with air before inspection. 
aero-urethroscopy(a"er-o-u-reth-ros'ko-pe). The 
use of the aero-urethroscope. 
aerozol (a-er'o-zol). An essential oil containing 
25 parts of ozone. 
aerteriversion (a-er"ter-iv-er'shun) [Gr. app air + 
T-qpeiv to hold + L. ve/sio turning]. Surgical 
eversion of the ends of a bleeding artery for the 
arrest of hemorrhage. 
aerteriverter (a-er"ter-iv-er'ter). An instrument 
for use in aerteriversion. 
aertryckosis (a-er-trik-o'sis). Infection with Ba- 
cillus aertrycke (Bacterium cholerce suis). 
8BS-, set-. For words thus beginning, see those 
beginning es-, et-. 
sesculapian (es-ku-la'pe-an). Pertaining to T^scu- 
lapius, the god of medicine, or to the art of medi- 
cine; medical or medicinal. 
As'culus hippocas'tanum. The horse-chestnut, 
the bark and seeds of which are antirheumatic and 
have been used in malaria. 
sesthesioneuro'sis. See esthesioneurosis. 
set. Abbreviation for L. atas, age. 
sether (e'ther). See ether. 
SBthyl (eth'il). Ethyl. 
Aetius (a-e'she-us). A Greek medical writer who 
flourished about 500 a. d., the author of a medical 
work in sixteen books, the Tetrabiblon. 
afebrile (ah-feb'ril). Without symptoms of fever. 
afermol (ah-fer'mol). A proprietary serum from 
the blood of horses, in powdered form, used in treat- 
ing foul, purulent wounds and ulcers. 
afetal (ah-fe'tal). Without a fetus. 
affect (af-ekt'). A Freudian term for the emotional 
complex associated with a mental state. 
affection (af-ek'shun). A morbid condition or dis- 
eased state. 
affective (af-ek'tiv). Pertaining to a feeling or 
mental state. 
affectomotor (af-ek-to-mo'tor). Combining emo- 
tional disturbance with muscular activity. 
Affenspalte (af'en-spahl-te) [Ger.]. Same as ape- 
fissures. See under fissure. 
afferent (af'er-ent) [L. ad to + fer're to carry]. 
Centripetal or esodic; conveying from the per- 
iphery to the center. 
afferentia (af-er-en'she-ah) [L.]. i. Any afferent 
vessels, whether blood- or lymph-vessels. 2. The 
lymph-vessels in general. 
affinity (af-in'it-e) [L. affin'itas relationship]. 1. 
Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. Chemic 
attraction. chemic a., the force that unites 
atoms of different substances, elective a., that 
force by which a substance chooses or elects to 
unite with one substance rather than with another, 
residual a., the force which causes the com- 
ponents of a chemic reaction to associate. 
afflux, affluxion (af'luks, af-luk'shun) [L. afflux'- 
us, afflux'io] The rush of blood to a part. 
affusion (af-u'zhun) [L. afiu'sio]. The pouring 
of water upon a part or upon the body for reduc- 
ing fever or correcting nervous symptoms. 
afral (af'ral). A crystalline substance used as a 
preservative for wine, beer, cider, etc. 
African lethargy (af'rik-an). See Congo trypano- 
somiasis, under trypanosomiasis. 
afridol (af'rid-ol). Sodium hydroxymercuric tolu- 
ylate, CeHafCHslCO.ONafHgOH), a tasteless 
white powder, used in making a soap recom- 
mended for disinfecting the hands and for the 
treatment of parasitic skin diseases. 
afrodyn (af'ro-din). A proprietary aphrodisiac, 
said to be a tincture of muirapuama. 
afsal (af'sal). See urasol. 
aftanin (afz tan-in). A brownish liquid used in 
veterinary medicine, and said to be an infusion 
of herbs with glycerin and formaldehyd. 
after-birth (af'ter-berth). The structure, con- 
sisting of the placenta and membranes, cast from 
the uterus after the birth of the child. 
after-brain (af'ter-bran). See metencephalon. 
after-cataract (af-ter-kat'ar-akt). See cataract. 
after-image (af'ter-im-aj). A visual impression 
lasting after the image proper has ceased to be 
visible. A positive after-image is one in which 
the bright parts of the appearance remain bright, 
the dark parts dark. In a negative after-image 
the bright parts appear dark and the dark parts 
bright. 
after-impression (af"ter-im-preshzun). Same as 
after-sensation. 
after-movement (af'ter-moov'ment). Kohn- 
stamm's phenomenon; spontaneous elevation of 
the arm by idiomuscular contraction after benumb- 
ing it by powerful pressure against a rigid object. 
after-pains (af'ter-panz). The pains felt after the 
birth of the child, due to the contraction of the 
uterus. 
after-sensation (af"ter-sen-sa'shun). A sensation 
lasting after the stimulus that produced it has 
been removed. 
after-sound (af'ter-sownd). The hearing of sound 
after the cessation of the vibration that produced it. 
after-stain (af'ter-stan). A stain used after an- 
other stain for the purpose of producing greater 
differentiation of details. 
after-taste (af'ter-tast). A taste continuing after 
the substance producing it has been removed. 
after-vision (af'ter-vizh'un). The perception of 
an after-image. 
afunction (ah-funk'shun). Loss of function. 
Ag. Chemic symbol of silver (argentum). 
agalactia (ah-gal-ak'she-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 7<iXa 
milk]. Absence or failure of the secretion of milk. 
agalactous (ah-gal-ak'tus). 1. Checking the secre- 
tion of milk. 2. Not nursed; artificially fed. 
agal-agal (ah"gal-ah'gal). Same as agar-agar. 
agalorrhea (ah-gal-o-re'ah) [Gr. a priv. + 7&Xa 
milk + poia flow]. Absence or arrest of the milk 
flow. 
agamete (ah'gam-et) [Gr. a neg. + yauos marriage]. 
An amebula which develops directly into an adult 
without sexual union. AGAMIC 
47 
AGAR 
agamic (ah-gam'ik) [Gr. a neg. + ya.fj.os marriage]. 
Asexual. 2. Reproducing without impregnation. 
agamobium (ag-am-o'be-um) [Gr. a neg. + ydfxos 
marriage + ^ios life]. The asexual stage in the 
alternation of generations. Cf. gamobium. 
Agamofilaria (ah-gam-o-fil-a're-ah). A genus of 
nematode parasites only imperfectly known. 
Species (A. labia'lis, A. georgia'na, A. oc'uli, and 
A. conjuncti'vce) have been found occasionally in 
ulcerations and tumor formations. 
agamogenesis (ah-gam-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. a priv. + 
ya.fj.os marriage + birth]. Reproduction 
without sexual congress. 
agamogenetic (ah-gam-o-jen-et'ik). Reproducing 
asexually. 
agamogony (ah-gam-og'o-ne) [Gr. a not + ya/jos 
marriage + youos offspring]. Reproduction with- 
out sexual process; schizogony. 
agamont (ah'gam-ont) [Gr. a not + ya/jos marriage 
+ uv being]. Same as schizont. 
agamous (ah'gam-us). Agamic. 
agar (ag'ar). Culture-media, solidified with agar- 
agar (q. v.). See also under culture-medium. 
aesculin a>., nutrient agar containing 0.5 per 
cent, of sodium taurocholate, 0.1 per cent, of 
aesculin, and 0.05 per cent, of ferric citrate, as- 
citic a. See serum a. ascitic fluid a., nu- 
trient agar, 600 c.c., to which has been added dis- 
tilled water, 210 c.c., ascitic fluid, 90 c.c., and nu- 
trose, 6 gm. Ashby's a., a synthetic culture- 
medium for growing the azotobacter. It contains: 
mannit 20 gm., dipotassium phosphate 0.2 gm., 
magnesium sulphate 0.2 gm., sodium chlorid 0.2 
gm., calcium sulphate 0.1 gm., calcium carbonate 
1 gm., water 1000 c.c., and agar-agar 15 gm. 
Avery's sodium oleate a. See sodium oleate a. 
bile salt a. (MacConkey), an agar culture- 
medium containing agar-agar per cent., pep- 
tone 2 per cent., sodium taurocholate J per cent., 
lactose 1 per cent., and sufficient neutral red to 
color it. Biaxall's English proof a. See. Eng- 
lish proof a. blood a., nutrient agar containing 
about 10 per cent, of citrated blood and used as a 
bacteriologic culture-medium especially for the 
gonococcus, blood a. (Washbourn), inclined nu- 
trient agar tubes over which fresh sterile blood 
has been flowed. Braun's fuchsin a. See 
fuchsin a. brilliant green a. (Conradi), a 
nutrient agar containing 0.00065 per cent, of bril- 
liant green and 0.0065 per cent, of picric acid, 
brilliant green a. (Krumwiede), a beef-extract 
agar containing Andrade indicator 1 per cent., 
lactose 1 per cent., glucose 0.1 per cent., brilliant 
green 1 : 350,000 to 1 : 500,000. The reaction 
should be neutral to Andrade's indicator, bril- 
liant green-bile salt a., a nutrient agar con- 
sisting of agar-agar 20 gm., peptone 20 gm., sodium 
taurocholate 5 gm., lactose 5 gm., brilliant green 
solution (1 : 1000) 20 c.c., and picric acid (1 per 
cent, solution) 20 c.c. brilliant green-eosin 
a., a nutrient agar containing lactose 1 per cent., 
saccharose 1 per cent., eosin 0.06 per cent., and 
brilliant green 1 :300,000. It is used for the 
isolation of Bacterium typhosum. carbolized a., 
a nutrient agar containing 0.1 per cent, of phenol, 
china green a., a nutrient agar containing 15 
c.c. of a 0.2 per cent, solution of china green per 
liter. Conradi's brilliant green a. See 
brilliant green a. Conradi-Drigalski's litmus 
nutrose a. See litmus nutrose a. dextrose a., 
nutrient agar containing 2 per cent, of dextrose. 
Drigalski-Conradi's litmus nutrose a. See 
litmus nutrose a. egg-albumen a., a mixture of 
egg-albumen broth 250 c.c., and nutrient agar 600 
c.c. egg yolk a., a mixture of egg yolk 2 parts, 
and 1.5 per cent, solution of agar-agar 5 parts. 
Put it under suction and shake for five minutes. 
E.-M.-B. a. See eosin-methylene-blue a. and 
Holt-Harris and Teague's E.-M.-B. c. English 
proof a., the same as French proof agar except 
that Witte's peptone is used in place of Chassaing's 
peptone, eosin-methylene-blue a., an agar 
used for the identification of Bacillus coli. A stock 
agar is made up containing peptone io gm., agar- 
agar 15 gm., dipotassium phosphate 2 gm., and 
water 1000 c.c. For use, to each 100 c.c. of melted 
agar add 1 gm. of lactose, 2 c.c. of a 2 per cent, 
aqueous solution of eosin, and 2 c.c. of a 2 per 
cent, aqueous solution of methylene-blue. Eyre's 
nutrose a. See nutrose a. Fawcus' brilliant 
green-bile salt a. See brilliant green-bile salt a. 
fish gelatin a., fish bouillon solidified with 0.5 
per cent, of agar-agar and 7 per cent, of gelatin. 
Flemming's oleic acid a. See oleic acid a. 
French mannite a. See French proof a. 
French proof a., a nutrient agar containing 
Chassaing's peptone 1 per cent., agar-agar 1.3 per 
cent., and maltose or mannite 4 per cent, fuchsin 
a., a nutrient agar containing 1 per cent, of lac- 
tose, 0.01 per cent, of fuchsin, and 0.025 per cent, 
of sodium sulphite, fuchsin-sulphite a. See 
fuchsin a. gelatin a., nutrient bouillon solidified 
with 10 to 12 per cent, of gelatin and 0.5 per cent, 
of agar-agar, glucose a. See dextrose a. glu- 
cose formate a., nutrient agar containing 2 per 
cent, of glucose and 0.4 per cent, of sodium formate, 
glycerin a., nutrient agar containing 6 per cent, 
of glycerol. Guy's citrated blood a. See blood 
a. haricot a., haricot bouillon solidified with 
11 per cent, of agar-agar. Heiman's serum a. 
See serum a. Kitchen's a., nutrient agar con- 
taining only o.1 per cent, of agar-agar. Holt- 
Harris andTeague's E.-M.-B. a., to nutrient 
agar add, just before using, | per cent, of saccharose 
and | per cent, of lactose. Then to each 100 c.c. 
add 2 c.c. of 2 per cent, eosin solution and 2 c.c. of 
0.5 per cent, of methylene-blue, hydrocele a. 
See serum a. Kanthack and Stephens' serum 
a. See serum a. Kitasato's glucose formate 
a. See glucose formate a. lactose litmus a., 
nutrient agar containing 2 per cent, of lactose 
and sufficient litmus to color the medium a bluish- 
purple color when cool. The reaction should be 
Ph 7.5 to 7.8. lead acetate a., nutrient agar 
containing 0.05 per cent, of basic lead acetate. 
Paratyphoid A does not change this medium; the 
other members of the group blacken it. Libman's 
serum a. See serum a. litmus nutrose a., 
the same as nutrose agar except that 3 per cent, of 
agar-agar is used and meat extract is used in place 
of serum-water. Loftier's malachite green 
a. See malachite green a. MacConkey's bile 
salt a. See bile salt a. malachite green a., 
nutrient agar containing in each liter 10 gm. of 
dextrose and from 16 to 25 c.c. of a 1 per cent, 
solution of malachite green, meat extract a., 
meat extract bouillon solidified with 1 per cent, of 
agar-agar, meat infusion a., meat infusion 
bouillon solidified with 1 per cent, of agar-agar. 
Moor's nitrogen-free a. See nitrogen-free a. 
nitrogen-free a., a culture-medium containing 
the following: magnesium sulphate 0.2 gm., 
monopotassium acid phosphate 1 gm., sugar 10 
gm., and agar 15 gm. in tap-water 1000 c.c. 
nutrient a., nutrient bouillon solidified with 1 
per cent, of agar-agar, nutrose a., a nutrient 
agar containing 25 per cent, of blood-serum,-1 per 
cent, of nutrose, 1 per cent, of lactose, 12 per cent, 
of litmus solution, and 1 per cent, of crystal-violet 
solution (1 : 1000). plain a. See nutrient a. 
pleuritic a. See serum a. potato a., wash, 
pare, and slice one potato; boil for one hour; strain; 
add 10 gm. of sugar and water to 1000 c.c.; solidify 
with agar-agar. Russel's double sugar a., 
nutrient agar containing 0.1 per cent, of dextrose, 
1 per cent, of lactose, and sufficient litmus to 
color it. Russel's double sugar a. with lead 
acetate, to nutrient agar add Andrade's indi- 
cator 1 per cent., lactose 1 per cent., glucose 0.1 
per cent., and basic lead acetate 0.05 per cent. 
Sabouraud's French mannite a. See French 
proof a. Sabouraud's French proof a. See 
French proof a. saccharose-mannitol a., 
nutrient agar containing 1 per cent, of saccharose. AGAR-AGAR 
48 
AGGLUTINATION 
0.1 per cent, of mannitol, and 1 per cent, of An- 
drade's indicator. It is used in the study of intes- 
tinal bacteria, serum a. (Heiman), a mixture of 
1 part of ascitic (pleuritic or hydrocele) fluid with 
2 parts of nutrient agar. The latter should be 
made up with 3 per cent, of agar-agar so as to 
solidify after diluting with the fluid, serum a. 
(Kanthack and Stephens), ascitic, pleuritic or hy- 
drocele fluid is first heated with 0.2 per cent, of 
sodium hydroxid and then solidified with 0.5 per 
cent, of agar-agar. Either 1 per cent, of glucose or 
| per cent, of glycerol, or both may be added, 
serum a. (Libman), two volumes of agar contain- 
ing 1J per cent, of agar-agar and 2 per cent, of 
dextrose is mixed with one volume of ascitic, 
pleuritic, or hydrocele fluid, serum a. (Wert- 
heimer), equal volumes of double strength nutrient 
agar and human blood-serum are mixed, sodium 
oleate a., to 100 c.c. of a hormone agar is added 
5 c.c. of a 2 per cent, solution of sodium oleate and 
1 c.c. of a red blood-cell suspension in nutrient 
bouillon. It is used for growing influenza, starch 
a., a beef infusion agar made without either salt 
or peptone, but containing 1 per cent, of corn- 
starch. sulphindigotate a., nutrient agar 
containing 2 per cent, of glucose and 0.1 per 
cent, of sodium sulphindigotate. tryp a., a meat 
infusion agar in which the chopped meat instead 
of being infused in the refrigerator overnight is 
digested with trypsin for five or six hours, urine 
a., freshly passed urine solidified with to 2 per 
cent, of agar-agar. Vedder's starch a. See 
starch a. Washbourn's blood a. See blood a. 
Wassermann's ascitic fluid a. See ascitic 
fluid a. Werbitski's China green a. See China 
green a. Wertheimer's serum a. See serum a. 
whey a., whey obtained by curdling fresh milk 
with rennet is solidified with to 2 per cent, of 
agar-agar, wort a., beer-wort solidified with 1 
per cent, of agar-agar. Wurtz's lactose-litmus 
a. See lactose-litmus a. 
agar-agar (ag"ar-ag'ar) [Singhalese]. A gelatinous 
galactan prepared from Ceylon moss (Gracilaria 
lichenoides) and related East Indian sea-weeds. 
It "dissolves" in boiling water and the colloidal 
dispersion thus formed has the property of becom- 
ing fluid at the boiling-point of water and of solidi- 
fying at about 390 C. It is highly resistant to all 
known digestive enzymes, but easily hydrolyzed 
by acids. It is extensively used as a solidifying 
agent in bacteriologic culture-media; it is used in 
Asia in the preparation of soups and jellies; and 
because of its indigestibility it is sometimes added 
to the diet to relieve constipation. 
agaric (ag-ar'ik) [Gr. ayapiKov]. 1. Any mush- 
room; more especially any species of Agar'icus. 
2. The tinder or punk prepared from dried mush- 
rooms. fly a., a poisonous species used like 
white agaric, purging a., white a., the Polyp'- 
orus officina'lis, a spongy mass growing on larch 
trees. It is used to check excessive secretion, as 
in the night-sweats of phthisis, bronchorrhea, and 
diarrhea. Dose, 3-10 gr. (0'2-0.65 gm.), sur- 
geons' a., the Polyp'orus officina'lis from beech 
and oak trees: used as a hemostatic. 
agaricin (ag-ar'is-in). 1. A poisonous principle, 
C14H48G2, from white agaric, Polyp'orus officina'lis, 
useful in the night-sweats of tuberculosis. Dose, 
1 gr. <0.0027-0.011 gm.). 2. An impure ex- 
tract of white agaric; used like true agaricin. 
Dose, gr. (0.0054-0.011 gm.). 
Agaricus (ag-ar'ik-us). A genus of mushrooms. 
See agaric. A. campes'tris, the common edible 
mushroom. A. musca'rius. See Amanita mus- 
caria. 
agastric (ah-gas'trik) [Gr. a neg. + yaarr/p stom- 
ach], Having no alimentary canal. 
agastroneuria (ah-gas-tro-nu're-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 
yaarr/p stomach + vevpov nerve]. Defective ner- 
vous tone in the stomach. 
agathin (ag'ath-in) [Gr. ay ados good]. A green- 
ish-white, crystalline compound, C9H4(OH)CHN, 
N(CH3)C9H5, of salicyl and a-methylphenylhydra- 
zone. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether 
and alcohol: it is used, like salicylic acid, in neuralgia 
and rheumatism. Dose, 8-10 gr. (0.52-0.65 gm.). 
Called also cosmin. 
Agathinus (ag-ath-i'nus). A Greek physician who 
lived in the latter part of the first century. He 
was a pupil of Athenaeus. 
Agave (ag-a've) [L.; Gr. ayauij noble]. A genus 
of amaryllidaceous plants. A. america'na and 
other species afford an alterative, laxative, and 
diuretic juice, from which pulque (q. v.) is pre- 
pared in Mexico. Dose of fresh juice, 2 fl.oz. 
(60 c.c.); of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
Ag3C9H,O7. Silver citrate. 
AgC3H3O3+H2O. Silver lactate. 
Agchylostoma. Same as Ankylostoma. 
AgCl. Silver chlorid. 
AgCN. Silver cyanid. 
agenesia, agenesis (ah-jen-e'se-ah, ah-jen'es-is) 
[Gr. a priv. + ytpeais generation]. 1. Defective 
development or absence of parts. 2. Sterility or 
impotence. 
agenitalism (ah-jen'it-al-izm). A condition due to 
lack of the internal secretion of the testicles or 
ovaries, such as is seen in castrated persons. 
agenosomia (ah-jen-o-so'me-ah). Monstrosity of 
the kind exemplified by the agenosomus. 
agenosomus (ah-jen-o-so'mus) [Gr. a priv. + 
yevvav to beget + awga body]. A monster-fetus 
with no genitals, or rudimentary ones, and even- 
tration of the lower part of the abdomen. 
agent (a'jent) [L. a'gens acting]. Any power, prin- 
ciple, or substance capable of acting upon the 
organism, whether curative, morbific, or other, 
bacteriolytic a. See bacteriophage. 
ageusia, ageustia (ah-gu'se-ah, ah-gus'te-ah) [Gr. 
a neg. + yevacs taste]. Lack or absence of the 
sense of taste. 
agger (aj'er) [L. "mound"]. An eminence, a. na si 
[BN A] [L. "ridge of the nose"], an elevation at 
the anterior free margin of the middle turbinated 
bone. a. perpendicula'ris, eminentia fossae 
triangularis, a. valvse ve nae, an elevation of 
the wall of a vein over the site of a valve. 
agglomerate, agglomerated (ag-lom'er-at, ag- 
lom'er-a-ted) [L. agglomera'tus, from ad together 
+ glo'mus mass]. Crowded into a mass. 
agglutinable (ag-lu'tin-ab-1). Capable of ag- 
glutination. 
agglutinant (ag-lu'tin-ant) [L. agglut'inans glu- 
ing]. 1. Promoting repair by adhesion. 2. A 
plaster or gluey application which holds parts 
together during the process of healing. 3. Same as 
agglutinin. 
agglutination (ag-lu-tin-a'shun) [L. agglutina'tio]. 
1. The action of an agglutinant substance. 2. 
A process of union in the healing of a wound. 
3. A phenomenon consisting of the collection into 
clumps of the cells distributed in a fluid. It is 
believed to be caused by specific substances called 
agglutinins, the molecules of which become at- 
tached to the cells. The phenomenon is seen when 
a bacterial culture is treated with serum immunized 
against the particular organism. Called also clump- 
ing. See also Widal test, under test. acid a., the 
agglutination of micro-organisms at some particular 
hydrogen-ion concentration, chief a. See chief 
agglutinin, group a., agglutination of various 
members of a group of biologically related organ- 
isms by an agglutinin specific for one of that 
group. For instance, the specific agglutinin of 
typhoid bacilli may agglutinate other members of 
the colon-typhoid group, such as B. coli and B. 
enteritidis. immediate a., healing by the first 
intention, macroscopic a., agglutination done 
in test-tubes or other containers large enough so 
that the flocculation and sedimentation of the 
organisms can be seen with the unaided eye. AGGLUTINATIVE 
49 
AGONAL 
mediate a., healing by the formation of plastic 
material. microscopic a., agglutination so done, 
usually by means of a hanging drop, that the 
clumping of the micro-organisms can be observed 
■with the microscope, minor a., part a. See 
partial agglutinin, under agglutinin. 
agglutinative (ag-lu'tin-a-tiv). Same as agglu- 
tinant. 
agglutinator (ag-lu'tin-a-tor). Something which 
agglutinates; an agglutinin. 
agglutinin (ag-lu'tin-in). An antibody found in 
an immune serum which when added to a homo- 
geneous suspension of its specific micro-organism 
causes such a change that the organisms adhere to 
one another and thus form clumps (Gruber, 
Durham, 1896). An agglutinin which is specific 
for any organism is called its chief a., and one com- 
mon to two or more organisms is known as a 
coagglutinin or group a. Called also paralysin. 
Cf. Widal test, under test, chief a., the specific 
immune agglutinin in the blood of an animal im- 
munized against a disease or micro-organism. It 
is active at a higher dilution of the blood-serum 
than are the partial agglutinins. Called also haupt- 
a. and major a. group a., an agglutinin which 
has a specific action on certain organisms, but 
which will agglutinate other species as well, 
haupt-a. See chief a. immune a., a specific 
agglutinin found in the blood as a result of recover- 
ing from the disease or of having been injected with 
the micro-organism, major a. See chief a. 
minor a. See partial a. normal a., a specific 
agglutinin found in the blood of an animal or of 
man that has neither had the disease nor been 
injected with the causative organism, partial 
a., an agglutinin present in an agglutinative serum 
which acts on organisms that are closely related to 
the specific antigen, but in a lower dilution. Called 
also minor a., mit-a., neben a., para-agglutinin, and 
coagglutinin. 
agglutinogen (ag-lu-tin'o-jen). The agglutinable 
substance present in bacteria which, when intro- 
duced into the animal body, stimulates the latter 
to form agglutinin. 
agglutinogenic (ag-lu"tin-o-jen'ik). Pertaining 
to the production of agglutinins; producing agglu- 
tinins. 
agglutinoid (ag-lu'tin-oid). An agglutinin which 
is unable to cause agglutination, but can still unite 
with its agglutinogen. 
agglutinophore (ag-lu'tin-o-for) [agglutinin fl- 
Gr. <popbs bearing]. That constituent of an ag- 
glutinin to which its agglutinating property is 
believed to be due. 
agglutinoscope (ag-lu-tin'o-skop) [agglutinin fl- 
Gr. aKoireip to view]. An apparatus for examining 
the tubes to ascertain the agglutination in the ag- 
glutination reaction. 
agglutinum (ag-lu'tin-um). The agglutinable part 
of a bacillus. 
agglutinumoid (ag-lu-tin'u-moid). An agglu- 
tinin which has been heated, yet still retains its 
agglutinating power. 
agglutogenic (ag-lu-to-jen'ik). Causing the for- 
mation of agglutinins. 
agglutometer (ag-lu-tom'et-er). An apparatus 
for performing the Gruber-Widal test without the 
use of a microscope. 
Aggred. feb. Abbreviation for L. aggredien'te 
feb're, while the fever is coming on. 
aggregate, aggregated (agTeg-at, ag'reg-a-ted) 
[L. aggrega'tus, from ad to fl- grex flock]. Crowded 
or clustered together. 
aggressin (ag-res'in). A substance supposed to 
exist in the body of an infected animal and to 
increase the virulence or make aggressive the action 
of the micro-organisms, artificial a., a sub- 
stance resembling an aggressin found when bac- 
teria undergo autolysis. 
aggressivity (ag-res-iv'it-e). The force by which 
an invading micro-organism strives to maintain 
itself against the defensive forces of the host. 
aghara (ag-hah'rah). A diuretic and astringent 
compound used in dropsy, diarrhea, dysentery, 
etc. Dose of infusion, ij-2 fl.oz. (50-60 c.c.). 
Agl. Silver iodid. 
Agit. vas. Abbreviation for L. agita'ta va'se, the 
vial being shaken. 
agitographia (aj"it-o-gra'fe-ah) [L. agita're to hurry 
+ Gr. ypaipetv to write]. Excessive rapidity of 
writing with unconscious omission of words or 
parts of words. It is usually associated with 
agitophasia. 
agitophasia (aj"it-o-fa'se-ah) [L. agita're to hurry 
Gr. + <pd<rts speech]. Excessive rapidity of speech 
in which words or syllables are unconsciously 
omitted or imperfectly uttered. 
aglaukopsia (ah-glaw-kop'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. + 
yXavKos green + b\pi$ vision]. Green-blindness. 
aglobulia (ah-glo-bu'le-ah) [Gr. a neg. + L. glo'bu- 
lus globule]. Decrease in the proportion of red 
blood-corpuscles. 
aglossia (ah-glos'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. + yXuaoa 
tongue]. 1. Congenital absence of the tongue. 
2. Absence of the power of speech. 
aglossostomia (ah-glos-o-sto'me-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 
yXu>aaa tongue + urdpa mouth]. Absence of 
the tongue and closure of the mouth. 
aglycone (ah-gli'kon) [Gr. a neg. + yXvKos sweet fl- 
cot' being]. The non-carbohydrate part of a glu- 
cosidic molecule. 
agmatin (ag'mat-in). A base, NH.C(NH)2(CH2)4- 
NH2, obtained by Kossel (1910) from herring 
sperm. It is the amin formed from arginin by the 
loss of CO2. 
agmatology (ag-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. dypos fracture 
fl- Xoyos treatise]. The sum of what is known 
regarding fractures. 
agmel (ag'mel). A concentrated syrup made from 
the juice of the century plant, Ag'ave america'na. 
agmen (ag'men), pl. ag'mina [L. "a crowd"]. An 
aggregation, a. peyeria'num, Peyer's patches. 
agminate, agminated (ag/min-at, ag'min-a-ted) 
[L. ag'men a group]. Clustered. 
agnail (ag'nal). See hangnail. 
agnate (ag'nat). In Scotch law, the nearest relative 
on the father's side of one adjudged insane, and 
appointed guardian of the same. 
agnathia (ag-na'the-ah) [Gr. a neg. fl- yvdOos jaw]. 
Congenital absence of a jaw. 
Agnew's splint (ag'newz) [David Hayes Agnew, 
Philadelphia surgeon, 1818-1892]. See under 
splint. 
agnin (ag'nin) [L. ag'nus lamb] A wool-fat prep- 
aration used as an ointment base. 
agnosia (ag-no'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. fl- yvoata. per- 
ception]. Loss of the power to recognize the im- 
port of sensory stimuli. The varieties correspond 
with the several senses and are distinguished as 
auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile. 
ideational a., loss of the special associations 
which make up the idea of an object from its com- 
ponent ideas. 
agnus castus (ag'nus kas'tus) [L. " chaste lamb"]. 
The chaste-tree, Vi'tex ag'nus-cas'tus: said to be 
anaphrodisiac. Its present use is chiefly homeo- 
pathic. 
Ag2O. Silver oxid. 
agomensin (ag-o-men'sin). A preparation con- 
taining the lipamin of the corpus luteum: used to 
stimulate the menstrual flow. 
agomphiasis (ag-om-fi'a-sis) [Gr. a neg. + yopupios 
tooth]. Looseness of the teeth. 
agonal (ag'o-nal). 1. Pertaining to the death- 
agony. 2. Pertaining to terminal infection. AGONIADIN 
50 
AIR 
agoniadin (ag-o-ni'ad-in). A glucosid from Plume'- 
ria sue'cuba: used in intermittent fever. Dose, 2-4 
gr. (0.13-0.26 gm.). 
agony (ag'o-ne) [Gr. ayoopla]. 1. Severe pain or 
extreme suffering. 2. The death-struggle. 
agopyrin (ag-o-pi'rin). A proprietary remedy for 
influenza, said to contain salipyrin, ammonium 
chlorid, and cinchonin sulphate. 
agoraphobia (ag-o-raf-o'be-ah) [Gr. &yopa market- 
place + <pP0os fear]. A feeling of fear at the 
thought of being alone in a large open space (West- 
phal, 1871). 
agotan (ag'o-tan). A British preparation which is 
the same as atophan. 
agouti (ah-goo'te). . A rodent of the genus Dasy- 
procta, about the size of a rabbit, found in tropical 
America. 
AgPO,. Silver phosphate. 
agraffe (ag-raf') [Fr.]. A clamp-like instrument for 
keeping together the edges of the wound in opera- 
tion for harelip. 
agrammatica (ag-ram-at'ik-ah). Agrammatism, 
agrammatism (ag-ramzat-izm) [Gr. aypapparos 
unlettered]. Inability to utter words in their cor- 
rect sequence; impairment of the power to speak 
grammatically and syntactically. 
agranulocyte (ah-gran'u-lo-sit). A non-granular 
leukocyte. 
agranuloplastic (ah-gran"u-lo-plas'tik) [Gr. a 
peg. -f- granule 4- Gr. TrXaaaeLP to form]. Form- 
ing non-granular cells only; not forming granular 
cells. 
agraphia (ah-graf'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- ypa^eLP to 
write]. Inability to express thoughts in writing, 
due to a central lesion, absolute a., literal 
a., loss of the power to form even single letters, 
acoustic a., loss of the power of writing from 
dictation, a. amnemon'ica, agraphia in which 
letters and words can be written, but not so ar- 
ranged as to express any idea. a. atac'tica, 
absolute agraphia, cere'bral a. Same as mental 
a. jargon a., agraphia in which the patient can 
write, but forms only senseless combinations of 
letters, literal a., inability to write letters of the 
alphabet, mental a., agraphia due to inability 
to put thought into phrases, motor a., agraphia 
due to motor incoordination, musical a., 
loss of the power to write musical symbols, optic 
a., agraphia in which the patient cannot copy 
writing, but can write from dictation, verbal 
a., ability to form letters, but not able to write 
words. 
agraphic (ah-graf'ik). Pertaining to, affected with, 
or of the nature of, agraphia. 
agremia (ag-re'me-ah) [Gr. aypa seizure 4- alpa. 
blood]. That condition of the blood which char- 
acterizes gout. 
agria (ag're-ah) [L.; Gr. ay pios wild]. An obsti- 
nate pustular eruption. 
agridinium (ag-rid-in'e-um). A dye-stuff used in 
the treatment of trypanosomiasis. 
agrimony (ag'rim-o-ne). The Agrimo'nia eupa- 
to'ria, a rosaceous plant: astringent and tonic. 
Dose in substance, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.). 
agriothymia (ag-re-o-thim'e-ah) [Gr. aypios wild 
4- 0vp6s mind]. Insane ferocity. 
agrius (a'gre-us) [L. "wild"]. Very severe: said of 
skin eruptions. 
agromania (ag-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. aypos field 4- 
paula madness]. Insane passion for solitude or 
for wandering in the fields. 
agronomy (ag-ron'om-e) [Gr. aypos field 4- popos 
law]. Rural economy; husbandry. 
Agrostem ma githa'go. Corn-cockle, Lych'nis 
githa'go, a plant whose seeds cause githagism. 
agrypnia (ah-grip'ne-ah) [Gr. ay pvirpos sleepless]. 
Sleeplessness or insomnia. 
agrypnode (ah-grip'nod). Same as agrypnotic. 
agrypnotic (ah-grip-not'ik) [Gr. iey pviruoTiKos}- i. 
Promoting wakefulness. 2. A drug that pre- 
vents sleep. 
AgS. Silver sulphid. 
Ag2SO4. Silver sulphate. 
ague (a'gu) [Fr. aigu sharp]. Malarial fever, or 
any other severe recurrent symptom of malarial 
origin, brass-founders' a., a disease of brass- 
founders, with symptoms like those of malarial 
fever, brow-a., intermittent neuralgia of one 
of the brows. a.-cake, enlargement of the 
spleen, due to malarial poisoning, catenating 
a., that which is associated with some other dis- 
ease. a.-drop, Fowler's solution, dumb-a., 
ague with no well-marked chill, and with only a 
slight periodicity, face a., tic douloureux, 
quartan a., that in which the paroxysms are 
seventy-two hours apart, quintan a., that in 
which the paroxysms are ninety-six hours apart, 
quotidian a., that in which there is a twenty- 
four hours' interval between the paroxysms, 
shaking a., a severe form of malarial paroxysm, 
beginning with a marked chill, tertian a., that 
in which the paroxysms are forty-eight hours 
apart. 
aguirin (ag-u'ir-in). Agurin. 
agurin (ag'u-rin). A white, odorless powder, C7H7- 
N40aNa + CH3.CO.ONa, soluble in water, formed 
by the combination of theobromin and sodium 
acetate, and containing 60 per cent, of the former. 
It is a powerful diuretic. Dose, 15-45 gr- (i~3 
gm.). 
A. G. V. Abbreviation for anilin gentian violet. 
ah. The symbol of hypermetropic astigmatism. 
Ahlfeld's sign (ahl'felts) [F. A hl fold, German ob- 
stetrician, born 1843]. See under sign. 
ahypnia, ahypnosis (ah-hip'ne-ah, ah-hip-no'sis) 
[Gr. a neg. + virvos sleep]. Morbid wakefulness or 
insomnia. 
aichmophobia (ak-mo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. alxpv spear- 
point + fear]. An insane fear of sharp- 
pointed objects. 
aidoitis (a-id-o-i'tis). Same as vulvitis. 
Ailantus (a-lan'tus) [L. from Malacca name]. 
A genus of simarubaceous trees. The bark of 
A. glandulo'sa is purgative, tonic, and anthel- 
mintic. Dose of fluidextract, 10-60 min. (0.666- 
4 c.c.); of tincture, 10-120 min. (0.666-8 c.c.); of 
extract, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.). 
ailment (al'ment). Any disease or affection of 
the body. 
ailurophobia (i-lu-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aCKovpos cat + 
<pi>0os fear]. Morbid or insane fear of cats (Wier 
Mitchell). 
ainhum (an'hum, or, Portuguese, in-yoon') [Afri- 
can], A disease, also called dactylolysis spon- 
tanea, chiefly of African countries, in which the 
little toe, and sometimes other toes, drop off. 
The course of the disease is slow and the cause 
is unknown. 
aiodin (ah-i'o-din) [Gr. a neg. + iodin]. A thyroid 
extract in the form of an odorless powder which 
contains only 0.4 per cent, of iodin. It is used 
in myxedema. 
air (ar) [L. a'er; Gr. arjp]. The gaseous mixture 
which makes up the earth's atmosphere. It 
is an odorless, colorless gas, consisting of about 
1 part by volume of oxygen and 4 parts of nitro- 
gen, the proportion varying somewhat according 
to conditions. It also contains a small amount 
of carbon dioxid, ammonia, argon, nitrites, and 
organic matter, alkaline a., free ammonia^ 
alveolar a., the residual air in the vesicles of the 
lungs, complemental a., the air in excess of the 
tidal air which may be drawn into the lungs by 
forced inspiration, dephlogisticated a., oxy- 
gen. fixed a., carbon dioxid. liquid a., air lique- 
fied by great pressure. On evaporation it produces AIR-DRESSING 
51 
ALBEDO 
intense cold. Liquid air has been used to pro- 
duce local anesthesia; also in the treatment of 
neuralgia and zoster, minimal a., the small 
amount of air caught in the alveoli of the excised 
lungs, reserve a. Same as supplemental a. 
residual a., air that stays in the lungs after 
the strongest possible expiration, stationary 
a., that which remains in the lungs during normal 
respiration, supplemental a., air which may 
be expelled from the lungs in excess of that normally 
breathed out. tidal a., the air that is carried to 
and fro in normal respiration. 
air-dressing. Open wound treatment. 
air-hunger. See under hunger. 
airoform (i'ro-form). See airol. 
airol (i'rol). A green antiseptic powder, CgH2(OH)3- 
COO(BilOH), bismuth oxyiodogallate: it is odor- 
less, tasteless, and soluble in water and alcohol, 
and is used externally as an antiseptic and anti- 
gonorrheal in 10 per cent, emulsion or ointment. 
Called also airoform. 
Aitken's operation (a'kenz) [John Aitken, surgeon 
in Edinburgh, died 1790]. See under operation. 
Aitken's pill (a'kenz) [Sir William Aitken, Scotch 
physician, 1825-1892]. See under pill. 
ajacol, ajakol (aj-ak'ol). See thanatol. 
ajowan (aj'o-an). A plant of India, Am'mi 
cop'licum. The oil from its fruit contains thymol 
and cymene. 
ak-. For words thus beginning see ac-. 
akamushi disease (ak-am-oo'she) [Jap. aka red 
fl- mushi bug]. See Japanese river fever, under fever. 
akanthion (ak-an'the-on). See acanthion. 
akaralgia (ak-ar-al'je-ah). A proprietary eliminant 
remedy containing sodium sulphate, sodium salicyl- 
ate, magnesium sulphate, lithium benzoate, and 
tincture of nux vomica. 
akarkine (ak-ar'kin). A proprietary albuminate 
of arsenic: used in cancer. 
akaryota, akaryote (ah-kar-e-o'tah, ah-kar'e-6t) 
[Gr. a neg. + Kapvov nucleus]. Non-nucleated 
cells. 
akatama (ak-at-am'ah). A form of chronic periph- 
eral neuritis occurring in West Africa. It is marked 
by swelling, erythema, prickling sensations, burn- 
ing, numbness, and sometimes excessive sweating. 
akatamathesia (ah-kat"am-ath-e'zhe-ah) [Gr. a 
priv. + KaTapdOijais understanding]. Inability to 
understand. 
akatanoesis (ah-kat-ah-no'es-is) [Gr. a priv. + 
Kar avow to understand]. Inability to understand 
oneself (Heveroch, 1914). 
akathisia (ah-kath-iz'e-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Kad-qaai 
to set down]. A psychosis marked by morbid 
fear of sitting down and resulting inability to do 
so; called also acatisia and kathisophobia. 
aker lampong (ah'ker lam'pong). The native 
name of a poisonous substance derived from Strych- 
nos maingayi. 
akidogalvanocautery (ak"id-o-gal"van-o-kaw'- 
ter-e). Cauterization by the needle electrode. 
akidopeirastic (ak"id-o-pi-ras'tik) [Gr. &kIs needle 
+ ireLpaariKos testing]. Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by exploratory puncture with a needle. 
akinesia, akinesis (ak-in-e'se-ah, ak-in-e'sis) 
[Gr. a neg. + Kivlens motion]. Lack, loss, or 
cessation of movement. a. al'gera, paralysis 
or voluntary abstinence from motion caused by 
the intense pain accompanying muscular move- 
ments (Moebius). It is often seen in neurasthenic 
states, a. amnes'tica, loss of the power of 
movement from disuse. 
akinetic (ah-kin-et'ik). 1. Affected with akinesia. 
2. Diminishing the power of the muscles. 
akoasma (ak-o-as'mah), pl. akoas'mala. See acoasma. 
akoin (ak-o'in). Same as acoin. 
akoria (ah-ko're ah). See acoria. 
akouphone (ak'oo-fon). Same as acouophone. T 
akromegaly (ak-ro-meg'al-e). See acromegalia. 
akromikria (ak-ro-mik're-ah). Acromicria. 
aktol (ak'tol). Same as actol. 
Al. The chemic symbol for aluminum. 
al. A suffix used in forming the names of aldehyds, 
as chloroZ. 
ala (a'lah), pl. a'lce [L. "wing"]. Any wing-like 
process, a. al'ba media'lis, a white field near 
the ala cinerea of the fourth ventricle, a. au'ris, 
the pinna of the ear. a. cine'rea [B N A]. See 
trigonum vagi. a. il'ii, the upper, wing-like por- 
tions of the ilium, a. lob'uli centra'lis [BN 
A], the lateral portion of the central lobe of the 
cerebellum, a. mag'na, the great wing of the 
sphenoid, a. na si, the cartilaginous flap on the 
outer side of each nostril, a. os'sis il'ium [B 
N A]. Same as a. il'ii. a. par'va, the lesser wing 
of the sphenoid, a. pon'tis, either of two bands 
crossing the anterior end of the pyramid just below 
the pons. a. of the sacrum, the broad, flat 
bones extending outward from the base of the 
sacrum, a. vespertilio'nis, " bat's wing," the 
broad ligament of the uterus, a. vo'meris, 
either of the edges of the groove on the superior 
border of the vomer. 
ala-azar. See kala-azar. 
alalia (ah-la'le-ah) [Gr. a neg. + \a\eiv to speak], 
A defect of, or lack of the power of, speech, due 
to a local disease of the vocal organs. 
alalic (ah-lal'ik). Pertaining to, affected with, or 
of the nature of alalia. 
alangin (al-an'jin). A yellowish, amorphous alka- 
loid from Alan' gium. 
Alangium lamarkii (al-an'je-um lam-ar'ke-i). An 
East Indian plant whose root is emetic, anti- 
pyretic, and diuretic: used like ipecac. 
alanin (al'an-in). An amino-acid, CH3.CHNH2.- 
COOH, or aminopropionic acid (Stecker, 1849). 
a. mercury, mercury amino-propionate, [CH3- 
CH(NH2)COO]2Hg: used in doses of gr. (0.005- 
0.01 gm.). 
alant-camphor. See helenin. 
alantin (al-an'tin). See inulin. 
alantol (al-an'tol). An aromatic, oily liquid, 
C10H16, from elecampane: a substitute for creo- 
sote in phthisis and bronchitis. Dose, min. 
(0.011-0.032 c.c.). Called also inulol. 
alanyl-leucin (al"an-il-lu'sin). A dipeptid, CH3.- 
CH(NH2).CO.NH(COOH).CH.CH2.CH(CH3)2. 
alar (a'lar) [L. ala'ris]. 1. Pertaining to a wing or 
ala. 2. Pertaining to the armpit; axillary. 
alastrim (al-as'trim). Same as amaas. 
alate (a'lat) [L. ala'lus winged]. Having wings; 
winged. 
Alaymo (al-i'mo), Marco Antonio. A physician 
and medical writer of Sicily, 1590-1662. 
alba (al'bah) [L. " white "]. The white substance 
of the brain. 
albaigin (al-ba'ij-in). A preparation of silver 
nitrate and gelatose containing 15 per cent, of 
silver. 
albargin (al-bar'jin). A light yellow powder con- 
taining 15 per cent, of silver, combined with a 
gelatose soluble in hot and in cold water: used in 
gonorrhea in 0.1 to 0.2 per cent, solution. It is 
sold in tablets of 3 gr. (0.2 gm.) each. 
albargol (al-bar'gol). Same as albargin. 
Albarran's test (al-bar-anz') [Joaquin Albarran, 
Cuban surgeon in Paris, 1860-1912]. See under 
test. 
albation (al-ba'shun) [L. alba're to whiten]. The 
act of bleaching, or rendering white, as of dis- 
colored teeth. 
albedo (al-be'do). Latin for whiteness, a. ret'- 
inse, edema of the retina. ALBEE'S OPERATION 
52 
ALBUMINOUS 
Albee's operation (awl'bez) [Fred. Houdlett Albee, 
New York surgeon, born 1876]. See operation. 
Albers-Schonberg disease [German roentgen- 
ologist, 1865-1921]. Osteosclerosis fragilis. 
Albert's disease, operation, suture (al'berts) 
[G. Albert, Austrian surgeon, 1841-1900]. See under 
disease, operation, suture. 
albicans (al'bik-anz), pl. albican'tia [L.]. Either 
one of the corpora albicantia. 
albiduria (al-bid-u're-ah) [L. al'bidus, whitish 4- 
Gr. ovpov urine]. The discharge of white or pale 
urine. 
albidus (al'bid us) [L.]. Whitish. 
albine (al'ben). The diamidophosphid of egg yolk. 
Albini's nodules (al-be'nez) [Guiseppe Albini, 
Italian physiologist, born 1830]. See under 
nodule. 
albinism (al'bin-izm) [L. al'bus white]. Abnor- 
mal, but not pathologic, whiteness of the skin, 
hair, and eyes; achromoderma. The affection 
may be either partial or total, in which latter 
case it is known as albinis'mus universa'lis. This 
condition is often attended with astigmatism, 
photophobia, and nystagmus. 
albino (al-bi'no). A person affected with albinism, 
albinuria (al-bin-u're-ah). Same as albiduria. 
alb iodin (al-bi'o-din). A 12.5 per cent, solution of 
iodin in a glycerin base: used like alkaline iodids. 
albocinereous (al"bo-sin-e're-us) [L. al'bus white 
4- cine'reus gray]. Containing both white and 
gray matter. 
alboferrin (al-bo-fer'in). A nutrient preparation 
of iron, phosphoric acid, and albumin, free from 
peptones and albumoses. 
albolene (al'bo-len) [L. al'bus white 4- o'leum 
oil]. An oily white substance derived from 
petroleum; used as a base for ointments, salves, 
etc. Liquid albolene is used in spraying the nose 
and throat. 
albuco (al-bu'ko). A proprietary concentrated al- 
bumin-milk. 
albugin (al'bu-jin). A collective name for the 
albumins and globulins. 
albuginea (al-bu-jin'e-ah) [L. from al'bus white], 
A tough, whitish layer of fibrous tissue investing 
a part; especially a dense white membrane form- 
ing the immediate covering of the testicle. Called 
also tunica, albuginea testis, a. oc'uli, the sclera, 
a. ova'rii, the outer layer of the stroma of the 
ovary, a. pe'nis, the outer envelop of the corpora 
cavernosa. 
albugineotomy (al-bu-jin-e-ot'o-me) [albuginea 
4- Gr. ropT) cutting]. Incision of the tunica al- 
buginea of the testicle: done in chronic orchitis. 
albugineous (al-bu-jin'e-us) [L. albugin'eus]. Per- 
taining to or resembling the white of the eyes. 
albuginitis (al-bujin-i'tis). Inflammation of any 
one of the albugineous tissues or tunics. 
albugo (al-bu'go) [L. from al'bus white], A white 
corneal opacity. 
albukalin (al-bu-ka'lin). A substance, CsH10N2O8, 
found in leukemic blood. 
albulactin (al-bu-lak'tin). An easily soluble form 
of lactalbumin. 
albumen (al-bu'men) [L. from al'bus white]. 1. 
The white of eggs. 2. Old name for albumin. 3. 
The nutritive matter stored within a vegetable 
seed. 
albumimeter (al-bu-mim'et-er). Same as albu- 
minimeter. 
albumin (al-bu'min). A simple protein found in 
nearly every animal and in many vegetable tissues, 
and characterized by being soluble in water and 
coagulable by heat. It contains carbon, hydrogen, 
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur, but its exact com- 
position has not yet been determined, although 
the formula for crystallized albumin has been 
given as CyjoH^NngSsOj^ acetosoluble a., 
a form of albumin soluble in acetic acid, sometimes 
found in the urine; called also Patein's a. acid a., 
albumin altered by the action of an acid, alkali 
a., any albumin which has been treated with an 
alkali, a. of Bence-Jones, a kind of albumin 
in the urine of pseudo-albuminuria. When pre- 
cipitated, it can be redissolved by boiling, blood- 
a. Same as serum-a. caseiniform a., a variety 
coagulated by acids, but not by heat, circulating 
a., that which is found in the fluids of the body, 
coagulated a., albumin altered by heat or chemic 
action so as to be insoluble in water, neutral 
salt solutions, or dilute acid and alkaline solutions, 
derived a., any albumin altered by chemic 
action, egg-a., a variety derived from eggs and 
various animal fluids, hematin-a., a prepara- 
tion of ox-blood rich in iron. muscle a., a 
variety found in muscle-juice, native a., any 
albumin normally present in the body, organ a., 
any albumin derived from or existing in any par- 
ticular organ. Patein's a. See acetosoluble a. 
serum-a., a variety found especially in the blood, 
triphenyl a., a preparation of egg-albumin and 
phenol: used as a nutrient in bacteriologic study, 
vegetable a., any albumin derived from a plant 
or of vegetable origin. 
albuminate (al-bu'min-at). Any compound of 
albumin with a base or an acid, one of a class of 
proteins characterized by their solubility in dilute 
acids or alkalis, and by being insoluble in dilute 
salt solutions, water, or alcohol; called also de- 
rived albumin and derived protein. acid-a's are 
obtained by the action of a dilute acid on a 
native protein; alkali-a's, by the action of alka- 
lis on native proteins. 
albuminaturia (al-bu"min-a-tu're-ah) [albumin- 
ate + urine]. The presence of an excessive amount 
of albuminates in the urine. 
albuminiferous (al-bu-min-if'er-us) [albumin + L. 
fer're to bear]. Producing albumin. 
albuminimeter (al-bu-min-im'et-er) [albumin 4- 
meter]. An instrument used in determining the 
proportion of albumin present, as in the urine. 
albuminimetry (al-bu-min-im'et-re). The deter- 
mination of the proportion of albumin present. 
albuminiparous (al-bu-min-ip'ar-us) [albumin + 
L. pa/ere to produce]. Producing albumin. 
albuminocholia (al-bu'min-o-ko'le-ah) [albumin 
+ Gr. xbXi) bile]. The presence of protein in the 
bile. 
albuminoid (al-bu'min-oid) [albumin + Gr. elbos 
form], i. Resembling albumin. 2. Same as pro- 
tein. 3. A member of the scleroproteins. These 
are characterized by their insolubility. Examples 
are: keratin, elastin, collagen. 
albuminolysin (al"bu-min-ol'is-in) [albumin + 
lysin]. A lysin which produces disintegration of 
albumins. 
albuminometer (al-bu-min-om'et-er). An al- 
buminimeter. 
albuminone (al-bu'min-6n). A principle from 
various albuminoids, soluble in alcohol and not 
coagulated by heat. 
albuminoptysis (al"bu-min-op'tis-is) [albumin 4- 
Gr. TT-rveiv to spit]. Presence of albumin in the 
sputum. 
albuminoreaction (al-bu"min-o-re-ak'shun). The 
reaction of the sputum to tests for albumin; the 
presence of albumin (positive reaction) indicating 
pulmonary inflammation. 
albuminorrhea (al-bu"min-or-e'ah) [albumin 4- 
Gr. poia flow] Excessive excretion of albumins. 
albuminose (al-bu'min-oz). Same as albumose. 
albuminosis (al-bu-min-o'sis). An abnormal in- 
crease of the albuminous elements of the blood, 
or a condition resulting from such an increase. 
albuminous (al-bu'min-us). Containing, charged 
with, or of the nature of, an albumin. ALBUMINURETIC 
53 
ALCOHOL 
albuminuretic (al-bu"min-u-ret'ik) [albumin + 
Gt. ovprjTLKos diuretic]. 1. Causing or aggravating 
albuminuria. 2. A drug which causes a discharge 
of albumin in the urine. 
albuminuria (al"bu-min-u're-ah) [albumin + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of albumin in the 
urine. It indicates either a simple mixture of 
albuminous matters, as blood, with the urine, or 
a morbid'state of the kidneys, permitting albumin 
to pass from the blood, accidental a. Same 
as adventitious a. a. of adolescence, cyclic al- 
buminuria. adventitious a., that which is not 
due to a kidney disease; pseudo-albuminuria. 
Bamberger's hematogenic a., albuminuria 
during the later periods of severe anemia, car- 
diac a., that which is caused by valvular disease, 
colliquative a., albuminuria which is at first 
mild, but increases suddenly and markedly during 
convalescence: seen in typhoid fever, cyclic a., 
the appearance, at stated times each day, of a 
small proportion of albumin in the urine; observed 
principally in young persons. dietetic a., 
digestive a., albuminuria produced by the use 
of certain foods, emulsion a., albuminuria in 
which the turbidity does not disappear on filtra- 
tion heating or adding acid: seen in puerperal 
eclampsia. false a., adventitious albuminuria, 
febrile a., albuminuria due to fever. func- 
tional a., any albuminuria which is not truly 
pathologic, such as that of pregnancy or of ado- 
lescence; called also cyclic, intermittent, and transi- 
tory albuminuria, gouty a., the physiologic 
albuminuria in old people, with excessive secretion 
of urea, hematogenous a., hemic a., a 
variety due to abnormal condition of the blood, 
intermittent a. Same as cyclic a. intrinsic 
a. See true a. lordotic a., orthostatic albu- 
minuria due to lordotic deformity of the spine, 
mixed a., serous albuminuria occurring concur- 
rently with adventitious albuminuria, nephrog- 
enous a., that caused by renal disease, neurot- 
ic a., a variety dependent on nervous diseases, 
orthostatic a., orthotic a., a variety which 
passes away on prolonged rest in bed, but ■comes on 
again when the patient gets up; called also postural 
a. palpatory a., temporary a. produced by 
bimanual palpation of the kidneys, paroxysmal 
a. See cyclic a. physiologic a., the occurrence 
of albumin in the urine when there is no disease, 
postural a. See orthostatic a. a. praetuber- 
culo'sa, that occurring in the incipient stage of 
pulmonary tuberculosis, regulatory a., albu- 
minuria or the transitory elimination of albumin 
after excessive physical exercise, etc. renal a., 
albuminuria due to disease of the kidneys, serous 
a., true a., that which is characterized by the dis- 
charge with the urine of some of the albuminous 
elements of the blood, transient a. See cyclic a. 
albuminuric (al"bu-min-u'rik). Pertaining to 
albuminuria. 
albuminurophobia (al-bu"min-u-ro-fo'be-ah) [al- 
buminuria + Gr. <p6Bos fear]. 1. An exaggerated 
fear of acquiring albuminuria. 2. Overemphasis on 
the significance of albumin in the urine. 
albumoid (al'bu-moid). Same as albuminoid. 
albumone (al'bu-mon). A compound resembling 
proteose, supposed to occur in the blood. 
albumoscope (al-bu'mo-skop) [albumin + Gr. 
aKOTreiv to view]. An instrument for determin- 
ing the presence and amount of albumin in the 
urine. 
albumose (al'bu-mbs). Any primary product of 
the digestion of a protein, differing from albu- 
min in not being coagulable by heat. The albu- 
moses are convertible by further digestion into 
peptones. See antialbumose, deuteroalbumose, dys- 
albumose, hemialbumose, heteroalbumose, and prot- 
albumose. Bence-Jones a., a native protein 
found in the urine in severe disease of the bone- 
marrow, such as multiple myelomata. 
albumosease (al'bu-mos-as). An enzyme which 
splits up albumose. 
albumosemia (al"bu-mo-se'me-ah) [albumose + Gr. 
al pa blood]. Presence of albumose in the blood. 
albumosuria (ar'bu-mo-su're-ah). The presence 
of an albumose (proteose) in the urine. Bence- 
Jones a., the presence of Bence-Jones albumose in 
the urine. See Kahler's disease under disease. 
Bradshaw's a. Same as Bence-Jones a. entero- 
genic a., albumosuria due to intestinal decompo- 
sition. hematogenic a., albumosuria due to some 
intoxication, myelopathic a., albumosuria fol- 
lowed by softening of the bones and rheumatoid 
pains. See multiple myeloma, under myeloma. 
pyogenic a., albumosuria due to the absorption 
of pus-cells or exudate, as in pneumonia, septic 
processes, etc. 
alburn, alburnum (al'bem, al-ber'num) [L. 
"sap-wood"]. The softer part of the wood of 
exogenous plants, between the inner bark and the 
heart-wood. Called also sap-wood. 
albutannin (al-bu-tan'in). Same as tannalbin. 
alcapton (al-kap'ton). Same as homogentisic acid. 
alcaptonuria (al-kap-to-nu're-ah). Alkaptonuria, 
alcarnose (al-kar'nbs). A predigested artificial 
food consisting of maltose and albumose. 
alcarsin (al-ka/sin). Cacodyl oxid. 
Alcock's canal (al'koks) [Thomas Alcock, English 
anatomist, 1784-1833]. See under canal. 
alcogel (al'ko-jel). A gel which contains alcohol. 
alcohol (al'ko-hol) [Arabic al-koh'l something sub- 
tle]. 1. Ethyl hydrate, C2H5OH, a colorless, 
volatile liquid, of aromatic odor, distilled from 
various products of vinous fermentation. It is 
used internally as a cardiac stimulant in debili- 
tating diseases, such as diphtheria, typhoid fever, 
and the like. It is also used locally as an anti- 
septic and astringent, and for the preservation 
of anatomic and biologic specimens. In large 
doses alcohol is a narcotic poison, producing in- 
toxication with muscular incoordination, delir- 
ium, and coma. The alcohol of the pharma- 
copeia contains 92.3 per cent, by weight or about 
94.9 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol, and 
the dilute alcohol, 41.5 per cent, by weight or about 
48.9 per cent, by volume. 2. Any one of a.class of 
organic compounds formed from the aliphatic 
hydrocarbons by the substitution of one or more 
hydroxyl groups for an equal number of hy- 
drogen atoms; the term is still further extended 
to various substitution-products. They are dis- 
tinguished as monacid or monatomic, diacid 01; 
diatomic, triacid or triatomic, according as they con- 
tain one, two, or three hydroxyl groups, absolute 
a., that which contains not over 1 per cent, by 
weight of water, allyl a., a colorless, pungent, in- 
inflammable alcohol, C3H5OH. amyl a., amylic 
a., fusel oil, C5H11OH, obtained from corn-whisky 
and potato-whisky. It is poisonous and somewhat 
hypnotic: has been used in mental disorders and 
to relieve the cough of phthisis. Dose, 15-75 
min. (1-5 c.c.). anisyl a., an alcohol, C8H]0O2, 
in pungent, shining prisms, aromatic a., any 
fatty alcohol in which a hydrocarbon of the phenyl 
series replaces a part of the hydrogen of the alco- 
hol radical. benzyl a., a colorless oily liquid, 
CgH5.CH2.OH, phenylcarbinol or phenyl methyl- 
alcohol, occurring in balsam of Peru, balsam of 
Tolu, and styrax; it has local anesthetic properties, 
butyl a., a clear liquid, C4H9OH, from the molas- 
ses of beets: four isomeric forms are known, 
camphyl a., borneol, or Borneo camphor, car- 
naubyl a., a constituent of carnauba wax and of 
wool-fat. caustic a., sodium ethylate, ceryl 
a., a fatty alcohol, C26H54O, from Chinese wool, 
cetyl a., a fatty alcohol, C16H34O, from sperm- 
aceti. cinnamyl a. See styron. dehydrated 
a., absolute alcohol, denatured a., alcohol 
to which have been added certain materials, 
such as methyl alcohol, benzin, or pyridin, which ALCOHOLASE 
54 
ALEXANDER OF TRALLES 
render it unfit for a beverage or for medicinal pur- 
poses, but do not prevent its use for industrial pur- 
poses. deodorized a., one that contains 92.5 per 
cent, of absolute alcohol, and is free from fusel oil 
(amyl alcohol) and organic impurities, diacid a., 
diatomic a., any alcohol containing two hy- 
droxyl groups, diluted a., a liquid containing 
41.5 per cent, by weight, or 48.9 per cent, by 
volume, of absolute alcohol, ethyl a., ethylic 
a., ordinary alcohol, fatty a., any hydrate of 
a hydrocarbon derived from the paraffin series, 
glyceryl a., glycerin, isoamyl a., the amyl 
alcohol of fermentation. It is poisonous, ketone 
a., an alcohol which contains the ketone (car- 
bonyl) group, methyl a., methylic a., wood- 
spirit, CH4O. monacid a., monatomic a., 
any alcohol containing one molecule of hydroxyl 
joined with a hydrocarbon, phenylic a. Same 
as phenol, polyglucosic a., an alcohol having 
the formula CenHion + sOsh. primary, sec- 
ondary, tertiary a., one formed by the replace- 
ment of one, two, or three hydrogen atoms in 
carbinol with alkyls, propyl a., a colorless liquid, 
<CH3.CH2.CH2OH. unsaturated a., alcohol 
that is derived from unsaturated alkylens, wood 
a., methyl alcohol. 
alcoholase (al'ko-ho-las). A ferment which con- 
verts lactic acid into alcohol. 
alcoholate (al'ko-hol-at). A compound or prep- 
aration containing alcohol. 
alcoholic (al-ko-hol'ik) [L. alcohol'icus}. Pertain- 
ing to or containing alcohol. 
alcoholism (al'ko-hol-izm). Alcohol poisoning: the 
morbid effect of excess in alcoholic drinks, acute 
a., drunkenness, or the temporary disturbance 
caused by excessive use of alcohol, chronic a., 
the state induced by repeated and long-continued 
excess in the use of alcohol. 
alcoholistation, alcoholization (al"ko-hol-is- 
ta'shun, al"ko-hol-iz-a'shun). Treatment by ap- 
plication or injection of alcohol. 
alcoholize (al'ko-hol-tz). 1. To treat with alco- 
hol. 2. To transform into alcohol. 3. To trans- 
form into a subtle powder. 
alcoholomania (al"ko-hol-o-ma'ne-ah) {alcohol + 
Gr. pavia mania]. Maniacal craving for intoxi- 
cation by alcoholic beverages. 
alcoholometer .(al-ko-hol-om'et-er) [alcohol + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for finding the 
percentage of alcohol in any substance. 
alcoholophilia (al"ko-hol-o-fil'e-ah) [alcohol + 
Gr. <piXeiv to love]. A morbid appetite for alco- 
holic drinks. 
alcosol (al'ko-sol). A colloid solution with alcohol 
as the dispersion agent. 
alcresol (al-kre'sol). A proprietary solution of 
cresylic acid: used as an antiseptic. 
alcresta emetin, a. ipecac (al-kres'tah). See 
emetin and ipecac. 
aldehyd, aldehyde (al'de-hid) [L. al'cohol dehy- 
dra'tus dehydrated alcohol]. 1. Any one of a large 
class of substances derived from the primary alco- 
hols by oxidation and containing the group -CHO. 
2. Acetic aldehyd. acetic a., a volatile liquid, 
CH3.CHO, with a peculiar pungent odor. It has 
anesthetic and antiseptic properties, and produces 
narcosis when inhaled, amylic a. Same as 
■valeral, anisic a., a volatile oil, oxymethylben- 
zaldehyd, CH3O.CeH4.COH, obtainable from oil 
of anise and other volatile oils, benzoic a. See 
benzaldehyd. butylic a., a substance, isobutyl- 
aldehyd, (CH3)2CH.CHO. cinnamic a., a 
colorless aldehyd, CeHsfCH^COH, obtained from 
oil of cinnamon. Dose, 5-2 min. (0.025-0.1 c.c.). 
cumic a., an aromatic volatile oil, paraisopropyl- 
benzaldehyd, C3H7.C6H4.COH, from several essen- 
tial oils, formic a. See formaldehyd. glycollic 
a. See diose. salicylic a., a fragrant, colorless 
liquid, C6H4OH.CHO, soluble in water, from 
volatile oil of species of Spircea. It is diuretic and 
antiseptic. Dose, ij-7i min. (o. 1-0.5 c.c.). 
valeric a., a colorless liquid, isovaleric aldehyd, 
(CH3)2CH.CH2.CHO, having a pungent apple-like 
odor. 
aldehydase (al-de-hi'das). A ferment from the 
liver which oxidizes certain aldehyds into their 
corresponding acids. 
alder (awl'der). See Alnus. 
aldin (al'din). An aldehyd base. See base. 
aldohexose (al-do-hex'os). Any one of a class of 
sugars which contain six carbon atoms and an 
aldehyd group, as glucose, mannose. 
aldol (al'dol). Beta-oxybutyric aldehyd, CHj.CH- 
(OH).CH2.CHO, a liquid having hypnotic proper- 
ties. 
aldopentose (al-do-pen'tos). Any one of a class of 
sugars which contain five carbon atoms and an 
aldehyd group, as arabinose. 
aldose (al'dbs). A sugar containing an aldehyd 
group. 
aldoxim, aldoxime (al-doks'im). A compound 
formed by the union of an aldehyd with hydrox- 
ylamin. 
alecithal (al-es'ith-al) [Gr. a neg. + XcklOos yolk]. 
Having no distinct yolk: the ovum of mammals 
is an example. 
Alectoro'bius talaje. The chinche; a tick com- 
mon in Mexico and Central and SouthjAmerica. It 
is a great pest, as it bites at night and suppuration 
often results. 
alembic (al-em'bik) [Arabic al the + Gr. &p0i^ 
cup]. A vessel used in distilling. 
alembroth (al-em'broth). A compound, (NH<- 
Cl)2IIgCl2 + 2H2O, of mercuric and ammonium 
chlorids. It is used as an antiseptic dressing. 
alemmal (ah-lem'al) [Gr. a neg. 4- Xeppa sheath]. 
Having no neurilemma: said of a nerve-fiber. 
Aleppo boil, A. button, A. evil. See button. 
aletocyte (al-e'to-sit) [Gr. a.Xrrrr)s wanderer + 
kotos cell]. A wandering cell. 
aletrin (al'et-rin). A concentration prepared from 
Al'etris farino'sa. Dose, A-2 gr. (0.016-0.133 gm.). 
Aletris (al'et-ris) [Gr. bXeTpis corn-grinder]. A 
genus of hemodoraceous plants. A. Jarino'sa, 
of North America, is tonic, anthelmintic, and diu- 
retic: used in dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea. 
Dose of fluidextract, 10-30 min. (0.6-2 c.c.); of 
tincture, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
aleucemia, aleucaemia (ah-lu-se'me-ah). See 
aleukemia. 
aleudrin (al-u'drin). A white, crystalline com- 
pound, alphadichlorisopropylalcohol carbamate, 
CH2C1.CHO(CO.NH2).CH2C1, analgesic and hyp- 
notic. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 gm.). 
aleukemia, aleukaemia (ah-lu-ke'me-ah) [Gr. a 
neg. + XevKos white + alpa blood]. A deficiency 
in the proportion of white cells in the blood. 
aleukemic (ah-lu-ke'mik). 1. Marked by aleuke- 
mia. 2. Not marked by leukemia. 
aleukia (ah-lu'ke-ah) [Gr. a neg. + XevKos white]. 
1. Aleukemia. 2. Absence of blood-platelets, a. 
haemorrha'gica, aplastic anemia. 
aleukocytic (ah-lu-ko-si'tik). Showing no leuko- 
cytes. 
aleukocytosis (ah-lu"ko-si-to'sis) [Gr. a neg. + 
Xcvkos white + kotos cell]. Deficiency in the 
proportion of white cells in the blood. 
aleurometer (al-u-rom'et-er) [Gr. aXtupov flour + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for determining 
the value of flour for bread-making purposes. 
aleuronat (al-u'ro-nat) [Gr. aXevpov flour]. A 
kind of albumin used in preparing bread for dia- 
betics. 
aleuroscope (al-u'ro-skop). Same as aleurometer. 
Alexander of Tralles. A Greek medical writer 
of Lydia, born 525 a. d. He practised in Rome. ALEXANDERISM 
55 
ALI BEN RODHWAN 
He wrote twelve books upon pathology and the 
therapeutics of internal diseases. 
alexanderism (al-ek-zan'der-izm). The insanity 
of conquest, or an insane belief that one is a great 
conqueror. 
Alexander's operation (al-ek-zan'derz). See un- 
der operation. 
Alexander-Adams operation [William Alex- 
ander, surgeon in Liverpool; James A. Adams, 
surgeon in Glasgow]. See under operation. 
alexeteric (al-eks-et-er'ik) [Gr. aXe^r^p defender]. 
Good against infection or poison. 
alexia (ah-lek'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Xe^cs word]. 
Word-blindness; inability to read, due to a cen- 
tral lesion, motor a., alexia in which the patient 
understands what he sees written or printed, but 
cannot read it aloud. musical a., loss of the 
ability to read music; music-blindness, optical 
a., that in which the patient has lost the power 
to comprehend the significance of what he sees 
written or printed. Called also sensory a. and vis- 
ual a. 
alexic (al-ek'sik). Having the properties of an 
alexin. 
alexin (al-ek'sin) [Gr. aXe^eLv to help, to ward off]. 
1. Same as complement. 2. Any defensive protein 
(Buchner). As now used the term is synonymous 
with complement, a. fixation. See fixation of 
complement, leukocytic a. See leukin. 
alexinic (al-ek-sin'ik). Pertaining to or having the 
properties of an alexin. 
alexipharmac (al-ek-sif-ar'mak) [Gr. aXe^v to 
repel + ipappanov poison]. 1. Warding off the 
ill effects of a poison. 2. An antidote or remedy for 
poisoning. 
alexipyretic (al-ek"sip-i-ret'ik) [Gr. aXe^eii' to 
ward off 4- Trvperos fever], 1. Preventive of 
fevers. 2. A febrifugal medicine. 
alexocyte (al-eks'o-slt) [Gr. dXe^eip to ward off 4- 
kotos a cell]. A cell of the animal organism 
secreting alexins. The term was formerly applied 
to eosinophil cells. 
alexofixogen (al-ek-so-fik'so-jen). An antigen 
which induces the production of complement- 
fixing antibodies. 
alformin (al-foi/min). A mixture of free formic 
acid and aluminum formate, A1(HCOO)2OH: used 
like aluminum acetate. 
Algae (al'je) [L. " seaweeds "]. A group of cryp- 
togamous plants, in which the body is unicellular 
or consists of a thallus; including the seaweed and 
many cellular fresh-water plants. 
algal (al'gal). Of, pertaining to, or caused by 
Algae. 
alganesthesia (al-gan-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. aXyos pain 
4- anesthesia]. Analgesia. 
algaroth (al'gar-oth) [from V. Algarotti, its inventor, 
1716-1764]. Oxychlorid of antimony: emetic and 
purgative, but little used. 
algedonic (al-je-don'ik) [Gr. aXyos pain 4- r)8oi>p 
pleasure]. Pertaining to both pleasure and pain. 
algeoscopy (al-je-os'ko-pe) [Gr. aXyos pain 4- 
ffKoireiv to examine]. 1. Physical examination by 
pressure, to ascertain whether such pressure pro- 
duces pain. 2. [L. al'gor cold 4- Gr. aKoiteiv to 
examine.] Cryoscopy. 
algesia (al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. aXyrpns pain]. Sensi- 
tiveness to pain; hyperesthesia. 
algesic (al-je'sik). Painful. 
algesichronometer (al-je"ze-kro-nom'et-er) [Gr. 
aXypoas pain 4- xpo^os time 4- perpov measure]. 
An instrument for recording the time required 
to produce a painful impression. 
algesimeter (al-je-sim'et-er) [Gr. aXy-rpns pain 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument used in meas- 
uring the sensitiveness of parts. Bjornstrom's 
a., an apparatus for determining the sensitiveness 
of the skin. Boas' a., an instrument for de- 
termining the sensitiveness over the epigastrium. 
algesiometer (al-je-se-om'et-er). Same as al- 
gesimeter. 
algesthesia (al-jes-the'ze-ah). Pain sensibility; 
algesthesis. 
algesthesis (al-jes-the'sis) [Gr. aXyos pain + 
ataOijais feeling]. The perception of pain; any 
painful sensation. 
algetic (al-jet'ik). Painful. 
algicide (al'jis-id) [al'ga + L. cce'dere to kill]. De- 
structive to algae; also a substance which is de- 
structive to algae. 
algid (al'jid) [L. al'gidus]. Chilly or cold. 
algin (al'jin). See alginic acid, under acid, 
alginuresis (al-jin-u-re'sis) [Gr. aXyos pain 4- 
ovpipris urination]. Painful urination. 
algioglandular (al"je-o-glan'du-lar). Pertaining 
to glandular action resulting from painful stimula- 
tion. 
algiometabolic (al"je-o-met-ab-ol'ik). Pertaining 
to metabolic changes resulting from painful stimu- 
lation. 
algiomotor (al"je-o-mo'tor). Producing painful 
movements, such as spasm or dysperistalsis. 
algiomuscular (al"je-o-mus'ku-lar). Causing 
painful muscular movements. 
algiovascular (al"je-o-vas'ku-lar). Pertaining to 
vascular action as the result of painful stimula- 
tion. 
algiron (al'jir-on). A proprietary preparation of 
algin and iron, used for anemia and chlorosis. 
algogenesia (al"go-jen-e'ze-ah) [Gr. aXyos pain 4- 
yevvav to produce]. The condition in which the 
sight or memory of pain produces pain. 
algogenic (al-go-jen'ik). i. [Gr. aXyos pain 4- 
yevvav to produce.] Causing pain. 2. [L. al'gor 
cold + Gr. yet'^ai' to produce.] Producing cold. 
algogenin (al-go-jen'in) [L. al'gor cold 4- Gr. 
yevvdv to produce]. A substance obtained from 
fermented animal matter, causing a fall of tem- 
perature when injected into animals. 
algolagnia (al-go-lag'ne-ah) [Gr. aXyos pain 4* 
Xayveia lust]. Abnormal and distorted activity 
of sexual impulse toward persons of opposite 
sex with a desire for experiencing or causing pain, 
including sadism, masochism, etc. 
algometer (al-gom'et-er) [Gr. aXyos pain + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for testing the sensi- 
tiveness of a part to pain. 
algophilia (al-go-fil'e-ah). See algophily. 
algophily (al-gof'il-e) [Gr. aXyos pain 4- <piXeiv to 
love]. Sexual perversion marked by a desire for 
experiencing pain. 
algophobia (al-go-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aXyos pain 4- 
<po^os dread]. Morbid or insane dread of pain. 
algopsychalia (al-go-si-ka'le-ah) [Gr. aXyos pain 
4- mind]. A condition of melancholia with 
perverted imaginary perceptions of sounds and 
sights which cause dread, despair, and inclina- 
tion to suicide. Called also psychoalgalia. 
algor (al'gor) [L.]. A chill or rigor; coldness. 
algoscopy (al-gos'ko-pe) [L. al'gor cold + Gr. 
aKorreiv to see]. Same as cryoscopy. 
algosis (al-go'sis). Presence of Algae or fungi in 
a part of the body. 
algovascular (al-go-vas'ku-lar). Same as algio- 
vascular. 
Ali Abbas (ah'le ab'as). A celebrated Persian 
physician of the latter part of the tenth century. 
He wrote the "Royal Book" (Al-Maliki), a com- 
prehensive treatise upon medicine. 
Ali ben Iza (ah-le ben i'zah). A noted Arabic 
ophthalmologist of the first half of the eleventh 
century. He wrote "Book of Memoranda for Eye- 
doctors." He is also known as Jesus Haly. 
Ali ben Rodhwan or Rodoam (ah-le ben ro'- 
dwan, ro'do-am). A noted Arabian physician of ALIBERT'S DISEASE 
56 
ALLACHESTHESIA 
Egypt (about 1068 a. d.). He wrote a commen- 
tary upon the works of Hippocrates and Galen. 
Alibert's disease, keloid (al-e-berz') [Jean Louis 
Alibert, French physician, 1766-1837]. See disease 
and keloid. 
alible (al'ib-1) [L. alib'ilis]. Nutritive; assimil- 
able as a food. 
alicyclic (al-i-slk'lik). Having the properties of 
both aliphatic and cyclic substances. 
alienation (al-yen-a'shun) [L. aliena'tio]. Insanity 
or mental derangement. 
alienism (al'yen-izm) [L. alie'nus alien]. The study 
or treatment of mental disorders. 
alienist (al'yen-ist). An expert in the treatment of 
insanity. 
aliform (al'if-orm) [L. a'la wing + for1 ma shape]. 
Shaped like a wing. 
aliment (al'im-ent) [L. alimen'tum]. Food, or nu- 
tritive material. 
alimentary (al-im-en'ta-re). Pertaining to ali- 
ment. 
alimentation (al"im-en-ta'shun). The act of 
giving or receiving nutriment, artificial a., the 
giving of food or nourishment to persons who can- 
not take it in the usual way. forced a. 1. The 
feeding of a person against his will. 2. The giving 
of more food to a person than his appetite calls for. 
rectal a., the administration of concentrated 
nourishment by injection into the rectum. 
alimentology (al-im-en-tol'o-je). The science of 
nutrition. 
alimentotherapy (al-im-en-to-ther'ap-e) [aliment 
+ Gr. Oepairela treatment]. Dietetic treatment; 
treatment by systematic feeding. 
alinasal (al-in-a'sal). Pertaining to the ala nasi, 
alinement (al-in'ment). The line of adjustment of 
the teeth. 
alinj ection (al-in-jek'shun). Repeated injection of 
alcohol for preserving anatomic specimens. 
aliphatic (al-if-at'ik) [Gr. aXeitpap oil]. Pertaining 
to an oil; a term applied to the " open-chain " or 
fatty series of hydrocarbons. See open chain, 
under chain. 
alipin (al-i'pin). Same as alypin. 
alismin (al-is'min). An extractive from Alls'ma 
planta'go, or water-plantain: said to be useful in 
renal disease, epilepsy, and chorea. 
alisphenoid (al-is-fe'noid) [ala + sphenoid]. 1. 
Pertaining to the greater wing of the sphenoid. 
2. A cartilage in the fetus on each side of the 
basisphenoid. It afterward develops into the 
greater part of the great wing of the sphenoid. 
alizarin (al-iz'ar-in) [Arabic ala sara extract]. A 
red, crystalline dye, CeH^CO^Q^fOH^, ob- 
tained from coal-tar and from madder. 
alizarine yellow G. is an indicator with a Ph 
range of 10.1 to 12.1. 
alkalemia (al-kal-e'me-ah; [alkali + Gr. dlpa 
blood]. Decrease of the hydrogen-ion concentra- 
tion of the blood; a condition in which the reaction 
of the blood is abnormally alkaline. 
alkalescence (al-kal-es'ens). Slight or incipient 
alkalinity. 
alkalescent (al-kal-es'ent). Having a tendency 
to alkalinity. 
alkali (al'kal-i) [Arabic 'al-qalty potash]. Any one 
of a class of compounds which form salts with 
acids and soaps with the fats. a. albuminate, 
a substance derived by the action of some alkali 
on albumin, a. blue. See under blue, caustic 
a., any solid hydroxid of a fixed alkali, fixed 
a., the carbonates of an alkaline metal, such as 
potassium, sodium, lithium, cesium, or rubid- 
ium. a. reserve. See under reserve, vege- 
table a., any alkaloid of vegetable origin, vol- 
atile a., ammonia, NH3; also, ammonium hy- 
droxid. 
alkalimeter (al-kal-im'et-er) [alkali -f- meter]. 
An instrument for measuring the alkali con- 
tained in any mixture. 
alkalimetry (al-kal-im'et-re). The measurement 
of the alkalis present in any substance. Engel's 
a., a method of determining the alkalinity of the 
blood by titrating a diluted specimen with normal 
tartaric acid solution until it reddens litmus-paper. 
The amount of tartaric solution necessary to pro- 
duce the result indicates the degree of alkalinity 
of the blood. 
alkaline (al'kal-in) [L. alkali'nus]. Having the 
reaction of an alkali. 
alkalinity (al-kal-in'it-e). The fact or quality 
of being alkaline. 
alkalinuria (al-kal-in-u're-ah) [alkaline + urine]. 
An alkaline condition of the urine. 
alkalipenia ^al-kal-i-pe'ne-ah) [alkali + Gr. Trewqs 
poor], A condition in which the alkali reserve of 
the body is below normal. 
alkalithia (al-kal-ith'e-ah). A proprietary effer- 
vescent remedy used in rheumatism and allied 
conditions. 
alkalization (al-kal-iz-a'shun). The act of making 
alkaline. 
alkaloid (al'kal-oid) [alkali + Gr. Mos form]. 
One of a large group of organic, basic substances - 
found in plants. They are usually bitter in taste 
and physiologically active. Examples are: atro- 
pin, caffein, coniin, morphin, nicotine* quinin, 
strychnin, animal a., a ptomain or leuko- 
main. artificial a., an alkaloid that is made 
artificially by chemic processes, cadaveric a., 
putrefactive a., a ptomain: 
alkalometry (al-kal-om'et-re) [alkaloid + Gr. 
perpoo measure]. The dosimetric administration 
of alkaloids. 
alkalosis (al-kal-o'sis). Excessive alkalinity of the 
body fluids; increased alkali reserve in the blood 
and other body tissues, acapnial a., alkalosis 
due to washing out of carbon dioxid from the 
blood by overventilation of the lungs, as in forced 
breathing. 
alkamin, alkamine (al'kam-in). An alcohol which 
contains an amido group. 
alkane (al'kan). A paraffin hydrocarbon. 
alkanet (al'kan-et) [Arabic]. The root of Alkan'na 
(Anchu'sa) Undo'ria, affording a red dye. 
alkanin, alkannin (al-kan'in). A resinous, dark- 
red coloring-matter from alkanet. 
alkapton (al-kap'ton). Same as homogentisic acid. 
alkaptonuria (al-kap-to-nu're-ah) [alkapton + 
Gr. ovpov urine]. The occurrence of alkapton 
in the urine. The presence of alkapton in the 
urine is indicated by a dark color on standing 
or on the addition of an alkali. 
alkarhein (al-kar-e'in). A proprietary alkaline 
elixir of rhubarb and pancreatin. 
alkasal (al'kas-al). Aluminum and potassium salicyl- 
ate, said to be a valuable astringent and antiseptic. 
alkathymol (al-kath-i'mol). An alkaline antisep- 
tic for use on mucous membrane. 
alkene (al'ken). An olefin. 
alkresol (al-kre'sol). A proprietary solution of 
cresylic acid; used externally as a germicide and 
disinfectant. 
alkyl (al'kil). Any univalent aliphatic alcohol 
radical. 
alkylogen (al-kil'o-jen). An alkyl ester of any one 
of the halogen acids, e. g., ethyl chlorid. 
all or none. The law, discovered by Bowditch 
(1871), that the heart muscle, under whatever 
stimulus, will contract to the fullest extent or not 
at all. 
allachesthesia, allachsesthesia (al-ak-es-the'- 
ze-ah) [Gr. dXXax^ elsewhere + atabriais feeling]. 
The sensation of touch experienced at a point 
remote from the point touched. ALLANTIASIS 
57 
ALLOMETROPIA 
allantiasis (al-an-ti'as-is) [Gr. aXXas sausage]. 
Sausage-poisoning, or botulism; a condition at- 
tended with colic, diarrhea, vomiting, and vertigo, 
produced by poisoning with putrid or fermented 
sausages. 
allantochorion (al-an"to-ko're-on). The true 
chorion as distinguished from the primitive chorion. 
It consists of a blending of the outer wall of the 
allantoic sac with the primitive chorion. 
allantoic (al-an-to'ik). Pertaining to the allan- 
tois. 
allantoid (al-an'toid) [Gr. &XXas sausage + elbos 
form]. 1. Resembling the allantois. 2. Sausage- 
shaped. 
allantoidean (al-an-toi'de-an). Any animal which 
in the embryo possesses an allantois. 
allantoidoangiopagus (al-an-toi"do-an-je-op'- 
ag-us). Omphaloangiopagus. 
allantoin (al-an'to-in). A crystallizable substance, 
the diureid of glyoxylic acid, C4H6N4O3, from al- 
lantoic fluid, fetal urine, etc. Allantoin may also 
be formed by the oxidation of uric acid. It has 
been employed to encourage epithelial formation 
in wounds and ulcers. 
allantois (al-an'to-is) [Gr. aXXas sausage + ethos 
form]. A sac which in early fetal life springs 
out from the hind-gut of the embryo. It after- 
ward arches around so as to envelop the embryo 
completely, and fuses with the subzonal membrane 
to form the chorion and placenta. 
allantotoxicon (al-an-to-toks'ik-on) [Gr. aXXas 
sausage + to^kov poison]. The poison of de- 
caying sausages. It is a ptomain which is formed 
during the process of decomposition. 
allelomorph (al-el'o-morf) [Gr. aXXrjXuv of one 
another + pop<pi) form]. One of a pair of alterna- 
tive characters either one of which may appear or 
fail to appear in any particular individual. See 
Mendel's law, under law. 
allelomorphic (al-el-o-mor'fik). Pertaining to an 
allelomorph; mendelian. 
allelomorphism (al-el-o-mor'fizm). The exist- 
ence or the transmission of allelomorphic charac- 
ters. 
allelotaxy, allelotaxis (al-el'o-tak-se, al-el-o-tak'- 
sis) [Gr. aXXrfXuv of one another + tol^s arrange- 
ment]. The development of an organ from several 
embryonic structures. 
Allen's paradoxic law, treatment (al'enz) 
[Frederick M. Allen, American physician, born 
1879]. See under law and treatment. 
Allen's test (al'enz) [Charles Warren Allen, Ameri- 
can physician, 1854-1906]. See under test, 4th 
def. 
allergen (al'er-jen) [allergia + Gr. yen to produce]. 
1. A hypothetic substance in proteins capable of 
rendering anaphylactic an animal into which the 
protein is injected. Called also anaphylactogen 
and sensibilisinogen. 2. The purified protein or 
proteins of some food. For example, the proteins 
of milk, egg, or wheat. They are used to test 
whether a patient is hypersensitive to a certain 
food or not. 
allergenic (al-er-jen'ik). Anaphylactogenic. 
allergia, allergie, allergy (al-er'je-ah, al'er-je) 
[Gr. aXXos other + epyov energy], A condition of 
altered susceptibility which causes an individual to 
react to a second inoculation of an antigen in a 
manner different from his reaction to the first in- 
oculation (Von Pirquet). The term is now used to 
denote the natural hypersensitiveness of an indi- 
vidual as contrasted with anaphylaxis, which is 
hypersensitiveness artificially induced by inocula- 
tion. 
allergic (al-er'jik). Pertaining to or of the nature 
of allergy. 
allergin (al'er-jin). 1. Allergen. 2. Anaphylactin. 
3. A sterilized standardized solution of tuberculin 
used in a 1 to 5 per cent, solution in the ophthalmo- 
reaction and in a 25 per cent, solution in the cuta- 
neous reaction. 
allergy (al'er-je). See allergia. 
allesthesia, anaesthesia (al-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
aXXos other + aia^ais feeling]. Same as allach- 
es thesia. 
alliaceous (al-e-a'shus). Pertaining to or resemb- 
ling garlic. 
alligation (al-ig-a'shun). The process of finding 
the value of a mixture of known quantities of 
ingredients, each of known value. 
Allingham's operation, ulcer. 1 [Herbert 
William Allingham, contemporary English sur- 
geon.] 2. [William Allingham, English surgeon, 
1830-1908.] See under operation and ulcer. 
Allis' inhaler, sign (al'is-iz) [Oscar H. Allis, sur- 
geon in Philadelphia]. See inhaler and sign. 
alliteration (al-it-er-a'shun) [L. ad to + lit'era 
letter]. A dysphrasia in which the patient ar- 
ranges his words according to their sounds. 
Allium (al'e-um) [L. " garlic "]. 1. A genus of 
liliaceous plants, including the garlic, onion, etc. 
2. The bulb of A. sati'vum, or garlic, a diges- 
tive stimulant and pectoral. Dose of syrup 
(syrupus allii), 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.). 
Alloboph'ora agric'ola. A parasitic worm which 
may enter the human intestine by the medium of 
water or green vegetables. 
allocain (al-o-ka'in). A proprietary local anesthetic 
composed of novocain, alypin, suprarenin, and 
thymol. 
allocheiria (al-o-ki're-ah). Same as allochiria. 
allochesthesia (al-o-kes-the'ze-ah). Same as al- 
lachesthesia. 
allochetia, allochezia (al-o-ke'te-ah, al-o-ke'se- 
ah) [Gr. aXXos other + x^^ to defecate]. The 
discharge of non-fecal matter by the anus, or 
the discharge of fecal matter by an abnormal 
passage. 
allochiral (al-o-ki'ral) [Gr. aXXos other + x^P 
hand]. Exhibiting reversed symmetry; having 
the relation of the right hand to the left. 
allochiria (al-o-ki're-ah) [Gr. aXXos other + x^P 
hand]. A condition, chiefly in tabes, during which, 
if one extremity be pricked, the sensation is referred 
to the opposite side (Obersteiner). 
allochroic (al-o-kro'ik). Changeable in color. 
allochroism (al-o-kro'izm) [Gr. aXXos other + 
Xpoa color]. Change or variation in color. 
allochromasia (al"o-kro-ma'se-ah). Change of 
color of the hair or skin. 
allocinesia (al-o-sin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. aXXos other + 
Klvrjais motion]. A condition in which the patient 
performs a movement on the side of the body op- 
posite to that directed. 
allocolloid (al-o-kol'oid) [Gr. aXXos other + 
colloid]. A colloid in which a single element in its 
allotropic forms makes up the colloid system. 
alloesthesia, alloaesthesia (al-o-es-the'ze-ah). 
Allachesthesia. 
Allogromia (al-o-gro'me-ah). A genus of parasites 
found in protozoan animals, such as Amceba proteus. 
allokinesis (aro-kin-e'sis). 1. Passive movement. 
2. Reflex movement. 
allokinetic (al-o-kin-et'ik) [Gr. aXXos other + 
Kiwrjais movement]. Moved from outside or by 
reflex action; not voluntary. 
allolalia (al-o-la'le-ah) [Gr. aXXos other + XaXeiuto 
speak]. Any defect of speech of central origin. 
allomerism (al-om'er-izm) [Gr. aXXos other + 
pepos form]. Change of chemic constitution 
while still retaining crystalline form. 
allometropia (al-o-met-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. aXXos other 
+ perpov measure]. The refraction of the eye in 
indirect, as opposed to direct, vision (Matthiessen). ALLOMORPHISM 
58 
ALMOND 
allomorphism (al-o-mor'fizm). Change of form 
without change in chemic constitution. 
allonal (al'o-pal). A compound formed by fusing 
allylisopropylbarbituric acid and aminopyrin: 
used as an analgesic hypnotic. 
allongement (al-onzh-maw') [Fr.]. Elongation; 
especially any procedure for elongating a uterine 
tumor after it has been severed from its connec- 
tions, so as to admit of its extraction. This is 
usually done by making a spiral incision into its 
substance while it is being pulled down. 
allopath, allopathist (al'o-path, al-op'ath-ist) 
[Gr. dXXos other 4* iradas affection]. An incorrect 
designation for a regular practitioner. 
allopathic (al-o-path'ik). Pertaining to, or char- 
acteristic of, allopathy. 
allopathy (al-op'ath-e) [Gr. dXXos other + iraOos 
affection]. An erroneous designation for the 
regular system of medicine and surgery. The 
term really means the curing of diseased action 
by inducing a different kind of action in the 
body. 
allophanamid (al-o-fan-am'id). Same as biuret. 
alloplasia (al-o-pla'se-ah) [Gr. dXXos other + 
TrXdais formation]. Heteroplasia. 
.alloplasmatic (al-o-plaz-mat'ik) [Gr. dXXos other 
+ rrXaaaeiv to form]. Formed by differentiation 
from the protoplasm. 
alloplast (al'o-plast). An idorgan consisting of 
more than one kind of tissue. 
.alloplasty (al'o-plas-te) [Gr. dXXos other + jrXda- 
aeiv to form]. Plastic surgery in which use is made 
of material not from the human body, such as ani- 
mal bodies or inorganic material. Cf. autoplasty 
and heteroplasty. 
allopsychic (al-o-si'kik) [Gr. dXXos other + 
mind]. Pertaining to mind in its relation to the 
external world. 
allopsychosis (al"o-si-ko'sis). A mental disorder 
or psychosis marked by disorganization of the 
^external perceptive powers (hallucinations and 
illusions), but without disorder of the motor powers, 
such as speech and action (Wernicke). 
allorhythmia (al-o-rith'me-ah) [Gr. dXXos other 
+ pvOpbs rhythm]. Irregularity in the rhythm of 
the heart-beat or pulse. 
allorhythmic (al-o-rith'mik). Affected with or 
of the nature of allorhythmia. 
allosan (al'o-san). A crystalline, tasteless ester of 
allophanic acid with santalol. Used like the 
latter. . 
allosome (al'o-s6m) [Gr. dXXos other 4- a up. a. 
body]. An accessory chromosome. See chromo- 
some. paired a,, a diplosome. unpaired a., 
a monosome. 
allotherm (al'o-therm) [Gr. dXXos other 4- depp-q 
heat]. An organism the temperature of which 
depends upon its culture-medium. 
allotoxin (al-o-tok'sin) [Gr. dXXos other 4- toxin]. 
Any substance formed by tissue change within 
the body which serves as a defense against toxins 
by neutralizing their poisonous properties. 
allotriodontia (al-ot-re-o-don'she-ah) [Gr. dXXor- 
pios strange 4- bbovs tooth]. 1. The transplanta- 
tion of teeth from one person to another. 2. The 
existence of teeth in abnormal places, as in tumors. 
allotriogeustia (al-ot-re-o-gu'ste-ah) [Gr. dXXor- 
Plos strange 4- yevacs taste]. A perverted condi- 
tion of the sense of taste. 
allotriolith (al-o-tri'ol-ith) [Gr. dXXorpios strange 
4- XiOos stone]. A calculus in an abnormal situa- 
tion, or one composed of unusual materials. 
allotriophagy (al-ot-re-of'aj-e) [Gr. aXXbrpios 
strange 4- to eat]. A craving for un- 
natural food; pica. • 
allotriuria (al-ot-re-u're-ah) [Gr. bXXbrpios strange 
4- ovpov urine]. A strange or perverted condition 
of the urine. 
allotrope (al'o-trop). An allotropic form. 
allo trophic (al-o-trof'ik). Rendered innutritions 
by the process of digestion. 
allotropic (al-o-trop'ik). Exhibiting allotropism, 
allotropism (al-ot'rop-izm) [Gr. dXXos other + 
rpbiros turn], i. The existence of an element in 
two or more distinct forms (allotropic forms) with 
distinct physical properties. Examples of allot- 
ropism are furnished by carbon and sulphur. 2. A 
tropism between different structures, e. g., between 
spermatozoa and ova (Roux). 
allotropy (al-ot'ro-pe). Same as allotropism. 
allotrylic (al-o-tril'ik) [Gr. dXXorpios foreign + 
v\t) matter]. Produced by the presence of a for- 
eign body or principle. 
alloxan (al-ok'san). A reddish, crystalline sub- 
stance, mesoxalyl urea, CO(NHCO)2C(OH)2 + 
3H2O, an oxidized form of uric acid. It has been 
obtained from the mucus of the intestine in diar- 
rhea. 
alloxantin (al-ok-zan'tin). A crystalline deriva- 
tive of alloxan, CsHgNiOg. obtained by reduction. 
alloxin (al-ok'sin). Any one of a class of basic sub- 
stances derived from the nuclein of cell-nuclei, and 
on oxidation producing uric acid. The alloxins 
include xanthin, guanin, adenin, and hypoxanthin. 
alloxur bodies (al-ok'sur). See under body. 
alloxuremia (al"ok-su-re'me-ah) [alloxur + Gr. 
alpa blood]. The presence of alloxur bodies in 
the blood, causing a form of intoxication. 
alloxuria (al-ok-su're-ah) [alloxur 4- Gr. ovpov 
urine]. Presence of alloxur bodies in the urine. 
alloxuric (al-ok-su'rik). Containing both alloxan 
and urea residues. See alloxur bodies, under body. 
alloy (al-oi') [Fr. aloyer to mix metals]. A mixture 
of any two metals except mercury, contour a., 
an alloy especially suitable for contour fillings, 
submarine a., an alloy that may be used to fill 
a tooth cavity which is not entirely dry. 
allspice (awl'spis). See pimenta. 
allyl (al'il) [L. al'lium garlic 4- Gr. uXtj principle]. 
A univalent radical, C3H5 or CH2.CHCH2, from 
garlic and other plants, a. aldehyd. Same 
as acrolein, a. cyanamid. See sinamin. a. 
isothiocyanate, volatile oil of mustard. C3H5- 
NCS; oleum sinapis volatile, a. sulphid, an arti- 
ficially prepared compound, (C3H5)S: used in 
cholera and subcutaneously in phthisis. Dose of 
1:600 mixture, 1 teaspoonful; subcutaneous dose 
of 4 per cent, solution, 16 min. (1 c.c.) daily, a. 
sulphocarbamid, a. thiocarbamid, a. 
thiourea. Same as thiosinamin. a. tribrom- 
id, a colorless or yellowish liquid, C3H5Br3: used 
as an antispasmodic and anodyne in hysteria, 
asthma, whooping-cough, etc. Dose, 5 min. 
(0.333 c.c.). 
ally lamin (al-il-am'in). A caustic liquid, NH2- 
(C3H5), from oil of mustard. 
almate in (al-mat-e'in). A compound of hema- 
toxylin and formaldehyd. An odorless powder, 
soluble in alcohol and glycerin: it has been used 
as a substitute for iodoform. 
Almen's test (al-manz') [August Theodor Almin, 
Swedish physiologist, born 1833]. See under test. 
almond (ahm'und) [Fr. amande, from L. amyg'- 
dala almond]. The fruit of Pru'nus amygdala. 
See amygdala, bitter a., the fruit of the variety 
P. amyg'dala ama'ra: sweet a., of the va- 
riety P. amyg'dala dul'cis; sweet almonds are 
used for flavoring, and furnish a fixed oil which 
is used as a demulcent and aperient and in phar- 
maceutic preparations. Dose of oil of sweet 
almond, 60-120 min. (4-8 c.c.); of emulsion of 
oil of sweet almond, 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.); of syrup, 
1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). The volatile oil of bitter almond 
is poisonous, and is used like hydrocyanic acid. 
Dose, |-i min. (0.016-0.06 c.c.). The dose of 
bitter-almond water is 4 fl.oz. (8-15 c.c.). ALNUIN 
59 
ALPINIA 
alndin (al'nu-in). A concentration prepared from 
Al'nus serrula'ta or A. ru'bra: resolvent, tonic, 
and alterative. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.). 
Alnus (al'nus) [L.]. A genus of betulaceous trees 
and shrubs-the alders: A. glutino'sa, a tree of 
Europe, and A. ru'bra and A. serrula'ta, shrubs of 
North America, have tonic and astringent bark. 
Dose in substance, 8-12 gr. (0.51-0.78 gm.). 
A1,O3. Aluminum oxid. 
alochia (ah-lo'ke-ah) [L.; Gr. a neg. + \bxca 
lochia]. Absence of the lochia. 
Aloe (al'o-e), gen. al'oes [Gr. dXm?]. 1. A genus 
of liliaceous plants. 2. Aloes, the dark-colored, 
bitter, inspissated juice of various species of Aloe. 
It is cathartic and stimulant, and is given in 
chronic constipation, amenorrhea, and atonic 
dyspepsia. Dose, 1-10 gr. (0.065-0.65 gm.);_ of 
aqueous extract, £-3 min. (0.033-0.2 c.c.); of tinc- 
ture, £-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.); of wine, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.); 
of compound decoction, $-2 fl.oz. (15-60 c.c.). 
The tincture of aloes and myrrh contains 10 per 
cent, each of aloes and myrrh. Dose, 1-4 dr. 
(4-16 c.c.). Compound tincture of aloes contains 
3 per cent, of aloes and | per cent, of gentian, 
rhubarb, saffron, and zedoary. Dose, 1-4 dr. 
(4-16 c.c.). A. barbaden'sis, Barbados aloes, 
prepared from A. ve'ra. A. capen'sis, cape aloes, 
from A. spic'ata and other South African species. 
A. feTox, a species supplying the best South 
African aloes. A. puriflca'ta, Socotrine aloes 
purified by dissolving in alcohol, straining, and 
evaporating. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.32 gm.). 
A. vulga'ris, a species which affords aloes in 
the East and West Indies and in other warm 
regions. 
aloes (al'oz). See Aloe (2). Barbados a., 
caballine a., a coarse variety, used mainly in 
veterinary practice. cape a. See under Aloe. 
Cura<?oa a., a kind from the island of Cura- 
50a. hepatic a.,;a dark, liver-colored variety 
of aloes. Indian a., aloes from India: the prod- 
uct of a variety of A. vulga'ris. lign-a. See 
lignaloe. Natal a., a variety from Natal, in 
South Africa. Socotrine a., a variety from 
Socotra: the product of A. pe/ryi. Dose of ex- 
tract, r-6 gr. (0.06-0.4 gm.). Zanzibar a., a 
variety from East Africa. 
aloetic (al-o-et'ik) [L. aloet'icus}. 1. Pertaining to 
or containing aloes. 2. A preparation containing 
aloes. 
aloetin (al-o-e'tin) [Gr. aXm? aloe]. A yellow, crys- 
talline principle from aloes; also, a medicinal prep- 
aration of aloes. 
alogia (ah-lo'je-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Xoyos word]. 
Inability to speak, due to a lesion of the nerve 
substance. 
aloin (al'o-in). A purgative glucosid, CiflHi8O7, 
from aloes of several varieties, as barbaloin, 
nataloin, socaloin, and zanaloin. It occurs in 
the form of fine crystals of extremely bitter taste, 
soluble in hot water and alcohol. Laxative dose, 
2 gr. (0.032 gm.); purgative dose, 2 gr. (0.13 gm.). 
alopecia (al-o-pe'she-ah) [Gr. aXwTr^ fox]. Bald- 
ness; deficiency of hair, natural or abnormal, a. 
adna'ta, congenital baldness. a. area'ta, 
a. cel'si, a. circumscrip'ta, baldness occurring 
in sharply defined patches, leaving the scalp 
smooth and white: probably due to nervous dis- 
turbance. a. dynam'ica, alopecia due to de- 
struction of the hair-follicles by ulceration or some 
other disease process, a. follicula'ris, inflam- 
mation of the hair-follicles of the scalp, resulting 
in loss of hair from the affected area. a. fur- 
fura'cea, a chronic disorder of the scalp, marked 
by itching, hyperemia, dandruff, and falling 
out of the hair, which becomes harsh, dry, and 
without luster: called also a. pilyroides capillitii, 
pityriasis capitis, seborrheea capillitii, and dan- 
druff. a. loca'lis, a. neurit'ica, a form 
which occurs in patches in the course of a nerve 
or at the site of an injury, a. malig'na, a 
severe and persistent form of alopecia. a. 
neurot'ica, a baldness following a nervous, dis- 
ease or injury of the nervous system, a. orbicu- 
la'ris. Same as a. areata. a. pityroi'des 
capillitii. See a. furfuracea. a. pityroi'des 
universa'lis, a rapid general loss of hair in 
debilitated conditions. a. prsematu'ra, a. 
praeseni'lis, a. sim'plex, premature baldness, 
reflex a. See Jacquet's disease, under disease. 
a. symptomatica, alopecia occurring after long 
fevers or in the course of some disease, a. syphi- 
litica, baldness from syphilis, a. toxica, 
alopecia occurring during an infectious disease and 
thought to be caused by the toxins of the disease, 
a. universalis, a general falling-out of the hairs 
of the body. 
alopon (al'o-pon). A proprietary sedative and anal- 
gesic, said to be the hydrochlorids of the mixture of 
alkaloids contained in opium. 
aloresinotannol (al"o-res-in-o-tan'ol). A princi- 
ple derivable from various kinds of aloes. 
aloxanthin (al-ok-zan'thin). A yellow principle, 
C15H10O6, derivable from aloes by the action of 
potassium dichromate. 
Alpenstich (ahl'pen-stish) [Ger. "alpine stab"]. 
Epidemic pneumonia in Alpine valleys. 
alpha (al'fah) [Gr. a (alpha), the first letter of the 
Greek alphabet). The letter a or a is used as a 
part of a chemic name to denote the first of a 
series of isomeric compounds, or the carbon atom 
next to the carboxyl group. 
alphadichlorisopropylalcohol (al"fah-di-klor- 
i"so-pro-pil-al'ko-hol). Aleudrin. 
alpha-eigon (al-fah-i'gon). A proprietary com- 
pound of albumin and iodin with sodium. See 
beta-eigon. 
alpha-eucain (al-fah-u-ka'in). See under eucain. 
alpha-eunol (al-fah-u'nol). A bitter naphthol and 
eucalyptol preparation: used in skin diseases and 
surgery as an antiseptic. 
alphaglycohepatonicacidlactone (al"fah- 
gli-ko-hep"at-on-ik-as-id-lak'tbn). Hediosit. 
alpha-iodin (al-fah-i'odin). Kendall's name for 
the supposed active principle of the thyroid secre- 
tion, which he afterward discovered and named 
thyroxin. 
alpha-leukocyte (al-fah-lu'ko-sit). A leukocyte 
which disintegrates during the coagulation of 
the blood. 
alpha-naphthol (al-fah-naf'thol). A non-official 
variety of naphthol. See naphthol. 
alphasol (al'fas-ol). A proprietary antiseptic used 
in rhinology and laryngology. 
alpha-tropein (al-fah-tro'pe-in). A substance 
derivable from scopolamin and hyoscin. 
alphelasma (al-fel-as'mah). Same as leukoplakia. 
alphitomorphous (arfit-o-morTus) [Gr. a\<piTov 
barley-meal + p.op<pq form]. Having a mealy 
appearance: said of certain fungous parasites. 
alphogen (al'fo-jen). Same as alphozone. 
alphol (al'fol). Alpha-naphthol salicylate, OH.Ce- 
H4 CO.O.C10H7: used as an internal antiseptic and 
an anodyne in gonorrheal cystitis and acute ar- 
ticular rheumatism. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.324-0.972 
gm.). 
alphos (al'fos) [L.; Gr. dX<p6s]- A variety of lepra 
or psoriasis. 
alphozone (al'fo-zbn). Succinic dioxid, (COOH.- 
CH2.CH2.CO)2O-2, a white, crystalline powder de- 
rived from hydrogen dioxid. It is soluble in water, 
and has been used for disinfection of hands and 
instruments, also in abscesses, ulcers, etc., and 
internally as an intestinal antiseptic; stable and 
non-toxic. It is marketed in powder or in tablets 
of 1 gr. Used in 1 : 1000 solution. 
Alpinia (al-pin'e-ah) [after Prospero Alpini, 1553- 
1617]. A genus of zingiberaceous plants. See 
galangal. ALQUIE'S OPERATION 
60 
ALVELOZ 
Alquie's operation (al-ke-az') [Alexis Jacques 
Alquie, surgeon in Montpellier, 1812-1865]. See 
under operation. 
alsol (al'sol). Aluminum acetotartrate, prepared 
by mixing 5 parts of basic aluminum acetate with 
3 parts of tartaric acid and dissolving in water. 
This is dried, redissolved, and precipitated with 
alcohol. Used as a substitute for potassium 
chlorate, phenol, and corrosive sublimate as an 
astringent and disinfectant, especially in diseases 
of the nose and throat. Used in from 0.5-1 per 
cent, solution. 
AL(SO4)3.(NHd2SO4 + 24H2O. Alum. 
Alstonia (al-sto'ne-ah) [after C. Alston, 1683- 
1760]. A genus of apocynaceous trees. A. 
schola'ris, a tree of tropical Asia, affords dita 
bark. 
alstonin (al'sto-nin). A white, crystalline alka- 
loid, C2iH2oN204 + 31H2O, from the bark of 
Alsto'nia cons trie'la. 
Alt. dieb. Abbreviation for L. alter'nis die'bus, 
every other day. 
Alt. hor. Abbreviation for L. alter'nis ho'ris, every 
other hour. 
altauna (al-taw'nah). An Arabic term for malignant 
carbuncle, bubo, or endemic ulcer. 
alterant (awl'ter-ant). Same as alterative. 
alterative (awl'ter-at-iv) [L. altera're to change], 
1. Reestablishing healthy functions of the sys- 
tem. 2. A medicine that produces a favorable 
change in the processes of nutrition and repair. 
The principal alteratives are mercury and mer- 
curic compounds, arsenic, iodin and the iodids, 
cod-liver oil, gold, iron, and the compounds of 
sodium and potassium. 
Alternaria (al-ter-na're-ah). A genus of hypho- 
mycetous fungi with dark-colored conidia. 
alternating (awl'ter-na-ting). Occurring in regular 
succession; alternately direct and reversed. 
alternation of generations (al-ter-na'shun). 
Reproduction in which the offspring do not re- 
semble the parent, but like forms are separated by 
one or more unlike generations. 
Althaea (al-the'ah) [L.]. A genus of malvaceous 
plants. The root and leaves of A. officina'lis, or 
marshmallow, are demulcent and furnish a mucilage 
(mucilago althace). Marshmallow syrup (syrupus 
alt her. a), made from the root, is used as a vehicle 
in cough medicine. 
althal (al'thal). A crystalline fatty compound 
obtained from the sperm whale. 
althose (al'thos). A proprietary expectorant prep- 
aration of senega, squill, and codein salicylate. 
Altmann's fluid, granule, theory (ahlt'manz) 
[Richard Altmann, German histologist, 1852-1900]. 
See fluid, granule, and theory. 
altofrequent (awl-to-fre'quent) [L. al'tus high + 
frequent]. High frequency. See high-frequency cur- 
rent under current. 
alum (al'um) [L. alu'men; gen. alu'minis]. 1. 
Aluminum and potassium sulphate, A1K(SO4)2 + 
i2H,O, a colorless, crystalline substance, with 
astringent and styptic properties, and soluble 
in water, but insoluble in alcohol. It is used 
internally as an emetic, and locally in solu- 
tion in conjunctivitis, laryngitis, leukorrhea, and 
ulcers, and also as a styptic. Dose, 10-15 gr. 
(0.666-1 gm.). 2. Any member of a class of 
double sulphates formed on the type of the fore- 
going. ammonia a., the double sulphate of 
dIuminum and ammonium: used like the ordi- 
nary alum, ammonioferric a., a powerfully 
styptic alum, sulphate of iron, and ammonium. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.), burnt a., 
alum exsiccated or dehydrated by heat; a whitish, 
porous mass: used as a styptic or astringent. 
Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-1.9444 gm.), chrome a., 
chromium and potassium sulphate: a violet pig- 
ment. concentrated a., patent a., ammo- 
nium sulphate, incorrectly called an alum, ex- 
siccated a. See burnt a. a.-hematoxylin, a 
purple stain, prepared by mixing a solution of 
hematoxylin in alcohol with a solution of potas- 
sium alum in water: used as a tissue stain in 
microscopy. See stains, table of. iron a., iron 
and potassium sulphate. Roman a., a special 
make of common alum, soda a., aluminum and 
sodium sulphate. a.-whey, whey made by boil- 
ing alum (2 oz.) in milk (1 pint): astringent and 
hemostatic. 
alumen (al-u'men) [L. for alum]. a. exsicca'- 
tum, dried or burnt alum (q. v.). 
alumina (al-u'min-ah). Aluminum oxid, A12O3: 
found in clay and in many minerals. 
aluminated (al-u'm n-a-ted). Charged with alum, 
aluminium (al-u-min'e-um) [L.]. Same as alu- 
minum. 
aluminoid (al-u'min-oid). A white, astringent 
and antiseptic powder. 
aluminol (al-u'min-ol). Same as alumnol. 
aluminosis (al-u-min-o'sis). A lung disease of 
persons who work with alum. 
aluminum (al-u'min-um). A very light, whitish, 
lustrous, metallic element, obtainable from clay: 
specific gravity, 2.67; atomic weight, 27.1; symbol, 
Al. It is very malleable and ductile, and is used 
for the manufacture of instruments; also as a base 
for artificial dentures, a. acetate, a compound, 
A12(OH)2(C2H3O2)4, used in solution as an astringent 
and antiseptic, a. acetoglycerate, used as 
an astringent and antiseptic in diseases of the nose 
and throat, a. aceto tartrate. See alsol. a. 
and potassium sulphate, ordinary alum, 
A12K2(SO4)4. See alum. a. boroformate, an 
antiseptic and astringent, made from boric acid, 
formic acid, and aluminum hydroxid, AI2O3B- 
(OH)3.H2CO3 + 5H2O. a. borotannate. See 
cutol. a. borotartrate. See boral. a. bro- 
mid, a white mass, AlBr3, used as a gargle in 
diphtheria, a. carbonate, a mild antiseptic and 
styptic, A12(CO3)3. a. gallate. See gallal. 
a. hydrate, a. hydroxid, a white, tasteless 
powder, A12(OH)8: mildly astringent, and used 
externally as a drying-powder and internally as an 
antacid and absorbent. Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.2-1 
gm.), a. lactate. See fixin. a. naphthol 
disulphonate. See alumnol. a. nitrate, a 
compound, A12(NO3)8 + i8H2O, used in pruritus 
vulvae. a. oleate, used as an ointment in 
burns, ulcers, and diseases of the skin, (CisH^Qde- 
AI2. a. phenol-sulphonate. See sozal. a. 
potassium salicylate. See alkasal. a. sal- 
icylate. See salumin. a. sozoiodolate, a crys- 
talline compound, (Cs^OH.SOsU^Al + 3H2O: used 
as an antiseptic wash in 2 to 3 per cent, solution, 
a. sulphate, an antiseptic and astringent salt, 
A12(SO4)3 + i6H2O: antiseptic and astringent in 
5 per cent, solution and in stronger solution as 
a caustic, a. sulphocarbolate. See sozal. 
a. tannate. See tannal. 
alumnol (al-um'nol). Aluminum naphthol disul- 
phonate, [(CioH5(OH)(S03)2]3A12, a white or red- 
dish powder, soluble in cold water, slightly soluble 
in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. It is used as an 
astringent and antiseptic in gonorrhea, endo- 
metritis, and purulent wounds in 0.5-5 per cent, 
solution. 
alundum (al-un'dum). Electrically fused alumina, 
used in making laboratory appliances which are 
to be subjected to intense heat. 
aluvine (al'u-vin). An organic amino compound of 
aluminum: used intravenously in syphilis. 
Alv. adst. Abbreviation for L. al'vo adstric'ta, 
when the bowels are constipated. 
Alv. deject. Abbreviation for L. al'vi dejeclio'nes. 
alvine dejections. 
Alvegniat's pump (ahl-ven-yahz'). A mercurial 
air-pump for extracting gases from the blood. 
alveloz (al'vel-oz) [Sp.]. A tree of tropical Amer- ALVEOBRONCHIOLITIS 
61 
AMASTHENIC 
ica„ Euphor'bia heterodox'a: its juice has been 
recommended for lupus and cancer. Dose, 15-30 
min. (1-2 c.c.). 
alveobronchiolitis (al"ve-o-brong-ke-o-li'tis). In- 
flammation of the bronchioles and alveoli of the 
lungs; bronchopneumonia. 
alveolar (al-ve'o-lar) [L. alveola'ris\. Pertaining 
to an alveolus. 
alveolectomy (al"ve-o-lek'to-me) {alveolus + Gr. 
eKToph excision]. The operation of cutting into a 
dental alveolus or of removing a piece of the alve- 
olar process. 
alveoli (al-ve'o-li). Plural of alveolus, a. denta'les, 
the tooth sockets, a. pulmo'num. See alveolus, 
3d def. 
alveolitis (al-ve-o-li'tis). Inflammation of an 
alveolus, as of a tooth. See pyorrhoea alveolaris. 
chronic spatic a., phagedenic perice- 
mental a., pyorrhea alveolaris. 
alveoloclasia (al-ve"o-lo-kla'se-ah) [alveolus + Gr. 
KXdais breaking]. Disintegration or absorption of 
the inner wall of a tooth alveolus, causing looseness 
of the teeth. 
alveolocondylean (al-ve"o-Io-kon-dil'e-an). Per- 
taining to the alveolus and condyle. 
alveolodental (al-ve"o-lo-den/tal). Pertaining to 
a tooth (or teeth) and to a socket (or sockets). 
alveololabial (al-ve"o-lo-la'be-al). Pertaining to 
the alveolar processes and the lips. 
alveololingual (al-ve"o-lo-ling'wal). Pertaining 
■ to the alveolar processes and the tongue. 
alveolonasal (al-ve"o-lo-na'sal). Pertaining to 
the alveolar point and the nasion. 
alveolotomy (al"ve-o-lot'o-me) [alveolus + Gr. 
rop-q a cut]. Incision into a tooth alveolus. 
alveolus (al-ve'ol-us), pl. alve'oli [L.]. 1. A tooth- 
socket; the cavity in the maxillary process of the 
jaw in which the root of a tooth is fixed. 2. The 
acinus of a gland. 3. An air-sac of the lungs formed 
by terminal dilatations of the bronchioles. 4. Any 
one of the honey-comb cells of the gastric mucous 
membrane. 
alveus (al've-us) [L. " a trough "]. A trough or 
a canal, a. ampulles'cens, the dilated part of 
the thoracic duct at the receptaculum chyli. a. 
commu'nis, the utricle of the ear. a. hippo- 
cam'pi, the layer of medullary matter in the 
brain covering the hippocampus major. 
alvine (al'vin) [L. alvi'nus}. Pertaining to the 
belly or intestines. 
alvus (al'vus) [L.]. The belly with its contained 
viscera. 
alymphia (ah-lim'fe-ah) [Gr. a neg. + L. lym'pha 
lymph]. Deficiency or absence of the lymph. 
alymphopotent (ah-lim'fo-po-tent) [Gr. a neg. + 
lymphoid + L. po'tens able]. Incapable of pro- 
ducing lymphocytes or lymphoid cells. 
alypin (al-i'pin). The monohydrochlorid of benzoyl- 
tetramethyl-diamino-ethyl-isopropyl alcohol,CgHs.- 
CO.O.C(C2H5)[CH2.N(CH3)2]2.HC1. It is a white, 
crystalline powder, odorless, and having a bitter 
taste, and is soluble in water, alcohol, and chloro- 
form. It is used as a local anesthetic, especially 
in eye operations. Locally it is used in a 10 per 
cent, solution; for the eye, in 1 to 2 per cent, solu- 
tions, and hypodermically, in 1 to 4 per cent, 
solutions. 
Alzheimer's disease or sclerosis (alz'hi-merz) 
[Alois Alzheimer, German neurologist, 1864-1915]. 
See under sclerosis. 
A. M. Abbreviation for Meter-angle and Ampere- 
meter. 
Am. A symbol for ammonium, NH4. 
am. A symbol for myopic astigmatism, for meter- 
angle, and for ametropia. 
A. M. A. Abbreviation for American Medical 
Association. 
ama (a'mah), pl. a'ma [L.]. An enlargement of 
a semicircular canal of the internal ear at the end 
opposite the ampulla. 
amaas (am-ah-as). A specific contagious eruptive 
fever of South Africa, resembling small-pox, 
being probably a mitigated form of that disease. 
Called also Kaffir milk-pox, alastrim, Senaga 
small-pox, and pseudo-small-pox. 
amacratic (am-ak-rat'ik) [Gr. apa together + 
Kparos strength]. Same as amasthenic. 
amacrinal (am-ak'rin-al). Of the nature of am- 
acrines. 
amacrine (am-ak'rin) [Gr. a neg. + paKpbs long 
+ Is, Ivos fiber], i. Having no long processes. 
2. Any one of a group of branched retinal struc- 
tures regarded as modified nerve-cells. 
amadou (am'ah-doo) [Fr.]. Touchwood or punk; 
the fungus Boletus ignia'rius, which grows on 
old trees, and is used as a wound dressing and as 
a hemostatic, sheet a., a preparation of ama- 
dou used as a dressing for bed-sores. 
amakebe (am-ak-e'be). A disease affecting calves 
in Uganda, due to a parasite, Theile'ria par'va, 
which is transmitted by the bite of a tick, Rhipi- 
ceph'alus appendicula'ris. 
amalgam (am-al'gam) [anagram of Gr. paXaypa 
a soft mass]. Any alloy of mercury with another 
metal. Amalgams are distinguished as binary, 
ternary, quaternary, etc., according as they con- 
tain two, three, or four metals, dental a., an 
amalgam of silver, tin, and mercury: used for 
filling teeth. Gold, platinum, etc., are sometimes 
added. 
amalgamate (am-al'gam-at). To unite a metal in 
an alloy with mercury; to form an amalgam. 
amalgamation (am-al-gam-a'shun). The forma- 
tion of an amalgam. 
amalgamator (am-al'gam-a-tor). An apparatus 
for securing rapid amalgamation of an alloy with 
mercury. 
amandin (am'an-din). A protein from the almond 
nut. 
Amanita (am-an-i'tah). A genus of mushrooms. 
A. musca'ria, the fly agaric, a poisonous mush- 
room. A. phalloi'des, the white or deadly amanita; 
a very poisonous mushroom. A. rubes'cens, a spe- 
cies considered edible. It contains a powerful 
hemolysin. 
amanitin (ah-man'it-in). A poisonous alkaloid, 
identical with cholin, from fly agaric; also a poison- 
ous glucosid from the various mushrooms, espe- 
cially from Amanita phalloides. 
amanitotoxin (am-an-it-o-toks'in). A poisonous 
principle or toxin from Amani't a phalloi'des. It 
differs from phallin in being more resistant to 
heat and to the action of pepsin and pancreatinin. 
amara (am-a'rah) [L. pl.]. Bitters (q. v.). 
amaril (am'ar-il) [Sp. amaril'lo yellow]. The 
poison generated by the Bacil'lus icteroi'des, and 
believed to be active in inducing yellow fever. 
amarillic (am-ar-il'ik). Pertaining to amaril. 
amarin (am'ar-in) [L. ama'rus bitter]. A poison- 
ous, crystalline base, triphenyl dihydroglyoxalin, 
(C6H5)2(CNH)2CHC6HB, from oil of bitter almonds, 
and also prepared artificially. 
amaroid (am'ar-oid). A bitter principle; a gen- 
eral name for vegetable extractives other than 
alkaloids and glucosids. 
amaroidal (am-ar-oi'dal). Somewhat bitter; also 
resembling a bitter in properties. 
amarol (am'ar-ol). Same as ingestol. 
amarthritis (am-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. apa together + 
apOpov joint]. Inflammation of several joints at 
the same time. 
amasesis (am-as-e'sis) [Gr. a priv. + paa-qats 
chewing]. Inability to chew the food. 
amasthenic (am-as-then'ik) [Gr. apa together + AMASTIA 
62 
AMBRINE 
eOtvos strength]. Bringing the chemic rays of 
light into one focus: said of a lens. 
amastia (ah-mas'te-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- paarbs 
breast]. Absence of the mammae. 
amativeness (am'at-iv-nes) [L. ama're to love]. 
Normal sexual desire. 
amatol (am'at-ol). A war explosive, being a mix- 
ture of trinitrotoluene and ammonium nitrate. 
amatory (am'at-o-re) [L. amato'rius]. Pertaining 
to love or sexual desire. 
amaurosis (am-aw-ro'sis) [L. from Gr. bpavpbeiv to 
darken]. Blindness (Hippocrates); especially blind- 
ness occurring without apparent lesion of the eye, 
from disease of the optic nerve, retina, spine, or 
brain, albuminuric a., that which is due to 
renal disease. Burns' a., postmarital amblyopia, 
cat's eye a., blindness of one eye, with bright 
reflection from the pupil, as from the tapetum of a 
cat (Beer), cerebral a., that which is due to 
cerebral or brain disease, congenital a., that 
which exists from birth, diabetic a., that which 
is associated with diabetes, hysteric a., that 
which is associated with hysteria, intoxication 
a., amaurosis caused by some systemic poison, as 
alcohol or tobacco, a. partia'lis fu'gax, sudden 
transitory partial blindness with scotomas, scintil- 
lations, vertigo, nausea, and headache, reflex a., 
that which is caused by the reflex action of a remote 
irritation, saburral a., that which occurs in an 
attack of acute gastritis, uremic a., an amau- 
rotic condition sometimes attendant on nephritis. 
amaurotic (am-aw-rot'ik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of amaurosis. 
amaxophobia (ah-mak-so-.o'be-ah) [Gr. apa^a 
car + <pb0os fear]. Insane dread of being in a 
carriage. 
amazia (ah-ma'ze-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- pa^bs breast]. 
Congenital absence of the mammary gland. 
amazon (am'az-on) [Gr. a priv. 4- juafos]. A person 
in whom the breast is lacking. 
Ambard's constant or formula (ahm-barz') 
[Leo Ambard, contemporary physician in Paris]. 
See under formula. 
amber (am'ber) [L. suc'cinum]. A yellowish fossil 
resin, th^ gum of several species of coniferous 
trees, found in the alluvial deposits of north- 
eastern Prussia. Its volatile oil is rubefacient, 
antispasmodic, and stimulant. Dose of oil {o'leum 
suc'cini), 5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). 
ambergris (am'ber-gris) [L. am'bra gris'ea gray 
amber]. A gray substance from the sperm-whale's 
intestines: used as a perfume and as a stimulant 
in low fevers, chronic catarrh, hysteria, and other 
nervous affections. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.198 
gm.). 
Amberg's lateral sinus line (am'bergs) [Emil 
Amberg, surgeon in Detroit]. See under line. 
ambidexter, ambidextrous (am-bid-ek'ster, am- 
bid-ek'strus) [L. am'bi- on both sides + dex'ter 
right-handed]. Able to use either hand effec- 
tively. 
ambidexterity, ambidextrism (am'be-deks-ter'- 
it-e, am-be-deks'trizm). Ability to use either hand 
equally well. 
ambilateral (am-be-lat'er-al) [L. arn'bi- both 4- 
la'tus side]. Pertaining to or affecting both sides. 
ambilevous (am-be-le'vus) [L. arn'bi on both sides 
4- Ice'vus left-handed]. Not having skill in the 
use of either hand. 
ambiopia (am-be-o'pe-ah) [L.]. See diplopia. 
ambisinistrous (am-be-sin-is'trus) [L. arn'bi- on 
both sides 4- sinis'ter left]. Same as ambilevous. 
ambivalence (am-biv'al-ens). Bleuler's name for 
the tendency of some patients to give expression 
equally to opposing impulses. 
ambivalent (am-biv'al-ent) [L. ambi on both sides 
4- va'lins powerful]. Having equal power in two 
contrary directions. 
amblyacusia (am-ble-ak-oo'se-ah) [Gr. bp^Xvs dull 
+ a kovctis hearing]. Dulness of hearing. 
amblyaphia (am-ble-a'fe-ah) [Gr. &p0Xbs dull 4- 
a<pb touch]. Bluntness or dulness of the sense 
of touch. 
amblychromasia (am"ble-kro-ma'ze-ah). The 
condition of staining faintly or of having little 
chromatin. 
amblychromatic (am-ble-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. bp^Xvs 
dull + xpbbpa color]. Feebly staining. 
amblygeustia (am-ble-jus'te-ah) [Gr. ap^Xbs dull 
+ yevais taste]. Dulness of the sense of taste. 
amblykusis (am-ble-ku'sis) [Gr. dull + 
aKoveiv to hear]. Dulness of hearing. 
Amblyomma (am-ble-om'ah). A species of tick. 
A. cajennen'se, a particularly obnoxious species 
of tropica! America. A. hebrae'um, an African 
species which transmits a disease of sheep and 
goats known as "heart water" as well as the 
"tick-bite fever" of man. It is called the-bont tick. 
amblyopia (am-ble-o'pe-ah) [Gr. ap0Xvs dull 4- 
eye]. Dimness of vision from imperfect sen- 
sation of the retina and without organic lesion 
of the eye. a. alcohol'ica, impairment of the 
vision as a result of alcohol poisoning, color a., 
color-blindness, crossed a., that which affects 
one eye, with hemianesthesia of the same side. a. 
ex anop sia, that which results from long disuse; 
argamblyopia, hysteric a., a form due to hys- 
teria. postmarital a., that which is caused by 
sexual excess, quinin a., amblyopia following 
large doses of quinin. It is due to anemia of the 
retina, reflex a., that which results from periph- 
eral irritation, toxic a., amblyopia due to 
poisoning, as from tobacco or alcohol, uremic a., 
loss of visual power sometimes seen during a 
uremic attack. 
amblyopiatrics (am-ble-o-pe-at'riks) [amblyopia 
+ Gr. larpiKbs healing]. The therapeutics or 
treatment of amblyopia. 
amblyoscope (am'ble-o-skop) [amblyopia 4- aKontiv 
to view]. An instrument for training an am- 
blyopic eye to take part in vision. 
ambo (am'bo). Same as ambon. 
amboceptoid (am-bo-sep'toid). A modified am- 
boceptor which has lost its cytophilic power. 
amboceptor (am-bo-sep'tor) [L. am'bo both 4- 
cap'ere to take]. A substance supposed to be 
found in the blood-serum, and serving as one of the 
active elements in cytolysis, the other element 
being the complement (Ehrlich and Morgenroth). 
It serves to connect the invading cell with the com- 
plement, being composed of two elements, the cyto- 
phile group, which has an affinity for the cell, and a 
complementophile group, which has an affinity for 
the complement. The amboceptor normally pres- 
ent in serum is called natural a.; that which is pro- 
duced by inoculation of foreign cells is called 
immune a. Called also immune body, intermediary 
body, copula, sensitizer, desmon, philocytase, prepara- 
tive, fixative, and fixator. See Ehrlich's side-chain 
theory, under theory, bacteriolytic a., an am- 
boceptor that takes part in bacteriolysis, hemo- 
lytic a., an amboceptor which takes part in hemol- 
ysis. 
amboceptorgen (am-bo-sep'tor-jen). A free re- 
ceptor giving rise to amboceptors. 
ambomalleal (am-bo-mal'e-al). Pertaining to the 
incus and the malleus; as, the ambomalleal articula- 
tion. 
ambon (am'bon). The edge of the sockets in which 
the heads of long bones are lodged. 
Amboyna button (am-boi'nah). Same as fram- 
besia. 
ambrine (am'bren). A proprietary preparation of 
paraffin, rosin, and wax used as a dressing in the 
treatment of extensive burns and in rheumatic dis- 
orders, introduced by Barthe de Sandfort (1913). AMBROSIA 
63 
AMETABOLON 
Ambrosia (am-bro'zhe-ah) [L. and Gr., from ap^po- 
tos^ immortal]. A genus of composite-flowered 
plants. A. artemisicefo'lia, the common ragweed, 
and A. trifida, the giant ragweed, have been em- 
ployed as anthelmintics and febrifuges. Their 
pollens cause hay-fever. 
ambrosin (am-bro'sin). A substance contained in 
the pollen of rag-weed (Ambrosia), which is prob- 
ably the cause of autumnal hay-fever. 
ambrosterol (am-bros'te-rol). A phytosterol, C20- 
H34O. with a melting-point of 1470 to 1490 C., 
found in the pollen of ambrosia. 
ambulance (am'bu-lans) [Fr.]. A wagon for con- 
veying the sick and wounded, a. company, an 
organization of hospital corps privates and non- 
commissioned officers whose duties are to admin- 
ister first aid, evacuate the wounded in battle, and 
carry out the details of military hygiene in camp or 
at posts. 
ambulant, ambulatory (am'bu-lant, am'bu-la- 
to-re) [L. am'bulans walking]. Walking or able 
to walk; not confining the patient to bed. 
ambustion (am-bust'yun). A burn or scald. 
ameba, Amoeba (am-e'bah) [L. from Gr. apoo^rj 
change]. A minute one-celled protozoan animal 
organism; also a genus (Amoeba) of such organisms. 
An ameba is a single-celled nucleated mass of 
protoplasm which is constantly changing its shape 
by extending from its circumference processes 
of protoplasm called pseudopodia. By these 
processes it moves about and also absorbs nourish- 
ment. See Entamoeba and Loeschia. artificial 
a., combinations of chemicals which behave some- 
what like living amebae. For example, a drop of 
mercury will move toward a crystal of potassium 
dichromate if both are near each other in dilute 
nitric acid; a drop of clove oil in a mixture of 
alcohol and glycerol will show ameboid motion; 
and a drop of chloroform in water will engulf a 
piece of glass coated with shellac and eject it after 
the shellac has dissolved off. A. bucca'lis. 
Same as A. dentalis. A. cachex'ica, the name 
given to an ameboid organism found in carci; 
noma. A. co'li. See Entamoeba coli. A. co'li 
mi'tis, a non-pathogenic form. A. denta'lis, a 
species found on the teeth. A. dysente'riae. 
See Entamoeba histolytica. A. histolyt'ica. See 
Entamoeba histolytica. A. li'max. See Endolimax 
nana. A. meleag'ridis, a species causing in- 
fectious enterohepatitis in turkeys. A. uri'nae 
granula'ta, a species found in the urine in cases 
of infective jaundice with albuminuria. A. uro- 
genita'lis, a species found in the urine and the 
vaginal secretions. 
amebacidal (am-e-bas-i'dal) [See amebacide]. De- 
structive to amebae. 
amebacide (am-e'bas-id) [ameba 4- L. cce'dere to 
kill]. Destructive to amebae; also an agent de- 
structive to amebae. 
amebadiastase (am-e"ba-di'as-tas). An intra- 
cellular .enzyme found in amebae which digests 
the bacteria absorbed by the latter. 
amebiasis (am-e-bi'as-is). The state of being in- 
fected with amebae, intestinal a. See amebic 
dysentery, under dysentery. 
amebic, amoebic (am-e'bik). Pertaining to, or of 
the nature of, an ameba. 
amebicide (am-eb'is-id) [ameba 4- L. coEdere to 
kill]. 1. Destructive to amebae. 2. An agent that 
destroys amebae. 
amebiform (am-e'bi-form). Shaped like or re- 
sembling an ameba. 
amebiosis (am-e-bi'os-is). Infection with amebae, 
amebism, amcebism (am'e-bizm). Invasion of 
the system with amebae. 
amebocyte, amoebocyte (am-e'bo-sit) [ameba 4- 
Gr. kotos cell]. An ameb^-like cell, frequently 
containing granules, found among the tissues of 
various invertebrate animals. 
amebocytogenous (am-e"bo-si-toj'en-us). Pro- 
ducing or caused by amebocytes. 
amebodiastase (am-e-bo-di'as-tas). A proteolytic 
enzyme extracted from the bodies of protozoa. 
ameboid (am-e'boid) [Gr. apoi/di) change 4- elbos 
like]. Resembling an ameba in form or in move- 
ments. 
ameboididity (am-e-boi-did'it-e). The power of 
moving by means of ameboid movements. 
ameboidism (am-e'boi-dizm). The condition, 
sometimes shown by nerve-cells, of performing 
ameboid movements. 
amebula, amoebula (am-e'bu-lah) [dim. of L. 
amoeba], A swarm spore of a protozoan having 
pseudopodia: as the spore of the malarial parasite 
after it has entered the red blood-corpuscle and 
become amebiform. Called also pseudopodiospore. 
ameburia, amoeburia (am-e-bu're-ah) [L. amoe'ba 
+ Gr. ovpov urine]. The discharge or presence 
of amebae in the urine. 
amelia (am-e'le-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- ptXos limb]. 
Absence of the limbs. 
amelification (am-el-if-ik-a'shun) [Old Fr. amel 
enamel + L. fa'cere to make]. The develop- 
ment of enamel-cells into enamel. 
amelioration (am-e-le-o-ra'shun) [L. ad to 4- 
mellior better]. Improvement, as of the condi- 
tion of a patient. 
ameloblast (am-el'o-blast) [Old Fr. amel enamel 
4- Gr. ^Xaarbs germ]. One of the group of cells 
from which the dental enamel is developed; an 
enamel-cell. The ameloblasts cover the papilla 
of the enamel-organ. Called also adamantoblast. 
amelus (am'el-us) [Gr. a priv. + peXos limb]. A 
monstrosity without limbs. 
amenia (am-e'ne-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- p^v month]. 
Absence of the menses. 
amenomania, amoenomania (am-e-no-ma'ne-ah) 
[L. amce'nus pleasant + mania]. Insanity with 
agreeable hallucinations. 
amenorrhea, amenorrhoea (am-en-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
a neg. 4- pr/v month + pola flow]. Absence, or 
abnormal stoppage of the menses, primitive 
a., a condition in which the menstruation has not 
appeared at the proper time, secondary a., 
arrest of the menses after they have once existed. 
amenorrheal (am-en-or-e'al). Pertaining to am- 
enorrhea. 
ament (a'ment) [Gr. a neg. 4- L. mens mind]. An 
idiot; a person with no mind. 
amentia (ah-men'she-ah) [Gr. a priv. + L. mens 
mind), i. Absence of the intellect; idiocy. 2. 
A mental disorder characterized by mental con- 
fusion of varying degree, sometimes so severe as to 
approach stupor; called also confusion and confu- 
sional insanity, a. agita'ta, amentia attended by 
great excitement and continuous hallucinations, 
a. atton'ita, amentia marked by stupor, immo- 
bility, and indifference, a. occul'ta, mild melan- 
cholia with sudden violent actions, a. paranoi'- 
des, amentia with mild symptoms. Stea,rn's 
alcoholic a., a form of temporary alcoholic in- 
sanity marked by less emotional disturbance than 
delirium tremens, but of longer duration and char- 
acterized by greater mental clouding and amnesia. 
amenyl (am'en-il). A methylhydrastimid allied to 
hydrastin; recommended as an emmenagogue. 
Dose, 1 gr. (0.065 gm.). 
amerisia (ah-me-ris'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- pepi^eiu 
to divide]. Inability to articulate words in speak- 
ing or writing. A form of aphasia (Heveroch, 
1914). 
amerism (am'er-izm) [Gr. a neg. 4- pepos part]. 
The quality of not splitting into segments or 
fragments. 
ameristic (ah-mer-is'tik) [Gr. a priv. 4- pepurros 
divided]. Not split into segments. 
ametabolon (ah-met-ab'o-lon). An animal which 
develops without undergoing metamorphosis. AMETACHROMOPHIL 
64 
AMMONIA 
ametachromophil. ametachromophile (ah- 
met-ah-kro'mo-fil, -fil). Orthochromophil. 
ametamorphosis (ah-met-ah-mor-fo'sis). Undue 
activity of thought leading to a condition of 
mental absorption and abstraction. 
unetaneutrophil, ametaneutrophile (ah-met- 
ah-nu'tro-fil, -fil). Orthoneutrophil. 
ametria (ah-me'tre-ah) [Gr. a neg. + p^rpa uterus]. 
Congenital absence of the uterus. 
ametrohemia (ah-me-tro-he'me-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
+ pot pa womb + a Ip a blood]. Lack of uterine 
blood-supply. 
ametrometer (ah-met-rom'et-er) [ametropia + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the degree of ametropia. 
ametropia (ah-met-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. aperpos irreg- 
ular + dnp eye]. Imperfection in the refractive 
powers of the eye, so that images are not brought 
to a proper focus on the retina, producing hyper- 
metropia, myopia, or astigmatism, axial a., 
ametropia due to lengthening of the eyeball on 
the optic axis. 
ametropic (am-et-rop'ik). Affected with or per- 
taining to ametropia. 
Amh. An abbreviation for mixed astigmatism with 
myopia predominating. 
amianthinopsy (am-e-an'thin-op-se) [Gr. a priv. 
+ iavOivos violet + oi^is vision]. Violet-blindness; 
inability to perceive violet-colored rays. 
amic (am'ik). Relating to, or derived from, am- 
monia. The amic acids are the amido derivatives 
of the inorganic acids. 
amicrobic (ah-mi-kro'bik) [Gr. a neg. + microbe]. 
Not caused by microbes. 
amicron, amicrone (ah'mi-kron). An ultramicro- 
scopic particle too small to be observed with the 
ultramicroscope. 
amicroscopic (ah-mi-kro-skop'ik). Too small to 
be observed by the ultramicroscope. 
amid, amide (am'id) [ammonia + id]. Any com- 
pound derived from ammonia by substituting an 
acid radical for hydrogen, primary a., ammonia 
in which one atom of hydrogen has been substi- 
tuted. secondary a., ammonia in which two 
atoms of hydrogen have been substituted; an 
imid. 
amidase (am'id-as). A deamidizing enzyme. 
amidin, amidine (am'id-in) [Fr. amidon starch]. 
1. One of the constituents of starch granules-the 
portion that is soluble in water. 2. Any one of a 
group of derivatives of the amids in which the 
carbonyl oxygen is replaced by the imid group, 
insoluble a., tegumentary a., the cellular 
lining of a starch granule; amylin. 
amido-. Same as amino-. 
amido-acetal (am-id-o-as'e-tal). A highly poison- 
ous substance, NH2.CH2.CH(OC2H5)2, which acts 
by paralyzing the respiratory center. 
amido-acid (am-id-o-as'id). Same as amino-acid. 
amido-azotoluene (am"id-o-a"zo-tol'u-en). A 
reddish-brown powder, CH3.C6H4.N2.C6H3.CH2.- 
NH2, derived from scarlet red: used in an 8 per 
cent, ointment to stimulate the growth of epi- 
thelium. 
amidocephalin (am-id-o-sef'al-in). A form of 
cephalin found in the brain substance. 
amidogen (am'id-o-jen). The hypothetic radical, 
NH2, found in amido-compounds. 
amidohexose (am"id-o-hek'sos). A hexose com- 
bined with the amido-group NH2. 
amidol (am'id-ol). A salt of diaminophenol, (NH2)2- 
CeH3OH, a photographic developer and hair-stain. 
It may produce eczema and scalp irritation. 
amidomyelin (am-id-o-mi'el-in). A base, C44H93- 
N2PO10, from the brain substance; also any member 
of the group to which it belongs. 
amidopur in (a"mid-o-pu'rin). Same as adenin. 
amidopyrin (am''id-o-pi'rin). An antipyretic and 
anodyne, dimethyl-amino-phenyl dimethyl pyra- 
zolon, CfH5.N.CO.N(CH3)2.C : C(CH3).N(CH3). 
Dose, 5-6 gr. (0.3-0.4 gm.). 
amidoxim, amidoxim e (am-id-ok'sim). Any one 
of a class of compounds formed from the amidins 
by substituting hydroxyl for a hydrogen atom of 
the amido group. 
amidulin (am-id'u-lin). The granulose of starch 
freed from its envelop of amylocellulose by the 
action of hydrochloric acid; soluble starch. 
amigrin (ah-mi'grin). Magnesium acetylorthoxy- 
benzoate. 
amimia (ah-mim'e-ah) [Gr. a neg. + plpos mimic]. 
Loss of the power of expression by the use of signs 
or gestures, amnesic a., a condition in which 
gestures can be made, but their meaning cannot 
be remembered, ataxic a., absolute loss of the 
power of making signs. 
amin (am'in). Any member of a group of chemic 
compounds formed from ammonia by replacing 
hydrogen with an alcohol radical. The amins 
combine with acids to form salts, and are dis- 
tinguished as primary, secondary, and tertiary, 
according as one, two, or three hydrogen atoms 
are replaced. The amins include ally lamin, 
amylamin, ethylamin, methylamin, phenylamin, 
propylamin, and many other compounds. 
amino- (am'in-o). A prefix in chemic names, indi- 
cating that the substance represented by the latter 
part of the name is modified by the substitution of 
the radical NH2 for hydrogen. 
amino-acid (am"in-o-as'id). An organic acid in 
which one or more hydrogen atoms have been re- 
placed by the amino group NH2. The amino-acids 
are the building-stones of the protein molecule. 
amino-acidemia (am"in-o-as-id-e'me-ah) [amino- 
acid + Gr. alpa. blood]. Presence of amino-acids 
in the blood. 
amino-aciduria (am"in-o-as-id-u're-ah) [amino- 
acid + Gr. ovpov urine]. Presence of amino-acids 
in the urine. 
amino-azotoluol (am"in-o-a-zo-tol'u-ol). A red, 
crystalline solid, CH3.C6H4.N2.C6H3(CH3)NH2: 
used to stimulate epithelial growth. 
aminobenzene (am"in-o-ben'zen). See anilin. 
aminoform (am-in'o-form). Same as urotropin. 
aminol (am'in-ol). An antiseptic and deodorant 
liquid with a strong fishy odor, derived from the 
methylamin of herring-brine. 
aminolipin (am-i-no-li'pin). Any one of a class of 
fatty substances containing amino nitrogen and 
fatty acids. 
aminolysis (am-in-ol'is-is) [amin + Gr. Mais 
dissolution]. The decomposition of a substance 
involving the rearrangement of ammonia elements, 
aminomyelin (am-in-o-mi'el-in). A phosphatid, 
C44H82N2POio, from brain substance. 
aminosuria (am"in-o-su're-ah) [amin + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of amins in the uline. 
amitosis (am-it-o'sis) [Gr. a priv. + plros thread]. 
Direct cell division; cell division by simple cleavage. 
amitotic (am-it-ot'ik). Of the nature of amitosis; 
not occurring by karyokinesis. 
ammeter (am'e-ter) [ampere + Gr. perpov measure]. 
An instrument for measuring electric currents in 
amperes. 
ammo-aciduria (am"o-as-id-u're-ah). Presence 
of ammonia and amino-acids in the urine. 
ammonemia (am-o-ne'me-ah). See ammoniemia. 
ammonia (am-o'ne-ah) [named from Jupiter 
Ammon, near whose temple in Libya it was formerly 
obtained]. A colorless alkaline gas, NH3, of a 
penetrating odor, and soluble in water, forming 
ammonia-water (a'qua ammo'nice). Ammonia 
preparations are antacids and stimulants in acidity 
of the stomach, headache, hysteria, etc. Dose of 
aqua ammoniae, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of mistura AMMONIAC 
65 
AMNION 
anjaioniae, 4-8 dr. (16-32 c.c.); of spiritus am- 
moniae, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of spiritus am- 
moniae aromaticus, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). a. 
hemate, a compound of ammonia and hematein, 
used as a violet-black stain for microscopic 
specimens. 
ammoniac (am-o'ne-ak) [L. ammoni'acum]. A 
fetid gum-resin, stimulant and expectorant, from 
a Persian umbelliferous plant, Dore'ma ammoni'- 
acum, used in bronchitis and asthma. Am- 
moniac plaster and plaster of ammoniac and mer- 
cury are used as counterirritants in pleurisy and 
rheumatism. Dose of mistura ammoniaci, i-1 
fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). 
ammoniacal (am-o-ni'ak-al). Containing am- 
monia. 
ammoniated (am-o'ne-a-ted). Combined with 
ammonia. 
ammoniemia (am-o-ne-e'me-ah) [L. ammo'nia 
+ Gr. alpa blood]. An abnormal condition 
marked by the presence of ammonia or its com- 
pounds in the blood. 
ammonio-. A prefix indicating combination with 
ammonium, a.-ferric sulphate. See under 
iron. a.-silver nitrate albuminose. See 
hegonon. 
ammonirrhea (am-o-nir-e'ah) [ammonia + Gr. 
poia flow]. The excretion of ammonia by the 
urine or sweat. 
ammonium (am-o'ne-um). The hypothetic 
radical, NH4, of ammonia It forms salts analogous 
to those of the alkaline metals. These are stimulant 
to the heart and respiration, a. acetate, a 
compound, NH4C2H,iO,!. used as a diaphoretic 
and refrigerant, a. acetate, solution of, the 
so-called spirit of Mindererus. Dose, 1-8 dr. 
(4-32 c.c.). a. arsenate, a crystalline com- 
pound, (NH4)3HAsO4, used in aqueous solution in 
skin, diseases. Dose, ^5 gr. (0.003 gm.), a. ar- 
senite, NH4ASO2, used like ammonium arsen- 
ate. a. benzoate, a white, crystalline salt, 
stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 
gm), a. biborate, a salt useful in renal and ves- 
ical diseases. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 gm.), 
a. bicarbonate, a crystalline compound, (NH4)- 
HCO3, stimulant and antacid, a. borate, a com- 
pound, 2(NH4HB2O4)3H2O: used in catarrh of the 
bladder and stone. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 gm.), 
a. bromid, a crystalline compound, NH4Br: 
used like potassium bromid in epilepsy, delirium, 
rheumatism, and whooping-cough. It is more 
stimulant than potassium bromid. Dose, 5-20 gr. 
(0-333-1.333 gm.), a. camphorate, a crystalline 
substance, C10H15ONH4. Sedative dose, 2-4 gr. 
(0.133-0.266 gm.), a. carbamate, a compound, 
CO(NH2)ONH4. It is said that the periodic ac- 
cumulation of this compound in the blood causes 
epileptic attacks, a. carbonate, a white salt, 
NH4HCO3.NH4NH2CO2, a valuable stimulant and 
expectorant in bronchitis, pneumonia, etc., and a 
heart stimulant in adynamic states. Dose, 3-10 
gr. (0.2-0.666 gm.), a. chloraurate, a salt of 
gold, NH4AUCI4: recommended in disorders of 
menstruation. Dose, gr. (0.006 gm.), a. 
chlorid, sal ammoniac, a white, crystalline body, 
NH4CI; a stimulant, resolvent, and expectorant; 
used in bronchitis, in neuralgia, rheumatism, and in 
dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea Dose, 1-20 gr. 
(0.066-1.333 gm.), a. cyanate, a salt isomeric 
with urea and which changes into urea on heat- 
ing, NH4.CNO. a. embelate, a crystalline 
salt, C9H1.3O2.NH4: used as a teniafuge. Dose, 
5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.), a. fluorid, NH4F, 
recommended for enlargement of the spleen and as 
an antiperiodic and antipyretic. Used in a solution 
of 4 grains to the ounce, a. hemate. See under 
ammonia, a. hypophosphite, a proprietary 
preparation used as an expectorant in bronchitis, 
laryngitis, and catarrhal conditions. Dose, 2 gr. 
(0.13 gm.) every two or three hours, a. iodid, 
a white, crystalline body, NH4I: a valuable anti- 
syphilitic and antirheumatic, and used like other 
iodids. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.), a. 
nitrate, a colorless, crystalline compound, 
NH4NO3, used in making nitrous oxid gas. It is 
readily soluble in water, and soluble in 20 parts 
of alcohol, a. oxalate, (NH4)2C2O4 + H2O, 
is used as a test-solution, a. persulphate, a 
colorless, crystalline substance, (NH4)2S2O8, used 
in a 0.5-2 per cent, solution as a deodorant and 
disinfectant for wounds and as a mouth-wash. a. 
phosphate, a salt in colorless, translucent prisms, 
(NH4)2HPO4: useful in gout and rheumatism. 
Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.), a. picrate, 
an explosive salt in yellow needles, CeH^NO^s- 
ONH4: antipyretic and antiperiodic. Dose, 
gr. (0.008-0.033 gm.), given in a wafer or capsule, 
a. salicylate, a white, crystalline compound, Cg- 
H4(OH)COONH4, used as an expectorant. Dose, 
2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 gm.), a. sulpho-ichthy- 
olate. See ichthyol, a. urate, a white powder, 
(NI^CgHs^Os, found in urinary sediments and 
calculi and in the excrement of birds and reptiles. 
It is used externally in skin diseases; internally in 
phthisis; to be given with caution. Dose, £-7 gr. 
(0.016-0.462 gm.), a. valerate, a. valerian- 
ate, a deliquescent white or colorless salt, in plates: 
useful in nervous affections. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066- 
0-333 gm.). 
ammoniuria (am-o-ne-u're-ah) [ammonia + 
Gr. ovpov urine]. Excess of ammonia in the urine. 
Ammonius (am-o'ne-us). A surgeon of Alexandria 
in the third century b. C. He invented an instru- 
ment for breaking up such stones in the bladder as 
could not be extracted after incision. He is sur- 
named "the lithotomist." 
ammonol (am'o-nol). Ammoniated phenylacet- 
amid, C6H5NH2, a coal-tar derivative. It is 
antiseptic, analgesic, and cholagogue. Dose, 5-20 
gr. (0.3-1.3 gm.), a. salicylate, a compound 
used in nervous headaches in doses of 8 gr. (0.5 
gm.). 
ammonolysis (am-o-nol'is-is). A reaction of am- 
monia with another compound resulting in the 
formation of an amid and other products. 
Ammon's fissure, operation (am'unz) [F. A. 
von Ammon, 1799-1861]. See fissure and operation. 
Ammon's horn (am'unz). See cornu ammonis. 
ammotherapy (am-o-ther'a-pe) [Gr. appos sand 
+ Oepa-rreia healing]. Treatment of disease by 
the sand-bath. 
amnesia (am-ne'se-ah) [Gr. apv-qaia forgetful- 
ness]. Lack or loss of memory, especially inability 
to remember the proper words, anterograde 
a., loss of memory for events which have occurred 
since the onset of the disease, auditory a., 
word-deafness. Broca's a., inability to remem- 
ber spoken words, lacunar a., loss of memory 
for certain isolated events only, olfactory a., 
loss of the sense of smell, retrograde a., loss 
of memory for events that occurred before the 
attack of the disease, tactile a., astereognosis. 
tropical a., loss of memory frequently affecting 
white men in the tropics; a condition very preva- 
lent on the West coast of Africa, where it is called 
coast memory. verbal a., loss of memory for 
words, visual a., word-blindness. 
amnesiac (am-ne'se-ak). A person affected with 
amnesia. 
amnesic (am-ne'sik). Affected with amnesia, 
amniochorial (am-ne-o-ko're-al). Pertaining to 
the amnion and chorion. 
amnion (am'ne-on) [Gr. upviov lamb]. The inner- 
most fetal membrane, forming the bag of waters: 
the sac that incloses the fetus and forms a sheath 
for the umbilical cord. It consists of two layers: 
the outer (Jalse a.), developed from the meso- 
blast; the inner (true a.), from the epiblast. The 
false amnion, or subzonal membrane, lies outside 
the sac of the true amnion, from which it becomes 
separated. It is finally absorbed or becomes at- 
tached to the zona pellucida. AMNIONIC 
66 
AMPHINUCLEUS 
amnionic (am-ne-on'ik). Pertaining to the amnion, 
amniorrhea (am-ne-or-e'ah) [Gr. apotov amnion 
4- polo. flow]. The escape of the amnionic waters, 
or liquor amnii. 
amniote (am'ne ot). Any animal or species with 
an amnion. 
amniotic (am-ne-ot'ik). Pertaining to the amnion, 
amniotitis, amnitis (am-ne-ot-i'tis, am-ni'tis). 
Inflammation of the amnion. 
amniotome (am'ne-o-tom) [Gr. apulov amnion 4- 
ropq cut]. An instrument for cutting the fetal 
envelops. 
amoeba, etc. (ah-me'bah). See ameba, etc. 
amok (ah-mok') [Malay "impulse to murder"]. A 
psychic disturbance occurring among the Malays, 
marked by a period of depression, followed by vio- 
lent attempts to kill people. 
amol (am'ol). A proprietary analgesic, com- 
pounded of aromatics: for internal or external use. 
Amomum (ah-mo'mum) [L.; Gr. apupov], A genus 
of scitamineous plants which afford cardamoms 
and grains of paradise. See cardamom and grains 
of paradise. 
amoralia (ah-mo-ra'le-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- moral]. 
Moral imbecility. 
amoralis (ah-mo-ra'lis) [Gr. a neg. 4- mora'lis 
moral]. A moral imbecile. 
amorpha (ah-mor'fah) [Gr. a neg. 4- pop^q form]. 
Diseases that evince no definite pathologic changes, 
amorphia, amorphism (ah-mor'fe-ah, ah-morf'- 
izm) [Gr. a neg. 4- poppi) form]. The fact or 
quality of being amorphous. 
amorphous (am-or'fus) [Gr. a neg. 4- pop<pq form]. 
Having no definite form; shapeless. 
amorphus (am-or'fus) [Gr. a neg. 4- pop^ form]. 
A shapeless acardiac monster-fetus. 
amo'tio ret'inse [L.]. Separation of the retina. 
Amp. Abbreviation for ampere. 
ampelopsin (am-pe-lop'sin). A concentration pre- 
pared from Ampelop'sis quinquefo'lia. Dose, 2-4 
gr. (0.133-0.26 gm.). 
Ampelopsis (am-pe-lop'sis) [L.; Gr. apireXos grape 
4- of is appearance]. A genus of vitaceous climb- 
ing shrubs. A. quinquefo'lia, the Virginia 
creeper, is tonic, expectorant, astringent. Dose 
of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
ampelotherapy (am-pel-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. apireXos 
vine 4- therapy]. The therapeutic use of grape 
products; grape cure. 
amperage (am'per-aj). The intensity of an elec- 
tric current expressed in amperes. 
ampere (ahm-par') [for Andr6 M. Ampere, 1775- 
1836]. The unit of electriC-current strength; 
the current afforded by one volt of electromotive 
force against one ohm of resistance. See current. 
amperemeter (ahm-par'me-ter). An instrument 
for measuring amperage. 
amphamphoterodiplopia (am-fam-fo"ter-o- 
dip-lo'pe-ah) [Gr. &p<pl on both sides 4* apiporepos 
both together 4- diplopia]. Double vision with 
both eyes together, or with either eye separately. 
ampheclexis (am-fek-leks'is) [Gr. ap<pl on both 
sides 4- e«Xe£is selection]. Sexual selection on the 
part of both male and female. 
amphiarkyochrome (am-fc-ar'ke-o-krom) [Gr. 
apqri both 4- apKvs net 4- xP&pa color], A nerve- 
cell, the stainable portion of whose body is a pale 
network, of which the nodal points are joined by a 
readily and intensely stainable network. 
amphiarthrosis (am-fe-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. ap<pi both 
4* ap0pu>ais joint]. A joint in which the surfaces 
are connected by disks of fibrocartilage, as be- 
tween vertebra?, or by synovial membranes, as 
in the pubic symphysis. This form of articula- 
tion admits of but little motion. 
amphiaster (am-fe-as'ter) [Gr. 6,p<pl both 4- &arr)p 
star]. The figure of achromatin fibers formed in 
karyokinesis, consisting of two asters joined by a 
spindle. See diaster. 
Amphibia (am-fib'e-ah) [Gr. &p<pl both 4- 
life]. A class of vertebrated animals that are able 
to live both on land and in water, as the frog. 
amphibious (am-fib'e-us). See Amphibia. Capa- 
ble of living both on land and in water. 
amphiblastula (am-fe-blas'tu-lah) [Gr. 
double 4- blastula], A blastula with unequal seg- 
ments. 
amphiblestritis (am-fe-bles-tri'tis) [Gr. 
PX-qarpov net 4- ms inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the retina. 
amphibolia (am-fib-o'le-ah) [Gr. " uncertainty "]. 
The uncertain stage of a fever or disease: a period 
of doubtful prognosis. 
amphibolic, amphibolous (am-fe-bol'ik, am-fib'- 
ol-us) [Gr. ap^plffoXos uncertain or doubtful]. 
Uncertain; vacillating; of doubtful prognosis. 
amphicelous (am-fe-se'lus) [Gr. ap<pi both 4- koiXos 
hollow]. Concave at both ends or sides. 
amphicentric (am-fe-sen'trik) [Gr. 6,p<pl both 4- 
Kevrpov point]. Beginning and ending in the same 
vessel, as a branch of a rete mirabile. 
amphichroic, amphichromatic (am-fe-kro'ik, 
am"fe-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. apipl both 4- color]. 
Affecting both red and blue litmus. 
amphicrania (am-fik-ra'ne-ah) [Gr. ap<pi both 4* 
Kpaviov head]. Pain in both sides of the head. 
amphicreatin (am-fik*re'at-in) [Gr. apipl both 4- 
creatin]. A leukomain, C9Hl9N7Ot, from mus- 
cle, occurring in the form of opaque, yellowish- 
white crystals. 
amphicreatinin (am-fik-re-at'in-in) [Gr. ap<pi both 
4- creatinin]. A poisonous leukomain, C9H10N7O4, 
from muscle. 
amphicroic (am-fi-kro'ik) [Gr. ap<pi both 4- Kpovetv 
to test]. Turning red litmus paper blue, and blue 
litmus paper red. 
amphicyte (am'fe-sit) [Gr. a.p<pi double 4- kutos 
cell]. One of the cells forming the capsule which 
surrounds a cerebrospinal ganglion cell. Called 
also capsule cell. 
amphicytula (am-fis-it'u-lah) [Gr. apqA double 4* 
cytula]. The ovum in its cytula stage. 
amphidiarthrosis (am"fe-di-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. 
&p<pl double 4- diarthrosis], A joint having the 
nature of both a ginglymus and arthrodia, as the 
articulation of the lower jaw. 
amphigastrula (am-fe-gas'tru-lah) [Gr. ap<pi 
double 4- gastrula]. The ovum at an advanced 
stage of gastrulation. 
amphigenetic (am-fe-jen-et'ik). Produced by 
means of both sexes; as, amphigenetic reproduction. 
amphigonium (am-fe-go'ne-um) [Gr. ap<pi on 
both sides 4- ybuos generation]. That stage of the 
life of a malarial parasite which is passed in the 
mosquito. 
amphikreatin (am-fik-re'at-in). See amphicre- 
atin. 
amphikreatinin (am-fik-re-at'in-in). See am- 
phicreatinin. 
amphileucemic, amphileukemic (am-fe-lu-se'- 
mik, -ke'mik) [Gr. ap<pl both 4- leukemic]. Show- 
ing leukemic changes which vary in degree with the 
changes in the organ. 
amphimicrobian (am-fe-mik-ro'be-an) [Gr. ap<pl 
both 4- microbe]. Both aerobic and anaerobic. 
amphimixis (am-fim-iks'is) [Gr. ap<pi both 4- pi£is 
a mingling]. The union of germ nuclei in repro- 
duction; the mingling of the germ plasm, or heredi- 
tary substance, of two individuals. 
amphimorula (am-fe-mor'u-lah) [Gr. ap<pl both 4* 
morula]. The morula resulting from unequal 
segmentation, the cells of the two hemispheres 
being of unequal size. 
amphinucleus (am-fe-nu'kle-us) [Gr. &p<pl both 4* 
nucleus]. A nucleus that consists of a single AMPHIPEPTONE 
67 
AMPUTATION 
bo<j£ made of spindle-fibers and centrosome, 
around which the chromatin is massed. It is the 
ordinary form of protozoan nucleus. Called also 
centronucleus. 
amphipeptone (am-fe-pep'ton) [Gr. appt both + 
peptone]. A mixture of antipeptone with hemi- 
peptone formed in the digestion of proteins. 
amphipyrenin (am-fe-pi'ren-in) [Gr. ap<pl on both 
sides + irvpvv stone of a fruit]. The substance of 
the nuclear membrane of a cell. 
Amphistoma (am-fis'to-mah) [Gr. awl on both 
sides + aropa mouth]. A genus of parasitic 
trematode worms. A. con'icum, a species found 
in the rumen of sheep, cattle, etc. A. hom'inis, 
a species occasionally found in the human intestines 
in India. A. watso'ni, a trematode worm dis- 
covered in the small intestine of a negro who had 
died of diarrhea and starvation. 
amphistomiasis (am"fe-sto-mi'as-is). The con- 
' dition of being infected with trematodes of the 
genus Amphistoma. 
amphitrichous (am-fit'rik-us) [Gr. awl both + 
0pl£ hair]. Having flagella at each end. 
amphitropic (am-fe-trop'ik). Passing into the 
abdomen or other cavity from one side. 
amphitypy (am'fit-i-pe). The condition of show- 
ing both types. 
ampho-albumose (am-fo-al'bu-mbs). Any albu- 
mose which is converted by digestion into am- 
phopeptone. 
amphochromatophil (am'To-kro-mat'o-fil). Am- 
phophil. 
amphochromophil (am-fo-kro'mo-fil) [Gr. apw 
both + xpwpa color + ipiXelv to love]. Ampho- 
phil. 
amphodiplopia (am-fo-dip-lo'pe-ah) [Gr. ap<pw 
both + diplopia]. Double vision in both eyes. 
amphopeptone (am-fo-pep'ton). See amphipep- 
tone. 
amphophil, amphophilic, amphophilous 
(am'fo-fil, am-fo-firik, am-fofil-us) [Gr. appto both 
+ tpdXeiv to love]. Stainable with either acid or 
basic dyes; also a cel! so staining, a.-basophil, 
staining with both acid and basic stains, but having 
a greater affinity for basic ones. a.-oxyphil, 
staining with both acid and basic dyes, but having 
a greater affinity for the acid ones. 
amphoric (am-foFik) [L. amphor'icus, from am'- 
phora jar]. Pertaining to a bottle; resembling 
the sound made by blowing across the mouth of 
a bottle. 
amphoricity (am-fo-ris'it-e). The condition Of 
giving off amphoric sounds on percussion or aus- 
cultation. 
amphoriloquy (am-for-il'o-kwe) [L. am'phora jar 
+ lo'qui to speak]. The production of amphoric 
sounds in speaking. 
amphorophony (am-for-of'on-e) [Gr. apupopevs jug 
+ sound]. An amphoric sound of the voice. 
amphoteric, amphoterous (am-fo-ter'ik, am-fot'- 
er-us) [Gr. dp<porepos pertaining to both]. Having 
opposite characters; capable of acting either as an 
acid or as a base; affecting both red and blue litmus. 
amphoterism (am-fo'ter-izm). [See amphoteric.] 
The possession of both basic and acid properties. 
amphoterodiplopia (am-fot"er-o-di-plo'pe-ah) 
[Gr. apporepos both + diplopia]. See ampho- 
diplopia. 
amphotropin (am-fo-tro'pin). A white, crystal- 
line powder, hexametliylenamin camphorate, 
[(CHajeN^.CgHufCOOHjs: used as a urinary anti- 
septic. Dose, 75-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
amplification (am-plif-ik-a'shun) [L. amplifica'- 
tio]. The enlargement of the visual area of a 
microscope. 
amplifier (am'plif-i-er). An appliance for in- 
creasing the magnification of a microscope. 
amplitude (am'plit-ud) [L. amplitu'do]. Large- 
ness or fulness; wideness or breadth of range or 
extent, a. of accommodation, the total 
amount of accommodative power of the eye; the 
difference in refractive power of the eye when ad- 
justed for farthest vision and that when adjusted 
for nearest vision, a. of convergence, the 
power required to turn the eyes from their far- 
point to their near-point of convergence. 
ampule (ahm-pool') [Fr.]. A small glass container 
capable of being sealed so as to preserve its con- 
tents in a sterile condition: used principally for 
containing hypodermic solutions. 
ampulla (am-pul'ah) [L. " a jug "], pl. am pul'Ite. 
Any flask-like dilatation; especially the dilated end 
of the semicircular canal of the ear, that of the 
oviduct, or that of the mammary ducts. Bry- 
ant's a., an apparent distention of an artery 
above a ligature, a. chyTi, the receptaculum 
chyli. a. ductus deferen'tis [BNA]. Same 
as Henle's a. a. duc tus lacrima'lis, a dilata- 
tion of the lacrimal duct just beyond the punctum. 
Galen's a., a dilatation of the vena magna 
galeni. Henle's a., the dilated extremity 
of the vas deferens, a. lactif'era, a dilatation 
in a milk-duct just before it enters the nipple. 
Lieberkuhn's a., the cecal termination of a 
lacteal in an intestinal villus, a. membrana'- 
cea, the membranous ampulla of the membranous 
labyrinth. Its parts are distinguished as posterior, 
superior, and lateral, a. ossea, the bony laby- 
rinth. a. rec ti [B N A], a. of the rectum, 
the dilated portion of the rectum above the perineal 
flexure, a. of Thoma, one of the small terminal 
expansions in the spleen pulp of the interlobar 
artery of the spleen, a. tu'bse uteri'nae, the 
wide part of the oviduct near the fimbriated end. 
a. of vas deferens. Same as Henle's a. a. of 
Vater, a dilatation at the entrance of the common, 
bile-duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum, 
ampullar (am-pul'ar). Pertaining to an ampulla, 
ampullitis (am-pul-i'tis). Inflammation of an- 
ampulla, especially the ampulla of Henle. 
ampullula (am-pul'u-lah) [L.]. Any minute 
ampulla, like many of those of the lymphatic and 
lacteal vessels. 
amputation (am-pu-ta'shun) [L. amputa'tio]. The 
surgical cutting off of a limb or other part, ac- 
cidental a., the separation or loss of a limb by 
an accident. Alanson's a , circular amputation 
with a stump shaped like a hollow cone. Al- 
ouette's a., amputation at the hip by a semicir- 
cular outer flap to the great trochanter, and a large 
internal flap from within outward, aperiosteal 
a., amputation with complete removal of the peri- 
osteum from the end of the stump of the bone. Be- 
dard's a., amputation at hip-joint by cutting the 
posterior flap first. Bier's a., osteoplastic ampu- 
tation of the leg with a bone-flap cut out of the tibia 
and fibula above the stump, bloodless a., one in 
which there is little or no loss of blood, the cir- 
culation being controlled by mechanic means. 
Bunge's a., aperiosteal amputation. Car- 
den's a., a single-flap operation, cutting through 
the femur just above the knee, central a., 
one in which the scar is situated at or near the 
center of the stump, chop a., amputation by a 
circular cut through the parts without the forma- 
tion of a flap. Chopart's a., mediotarsal 
a., amputation of the foot, the calcaneum. as- 
tragalus, and a part of the tarsus being retained, 
cinematic a., cineplastic a. See kineplasty. 
circular a., one performed by means of a single 
flap and by a circular cut in a. direction vertical 
to the long axis of a limb, coat-sleeve a., a 
circular amputation, with a single skin-flap made 
very long, the end being closed with a tape, com- 
plete a., amputation in which the entire limb 
or segment of the limb is removed, congenital 
a., the amputation of a part of the fetus by a con- 
stricting band, consecutive a., an amputa- 
tion during or after the period of suppuration, 
a. in contiguity, an amputation at a joint. AMPUTATIONS 
68 
AMPUTATIONS 
1. Amputation of lower third of forearm (Teale's); 2, at 
shoulder-joint by large postern external flap (second method): 
3. at shoulder-joint ny triangular flap from deltoid (third 
method); 4, 5, through tarsus (Chopart's); 6. 7, at knee- 
Joint; 8, by single flap (Carden's); 9, xo, of thigh (Teale's). 
i, Amputation at wrist-joint (dorsal incision); 2, at wrist-joint (palmar 
incision); 3, at forearm (dorsal incision); 4, at forearm (palmar incision); 
5, at elbow-joint (anterior flap); 6. at arm (Teale's); 7, at shoulder-joint 
(first method); 8, 9, of metatarsus (Hey's); 10, xi. at ankle (Syme's); 
12, 13, of leg, posterior flap (Lee's); 14, at knee-ioint (Carden's); 15, of 
thigh (B. Bell's); 16, of thigh (Spencer's); 17, of thigh in middle third; 
18, at hip-joint. 
x. Amputation of arm by double flaps ; 2, at shoulder-joint; 3, at 
ankle-joint by internal flap (Mackenzie's); 4, 5, of leg just above the 
ankle-ioint (Siyjne's); 6, 7, below the knee (modified circular); 8, through 
condyles of femur (Syme's); 9, at lower third of thigh (Syme's). 
i, Amputation at elbow-joint (posterior flap); 2, at shook 
der-joint, posterior incision (first method); 3, at ankle-joint 
(Mackenzie's); 4, through condyles of femur (Syme's); 5, at 
lower third of thigh (Syme's) ; 6, at knee (posterior incision>■ 
7, of thigh (Spencer's); 8, at hip-joint. AMPUTATION 
69 
AMYELINURIA 
a. in continuity, an amputation elsewhere 
than at a joint, cutaneous a., amputation 
in which the flaps are composed entirely of skin, 
diaclastic a., an amputation in which the bone 
is broken by the osteoclast and the soft tissues 
divided by the ecraseur. Dieffenbach's a. 
See Diejfenbach's operation, under operation. 
double-flap a., one in which two flaps are 
formed, dry a. See bloodless a. Dupuytren's 
a., a method of removing the arm at the shoulder- 
joint: called also Lis franc's a. eccentric a., 
one in which the scar is not at the center of the 
stump, elliptic a., one in which the cut has an 
elliptic outline on account of the oblique direction 
of the incision. Farabeuf ' s a., amputation of the 
leg at the "place of choice" by a large external 
flap, flap a., one in which flaps are made from 
the soft tissues, the division being oblique, flap- 
less a., one in which no flaps are formed, and 
the wound must heal by granulation. Forbes' 
a., a foot amputation which retains the calcaneum, 
astragalus, scaphoid, and a part of the cuboid 
bones, galvanocaustic a., one in which the 
soft parts are divided with the galvanocautery. 
Gritti's a., one resembling Carden's, the patella 
being retained at the end of the stump, being 
brought into contact with the cut surface of the 
femur. Guyon's a., amputation above the mal- 
leoli. Hancock's a., one like Pirogoff's, except 
that a part of the astragalus is also retained in the 
flap, the lower surface being sawed off and the cut 
surface of the os calcis brought into contact with it. 
Hey's a., disarticulation of the metatarsus from 
the tarsus, with removal of a part of the internal 
cuneiform bone, immediate a., one performed 
within twelve hours after the injury, inter- 
mediary a., intermediate a., one done during 
the period. of reaction and before suppuration, 
interpelviabdominal a., amputation of thigh 
with excision of the lateral half of the pelvis, 
interscapulothoracic a., amputation of the 
upper extremity, including the scapula and ex- 
ternal part of the clavicle, intrapyretic a. 
Same as intermediary a. intra-uterine a., 
amputation of limbs of the fetus in utero by con- 
stricting bands. Jaboulay's a., interpelviab- 
dominal amputation, kineplastic a. See kine- 
plasty. Langenbeck's a., amputation in which 
the flaps are cut from without inward. Lar- 
rey's a., a method of disarticulation of the 
humerus at the shoulder-joint by an incision 
extending from the acromion about three inches 
down the arm, splitting the deltoid muscle, and 
from this point about the arm to the center of 
the axilla. Le Fort's a., a modification of 
Pirogoff's amputation in which the calcaneus is 
sawed through horizontally instead of vertically, 
linear a., amputation by a simple straight divi- 
sion of all the tissues. Lisfranc's a. i. See 
Dupuytren's a. 2. A division of the foot between 
the tarsus and the metatarsus. MacKenzie's 
a., amputation like that of Syme except that 
the flap is taken from the inner side of the ankle. 
Maisonneuve's a., amputation by break- 
ing the bone, followed by cutting of the soft 
parts, major a., amputation of a leg above 
the ankle or of an arm above the wrist. Mal- 
gaigne's a., one in which only the astragalus 
is retained in the stump, mediate a. See 
intermediary a. mediotarsal a. See Chopart's 
a. minor a., amputation of a small part, as a 
finger or toe. mixed a., that which is performed 
by a combination of the circular and flap methods, 
multiple a., amputation of two or more parts 
at the same time, musculocutaneous a., 
one in which the flap consists of muscle and skin, 
natural a. Same as congenital a. oblique a. 
Same as oval a. osteoplastic a., one in which 
the two severed surfaces of bone are brought into 
contact so as to unite, oval a., one in which 
the incision consists of two reversed spirals, par- 
tial a., amputation of only a portion or segment 
of a limb, pathologic a., amputation for a 
diseased condition of the part, as tumor, peri- 
osteoplastic a. Same as subperiosteal a. Piro- 
goff's a., one resembling Syme's, but a part of the 
os calcis remains in the flap at the lower end of the 
stump, primary a., one performed after the 
period of shock, and before the development of 
inflammation, quadruple a., amputation of 
all four extremities, racket a., one in which 
there is a single longitudinal incision continuous 
below with a spiral incision on each side of the 
limb, rectangular a., one with a long and a 
short rectangular skin-flap. See Teale's a. 
Ricard's a., intertibiocalcaneal amputation, 
root a., in dentistry the operation of excising the 
apical portion of a diseased root by means of a sur- 
gical burr, secondary a., one performed during 
suppuration, spontaneous a. See congenital 
a. subastragalar a., disarticulation of the 
foot, in which only the astragalus is retained: 
called also Malgaigne's a. subperiosteal a., 
one in which the cut end of the bone is covered with 
a flap of periosteum. Syme's a., a dislocation 
of the foot and removal of both malleoli, syn- 
chronous a., multiple amputation; especially 
multiple amputation in which two or more parts 
are removed simultaneously by different oper- 
ators. Teale's a., amputation with a long rec- 
tangular flap of muscle and integument on one 
side of the limb and a short rectangular flap on 
the other, tertiary a., amputation done after 
the stage of inflammatory reaction has subsided, 
a. by transfixion, one performed by thrusting 
a long knife through the limb and cutting the flaps 
from within out. traumatic a., amputation 
of a part happening in an accident. Tripier's 
a., one like Chopart's, except that a part of the 
tarsus is removed, triple a., amputation of three 
extremities. Vladimiroff-Mikulicz a., osteo- 
plastic resection of the foot with excision of the 
calcaneum and astragalus. 
amrita (am're-tah). A proprietary aphrodisiac. 
amuck (ah-muk'). Same as amok. 
amusia (ah-mu'ze-ah) [Gr. apovata want of har- 
mony]. Inability to produce (motor a.) or 
to comprehend (sensory a.) musical sounds 
(Knoblanch). instrumental a., that in which 
the patient has lost the power of playing a musical 
instrument, paramusia is inability to produce 
correct musical sounds, vocal motor a., that in 
which the patient cannot sing in tune. 
Amussat's operation, probe, valve (am-oo- 
saz') [Jean Zulema Amussat, French surgeon, 1796- 
1856]. See under operation, probe, valve. 
amyasthenia (am-i-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. a neg. + pvs 
muscle + adevos force]. Deficiency of muscular 
force, especially a feeling of weakness in the arms 
and legs, often seen in hysteria. 
amyasthenic, amyosthenic (am-i-as-then'ik, -os- 
then'ik) [Gr. a priv. + pvs muscle + aaOeveia 
weakness]. Marked by muscular weakness. 
amycain (am'i-ka-in). Bi-hydrochlorid of amylene 
and novocain, a local anesthetic and hemostatic. 
amychophobia (ah-mi-ko-fo'be-ah) [Gr. apvxv a 
scratch + <po0os fear]. Morbid fear of being 
scratched, as by the claws of a cat. 
amyelencephalia (ah-mi"el-en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. 
a neg. + pveXbs marrow + eyKetpaXos brain]. 
Congenital absence of both brain and spinal cord. 
amyelencephalus (ah-mi"el-en-sef'al-us). A fetal 
monster with neither brain nor spinal cord. 
amyelia (ah-mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. a priv. + pu«Xos mar- 
row]. Congenital absence of the spinal cord. 
amyelic (ah-mi-el'ik). Having no spinal cord. 
amyelinic (ah-mi-el-in'ik). Without myelin; hav- 
ing no medullary sheath. 
amyelinuria (ah-mi-el-in-u're-ah) [a priv. -f- pue- 
Xos marrow + vevpov nerve] Paralysis or defective 
function of the spine. AMYELONIC 
70 
AMYLOPLAST 
amyelonic (ah-mi-el-on'ik) [Gr. a neg. 4- pveXbs 
marrow]. 1. Having no spinal cord. 2. Having 
no marrow. 
amyelotrophy (ah-mi-el-ot'rof-e) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
pveXbs marrow 4- Tpotpq nourishment]. Atrophy 
of the spinal cord. 
amyelus (ah-mi'el-us) [Gr. a neg. 4- pveXbs mar- 
row]. A fetus with no spinal cord. 
amygdala (am-ig'dal-ah) [L. "almond"]. 1. The 
almond; the fruit of Amyg'dalus commu'nis. See 
almond. 2. A tonsil. 3. One of the lobules of 
the cerebellum, situated on the lower surface of 
either hemisphere. It lies near the median fissure 
and extends into the fourth ventricle. 4. nodular 
mass of cortical cinerea at the apex of the temporal 
lobe. a. am'ara, the bitter almond. See 
almond, a. dul'cis, the sweet almond of many 
varieties. See almond. 
amygdalectomy (am-ig-dal-ek'to-me) [Gr. apvy- 
5aX»? almond 4- eKropq excision]. Excision of a 
tonsil. 
amygdalin (am-ig'dal-in). A glucosid from bitter 
almond and the leaves of cherry-laurel, C20H27- 
NOn 4* 3H2O. It is split by the enzyme emulsin 
into glucose, benzaldehyd, and hydrocyanic acid. 
amygdaline (am-ig'dal-in) [L. amygdali'nus]. 1. 
Like an almond. 2. Pertaining to a tonsil. 
amygdalitis (am-ig-dal-i'tis). Inflammation of a 
tonsil. 
amygdaloglossus (am-ig"dal-o-glos'us). See in 
muscles, table of. 
amygdaloid (am-ig'dal-oid) [Gr. apvybaXq almond 
4- elbos form]. Like a tonsil or an almond. 
amygdalolith (am-ig-dal'o-lith) [Gr. apvybaXq 
almond 4- Xidos stone]. A concretion in a tonsil. 
amygdalopathy(am-ig-dal-op'ath-e) [Gr. ap vybaXq 
tonsil 4- Trados illness]. Any disease of a tonsil. 
amygdalophenin (am-ig"dal-o-fe'nin). A gray- 
ish-white, crystalline compound, salicyl phenetidin, 
C6H4(OC2H5)NHOCCH(OH)C0H5: used as an 
antirheumatic in doses of 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
amygdalothrypsis (am-ig"dal-o-thrip'sis) [Gr. 
apvybaXq tonsil 4- Opuses crushing]. Removal of a 
hypertrophied tonsil by crushing with a strong for- 
ceps. 
amygdalotome (am-ig'dal-o-tom) [Gr. &pvy5aXr) 
almond 4- ropq cut]. An instrument for cutting 
the tonsils. 
amygdalotomy (am-ig-dal-ot'o-me). Incision or 
abscission of a tonsil. 
amygdalo-uvular (am-ig"dal-o-u'vu-lar). Per- 
taining to the amygdala and the uvula of the cere- 
bellum. 
amygdophenin (am-ig-do-fe'nin). Phenylglycolyl- 
phenetidin. Its acetyl derivative is antiseptic and 
febrifuge. 
amykos (ah-mi'kos) [Gr. a neg. 4- pvkos impure]. 
An antiseptic wash of borax, thymol, and glycerin, 
amyl (am'il) [Gr. apvXov starch]. The univalent 
radical, C5Hn. a. acetate, a colorless, limpid 
liquid, the acetic acid ester of amyl alcohol, CH3.- 
CO.OC5H11, prepared by distilling 1 part of amylic 
alcohol, 2 parts of potassium acetate, and 1 of 
concentrated sulphuric acid. It has the odor of 
bananas and is called banana oil. a. alcohol. 
See under alcohol, a. chlor id, a colorless liquid, 
CjHuCl# a slow but profound anesthetic, a. 
hydrid. See penlane. a. iodid, a volatile com- 
pound, C5H11I, used in dyspnea and heart affec- 
tions by inhalation, a. nitrite, a yellowish, 
volatile, fragrant liquid, C5H11NO2. It is a vaso- 
dilator and heart stimulant, and is used to arrest 
spasm in epilepsy, malaria, and angina pectoris, 
and is an antidote'to chloroform. Dose, {-i min. 
(0.0165-0.066 c.c.); by inhalation, 2-5 min. (0.133- 
0-333 c.c.). a. salicylate, a compound, CjHu.- 
O2C.CeH4.OH: used like methyl salicylate in rheu- 
matism. a. valerate, a. valerianate, a color- 
less liquid, the so-called apple-oil, C4H9.CO.O.C5- 
Hu. It is an artificial flavoring substance, and is 
used for its action on the liver in colic from gall- 
stones. Dose, 2-3 min. (0.133-0.2 c.c.). 
amylaceous (am-il-a'she-us) [L. amyla'ceus]. 
Starchy; containing starch; of the nature of starch. 
amylamin (am-il-am'in). A poisonous liquid base, 
C5H11NH2, sometimes found in cod-liver oil, and 
formed by the decomposition of yeast, a. hy- 
drochlorid, a compound, C5H11NH2HCI: used as 
an antipyretic. Dose, 7-15 gr. (0.45-1 gm.). 
amylase (am'il-as) [Gr. apvXov starch + -ase]. 
Any one of a series of ferments which convert 
starch into sugar. The amylases include maltase, 
glucase, and granulase. 
amylemia, amylaemia (am-il-e'me-ah) [Gr. apvXov 
starch + alpa blood]. Presence of starch in the 
blood. 
amylene (am'il-en). A liquid hydrocarbon of five 
isomeric forms, C5H10, an unsafe anesthetic, a. 
chloral, an oily, colorless liquid, composed of 
chloral and amylene hydrate: used as a hypnotic, 
a. hydrate, a colorless liquid, (CH3)2C(OII)C2H5: 
used as a hypnotic and in epilepsy. Dose, 30-60 
min. (2-4 c.c.). 
amylenization (am-il-en-iz-a'shun). Anesthesia 
produced by amylene. 
amylenol (am-i'len-ol). The amyl ester of sali- 
cylic acid: used externally in rheumatism. 
amylic (am-il'ik) [L. amyl'icus]. Pertaining to 
amyl. a. alcohol. See under alcohol. 
amylin (am'il-in). Insoluble amidin. 
amylism (am'il-izm). Intoxication or poisoning by 
amyl alcohol. 
Amylobacter (am-il-o-bak'ter) [Gr. apvXov starch 
4- 0aKTT)piov bacterium]. A genus of Schizomy- 
cetes marked by containing starch in their interior, 
amylocoagulase (am"il-o-ko-ag'u-las). A ferment 
occurring in cereals which coagulates soluble 
starch. 
amylodextrin (am-il-o-dek'strin). A compound, 
colored yellow by iodin, formed during the change 
of starch into sugar. 
amylodyspepsia (am-i"lo-dis-pep'se-ah) [Gr. 
apvXov starch 4- dyspepsia]. Inability to digest 
starch foods. 
amyloform (am-il'of-orm) [Gr. apvXov starch 4- 
formyl]. A white, insoluble, antiseptic, and de- 
odorizing powder, containing starch and formal- 
dehyd, and used like iodoform. 
amylogen (am-iro-jen). The portion of the starch 
granule that is soluble in water. 
amylogenesis (am"il-o-jen'es-is). The formation 
of starch. 
amylogenic (am-il-o-jen'ik) [Gr. apvXov starch 4- 
yevvdv to produce]. Producing starch. 
amylohydrolysis (am"il-o-hi-drol'is-is). Hydrol- 
ysis of starch; amylolysis. 
amyloid (am'il-oid) [Gr. apvXov starch 4- eiSos 
form]. 1. Resembling starch; characterized by a 
starch-like formation. 2. The insoluble glycopro- 
teid substance, homogeneous, translucent, and 
colorless, deposited in certain pathologic conditions, 
a. degeneration, etc. See degeneration, etc. 
amyloidosis (am-il-oid-o'sis). The formation of 
amyloid substance in a tissue; amyloid degener- 
ation. 
amylolysis (am-il-ol'is-is) [Or. apvXov starch 4- 
Xvais solution]. The digestion and disintegra- 
tion of starch, or its conversion into sugar. 
amylolytic (am-il-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to or caus- 
ing the digestion of starch; as, amylolytic ferments. 
amylophagia (am-il-o-fa'je-ah) [Gr. apvXov starch 
+ tpayeiv to eat]. Starch-eating; an abnormal 
craving for starch. 
amyloplast (am-il'o-plast) [Gr. apvXov starch 4- 
TrXdaaeo' to form]. A starch-forming vegetable 
leukoplastid. AM YLO PLASTIC 
71 
ANAEROBE 
amyhoplastic (am"il-o-plas'tik). Forming starch, 
amylopsin (am-il-op'sin) [Gr. apvXov starch 4- 
o\pt.s appearance]. A pancreatic ferment which 
changes starch into maltose. 
amylose (am'il-6s). Any carbohydrate of the starch 
group; a polysaccharid. 
amylum (am'il-um) [L.; Gr. a/xuXop]. Starch, a. 
io da'turn, iodized starch: used as an alterant. 
Dose, 3-30 gr. (0.2-2 gm.). 
amyluria (am-il-u're-ah) [Gr. apvXov starch 4- 
ovpov urine]. Presence of starch in the urine. 
amylzyme (am'il-zim). A proprietary extract con- 
taining the digestive enzymes of the fresh pan- 
creas of the hog: used in digestive disturbances re- 
sulting from deficiency of pancreatic secretion. 
amynologic (ah-min-o-loj'ik). Immunologic, 
amynology (ah-min-ol'o-je). Same as immunology. 
amyocardia (ah-mi-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- pvs 
muscle 4- Kap8ia heart]. Weakness of the heart 
muscle. 
amyostasia (ah-mi-o-sta'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- pvs 
muscle 4- ardats standing]. A tremor of the 
muscles, seen especially in locomotor ataxia. 
amyosthenia (ah-mi-o-sthe'ne-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
pvs muscle 4- aOevos strength]. Deficient muscular 
power. See amyasthenia. 
amyosthenic (ah-mi-os-then'ik). Characterized 
by or causing muscular weakness. 
amyotaxia (ah-mi-o-taks'e-ah). Same as amyotaxy. 
amyotaxy (ah-mi'o-taks-e) [Gr. a neg. 4- pvs 
muscle 4- rdaaeiv to arrange]. Muscular ataxia. 
amyotonia (ah-mi-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- pvs 
muscle 4- tovos tone]. Atonic condition of the 
musculature of the body; myatonia. a. congen'- 
ita (Oppenheim, 1900), myatonia congenita. 
amyotrophia, amyotrophy (ah-mi-o-tro'fe-ah, 
ah-mi-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. a neg. 4- pvs muscle 4- Tpotpi] 
nourishment]. Atrophy of a muscle, a. spi- 
na'lis progressi'va, progressive muscular atro- 
phy. 
amyotrophic (ah-mi-o-trof'ik). Characterized by 
muscular atrophy. 
amyous (am'i-us) [Gr. a neg. 4- pvs muscle]. De- 
ficient in muscular tissue. 
amytin (am-i'tin). Anitin. 
amyxia (ah-mik'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- pv^a mucus]. 
Absence of mucus. 
amyxorrhea (ah-mik-so-re'ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- pv^a 
mucus 4- poia flow]. Absence of mucous secre- 
tion. a. gas'trica, deficiency of mucus in the 
gastric secretion. 
An. Abbreviation for anode and anisometropia. 
ana (an'ah) [Gr.]. So much of each; usually written 
ad. 
anabasis (an-ab'as-is) [Gr. " ascent "]. The stage 
of increase in a disease. 
anabatic (an-ab-at'ik) [Gr. dva^ariKos]. Increas- 
ing or growing more intense. • 
Anabena (an-ab'en-ah). A genus of blue-green 
algae which sometimes imparts a pig-pen odor to a 
water-supply. 
anabiosis (an-ah-bi-o'sis) [Gr. "revival"]. Res- 
toration after apparent death. 
anabiotic (an-ah-bi-ot'ik). Lifeless, but still capa- 
ble of living. 
anabolergy (an-ab-ol'er-je) [Gr. dva^dXXeiv to 
build up 4" epyov work]. Force expended in 
anabolism, or in anabolic processes. 
anabolic (an-ah-bol'ik) [Gr. dva^oXcKos]- Pertain- 
ing to constructive processes; constructive. 
anabolin (an-ab'ol-in). Any product of a con- 
structive process. 
anabolism (an-ab'ol-izm) [Gr. dvaB dXXetv to build 
up]. Any constructive process by which simple 
substances are converted by living cells into more 
complex compounds; constructive metabolism and 
assimilation. 
anabolistic (an-ab-o-lis'tik). Pertaining to anab- 
olism. 
anabrosis (an-ab-ro'sis) [Gr.]. Ulceration or ero- 
sion of the surface. 
anabrotic (an-ab-rot'ik). Pertaining to or marked 
by anabrosis. 
anacamptic (an-a-kamp'tik). Pertaining to re- 
flection, as of sound or light. 
anacamptometer (an"ah-kamp-tom'et-er) [Gr. 
dvanapypis reflection 4- ptTpov measure]. An in- 
strument for measuring the reflexes (Duprat, 1886). 
Anacardium (an-ah-kar'de-um) [L.; Gr. dvd up 4- 
Kapola heart]. A genus of tropical trees with a 
poisonous juice. A. occidenta'le, the cashew tree, 
affords the cashew-nut and a useful gum, as well 
as cardol (q. v.). It is used for leprosy, for de- 
stroying corns and warts, and as a vermicide. 
Dose of tincture, 2-10 min. (0.133-0.666 c.c.). 
An ointment is used as a blistering application. 
anacatadidymus (an"ah-kat-ad-id'im-us) [Gr. d^a 
up + Kara down 4- 8l8vpos twin]. A twin-mon- 
ster separated above and below, but united into 
one near the waist. 
anacatesthesia (an"ah-kat-es-the'ze-ah). Ana- 
katesthesia. 
anacatharsis (an"ah-kath-ar'sis) [Gr. d^a up 4* 
catharsis]. Severe vomiting. 
anachlorhydria (an-ak-lor-hid're-ah). Absence of 
hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice. 
anacholia (an-ah-ko'le-ah). Decreased secretion 
of bile. 
anacidity (an-as-id'it-e) [Gr. dv neg. + acidity]. 
Lack of normal acidity. 
anaclasimeter (an-ak-las-im'et-er) [Gr. dvaKXaats 
refraction 4- perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring eye-refraction. 
anaclasis (an-ak'lah-sis) [Gr. " reflection "]. 1. 
Reflection or refraction of light. 2. Reflex ac- 
tion. 3. Refracture. 4. Forcible flexion of a 
limb; the breaking up of an ankylosis. 
anacousia (an-ah-ku'se-ah). Anakusis. 
anacroasia (an-ak-ro-a'ze-ah) [Gr. dv neg. + aKpoa- 
<ns hearing]. Inability to understand language, 
due to cerebral disease. 
anacrotic (an-ak-rot'ik). Characterized by anac- 
rotism 
anacrotism (an-ak'rot-izm) [Gr. dvd up 4- Kpdros 
stroke]. The existence of two or more expan- 
sions of an artery in one beat, the lesser expan- 
sion taking place before the principal one. The 
condition is seen in hypertrophy and dilatation 
of the left ventricle, after ligation of an artery, 
in diminished velocity of blood-current, etc. 
anacusis (an-ah-ku'sis). Same as anakusis. 
anadenia (an-ad-e'ne-ah) [Gr. dv neg. 4- adr/v 
gland]. 1. Absence of glands. 2. Insufficiency of 
glandular function, a. ventric'uli, absence or 
destruction of the glands of the stomach. 
anadicrotic (an-ah-di-krot'ik). Characterized by 
double indentation of the ascending wave of the 
sphygmogfaphic record. 
anadicrotism (an-ah-dik'rot-izm) [Gr. dvd up 4~ 
8ls twice 4- npdros stroke]. The fact or quality 
of being anadicrotic. 
anadidymus (an-ah-did'im-us) [Gr. dvd up 4- 
didvpos twin]. A monster-fetus, double above, but 
joined below. 
anadipsia (an-ah-dip'se-ah) [Gr. dvd intensive 4- 
8upa thirst]. Intense thirst. 
anadol (an'ad-ol). A proprietary acetanilid prepa- 
ration. 
anaemia, anaemic. See anemia, anemic. 
anaerobe, anaerobion (an-a'er-6b, an-a-er-o'be- 
on) [Gr. dv neg. 4- dpp air 4- &ios life]. Any 
microorganism having the power to live without 
either air or free oxygen, facultative a., a ANAEROBIA 
72 
ANANGIOPLASTIC 
microorganism which usually lives in oxygen, but 
is able to live without it. obligate a., a micro- 
organism which can live and grow only in the 
absence of free oxygen. 
anaerobia (an-a-er-o'be-ah). Pl. of anaer obion. 
anaerobic, anaerobiotic (an-a-er-ob'ik, an-a"er- 
o-bi-ot'ik). Thriving best without air. 
anaerobiosis (an-a"er-o-bi-o'sis) [Gr. dr neg. + 
dqp air + jSios life]. Life without free oxygen. 
anaerobism (an-a'er-o-bizm). The ability to live 
without oxygen. 
Anaeromy'ces bronchit'ica. A branching diph- 
theroid micro-organism found in certain cases of 
tropical bronchitis. 
anaerophyte (an-a'er-o-fit) [Gr. dr neg. 4- dqp air 
4- (pvrop plant]. A vegetable anaerobic microor- 
ganism. 
anaeroplasty (an-a'er-op-las-te) [Gr. dr neg. + 
dqp air 4- irXdaaeir to form]. Exclusion of the 
air from wounds by applying water. 
anaerosis (an-a-er-o'sis) [Gr. dr neg. 4- d^p air]. 
Interruption of the respiratory function, especially 
in the newborn. 
ansesin (an-e'sin). See anesin. 
anaesthesia, anaesthetic. See anesthesia, anes- 
thetic. 
anaestiform (an-es'tif-orm). A local anesthetic 
preparation of reniglandin, cocain hydrochlorid, 
and sodium sulphate. 
anagenesis (an-aj-en'es-is) [Gr. drd again + yep eats 
production]. Reproduction or regeneration of 
tissue. 
anagenetic (an-aj-en-et'ik). Pertaining to or 
producing anagenesis. 
anagnosasthenia (an-ag-nos-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. 
dvdyvuai.s reading + asthenia]. Neurasthenia 
with distress at any attempt to read; also inability to 
read, although the eye can distinguish printed words. 
anagyrin (an-aj'ir-in) [Gr. dud back 4- yvpos turn]. 
An alkaloid, CuH1sN2O2> from Anagy'ris Jodtida, 
an old-world leguminous shrub; its hydrochlorate 
is a heart depressant, a. hydrobromid, a white, 
crystalline compound, CuHi8N2O3Br, used as a 
heart stimulant. 
anakatesthesia (an"ah-kat-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. dva 
up 4- Kara down 4- dtaOqaLs sensation]. A hover- 
ing feeling or sensation. 
anakhre (an-ak'er). See goundou. 
anakusis (an-ak-oo'sis) [Gr. dp neg. 4- dKoveip to 
hear]. Total deafness. 
anal (a'nal) [L. ana'lis]. Pertaining to the anus. 
analeptic (an-al-ep'tik) [Gr. dmXjjTrriKds]. 1. 
Restorative; cordial. 2. A restorative medicine 
or agent 
analeptol (an-al-ep'tol). A tonic compound of 
phosphorus, nux vomica, cinchona, cocoa leaves, 
and aromatics. 
analgecist (an-al'je-sist). One who administers an 
anesthetic. 
analgen (an-al'jen) [Gr. dp neg. 4- aXyos pain], 
A white, crystalline, antipyretic, and analgesic 
substance, ortho-ethoxymonobenzoyl aminoquin- 
olin, C9H5(OC2H6).NH(COC6H6)N, insoluble in 
water, but fairly soluble in hot alcohol and dilute 
acids. It is used in rheumatism and neuralgia. 
Dose, 7-15 gr. (0.46-1 gm.). Called also quinalgen, 
benzanalgen, and labordin. 
analgesia (an-al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. dp neg. 4- aXyos 
pain]. Absence of sensibility to pain. a. al'- 
gera, a. doloro'sa, acute pain in a part, with 
loss of sensibility, paretic a., loss of the sense of 
pain accompanied by partial paralysis. 
analgesic (an-al-je'zik). 1. Relieving pain. 2. 
Not sensitive as to pain. 3. A remedy for pain. 
analgesin (an-al-je'sin). See antipyrin. 
analgia (an-al'je-ah) [Gr. dp neg. 4- aXyos pain]. 
Absence of pain. 
analgic (an-al'jik). Insensible to pain. 
analgin (an-al'jin). Same as creolin. 
anallergic (an-al-er'jik). Not allergic; not causing 
anaphylaxis. 
analogous (an-al'og-us). Having an analogy; 
corresponding in certain particulars. 
analogue (an'al-og) [Gr. dpdXoyos proportionate]. 
A part or organ having the same function as 
another, but of a different structure. See homo- 
logue. homologous a., a part that is similar to 
another in both function and structure. 
analogy (an-al'o-je). Resemblance in structure due 
to similarity of function. 
analysis (an-al'is-is) [Gr. dra apart 4- \vetv to 
loosen]. Separation into component parts or 
elements; the act of determining. the compo- 
nent parts of a substance, colorimetric a., 
analysis by means of the various color-tests, 
densimetric a., analysis by ascertaining the 
specific gravity of a solution and estimating the 
amount of matter dissolved, gasometric a., 
the measurement of the different components of 
a gaseous mixture, gravimetric a., the quanti- 
tative analysis of a body by weight, organic 
a., the analysis of animal and vegetable tissues, 
polariscopic a., analysis by means of the polar- 
iscope. proximate a., the determination of 
the simpler constituents of a substance, quali- 
tative a., qualitive a., the determination of 
the nature of the constituents of a compound, 
quantitative a., quantitive a., the deter- 
mination of the proportionate quantities of the 
constituents of a compound. spectroscopic 
a., spectrum a., analysis by means of the spec- 
troscope. ultimate a., the determination of the 
ultimate elements of a compound, volumetric 
a., quantitative analysis by measuring volumes of 
liquids. 
analysor (an'al-i-zor). Pawlow's name for a spe- 
cialized part of the nervous system which controls 
the reactions of the organism to changing external 
conditions. 
analytic (an-al-it'ik). Pertaining to analysis. 
analyzer (an'al-i-zer). A Nicol prism attached 
to a polarizing apparatus which extinguishes the 
ray of light polarized by the polarizer. 
Aname (an'am-e). A genus of poisonous spiders, 
known as the " bird spiders." 
anamirtin (an-ah-mer'tin). An oily glycerid, 
C10H2401o, from Cocculus indicus. 
anamnesis (an-am-ne'sis) [Gr. dpdppriaLS a recall- 
ing], i. The faculty of memory. 2. The past 
history of any particular case of disease. It in- 
cludes the information obtained concerning the 
patient, his family, his previous environment, ex- 
periences, and sensations. 
anamnestic (an-am-nes'tik). Pertaining to anam- 
nesis. 
anapmiotic (an-am-ne-ot'ik) [Gr. dp neg. 4- dpp'iop 
amnion]. Having no amnion. 
anamorphosis (an"ah-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. avd up 4- 
popp-q form]. An ascending progression or change 
of form in the evolution of a group of animals or 
plants. 
ananabasia (an-an-ab-a'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
dvdffaais ascent]. Inability to ascend high places. 
ananaphylaxis (an-an"af-il-aks'is). Antianaphyl- 
axis. 
ananastasia (an-an-as-ta'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
dpaaraais standing up). Inability to stand up 
or to rise from a sitting posture. 
anandria (an-an'dre-ah) [Gr. ar neg. + dp-qp man]. 
The loss of male and assumption of female char- 
acters by men. 
anangioplasia (an-an"je-o-pla'se-ah) [Gr. dp neg. 
4* dyyelop vessel + TrXaaa'ai' to form]. Congenital 
diminution of the caliber of the arteries. 
anangioplastic (an-an"je-o-plas'tik). Due to or ANAPEIRATIC 
73 
ANASTATIC 
marked by defective development of the vascular 
system. 
anapeiratic (an-ah-pi-rat'ik) [Gr. avairecpaadac to 
do again]. Due to excessive use. 
anapepsia (an-ap-ep'se-ah). Complete absence of 
pepsin from the stomach secretion. 
anaphalantiasis (an-af-al-an-ti'as-is) [Gr.]. An 
old term for lack of eyelashes (Gonaeus). 
anaphase (an'af-az) [Gr. ava up 4" <paacs phase]. 
That stage in mitosis in which the halves of 
the divided chromosomes move apart toward the 
poles of the spindle to form the diaster. See 
mitosis. 
anaphia (an-a'fe-ah) [Gr. av neg. 4- a<pq touch]. 
Lack or loss of the sense of touch. 
anaphoresis (an-af-or-e'sis). Diminution in the 
activity of the sweat-glands. 
anaphoria (an-af-o're-ah) [Gr. ava up 4- <pepecv to 
bear]. Tendency of the eyes to turn upward; 
an upward tendency of the visual axes. 
anaphrodisia (an"af-ro-diz'e-ah) [Gr. av priv. 4- 
'Acppobcrq Venus]. Absence or loss of sexual 
desire. 
anaphrodisiac (an"af-ro-diz'e-ak). 1. Repressing 
sexual desire. 2. A drug or medicine that allays 
sexual desire. 
anaphylactia (an-af-il-ak'she-ah). The condition 
produced as a result of anaphylaxis; any anaphy- 
lactic disease. 
anaphylactic (an-af-il-ak'tik). Decreasing im- 
munity instead of increasing it; pertaining to ana- 
phylaxis; possessing anaphylaxis. 
anaphy lactin (an-af-il-ak'tin). A substance 
thought to be present in the blood of animals that 
have been given a dose of foreign protein, which 
causes a heightened power of cellular assimilation 
for the toxin, and which, when transferred to an- 
other animal, causes passive sensitization. Called 
also allergin and sensibilisin. 
anaphylactogen (an"af-il-ak'to-jen). A sub- 
stance capable of causing anaphylaxis; a substance 
capable of acting as an antigen in an anaphylactic 
reaction. 
anaphylactogenesis (an-af-il-ak-to-jen'es-is). The 
production of anaphylaxis. 
anaphylactogenic (an"af-il-ak-to-jen'ik). Pro- 
ducing anaphylaxis. 
anaphylacto toxin (an-af-il-ak-to-tok'sin). Same 
as anaphylatoxin. 
anaphylatoxin (an-af-il-ah-toks'in). The poison- 
ous substance in anaphylaxis, formed by union 
between the reaction body developed from the 
protein first introduced and the protein of the 
second injection (Friedberger). 
anaphylatoxis (an-af-i-lat-ok'sis). The reaction 
produced by an anaphylatoxin. 
anaphylaxin (an-af-il-aks'in). Same as anaphy- 
lactin- 
anaphylaxis (an-af-il-aks'is) [Gr. ava against 4- 
^>uXa£i$ protection]. The state of unusual or ex- 
aggerated susceptibility to a foreign protein which 
sometimes follows a primary injection of such pro- 
tein (Richet, 1893). Called also Theobald Smith 
phenomenon, hypersusceptibility, and protein sensiti- 
zation. active a., the anaphylactic state pro- 
duced in an animal by the injection of a foreign 
protein; distinguished from passive a. antiserum 
a., passive anaphylaxis, chronic a., Richet's 
term for enteritis anaphylactica. heterologous 
a., a passive anaphylaxis induced by the trans- 
ference of serum from an animal of a different 
species, homologous a., a passive anaphylaxis 
induced by the transference of serum from an 
animal of the same species, passive a., anaphyl- 
axis occurring in a normal individual as a result of 
the injection of the serum of a previously sensitized 
individual. 
anaphy lodiagno sis (an-af-i"lo-di-ag-no'sis). Di- 
agnosis of disease by means of anaphylactic reac- 
tions. f 
anaphylotoxin (an-af-il-o-toks'in). Anaphyla- 
toxin. 
anaplasia (an-ap-la'se-ah) [Gr. a^d backward 4- 
TrXdcraeij' to form]. Reversion of cells to a more 
primitive and undifferentiated form; a change in a 
cell by which it becomes incapable of attaining im- 
perfect structure and function. Called also re- 
versionary atrophy and undiferentiation. 
Anaplasma (an-ap-laz'mah). A genus of sporozoan 
organisms, consisting of a tiny dot of chromatin- 
like material in erythrocytes. A. centra'le, a 
form occurring near the center of an erythrocyte. A. 
margina'le, found near the periphery of the red 
blood-corpuscles of cattle in galziekte, and is be- 
lieved to be the causative agent in that disease. 
It is transmitted through the bite of the tick, 
Bodphilus decoloratus. 
anaplasmosis (an-ap-laz-mo'sis). The condition 
of being infected with Anaplasma. See galziekte. 
anaplastia (an-ah-plas'te-ah). Anaplasia. 
anaplastic (an-ap-las'tik) [Gr. ava again + TrXaa- 
aeiv to form], i. Restoring a Jost or absent part. 
2. Characterized by anaplasia or imperfect develop- 
ment: said of cells. 
anaplasty (an'ap-las-te) [Gr. ava again 4- TrXdaaeip 
to form]. Restorative or plastic surgery. 
anaplerosis (an-ap-le-ro'sis). The repair or re- 
placement of lost or defective parts. 
anapnograph (an-ap'no-graf) [Gr. avairvoq res- 
piration + 7pd<p€tj' to record]. A device which 
registers the speed and pressure of the respired 
air-current. 
anapnoic (an-ap-no'ik). i. [Gr. ava. against 4- 
airvoca breathlessness.] Relieving dyspnea. 2. [Gr. 
avairvoq respiration.] Pertaining to the respiration. 
anapnometer (an-ap-nom'et-er) [Gr. avairvo-q res- 
piration + p'erpov measure]. A spirometer. 
anapophysis (an-ap-of'is-is) [Gr. ava back -|- 
&.irb<pvais offshoot]. An accessory vertebral proc- 
ess; especially an accessory process of a dorsal 
or lumbar vertebra. 
anaptic (an-ap'tik) [Gr. a neg. 4- a<pq touch]. 
Marked by anaphia: loss of the sense of touch. 
anarcotin (ah-nar'ko-tin) [Gr. a neg. + vapnq 
stupor]. Narcotin: so called because it is not 
truly narcotic: said to be a useful antiperiodic. 
anarithmia (an-ar-ith'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
izpcOpos number]. Inability to count, due to a 
central lesion. 
anarthria (an-aFthre-ah) [Gr. av neg. + apOpov 
articulation]. Inability to utter words distinctly, 
a. litera'lls, stuttering. 
anasarca (an-ah-sar'kah) [Gr. ava. throughout 4- 
aapl; flesh]. An accumulation of serum in the 
cellular tissues of the body; general dropsy. 
anasarcin (an-as-a/sin). A proprietary heart 
tonic: used in dropsy. 
anasarcous (an-ah-sar'kus). Affected with or of 
the nature of anasarca. 
anaspadia, anaspadias (an-ah-spa'de-ah, an-ah- 
spa'de-as) [Gr. ava up 4- airav to draw]. A con- 
dition in which the urethra opens upon the dorsum 
of the penis. 
anastalsis (an-as-tal'sis) [Gr. 6,va up 4- ar abacs 
contraction]. Reversed peristalsis; antiperistalsis. 
anastaltic (an-as-tal'tik) [Gr. avaarabrcKos con- 
tracting]. 1. Highly astringent; styptic. 2. A 
styptic medicine. 
anastate (an'as-tat) [Gr. &v6.araros raised up]. 
Any substance or condition characteristic of or 
resulting from an anabolic process. 
anastatic (an-as-tat'ik). Restorative; inclining to 
recovery. ANASTIGMATIC 
74 
ANCONAGRA 
anastigmatic (an-as-tig-mat'ik). Corrected for 
astigmatism. 
anastole (an-as'tol-e) [Gr. avaaroXi]}. Retraction, 
as of the lips of a wound. 
anastomat (an-as'to-mat). An apparatus for 
securing an anastomosis between a remnant of the 
sigmoid and the lower end of the rectum. 
anastomose (an-as'to-moz). To communicate with 
one another, as arteries and veins. 
anastomosis (an-as-to-mo'sis) [Gr. avaarbp.M<ns, 
from ai'aaroMoeip to furnish with a mouth]. I. 
A communication between two vessels. 2. The 
surgical or pathologic formation of a passage 
between any two normally distinct spaces or 
organs. antiperistaltic a., enterostomy in 
which the two parts are so joined that the peris- 
taltic wave in each part is in opposite directions, 
arteriovenous a., anastomosis between an 
artery and a vein, crucial a., an arterial 
anastomosis in the proximal part of the thigh, 
formed by the anastomotic branch of the sciatic, 
the internal circumflex, the first perforating, and 
the transverse portion of the external circumflex. 
Galen's a., the anastomosis between the superior 
and inferior laryngeal nerves, heterocladic a., 
an anastomosis between branches of different 
arteries, homocladic a., an anastomosis be- 
tween branches of the same artery. Hyrtl's a. 
See Hyrtl's loop, under loop, intestinal a., the 
establishment of a communication between two 
portions of the intestines, isoperistaltic a., 
intestinal anastomosis in which the two parts, are 
so joined that the peristaltic wave in each part is in 
the same direction. Jacobson's a., the anasto- 
mosing part of the tympanic plexus, precapil- 
lary a., anastomosis between small arteries just 
before they become capillaries. SchmideTs a's, 
abnormal communications between the vena cava 
and the portal system, terminoterminal a., 
anastomosis between the peripheral end of an artery 
and the central end of the corresponding vein, and 
between the central end of the artery and the 
terminal end of the vein, ureterotubal a., 
an anastomosis between the ureter and the fallopian 
tube. 
anastomotic (an-as-to-mot'ik). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of an anastomosis. 
anastomotica magna (an-as-to-mot'ik-ah mag'- 
nah). 1. A branch of the femoral artery supplying 
the knee-joint. 2. A branch of the brachial 
artery to the elbow. 
anat. Abbreviation for anatomy or anatomic. 
anatherapeusis (an"ah-ther-ap-u'sis) [Gr. avb. 
upward + therapeusis]. Treatment by increasing 
doses. 
anatomic, anatomical (an-at-om'ik, an-at-om'- 
ik-al). Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure 
of the organism. 
anatomicopathologic (an"at-om"ik-o-path-o- 
loj'ik). Pertaining to pathologic anatomy. 
anatomicophy sio logic (an-at-om"ik-o-fiz-e-o- 
loj'ik). Pertaining to anatomy and physiology. 
anatomy (an-at'o-me) [Gr. ava apart + repvecv to 
cut], 1. The science of the structure of organ- 
ized bodies. 2. Dissection of an organized body, 
applied a., anatomy as applied to diagnosis 
and treatment, artificial a., the study of 
artificial dissection made in wax. compara- 
tive a., a comparative view of the structure of 
different animals and plants one with another, 
corrosion a., anatomy by means of corrosive 
agents that remove the tissues which it is not 
intended to observe, dental a., the study of the 
structure of the teeth and their correlated parts. 
' descriptive a., the study or description of in- 
dividual parts of the body, general a., the 
study of the structure and composition of the 
body, and its tissues and fluids in general, gross 
a., that which deals with structures that can be 
distinguished with the naked eye. histologic 
a., histology, homologic a., the study of tie 
correlated parts of the body, macroscopic 
a. Same as gross a. medical a., anatomy 
concerned with the study of points connected 
with the diagnosis and situation of internal dis- 
eases. microscopic a., minute a., that 
which is studied with the microscope, mor- 
bid a., pathologic a., the anatomy of diseased 
tissues, physiognomonic a., the study of the 
external expression of the body surface, espe- 
cially of the face, physiologic a., the study 
of the organs with respect to their normal func- 
tions. plastic a., the study of anatomy by the 
aid of models and manikins that can be taken 
apart, practical a., anatomy studied.by means 
of demonstration and dissection, regional a., 
the study of limited portions or regions of the 
body, special a., the study of particular organs 
or parts, surface a., the study of the form and 
markings of the surface of the body, surgical 
a., the study of limited portions or regions of the 
body, with a view to the diagnosis of surgical dis- 
eases. systematic a., descriptive a. topo- 
graphic a., the study of parts in their relation to 
surrounding parts, transcendental a., the 
study of the general design and morphology of the 
body and the analogies and homologies of its parts. 
anatoxic (an-at-oks'ik). Anaphylactic. 
anatricrotic (an"at-rik-rot'ik) [Gr. ava up + rpels 
three + Kpbros stroke]. Causing or characterized 
by three indentations on the ascending curve of the 
sphygmogram. 
anatricrotism (an-at-rik'rot-izm). That quality 
of the pulse which produces an anatricrotic sphyg- 
mogram. 
anatripsis (an-at-rip'sis) [Gr. "rubbing"]. Thera- 
peutic rubbing or friction. 
anatriptic (an-at-rip'tik) [Gr. avarpLirros rubbed 
up]. A medicine applied by rubbing. 
anatrophic (an-at-rof'ik). 1. Correcting or pre- 
venting atrophy. 2. A remedy that prevents 
waste of the tissues. 
anatropia (an-at-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. ava. up + rpiireiv 
to turn]. Same as anaphoria. 
anatropic (an-at-rop'ik). Descending into the ab- 
dominal or other cavity. 
anaxon, anaxone (an-ak'son) [Gr. av neg. + a^cov 
axis], A neuron, or nerve-cell, which appears 
to be devoid of axis-cylinder processes. 
anazoturia (an-az-o-tu're-ah) [Gr. av neg. + 
azote + Gr. ovpov urine]. Absence or deficiency in 
the secretion of nitrates, and especially of urea in 
the urine. 
anazyme (an'az-im) [Gr. ava^vpbttv to leaven]. 
An iodoform substitute, said to be a combination 
of phenol and boric acid. 
AnCC. Abbreviation for anodal closure contraction. 
anchorage (ank'or-aj). The surgical fixation of 
a displaced viscus. In dentistry, the points of 
fixation of fillings or of artificial crowns or bridges. 
Anchusa (an-ku'zah) [L.; Gr. ayxovaa alkanet]. 
The genus of plants to which alkanet (q. v.) be- 
longs. 
anchusin (an-ku'sin). A red coloring-matter, 
C3.5H.0O3, from alkanet root. 
anchylo-. See under ankylo-. 
ancipital (an-sip'it-al) [L. an'ceps two-headed]. 
Having two heads or two edges. 
Ancistrodon (an-sis'tro-don) [Gr. ayKos hook + 
bbovs tooth]. A genus of poisonous serpents of 
the family Crotalidae. A. contor'trix is the copper- 
head, and A. piscitforus, the water-moccasin, of 
North America. 
ancistroid (an-sis'troid) [Gr. aymaTpov a fish- 
hook + elbos form]. Hook shaped. 
anconad (an'kon-ad) [Gr. dyxwi' elbow -f- L. ad 
toward]. Toward the elbow or olecranon. 
anconagra (an-kon-ag'rah, an-kon'ag-rah) [Gr. 
byniov elbow + ay pa seizure]. Gout of the elbow. ANCONAL 
75 
ANEMIA 
anconal, anconeal (an'kon-al, an-ko'ne-al). Per- 
taining to the elbow. 
anconeus (an-ko'ne-us). See muscles, table of. 
anconitis (an-ko-ni'tis). Inflammation of the 
elbow-joint. 
ancylo-. See under ankylo-. 
ancyroid (an'sir-oid) [Gr. ayKvpa anchor + ethos 
form]. Shaped like an anchor or hook. 
Anda (an'dah) [Brazilian], A genus of euphor- 
biaceous trees. A. as'su and A. gome'sii, of Brazil, 
afford purgative oils: used like castor oil. Dose, 
2-3 dr. (8-12 c.c.). 
Andernach's ossicles (ahn'der-nahks) [Johann 
Winther v. Andernach, German physician, 1478- 
1574). The wormian bones. 
Anders' disease (an'ders) [JamesM. Anders, Phila- 
delphia physician]. Adiposis tuberosa simplex. 
Andersch's ganglion (an'dersh-ez) [Carl Samuel 
Ander sch, German anatomist, died 1777]. See 
ganglion. 
Anderson's pills (an'der-sonz) [Patrick Anderson, 
Scotch physician of the 17th century]. See under 
pill. 
Andira (an-di'rah). A genus of tropical legumin- 
ous trees. Goa powder (q. v.) and chrysarobin 
(q. v.) are derived from A. araro'ba, of Brazil. 
Many of the species afford active poisons, and 
several are anthelmintic. 
andolin (an'do-lin). A local anesthetic said to 
contain beta-eucain and stovain with suprarenalin 
hydrochlorid. 
Andral's decubitus (an-dralz') [Gabriel Andral, 
French physician, 1797-1876]. See under decu- 
bitus. 
androcyte (an'dro-slt) [Gr. avqp man + kvtos 
cell]. Same as spermatid. 
androgalactozemia (an"dro-gal-ak-to-ze'me-ah) 
[Gr. avqp man + yaXa milk + fqpta loss]. The 
secretion or escape of milk from the male breast. 
androgenous (an-droj'en-us) [Gr. avqp man + 
yevvav to beget]. Pertaining or tending to the 
production of male rather than female offspring. 
androgone (an'dro-gon) [Gr. avqp man + yovq 
seed]. A spermatogenous cell. 
androgyne (an'dro-jln). Androgynous. 
androgyneity, androgyny (an-dro-jin-e'it-e, an- 
droj'en-e). Hermaphroditism; also, effeminacy. 
androgynism (an-droj'in-izm). Hermaphroditism 
in the female. 
androgynoid (an-droj'in-oid). A male hermaphro- 
dite with woman-like appearance. 
androgynous (an-droj'in-us). Of double or doubt- 
ful sex; hermaphrodite. 
androgynus (an-droj'en-us) [Gr. av-qp man + 
yvvq woman], A hermaphrodite: also an effem- 
inate man. 
andrology (an-drol'o-je) [Gr. av-qp man -f- X6yos 
discourse]. Scientific study of the masculine con- 
stitution and of the diseases of the male sex. 
Andromachus (an-drom'ak-us). A physician of 
Crete who became body physician to the Emperor 
Nero. He invented a famous medical compound 
called "Theriacum Andromachi." 
andromania (an-dro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. av-qp man -f- 
pavta madness]. Nymphomania. 
Andromeda (an-drom'e-dah) [L.]. A genus of 
ericaceous shrubs and trees, some of which afford 
a poisonous narcotic principle. A. maria'na, 
A. nit'ida, and A. polifo'lia are among the poison- 
ous species. 
andromedotoxin (an-drom"ed-o-tok'sin) [Andro- 
meda -J- toxin]. A poisonous crystalline princi- 
ple from various ericaceous plants: it inhibits the 
respiratory centers and is hypnotic. 
androphobia (an-dro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. av-qp man + 
<pb^os dread]. Morbid dislike of the male sex. 
androphonomania (an"dro-fo-no-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. 
av8po<p6vos man-killing + pavia madness]. Homi- 
cidal insanity. 
AnDTe. Abbreviation for anodal duration tet- 
anus. 
anectasin (an-ek'tas-in) [Gr. av neg. + Iktoxhs dis- 
tention]. A substance produced by bacteria, 
having an effect on the vasomotor nerves opposite 
to that of ectasin. 
anedemin (an-e-de'min). A proprietary dropsy 
remedy containing apocynum, strophanthus, 
squill, and sambucus. 
anelectrode (an-el-ek'trod) [Gr. ava. up + elec- 
trode]. The positive pole of a galvanic battery. 
anelectrotonic (an"e-lek-tro-ton'ik). Pertaining 
to anelectrotonus. 
anelectrotonus (an"el-ek-trot'o-nus) [Gr. ava up 
+ electrotonus]. Lessened irritability of a nerve 
in the region of the positive pole or anode during 
the passage of an electric current. 
Anel's operation, probe, etc. [Dominique Anel, 
French surgeon, 1679-1730], See operation, probe, 
etc. 
anematosis, anaematosis (an-em-at-o'sis). Gen- 
eral anemia. 
anemia, anaemia (an-e'me-ah) [Gr. av neg. + atpa 
blood]. A condition in which the blood is deficient 
either in quantity (oligemia) or in quality. The 
deficiency in quality may consist in diminution of 
the amount of hemoglobin (oligochromemia) or 
in diminution of the number of red blood-cor- 
puscles (oligocythemia). It may be local, or due 
to mechanic interference with the blood-supply, 
as by compression of a vessel, embolism, spasm, 
etc.; or general. In the latter case the deficiency 
of quantity or quality is due to imperfect nutrition, 
wasting disease, or direct loss of blood. Anemia 
is marked by paleness of the skin and mucous 
membranes, loss of energy, palpitation of the heart, 
systolic murmurs, and other general symptoms. 
Addison's a., Addison-Biermer a., pernicious 
anemia, aplastic a., anemia in which the ordi- 
nary regenerative changes in the circulating blood 
do not take place, aplastic a., acute, a fatal 
form of anemia due to degeneration of the bone- 
marrow and failure of blood formation, are- 
generative a. Same as aplastic a. arte- 
rial a., relative depletion of the arteries due to 
dilatation of the veins, atrophic a., anemia 
dependent on atrophy of the bone-marrow. 
Biermer's a., Biermer-Ehrlich a., pernicious 
anemia, bothriocephalus a., anemia caused by 
the Bothriocephalus latus. cerebral a. 1. De- 
ficient blood-supply to the brain. 2. A disease of 
heavy milking cows of middle age, occurring at the 
time of parturition, and marked by paralysis and 
subnormal temperature. Called also milk fever. 
chlorotic a. See chloranemia, costogenic a., 
anemia due to disorder of the bone-marrow of the 
ribs, cytogenic a., essential a. See progres- 
sive pernicious a. familial splenic a. See Gau- 
cher' s disease, under disease, fecal a., anemia from 
autointoxication due to intestinal inactivity, gen- 
eral a., that which affects the whole of the blood 
and the entire organism. See anemia, globular 
a., anemia from deficiency of red blood-corpuscles, 
ground-itch a., hookworm disease, hemo- 
lytic a., anemia dependent on injury to the 
blood while in the circulation, hemorrhagic 
a., that which is due to loss of blood, hypo- 
plastic a., anemia due to incapacity of the blood- 
forming organs, idiopathic a., that which is due 
to disease of the blood-making organs. See per- 
nicious a. a. infan tum pseudoleukse'mica, 
a form of anemia in children resembling leukemia, 
and marked by enlargement of the spleen, leuko- 
cytosis, and alterations in the blood-cells. Called 
also von Jaksch's anemia or disease, infectious 
a. of horses. See swamp fever, under fever. 
intertropical a. See ankylostomiasis. Leish- 
man's a., kala-azar. local a. See anemia. ANEMIC 
76 
ANESTHESIA 
a. lymphat'ica. Same as pseudoleukemia. 
malignant a. Same as progressive pernicious a. 
megaloblastic a., anemia marked by the pres- 
ence of megaloblasts in the blood, metaplastic 
a., pernicious anemia marked by change in the 
plastic elements of the blood, miner's a., 
ankylostomiasis. Momburg's a. See Mom- 
burg's belt, under belt, myelopathic a., anemia 
due to destruction of the erythroblastic tissue of 
the bone-marrow, myelophthisic a. Same as 
atrophic a. pernicious a., a chronic disease, 
without discoverable cause, marked by progressive 
diminution of the red corpuscles of the blood, with 
the usual symptoms of anemia, and often with 
emaciation, fever, and hemorrhage into the retina. 
It is believed to be due to destruction of the red 
corpuscles, and is generally speedily fatal. Called 
also Addison's a., Biermer's a., Addison-Biermer 
a., essential a., and idiopathic a. phenylhy- 
drazin a., a blood state resembling that of per- 
nicious anemia caused in animals by the injection 
of phenylhydrazin. polar a., an anemic condition 
which affects those who winter in the polar re- 
gions. Porto Rican a., an extreme form of ane- 
mia caused by uncinariasis, primary a. Same as 
idiopathic a.' progressive pernicious a. See 
pernicious a. a. pseudoleukse'mica infan - 
tum. See a. infantum pseudoleukcemica. retinal 
a., a condition in which the caliber of the retinal 
arteries is diminished. Runeberg's a., progres- 
sive pernicious anemia with temporary periods of 
improvement, secondary a., that which is due 
to hemorrhage, cancer, or some other antecedent 
disease or injury, sequestration a., a local 
anemia produced by withdrawing temporarily 
some of the blood from the part by sequestering 
it to the other limbs by cordage, slaty a., a 
grayish color of the face in poisoning by acetanilid 
or silver, spastic a., a local anemia from spasm 
of blood-vessels, spinal a., deficiency in the 
supply of blood to the spinal cord, splenic a., a. 
splenet'ica, a disease marked by splenic enlarge- 
ment and anemia without involvement of the 
lymphatic glands, symptomatic a. Same as 
secondary a. toxic a., anemia due to destruction 
of the blood-cells by poisons or disease toxins, 
traumatic a., that which is due to loss of blood 
from an injury or wound, trophoneurotic a., 
anemia brought about by nervous shock, tropi- 
cal a., anemia affecting persons visiting the tropics 
and who have not become acclimatized, tunnel 
a. See ankylostomiasis, von Jaksch's a., per- 
nicious anemia. 
anemic (an-em'ik). Affected with or pertaining to 
anemia. 
Anemone (an-em'o-ne) [L. anemo'ne; Gr. aprjp- 
uwq]. A genus of plants. See pulsatilla. 
anemonin (an-em'on-in). The active principle of 
Anem'one pulsatil'la, a colorless crystalline sub- 
stance, C10H8O4, or pulsatilla camphor. It is used 
as an antispasmodic and sedative in asthma, 
bronchitis, whooping-cough, etc., and as an ano- 
dyne in dysmenorrhea, epididymitis, etc. Dose, 
W gr. (0.02-0.05 gm.). 
anemonism (an-em'on-izm). Poisoning by the 
plants of the genus Anemone. 
anemonol (an-em'on-ol). An exceedingly poison- 
ous volatile oil from various species of Anemone 
and from other ranunculaceous plants. 
anemopathy (an-em-op'ath-e) [Gr. avepos wind 4- 
tcolOos affection]. The treatment of disease by 
inhalation. 
anemophilous (an-em-of'il-us) [Gr. &vepos wind 4- 
tpiXeiv to love]. Pollenated by the wind: said of 
certain flowers. 
anemophobia (an"em-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. avepos wind 
4- <p60os fear]. Morbid fear of wind or of drafts. 
anemotaxis (an-em-o-tak'sis) [Gr. avepos wind 4- 
arrangement]. Adjustment with reference 
to the wind. 
anemotrophy (an-em-ot'rof-e) [Gr. av priv. 4- 
alpa blood 4* Tpo<^ nourishment]. Deficiency of 
blood nourishment. 
anemotropism (an-cm-ot'ro-pism) [Gr. a^epos 
wind + Tpoirt] a turn], A turning toward or away 
from the wind. 
anempeiria (an-em-pi're-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
epa-eipta experience]. Loss of acquired capacities; 
inability to apply what has been learned, e. g., 
speech or writing (Heveroch, 1914). 
anencephalia, anencephaly (an"en-sef-a'le-ah, 
an-en-sef'al-e) [Gr. an priv. + lyKetpaXos brain]. 
Absence of the brain. 
anencephalic (an"en-sef-al'ik). Characterized by 
anencephalia; having no brain. 
anencephalohemia (an"en-sef-al-o-he'me-ah) 
[Gr. av neg. + eyKe<pa\os brain 4- alpa blood]. 
An insufficient supply of blood to the brain. 
anencephalous (an-en-sef'al-us). Having no brain, 
anencephalus (an-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. au priv. 4- 
eyKe<paXos brain]. A monster-fetus without a 
brain. 
aneosinophilia (an-e-o-sin-o-fil'e-ah). Absence of 
eosinophil cells from the blood. 
anepia (an-e'pe-ah) [Gr. dp priv. 4- ea-os word]. 
Inability to speak. 
anepiploic (an-ep-e-plo'ik). Devoid of omentum, 
anerethisia (an-er-e-this'e-ah) [Gr. dr neg. 4- epe- 
to excite]. Deficient irritability. 
anergasia (an-er-ga'ze-ah) [Gr. dp neg. 4- epyaala 
work]. Lack of functional activity. 
anergic (an-er'jik) [Gr. dp neg. 4- epyov work]. 
Characterized by abnormal inactivity; inactive. 
anergy (an'er-je). Same as antianaphylaxis. 
aneroid (an'er-oid) [Gr. dp neg. 4- vrjpbs wet 4- 
eidos form]. See under barometer. 
anerythrocyte (an-er'ith-ro-sit) [Gr. dp neg. 4- 
erythrocyte\. A red blood-corpuscle having no 
hemoglobin; called also lympho-erythrocyte. 
anerythroplasia (an-er"ith-ro-pla'se-ah) [Gr. dp 
neg. 4* ipvOpos red 4~ irXaaaeiv to form]. Ab- 
sence of red blood-corpuscle formation. 
anerythroplastic (an-er"ith-ro-plas'tik). Marked 
by absence of red blood-corpuscle formation. 
anerythropsia (an-er-ith-rop'se-ah) [Gr. dp neg. 
4* epvOpbs red 4- o^is sight]. Impaired percep- 
tion of red tints. 
anerythroregenerative (an-er"ith-ro-re-jen'er-a- 
tiv). Marked by the absence of regeneration of 
red blood-corpuscles. 
anesin (an'es-in) [Gr. aveats relaxation]. Same as 
Chloretone. 
aneson (an'es-on). Same as chloretone. 
anesthecinesia (an-es"the-sin-e'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
4- aiafhiats sensation 4- kIvijois movement). 
Loss of sensibility and motor power. 
anesthekinesia (an-es"the-kin-e'ze-ah). Anesthe- 
cinesia. 
anesthesia, anaesthesia (an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. dp 
neg. 4- aiaOrjais sensation]. Loss of feeling or sen- 
sation, especially loss of tactile sensibility, though 
the term is used for loss of any of the other senses, 
angiospastic a., loss of sensibility dependent on 
spasm of the blood-vessels. Arnott's a., local 
anesthesia produced by a freezing mixture of ice 
and salt. Bier's local a., local anesthesia pro- 
duced by the injection of a 0.5 per cent, solution 
in the veins of a limb that has been rendered 
bloodless by elevation and constriction. Called 
also vein anesthesia, block a. See regional a. 
and block, bulbar a., central anesthesia due to 
a lesion of the pons, caudal a., anesthesia pro- 
duced by injecting the anesthetic into the caudal or 
sacral canal, central a., anesthesia depend- 
ent on disease of nerve-centers, cerebral a., 
that which arises from a cerebral lesion, colonic 
a., anesthesia induced by injecting the anesthetic 
agent into the colon. Cf. Gwathmey's a. con- ANESTHESIA 
77 
ANESTHETIC 
duction a. See regional a. Corning's a. 
1. Local anesthesia by the injection of a weak, 
cocain solution, first intracutaneously, then sub- 
cutaneously, and finally into the deeper tissues, the 
injection being followed by the application of an 
Esmarch bandage proximally to the site of injec- 
tion. 2. Spinal anesthesia, crossed a., that 
which occurs on one side of the body, and is due to 
a lesion of the other side, dissociated a., 
dissociation a., anesthesia for pain and tem- 
perature while the tactile sense persists, doll's 
head a., central anesthesia affecting the head, 
neck, and upper part of the thorax, a. doloro'sa, 
tactile anesthesia with pain in the part; severe 
pain after the occurrence of paralysis: the condition 
is seen in certain diseases of the spinal cord. 
Drain-Dumenil a., anesthesia produced by in- 
troducing into each nostril two cotton tampons 
about 3 or 4 cm. long, which are impregnated 
with ethyl chlorid for about 1 cm. electric 
a., temporary anesthesia induced by the pas- 
sage of an electric current, endoneural a., re- 
gional anesthesia produced by injecting an anes- 
thetic beneath the epineurium of the sensory nerve 
trunk of the operative field, facial a., insen- 
sibility of the parts supplied by the facial nerve, 
gantlet a., anesthesia in the hand from the 
wrist to the finger-tips, general a., that which 
affects the whole body, girdle a., a ring of 
anesthesia surrounding the body, gustatory a., 
loss or lack of the sense of taste. Gwathmey's 
Oil-ether a., anesthesia produced by the intro- 
duction into the rectum of liquid ether with olive 
oil dissolved in it. hysterical a., bodily anes- 
thesia occurring in hysteria, infiltration a., 
local anesthesia produced by injecting solutions, 
such as cocain, morphin, eucain, salt solution, etc., 
under the skin. infusion a., administration 
of ether by means of infusion in normal saline 
solution, insufflation a., anesthesia pro- 
duced by insufflating a mixture of ether and com- 
pressed air into the trachea through a slender 
tube, intranasal a., anesthesia for tooth ex- 
traction by the insertion into the nasal fossae of 
pledgets soaked in cocain solution, intraneural 
a., neural anesthesia in which the anesthetic is in- 
jected into the nerve. Javanese a., anesthesia 
produced by pressure upon the carotids. Jonnes- 
co's spinal a., anesthesia by injections of one of 
the cocain substitutes into the spinal arachnoid 
space, strychnin being added to the anesthetic. The 
puncture is made in the dorsolumbar region for 
•operations on the abdomen or lower extremities, and 
between the first and second dorsal vertebrae for 
operations in the upper portions of the body. 
Kulenkampfi's plexus a., local anesthesia of 
the upper extremity produced by injecting cocain 
or novocain into the brachial plexus, local 
a., that which is confined to one limited part of 
the surface, medullary a. Same as spinal a. (2). 
Meltzer's a., anesthesia by means of intratra- 
cheal insufflation. See insufflation, mental a., 
inability on the part of a person to recognize or 
identify sensory stimulations, mixed a., that 
which is produced by the use of more than one 
anesthetic agent, morphin-scopolamin a., 
general anesthesia produced by subcutaneous in- 
jections of 0.01 gm. of morphin and 0.0012 gm. 
of scopolamin hydrobromate, muscular a., 
lack or loss of the muscular sense, neural a., 
anesthesia of a part produced by injecting an anes- 
thetic into or about the nerve that supplies the 
part at a distance from the area to be anesthetized: 
called also regional a. oil-ether a. See Gwath- 
mey's a. olfactory a., abrogation of the 
sense of smell, paraneural a., neural anes- 
thesia in which the anesthetic is injected around 
the nerve, parasacral a., regional anesthesia 
produced by injecting the sacral nerves as they 
emerge from the sacral foramina, paravertebral 
a., regional anesthesia secured by anesthetizing 
the spinal nerves at their exit from the spine, 
partial a., anesthesia with retention of sen- 
sibility in some degree. perineural a., re- 
gional anesthesia produced by injections in close 
proximity to the nerve, peripheral a., that 
which is due to changes in the peripheral 
nerves, plexus a. See Kulenkampff's plexus a. 
pressure a., anesthesia produced by forcing 
the anesthetic into a tissue by pressure, pri- 
mary a., a temporary anesthesia experienced 
in the early stages of the production of general 
anesthesia, pulmonary a., anesthesia by in- 
halation. rectal a., local anesthesia induced by 
placing an anesthetic agent in the rectum. re- 
gional a., the production of insensibility of a 
part by interrupting the sensory nerve conduc- 
tivity of any region of the body. It may be pro- 
duced by (i) field-block, the creation of walls 
by anesthesia encircling the operative field by 
means of injections of a local anesthetic; or (2) 
nerve-block, that is, the making of extraneural or 
paraneural injections in close proximity to the 
nerves where conductivity is to be cut off. Called 
also block a.'and conduction a. Schleich's a. 1. 
General anesthesia produced by inhaling a mixture 
of chloroform, sulphuric ether, and petroleum 
ether. 2. Same as infiltration a. segmental a., 
loss of bodily sensation affecting a segment of the 
body; due to lesion of G single nerve-root, spi- 
nal a. 1. That which is due to a spinal lesion. 
2. Anesthesia produced by injection of an an- 
esthetic, as cocain, beneath the membrane of 
the spinal cord, spraying a., local anesthesia 
produced by applying the solution in a spray, 
surgical a., that which is produced by the admin- 
istration of anesthetics, tactile a., loss or im- 
pairment of the sense of touch, thermic a., 
loss of the heat-sense, total a., loss of all sen- 
sibility in the affected part, twilight a., 
twilight sleep. See under sleep, unilateral a. 
Same as hemianesthesia, vein a. Same as Bier's 
local a. visceral a., loss of visceral sensations. 
anesthesimeter (an-es-the-sim'et-er) [Gr. ai'aia^- 
aia anesthesia + perpov measure]. 1. An instru- 
ment to measure the amount of an anesthetic 
administered. 2. An instrument for taking the 
degree of insensitiveness. 
anesthesin (an-es'the-sin). Para-amino-ethylben- 
zoate, NH2.C6H4.CO2.C2H5, a white powder, with- 
out taste or odor, soluble in alcohol and slightly in 
water. It is used as a local anesthetic like cocain 
and orthoform, and is said to be non-toxic: also 
used internally in gastralgia. Dose, internally, 5-8 
gr. (0.3-0.5 gm.). 
anesthesiology (an-es-the-ze-ol'o-je) [anesthesia + 
Gr. Xoyos treatise]. The study of anesthesia and 
anesthetics. 
anesthesiophore (an-es-the'ze-o-for) [anesthesia 
4- Gr. <pop6s bearing]. Conveying the anesthetic 
action. 
anesthetic (an-es-thet'ik). 1. Without the sense 
of touch or of pain. 2. A drug that produces 
anesthesia. Billroth's a. Same as Billroth's 
mixture, under mixture, general a., one whose ad- 
ministration affects the whole organism: the general 
anesthetics include amylene, carbon tetrachlorid, 
chloral hydrate, chloroform, ethylene chlorid, ether, 
ethidene chlorid, ethyl bromid, nitrous oxid, 
methylene dichlorid. hyoscin-morphin-cac- 
tin a., a proprietary anesthetic and hypnotic 
preparation, local a., one that anesthetizes 
only the part to which it is applied. The chief 
are cocain, phenol, eucain, holocain, cold, ether 
spray, stovain, or rhigolene spray. Schleich's 
a. 1. An anesthetic consisting of chloroform, 
sulphuric ether, and petroleum ether in such 
proportions that the mixture has a boiling-point 
about the same as the body-temperature. 2. A 
solution of cocain, morphin, and common salt: 
injected for the production of local anesthesia. 
Wilson's local a., cocain hydrochlorid, benzoin, 
boric acid, naphthol, oils of wintergreen, eucalyp- 
tus, peppermint, and thyme, spirit of nitrogly- 
cerin, absolute alcohol, and water. anesthetist (an-es'thet-ist). An expert in admin- 
istering anesthetics. 
anesthetization (an"es-thet-iz-a'shun). The pro- 
duction of insensibility to pain. 
anesthetize (an-es'thet-iz). To put under the in- 
fluence of anesthetics. 
anesthetometer (an-es-the-tom'et-er). An appa- 
ratus for measuring and mixing anesthetic vapors 
and gases. 
anesthetospasm (an-es-thet'o-spazm). Spasm 
with anesthesia. 
anesthol (an-es'thol). A general anesthetic mix- 
ture composed of chloroform, ether, and ethyl 
chlorid. 
anesthone (an-es'thon). A proprietary local anes- 
thetic, paramido-ethyl-benzoate. 
anesthyl (an-es'thil). A mixture of i part of 
methyl chlorid with 5 parts of ethyl chlorid; used 
as a local anesthetic. 
anestil (an-es'til). Anesthyl. 
anethene (an'eth-en). A hydrocarbon, C10Hifl, 
from oil of dill. 
anethol (an'eth-ol) [Gr. o.pt)0op anise]. Methyl- 
allylphenol, C3H5.C6H4.OCH3, a white, fragrant 
solid or liquid, from the oil of fennel and of anise. 
It is a pleasant carminative and an antiseptic. 
Anethum (an-e'thum) [L.; Gr. apyOop]. A genus 
of plants, including fennel and dill. The fruit 
of A. or Peuced'anum grave'olens, or dill, is car- 
minative and stimulant. See dill and fennel. 
anetiologic (an-e"te-o-loj'ik) [Gr. ap neg. 4- eti- 
ologic]. Not conforming to etiologic principles. 
anetodermia (an-e-to-der'me-ah) [Gr. aperbs 
slack 4- Seppa skin]. Atrophy of the skin; der- 
matolysis. 
aneuria (ah-nu're-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- pevpop nerve]. 
Failure or lack of nervous energy. 
aneuric (ah-nu'rik). Affected with aneuria. 
aneurilemmic (ah-nu-ril-em'ik). Marked by the 
absence of neurilemma. 
aneurysm, aneurism (an'u-rizm) [Gr. apebpvapa a 
widening]. A sac formed by the dilatation of 
the walls of an artery and filled with blood. The 
chief symptoms of aneurysm are the formation 
of a pulsating tumor, a peculiar bruit (aneurysmal 
bruit) heard over the swelling, and pressure symp- 
toms, consisting of pain and paralysis from pressure 
on nerves and absorption of contiguous parts, 
abdominal a., an aneurysm of the abdominal 
aorta, ampullary a. Same as sacculated a. 
a. by anastomosis, a. anastomot'ica, a 
dilatation of several arteries which forms a pulsat- 
ing tumor under the skin, aortic a., aneurysm 
of the aorta, arteriovenous a. (William 
Hunter, 1761), the rupture simultaneously of 
an artery and a vein in which the blood flows 
directly into a neighboring vein (aneurysmal 
varix) or else is carried into such a vein by a con- 
necting sac (varicose aneurysm), axial a., an 
aneurysm in which the entire circumference of 
the vessel is dilated, axillary a., aneurysm of 
the axillary artery. Berard's a., a varicose 
aneurysm in the tissues around a vein, bone-a., 
a pulsating vascular tumor of a bone, branch- 
ing a., a cirsoid aneurysm, cardiac a., aneu- 
rysmal dilatation of the heart, or of one of its 
chambers, cirsoid a., the dilatation and tor- 
tuous lengthening of a part of an artery, com- 
pound a., one in which some of the coats are 
ruptured and others merely dilated, consecu- 
tive a., one in which all the exterior coats are 
ruptured and the surrounding tissues are infil- 
trated: called also diffuse a. cylindroid a., 
the uniform dilatation of a considerable part of 
an artery: called also tubular a. cystogenic 
a., one formed by the rupture of a cyst into an 
artery, diffuse a. See consecutive a. dissect- 
ing a., one in which the blood is forced between 
the coats of an artery, ectatic a., one formed 
ANESTHETIST 
78 
by distention of a section of an artery without 
rupture of any of its coats, embolic a., one 
caused by embolism, embolomycotic a., 
aneurysm due to embolism from some vegetative 
condition in the heart, endogenous a., one due 
to disease of the coats of the vessel, exogenous 
a., one that is due to a wound or to violence, 
external a., one not situated in a body cavity, 
false a., one in which all the coats are ruptured 
and the blood is retained by the surrounding 
tissues, fusiform a., a spindle-shaped arterial 
dilatation, hernial a., one in which the sac is 
formed by an inner coat projecting through the 
outer, innominate a., aneurysm of the in- 
nominate artery, internal a., one situated 
in any one of the body cavities, intracranial 
a., any aneurysm situated within the cranium, 
lateral a., one that projects from one side of an 
artery, medical a., a deep-seated aneurysm 
(as in the thorax) not accessible by a surgical opera- 
tion. miliary a., aneurysm of a minute artery, 
chiefly intracranial, mixed a. Same as com- 
pound a. mycotic a., aneurysm produced by 
growth of microorganisms in the vessel-wall, 
orbital a., one situated within the orbit of the 
eye. osteoid a. Same as bone-a. Park's a., 
an arteriovenous aneurysm in which the dilatation 
communicates with two veins, pelvic a., one 
situated within the pelvis, phantom a., a con- 
dition in which the aorta is palpable and the patient 
complains of throbbing in the region of the aorta. 
Called also students' a. and aortismus abdominalis. 
Pott's a., an aneurysmal varix, racemose a., a 
condition in which the blood-vessels become dilated, 
lengthened, and tortuous. Rasmussen's a., a 
dilatation of a terminal artery in a tuberculous cav- 
ity. Its rupture produces hemorrhage in the third 
stage of pulmonary tuberculosis, renal a., renal 
epistaxis. See epistaxis. Richet's a., fusiform 
aneurysm. Rodrigues' a., a varicose aneu- 
rysm with the sac lying contiguous to the ar- 
tery. sacculated a., a sac-like arterial dila- 
tation which opens into the artery by an open- 
ing that is small compared to the size of the sac. 
secondary a., one that recurs after having appar- 
ently been cured, serpentine a., an elongated 
and varicose senile condition of certain arteries, 
such as the splenic, iliac, and temporal. Shekel- 
ton's a. Same as dissecting a. spongy 
a., an angioma, spontaneous a., an endoge- 
nous aneurysm, spurious a. See false a. 
students' a. See phantom a. surgical a., 
one that may be treated by a surgical procedure, 
thoracic a., one situated within the thorax, 
traction a., aneurysm produced by traction 
on the aorta by the duct of Botalli that is incom- 
pletely atrophied, traumatic a., an aneu- 
rysm due to injury, true a., an aneurysm in 
which the sac is formed by the arterial walls, one 
of which, at least, is unbroken, tubular a. See 
cylindroid a. valvular a., an aneurysm between 
the layers of a valve of the heart, varicose a., 
an aneurysm in which the artery communicates 
with a contiguous vein by means of an intervening 
sac. verminous a., one that contains hemato- 
zoa. worm a., aneurysm in horses caused by 
the larvae of strongylus. 
aneurysmal (an-u-riz'mal). Pertaining to or re- 
sembling an aneurysm. 
aneurysmatic (an-u-riz-mat'ik). Pertaining to an 
aneurysm; aneurysmal. 
aneurysmectomy (an-u-riz-mek'to-me) [Gr. apev- 
pvapa aneurysm 4- eKTop-q excision]. Extirpation 
of an aneurysm by removal of the sac. 
aneurysmoplasty (an-u-riz'mo-plas-te) [Gr. a^eu- 
pvapa aneurysm + irXisaaetp to form]. Plastic 
restoration of the artery in aneurysm; reconstruc- 
tive endoaneurysmorrhaphy. 
aneurysmorrhaphy (an-u-riz-mor'af-e) [Gr. kvev- 
pvapa aneurysm 4- patpr) suture]. The operation 
of suturing an aneurysm. 
aneurysmotomy (an-u-riz-mot'o-me) [Gr. apeb- 
ANEURYSMOTOMY ANFRACTUOSITY 
79 
ANGIOCYST 
pvapd aneurysm 4- rop-q cut]. The operation of 
incising the sac of an aneurysm and allowing it 
to heal by granulation. 
anfractuosity (an-frak-tu-os'it-e) [L. anfrac'tus 
a bending]. A cerebral sulcus. 
anfractuous (an-frak'tu-us). Convoluted or sin- 
uous. 
angei-. For words thus beginning, see those be- 
ginning angi-. 
angeitis (an-ji'tis) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel 4- -iris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of a vessel, espe- 
cially of a blood-vessel. See angiitis. 
Angelica (an-jel'ik-ah) [L., from Gr. dyyeXiKos 
angelic]. 1. A genus of umbelliferous plants. 2. 
The fruit and root of A. officina'lis and A. arch- 
angel'ica are aromatic, stimulant, and emmena- 
gogue, and are used in gout, rheumatism, bron- 
chitis, and intermittent fever. Dose of fruit or 
root in substance, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.); of fluid- 
extract of the fruit, 5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.); 
of fluidextract of the root, 30-60 min (2-4 c.c.). 
angel's (an'jelz) wing. A deformity in which 
both scapulae are peculiarly prominent: called also 
winged scapula. 
angiasthenia (an-je-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. ayyeiop 
vessel 4- a neg. 4- cOevos strength]. Loss of tone 
in the vascular system; vascular instability. 
angiectasis (an-je-ek'tas-is) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel 4- 
eKTaats dilatation!. Dilatation of a blood-vessel, 
whether from aneurysm, varix, or angioparalysis. 
angiectatic (an-ge-ek-tat'ik). Characterized by 
dilated blood-vessels. 
angiectopia (an-je-ek-to'pe-ah) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel 
4- Ik out 4- r biros place]. Abnormal position or 
course of a vessel. 
angiemphraxis (an-je-em-frak'sis) [Gr. ayyeiop 
vessel 4- ep<ppa^is stoppage]. The stopping up 
of a vessel. 
angiitis (an-je-i'tis) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel]. Inflam- 
mation of a vessel, chiefly of a blood- or a lymph- 
vessel. consecutive a., inflammation of a ves- 
sel caused by extension of the inflammation from 
the neighboring tissues. 
angileucitis (an-je-lu-si'tis). See angioleucitis. 
angina (an'jin-ah, an-ji'nah) [L.]. Any disease or 
symptom characterized by spasmodic suffoca- 
tive attacks; especially a disease of the pharynx 
or fauces exhibiting such attacks, a. abdom- 
inis, severe colicky pain in the abdomen with 
increased tension of the pulse, occurring in sclero- 
sis of the abdominal vessels, a. acu'ta, a. 
sim'plex, a simple sore throat, a. arthrit'ica, 
pharyngitis of a gouty nature, benign croup- 
ous a., pharyngitis herpetica. a. catarrha'lis, 
catarrhal pharyngitis, a. cor'dis, angina pec- 
toris. a. croupo'sa, pseudomembranous or 
croupous sore throat, a. cru'ris, a disease 
marked by paroxysmal pains, generally in the 
calf of the leg, and sometimes attended by local 
asphyxia, due to vascular changes. Called also 
intermittent claudication. a. diphtherit'ica, 
diphtheritic pharyngitis or layngitis. a. dys- 
pep'tica, a condition resembling angina pectoris, 
due to distention of the stomach with gas. a. epi- 
glottide'a, inflammation of the epiglottis, a. 
erysipelato'sa, pharyngitis due to erysipelas, 
a. follicula'ris, follicular tonsillitis, a. gan- 
grseno'sa, malignant a., gangrenous inflam- 
mation of the fauces, a. laryn'gea, laryngitis, 
a. ludovi'ci, a. ludwig'ii, Ludwig's a., 
purulent inflammation seated around the sub- 
maxillary gland, beneath the jaw and about the 
floor of the mouth, usually due to streptococcus 
infection, a. membrana'cea. See croup. 
nerve a., neuralgia due to spasm of the sclerotic 
arteries of the nerves, a. nervo'sa, anginal at- 
tacks in nervous persons, a. nosoco'mii, a. 
ulcero'sa, ulcerative pharyngitis, a. no'tha, 
vasomotor angina, a. parotid'ea, mumps or 
parotiditis, a. pec'toris, a disease marked by 
paroxysmal thoracic pain, with suffocation and 
syncope, due to spasm of the systemic arteries, 
and occurring usually in connection with aortic 
aneurysm or disease of the heart (Heberden, 1768). 
Called also breast-pang, sternalgia, sternodynia, 
and orthopnoea cardiaca. a. pec'toris vaso- 
moto'ria, angina pectoris attended with vaso- 
motor disturbances of various sorts, a. phleg- 
mono'sa, a. tonsillaris, parenchymatous 
tonsillitis. Plant's a., Vincent's angina, pseu- 
domembranous a. See Vincent's a. a. rheu- 
mat'ica, a pharyngitis associated with the rheu- 
matic diathesis, a. scarlatino sa, pharyngitis- 
due to scarlatina, a. sine dolo're, a slight 
anginal attack in which no pain is experienced, 
a. spu ria, vasomotor angina, streptococcus 
a., angina due to a streptococcus, a. tonsilla'- 
ris. See quinsy, a. trachea'lis, croup, a. 
ulcero'sa, pharyngitis ulcerosa, a. urat'ica, 
gouty pharyngitis, vasomotor a., angina pec- 
toris m which the sternalgia is slight, the chief 
symptoms being pallor, cyanosis, and coldness of the 
extremities. Vincent's a., a diphtheroid throat 
affection, with inflammation and ulceration of one 
tonsil and without fever. It is caused by a spirillum 
(Spironema vincentii) found in hospital dirt. Called 
also Piaui's a., pseudomembranous a., and ulcero- 
membranous a. 
anginal (an'jin-al). Pertaining to or characteristic 
of angina. 
anginiform (an-jin'if-orm). Resembling angina, 
anginoid (an'jin-oid). Resembling an angina, 
anginophobia (an-jin-o-fo'be-ah) [angina + Gr. 
<p60os fear]. Morbid dread of angina pectoris. 
anginose, anginous (an'jin-6s, an'jin-us) [L. an- 
gino'sus]. Pertaining to or affected with angina. 
anginosis (an-jin-o'sis). A general term for an- 
ginal conditions; angina. 
angioataxia (an"je-o-at-aks'e-ah) [Gr. ayyeiop 
vessel 4- ataxia]. Irregular tension of the blood- 
vessels. 
angioblast (an'je-o-blast) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel 4* 
fiXacrrbs germ]. One of the mesameboid cells 
whence the blood-vessels and blood-cells are de- 
rived. 
angiocardiokinetic (an"je-o-kar"de-o-kin-et'ik) 
[Gr. ayyeiop vessel 4- Kapbia heart 4- /dp-qacs mo- 
tion]. 1. Affecting the motions or movements 
of the heart and blood-vessels. 2. Any agent that 
affects the movements of the heart and vessels. 
angiocardiopathy (an"je-o-kar-de-op'ath-e). Any 
disease of the heart and blood-vessels. 
angiocarditis (an"je-o-kar-di'tis) [Gr. ayyeiop ves- 
sel 4- KapbLa heart]. Inflammation of the heart 
and great blood-vessels. 
angiocavernous (an-je-o-kav'er-nus). Of the 
nature of angioma and cavernoma. 
angioceratoma (an"je-o-ser-at-o'mah). See an- 
giokeratoma. 
angiocholecystitis (an"je-o-ko-le-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. 
ayyeiop vessel 4- xoXij bile 4- kvotls bladder]. 
Inflammation of the gall-bladder and bile-ducts. 
angiocholitis (an"je-o-ko-li'tis) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel 
+ xoXf) bile]. Inflammation of the bile-ducts, a. 
prolif'erans, proliferating inflammation of the 
bile-ducts leading frequently to carcinoma. 
angiochondroma (an"je-o-kon-dro'mah). A 
chondroma about which there is an excessive de- 
velopment of blood-vessels. 
angioclast (an'je-o-klast) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel 4- 
KXaarbs broken]. A forceps-like instrument for 
compressing a bleeding artery. 
angiocrine (an'je-o-krin) [Gr. ayyeiop vessel 4- 
endocrine]. Noting vasomotor disorders of endo- 
crine origin. 
angiocr inosis (an"je-o-krin-o'sis). A vasomotor 
disorder of endocrine origin. 
angiocyst (an'je-o-sist) [Gr. apyyeiop vessel 4- ANGIODERMATITIS 
80 
ANGIOPARESIS 
cys/J. An ingrowth of mesothelial tissue in the 
embryo having blood-forming power. 
angiodermatitis (an"je-o-der-mat-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the vessels of the skin. 
angiodystrophia ovarii (an"je-o-dis-tro'fe-ah 
o-va're-i) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- dystrophy]. Dis- 
ease of the ovary with disease and increase in 
the number of blood-vessels of that organ. 
angioelephantiasis (an"je-o-el-ef-an-ti'as-is). 
Extensive angiomatous condition of the subcu- 
taneous tissues. 
angiofibroma (an"je-o-fi-bro'mah). An angioma 
containing fibrous tissue, a. contagio'sum 
trop'icum, a skin disease of Brazil characterized 
by an eruption of red papules which develop into 
bluish nodules. 
angiogenesis (an"je-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. &yyeiov vessel 
4- genesis]. The development of the vessels. 
angiogenic (an"je-o-jen'ik). i. Arising in the 
vascular system. 2. Developing into blood-vessels. 
angioglioma (an"je-o-gli-o'mah). A very vascular 
form of glioma. 
angiogliomatosis (an"je-o-gli-o-mat-o'sis). A 
condition marked by the formation of multiple 
vascular gliomas. 
angiogliosis (an"je-o-gli-o'sis). A condition marked 
by the development of angiogliomas. 
angiograph (an'je-o-graf) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- 
ypa<petv to record]. A form of sphygmograph. 
angiography (an-je-og'raf-e) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- 
yp6.<petv to record]. A treatise upon the vessels; 
the study of the vessels. 
angiohyalinosis (an"je-o-hi"a-lin-o'sis) [Gr. 
ayyeiov vessel 4- hyalinosis]. Hyaline degen- 
eration of the muscularis of blood-vessels, a. 
hsemorrhag'ica, a congenital hemorrhage pro- 
ducing a kind of hemophilia. 
angiohypertonia (an"je-o-hi-per-to'ne-ah) [Gr. 
hyyeiov vessel 4* vnep over 4* rovos tension]. An- 
giospasm. 
angiohypotonia (an"je-o-hi-po-to'ne-ah) [Gr ay- 
yeiov vessel 4- into over 4- rbvos tension]. Same 
as vasodilatation. 
angioid (an'je-oid) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- echos 
form]. Resembling a blood-vessel. 
angiokeratoma (an"je-o-ker-at-o'mah) [Gr. ay yeiov 
vessel 4- Kepas horn 4- -upa tumor]. A disease 
of the skin characterized by telangiectases or warty 
growths, in groups, together with thickening of 
the epidermis (Mibelli, 1889). The disease is seen 
chiefly on the feet and legs of children. Called 
also telangiectatic warts. 
angiokeratosis (an"je-o-ker-at-o'sis). Angioker- 
atoma. 
angiokinesis (an"je-o-kin-e'sis) [Gr. byyeiov vessel 
4* kIvtjois movement]. Vascular activity. 
angiokinetic (an"je-o-kin-et'ik). Pertaining to 
vascular activity. 
angioleucitis, angioleukitis (an"je-o-lu-si'tis, 
an"je-o-lu-ki'tis) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- XevKos 
white]. Inflammation of a lymph-vessel. 
angiolipoma (an"je-o-lip-o'mah). An angioma 
containing fatty tissue, often seen in the subcu- 
taneous tissue. 
angiolith (an'je-o-lith) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- XIOos 
stone]. A calculus in a vein. 
angiolithic (an-je-o-lith'ik) [Gr. byyeiov vessel 4- 
XlOos stone]. Characterized by a mineral deposit 
in the coats of the vessels. 
angiology (an-je-ol'o-je) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- 
Xbyos treatise]. The sum of knowledge regarding 
the blood- and lymph-vessels. 
angiolymphitis (an"je-o-lim-fi'tis). Same as 
lymphangitis. 
angiolymphoma (an"je-o-lim-fo'mah). A tumor 
made up of lymph-vessels. 
angioma (an-je-o'mah), pl. angio'mata [Gr. ayyeiov 
vessel 4- -vpa tumor]. A tumor the cells of which 
tend to form blood-vessels (hemangioma) or lymph- 
vessels (lymphangioma); a tumor made up of 
new-formed blood-vessels or lymph-vessels, a. 
arteria'le racemo'sum, a dilatation and com- 
plex intertwining of many new-formed and altered 
vessels of small caliber with subsequent involve- 
ment of normal vessels, a. caverno'sum, 
cavernous a., an erectile tumor; a tumor made 
up of a connective-tissue framework inclosing large 
spaces filled with blood: sometimes called erectile 
tumor, a. cu'tis, a kind of nevus made up of a 
network of dilated blood-vessels. fissural a., 
angioma occurring in embryonal fissures of the 
face, neck, or lips. hypertrophic a., an an- 
gioma containing solid matter formed by hyper- 
plasia of the endothelium, infective a. Same 
as a. serpinginosum. plexiform a., ordinary 
angioma made up of dilated and tortuous capillaries 
usually located in the skin. a. serpigino'sum, 
a skin disease characterized by minute vascular 
points, looking like grains of cayenne pepper, ar- 
ranged in rings on the skin, simple a., a nevus 
or telangiectasis: a tumor composed of a network of 
small vessels or of distended capillaries bound to- 
gether by connective tissue, telangiectatic a., 
one made up of dilated blood-vessels, a. veno'- 
sum racemo'sum, the swellings caused by 
severe varicosity of superficial veins. 
angiomalacia (an"je-o-ma-la'se-ah) [Gr. ayyeiov 
vessel + paXaida softness]. Morbid softening of 
the walls of the vessels. 
angiomatosis (an-je-o-mat-o'sis). A diseased state 
of the blood or lymphatic vessels. 
angiomatous (an-je-om'at-us). Of the nature of 
angioma. 
angiometer (an-je-om'et-er) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the diameter or caliber and tension of the blood- 
vessels. 
angiomyocardiac (an"je-o-mi-o-kar'de-ak). Af- 
fecting the vessels and the heart muscle. 
angiomyoma (an"je-o-mi-o'mah). A myoma con- 
taining many vessels. 
angiomyosarcoma (an"je-o-mi"o-sar-ko'mah). 
A tumor made up of elements of angioma, myoma, 
and sarcoma. 
angioneoplasm (an"je-o-ne'o-plazm) [Gr. ayyeiov 
vessel 4- neoplasm}. A tumor or neoplasm of 
blood-vessels. 
angioneurectomy (an"je-o-nu-rek'tom-e) [Gr. 
ayyeiov vessel 4* vevpov nerve 4- eKropr) excision]. 
Excision of vessels and nerves; especially, the 
operation of resecting all the elements of the 
spermatic cord, except the vas deferens with its 
artery and vein, for the cure of enlarged pros- 
tate. 
angioneuroedema, angioneurocedema (an"- 
je-o-nu-ro-e-de'mah) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel + vevpov 
nerve 4- otbqpa swelling]. A swelling of the skin 
or surface, due to some vasomotor neurosis. 
angioneurosis (an"je-o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. ayyeiov 
vessel + neurosis]. Any neurosis affecting pri- 
marily the blood-vessels; a disorder of the vaso- 
motor system, as angiospasm, angioparesis, or 
angioparalysis. 
angioneurotic (an"je-o-nu-rot'ik). Caused by or 
of the nature of an angioneurosis. 
angioneurotomy (an"je-o-nu-rot'o-me) [Gr. 
ayyeiov vessel 4- vevpov nerve 4* ropr) cutting]. 
The operation of cutting vessels and nerves. 
angionoma (an"je-o-no'mah) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 
+ vopi] ulcer]. Ulceration of a blood-vessel. 
angiopancreatitis (an"je-o-pan-kre-at-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the pancreatic vessels or of the vas- 
cular tissue of the pancreas. 
angioparalysis (an"je-o-pa-ral'is-is) [Gr. ayyeiov 
vessel 4- paralysis]. Paralysis of blood-vessels 
from vasomotor defect. 
angioparesis (an-je-o-par'es-is) [Gr. hyyeiov vessel 
+ paresis]. Vasomotor paresis. ANGIOPATHY 
81 
ANGLE 
angiopathy (an-je-op'ath-e) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel + 
tcOSos affection]. Any disease of the vessels. 
angioplany (an'je-o-plan-e) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel + 
TcXdvi) wandering]. Abnormality in position, 
course, or structure of a vessel. 
angioplasty (an'je-o-plas-te) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel + 
TrXdaaecv to form]. Plastic surgery of blood-ves- 
sels. 
angiopoietic (an"je-o-poi-et'ik) [Gr. ayyeiov vessel 
+ rcoeeiv to make]. Causing the formation of 
blood-vessels. 
angiopressure (an'je-o-presh-ur). Control of 
hemorrhage from a vessel by the application of a 
hemostatic forceps with pressure. 
angiorhigosis (an"je-o-rig-o'sis) [Gr. dyyeiov 
vessel + piyos rigor]. Rigidity of the wall of a 
blood-vessel. 
angiorrhaphy (an-je-or'af-e) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 4- 
paip-q suture]. Suture of a vessel or vessels, 
arteriovenous a., the suturing of an artery to a 
vein, so as to divert the arterial current into the 
vein. 
angiorrhexis (an-je-or-ek'sis) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 
+ pifas rupture]. Rupture of a vessel. 
angiosarcoma (an"je-o-sar-ko'mah) [Gr. dyyeiov 
vessel + sarcoma]. A sarcoma containing many 
vessels, a. myxomato'des, an angiosarcoma in 
which the walls of the vessels are affected with 
mucous degeneration. 
angiosclerosis (an"je-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. dyyeiov 
vessel 4- sclerosis]. Hardening of the walls of 
the blood-vessels; a combined sclerosis of arteries, 
veins, and capillaries. 
angioscope (an'je-o-skbp) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 4- 
OKOireiv to view]. A microscope for observing 
capillary blood-vessels. 
angiosialitis (an"je-o-si-al-i'tis) [Gr. dyyeiov 
vessel 4- alaXov saliva]. Inflammation of a sali- 
vary duct. 
angiosis (an-je-o'sis). Same as angiopathy. 
angiospasm (an'je-o-spazm) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel + 
airaapbs spasm]. Spasmodic contraction of the 
blood-vessels. 
angiospastic (an-je-o-spas'tik). Of the nature of 
angiospasm; causing contraction of the blood- 
vessels. 
angiosperm (an'je-o-sperm) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 4- 
oireppa seed]. A true flowering plant; a plant hav- 
ing its seeds in an inclosed ovary. 
angiostenosis (an"je-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. dyyeiov 
vessel 4- stenosis]. A narrowing of the caliber of a 
vessel. 
angiosteosis (an"je-os-te-o'sis) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 
4- oareov bone]. Ossification or calcification of a 
vessel. 
angiosthenia (an-je-os-the'ne-ah) [Gr. dyyeiov 
vessel 4- adevos strength]. Arterial tension. 
Angiostomidse (an"je-o-sto'mid-e). A family of 
the Nematoda characterized by heterogony. There 
is only one important genus, Strongyloides. 
angiostrophe, angiostrophy (an-je-os'tro-fe) 
[Gr. ayyeiov vessel 4- (TTpo<ph a twist]. The twist- 
ing of a vessel for the arrest of hemorrhage. 
angiotelectasis (an"je-o-tel-ek'tas-is) [Gr. dyyeiov 
vessel 4- reXos end 4" e kt acres dilatation]. Dila- 
tation of the capillary vessels and the minute 
arteries and veins. 
angiotenic (an-je-o-ten'ik) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 4- 
reiveev to stretch]. Marked by or caused by dis- 
tention of blood-vessels. 
angiotitis (an-je-o-ti'tis) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 4- 
otitis]. Inflammation of the vessels of the ear. 
angiotome (an'je-o-tom) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 4* 
ropf) a cutting]. Any one of the segments of the 
vascular system of the embryo: called also vascu- 
lar segment. 
angiotomy (an-je-ot'om-e) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 4- 
ropf) a cutting]. The dissection of the blood-vessels. 
angiotonic (an"je-o-ton'ik). Increasing the vas- 
cular tension. 
angiotribe (an'je-o-trib) [Gr. avveioF vessel 4- 
rpl/3eiv to crush]. An exceedingly strong pair of 
forceps in which pressure is exercised by means 
of a screw. It is used for crushing tissue con- 
taining an artery for the purpose of closing the 
artery and checking hemorrhage. 
angiotripsy (an'je-o-trip-se). Production of hemo- 
stasis by means of the angiotribe. 
angiotrophic (an"je-o-trof'ik) [Gr. dyyeiov vessel 
+ Tpoipi] nutrition]. Pertaining to vascular nutri- 
tion. 
angitis (an-ji'tis). Same as angiitis. 
angle (ang7!) [L. an'gulus], i. A sharp bend 
formed by the meeting of two borders or sur- 
faces. The angle of a tooth is the line where two 
or more surfaces of a tooth meet. 2. The degree 
of divergence of two lines or planes that intersect, 
a. of aberration. See a. of deviation. Acker- 
mann's a's, certain angles of the base of the 
skull, characteristic of kyphosis, encephalocele, 
and hydrocephalus, acromial a., the angle 
between the head of the humerus and the clavicle, 
alpha a., that formed by the intersection of the 
visual line with the optic axis. Alsberg's a. 
See Alsberg's triangle, under triangle, alveolar 
a., the angle between a line running through a 
point beneath the nasal spine and the most prom- 
inent point of the lower border of the alveolar 
process of the superior maxilla and the cephalic 
horizontal, a. of aperture, the angle between 
two lines from the focus of a lens to the ends of its 
diameter, auricular a., the angle formed be- 
tween two auricular radii, auriculo-occipital 
a., the angle between lines from the auricular 
point to the lambda and opisthion. axial a., any 
dental angle which is parallel with the long axis of 
a tooth. They are the mesiobuccal, mesiolabial, 
distobursal, distolabial, mesiolingual, and disto- 
lingual angles, basilar a., basiopic a., the 
angle between the nasobasilar line and Meissner's 
horizontal, beta a., that between the radius fixus 
and a line joining the bregma and hormion. 
biorbital a., the angle formed by the intersection 
of the axis of the orbits. Broca's a. Same as 
basilar a. buccal a's, the angles formed by the 
junction of the buccal surface of a tooth with 
the other surfaces. Camper's a. 1. Same as 
facial a. 2. Same as maxillary a. cardio- 
hepatic a., the angle formed by the horizontal 
limit of hepatic dulness with the upright line 
of cardiac dulness in the fifth right intercostal 
space, close to the sternal border, carrying a., 
the angle formed by the axes of the arm and forearm 
when the forearm is extended, cavosurface a., 
the angle formed by the cavity wall and the surface 
of a tooth, cephalic a., any angle of the skull 
or face, cerebellopontile a., the angle be- 
tween the cerebellum and the pons, chi a., 
that between two lines from the hormion to the 
staphylion and basion respectively, condylar 
a., the angle between the planes of the basilar 
groove and the occipital foramen, a. of con- 
vergence, the angle between the visual axis 
and the median line when an object is looked at. 
costal a., the angle between two false ribs meet- 
ing at the sternum, craniofacial a., the angle 
between the basifacial and basicranial axes at the 
middle of the spheno-ethmoid suture, critical 
a., the angle made with the perpendicular by a ray 
of light passing from a rarer to a denser medium and 
then refracted. Daubenton's a., angle formed 
by the opisthiobasial line and opisthionasial line, 
a. of declination. See Mikulicz's a. deviat- 
ing a., the least possible angle of deviation that 
can be produced by a given prism, a. of devia- 
tion, the angle between a refracted ray and the in- 
cident ray prolonged, distal a's, the angles at 
the junction of the distal walls of a tooth cavity 
with the other surfaces of a tooth crown, disto- 
buccal a., the angle formed by the junction of ANGLE 
82 
ANGSTROM'S LAW 
the distal and buccal surfaces of a tooth, disto- 
bucco-occlusal a., the angle formed by the 
distal, buccal, and occlusal surfaces of a tooth, 
distobuccopulpal a., the angle formed by the 
junction of the distal, buccal, and pulpal walls of 
a tooth cavity, distocervical a., the angle 
formed by the distal and cervical walls of a tooth 
cavity, distoclusal a. See disto-occlusal a. 
disto-incisal a., the angle formed by the distal 
and incisal walls of the cavity of a tooth, disto- 
labial a., the angle formed by the junction of 
the distal and labial walls of a tooth cavity, 
distolabiopulpal a., the angle at the junction 
of the distal, labial, and pulpal walls of a tooth 
cavity, distolingual a., the angle at the junc- 
tion of the distal and lingual walls of a cavity, 
distolinguo-occlusal a., the angle formed by 
the distal, lingual, and occlusal surfaces of a tooth, 
distolinguopulpal a., the angle foamed by the 
junction of the distal, lingual, and pulpal walls of 
a tooth cavity, disto-occlusal a., the angle 
formed by the junction of the distal and occlusal 
surfaces of a tooth, distopulpal a., the angle 
formed by the junction of the distal and pulpal 
walls of a tooth cavity. Ebstein's a. Same 
as cardiohepatic a. elevation a. 1. The angle 
made by the visual plane when moved upward or 
downward with its normal position. 2. See 
Alsberg's triangle, under triangle, epigastric a., 
the angle made by the ensiform cartilage with the 
body of the sternum, ethmocranial a., the 
angle included between the plane of the cribriform 
plate of the ethmoid bone prolonged and the basi- 
cranial axis, external a., the angle formed by the 
eyelids at the outer canthus, facial a., an angle 
which indicates the slope of the forehead, gam- 
ma a., the angle formed at the center of rotation of 
the globe of the eye by the optic axis and a line 
from the point on the object looked at. a. of in- 
cidence, the angle at which a ray of light strikes 
a denser medium, incisal a., the angle formed at 
the incised surface of a tooth by its lateral surfaces, 
iridocorneal a., a. of iris, iritic a., the angle 
formed at the periphery of the anterior cham- 
ber of the eye by the cornea in front and the iris 
behind. Jacquart's a. Same as ophryospinal 
a. a. of the jaw, the junction of the lower 
edge with the posterior edge of the lower jaw. 
labial a., the angle formed between the labial 
surface and the other surfaces of a tooth, lim- 
iting a. See critical a. line a., an angle 
formed by the union of two surfaces. Louis' a., 
Ludwig's a., that between the manubrium and 
the gladiolus. Called also angulus ludovici. mas- 
toid a., the posterior inferior angle of the parietal 
bone, maxillary a. (of Camper), the angle be- 
tween two lines extending from the point of con- 
tact of the upper and lower central incisors to the 
ophryon and the most prominent point of the lower 
jaw. mesial a., the angle at the junction of the 
mesial surface with the other surfaces of a tooth, 
mesiobuccal a., the angle formed by the junc- 
tion of the mesial and buccal surfaces of a tooth, 
mesiobucco-occlusal a., the angle formed by 
the junction of the mesial, buccal, and occlusal 
surfaces of a tooth, mesio-incisal a., the angle 
formed by the junction of the mesial and incisal 
surfaces of a tooth, mesiolabial a., the angle 
formed by the junction of the mesial and labial 
surfaces of a tooth, mesiolingual a., the angle 
formed by the junction of the mesial and lingual 
surfaces of a tooth, mesiolinguo-occlusal a., 
the angle formed by the junction of the mesial, 
lingual, and occlusal surfaces of a tooth, meta- 
facial a., the angle between the base of the 
skull and the pterygoid process, meter-a., the 
angle made by the optic axis when the eyes are 
centered on an object at a distance of one meter. 
Mikulicz's a., an angle formed by two planes, 
one passing through the long axis of the epiphysis 
of the femur and the other through the long axis 
of the diaphysis. It is normally 130 degrees. 
Called also angle of declination, a. of Mulder, 
the angle between the facial line of Camper and a 
line from the root of the nose to the spheno-occipital 
suture and intersecting the first line, nu a., the 
angle between the radius fixus and a line joining the 
hormion and nasion, occipital a. Same as 
Daubenton's a. ophryospinal a., the angle at 
the anterior nasal spine between lines from the 
auricular point and the glabella, optic a., the 
visual angle, parietal a., the angle between 
lines passing through the extremities of the trans- 
verse bizygomatic diameter and the maximum 
transverse frontal diameter. Pirogoff's a. 
Same as venous a. point a., an angle formed by 
the union of three surfaces: called also solid a. 
a. of polarization, the angle at which light is 
most completely polarized, principal a. Same 
as refracting a. a. of the pubes, that made by 
the pubic bones at their symphysis. Quatre- 
fages' a. Same as parietal a. Ranke's a., 
the angle between the horizontal plane of the skull 
and a line through the center of the alveolar margin 
and the. center of the nasofrontal suture, a. of 
reflection, that which a reflected ray makes with 
a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface, 
refracting a., that between the two refracting 
faces of a prism: called also principal a. a. of re- 
fraction, the angle between a refracted ray and a 
line perpendicular to the refracting surface, ro- 
landic a., a. of Rolando, the angle between 
the mesial plane and the fissure of Rolando at their 
intersection, sacrovertebral a., that which 
the sacrum forms with the lowest lumbar vertebra. 
Serres' a. Same as metafacial a. sigma a., 
the. angle between the radius fixus and a line 
from the staphylion to the hormion. solid a. 
See point a. somatosplanchnic a., the angle 
formed by the junction of the somatic and splanch- 
nic layers of the mesoblast in the embryo, sphe- 
noid a. i. An angle at the top of the sella turcica 
between lines from the nasal point and from the tip 
of the rostrum of the sphenoid; called also Welcher's 
a. 2. The anterior inferior angle of the parietal 
bone, sternal a., Louis'angle, sternoclavic- 
ular a., that formed at the junction of the sternum 
and clavicle, subpubic a., that formed at the 
pubic arch. a. of Sylvius, the angle between the 
fissure of Sylvius and a line perpendicular to the 
superior edge of the cerebral hemisphere, ten- 
torial a., the angle between the basicranial axis 
and the plane of the tentorium. Topinard's a. 
Same as ophryospinal a. a. of torsion, the angle 
between the axes of different portions of long bones, 
venous a., the angle between the internal jugular 
and subclavian veins, a. of Virchow, the angle 
between the nasobasilar line and the nasosubnasal 
line, visual a., the angle formed between two 
lines extending from the point of vision on the reti- 
na to the extremities of the object seen. Vogt's 
a., the angle between the nasobasilar and alveolo- 
nasal lines. Welcher's a. See sphenoid a. 
xiphoid a's, the angles formed by the borders 
of the xiphoid notch. 
Angle's classification (ang'elz) [Edward H. 
Angle, American dentist, contemporary]. A classi- 
fication of the various modes of malocclusion. A's 
splint. See under splint. 
Anglesey leg (ang'gl-se) [Marquis of Anglesey, 
1768-1854, for whom the leg was made]. See 
under leg. 
anglicus sudor (ang'lik-us su'dor). The English 
sweating fever; a deadly pestilential fever which 
has several times ravaged England. 
angophrasia (ang-o-fra'zhe-ah) [Gr. ayxetv to 
choke 4- <ppa.ats utterance]. A drawling and 
broken form of speech occurring in dementia 
(Kussmaul). 
angostura. See angustura. 
angstrom (ang'strom). The unit of wave-length 
equal to ro~7 mm. 
Angstrom's law (ahng'stremz) [Anders Jonas 
Angstrom, Swedish physicist, 1814-1874]. See 
under law. ANGUILLULA 
83 
ANIMALITY 
Anguillula (ang-wil'u-lah) [L. " little eel "]. A 
genus of nematode parasites. A. ace'ti, a species 
found in vinegar, and sometimes in the urine. 
A. intestina'lis, A. stercora'lis. Same as 
Strongyloides stercoralis. 
anguilluliasis, anguillulosis (an-gwil-u-li'as-is, 
-lo'sis). The presence of an anguillula in the body. 
Anguillulidae (ang-wil-lu'lid-e). A family of the 
Nematoda. They are small free-living forms, hav- 
ing the mouth armed with a spine. There are four 
genera: Anguillula, Anguillulina, Rhabditis, and 
Leplodera. 
Anguilluli na putrefa'ciens. A free-living ne- 
matode normally saprozoic, but occasionally found 
in the stomach of man. 
angular (ang'u-lar) [L. angula'ris}. Sharply 
bent; having corners or angles. 
angulation (ang-u-la'shun) [L. angula'tus bent]. 
The formation of a sharp obstructive angle in 
the intestine. 
angulus (ang'u-lus). Latin for angle, a. cos'tee, 
the angle of a rib. a. i'ridis [BNA], the angle 
of the iris. a. ludov'ici. See Louis' angle, under 
angle, a. mandib'ulae [B N A], the angle of 
the jaw. a. mastoi'deus, the mastoid angle, 
a. ocu'li, the canthus of the eye. a. o ris, the 
corner of the mouth, a. pu'bis [B N A], the 
angle of the pubes, a. ster'nse, Louis' angle. 
angustura (ang-us-tu'rah) [Sp. Angostura, "nar- 
rows," a town of Venezuela]. The bark of Gal- 
ipe'a cuspa'ria, a tree of South America. It is a 
bitter tonic and stimulant: used in dysentery 
and in bilious and intermittent fever. Dose of 
the infusion, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.); of the fluid- 
extract, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.); of the powdered 
bark, 10-40 gr. (0.666-2.666 gm.). 
angusturin (ang-us-tu'rin). A tonic alkaloid, 
C10H40NOu, from angustura. 
angusty (ang-us'te) [L. angus'tus narrow]. Narrow- 
ness. 
anhalonin (an-ha-lo'nin). An exceedingly poison- 
ous crystalline alkaloid, Cl3Hl5NO3, from Anha- 
lo'nium lewin'ii: recommended in dyspnea, 
angina pectoris, and pneumothorax. 
Anhalonium lewinii (an-hal-o'ne-um lu-win'e-i). 
A Mexican cactus; a heart stimulant: sometimes 
used in angina pectoris and in cardiac asthma. 
Dose of fluidextract, 1-3 min. (0.066-0.2 c.c.). 
anhaphia (an-ha'fe-ah) [Gr. av neg. + d<pn touch]. 
Loss of the sense of touch. 
anhedonia (an-hed-o'ne-ah) [Gr. dp priv. + 
pleasure]. Total loss of feeling of pleasure in acts 
that normally give pleasure. 
anhelation (an-he'-a'shun) [L. anhela'lio]. Dysp- 
nea, with panting; shortness of breath. 
anhematopoiesis (an-hem"at-o-poi-e'sis) [Gr. av 
neg. + al pa blood + iroielv to make]. Same as 
anhematosis. 
anhematosis (an"hem-at-o'sis) [Gr. av priv. + 
6d.paTbei.v to make bloody]. Defect in the forma- 
tion of blood. 
anhemolytic (an-hem-o-lit'ik) [Gr. av- neg. + 
atpa blood + Xvtlkos dissolving]. Not causing 
hemolysis; not destructive to blood-corpuscles. 
anhepatogenic (an-hep"at-o-jen'ik) [Gr. dp neg. + 
rpirap liver + yevvav to produce]. Not originating 
in the liver; not due to any morbid process within 
the liver. 
anhidrosis (an-hid-ro'sis) [Gr. av priv. + I6pus 
sweat]. An abnormal deficiency of sweat. 
anhidrotic (an-hid-rot'ik). 1. Checking the secre- 
tion of sweat. 2. An agent that checks the secre- 
tion of sweat. 
anhistic, anhistous (an-his'tik, an-his'tus) [Gr. 
av priv. + larbs web]. Of a uniform substance; 
structureless. 
anhydratation (an-hi-dra-ta'shun). The condition 
of not being hydrated. 
anhydremia (an-hid-re'me-ah) [Gr. av neg. + v8a>p 
water + al pa blood]. Lack of water in the blood. 
anhydrid (an-hi'drid) [Gr. av neg. + v8up water], 
A chemic compound derived from a substance, 
especially an acid, by the abstraction of a mole- 
cule of water. 
anhydromyelia (an"hid-ro-mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. av 
priv. + v8a>p water + pveXov marrow]. A defi- 
ciency of the fluid that is normally found in the 
spinal cord. 
anhydrous (an-hi'drus) [Gr. av neg. + iiSwp water]. 
Deprived or destitute of water. 
anhypnosis (an-hip-no'sis). Insomnia. 
anianthinopsy (an-e-an'thin-op-se) [Gr. av neg. 
-T lavfhvos violet + o^is vision]. Inability to 
distinguish violet tints. 
anideus (an-id'e-us) [Gr. av priv. + eiSos form]. 
A twin monster-fetus in which the parasite is a 
mere shapeless mass. 
anidrosis (an-id-ro'sis). Same as anhidrosis. 
anile (a'nil) [L. anus, old woman]. Pertaining to old 
age in women. 
anilid, anilide (an'il-id). Any compound formed 
from aromatic amins by substitution of an acyl 
group for the hydrogen of NEL. 
anilidmetarsenite (an-il-id-met-ar'sen-it). A 
white powder, CfjHaNOaAsCaHsNHAsOi, used in 
skin diseases by subcutaneous injection. 
anilin (an'il-in) [Arabic an-nil indigo, nil blue; 
L. nil indigo], Phenylamin; a colorless, oily 
liquid, CflH.,NH2, from coal-tar and from indigo, 
made commercially by reducing nitrobenzene. 
It is slightly soluble in water; freely so in ether 
and alcohol. It is poisonous, producing vertigo, 
weakness, and cyanosis (a condition called anil- 
ism). The drug itself and its sulphate have been 
used in epilepsy and chorea. Combined with 
other substances, especially chlorin and the chlo- 
rates, it forms the anilin colors or dyes that are 
derived from coal-tar. Dose of anilin camphor- 
ate, 8-12 gr. (0.52-0.8 gm.), a. sulphate, a 
white, crystalline substance, (CgHsNEL^HjSOi: 
used as a nervine in epilepsy, chorea, etc. Dose, 
1-ij gr. (0.05-0.1 gm.). 
anilinophil, anilinophile (an-il-in'o-fil, -fil) 
[anilin + Gr. <piXelv to love]. 1. Anilinophilous. 
2. An anilinophilous element or structure. 
anilinophilous (an-il-in-of'il-us). Staining readily 
with anilin dyes. 
anilipyrin (an-il-ip-i'rin). A preparation of 1 part 
of acetanilid with 2 parts of antipyrin: soluble in 
water. It is used in rheumatism and influenza. 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
anilism (an'il-izm). Poisoning by anilin; a con- 
dition marked by vertigo, muscular weakness, 
cyanosis, and digestive derangement, and often 
affecting workers in anilin factories. 
anility (an-il'it-e) [L. anus, old woman]. Old age in 
women. 
anima (an'im-ah) [L. "air"]. 1. The soul. 2. The 
active principle of a drug. 
animal (an'im-al) [L. anima'lis, from an'ima life, 
breath], 1. A living organism having sensation 
and the power of voluntary movement, and re- 
quiring for its existence oxygen and organic food. 
2. Pertaining to such an organism, normal a., 
an animal used in bacteriologic experiments which 
has never been infected either naturally or arti- 
ficially. spinal a., an animal whose spinal cord 
has been severed, thus cutting off communication 
with the brain. 
animalcule (an-im-al'kul) [L. animal'culum\. Any 
minute or microscopic animal organism. 
animalculist (an-im-al'ku-list). One who believes 
in the theory that the undeveloped embryos are 
present in the spermatozoon. Cf. ovist. 
animality (an-im-al'it-e). The distinguishing char- 
acteristics of animals. ANIMALIZED 
84 
ANKYLODACTYLIA 
animalized (an'im-al-izd). Cultivated in the 
animal body or on animal secretions, such as blood, 
milk, etc.: said of bacteria. 
animasa (an-im-a'sah). An extract prepared from 
the media and intima of blood-vessels. Used in 
arteriosclerosis and hypertonia. 
animation (an-im-a'shun). i. The state of being 
alive. 2. Liveliness of spirits, suspended a., a 
temporary state of apparent death. 
anime, animi (an'im-e, an'im-i) [Fr. anime], A 
name of various resins, especially that of Hymen- 
al a couPbaril and II. stilbocar'pa, trees of tropical 
America: at present little used in medicine. 
animin (an'im-in). A substance derived from bone- 
oil. 
animism (an'im-izm) [L. an'ima soul]. The obso- 
lete doctrine that the soul is the source of both 
normal and pathologic processes. 
aniodol (an-i'o-dol). An antiseptic solution of 
trioxymethylene used in sterilizing dressings and 
instruments. 
anion (an'e-on) [Gr. ava up + luv going]. The ele- 
ment which in electrolysis is evolved at the posi- 
tive pole or anode; an ion carrying a charge of 
negative electricity. See ion. The anions include 
all the non-metals, the acid radicals, and the hy- 
droxyl ion. They are indicated by an accent mark 
or a minus sign at the upper right-hand corner of 
the symbol, as Cl' or Cl-. 
anios (an'e-os). A proprietary greenish liquid, used 
as an antiseptic and disinfectant. 
aniridia (an-ir-id'e-ah) [Gr. av priv. 4- iris]. Con- 
genital absence of the iris. 
anisalol (an-is-al'ol). The phenyl ester of anisic 
acid, C6H4(OCH3)CO2C6H5, occurring in colorless 
crystals: antirheumatic and analgesic. Dose, 8- 
15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
anisate (an'is-at). A salt of anisic acid. The 
anisates are antiseptics and antipyretics. 
anisated (an'is-at-ed). Flavored with anise. 
anischuria (an-is-ku're-ah) [Gr. av priv. + laxovpia 
retention of the urine]. Incontinence of the urine; 
enuresis. 
anise (an'is) [L. ani'sum]. The fruit of Pimpi- 
nel'la ani'sum, an umbelliferous plant. It is 
carminative and expectorant, and has a slightly 
stimulant action on the heart. Dose, 10-20 gr. 
(0.666-1.333 gm.). Dose of the water (a'qua 
ani'si), 1-4 dr. (4-15 c.c.); of the essence lessen'- 
tia ani'si), 10-20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.); of the 
volatile oil (o'leum ani'si), 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 
c.c.); of the spirit (spir'itus ani'si), 1-2 dr. (4-8 
c.c.). Chinese a., star-a., the fruit of Illi'cium 
ve'rum or of I. anisa'tum, magnoliaceous trees 
of Asia: the volatile oil is identical with that of 
anise, and is used like it. 
anisic acid (an-is'ik). See under acid. 
anisin (an'is-in). A crystalline alkaloid, C22H24- 
N2O3, from anise. 
anisochromatic (an-i"so-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. av neg. 
+ "laos equal + xP^pa color]. Not of the same 
color throughout: applied to solutions used for 
testing color-blindness, containing two pigments 
which are distinguished by both the normal and 
the color-blind eye. 
anisochromia (an-i-so-kro'me-ah) [Gr. aviaos un- 
equal + xP&pa color]. Variation in the color of 
the red corpuscles due to unequal hemoglobin 
content. 
anisocoria (an-is-o-ko're-ah) [Gr. &viaos unequal 
+ Kopq pupil]. Inequality of t he pupils in diameter. 
anisocytosis (an-i-so-si-to'sis) [Gr. aviaos unequal 
+ kvtos cell]. Inequality in the size of cells, es- 
pecially of the red blood-corpuscles. 
anisogamy (an-i-sog'am-e) [Gr. aviaos unequal + 
yapos marriage]. Sexual conjugation in protozoa 
in which the individuals differ in structure and size. 
anisognathous (an-i-sog'na-thus) [Gr. aviaos un- 
equal + yvaOos jaw]. Having the upper jaw 
much wider relatively than the lower one. 
anisohypercytosis (an-i-so-hi-per-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
aviaos unequal + virep over 4- kvtos cell]. In- 
crease in the number of leukocytes of the blood, 
with abnormality in the proportion of the various 
forms of neutrophile cells. 
anisohypocytosis (an-i-so-hi-po-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
aviaos unequal + vir6 under 4- kvtos cell]. De- 
crease in the number of leukocytes of the blood, 
with abnormality in the proportion of the various 
forms of neutrophile cells. 
anisol (an'is-ol). A fragrant liquid, methylphenyl 
ether, CHsOCrHs, prepared from phenol by heating 
with potassium and methyl iodid. 
anisoleukocytosis (an-i"so-lu-ko-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
aviaos unequal + leukocytosis]. Variability in the 
proportion of the various forms of neutrophile 
leukocytes of the blood. 
anisomelia (an-is-o-me'le-ah) [Gr. aviaos unequal 
+ peXos limb]. Inequality between paired limbs. 
anisomeric (an-i-so-mer'ik). Not isomeric. 
anisome trope (an-i-so-met'rop). A person af- 
fected with anisometropia. 
anisometropia (an"is-o-met-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. aviaos 
unequal + perpov measure + eye]. A differ- 
ence in the refractive power of the two eyes. 
anisometropic (an"is-o-met-rop'ik). Having eyes 
which are unlike in refraction. 
anisonormocytosis (an-i"so-nor-mo-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
aviaos unequal + normocyte]. A condition in 
which the leukocytes of the blood are normal in 
number, but the proportion of the various forms of 
neutrophile cells is abnormal. 
anisopia (an-is-o'pe-ah) [Gr. aviaos unequal 4- 
eye]. Inequality of vision in the two eyes. 
anisospore (an-i'so-spbr) [Gr. aviaos unequal 4* 
airopos spore]. A sexual spore that unites with a 
spore of opposite sex to form an adult. 
anisosthenic (an-is-os-then'ik) [Gr. aviaos unequal 
+ aOevbs strength]. Not having equal strength: 
said of paired muscles. 
anisotonic (an-i-so-ton'ik). Not isotonic; having 
unequal osmotic pressure; either hypotonic or hy- 
pertonic. 
anisotropal, anisotropic (an-is-ot'ro-pal, an-is- 
o-trop'ik) [Gr. aviaos unequal 4- toottos turning]. 
Doubly refracting or having a double polarizing 
power. 
anisum (an-i'sum), gen. ani'si. Latin for anise. 
anisuria (an-i-su're-ah) [Gr. av neg. + laos equal 
+ ovpov urine]. A condition marked by alternating 
oliguria and polyuria. 
anitin (an'it-in). A hydrocarbon and sulphur 
derivative, occurring in the form of a brownish- 
black hygroscopic and germicidal powder. 
anitol (an'it-ol). Any of the compounds of anitin 
with cresols, phenols, etc. They are germicides. 
anitrogenous (ah-ni-troj'en-us). Not nitrogenous, 
ankle (ang'kl). The part of the leg just above 
the foot. a.-bone, the astragalus, cocked a., 
a partial dislocation of the fetlock-joint of a horse, 
tailors' a., an abnormal bursa over the head of 
the fibula in tailors, from pressure caused by sitting 
on the floor with the legs crossed in front. 
ankyloblepharon (ang-kil-o-blef'ar-on) [Gr. 
ayKvXr) noose + fiXeipapov eyelid]. The adhesion 
of the ciliary edges of the eyelid to each other. 
ankylochilia (ang-kil-o-ki'le-ah) [Gr. ayKvXq loop 
+ xeiXos lip]. Adhesion of the lips to each other. 
ankylocolpos, ankylokolpos (ang-kil-o-kol'pos) 
[Gr. ayKvXt] loop 4- koXttos vagina]. Atresia or 
imperforation of the vagina. 
ankylodactylia (ang"kil-o-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. 
ayKvXrj loop 4- SclktvXos finger]. Adhesion of 
fingers or toes to one another. ANKYLOGLOSSIA 
85 
ANOCI-ASSOCIATION 
ankyloglossia, ankyloglossum (ang-kil-o-glos'- 
e-ah, ang-kil-o-glos'um) [Gr. ayKvXi) loop + 
yXuaaa tongue]. Tongue-tie. 
ankylomele (ang-kil-o-me'le) [Gr. ayidXos bent + 
p-qXp probe]. A curved probe. 
ankylophobia (ang-kil-o-fo'be-ah) [ankylosis + 
Gr. <po0os fear]. Morbid fear of ankylosis in 
cases of fracture or joint affection. 
ankylopoietic (ang-ki-lo-poi-et'ik) [Gr. avKvXos 
bent iroiciu to make]. Producing or character- 
ized by ankylosis. 
ankyloproctia (ang-kil-o-prok'she-ah) [Gr. ayKvXr) 
loop 4- TTpwKros anus]. A stricture of the anus. 
ankylosed (ang'kil-ozd). Affected with ankylosis. 
ankylosis (ang-kil-o'sis) [Gr. a7KuXw<m]. Abnor- 
mal _ immobility and consolidation of a joint, 
artificial a., the surgical fixation of a joint; 
arthrodesis, bony a., the abnormal union of 
the bones of a joint: called also true a. extra- 
capsular a., that caused by rigidity of parts 
outside a joint, false a., spurious a., anky- 
losis due to rigidity of the surrounding parts, 
fibrous a., that due to the formation of fibrous 
bands within a joint, intracapsular a., anky- 
losis due to the undue rigidity of structures within 
a joint, ligamentous a., ankylosis by liga- 
ments or fibrous structures, true a. Same as 
bony a. 
Ankylostoma, Ankylostomum (ang-kil-os'to- 
mah, -os-to'mum) [Gr. aynvXos crooked 4- a to pa 
mouth], A genus of nematode parasites. A. 
america'num. Same as Necator americanus. 
A. ceylan'icum, a species infesting felines and 
canines in India. A. duodena'le (Dubini, 1843), 
or hook-worm, a nematode worm, the male being 
10-12 mm. (|-| inch) in length and 0.4 mm. (Aj 
inch) broad, the female somewhat larger. The 
mature parasites inhabit the small intestine, pro- 
ducing the disease ankylostomiasis. 
ankylostomiasis (ang"kil-os-to-mi'as-is). Hook- 
worm disease; a condition due to the presence of 
Ankylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus, 
nematode worms which closely resemble each other. 
The disease occurs in practically all tropical and 
subtropical countries and is especially prevalent in 
the southern United States and in the West Indies. 
In temperate regions it occurs in mines and tunnels 
where conditions of temperature and moisture re- 
semble the tropics. The larvae of the parasite live 
in earth and gain entrance to the digestive tract 
either directly with contaminated food or water, 
or indirectly by way of the skin of the feet or legs. 
The latter infection is followed by a transitory 
eruption known as "ground itch" or "mazamorra." 
The infection is marked by gastro-intestinal dis- 
turbance, abdominal pain, intermittent fever, 
progressive anemia, pallor, and emaciation which 
may be marked or concealed by a dropsical condi- 
tion. Called also dochmiasis, uncinariasis, hook- 
ivorm disease, miners' anemia. St. Gothard's tunnel 
disease, tunnel-anemia, Egyptian chlorosis. 
ankylostomo-anemia (ang-kil-os"to-mo-an-ez- 
me-ah). Ankylostomiasis. 
ankylotia (ang-kil-o'she-ah) [Gr. aynvXT] noose 4- 
ovs ear] Closure of the external meatus of the 
ear. 
ankylotic (ang-kil-ot'ik). Pertaining to or marked 
by ankylosis. 
ankylotome (ang-kil'o-tom) [Gr. ayKvXr) loop 4~ 
roph cut]. A knife for operating upon tongue-tie. 
ankylotomy (ang-kil-ot'o-me) [Gr. ay kvXt) loop 4- 
roph cut]. A cutting operation for curing tongue- 
tie. 
ankylurethria (ang-kil-u-re'thre-ah) [Gr. kyKoXti 
loop 4- urethra]. Stricture of the urethra. 
ankyrism (ang'kir-izm) [Gr. aynvpa hook]. A 
hook-like articulation or suture. 
ankyroid (ang'kir-oid) [Gr. aynvpa hook 4- etbos 
form]. Hook-shaped. 
anlage (an'lah-geh) [Ger. " a laying on "]. The 
embryonic area in which traces of any part first 
appear; the first aggregation of cells which will form 
any distinct part or organ of the embryo. 
Annandale's operation (an'an-dalz) [Thomas 
Annandale, Scotch surgeon, 1838-1907]. See un- 
der operation. 
annatto (an-at'o). See annotto. 
anneal (an-e'l). To temper by heat, as metals, glass, 
or porcelain, in order to render them tougher and 
more easily workable. 
annectent (an-ek'tent) [L. annec'tens]. Connect- 
ing or joining. 
Annelida (an-el'id-ah). A class of metazoan inver- 
tebrates, the red-blooded worms. It contains only 
one class of medical interest, Hirudinea. 
annexa (an-eks'ah). Adnexa. 
annexal (an-eks'al). Adnexal. 
annexitis (an-eks-i'tis). Adnexitis. 
annexopexy (an-eks'o-peks-e). Adnexopexy. 
annidalin (an-id'al-in). Dithymol triiodid: a 
substitute for aristol. 
annotto (an-ot'o). A red color or stain from 
the fruit of Bix'a orella'na, a South American tree; 
used for coloring plasters. 
annuens (an'u-enz) [L. " nodding "]. The rectus 
capitis anticus minor muscle. 
annular (an'u-lar) [L. annula'ris}. Shaped like a 
ring. 
annulorrhaphy (an-u-lor'af-e) [L. an'nidus ring 
4- Gr. suture]. Closure of a hernial ring or 
sac by sutures. 
annulus (an'u-lus), pl. an'nuli. [L.] A ring- 
shaped organ or area. a. abdomina'lis, either 
one of the openings of the inguinal canal, a. 
cilia'ris, the boundary between the iris and the 
choroid, a. conjunctivae [BNA], the con- 
junctival ring. See ring. a. femora'lis [BN 
A], the femoral ring. a. fibrocartilagin'eus 
membranse tym'pani [B N A], the margin of 
attachment of the tympanic membrane, annuli 
fibro'si, rings of fibro-elastic tissue at the roots 
of the cardiac valves, a. fibro'sus flbrocartil- 
ag'inus intervertebra'lis [BNA], the ring 
forming the circumference of an intervertebral 
fibrocartilage. a. hsemorrhoida'lis, an eleva- 
tion over the location of the external sphincter 
muscle, containing the venous anastomoses of 
the hemorrhoidal plexus, a. inguina'lis ab- 
domina'lis [B N A], the internal abdominal 
ring. a. inguina'lis subcuta'neus [BNA], 
the external abdominal ring. a. i'ridis. Same 
as circulus arteriosus iridis. a. mi'grans, a dis- 
ease marked by formation on the tongue of raised 
red patches with a yellow border, which spread 
in eccentric circles over the upper and under sur- 
faces. a. ova'lis, the margin of the septum of 
the foramen ovale of the fetal heart, a. tendin'- 
eus commu nis [B N A]. See Zinn's ligament, 
under ligament, a. tra'cheae, any one of the rings 
of the trachea, a. tympan'icus, the tympanic 
ring. a. umbilica'lis, the umbilical ring. a. 
urethra'lis, a thickening around the urethral 
opening of the bladder formed by a thickening of 
the middle muscular coat. Vieussen's a., 
annulus ovalis. a. zin'nii. See Zinn's ligament, 
under ligament. 
AnOC. Abbreviation for anodal opening contraction. 
anochlesia (an-ok-le'se-ah). 1. Tranquillity. 2. 
Catalepsy. 
anochromasia (an-o-kro-ma'se-ah). Absence of 
the usual staining reaction from a tissue or cell. 
anoci-association (ah-no"se-as-o-se-a'shun) [L. a 
neg. + nocere to injure + association}. The 
blunting of harmful association impulses; a method 
of anesthesia designed to minimize the effect of 
surgical shock. The mind of the patient is calmed 
by an injection of scopolamin and morphin one ANOCIATED 
86 
ANORTHOGRAPHY 
hour before the operation. The general anesthetic 
employed is usually nitrous oxid and oxygen. The 
field of operation is blocked by infiltration with 
novocain and every division of sensitive tissue 
during the operation is preceded by the injection of 
novocain. Sharp dissection and gentle manipula- 
tions are employed. To minimize postoperative 
discomfort in serious cases quinin and urea hydro- 
chlorid solution is injected at some distance from 
the wound (Crile). 
anociated (ah-no'se-a-ted). In a condition of 
anoci-association. 
anociation (ah-no-se-a'shun). Same as anoci- 
association. 
anocithesia (ah-no-se-the'ze-ah) [anoci-association 
+ anesthesia}. Anoci-association. 
anococcygeal (a-no-kok-sij'e-al). Pertaining to 
the anus and coccyx. 
anodal (an-o'dal). Pertaining to the anode. 
anode (an'od) [Gr. dpa up 4- bbbs way]. The posi- 
tive pole of a galvanic battery or other electric 
source. Cf. cathode. 
anodmia (an-od'me-ah) [Gr. dp neg. + bbp-q smell] 
Lack of the sense of smell. 
anodontia (an-o-don'she-ah) [Gr. dp priv. + bbovs 
tooth]. Absence of the teeth. 
anodyne (an'o-dln) [Gr. dp neg. + bbvvq pain]. 1. 
Relieving pain. 2. A medicine that relieves pain. 
The anodynes include opium, morphin, codein, 
ihyoscin, atropin, coniin, ether, lupulin, potas- 
sium bromid. Hoffmann's a., the compound 
■spirit of ether: anodyne and antispasmodic. 
Dose, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.). 
anodynia (an-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. dp neg. + obvvq 
pain]. Freedom from pain. 
anodynone (an-o-di'non). A proprietary prep- 
aration of ethyl chlorid. 
anoesia (an-o-e'ze-ah) [Gr. avoqala]. Want of un- 
derstanding; idiocy. 
anoetic (an-o-et'ik) [Gr. a neg. + pottos thinkable]. 
Not subject to conscious attention. 
anogon (an'o-gbn). Mercury iodobenzoparasulpho- 
nate, used by intramuscular injection in syphilis. 
anoia (an-oi'ah) [Gr. apoia]. Idiocy; amentia. 
anomalogy (an-om-al'o-je). The study of anom- 
alies. 
anomalopia (an-om-al-o'pe-ah) [Gr. bvupaXos irreg- 
ular + bypcs vision]. A relative defect of color 
vision in which the proportions of green required 
to equate red to yellow differ from the norm. 
anomaloscope (an-om'al-o-skbp) [Gr. bvupaXos ir- 
regular -f- aKoireiv to view]. An instrument for 
examining the eye to detect color-blindness. 
anomalotrophy (an-om-al-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. aviopaXos 
irregular + rpoipri nutrition]. Abnormality of 
nutrition. 
anomalous (an-om'al-us) [Gr. dpwAiaXos]. Irregu- 
lar; marked by deviation from the natural order. 
anomaly (an-om'al-e) [Gr. awpaXla]. Marked 
deviation from the normal standard. Freund's 
a., stenosis of the upper thoracic aperture from 
shortening of the first rib, resulting in deficient 
expansion of the apex of the lung. 
anomia (ah-no'me-ah) [Gr. a neg. + ovopa name]. 
Loss of the power of naming objects or of recog- 
nizing names. 
anonacein (an-o-na'se-in). An alkaloid of Hylopia 
athiopica, an African aphrodisiac. 
anonychia (an-o-nik'e-ah) [Gr. dp neg. + owl- nail]. 
Congenital absence of a nail or nails. 
anonymous (an-on'im-us). Nameless; innominate, 
anobpsia (an-o-op'se-ah) [Gr. dpw up + d>^ eye]. 
An upward strabismus. 
Anopheles (an-of'el-ez) [Gr. avaxpcXqs hurtful], 
A genus of mosquitos characterized by long slender 
palpi, nearly as long as the beak and by holding 
the body at an angle with the surface on which it 
rests while the head and beak is in line with the 
body, whose members are the hosts of malarial 
parasites, their bite being the means of transmit- 
ting malaria. See mosquito and malaria. The 
species known to carry malaria and their habitats 
are as follows: A. albima'nus, tropical America. 
A. al'bipes, tropical America. A. argyrotar'sus, 
tropical America. A. bancrof'ti, Australia. A. 
costa'lis, Africa. A. cruci'ans, southern United 
States. A. cvlicifa'cies, India. A. Junes'ta, Africa. 
A. listo'ni, China, India, Japan. A. ludlo'm, East 
Indies and the Philippines. A. maculipen'nis, 
Europe. A. punctipen'nis, temperate America. A. 
quadrimacula'tus. North America. A. sinen'sis, 
China, India, and Japan. A. ste'vensi, India. A. 
umbro'sius, Malay. A. wiUmo'ri, Malay. A. bi- 
furca'tus, a European species which passes the 
winter in the larval state. A. cru'zi, a species in 
Brazil which breeds only in the water accumulated 
in certain leaves. A. eise'ni, a species of Central 
America which breeds only in tree holes. A. 
nigerri'nus, a species believed by some to trans- 
mit Filaria bancrofti. 
anophelicide (an-of-el'is-id) [anopheles + L. 
cce'dere to kill]. Destructive to anopheles. 
anophelifuge (an-of-el'if-uj) [anopheles + L. 
fuga're to put to flight]. Preventing the bite 
or attack of anopheles. 
Anophelinse (an-of-il-i'ne). A subfamily of the 
Culicida, or mosquitos, including several genera 
whose members act as carriers of the malarial 
parasite. The most important genera are Anoph- 
eles, Myzomyia, Pyretophorus, Myzorhynchus, 
Nyssorhynchus, and Cellia. 
anopheline (an-of'il-in). Pertaining to or caused 
by mosquitos of the subfamily Anophelina. 
anophelism (an-of'el-izm). Infestation of a dis- 
trict with anopheles. 
anophoria (an-o-fo're-ah) [Gr. dpa upward + 
<fepeiv to bear]. * See anotropia. 
anophthalmia (an-of-thal'me-ah) [Gr. dp priv. + 
o<p0aXp6s eye]. Congenital absence of the eyes, 
a. cyclop'ica, a rudimentary condition of both 
the eye-socket and orbit. 
anophthalmos, anophthalmus (an-of-thal'- 
mos, -mus) [Gr. av neg. + cxpOaXubs eye], i. Con- 
genital absence of the eyes. 2. A person born with 
no eyes. 
anopia (an-o'pe-ah) [Gr. a.v priv. + eye]. 1. 
Absence or rudimentary condition of the eye. 
2. Defect of vision. 3. Anobpsia. 
Anoplura (an-o-plu'rah). A suborder of the Hemip- 
tera characterized by the absence of wings. It in- 
cludes only two genera of medical interest, Pedi- 
cutus and Phthirius. 
anopsia (an-op'se-ah) [Gr. av neg. + bj/is vision]. 
1. Disuse of vision (e. g., amblyopia ex anopsia). 
Should not be used for blindness or weak sight 
(Hirschberg). 2. Anobpsia. 
anorchia, anorchidism, anorchism (an-or'ke- 
ah, an-or'kid-izm, an'or-kizm) [Gr. dp priv. + 
opxis testis]. Congenital absence of the testes. 
anorchus (an-or'kus) [Gr. av without + bpx^ tes- 
tis], A person with no testes or with undescended 
testes. 
anorectal (a-no-rek'tal). Pertaining to the anus 
and rectum. 
anorexia (an-o-rek'se-ah) [Gr dp without + opefys 
appetite]. Lack or loss of the appetite for food, 
a. nervo'sa, a serious nervous affection of the 
stomach in which the patient loses his appetite 
and systematically takes but little food. 
anorganology (an-or-gan-ol'o-je). The study of 
non-living things; abiology. 
anorthography (an-or-thogTaf-e) [Gr. dp neg. + 
6p6bs straight + ypatpetv to write]. Motor agra- 
phia; loss of power of writing correctly. ANORTHOPIA 
87 
ANTE MORTEM 
anorthopia (an-or-tho'pe-ah) [Gr. ar priv. 4- opGbs 
straight 4- ofits vision]. Distorted vision. 
anorthoscope (an-or'tho-skop) [Gr. ar priv. 4- 
bpdbs straight 4- uKoireir to view]. An instru- 
ment for combining two disconnected pictures in 
one perfect visual image. 
anoscope (a'no-skop) [a'nus 4- Gr. aKorreir to view]. 
A speculum for examining the lower rectum. 
anosmatic (an-oz-mat'ik) [Gr. ar neg. 4- bapaetr to 
smell]. Having no sense of smell, or only an 
imperfect sense of smell. 
anosmia (an-oz'me-ah) [Gr. ar neg. 4- bapr) smell]. 
.Absence of the sense of smell, a. gustato'ria, 
the loss of the power to smell foods which are being 
eaten, a. respirato'ria, loss of smell due to nasal 
obstruction. 
anosmic (an-oz'mik). Having no sense of smell, 
anosodiaphoria (an-o"so-di-af-o're-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
4- ratios disease 4- biatpopla difference]. Indiffer- 
ence to the existence of disease. 
anosognosia (an-o-so-gno'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4~ 
rbtios disease 4- yrtbais knowledge]. Ignorance 
of the existence of disease. 
anosphrasia, anosphresia (an-os-fra'ze-ah, -fre'- 
se ah) ;Gr. ar priv. 4- bappaala smell]. Absence of 
the sense of smell. 
anospinal (a-no-spi'nal). Pertaining to the anus 
and the spinal cord. 
anostosis (an-os-to'sis) [Gr. ar priv. 4- bareor bone]. 
Defective development of bone. 
anotia (an-o'she-ah) [see anotus]. Congenital ab- 
sence of the ears. 
anotropia (an-o-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. aru upward 4- 
Tpeiretr to turn]. A condition in which the visual 
axes tend to rise above the object looked at: 
called also anophoria. 
anotus (an-o'tus) [Gr. ar neg. 4- ovs ear]. An 
earless fetus. 
anovarism (an-o'var-izm) [Gr. ar neg. 4- ovary]. 
Absence of the ovaries. 
anovesical (a-no-ves'ik-al) [L. a'nus fundament 
4- vesi'ea bladder]. Pertaining to the anus and 
bladder. 
anoxemia, anoxhemia, anoxyemia (an-oks-e'- 
me-ah, an-oks-he'me-ah, an-oks-e-e'me-ah) [Gr. ar 
neg. 4- oxygen 4* Gr. al pa blood]. Deficient aera- 
tion of the blood; deficiency in the oxygen content 
of the blood. Called also oxygen-want. 
anoxemic (an-ok-se'mik). Characterized by or due 
to a lack of the normal proportion of oxygen in 
the blood. 
anoxoluin, anoxolym (an-oks-ol'u-in, an-oks-ol'e- 
in). A substance, insoluble in glacial acetic acid, 
occurring in albumin, fibrin, casein, and globulin. 
anozol (an-o'zol). A mixture of iodoform and 
thymol: used as a substitute for iodoform. 
ansa (an'sah), pl. an'see [L. " handle "]. Any loop- 
like structure, a. cap'itis, the zygomatic arch. 
Haller's a., the loop formed by the nerve which 
connects the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves, 
a. of Henle. Same as Henle's loop. Seeunder loop. 
a. hypoglos'si, a loop in the neck formed by the 
descendenshypoglossi nerve, a. lenticula'ris, a 
tract between the crusta and the lenticular nucleus, 
a. nervo'rum spina'lium IB N A], loops of the 
spinal nerves joining the anterior spinal nerves, 
a. pedunculaTis, the portion of the brain to 
the ventral side of the thalamus, a. of Reil. 
Same as a. peduncularis. a. sacra'lis, the loop 
that connects the ganglion impar with the trunks 
of the sympathetic nerve, a. subcla'via, a. of 
Vieussens, a small nerve extending between the 
middle and inferior cervical, or first dorsal, ganglia, 
and making a loop around the subclavian artery. 
Wrisberg's a., a nerve that connects the right 
great splanchnic and right pneumogastric nerves. 
ansate (an'sat) [L. ansa'tus, from an'sa handle]. 
Having a handle, a. commissure, a. fissure. 
See commissure, fissure. 
anserine (an'ser-in) [L. anseri'nus]. Pertaining 
to or like a goose. 
Anstie's limit or rule, test (an'stez) [Francis 
Edmund Anstie, English physician, 1833-1874]. 
See under rule and test. 
antacetin (ant-as-e'tin). Potassium saccharate: 
used as an antidote for poisoning by mineral 
acids; also in dyspepsia and tenia. 
antacid (an-tas'id) [L. an'ti against 4* a'cidus 
sour], 1. Correcting acidity. 2. A substance 
that counteracts or neutralizes acidity. 
antacidin (an-tas'id-in). Calcium saccharate: some- 
times prescribed for rheumatism. 
antagonism (an-tag'on-izm) [Gr. array car tapa 
struggle]. Opposition or contrariety, as between 
muscles, medicines, or organisms. 
antagonist (an-tag'on-ist) [Gr. drrayurtarrjs}. A 
medicine or a muscle which counteracts the 
effects of another medicine or muscle, asso- 
ciated a's act upon different parts, and by their 
combined action move the parts in parallel di- 
rections. direct a's act on the same part, and 
by their combined action keep the part at rest. 
antalgesic (ant-al-je'sik). Antalgic. 
antalgic (ant-al'jik) [Gr. arri against + aXyos 
pain]. 1. Relieving pain. 2. A remedy for pain. 
antalgin (ant-al'jin). Same as tocanalgin. 
antalkaline (ant-al'kal-in) [Gr. arri against 4- 
alkali]. 1. Neutralizing alkalinity. 2. An agent 
that neutralizes the alkalis. 
antaphrodisiac (ant"af-ro-diz'e-ak). 1. Abro- 
gating the sexual instinct. 2. An agent that 
allays sexual impulses. 
antapoplectic (ant"ap-o-plek'tik) [Gr. avrl against 
4- airoTrXrfcia apoplexy]. Good against apoplexy. 
antarthritic (ant-ar-thrit'ik) [Gr. arri against 4- 
apOpi.TiKos gouty]. 1. Good against gout. 2. A 
remedy for gout. 
antasthenic (ant-as-then'ik) [Gr. avrl against 4- 
aadereta weakness]. Restoring the strength. 
antasthmatic (ant-ast-mat'ik) [Gr. avrl against 4- 
arid pa asthma]. 1. Affording relief in asthma. 2. 
A medicine that relieves the spasm of asthma. 
antatrophic (ant-at-rof'ik). Correcting or op- 
posing the progress of atrophy. 
antebrachium (an-te-bra'ke-um) [L. an'te before 
+ bra'chium arm]. The forearm. 
antecardium (an-te-kar'de-um). The pit of the 
stomach. See anticardium. 
ante cibuin (an'te si'bum). Latin for " before 
meals." 
antecornu (an-te-kor'nu). The cornu of a lateral 
ventricle of the brain. 
antecubital (an-te-ku'bit-al). Situated in front of 
the cubitus or forearm. 
antecurvature (an-te-kur'vat-ur) [L. an'te before 
+ curvatu'ra bend]. A slight anteflexion. 
antefebrile (an-te-feb'ril) [L. an'te before + fe'bris 
fever]. Before the onset of fever. 
anteflexion (an-te-flek'shun) [L. an'te before 4- 
Jlex'io bend]. An abnormal forward curvature; 
a form of displacement in which the upper part 
of the organ is bent forward. 
antehypophysis (an-te-hi-pof'is-is). The anterior 
lobe of the hypophysis or pituitary body. 
antelocation (an"te-lo-ka'shun) [L. an'te before 
-f- loca'tio placement]. The forward displace- 
ment of an organ. 
antemesin (ant-e-mes'in). A proprietary remedy 
for nausea, dyspepsia, etc. 
antemetic (ant-em-et'ik) [Gr. arri against 4- eper- 
ikos emetic]. 1. Relieving nausea or vomiting. 
2. An agent that prevents or relieves vomiting. 
ante mortem (an'te mor'tem). Latin for " before 
death." ANTENATAL 
88 
ANTHRAX 
antenatal (an-te-na'tal) [L. an'te before + na'lus 
born]. Occurring or formed before birth. 
antenna (an-ten'ah), pl. anten'nce. A feeler of an 
arthropod; one of the two lateral appendages on the 
anterior segment of the head of arthropods. 
ante partum (an'te par'tum). Latin for " before 
delivery." 
antephialtic (ant"ef-e-al'tik) [Gr. avrl against + 
ecpiaXT-qs nightmare]. Good against or preventing 
nightmare. 
anteposition (an-te-po-zish'un). Forward dis- 
placement, as of the uterus. 
anteprostate (an-te-pros'tat) [L. an'te before + 
prostate]. One of Cowper's glands. 
anteprostatitis (an"te-pros-ta-ti'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of Cowper's glands. 
antepyretic (an"te-pi-ret'ik) [L. an'te before + 
pyretic]. Performed before the stage of traumatic 
fever. 
anteriad (an-te're-ad). Toward the anterior surface 
of the body. 
anterior (an-te're-or). Situated in front of or in 
the forward part of; affecting the forward part 
of an organ. 
antero- [L. anle'rior before]. A prefix signifying 
" before." 
anteroclusion (an"ter-o-klu'zhun). See mesio- 
clusion. 
antero-external (an"ter-o-ex-ter'nal). Situated 
on the front and to the outer side. 
anterograde (an'ter-o-grad) [antero- + L. gre'di 
to go]. Moving or extending backward. 
antero-inferior (an"ter-o-in-fe're-or). Situated in 
front and below. 
antero-internal (an"ter-o-in-ter'nal). In front 
and on the inner side. 
anterolateral (an"te-ro-lat'er-al). Situated before 
and to one side. 
anteromedian (an"te-ro-me'de-an). Situated in 
front and on the median line. 
anteroposterior (an"ter-o-pos-te're-or). Extend- 
ing from before backward. 
anterosuperior (an"ter-o-su-pe 're-or). Situated 
in front and above. 
anteroventral (an''ter-o-ven'tral). Situated in 
front and toward the ventral surface. 
anteversion (an-te-ver'shun) [L. an'te before -|- 
ver'sio a turning]. The forward tipping or tilt- 
ing of an organ; displacement in which the organ 
is tipped forward, but is not bent at an angle, as 
in anteflexion. 
anteverted (an-te-ver'ted). Tipped or bent for- 
ward. 
antexed (an-text'). Bent forward. 
antexion (an-tek'shun). A spinal lesion fixed in the 
position of forward bending. 
anthelix (an'the-Iiks) [anti- 4- helix]. The inner 
curved ridge of the external ear. 
anthelminthic (an-thel-min'thik). Anthelmintic, 
anthelmintic (an-thel-min'tik) [Gr. &vri against + 
'IXplus worm]. 1. Destructive to worms. 2. A 
remedy for worms. 
anthelotic (ant-he-lot'ik) [Gr. avrl against + 
17X0S nail]. Good for corns; a remedy for corns. 
Anthemis (an'the-mis) [L.; Gr. acquis]. 1. A 
genus of composite-flowered plants. 2. The 
flower-heads of A. nob'ilis, or common camomile: 
tonic and febrifuge, and used in coughs, spas- 
modic conditions in infants, and as a stomachic 
tonic. Dose of infusion, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.); 
of extract, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.); of pow- 
dered drug, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.); of volatile oil, 
2-10 min. (0.133-0.666 c.c.). 
anthemorrhagic (ant"hem-or-aj'ik) [Gr. &vri 
against + hemorrhage]. Preventing or arresting 
hemorrhage. 
anther (an'ther) [Gr. avOypis blooming]. The male 
sexual organ in a flowering plant; it is the portion 
of the stamen which contains the pollen sacs. 
antheridium (an-ther-id'e-um). The male organ 
of a cryptogamic plant taking part in the forma- 
tion of sexually produced spores. Cf. archegonium. 
antherozoid (an'ther-o-zoid). The body, produced 
by splitting up of the antheridium, which fertilizes 
the oosporangium. 
antherpetic (ant-her-pet'ik). Curing or prevent- 
ing herpes. 
Anthomy'ia canicula'ris. A small black house- 
fly, the larvae of which sometimes infest the intes- 
tine of man. 
anthophobia (an-tho-fo'be-ah) [Gr. avOos flower + 
<pb^os fear]. A morbid dislike or dread of flowers. 
anthorisma (an-thor-iz'mah) [Gr. avri against + 
opiapa boundary], A diffuse swelling. 
anthracemia (an-thrah-se'me-ah) [Gr. avdpa^ coal 
+ aljua blood], i. Asphyxia from carbon mon- 
oxid poisoning. 2. The presence of Bacil'lus an- 
thra'cis in the blood. 
anthracene (an'thrah-sen). 1. A colorless, crystal- 
line hydrocarbon, C14H10 = C6H4 '"J^C6H4, 
from coal-tar: used in the manufacture of anthra- 
cene dyes. It is slightly soluble in ether and alco- 
hol, and freely soluble in hot vinegar. 2. A ptomain 
obtained from cultures of the bacillus of anthrax. 
anthracia (an-thra'she-ah) [L. an'thrax carbuncle]. 
A diseased condition characterized by the forma- 
tion of carbuncles. 
anthracic (an-thras'ik). Pertaining to or resem- 
bling anthrax. 
anthracin (an'thras-in). A poisonous ptomain 
from anthrax cultures. ' x 
anthracoid (an'thrak-oid) [Gr. audpa^ coal -f* 
ei3os form]. Resembling anthrax or a carbuncle. 
anthracometer (an-thrak-om'et-er) [Gr. avdpa^ 
coal + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the carbon dioxid of the air. 
anthraconecrosis (an"thrak-o-nek-ro'sis) [Gr. 
avOpal; coal + veKpwais death]. Necrotic trans- 
formation of a tissue into a black, dry mass. 
anthracosis (an-thrah-ko'sis) [Gr. avOp&Kwvis]. 
1. A malignant ulcer. 2. Lung disease produced 
by inhaled coal-dust; pneumokoniosis or miners' 
lung. 
anthracotic (an-thrak-ot'ik). Pertaining to or 
affected with anthrax. 
anthragallol (an-thrah-gal'ol). A product of the 
interaction of gallic, benzoic, and sulphuric acids. 
It is trihydroxyanthraquinone, CuHsOj. 
anthraquinone (an-thrah-kwin'6n). A yellow 
substance, CeH^CO^CeHj, from anthracene. 
anthrarobin (an-thrah-ro'bin) [anthracene + va- 
roba], A yellowish-white powder from alizarin, 
C6II4 : C(OH).CH : C6H2(OH)2. It is insolubl; in 
water, but soluble in alcohol and dilute alkfline 
solutions, and is useful in psoriasis and various >kin 
diseases in 10 to 20 per cent, ointment. 
anthrasol (an'thra-sol). A preparation of coal- 
tar freed from pitch and coloring-matter and 
juniper tar: used in skin diseases in a 5 to 15 per 
cent, ointment. 
anthrax (an'thraks) [Gr. avOpa^ coal, carbuncle], 
1. A carbuncle. See carbuncle. 2. Same as 
malignant a. cerebral a., anthrax in which the 
bacilli invade the brain, intestinal a., a severe 
form of anthrax in which the intestine is affected, 
malignant a., a fatal infectious disease of 
cattle and sheep, due to Bacil'lus anthra'cis, and 
characterized by the formation of hard edema or 
ulcers at the point of inoculation and by symptoms 
of collapse. It may occur in man. Called also 
contagious anthrax, splenic fever, woolsorters' disease, 
ragsorters' disease, malignant pustule, milzbrand. ANTHROPOGENY 
89 
ANTIBIOTIC 
>and charbon. pulmonary a., a form of anthrax 
due to inhalation of dust containing Bacil'lus 
anthra'cis. Called also woolsorters' disease, symp- 
tomatic a., a disease of cattle characterized by 
emphysematous and subcutaneous swellings and 
nodules and caused by Bacillus (Clostridium) 
chauvcei. Called also blackleg, quarter-evil, black 
quarter, black spaul, rauschbrand, and bloody 
murrain. 
anthropogeny (an-thro-poj'en-e) [Gr. avOputros 
man + yevvav to produce]. The evolution and 
development of man. 
anthropography (an-thro-pog'raf-e) [Gr. avOpunros 
man 4- ypaipeiv to write]. That branch of an- 
thropology which deals with the distribution of the 
varieties of man, as distinguished by physical 
character, institutions, customs, etc. Cf. ethmog- 
raphy. 
anthropoid (an'thro-poid) [Gr. avOpaiiros man 4- 
elbos form]. Having the form of a man. 
Anthropoidea (an-thro-poi'de-ah). [See anthro- 
poid} A suborder of primates, including man and 
the monkeys, as distinguished from the lemurs. 
anthropology (an-thro-pol'o-je) [Gr. Mpuiros 
man + Xbyos discourse]. The natural history of 
mankind; the science that treats of man. crim- 
inal a., the science of criminals (Lombroso). 
anthropometer (an-thro-pom'et-er). An instru- 
ment for measuring the height and sitting height. 
anthropometry (an-thro-pom'et-re) [Gr. avOpwos 
man 4- perpov measure]. The science which 
deals with the measurement of the size, weight, 
and proportions of the human body. 
anthroponomy (an-thro-pon'o-me) [Gr. avOpwros 
man 4- vbpos law]. The science that deals with 
the laws of human development in relation to 
environment and to other organisms. 
anthropophagy (an-thro-pof'aj-e) [Gr. avOp&iros 
man 4- tpayeiv to eat]. Cannibalism; also a 
sexual perversion with cannibalistic tendencies. 
anthropophobia (an"thro-po-fo'be-ah) [Gr. av- 
Opcoiros man 4- <po^os fear]. Morbid dread of 
human society. 
anthroposomatology (an"thro-po-so-mat-ol'- 
o-je) [Gr. auOpwiros man 4" adipa body 4- Xbyos 
discourse]. The sum of knowledge regarding the 
human body. 
anthropotomy (an-thro-pot'o-me) [Gr. avOpwiros 
man 4- ropq cut]. Human anatomy. 
anthropotoxin (an-thro-po-tok'sin) [Gr. auOpwiros 
man 4- toxin]. A poison said to be excreted by 
the human lungs. 
anthydropic (ant-hi-drop'ik) [Gr. &ptl against 4- 
vbpcoTrLKos dropsical]. Curing or relieving dropsy. 
anthypnotic (ant-hip-not'ik) [Gr. avri against 4- 
vtcvos sleep]. Preventing or hindering sleep. 
anthysteric (ant-his-ter'ik). See antihysteric. 
anti- [Gr. avri against]. A prefix signifying against, 
antiabric (an-ti-a'brik). Resisting the poisonous 
effects of abrin. 
antiabrin (an-te-a'brin). An antitoxin produced 
in the blood after the exhibition of abrin. 
antiaditis (an-te-ad-i'tis) [Gr. a^nas tonsil 4- -ms 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the tonsils. 
antiagglutinating (an"te-ag-lu'tin-a-ting). Pre- 
venting agglutination. 
antiagglutinin (an"te-ag-lu'tin-in). A substance 
that opposes the action of an agglutinin. 
antiaggressin (an"te-ag-res'in). A substance 
formed in the body by repeated injection of an 
aggressin, and tending to oppose the action of 
the aggressin. 
antialbumate, antialbuminate (an-te-al'bu- 
mat, an-te-al-bu'min-at) [anti 4- albumin]. Para- 
peptone; a product of the incomplete digestion 
of albumin. It resists digestion by pepsin, but 
is digested by trypsin, the pancreatic ferment 
changing it into antipeptone. 
antialbumid (an-te-al'bu-mid). Same as antial- 
bumate. 
antialbumin (an-te-al-bu'min). A constituent of 
albumin which is changed by gastric digestion 
into antialbumose. 
antialbumose (an-te-al'bu-mos). One of the al- 
bumoses formed by the action of gastric digestion 
on albumin. It is converted into antipeptone 
during digestion. 
antialexin (an-te-al-ek'sin). A substance which 
opposes the action of alexin. 
antiamboceptor (an-te-am'bo-sep-tor). A sub- 
stance which opposes the action of an amboceptor. 
Called also anti-immune body. 
antiamylase (an-te-am'il-as). A substance counter- 
acting the action of amylase. 
antianaphylactin (an-te-an-af-il-ak'tin). An 
antibody which counteracts an anaphylactin. 
antianaphylaxis (an"te-an-ah-fi-lak'sis). A con- 
dition in highly immunized animals in which an- 
aphylactic phenomena do not occur because the 
free antibody in the blood prevents the antigen 
from reaching the sensitized cells. Called anergy 
and desensitization. 
antiantibody (an-te-an'te-bod-e). An antibody 
produced in an animal by the injection of an anti- 
body from another animal. 
antiantidote (an-te-an'te-dot). A substance that 
counteracts the action of an antidote. 
antiantienzyme (an-te-an-te-en'zlm). A sup- 
posed substance formed in the body to prevent 
the undue accumulation of antienzyme. 
antiantitoxin (an-te-an-te-toks'in). An anti- 
body, formed in immunization with an antitoxin,, 
which counteracts the effect of the latter. 
antiapoplectic (an"te-ap-op-lek'tik). Affording 
relief in or preventing apoplexy. 
antiarachnolysin (an"te-ar-ak-nol'is-in). A 
substance counteracting the poison of the spider. 
antiarin (an-te'ar-in). An intensely poisonous 
principle, CuH2o05 4- 2H2O, from upas-poison: 
a heart depressant. Dose, gr. (0.00065 gm.). 
Antiaris (an-te-a'ris) [Javanese antiar], A genus 
of artocarpous trees. A. toxica'ria is the upas-tree 
of Java: exceedingly poisonous. 
antiarsenin (an-te-ar'sen-in). A non-arsenical 
substance developed in the body by immunizing 
doses of arsenous acid. 
antiarthrin (an-te-aPthrin). A brownish powder 
consisting of salicin with roasted horse-chestnut 
added to disguise the taste: used in uric-acid 
diathesis in doses of 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
antiarthritic (an"te-ar-thrit'ik). Curing or re- 
lieving gout. 
antiasthmatic (an"te-ast-mat'ik). Same as ant- 
asthmatic. 
antiautolysin (an-te-aw-tol'is-in). A substance 
which opposes the action of autolysin. 
antibacterial (an"te-bak-te're-al). Checking the 
growth of bacteria. 
antibacterin (an-te-bak'te-rin). A pale yellow 
liquid used in tuberculosis by inhaling. It is 
said to contain boric acid, solution of ferric chlorid, 
and spirit of chloric ether. 
antibacteriolytic (an"te-bak-te-re-o-lit'ik). Coun- 
teracting bacteriolytic action. 
antibechic (an-te-bek'ik) [Gr. avri against 4* 
cough]. Relieving a cough; curing coughs. 
antiberberin (an-te-ber'ber-in). A blackish liquid 
preparation from rice: used in beriberi. 
antibilious (an-te-bil'yus). Good against bilious 
conditions. 
antibiosis (an-te-bi-o'sis) [Gr. &vrl against 4- /3ios 
life]. An association between two or more organ- 
isms which is detrimental to one of them. 
antibiotic (an"te-bi-ot'ik) [Gr. 6,vrl against + 0ios 
life]. Destructive of life. ANTIBLASTIC 
90 
ANTIDOTE 
antiblastic (an-te-blas'tik) [Gr. avrl against + 
PXaaros germ]. Characterized by the retardation 
of bacterial growth. 
antiblennorrhagic (an"te-blen-or-aj'ik). Pre- 
venting or relieving gonorrhea. 
antibody (an'te-bod-e). The specific body produced 
by the cells of a host in reaction against an antigen; 
a substance in the blood and tissue juices of animals 
rendered immune by inoculation, and exerting a 
specific antagonistic influence on the substance 
under the influence of which it was formed. The 
antibodies include amboceptors, agglutinins, anti- 
enzymes, antitoxins, bacteriolysins, cytotoxins, 
hemolysins, opsonins, and precipitins. anaph- 
ylactic a., a substance formed as a result of the 
first injection of a foreign protein and responsible 
for the anaphylactic symptoms following the 
second injection of the same protein. See sen- 
sibilisin. sensitizing a. See amboceptor. 
antibrachium (an-te-bra'ke-um). See antebra- 
chium. 
antibromic (an-te-bro'mik) [Gr. avri against + 
(ip&pos smell]. Deodorant: overcoming ill smells, 
antibrule (an'te-brul). A proprietary antiseptic 
and antipruritic: used for burns, scalds, skin dis- 
eases, etc. 
antibubonic (an-te-bu-bon'ik). Good against bu- 
bonic plague. 
anticalculous (an-te-kal'ku-lus). Good against 
calculus. 
anticancrin (an-te-kan'krin). Same as cancroin. 
anticardium (an-te-kar'de-um) [Gr. avri against 
+ Kapbla heart]. The pit of the stomach, or 
scrobiculus cordis. 
anticarious (an-te-ka're-us). Preventive of caries, 
anticatalase (an-te-kat'al-as). An antibody having 
an antagonistic action on catalase. 
anticatalist, anticatalyzer (an-te-kat'al-ist, 
an-te-kat'al-i-zer). A substance that retards the 
action of a catalyzer by acting on the catalyzer 
itself. 
anticataphylactic (an"te-kat-af-il-ak'tik). In- 
terfering with cataphylaxis. 
anticataphylaxis (an"te-kat-af-il-ak'sis). The 
condition in which cataphylaxis is inhibited. 
anticatarrhal (an"te-kat-ar'al). Curing or re- 
lieving catarrh. 
anticathode (an-te-kath'od). The part of a vacu- 
um tube opposite the cathode. 
anticeltina (an-te-sel-ti'nah). A compound of 
mercury and urea, used in diseases of the cornea 
and iris. 
anticephalalgic (an-te-sef-al-al'jik). Curing or 
preventing headache. 
anticheirotonus (an"te-ki-rot'o-nus) [Gr. avri- 
Xeip thumb + twos tension]. Spasmodic inflection 
of the thumb. 
antichloren (an-te-klor'en). A proprietary mer- 
cury albuminate used in syphilis. Dose, J gr. (0.01 
gm.). 
antichlorotic (an"te-klo-rot'ik). Useful as a 
remedy for chlorosis. 
anticholagogue (an-te-ko'lag-og). Restraining 
the function of the liver. 
anticholerin (an-te-kol'er-in) [Gr. &vri against + 
XoXepa cholera]. A substance from cultures of 
the cholera bacillus: used against cholera. 
antichoromanic (an"te-ko-ro-ma'nik). Useful 
against dancing mania and spasms. 
antichymosin (an-te-ki'mo-sin). An antibody 
which prevents the action of chymosin on milk. 
anticipate (an-tis'ip-at) [L. an'te before + cap'ere 
to take]. To occur or recur before the regular 
time. 
anticlinal (an-te-kli'nal) [Gr. avrl against + 
KXivecv to slope]. Sloping in opposite directions. 
anticloudine (an-te-klow'den). A proprietary 
paste for preventing moisture, stain, dampness, 
etc., from affecting glass or nickel instruments. 
anticnemion (an-tik-ne'me-on) [Gr. avri against 
+ Kv-rjpi) leg]. The shin. 
anticoagulative (an-te-ko-ag'u-lat-iv). Prevent- 
ing or opposing coagulation. 
anticoagulin (an-te-ko-ag'u-lin). A substance 
formed in the body and having an action antago- 
nistic to that of coagulin. 
anticomplement (an-te-kom'ple-ment). A sub- 
stance that opposes or counteracts the action of a 
complement. 
anticomplementary (an-te-kom-ple-men'tar-e). 
Capable of reducing or destroying the power of a 
complement. 
anticonvulsive (an"te-kon-vul'siv). Good against 
convulsions. 
anticor (an'te-kor). A swelling or slough in the 
neck of a horse, caused by irritation of the harness. 
anticornutin (an"te-kor-nu'tin). i. Topasol G. 
II, a therapeutic preparation of zinc and copper 
ferrosulphates: antiseptic. 2. Topasol G. IV, an 
antiseptic preparation of iron, zinc, and calcium 
sulphates. 
anticoroin (an"te-ko-ro'in). Topasol G. V, an 
antiseptic preparation of iron, zinc, and magne- 
sium sulphates. 
anticreatinin (an"te-kre-at'in-in). A leukomain 
of the creatinin group, derived from creatinin. 
anticrisis (an-te-kri'sis). Anything that interferes 
with the occurrence of a crisis. 
anticritical (an-te-krit'ik-al). Relieving or pre- 
venting a crisis. 
anticrotin (an-te-kro'tin). The antitoxin of cro- 
tin: the toxin of Croton tiglium. 
anticus (an-ti'kus). Latin for anterior. 
anticutin (an-te-ku'tin) [L. anti against + cutane- 
ous reaction}. An antibody in the blood of certain 
tuberculous persons which, when added to tuber- 
culin, neutralizes the latter so that it will not pro- 
duce the cutaneous reaction. 
anticyclic acid (an-te-sik'lik). See acid. 
anticytolysin (an-te-si-tol'is-in). Same as anti- 
cy to toxin. 
anticytost (an-te-si'tost). An antibody which pro- 
duces immunity to cytost. 
1 anticytotoxin (an"te-si-to-toks'in). V substance 
that opposes the action of a cytotoxin. 
antidiabetic (an-te-di-ab-et'ik). Preventing or 
curing diabetes. 
antidiabetin (an"te-di-ab-e'tin). A sugar for 
diabetics, composed of saccharin and mannite. 
antidiastase (an-te-di'as-tas). A substance formed 
in the blood-serum on the injection of a diastase 
which opposes the action of the diastase. 
antidinic (an-te-din'ik) [Gr. avri against + 8tvos 
whirl]. Curing or preventing vertigo. 
antidiphtherin (an-te-dif'the-rin) [Gr. arriagainst 
+ diphtheria], A derivative from cultures of the 
diphtheria bacillus: used against diphtheria. 
antidiphtheritic (an"te-dif-ther-it'ik). Counter- 
acting diphtheria. 
antidiphtheriticon (an"te-dif-ther-it'ik-on). A 
mixture of oil of birch (5 parts), oil of beech (3 
parts), potassium sulphid (5 parts), potassium 
carbonate (1 part), and alcohol (70 parts): used 
as a remedy for diphtheria. 
antidolorin (an-te-do-lor'in) [Gr. avri against + L. 
do'lor pain]. A proprietary preparation of ethyl 
chlorid. 
antidotal (an-te-do'tal). Serving as an antidote. 
antidote (an'te-dot) [L. antido'tum, from Gr. avri 
against + btbovat to give]. A remedy for coun- 
teracting a poison, a. against arsenic, hy- 
drated oxid of iron with magnesia, chemic ANTIDROMIC 
91 
ANTIKETOGENESIS 
• a., one that changes the chemic nature of the 
poison. Hall a., a solution of 7.35 parts of 
potassium iodid and 4 parts of quinin hydrochlorid 
in 480 parts of water: used as an antidote for mer- 
curic chlorid poisoning, mechanic a., one that 
prevents the absorption of a poison, physiologic 
a., one that counteracts the effects of a poison by 
producing other effects, universal a., a solution 
of 1 part of iron sulphate in 2 parts of magnesia 
water. 
antidromic (an-te-drom'ik) [Gr. dvrl opposite + 
bpbpos race-course]. Conducting impulses in a 
direction opposite to the normal: said of nerve- 
fibers. 
antidynamic (an"te-di-nam'ik) [Gr. dvrl against 
4- bvvapcs force]. Reducing the strength. 
antidyscratic (an"te-dis-krat'ik) [Gr. dvrl against 
4- bvaKpaaia bad temperament]. Good against 
a dyscrasia. 
antidysenteric (an"te-dis-en-ter'ik). Relieving, 
curing, or preventing dysentery. 
antidysentericum (an"te-dis-en-ter'ik-um). A 
preparation of myrobalan, pelletierin, extract 
of rose, extract of pomegranate, and gum arabic: 
used in chronic diarrhea and in dysentery. 
antiemetic (an"te-e-met'ik). Arresting or pre- 
venting emesis or vomiting; relieving nausea. 
antiemulsin (an-te-e-mul'sin). An immune serum 
counteracting emulsin. 
antiendotoxic (an-te-en-do-tok'sik). Counter- 
acting the effect of endotoxins. 
antiendotoxin (an"te-en-do-toks'in). An anti- 
body which counteracts the endotoxin of bacteria, 
antienzyme (an-te-en'zim) [Gr. dvrl against 4- 
enzyme], 1. An agent that neutralizes an enzyme: 
formed in the blood-serum of an animal on the 
injection of the enzyme. 2. An enzyme which 
neutralizes the action of another enzyme. 
antiepithelial (an-te-ep-e-the'le-al). Destructive 
to epithelial cells. 
antifebrile (an-te-feb'ril) [anti- 4- L. fe'bris fever]. 
Allaying or diminishing fever. 
antifebrin (an-te-feb'rin). Same as acetanilid. 
antiferment (an-te-fer'ment). An agent that hin- 
ders or prevents the action of a ferment. 
antifermentative (an"te-fer-men'ta-tiv). Check- 
ing a fermentation process. 
antifertilizin (an-te-fer'til-i-zin). A substance 
which neutralizes fertilizin. 
antiformin (an-te-for'min). A proprietary mix- 
ture of an alkaline hypochlorite and an alkaline 
hydrate: used as a disinfectant. It does not injure 
tubercle bacilli and is used in isolating the latter. 
antifungin (an-te-fun'jin). Magnesium borate, 
Mg(BO2)2-2Mg(OH)2.7H2O; a white powder, soluble 
in hot water. It is used as a gargle in diphtheria. 
antifungoid (an-te-fun'goid). Good against fun- 
goid organisms. 
antigalactic (an"te-gal-ak'tik) [Gr. dvrl against 4- 
yaXa milk]. Diminishing the secretion of milk. 
antigen (an'te-jen) [antibody 4- Gr. yev to form]. 
1. A substance that causes the formation of anti- 
bodies; a substance which has the power of 
inducing, in the animal organism, under suitable 
conditions, the formation of antibodies. The 
antigens include toxins, ferments, precipitogens, 
agglutinogens, opsogens, lysogens, venins, ag- 
glutinins, complements, opsonins, amboceptors, 
precipitins, and most native proteins. 2. The 
basic substance used in complement-fixation reac- 
tions. acetone-insoluble a., an antigen for 
the Wassermann reaction consisting of the acetone- 
insoluble constituents of an alcoholic extract of 
beef heart, beef heart a., an antigen for the 
Wassermann reaction made by extracting fresh 
normal beef heart tissue with absolute alcohol. 
The fresh normal hearts of guinea-pigs, rabbits, and 
humans are also used, cholesterinized a., 
beef heart antigen to which has been added 0.4 per 
cent, of cholesterin. Hitchens and Hansen's 
a., cultures of meningococcus are grown on salt- 
free agar, suspended in water, precipitated with 
alcohol, then with ether, dried, and rubbed up in 
a mortar with physiologic salt solution for use. 
Sach's a., an antigen consisting of a cholesterin- 
ized alcoholic extract of beef's heart. 
antigenic (an-te-jen'ik). Having the properties of 
an antigen. 
antigenophil (an-te-jen'o-fil). Antigentophil. 
antigentophil (an-te-jen'to-fil) [antigen + Gr. 
<pc\eiv to love]. Having an affinity for the anti- 
gen; said of that group of an amboceptor which 
attaches to the antigen or specific cell. 
antigermin (an-te-jer'min). A disinfectant prep- 
aration of copper and an acid. 
antiglobulin (an-te-glob'u-lin). A precipitin which 
precipitates globulin. 
antiglyoxalase (an-te-gli-oks'il-as). A substance 
existing in the pancreas which antagonizes gly- 
oxalase. 
antigonorrheic (an"te-gon-o-re'ik). Good against 
gonorrhea. 
antihelix (an-te-he'liks). See anthelix. 
antihemagglutinin (an"te-hem-ag-lu'tin-in). A 
substance whose action is antagonistic to hemag- 
glutinin. 
antihemicranin (an"te-hem-ik'ran-in). Same as 
antimigraine. 
antihemolysin (an"te-he-mol'is-in). Any agent 
which opposes the action of a hemolysin. 
antihemolytic (an"te-hem-o-lit'ik). Preventing 
hemolysis. 
antihemorrhagic (an-te-hem-o-raj'ik). Stopping 
hemorrhage. 
antiheterolysin (an-te-het-er-ol'is-in). An anti- 
body formed on immunization with a heterolysin. 
antihidrotic (an"te-hi-drot'ik). Anhidrotic. 
antihormone (an-te-hor'mon). A substance which 
neutralizes the action of a hormone. 
antihydrophobic (an-te-hi-dro-fo'bik). Prevent- 
ing or curing hydrophobia. 
antihydropic (an"te-hi-drop'ik) [anti- 4- hy- 
dropic], Relieving dropsical conditions. 
antihydropin (an-te-hi'dro-pin). A crystalline 
diuretic substance obtained from cockroaches. 
Dose, 10-15 8r- (0.666-1 gm.). 
antihygienic (an-te-hi-je-en'ik). Opposed to hy- 
gienic principles. 
antihysteric (an"te-his-ter'ik). Relieving hysteria, 
anti-icteric (an"te-ik-ter'ik). Relieving icterus or 
jaundice." 
anti-immune (an-te-im-un'). Acting so as to pre- 
vent immunity, a. substance. Same as anti- 
amboceptor. 
anti-isolysin (an-te-i-sol'is-in). A substance that 
counteracts an isolysin. 
anti-itis (an-te-i'tis). A proprietary cataplasm 
used in treating inflammations in veterinary prac- 
tice. 
antikamnia (an-te-kam'ne-ah) [Gr. dvrl against 4- 
Kapvetv to suffer], A proprietary antipyretic and 
analgesic remedy, said to contain sodium bicar- 
bonate, caffein, and acetanilid. Dose, 4-10 gr. 
(0.266-0.666 gm.). 
antikataphylactic (an"te-kat-af-il-ak'tik). In- 
terfering with kataphylaxis. 
antikenotoxin (an-te-ken-o-toks'in). A substance 
which inhibits the action of kenotoxin. It is 
formed when kenotoxin is injected into the body. 
antiketogen (an-te-ke'to-jen). A substance which 
produces antiketogenesis. 
antiketogenesis (an-te-ke-to-jen'es-is). The 
prevention of the development of ketones; reduc- 
tion of ketones. ANTIKETOGENETIC 
92 
ANTIMONY 
antiketogenetic (an"te-ke-to-jen-et'ik). Anti- 
ketogenic. 
antiketogenic (an-te-ke-to-jen'ik). Preventing or 
decreasing the formation of ketones. 
antiketoplastic (an-te-ke-to-plas'tik). Same as 
antiketogenic. 
antikinase (an-te-ki'nas). An antibody thought 
to inhibit the action of kinase. 
antikinesis (an-te-kin-e'sis) [Gr. avri against + 
KLwqa is movement]. The tendency of organisms 
to resist and lean in an opposite direction to a 
dragging rotary force, e. g., on a slowly revolving 
plane (Dubois, 1898). 
antikol (an'tik-ol). A proprietary antipyretic 
remedy, reputed to consist of acetanilid, sodium 
bicarbonate, and tartaric acid. Dose, 3-10 gr. 
(0.2-0.6 gm.). 
antilab (an'te-lab). Same as antirennin. 
antilactase (an-te-lak'tas). An antienzyme that 
counteracts lactase. 
antilactoserum (an"te-lak-to-se'rum). A serum 
which inhibits the action of lactoserum. 
antilemic, antiloemic (an-te-le'mik) [Gr. avri 
against + Xoipos plague]. Effective against the 
plague. 
antileprol (an-te-lep'rol). A proprietary purified 
form of chaulmoogra oil, for use in leprosy. 
antilepsis (an-te-lep'sis) [Gr. a receiving 
in return]. Revulsive or derivative treatment. 
antileptic (an-te-lep'tik) [see antilepsis]. Revulsive, 
antilethargic (an"te-leth-ar'jik). Hindering sleep; 
overcoming a tendency to lethargy. 
antileukocidin (an-te-lu-ko'si-din). The anti- 
toxin for the leukocytic poison of the staphylo- 
coccus. 
antileukotoxin (an"te-lu-ko-tok'sin). Same as 
antileukocidin. 
antilipase (an-te-lip'as). A substance counter- 
acting a lipase. 
antilipoid (an-te-li'poid). An antibody having the 
power of reacting with any of the lipoids. 
antilithic (an-te-lith'ik) [Gr. avri against + XlSos 
stone]. Preventing the formation of stone or 
calculus. 
antilobium (an-te-lo'be-um) [L.; Gr. avriXb^tov]. 
The tragus of the ear. 
antilogia (an-te-lo'je-ah) [Gr. avri against + Xoyos 
reason]. A combination of contradictory symp- 
toms rendering diagnosis uncertain. 
antiluetic (an"te-lu-et'ik). Antisyphilitic. 
antiluetin (an-te-lu'et-in). Potassium ammonium 
antimonic bitartrate, SbO(C4H4O6)2K(NH4)2.H2O, 
recommended for syphilis. 
antilusin (an-te-lu'sin). An antilytic serum used 
in gastric and intestinal ulceration. 
antilypyrin (an"te-le-pi'rin). A product of heating 
1 part of acetanilid with 2 parts of antipyrin: 
antipyretic and analgesic. Dose, 7-8 gr. (0.462- 
0.518 gm.). 
antilysin (an-te-li'sin) [see anti- and lysin], A 
substance formed in the blood of an animal im- 
munized against a disease, and neutralizing the 
lysins produced by the bacteria of the disease, so 
that the alexins are able to destroy the bacteria. 
antilysis (an-til'is-is). The action of antilysins. 
antilyssic (an-te-lis'ik) [Gr. avri against + Xvaaa 
rabies]. Tending to cure rabies. 
antilytic (an-te-lit'ik). Pertaining to antilysis. 
antimalarial (an-te-mal-a're-al). Curing or pre- 
venting malaria. 
antimaniacal (an-te-ma-ni'ak-al). Good against 
mania. 
antimedical (an-te-med'ik-al). Inconsistent with 
the principles of medical science. 
antimellin (an-te-mel'in). A glucosid from jam- 
bul: used in diabetes. 
antimephitic (an-te-mef-it'ik). Purifying the at- 
mosphere. 
antimere (an'te-mer) [Gr. avri against + pepos a 
part]. One of the opposite corresponding parts 
of an organism which are symmetric with re- 
spect to the longitudinal axis of its body. Cf. 
metamere. 
antimeristem (an-te-me-ris'tem). A preparation 
of a fungus, Mucor racemus malignus, grown on 
malignant tumors of animals: used in treating 
cancer. 
antimetropia (an"te-met-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. avri 
against + perpov measure + eye], Hyper- 
metropia in one eye with myopia in the other. 
antimiasmatic (an"te-mi-az-mat'ik) [Gr. avri 
against + piaapa miasm]. Serviceable against 
miasmatic disorders. 
antimicrobic (an"te-mi-kro'bik). Checking the 
growth of microbes. 
antimicrobin (an-te-mi-kro'bin). i. An antibody 
in serum which destroys bacteria themselves. 
2. A proprietary whooping-cough remedy given 
by inhalation. 
antimigraine (an"te-me-gran') [anti- + mi- 
graine]. A proprietary headache mixture. Dose, 
10-20 gr. (0.6-1.2 gm.). 
antimonial (an-tim-o'ne-al). Pertaining to or 
containing antimony. 
antimonic (an-te-mon'ik). Containing antimony 
in its pentad valency. 
antimonid (an-te-mo'nid). Any binary compound 
of antimony. 
antimonious (an-te-mo'ne-us). Containing anti- 
mony in its triad valency. 
antimonium (an-te-mo'ne-um). Latin for anti- 
mony. a. diaphoret'icum, a compound of anti- 
moniate, nitrate, and sulphate of potassium: dia- 
phoretic and laxative. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.66-2 
grn.). 
antimony (an'tim-o-ne) [L. antimo'nium or stib'- 
ium], A crystalline metallic element with a 
bluish luster, symbol Sb, atomic weight 120.2, 
forming various medicinal and poisonous salts. 
These salts are arterial and heart depressants, and 
have emetic and diaphoretic properties; in large 
doses they are gastro-intestinal irritants. a. 
anilin-tartrate, SbO.C6H5(NH2)C4H4O6, a less 
toxic substitute for tartar emetic for intravenous 
chemotherapy, a. chlor id, a deliquescent sub- 
stance, SbClj, which is used as a caustic for small 
tumors and poisoned wounds; called also butter 
of antimony, compound pills of a., or Plum- 
mer's pills, contain | gr. each of calomel and 
sulphurated antimony. a. oxid, antimonic 
oxid, Sb2O3, a white-gray powder. Dose, 1-2 gr. 
(0.066-0.133 gm.), a. oxysulphid, kermes 
mineral. Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.06-0.13 gm.), a. 
pentasulphid, antimonic sulphid, Sb2S5, a 
golden-yellow compound, a. and potassium 
tartrate, tartar emetic, a colorless, crystalline 
compound, 2K(SbO)C4H4Oa + H20, soluble in 
water and having locally a marked irritant effect. 
It is used internally as an emetic and as an ex- 
pectorant in laryngitis, bronchitis, and pneu- 
monia. Dose, as an emetic, 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 
gm.); as an expectorant, gr. (0.003-0.006 gm.), 
powder of a., or James' powder, contains 1 part 
of antimonious oxid and 2 parts of calcium phos- 
phate. It is a diaphoretic, emetic, and cathartic. 
Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.), a. and sodium 
tartrate, Na(SbO)C4H4O6.|H2O, used in try- 
panosomiasis and other tropical diseases. Intra- 
venous dose, j-i gr. (?) a. sulphid, the impure 
antimonium trisulphid, Sb2S3. Dose, j-3 gr. 
(0.033-0.2 gm.). The purified antimony sulphid is 
given in the dose of 4-i gr. (0.016-0.066 gm.), 
a. trioxid, white antimony or antimonious 
oxid, Sb2O3, is given in the dose of 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.25 
gm.), wine of a. (vi'num antimo'nii), a solution 
of antimonium and potassium tartrates in wine: ANTIMONYL-ANILIN TARTRATE 
93 
ANTIPSORIC 
' diaphoretic and expectorant. Dose, 1-5 min. 
(0.066-0.333 c.c.). 
antimonyl-anilin tartrate. A yellow, crystal- 
line substance, used in trypanosomiasis. 
antimorphin (an-te-mor'fin). A proprietary solu- 
tion of disodium sulphate: used as a cure for 
the morphin habit. 
antimucorin (an"te-mu-ko'rin). Topasol G. Ill, 
a therapeutic preparation of iron and zinc sul- 
phates: antiseptic. 
antimycotic (an"te-mi-kot'ik). Same as antibac- 
terial. 
antinarcotic (an"te-nar-kot'ik). Serviceable 
against narcotism. 
antinarcotin (an"te-nar'ko-tin). A proprietary 
remedy for the cure of morphinism and kindred 
habits. 
antinephritic (an"te-ne-frit'ik). Serviceable in 
kidney diseases. 
antinervin (an-te-ner'vin). Salbromalid; a mix- 
ture of bromacetanilid and salicylanilid: a remedy 
for neuralgia. Dose, 10-15 gr- (0.666-1 gm.). 
antineuralgic (an"te-nu-ral'jik). Relieving neu- 
ralgia. 
antineuritic (an-te-nu-rit'ik). Counteracting 
neuritis. 
antineuronist (an-te-nu'ron-ist). An anatomist 
who is opposed to the neuron theory. 
antineurotoxin (an"te-nu-ro-tok'sin). A sub- 
stance that counteracts a neurotoxin. 
antiniad (an-tin'e-ad). Toward the antinion. 
antinion (an-tin'e-on) [Gr. dvri against + Iviov 
occiput]. The frontal pole of the head; the median 
frontal point farthest from the inion. 
antinonnin (an-te-non'nin). Potassium dinitro- 
cresylate, C6H2(NO2)2CH3OK: used as a disin- 
fectant, to destroy molds, and to prevent putre- 
faction. 
antinosin (an-te-no'sin) [Gr. dv-rt against fl- vbaos 
disease]. The sodium salt of tetraiodophenolthalein, 
CO.O.CglD.CfCelhU.ONa^, a greenish-blue pow- 
der, having a faint odor of iodin: used as an ex- 
ternal antiseptic in solutions of 1 :1000. 
antiodontalgic (an-te-o-don-tal'jik). Relieving 
toothache. 
antiopiumist (an-te-o'pe-um-ist). One who is 
opposed to the use of opium. 
antiopsonin (an-te-op'so-nin). A substance that 
has an inhibitory influence on opsonins. 
antiorgan (an-te-or'gan). Directed against the 
tissues of an organ, as antiorgan ferment. 
antiotomy (an-te-ot'o-me) [Gr. dvr ids tonsil + 
repveiv to cut]. Excision of the tonsils. 
antioxidase (an-te-oks'id-as). A substance which 
counteracts oxidase. 
antioxidation (an-te-ok-sid-a'shun). The preven- 
tion of oxidation. 
antioxygen (an-te-ok'sig-en). A substance which 
hinders oxidation. 
antiparalytic (an"te-par-al-it'ik) [anti- + paral- 
ysis}. Relieving paralytic conditions. 
antiparasitic (an"te-par-as-it'ik). Destructive to 
parasites; an agent destructive to parasites. 
antiparasitin (an"te-par-as'it-in). A prepara- 
tion of potassium dinitrocresylate: used to destroy 
insect parasites. 
antiparastata (an"te-par-as'tat-ah) [Gr. dvrl 
against + irapaardTr/s testis]. Cowper's glands. 
antiparastatitis (an"te-par-as-tat-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of Cowper's glands. 
antipathic (an-te-path'ik) [Gr. dvrl against + 
irddos feeling]. Of diverse nature. 
antipathogen (an-te-path'o-jen). Any substance 
which acts against a pathogen or morbific agent. 
antipathy (an-tip'ath-e) [Gr. dvrl against + irddos 
affection]. An opposing quality or property. 
antipepsin (an-te-pep'sin). An antienzyme that 
neutralizes the action of pepsin. 
antipeptone (an-te-pep'ton). A peptone derived 
from antialbumose by digestion (Kiihne). 
antiperiodic (an"te-pe-re-od'ik). Serviceable 
against malarial or periodic recurrence. 
antiperiostin (an-te-per-e-os'tin). A proprietary 
preparation for the treatment of exostoses, galls, 
splint spavin, etc., in veterinary practice. 
antiperistalsis (an"te-per-is-tal'sis). Peristaltic 
action proceeding from below upward. 
antiperistaltic (an"te-per-is-tal'tik). Diminishing 
peristaltic action. 
antiperonosporin (an"te-per-o-nos'po-rin). Top- 
asol G. I, a therapeutic preparation of zinc and 
copper sulphates: antiseptic. 
antiphagin (an-te-fa'jin). A specific component of 
virulent bacteria which renders them resistant to 
phagocytosis. 
antiphagocytic (an"te-fag-o-sit'ik). Counteract- 
ing or opposing phagocytosis. 
antiphlogistic (an"te-flo-jis'tik). i. Counteract- 
ing inflammation and fever. 2. An agent so 
acting. 
antiphlogistin (an"te-flo-jis'tin). A proprietary 
preparation used as an anodyne, antiseptic, anti- 
phlogistic, and as a surgical dressing. 
antiphone (an'te-fon) [Gr. dvrl before + <pwq 
voice]. An instrument to be worn in the auditory 
meatus to protect the ear from noises. 
antiphrynolysin (an"te-frin-ol'is-in). The anti- 
venene for the toxin of toad venom. 
antiphthisic (an-tif-thiz'ik or an-te-tiz'ik). Check- 
ing or relieving phthisis. 
antiphthisin (an-tif'the-sin). An extractive from 
cultures of tubercle bacilli, containing 0.5 per 
cent, of cresol: used in treatment of phthisis. 
Called also sozalbumin. 
antiphymin (an-te-fi'min) [Gr. dvrl against + 
<pvpa growth]. A preparation of formaldehyd, 
ozone, sulphur dioxid, etc., forced into water 
under high pressure. Used by inhalation in 
tuberculosis. 
antiphytosin (an"te-fi-to'sin). A therapeutic 
preparation resembling tuberculin. 
antiplague (an-te-plag'). Preventing or curing the 
plague. 
antiplastic (an-te-plas'tik) [Gr. dvrl against -]- 
irXdaaav to form], 1. Unfavorable to the healing 
process. 2. An agent that impoverishes the blood. 
antiplatelet (an-te-plat'let). Having a destructive 
action on blood-platelets. 
antipnein (an-te-pne'in). A substance which 
counteracts pnein. 
antipneumin (an-te-nu'min) [Gr. avrl against + 
irvevpa gas]. A substance occurring in animal 
tissues which diminishes the gaseous exchanges in 
muscle (Battelli and Stern, 1911). 
antipneumococcic (an"te-nu-mo-kok'sik). De- 
stroying pneumococci. See under serum. 
antipneumotoxin (an"te-nu-mo-tok'sin). An 
antitoxin that antagonizes pneumotoxin. 
antipodagric (an-te-po-dag/rik). Curing gout. 
antipodal cell (an-tip'o-dal). See cell. 
antiprecipitin (an-te-pre-sip'it-in). A substance 
antagonistic in its action to precipitin. 
antiprostate (an-te-pros'tat). See anteprostate. 
antiprostatitis (an"te-pros-tat-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of Cowper's glands. 
antiprothrombin (an-te-pro-throm'bin). A hy- 
pothetical substance which retards or prevents 
coagulation by opposing the activation of pro- 
thrombin to thrombin. 
antipruritic (an"te-pru-rit'ik). Relieving or 
preventing itching. 
antipsoric (an-tip-so'rik) [Gr. dvrl against + xp&pa 
itch]. -Curative of the itch. ANTI PUTREFACTIVE 
94 
ANTISPASMODIC 
an tiputref active (an"te-pu-tre-fak'tiv). Good 
against putrefaction. 
antiputrol (an-te-pu'trol). A proprietary anti- 
septic. 
antipyic (an-te-pi'ik) [Gr. avri against 4- ttvov 
pus]. Preventing or restraining suppuration. 
antipyogenic (an"te-pi-o-jen'ik) [Gr. avri against 
4* irvov pus 4- yevvav to form]. Preventing or 
hindering the development of pus. 
antipyonin (an-te-pi'on-in) [Gr. avri against 4- 
ttvov pus]. Sodium tetraborate or metaborate, 
NaBC>2.H2O, a white, smooth powder, soluble in 
water and not caustic: used in keratitis and con- 
junctivitis. 
antipyralgos (an"te-pi-ral'gos). A proprietary 
analgesic and antipyretic agent. 
antipyresis (an"te-pi-re'sis) [Gr. avri against 4- 
Trypeoffeiv to have a fever]. The therapeutic use 
of antipyretics. 
antipyretic (an"te-pi-ret'ik) [Gr. avri against 4- 
■nvperos fever]. 1. Relieving fever; cooling, or 
febrifugal. 2. A febrifuge or remedy for fever. 
The principal antipyretics are cold, diaphoretics, 
such as aconite, tartar emetic, etc., quinin, sali- 
cylic acid, antipyrin, acetanilid, phenacetin, 
hydroquinon, etc. 
antipyrin (an-te-pi'rin) [Gr. avri against 4- irvp 
fire], A grayish or reddish crystalline basic coal- 
tar derivative, phenyldimethylpyrazolone, C11H12- 
N2O. It is soluble in water, chloroform, and alco- 
hol: it is antipyretic, antirheumatic, and analgesic, 
and is used in typhoid fever, pneumonia, phthi- 
sis, rheumatism, and neuralgia. Dose, 5-10 gr. 
(0.333-0.666 gm.), a. acetylsalicylate, aceto- 
pyrin. a. amygdalate, a salt of antipyrin: used 
in treatment of whooping-cough. Dose, j-6 gr. 
(0.049-0.4 gm.), a. benzoate, benzopyrin, a. 
camphorate, an antipyretic compound used in 
night-sweats, a. mandelate, a salt of antipyrin: 
a non-poisonous antipyretic. See tussol. a. 
meta-oxybenzoate, a liquid salt of antipyrin, 
a. monobromid, bromopyrin, a. paraoxy- 
benzoate, a crystalline salt of antipyrin, a. 
salicylate. Same as salipyrin. a. tannate, 
a yellowish, tasteless powder, insoluble in water, 
and containing 37 per cent, of antipyrin. 
antipyrinomania (an-te-pi"rin-o-ma'ne-ah) [an- 
tipyrin 4- Gr. pavia madness]. Insanity from ex- 
cessive use of antipyrin. 
antipyretic (an"te-pi-rot'ik) [Gr. bvri against 4- 
irvpiotns a burning]. 1. Good against burns. 2. 
An agent that cures burns. 
antirabic (an-te-ra'bik). Preventive of or curing 
rabies; antilyssic. 
antirachitic (an"te-rak-it'ik). Curative or cor- 
rective of rickets. 
antirennin (an-te-ren'in). An antienzyme formed 
in the blood-serum of animals injected with rennin. 
It counteracts the rennin and prevents coagulation 
of milk. 
antirheumatic (an"te-ru-mat'ik) [anti- 4- rheu- 
matic]. Relieving or preventing rheumatism. 
antirheumatin (an-te-ru'mat-in). 1. A blue, crys- 
talline compound, a combination of sodium sali- 
cylate and methylene-blue. It is soluble in water 
and alcohol, and is used as an antirheumatic. 
It gives a blue color to the urine. Dose, 1-1$ 
gr. (0.066-0.1 gm.). 2. An ointment containing 
fluorphenol (1 part), difluordiphenol (4 parts), 
wool-fat (85 parts), and vaselin (10 parts): used 
in influenza and rheumatism. 
antirheumol (an-te-ru'mol). A neutral 20 per 
cent, solution of salicylic acid glycerin ester in 
glycerin and dilutecl alcohol: used as a liniment for 
rheutnatism. 
antiricin (an-te-ri'sin). An antitoxin produced 
in the blood after the exhibition of ricin. 
antirobin (an-te-ro'bin). The antitoxin of robin, 
a poison of the locust tree. 
Antirrhinum (an-tir-ri'num) [L.; Gr. bvrlppivov]. 
A genus of scrophulariaceous plants. A. lina'- 
ria, the toad-flax: a scrophulariaceous herb; 
used homeopathically. A. vulgaris, snap- 
dragon, toad-flax, or ramsted, is purgative and 
diuretic. 
antiscabin (an-te-ska'bin). A mixture of Peru- 
vian balsam, boric acid, soap, beta-naphthol, 
alcohol, and glycerin: a remedy for scabies. 
antiscabious (an-te-ska'be-us) [L. an'ti against 
+ sca'bies itch]. Curative of the itch. 
antisclerosin (an-te-skle-ro'sin). A preparation of 
inorganic salts, sodium chlorid, sodium sulphate, 
calcium glycerophosphate, magnesium phosphate, 
sodium carbonate, and sodium phosphate: used 
in arteriosclerosis for lessening intra-arterial pres- 
sure. 
antiscorbutic (an"te-skor-bu'tik) [Gr. avri against 
+ scorbutus]. Correcting or curing scurvy. 
antisensibilisin (an-te-sen-sib-il'iz-in). A hypo- 
thetic substance in proteins which on second in- 
jection unites with the sensibilisin and produces 
anaphylactic shock. 
antisensitizer (an-te-sen'sit-i-zer). Same as ar.- 
tiamboceptor. 
antisepsin (an-te-sep'sin). Monobromacetanilid or 
acetbromanilid, a crystalline compound, C6H4Br.- 
NH.CO.CH3: antipyretic, antiseptic, anti anal- 
gesic. Dose, 6-7 gr. (0.4-0.466 gm.). Called also 
asepsin. 
antisepsis (an-te-sep'sis) [Gr. avri against 4- 
putrefaction]. Exclusion of the germs that 
cause putrefaction. 
antiseptic (an-te-sep'tik). 1. Preventing decay 
or putrefaction. 2. A substance that will inhibit 
the growth of micro-organisms without necessarily 
destroying them. Cf. disinfectant. Some of the 
chief antiseptics are alcohol, boric acid, phenol, 
creosote, corrosive sublimate, common salt, char- 
coal, chlorin, tannic acid, sugar, and vinegar. 
Crede's a., silver citrate. Dakin's a. See 
Dakin's fluid, under fluid, and chlor azene. Lister ' s 
a., mercury-zinc cyanid. 
antisepticin (an-te-sep'tis-in). A proprietary anti- 
septic compound of thyme, peppermint, eucal- 
yptol, and benzoboric acid. 
antisepticism (an-te-sep'tis-izm). The system- 
atic employment of antiseptic agents. 
antisepticize (an-te-sep'tis-iz). To render anti- 
septic. 
antiseptiform (an-te-sep'tif-orm). A formalde- 
hyd preparation - used as an atmospheric deodor- 
izer and disinfectant. 
antiseptin (an-te-sep'tin). A whitish powder, said 
to be a mixture of zinc iodid, zinc sulphate, boric 
acid, and thymol: used as an antiseptic in wounds, 
gonorrhea, and skin diseases. 
antiseptol (an-te-sep'tol). Cinchonin iodosul- 
phate: a reddish powder, used externally like 
aristol; internal dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.). 
antiserum (an-te-se'rum). A serum, containing 
specific antibodies, obtained from the blood of an 
animal that has received repeated doses of an an- 
tigen or that has recovered from an infection. 
antisialic (an"te-si-al'ik) [Gr. avri against 4- 
alaXov saliva]. 1. Checking the flow of saliva. 
2. An agent that checks the secretion of saliva. 
antisialogogue (an"te-si-al'o-gog). Checking the 
flow of saliva. 
antisideric (an"te-sid-er'ik) [Gr. avri against 4- 
al8r)pos iron]. Incompatible with iron. 
antispasmin (an-te-spaz'min). A whitish, hygro- 
scopic powder, being a combination of narcein- 
sodium and sodium salicylate. It is used as an 
antispasmodic, sedative, and hypnotic in laryn- 
gismus stridulus, whooping-cough, irritating cough, 
etc. Dose, |-2 gr. (0.033-0.13 gm.). 
antispasmodic (an"te-spaz-mod'ik). 1. Relieving 
spasm. 2. An agent that relieves spasm. Some ANTISPASTIC 
95 
ANTIURATIC 
''of the chief antispasmodics are alcohol, ammo- 
nia, belladonna, camphor, castor, chloroform, 
conium, ether, musk, potassium bromid, sumbul, 
and valerian. 
antispastic (an-te-spas'tik). Same as antispas- 
modic. 
antispermotoxin (an"te-sper-mo-tok'sin). A sub- 
stance that opposes the action of a spermotoxin. 
antispirochetic (an'Te-spi-ro-ket'ik). Good 
against a spirocheta. 
antisplenetic (an"te-sple-net'ik). Useful in 
spleen diseases. t 
antistalsis (an-te-stal'sis). A backward move- 
ment of the bowel contents. 
antistaphylococcic (an"te-staf-il-o-kok'sik). De- 
stroying staphylococci. 
antistaphylolysin (an"te-staf-il-ol'is-in). A sub- 
stance in the blood-serum which opposes the 
action of staphylolysin. 
antisteapsin (an"te-ste-ap'sin). An antibody which 
counteracts steapsin. 
antistreptococcic (an"te-strep-to-kok'sik). An- 
tagonistic to streptococci. 
antistreptococcin (an"te-strep-to-kok'sin). The 
antitoxin of streptococcus: used in erysipelas and 
septicemia. 
antisubstance (an-te-sub'stanz). Same as anti- 
body. 
antisudoral, antisudorific (an"te-su'dor-al, an"- 
te-su-dor-if'ik) [anti- + L. su'dor sweat]. Pre- 
venting or giving relief to excessive sweating. 
antisudorin (an"te-su'do-rin). A proprietary rem- 
edy to correct excessive sweating. 
antisyphilitic (an"te-sif-il-it'ik) [Gr. avri against 
+ syphilitic]. 1. Useful in cases of syphilis. 2. 
A remedy for syphilis. 
antitabetic (an"te-tab-et'ik). Directed against or 
curative of tabes dorsalis. 
antitetanic (an"te-tet-an'ik). Preventing or cur- 
ing tetanus. 
antitetanin (an"te-tet'an-in). An antitoxin to the 
poison of tetanus. • 
antitetanolysin (an"te-tet-an-ol'is-in). The an- 
tibody to tetanolysin. 
antitetraizin (an"te-tet-ra'iz-in). A quinin de- 
rivative: used in neuralgia and influenza. Dose, 
3-4 gr. (0.2-0.26 gm.). 
antithenar (an-tith'e-nar) [Gr. avri against + 
Oevap palm, sole]. Situated opposite to the palm 
or the sole. 
antithermic (an-te-ther'mik) [Gr. avri against + 
Oeppr) heat]. Antipyretic; antifebrile. 
antithermin (an-te-ther'min) [Gr. avri against + 
Oeppi) heat]. A crystalline coal-tar derivative, 
C6H6(NH)2.CO(CH2)2.CO.CH3, or phenylhydrazin- 
levulinic acid: used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, 
and analgesic, but should be employed with cau- 
tion. Dose, 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 gm.). 
antithermolin (an-te-ther'mo-lin). A proprietary 
preparation used as an anodyne and antiphlogistic 
application. 
antithrombin (an-te-throm'bin) [Gr. ^vri against 
+ thrombin]. An antibody, supposed to exist in 
the blood, which prevents coagulation. 
antithyroidin (an-te-thi-roi'din). An amber- 
colored fluid made from the serum of sheep from 
which the thyroid has been removed: used in ex- 
ophthalmic goiter (Moebius). Dose, 8-20 min. 
(0.52-1.25 c.c.). 
antitonic (an-te-ton'ik). Reducing tone or ton- 
icity. 
antitoxic (an-te-tok'sik). Good against a poison, 
antitoxigen (an-te-tok'sij-en) [antitoxin + Gr. 
yevvdv to produce]. Any substance that pro- 
duces or increases antitoxin in the blood. 
antitoxin (an-te-tok'sin) [Gr. avri against + 
to^lkov poison]. A substance found in the blood- 
serum and in other body fluids which is specifically 
antagonistic to some particular toxin. Antitoxins 
are sometimes found in small amount normally, 
but they may be greatly increased by injecting the 
corresponding toxin, animal a's, antitoxins 
which neutralize animal poisons or venoms, such as 
those of snakes, spiders, eels, wasps, scorpions, fish, 
salamanders, and toads, artificial a., an anti- 
toxin obtained by passing an electric current 
through infected bouillon, bacterial a's, anti- 
toxins which neutralize the bacterial toxins, espe- 
cially those of diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, dys- 
entery, and the war-wound anaerobes, botulism 
a., an antitoxin found in the blood of animals that 
have been injected with botulism toxin. Bull 
and Pritchett's a. See under serum, concen- 
trated a., antitoxin which has been concentrated 
by precipitation of inert materials with ammonium 
sulphate, diphtheria a., the antitoxin which 
will suppress the harmful effect of diphtheria toxin. 
It is found normally in small amounts in various 
animals and in man; in larger amount^ in persons 
who have recovered from an attack of diphtheria; 
and can be produced in enormous amount and po- 
tency for use as a therapeutic agent by injecting 
animals (usually horses) with diphtheria toxin. 
Dunbar's a., an antitoxin from the pollen of rag- 
weed, goldenrod, rye, etc., used in the treatment 
of hay-fever, normal a., a serum capable of 
neutralizing an equal quantity of normal toxin 
solution, plant a's, antitoxins which neutralize 
the vegetable poisons, especially ricin, abrin, robin, 
and crotin. streptococcus a. See antistrepto- 
coccus serum, under serum, tetanus a., the anti- 
toxin which will suppress the harmful effect of 
tetanus toxin. It is produced by injecting animals 
(usually horses) with tetanus toxin. It is used as a 
prophylactic and also as a therapeutic agent. 
antitragicus (an-tit-raj'ik-us). See muscles, 
table of. 
antitragus (an-tit'ra-gus) [anti- + tragus]. A 
prominence on the ear fronting the tragus. 
antitrismus (an-te-triz'mus). A spasm which 
prevents the closure of the mouth. 
antitrope (an'te-trop) [Gr. avri against + rpeireLP 
to turn], i. Any organ which forms a symmetric 
pair with another. 2. Same as antibody. 
antitropin (an-te-tro'pin). A general term for 
the antibodies. 
antitrypsic, antitryptic (an-te-trip'sik, an-te- 
trip'tik) [Gr. avri against + tryptic]. Counter- 
acting a fermentation process. 
antitrypsin (an-te-trip'sin). An antibody of 
blood-serum having an inhibitive action on tryp- 
sin. 
antituberculin (an-te-tu-ber'ku-lin). An anti- 
body developed on the injection of tuberculin. 
antituberculotic (an"te-tu-ber-ku-lot'ik). Good 
against tubercle; checking the advance of tuber- 
culosis. 
antitulase (an-te-tu'las). An immunizing serum 
for tuberculosis obtained from horses, cattle, and 
sheep. 
antituman (an?te-tu'man). Sodium chondroitin 
sulphate, used in carcinoma. Dose, 2 gr. (0.1 gm.) 
per day. 
antitussin (an-te-tus'in) [Gr. avri against + L. 
tus'sis cough]. An ointment containing 5 per 
cent, of difluordiphenyl, (CelDDs: used as a dis- 
infectant vulnerary, also in whooping-cough. 
antitussive (an-te-tus'iv). Relieving or prevent- 
ing cough. 
antityphoid (an-te-ti'foid). Counteracting or pre- 
venting typhoid. 
antityrosinase (an-te-ti-ro'sin-as). An antien- 
zyme that counteracts tyrosinase. 
antiuratic (an-te-u-rat'ik). Preventing the de- 
posit of urates. ANTIUREASE 
96 
AORTAL 
antiurease (an-te-u're-as). The antitoxin for 
urease. 
antivaccination (an"te-vaks-in-a'shun). Opposi- 
tion to vaccination. 
antivaccinationist (an"te-vaks-in-a'shun-ist). 
A person who is opposed to vaccination. 
antivenene (an"te-ven-en') [Gr. avrl against + L. 
vene'num poison]. An antitoxin produced.by the 
injection of snake venom, most effective against the 
neurotoxin of the venom. 
antivenereal (an"te-ve-ne're-al). Antisyphilitic; 
good against venereal diseases. 
antivenin (an-te-ven'in). Same as antivenene. 
antivenom (an-te-ven'om). An antitoxin against 
snake venom. 
antivenomous (an-te-ven'om-us). Counteracting 
venom. 
antivivisection (an"te-viv-is-ek'shun). Opposi- 
tion to vivisection. 
antixenic (an-tik-ze'nik) [Gr. avri 4- &vos strange 
or foreign]. Pertaining to the reaction of living 
tissue to any foreign substance. 
antizymotic (an"te-zi-mot'ik). Opposing the ac- 
tion of ferments or ferment-like germs. 
antodontalgic (an"to-don-tal'jik). Relieving 
toothache. 
antodyne (ant'o-din). Phenoxypropanediol,. a 
crystalline compound used to allay pain in typhoid, 
pneumonia, and tuberculosis. 
antophthalmic (ant-of-thal'mik). Relieving oph- 
thalmia. 
antra (an'trah). The plural of antrum. 
antracele (an'trah-sel). Same as antrocele. 
antral (an'tral) [L. antra'lis]. Of or pertaining 
to an antrum. 
antrectomy (an-trek'to-me) [Gr. avrpov antrum 
+ eKTopr) excision]. Surgical removal of the 
walls of the mastoid antrum. 
antritis (an-tri'tis). Inflammation of an antrum, 
chiefly of the maxillary antrum. 
antro-atticotomy (an"tro-at-ik-ot'o-me). The 
operation of opening the antrum and the attic of 
the labyrinth. 
antrocele (an'tro-sel) [Gr. avrpov antrum + ktjXij 
tumor]. An accumulation of fluid in the maxil- 
lary antrum. 
antronasal (an-tro'na-zal). Pertaining to the 
maxillary antrum and the nose. 
antrophore (an'tro-for) [Gr. avrpov cavity + 
<pepetv to bear]. A form of soluble medicated 
bougie. 
antrophose (an'tro-foz) [Gr. avrpov cavity 4* 
phose]. A phose originating in the central ocular 
mechanism. 
antrorse (an-trors'). Directed forward or upward, 
antroscope (an'tro-skop) [Gr. avrpov antrum + 
aKoireiv to inspect]. An instrument for illumin- 
ating and examining the maxillary antrum. 
antroscopy (an-tros'ko-pe). The use of the an- 
troscope; inspection of an antrum. 
antrotome (an'tro-tom) [see antrotomy]. An in- 
strument for performing antrotomy. 
antrotomy (an-trot'o-me) [Gr. avrpov antrum + 
ropf) cut]. The cutting open of an antrum. 
antrotympanic (an"tro-tim-pan'ik). Pertaining 
to the antrum and the tympanic cavity. 
antrotympanitis (an"tro-tim-pan-i'tis) [antrum 
-f- tympanitis]. Chronic purulent inflammation 
of the mastoid antrum and of the middle ear. 
antrum (an'trum), pl. an'tra [L.; Gr. avrpov 
cave], A cavity or chamber, especially one 
within a bone. a. au'ris, the tympanum, a. 
cardi'acum, an abnormal dilatation of the 
esophagus near the stomach, a. ethmoida'le, 
ethmoid a., the ethmoid sinus. a. of 
Highmore, a. maxilla're, maxillary a., a 
large cavity in the upper jaw-bone communi- 
cating with the nose. Malacarne's a., the pos- 
terior perforated space, mastoid a., a. mas- 
toi'deum, a recess in the mastoid process com- 
municating with the tympanum, a. pylo'ri, a. 
pylor'icum, a small culdesac of the stomach 
near the pylorus, a. tympan'icum [BNA]. 
Same as mastoid a. 
antuitrin (an-tu'it-rin). A soluble extract from the 
anterior lobe of the pituitary 
antyase (an-ti'as). A serum used for immunizing 
against typhoid fever. 
Antyl'lus. A famous Greek physician and surgeon 
of the third or fourth century a. d. Only frag- 
ments of his works have survived. 
anuresis, anuria (an-u-re'sis, an-u're-ah) (Gr. &v 
neg. + ovpov urine]. Absolute suppression of 
micturition, calculous a., suppression of urine 
caused by a renal calculus. 
anuretic, anuric (an-u-ret'ik, a-nu'rik). Pertain- 
ing to, affected with, or of the nature of, anuresis. 
anus (a'nus) [L.]. The distal end and outlet of 
the rectum, artificial a., an opening from the 
bowel formed by an operation. Bartholin's a., 
aditus ad aquaeductum cerebri, a. cer'ebri, the 
anterior opening of the aqueduct of Sylvius, 
entero-uterine a., a condition in which the 
intestine has herniated into the ruptured uterus, 
and fecal matter is discharged through the uterus 
and vagina, imperforate a., closure of the 
natural opening of the anus, preternatural a., 
an anus situated at some unusual or abnormal place, 
a. of Rusconi, the blastopore, a. vestibula'- 
ris, vulvovaginal a., a condition in which there 
is no anus, but the rectum opens into the vulva. 
anusol (a'nu-sol) [L. a'nus anus 4- o'leum oil], 
lodoresorcinsulphonate of bismuth: recom- 
mended as a remedy for hemorrhoids and for 
rectal catarrh, fissure, and anal and vulvar pru- 
ritus. 
anvil (an'vil). See incus. 
anxietas tibiarum (anks-i'e-tas tib-e-a'rum). A 
painful condition of unrest leading to a continual 
change of the position of the limbs, and due to an 
increase dt the muscular sense. 
anxiety (ang-zi'et-e). A feeling of apprehension, 
situation a., a feeling of apprehension coming on 
with the starting of some undertaking. 
anydremia (an-id-re'me-ah) [Gr. an neg. + v8up 
water + alpa blood]. See anhydremia. 
anypnia (an-ip'ne-ah) [Gr. av neg. 4- virvos sleep]. 
Sleeplessness; insomnia. 
any tin (an'it-in). See anitin. 
anytol (an'it-ol). See anitol. 
A. O. Abbreviation for anodal opening and opening 
of the auriculoventricular valves. 
AOC. An abbreviation for anodal opening con- 
traction. 
AOO. Abbreviation for anodal opening odor. 
AOP. Abbreviation for anodal opening picture. 
aorta (a-or'tah) [L.; Gr. boprr)]. The great artery 
that springs from the left ventricle and gives rise 
to all the arteries of the systemic circulation. 
The aorta divides opposite the fourth lumbar 
vertebra into the two common iliacs. See arte- 
ries, table of. abdominal a., the part of the 
aorta below the diaphragm, a. angus'ta, nar- 
rowness of the aorta, arch of the a., the proxi- 
mal portion of the aorta, consisting of an ascending, 
a transverse, and a descending part. a. chlorot'- 
ica, a small aorta sometimes seen in one affected 
with chlorosis, dynamic a., a neurotic condition 
in which the pulsations of the abdominal aorta are 
abnormally marked, palpable a., a condition in 
which, on account of a thin retracted abdominal 
wall, the aorta is easily palpable, thoracic a., 
that part of the aorta that lies below the arch and 
above the diaphragm. 
aortal (a-or'tal). Aortic. AORTARCTIA 
97 
APHASIA 
aortarctia (a-or-tark'she-ah) [Gr. aoprr) aorta 4- L. 
arcta're to narrow]. Constriction or narrowing of 
the aorta. 
aortectasia, aortectasis (a-or-tek-ta'se-ah, a-or- 
tek'tas-is) [Gr. aoprf) aorta 4- tier cures distention]. 
Dilatation of the aorta. 
aortic (a-or'tik). Of or pertaining to the aorta. 
aorticorenal (a-or"tik-o-re'nal). Pertaining to the 
aorta and the kidneys. 
aortism (a'or-tizm). A constitutional tendency 
toward aortic disease. 
aortis'mus abdomina'lis. See phantom aneu- 
rysm, under aneurysm. 
aortitis (a-or-ti'tis) [aorta + Gr. -ins inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the aorta. Dohle- 
Heller a., syphilitic aortitis, a. syphilitica 
oblit'erans, syphilitic aortitis resulting in ob- 
literation of the aorta or some of its branches. 
aortolith (a-oPto-lith) [aorta + Gr. XlBos stone]. 
A calculus in the aorta. 
aortomalacia (a-or"to-ma-la'she-ah) [Gr. aopr^ 
aorta + paXania softness]. Abnormal softness of 
the aorta. 
aortoptosia, aortoptosis (a-or-top-to'se-ah, -to'- 
sis) [Gr. aoprr) aorta + irr&ais falling]. Downward 
displacement of the abdominal aorta. 
aortorrhaphy (a-or-toPaf-e) [Gr. aoprr] aorta 4- 
pa<pr] suture]. Suture of the aorta. 
aortostenosis (a-or"to-ste-no'sis) [Gr. aoprrj aorta 
4- arevoxTis narrowing]. Narrowing or stric- 
ture of the aorta. 
aortotomy (a-or-tot'o-me) [Gr. aoprr) aorta 4- 
ropr) a cutting]. The operation of cutting into the 
aorta. 
AOS. Abbreviation for anodal opening sound. 
aosmic (ah-os'mik) [Gr. a neg. 4* Papi) odor]. Odor- 
less. 
apaconitin (ap-ak-on'it-in) [Gr. arro from 4- acon- 
itin]. A. poisonous base derived from aconitin. 
apallagin (ap-al'aj-in). Tetra-iodophenol-phtha- 
lein; the mercury salt of nosophen, having anti- 
septic properties. 
apallesthesia (ah-pal-es-the'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- 
rraXXeiv to tremble 4- aWrpns sensation]. Same 
as pallanesthesia. 
apandria (ap-an'dre-ah) [Gr. arco from 4- av-qp 
man]. Morbid or insane aversion to the male 
sex. 
apanthropia, apanthropy (ap-an-thro'pe-ah, 
ap-an'thro-pe) [Gr. arrb from 4- avf) pantos man]. 
1. Morbid fear of human companionship. 2. See 
apandria. 
aparathyreosis (ah-par-a-thi-re-o'sis). Aparathy- 
rosis. 
aparathyrosis (ah-par-ah-thi-ro'sis). Absence of 
or deficiency of the parathyroid gland. 
aparthrosis (ap-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. airapOpums]. 
Same as diarthrosis. 
apathetic (ap-ath-et'ik). Indifferent; undemon- 
strative. 
apathic (ap-ath'ik). Without sensation or feeling, 
apathism (ap'ath-izm). The state of being slow 
in responding to stimuli. 
apathy (ap'ath-e) [Gr. brradeia]. Lack of feeling 
or emotion; indifference. 
apatropin (ap-at'rop-in) [Gr. arrb from 4- atropin]. 
A poisonous substance, C17H21NO2, derivable 
from atropin by the action of nitric acid. 
ape-fissure (ap'-fish-er). See under fissure. 
ape-hand (ap'-hand). A hand in which the thumb 
remains in a position extending at right angles 
from the hand. 
apellous (a-pel'us) [Gr. a priv. 4- L. pel'lis skin]. 
1. Skinless; not covered with skin; not cicatrized: 
said of a wound. 2. Having no prepuce. 
apenteric (ap-en-ter'ik). Abenteric. 
apepsia (ah-pep'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. + ireirreiv to 
digest]. Cessation or failure of the digestive func- 
tions. achlorhydria a., absence of the diges- 
tive secretions of the stomach, hysteric a., a. 
nervo'sa. Same as anorexia nervosa. 
apepsinia (ah-pep-sin'e-ah). Total absence or 
lack of secretion of pepsin or pepsinogen by the 
stomach. 
apergol (a'per-gol). A capsule containing apiol, 
ergotin, oil of savin, and aloin. 
aperient (ap-e're-ent) [L. ape'riens opening], i. 
Mildly cathartic. 2. A gentle purgative. 
aperistalsis (ah"per-is-tal'sis) [Gr. a neg. 4- per- 
istalsis], Absence of peristaltic action. 
aperitol (ap-er'it-ol). A proprietary laxative prep- 
aration of phenolphthalein, isovalerianic acid, and 
acetic acid. Dose, 6 gr. (0.4 gm.). 
apertometer (ap-er-tom'et-er). An apparatus for 
measuring the angle of an aperture of micro- 
scopic objectives. 
Apert's syndrome (ah-parz') [Eugene Apert, 
Parisian pediatrist, born 1868]. See acrocephalo- 
syndactylia. 
apertura (ap-er-tu'rah). Latin for aperture or 
opening, a. latera'lis, the foramen of Luschka, 
a. media'lis ventric'uli quar'ti, the foramen 
of Magendie, a. pel'vis infe'rior [BNA], the 
outlet of the pelvis, a. pel'vis supe'rior [BN 
A], the pelvic inlet, a. piriformis [BNA], 
the nasal opening in the skull. 
aperture (ap'er-chur) [L. apertu'ra], An open- 
ing or orifice, angular a., the angle formed at 
a luminous point between the most divergent 
rays that are capable of passing through the ob- 
jective of a microscope. In dentistry, the termi- 
nal end of the root of a tooth, a. of larynx, 
the opening leading into the larynx bounded by the 
epiglottis in front, by the arytenoid notch behind, 
and by the aryteno-epiglottidean folds on the 
sides, a. of lens. Same as angle of aperture. 
numeric a., the power of the objective of a 
microscope to receive and transmit rays of light, 
piriform a., the nasal opening in the skull. 
apetalous (ap-et'al-us). Having no petals. 
apex (a'peks), pl. ap'ices [L.]. The top or pointed 
extremity of any conic part. The apex of a tooth 
is the terminal end of the root of a tooth, appen- 
diculocecal a., the opening between the vermi- 
form appendix and the cecum, a.-beat, the beat 
of the apex of the left ventricle against the chest 
wall, felt in the fifth intercostal space, about three 
and a half inches from the middle of the sternum, 
a. capit'uli fib'ulae [B N A], the styloid proc- 
ess of the fibula, a. cor'dis, the apex of the 
heart, a. of heart, the blunt rounded extremity 
of the heart represented by the left ventricle: it 
is located in the fifth left intercostal space 8 cm. 
from the midline, a. height, the magnitude of 
the ordinates of the summated twitch of the 
muscle, a. na'si, the tip of the nose. a. pulmo'- 
nis, the upper extremity of the lung. a. time, 
the interval at which the apex of the summated 
twitches of a muscle succeeds the second stimulus 
applied to the same muscle. 
aphacia, aphakia (ah-fa'se-ah, ah-fa'ke-ah) [Gr. 
a neg. + <paKos lentil]. Absence of the lens of 
the eye. 
aphacic, aphakic (ah-fa'sik, ah-fa'kik) [Gr. a 
neg. + <paKos lentil]. Destitute of the lens of the 
eye. 
aphagia (ah-fa'je-ah) [Gr. a priv. + <payeiv to eat]. 
Loss of the power of swallowing, a. al'gera, 
refusal of a person to take food because it gives 
pain. 
Aphanocapsa, Aphanocapta (ah"fan-o-kap'sah, 
ah"fan-o-kap'tah) [Gr. 6.<paor)S invisible + Ka\pa 
envelop]. A genus of schizomycetes related to 
Bacillus, but having phycochrome in the cells. 
aphasia (ah-fa'ze-ah) [Gr. a priv. + tpatns speech]. 
Defect or loss of the power of expression by speech. APHASIC 
98 
APINEALISM 
writing, or signs, due to injury or disease of the 
brain-centers, ageusic a., loss of power to ex- 
press words relating to the sense of taste, am- 
nemonic a., forgetfulness of words, with conse- 
quent aphasia, amnesic a., inability to remem- 
ber words, anosmic a., inability to express in 
words sensations of smell, associative a., 
aphasia due to a disturbance of connection be- 
tween the parts comprising the central structure, 
ataxic a., aphasia in which the patient knows 
what he wishes to say, but cannot utter the words 
on account of inability to coordinate the muscles, 
because of disease of the speech-center; called also 
■motor a. auditory a., aphasia due to disease 
of the hearing center of the brain; word-deafness. 
Broca's a., ataxic aphasia, combined a., 
aphasia of two or more forms combined in the same 
patient, commissural a., conduction a., 
aphasia due to a lesion in the insula interrupting 
the path between the mo.tor and sensory speech- 
centers. complete a., aphasia due to lesion of 
all the speech-centers, producing inability to com- 
municate with others in any way. cortical a. 
See pictorial a. frontocortical a. Same as 
ataxic a. frontolenticular a. Same as com- 
missural a. gibberish a., aphasia with utter- 
ance of meaningless phrases, graphomotor a., 
aphasia in which the patient cannot express him- 
self in writing. Grashey's a., aphasia due to less- 
ened duration of sensory impressions, causing 
disturbance of perception and association, with- 
out lack of function of the centers or conduc- 
tivity of the tracts. It is seen in acute diseases 
and concussion of the brain, intellectual a. 
Same as true a. jargon a., aphasia in which 
several words are run together as one. Kuss- 
maul's a., voluntary refraining from speech, as 
in the insane, lenticular a. Same as commis- 
sural a. a. leth'ica. Same as amnemonic a. 
mixed a., combined motor and sensory aphasia, 
motor a. Same as ataxic a. optic a., inability 
to find the name for objects seen, due to interrup- 
tion of the connection between the speech and 
visual centers, parieto-occipital a., combined 
alexia and apraxia, pictorial a., cortical apha- 
sia, so called because the cortex is the region 
containing the centers for images of words, psy- 
chosensory a., inability to understand lan- 
guage, spoken, written, or expressed in any way. 
puerperal a., aphasia occurring during preg- 
nancy or the puerperium. sensory a., inability 
to understand the meaning of written or spoken 
words, due to disease of the auditory and visual 
word-centers, subcortical a., aphasia due to a 
lesion interrupting impulses toward the afferent 
tracts that proceed to the auditory speech-center, 
tactile a., inability to name objects which are 
felt, temporoparietal a., cortical sensory 
aphasia, total a., combined motor and sensory 
aphasia, transcortical a., aphasia caused by a 
lesion of a pathway between the speech center and 
other cortical centers, true a., aphasia due to 
lesion of any one of the speech centers; called also 
intellectual a. visual a., inability to comprehend 
written words. Wernicke's a., cortical sensory 
aphasia. 
aphasic, aphasiac (ah-fa'sik, ah-fa'ze-ak). 1. 
Pertaining to or affected with aphasia. 2. A 
person affected with aphasia. 
aphemesthesia (ah"fe-mes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. 
+ <pr)pv voice + perception]. Failure 
of word-perception; word-blindness and word- 
deafness. 
aphemia (ah-fe'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. + (pr^V voice]. 
Loss of the power of speech, due to a central lesion. 
In aphemia the patient sees the object and knows 
what it is, but is unable to form the word which 
belongs to it. 
aphemic (ah-fem'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with aphemia. 
aphephobia (af-e-fo'be-ah) [Gr. a<pri touch + 
p60os fear]. A morbid dread of being touched. 
apheter (af'et-er) [Gr. aperr/p sender]. A sup- 
posed material which gives to inogen the stimu- 
lus that decomposes it, and thus causes muscular 
contraction. 
Aphloi'a theafor'mis. A shrub of Madagascar; 
a decoction is used in hematuria. 
aphonia (ah-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. a priv. + <pwq voice]. 
Loss of voice not due to a central lesion, a. 
clerico'rum, clergyman's sore throat, hysteric 
a., loss of speech due to hysteria, a. para- 
lyt'ica, aphonia due to paralysis or disease of 
the laryngeal nerves, a. parano'ica, stubborn 
and wilful silence, spastic a., spasm of the 
adductor muscle brought on by efforts to speak. 
aphonic (ah-fon'ik). i. Pertaining to or affected 
with aphonia. 2. Without audible sound. 
aphose (ah-fbz') [Gr. a neg. + light]. Any 
phose or subjective visual sensation due to ab- 
sence or interruption of light. 
aphrasia (ah-fra'ze-ah) [Gr. a priv. + <ppaais utter- 
ance]. Dumbness of any kind. a. parano'ica, 
voluntary abstention from speech in the insane. 
aphrenia (ah-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. a neg. + <ppfjo mind]. 
Dementia. 
aphrodisia (af-ro-diz'e-ah) [Gr. &<ppo8iata venery]. 
1. Sexual desire, especially if morbid or exces- 
sive. 2. Venery or sexual congress. 
aphrodisiac (af-ro-diz'e-ak). 1. Exciting the 
sexual impulse. 2. Any drug that arouses the 
sexual instinct. 
aphrodisin (af-ro-dis'in). A proprietary remedy 
compounded of yohimbin, aronacein, extract of 
miura puama, lecithin, etc. 
aphronesia (af-ro-ne'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- <ppovriaLs 
good sense]. Dementia. 
aphtha (af'thah) [L.; Gr. &<p0a]. A little ulcer; 
thrush. 
aphthae (af'the) [Gr. a^at]. Thrush; more cor- 
rectly, the whitish spots in the mouth that char- 
acterize it. See thrush. Bednar's a., two 
ulcers occurring on the hard palate of cachectic 
infants, cachectic a., a fatal disease, .charac- 
terized by aphthous ulceration under the tongue, 
enlarged and degenerated liver and spleen, and 
skin pigmentation. Cardarelli's a. Same as 
cachectic a. contagious a., epizootic a., the 
foot-and-mouth disease of cattle. See under dis- 
ease. Riga's a., cachectic aphthae, a. trop'- 
icse, an aphthous eruption with digestive disturb- 
ance occurring in the tropics. 
aphthenxia (af-thenk'se-ah) [Gr. a^eyTos voice- 
less]. Impairment of the power to express artic- 
ulate sounds. 
aphthoid (af'thoid) [Gr. a^a thrush + elSos form]. 
Resembling thrush; thrush-like. 
Aphthomo'nas infes'tans. An organism, pos- 
sibly related to Leishmania, found in foot-and- 
mouth disease. 
aphthongia (af-thon'je-ah) [Gr. a priv. + Mayya's 
sound]. Aphasia due to spasm of the speech- 
muscles. 
aphthous (af'thus). Pertaining to, characterized 
by, or affected with, aphthae. 
aphylactic (ah-fi-lak'tik). Marked by aphylaxis. 
aphylaxis (ah-fi-lak'sis). Absence of phylactic 
power; absence of phylaxis. 
apical (ap'ik-al). Pertaining to or located at the 
apex. 
apicectomy (a-pis-ek'to-me). Apicoectomy. 
apiceotomy (a-pis-e-ot'o-me). Apicoectomy. 
apicoectomy (a"pik-o-ek'to-me) [apex + eKToprj 
excision]. Excision of .the apex of a tooth. 
apicotomy (a-pik-ot'o-me). Apicoectomy. 
apiectomy (a-pe-ek'to-me). Apicoectomy. 
a'pii fruc'tus. See under A pium. 
apinealism (ah-pi'ne-al-izm). The symptoms pro- 
duced by removal of the pineal gland. APINOID 
99 
APONEA 
apinoid (ap'in-oid) [Gr. a priv. + irlvos dirt + elbos 
form]. Clean; free from filth. 
apinol (ap'in-ol). A proprietary substance claimed 
to consist mainly of levomenthone, C10H13O, ob- 
tained in the destructive distillation of pine wood; 
antiseptic, anesthetic, and expectorant: used in 
wounds, ulcers, and catarrh of the stomach. 
apiol (a'pe-ol) [L. a'pium parsley + o'leum oil]. 
A clear, volatile oil, the dimethylmethylene ether of 
allyl tetroxybenzene, (CHsO^CsHg.C^.CH^CH, 
often seen in white needles, derived from parsley 
(A 'pium sati'vum): used in menstrual and malarial 
disorders. Dose, 3-5 min. (0.18-0.333 c.c.). Called 
also parsley-camphor. 
apiolin (a'pe-o-lin). A principle derived from 
parsley: emmenagogue. Dose, 3 min. (0.18 c.c.). 
apiose (a'pe-6s). A peculiar sugar from the glucosid 
apiin. It is a pentose with a branched chain, (CH2- 
OH)2.C(OH).CHOH.CHO. 
Apiosoma bigem'inum. Same as Piroplasma bi- 
geminum. 
apiphobia (a-pe-fo'be-ah) [L. a'pis bee + Gr. 
<pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of bees and their 
sting. 
Ap'is mellif'ica. The honey bee. A preparation 
of its poison is used in homeopathic practice. 
apisination (a-pis-in-a'shun) [L. a'pis bee]. Pois- 
oning by the sting of bees. 
apituitarism (ah-pit-u'it-ar-izm). The condition 
caused by total removal of the pituitary body. 
Apium (a'pe-um) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous 
plants, including parsley and celery. Celery seed 
(a'pii fruc'tus), the ripe fruit of A. grave'olens, is diu- 
retic and antispasmodic. Dose, 30 gr. (2.0 gm.). 
a'pium vi'rus. A homeopathic preparation from 
bee-stings. 
aplacental (ah-pla-sen'tal) [Gr. a neg. + placenta]. 
Having no placenta. 
aplanatic (ah-plan-at'ik) [Gr. a neg. + irXavdeiv to 
wander]. Correcting, or not affected by, spheric 
aberration. 
aplanatism (ah-plan'at-izm). Freedom from spheric 
aberration. 
aplasia (ah-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- irXaaaeLP to 
form]. 1. Incomplete or defective development. 
2. Congenital atrophy, a. pilo'rum intermit'- 
tens, spindle-shaped hairs (Virchow). 
aplasmic (ah-plaz'mik). Containing no protoplasm 
or sarcoplasm. 
aplastic (ah-plas'tit) [Gr. a priv. + irXaaaeiv to 
form]. Having no tendency to develop into new 
tissue. 
apnea, apnoea (ap-ne'ah) [Gr. a priv. + irvya, 
irvola breath]. 1. The transient cessations of 
breathing that follow a forced respiration. 2. 
Asphyxia, deglutition a., temporary arrest of 
the activity of the respiratory nerve-center during 
an act of swallowing. 
apneumatic (ap-nu-mat'ik). 1. Free from air. 2. 
Done with the exclusion of air, as, an apneumatic 
operation. 
apneumatosis (ap"nu-mah-to'sis) [Gr. a priv. + 
iwevndrcoais]. Collapse of the air-cells of the 
lungs; congenital atelectasis of the lungs. 
apneumia (ap-nu'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. + irvebnuv 
lung]. Congenital absence of the lungs. 
apnoea (ap-ne'ah). See apnea. 
apnol (ap'nol). A proprietary asthma remedy con- 
taining periplocin. 
apo- [Gr. biro from]. A prefix implying separa- 
tion or derivation. 
apoaconitin (ap"o-ak-on'it-in). See apaconitin. 
apoatropin (ap-o-at'ro-pin) [Gr. biro from + atro- 
pin]. See apatropin. 
apobiosis (ap-o-bi-o'sis) [Gr. airo away + ^ios life]. 
Physiologic death. 
apobiotic (ap-o-bi-ot'ik). Pertaining to any change 
which decreases the vital energy of any tissue. 
apochromatic (ap-o-kro-mat'ik). Free from chro- 
matic and spheric aberration. 
apocodein (ap-o-ko'de-in) [Gr. airb from + codein]. 
An alkaloid, C18H19NO2, from codein. a. hydro- 
chlorid, a yellow, amorphous powder, Ci8H19- 
NO2HCI: used as an expectorant, emetic, and 
hypnotic, like apomorphin. Expectorant dose, i-il 
gr. (0.06-0.08 gm.). 
apocope (ap-ok'o-pe) [Gr. "a cutting off"]. A 
cutting off; amputation. 
apocoptic (ap-o-kop'tik). Resulting from, or per- 
taining to, an amputation. 
apocrustic (ap-o-krus'tik). Astringent and repel- 
lent; also a drug so acting. 
apocynein (ap-o-si'ne-in). An active principle 
from Apoc'ynum cannab'inum: it acts like digi- 
talin. 
apocynin (ap-os'in-in). 1. One of the active prin- 
ciples of Apoc'ynum cannab'inum. 2. A concen- 
tration or resinoid from Apoc'ynum cannab'inum. 
Dose, gr. (0.016-0.033 gm.). 
Apocynum (ap-os'in-um) [L.; Gr. airoKwov dog- 
bane]. A genus of apocynaceous plants. A. 
androsamifo'lium, dogbane of North America, is 
diuretic and diaphoretic, and in small doses tonic. 
Tonic dose, 10 gr. (0.6 gm.); emetic dose, 30 gr. 
(1.9 gm.). The root of A. cannab'inum, or Canada 
hemp, is cathartic and expectorant; in doses of 
20 gr. (1.25 gm.) it is emetic; in doses of 5 gr. 
(0.3 gm.) it is tonic and antiperiodic; ordinary 
dose, 2-20 gr. (0.129-1.29 gm.); dose of fluidextract, 
5-20 min. (0.333-1.25 c.c.). 
apodemialgia (ap"o-de-me-al'je-ah) [Gr. 
journey + aKyos pain]. A morbid or insane 
longing to go away from home. 
apodia (ah-po'de-ah) [Gr. a priv. + irovs foot]. 
Congenital absence of the feet. 
apolar (ah-po'lar) [Gr. a priv. + ttoXos pole]. Not 
having poles nor processes. 
apolegamic (ap-o-leg-am'ik) [Gr. airoXeyetv to 
pick out + yap.os marriage]. Pertaining to selec- 
tion, especially sexual selection. 
apolipsin (ap-o-lip'sin). An antipyretic analgesic 
and nerve sedative derived from coal-tar. 
Apollinaris water (ap-ol-in-a'ris). Any efferves- 
cent table-water from Remagen, Germany. 
Apollonius (ap-ol-o'ne-us). 1. A physician of 
Citium in Cyprus, who lived in the first century. 
He wrote a commentary on Hippocrates' treatise on 
articulations. 2. A Greek physician, called "the 
Empiric," who lived about 200 b. c. 3. A Greek 
physician who lived about 180 b. c. 
apolysin (ap-ol'is-in) [Gr. biroXvais deliverance, 
from airo from + Xlxns loosing], A white, crys- 
talline compound, CfiHXOQHsjNH.CgHvOe, or 
monoparaphenetidincitric acid. It is soluble in 
hot water, alcohol, and glycerin, and is used as 
an analgesic and antipyretic in hemicrania, sci- 
atica, pneumonia, etc. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.324- 
2 gm.). 
apomorphin (ap-o-mor'fin) [Gr. airb from + mor- 
phin]. A crystalline alkaloid, C17H17NO2, derived 
from morphin by the abstraction of a molecule of 
water. It is a powerful emetic and relaxant, 
a. hydrochlorid, a grayish, crystalline com- 
pound, C17H17NO2.HC1, used as an emetic and ex- 
pectorant. Dose, A-fVi gr. (0.002-0.006 gm.). A 
2 per cent, solution is used for hypodermic in- 
jection. a. methylbromid. See euporphin. 
apomyelin (ap-o-mi'el-in) [apo- + myelin]. A 
principle derivable from brain substance. 
aponal (ah'po-nal). A proprietary hypnotic, amy- 
lene carbamate, NH2.CO.O.C(CH3VC2H8. 
apone (ah'pon) [Gr. a neg. + irbvos pain]. An 
anodyne preparation of various composition, with 
capsicum as its base. Dose, 3-10 min. (0.18- 
0.666 c.c.). 
aponea (ap-o-nc'ah). Same as aponoia. aponeurology (ap"o-nu-rol'o-je) [aponeurosis + 
Gr. Xbyos discourse]. The sum of knowledge re- 
garding aponeuroses and fasciae. 
aponeurosis (ap"on-u-ro'sis) [Gr. anb from + 
vevpov tendon], i. A fascia; a white, shining, 
gristly membrane, serving mainly as an invest- 
ment for muscle (a. of investment), or to con- 
nect muscles with the parts that they move (a. 
of insertion). 2. The material of which aponeu- 
roses and fasciae are composed; gristle, abdom- 
inal a., the conjoined tendons of the oblique and 
transversalis muscles on the abdomen, bucco- 
pharyngeal a., a band between the pterygoid 
process and the posterior portion of the alveolus 
of the lower jaw; to it are attached the superior 
constrictor of the pharynx and the buccinator 
muscles. Denonvillier's a. See under fascia. 
a. of insertion. See aponeurosis, a. of in- 
vestment. See aponeurosis. Sibson's a., an 
aponeurosis attached to the seventh cervical ver- 
tebra above and the dome of the pleura below; 
called also vertebropleural ligament, subscap- 
ular a., a membrane attached to the circum- 
ference of the subscapular fossa, supraspin- 
ous a., a thick and dense membranous layer 
that partly envelops the supraspinatus muscle, 
vertebral a., a thin fascial lamina, partly inclos- 
ing the erector spinae muscle, a. of Zinn. 
Same as ligament of Zinn. 
aponeurositis (ap"on-u-ro-si'tis) [aponeurosis + 
Gr. -ctis inflammation]. Inflammation of an 
aponeurosis. 
aponeurotic (ap"o-nu-rot'ik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of an aponeurosis. 
aponeuro tome (ap-o-nu'ro-tom). A knife for cut- 
ting aponeuroses. 
aponeurotomy (ap"o-nu-rot'o-me) [aponeurosis 
+ Gr. Topp a cut]. Surgical cutting of an apon- 
eurosis. 
aponia (ah-po'ne-ah) [Gr.]. Freedom from pain, 
aponic (ah-po'nik). Relieving pain or fatigue, 
aponoia, aponoea (ap-o-noi'ah, ap-o-ne'ah) [Gr. 
ano away + vovs mind]. Amentia. 
Aponus, Petrus (ap-o'nus). See Abano. 
apophlegmatic (ap-o-fleg-mat'ik). Causing a dis- 
charge of mucus; expectorant. 
apophylactic (ap-o-fi-lak'tik). Pertaining to or 
marked by apophylaxis. 
apophylaxis (ap-o-fi-lak'sis) [Gr. anb away + 
phylaxis], Decrease of the phylactic power of the 
blood, as seen in the negative phase of opsonic or 
vaccine therapy. 
apophysary, apophysiary (ap-of'iz-a-re, ap-o- 
fiz'e-a-re). Pertaining to an apophysis. 
apophyseal (ap-of-iz'e-al). Pertaining to an apo- 
physis. 
apophysis (ap-of'is-is) [Gr. anb from + <pb<rLS 
growth]. Any process, outgrowth, or swelling, 
especially a bony process that has never been 
entirely separated from the bone of which it forms 
a part, basilar a., the basilar process of the 
occipital bone, cerebral a., a. cer'ebri, the 
pineal body, genial a., the four genial tubercles, 
a. of Ingrassias, thelesser wing of the sphenoid 
bone. a. lenticula'ris, the orbicular process of 
the temporal bone. a. mamilla'ris, the olfactory 
bulb. a. ravia'na, a. of Rau, the long or 
gracile process of the malleus. 
apophysitis (ap-of-is-i'tis). 1. Inflammation of 
an apophysis. 2. Appendicitis, a. tibia lis 
adolescen'tium. Same as Schlatta's disease. 
See under disease. 
apoplasmia (ap-o-plaz'me-ah) [Gr. ano away + 
nXaapa plasm]. Deficiency of the blood-plasm. 
apoplectic (ap-o-plek'tik) [Gr. anonXpKriKos]. Per- 
taining to or affected with apoplexy. 
apoplectiform, apoplectoid (ap-o-plek'tif-orm, 
ap-o-plek'toid). Resembling apoplexy. 
APONEUROLOGY 
100 
apoplexia (ap-o-plek'se-ah) [L.]. Apoplexy, a. 
u'teri, sudden uterine hemorrhage, due to arterial 
degeneration or hemorrhagic infarct. 
apoplexy (ap'o-plek-se) [Gr. anonXp^la]. 1. Sudden 
paralysis and coma from effusion and extrava- 
sation of blood or serum into the brain or spinal 
cord. 2. Copious extravasation of blood within 
any organ, asthenic a., apoplexy from debility. 
Broadbent's a., cerebral hemorrhage begin- 
ning outside the ventricle, but progressing until 
it enters the ventricle. bulbar a., effusion 
into the substance of the pons, capillary a., 
apoplexy resulting from the rupture of capillary 
vessels, cerebellar a., effusion into the sub- 
stance of the cerebellum, cerebral a., effusion 
into the cerebral substance, choroidal, hepa- 
tic, pulmonary, renal, retinal, splenic a., 
etc., sudden effusion in the various organs indi- 
cated by the adjective, congestive a., congestion 
without extravasation of blood, but followed by 
symptoms resembling those of true apoplexy, 
cutaneous a., sudden effusion of blood to the 
skin and subcutaneous tissue, embolic a., apo- 
plexy due to stopping of a cerebral artery by an 
embolus, functional a., nervous a., a con- 
dition simulating true apoplexy, but due to some 
functional disturbance of the nervous system, 
ingravescent a., progressive paralysis due to 
the slow leakage of blood from a ruptured vessel, 
meningeal a., effusion occurring between the 
meninges, multiple a., a succession of small 
cerebral effusions of blood, with slight attacks of 
paralysis, neonatal a., apoplexy in newborn 
children, parturient a., parturient paralysis, 
placental a., hemorrhage into the placenta, 
pontile a. Same as bulbar a. pulmonary a., 
the escape of blood into the parenchyma of the 
lungs, sanguineous a., that which is caused 
by an effusion of blood, serous a., the sudden 
effusion of a considerable quantity of serous fluid, 
simple a., a fatal comatose state not due to a 
discoverable cerebral lesion, spinal a., effusion 
into the substance of the spinal cord, splenic 
a., malignant anthrax, thrombotic a., apo- 
plexy due to thrombosis of a cerebral artery, 
verminous a., coma due to the presence of worms 
in the intestine. 
apoquinamin (ap"o-kwin-am'in). An alkaloid, 
C19H22N2O, derivable from quinamin. 
aporetin (ap-o'ret-in) [Gr. anb from + peTivp resin], 
A purgative resin from rhubarb. 
aporioneurosis (ap-o"re-o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. anbpia 
doubt + neurosis]. Anxiety neurosis. See under 
neurosis. 
aporrhegma (ap-o-reg'mah) [Gr. anb from + 
fay pa fracture]. Any one of the toxic substances 
split off from the amino-acids of a protein by bac- 
terial decomposition (Kutscher). Cf. ptomain. 
aposia (ah-po'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- noais thirst]. 
Absence of thirst. 
apositia (ap-o-sish'e-ah) [Gr. anb from + airos 
food]. Disgust or loathing of food. 
apositic (ap-o-sit'ik). Causing a loathing of food; 
diminishing the appetite. . 
apospory (ap-os'po-re) [Gr. ano away + anbpos 
spore]. Lack of power of forming spores. 
apostasis (ap-os'tas-is) [Gr.]. 1. An abscess. 2. 
The end or crisis of an attack of disease. 
apostem, apostema (ap'os-tem, ap-os-te'mah) 
[Gr. anoarppa]. An abscess. 
aposthia (ap-os'the-ah) [Gr. a neg. + nbadp the 
prepuce]. Congenital absence of the prepuce. 
Apostoli's treatment (ap-os-to-lez') [Georges 
A postoli, French physician, 1847-1900]. See un- 
der treatment. 
apothanasia (ap-o-than-a'se-ah) [Gr. anb away + 
OavaTos death]. The postponing of death; the pro- 
longation of life. 
apothecaries' weight. See weights and meas- 
ures. 
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT APOTHECARY 
apothecary (ap-oth'ek-a-re) [Gr. &Tro6r)Kt) store- 
house]. A druggist or pharmacist. 
apothem, apotheme (ap'oth-em, ap'oth-em) [Gr. 
dTro from + 0qua deposit]. A dark deposit which 
sometimes appears in vegetable infusions and de- 
posits exposed to the air. 
apothesine (ap-oth'e-sin). A crystalline com- 
pound, the cinnamic ester of gamma-diethylamino- 
propyl alcohol hydrochlorid, C6H5(CH)2.CO2.(C2- 
H6)2.N.(CH2)3.HC1: used as a local anesthetic. 
apotheter (ap-oth'et-er) [Gr. airo away + TtOevai 
to place]. A navel-string repositor. 
apotoxin (ap-o-toks'in). The substance produced 
by the action of toxogenin on the injected toxin 
and causing the symptoms of anaphylaxis. 
apotripsis (ap-o-trip'sis) [Gr. aTrorpiPeiv to abrade]. 
Removal of a corneal opacity (Hirschberg). 
apotropaon (ap-o-tro'pa-on) [see apotropiac]. An 
amulet. 
apotropiac (ap-o-tro'pe-ak) [Gr. airo away + 
TpeTrecv to turn]. Prophylactic, in the sense of 
averting evil influence (in Greek medicine). 
apoxemena (ap-ok-sem'in-ah) [Gr. arro^eiu to 
scrape off]. The substances removed from a pocket 
in the treatment of pericementoclasia. 
apoxesis (ap-ox-e'sis). Removal of apoxemena 
from the periclasial pocket; called also curettage. 
apozem, apozema, apozeme (ap'oz-em, ap-oz'- 
em-ah, ap'oz-em) [Gr. air o^epa, from airo away 4- 
to boil]. A medicinal or medicated decoction. 
appalagin (ap-al'aj-in). A gray powder, mercury 
tetraiodophenolphthalein, recommended as a pow- 
erful antiseptic. 
apparatotherapy (ap-ar-at-o-ther'ap-e). Treat- 
ment by mechanic apparatus. 
apparatus (ap-ar-a'tus) [L., from ad to + para're 
to make ready], i. A number of parts acting 
together in the performance of some special func- 
tion. 2. A mechanic appliance or appliances 
used in operations and experiments. 3. Cystotomy 
or lithotomy, absorption a., an apparatus used 
in gas analysis by means of which a portion of the 
substance to be examined is absorbed and its 
quantity thus estimated, acoustic a., auditory 
a., the assemblage of parts essential for hearing, 
biliary a., the parts concerned in the formation, 
conduction, and storage of bile, including the 
secreting cells of the liver, bile-ducts, and gall- 
bladder. Clover's a., a device used in ad- 
ministering ether or chloroform. Desault's a., 
Desault's bandage. See bandage, a. digesto'- 
rius [B N A], the digestive system. Fell- 
O'Dwyer a., an instrument for performing arti- 
ficial respiration and for preventing collapse of the 
lung in chest operations. Finsen's a., a system 
of lenses for applying the violet rays of light in the 
light treatment of disease, a. of Golgi-Rez- 
zonies, spiral filaments seen in the incisures of the 
neurilemma, a. ligamento'sus col'li, the 
occipito-axoid ligament, a. ma'jor, median 
lithotomy, a. mi'nor, lateral lithotomy. Po- 
tain's a., a kind of aspirating apparatus. Prana 
a., an apparatus for making pencils of carbon- 
dioxid snow. Sayre's a., an apparatus for 
suspending a patient during the application of 
a plaster-of-Paris jacket, sound-conducting 
a., those parts of the acoustic apparatus that 
transmit sound, sound-perceiving a., those 
central parts of the acoustic apparatus that are 
essential for the perception of sounds. Soxhlet's 
a., a kind of flask for the extraction of soluble 
constituents. Tailerman's a., an apparatus for 
inclosing an extremity of the body for the purpose 
of applying to it dry hot air in the treatment of 
rheumatism, etc. Taylor's a., a steel support for 
the spine, used in Pott's disease, vocal a., the 
various organs collectively that subserve phona- 
tion. Waldenberg's a., an apparatus for ex- 
hausting or compressing air which is inhaled by the 
patient or into which the patient exhales. Zander 
101 
a., one of the machines, of which there are several 
forms, designed to give exercise and to apply 
manipulations to the body. 
appendage (ap-en'daj). Any thing or part ap- 
pended. auricular a., the projecting part of 
the cardiac auricle, cecal a., the vermiform 
appendix, a's of the eye, the lashes, eye- 
brows, lacrimal apparatus, and conjunctiva, a's 
of the fetus, the umbilical cord, placenta, and 
membranes, ovarian a., the parovarium, a's 
of the skin, the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, 
and sweat-glands, uterine a's, the ligaments of 
the uterus, the oviducts, and the ovaries, ver- 
micular a., the vermiform appendix, vesicular 
a. See appendix vesiculosus. 
appendalgia (ap-en-dal'je-ah) [appendix + Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the region of the appendix. 
appendectomy, appendicectomy (ap-en-dek'- 
to-me, ap-en-dis-ek'to-me) [appendix 4- Gr. 
eKropi] excision]. Surgical removal of the appen- 
dix vermiformis; ccphyadectomy. 
appendical, appendiceal (ap-en'dik-al, ap-en- 
dis'e-al). Pertaining to an appendix. 
appendicealgia (ap"en-dis-e-al'je-ah) [appendix 
+ Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain in the appendix. 
appendicectasis (ap-en-dis-ek'tas-is). A dilated 
condition of the appendix. 
appendicectomy (ap-en-dis-ek'to-me). See ap- 
pendectomy. 
appendices epiploicae (ap-en'dis-ez ep-ip-lo'is-e) 
[L.]. Peritoneal pouches containing fat and joined 
to the large intestine, uterine a., the uterine 
ligaments, oviducts, and ovaries. 
appendicitis (ap-en-dis-i'tis) Inflammation of the 
appendix vermiformis (Mestivier, 1759; Fitz, 
1886). chronic a. See recurrent a. a. by 
contiguity, appendicitis caused by infection 
from neighboring tissues. fulminating a., 
appendicitis marked by sudden onset and rapid and 
fatal development, helminthic a., verminous 
appendicitis, a. larva'ta, latent appendicitis in 
which the infection is in a quiescent state, but liable 
to break forth into activity at any time, masked 
a., appendicitis larvata. a. oblit'erans, ap- 
pendicitis with sclerosis and shrinking of the 
submucous tissue and plastic peritonitis, causing 
obliteration of the lumen of the appendix, per- 
forative a., appendicitis with perforation of the 
organ, protective a. Same as a. obliterans. 
recurrent a., chronic appendicitis in which 
attacks recur after long intervals, relapsing 
a., chronic appendicitis with frequently recurring 
attacks, syncongestive a., non-infective ap- 
pendicitis, marked by the presence of serous in- 
filtrates and occurring synchronously with similar 
congestion of the neighboring tissues, verminous 
a., appendicitis due to the presence of a worm in 
the appendix. 
appendicocecostomy (ap-en"dik-o-se-kos'to-me). 
The operation of draining the appendix into the 
cecum. 
appendico-enterostomy (ap-enz'dik-o-en-ter-os'- 
to-me). 1. Same as appendicostomy. 2. The 
formation of an anastomosis between the appen- 
dix and the intestine. 
appendicostomy (ap-en-dik-os'to-me) [appendix 
Gr. aropa a mouth]. The operation of open- 
ing the vermiform appendix for the purpose of 
irrigating the lower bowel. Called also Weir's 
operation. 
appendicular (ap-en-dik'u-lar). Pertaining to the 
appendix vermiformis. 
appendix (ap-en'diks), pl. appen'dices [L. for appen'- 
dere to hang upon]. An appendage, auricular 
a., a conical muscular pouch forming the upper 
part of each auricle of the heart. Called also 
auricula [B N A]. Q,. cae'ci, appendix vermiformis. 
a. cer'ebri, the pituitary body, ensiform a., 
the xiphoid cartilage, a. epididym'idis, a small 
APPENDIX APPENDOTOME 
102 
AQUA 
pedunculated structure sometimes found near the 
appendix testis, epiploic a. See appendices 
epiploica. a. fasci'olse, prolongations of the neck 
lesions of pellagra on to the sternum, fat a., an 
appendix around which there is an abnormal quan- 
tity of fat. a. flbro'sa hep'atis, a fibrous proc- 
ess formed by the tip of the left lobe of the liver for 
attachment to the diaphragm, filiform a., a 
vermiform appendix in the form of a slender cord, 
not over 2 millimeters in diameter, high a., a 
condition in which the appendix and cecum are 
situated in the right hypochondriac region, just 
below the liver. Called also undescended a. Mor- 
ris' a., a vermiform appendix undergoing fibroid 
degeneration, residual a., the portion of the 
vermiform appendix remaining after abscess of the 
organ treated by drainage, a. of the testicle, 
a. tes'tis [B N A], a small vascular structure 
situated in front of the globus major of the epi- 
didymis. Called also hydatid of Morgagni, unde- 
scended a. See high a. a. ventric'ulse laryn'- 
gis [BN A], the laryngeal pouch, a. vermifor'- 
mis, a worm-like diverticulum of the cecum, vary- 
ing in length from 3 to 6 inches, and about inch 
in diameter. Called also processus vermiformis 
[B N A], a. vesiculo'sa, a small pedunculated 
structure, attached to the fallopian tube near the 
fimbriated cord. Called also hydatid of Morgagni. 
appendotome (ap-en'do-tom). An instrument for 
removal of the appendix. 
apperception (ap-er-sep'shun) [L. ad to 4- perci'- 
pere to perceive]. Conscious perception and ap- 
preciation; the power of receiving, appreciating, 
and interpreting sensory impressions. 
apperceptive (ap-er-sep'tiv). Pertaining to ap- 
perception. 
appetite (ap'et-it) [L. appe'tere to desire]. A nat- 
ural longing or desire, especially that for food, 
perverted a., the longing for unnatural and in- 
digestible things as articles of food. 
applanation (ap-la-na'shun) [L. applana'tio]. Un- 
due flatness, as of the cornea. 
apple (ap'l). The fruit of the rosaceous tree. 
Py'rus ma'lus; also the tree itself. Adam's a. 
See Adam's apple, a. of the eye. 1. The pupil, 
2. The eyeball. 
applicator (ap'lik-a-tor). An instrument for 
making local applications. 
apposition (ap-o-zish'un) [L. apposit'io]. The 
contact of adjacent parts or organs. 
approximal, approximate (ap-rok'sim-al, ap- 
rok'sim-at). Situated close together: said of the 
surfaces of teeth that adjoin. 
apractic (ah-prak'tik). Marked by apraxia. 
apraxia (ah-prak'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- irpaaaeiv to 
do]. Complete loss of power of reproducing co- 
ordinated movements. Mind-blindness; a condi- 
tion in which there is a lack of a proper apprehen- 
sion of the true nature of things, leading to the 
performance of preposterous acts. Called also 
object-blindness and soul-blindness, a. al'gera, a 
hysteric state in which all mental or bodily action 
is prevented by inducing a severe headache, 
cortical a., motor apraxia, ideational a., 
improper use of objects, due to disturbance of a 
proper apprehension of the nature of things, 
ideokinetic a., ideomotor a., a form due to 
an interruption between the ideation center and the 
center for the limb. In it simple movements can 
be performed, but not complicated ones, innerva- 
tion a., motor apraxia, limb-kinetic a., ideo- 
kinetic apraxia, motor a., inability to perform 
acts demanded by the will. 
apraxic (ah-prak'sik). Pertaining to, or marked by, 
apraxia. 
aproctia (ah-prok'she-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- irpuuros 
anus]. Imperforation of the anus. 
apron (a'prun). A covering for the body in front, 
worn by surgeons and nurses. Hottentot a., 
the artificial or abnormal elongation of the nymphae; 
velamen vulvae. Called also pudendal a. 
aprophoria (ap-ro-fo're-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- ■Kpotpe- 
ptiv to present]. Inability to express articulated 
words in speech or writing (Heveroch, 1914). 
aprosexia (ah-pro-sek'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- irpoae- 
Xeiv to heed]. A condition in which there is in- 
ability to fix the attention; inattention due to men- 
tal weakness or to defective hearing, and often 
seen in chronic catarrh of the nose or of the naso- 
pharynx. 
aprosopia (ah-pro-so'pe-ah) [Gr. a neg. + irpoauTrou 
face]. Partial or complete absence of the face. 
apselaphesia (ap"sel-af-e'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 
^i/Xa^ais touch]. Lack or loss of the sense of 
touch. 
apsithyria (ap-sith-i're-ah) [Gr. a neg. + yfiOvpl^eiv 
to whisper]. Hysteric loss of speech and even of 
the power of whispering (J. Solis Cohen, 1883). 
apsychia (ah-sik'e-ah) [Gr. a neg. + \poxv spirit]. 
1. Loss or lack of consciousness. 2. A faint or 
swoon. 
aptyalia, aptyalism (ah-ti-a'le-ah, ah-ti'al-izm) 
[Gr. a priv. + TrruaXifeii' to spit]. Deficiency or 
absence of the saliva. 
apus (a'pus) [Gr. a neg. + ttous foot]. A teratism 
or fetus without feet. 
apyetous (ah-pi'et-us) [Gr. a neg. + irvov pus]. 
Showing no pus; not suppurating. 
apyknomorphous (ah-pik-no-mor'fus) [Gr. a priv. 
+ irvKvbs compact 4- p.op<pq form]. Not pykno- 
morphous; not having the stainable cell-ele- 
ments compactly placed: said of a cell. 
apyogenous (ah-pi-oj'en-us). Not caused by pus. 
apyonin (ah-pi'on-in) [Gr. a neg. 4- ttvov pus]. Yel- 
low pyoktanin; a yellow antiseptic powder used as 
a substitute for pyoktanin in ophthalmic surgery. 
apyous (ah-pi'us) [Gr. a neg. 4- irvov pus]. Having 
no pus; non-purulent. 
apyretic (ah-pir-et'ik) [Gr. a neg. 4- pyretic]. Hav- 
ing no fever; afebrile. 
apyrexia (ah-pir-ek'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- pyrexia]. 
The absence or intermission of fever. 
apyrexial (ah-pi-rek'se-al). Pertaining to apy- 
rexia, or to the stage of intermission of a fever. 
apyrogenetic, apyrogenic (ah-pi"ro-jen-et'ik, 
ah-pi-ro-jen'ik) [Gr. a neg. 4- wvp fever 4- -yev to 
produce]. Not producing fever. 
apyrol (ap'i-rol). A proprietary mixture of antipy- 
rin and quinin sulphate. 
Aq. L. a'qua, water. 
Aq. astr. L. a'qua astric'ta, frozen water. 
Aq. bull. L. a'qua bul'liens, boiling water. 
Aq. com. I., a'qua commu'nis, common water. 
Aq. dest. L. a'qua destilla'ta, distilled water. 
Aq. ferv. L. a'qua per'vens, hot water. 
Aq. fluv. L. a'qua fluvia1jis, river water. 
Aq. font. L. a'qua fonta'na, spring-water. 
Aq. mar. L. a'qua mari'na, sea-water. 
Aq. niv. L. a'qua nivia'lis, snow water. 
Aq. pluv. L. a'qua pluvia'lis, rain water. 
Aq. pur. L. a'qua pu'ra, pure water. 
Aq. tep. L. a'qua tep'ida, tepid water. 
aqua (ah'kwah). 1. Latin for waler. 2. A solu- 
tion of a medicinal substance in water, a. am- 
mo 'nise, water charged with ammonia gas, and 
containing 10 per cent, by weight of gaseous am- 
monia: an antacid and diffusible stimulant. Dose, 
5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). a. ammo'nise for'tior, 
stronger ammonia water, containing 28 per cent, 
by weight of ammonia gas. a. am'nii. See 
liquor amnii. a. amyg'dalffi ama'rae, bitter 
almond water, used like dilute hydrocyanic acid. 
Dose, 2-4 dr. (7.5-15 c.c.). a. ane'thi, dill water: 
carminative. Dose, $-2 fl.oz. (15-60 c.c.). a. AQUACAPSULITIS 
103 
ARACK 
ani'si, anise water: carminative. Dose, 7-2 fl.oz. 
(15-60 c.c.). a. auran'tii flor'um, orange- 
flower water. Dose, 5-2 fl.oz. (15-60 c.c.). a. 
auran'tii flor'um for'tior, stronger orange- 
flowerwater. a. bul'liens, boiling water. a.cal'- 
cis, lime-water, a. cam'phorae, camphor water. 
Dose, J-i fl.oz. (15-30 c.c.). a. carmelita'rum, 
compound spirit of melissa. a. ca'rui, caraway 
water: carminative. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). 
a. chlo'ri, chlorin-water; water charged with 
chlorin: antiseptic and cleansing. Dose, 10-30 
min. (0.666-2 c.c.). a. chlorofor'mi, chloro- 
form water. Dose, 5-2 fl.oz. (15-60 c.c.). a. 
cinnamo'mi, cinnamon water. Dose, |-2 fl.oz. 
(15-60 c.c.). a. colonien'sis, cologne water, 
a. commu'nis, ordinary water, a. creoso'ti, 
creosote water. Dose, 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.). a. 
destilla'ta, distilled water. a. destilla'ta 
steriliza'ta, distilled and sterilized water. a. 
fer vens, hot water, a. fluvia'lis, river water, 
a. foenic'uli, fennel water. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30- 
60 c.c.). a. fonta'na, spring-water or well-water, 
a. for'tis, nitric acid. a. hamamel'idis, water 
of hamamelis, miscalled extract of witch-hazel: 
mainly used as a vulnerary and as a mouth-wash, 
a. hydroge'nii diox'idi, a mixture of water 
and hydrogen dioxid: detergent and antiseptic, 
a. labyrin'thi, the clear fluid in the labyrinth 
of the ear. a. laurocer'asi, cherry-laurel 
water: used like dilute hydrocyanic acid. Dose, 
5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). a. levico, a natural 
arsenoferric water from springs at Levico. a. 
marina, sea-water, a. men'thae piperi'- 
tse, peppermint water. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 
c.c.). a. men'thaB vir'idis, spearmint water. 
Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). a. oc'uli, the 
aqueous humor or fluid of the eye. a. pericar'- 
dii, the pericardial fluid, a. phenola'ta, car- 
bolic acid water, phenolated water, a solution of 
liquid phenol 22 parts in 928 parts of distilled water, 
a. pimen'tae, water of pimenta, or allspice. Dose, 
f-2 fl.oz. (15-60 c.c.). a. pluvia'lis, rain water, 
a. ptychro'tis, Ajowan water: carminative. 
Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). a. re'gia, nitrohydro- 
chloric acid. a. ro'sae, rose-water: mainly used as 
a flavor. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). a. ro'sae 
for'tior, stronger rose-water, a. sambu'ci, el- 
der-flower water. Dose, J fl.oz. (15 c.c.). a. sed- 
ati'va, a preparation of 2 ounces of ammonia 
water, if drams of spirits of camphor, 1 ounce of 
sodium chlorid, and enough water to make one 
pint: used as a sedative application, a. vi'tse, 
brandy. 
aquacapsulitis (ak"wah-kap-su-li'tis) [L. a'qua 
water 4- cap'sula capsule]. See aquocapsulitis. 
aquae (a'kwe). Waters; officially, medicated waters, 
aquaeductus (ak-we-duk'tus). Latin for aqueduct. 
a. cer'ebri [BNA], See aqueduct of Sylvius. 
a. coch'lese, aqueduct of cochlea, a. Syl'vii, 
aqueduct of Sylvius, a. vestib'uli [B N A]. 
See aqueduct of Cotunnius. 
aquaphone (ak'wah-fbn) [L. a'qua water 4- Gr. 
voice]. An instrument resembling a steth- 
oscope for detecting sounds in water pipes. 
aquapuncture (ak'wah-punkt-ur) [L. a'qua water 
4- puncture]. The subcutaneous injection of 
water. 
aqueduct (ak'we-dukt) [L. aquceduc'tus, from a'qua 
water 4- duc'tus canal]. A canal for the conduc- 
tion of a liquid, a. of cochlea, a foramen in 
the temporal bone for a vein from the cochlea, 
a. of Cotunnius, the aqueduct of the vestibule: 
a small canal opening upon the posterior surface 
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and 
transmitting a small vein. a. of Fallopius, the 
canal for the facial nerve in the petrous bone: 
called also facial canal, a. of Sylvius, a pas- 
sage which connects the third and fourth ventri- 
cles of the brain. Called also iter a tertio ad quartum 
ventriculum. a. of the vestibule. See a. of 
Cotunnius. 
aqueous (a'kwe-us) [L. a'qua water]. Watery; 
prepared with water. 
aquinol (ak'win-ol). A brownish disinfectant 
liquor composed of formalin, glycerin, potash 
soap, and thymol. 
aquiparous (ak-wip'ar-us) [L. a'qua water 4- 
par'ere to produce]. Producing water or a watery 
secretion. 
aquocapsulitis (a"kwo-kap-su-li'tis) [L. a'qua 
water + capsulitis]. Serous iritis. 
aquosity (ak-wos'it-e) [L. aquos'itas]. A watery 
state or condition. 
aquula (ak'woo-lah) [L. "little stream"]. The peri- 
lymph (a. exter'nd) or endolymph (a. inter'na). 
arabate (ar'ab-at). A salt of arabic acid. 
arabin (ar'ab-in). An amorphous carbohydrate, 
(CsHioOsh 4- H2O, from gum arabic, soluble in 
water. Called also arabic. acid. 
arabinochloralose (ar-ab"in-o-klo'ral-6s). A 
hypnotic like chloralose, but free from its tetanic 
effects. 
arabinose (ar-ab'in-os). Gum-sugar; a crystalline 
pentose, C5H10O5, derived from vegetable gums by 
boiling with dilute hydrochloric acid. It is solu- 
ble in cold water. 
arabinosuria (ar-ab"in-o-su're-ah). The presence 
of arabinose in the urine. 
arabinulose (ar-ab-in'u-los). A ketopentose. 
arabite (ar'ab-it). A sweet crystalline principle, 
C5H12O5, derivable from arabinose by the action 
of sodium amalgam. 
arabitol (ar-ab'it-ol). An alcohol, C&H?(0H)5, 
formed by the reduction of arabinose. 
arachidic (ar-ak-id'ik) [L. arachis peanut]. Caused 
by peanut kernels; as arachidic bronchitis. 
arachin (ar'ak-in). A globulin isolated from pea- 
nuts. 
Arachis (ar'ak-is). See peanut. 
Arachnida (ar-ak'nid-ah) [Gr. apaxvv spider]. A 
class of the Arthropoda, including the spiders, ticks, 
mites, and scorpions. 
arachnitis (ar-ak-ni'tis) [arachnoid 4- -ins inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the arachnoid. 
arachnodactylia (ar-ak"no-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. 
apaxvv spider 4- SaKrvkos finger]. Spider fingers; 
a condition in which the bones of the fingers, and 
sometimes of the toes, grow extremely long and 
thin. Called also dolichostenomelia. 
arachnoid (ar-ak'noid) [Gr. apaxvv spider 4- elbos 
form]. 1. Resembling a spider's web. 2. A 
delicate membrane interposed between the pia 
mater and the dura mater of the brain and spinal 
cord, being separated from the pia mater by the 
subarachnoid space. 
arachnoidal (ar-ak-noid'al). Of or pertaining to 
the arachnoid. 
Arachnoidea (ar-ak-noi'de-ah). A class of arthro- 
pods including the spiders, mites, and ticks. 
arachnoidea (ar-ak-noid'e-ah). The arachnoid 
membrane. See arachnoid. 
arachnoidism (ar-ak'noi-dizm) [Gr. apaxvv spider]. 
The condition produced by the bite of poisonous 
spiders. 
arachnoiditis (ar"ak-noi-di'tis). Same as arach- 
nitis. 
arachnolysin (ar-ak-nol'is-in) [Gr. apaxvv spider 
4- lysin]. The active hemolytic principle of the 
poison of the garden-spider. 
arachnopia (ar-ak-no'pe-ah) [arachnoid 4- pia]. 
The arachnoid and pia considered as forming one 
organ; the piarachnoid. 
arachnorhinitis (ar-ak"no-ri-ni'tis) [Gr. apaxvv 
spider 4- rhinitis]. Disease of the nasal passages 
caused by the presence of a spider. 
arack, arrack (ar-ak') [East Indian], An alco- 
holic liquor distilled from dates, rice, the sap of 
palms, mahua flowers, etc. ARAEOMETER 
104 
ARCH 
araeometer. See areometer. 
araiocardia (ar-a-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. apaLos thin + 
Kapbia heart]. Same as brachycardia. 
Aralia (ar-a'le-ah) [LJ. A genus of aromatic and 
diaphoretic plants, including petty-morrel (A. 
racemo'sa), dwarf elder (A. his'pida), and other 
plants used in domestic medicine. 
aranein (ar-a'ne-in) [L. ara'nea spider]. A fluid 
from the abdomen of spiders: used in homeopathic 
practice as an embrocation. 
araneous (ar-a'ne-us) [L. ara'neus]. Like a cobweb. 
Aran's cancer, law (ar-ahnz') [Francois Amilcar 
Aran, French physician, 1817-1861]. See under 
cancer and law. 
Arantius, body of, ventricle of (ar-an'she- 
us) [Julius Cassar Arantius (Italian Arantio), an 
Italian anatomist and physician, 1530-1589]. See 
body and ventricle. 
araroba (ar-ar-o'bah) [Brazilian], 1. See Andira. 
2. See Goa powder. 
arasa (ar-a'sah). The root of a Brazilian plant, a 
decoction of whose bark is used in metrorrhagia. 
arbasin (ar-ba'sin). A histon found in the sperma- 
tozoa of the sea-urchin. 
arbor (ar'bor) [L. " a tree "]. The arbor vitas of 
the cerebellum, a. vi'tse. 1. The tree-like set of 
outlines of white substance seen on a median sec- 
tion of the cerebellum. 2. A series of branching 
ridges within the cervix uteri. 3. The tree Thu'ja 
occidenta'lis; also the popular name of other trees 
and species of the same genus. The fresh leaves, 
twigs, and fruit are diaphoretic, diuretic, and em- 
menagogue. Dose of volatile oil, 1-5 min. (0.06- 
0.3 c.c.). 
arborescent (ar-bor-es'ent) [L. arbores'cens]. 
Branching like a tree. 
arborization (ar"bor-iz-a'shun). The branching 
termination of certain nerve-cell processes; also 
a form of the termination of a nerve-fiber when 
in contact with a muscle-fiber. 
arboroid (ar'bo-roid) [L. ar'bor a tree]. Branching 
like a tree. 
arbulith (ar'bu-lith). A proprietary urinary anti- 
septic and uric-acid solvent, a mixture of arbutin 
and hexamethylenamin lithium benzoate. 
arbutin (arTu-tin) [L. A/butus, q. v.]. A crystal- 
line diuretic glucosid, C^HigO?, from Ar'butus 
u'va-ur'si and other ericaceous plants. Dose, 5-15 
gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
Arbutus (ar'bu-tus) [L.]. A genus of ericaceous 
trees and shrubs. A. menzie'sii is the madrono 
of the Pacific States, whose bark is astringent, 
trailing a. See Epigcea. A. une'do, the Euro- 
pean arbutus, is astringent. A. u'va-ur'si. See 
uva-ursi. 
arc (ark) [L. ar'cus bow]. Any part of the circum- 
ference of a circle, auricular a., binauricular 
a., a measurement from the center of one auditory 
meatus to that of the other, bregmatolamb- 
doid a., extends along the course of the sagittal 
suture, mercury a., an electric discharge 
through mercury vapor in a vacuum tube, giving 
off a light rich in ultraviolet and actinic rays, 
nasobregmatic a., a line from the root of 
the nose to the bregma, naso-occipital a., 
extends from the root of the nose to the lowest 
part of the occipital protuberance, neural a., 
a series of four or more neurons forming a complete 
circuit between certain receptors and effectors of 
the body, and constituting the pathway for neural 
reactions, reflex a., an afferent nerve, its nerve- 
center and an afferent nerve, considered as the 
pathway for a reflex act. sensorimotor a., the 
path by which a nerve impulse is carried from a 
sense organ to a muscle. 
arcade (ar-kad'). An anatomic structure com- 
posed of a series of arches. Flint's a., an arterio- 
venous arch at the base of the renal pyramids. 
arcanum (ar-ka'num) [L. " secret "]. A secret 
medicine or nostrum. 
ar cate (ar'kat) [L. arca'tus shaped like a bow]. 
Bow-shaped. 
arcatura (ar-ka-tu'rah) [L. ar'cus bow]. Out- 
ward curvature of the forelegs of horses. 
arcein (ar'se-in). Arecalin hydrobromate: an ener- 
getic miotic agent. 
arch (artsh) [L. ar'cus bow]. Any structure of a 
curved or bow-like outline. In dentistry, the term 
is used to designate the dental arch, abdomino- 
thoracic a., the lower boundary of the front of the 
thorax, abnormal a., a dental arch which varies 
from the normal, alveolar a., the arch of the alve- 
olar process of either jaw. a. of aorta, the curved 
portion of the aorta between the ascending and 
descending portions, aortic a's, a series of five 
pairs of arterial arches of the fetus in the region of 
the neck, branchiala's, i. Same as aortic a's. 
2. Four pairs of cartilaginous arches of the fetus 
in the region of the neck, carpal a's, several 
small arteries supplying the region of the wrist, 
a's of Corti, a series of arches made up of the 
rods of Corti, crural a., femoral a., Pou- 
part's ligament, deep crural a., a band of 
fibers arching in front of the sheath of the femoral 
vessels, dental a., an arch formed by the al- 
veolar process on each jaw, containing teeth and 
covered by the gums, embryonic a's, fetal 
a's, the aortic, branchial, mandibular, hyoid, 
pulmonary, and thyrohyoid arches, epiphyseal 
a., the embryonic structure in the roof of the third 
ventricle from which the pineal and parapineal 
bodies develop, fallopian a., the fallopian 
ligament. See ligament, femoral a., Poupart's, 
ligament. glossopalatine a., the anterior 
pillar of the fauces. Haller's a's, the external 
and internal arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm, 
hemal a., haemal a., the arch formed by the 
body and processes of a vertebra, a pair of ribs, 
and the sternum, or other like parts; also the 
sum of all such arches, hyoid a., the second 
fetal arch which persists in the styloid process, 
the stylohyoid ligament, and lesser cornu of the 
hyoid bone. Langer's axillary a., a thick- 
ened border of fascia forming a bridge across the 
occipital groove, malar a., the zygomatic 
bone, mandibular a., the fetal arch whence 
are developed the jaw bones, with the malleus and 
incus, nasal a., the arch formed by the nasal 
bones and by the nasal processes of the superior 
maxilla, neural a., the arch of a vertebra 
formed by its pedicles and laminae; also the sum of 
all such arches, palatine a's, the pillars of the 
fauces; the two arches of mucous membrane in- 
closing the muscles at the sides of the passage from 
the mouth to the pharynx. They are anterior or 
glossopalatine arches and posterior or pharyngo- 
palatine arches. palmar a., deep, an arch 
formed in the palm by the communicating branch 
of the ulnar and the radial artery, palmar 
a., superficial, an arch in the palm form- 
ing the termination of the ulnar artery, para- 
physeal a., the embryonic structure in the roof 
of the third ventricle of vertebrates from which the 
paraphysis develops. pharyngeal a's, the 
branchial arches of the fetus, pharyngopalatine 
a., the posterior pillar of the fauces, plantar a., 
the arch formed by the external plantar artery and 
the dorsalis pedis, postaural a's, the branchial 
arches, postvelar a., the embryonic structure 
in the roof of the third ventricle from which tela 
choroidea superior develops, pubic a., a portion 
of the pelvis formed by the rami of the ischia 
and of the pubic bone on each side, pulmo- 
nary a., the fifth of the aortic arches on the 
left side: it becomes the pulmonary artery. Rio- 
lan's a., the arch formed by the transverse meso- 
colon. stylohyoid a., one of the embryonic 
arches made up of four segments, viz.: the pharyn- 
gobranchial, which develops into the styloid process; 
the epibranchial, developing into the stylohyoid ARCHEOCYTE 
105 
ARCHOPLASM 
»ligament; the ceratobranchial and the hypobranchial, 
which together develop into the lesser cornu of the 
hyoid bone, supraciliary a., the supraciliary 
ridge, supra-orbital a., a bony arch formed by 
the prominent margin of the orbit, tarsal a., 
either of two arterial arches, derived from the in- 
ternal palpebral arteries, encircling the upper and 
lower lids, tendinous a., the edge of an open- 
ing in a fascia which gives passage to an artery, 
thyrohyoid a., the third fetal arch: its cartilage 
is represented by the greater cornu of the hyoid 
bone. Treitz's a., an arch composed of the left 
superior colic artery and the mesenteric vein, and 
lying between the ascending portion of the duode- 
num and the inner edge of the left kidney, a. of a 
vertebra, the arching portion of a vertebra inclos- 
ing the spinal foramen, viscera a's, the fetal 
arches. Zimmermann's a., a non-existent aortic 
arch of the embryo, formerly supposed to exist and 
to explain the origin of certain occasionally occur- 
ring vessels between the fourth and fifth arches, 
zygomatic a., the arch formed by the malar and 
temporal bones. 
archaeocyte (ar'ke-o-sit). See archeocyte. 
archseus (ar-ke'us). Paracelsus' term for the vital 
principle, the living force in the body or the 
animate universe. 
Archagathus (artsh-ag'ath-us). A Greek surgeon 
who emigrated to Rome in 219 A. d. 
archamphiaster (ark-am'fe-as-ter) [Gr. apxy first 
4- apipl around 4- am-qp star]. Any amphiaster 
producing polar globules. 
Archangelica (ar-kan-jel'ik-ah) [L. from Gr. apxay- 
yeXiKos archangelic]. A genus of umbelliferous 
plants. See Angelica. 
archebiosis (ar"ke-bi-o'sis) [Gr. apxy beginning 4- 
/3los life]. The supposed spontaneous generation 
of organisms. 
archecentric (ar-ke-sen'trik) [Gr. apxy beginning 
4- centric], Denoting a primitive type of struc- 
ture from which the other types in the members 
of the group are derived. 
archegenesis (ar-ke-jen'es-is) [Gr. apxy beginning 
4* yeveais reproduction]. Same as archebiosis. 
archegonium (ar-ke-go'ne-um) [Gr. apxy beginning 
4- ybvos race]. The female organ of a cryptogamic 
plant taking part in the formation of sexually 
produced spores. Cf. antheridium. 
archenteron (ar-ken'ter-on) [Gr. apxy beginning 
4- evrepov intestine]. The cavity formed by the 
invagination of the blastodermic vesicle during 
the gastrula stage, and opening by the blastopore. 
Called also coelenteron. 
archeocyte (ar'ke-o-sit) [Gr. apxaios ancient 4- 
kotos cell]. Any free or wandering ameboid cell. 
archeokinetic (ar"ke-o-kin-et'ik) [Gr. apxaios 
ancient 4- Kivyols motion]. A term applied to the 
primitive type of motor nerve mechanism, as seen 
in the peripheral and ganglionic nervous systems. 
Cf. neokinetic and paleokinetic. 
archepyon (ar-kep'e-on) [Gr. apxy original 4- nbov 
pus]. Very thick, cheesy pus. 
archesperm (ar'ke-sperm). The fertilized contents 
of an archegonium. 
archespore, archesporium (ar'ke-spor, ar-ke- 
spo're-um) [Gr. apxv first + airbpos seed]. The 
mass of cells which give rise to mother spore-cells. 
archetype (ar'ke-tip) [Gr. apxy original 4- tottos 
type]. An ideal, original, or standard type or 
form. 
archiblast (ar'ke-blast) [Gr. apxy first 4- ^Xaarbs 
germ]. 1. The formative material or protoplasm 
of an egg. 2. His' term for the fundamental part 
of the blastodermic layers as distinguished from the 
parablast or peripheral portion of the mesoderm. 
archiblastic (ar-ke-blas'tik). Derived from, or 
pertaining to, the archiblast. 
archiblastoma (ar"ke-blas-to'mah). A tumor de- 
rived from archiblastic or parenchymatous ma- 
terial. 
archicarp (ar'ke-karp). See ascogonium. 
archicenter (ar"ke-sen'ter) [Gr. apxi- first + 
KevTpov center]. An archetype; an organ or or- 
ganism which is the primitive form from which 
another organ or organism is descended. 
archicentric (ar-ke-sen'trik). Pertaining to an 
archicenter. 
archicyte (ar'ke-sit) [Gr. apx<-~ first + kotos cell]. 
A fertilized egg before segmentation has taken place. 
archicytula (ar-ke-sit'u-lah) [Gr. dp%t- first 4- 
kotos cell]. A fertilized egg-cell in the stage in 
which the nucleus is first discernible. 
archigaster (ar'ke-gas-ter) [Gr. apxt- first 4- 
yaaryp belly]. The primitive alimentary canal 
of the embryo. 
archigastrula (ar-ke-gas'tru-lah) [Gr. apxi- first 
4- gastrula], The gastrula in its most primitive 
form of development. 
Archigenes (ar-kij'en-ez). A celebrated Greek 
physician, born at Apamea in Syria. He prac- 
tised in Rome (98-117 a. d.), and wrote several 
works, some portions of which are preserved. 
archigenesis (ar-ke-jen'es-is). Same as arche- 
biosis. 
archigonocyte (ar-ke-gon'o-sit) [Gr. apxi- first 
4- gonocyte]. The primary germ-cell formed by 
segmentation of the fertilized ovum. 
archikaryon (ar-ke-kar'e-on) [Gr. apxi- first 4" 
Kapvov nucleus]. The nucleus of a fertilized egg. 
archil (ar'kil). The lichen Roccel'la tincto'ria; 
also a violet coloring-matter from this and other 
lichens. 
archimonerula (ar"ke-mo-ner'u-lah) [Gr. apxi* 
first 4- monerula], The monerula while under- 
going a primitive and total cleavage. 
archimorula (ar-ke-mor'u-lah) [Gr. apxi- first + 
morula}. A mass of cells arising from the divi- 
sion of the archicytula and preceding the archi- 
gastrula. 
archinephron (ar-ke-nef'ron) [Gr. apxi- beginning 
4- veippos kidney]. The wolffian body. See 
body, wolffian. 
archineuron (ar-ke-nu'ron) [Gr. apxi- beginning 4- 
veopov nerve]. The neuron at which an efferent 
impulse starts (Waldeyer). 
archipallial (ar-ke-pal'e-al). Pertaining to the 
archipallium. 
archipallium (ar-ke-pal'e-um) [Gr. apxi- first 4- 
pallium], The olfactory cortex or pallial portion of 
the rhinencephalon. Cf. neopallium. 
archiplasm (aFke-plazm) [Gr. apxi- first 4- 
TrAaapa something formed]. 1. The most primi- 
tive living matter. 2. The substance of which the 
fertilized ovum consists. 
archisome (ar'ke-som). Archiplasm. 
archispore (ar'ke-spor). Same as archespore. 
archistome (ar'kis-tbm) [Gr. apxi- first 4- a to pa. 
mouth]. Same as blastopore. 
architis (ar-ki'tis) [Gr. apxos anus 4- -it is inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the anus; proctitis. 
archocele (ar'ko-sel) [Gr. apxbs anus 4- Ky\y her- 
nia]. Hernia of the rectum. 
archocystocolposyrinx (ar"ko-sis-to-kol-po-si'- 
rinks) [Gr. apxos anus 4- kv<ttls bladder 4- koXttos 
vagina 4- avpiy^ pipe]. Fistula of the anus, va- 
gina, and bladder. 
archocystosyrinx (ar"ko-sis-to-si'rinks) [Gr. apxbs 
anus 4- kwttis bladder 4* aopiy^ pipe]. Fistula of 
the anus and bladder. 
archon (ar'kon). Vaughan's term for a common 
poisonous radical common to all proteins. 
archoplasm (ar'ko-plazm). Boveri's name for the 
substance composing the attraction sphere and the 
entire achromatic figure. ARCHOPTOMA 
106 
AREA 
archoptoma (ar-kop-to'mah) [Gr. ap*6s anus + 
irrw/za fall]. A prolapsed portion of the rectum. 
archoptosis (ar-kop-to'sis) [Gr. apxos anus 
TTTwais fall]. Prolapse of the lower rectum. 
archorrhagia (ar-kor-ra'je-ah) [Gr. apxos anus + 
priyvbvai to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
rectum. 
archorrhea (ar-kor-e'ah) [Gr. &px°* anus + poia 
flow]. A liquid discharge from the rectum. 
archosome (ar'ko-som). Archiplasm. 
archostegnosis, archostenosis (ar"ko-steg-no'- 
sis, ar"ko-ste-no'sis) [Gr. apxos anus + orevuois 
stricture]. Stricture of the rectum. 
archyl, archyle (ar'kil, ar-ki'le) [Gr. apxi) begin- 
ning + vX-q matter]. Same as prolyl. 
arciform (ar'sif-orm) [L. ar'cus bow + for'ma 
shape]. Bow-shaped; arcuate. 
arctation (ark-ta'shun) [L. arcta'lio]. Contracture 
or narrowing of any canal or opening. 
Arctium (ark'she-um) [L.]. A genus of composite- 
flowered plants. A. lap'pa, the burdock, is diu- 
retic, alterative, and antirheumatic, Dose of 
fluidextract, 10-60 min. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
Arctostaphylos (ark-to-staf'il-os) [Gr. apKros bear 
+ OTapoX-q grape]. A genus of ericaceous plants. 
See uva-ursi. 
arcual, arcuate (ark'u-al, ark'u-at) [L. arcua'lis]. 
Arched; arc-shaped. 
arcuation (ark-u-a'shun) [L. arcua'tio]. Curva- 
ture; especially an abnormal curvature. 
arcus (ar'kus), pl. ar'cus [L.]. An arch, bow, or 
arc. See arch. a. adipo'sus, arcus senilis, a. 
ante'rior atlan'tis [B N A], the anterior arch 
of the atlas, a. aor'tse, the arch of the aorta, a. 
costa'rum [B N A], the arch formed by the 
ribs. a. dentalis [BNA], the dental arch. a. 
glossopalati'nus [B N A], the anterior pillars 
of the fauces, a. juvenalis, a. juvenilis, a 
ring around the corneal margin of the iris, some- 
tomes seen in young persons and resembling the 
arcus senilis, a. lumbocostalis lateralis 
IB N A], the ligamentum arcuatum externum, a. 
umbocostalis medialis [B N A], the liga- 
mentum arcuatum internum, a. palati'ni, the 
pillars of the fauces, a. parieto-occipita'lis, 
the curved convolution formed by the backward 
continuation into the occipital lobe of the superior 
postcentral sulcus, a. pharyngopalati'nus 
[B N A], the posterior pillars of the fauces, a. 
posterior atlan'tis [B N A], the posterior arch 
of the atlas, a. senilis, a ring of degeneration 
seen about the corneal periphery in aged persons, 
a. supercilia'ris [B N A], the superciliary arch, 
a. tar'seus, tarsal arch. See arch. a. tendin'- 
eus, tendinous arcus, a. ver'tebrae [B N A], 
arch of a vertebra, a. vola'ris profun'dus 
[B N A], a. vola'ris superficialis [B N A], the 
palmar arches. See under arch. a. zygomat'- 
icus, the zygomatic arch. 
ardanesthesia, ardansesthesia (ar-dan-es-the'- 
ze-ah) [L. ar'dor heat + anesthesia]. Thermanes- 
thesia. 
ardent (ar'dent) [L. arde're to glow]. 1. Hot or 
feverish. 2. Characterized by eager desire. 
ardor (ar'dor) [L.]. 1. Intense heat. 2. Eager de- 
sire. a. uri'nae, a scalding sensation during the 
passage of urine, a. ventric'uli, pyrosis or 
heartburn. 
area (a're-ah) [L.]. A limited space or plane sur- 
face. a. acus'tica [B N A], Same as trigonum 
acuslici. alisphenoid a., the surface of the great 
wing of the sphenoid bone. a. amniot'ica, the 
transparent part of the human embryo, an- 
teroparietal a., the part of the outer surface 
of the parietal bone in front of the parietal eminence, 
aortic a., the area on the chest over the inner 
end of the second costal cartilage, association 
a's, areas in the cerebral cortex whose function it 
is to correlate the impressions received and start 
motor impulses in harmony with them, auditory 
a., an auditory center. Betz cell a. See psy- 
chomotor a. Broca's a. an area of gray matter 
between the middle olfactory root and the peduncle 
of the callosum: it is the area for speech, catch- 
ment a., the area from which water will flow 
to a water supply, a. cel'si. Same as alopecia 
areata. Cohnheim's a's, dark areas outlined 
by bright matter, seen on cross-section of a 
muscle-fiber, cord a., that part of the cere- 
bral cortex where lesions will produce degen- 
eration of the spinal cord, cortical a., a por- 
tion of the cerebral cortex which can be dif- 
ferentiated structurally from neighboring por- 
tions. a. cribro'sa, the macula cribrosa. a. of 
critical definition, that part of an optic image 
within which the detail is clear, crural a., a space 
at the base of the brain between the chiasm and the 
pons, dangerous a., the ciliary region of the eye. 
so called because when injured the gravest results 
may follow, embryonic a., the area germina- 
tiva. excitable a., the motor area in the cerebral 
cortex, excitomotor a., that area of the 
cerebral cortex which incites voluntary motion. 
Flechsig's a's, three areas, anterior, lateral, and 
posterior, on each half of the medulla oblongata, 
marked out by the fibers of the vagus and hypoglos- 
sal nerves, frontal a., the convex surface of the 
frontal bone, frontoparietal a., the frontal lobe 
of the cerebrum with the ascending parietal convo- 
lution. genital a's, areas on the inferior turbinal 
and upper part of the nasal septum which become 
engorged during menstruation, germinal a., 
a. germinati'va, the round place on one side of 
the vitelline membrane where the development of 
the embryo begins, glove-a., an area of anesthe- 
sia of the fingers, hand, and wrist in certain cases of 
multiple neuritis, hyaline a's, limited areas of 
hyaline substance surrounding the cell-nests in 
elastic cartilage, hysterogenic a's. See hystero- 
genic points, under point. Kiesselbach's a., an 
area on the anterior part of the nasal septum above 
the intermaxillary bone. Krbnig's a. See Kro- 
nig's field, under field, a's of Langerhans. 
See islands of Langerhans, under island. Lannier- 
Hackerman a., the region of the lower pharynx 
and upper esophagus, where diverticula most fre- 
quently develop, a. luna'ta, a cerebellar area 
situated cephalad of the postlunate fissure, a. 
martegia'ni, a slightly enlarged space at the optic 
disk, marking the beginning of the hyaloid canal, 
midfrontal a., the median part of the frontal 
area, mitral a., the area on the chest over the 
apex of the heart, motor a., the ascending 
frontal and ascending parietal convolutions 
where the nerve-centers for motion are thought 
to be situated, occipital a. i. The area of 
the brain below the occipital bone. 2. The outer 
surface of the occipital bone above the superior 
curved line, olfactory a., the cerebral area, 
including the olfactory bulb, tract, and trigone, 
and the anterior portion of the callosal convolu- 
tion and the uncus, a. opa'ca, the outer opaque 
part of the germinal area. a. parapyramida'lis, 
the area of the cerebellum lying caUdad of the 
parapyramidal fissure, parietal a., that por- 
tion of the brain below the parietal bone on 
each side. a. parolfactoTia [brocse]. Same 
as Broca's a. a. pellu'cida, the central clear 
part of the germinal area. a. perfora'ta, the 
perforated space. See space, a. placenta'lis, 
that part of the ectoderm of the ovum which 
is connected with the wall of the uterus, pos- 
teroparietal a., that part of the outer surface 
of the parietal bone that lies behind the pari- 
etal eminence, a. postpterygoi'dea, the area 
of the cerebellum situated caudad to the area 
pterygoidea. a. po stre 'ma, an area on the floor of 
the fourth ventricle bounded by the tenia medul- 
laris and the funiculus separans. precentral a. 
See psychomotor a. projection a's, Flechsig's 
name for the areas of the cerebral cortex which are 
concerned in the sensory and motor functions of AREATUS 
107 
ARGENTAMIN 
the brain, being connected by projection fibers with 
the underlying parts of the central nervous system, 
psychomotor a., the area of the cerebral cortex 
which is concerned with the integration and the ef- 
ferent transmission of the motor expression of the 
results of sensorial stimulation. It is situated just in 
front of the central fissure of Rolando. It corre- 
sponds with the precentral area of Campbell and is 
also known as the Betz cell area. a. pterygoi'dea, 
the area of the cerebellum between the postlunate 
and the postpterygoid fissures, pulmonary a., 
an area on the chest at the second left intercostal 
space where sounds formed at the pulmonary orifice 
of the right ventricle are heard best, rolandic a., 
the excitomotor region of the brain, sensation 
a., sense a., the area of distribution of a particular 
sensory nerve, sensorial a., the general sur- 
face of the cerebrum, especially that part which 
lies between the interparietal, parietal, occipital, 
and callosomarginal fissure, septala., themesial 
surface of either half of the septum lucidum. 
silent a., an area of the brain surface injury of 
which produces no motor or sensory impressions: 
now called association a. Spencer's a., an area 
on the cortex of the frontal lobe of the brain just 
outside of the olfactory tract and anterior to the 
point where it joins the temporosphenoid lobe. 
Faradic stimulation of this area influences respira- 
tory movements, a. spongio'sa, the peripheral 
part of the dorsal gray column of the spinal cord 
adjoining the substantia gelatinosa. squamoso- 
temporal a., the outer surface of the squamous 
bone. a. stria'ta, the part of the occipital lobe 
of the cerebral cortex containing the line of Gennari; 
it is the visual center, subumbilical a., a 
patch of superficial tenderness on the abdominal 
surface, superfrontal a., the upper part of 
the frontal area, temporal a., a patch above 
the temporal fossa, reaching to the outer canthus 
of the eye. tricuspid a., the area of the chest 
wall over the lower portion of the body of the 
sternum, where the sounds formed at the tri- 
cuspid valve are best heard, trigger a., an 
area, stimulation of which may cause physiologic or 
pathologic changes in another area. a. vascu- 
lo'sa, that part of the area opaca where the blood- 
vessels are first seen, vertical a., an area of ten- 
derness exactly over the vertex, visual a., the 
angular gyrus and occipital lobe, visuopsychic 
a., the area of the cerebral cortex concerned in 
the interpretation of visual sensations, visuo- 
sensory a., the area of the cerebral cortex con- 
cerned in the reception of visual sensations, a. 
vitelli'na, the yoke area in mesoblastic eggs be- 
yond the area vasculosa. Wernicke's a., a 
cerebral area composed of supramarginal and 
angular convolutions and portions of the first and 
second temporal convolutions. 
areatus (ar-e-a'tus). Occurring in patches. 
Areca (ar'e-kah) [L.; East Indian]. 1. A genus of 
palm trees, chiefly Asiatic. A. cat'echu affords 
betel-nut and an inferior catechu. The fruit is 
tonic, astringent, and anthelmintic. Dose of 
fluidextract, 60-180 min. (3-75~11 -25 C.C.). 
arecaidin (ar-e-ka'id-in). Methyl tetrahydronico- 
tinic acid, C7H11NO2, an artificial derivative of 
arecalin: anthelmintic. 
arecain (ar'e-ka-in). A colorless, crystalline alka- 
loid, C7HnNO24-H2O, from betel-nut. It has 
vermifuge properties and is actively poisonous. 
arecalin (ar'ek-al-in). An oily miotic and an- 
thelmintic alkaloid, ChH13NO2, from betel-nut. 
Dose, ^<5-^4 gr. (0.003-0.006 gm.). a. hydro- 
bromate, a white, crystalline compound, CsHt3- 
NO2.HBr: used as a miotic in a 1 per cent, solu- 
tion and as an anthelmintic in veterinary medi- 
cine. 
arecane, arekane (ar'ek-an). An oily, volatile 
base from betel-nut: purgative, sialogogue, and 
heart depressant. 
arecin (ar'es-in). 1. Areca-red: a pigment from 
betel-nut. 2. An incorrect form of aricin. 
arecolin (ar-ek'o-lin). Same as arecalin. 
areflexia (ah-re-flek'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. -j- reflex]. 
Absence of reflexes. 
aregenerative (ah-re-jen'er-a-tiv). Characterized 
by absence of regeneration, more especially of 
blood-corpuscles in aplastic anemia. 
arenation (ar-en-a'shun) [L. are'na sand]. Am- 
motherapy; treatment of disease by hot sand- 
baths. 
arenoid (ar'en-oid) [L. are'na sand + Gr. eabos 
form]. Resembling sand. 
areola (ar-e'o-lah), pl. are'ola [L. dim. of a'rea 
space], i. Any minute space or interstice in a 
tissue. 2. The darkish ring around the nipple. 
Chaussier's a., the areola of induration of a 
malignant pustule, a. papilla'ris, the darkened 
ring around a woman's nipple, second a., a ring 
which, during pregnancy, surrounds the areola pa- 
pillaris. umbilical a., a pigmented patch which 
sometimes surrounds the navel, vaccinal a., the 
ring of redness that surrounds a vaccine pustule. 
areolar (ar-e'o-lar). Containing minute interspaces, 
areolitis (ar-e-o-li'tis). Inflammation of the areola 
of the breast. 
areometer (ar-e-om'et-er) [Gr. apaios light + 
p.erpov measure]. A hydrometer. 
areometric (ar-e-o-met'rik). Pertaining to hy- 
drometry. 
areometry (ar-e-om'et-re). Hydrometry. 
Aretseus (ar-et-e'us). A famous Greek physician, 
born in Cappadocia: lived in the first century a. d. 
He wrote a work on acute and chronic diseases in 
eight books. 
arevareva (ah-ra"vah-ra'vah) [Tahitian]. A severe 
skin disease, with general decay of the vital powers, 
said to be due to excessive use of kava. 
Arg. Abbreviation for L. ar gen'him, silver. 
argaldin (ar-gal'din). An albumin-silver prepara- 
tion, said to liberate formaldehyd when in contact 
with mucous surfaces: used in nose and throat work. 
argamblyopia (ar"gam-ble-o'pe-ah) [Gr. &pyos 
idle + amblyopia], Amblyopia due to long dis- 
use of the eye. 
Argand burner [Aime Argand, Swiss physicist, 
I755~i8o3]. See burner. 
Argas (ar'gas). A genus of ticks. A. minia'tus, 
a tick found in fowls and transmitting the organism 
of spirillosis. A. per'sicus, the Persian tick or 
miana bug; a tick found in the north of Persia 
whose bite is said to cause a peculiar disease 
marked by pain, delirium, and convulsions. It is 
the intermediary host of certain spirochetes. A. 
reflex'us, a tick found on pigeons. 
Argasidse (ar-gas'id-e). A family of the Ixodidae, 
distinguished from the true ticks by absence of the 
scutum. The genera are: Argas, Ornithodorus, 
and Alectorobius. 
Argasinae (ar-gas'i-ne). A subfamily of the Arach- 
nidae, including the ticks. 
argatoxyl (ar-gah-toks'il). A monosilver salt of 
paraminophenylarsonic acid, used in septic condi- 
tions. 
argein (ar'je-in). A colloidal silver proteinate 
recommended for use in gonorrhea. 
argenol (ar'jen-ol). An antiseptic silver albuminoid 
preparation. 
argentalbuminose (ar-jen-tal-bu'min-os). Silver 
nitrate ethylenediaminalbuminose: used in gon- 
orrhea in 0.25 per cent, solution. 
argentamid (ar-jen-tam'id) [L. argen'tum silver 4- 
amid]. An astringent and antiseptic liquid prepa- 
ration of silver. 
argentamin (ar-jen-tam'in) [L. argen'tum silver + 
amin], A colorless liquid, consisting of a solution 
of silver phosphate in an aqueous solution of 
ethylenediamin. It is used in gonorrhea and con- 
junctivitisin 1:4000 solution; also as a disinfectant. ARGENTARSYL 
108 
ARM 
argentarsyl (ar-jen-tar'sil). A preparation of iron 
cacodylate and colloidal silver: used in malaria. 
argentation (ar-jen-ta'shun) [L. ar gen'turn silver). 
Staining with a silver salt. 
argen'ti bro'midum, a. chlo'ridum, etc. See 
under silver. 
argentic (ar-jen'tik). Containing silver in its 
higher valency. 
argentide (ar-jen'tld). A proprietary concentrated 
solution of silver iodid: used as a germicide in 
cystitis, gonorrhea, etc. 
argentiform (ar-jen'tif-orm). Silver hexamethyl- 
enamin, a salt said to contain 35 per cent, of silver 
and having germicidal power. 
argentine (ar-jen'tin) [L. argenti'nus]. Pertain- 
ing to or containing silver. 
argentol (ar'jen-tol). Quinaseptol silver, a com- 
pound, C9H5N.SO2(OH)OAg, used as a local astrin- 
gent and antiseptic in surgery and for gonorrhea. 
argentose (ar'jen-tos). An astringent and germ- 
icidal silver compound. 
argentous (ar-jen'tus). Containing silver in its 
lower valency. 
argentum (ar-jen'tum), gen. argen'ti. Latin for 
silver. See silver. 
arginase (ar'jin-as). A ferment existing in the liver 
which splits arginin into urea and ornithin. 
arginin (ar'jin-in). An amino-acid, amino-guamidin 
valerianic acid, NH2C(NH)2(CH2)3CHNH2CO2H, 
produced by the hydrolysis or digestion of proteins. 
It is one of the hexone bases (Schulze and Steiger, 
1886). 
argobol (ar'go-bol). A yellowish-white powder said 
to contain 20 per cent, of silver, used in gonorrhea, 
vaginitis, and metritis. 
argoferment (ar-go-fer'ment). A preparation of 
colloidal silver electrolytically prepared. 
argol, argols (ar'gol, ar'golz). Crude cream of 
tartar from wine-casks. 
argon (ar'gon) [Gr. apybs inert). A chemic ele- 
ment discovered in the atmosphere in 1895. It 
is one of the inert gases; its symbol is A; its 
atomic weight is 39.88. 
argonin (ar'go-nin). A white powder consisting 
of a combination of silver nitrate and casein. It 
is soluble in water and contains 4.25 per cent, of 
metallic mercury: usedin 1-2 per cent, solution as 
an injection in gonorrhea and in ophthalmia neona- 
torum. 
argulan (ar'gu-lan). A sulfamino-antipyrin-mer- 
cury compound recommended by Kolle in the 
treatment of relapsing fever. 
argydide (ar-ji'did). A proprietary silver prepara- 
tion, known as milk of silver iodid; said to be a 
non-irritating antiseptic for local use. 
Argyll Robertson pupil [Douglas Argyll Rob- 
ertson, Scotch physician, 1837-1908]. See pupil. 
argyn (ar'jin). A proprietary colloid compound of 
silver oxid and serum albumin: used like argyrol. 
argyria (ar-jir'e-ah) [Gr. apyvpos silver]. Discol- 
oration of the skin or tissues, due to the free use of 
silver preparations. 
argyric (ar-ji'rik). Pertaining to, or caused by, 
silver. 
argyrin (ar'jir-in). An alkaloid from horse-chest- 
nut: useful in hemorrhoids. 
argyrol (ar'jir-ol). A vitellin silver preparation in 
the form of brown scales, soluble in water: used 
in gonorrhea, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, etc., in a 
0.5-2.5 per cent, solution. 
argyrosis (ar-jir-o'sis) [Gr. apyvpos silver]. Ar- 
gyria or other abnormal or diseased condition due 
to the use of a silver preparation. 
arheol (ah-re'ol). A proprietary name for santalol: 
used in gonorrheal urethritis, cystitis, etc. Dose, 
3 gr. (0.2 gm.). 
arhinencephalia (ah"rin-en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. a 
neg. + rhinencephalon]. Congenital absence of 
the rhinencephalon; cyclopia. 
arhinia (ah-rin'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. + pis nose). 
Congenital absence of the nose. 
arhovin (ar-ho'vin). A combination of diphenyl- 
amin and thymolbenzoic acid ester: used in gon- 
orrhea. 
arhythmia (ah-rith'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. + pvOpbs 
rhythm). Any variation from the normal rhythm 
of the heart-beat. The various forms of arhythmia 
are: sinus arhythmia, extrasystole, heart-block, au- 
ricular fibrillation, auricular flutter, pulsus alter- 
nans, and paroxysmal tachycardia, continuous 
a., irregularity in the force, equality, and sequence 
of the pulse-beat, continuing as a permanent phe- 
nomenon: called also perpetual a. inotropic 
a., disturbance of the cardiac rhythm due to dis- 
turbances of the contractility of the heart muscle, 
nodal a. See nodal rhythm, under rhythm, per- 
petual a., arhythmia occurring as a permanent 
condition, respiratory a., an exaggeration of 
the normal respiratory increase and expiratory de- 
crease in the frequency of the heart's action. Called 
also juvenile a. and sinus irregularity, sinus a., 
irregularity of the heart-beat dependent on inter- 
ference with the impulses originating at the sino- 
auricular node. 
arhythmic (ah-rith'mik) [Gr. a priv. + pvOpbs 
rhythm). Characterized by absence of rhythm. 
aricin (ar'is-in) [Arica, a town of Chili). An alka- 
loid, C23H>6N2O4, from a variety of cinchona bark, 
with properties analogous to quinin. 
aril (ar'il) [L. aril'lus dried grape). An accessory 
covering or appendage of seeds. 
arillode (ar'il-od). An appendage of certain seeds 
attached to the micropyle or raphe. 
aristin (ar-is'tin). A crystalline principle from 
various species of Aristolochia. 
aristochin (ar-is'to-kin). A white, tasteless pow- 
der, diquinin carbonic ester, containing 96 per 
cent, of quinin. 
aristogenics (ar-is-to-jen'iks) [Gr. apcaros best 4- 
-yev to produce). Same as eugenics. 
aristol (ar-is'tol) [Gr. apcaros best]. Dithymol- 
diiodid, (CH3)2CH.C6H2I(OH).CH3, a brownish-red 
powder: used as a deodorant antiseptic dressing 
like iodoform. It is used either in the form of the 
powder or in a 5-10 per cent, ointment made with 
lanolin or vaselin. Called also annidalin and 
iodothymol. 
Aristolochia (ar"is-to-lo'ke-ah) [L.; Gr. apurros 
best + Xoxta lochia). A genus of shrubs and 
herbs of many species: often actively medicinal. 
See serpentaria and guaco. 
aristolochin (ar"is-to-lo'kin). A bitter principle 
obtainable from Aristolo'chia serpenta'ria and other 
plants of the same genus. 
aristoquin (ar-is'to-kwin). Same as aristochin. 
arithmomania (ah"rith-mo-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. apcdpos 
number + pavia madness]. The insane habit of 
counting, with worriment about numbers. 
arkyochrome (ar'ke-o-krom) [Gr. apKvs net 4- 
XP&pa color]. Any nerve-cell in which the chro- 
matic substance arranges itself in the form of a 
network. Cf. gyrochrome, perichrome, and sticho- 
chrome. 
arkyostichochrome (ar"ke-o-stik'o-krom) [Gr. 
apKvs net 4- ariyos row 4- xP^pa color). Any 
nerve-cell which is both an arkyochrome and a 
stichochrome. 
arlco-urease (arl'ko-u're-as). A preparation of the 
enzyme of soy bean. As it decomposes urea it is 
employed in the quantitative estimation of urea in 
the secretions of the body. 
Arlt's operation, sinus, trachoma (arltz) 
[Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt, oculist in Vienna, 1812- 
1887]. See under operation, sinus, and trachoma. 
arm (arm) [L. ar'mus]. The upper extremity from 
the shoulder to the hand; also, the part between ARMAMENTARIUM 
109 
ARSENIC 
'the shoulder and the elbow as distinguished from 
the forearm, bird a., reduction in size of the 
forearm from atrophy of the muscles, glass a., a 
neurosis seen in baseball pitchers, marked by 
spasm of the pronator teres muscles, golf-a., a 
form of neurosis seen in golf-players after excessive 
exercise. 
armamentarium (ar"mah-men-ta're-um) [L.]. 
The outfit of a practitioner or institution, includ- 
ing books, instruments, medicines, and surgical 
appliances. 
armarium (ar-ma're-um) [LJ. Same as arma- 
mentarium. 
armature (aEmat-ur) [L. armatu'ra a defensive 
apparatus]. The iron bar or keeper across the 
open end of a horse-shoe magnet. 
Armenian bole (ar-me'ne-an). A pale, reddish 
clay used in tooth-powders and sometimes for 
aphthae. 
armilla (ar-mil'ah), pl. armil'la [L. "bracelet"]. 
The annular enlargement of the wrist. 
armoracia (ar-mo-ra'she-ah) [L.]. Horse-radish. 
See Cochlearia. 
Arnal dus Villanova'nus. A celebrated physi- 
cian, born about 1235, who wrote extensively on 
medicine, alchemy, and religion. 
Arneth's formula (ar-nats') [Joseph Arneth, Ger- 
man physician, born 1873]. See under formula. 
Arnica (ar'nik-ah) [L.]. A genus of composite- 
flowered plants. The flower-heads (a/nica Jlo'res) 
or root {a/niece ra'dix) of A. mon'tana, or leopard's 
bane, are used as a cardiac stimulant, but in large 
doses are a poisonous depressant. It is largely em- 
ployed in homeopathic practice. Dose of tincture, 
5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of the extract of the root, 
1-3 gr- (0.066-0.2 gm.); of the fluidextract of the 
root, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of the tincture of 
the root, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). The prepa- 
rations of arnica are extensively employed for 
sprains, bruises, and painful swellings. 
arnicin (ar'nis-in). 1. A bitter, acrid glucosid, 
C20H30O4, from arnica. 2. A resinous basic prin- 
ciple, C35H54O7, from arnica flowers. 
Arnold's canal, ganglion, etc. [Friedrich Arnold, 
German anatomist, 1803-1890]. See canal, gang- 
lion, etc. 
aroma (ah-ro'mah) [Gr. apupa spice]. The frag- 
rance or odor, especially that of a spice or medi- 
cine or of articles of food or drink. 
aromatic (ar-o-mat'ik) [L. aromat'icus; Gr. &pw- 
pariKos]. 1. Having a spicy odor. 2. A medici- 
nal substance with a spicy fragrance and stim- 
ulant qualities, a. compounds, a. series. 
See closed chain, under chain. 
aromatin (ar-o'mat-in). 1. A commercial prepara- 
tion used as a substitute for hops: said to be from 
gentian root. 2. A commercial preparation said to 
be a precipitated phosphate of iron. 
aromin (ar-o'min). A fragrant alkaloid from urine 
containing benzene derivatives. 
Aronson's serum (ar'on-sunz) [Hans Aronson, 
German bacteriologist, 1865-1919]. See under 
serum. 
arphoaline (ar-fo'al-in). An albumin preparation, 
each gram of which contains 0.006 gm. of arsenic 
with phosphorus: used in cancer. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.25-1 gm.). 
arrachment (ar-ash-mahw'). Extraction of a 
membranous cataract by pulling out the capsule 
through a corneal incision. 
arrack (ar'ak). See arack. 
arrectores pilorum (ar-ek-to'rez pi-lo'rum) [L. 
"the raisers of the hair"]. The minute involun- 
tary muscles of the skin whose contraction pro- 
duces the appearance called cutis anserina, or 
goose-flesh. 
arrested (ar-es'ted). Detained; stopped. The 
head of the child is said to be arrested when it is 
detained, but not impacted, in the pelvic cavity. 
arrhenal (ar-e'nal). Disodium methylarsenate, 
CHaOAsfONa)'. a crystalline compound used as 
a tonic in malarial cachexia, tuberculosis, can- 
cer, etc. Called also stenosin and neoarsycodyl. 
Dose, gr. (0.033-0.097 gm.). 
arrhinencephalia (ah"rin-en-sef-a'le-ah). See 
arhinencephalia. 
arrhinia (ah-rin'e-ah). See arhinia. 
arrhythmia (ah-rith'me-ah). Same as arhythmia. 
arrhythmic. See arhythmic. 
arrosion (ar-o'zhun) [L. ab away + ro'dere to 
gnaw]. Wasting away of a vessel-wall under 
pressure. 
arrow, caustic (ar'o). An arrow-shaped bit of 
nitrate of silver or other caustic substance: used 
mainly for insertion into malignant tumors. 
arrowroot. A nutrient starch derived from the 
rhizome of Maran'ta arundina'cea and other plants. 
It is used as a non-irritating food in fevers and 
conditions of gastric irritability. 
arsabenzol (ar-sab-en'zol). Salvarsan. 
arsacetin (ars-as'e-tin). Sodium para-acetyl-amino- 
phenyl-arsinate, or acetyl-atoxyl, CH3.CO.NH.C5- 
H4-As0.0H(0Na), a white, crystalline powder, an 
organic arsenic compound, used in syphilis and 
protozoan diseases (Ehrlich). Dose, subcutane- 
ously, 1 J-9 gr. (0.1-0.6 gm.); internally, 1 gr. 
(0.065 gm.) three times a day. 
arsamin (aFsam-in). Same as atoxyl. 
arsaminol (ar-sam'in-ol). A Japanese make of 
salvarsan. 
ar san (ar'san). A compound of arsenic and glidin, 
used in skin and protozoan diseases. 
arsanilate (ar-san'il-at). A salt of arsenilic acid, 
arsenate (ar'sen-at). Any salt of arsenic acid, 
arsenauro (ar-sen-aw'ro). An antiluetic solution 
of the bromids of gold and arsenic. 
arsenfast (ar-sen-fast'). Resistant to the action of 
arsenic. 
arsenferratose (ar-sen-fer'at-os). A solution of 
ferratin in syrup: alterative and tonic. 
arsenglidin (ar-sen-gli'din). Same as arson. 
arsenhemol (ar-sen-hem'ol). A compound of 
arsenic with hemol. It is a brown powder: used 
as an alterative and hematinic in nervous and 
skin diseases. Dose, gr. (0.1 gm.), in pills 
three times a day. 
arseniasis (ar-sen-i'as-is). Chronic arsenical 
poisoning. 
arsenic (ar-sen'ik). Pertaining to or containing 
arsenic in its pentad valency. 
arsenic (ar'sen-ik) [L. arsen'icum, arse'nium, or 
arse'num; from Gr. ∥v strong]. 1. An ele- 
ment whose salts are medicinal and poisonous: 
it is a brittle, lustrous, grayish solid, with a gar- 
licky odor. Symbol, As; atomic weight, 74.9; 
specific gravity, 5.8. The salts of arsenic are 
used medicinally as tonics and alteratives in 
chronic malaria, anemia, asthma, scrofula, and 
in chronic eczema, etc. 2. A popular name for 
arsenic trioxid (q. v.). a. bromid, a crystalline 
compound, AsBr3: used in diabetes. . Dose, ^r~ 
i gr. (0.0022-0.008 gm.), a. chlor id, a very 
poisonous liquid, AsCl3. a. disulphid, realgar, 
AS2S2: employed as a pigment, and sometimes 
as a medicine, a. io did, a red, crystalline com- 
pound, AsI3: used in coryza and skin diseases. 
Dose, gr. (0.002 gm.), a. trichlorid, AsCh, 
one of the constituents of the lethal war gas 
vincennite. a. trioxid, white arsenic or arsenous 
acid, a white or glassy compound, AS2O.3, with a 
sweetish taste: used locally as a depilatory and 
caustic. It has been used in 0.1 per cent, solution 
in trypanosome diseases. Dose, gr- (0.0022- 
0.004 gm.). Li'quor ac'idi arseno'si is a 1 per cent, 
solution, and is given in doses of 3-5 min. (0.2-0.3 ARSENICAL 
110 
ARTERIASIS 
c.c.). a. trisulphid, orpiment, AS2S3: employed 
as a pigment and sometimes as a medicine, white 
a., arsenic trioxid. 
arsenical (ar-sen'ik-al) [L. arsenica'lis}. Pertain- 
ing to or containing arsenic. 
arsenicalism, arsenism (ar-sen'ik-al-izm, ar'sen- 
izm). Chronic arsenical poisoning. 
arsenic-fast (ar'sen-ik-fast). See arsenfast. 
arsenicophagy (ar"sen-ik-of'aj-e) [arsenic + Gr. 
tpayeiv to eat]. The habit of eating arsenic. 
arsenicum (ar-sen'ik-um) [L.]. See arsenic. 
arsenid, arsenide (ar'sen-id). Any compound of 
arsenic with another element. 
arsenionization (ar-sen-e-o-niz-a'shun). The 
electric administration of the ions of arsenic as a 
protozoacid. 
arsenious, arsenous (ar-sen'e-us, aFsen-us). 
Containing arsenic in its lower or triad valency, 
a. acid. See under acid. 
arsenite (ar'sen-it). Any salt of arsenous acid. 
arsenium (ar-se'ne-um) [L.]. The element arsenic, 
arsenization (ar-sen-iz-a'shun). Treatment with 
arsenic. 
arsenobenzene (ar"sen-o-ben'zen). A general 
term for the various arsenic compounds used in 
the treatment of spirochetal diseases. 
arsenobenzol (ar"sen-o-ben'zol). See salvarsan. 
arsenobillion (ar-sen o-be'yon). The name given 
to a British-made salvarsan. 
arsenoblast (ar-sen'o-blast) [Gr. aparfv male + 
^\aarbs germ]. The male element of a sexual 
cell: a masculonucleus. 
arsenoceptor (ar-sen'o-sep-tor). A supposed 
chemic affinity in cells for arsenical preparations. 
arsenocerebrin (ar"sen-o-ser'e-brin). A proprie- 
tary preparation of cerebrin and sodium cacody- 
late for hypodermic use. 
arsenoferratin (aF'sen-o-feFat-in). An arsenic 
iron albumin compound. Dose, 7I gr. (0.5 gm.). 
arsenogen (ar-sen'o-jen). A combination of iron 
(16 per cent.), phosphorus (2 per cent.), and arsenic 
(14 per cent.) with paranucleic acid. 
arsenohemol (ar"sen-o-he'mol). Same as arsen- 
hemol. 
arsenohygrol (ar-sen-o-hi'grol). A silver arsenic 
compound: used for syphilis. 
arsenophagy (ar-sen-of'aj-e) [L. arse'nium arsenic 
4- Gr. <pa.yeiv to eat]. The habit of eating 
arsenic. 
arsenophenol (aF'sen-o-fe'nol). An organic ar- 
senical preparation, (OHCeH4As)2, which has been 
employed as a spirillicide. 
arsenophenylglycin (ar-sen-o-fen-il-gli'sin). A 
compound, AsC6H4.NH.CH2.COOH, obtained by 
reducing the condensation product of atoxyl and 
chloracetic acid: used in trypanosomiasis. 
arsenostyracol (ar"sen-o-sti'rak-ol). A prepara- 
tion of arsenic and guaiacol cinnamic ester: used in 
tuberculosis. 
arsenotherapy (ar"sen-o-ther'ap-e) [arsenic 4- Gr. 
Oepaireia treatment]. Treatment of disease by the 
use of arsenic and arsenical preparations. 
arsenotriferrin (ar"sen-o-tri-fer'in). Arsentri- 
ferrin. 
arsenous (aFse-nus). Containing arsenic in its 
lower valency, a. acid. See under acid. 
arsenoxid (ar-sen-oks'id). A poisonous com- 
pound, m-amino-p-hydroxyphenylarsenous oxid, 
formed in the tissues of the body by the re- 
duction of salvarsan after mixed mercurial and 
salvarsan treatment. 
arsenpheno lamin (aF'sen-fe-nol-am'in). Same as 
salvarsan. 
arsentriferrin (ar-sen-tri-fer'in). A proprietary 
iron arsenoparanucleate containing iron, arsenic, 
and phosphorus. Used in anemia, neurasthenia, 
hysteria, and skin diseases. Dose, 5 gr. (0.33 gm.) 
three times a day after meals. 
arsenum (ar-se'num). Latin for arsenic. 
arsenyl (ar'sen-il). Same as arrhenal. 
arsin (ar7sin). Any member of a peculiar group 
of volatile arsenical bases, formed when arsenous 
acid is brought in contact with albuminous sub- 
stances. The typical arsin is AsH3, a very poison- 
ous gas, and was used in warfare. It causes hemol- 
ysis, jaundice, gastro-enteritis, and nephritis. 
arsoferrin (ar-so-fer'in). A proprietary tablet 
preparation of organic iron with arsenic and glyc- 
erophosphoric acid. 
arsonate (ar'so-nat). A salt of arsonic acid. 
arsonium (ar-so'ne-um). The univalent radical, 
AsH4, which acts in composition like ammonium. 
arsonvalization (ar"son-val-iz-a'shun) [A. d'Ar- 
sonval, French physicist, born 1851]. The use of 
electric currents which are interrupted with great 
rapidity. 
arsotropin (ar-sot'ro-pin). Tablets of arsenous 
iodid and belladonna extract, used in neuralgia 
and epilepsy. 
arsphenamin, arsphenamine (ars-fen-am'in). 
The name adopted by the Federal Trade Commis- 
sion of the U. S. for salvarsan. sodium a., the 
sodium salt of arsphenamin, soluble in water with- 
out the addition of alkali. 
arsphenamized (ars-fen'am-izd). Treated with 
arsphenamin. 
arsycodyle (ar-sik'o-dil). Sodium cacodylate; a 
white powder, (CHjbAsChNa: used in skin dis- 
eases. Dose, 5-1 gr. (0.032-0.065 gm). 
arsylene (ar'sil-en). Propenyl arsenic acid, con- 
taining 45 per cent, of arsenic, in the forms of the 
monosodium (for injection) and monocalcium (for 
ingestion) salts: used in the treatment of perni- 
cious and other forms of anemia. Dose, 0.05-0.1 
gm. a day. 
arsylin (ar-si'lin). A yellowish powder, arsenated 
phosphorus albumin: used as an alterative in 
skin diseases. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.66-1.33 gm.). 
artarin (a/tar-in). An alkaloid, C2iH23NO4, from 
the root of Xanthox'ylum senegalen'se. It is 
a heart stimulant, resembling veratrin in its 
action. 
artefact (ar'te-fakt) [L. a/te by art 4- fac'tum 
made]. Any artificial product; any structure or 
change that is not natural, but is due to manipu- 
lation. The term is used in histology and micros- 
copy for a tissue that has been mechanically 
altered from its natural state. 
Artemisia (ar-te-me'se-ah) [L.; Gr. aprepiata., from 
"kprepts Diana]. A genus of composite-flowered 
plants. A. abrot'anum, or southernwood, is tonic, 
stimulant, vermifuge, and vulnerary. Dose of 
fluidextract, 10-20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.). 
arterenol hydrochlorid (ar-te-re'nol). A pro- 
prietary preparation, being the hydrochlorid of 
aminohydroxyethyl pyrocatechin, (OHh.CsHs.CH- 
(OH).CH2.NH2.HC1. It is used like the prepara- 
tions of the suprarenal gland, and is said to be less 
toxic. 
arteria (ar-te're-ah) [L., from Gr. 6.prr)pia artery]. 
An artery. 
arteriagra (ar-te-re-ag'rah) [Gr. dpr^pia artery 4- 
&ypa seizure]. Any gouty affection of an artery. 
arterial (ar-te're-al). Pertaining to an artery or 
to the arteries. 
arterialization (ar-te"re-al-iz-a'shun). The 
change of venous into arterial blood. 
arteriarctia (ar"ter-e-ark'she-ah) [L. arte'ria 
artery 4- arcta're to contract]. Contraction of 
an artery; narrowing of the caliber of an artery. 
arteriasis (ar-te-ri'as-is). Degeneration of the 
walls of arteries. ARTERI ECTASI A 
111 
ARTHRALGIC 
arteriectasia, arteriectasis (ar"te-re-ek-ta'se-ah, 
ar"te-re-ek'ta-sis) [Gr. dprijpla artery 4- inraais 
dilatation]. Dilatation of an artery. 
arterin (ar'te-rin). The blood-pigment of the red 
corpuscles in the arterial blood. 
arteriocapillary (ar-te"re-o-kap'il-a-re). Pertain- 
ing to the arteries and the capillaries. 
arteriococcygeal gland (ar-te"re-o-kok-sij'e-al). 
Luschka's gland. See gland. 
arteriofibrosis (ar-te"re-o-fi-bro'sis) [artery 4- 
fibrosis]. The narrowing of the arteries and 
capillaries by an inflammatory internal fibrosis; 
arteriocapillary fibrosis. See fibrosis. 
arteriogenesis (ar-te"re-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. aprvpla 
artery 4- yeveais production]. The formation of 
arteries. 
arteriogram (ar-te're-o-gram) [artery 4- Gr. 
ypappa inscription]. A sphygmogram; a tracing 
of the arterial pulse. 
arteriograph (ar-te're-o-graf). i. An instrument 
for recording the arterial pulse. 2. A tracing of the 
arterial pulse. 
arteriography (ar''te-re-og'ra-fe) [Gr. aprripia 
artery 4- ypavq writing], i. A description of the 
arteries. 2. The graphic recording of the arterial 
pulse. 
arteriolse rectse (ar-te-ri'o-le rek'te). The straight 
arterioles; branches of the arteries of the kidney 
going to the medullary pyramids. 
arteriole (ar-te're-ol) [L. arteri'ola], Any minute 
arterial branch. 
arteriolith (ar-te're-o-lith) [Gr. aprypia artery 4- 
XiOos stone]. A chalky concretion in an artery. 
arteriology (ar-te-re-ol'o-je) [Gr. dprypia artery 4- 
Xoyos discourse]. The sum of what is known 
regarding the arteries; the science or study of the 
arteries. 
arteriomalacia (ar-te"re-o-mal-a'she-ah) [Gr. 
aprr)pta artery 4- paXaida softness]. Abnormal 
softness of the arterial coats. 
arteriometer (ar"te-re-om'et-er) [Gr. dpr-qpta ar- 
tery 4- perpov measure]. An apparatus for meas- 
uring changes in the caliber of a beating artery. 
arteriomotor (ar-te-re-o-mo'tor). Pertaining to or 
causing dilatation and constriction of arteries. 
aneriomyomatosis (ar-te"re-o-mi-o-mat-o'sis). 
A growth of irregular muscular fibers in the walls 
of an artery causing thickening of the walls. 
arterionecrosis (ar-te"re-o-ne-kro'sis). Necrosis 
of an artery or of arteries. 
arteriopathy (ar"te-re-op'ath-e) [Gr. aprijpia 
artery 4- ndOos disease]. Any arterial disease. 
arteriophlebotomy (ar-te"re-o-fleb-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
dpr^pia artery 4- phlebotomy]. Bloodletting by 
scarification of the integument. 
arterioplania (ar-te"re-o-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. aprypla 
artery 4- TrXavaaOai to wander]. The condition 
in which an artery takes an unusual course. 
arterioplasty (ar-te're-o-plas-te) [Gr. dprrjpla 
artery 4- TrXaaaeiv to form]. Matas' operation 
for aneurysm, by restoring the continuity of the 
parent artery by making a new channel out of 
the sac-walls. 
arteriopressor (ar-te"re-o-pres'or). Producing 
increased blood-pressure in the arteries. 
arteriorrhaphy (ar-te-re-or'af-e) [Gr. dprrjpia 
artery 4- pa<pr) suture]. Suture of an artery. 
arteriorrhexis (ar-te"re-o-rek'sis) [Gr. dpT-qpta 
artery 4- pv^ls rupture]. Rupture of an artery. 
arteriosclerosis (ar-te"re-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. 
dprrjpta artery 4- aKXripbs hard]. Abnormal hard- 
ness and dryness of the arterial coats, resulting 
from chronic inflammation, especially of the 
intima, decrescent a., senile arteriosclerosis, 
diffuse a., general thickening of the walls of arte- 
ries. nodular a., disease of the arteries marked 
by the formation of fibrous nodes in the lining 
membranes of the arteries, senile a., arterio- 
sclerosis with senile degeneration. 
arteriosclerotic (ar-te"re-o-skle-rot'ik). Pertain- 
ing to or affected with arteriosclerosis. 
arteriosity (ar"te-re-os'it-e). The condition or 
quality of being arterial. 
arteriospasm (ar-te're-o-spazm). Spasm of an 
artery. 
arteriostenosis (ar-te"re-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. apTijpia 
artery 4- arevos narrow]. The narrowing or 
diminution of the caliber of an artery. 
arteriostosis (ar-te"re-os-to'sis) [Gr. aprypia 
artery + bareor bone]. Ossification of an artery. 
arteriostrepsis (ar-te"re-o-strep'sis) [Gr. aprripia 
artery 4- arpeirros twisted]. The twisting of an 
artery for the arrest of hemorrhage. 
arteriotome (ar-te're-o-tom). An instrument for 
performing arteriotomy. 
arteriotomy (ar"te-re-ot'o-me) [Gr. aprrjpla artery 
+ Topi) cut]. The surgical division or opening 
of an artery, chiefly for the abstraction of blood. 
Arteriotomy is usually performed upon the tem- 
poral artery. 
arteriotony (ar-te-re-ot'o-ne) [Gr. apr-rjpia artery 
4- tovos tension]. The intra arterial tension of the 
blood: blood-pressure. 
arteriovenous (ar-te"re-o-ve'nus). Both arterial 
and venous; pertaining to or affecting an artery 
and a vein. 
arterioversion (ar-te"re-o-ver'shun) [L. arte'ria 
artery 4- ver'sio a turning]. Surgical eversion of 
the coats of a bleeding artery for the purpose of 
arresting hemorrhage. 
arterioverter (ar-te"re-o-ver'ter). An instrument 
for performing arterioversion. 
arteritis (ar-te-ri'tis) [Gr. apr^pia artery + -itis 
inflammation]. Inflammation of an artery. Com- 
pare endarteritis and periarteritis, a. defor'- 
mans, chronic endarteritis with calcareous in- 
filtration. a. hyperplas'tica, arteritis with the 
formation of new connective tissue, a. nodo'sa, 
periarteritis nodosa, a. oblit'erans, endarteri- 
tis resulting in the obliteration or closure of the 
lumen of the vessel. 
artery (ar'ter-e) [L. arte'ria, from Gr. dr^p air 4- 
rripelv to keep, because they were supposed by 
the ancients to contain air]. Any one of the 
vessels through which the blood passes from the 
heart to the various parts of the body. The 
walls of an artery consist of three coats: an outer 
coat (tunica adventitia), composed of connective 
tissue and elastic fibers; a middle coat (tunica 
media), made up of transverse elastic and mus- 
cular fibers; and an inner coat (tunica intima), 
made up of endothelial cells, surrounded by longi- 
tudinal elastic fibers and connective tissue, end 
a., an artery which does not anastomose with 
another either directly or by its branches: called 
also terminal a. Neubauer's a., the inferior 
thyroid artery, nutrient a., an artery which 
carries blood to the interior of a bone, passing 
through a nutrient foramen, sylvian a., the 
middle cerebral artery. See table of arteries. 
terminal a., an artery which does not divide 
into branches, but terminates directly in capillaries. 
arthigon (ar'the-gon). A proprietary antigonor- 
rheal serum. 
arthragra (ar-thra'grah, ar'thrag-rah) [Gr. apOpov 
joint -f- ay pa seizure]. A gouty seizure in a joint 
or in the joints. 
arthral (ar'thral) [Gr. apOpov joint]. Pertaining to 
a joint. 
arthralgia (ar-thral'je-ah) [Gr. apOpov joint 4- 
aXyos pain]. Neuralgia or pain in a joint, a. 
saturni'na, arthralgia of lead-poisoning. 
arthralgic (ar-thral'jik). Pertaining to arthralgia; 
affected with arthralgia. ARTERIES 
112 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES. 
The arteries in this table are arranged alphabetically, the names of the larger trunks being printed in 
larger type (small capitals), the names of the branches in ordinary type. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Aberrant. 
Acromial. 
Acromial. 
Acromiothoracic. 
Adipose. 
Afferent. 
Alar thoracic. 
Alveolar. 
Anastomotic. 
Anastomotic. 
Anastomotic. 
Anastomotic. 
Anastomotica 
magna. 
Anastomotica 
magna. 
Angular. 
Antral. 
Aorta (abdominal). 
Aorta (arch). 
Aorta (primitive). 
Aorta (thoracic). 
Appendicular. 
Articular, middle. 
Articular, 
superior, external. 
Articular, 
superior, internal. 
Ascending. 
Asternal. 
Auditory, internal. 
An anomalous artery 
connecting the 
brachial with one 
of the arteries of 
the forearm. 
Acromiothoracic. 
Suprascapular. 
First portion of the 
axillary. 
Branches of the dia- 
phragmatic, capsu- 
lar, and renal. 
Interlobular of kid- 
neys. 
Second portion of 
the axillary. 
Posterior dental. 
External plantar. 
Internal plantar. 
Middle meningeal. 
Sciatic. 
Brachial. 
Superficial femoral. 
Terminal branch of 
facial. 
Posterior dental. 
Thoracic aorta. 
The left ventricle. 
The aorta from its 
origin to the place 
from which the first 
branch arises. 
Arch of aorta. 
Ileocolic. 
Popliteal. 
Popliteal. 
Popliteal. 
External circumflex. 
Internal mammary. 
Basilar. 
Part of the deltoid muscle. 
Helps form the acromial 
rete. 
Arm, shoulder, upper front 
portion of chest. 
Fat around the kidney. 
Glomeruli of the kidney. 
Lymphatics of the axilla. 
The gums. 
Outer side of the foot. 
Inner portion of the foot. 
Great wing of sphenoid 
bone. 
Outer rotator muscles of 
thigh. 
Region of the elbow. 
Region of the knee. 
Lacrimal sac and inferior 
portion of orbicularis pal- 
pebrarum. 
Antrum of Highmore. 
The two common iliacs form 
its terminal branches. 
The thoracic aorta is its ter- 
minal branch. 
The abdominal aorta is its 
terminal branch. 
Mesentery of vermiform ap- 
pendix. 
Crucial ligaments and knee- 
joint. 
Crureus and knee. 
Knee. 
Deep portions of gluteal 
muscles and hip-joint. 
Inner aspect of costal car- 
tilages. 
Internal ear. 
Acromial, clavicular, hume- 
ral, pectoral. 
Anastomosing with the 
branches of dorsalis pedis. 
Anastomosing with branch 
of dorsalis pedis. 
Anastomosing with deep 
temporal. 
Helps to form the crucial 
anastomosis. 
Anterior and posterior. 
Superficial and deep. 
Anastomosing with the in- 
fraorbital. 
Phrenic, celiac axis, supe- 
rior mesenteric, suprare- 
nal, lumbar, renal, sper- 
matic. inferior mesenteric 
or ovarian, right and left 
common iliac, middle sa- 
cral. 
Right and left coronary, 
innominate, left common 
carotid, left subclavian. 
Pericardiac, bronchial, 
esophageal, posterior me- 
diastinal, intercostal, sub- 
costal, diaphragmatic. ARTERIES 
ARTERIES 
Facial and Temporal Arteries (after Henle).-Ce, external 
carotid ; tsu, superior thyroid ; Is, superior laryngeal; ct, crico- 
thyroid ; hy, hyoid branch of lingual ; dl, dorsal of tongue ; sub- 
lingual ; me, facial; smt, submental; a, angular; Ibi, inferior la- 
bial; lbs, coronary of upper lip; su, artery of nasal septum; sc, 
tc', sternomastoids ; ap, posterior auricular; st, stylomastoids; 
pda, ascending pharyngeal; mi, internal maxillary ; tps, super- 
ficial temporal, tf, transverse facial ; tm, middle temporal ; z, ex- 
ternal supra-orbital; f, frontal ; so, supra-orbital ; la, lacrimal; n, 
h. sal; *, parotid branches of external carotid. 
Internal Maxillary Artery (after Henle).-mi, internal 
maxillary ; ce, external carotid ; tps, superficial temporal; apr^ 
deep auricular; t, anterior tympanic; mm, middle meningeal* 
ai, inferior dental; mh, mylohyoid ; mt, mental; tpr', deep an 
tenor temporal; pt, pterygoid, ma, masseteric; b, buccinator; 
asp, posterior branch of superior alveolar; io, infra-orbital * 
asa, anterior branch of superior alveolar; vd, Vidian; sp, 
sphenopalatine, pp, pterygopalatine ; npo, posterior nasal; np 
nasopalatine; tpr'i, deep posterior temporal. 
Arteries at Base of Brain (after Henle).-ca, anterior cere- 
bral; fra, anterior communicating; cm, middle cerebral; Ci, in- 
ternal carotid ; cop, posterior communicating ; ch, anterior cho- 
roid ; cpo, posterior cerebral ; cbs, superior cerebral ; cbia, ante- 
rior inferior cerebellar; aud, internal auditory; ba, basilar; v, 
vertebral; chip, posterior inferior cerebellar ; spa, anterior spinal; 
x//, posterior spinal. 
Axillary Artery and Branches (after Henle).-Ax, axillary' 
B, brachial; ths, superior thoracic ; tha, acromiothoracic; thl 
external mammary, cha, anterior circumflex; chp, posterior cir- 
cumflex; jj, subscapular; esc, circumflex of scapula; i, subcla 
vius muscle; 2, pectoralis muscle; 3, serratus magnus; 4, latissi 
mus dorsi; 5, teres major; 6, long head of triceps; 7, deltoid; 8. 
subscapular muscle; 9, bicipital groove. 
Palmar Arches (after Henle).-R, radial; U, ulnar; my, su- 
perficial volar ; mvs, arteria metacarpea volaris ulnaris sublimis; 
mvp, arteria metacarpea volaris radialis profunda; mp, arteria 
metacarpea volaris ulnaris profunda; del, del, dc3, palmar digi 
tals; imvl, imv^, imw3, palmar interosseous; imv*, posterior 
perforating ; dv, collateral digital arteries. 
Dorsal Arteries of Hand (after Henle).-cdr, posterior radio- 
carpal; cdu, dorsal ulnocarpal ; mdr, dorsal radiocarpal arteries; 
mdu posterior ulnocarpal; imdl. imd'l, imd3, dorsal interossei; 
mv* posterior perforating ; dd, dorsal digital. ARTERIES 
113 
ARTERIES 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Auricular. 
Auricular, 
anterior, inferior. 
Auricular, deep. 
Auricular, left. 
Occipital. 
Temporal. 
Internal maxillary. 
Left coronary artery. 
Auricle. 
Auricle. 
Tympanic membrane and 
integument of external 
auditory meatus. 
Left auricle, pulmonary 
artery, and beginning of 
aorta. 
Auricular, 
Fifth branch of ex- 
Middle ear, mastoid cells, 
Stylomastoid, auricular, 
posterior. 
Auricular, right. 
ternal carotid. 
Right coronary 
artery. 
auricle, parotid gland, di- 
gastric and other mus- 
cles. 
Right auricle, auricular 
septum, aorta. 
mastoid, parotid, and 
muscular. 
Axillary. 
Azygos. 
Subclavian. 
External plantar. 
Upper extremity, including 
pectoral muscles, axilla, 
side of chest, and shoulder. 
Articulations of the tarsus. 
Superior thoracic, acromio- 
thoracic, long thoracic, 
alar thoracic, subscapular, 
anterior and posterior cir- 
cumflex. The brachial is 
its terminal branch. 
Azygos. 
Azygos. 
Azygos. 
Internal plantar. 
Popliteal. 
Sciatic. 
The joints on inner side of 
foot. 
Knee. 
Back part of capsule of 
hip-joint. 
Anastomosing with the 
branches from the exter- 
nal plantar. 
Azygos. 
i Azygos. 
Azygos. 
Superior profunda. 
Suprascapular. 
Temporal. 
Back part of elbow-joint. 
The shoulder-joint. 
Temporo-maxillary articu- 
lation. 
Anastomosing with anasto- 
motica magna and inter- 
osseous recurrent. 
Basilar. 
Bicipital. 
Right and left ver- 
tebral. 
Anterior circumflex. 
Cerebrum and cerebellum. 
Long tendon of biceps and 
shoulder-joint. 
Transverse, internal audi- 
tory, anterior cerebellar, 
superior cerebellar, right 
and left posterior cere- 
bral. 
Brachial. 
Brachiocephalic. 
Bronchial, inferior. 
Bronchial, superior. 
Buccal. 
Buccal. 
Buccal. 
Buccinator. 
Bulb, artery of the. 
Calcanean, external 
and internal. 
Axillary. 
Same as Innominate. 
Thoracic aorta. 
Arch of aorta. 
Facial. 
Internal maxillary. 
Posterior dental. 
Same as Buccal a. 
Internal pudic. 
Peroneal. 
Shoulder, arm, forearm, and 
hand. 
Bronchi and lungs. 
Bronchi. 
Cheek-muscles. 
Buccinator muscle and oral 
mucous membrane. 
Buccinator muscle. 
Erectile tissue of bulb and 
corpus spongiosum. 
Os calcis and surrounding 
tissues. 
Superior and inferior pro- 
funda, nutrient, anasto- 
motica magna, muscular, 
radial and ulnar. 
Calcanean, inferior. 
Calcanean, middle. 
Callosal or 
calloso-marginal. 
Capsular. 
Cardiac. 
External plantar 
Posterior tibial. 
Anterior cerebral. 
Same as Suprarenal. 
Gastric. 
Inner surface cf os calcis. 
Os calcis. 
Callosal and marginal con- 
volutions. 
Cardiac end of the stom- 
ach. 
Anastomosing with internal 
calcanean. 
Carotid, common. 
I nnominate (on right 
side), arch of aorta 
(on left side). 
Gives origin to external and 
internal carotids. 
External and internal car- 
otid. 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.- Continued. ARTERIES 
114 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.-Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Carotid, external. 
Common carotid. 
Front and back of the neck, 
face, side of the head, in- 
teguments, meninges, mid- 
dle ear, thyroid gland, 
tongue, tonsils. 
Ascending pharyngeal, su- 
perior thyroid, lingual, 
facial, occipital, posterior 
auricular, temporal, inter- 
nal maxillary. 
Carotid, internal. 
Common carotid. 
Large portion of brain, the 
orbit, internal ear, nose, 
and forehead. 
Tympanic, Vidian, arteria 
receptaculi, pituitary, Gas- 
serian, meningeal, oph- 
thalmic, posterior commu- 
nicating, anterior choroid, 
anterior cerebral, middle 
cerebral. 
Carpal. 
Radial. 
Lower end of radius and 
wrist. 
Helps form the anterior 
carpal rete. 
Carpal. 
Caudate. 
Caval. 
Ulnar. 
Middle cerebral. 
Right phrenic. 
Carpus. 
Head of caudate nucleus. 
Vena cava. 
Helps form the posterior 
carpal rete. 
Cecal, anterior. 
Cecal, posterior. 
Inferior mesenteric. 
Posterior 
mesenteric. 
Anterior portion of the 
cecum. 
Posterior portion of the 
cecum. 
Celiac axis. 
Central ^of retina), 
or of Zinn. 
Cerebellar, anterior. 
Abdominal aorta. 
Ophthalmic. 
Basilar. 
Esophagus, stomach, du- 
odenum, spleen, pancreas, 
liver, and gall-bladder. 
Retina. 
Lower anterior surface of 
cerebellum. 
Gastric, hepatic, splenic. 
Cerebellar, inferior. 
Vertebral. 
Cerebellar cortex and ver- 
miform process. 
Inferior vermiform and 
hemispheral. 
1 Ceiebellar, superior. 
Basilar. 
Circumference of cerebel- 
lum and superior vermi- 
form process. 
Superior vermiform and 
hemispheral. 
Cerebral, anterior. 
Internal carotid. 
Frontal lobe, corpus callo- 
sum, olfactory and optic 
tracts. 
Anterior communicating, 
ganglionic, commissural, 
hemispheral. 
Cerebral, middle. 
Internal carotid. 
Frontal, parietal, and tem- 
porosphenoidai lobes, 
basal ganglia, and island 
of Reil. 
Ganglionic, hemispheral. 
Cerebral, posterior 
or inferior. 
Cervical. 
Basilar. 
Uterine. 
Occipital and temporo- 
sphenoidal lobes. 
Cervix uteri. 
Ganglionic, hemispheral. 
Cervical, ascending. 
Inferior thyroid. 
Muscles of neck, vertebrae, 
and spinal canal. 
Muscular, spinal, and 
phrenic. 
Cervical, deep. 
Cervical, 
descending. 
Cervical, superficial. 
Superior intercostal. 
Deep cervical. 
Transverse cervical. 
Deep muscles of back of 
neck. 
Tissues of the neck. 
Muscles of back of neck 
and scapular region. 
Muscular, anastomotic, ver- 
tebral. 
Cervical, transverse 
(transversalis colli). 
Chiasmic. 
Choroid, anterior. 
Choroid, posterior. 
Ciliary. 
Thyroid axis. 
Anterior cerebral. 
Internal carotid. 
Posterior cerebral. 
Ophthalmic. 
Muscles of neck and scap- 
ular region. 
First part of the optic 
nerve. 
Hippocampus major and 
corpus fimbriatum. 
Velum interpositum and 
choroid plexus. 
Eye. 
Superficial cervical and pos- 
terior scapular. 
Circumflex, 
anterior. 
Axillary. 
Pectoralis major, biceps, 
and shoulder-joint. 
Pectoral and bicipital. 
Circumflex, 
external. 
Profunda femoris. 
Muscles of the thigh. 
Ascending, transverse, and 
descending. 
Circumflex iliac, 
deep. 
External iliac. 
Upper portion of thigh and 
abdominal muscles. 
Muscular and cutaneous. ARTERIES 
ARTERIES 
Subciaman Artery fatter Henle).-Ab, innominate; Cc, com- 
moncarotid; S, subclavian; v, vertebral; ba, basilar; mmi, in- 
ternal mammary; es, superior epigastric ; mp, musculophrenic; is, 
superior intercostal; cvp, deep cervical; ti, inferior thyroid ; cva, 
ascending cervical; cvs, superficial cervical; ts. suprascapular; 
tc, posterior scapular. 
The Abdominal Aorta (after Henle).-Ai, common iliac, 
external iliac; h, internal iliac; sm, middle sacral; phr, inferior 
phrenic; lb, lumbar; c, celiac; mes, superior mesenteric; mei, 
inferior mesenteric ; sr, capsular; r, renal; spi, internal sperm 
atic ; hi, internal hemorrhoidal. 
Arteries of Front of Knee (after Henle).-asm, supe- 
rior internal articular; aim, inferior internal articular; 
rta, anterior tibial recurrent; fs, superior fibular; rip, 
posterior tibial recurrent; ail, inferior external articular; 
asl, superior external articular. 
The Celiac Artery and Branches (after Henle).-A, aorta; phr. in- 
ferior phrenic; c, celiac ; cod, pyloric; cos, coronary; h, hepatic; cy, 
tic; gd, gastroduodenal: pds, superior pancreaticoduodenal; ged, right* 
gastro-epiploic; li, splenic. 
aym. sun. asm. 
Popliteal Artery (after Henle).-sul, sum. sural arteries; 
sul', superficial sural ; asm, superior internal articular; asl, 
superior external articular; aim, inferior internal articular; 
ail, inferior external articular; agm, middle articular. 
The Ciibital Pete (after Henle).-cli, radial profunda ; cus, superior 
profunda; cm, collateralis media; rr, radial recurrent; i>, recurrent 
interosseous; ip, posterior interosseous ; U, ulnar; ru, ulnar recurrent; 
i, internal epicondyle; 2. external epicondyle; 3, head of radius; 4» 
olecranon; 5, branchioradial muscle ; 6. internal ulnar muscle. ARTERIES 
115 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.-Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Circumflex iliac, 
Common femoral. 
Iliacus and sartorius mus- 
superficial. 
Circumflex, internal. 
Profunda femoris. 
cles, inguinal glands, and 
skin of thigh. 
Muscles of the thigh. 
Circumflex, 
Axillary. 
Deltoid, triceps, teres mi- 
Acromial, articular, muscu- 
posterior. 
nor, and shoulder-joint. 
lar, nutrient. 
Clavicular. 
Acromiothoracic. 
Subclavius muscle. 
Coccygeal. 
Sciatic. 
Integument over the coccyx. 
Cochlear. 
Internal auditory. 
Cochlea. 
Colic, left. 
Inferior mesenteric. 
Descending colon. 
Colic, middle. 
Superior mesenteric. 
Transverse colon. 
Colic, right. 
Superior mesenteric. 
Ascending colon. 
Colic, transverse. 
Colic, middle. 
Transverse colon. 
Commissural. 
Anterior cerebral. 
Callosum. 
Communicating. 
Dorsalis pedis. 
Terminates in the plantar 
The princeps hallucis. 
Communicating (or 
Deep palmar arch. 
arch. 
Inosculates with the dorsal 
Perforating). 
interosseous arteries. 
Communicating, 
Anterior cerebral. 
Helps form the circle of 
anterior. 
Communicating, 
Posterior carotid. 
Willis; supplies the cau- 
date nucleus. 
Helps form circle of Willis; 
A 
Uncinate, middle thalamic. 
posterior. 
Coronary, inferior. 
Facial. 
supplies uncinate gyrus 
and optic thalamus. 
Lower lip. 
Coronary, left. 
Left anterior sinus 
Heart. 
Left auricular, anterior in- 
Coronary, right. 
of Valsalva. 
Right anterior sinus 
Heart. 
terventricular, left mar- 
ginal, terminal. 
Right auricular, preventric- 
of Valsalva. 
ular, right marginal, pos-, 
Coronary ofstomach. 
Coronary, superior. 
See Gastric and 
Pyloric. 
Facial. 
Upper lip. 
terior interventricular, i 
transverse. 
Artery of nasal septum. 
Corpus cavernosum, 
Dorsal artery of 
Corpus cavernosum. 
of the. 
Cremasteric. 
penis. 
Deep epigastric. 
Cremaster muscle. 
Cremasteric. 
Spermatic. 
Cremaster muscle. 
Anastomosing with the ere- 
Cricothyroid. 
Crural. 
Cystic. 
See Laryngeal, infe- 
rior. 
See Femoral. 
Hepatic. 
Gall-bladder. 
masteric of the deep epi- 
gastric. 
Deferential. 
Superior vesical. 
Vas deferens. 
Dental, anterior. 
Infraorbital. 
Incisor and canine teeth, 
Dental, inferior. 
Dental, posterior 
See Mandibular. 
Internal maxillary. 
and antrum. 
Maxillary antrum, teeth of 
Antral, dental, alveolar 
(or alveolar). 
upper jaw, gums, and 
buccal. 
Dental, superior. 
Posterior dental. 
cheek. 
Molar and bicuspid teeth 
Descending. 
External circumflex. 
of upper jaw. 
Muscles of thigh. 
Descending, 
External carotid. 
Neck. 
superficial. 
Diaphragmatic. 
Thoracic aorta. 
Diaphragm. 
Digital. 
External plantar. 
Three outer toes and outer 
Digital, palmar. 
Superficial palmar 
side of second toe. 
Ulnar side of index finger 
Diploic. 
arch. 
Supraorbital. 
and both sides of other 
fingers. 
Diploe of frontal sinuses. 
Dorsal (of penis). 
Pudic. 
Penis ARTERIES 
116 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.-Continued. 
I " 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Dorsal (scapular). 
Dorsalis hallucis. 
Dorsalis indicis. 
Dorsalis linguae. 
Subscapular. 
Dorsalis pedis. 
Radial. 
Lingual. 
Muscles of scapula and 
shoulder. 
Great toe and inner side 
of second toe. 
Dorsal side of index finger. 
Dorsum of tongue, pillars 
of fauces, and tonsils. 
Infrascapular. 
Dorsalis pedis. 
Dorsalis pollicis. 
Duodenal, 
superior, right. 
Dural. 
Emulgent. 
Epididymal. 
Anterior tibial. 
Radial. 
See Pancreatico- 
duodenal, superior. 
See Meningeal. 
See Renal. 
Spermatic. 
Tarsus, metatarsus, great 
and second toes, plantar 
arch. 
Dorsal side of thumb. 
Epididymis. 
Tarsal, metatarsal, dorsalis 
hallucis, communicating. 
Epigastric, deep. 
Epigastric, 
superficial. 
External iliac. 
Common femoral. 
Abdominal muscles, cre- 
master, and peritoneum. 
Integument of abdomen 
and superficial fascia. 
Cremasteric, pubic, muscu- 
lar, cutaneous, terminal. 
Epigastric, superior. 
Epiploic. 
Epiploic. 
Esophageal. 
Esophageal. 
Esophageal. 
Esophageal. 
Esophageal, inferior. 
Internal mammary. 
Gastro-epiploic. 
See Omental. 
Gastric. 
Inferior thyroid. 
Left phrenic. 
Thoracic aorta. 
Coronary 
(of stomach). 
Abdominal muscles, dia- 
phragm, liver, and peri- 
toneum. 
Omentum. 
Esophagus. 
Esophagus. 
Esophagus. 
Esophagus. 
Esophagus. 
Phrenic, xiphoid, cutane- 
ous, muscular, hepatic, 
and peritoneal. 
Ethmoidal, anterior. 
Ophthalmic. 
Anterior ethmoid cells, 
dura mater, nose, frontal 
sinuses, skin of face. 
Ethmoidal, meningeal, na- 
sal, frontal, cutaneous. 
Ethmoidal, 
posterior. 
Eustachian. 
Ophthalmic. 
Pterygopalatine. 
Posterior ethmoidal cells, 
dura mater, nose. 
Eustachian tube. 
Ethmoidal, meningeal, na- 
sal. 
Facial. 
Facial, transverse. 
Fallopian. 
External carotid. 
Temporal. 
Ovarian. 
Pharynx, lower jaw, lip, 
nose, orbit, lacrimal sac. 
Parotid gland, masseter 
muscle, skin of face. 
Ampulla and fimbriated ex- 
tremity of Fallopian tube. 
Inferior palatine, tonsillar, 
muscular, submental, mas- 
seteric, buccal, inferior la- 
bial, inferior and superior 
coronary, lateralis nasi, 
angular. 
Femoral, common. 
External iliac. 
Lower portion of abdom- 
inal wall, upper part of 
thigh, genitalia, knee, and 
leg. 
Superficial epigastric, exter- 
nal circumflex iliac, super- 
ficial external pudic, deep 
external pudic, profunda 
femoris, muscular, anas- 
tomotica magna, popliteal. 
Femoral, profunda 
or deep. 
Common femoral. 
Muscles of thigh and hip- 
joint. 
External circumflex, inter- 
nal circumflex, and three 
perforating. 
Femoral, superficial. 
Frenum linguae, 
artery of the. 
Funicular. 
Gasserian. 
Gasserian. 
Common femoral. 
Sublingual. 
Superior vesical. 
Internal carotid. 
Middle meningeal. 
Muscles of thigh and knee- 
joint. 
Frenum of tongue. 
Round ligament. 
Gasserian ganglion. 
Gasserian ganglion and 
Meckel's space. 
Muscular, saphenous, anas- 
tomotica magna. 
Gastric 
(or coronary). 
Celiac axis. 
Esophagus, lesser curva- 
ture of stomach. 
Esophageal, cardiac, gas- 
tric. ARTERIES 
ARTERIES 
FIG. i.-Brachial Artery and Branches (after Henle).-B, brachial; R, radial; U, ulnar; cis, deltoid artery; cli, deep radial; 
superior profunda; cm, arteria collaterals media; cui, anastomotic; rr, anterior radial recurrent; ru, anterior ulnar recurrent; ico, 
common interosseous; ia, anterior interosseous; z/, posterior interosseous; ir, posterior interosseous recurrent; iar, palmar anterior 
interosseous; tad, dorsal anterior interosseous; m, median ; cur, anterior radiocarpal; cuu, anterior ulnocarpal; cdr, posterior radio- 
carpal; cdu, posterior ulnocarpal; mdu, posterior ulnocarpal; mvs, superficial volar; mwp, ulnar part of deep palmar arch; de, first 
palmar digital. 
FIG. 2.-Posterior Tibial Artery (after Henle).-Po, popliteal ; Ta, anterior tibial ; Tp, posterior tibial; Pe, peroneal ; rta, ante 
rior tibial recurrent; rtp, posterior tibial recurrent; _/r, superior fibular; nuf, nutrient of fibula; nut, nutrient of tibia;///, anterioi 
peroneal; com, transverse anastomotic; mam, anterior medial malleolar; mal, internal malleolar; mpm, posteromedian malleolar, 
cam, middle calcaneal, plm, internal plantar; pll, external plantar. 
FIG. 3.-Femoral Artery (after Henle).-efi, common femoral; esp, superficial epigastric; cis, superficial circumflex iliac ; Put, 
external pudic; prf, deep femoral; eft, external circumflex of thigh; cfm, internal circumflex of thigh;//!, first perforating; //•, 
second perforating; pf^, third perforating; ags, anastomotica magna; sf, superficial femoral. 
Fig. 1. 
Fig. 2. 
Fig. 3. 
Dorsal Arteries of Foot (after Henle).- Ta, anterior tibial; 
Dpd, dorsal ; ppf, anterior peroneal; mam, anteromedian malleo- 
lar : mal, internal malleolar; tsm, internal supratarsal; tip, ex- 
ternal tarsal: tla, metatarsal; pip, deep plantar; imdl, imd2, 
imd*, the dorsal interossei ; pfp, posterior perforating ; pfa, ante- 
rior perforating; spm, superficial median of the foot. 
Plantar Arteries (after Henle)-Tp, posterior tibial; plm* 
internal plantar; pll, external plantar; pip, deep plantar; spm, 
superficial median of foot; del, dc2, dc^, del, palmar interosseous 
arteries; dv5, digital plantar of little toe ; pfp, posterior perforat- 
ing J Pf** anterior perforating. ARTERIES 
117 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.-Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
-t Distribution. 
Branches. 
Gastroduodenal. 
Gastro-epiploic, left. 
Gastro-epiploic, 
right. 
Gastrohepatic. 
Genital. 
Gingival. 
Glandular. 
Glaserian 
(or tympanic). 
Gluteal. 
Gustatory 
(or lingual). 
Helicine. 
Hemispheral. 
Hemispheral. 
Hemorrhoidal, infe- 
rior (or external). 
Hemorrhoidal, mid- 
dle (rectal, middle). 
Hemorrhoidal, 
superior. 
Hepatic. 
Hepatic, left 
(or terminal). 
Hepatic, right 
(or terminal). 
Humeral. 
Humeral, thoracic. 
Hyaloid. 
Hyoid. 
Hypogastric 
(or umbilical). 
Ileocolic. 
Iliac, circumflex. 
> i 
Iliac, common. 
Iliac, external. 
Iliac, internal. 
Iliac, internal 
(anterior branch). 
Iliac, internal 
(posterior branch). 
Iliolumbar. 
Incisive. 
Infrahyoid. 
Hepatic. 
Splenic. 
Gastroduodenal. 
See Coronary, 
of the stomach. 
See Pudic, internal. 
See Alveolar. 
Facial. 
Internal maxillary. 
Internal iliac, poste- 
rior branch. 
Inferior dental. 
Inferior cerebellar. 
Superior cerebellar. 
Pudic. 
Internal iliac, ante- 
rior branch. 
Inferior mesenteric. 
Celiac axis. 
Gastric. 
Hepatic. 
See Brachial. 
Acromiothoracic. 
Central artery of 
retina. 
See Infrahyoid and 
Suprahyoid. 
Anterior branch of 
internal iliac. 
Superior mesenteric. 
See Circumflex iliac, 
deep. 
Abdominal aorta. 
Common iliac. 
Common iliac. 
Internal iliac. 
Internal iliac. 
Internal iliac, poste- 
rior branch. 
Mandibular. 
Superior thyroid. 
Stomach, duodenum, and 
pancreas. 
Stomach and omentum. 
Stomach and omentum. 
Submaxillary gland. 
Tympanum and laxator 
tympani muscle. 
Gluteal muscles, gluteal re- 
gion, pelvic muscles. 
Lingual nerve. 
The arteries of erectile and 
cavernous tissue, as in the 
penis, uterus, etc. 
Cerebellar cortex. 
Cerebellar cortex. 
Sphincter muscle, levator 
ani. 
Middle portion of rectum. 
Upper part of rectum. 
Pylorus, part of stomach, 
pancreas, part of duode- 
num, liver. 
Left lobe of liver. 
Right lobe of liver. 
Pectoralis major, deltoid, 
and integuments. 
Crystalline lens. 
Vesical branches: seen only 
in fetus. 
Cecum and adjacent bowel. 
Peritoneum, psoas, ureter, 
and external and internal 
iliac arteries. 
Abdominal muscles, gen- 
itals, lower limb. 
Pelvic viscera, generative 
organs, inner side of thigl). 
Bladder, pelvic and genital 
organs, hip-joint, thigh. 
Musclesof abdomen, hip, sa- 
crum, and gluteal region. 
Muscles and bones of pel- 
vis. 
Incisor teeth. 
Infrahyoid bursa< and thyro- 
hyoid muscle. 
Pyloric, right gastro-epi- 
ploic, and superior pan- 
creaticoduodenal. 
Muscular, superficial and 
deep. 
Pyloric or subpyloric, pan- 
creatic, gastroduodenal, 
right and left terminal. 
Cystic. 
Anastomosing with circum- 
flex. 
Peritoneal, ureteric, exter- 
nal and internal iliac. 
Epigastric, circumflex iliac, 
muscular, femoral. 
Anterior and posterior 
trunk. 
Superior, middle, and infe- 
rior vesical, middle hem- 
orrhoidal, uterine, vaginal, 
obturator, internal pudic, 
sciatic. 
Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, 
and gluteal. 
Iliac and lumbar. ARTERIES 
118 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.- Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Infraorbital. 
Internal maxillary. 
Upper lip, lower eyelid, 
Orbital, anterior dental, 
lacrimal sac, side of nose. 
nasal. 
Infrascapular. 
Dorsal scapular. 
Subscapularis, scapula, and 
shoulder-joint. 
Innominate. 
Arch of the aorta. 
Right side of head and 
neck, right side of trunk, 
and right arm. 
Right carotid, right subcla- 
vian, occasionally thy- 
roidea ima. 
Intercostal, anterior. 
Internal mammary. 
Intercostal muscles, upper 
ribs, and pectoralis major. 
Intercostal, anterior. 
M usculoph renic. 
Lower intercostal spaces. 
Intercostal, 
Subclavian. 
Neck and upper portion of 
Deep cervical, first inter- 
superior. 
thorax. 
costal, aberrant. 
Interlobular. 
Renal. 
Malpighian bodies and uri- 
niferous tubules. 
Interosseous, 
anterior. 
Common interosse- 
ous. 
Muscles of the forearm. 
Interosseous, 
Ulnar. 
Deep structures of the fore- 
Anterior and posterior in- 
common. 
arm. 
terosseous. 
Interosseous, 
Common interosse- 
Muscles and deep struct- 
Posterior interosseous re- 
posterior. 
OUS. 
ures back of forearm. 
current. 
Interpeduncular. 
Posterior cerebral. 
Posterior perforated space 
and lower portion of pe- 
duncles. 
Interventricular, 
anterior. 
Left coronary. 
Ventricles and interventric- 
ular septum. 
Interventricular, 
posterior. 
Right coronary. 
Ventricles and interventric- 
ular septum. 
Labial, inferior. 
Facial. 
Lower lip. 
Labial, superior. 
See Coronary, 
superior. 
t 
Lacrimal. 
Middle meningeal. 
Orbit. 
Lacrimal. 
Nasal. 
Lacrimal sac. 
Lacrimal. 
Ophthalmic. 
Lacrimal gland, eye mus- 
cles, cheek, and eyelids. 
Recurrent lacrimal, muscu- 
lar, palpebral, malar, cili- 
ary. < 
Laryngeal, inferior. 
Inferior thyroid. 
Larynx. 
Laryngeal, superior 
(or internal). 
Superior thyroid. 
Mucous membrane and in- 
trinsic muscles of larynx. 
Lenticular. 
Middle cerebral. 
Lenticular nucleus. 
Lenticulo-optic. 
Middle cerebral. 
Posterior portion of inter- 
nal capsule and anterior 
portion of optic thalamus. 
Lenticulostriate. 
Middle cerebral. 
Lenticular and caudate nu- 
clei. 
Lenticulothalamic. 
Posterior cerebral. 
Posterior end of lenticular 
nucleus and thalamus. 
Lingual. 
External carotid. 
Tongue, sublingual gland, 
tonsil, epiglottis. 
Hyoid, dorsalis linguae, sub- 
lingual, ranine. 
Lumbar (4 pairs). 
Abdominal aorta. 
Abdominal walls, vertebrae, 
lumbar muscles, and renal 
capsules. 
Muscular, vertebral, dorsal, 
renal. 
Malar. 
Mammary, external. 
Lacrimal. 
See Thoracic, long. 
Temporal fossa. 
Mammary, 
glandular. 
Aortic intercostal. 
Mammary gland. 
Mammary, 
Subclavian. 
Thorax and thoracic struct- 
Superior phrenic, mediasti- 
internal. 
1 ■ » • 
ures. 
nal, pericardiac, sternal, 
anterior intercostal, per- 
forating, musculophrenic, 
superior epigastric, inter- 
nal mammary. 
Mandibular. 
Internal maxillary. 
Teeth of the lower jaw. 
Incisive and mental. 
Mastoid. 
Occipital. 
Dura mater, lateral sinus, 
mastoid cells. 
Mastoid. 
Posterior auricular. 
Posterior belly of the occipi- 
tofrontalis muscle. ARTERIES 
119 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.- Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Mastoid. 
Stylomastoid. 
Mastoid cells and antrum. 
Maxillary, internal. 
External carotid. 
Structures indicated by the 
Deep auricular, tympanic, 
; Meatal. 
Stylomastoid. 
names of branches. 
External auditory meatus. 
middle meningeal, small 
meningeal, mandibular, 
deep temporal, pterygoid, 
masseteric, buccal, alveo- 
lar, infraorbital, posterior 
palatine, Vidian, pterygo- 
palatine, sphenopalatine. 
j Median. 
Anterior interosse- 
Median nerve and super- 
Mediastinal, 
OUS. 
Internal mammary. 
ficial palmar arch. 
Anterior mediastinum, thy- 
anterior. 
Mediastinal, 
Thoracic aorta. 
mus gland. 
Posterior mediastinum. 
posterior. 
Medullary. 
Peroneal. 
Fibula. 
Medullary. 
Posterior tibial. 
Tibia. 
Ascending and descending. 
Medullary. 
Renal. 
Malpighian pyramids. 
Meningeal. 
Ascending pharyn- 
Cerebral membranes. 
Meningeal. 
geal. 
Posterior ethmoidal. 
Dura mater. 
Meningeal, anterior. 
Internal carotid. 
Dura mater. 
Meningeal, 
Internal maxillary. 
Cranium and dura mater. 
Anterior and posterior. 
middle or great. 
• J 
Meningeal, 
Occipital. 
Dura mater. 
Y . . (• 
posterior. 
Meningeal, 
Vertebral. 
Dura mater. 
posterior. 
Meningeal, small. 
Internal maxillary. 
Gasserian ganglion and 
Mental. 
Facial. 
dura mater. 
Chin and lower lip. 
Mental. 
Mandibular. 
Chin and lower lip. 
Lingual and mylohyoidean. 
Mesenteric, 
Abdominal aorta. 
Lower half of colon and 
Left colic, sigmoid, superior 
inferior. 
rectum. 
hemorrhoidal. 
Mesenteric, middle. 
An occasional bran ch 
Transverse and descending 
Mesenteric, 
of common iliac. 
Abdominal aorta. 
colon. 
Small intestine and upper 
Inferior pancreaticoduode- 
superior. 
half of colon. 
nal, middle and right colic, 
Metacarpal. 
Radial. 
Sides of fingers on dorsal 
iliocolic, vasa intestina 
tenuis, unnamed. 
Metatarsal. 
Dorsalis pedis. 
aspect. 
Toes. 
Third dorsal interosseous. 
Musculophrenic. 
Internal mammary. 
Intercostal spaces, muscles 
Phrenic, anterior intercos- 
Nasal. 
Ophthalmic. 
of abdomen, diaphragm, 
Lacrimal sac and dorsum 
tals, muscular. 
Lacrimal and transverse 
Nasopalatine. 
Neubauer's. 
Obturator. 
See Sphenopalatine. 
Same as Thyroid, 
deep. 
Anterior division, 
of nose. 
Ilium, bladder, iliacus, mus- 
nasal. 
Iliac, vesical, pubic, pelvic. 
Occipital. 
internal iliac. 
External carotid. 
cles of hip. 
Muscles of neck and scalp. 
Sternomastoid, auricular, 
Omental 
Hepatic. 
Omentum. 
meningeal, mastoid, prin- 
ceps cervicis, communi- 
cating, muscular, cranial 
branches. 
(or epiploic). 
Omphalomesenteric. 
Primitive aorta. 
Afterward becomes the um- 
Ophthalmic. 
Internal carotid. 
bilical. 
Eye, adjacent structures, 
Lacrimal, supraorbital, cen- 
and adjacent parts of face. 
tral artery of retina, mus- 
cular, ciliary, posterior and 
anterior ethmoidal, palpe- 
bral, frontal, nasal. ARTERIES 
120 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.-Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Orbital 
(three or four). 
Orbital. 
Orbital. 
> 
Ovarian. 
Anterior cerebral. 
Infraorbital. 
Temporal. 
Abdominal aorta. 
First frontal convolution 
and olfactory bulb. 
Fat of orbit; inferior rectus 
and inferior oblique mus- 
cles. 
Orbicularis palpebrarum 
and orbit. 
Ovary, ureter, Fallopian 
Ureteral, Fallopian, uterine, 
Palatine. 
Palatine, ascending 
Ascending pharyn- 
geal. 
Facial. 
tube, uterus. 
Soft palate. 
Upper part of pharynx, pal- 
ligamentous. 
Palatine, tonsillar. 
(or inferior). 
Palatine, 
Internal maxillary. 
ate, and tonsils. 
Soft and hard palates. 
Anterior and posterior. 
descending. 
Palmar, digital. 
Palmar, 
interosseous. 
Palmar arch, 
See Digital, palmar. 
See Interosseous, pal- 
mar. 
Radial. 
Palm and fingers. 
Perforating, palmar interos- 
deep. 
Palmar arch, 
Ulnar. 
Palm and fingers. 
seous, recurrent carpal. 
Communicating, digital, 
superficial. 
Palpebral. 
Palpebral. 
Palpebral, external. 
Palpebral, inferior. 
Palpebral, superior. 
Pancreatic. 
Lacrimal. 
Supraorbital. 
Ophthalmic. 
Ophthalmic. 
Ophthalmic. 
Hepatic. 
i '■ 
Eyelids and conjunctivae. 
Upper eyelid. 
Eyelid. 
Conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, 
caruncle, and lower lid. 
Upper eyelid. 
Pancreas. 
muscular, cutaneous. 
Pancreatic. 
Pancreaticoduode- 
nal, inferior. 
Pancreaticoduode- 
nal, superior. 
Parietal. 
Splenic. 
Superior mesenteric. 
Gastroduodenal. 
Middle cerebral. 
Pancreas. 
Pancreas and duodenum. 
Pancreas and duodenum. 
Inferior and ascending pa- 
Parotid. 
Parotid. 
Pectoral. 
Pectoral. 
Perforating (or pos- 
terior communicat- 
ing)- 
Perineal, superficial. 
Posterior auricular. 
Temporal. 
Acromiothoracic. 
Anterior circumflex. 
Deep palmar arch. 
Pudic. 
rietal convolutions. 
Parotid gland. 
Parotid gland. 
Pectoral muscles and mam- 
mary gland. 
Pectoralis major. 
Inosculate with dorsal in- 
terosseous. 
Perineum and integuments 
Transverse perineal. 
Perineal, transverse. 
Peroneal. 
Perineal, superficial. 
Posterior tibial. 
of scrotum. 
Perineum. 
Outside and back of ankle, 
Anterior peroneal, muscu- 
■ . 
Peroneal, anterior. 
Peroneal, posterior. 
Pharyngeal. 
Pharyngeal. 
Pharyngeal. 
Pharyngeal, 
.J 
Peroneal. 
Peroneal. . 
Pterygopalatine. 
Sphenopalatine. 
Vidian. 
External carotid. 
deep muscles of calf. 
Peroneus tertius and infe- 
rior tibiofibular joint. 
External malleolus and heel. 
Roof of the pharynx. 
Roof and neighboring parts 
of pharynx. 
Roof of the pharynx. 
Muscles and nerves of neck, 
lar, medullary, communi- 
cating, cutaneous, exter- 
nal calcaneum, posterior 
peroneal. 
Prevertebral, pharvngeal, 
ASCENDING. 
Pharyngeal, 
descending. 
Sphenopalatine. 
pharynx, soft palate, tym- 
panum, and membranes 
of brain. 
Roof of mouth and pharynx. 
palatine, tympanic, me- 
ningeal. ARTERIES 
121 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.-Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Phrenic. 
Phrenic. 
Phrenic. 
Phrenic, inferior, 
left. 
Phrenic, inferior, 
right. 
Phrenic, superior 
(called also comes 
nervi phrenici). 
Pituitary. 
Plantar arch. 
Plantar, deep. 
Plantar, digital (4). 
Plantar, external. 
Plantar, internal. 
Plantar, pollicar. 
Pleural. 
Popliteal. 
Princeps cervicis. 
Pnnceps hallucis. 
Princeps pollicis. 
Profunda femoris 
(deep femoral). 
Profunda, inferior. 
Profunda, superior. 
Pterygoid, external. 
Pterygoid, internal. 
Pte ry gopalati n e. 
Pubic. 
Pubic. 
Pudic, external, 
deep (or inferior). 
Pudic, external, su- 
perficial (or su- 
perior). 
PUDIC, internal. 
Pulmonary. 
Pyloric, inferior. 
Pyloric, superior. 
Ascending cervical. 
Musculophrenic. 
Superior epigastric. 
Aorta, abdominal. 
Aorta, abdominal. 
Internal mammary. 
Internal carotid. 
External plantar. 
Metatarsal. 
Plantar arch. 
External tibial. 
Posterior tibial. 
Anterior tibial, or 
external plantar. 
Intercostal. 
Femoral. 
Occipital. 
Communicating of 
dorsalis pedis. 
Radial. 
Femoral. 
Brachial. 
Brachial. 
Internal maxillary. 
Internal maxillary. 
Internal maxillary. 
Epigastric, deep. 
Obturator. 
Femoral, common. 
Common, femoral. 
Internal iliac, ante- 
rior trunk. 
Right ventricle. 
Gastroduodenal or 
right gastro-epip- 
loic. 
Hepatic. 
Phrenic nerve. 
Diaphragm. 
Diaphragm. 
Diaphragm and structures 
indicated by names of 
branches. 
Diaphragm and structures 
indicated by names of 
branches. 
Pleura, pericardium, and 
diaphragm. 
Pituitary body. 
Anterior parts of foot and 
toes. 
Helps form plantar arch. 
Third, fourth, and fifth, and 
outer side of second toe. 
Sole and toes. 
Inner side of foot. 
Great toe. 
Pleura. 
Knee and leg. 
Muscles of the neck. 
First and second toes. 
Thumb. 
Muscles of thigh. 
Triceps, elbow-joint. 
Humerus, muscles and skin 
of arm. 
External pterygoid muscle. 
Internal pterygoid muscle. 
Pharynx, Eustachian tubes, 
and sphenoidal cells. 
Pubic region. 
Pubic region. 
Skin of scrotum (or labia 
in female). 
Skin above pubes and ex- 
ternal genitalia. 
External genital organs. 
Lungs. 
Pyloric end of the stomach. 
ft Ui 
Pyloric end of the stomach. 
Esophageal, left superior 
suprarenal, splenic, peri- 
cardiac, terminal. 
Right superior suprarenal, 
caval, hepatic, pericardiac, 
and terminal. 
Articular and plantal digi- 
tal, posterior perforating, 
and unnamed branches. 
Muscular, calcaneal, cuta- 
neous, anastomotic, pos- 
terior perforating, plantar 
arch. 
Muscular, cutaneous, artic- 
ular, anastomotic, super- 
ficial digital. 
Cutaneous, superior and in- 
ferior muscular, articular, 
superior and inferior ex- 
ternal, superior and infe- 
rior internal and azygos, 
anterior and posterior tib- 
ial. 
Superficial and deep. 
External and internal cir- 
cumflex, four perforating. 
Ascending, cutaneous, artic- 
ular, nutrient, muscular. 
Pharyngeal, Eustachian, 
sphenoidal. 
Inferior hemorrhoidal, su- 
perficial perineal, trans- 
verse perineal, muscular, 
arteries of bulb, crus, and 
dorsal of penis. 
Right and left pulmonary. 
s,- . 'r ■ ' 
1 ARTERIES 
122 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.- Continued. 
Artbry. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Quadrate. 
Anterior cerebral. 
Quadrate convolution of 
Radial. 
Brachial. 
brain. 
Forearm, wrist, hand. 
Radial recurrent, muscular, 
Radial carpal, an- 
Radial. 
Wrist, 
anterior and posterior ra- 
dial carpal, superficial vo- 
lar, metacarpal, dorsalis 
pollicis, dorsalis indicis, 
deep palmar arch. 
terior and poste- 
rior. 
Radial, profunda. 
Superior profunda 
Back of elbow. 
Radial recurrent, an- 
of arm. 
Radial. 
Elbow and muscles of fore- 
terior. 
Radial recurrent, 
Posterior interosse- 
arm. 
Elbow. 
posterior. 
ous (forearm). 
Radialis indicis. 
Radial. 
Index finger.' 
Ranine. 
Lingual. 
Tongue and oral mucous 
Rectal. 
Lateral sacral. 
membrane. 
Rectum. 
Rectal. 
Middle sacral. 
Rectum. 
Recurrent. 
Deep palmar arch. 
Carpal joints. 
Recurrent, posterior 
Posterior interosse- 
Elbow. 
interosseous. 
Renal. 
OUS. 
Abdominal aorta. 
Kidney. 
Inferior suprarenal, capsu- 
Sacral, lateral. 
Internal iliac. 
Structures around sacrum. 
lar, ureteral. 
Spihal, rectal, muscular. 
Sacral, middle (or 
Continuation of 
Sacrum and coccyx. 
sacra media). 
Saphenous. 
aorta. 
Occasional branch of 
Accompanies saphenous 
Saphenous, small. 
common femoral. 
Popliteal (occa- 
vein. 
External malleolus. 
Scapular, dorsal. 
sional). 
Subscapular. 
Muscles of infraspinous 
Infrascapular. 
Scapular, posterior. 
Transverse cervical. 
fossa. 
Scapular muscles. 
Supraspinous, infraspinous, 
Sciatic. 
Internal iliac, ante- 
Muscles at back of pelvis, 
subscapular, muscular. 
Coccygeal, inferior gluteal, 
rior division. 
sciatic nerve, and hip-joint. 
muscular, anastomotic, ar- 
Scrotal, anterior. 
Inferior external pu- 
Anterior part of scrotum. 
ticular, cutaneous, comes 
nervi ischiadici, vesical, 
rectal, prostatic. 
Scrotal, posterior. 
die. 
Internal pudic. 
Posterior portion of scro- 
Septal, ascending. 
Sphenopalatine. 
turn. 
Mucous membrane of nasal 
Sigmoid. 
Inferior mesenteric. 
septum. 
Sigmoid flexure. 
Spermatic. 
Abdominal aorta. 
Scrotum and testicles. 
Ureteral, cremasteric, epi- 
Spermatic, external. 
Deep epigastric. 
Cremaster muscle and sper- 
didymal, testicular. 
Sphenoidal. 
Middle cerebral. 
matic cord. 
Sphenoidal lobe, lower part 
Sphenoidal. 
Pterygopalatine. 
of cortex. 
Sphenoidal cells. 
I 
Sphenoidal. 
Sphenopalatine. 
Sphenoidal cells. 
Sphenopalatine (or 
Internal maxillary. 
Nares and accessory cavi- 
Pharyngeal, sphenoidal, 
nasopalatine). 
ties. 
nasal, ascending septal. 
Spinal. 
Ascending cervical. 
Spinal canal. 
Spinal. 
Intercostals. 
Spinal canal and spine. 
Spinal. 
Lateral sacral. 
Spinal membranes, muscles, 
Spinal, anterior. 
Vertebral. 
integument over sacrum. 
Spinal cord. ARTERIES 
123 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.-Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Spinal, lateral. 
Spinal, posterior. 
Splenic. 
Vertebral. 
Vertebral. 
Celiac axis. 
Vertebrae and spinal canal. 
Spine. 
Spleen, pancreas, greater 
Small and large pancreatic, 
Splenic. 
Sternal. 
Sternomastoid. 
Sternomastoid (or 
middle mastoid). 
Sternomastoid, 
Left phrenic. 
Internal mammary. 
Occipital. 
Superior thyroid. 
Suprascapular. 
curvature and left end of 
stomach, omentum. 
Spleen. 
Sternum and triangularis 
sterni. 
Sternomastoid muscle. 
Sternomastoid, and other 
muscles of neck. 
Sternomastoid muscle. 
left gastro-epiploic, vasa 
brevia, splenic branches. 
inferior. 
Stylomastoid. 
Posterior auricular. 
Middle ear, mastoid cells, 
Meatal, mastoid, stapedic, 
Subclavian. 
Innominate (right 
tympanic cavity, etc. 
Neck, thorax, spinal cord, 
tympanic, vestibular, ter- 
minal. 
Vertebral, thyroid axis, in- 
Subclavian. 
Subcostal (or 12 th 
side); arch of aorta 
(left side). 
Suprascapular. 
Thoracic aorta. 
arms, brain, meninges. 
Subclavius muscle. 
Intercostal space. 
ternal mammary, superior 
intercostal axillary. 
dorsal). 
Sublingual. 
Submaxillary. 
Submental. 
Lingual. 
Sublingual gland, side of 
Artery of the frenum. 
See Glandular. 
Facial. 
tongue, floor of mouth, 
and muscles of lower jaw. 
Tissues under the jaw. 
Muscular, perforating, cuta- 
Subscapular. 
Axillary. 
Back of axilla, muscles of 
neous, mental. 
Dorsal and infrascapular. 
Subscapular. 
' Subscapular. 
Su gual. 
Supra-acromial. 
Posterior scapular. 
Suprascapular 
Anterior spinal ,in 
median sulcus of 
cord. 
Suprascapular. 
shoulder and scapula. 
Subscapular fossa. 
Subscapular fossa. 
Gray matter of cord. 
Acromial region. 
Suprahyoid 
Lingual. 
Muscles above hyoid bone. 
(or hyoid). 
Supraorbital. 
Ophthalmic. 
Forehead, upper muscles 
Periosteal, muscular, dip- 
Suprarenal, inferior. 
Suprarenal, middle. 
Suprarenal, 
Renal. 
Aorta. 
Phrenic. 
of orbit. 
Suprarenal body. 
Suprarenal bodies. 
Suprarenal bodies. 
loic, trochlear, palpebral. 
superior. 
Suprascapular 
Thyroid axis. 
Muscles of neck and shoul- 
Inferior sternomastoid, sub- 
(called also trans- 
versalis humeri). 
Supraspinous. 
Supraspinous. 
Suprasternal. 
Sural. 
Tarsal, external and 
internal. 
Temporal. 
Posterior scapular. 
Suprascapular. 
Suprascapular. 
Popliteal. 
Dorsalis pedis. 
External carotid. 
der. 
Trapezius and supraspinous 
muscles. 
Supraspinatus muscle. 
Upper part of chest. 
Muscles of popliteal space 
and calf. 
Muscles and joints of tarsus. 
Forehead (temporal region, 
clavian, nutrient, supra- 
sternal, acromial, articular, 
subscapular, supraspi- 
nous and infraspinous. 
Transverse facial, anterior 
Temporal. 
Temporal, deep, 
anterior. 
Temporal, deep, 
posterior. 
Posterior cerebral. 
Internal maxillary. 
Internal, maxillary. 
parotid gland, masseter 
muscle), auricle. 
Lower part of temporal lobe. 
Temporal muscle, malar 
bone. 
Temporal fossa. 
auricular, middle tempo- 
ral, and anterior and poste- 
rior terminal. ARTERIES 
124 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.- Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Temporal, middle. 
Temporal, posterior. 
Termatic. 
Testicular. 
Thalamic, middle. 
Temporal. 
Superficial temporal. 
Anterior communi- 
cating. 
Spermatic. 
Posterior communi- 
cating. 
Temporal muscle. 
Side of head and vertex. 
Corpus callosum and limina 
cinerea. 
Testicle. 
Optic thalamus. 
Thoracic, acromial. 
Thoracic, alar. 
Thoracic, external. 
Thoracic, inferior. 
Thoracic, internal. 
Thoracic, long. 
Thoracic, short. 
Thymic. 
Thymic. 
Axillary. 
Axillary. 
See Mammary, ex- 
ternal. 
See Mammary, ex- 
ternal. 
See Mammary, in- 
ternal. 
Axillary. 
Axillary. 
Internal mammary. 
See Mediastinal. 
Muscles of chest, shoulder, 
and arm. 
Axillary glands. 
Pectoral muscles, axilla, 
mammary and axillary 
glands. 
Intercostal muscles, serra- 
tus magnus. 
Mediastinum and thymus. 
Acromial, humeral, pecto- 
ral, clavicular. 
Thyroid axis. 
Subclavian. 
Larynx, trachea, esophagus, 
muscles of shoulder, neck, 
thorax, spine. 
Inferior thyroid, supra- 
scapular, transverse cervi- 
cal. 
Thyroid, inferior. 
Thyroid, middle. 
Thyroid axis. 
See Thyroidea ima. 
Larynx, esophagus, thyroid 
gland, and muscles of 
neck. 
Ascending cervical, esopha- 
geal, tracheal, inferior 
laryngeal, muscular. 
Thyroid, superior. 
Thyroidea ima. 
Thyrolaryngeal. 
External carotid. 
Innominate. 
Thyroid superior. 
Muscles attached to hyoid 
bone, sternomastoid, lar- 
ynx, and thyroid gland. 
Thyroid gland. 
Larynx and thyroid gland. 
Hyoid, sternomastoid, su- 
perior laryngeal, cricothy- 
roid. 
Tibial, anterior. 
Popliteal. 
Knee, leg, and ankle. 
Tibial recurrent, muscular, 
internal and external mal- 
leolar, dorsalis pedis. 
Tibial, posterior. 
Tibial, recurrent, 
anterior. 
Popliteal. 
Anterior tibial. 
Leg, foot, and heel. 
Tibialis anticus muscle. 
Peroneal, muscular, nutri- 
ent, cutaneous, communi- 
cating, malleolar, calca- 
nean, internal and exter- 
nal plantar. 
Tibial, recurrent, 
posterior. 
Tonsillar. 
Tonsillar. 
Tracheal. 
Anterior tibial. 
Ascending palatine. 
Facial. 
Inferior thyroid. 
Back part of the knee-joint. 
Tonsil and Eustachian tube. 
Tonsil and base of the ton- 
gue. 
Trachea. 
Anastomosing with inferior 
articular arteries of the 
knee. 
Transversalis 
colli. 
Transversalis 
humeri. 
Transverse. 
Transverse. 
Transverse nasal. 
Transverse perineal. 
Thyroid axis. 
See Suprascapular. 
External circumflex. 
Right coronary. 
Nasal (of ophthal- 
mic). 
Superficial perineal. 
Neck and region of scapula. 
Upper muscles of thigh. 
Heart. 
Root of nose. 
Perineum. 
Superficial cervical and pos- 
terior scapular. 
Tricipital. 
Tympanic. 
Posterior circumflex. 
See Glaserian. 
Triceps muscle. 
< M • 
Tympanic. 
1 
Ascending pharyn- 
geal. 
Tympanum. ARTERIES 
125 
ARTERIES 
A TABLE OF THE ARTERIES.- Continued. 
Artery. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Tympanic. 
Middle meningeal. 
Tensor tympani muscle. 
; Tympanic. 
Stylomastoid. 
Membrana tympani. 
Tympanic. 
Vidian. 
Tympanum. 
Tubal. 
Ovarian. 
Fallopian tube. 
Ulnar. 
Brachial. 
Elbow, muscles of forearm, 
wrist, and fingers. 
Anterior and posterior ul- 
nar recurrent, interosse- 
ous, muscular, nutrient, 
anterior and posterior car- 
pal, superficial palmar 
arch. 
Ulnar carpal, ante- 
rior and posterior. 
Ulnar. 
Carpal region. 
Ulnar, recurrent, an- 
terior and poste- 
rior. 
Ulnar. 
Elbow-joint, muscles about 
it, and muscles of arm. 
Ulnocarpal, anterior. 
Ulnar. 
Muscles of the hand. 
Ureteral. 
Ovarian. 
Ureter. 
Ureteral. 
Renal. 
Ureter. 
Ureteral. 
Spermatic. 
Ureter. 
Ureteric. 
Common iliac. 
Ureter. 
; Ureteric, inferior. 
Superior vesical. 
Ureter and bladder. 
Ureteric, middle. 
Common iliac, or in- 
ternal spermatic. 
Middle portion of ureter. 
; Ureteric, superior. 
Renal. 
Upper portion of ureter. 
Uterine. 
Internal iliac, ante- 
rior trunk. 
Uterus. 
Cervical, vaginal, azygos. 
1 Uterine. 
। Utero-ovarian. 
I Uveal. 
Ovarian. 
Analogous with the 
spermatic artery of 
the male. 
See Ciliary, ■poste- 
rior and short. 
Uterus. 
Vaginal. 
Internal iliac, ante- 
rior trunk. 
Vagina. 
Vasa brevia. 
Splenic. 
Stomach. 
Vermiform, inferior. 
Cerebellar, posterior 
inferior. 
Vermiform lobe of cerebel- 
lum. 
Vermiform, superior. 
Superior cerebellar. 
Superior vermiform lobe of 
cerebellum. 
Vertebral. 
Subclavian. 
Muscles of neck, vertebrae, 
spinal cord, cerebellum, 
and interior of cerebrum. 
Lateral spinal, muscular, ' 
posterior meningeal, pos- 7 
terior and anterior spinal, 
inferior cerebellar, basi- 
lar. 
Vesical, inferior. 
Internal iliac, ante- 
rior division. 
Bladder, prostate, seminal 
vesicles, or (in female) va- 
gina. 
Vesical, middle. 
Superior vesical. 
Bladder, prostate, seminal 
vesicles. 
Vesical, superior. 
Internal iliac, ante- 
rior division. 
Bladder, vas deferens. 
Deferential, ureteric, mid- 
dle vesical. 
V'esicoprostatic. 
Middle hemorrhoi- 
dal. 
Prostate gland and seminal 
vesicles. 
Vestibular. 
Internal auditory. 
Membranous labyrinth. 
Vestibular. 
Stylomastoid. 
Vestibule and semicircular 
canals. 
Vidian. 
Vieussen's. 
Vitelline. 
Internal maxillary. 
Branch of right cor- 
onarysupplying the 
tissue in front of the 
pulmonary artery. 
See Omphalomesen- 
teric. 
Nasopharynx, Eustachian 
tube, and tympanum. 
Pharyngeal, Eustachian, 
tympanic. 
Volar, superficial. 
Radial. 
Muscle of thumb. 
Helps to form superficial 
Xiphoid. 
Zygomatico-orbital. 
Superior epigastric. 
The orbital branch of 
the temporal artery. 
Xiphoid cartilage. 
palmar arch. ARTHRECTOMY 
126 
ARTHROPHYTE 
arthrectomy (ar-threk'to-me) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
tKropri excision]. The excision of a joint. 
arthrempyesis (ar"threm-pi-e'sis) [Gr. apdpov 
joint 4- ipirbrjacs suppuration]. Suppuration in a 
joint. 
arthresthesia (ar-thres-the'ze-ah) [Gr. &pdpov 
joint 4- alod^ais sensation]. Joint sensibility; the 
perception of joint motions. 
arthrifuge (ar'thrif-uj) [arthritis 4- L. juga're to 
put to flight]. A cure for gout. 
arthrigonin (ar-thre-go'nin) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
gonococcus], A proprietary polyvalent gonococcus 
vaccine. 
arthrisin (ar'thris-in). See acetyl salicylamid. 
arthritic (ar-thrit'ik). i. Pertaining to or affected 
with gout or arthritis. 2. A person affected with 
arthritis. 
arthriticin (ar-thrit'is-in). A disinfectant and 
antarthritic: used in the treatment of gout. Tt is 
a compound of diethylenamin and the nitril of the 
ethyl kresol of amino-acetic acid, C2H5.O.C6H4.N.- 
CH2.NH2.CO[N(CH2)4NH]. 
arthritide (ar'thrit-id). Any inflammatory joint 
disease; an arthritis. 
arthritis (ar-thri'tis) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- -ins in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of a joint, acute a., 
arthritis marked by pain, heat, redness, and swell- 
ing, due to gout, rheumatism, gonorrhea, or trau- 
matism. acute gouty a., acute arthritis asso- 
ciated with gout, acute rheumatic a., a form 
of acute arthritis of rheumatic origin, atrophic 
a., arthritis deformans marked by acute inflam- 
mation and swelling of the joints, which are followed 
by gradual and progressive atrophy of the joint 
structures, chronic villous a., a form of 
arthritis deformans due to villous outgrowths from 
the synovial membranes, which cause impairment 
of function and crepitation: called also dry joint. 
a. defor mans, a disease of the joints, of doubtful 
etiology and with a marked tendency to chronicity, 
characterized by changes in the synovial mem- 
branes and periarticular structures, and often by 
atrophic and hypertrophic changes in the bones, 
leading to marked joint deformity, diaphrag- 
matic a., angina pectoris, dysenteric a., 
arthritis due to the absorption of specific dysenteric 
toxins into a joint, a. fungosa, white swell- 
ing; tuberculosis of a joint, gonorrheal a., 
acute arthritis due to gonococcus, gouty a., 
arthritis due to gout, hemophilic a., any joint 
lesion occurring in arthritis, hypertrophic a., 
arthritis deformans marked by hypertrophy of the 
cartilage at the edge of the joints, with ossification 
of this hypertrophied tissue: called also osteo- 
arthritis. a. inter na, gout of an internal 
organ, navicular a., inflammation of the carti- 
lage covering the navicular bone of the hoof of a 
horse, neuropathic a., Charcot's disease, 
a. nodo'sa. 1. Arthritis deformans. 2. Gout, 
a. pau'perum, rheumatoid arthritis; also called 
poor-man's gout, proliferating a. Same as a. 
deformans, rheumatoid a., a term formerly 
applied to atrophic arthritis on the supposition that 
the disease was rheumatismal or gouty in its nature. 
Called also chronic rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic 
gout, etc. suppurative a., a form marked by 
purulent joint infiltration; often due to traumatism 
or to pyemia, syphilitic a., a form associated 
with or due to syphilis, uratic a. Same as 
gouty a. urethral a., gonorrheal arthritis, 
visceral a., gout of an internal organ. 
arthritism (ar'thrit-izm) [arthritis]. The gouty 
diathesis; the peculiar diathesis or disposition of 
body that predisposes to joint disease. It is marked 
by any of the following conditions: seborrhea, 
eczema, asthma, corpulency, diabetes, gout, hem- 
orrhoids, migraine, bronchorrhea, and nasal hy- 
drorrhea. 
arthrobacterium (ar"thro-bak-te're-um) [Gr. 
apdpov joint 4- bacterium]. A bacterium that is 
reproduced by separation into joints or arthro- 
spores. 
arthrocace (ar-throk'as-e) [Gr. apdpov joint + koki) 
badness]. Caries of a joint. 
arthrocele (afthro-s^l) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- K-qX-r) 
tumor], A swollen joint. 
arthrochondritis (ar"thro-kon-dri'tis) [Gr. apdpov 
joint + chondritis}. The inflammation of the 
cartilages of a joint. 
arthroclasia (ar-thro-kla'ze-ah) [Gr. apdpov joint 
+ KXaeiv to break]. The breaking down of an 
ankylosis in order to secure free movement in a 
joint. 
arthroclisis (ar-thro-kli'sis) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
KXticns closure]. Ankylosis of a joint. 
arthrodesia (ar-thro-de'se-ah). Arthrodesis. 
arthrodesis (ar-throd'es-is) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
Seats binding]. The surgical fixation of a joint; 
artificial ankylosis. 
arthrodia (ar-thro'de-ah) [Gr. apdpubla]. An ar- 
ticulation or joint which allows a gliding motion 
of the surfaces. 
arthrodial (ar-thro'de-al). Of the nature of an 
arthrodia. 
arthrodynia (ar-thro-din'e-ah) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
btwvq pain]. Pain in a joint. 
arthro-empyesis (ar"thro-em-pi-e'sis) [Gr. apdpov 
joint + e/zirwjats suppuration]. Suppuration with- 
in a joint. 
arthrogenous (ar-throj'en-us) [Gr. apdpov joint 
+ 7ewav to produce]. Formed as a separate 
joint; as, arthrogenous spore. 
arthrography (ar-throg'ra-fe) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
ypa<pecv to write]. A description of the joints. 
arthrogryposis (ar"thro-grip-o'sis) [Gr. apdpov 
joint 4- ypviros curved], i. Persistent flexure or 
contracture of a joint. 2. Tetanoid spasm. 
arthrokleisis (ar-thro-kli'sis) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
KXtiai s closure]. Ankylosis, or the production of it. 
arthrolith (ar'thro-lith) (Gr. apdpov joint 4- XWos 
stone]. A calculous deposit in a joint. 
arthrolithiasis (ar"thro-lith-i'as-is). Gout. 
arthrology (ar-throl'o-je) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- Xbyos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
the joints. 
arthromeningitis (ar"thro-men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. 
apdpov joint 4- pitviyZ membrane]. Same as syno- 
vitis. 
arthrometer (ar throm'et-er) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
uerpov measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
angles of movements of joints as an indication of 
the range of mobility. 
arthrometry (ar-throm'et-re). The measurement 
of the range of mobility of joints. 
arthroncus (ar-throng'kus) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
oy kos mass]. Swelling of a joint. 
arthroneuralgia (ar"thro-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. apdpov 
joint 4- neuralgia]. Neuralgia of a joint. 
arthropathology (ar"thro-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. 
apdpov joint 4- pathology]. The pathology of dis- 
eases of the joints; joint pathology. 
arthropathy (ar-throp'ath-e) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- 
irbdos disease]. Any joint disease. Charcot's 
a., a trophic joint disease with effusion of fluids 
into a joint, seen in locomotor ataxia and in sy- 
ringomyelia and sometimes in general paresis, 
inflammatory a., an inflammatory joint disease; 
arthritis, osteopulmonary a., enlargement and 
swelling of the ends of the long bones following pul- 
monary disease, static a., a disturbance in a 
joint of the extremity secondary to a disturbance 
in some other joint of the same extremity, as one in 
the knee-joint secondary to one in the hip-joint, 
tabetic a. Same as Charcot's a. 
arthrophyma (ar-thro-fi'mah) [Gr. apdpov joint + 
<pvpa swelling]. The swelling of a joint. 
arthrophyte (ar'thro-fit) [Gr. apdpov joint 4- <pvrbv 
plant]. An abnormal growth in a joint cavity. ARTHROPLASTIC 
127 
ASAFETIDA 
arthroplastic (ar-thro-plas'tik). Pertaining to 
arthroplasty. 
arthroplasty (arThro-plas-te) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
TrXdaaeiv to form]. Plastic surgery of a joint or 
of joints; formation of movable joints. 
arthropod (ar'thro-pod). An animal belonging to 
the Arthropoda. 
Arthropoda (ar-throp'o-dah) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
irovs foot]. One of the great divisions of the animal 
kingdom, including articulate animals with jointed 
limbs. It comprises insects, spiders, crustaceans, 
myriapods, etc. 
arthropodan, arthropodic (ar'thro-po-dan, ar- 
thro-po'dik). Pertaining to or caused by arthro- 
pods. 
arthropyosis (ar"thro-pi-o'sis) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
iruwais suppuration]. The formation of pus in a 
joint cavity. 
arthrorheumatism (ar-thro-ru'mat-izm) [Gr. 
apOpov joint + rheumatism]. Articular rheuma- 
tism. 
arthrosia (ar-thro'se-ah) [Gr. apOpov joint]. 1. A 
proprietary medicine: said to be antilithic, tonic, 
and alterative. 2. Painful inflammation of a joint. 
arthrosis (ar-thro'sis) [Gr. apOpioais joint]. 1. A 
joint or articulation. 2. A disease of a joint, a. 
defor'mans, arthritis deformans. 
arthrospore (ar'thro-spor) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
virbpos seed]. Modified forms of bacteria at one 
time thought to be more resistant than the usual 
forms. In the rod-shaped forms the cells become 
granular, and in the chain forms certain members 
enlarge. 
arthrosteitis (ar"thros-te-i'tis) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
ooreov bone]. Inflammation of the bony struc- 
tures of a joint. 
arthrosteopedic (ar-thros-te-o-pe'dik). Pertaining 
to the extremities and skeleton, as arthrosteopedic 
surgery. 
arthrostomy (ar-thros'to-me) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
arbp.a an opening]. The surgical formation of 
an opening into a joint, as for the purpose of 
drainage. 
arthrosynovitis (ar"thro-si-no-vi'tis) [Gr. apOpov 
joint + synovitis]. Inflammation of the synovial 
membrane of a joint. 
arthrotome (a/thro-tom) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
repveiv to cut]. A knife for operating on joints. 
arthrotomy (ar-throt'o-me) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
ropq cut]. Surgical incision of a joint. 
arthrotropic (ar-thro-trop'ik) [Gr. apOpov joint 
4- rporros turning toward]. Having an affinity 
for joints. 
arthrotyphoid (ar-thro-ti'foid) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
typhoid]. Typhoid fever beginning with symp- 
toms resembling those of rheumatic fever. 
arthroxesis (ar-throks'es-is) [Gr. apOpov joint + 
scraping]. The scraping of an articular 
surface. 
Arthus' phenomenon (ar-toos'ez) [Maurice 
Arthus, contemporary French physiologist]. See 
under phenomenon. 
artiad (ar'te-ad) [Gr. apnos even]. Any chemic 
element having an even-numbered valency. 
article (ar'tik-1) [L. artic'ulus a little joint]. An 
interarticular segment; one of the portions or 
segments forming a jointed series. 
articular (ar-tik'u-lar) [L. articula'ris]. Of or per- 
taining to a joint. 
articulate (ar-tik'u-lat) [L. articula'tus jointed]; 
1. Divided into or united by joints. 2. Enunci- 
ated in words and sentences. 3. To divide into 
joints. 
articulated (ar-tik'u-la-ted). Connected by joints, 
articulatio (ar-tik-u-la'she-o). Latin for articula- 
tion or joint. 
articulation (ar-tik-u-la'shun) [L. articula' tio], 
1. A joint in an arthrosis. See joint. 2. The 
enunciation of words and sentences. 3. In den- 
tistry, arrangement1 Of artificial teeth so as to ac- 
commodate the various positions of the mouth, 
ambomalleal a., the articulation of the malleus 
with the incus, capitular a's, the articulations 
between the vertebrae and the heads of the ribs, 
carpal a. 1. The wrist-joint. 2. The knee-joint 
of an animal, confluent a., speech in which the 
syllables are run together. 
articulator (ar-tik'u-la-tor). A device for effect- 
ing a joint-like union, dental a., a dentist's 
apparatus for matching the upper and lower 
dentures. 
articulatory (ar-tik'u-la-to-re). Pertaining to ut- 
terance. 
articulo mortis (ar-tik'u-lo mor'tis) [L.]. At the 
point, or moment, of death. 
artifact (ar'te-fakt). Same as artefact. 
artifactitious (ar-te-fak-tish'us). Having the 
character of an artifact. 
artificial (ar-tif-ish'al) [L. ars art + fa'cere to make] 
Made by art; not natural nor pathologic. 
Artiodactyla (ar"te-o-dak'til-ah) [Gr. aprios even 
+ 3<xktuXos toe]. An order of hoofed animals, 
having hoofs or toes even in number, including 
ruminants, pigs, deer, and antelopes. 
Artorius (ar-to're-us). A physician and medical 
writer of Rome in the first century b. c. He wrote 
a treatise on hydrophobia, which has been lost. 
Arum (a'rum). A genus of plants. A. dracon'tium 
has narcotic and antispasmodic properties. A. 
macula'turn furnishes sago. 
arvenol (ar-ve'nol). A preparation of menthol, 
thymol, and camphor: used by inhalation in re- 
spiratory diseases. 
aryepiglottic, aryepiglottidean, arytenoep- 
iglottic (ar"e-ep-ig-lot'ik, ar"e-ep-ig-lot-id'e- 
an, ar-it"en-o-ep-ig-lot'ik) [Gr. apvraiva pitcher 
+ epiglottis]. Pertaining to the arytenoid carti- 
lage and to the epiglottis. 
aryl- (ar'il-). A chemic prefix indicating a radical 
belonging to the aromatic series. 
arylarsonate (ar-il-ar'so-nat). A name for certain 
aromatic organic salts of arsenic. They include 
atoxyl, arsacetin, salvarsan (606), soamin, and 
orsudan. 
arytaenoideus (ar"it-en-oi'de-us). See muscles, 
table of. 
arytenectomy (ar-e-ten-ek'to-me) [L. arytenoid 
+ Gr. eKTopij excision]. Excision of an aryte- 
noid cartilage in the horse. 
arytenoid (ar-it-e'noid) [Gr. apvraiva pitcher + 
elbos form]. Shaped like a jug or pitcher. 
arytenoidectomy (ar"it-e-noi-dek'to-me) [aryte- 
noid + Gr. eKTop-q excision]. Surgical removal of 
an arytenoid cartilage. 
arytenoiditis (ar-it"en-oi-di'tis). Inflammation of 
the arytenoid cartilage or muscles 
As. An abbreviation for astigmatism; also the sym- 
bol for arsenic. 
a. s. Abbreviation for L., au'ris sinis'tra, left ear. 
As. H. Abbreviation for hypermetropic astigmatism. 
As. M. Abbreviation for myopic astigmatism. 
asafetida, asafoetida (as-af-et'id-ah) [L. a'sa, 
Persian a'za gum + V. fcel'ida fetid]. A fetid gum- 
resin, with garlic-like odor, from the root of Fer'ula 
na/thex and F. scorodos'ma. It is slightly soluble 
in alcohol, and forms an emulsion with water. 
Asafetida is an antispasmodic, stimulant, and ex- 
pectorant, and is used in chorea and hysteria, 
especially when digestive disorder exists. Dose, 
5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.), emulsion of a. 
(emul'sum asafoet'idce), called also milk of asafetida. 
Dose, 4-8 dr. (15-30 c.c.). mixture of a. 
(mistu'ra asafoet'idce), called also Dewees' car- 
minative, . contains also magnesia and opium. 
Dose, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.). pills of a. (pilu'lce 
asafeet'idee). Dose, 1-4. pills of a., com- 
pound (pilu'lce asafoet'idce compos'itce). Dose, ASAPHIA 
128 
-ASE 
5-20 gr. (0.333-1.3 gm.), plaster of a. (em- 
plas'trum asa/oet'idai), contains asafetida, 35 parts; 
lead plaster, 35 parts; galbanum, 15 parts; yel- 
low wax, 15 parts, and alcohol, 120 parts, 
tincture of a. (tinctu'ra asafxt'ida). Dose, 
30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
asaphia (ah-sa'fe-ah) [Gr. daa^eta]. Indistinctness 
of utterance. 
asaprol (as'a-prol) [Gr. a neg. + aasrphs decayed]. 
A white antiseptic, antirheumatic, and antipyretic 
substance, Ca(C10H8OHSO3)2, or calcium beta- 
naphthol-alpha-monosulphonate, soluble in water 
and alcohol. It is used in rheumatism, gout, 
diphtheria, influenza, typhoid fever, etc. Dose, 
5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
asarol (as'ar-ol). The trimethyl ether of propenyl 
trioxybenzene, CjHj.Cs^fOCHs^, a volatile oil 
from various species of Asarum. 
Asarum (as'ar-um) [L.; Gr. haapou]. 1. A genus 
of aristolochiaceous plants. 2. The root of A. 
canaden'se, wild ginger or Canada snakeroot, is a 
fragrant and aromatic stimulant. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). A. europium, or 
asarabacca, is diuretic, diaphoretic, purgative, 
and emetic. Dose of the leaves (as'ari fo'lia) 
as an errhine, 1-2 gr. (0.066-0.133 gm.); as an 
emetic, 30-120 gr. (1.95-7.8 gm.). 
asbestos (as-bes'tos) [Gr. aa0earos quicklime]. A 
fibrous magnesian and calcic silicate, having a 
limited use in dentistry and surgery. It is incom- 
bustible. 
asbolin (as'bo-lin) [Gr. aa^bX-q soot]. A yellowish 
oil from the roots of pine trees, consisting largely 
of pyrocatechol: used in tuberculosis. 
ascariasis (as-kah-ri'as-is) [see Ascaris]. Infesta- 
tion with ascarides: also ill health due to ascar- 
ides. 
ascaricide (as-kar'is-id) [Gr. ha Ka pis ascaris + L. 
cxd'ere to kill]. A drug that destroys ascarides. 
Ascarides (as-kar'id-e). A family of Nematoda char- 
acterized by three oral papilla: or lips. 
ascarides (as-kar'id-ez). Plural of ascaris. 
ascaridiasis (as"kar-id-i'as-is). See ascariasis. 
ascariosis (as-kar-e-o'sis). Ascariasis. 
Ascaris (as'kar-is), pl. ascar'ides (as-kar'id-ez) 
[L.; Gr. haKapis]. A genus of intestinal lumbricoid 
parasites of the order Nematoda. A. ala'ta, 
A. mys'tax. See Belascaris mystax. A. ca'nis. 
See Toxascaris canis. A. lumbricoi'des, the 
eelworm or round-worm; a common worm resem- 
bling the earth-worm; it is found in the Small intes- 
tine, especially in children, causing colicky pains 
and diarrhea. A. margina'ta. See Toxascaris 
canis. A. suil'la, a species found in hogs. A. 
texa'na, a species recently found in Texas. A. 
vermicula'ris. See Oxyuris. 
ascaron (as'kar-6n). A toxic mixture of proteoses 
and peptones obtained from several species of 
Ascaris. 
ascending (as-en'ding). Having an upward course, 
ascensus uteri (as-en'sus u'ter-i) [L.]. Abnor- 
mally high position of the uterus. 
As,(CH3)4. Cacodyl. 
Asch's operation, splint [Morris J. Asch, 
American laryngologist, 1833-1902]. See operation, 
splint. 
Ascherson's membrane, vesicles (ash'er-sunz) 
[Ferdinand Moritz A scherson, German physician, 
1798-1879]. See under membrane and vesicle. 
Aschner's phenomenon (ash'nerz) [B. Aschner, 
contemporary German physician]. See phenome- 
non. 
AS2(CH3)(O. Cacodyl oxid. 
Aschoff's bodies or nodules (ash'ofs) [Ludwig 
Aschoff, German pathologist, born 1866]. See 
under body. A's node. See under node. 
Aschoff-Tawara node. See under node. 
ascia (as'e-ah) [L. " ax," from the shape of its 
folds]. A name for various forms of spiral bandage. 
ascites (as-i'tez) [L.; Gr. aaKir^s, from daxos bag]. 
Dropsy of the abdominal cavity; an accumula- 
tion of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It 
is marked by fluctuant, painless swelling of the 
abdomen, which gives a dull sound on percus- 
sion. Ascites is due to local inflammation of the 
peritoneum or to obstruction of the venous cir- 
culation by disease of the heart, kidney, or liver. 
The fluid in ascites is clear and yellow, and coag- 
ulates on standing, a. adipo'sus, a variety 
characterized by a milky appearance of the con- 
tained fluid, due to the presence of cells that 
have undergone a fatty degeneration, chyli- 
form a., a. chylo'sus, the presence of chyle in 
the peritoneal cavity; it is caused by the rupture of 
a chyliferous vessel, fatty a. See a. adiposus. 
hydremic a., that which is associated with, or 
due to, a watery state of the blood, preagonal 
a., a flow of serum into the peritoneal cavity just 
before death, pseudochylous a., ascites in 
which the contained fluid resembles chyle in ap- 
pearance, but does not contain fatty matter. 
ascitic (as-it'ik). Affected with, or pertaining to, 
ascites. 
Asclepiad (as-kle'pe-ad). A priest of the temple of 
^Esculapius (Asclepias), supposed to be a descend- 
ant of his; also applied to any devoted high-minded 
physician. 
Asclepiades (as-kle-pi'ad-ez). A Bithynian physi- 
cian, born about 124 b.c., who practised at Rome 
and attained a great reputation. He wrote many 
works (about 20), but only small fragments of 
them, in the form of quotations in later literature, 
are in existence. 
asclepiadin (as-kle-pi'ad-in). A bitter glucosid 
from Asclepias: emetic, aperient, sudorific, and 
poisonous. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.333 gm.). 
Asclepias (as-kle'pe-as) [L.]. A genus of asclepi- 
adaceous plants. The root of A. tubero'sa, or pleu- 
risy-root, is expectorant, diaphoretic, and tonic, and 
is used in the fevers of rheumatism, pleurisy, and 
bronchitis. Dose in powder, 20-60 gr. (1.333-4 
gm.). A. curassa'vica is an herb of tropical Amer- 
ica: astringent, styptic, and anthelmintic. Dose 
of fluidextract, 20-60 min. (1.25-4 c.c.). 
asclepidin (as-klep'id-in). A proprietary concen- 
tration from Ascle'pias tubero'sa: deobstruent. 
Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.333 gm.). 
asclepin (as'klep-in). 1. A poisonous cathartic, 
diaphoretic, and alterant principle obtainable 
from asclepiadin. 2. A proprietary alterative, 
evacuant, tonic, and sedative from Ascle'pias tube- 
ro'sa. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 gm.). 
ascocarp (as'ko-karp) [Gr. aa/cos bag+Kapirbs fruit]. 
The developed fructification in ascomycetes, in- 
cluding asci and ascospores. 
Ascococcus (as-ko-kok'us) [Gr. aaKos bag + kokkos 
kernel]. A genus or form of bacterial coccus, 
consisting of round or ovoid cells, occurring in 
masses and surrounded by tough gelatinous en- 
velops. A. billro'thii occurs in the air and in 
decaying meat. A. cit'reus occurs in the skin in 
seborrhea. 
ascogonium (as-ko-go'ne-um). The female organ 
in some of the cryptogamous plants which, after 
fertilization, develops into asci. Called also archi- 
carp and carpogonium. 
Ascoli's reaction (as-ko'lez) [Albert Ascoli, 
Italian veterinarian]. See reaction. 
Ascomycetes (as"ko-mi-se'tez) [Gr. aaKos bag + 
piiK-qs fungus]. A group of fungi which form 
ascospores. It includes the yeasts, Penicillium, 
Aspergillus, Trichophyton, and Achorion. 
ascospore (as'ko-spor) [Gr. daxds bag + airbpos 
seed]. One of a set of spores contained in a spe- 
cial sac, or ascus. See spore. 
ascus (as'kus) [Gr. aanbs a bag], pl. as'ci. The 
sporangium or spore-case of certain lichens and 
fungi, consisting of a single terminal cell. 
-ase. A suffix designating an enzyme, as lipase, 
diastase. ASEBOTIN 
129 
ASPERGILLUS 
asebotin (as-eb'o-tin). A glucosid obtained from 
the leaves of mountain laurel, Kal'mia latifo'lia. 
asecretory (ah-se'kre-to-re). Without secretion. 
asellin (as-el'in) [L. asel'lus cod]. A poisonous 
base, C25H32N4, from cod-liver oil. 
Aselli's glands or pancreas (as-el'ez) [Gaspare 
Aselli, Italian anatomist, 1581-1626]. See under 
pancreas. 
asemasia (ah-se-ma'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. + a^paala 
sign]. Lack or loss of the power of communica- 
tion by words or by signals. 
asemia (ah-se'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. + aijpa sign]. 
Inability to employ or to understand either speech 
or signs, due to a central lesion, a. graph'ica, 
inability either to write or to understand writing, 
due to a central lesion, a. mim'ica, inability 
to understand or to perform any action expressive 
of thought or emotion, a. verba'lis, inability 
to make use of or to understand words. 
asepsin (ah-sep'sin). Same as antisepsin. 
asepsis (ah-sep'sis) [Gr. a priv. + decay]. 
Absence of septic matter, or freedom from in- 
fection. 
aseptic (ah-sep'tik) [Gr. a neg. 4- <rfppis decay]. 
Not septic; free from septic material, a. acid, 
an antiseptic mixture of boric acid, water, hydro- 
gen dioxid, and salicylic acid. a.-antiseptic, 
both aseptic and antiseptic. 
asepticism (ah-sep'tis-izm). The principles and 
practice of aseptic surgery. 
asepticize (ah-sep'tis-iz). To render aseptic; to 
free from pathogenic materials. 
aseptin (ah-sep'tin). A proprietary food-preserv- 
ative, said to be boric acid. 
aseptinol (ah-sep'tin-ol). 1. A proprietary oint- 
ment made of zinc oxid, resorcinol, etc. 2. A 
proprietary dusting-powder made of boric acid, 
eucalyptol, menthol, etc. 
aseptol (ah-sep'tol) [aseptic + L. o'leum oil]. 
Phenolsulphonic acid, OH.C6H4.SO2OH, a reddish, 
oily disinfectant and antiseptic: used like phenol in 
1-10 per cent, solutions. Called also sozolic and 
phenylsulphonic acid. 
aseptolin (ah-sep'to-lin). A preparation of phenol 
and pilocarpin: useful in intermittents and in 
phthisis. 
aseptule (ah-sep'tul). A capsule that will preserve 
its contents from decomposition. 
asequence (ah-se'kwens). Lack of the normal 
sequence between the auricular and ventricular 
contractions of the heart. 
asexual (ah-seks'u-al). Having no sex; not sexual, 
asexualization (ah-seks-u-al-iz-a'shun). Steriliza- 
tion of an individual, as by castration or vasectomy. 
asferrin (as-fer'in). An organic arsenic iron com- 
pound in the form of a greenish powder. 
asferryl (as-fer'il). Iron arsenotartrate, a greenish- 
yellow powder used in anemia, chlorosis, and debil- 
ity. Dose, | gr. (0.02 gm.) three times a day. 
ash. 1. The incombustible residue remaining after 
any process of incineration. 2. Any tree or 
species of the genus Fraxinus. F. o/nus and 
others afford manna (q. v.). The bark of many 
species is astringent and antiperiodic. 
asialia (ah"si-a'le-ah) [Gr. a neg. + ataXov spittle]. 
Absence or deficiency of the saliva. 
asiderosis (ah-sid-er-o'sis) [Gr. a neg. + aUyqpos 
iron]. Abnormal decrease of the iron reserve of 
the body. 
Asimina (ah-sim'in-ah) [L., from its Algonkin 
name]. A genus of North American trees and 
shrubs. A. tril'oba, the papaw or pawpaw, has 
an edible fruit and medicinal properties. 
asiminin (ah-sim'in-in). An alkaloid from the 
seeds of Asim'ina tril'oba. It is narcotic, but is 
seldom used as a remedy. 
asiphyl (ah-sif'il). See aspirochyl. 
asitia (ah-sish'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. + airos food]. A 
loathing for food. 
asjike (ahs-ji'ke). Beriberi. 
askaron (as'kar-on). Same as ascaron. 
As2O3. Arsenic trioxid. 
asoma (ah-so'mah), pl. aso'mata [Gr. a priv. + 
oupa body], A monster-fetus with an imperfect 
head and the merest rudiments of a trunk. 
asomatophyte (ah-so'mat-o-flt) [Gr. a neg. + 
aw/ia body + ipvrbv plant]. A plant in which 
there is no distinction between body and repro- 
ductive cells. Bacteria belong to this class. 
AsO.OH(CH3)2. Cacodylic acid. 
Asopia (ah-so'pe-ah). A genus of pyralid moths. 
A. farina'lis, the meal moth, acts as the inter- 
mediate host of Hymenolepsis diminuta. 
aspalasoma (as"pal-as-o'mah) [Gr. aarraXa^ mole 
+ awjua body], A variety of monster-fetus with 
lateral or median abdominal eventration and with 
other deformities. 
asparagin (as-par'aj-in) [Gr. aavapayos aspara- 
gus]. The monamid of aspartic acid, CH2(CONH2)- 
CH(NH2)CC>2H, from asparagus and from many 
kinds of seeds. It is soluble in hot water, but in- 
soluble in ether and alcohol. It is diuretic. Dose, 
1-2 gr. (0.066-0.133 gm.), a. hydrargyrate, a 
diuretic and antisyphilitic agent. Hypodermic 
dose, i gr. (0.01 gm.). 
asparaginic acid (as-per-aj-in'ik). See acid. 
Asparagus (as-pariag-us) [L.; Gr. aairapayos]. A 
genus of liliaceous plants. The root of A. offic- 
ina'lis is a mild diuretic. Dose of fluidextract, 
j-i dr. (2-4 c.c.). 
asparamid (as-par-am'id). Same as asparagin. 
asparol (as'par-ol). A fluid preparation of Aspar- 
agus officina'lis. 
asparolin (as-par'o-lin). A proprietary antispas- 
modic uterine tonic. 
aspartic acid (as-paritik). Same as asparaginic 
acid. See acid. 
aspect (as'pekt) [L. aspec'tus, from as pi'cere to 
look toward]. 1. That part of a surface which 
looks in any particular direction. 2. The look 
or appearance. 
aspergillar (as-per-jil'ar). Pertaining to or caused 
by Aspergillus. 
aspergillin (as-per-jil'in). A black pigment re- 
sembling hematin, from the spores of various spe- 
cies of Aspergil'lus: called also vegetable hematin. 
aspergillomycosis (as-per-jil-o-mi-ko'sis). A my- 
cosis caused by aspergilli; aspergillosis. 
aspergillosis (as"per-jil-o/sis). A diseased condi- 
tion marked by the presence of an aspergillus. 
aural a. See otomycosis, pulmonary a., 
infection of the lungs with Aspergillus, producing 
symptoms and lesions resembling those of pul- 
monary tuberculosis. 
Aspergillus (as-per-jil'us) [L. asper'gere to scatter]. 
A genus of ascomycetous fungi. It includes sev- 
eral of the common molds and some that are 
pathogenic. It is characterized by rounded 
conidiospores thickly set with chains of black 
conidia. A. auricula'ris, a mold found in the 
cerumen of the ear: pathogenic. A. barbae has 
been found in mycosis of the head. A. bon- 
for'di has been found in black mycetoma. A. 
concen'tricus, a species formerly considered to 
be the cause of Tinea imbricata. A. fla'vus, 
a mold found on corn and grain and believed to 
be concerned in the causation of blind staggers in 
horses. A. fumiga'tus has been found in 
the ear, nose, and lungs. A. glau'cus, a bluish 
mold found on dried fruit, occurring also in tiie 
ear. A. mucoroi'des, a species found in tuber- 
culous or gangrenous lung tissue. A. mycosis. 
Same as otomycosis. A. nid'ulans, a species 
causing white mycetoma. A. ni'ger, a species 
found in the external ear causing otomycosis. It ASPERMATISM 
130 
ASTER 
also causes diseases in animals that consume grain 
infected with it. A. pic'tor, a species found in 
the white patches of pinta. A. re'pens, a species 
found in the auditory canal, where it may produce 
a false membrane. 
aspermatism (ah-sper'mat-izm). Same as asper- 
mia. 
aspermia (ah-sper'me-ah) [Gr. a priv. + atreppa 
seed]. Deficient secretion of semen. 
aspersion (as-per'shun) [L. aspe/sio]. The act 
of sprinkling the body with a therapeutic agent. 
asphserinia, aspherinia (ah-sfe-rin'e-ah) [Gr. 
a neg. + atpaepa ball]. Same as aglobulia. 
asphalgesia (as-fal-je'ze-ah) [Gr. aaepe own + &Xyos 
pain]. A sensation of burning felt on touching 
certain articles: occurring during hypnosis. 
asphyctic, asphyctous (as-fik'tik, as-fik'tus). 
Pertaining to, or affected with, asphyxia. 
asphyxia (as-fiks'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. + aepv^es pulse]. 
Suffocation; also suspended animation from suf- 
focation or a deficiency of oxygen in the blood. 
It is attended by a feeling of suffocation, cyano- 
sis, and coma. a. carbon'ica, suffocation from 
the inhalation of coal-gas, water-gas, or carbon 
monoxid. a. liv'ida, asphyxia in which the skin 
is livid from the presence of carbon dioxid in the 
blood, but the circulation continues, local a., 
suspension of vital functions in a limited part, as 
fingers, toes, or nose, due to arterial spasm. It 
comes on suddenly, lasts for several weeks, and 
often ends in gangrene. Called also Raynaud's 
disease, a. neonato'rum, imperfect breathing, 
as in newborn infants, a. pal lida, asphyxia 
attended with paleness of the skin, weak pulse, and 
abolition of the reflexes, secondary a., as- 
phyxia recurring after apparent recovery from 
suffocation, traumatic a., discoloration of the 
head and neck as a result of sudden or severe com- 
pression of the trunk; called also ecchymotic mask 
and pressure stasis. 
asphyxial (as-fik'se-al). Characterized by asphyxia, 
asphyxiant (as-fik'se-ant). Producing asphyxia, 
asphyxiate (as-fik'se-at). To put into a state of 
more or less complete asphyxia. 
aspidin (as'pid-in). A poisonous principle, C23- 
H27O7, derivable from male-fern. 
Aspidium (as-pid'e-um) [L.jjGr. aaTrebeov little 
shield]. A genus of ferns called shield-ferns. 
The rhizome of A. (Dryop'teris) fil'ix-mas (male- 
fern) and A. margina'lis is a valuable teniacide. 
Dose, 60-240 gr. (4-16 gm.); of fluidextract, 
15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.); of oleoresin, 1 dr. (2-4 gm.). 
A. spinulo'sum is used as a teniafuge. 
aspidosamin (as"pid-o-sam'in). A basic principle, 
C22H29N2O2, from quebracho bark: emetic. 
Aspidosperma (as"pid-o-sper'mah) [Gr. &<rirls 
shield + erreeppa seed], 1. A genus of apocyna- 
ceous trees. 2. Quebracho bark: the bark of 
A. quebra'cho, a South American tree. It is 
antiperiodic and is useful in asthmatic and car- 
diac dyspnea. 
aspidospermin (as"pid-o-sper'min). An alkaloid, 
C22H30N2O2, from the bark of Aspidosper'ma 
quebra'cho. Dose, $-3 gr. (0.033-2 gm.). 
aspirate (as'pi-rat). 1. To treat by aspiration. 2. 
A consonantal sound in which some part of the 
respiratory tract is constricted, the nasal cavity 
shut off, and the breath makes a whistling noise. 
aspiration (as-pir-a'shun) [L. ad to + spira're to 
breathe]. 1. The act of breathing or drawing in. 
2. The removal of fluids or gases from a cavity 
by means of the aspirator. 
aspirator (as'pir-a-tor). An apparatus used for 
removing by suction the fluids or gases from a 
cavity. Dieulafoy's a., consists of a glass 
cylinder with a piston, and having two openings, 
one for a trocar and cannula, the other for a dis- 
charge tube. 
aspirin (as'pir-in). Acetyl-salicylic acid, CH3CO2- 
C6H4CO2H, a white, crystalline compound, soluble 
in 100 parts of water and in alcohol: used like 
sodium salicylate as a remedy for rheumatism and 
pleurisy, in chorea, and to reduce fever in tubet- 
culosis. It is incompatible with alkalis and must 
be given in dry form. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
aspirochyl (as-pi'ro-kil). Mercury paraminophe- 
nylarsenate: used in syphilis. Dose, 16 min. (1 c.c.) 
of a 1 : 20 suspension in glycerin, hypodermically. 
Called also asiphyl. 
aspirolithin (as"pir-o-lith'in). A proprietary 
combination of acetylsalicylic acid and lithium. 
aspirophen (as-pi'ro-fen). A mixture of free sali- 
cylic acid and monoacetyl phenocoll: used like 
the salicylates. 
Asplenium (as-ple'ne-um). A genus of ferns, 
several species of which are medicinal. 
asporogenic, asporogenous (as"po-ro-jen'ik, 
as"po-roj'en-us) [Gr. a neg. + sporogenic], Not 
producing spores; not reproduced by spores. 
asporous (ah-spo'rus) [Gr. a neg. + aTropos seed]. 
Having no true spores: applied to microorganisms. 
asporulate (ah-spor'u-lat). Not producing spores, 
asquirrol (as-kwi/ol). A proprietary mercury 
preparation, mercury dimethylate, for use by injec- 
tion in syphilis. 
assafoetida (as-af-et'id-ah). See asafetida. 
assanation (as-an-a'shun) [L. ad to + sa'nus 
sound]. Sanitation; the improvement of sani- 
tary conditions. 
Assfizat's triangle (ah-se-zahz') [Jules Assezat, 
French anthropologist, born 1832]. See under 
triangle. 
assident (as'id-ent). Generally but not always 
accompanying a disease; as, assident symptoms. 
assideration (as"id-er-a'shun) [L. ad to + sid- 
era'tio untoward influence]. The drowning of an 
infant in ice-cold water. 
assimilable (as-im'il-a-bl). Susceptible, of being 
assimilated. 
assimilation (as-im-il-a'shun) [L. assimila'tio, 
from ad to + simila're to make like]. The trans- 
formation of food into living tissue; constructive 
metabolism, mental a., the reception and 
correct appreciation of sensory impressions, 
primary a., chylification. secondary a., the 
preparation of food-elements for normal assimi- 
lation by the hematopoietic apparatus. 
associable (as-o'se-a-bl). Easily affected by sym- 
pathy with other parts. 
association (as-o-se-a'shun) [L. associa'tio, from 
ad to + so'cius a fellow]. The coordination of 
the functions of similar parts. In neurology, cor- 
relation involving a high degree of modificability 
and also consciousness. See association center, 
under center, a. of ideas, the mental operation by 
which a mental impression calls up the memory of 
other impressions that at some former time have 
been associated with the former. 
assonance (as'o-nans). A morbid tendency to 
alliteration in speaking. 
assuetude (as'we-tud). The state of being habit- 
uated to disturbing influences. 
assurin (as'u-rin). A diaminodiphosphatid, C«H94- 
N2P2O9, said to occur in the brain substance. 
Ast. Abbreviation for astigmatism. 
astasia (as-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. a priv. + err cures stand]. 
Motor incoordination with inability to stand, 
a.-abasia, inability either to stand or to walk. 
asteatosis (as"te-ah-to'sis) [Gr. a neg. + err cap 
tallow]. Any diseased condition characterized 
by scantiness or absence of the sebaceous secre- 
tion. a. cu'tis, a dry, scaly, or fissured state of 
the skin, attended with a deficient secretion of 
sebaceous matter. 
aster (as'ter) [L.; Gr. aar-qp star]. The star- 
shaped structure formed around the centrosome in ASTEREOCOGNOSY 
131 
ASTIGMATOMETER 
' mitosis. See mitosis, sperm-a., a star-shaped 
structure in the fertilized ovum at the head of the 
spermatozoon. 
astereocognosy (ah-ste"re-o-kog'no-se). Same as 
astereognosis. 
astereognosis (ah-ste"re-og-no'sis) [Gr. a neg. + 
arepeos solid + recognition]. Loss of 
power to recognize the shape of objects by touch. 
asterion (as-te're-on) [Gr. aarepiou star-like]. The 
point of union of the occipital, parietal, and tem- 
poral bones on the surface of the skull. 
Asterionella (as-te-re-o-nel'ah). A genus of di- 
atoms which sometimes imparts an aromatic odor 
to a water-supply. 
asternal (as-ter'nal). Not joined to the sternum. 
asternia (ah-sterzne-ah) [Gr. a neg. + arepvov ster- 
num]. Absence of the sternum. 
asteroid (as'ter-oid) [Gr. dorijp star + eibos form]. 
Star-shaped; resembling the aster. 
asterol (as'ter-ol). A brownish powder, a com- 
pound of paraphenol sulphonate of mercury and 
ammonium tartrate, (OH.CgH4SO2)Hg.4C4H4O6- 
(NH4)a. It is soluble in water and does not pre- 
cipitate albumin. It is used as an external anti- 
septic in 2-5 per cent, solution. 
Asth. Abbreviation for asthenopia. 
asthenia (as-the'ne-ah, as-then-i'ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
aOevos strength]. Lack or loss of strength, neu- 
rocirculatory a., a symptom-complex charac- 
terized by the occurrence of breathlessness, giddi- 
ness, a sense of fatigue, pain in the chest in the 
region of the precordium, and palpitation. It oc- 
curs chiefly in soldiers in active war service, though 
it is seen in civilians also. Called also soldier's 
heart, irritable heart, efort syndrome, and disordered 
action oj the heart (D. A. H.). periodic a., 
a condition marked by periodically returning 
attacks oi marked asthenia, a. pigmento'sa, 
Addison's disease, a. universa'lis, consti- 
tutional visceroptosis with its attendant neuras- 
thenic tendency, vasomotor weakness, and gastro- 
intestinal atony (Stiller's theory). 
asthenic (as-then'ik) [Gr. a priv. + aOevos strength]. 
Characterized by weakness or feebleness. 
asthenometer (as-then-om'et-er) [Gr. daOeveia 
asthenia + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the degree of muscular asthenia or 
of asthenopia. 
asthenope (as'then-op). A person affected with 
asthenopia. 
asthenopia (as-then-o'pe-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- odevos 
strength + bipcs vision]. Weakness or speedy 
tiring of the visual organs, attended by pain in 
the eyes, headache, dimness of vision, etc. ac- 
commodative a., asthenopia due to strain of the 
ciliary muscle, muscular a., that which is due 
to weakness of the external ocular muscles, ner- 
vous a., asthenopia due to some general, nervous 
disease: also the same as retinal a. retinal a., 
that which is due to retinal disease, tarsal a., 
asthenopia due to irregular astigmatism produced 
by the pressure of the lids on the cornea. 
asthenopic (as-then-op'ik). Characterized by as- 
thenopia. 
asthenoxia (as-then-ok'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- odevos 
strength + oxygen]. Lack of power to oxidize 
waste-products. 
asthma (az'mah, ast'mah) [Gr. dadpa panting]. A 
disease marked by intermittent dyspnea, with 
wheezing, cough, and a sense of constriction, due 
to spasmodic contraction of the bronchi. The 
paroxysms last from a few minutes to several 
days, and they may result from direct irritation of 
the bronchial mucous membrane or from reflex 
irritation, alveolar a., that which is character- 
ized by dilatation of the alveoli of the lungs, 
amygdaline a., reflex asthma caused by a disease 
of the tonsils, bronchial a., asthma marked by 
bronchial spasm and a swelling of the bronchial 
mucous membrane, bronchitic a., catarrhal 
a., asthmatic disorder attendant upon a catarrhal 
bronchitis, cardiac a., dyspnea due to heart 
disease, cat a., asthma brought on by the pres- 
ence of a cat (ailurophobia). Cheyne-Stokes' 
a., cardiac asthma, a. convulsi'vum. Same 
as bronchial a. cutaneous a., reflex asthma 
caused by some irritation of the skin. a. dyspep'- 
ticum, reflex asthma dependent upon a dyspeptic 
disorder, emphysematous a., emphysema of 
the lungs attended with asthmatic paroxysms, 
essential a., nervous a., true a., that due to 
nervous impulses solely, and not accompanied by 
any structural change in the bronchi, gastric a., 
asthma which is a symptom of some gastric dis- 
ease. grinders' a., an interstitial pneumonia 
due to the inhalation of fine particles peculiar 
to grinders of steel, etc. hay-a. Same as hay- 
fever. Heberden's a., angina pectoris, humid 
a., asthma with profuse expectoration. Kopp's 
a., spasm of the glottis; laryngismus stridulus. 
Millar's a., laryngismus stridulus, miners' a., 
anthracosis, nasal a., asthma caused by a dis- 
ease of the nose, potters' a., pneumonoconiosis. 
reflex a., asthma due to some reflex action, renal 
a., reflex asthma due to disease of the kidney, 
sexual a., asthma due to sexual disturbance, 
such as excessive venery or genito-urinary catarrh, 
spasmodic a., asthma caused by spasm of the 
bronchioles, stone a., pressure and pain in the 
chest due to the presence of a calculus in the 
bronchi, thymic a., a disturbance of respiration 
associated with a persistent and enlarged thymus.- 
Wichmann's a., laryngismus stridulus. 
asthmalysin (as-mal'is-in) [asthma + Gr. Xbacs 
dissolution]. A combination of adrenalin and 
pituitary gland used in bronchial asthma. 
asthmatic (az-mat'ik) [L. asthmat'icus]. Pertain- 
ing to, or affected with, asthma. 
asthmogenic (as-mo-jen'ik). Giving rise to asth- 
matic attacks. 
asthmolysin (as-mol'is-in). A proprietary prepa- 
ration of the pituitary and adrenal bodies: used in 
treatment of asthma. 
astigmagraph (as-tig'ma-graf). An instrument for 
showing the astigmatism of the eye. 
astigmatic (as-tig-mat'ik). Pertaining to, or 
affected with, astigmatism. 
astigmatism (as-tig'mat-izm) [Gr. a priv.-|- orlypa 
point]. A defect in which light-rays in different 
meridians are not brought to the same focus by 
the eye (Airy, 1827). acquired a., that due to 
some disease or injury of the eye. a. against 
the rule, that in which the meridian along which 
the . greatest refraction takes place is horizontal, 
compound a., that which is complicated with 
hypermetropia or with myopia in all meridians, 
compound hypermetropic a., that in which 
the eye is hypermetropic in all meridians, con- 
genital a., that which exists at birth, corneal 
a., that due to irregularity in the curvature or re- 
fracting power of the cornea, hypermetropic 
a., hyperopic a., that which complicates hyper- 
metropia. In compound hyperopic astigmatism the 
eye is hyperopic in all meridians, irregular a., 
that in which different portions of a meridian have 
different refracting powers, lenticular a., that 
which is due to some imperfection of the lens, 
mixed a., that in which one principal meridian is 
myopic and the other hypermetropic, myopic a., 
that which complicates myopia. In compound my- 
opic astigmatism the eye is myopic in all meridians, 
regular a., that in which the two principal 
meridians are at right angles to each other, a. 
with the rule, that wherein the meridian in 
which the greatest refraction takes place is vertical 
or nearly so. 
astigmatometer, astigmometer (as"tig-mat- 
om'et-er, as-tig-mom'et-er) [astigmatism + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument used in measur- 
ing astigmatism. ASTIGMATOSCOPE 
132 
A. T. 
astigmatoscope (as-tig-mat'o-skop) [astigmatism 
4- Gr. aKoireiv to see]. An instrument for discov- 
ering and measuring astigmatism. 
astigmatoscopy (as-tig-mat-os'ko-pe). The use 
of the astigmatoscope. 
astigmia (as-tig'me-ah). Same as astigmatism 
astigmic (as-tig'mik). Same as astigmatic. 
astigmometer (as-tig-mom'et-er). Astigmatom- 
etet. 
astigmometry (as-tig-mom'et-re) [astigmatism 4- 
perpov measure]. The measurement of astig- 
matism. the use of the astigmatometer. 
astigmoscope (as-tig'mo-skop). Astigmatoscope. 
astomatous (as-tom'at-us) [Gr. a neg. 4- arbpa 
mouth]. Having no mouth. 
astomia (as-to'me-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4* aropa mouth]. 
Absence of the mouth opening. 
astragalar (as-trag'al-ar). Pertaining to the as- 
tragalus. 
astragalectomy (as"trag-al-ek'to-me) [astragalus 
4- Gr. eKToplj excision]. Excision of the astragalus, 
astragalocalcanean (as-trag"al-o-kal-ka'ne-an). 
Pertaining to the astragalus and the calcaneum. 
astragalocrural (as-trag"al-o-kru'ral). Relating 
to the astragalus and the leg. 
astragaloscaphoid (as-trag"al-o-ska'foid). Per- 
taining to the astragalus and the scaphoid bone. 
astragalotibial (as-trag"al-o-tib'e-al). Pertaining 
to the astragalus and the tibia. 
astragalus (as-trag'al-us) [L.; Gr. aarpayaXos die]. 
1. A bone of the foot which articulates the tibia 
and fibula above with the calcaneum below. 2. 
A genus of leguminous plants of many species. 
A. gum'mifer and other Oriental species afford 
tragacanth: others are poisonous. A. mollis'si- 
mus, of the United States (one of the plants 
called loco), is poisonous, and its active principle 
is mydriatic. 
astral (as'tral). Of or relating to an aster. 
astraphobia, astrapophobia (as-traf-o'be-ah, 
as"trah-po-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aarpaTr/j lightning 4* 
<po^os fear]. Morbid fear of lightning. 
astriction (as-trik'shun) [L. astrin'gere to con- 
strict]. The action of an astringent. 
astringe (as-trinj'). To act as an astringent. 
astringent (as-trin'jent) [L. astrin'gens, from ad 
to 4- strin'gere to bind]. 1. Causing contraction 
and arresting discharges. 2. An agent that ar- 
rests discharges. The principal astringents are 
silver nitrate, tannic acid, gallic acid, lead acetate, 
zinc sulphate, catechu, kino, alum, and dilute min- 
eral acids. 
astroblast (as'tro-blast) [Gr. aarpov star 4- 0Xaa- 
rbs germ]. A cell that develops into an astrocyte. 
astrocele, astrocoele (as'tro-sel) [Gr. aarpov star 
4- KoiXos hollow]. The hollow space within the 
astrosphere in which the centrosome lies. 
astrocinetic (as"tro-sin-et'ik) [Gr. aarpov star 4- 
idvqais movement]. Pertaining to the movements 
of the attraction-sphere in karyokinesis. 
astrocyte (as'tro-sit) [Gr. aarpov star 4- kotos cell], 
1. Any star-shaped cell; especially such a cell 
of the neuroglia: called also spider-cell. 2. A 
bone-corpuscle: so called from its star-like shape. 
astrocytoma (as"tro-si-to'mah). A tumor com- 
posed of astrocytes. 
astroid (as'troid) [Gr. aar^p star 4- Abos form], 
1. Star-shaped. 2. A structure of the neuroglia 
formed by a felted mass of fibers. 
astrokinetic (as"tro-kin-et'ik) [Gr. aarpov star 4- 
Kiveais motion]. Pertaining to the movements 
of the centrosome. 
astrolin (as'tro-lin). Antipyrin methylethyl- 
glycolate, C5H10O3.C11H12ON2, a crystalline com- 
pound used in migraine and headache. Dose, 5-15 
gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
astroma (as-tro'mah). Same as astrocytoma. 
astrophobia (as-tro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aarpov star 4- 
<p6@os fear]. Fear of the stars and celestial space. 
astrosphere (as'tro-sfer) [Gr. aarpov star + a<paipa 
sphere], i. The central mass of an aster: same as 
attraction sphere. 2. The aster, exclusive of the 
centrosome. 
astrostatic (as-tro-stat'ik) [Gr. aarpov star 4- 
'iaraaOai to stand]. Pertaining to the centrosome 
in its resting condition. 
astyclinic (as-te-klin'ik) [Gr. aarv city + kXIvt) 
bed]. A city or municipal hospital, dispensary, 
or clinic; used also adjectively. 
asurol (as'u-rol). A double salt of mercuric salicyl- 
ate and amido-oxybutyrate of sodium: used in 
syphilis. 
asyllabia (ah-sil-a'be-ah). A condition in which 
letters are recognized by the patient, but he is 
unable to form them into syllables. 
asylum (as-i'lum) [L.]. An institution for the sup- 
port and care of the helpless and deprived classes, 
such as the insane and the blind. 
asymbolia (ah-sim-bo'le-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- abp- 
^oXov symbol]. The loss of all power of compre- 
hending symbolic things, such as words, figures, 
gestures, etc. (Wernicke). 
asymmetry (ah-sim'et-re) [Gr. a neg. 4- avpperpla 
symmetry]. Lack or absence of symmetry; dis- 
similarity in corresponding parts or organs on 
opposite sides of the body which are normally 
alike. In chemistry, lack of symmetry in the 
special arrangements of the atoms and radicals 
within the molecule. 
asynchronism (ah-sin'kro-nizm) [Gr. a neg. + 
synchronism]. The occurrence at distinct times 
of events normally synchronous; disturbance of 
coordination. 
asynclitism (ah-sin'klit-izm) [Gr. a neg. 4- synclit- 
ism], Oblique presentation of the head in par- 
turition. anterior a., Naegele's obliquity. See 
obliquity, posterior a., Litzmann's obliquity. 
See obliquity. 
asynergia (ah-sin-er'je-ah). Same as asynergy, a. 
ma'jor, marked inco-ordination as indicated by 
a staggering gait. a. mi'nor, inco-ordination as 
shown in past-pointing and finger tests. 
asynergic (ah-sin-er'jik). Marked by asynergy. 
asynergy (ah-sin'er-je) [Gr. a priv. 4- awepyia co- 
operation]. Lack of coordination among parts 
or organs normally acting in harmony, appen- 
dicular a., asynergy confined to the extremities, 
axial a., asynergy affecting the axial musculature, 
axio-appendicular a., asynergy affecting both 
the trunk and extremities, a. ma'jor, marked 
incoordination as indicated by staggering gait. a. 
mi'nor, mild incoordination as indicated by point- 
ing tests, trunkal a., asynergy affecting the 
muscles of the trunk. 
asynesia (ah-sin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. aavveala]. Dulness 
of intellect; stupidity. 
asynodia (ah-sin-o'de-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- avvobia a 
journeying together]. Sexual impotence. 
asynovia (ah-sin-o've-ah). Deficiency of the syno- 
vial secretion. 
asyntrophy (ah-sin'tro-fe) [Gr. a neg. 4- avv to- 
gether 4- rpotpia growth]. Lack of symmetry in 
development. 
asystematic (ah"sis-tem-at'ik). Not confined to 
any one system of nerve-fibers; diffuse. 
asystole, asystolia (ah-sis'to-le, ah-sis-to'le-ah) 
[Gr. a neg. 4* systole]. Imperfect or incomplete 
systole; inability of the heart to perform a complete 
systole. 
asystolic (ah-sis-tol'ik). Characterized by asys- 
tole. 
asystolizm (ah-sis'to-lizm). See asystole. 
A. T. German abbreviation for old tuberculin (Alt 
Tuberculin). ATACTIC 
133 
ATELOPROSOPIA 
atactic (ah-tak'tik) [Gr. araKros irregular], i. 
Same as ataxic. 2. Lacking coordination; ir- 
regular. 
atactiform (ah-tak'tif-orm). Ataxia-like; slightly 
ataxic. 
atactilia (ah-tak-til'e-ah). Loss of tactile sensi- 
bility. 
atseniol (ah-te'ne-ol). A proprietary tapeworm 
remedy for dogs. 
atavic, atavistic (at'av-ik, at-av-is'tik). Char- 
acterized by atavism. 
atavicosis (at-av-ik-o'sis). A degeneration of the 
intestines due to the eating of highly concentrated 
food, which minimizes the work of the intestines. 
atavism (at'ah-vizm) [L. at'avus grandfather]. 
Inheritance of a characteristic or disease from re- 
mote, but not from the more immediate, ancestors. 
As now used in genetics, atavism is an inheritance 
from one of the grandparents of some particular 
character unlike the corresponding character in 
either parent. Cf. reversion. 
ataxaphasia (ah"tak-sa-fa'ze-ah) [Gr. dra^ia lack 
of order 4- aphasia]. Ability to utter words, but 
not sentences. 
ataxia (ah-tak'se-ah) [Gr. ara^la lack of order]. 
Failure of muscular coordination; irregularity 
of muscular action, acute a., an ataxic con- 
dition due to a general myelitis characterized by 
'minute foci throughout all the nerve-centers from 
the pons downward. It follows measles, small- 
pox, and other infectious diseases, alcoholic a., 
a condition resembling locomotor ataxia, due to 
chronic alcoholism. autonomic a., defective 
coordination between the sympathetic and para- 
sympathetic nervous systems. Briquet's a., a 
hysteric condition with anesthesia of the skin and 
leg muscles. Broca's a. Same as hysteric a. cen- 
tral a., ataxia due to lesion of the centers control- 
ling coordination, cerebellar a., ataxia due to 
disease of the cerebellum, cerebral a., a taxia due 
to disease of the cerebrum, a. cor'dis. Same 
as delirium cordis, family a., Friedreich's a., 
hereditary a., Friedreich's disease: an inherited 
disease, usually beginning in childhood or youth, 
with sclerosis of the dorsal and lateral columns of 
the spinal cord. It is attended by ataxia, speech 
impairment, lateral curvature of the spinal column, 
and peculiar swaying and irregular movements, 
with paresis of the muscles, especially of the lower 
extremities (Friedrich, 1863-76). hereditary 
cerebellar a., a disease of early adult life, due to 
atrophy of the cerebellum, and marked by ataxia, 
increased knee-jerk, speech-defects, and nystag- 
mus. hysteric a., hysteria simulating ataxia, 
intrapsychic a., schizophrenia. Leyden's a., 
pseudotabes. locomotor a., degeneration of the 
dorsal columns of the spinal cord and of the sen- 
sory nerve-trunks, with wasting. The disease 
is marked by paroxysms or crises of intense pain, 
incoordination, disturbances of sensation, loss 
of reflexes, paroxysms of functional disturbance 
of various organs, as the stomach, larynx, etc.; 
also by various trophic disturbances, especially 
of the bones and joints, incontinence or retention 
of urine, failure of sexual power, etc. The course 
of the disease is usually slow but progressive, and, 
although it may often be temporarily arrested, 
complete cure is very rare. The disease occurs 
after middle life, and is more frequent in the male 
sex. It is also known as tabes dorsalis and poste- 
rior spinal sclerosis. Marie's a., hereditary 
cerebellar ataxia, motor a., inability to control 
the coordinate movements of the muscles, spinal 
a., that which is due to disease of the spinal cord, 
static a., lack of muscular coordination during 
states of rest, superior a., that which affects 
principally the face and upper extremities, ther- 
mal a., a condition characterized by great and 
paradoxic fluctuations of the temperature of the 
body, vasomotor a., paresis or spasm of blood- 
vessels, due to some affection of vasomotor nerves 
or centers, vestibular a., incoordination due to 
vestibular disease. 
ataxiadynamia (ah-tax"e-ah-di-na'me-ah). Atax- 
odynamia. 
ataxiagram (ah-taks'e-ah-gram) [ataxia + Gr. 
y pappa writing], A tracing drawn by an ataxic 
patient. 
ataxiagraph (ah-taks'e-ah-graf) [ataxia + Gr. 
ypd<peiv to write]. An apparatus used in ascertain- 
ing the extent of ataxia by measuring the amount 
of swaying of the body when standing erect and 
with the eyes closed. 
ataxiameter (ah-tax-e-am'et-er) [ataxia 4- Gr. 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
ataxia. 
ataxiamnesic (at-ak"se-am-ne'sik). Character- 
ized by both ataxia and amnesia. 
ataxiaphasia (ah-tax"e-ah-fa'ze-ah). Inability to 
form words into sentences. 
ataxic (ah-taks'ik). Affected with, or pertaining to, 
ataxia. 
ataxiophemia (ah-tax"e-o-fe'me-ah). Ataxophe- 
mia. 
ataxiophobia (ah-tax"e o-fo'be-ah). Ataxophobia. 
ataxoadynamia (at-ak"so-ad-in-a'me-ah). Ataxia 
associated with adynamia; ataxia associated with 
marked weakness. 
ataxophemia (ah-taks-o-fe'me-ah) [Gr. dra^ia dis- 
order + <pqpi to speak]. Lack of coordination 
of the speech muscles. 
ataxophobia (ah-taks-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. dra^ia dis- 
order + <pbf3o$ fear]. Morbid or insane dread of 
disorder. 
ataxy (at-ak'se). Same as ataxia. 
atelectasis (at-el-ek'tas-is) [Gr. imperfect 
+ eKTaais expansion]. Imperfect expansion of 
the lungs at birth; partial collapse of the lung. 
atelectatic (at"el-ek-tat'ik). Pertaining to, or 
affected with, atelectasis. 
atelia (ah-te'le-ah) [Gr. dreXeia incompleteness]. 
Imperfect development. 
ateliosis (ah-te-le-o'sis) [Gr. a neg. 4* reXeios 
complete]. A form of infantilism marked by 
childish facial appearance, small jaw bone, small 
stature, short slender limbs, poorly developed 
muscles, a thin voice, low arterial pressure, and 
scanty urination (Gilford). Called also Lorain's 
disease. 
atelocardia (at"el-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. dreXqs im- 
perfect -f- Kapbia heart]. Incomplete development 
of the heart. 
atelocephalous (at"el-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. dreX^s im- 
perfect 4- Ke^aXq head]. Having an incomplete 
head or skull. 
atelocheilia (at"el-o-ki'le-ah) [Gr. dreXifs imper- 
fect 4- xeiXos lip]. Defective development of a 
lip. 
atelocheiria (at"el-o-ki're-ah) [Gr. dreX-qs incom- 
plete 4- x«P hand]. Incomplete development of 
the hand. 
atelo-encephalia (at"el-o-en-se-fa'le-ah) [Gr. 
dreXqs incomplete 4- eyKe<pa.Xov brain]. Imperfect 
development of the brain. 
ateloglossia (at"el-o-glos'e-ah) [Gr. dreX^s im- 
perfect 4- yXwaua tongue]. A congenital defect 
of the tongue. 
atelognathia (at"el-og-na'the-ah) [Gr. dreXifS im- 
perfect 4- yvdOos jaw]. Congenital defect of the 
jaw. 
atelomyelia (at"el-o-mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. dreXqs im- 
perfect 4- pveXbs marrow]. Incomplete develop- 
ment of the spinal cord. 
atelopodia (at"el-o-po'de-ah) [Gr. dreXqs incom- 
plete 4- irons foot]. Congenital defect of the foot. 
ateloprosopia (at"el-o-pros-o'pe-ah) [Gr. dreXifS 
incomplete 4- irpdawirov face]. Defective devel- 
opment of the face. ATELORACHIDIA 
134 
ATMOTHERAPY 
atelorachidia (at"el-or-a-kid'e-ah) [Gr. areXf)S 
incomplete + paxis spine]. Incomplete develop- 
ment of the spinal column. 
atelostomia (at"el-o-sto'me-ah) [Gr. areMfs in- 
complete + arbpa mouth]. Imperfect develop- 
ment of the mouth. 
athelia (ah-the'le-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 0r]Xi] nipple]. 
Absence of the nipples. 
Athenseus (ach-en-e'us). A celebrated physician, 
founder of the school of the "pneumatists." He 
was born in Cilicia in the first century a. d., and 
practised in Rome. He wrote extensively, but 
only fragments of his works remain. 
athermal (ah-ther'mal) [Gr. a neg. + Oepp-q heat]. 
Not warm: said of springs the water of which is 
below 150 C. 
athermancy (ah-ther'man-se). The state of being 
athermanous. 
athermanous (ah-ther'man-us) [Gr. a neg. + 
Oeppij heat]. Absorbing heat-rays and not per- 
mitting them to pass. 
athermic (ah-ther'mik) [Gr. a neg. + deppy heat]. 
Without fever or rise of temperature. 
athermosystaltic (ah-ther"mo-sis-tal'tik) [Gr. a 
neg. + Oeppt] heat + avaraXriKbs drawing to- 
gether]. Not contracting under the action of cold 
or heat: said of striated muscle. 
atheroma (ath-er-o'mah) [Gr. a0T]pT) porridge]. 
1. A sebaceous cyst. 2. A kind of fatty degen- 
eration of the coats of blood-vessels, producing 
yellow patches of induration or of softening. 
atheromasia (ath"er-o-ma'ze-ah) [Gr. aOr)pr) 
gruel]. Atheromatous degeneration. 
atheromatosis (ath"er-o-mat-o'sis). An athero- 
matous condition. 
atheromatous (ath-er-o'mat-us). Affected with, 
or of the nature of, atheroma. 
atheronecrosis (ath"er-o-nek-ro'sis). The necro- 
sis or degeneration accompanying atherosclerosis. 
atherosclerosis (ath"er-o-skle-ro'sis). A senile 
form of arteriosclerosis with atheromatous degen- 
eration of the connective tissue of the vessel-walls. 
atherosis (ath-er-o'sis) [Gr. &0f)pr) porridge]. Ar- 
terial atheroma; arteriosclerosis. 
Atherosperma (ath"e-ro-sper'mah) [Gr. a0r)p spike 
+ atreppa seed]. A genus of monimiaceous trees: 
the bark of A. moscha'tum, sassafras tree of Aus- 
tralasia, is diaphoretic, diuretic, and sedative. 
Dose of the tincture, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of the 
volatile oil, 1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 c.c.). 
athetoid (ath'et-oid) [Gr. aO^ros not fixed]. 1. 
Resembling athetosis. 2. Affected with athetosis. 
athetosic (ath-e-to'sik). Pertaining to athetosis. 
athetosis (ath-et-o'sis) [Gr. adrjros not fixed]. An 
affection marked by continuous movements of 
the fingers and toes, occurring chiefly in children, 
and due principally to a brain lesion (Hammond, 
1873). Called also posthemiplegic chorea, double 
congenital a., infantile spasmodic paraplegia. 
athrepsia (ah-threp'se-ah) [Gr. a neg. + Ope^is 
nutrition]. 1. Insufficient nutrition of infants. 2. 
Ehrlich's term for immunity to tumor inoculation 
due to a supposed lack of the special nutritive 
material necessary for tumor growth. 
athrepsy (ath'rep-se). Same as athrepsia. 
athreptic (ah-threp'tik). Pertaining to or affected 
with athrepsia, due to insufficient nutrition. 
athymia (ah-thim'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. + 0vpbs mind]. 
1. Dementia. 2. Loss of consciousness. 3. Absence 
of the thymus gland. 
athymism, athymismus (ah-thi'mizm, ab-thi- 
mis'mus). Absence of the thymus or the condition 
induced by removal of the thymus. 
athyrea (ah-thi're-ah). Same as athyria. 
athyreosis (ah-thi-re-o'sis). The condition due 
to absence of the thyroid gland or deficiency of the 
thyroid secretion. 
athyria (ah-thi're-ah) [Gr. a priv. + thyroid]. 
Absence of the thyroid gland; also the myxedema 
consequent upon it. 
athyroidation, athyroidism, athyrosis (ah- 
thi-roi-da'shun, ah-thi'roi-dizm, ah-thi-ro'sis). The 
condition of ill health due to loss of the thyroid 
gland or to insufficient secretion of the gland. 
athyroidemia (ah-thi-roi-de'me-ah) [L. athyroid- 
ism + Gr. aqua blood]. Abnormal state of the 
blood due to athyroidism. 
athyrosis (ah-thi-ro'sis). Athyreosis. 
atlantad (at-lan'tad). Toward the atlas. 
atlantal (at-lan'tal). Pertaining to the atlas. 
atlanto-axial (at-lan"to-ak'se-al). Pertaining to 
the altas and the axis. 
atlantodidymus (at-lan"to-did'im-us) [Gr. "ArXas 
Atlas -|- bibvpos twin]. A monster-fetus with two 
heads on one neck. 
atlantomastoid (at-lan"to-mas'toid). Pertaining 
to the atlas and the mastoid process. 
atlanto-odontoid (at-lan"to-o-don'toid). Per- 
taining to the atlas and to the odontoid process of 
the axis. 
atlas (at'las) [Gr.]. The first cervical vertebra. 
atlo-axoid (at-lo-ak'soid). Pertaining to the atlas 
and the axis. 
atlodymus (at-lod'im-us) [atlas + Gr. bibvpos 
twin]. A monster-fetus with one body and two 
heads. 
atloido-occipital (at-loi"do-ok-sip'it-al). Per- 
taining to the atlas and the occiput. 
atmiatrics, atmiatry (at-me-at'riks, at-mi'at-re) 
[Gr. arpbs vapor + tar pda healing art]. Treat- 
ment by medicated vapors (P. Niemeyer). 
atmidalbumin (at-mid-al'bu-min) [Gr. arpbs 
steam + albumin], A protein formed by the action 
of superheated steam upon a protein. 
atmidalbumose (at-mid-al'bu-mos). An albu- 
mose derived from atmidalbumin by dehydration. 
atmocausis (at-mo-kaw'sis) [Gr. arpbs steam + 
Kauais burning]. Treatment by the direct appli- 
cation of superheated steam: used chiefly in non- 
malignant uterine affections. 
atmocautery (at-mo-kaw'ter-e). An instrument 
for performing atmocausis. 
atmograph (at'mo-graf) [Gr. arpbs breath + 
ypatpuv to record]. An instrument for recording 
respiratory movements. 
atmokausis (at-mo-kaw'sis). See atmocausis. 
atmolysis (at-mol'is-is) [Gr. arpbs vapor + \vais 
loosing], i. The separation of mixed gases by pass- 
ing through a porous plate, the more diffusible 
passing through first. 2. The disintegration of 
organic tissue by the fumes of volatile fluids, such 
as benzin, ether, alcohol, etc. 
atmometer (at-mom'et-er) [Gr. arpbs vapor -f- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
exhaled vapors, or the amount of water exhaled 
by evaporation in a given time, in order to ascer- 
tain the humidity of the atmosphere. 
atmos (at'mos) [Gr. arpbs air]. A unit of air-press- 
ure, being a pressure of one degree per square centi- 
meter; called also aer. 
atmosphere (at'mos-fer) [Gr. arpbs air -p aipaipa 
sphere]. 1. The air incircling the earth. See air. 
2. The pressure of the air upon the earth at the 
sea-level, or 15 pounds to the square inch. 
atmospheric (at-mo-sfer'ik). Of or pertaining to 
the atmosphere. 
atmospherization (at-mos-fer-iz-a'shun). The 
transformation of venous blood into arterial 
blood. 
atmotherapy (at-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. arpbs air 4- 
Oepairda treatment]. 1. Treatment by medicated 
vapors. 2. Treatment by methodic reduction of 
respiration. ATOCIA 
135 
ATROPHODERMA 
atdcia (ah-to'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- tokos birth]. 
Sterility in the female. 
atom (at'om) [Gr. aropos indivisible]. Any one of 
the ultimate particles of a molecule or of any 
matter. An atom is the smallest quantity of an 
element that can exist and still retain the chemic 
properties of the element. The atom is now be- 
lieved to consist of a central nucleus, which con- 
stitutes the mass of the atom surrounded by par- 
ticles of negative electricity (electrons), whose 
motion it controls. The various chemical elements 
are characterized by the number and arrangement 
of electrons in the atom, recoil a., rest a., the 
portion of an atom from which an alpha particle 
has been given off. This remaining part recoils 
with a velocity inversely proportional to its mass. 
atomic (at-om'ik). Of or pertaining to an atom. 
a. number, a. volume, a. weight. See under 
the nouns. 
atomicity (at-om-is'it-e). Chemic valency, or 
quantivalence. 
atomization (at"om-iz-a'shun). The act or proc- 
ess of breaking a liquid up into spray. 
atomizer (at'om-i-zer). An instrument for throw- 
ing a jet of spray. 
atonic (at-on'ik) [L. aton'icus; Gr. a neg. 4- tovos 
tone]. Characterized by lack of normal tone, 
choreatic a., the deficient tonicity of muscles 
often seen in chorea. 
atonicity (at-on-is'it-e). Atonic quality. 
atonied (at'o-ned). Lacking in tone; atonic. 
atony (at'on-e) [L. ato'nia, from Gr. a priv. 4- 
tovos tone]. Lack of normal tone or strength. 
atophan (ah-tof'an). Phenylcinchoninic acid or 
phenylchinolin carboxylic acid, CcHs.CgHsN.- 
COOH: used in acute and chronic gout and in 
articular rheumatism. Dose, 75-15 gr. (0.5-1 
gm.), three times a day. 
atopic (ah-top'ik) [Gr. a neg. 4- t6ttos place]. Out 
of place; displaced. 
atopognosia, atopognosis (ah-top-og-no'se-ah, 
-no'sis) [Gr. a neg. 4- tottos place 4- ypwais knowl- 
edge]. Loss of power of correctly locating a sen- 
sation. 
atopomenorrhea (at"op-o-men-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
otottos misplaced 4- pqp month 4- pola flow]. 
Vicarious menstruation. 
atoxic (ah-tok'sik) [Gr. a neg. 4- to^kov poison]. 
Not poisonous; not due to a poison. 
atoxogen (at-ok'so-jen) [Gr. a neg. 4- to^kov poi- 
son 4- yevnav to produce]. A preparation from 
spleen and adrenals of horses: used for defensive 
inoculation. 
atoxyl (ah-tok'sil). A white, odorless powder, 
sodium arsanilate, CgH^NHajAsOsHNa. It con- 
tains 37 per cent, of arsenic. It is used hypoder- 
mically in psoriasis, lichen, and other chronic skin 
diseases in 20 per cent, solution. It is given inter- 
nally and hypodermically in anemia, chlorosis, 
neurasthenia, hysteria, chorea, and tuberculosis. 
It is also recommended in trypanosomiasis, malaria, 
and spirillosis. Hypodermic dose, j gr. (0.02- 
0.04 gm.). 
atoxylate (at-ok'sil-at). A salt of atoxyl. 
atrabiliary (at-rah-bil'e-a-re) [L. at'ra black 4- 
bi'lis bile]. Pertaining to black bile. See capsule, 
atrabiliary. 
atrabilin (at-rah-bi'lin). A preparation of supra- 
renal gland used as a hemostatic in eye diseases. 
atremia (ah-tre'me-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- rpepeiv to 
tremble]. 1. Absence of tremor. 2. Hysteric in- 
ability to walk. 
atreol (at're-ol). A black syrupy liquid, ammonium 
atreolate, resulting from the sulphonation and 
purification of certain petroleum distillates: used 
like ichthyol. 
atrepsy (at'rep-se) [Gr. a neg. 4- Spelts nutrition], 
Ehrlich's term for immunity of one species to 
cancerous growths originating in another, which 
he conceived to be due to absence of the peculiar 
food matter required for that particular tumor. 
atreptic (at-rep'tik). Pertaining to atrepsy. 
atresia (ah-tre'ze-ah) [Gr. a neg. + rpijats a 
boring]. Imperforation; absence or closure of a 
normal opening, a. a'ni, imperforation of the 
anus. a. i'ridis, closure of the pupillary opening. 
atresic (at-re'zik). Characterized by atresia. 
atretic (at-ret'ik). Pertaining to or marked by 
atresia. 
atretogastria (ah-tre-to-gas'tre-ah) [Gr. arp^ros 
imperforate 4- yaarqp stomach]. Imperforation 
of the stomach. 
atreturethria (ah-tre-tu-re'thre-ah) [Gr. arp-qros 
imperforate + ovprflpa urethra]. Imperforation 
of the urethra. 
atria (a'tre-ah). Plural of atrium. 
atrial (a'tre-al). Pertaining to an atrium. 
Atricha (ah'trik-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- Opi^ hair], A 
group of bacteria including those forms which 
show no flagella. 
atrichia (ah-trik'e-ah) [Gr. a neg. 4- Opi^ hair]. 
Absence or lack of hair. 
atrichosis (ah-trik-o'sis). Same as atrichia. 
atrichous (ah-trik'us) [Gr. a neg. + Opi^ hair]. 
Having no flagella; said of bacteria. 
atriotome (at're-o-tom) [atrium + Gr. ropy cut- 
ting]. An instrument by which the connections 
between the auricle and ventricle of the heart 
may be cut without hemorrhage. 
atrioventricular (at"re-o-ven-trik'u-lar). Per- 
taining to an atrium or auricle of the heart and to 
a ventricle. 
atriplicism (ah-trip'lis-izm). Poisoning produced 
by eating a kind of spinach, At'riplex littora'lis. 
atrium (a'tre-um), pl. a'tria [L. "hall"], i. [BN 
A] An auricle of the heart. See auricle. 2. The 
main part of the tympanic chamber, situated below 
the head of the malleus, a. dex'trum, the right 
auricle, a. glot'tidis, atrium laryngis. infec- 
tion-a., the point of entrance of a bacterial dis- 
ease into the system, a. laryn'gis, that part of 
the larynx which lies above the false vocal cords, 
left a., the left auricle, a. of otocyst, the 
saccule connected with the semicircular canals, 
ductus endolymphaticus, and cochlea, a. pul- 
monale, the left auricle, right a., the right 
auricle, a. sinis'trum, the left auricle, a. vagi - 
nae, the vestibule of the vagina, a. of ventricle, 
that part of the lateral ventricle connected with the 
temporal and occipital cornua. 
Atropa (at'ro-pah) [Gr. "ArpoTros "undeviating," 
one of the Fates]. A genus of solanaceous plants., 
See belladonna and mandrake. 
atrophedema (at-rof-ed-e'mah) [atrophy 4- edema]. 
A chronic hereditary disease probably of angio- 
neurotic origin. 
atrophia (ah-tro'fe-ah) [L., from Gr. a neg. 4* 
Tpo<pq nourishment]. Latin for atrophy, a. CU'- 
tis. See atrophoderma, a. inf an'turn, tabes 
mesenterica. a. maculo sa cu'tis (Jadassohn). 
See anetodermia. a. mesenter'ica, tabes mesen- 
terica. a. musculo'rum lipomato'sa, pseu- 
dohypertrophic muscular paralysis. See under 
paralysis, a. pilo'rum pro'pria, atrophy of the 
hair. a. testic'uli, wasting of the testicle, a. 
un'guium, atrophy of the nails. 
atrophic (at-rof'ik). Pertaining to or character- 
ized by atrophy. 
atrophied (at'ro-fed). Marked by atrophy; 
shrunken. 
atrophoderma (ah-trof'o-der-mah) [Gr. arpo<pos 
unfed Seppa skin]. Atrophy of the skin or a 
part of it. a. al'bidum. Same as pityriasis 
alba atrophicans, a. neurit'icum, glossy skin. 
See under skin. a. pigmento'sum, xeroderma 
pigmentosum. ATROPHODERMATOSIS 
136 
ATTENUANT 
atrophodermatosis (at-rof-o-der-mat-o'sis). Any 
skin disease having cutaneous atrophy as a prom- 
inent symptom. 
atrophy (at'ro-fe) [L. atro'phia; Gr. arpo^la]. A 
wasting or diminution in the size of a part; de- 
fect or failure of nutrition, acute yellow a., 
atrophy and yellow discoloration of the liver with 
jaundice. The disease is attended by delirium, 
coma, and convulsions, and is usually fatal, adi- 
pose a., emaciation due to lack of adipose tissue, 
arthritic a., wasting of the muscles that surround 
a joint, due to injury or to constitutional disease, 
brown, a., atrophy in which the affected viscus 
assumes a brownish hue. It is seen chiefly in 
the heart, liver, and spleen. Buchwald's a., 
progressive atrophy of the skin, compression a., 
atrophy of a part due to constant pressure, con- 
centric a., atrophy of a hollow organ in which 
its cavity is contracted, correlated a., the 
wasting of a part following the destruction or re- 
moval of a correlated part. Cruveilhier's a., 
progressive muscular atrophy, degenerative 
a., the wasting of a part due to degeneration of its 
cells. Dejerine-Sotta'stypeof a.,hypertrophic 
interstitial neuritis of infancy. denervated 
muscle a., muscular atrophy resulting from sever- 
ance of the motor nerve supplying the muscle, 
dental a., erosion of the teeth, a. of disuse, 
wasting caused by lack of normal exercise, eccen- 
tric a., atrophy of a hollow organ in which the 
size of the cavity is increased. Erb's a., progres- 
sive muscular dystrophy. See dystrophy, facial 
a. See progressive facial a. fatty a., fatty infil- 
tration following atrophy of the tissue elements 
of a part, granular a. of kidney, chronic 
interstitial inflammation of the kidney produc- 
ing compression and atrophy of the parenchy- 
ma. gray a., a degeneration of the optic disk in 
which it becomes gray, hemifacial a., atrophy 
of one side of the face, hemilingual a., atrophy 
of one side of the tongue. Hoffmann's a., a 
variety of progressive muscular atrophy affect- 
ing the legs below the knees, and the forearms 
and hand. Hunt's a., neuropathic atrophy of 
the small muscles of the hand unattended by sen- 
sory disturbance, idiopathic muscular a., a 
chronic disease marked by progressive wasting, af- 
fecting groups of muscles, and due to changes in the 
muscles themselves, infantile a., tabes mesen- 
terica. inflammatory a., atrophy of the 
functionation part of an organ caused by hyper- 
trophy of the fibrous elements from inflamma- 
tion. interstitial a., absorption of the mineral 
matter of bones, so that only the reticulated por- 
tion remains, juvenile muscular a., pseudo- 
hypertrophic muscular paralysis. See under 
paralysis. Landouzy-Dejerine a., atrophy 
of the muscles of the face and scapulohumeral 
region. linear a., atrophy of the papillary 
layer of the skin, causing the appearance 
of blue and white lines, muscular a., a wast- 
ing of muscular tissue: of this condition there 
are many kinds and causes, myopathic a., 
muscular atrophy due to disease of the muscle 
tissue, neural a. Same as neuropathic a. 
neuritic muscular a., a degeneration of 
the nerve-trunks, often involving the spinal 
cord and causing a wasting of the muscles, be- 
ginning with the feet. It is hereditary, usually 
begins in early life, and is never cured, neuro- 
pathic a., atrophy of muscular tissue due to 
disease of the nervous system, neurotic a., 
atrophy due to disease of the nervous system, 
numeric a., atrophy due to diminution in 
the number of the constituent elements, as well 
as shrinkage of those which remain. Parrot's 
a. of the newborn, primary infantile atrophy, 
or marasmus, pigmentary a., wasting marked 
by the deposit of pigment in the atrophied cells, 
pressure a., decrease in the size of a tissue cell 
caused by excessive pressure, progressive 
muscular a., a chronic disease marked by 
progressive wasting of the muscles with paral- 
ysis, due to degeneration of the ventral gray 
horns of the spinal cord, followed by degeneration 
of anterior nerve-roots and muscles. It is called 
also poliomyelitis anterior and wasting palsy. 
progressive unilateral facial a., an affection 
attended by progressive wasting of the skin, tis- 
sues, and bone, often of the muscles of one side of 
the face, red a., atrophy, mainly of the liver, 
due to chronic congestion from valvular heart 
disease, reversionary a. See anaplasia, rheu- 
matic a., atrophy of muscles after an attack of 
rheumatism, senile a., the normal atrophy of 
old age. serous a., atrophy with the effusion of a 
serous fluid into the wasted tissues, simple a., 
atrophy due to a shrinkage in size of individual 
cells, spinoneural a., atrophic muscular par- 
alysis resulting from some ■ lesion of the lower 
portion of the motor tract of the cord. Called 
also degenerative atrophy or paralysis, tropho- 
neurotic a., atrophy due to disease of the nerves 
or of a center supplying a part, unilateral 
facial a., progressive wasting of the tissues of 
one side of the face. Vulpian's a., scapulo- 
humeral type of progressive spinal muscular atro- 
phy. white a., atrophy of a nerve, leaving only 
white connective tissue. 
atropia (at-ro'pe-ah). Atropin. 
atropin, atropine (at'ro-pin). A poisonous, crys- 
talline alkaloid, tropyl tropein, C17H23NO3, from 
belladonna, soluble in alcohol and sparingly so in 
water. It is mydriatic and narcotic, acting by 
stimulating the sympathetic and depressing the 
cerebrospinal nerves. It increases the frequency of 
the heart's action and the strength of respiration, 
checks the action of the secreting glands (salivary, 
sweat, mammary, etc.), and produces paralysis of 
accommodation and dilatation of the pupil. It is 
used as a mydriatic in testing refraction, to lessen 
the vascularity of the iris in iritis, etc., also in cere- 
bral and spinal hyperemia, cardiac failure, excessive 
sweating, atonic constipation, and in spasm, such 
{is asthma, colic, whooping-cough, etc. Dose, 
g*5 gr. (0.0006-0.001 gm.), a. hydriodate, 
C17H23NO3HIO3: a salt used in eye cases in 0.5-1.5 
per cent, solution, a. methylbromid, a white, 
crystalline compound, soluble in water: used as 
a mydriatic and antihydrotic. Dose, 4^-£ gr. 
(0.006-0.012 gm.); as a mydriatic, in 1 per cent, 
solution, a. salicylate, a deliquescent powder: 
dose same as the sulphate, a. santonate, a 
salt of atropin and santonic acid: highly com- 
mended. a. stearate, contains 50.4 per cent, of 
atropin: it is used in ointments and suppositories, 
a. sulphate, a crystalline or amorphous powder, 
(G^HosNC^.HjSCh, soluble in water. It has the 
same properties as atropin. Dose, gr. 
(0.0005-0.0011 gm.). 
atropina (at-ro-pi'na). Same as atropin. 
atropine (at'ro-pin). See atropin. 
atropinism, atropism (at-ro'pin-izm, at'ro-pizm). 
Poisoning due to the misuse of atropin or of bella- 
donna. 
atropinization (at-ro"pin-iz-a'shun). 1. Subjec- 
tion to the influence of atropin. 2. Atropinism. 
atroscin (at'ros-in). An alkaloid, Ci7H21NO4, from 
Scopo'lia atropoi'des, isomeric with hyoscin, but 
far more active as a mydriatic. 
A. T. S. Abbreviation for antitetanic serum. 
attachment (at-tatsh'ment). In dentistry, any- 
thing, such as a clasp, cap, etc., used to attach a 
partial denture to a natural tooth in the mouth. 
Attains (at'al-us). A Greek physician of the second 
century a. d. He was a pupil of Soranus. 
attar (at'ar) [Persian "essence"]. Any essential 
or volatile oil of vegetable origin, a. of roses, 
a volatile oil derived from rose-petals. 
attendant (at-en'dant) [L. atten'dere to wait 
upon], A non-professional person attached to a 
hospital or asylum. 
attenuant (at-en'u-ant). 1. Causing thinness, as 
of the blood. 2. A medicine that thins the blood. ATTENUATE 
137 
AURAMIN 
attenuate (at-en'u-at) [L. attenua're to thin]. 
To render thin; to render less virulent. 
attenuation (at-en-u-a'shun) [L. attenua'tio, from 
ad to + ten'uis thin]. 1. The act or process of 
thinning or weakening, especially the weakening 
the toxicity of a virus or of a microorganism by 
repeated inoculation, successive culture, etc. 2. A 
medicine or virus that has been attenuated. 
attic (at'ik) [L. at'ticus], The part of the tym- 
panum that is situated above the atrium. 
atticitis (at-ik-i'tis). Inflammation of the attic of 
the tympanum. 
attico-antrotomy (at"ik-o-an-trot'o-me). The 
operation of opening the attic and mastoid antrum. 
atticomastoid (at"ik-o-mas'toid). Pertaining to 
the attic and the mastoid. 
atticotomy (at-ik-ot'om-e) [attic + Gr. repvecv 
to cut]. The surgical opening of the attic of the 
labyrinth. 
attitude (at'e-tud) [L. attitu'do posture]. A 
posture or position of the body. a. of combat 
[Fr. attitude de combat], the attitude of the corpse 
of one burned to death in a conflagration, cruci- 
fixion a., rigidity of the body, with the arms ex- 
tended at right angles: seen in hystero-epilepsy. 
forced a., an abnormal position or attitude due 
to some disease, such as is seen in meningitis or 
as the result of contractures, frozen a., a pecu- 
liar stiffness of the gait, especially seen in amyo- 
trophic lateral sclerosis. illogical a's, the 
strange and grotesque attitudes assumed by those 
suffering from hystero-epilepsy. passionate 
a., the dramatic or theatric expression or gesture 
often assumed by hysteric patients, stereotyped 
a., an attitude assumed and maintained for a long 
time, a phenomenon often seen in mental disease. 
attollens (at-ol'enz) [L. "lifting up"]. Raising; 
lifting up. a. au'rem, a. au'ris. See muscles, 
table of. 
attraction (at-rak'shun) [L. attract tio], The 
force, act, or process that draws one body toward 
another, a. of affinity, chemic a., the ten- 
dency of atoms of one element to unite with 
those of another, capillary a., the force which 
attracts the particles of a fluid into and along the 
caliber of a capillary tube, electric a., the ten- 
dency of bodies charged with opposite electricities 
to move toward each other, magnetic a., the 
influence of a magnet upon iron and certain other 
elements, a. particle, a small particle seen in 
the center of an attraction sphere, a. sphere, 
the central mass of the aster in karyokinesis, from 
which the rays proceed; also the clear area sur- 
rounding the centrosome. 
attrahens (at'rah-henz) [L. for "drawing toward"], 
a. au'rem. See muscles, table of. 
attraxin (at-rak'sin). Fischer's name for supposed 
specific bodies existing in solutions which, when 
the solution is injected into the tissues, exert a 
chemotactic influence on the epithelial cells. 
attrition (at-rish'un) [L. attri'tio a rubbing against]. 
A rubbing or friction. In dentistry, the wearing 
away of the substance of a tooth. 
At. wt. Abbreviation for atomic weight. 
atypic (ah-tip'ik) [Gr. a priv. + rbwos type]. 
Irregular; not conformable to the type. 
A. U. Abbreviation for Angstrom unit. 
Au. The symbol for gold (L. au'rum). 
auantic (aw-an'tik) [Gr. abavriKos wasted]. Char- 
acterized by wasting; atrophic. 
Auchmeromy'ia lute'ola. A fly of Congo and 
Nigeria having a blood-sucking larva known as the 
Congo floor maggot. 
AuC13. Auric chlorid. 
audiclave (aw'dik-lav). An instrument for aiding 
hearing. 
audile (aw'del). Pertaining to hearing; a term ap- 
plied to that type of mentality which recalls most 
easily that which has been heard. Cf. motile and! 
visile. 
audiometer (aw-de-om'et-er) [L. audi're to hear + 
Gr. perpov measure]. A device to test the power 
of hearing. 
audiometry (aw-de-om'et-re). The testing of the 
sense of hearing. 
audiphone (aw'dif-6n) [L. audi're to hear + Gr. 
(powi) voice]. A device for aiding the deaf to 
hear. 
audition (aw-dish'un) [L. audi'tio]. The act of 
hearing; ability to hear, chromatic a., a. 
coloree, a sensation of color produced by sound; 
a variety of chromesthesia. gustatory a., a 
condition in which certain sounds call up a sensa- 
tion of taste. 
auditognosis (aw-de-tog-no'sis) [L. audit'io hearing 
+ Gr. yudiais knowledge]. The sense by which 
sounds are understood and interpreted. 
auditory (aw'dit-o-re) [L. audito'rius]. Pertain- 
ing to the sense of hearing. 
Auenbrugger's sign (ow-en-broog'erz) [Leopold 
Joseph Auenbrugger, Austrian physician, 1722- 
1809, the inventor of percussion as a diagnostic 
procedure]. See under sign. 
Auer's bodies (aw'erz) [John Auer, American physi- 
cian, born 1875]. See under body. 
Auerbach's ganglion, plexus, etc. (ow'er-bahks) 
[Leopold Auerbach, German anatomist, 1828-1897]. 
See ganglion, plexus, etc. 
Aufrecht's sign (owf'reshts) [Emanuel Aufrecht, 
German physician, born 1844]. See under sign. 
augenwohl (awg'en-vol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion for eye diseases. 
augmentor (awg-men'tor). 1. Increasing: applied 
to nerves or nerve-cells concerned in increasing the 
size and force of heart contractions. 2. A substance 
supposed to increase the action of an auxetic. 
augnathus (awg-na'thus) [Gr. av besides + yvados 
jaw]. A fetus with a double lower jaw. 
Aujeszky's disease (aw-jes'kez) [Aladar Aujeszky, 
contemporary Hungarian physician]. See under 
disease. 
aula (aw'lah) [L.; Gr. avX-r) hall]. The anterior 
part of the third ventricle of the cerebrum. 
aulatela (aw-lat-e'lah) [L. au'la hall + te'la web]. 
The membranous covering of the aula. 
aulic (aw'lik) [L. au'licus]. Pertaining to the aula, 
auliplex, auliplexus (aw'lip-leks, aw-Iip-leks'us> 
[aula + plexus], A part of the choroid plexus 
within the aula. 
aulix (aw'liks) [L. "furrow "]. The fissure of 
Monro. 
aura (aw'rah) [L. for " breath "]. A peculiar 
sensation or phenomenon that precedes an epi- 
leptic attack (Galen), a. asthmat'ica, premoni- 
tory attacks of oppression of the chest, flatulence, 
etc., preceding an attack of bronchial asthma, 
auditory a., an auditory sensation which some- 
times precedes an attack of epilepsy, electric a., 
a breezy sensation experienced on the receipt of a 
discharge of static electricity, epigastric a., 
a painful sensation in the epigastrium which 
sometimes precedes an epileptic attack, epi- 
leptic a., a peculiar sensation which some- 
times gives warning of an approaching attack 
of epilepsy, a. hyster'ica, an aura like that 
preceding an epileptic attack sometimes experi- 
enced by hysteric patients, intellectual a., a 
dreamy condition that sometimes precedes an 
attack of epilepsy, reminiscent a. Same as 
intellectual a. a. vertigino'sa, a sudden attack 
of vertigo occurring in certain neuroses. 
aural (aw'ral) [L. aura'lis], 1. Pertaining to the 
ear. 2. Pertaining to or of the nature of an aura. 
auramin (aw-ram'in). Yellow pyoktanin. See 
pyoktanin. AURANTIA 
138 
AUTO-ANTIBODY 
aurantia (aw-ran'she-ah). An orange coal-tar stain, 
aurantiasis (aw-ran-ti'as-is) [L. auran'Hum orange]. 
A golden yellow discoloration, as of the skin (a. 
cu'lis), caused by eating large quantities of oranges, 
aurantium (aw-ran'she-um) [L. for " orange 
gen. auran'tii]. See orange, a. ama'rum cor- 
tex, the peel or rind of the bitter (unripe) orange, 
a. dul'ce cor tex, the rind of the sweet (ripe) 
orange. 
aureol (aw're-ol) [L. au'rum gold -f- o'leum oil], 
A hair-dye containing menthol (1 per cent.); 
mono-amidodiphenylamin (0.6 per cent.); ami- 
dophenol chlorhydrate (0.3 per cent.); sodium 
sulphite (0.5 per cent.); dissolved in 50 per cent, 
alcohol. 
auric (aw'rik). Pertaining to or containing gold. 
auricle (aw'rik-1) [L. auric'ula]. 1. The pinna 
or flap of the ear; the portion of the external 
ear not contained within the head. 2. The cham- 
ber at the apex of the heart on cither side above the 
ventricle. 3. The auricular appendix, cervical 
a., a flap of skin and yellow cartilage sometimes 
seen on the side of the neck at the external opening 
of a persistent branchial cleft. 
auricula (aw-rik'u-lah). 1. [BN A] The auricle of 
the ear. 2. [B N A] The auricular appendix. 
auricular (aw-rik'u-lar) [L. auricula'ris]. Per- 
taining to an auricle, or to the ear. 
auriculare (aw-rik-u-la're) [L. auricula'ris per- 
taining to the ear]. A craniometric point at 
the top of the opening of the external auditory 
meatus. 
auricularis magnus (aw"rik-u-la'ris mag'nus). 
See nerves, table of. 
auriculocranial (aw-rik"u-lo-kra'ne-al). Per- 
taining to the auricle and the cranium. 
auriculotemporal (aw-rik"u-lo-tem'po-ral). Per- 
taining to an auricle and the temporal region. 
auriculoventricular (aw-rik"u-lo-ven-trik'u-lar). 
Pertaining to an auricle and a ventricle. 
auriginous (aw-rij'in-us) [L. aurigin'eus, aurigi- 
no'sus]. Jaundiced; icteric. 
aurilave (aw'ril-av) [L. au'ris ear + lava're to wash]. 
An apparatus for washing out or cleaning the ear. 
aurin (aw'rin). Same as peonin. 
aurinarium (aw-rin-a're-um). A medicated sup- 
pository for insertion into the external auditory 
meatus. 
aurinasal (aw-rin-a'sal). Pertaining to the ear 
and the nose. 
auriphone (aw'rif-on) [L. au'ris ear + Gr. <pbvq 
voice]. A form of ear trumpet in which the sound 
conveyed is amplified. 
auripuncture (aw'rip-unkt-ur) [L. au'ris ear + 
punctu'ra puncture]. Surgical puncture of the 
membrana tympani. 
auris (aw'ris). Latin for ear. 
auriscalpium (aw-ris-kal'pe-um) [L. au'ris ear 
+ seal'pere to scrape]. An instrument for scoop- 
ing or scraping foreign matter from the ear. 
auriscope (aw'ris-kop) [L. au'ris ear -|- Gr. oKoireiv 
to see]. A form of otoscope. 
aurist (aw'rist). A specialist in ear diseases. 
aurochin (aw'ro-kin). Quinin paramidobenzoate. 
aurococcus (aw-ro-kok'us). The Staphylococcus 
pyogenes aureus. 
aurometer (aw-rom'et-er) [L. au'ris ear 4- Gr. 
perpoo measure]. An apparatus for measuring the 
sense of hearing of each ear by means of an arrange- 
ment for suspending a watch opposite the external 
canal on a bar fitted so that watch may be slid 
toward and away from the ear. 
aurosol (aw'ro-sol). Colloidal gold. 
aurum (aw'rum) [L. for "gold"]. See gold. a. 
vegeta'bile [L. for " vegetable gold "]. See 
acid, pipitzahoic. 
auscult, auscultate (aws-kult', aws-kul'tat) [L. 
ausculta're to listen to]. To perform or prac- 
tise auscultation; to examine by listening. 
auscultation (aws-kul-ta'shun). The act of lis- 
tening for sounds within the body, chiefly for 
ascertaining the condition of the lungs, heart, 
pleura, and other organs, and for the detection 
of pregnancy, immediate a., auscultation per- 
formed without the stethoscope. Koranyi's a., 
auscultatory percussion done by tapping with one 
forefinger the second joint of the other forefinger 
applied perpendicularly to the part, mediate a. 
(Laennec, 1819), auscultation performed by the aid 
of an instrument (stethoscope) interposed between 
the ear and the body, obstetric a., auscultation 
in pregnancy for the study of the sounds of the 
fetal heart, etc. parallel a., simultaneous aus- 
cultation of corresponding spots on each side of 
the chest, rod a., auscultatory percussion per- 
formed by rubbing the fingers up and down a 
grooved wooden stick applied perpendicularly to 
the surface, stroke a., auscultatory percussion 
performed by stroking of the surface with the 
finger-tips, transmanual a., auscultation 
through the hand laid over the part. 
auscultatory (aws-kul'ta-to-re). Of or pertaining 
to auscultation. 
auscultoplectrum (aws-kul-to-plek'trum). An 
instrument for use both in auscultation and percus- 
sion. 
auscultoscope (aws-kul'to-skop). Same as pho- 
nendoscope. 
Auspitz's dermatosis (ow'spitzes) [Heinrich Au- 
spitz, German physician, 1835-1886]. Granuloma 
fungoides. 
autacoid (au'tak-oid) [Gr. avros self + &kos rem- 
edy]. "A specific organic substance formed by the 
cells of one organ and passed from them into the 
circulatory fluid to produce effects upon other 
organs similar to those produced by drugs" 
(Schafer), chalonic a., excitatory a., a 
hormone, hormonic a., inhibitory a., re- 
straining a., a colyone. 
autan, autane (aw-tan')- A mixture of polymer- 
ized formaldehyd and metallic peroxid. When 
water is added to the powder a gas consisting of 
formalin and aqueous vapor is given off. It is 
used as a disinfectant. 
autechoscope (aw-tek'o-skop) [Gr. a bros self -|- 
foos sound + ccKoireiv to inspect]. An instrument 
for auscultating one's own body. 
autecic (aw-te'sik). See autoecic. 
autecology (awt-e-kol'o-je) [Gr. avros self + ecol- 
ogy]. The ecology of an organism as an individual. 
Cf. synecology. 
autemesia (awt-em-e'se-ah) [Gr. avros self + ep-q(ns 
vomiting]. Functional or idiopathic vomiting. 
autism (aw'tizm) [Gr. avros self]. A mental condi- 
tion marked by a tendency to turn away from the 
outside world and to become self-centered. 
autistic (aw-tis'tik). Self-centered; sufficient unto 
itself, a. thinking, thinking which gratifies 
some desire and does not submit to criticism from 
other persons, nor from other tendencies of the 
individual, does not square itself with the real 
world. Day dreaming is an example. 
auto- [Gr. avros self]. A prefix signifying self. 
auto-activation (aw"to-ak-tiv-a'shun). The ac- 
tivation of a gland by its own secretion. 
auto-agglutination (aw"to-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). 
Agglutination of the blood-corpuscles of an indi- 
vidual by his own serum. 
auto-analysis (aw-to-an-al'is-is). The analysis 
and interpretation, on the part of a nervous pa- 
tient, of the state of mind underlying his disorder: 
employed as a means of treatment. 
auto-antibody (aw-to-an'te-bod-e). An antibody 
which acts on products of the individual in which it 
is developed. AUTO-ANTICOMPLEMENT 
139 
AUTOHYDROLYSIS 
auto-anticomplement (aw"to-an-te-kom'ple- 
ment). An anticomplement formed in the body 
against its own complements. 
auto-antitoxin (aw-to-an-te-toks'in) [Gr. avrbs 
self 4- antitoxin]. Antitoxin produced by the 
organs of the body and serving to protect the body 
from disease. 
auto-audible (aw-to-aw'dib-1). Audible to one's 
self: said of heart-sounds. 
autoblast (aw'to-blast). An independent, solitary 
bioblast; a microorganism. 
autocatalysis (aw-to-kat-al'is-is). A catalytic re- 
action which gradually accelerates in velocity, 
probably because some of the products of the reac- 
tion themselves act as catalytic agents (Ostwald). 
autocatalytic (aw-to-kat-al-it'ik). Pertaining to 
or producing autocatalysis. 
autocatheterism (aw-to-kath'et-er-izm) [Gr. 
avros self 4- catheterism], The passage of the 
catheter by the patient himself. 
autocholecystectomy (aw"to-ko-le-sis-tek'to-me) 
[Gr. avros self 4- cholecystectomy]. Invagination of 
the gall-bladder into the intestine, with final 
segregation and expulsion of the organ. 
autochthonous (aw-tok'thon-us) [Gr. avros self 4- 
xOuv land]. Found in the place of formation; 
not removed to a new site. 
autocinesis (aw"to-sin-e'sis) [Gr. avros self 4- 
KLPT]ffLs motion]. Voluntary motion. 
autoclasis (aw-tok'la-sis) [Gr. avrbs self 4- kXcuhs 
breaking]. Destruction of a part by influences 
developed within itself. 
autoclave (aw'to-klav) [Gr. avros self + L. cla'vis 
key]. An apparatus for effecting sterilization by 
steam under pressure. It is fitted with a gage 
which regulates automatically the pressure, and 
therefore the degree of heat to which the germs 
are subjected. 
autoconduction (aw-to-kon-duk'shun). A method 
of applying high-frequency currents by placing 
the patient or the part to be acted upon within 
the solenoid, and without direct connection with 
the circuit. 
autocystoplasty (aw-to-sis'to-plas-te). A plastic 
operation on the bladder with grafts from the 
patient's body. 
autocytolysin (aw"to-si-tol'is-in). Same as auto- 
lysin. 
autocytolysis (aw"to-si-tol'is-is). Same as autol- 
ysis. 
autocy to lytic (aw"to-si-to-lit'ik). Same as auto- 
lytic. 
autocytotoxin (aw-to-si'to-toks-in). A cytotoxin 
formed in the body by absorption of the products 
of degenerated cells. 
autodermic (aw-to-der'mik) [Gr. avrbs self 4- 
beppa skin]. Made of the patient's own skin: a 
term applied to skin-grafts. See dermato-auto- 
plasty. 
autodestruction (aw"to-des-truk'shun). Self- 
destruction; specifically the self-destruction that 
certain enzymes undergo in solution. 
autodiagnosis (aw"to-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis of 
one's own disease. 
autodiagnostic (aw"to-di-ag-nos'tik). Pertaining 
to or causing autodiagnosis. 
autodidact (aw"to-did-akt') [Gr. avrbs self 4- 
bibaurbs taught]. One who is self-taught in his 
profession. 
autodigestion (aw"to-di-jes'chun). See autolysis. 
autodrainage (aw-to-dran'aj). Drainage of a 
cavity by diverting the fluid into a new channel 
made in the patient's own tissues. 
autodyne (aw'to-din). A white, crystalline com- 
pound, C6H5OCH2CHOH.CH2OH, used in painful 
conditions. 
auto-echolalia (aw"to-ek-o-la'le-ah) [Gr. avrbs 
self + echolalia]. Repetition of the words of one's 
own statements. 
autoecic (aw-te'sik) [Gr. avros self + olkos house]. 
Always living upon the same organism. 
auto-epilation (aw"to-ep-il-a'shun) [Gr. avros self 
+ epilation]. Spontaneous falling out of hair. 
auto-eroticism, auto-erotism (aw"to-e-rot'is- 
izm, aw'To-e-rot'izm). Self-gratification; perver- 
ted sexual instinct gratified without another person. 
auto-erythrophagocytosis (aw"to-er"ith-ro- 
fag-o-si-to'sis) [Gr. avros self + epadpos red + 
phagocytosis], Phagocytosis of red blood-cells by 
other red blood-cells. 
autofundoscope (aw-to-fun'do-skop). An instru- 
ment which makes use of the fact that by observ- 
ing an illuminated blank space through a pin- 
perforated card one can see faint images of the 
retinal vessels of his own eyes. 
autogamous (aw-tog'am-us). Characterized by 
self-fertilization. 
autogamy (aw-tog'am-e) [Gr. avrbs self 4- yapos 
marriage]. Self-fertilization; fertilization within a 
cell itself by union of two chromatin masses derived 
from the same primary nucleus. Called also auto- 
myxis and syngamic nuclear union. Cf. endogamy 
and exogamy. 
autogenesis (aw-to-jen'es-is) [Gr. avros self 4* 
Vepeais production]. Origination within the 
organism. 
autogenetic, autogenous (aw"to-je-net'ik, aw- 
toj'en-us) [auto- + genesis], i. Spontaneous gen- 
eration. 2. Self-generated; originated within the 
body. As applied to bacterial vaccines, the term 
denotes those vaccines which are made from the 
patient's own bacteria, as opposed to stock vac- 
cines which are made from standard cultures. 
autognosis (aw-tog-no'sis) [Gr. avros self 4- 
yvaxns knowledge]. Self-diagnosis; a form of 
psycho-analysis consisting of giving the patient 
self-knowledge by revealing to him through his 
own confessions the course of mental change lead- 
ing to his symptoms. 
autognostic (aw-tog-nos'tik). Characterized by 
self-diagnosis; a term applied to the psycho- 
analytic method. 
autograft (aw'to-graft). A graft taken from one 
part of the patient's body and transplanted in an- 
other part. 
autografting (aw-to-graf'ting). Autotransplanta- 
tion. 
autogram (aw'to-gram) [Gr. avros self + y pappa 
mark]. A mark forming on the skin following 
pressure by a blunt instrument. 
autographism (aw-tog'raf-izm) [Gr. avrbs self + 
ypa<peiv to write]. A hysteric state in which 
marks of words written upon the skin leave more 
or less persistent traces. 
autohemagglutination (aw"to-hem-ag-glu-tin- 
a'shun). See under hemagglutinin. 
autohemic (aw-to-he'mik) [Gr. avros own + atpa 
blood]. Done with the patient's own blood, as 
a. therapy. 
autohemolysin (aw"to-he-mol'is-in). A hemol- 
ysin which acts against the corpuscles of the in- 
dividual from which it arises. 
autohemolytic (aw"to-hem-o-lit'ik). Pertaining 
to autohemolysis. 
autohemopsonin (aw"to-hem-op'so-nin). An op- 
sonin which renders the red cells susceptible of 
destruction by the other cells of the patient's body. 
autohemotherapy (aw"to-hem-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 
avrbs self 4- al pa blood 4- Oepaireia treatment] 
Treatment by administering the patient's own 
blood. 
autohydrolysis (aw"to-hi-drol'is-is). Spontaneous 
hydrolysis, such as proteins undergo in neutral 
solutions. AUTOHYPNOSIS 
140 
AUTOPLASMOTHERAPY 
autohypnosis (aw"to-hip-no'sis). Self-induced 
hypnotism. 
autohypnotic (aw"to-hip-not'ik). i. Pertaining to 
self-induced hypnotism. 2. One who can put 
himself into a hypnotic state. 
auto-immunization (aw"to-im-u-ni-za'shun). 
Immunization effected by natural processes within 
the body. 
auto-infection (aw"to-in-fek'shun) [Gr. avros 
self 4- infection]. Infection by a virus generated 
within the organism. 
auto-infusion (aw"to-in-fu'zhun) [Gr. avros self 
4- infusion]. The forcing of the blood toward 
the heart by bandaging the extremities, compres- 
sion of the abdominal aorta, etc. 
auto-inoculable (aw"to-in-ok'u-la-bl) [auto- 4- 
inoculable]. Susceptible of being inoculated upon 
a person already affected. 
auto-inoculation (aw"to-in-ok'u-la-shun) [Gr. 
avros self 4- inoculation]. Inoculation with a 
virus from one's own body. 
auto-intoxicant (aw"to-in-toks'ik-ant). A poison 
generated within the system. 
auto-intoxication (aw"to-in-toks-ik-a'shun) [Gr. 
avros self 4" intoxication]. Poisoning by some 
uneliminated toxin generated within the body, 
dyscratic a., an abnormal condition of the body 
fluids from nutritional disturbance, intestinal 
a., a disordered state due to the accumulation of 
intestinal poisons in the blood; called also alimen- 
tary toxemia. 
autoisolysin (aw-to-i-sol'is-in). A lysin which 
destroys the corpuscles of the subject from which 
it was obtained as well as those of other animals 
of the same species. 
autokinesis (aw"to-kin-e'sis) [Gr. avros self 4- 
k'lp^ols motion]. Voluntary motion. 
autokinetic (aw"to-kin-et'ik). Having the power 
of voluntary motion. 
autolaryngoscopy (aw"to-lar-in-gos'ko-pe). Ob- 
servation of one's own larynx. 
autolavage (aw"to-lah-vahzh') [Gr. avros self 4- 
lavage}. Lavage performed on one's self or on 
one's own stomach. 
autolesion (aw'to-le-zhun). A self-inflicted injury, 
autologous (aw-tol'o-gus) [Gr. avros self 4- Xbyos 
relation]. Occurring naturally or normally in a 
structure or tissue; normal to the part. 
autolysate (aw-tol'is-at). A substance or sub- 
stances produced by autolysis. Autolysates of 
cancer tissue have been used subcutaneously in the 
treatment of cancer. 
autolysin (aw-tol'is-in). i. A lysin present in an 
organism and capable of destroying the cells or 
tissues of that organism. 2. A proprietary solution 
containing non-toxic vegetable proteins: used in 
the treatment of cancer. 
autolysis (aw-tol'is-is) [Gr. avros self 4- Xvcns solu- 
tion]. i. The automatic disintegration of tissues 
or of cells; self-disintegration; the disintegration or 
digestion of tissue by the action of enzymes se- 
creted by its own cells. 2. The destruction of cells 
of the body by its own serum. 
autolytic (aw-to-lit'ik). Pertaining to or causing 
autolysis. 
autolyze (aw'to-liz). To undergo or to cause to 
undergo autolysis. 
automatic (aw-to-mat'ik) [Gr. avroparLKos self- 
acting]. Spontaneous or involuntary; done by no 
act of the will. 
automatism (aw-tom'at-izm) [Gr. avropartapos 
self-action], i. The performance of acts without 
conscious volition. 2. The doctrine that the brain 
causes, manufactures, or calls into action mental 
processes and that all mental processes are depend- 
ent on brain activity. Cf. parallelism, ambu- 
latory a., a condition in which the patient walks 
about and performs acts mechanically and without 
consciousness of what he is doing. Called also 
poriomania, command a., an abnormal sug- 
gestibility to movement, as echopraxia or echolalia. 
automatograph (aw-to-mat'o-graf) [Gr. alrropar- 
urpos automatism + ypa<peip to write]. An instru- 
ment for recording involuntary movements. 
automixis (aw-to-miks'is) (Gr. avros self 4- ui$is 
mixture]. Same as autogamy. 
automors (aw'to-morz). A proprietary disinfect- 
ant said to consist of a mixture of a cresol prepara- 
tion with free sulphuric acid. 
automysophobia (aw"to-mis-o-fo'be-ah) (Ga 
avros self 4- my so phobia]. Insane dread of per- 
sonal uncleanness. 
autonephrectomy (aw"to-nef-rek'to-me) (Gr. 
avros self 4- peippos kidney + eKropr) excision]. 
A stricture of the ureter which completely closes 
the lumen so that no secretion reaches the bladder. 
autonephrotoxin (aw"to-nef-ro-toks'in). A neph- 
rotoxin which acts against the cells of the body in 
which it is formed. 
autonomic (aw-to-nom'ik). Autonomous; self- 
controlling; having independent functions, a. 
nervous system. See under system. 
auto nomin (aw-ton'om-in). A hypothetical hor- 
mone secreted by the pancreas under the influence 
of the vagal autonomic system which is supposed 
to antagonize adrenalin. 
autonomous (aw-ton'om-us) [Gr. avros self 4- 
vbpos law]. Having independent functions. 
autonomy (aw-ton'o-me) [Gr. avros self 4- popos 
law]. Functional independence of other parts. 
auto-ophthalmoscope (aw"to-of-thal'mos-k6p) 
[auto- 4" ophthalmoscope]. An ophthalmoscope for 
examining one's own eyes. 
auto-ophthalmoscopy (aw"to-of-thal-mos'ko- 
pe) [auto- 4- ophthalmoscopy]. The use of the 
auto-opb thal moscope. 
auto-oxidation (aw"to-ok-sid-a'shun). Spontane- 
ous oxidation. 
autopathography (aw"to-path-og'raf-e) [Gr. 
avros self 4* iraOos disease 4- ypatpecp to write], A 
written description of the pathography of one's 
own disease. 
autopathy (aw-top'ath-e) [Gr. avros self 4- rraOos 
disease]. A disease without apparent external 
causation. 
autopepsia (aw-to-pep'se-ah) [Gr. avros self 4- 
TreTTret-P to digest]. Self-digestion; autolysis. 
autophagia, autophagy (aw-to-fa'je-ah, aw-tof'- 
a-je) [Gr. avros self 4- <paytip to eat], i. The eat- 
ing of one's own flesh in insanity. 2. Nutri- 
tion of the body by the consumption of its own 
tissues. 
autophobia (aw-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. avros self 4- 
ipb^os fear]. Insane dread of solitude or of being 
alone with oneself. 
autophonia (aw-to-fo'ne-ah). See auto phony. 
autophonometry (aw-to-fo-nom'et-re) [Gr. avros 
self 4* <pa>pf) voice 4- per pop measure]. The appli- 
cation of a vibrating tuning-fork to the body of a 
patient for the purpose of having him describe 
the sensations which it produces. 
autophony (aw-tof'o-ne) [Gr. avros self 4- ipuprj 
voice], i. Observation of one's own voice as 
transmitted through a patient's chest. 2. A con- 
dition in which a patient's voice seems to him- 
self abnormal or too loud. 
autophthalmoscope (aw-tof-thal'mos-kbp). See 
auto-ophthalmoscope. 
autophyte (aw'to-fit) [Gr. avros self 4* <pvrbv 
plant]. A plant which does not depend on or- 
ganized food material, but derives its nourishment 
directly from inorganic matter. Cf. saprophyte. 
autoplasmotherapy (aw-to-plaz-mo-ther'ap-e) 
[Gr. avros self 4" L. plas'ma 4~ Gr. Oepaireia treat- 
ment]. Treatment of disease by injections of the 
patient's own blood-plasma. AUTOPLASTIC 
141 
AUTOXIDATOR 
autoplastic (aw-to-plas'tik). Pertaining to auto- 
plasty. 
autoplasty (aw'to-plas-te) [Gr. avros self 4- 
TrXaaaetp to form]. The repair of diseased or in- 
jured parts by pieces taken from another part 
of the body. 
autopoisonous (aw-to-poi'zun-us). Poisonous to 
the organism by which it is formed. 
autoprecipitin (aw-to-pre-sip'it-in). A precipitin 
which acts on the serum of the animal in which 
it was developed. 
autoprotection (aw-to-pro-tek'shun). Self-pro- 
tection; particularly the protection of the body 
from diseases by the development of auto-anti- 
toxins. 
autopsy (aw'top-se) [Gr. avros self 4* o/ls view]. 
The postmortem examination of a body. 
autopsychic (aw-to-si'kik) [Gr. avros self 4- f'vxh 
mind]. Pertaining to self-consciousness. 
autopsychorhythmia (aw"to-si-ko-rith'me-ah) 
[Gr. avros self 4- mind 4" pvOpos rhythm]. 
Pathologic rhythmic activity of the brain. 
autopsychosis (aw"to-si-ko'sis). A psychosis or 
mental disease marked by derangement of ideas 
relating to the patient's self. 
autoreinfusion (aw"to-re-in-fu'zhun). Intrave- 
nous infusion into a patient of his own blood or 
serum which has been effused in his body cavities. 
au torr hap hy (aw-tor'af-e) [Gr. avros self 4- pa<prj 
suture]. Closure of a wound by the use of strands 
of tissue taken from the flaps of the wound. 
autoscope (aw'to-skop) [Gr. avros self 4- auoireip 
to view]. An instrument for the examination of 
one's own organs. 
autoscopy (aw-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. avros self 4- aKorreip 
to view]. 1. The examination of one's own or- 
gans. 2. Direct examination of the larynx without 
the interposition of a mirror (Kirstein). 
autosensitization (aw"to-sen-sit-iz-a'shun). Sen- 
sitization toward one's own tissues. It can be pro- 
duced in an animal by injecting its own lens pro- 
tein, its own placenta protein, and possibly by in- 
jecting other tissues. 
autosensitized (aw-to-sen'sit-Izd). Sensitized by 
the patient's own serum or tissues. 
autosepticemia (aw"to-sep-tis-e'me-ah). Septi- 
cemia due to poisons developed within the body. 
autoserobacterin (aw"to-se-ro-bak'ter-in). An 
autosensitized vaccine; a vaccine sensitized by the 
patient's own serum. 
autoserodiagnosis (aw-to-se-ro-di-ag-no'sis). Di- 
agnostic use of a serum from the patient's own 
blood. 
autoserosalvarsan (aw"to-se-ro-sal'var-san). See 
Swift-Ellis treatment, under treatment. 
autoserotherapy (aw-to-se-ro-ther'ap-e) [Gr. avros 
self-Her«m4-Gr. Oepaireia treatment]. Treatment 
of disease by injections of serum derived from the 
patient's own blood. 
autoserous (aw-to-se'rus). Accomplished by 
means of one's own serum. 
autoserum (aw-to-se'rum) [Gr. avros self 4- serum]. 
A serum which is used on the patient from which 
it is derived, a. therapy. See under therapy. 
autosite (aw-to-sit) [Gr. avros self 4- afros food]. 
1. A monster or teratism capable of independent 
life. 2. A teratism upon or within which a para- 
sitic twin lives. 
autosome (aw'to-som) [Gr. avros self 4- a&pa 
body]. Any ordinary paired chromosome as dis- 
tinguished from an accessory chromosome. 
autospermotoxin (aw"to-sper-mo-tok'sin). A 
substance formed in the body and capable of 
agglutinating the spermatozoa of the animal in 
which they are formed. 
autospray (au'to-spra). An apparatus for spray- 
ing, to be used by the patient himself. 
autostethoscope (aw-to-steth'os-kop) [auto + 
stethoscope]. A stethoscope for use upon one's 
own chest. 
autosuggestibility (aw"to-sug-jes-tib-il'it-e). A 
peculiar mental state with loss of will, in which 
suggestions become easy. 
autosuggestion (aw"to-sug-jest'yun) [Gr. avros 
self 4- suggestion]. The apparently spontaneous 
occurrence to the mind of ideas derived from 
impressions received in the hypnotic state. The 
term is also applied to the peculiar mental state 
often occurring after accidents, in which the will 
and judgment are partially obscured and sugges- 
tions are easily received, so that the slightest 
injury to a part induces a hysteric paralysis, 
contracture, or other disability. This latter state 
is also called traumatic suggestion. 
autotemnous (aw-to-tem'nus) [Gr. avros self 4" 
reppeip to divide]. Capable of spontaneous divi- 
sion. 
autotherapy (aw-to-ther,ap-e) [Gr. avros self + 
Oepairela treatment], i. The spontaneous cure of 
disease. 2. Self-cure. 3. Treatment of disease 
by filtrates from the patient's own secretions. 
autotomy (aw-tot'o-me) [Gr. avros self -T ropy a 
cut]. 1. Self-division; fission. 2. A surgical opera- 
tion performed on one's self. 
autotopnosia (aw-to-top-no'se-ah) [Gr. avros self 
+ tottos place + ypcoais knowledge]. Inability to 
orient correctly different parts of the body. 
autotoxemia, autotoxicosis (aw"to-tok-se'me- 
ah, aw"to-toks-ik-o'sis) [Gr. avros self 4- to^lkop 
poison 4- alpa blood]. Poisoning by material 
generated within the body. 
autotoxic (aw-to-tok'sik) [Gr. avros self 4- to^ikop 
poison]. Pertaining to autointoxication. 
autotoxide (aw-to-tok'sid). A proprietary anti- 
septic and anodyne stimulant for the nervous 
and glandular systems. 
autotoxin (aw-to-tok'sin). Any pathogenic prin- 
ciple developed within the body from tissue 
metamorphosis. 
autotoxis (aw-to-tok'sis). See autointoxication. 
auto transfusion (aw"to-trans-fu'zhun). 1. The 
forcing of the blood into vital parts by bandaging 
or elevating the limb. 2. Reinfusion of the pa- 
tient's own blood. 
autotransplant (aw-to-trans'plant). A piece of 
tissue taken from one part of an animal and trans- 
planted to another part of the same animal. 
autotransplantation (aw"to-trans-plan-ta'shun). 
The operation of taking a piece of tissue from one 
part of an animal and inserting it in another part. 
auto trepanation (aw-to-trep-an-a'shun). Erosion 
of the skull by a brain tumor. 
autotrophic (aw-to-trof'ik) [Gr. avros self 4- 
rpoipr) nutrition]. Self-nourishing: said of bac- 
teria which require neither organic carbon nor 
organic nitrogen for their growth, but are able to 
build up carbohydrates and protein out of carbon 
dioxid and inorganic salts. 
autotuberculin (aw-to-tu-ber'ku-lin). Tuberculin 
derived from a patient's own sputum. 
autotyphization (aw"to-ti-fiz-a'shun). The pro- 
duction of a state like typhoid fever from accu- 
mulation of waste matters in the system. 
auto-urine test (aw-to-u'rin). See under tests. 
autovaccination (aw"to-vak-sin-a'shun). The 
vaccination of a patient with his own virus. 
autovaccine (aw-to-vak'sen). A bacterial vaccine 
prepared from the patient's own secretions or 
tissues. 
autoxemia (aw-tok-se'me-ah). Same as autotoxemia. 
autoxidation (aw-toks-id-a'shun). Spontaneous 
oxidation of a substance which is in direct contact 
with oxygen. 
autoxidator (aw-toks'id-a-tor). A substance in 
any active cell which can be oxidized by water, 
producing hydrogen dioxid. AUTOXIDIZABLE 
142 
AXIS 
autoxidizable (aw-toks'id-i-za-bl). Spontaneously 
oxidizable. 
auxanogram (awks-an'o-gram). The plate culture 
used in auxanography. 
auxanographic (awks-an-o-graf'ik). Pertaining to 
auxanography. a. method, auxanography. 
auxanography (awks-an-og'raf-e) [Gr. ab^avecv 
to grow -f- ypatpeiv to write]. A method of de- 
termining the most suitable medium for a microbe 
by placing drops of various solutions on a plate 
culture of a poor medium. The microbe will 
develop the strongest colonies on that spot which 
contains the best medium. 
auxanology (awks-an-ol'o-je) [Gr. ab^aveiv to in- 
crease + Xbyos treatise]. The science of growth. 
auxesis (awk-se'sis) [Gr.]. Growth or increase. 
auxetic (awks-et'ik) [Gr. to increase]. 1. 
Stimulating cell proliferation. 2. A substance 
which stimulates cell proliferation. 
auxiliary (awks-il'e-a-re) [L. auxilia'ris]. 1. Af- 
fording aid. 2. That which affords aid. 
auxilin (awks-il'in). A proprietary antidiabetic 
tablet containing extracts of myrtillum, cortex 
phaseoli, tormentilla root, etc. 
auxiliomotor (awks-il-e-o-mo'tor). Aiding or stim- 
ulating motion. 
auxilysin (awks-il'i-zin). See conglutinin. 
auxilytic (awks-il-it'ik) [Gr. av^ecv to increase + 
lysis]. Increasing the lytic or destructive power. 
auxiometer, auxometer (awks-e-om'et-er, awks- 
om'et-er) [Gr. av^ecv to increase + perpov meas- 
ure]. 1. An apparatus for measuring the magni- 
fying powers of lenses. 2. A dynamometer. 
auxocardia (awks-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. to in- 
crease 4- Kapbia heart]. 1. Diastole. 2. Enlarge- 
ment of the heart. 
auxochrome, auxochromous (awks'o-krom, 
awks-o-kro'mus) [Gr. to increase -F xpuipa 
color]. Increasing or developing color: a term ap- 
plied to a chemic group which, if introduced into a 
chromogen, will form a dye-stuff. 
auxocyte (awks'o-sit) [Gr. to increase 4* 
kvtos cell]. A cell which is concerned in growth or 
reproduction. 
auxoflore (awk'so-flor). A substance which in- 
creases the intensity of fluorescent compounds. Cf. 
bathoflore. 
auxogluc (awks'o-gluk) [Gr. ab^eiv to increase 4- 
yXvxvs sweet]. See under gluciphore. 
auxohormone (awks-o-hor'mon) [Gr. av^eiv to in- 
crease 4- hormone], A term applied to vitamins. 
auxology (awks-ol'o-je) [Gr. av^eiv to increase 4- 
Xbyos treatise]. The study or science of the 
growth of organisms. 
A. V., AV. Abbreviation for auriculoventricular. 
Av. Abbreviation for avoirdupois. 
ava, ava-kava (ah'vah, ah"vah-kav'ah). Same as 
kava. 
avalvular (ah-val'vu-lar). Having no valves. 
avariosis (ah-var-e-o'sis) [Fr. avarie damage]. 
Syphilis. 
avascular (ah-vas'ku-lar) [Gr. a neg. 4- vascular]. 
Not vascular. 
avascularization (ah-vas"ku-lar-i-za'shun). The 
expulsion of blood from a part, as by elastic 
bandages. 
Ave Uis' syndrome (av-el'ez) . [Georg Avellis, 
German laryngologist, born 1864]. See under 
syndrome. 
Avempace (av-em'pas-e). A name of Abu Bekr 
Mohammed Ibn B adjeh, an Arabic physician and 
medical writer of Spain. 
Avena (ah-ve'nah) [L.]. A genus of grasses. A. 
sati'va, the common oat. The seeds are nutri- 
tious and stimulant. Dose of fluidextract or con- 
centrated tincture, 10-120 min. (0.666-8 c.c.). 
avenin (av-e'nin). 1. A stimulant and tonic prep- 
aration from oats. 2. A principle like casein, 
obtainable from oats. 
avenolith (av-e'no-lith) [L. ave'na oats 4- Gr. XiOos 
stone]. An intestinal calculus or enterolith formed 
around a grain of oats. 
Avenzoar (av-en-zo'ar). A renowned Arabic physi- 
cian, born in Seville, Spain, about the beginning of 
the twelfth century, his full name being Abu 
Merwan Ibn Zohr. His principal writing was a 
compendium of practice, al-Teisir, which is replete 
with interesting clinical reports. He died in 1162. 
Averroes (av-er'o-ez). A distinguished Spanish- 
Arabian philosopher and physician, born in 1126 at 
Cordova. His chief work is his commentaries on 
Aristotle. Died, 1198. 
aviator's disease (a've-a-torz). See under disease. 
Avicenna (av-is-en'ah). The most celebrated Ara- 
bian physician and philosopher, 980-1037; sur- 
named the " Prince of Physicians." 
aviol (ah-vi'ol). An astringent and desiccative 
preparation containing iodin. 
avirulent (ah-vir'u-lent). Not virulent. 
avitaminose, avitaminosis (ah-vi-tam'in-bs, 
tarn-in-o'sis). Any disease due to a deficiency of 
vitamins in the diet, such as scurvy or beriberi; 
called also deficiency disease and deprivation disease. 
avivement (ah-vev-maw'). The operative refresh- 
ing of the edges of a wound. 
Avogadro's law (av-o-gad'roz) [Amadeo Avogadro, 
Italian physicist, 1776-1856]. See under law. 
avoirdupois (av"or-du-poiz'). See under weights. 
avulsion (ah-vul'shun) [L. avul'sio]. The tear- 
ing away of a part or structure. 
ax. Abbreviation for axis. 
axanthopsia (ak-san-thop'se-ah) [Gr. a priv. 4- 
yellow + oxpcs vision]. Yellow blindness. 
Axenfeld's test (aks'en-felts) [David Axenfield, 
German physiologist, 1848-1912]. See under test. 
Axenfeld-Morax. See Morax-Axenfeld. 
axial, axile (ak'se-al, ak'sil). Of or pertaining to 
the axis of a structure or part. 
axifugal (ak-sif'u-gal) [L. ax'is axis 4- fu'gere to 
flee]. Centrifugal. 
axilemma (ak-sil-em'ah) [axis 4- Gr. Xeppa. 
husk]. The sheath of the axis-cylinder. 
axilla (ak-sil'ah), pl. axil'lce [L.]. The arm-pit. 
axillary (ak'sil-a-re). Pertaining to the axilla or 
arm-pit. 
axin (ak'sin). A varnish-like substance from an 
insect, Ladcus ax'inus: vulnerary and resolvent. 
axinic acid. See acid. 
axion (ak-se'on). The brain and spinal cord. 
axioplasm (ak'se-o-plazm). Neuroplasm. 
axiopodium (ak-se-o-po'de-um), pl. axiopo'dia 
[Gr. ajwp axis + ttovs foot]. One of the radiating 
axial filaments of a protozoan organism. 
axipetal (ak-sip'et-al) [L. ax' is axis 4- pe'tere to 
seek]. Same as axopetal. 
axis (ak'sis) [L. for "axle"]. 1. A line about which 
any revolving body turns. 2. The second cervical 
vertebra, basibregmatic a., a vertical line 
from the basion to the bregma; the maximum 
height of the cranium, basicranial a., a line 
from the basion to the gonion. basifacial a., 
a line joining the gonion and the subnasal point, 
binauricular a., a line joining the two auricular 
points, celiac a., a large branch of the abdominal 
aorta, cerebrospinal a., the central nervous 
system, craniofacial a., the axis of the bones 
at the base of the skull, including the meseth- 
moid, presphenoid, basisphenoid, and basioc- 
cipital. encephalomyelonic a., enceph- 
alospinal a. See neuraxis. facial a., the 
basifacial axis, frontal a., an imaginary line 
running from right to left through the center of AXIS-CYLINDER 
143 
AZOTORRHEA 
the eyeball, neural a., the cerebrospinal axis, 
optic a., a. op'tica [BNA], the line of vision, 
sagittal a., an imaginary line extending through 
the eye from before backward, thyroid a. See 
under arteries, table of. vertical a., a vertical line 
through the center of the eyeball, visual a., a 
line from the point of vision of the retina to the 
object of vision. 
axis-cylinder (ak-sis-sil'in-der) [axis + cylinder]. 
The central core which forms the essential con- 
ducting part of a nerve-fiber, a. process, the 
process of a nerve-cell which is continuous with 
the axis-cylinder of a nerve. 
axis-traction (ak-sis-trak'shun). Traction made 
by the obstetric forceps along the line of the 
pelvic axis. 
axite (ak'slt) [L. ax'is], Any one of the terminal 
filaments of an axis-cylinder. 
axodendrite (ak-so-den'drit). One of the non- 
medullated side-fibrils given off from an axis- 
cylinder process of a nerve-cell. The term is 
used in distinction from cytodendrite. 
axofugal (ak-so-fu'gal) [axon 4- L. fu'gere to flee]. 
Directed away from an axon or axis-cylinder 
process. 
axoid, axoidean (aks'oid, aks-oi'de-an). Pertaining 
to the axis or second cervical vertebra. 
axolemma (ak-so-lem'ah). Same as axilemma. 
axolysis (ak-sol'is-is) [axon 4- Gr. Xvats dissolution]. 
Degeneration and breaking up of the axis-cylinder 
of a nerve-cell. 
axometer (aks-om'et-er) [axis + Gr. perpov meas- 
ure]. An instrument for measuring an axis. 
axon, axone (aks'on) [Gr. axis]. 1. The body 
axis. 2. An axis-cylinder process of a nerve-cell; the 
process of a neuron or nerve-cell which conducts 
impulses away from the cell-body. Called also 
axis-cylinder process, neurit, neuraxis, and neuraxon. 
a. degeneration, loss of function of the axis- 
cylinder. a.-hill, a.-hillock, apartofthenerve- 
cell at the base of the axis-cylinder process which 
is always free from any chromatin substance, 
naked a., an axon which has no inc-osing medul- 
lary sheath. 
axonal (aks'o-nal). Pertaining to or affecting an 
axon. 
axone (aks'on). See axon. 
axoneure, axoneuron (ak'so-nur, ak-so-nu'ron) 
[Gr. axis 4- vevpov nerve]. Any cell of the 
cerebrospinal axis. 
axonometer (ak-so-nom'et-er) [Gr. axis 4- 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for the rapid 
determination of the cylindric axis of a lens. 
axopetal (ak-sop'et-al) [axon 4- L. pe'tere to seek]. 
Directed or proceeding toward an axon or axis- 
cylinder process. 
axoplasm (ak'so-plazm) [Gr. axis 4- irKhapa. 
plasma]. The material that surrounds the fibrils 
of the axis-cylinder. 
axopodium (ak-so-po'de-um). Same as axiopodium. 
axospongium (ak-so-spun'je-um) [axon 4- Gr. 
arroyyos sponge]. The mesh work structure mak- 
ing up the substance of the axis-cylinder of a nerve- 
cell. 
axungia (ak-sun'je-ah) [L. ax'is axle 4- un'guere 
grease]. Lard. 
ayapana (ah-yah-pa'nah). The leaves of Eupa- 
to'rium tripliner've, a plant growing in many hot 
countries. It is aromatic, stomachic, diaphoretic, 
and stimulant: used like tea and coffee, and also 
as a household polychrest remedy in various hot 
regions. 
Az. Abbreviation for azole or nitrogen. 
azalein (a-za'le-in) [L. aza'lea a plant name]. 
Same as fuchsin. 
azarin (az'ar-in). A non-poisonous yellow color- 
ing-matter from coal-tar. 
azedarach (az-ed'ar-ak). The bark of Me'lia 
azed'arach, a tree of Asia: anthelmintic, emetic, 
and purgative. Dose of decoction, |-i fl.oz. 
(15-30 c.c.); of fluidextract, 60 min. (4 c.c.); of 
tincture, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.). 
azerin (az'er-in). A ferment from Dr os'era, Nepen'- 
thes, and various other insectivorous plants. 
azid, azide (az'id). A compound which contains 
the group -CO.N3. 
azoamyly (a-zo-am'il-e) [Gr. a neg. 4- l&ov animal 
+ ap.v\ov starch]. Inability of the hepatic cells 
to store up a normal amount of glycogen. 
Azobacter (a-zo-bak'ter). See Azotobacter. 
azobenzene (az"o-ben-zen') [azote 4- benzene]. 
An orange-red, crystalline derivative, CgHs.N:- 
N.CgHs, from nitrobenzene, soluble in alcohol and 
ether, but only sparingly so in water. 
azo-compounds (az-o-kom'powndz). Compounds 
which contain the azo group -N : N-. 
azodermin (a-zo-der'min). Acetylated amido- 
azotoluene, a reddish powder used to promote epi- 
thelial formation. 
azodolen (a-zod'o-len). A mixture of pellidol and1 
iodolen, used as an antiseptic and to stimulate epi- 
thelial formation. 
azoic (ah-zo'ik) [Gr. a neg. + life]. Destitute 
of living organisms. 
/N 
azoimid (a-zo-im'id). 1. The group - N< ||. 2. A 
\N 
protoplasmic poison, hydrazoic acid, NH3, resem- 
bling hydrocyanic acid in its action, made by heat- 
ing hydrogen hydrochlorid with sodium nitrate.. 
It is highly explosive. Called also triazoic acid and 
hydronitric acid. 
azole (az'61). A derivative of a five-membered ring 
containing nitrogen and either oxygen, sulphur, or 
an additional nitrogen atom, as well as carbon 
atoms. 
azolitmin (az-o-lit'min). A coloring principle, 
C7H7NO4, from litmus. It is used as an indicator 
and has a Ph range of 4.5 to 8.3, being red at 4.5 
and blue at 8.3. 
azolysin (a-zol'is-in). A proprietary preparation 
for the treatment of azoturia. 
azoospermatism (ah-zo-o-sper'mat-izm). Azo- 
ospermia. 
azoospermia (ah"zo-o-sper'me-ah) [Gr. a neg. + 
zoosperm]. Lack or absence of spermatozoa in 
the semen. 
azophen (a'zo-fen). Sodium dimethylaminoazo- 
benzene-m-sulphonate, a yellow crystalline sub- 
stance: it is antiseptic and stimulates tissue forma- 
tion. 
azote (az'ot) [Gr. a neg. + fwi) life]. Nitrogen, 
azotemia (az-o-te'me-ah) [azote + Gr. aiMa blood]. 
1. The presence of urea or other nitrogenous 
bodies in the blood. 2. A disease of horses due to 
urea in the blood. It is caused by overfeeding 
and insufficient exercise, and is marked by a sudden 
attack of perspiration, paralysis of the hind quar- 
ters, and blood in the urine. 
azotenesis (az"o-ten-e'sis). Any disease due to 
an excess of nitrogenous substances in the sys- 
tem. 
azotize (az'o-tlz). To combine with nitrogen. 
azotized (az'o-tizd). Containing or charged with 
nitrogen. 
Azotobacter (az-o-to-bak'ter) [azote + bacteria]. 
A genus of bacteria characterized by being capable 
of fixing free nitrogen. Same as Azobacter. 
azotometer (az-o-tom'et-er) [azote + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the pro- 
portion of nitrogen compounds in a solution. 
azotorrhea (az-o-to-re'ah) [azote + Gr. poia flow]. 
Excess of nitrogenous matter in the urine or 
feces. AZOTURIA 
144 
BACILLUS 
azoturia (az-o-tu're-ah) [azote + Gr. ovpov urine]. 
Excess of urea or. other nitrogen compounds in the 
urine. 
azoturic (az-o-tu'rik). Pertaining to azoturia or 
the urinary excretion of nitrogen. 
azoxy compound (az-ok'se). A compound which 
O 
contains the group /\ 
- N -N-. 
azoxybenzene (az"ok-se-ben-zen/). A product, 
(CeHsNhO, of the reduction of nitrobenzene. 
azule (az'ul). A proprietary name for sterile glass 
capsules and for a series of preparations contained 
in such capsules. 
azulene (az'u-len). A blue coloring-matter, CI3H28- 
O, from certain volatile oils. 
azulin (az'u-lin). A blue anilin color or dye. 
azulmin (az-ul'min). A black compound, C4H5- 
N5O, formed during decomposition of prussic 
acid. 
azurin (az'u-rin). The double acetate of sodium 
and theobromin; used as a diuretic. Dose, 10-15 
gr. (0.65-0.98 gm.) 
azurophil, azurophile, azurophilic (az-u'ro- 
fil, -fil'ik) [azure + Gr. to love]. Staining 
well with blue anilin dyes. 
azurophilia (az-u-ro-fil'e-ah). A condition in which 
the blood contains cells having azurophil granula- 
tions. 
azygos (az'ig-os) [Gr. a priv. + ^vybs yoke]. 1. 
Unpaired. 2. Any unpaired part. 
azygous (az'ig-us) [see azygos]. Having no fellow; 
unpaired. See muscles, table of. 
azymia (ah-zim'e-ah) [Gr. a priv. + $vpi) ferment]. 
Absence of a ferment. 
azymic, azymous (ah-zim'ik, ah-zi'mus). Not 
causing fermentation; not arising from a fermen- 
tation. 
azzle-tooth (az'l-tooth). A molar tooth. 
B 
B. The symbol of boron; also an abbreviation for 
bal'neum, bath, Baumi (a hydrometer)), and Benoist 
scale. 
Ba. The symbol of barium. 
B. A. Abbreviation for L. bal'neum are'nee, sand- 
bath. 
Babbitt, B. metal. An alloy of tin, copper, and 
antimony which has a limited use in dentistry. 
Babes-Ernst bodies [Victor Babes, Rumanian 
bacteriologist, born 1854; Paul Ernst, German 
pathologist, born 1859]. Metachromatic granules. 
See under granule. 
Babesia (ba-be'ze-ah). A genus of protozoa. 
Same as Piro plasma. B. bo'vis. Same as 
Piroplasma bigeminum. B. ca'nis, a species 
causing canine babesiasis. B. o'vis. Same as 
Piroplasma ovis. 
babesiasis, babesiosis (ba-be-si'as-is, ba-be-se- 
o'sis). Infection with Babesia. Same as piroplas- 
mosis. canine b., a disease of dogs in France, 
Italy, and Africa caused by Babesia canis. 
Babinski's law, reflex, syndrome (ba-bin'skes) 
[Jules Babinski, physician in Paris, born 1857]. See 
under law, reflex, and syndrome. 
Babinski-Nageotte syndrome. See under syn- 
drome. 
bacca (bak'ah), pl. bac'cce [L.]. A berry. 
Baccelli's method, sign (batsh-el'ez) [Guido 
Baccelli, physician in Rome, 1832-1916]. See under 
method and sign. 
bacciform (bak'sif-orm) [L. bae'ea berry + for'ma 
shape]. Berry shaped. 
bacillac (bas'il-ak). A proprietary preparation of 
milk soured by the lactobacillus. 
Bacillacese (bas-il-a'se-e). A family of the order 
Eubacteriales, including rod-shaped forms pro- 
ducing endospores. It comprises the genera Bacil- 
lus and Clostridium. 
bacillar, bacillary (bas'il-ar, bas'il-a-re). Per- 
taining to bacilli or to rod-like forms. 
bacillemia (bas-il-e'me-ah) [bacillus -f- Gr. ai/xa 
blood]. The presence of bacilli in the blood. 
bacilli-carrier. See carrier. 
bacillicidal, bacillicidic (bas"il-is-i'dal, bas"il- 
is-id'ik). Destructive to bacilli. 
bacillicide (bas-il'is-id) [bacillus + L. ca' dere to 
kill|. A drug which destroys bacilli. 
bacilliculture (bas-il'ik-ul-chur). The artificial 
propagation of bacilli. 
bacilliform (bas-il'if-orm) [bacillus + L. fo/ma 
form]. Having the appearance of a bacillus. 
bacilligenic (bas"il-ij-en'ik). Caused by a bacillus, 
bacillin (bas-il'in). A commercial disinfectant. 
bacillinum (bas-il-i'num). A homeopathic prep- 
aration of tuberculous lung tissue. 
bacilliparous (bas-il-ip'ar-us) [bacilli + L. pare're 
to produce]. Producing bacilli. 
bacillogenous (bas-il-oj'en-us). Caused by bacilli, 
bacillol (bas'il-ol). A product of the distillation 
of tar containing 52 per cent, of cresol. It is made 
up as a soap mixture similar to the compound solu- 
tion of cresol, and is used as an antiseptic and dis- 
infectant. 
bacillophobia (bas"il-o-fo'be-ah) [L. bacU'li + Gr. 
<pb&os fear]. A morbid fear of microbes. 
bacillosis (bas-il-o'sis) [L. bacU'lum a rod]. The 
state of bacillary infection. 
bacilluria (bas-il-u're-ah) [bacilli + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of bacilli in the urine. 
bacillus (bas-il'us), pl. bacU'li [L. "little stick "]. 
1. A rod-shaped body. 2. A genus of Bacil- 
lacece, the members of which are rod shaped and 
sometimes occur in chains, abortion-b., B. 
abor'tus. See Bacterium abortum. B. acci- 
denta'lis tet'ani, a form in small motile rods, 
from wounds of inoculation tetanus. Causes septi- 
cemia with edema in mice, guinea-pigs, and 
rabbits. B. ace'ti, B. acet'icus, a species 
found in the air and in vinegar in the form of 
large cylindric cells, or short, rounded rods, dis- 
posed in thick chains. It causes acetic fermenta- 
tion. Achalme's b. (1891). See Clostridium 
aerogenes capsulatus. acid-fast b., acid- 
resisting b., any bacterium which, after stain- 
ing, is very resistant to the decolorizing influence 
of acids; such are the mycobacterium lepra, smeg~ 
matis, and tuberculosis. B. ac'idi butyr'ici, a 
form from mixtures of saccharin solutions and 
cheese. Coagulates milk and forms butyric acid. 
B. ac'idi lac'tici. See Bacterium acidi lactici. 
B. acidif'leans longis'simus, a zymogenic 
species from the yeast of distillery mash. B. 
acidifor mans, a form from the liver of yellow- 
fever cadavers: pathogenic for rabbits and guinea- 
pigs. B. acidophilus. See Lactobacillus 
acidophilus. B. ac ne contagio sas, a form in 
non-motile short rods, from the pus of acne con- 
tagiosa of horses. Produces acne and suppuration 
in horses and cattle. B. ac'nes. See Fusi- 
formis acnes. B. actinobac'ter. See Clostridium BACILLUS 
butyricum. B. actinomyce'tum com'itans, a 
very short bacillus or a coccus frequently found 
associated with Actinomyces bo vis. B. aegypti'- 
acus. See Hemophilus of Koch-Weeks. B. 
serofe'tidus. See Clostridium cerofetidum. B. 
aerog'enes. See Bacterium aero genes. B. 
aerog'enes capsula'tus. See Clostridium aerog- 
enes capsulatum. B. aerog'enes meningit'- 
idis, a zymogenic and pathogenic species from a 
case of meningitis. B. aeroph'ilus, a non- 
pathogenic bacillus from the air: in slender, non- 
motile rods joined with filament. B. aer'trycke. 
See Bacterium cholera suis. Afanassiew's b., a 
short species found in the expectoration of whoop- 
ing-cough and. pathogenic for dogs. B. al'bicans 
paterifor'mis, a species from the skin in sebor- 
rhea: in straight non-motile rods variously dis- 
posed. B. albu minis, a non-pathogenic form 
from feces. B. al'bus, a white, non-pathogenic 
species from water: a short, motile micro-organism 
with blunt ends. B. al'bus aerobies'cens, a 
non-pathogenic form from pure water. B. al'bus 
cadav'eris, a pathogenic form from the blood of 
a cadaver: in the form of actively motile rods. It 
kills mice and guinea-pigs. B. al'bus pu'tidus, 
a non-pathogenic species from water: in filaments 
made up of motile rods. b. of allantiasis. See 
Clostridium botulinum. B. allantoi'des, a non- 
pathogenic form from air. B. al'lii, a non- 
pathogenic form from decaying onions, b. of 
alope'cia area'ta. Same as Bacterium decalvans. 
B. al'vei, a pathogenic species from bees affected 
with the disease "foul brood." It is pathogenic 
for mice and guinea-pigs: it forms slender, motile 
rods with large spores. B. aminoph'ilus in- 
testina'lis, a bacillus found in the cecum and 
producing histamin. B. amylobac'ter. See 
Clostridium butyricum. B. amyloclas'ticus in- 
testina'lis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, 
facultative anaerobic bacillus, 4 to 6 microns long 
and 0.9 to 1.2 microns thick, isolated from the 
intestines. It splits starchy foods and is thought 
to be of significance in diabetes. B. amylov'orus. 
Same as Erwinia amylovora. B. amylozy'ma, a 
species of bacillus from water in Paris occurring in 
the form of rods 2 to 3 p long. They ferment sugar 
and yeast. B. anaerob'icus alkali'genes. See 
Clostridium tetanoides. B. anaerob'icus lique- 
fa'ciens, a species from the intestine of a yellow 
fever cadaver. B. annula'tus, a motile form 
from river water. B. antennifor'mis, a water 
bacillus in motile rods: not sporiferous. B. an- 
thra'cis, a large, non-motile, sporogenic, aerobic, 
Gram-positive bacillus which causes anthrax. 
Called also miltzbrand b. and the b. of splenic fever. 
B. anthra'cis simi'lis, a species resembling 
B. anthracis, but devoid of disease-producing power. 
B. anthra'cis symptomat'ici. See Clostridium 
chauvai. B. anthracoi'des, a species from soil, 
resembling that of anthrax. B. aphtho'SUS, a 
form in short, non-motile rods: causes ulceration 
of mouth and nose and cutaneous hemorrhages in 
cattle. B. a'pium, a species, causing a peculiar 
disease of bees. B. aquat'ilis. See Pseudo- 
monas aqualilis. B. aquat'ilis fluores'cens, a 
non-pathogenic form from well-water. B. aquat'- 
ilis grave'olens, a non-pathogenic form from 
well-water. B. aquat'ilis radia'tus, a sapro- 
phytic species from water. B. aquat'ilis sulca'- 
tus, any of five species or forms of bacillus (dis- 
tinguished as I, II, III, IV, and V) found in the 
aqueduct water in Vienna. All except IV are 
actively motile rods; IV is in non-motile rods with 
motile filaments. B. arbores'cens. See Ery- 
ihrobacillus arborescens. B. arbores'cens non- 
liquefa'ciens, a saprophytic species from soil. 
B. argentophosphores'cens, a species in three 
forms (I, II, III), from sea-water, phosphores- 
cent fish, and cuttle-fish. B. aromat'icus, a 
zymogenic bacillus found on cabbage leaves. 
B. arthrit'idis chron'icse, a form found in 
the joints in chronic rheumatism. B. asiat'icus, 
an organism causing a disease in Ceylon which is 
145 
marked by a protracted mild fever. There are two 
forms of the [organism, distinguished as A and B. 
B. ater'rimus, a species producing black pigment. 
It is aerobic, motile, and sporulating. B. auran- 
ti'acus, a species from well-water, forming a 
yellow pigment. B. aures'cens, a water 
bacillus producing an orange pigment: in motile 
rods. B. au'reus, a golden-yellow species 
from water and from the skin in seborrhea: in 
straight or slightly curved parallel rods, not 
actively motile. B. au'reus foe'tidus, a non- 
motile encapsulated bacillus, 1.4 long, 0.7 /x broad, 
found in a fatal infection of a Filipino. It produces 
a golden-yellow pigment. B. avisep'ticus. See 
Pasteurella aviseptica. b. "B," a pathogenic 
species producing a disease in the larvae of Lip'aris 
monach'a. B. baccari'nii, a species causing the 
disease gummosis in grape-vines. Bang's b., 
See Bacterium abortum. Barton's b., Bartonel'la 
bacillifor'mis. B. bellonen'sis. See Clostridium 
cedematiens. B. beriber'icus, a species found in 
persons affected with beriberi: in jointed rods, not 
unlike those of B. anthra'cis. B. bernen'sis, a 
species in thick rods, from Emmenthaler cheese. It 
causes the odor of the cheese. B. berolinen'sis 
in'dicus, a species from water in Berlin, in the 
form of slender, capsulated rods, occurring singly, 
in pairs, or in chains: produces an indigo-blue 
color. B. bienstock'ii, a pathogenic species 
from human feces. B. bifermen'tans. See 
Clostridium bifermentans. B. bi'fidus. See 
Lactobacillus bifidus. B. bipola'ris bubalisep'- 
ticus, the species causing barbone. B. bipola'- 
ris sep'ticus, a general name for bacilli of the 
hemorrhagic septicemia group, b. of black leg. 
See Clostridium chauvai. Boas-Kaufmann b., 
a long, thread-like bacillus found in the stomach in 
carcinoma of that organ. Boas-Oppler b. See 
Lactobacillus bulgaricus. B. bobcop'ricus, a 
zymogenic species from cow-dung. Bordet's b., 
Bordet-Gengou's b. See Hemophilus per- 
tussis. B. botuli'nus. See Clostridium botu- 
linum. b. of Bovet, a pathogenic species from 
the intestine of a woman who died of choleraic 
enteritis. B. bo'vis morbif'icans. See Bac- 
terium enterilidis. B. bovisep'ticus. See Pas- 
teurella bomseptica. B. bras'sicae, a non-patho- 
genic filamentous species from an infusion of cab- 
bage leaves. B. bremen'sis feTuis gas'trica, 
a new bacillus derived from cases of a disease with 
characteristic typhoid symptoms, but in which the 
Widal reaction could not be obtained. B. bre- 
slavien'sis, a species that caused an epidemic of 
enteritis, and was probably derived from diseased 
meat. B. bre'vis, a pathogenic species from sew- 
age in Berlin, in the form of non-motile rods 0.25 p 
long. Brieger's b. Same as B. cavici'dus. B. 
bronchica'nis, a bacillus believed to be the 
causative agent in canine distempter. B. bron- 
chisep'ticus. See Bacterium bronchisepticum. 
B. bronchiti'dis pu'tridae, the bacillus of 
putrid bronchitis; a form in motile rods. B. 
brun'neus, a non-pathogenic species from water, 
in small, non-motile, sporiferous rods. B. bucca'- 
lis. See Leptotrichia buccalis. B. bucca'lis 
max'imus, a saprophytic species from the 
mouth: in rods 2 to 10 p long and 1 p broad. 
B. bucca'lis minu'tus, a species from saliva: 
in rods 0.5 to 1 p long and slightly less in breadth, 
b. of buffalo plague, a variety of Bacillus bovi- 
septicus, producing a fatal disease in Asiatic buffalo 
and other animals. B. bulga'ricus. See Lacto- 
bacillus bulgaricus. B. biitsch'lii, a large ba- 
cillus found in the intestine of cockroaches. It is 
characterized by the fact that it forms two endog- 
enous spores, butter b. See Mycobacterium 
butyricum. buttersauer b. See Clostridium 
butyricum. B. butyl'icus, a zymogenic species 
found on cereals. B. butyr'icus. See Clostrid- 
ium butyricum. b. "C," a species found on 
hailstones, and producing a reddish-yellow color. 
B. cadav'eris, a pathogenic kind from the cad- 
aver after yellow fever. B. caeru'leus, a sapro- 
BACILLUS BACILLUS 
146 
BACILLUS 
phytic bacillus from water. B. caerulifa'ciens, 
a species from the conjunctival secretion of granular 
conjunctivitis. B. campes'tris. See Pseudo- 
monas campestris. B. cana'lis capsula'tus, a 
pathogenic species from sewer water: an en- 
capsulated and non-motile type. B. cana'lis 
parvus, a pathogenic species from sewer water 
in non-motile rods. B. can'dicans, a non- 
pathogenic species from the soil and from water: 
in motile rods, not sporiferous. b. of Canes- 
tri'ni, a pathogenic species from diseased bees. 
B. capsula'tus. See Bacterium capsulatum. B. 
capsula'tus muco'sus, a pathogenic species 
from the nasal secretions in influenza. B. cap- 
sula'tus sep'ticus, a form resembling B. pneu- 
monice from rag-sorters' disease and other anthrax- 
like affections. B. capsula'tus smith'ii, a 
saprophytic species from the intestines of pigs. 
B. carabifor'mis, a non-pathogenic species, in 
highly motile rods, from the stomach of a meat-fed 
dog. B. carbo'nis. See Clostridium chauvcei. 
B. carnic'olor, a species from water, producing 
a flesh-colored pigment. B. carota'rum, a non- 
pathogenic species from boiled carrots and beets. 
B. carotov'orus. See Erwinia carotovora. B. 
caten'ula, a non-pathogenic species from cheese, 
catgut b., a species from catgut, believed to be 
derived from the grass eaten by sheep. B. cau- 
cas'icus. See Lactobacillus caucasicus. B. 
cauliv'orus, a species producing a disease in 
potatoes. B. ca'vise fortu'itus, a non-patho- 
genic form from guinea-pigs inoculated with yellow 
fever. B. ca'vise sep'ticus. See Bacterium 
bronchisepticum. B. cavici'dus, a pathogenic 
form from human feces, very deadly to guinea-pigs: 
seen in small short rods. B. cavici'dus hav- 
anien'sis, a pathogenic species from the intes- 
tine of a yellow-fever patient, b. of Cazal and 
Vaillard, a pathogenic species from cheesy 
nodules in the pancreas and peritoneum. B. 
ce'reus, a water microbe, in motile rods: sporif- 
erous. B. ceylonen'sis, a species found in 
certain cases of tropical fever. B. chauvae'i. See 
Clostridium chauvcei. B. chlorhy'drici, a small, 
slender, motile bacillus found in the stomach in 
chlorhydria and hyperchlorhydria. B. chlor i'- 
nus, a non-pathogenic form from decaying vege- 
table matter. B. chol'erae an'atum, a species 
producing a disease like chicken cholera in ducks. 
B. chol eras asiat'icae (Koch, 1884). See Vibrio 
cholerce. B. chol'erae a'vium. See Pasteurella 
aviseptica. B. chol'erae columba'rum, a species 
producing a disease like chicken cholera in doves. 
Pathogenic for rabbits and guinea-pigs, but not for 
chickens. B. chol'erae gallina'rum. See 
Pasteurella aviseptica. B. chol'erae su'is. See 
Bacterium cholerce suis. B. choleroi'des, a mi- 
cro-organism of drinking-water closely resembling 
the spirillum of epidemic cholera. B. cholog'- 
enus, a pathogenic species from angiocholitis, 
renal abscess, and purulent meningitis. B. 
chovae'i. See Clostridium chauiai. B. chromo- 
aromat'icus, a pathogenic, yellow, odorous 
species from the carcass of a diseased dog or hog: 
in motile rods. b. of chyluria, a species found 
in chylous urine, and thought to be pathogenic of 
chyluria. B. cinc'tus, a zymogenic species from 
soil. B. cir'culans, a zymogenic species from 
water, in rods 2 to 5 g long and 1 n broad. B. 
circumscrip'tus, a species from the normal 
conjunctiva, producing orange-yellow cultures. 
B. cit'reus, a short, motile bacillus from the skin 
in seborrhea. Produces a yellow pigment. B. 
cit'reus cadav'eris, a non-toxic and non- 
pathogenic form from dead bodies, forming rows of 
non-motile rods and producing a yellow pigment 
and an odor of hydrogen sulphid. Class's b., 
Diplococcus scarlatince. B. clava'tus. See 
Corynebacterium hoffmanii. B. clavifor'mis, a 
pathogenic form from fermenting casein. B. 
cloa'cae, a non-pathogenic bacillus from sewage. 
B. cochlea'rius. See Clostridium cochlearium. 
B. co'li colorab'ilis, a pathogenic form from 
cholelithiasis and yellow fever. B. co'li com- 
munis. See Bacterium coli communis. B. co'li 
concen'tricus, a pathogenic species from the 
alimentary canal in yellow-fever cases. B. co'li 
dysenter'icus, a form of B. coli found in dys- 
entery. B. co'li icteroi'des, a pathogenic 
species from a yellow-fever corpse. B. co'li 
immob'ilis, a non-motile form of B. coli com- 
munis, seen in fresh cultures. B. co'li sim'ilis, 
a non-pathogenic species from the human liver 
after death, in the form of rods i to 3 g long and 
4 to 5 g broad. B. colomben'sis. Same as 
Bacterium columbense. b. of Colomiatti. See 
Corynebaclerium xerosis, comma-b. See Vibrio 
cholerce. B. conjunctivit'idis, a small, non- 
motile bacillus, 1 n long, causing acute epidemic 
conjunctivitis. B. conjunctivit'idis subtili- 
for'mis, a bacillus resembling B. subtilis, isolated 
from cases of conjunctivitis. B. constric'tus, 
a motile bacillus from hydrant water, producing a 
yellow pigment. B. copro'genes fcet'idus, a 
bacillus from intestines of pigs with hog-cholera: 
not motile. B. copro'genes parvus, B. 
pseudomurisep'ticus, a pathogenic and non- 
motile bacillus from human feces. B. coralli'- 
nus, a species from dust of air, producing coral-red 
pigment. B. cortica'lis, a zymogenic species 
from decoction of pine-bark. B. cras'sus spu- 
tig'enes, a pathogenic form from human sputum 
and oral secretions, in thick, short rods, often curved 
like a sausage. B. cunea'tus, a pathogenic 
species from the blood and viscera of animals dead 
of sepsis. B. cunic'uli pneumon'icus, a 
species resembling B. cholerce gallinarum: causes 
pneumonia and pleurisy in rabbits and guinea- 
pigs. B. cunic'uli sep'ticus, a species causing 
in rabbits a disease marked by edema, septice- 
mia, and inflammation of serous membranes. B. 
cuniculici'da. See Bacterium cuniculicida. B. 
cuniculici'dus immo'bilis, a bacillus like 
B. cholera: gallinarum: pathogenic for rabbits, but 
only slightly so for guinea-pigs and doves. B. 
cuniculici'dus mo'bilis, a pathogenic bacillus 
from the peritoneal exudate of a dead rabbit. 
B. cuniculici'dus thermoph'ilus, a bacillus 
resembling B. cholerce gallinarum: pathogenic for 
rabbits and guinea-pigs. It grows only above 180 
C. B. cuticula'ris, a species from water, pro- 
ducing a yellow pigment: in form of rods 2 to 3 n 
long and 0.3 to 0.5 u broad. B. cuticula'ris 
al'ba, a saprophytic species from water. B. 
cyaneophosphores'cens, a phosphorescent spe- 
cies from Australian seas. B. cyanog'enus. 
See Pseudomonas cyanogenes. B. cystifor'mis, 
a non-pathogenic form from the urine of patients 
with cystitis: in minute sporiferous and highly 
motile rods. Czaplewski's b., a bacillus 
isolated from the sputum of whooping-cough; it 
stains deeply at the poles, and is known as pole 
bacterium, b. "D," a saprophytic species from 
hailstones, b. of Dantec, a chromogenic species 
(red), producing the red color in salted codfish. 
Danysz's b. See Bacterium Danysz. B. deli- 
cat'ulus, a zymogenic species from sewage, b. 
of Demme, a pathogenic species from blood in 
erythema nodosum. B. dendrit'icus, a sapro- 
phytic species from water; colonies have a den- 
dritic, or tree-like, appearance. B. denitrif'- 
icans, organisms that reduce nitrates to nitrites 
and ammonia. Type I is an obligate anaerobe 
and Type II is a facultative anaerobe. B. denta'- 
lis vir'idans, a pathogenic variety from carious 
teeth, in single or paired rods, slightly curved. B. 
desidio'sus, a water bacillus, in motile rods: it 
is sporiferous and produces a yellow pigment. B. 
devo'rans, a non-pathogenic form from the soil 
and spring-water: in actively motile, jointed rods. 
B. diffu'sus, a non-pathogenic form from soil, 
in single or paired motile rods or in long filaments. 
B. diphtheTise (Klebs, 1883; Lbffler, 1884). 
See Corynebaclerium diphtheria'. B. diphthe rias 
a'vium, a disease causing a peculiar disease of 
birds in Tunis. B. diphthe rias columba'rum, BACILLUS 
BACILLUS 
B, acidi lactici, X 800. 
B. aegyptiacum (Koch-Weeks 
bacillus), X xooo. 
B. aerogenes capsulatus 
X 1000. 
B. anthracis, X 1000. 
B. botulinus, X 1000. 
B. Chauvaei (b. of symptomatic- 
anthrax), X 1000. 
B. colt X 500. 
B., comma, X 1000; I, ordi- 
nary form ; II, flagellate form. 
B. diphtheriae, X 1000. 
B. icteroides, X 1000. 
B. haemorrhagicus, X 1000. 
B. duplex (diplococcus of Morax 
and Axenfeld), X 1000. 
B influenzae in nasal se- 
cretion, X zooo. 
B. leprae, X 1000. 
B. mallei, X 800. BACILLUS 
147 
BACILLUS 
the microbe of the diphtheria of pigeons: seen in 
heaps or masses of short rods. B. diphthe'riae 
cunic'uli, a bacillus with rounded ends, 3 to 4 m 
long: causes a.necrosis of intestinal mucous mem- 
brane in rabbits. B. diphthe rias spu'rius, a 
form closely resembling B. diphtheria; from the 
healthy and diseased larynx, in immotile rods: 
not pathogenic. B. diphthe'riae vitulo'rum. 
See B. necrophorus. B. distor'tus, a form from 
milk and cheese. B. doderlein'i, the normal 
non-pathogenic bacillus of the vagina. B. du'- 
bries pneumo'niae, a pathogenic form from the 
sputum of pneumonia. Ducrey's b. See He- 
mophilus of Ducrey. B. du'plex. See Hemophilus 
of Morax-AxenfeliL B. dysente'riae, B. dysen- 
te'riae liquefa'ciens. See Bacterium dysenteric?.. 
B. dysente'riae vitulo'rum, a species producing 
fatal dysentery in calves. B. dysenter'icus, B. 
dyso'des, a form which causes the souring and 
spoiling of bread: in rods with filaments. Eberth ' s 
b. See Bacterium typhosum. B. e'gens, a bacillus 
resembling Clostridium aerogenes capsulatus, but 
culturally distinct from it, derived from a fatal case 
of gas gangrene. B. ellenbachien'sis, a bacillus 
of the soil having the power of fixing free nitrogen. 
B. emphysemato'sus, a pathogenic bacillus 
from pneumothorax and a gaseous ulcer in man. 
Produces inflammation in guinea-pigs and forms a 
gas. B. endocardit'idis capsula'tus, a patho- 
genic form from the viscera of cadavers of subjects 
affected with endocarditis; also from heart thrombi 
and various infarcts. It occurs in oval rods, often 
encapsulated, single or in pairs, also in curved 
filaments. B. endocardit'idis gris'eus, a 
pathogenic form from the heart in ulcerative endo- 
carditis: in short, motile rods. B. enterit'idis. 
See Bacterium enteritidis. B. enterit'idis 
muco'sus, a species which caused an epidemic 
of toxemia with depression. B. enterit'idis 
sporo'genes, probably a mixture of Clostridium 
aerogenes capsulatum and Clostridium sporogenes. 
B. entomotox'icon, a pathogenic species pro- 
ducing disease in squash-bugs. B. epiderm'idis, 
a species from the spaces between the toes, etc.: 
in sporiferous rods; probably not pathogenic. 
B. epilep'ticus, a bacillus found in the cecum 
to which has been attributed the causation of 
epilepsy (C. A. L. Reed, 1916). B. e'qui in- 
testina'lis, a species resembling B. coli from 
the intestine of a horse. B. equisep'ticus, 
the bacillus causing influenza in horses. B. 
ero'diens, a species used in tanning leather. 
B. erysipel'atos lep'oris, a form from the 
erysipelas of the rabbit. B. erysipel'atos 
su'is, a pathogenic form from the erysipelas of 
swine, b. of erythema nodosum, a patho- 
genic form occurring in the graver cases of ery- 
thema nodosum and in other lesions of the skin: in 
rods, often grouped. B. erythros'porus, a non- 
pathogenic microbe from decaying albuminous 
fluids and from water: seen in motile rods, produc- 
ing short filaments, reddish spores, and a greenish- 
yellow pigment. B. erzind'jan. See Bacterium 
paratyphosum. B. esterif'icans, a spore-form- 
ing species which in certain media develops the 
odor of fresh apples. B. esthace'ticus, a bacil- 
lus that decomposes cdycerin into acetic acid and 
alcohol. B. esthacetosuccin'icus, a species 
that decomposes mannite and dulcite into acetic 
and succinic acids. B. ethace'ticus, a zymo- 
genic species from sheep-dung. B. exanthemat'- 
icus, a pathogenic bacillus from a hemorrhagic 
infection with brown discoloration of the skin, 
b. ex pneumo-enterit'ide su'is. See Bac- 
terium cholera suis. B. ex'ilis, a species found in 
the stools of children, b. "F," a bacillus obtained 
from the blood of a case of epidemic diarrhea. 
It is a short coccobacillus, highly motile and 
flagellated. B. faculta'tus, a species from non- 
malignant mycosis of the pharynx. B. faeca'lis 
alcalig'enes. See Bacterium fecalis alcaligenes. 
B. fal'lax. See Clostridium fallax. B. fe'lis 
sep'ticus, a pathogenic species from cats' spu- 
turn. b. of Feseri. See Clostridium chauvai. 
b. of Fick. See Proteus vulgaris. B. fig'u- 
rans, a saprophytic form from air and water, 
filamentary b. See Lactobacillus bulgaricus. B. 
filamento'sus, a fungus causing a lesion sim- 
ilar to that of actinomycosis. It was found on a 
cutaneous nodule behind the ear, and appears as 
yellow or reddish grains. B. filifor'mis. See 
B. necrophorus. Finkler-Prior b. See Vibrio 
proteus. b. of Fiocca, a pathogenic form from 
the saliva of cats and dogs. B. fitzia'nus, a 
saprophytic form from infusions of hay: turns 
glycerin into alcohol, etc. B. flaves'cens, a 
water microbe, not motile and not sporiferous: it 
produces a yellowish pigment. B. flavocoria'- 
ceus, found in water: produces a yellow pig- 
ment. b. of Flexner, i. See Bacterium dys- 
enterice. 2. The pathogenic agent of poliomyelitis. 
B. fluores'cens. See Pseudomonas fluorescens. 
B. foet'idus, a pathogenic species from cow- 
dung, cheese, and from the sweat of the feet: 
motile, rod-like forms; the cultures have a highly 
unpleasant odor. B. foet'idus ozse'n&e. Same as 
Micrococcus lawenbergii. b. of fowl typhoid. 
See Bacterium sanguinarium. B. freudenrei'- 
chii, a species from the air and from abscesses:J it 
decomposes urea. B. friedenbergen'sis, a 
pathogenic species from sausage, liver, and flesh 
of horses: causes gastro-enteritis. Friedlander's 
b. (1883). See Bacterium mucosum capsulatum. 
B. ful'vus, a species from hydrant water: it 
forms a yellowish pigment and occurs in roundish, 
immotile rods. B. fus'cus, a species from water, 
forming a brown or yellow pigment in curved or 
straight, non-motile rods. B. fus'cus limba'- 
tus, a non-pathogenic form from rotten eggs, in 
short, motile rods. B. fusifor'mis, a long, slen- 
der, flagellate bacillus, with pointed ends, which is 
found along with spirilla in Vincent's angina. This 
organism is now regarded as one of the causative 
organisms of Vincent's angina. B. gallina'rum. 
See Pasteurella aviseptica. B. gangrae'nae seni'- 
lis, a pathogenic microbe, in non-motile rods, from 
the blood and fluids in cases of senile gangrene. 
Gartner's b. See Bacterium enteritidis. gas 
b. See Clostridium aerogenes capsulatum. B. 
gasofor'mans, a gas-forming microbe from water, 
in small, motile rods. B. gastromyco'sis o'vis, 
the bacillus of braxy in sheep. B. gastroph'ilus. 
See Lactobacillus bulgaricus. B. gayto'ni, a 
pathogenic species producing disease in honey- 
bees. B. genicula'tus, a non-pathogenic bacil- 
lus from the stomach. Ghon-Sach's b. See 
Clostridium septique. B. gingi vae pyo'genes, a 
pathogenic species from a foul mouth and from de- 
caying tooth-pulp. B. gingivit'idis, a bacillus 
found in scurvy: produces edematous abscesses in 
guinea-pigs and rabbits. B. glau'cus, a form 
from water, in slender, non-motile rods. B. 
glischrog'enes, an oval, motile bacillus, 0.6 to 
1.2 n long, from viscid urine. It is pyogenic, 
renders urine, milk, and saliva viscid, and 
produces an odorless gas. Gohn-Sachs' b. 
See Clostridium septique. B. gra'cilis, a non- 
pathogenic species from water. B. granu- 
lobac'ter pectinov'orum, an organism which 
ferments starch with the production of ace- 
tone and butyl alcohol, grass b. See Myco- 
bacterium. B. grave'olens, a non-pathogenic 
form from between the toes. Grawitz's b., 
a small, non-motile species from acne contagiosa 
of horses, b. of green diarrhea, a form in 
small, motile rods, from the stools of children 
with green diarrhea: injected, it will reproduce 
the same disease, together with urobilinuria. 
b. of green pus. See Pseudomonas pyocyanea. 
b. of grouse disease, a non-motile, rounded 
species, from the lungs of grouse with septicemic 
disease. Pathogenic for mice, guinea-pigs, and 
birds, b. of Guadeloupe cattle-farcy, 
a pathogenic species from the pus of a local specific 
contagion of domestic animals, b. of Guille- 
beau, a zymogenic and pathogenic species from BACILLUS 
148 
BACILLUS 
ropy milk and inflamed udders of cows. B. 
gummo'sus, a bacillus which converts cane- 
sugar, with the formation of mannite, glucose, 
and fatty acids B. hsemorrhag'icus neph- 
rit'idis, a pathogenic species from hemorrhagic 
nephritis. B. hsemorrhag'icus sep'ticus, 
a species from hemorrhagic sepsis in man: fatal 
for mice and rabbits. B. hansen'ii, a species 
from air and water, producing a yellow pigment. 
B. havanien'sis. See Erythrobacillus havani- 
ensis. B. havanien'sis liquefa'ciens, a 
species isolated from the skin, producing a blood- 
red pigment. Havelburg's b., a pathogenic 
bacillus found in the stomach and intestines of 
yellow-fever patients. Its specificity for yellow 
fever is undetermined, hay b., the Bacil'lus 
sub'tilis: easily obtained from infusions of hay. 
B. heminecrobioph'ilus, a pathogenic form 
from cheesy lymph-glands: in variously shaped, 
somewhat motile rods. b. of hemorrhagic 
infection, a pathogenic form from the blood and 
pustules of children dying with a hemorrhagic in- 
fection: seen in non-motile rods. B. hepat'icus 
fortu'itus, a saprophytic species isolated from 
the liver in a fatal case of yellow fever. B. hes'sii, 
a species that converts milk and bouillon into a 
mucilaginous substance. B. hirsu'tus, a large 
species from the normal conjunctiva. In puncture 
cultures it shows bristling projections radiating 
from the puncture, whence its name. B. his- 
tolyt'icus. See Clostridium histolyticum. Hoff- 
mann-Lbffler b. See Corynebacterium hof- 
manii. b. of hog-cholera. See Bacterium 
cholera suis. b. of hog-erysipelas. See 
Erysipelothrix erysipelatos suis. B. hom'inis 
capsula'tus, a pathogenic species from the 
corpse of a rag-picker. B. huep'pei, a bacillus 
from milk and butter, which forms butyric acid 
from milk-sugar. B. hyacin'thi, a species caus- 
ing disease of the leaves of hyacinths. B. hy- 
acin'thi sep'ticus. See Erwinia hyacinthi. B. 
hyal'inus, a species from water which reduces 
nitrates to nitrites. B. hydroph'ilus fus'cus, 
a species found in water, producing septicemia in 
mice, rabbits, dogs, fish, and frogs. B. ianthi'- 
nus, a species from water, motile and not sporif- 
erous: it produces a dark violet pigment. B. 
ichthyis'mi, an anaerobic organism isolated from 
fish which had caused poisoning. B. icterog'- 
enes capsula'tus, the B. pneumonia found in 
the spleen in jaundice. B. icteroi'des. See 
Bacterium icterotdes. B. implex'us, a saprophytic 
species from water. B. inca nus, a saprophytic 
form from marsh-water. B. in dicans, a short, 
capsulated rod form which produces indigo by fer- 
mentation with the glucosid indican, but in suit- 
able cultures assumes an orange, cinnabar, or even 
a red tint. B. in'dicus, a pathogenic form from 
the stomach of an Asiatic monkey, in short, highly 
motile rods. B. indigof'erus, a form from 
water, producing a blue pigment. B. indigog'- 
enes, a pathogenic species from the macerated 
leaves of indigo plants. It causes the fermentation 
which produces indigo: in motile rods, often 
forming chains within an envelope. B. infan- 
tilis, a saprophytic bacillus found by Herter in 
the intestines of cases of infantilism, b. of in- 
fectious abortion. See Bacterium abortum. 
B. infla'tus occurs as an intruder in various 
cultures: in motile rods and filaments. B. in- 
fluen'zse. See Hemophilus influenza. B. in- 
fluen'zse mo'tilis, a motile organism discov- 
ered by Plasencia in 1918 in cases of influ- 
enza in Havana. It produces influenzal symp- 
toms when injected into monkeys. B. influ- 
en'zse sim'ilis, a small, non-motile species 
from a case of rectal ulcer with secondary liver 
infection, b. of inoculation tetanus, a path- 
ogenic form from the wounds of inoculation tet- 
anus. B. intesti'nus mo'tilis, a saprophytic 
variety from the intestine of yellow-fever cadavers. 
B, inunc'tus, a saprophytic form from marsh- 
water. B. irides'cens, a micro-organism often 
found in drinking-water, b. of Jeffries, a 
saprophytic species from alvine discharges of sum- 
mer diarrhea, b. of jequirity ophthalmia, 
a saprophytic form from jequirity ophthalmia: in 
motile rods. b. of Johnes, the bacillus causing 
chronic dysentery in cattle. Karlinski's nasal 
secretion b., a short, plump bacillus with 
pointed ends, found in the nasal secretion of a 
Mohammedan, b. of Kartulis, a variety from 
the conjunctiva in Egyptian catarrhal conjuncti- 
vitis. Kedrowski's b., a streptothrix isolated 
by Kedrowski from cases of leprosy and considered 
by him to be a variation form of the mycobacterium 
of leprosy. Kitasato's b. See B. pestis bubon- 
ica. Klebs-Lbffler b. See Corynebacterium 
diphtheria. Koch's b. See Mycobacterium tu- 
berculosis. Koch-Weeks'b. See Hemophilus of 
Koch-Weeks. Koplik's b., a bacillus from the 
sputum in whooping-cough, believed, but not yet 
proved, to be the organism of that disease. Kou- 
basoff's b., a pathogenic form from carcinoma of 
the stomach. Kutscher's b., a pathogenic 
bacillus resembling the glanders bacillus, found in 
the nasal discharges of horses. B. lac mus, a 
species from water, affording a blue pigment. B. 
lactic olus fribergensis, a species resembling 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, found in nodules in 
the liver produced by injecting butter: causes 
tuberculous lesion in rats, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. 
B. lac'ticus, lactic-acid b. Same as Bacterium 
acidi lactici. B. lactimor'bi, a bacillus causing 
the disease "trembles" in animals, and milk sick- 
ness of man. It is an aerobic, spore-forming species, 
smaller than the anthrax bacillus. B. lac'tis 
aerog'enes. See Bacterium a'erogenes. B. lac'- 
tis al'bus, a microbe from milk, in which it 
causes active peptonization: it occurs in motile 
rods and long filaments. B. lac'tis cyano'- 
genes. See Pseudomonas cyanogenes. B. lac'tis 
erythrog'enes, a bacillus of red milk and of 
children's feces, forming oscillating rods. It pro- 
duces a yellow pigment. B. lac'tis pep'tonans, 
a zymogenic form from pasteurized milk. B. 
lac'tis pituito'si, a form from ropy milk: in 
curved rods or in cocci. B. lac'tis sapona'cei, 
a zymogenic species from soapy milk. B. lac'tis 
visco'si, a non-pathogenic form from ropy milk. 
B. lactopropylbutyr'icus, a bacillus some- 
times found in milk. B. lactorubefa'ciens, a 
bacillus which causes milk to become red and 
slimy. B. lacuna'tus. See Hemophilus of 
Morax-Axenfeld. B. larvae, the cause of 
American foul brood in bees. Laser's b., a 
pathogenic form from diseased mice. B. lateri'- 
ceus, a species from water, producing a brick-red 
pigment: in short, non-motile rods, often united 
into filaments. B. lep'oris letha'lis, a patho- 
genic form from the intestines of yellow-fever 
cadavers. B. lep'rae. See Mycobacterium lepra. 
(See Plate.) Lesage's b., a pathogenic form 
from the green, alvine discharges of infants. B. 
letha'lis, a pathogenic form reported from the 
spleen and lungs of patients dying of septicemia. 
Letzerich's b., a pathogenic form from the urine 
in nephritis. B. leucae'raise ca'nis, a pathogenic 
species from dogs dead of leukemia. B. le'vans, 
a species derived from fermented dough: it changes 
glucose into acetic and lactic acids, with the forma- 
tion of hydrogen and carbon dioxid. b. of lichen 
ruber, a species from the lymph of lichen ruber. 
B. limba'tus a'cidi lac'tici, a saprophytic 
variety from sour milk. B. limo'sus, a saprophy- 
tic species from sea-water and ooze. B. lioder'- 
mos, a microbe which peptonizes the casein 
of milk. B. liquefa'ciens, a non-pathogenic 
form from water, in short and thick motile rods. 
B. (or Pneumobacil'lus) liquefa'ciens bo'- 
vis, a pathogenic germ from the contagious pneu- 
monia of cattle. B. liquefa'ciens commu'nis, 
a saprophytic variety from yellow-fever feces. B. 
liquefa'ciens mag'nus, a non-pathogenic form 
obtained from mice inoculated with garden-soil: 
in motile rods with filaments and spores. B. BACILLUS 
149 
BACILLUS 
liquefa'ciens par'vus, a variety in non-motile 
rods, forming crooked filaments, from animals 
inoculated with soil. B. liq'uidus, a species 
from water, in motile rods: not sporiferous. B. 
litoral'is, a saprophytic species from sea-weed. 
B. liv'idus. See Bacterium lividum. b. of 
Loeb, a species from a case of keratomalacia in- 
fantum: pathognomonic for mice and guinea-pigs, 
but not for rabbits and pigeons: called also 
capsule bacillus of Loeb. Loffler's b. See 
Corynebacterium diphtheria. B. lubin'skii, a 
bacillus resembling Clostridium tetani. It causes 
necrosis, with pus and gas formation, in animals. 
In cultures it forms gas. B. lu'cens, a sapro- 
phytic form from water. Lucet's b., a patho- 
genic form from the dysentery of fowls. B. 
lupuliper'da, a zymogenic species from fer- 
menting hops. Lustgarten's b., a bacillus dis- 
covered in syphilis, and thought at one time to be 
the cause of that disease. B. lu'teus, a species 
from carious teeth and from air, producing a yellow 
pigment. B. lu'teus SU'is, a form from the se- 
rous fluids of swine: it produces a yellowish-red pig- 
ment. B. lymphangit'idis ulcero'sa, the ba- 
cillus which causes ulcerative lymphangitis or 
pseudofarcy in horses. B. lys'sse, a species from 
the saliva in rabies: said by some to be pathogenic. 
B. maddox'ii, a species from river water. It 
decomposes urea. B. ma'idis, a microbe from 
maize and from the stools of patients with pel- 
lagra: possibly not directly pathogenic, but it 
affords a pathogenic toxin. It is seen in actively 
motile rods. B. malariae, a form reported from 
the blood of malarial patients: probably patho- 
genic. B. mal'lei. See Pfeifferella mallei. B. 
marsilien'sis, a pathogenic form from ferrets 
and pigs with plague, b. of Martinez, a sapro- 
phytic species from the liver in yellow fever, b. of 
Massol. See Lactobacillus bulgaricus. B. 
mater nus, a large, non-motile bacillus found, in 
sputum, smegma, etc. B. max'imus bucca'lis, 
a large, Gram-positive organism found in the 
mouth and probably a form of Leptothrix innom- 
inata. B. mazun, the bacillus which causes the 
lactic-acid fermentation in Armenian mazun. b. 
of measles, a microbe from the blood in cases of 
measles: possibly pathogenic, b. of meat 
poisoning. See Bacterium enteritidis. b. of 
meconium, a saprophytic form from meconium. 
B. megathe'rium, a species from water, earth, 
boiled cabbage, etc., in motile rods, often forming 
chains: it produces a brown pigment. B. mela- 
nos'porus, a species from air producing a black 
pigment. B. meliten'sis. See Bacterium 
melitensis. B. melochlo'ros, a microbe from the 
dejections of an insect larva found in apples; 
pathogenic for rabbits. B. membrana'ceus 
amethysti'nus, a variety from water: in non- 
motile rods, variously grouped; it produces a deep 
violet pigment. B. meningit'idis aerog'enes, 
a species found in meningitis: causes meningitis, 
with pulmonary metastasis, in rabbits. B. men- 
ingit'idis purulen'tse, a pathogenic form from 
the pus of purulent meningitis: in motile rods, 
developing into long filaments. B. merismo- 
poedioi'des, a saprophytic form from sewage 
and soil. B. mesenter'icus fus'eus, B. 
mesenter'icus ru'ber, B. mesenter'icus 
vulga'tus, non-pathogenic forms from air and 
various sources: the last named acts vigorously 
upon milk and sugar, b. of Metchnikoff. 
Same as Vibrio metchnikoini. b. of Mil'ler, a 
germ from carious teeth; pathogenic: in non-motile 
rods, straight or variously curved. B. min'imus. 
See Erysipelothrix erysipelatos-suis. B. mirab'- 
ilis. See Proteus mirabilis. B. mollus'ci, a 
species from molluscum contagiosum, of doubtful 
pathogenicity, b. of Morax-Axenfeld. See 
Hemophilus of Morax-Axenfeld. B. morbif'icans 
bo'vis, a species from cows with puerperal fever. 
Pathogenic for animals. Morgan's b. See 
Bacterium morgani. B. mor'sule, an organism 
isolated in an epidemic of meat poisoning and 
nearly identical with Bacterium enteritidis. B. 
mortif'erus, an anaerobic, non-spore-fprming 
bacillus found in a fatal case of hepatic abscess in 
man. Much's b. See Mycobacterium tubercu- 
losis. B. muco'sus capsula'tus. See Bac- 
terium mucosum capsulatum. B. multifermen- 
tans. SeeClostridiummultifermentans. B. mul- 
tiformis trichorrhex'idis, a pathogenic form 
from hairs affected with trichorrhexis nodosa barbae. 
B. multipediculo'sus, a saprophytic species 
from air and water, in long, slender, non-motile 
rods. B. muripes'tifer, a pathogenic species 
causing a peculiar disease in field-mice. B. muri- 
sep'ticus. Erysipelothrix erysipelatos-suis. B. 
murisep'ticus pleomor'phus, a pathogenic 
form from uterine discharges of pyemia and from 
abscesses; in motile rods, cocci, or spirilla of many 
forms. B. muscoi'des, a form from soil, cow- 
dung, old cheese, and from dead mice; probably 
not pathogenic for man: in somewhat motile rods. 
B. muste'lae sep'ticus, a form in short rods 
with rounded ends, causing a disease of ferrets. 
B. mycoi'des, a zymogenic species from water, 
earth, hail, etc.: in motile rods joined to form inter- 
laced filaments. B. mycoi'des ro'seus. See 
Erythrobacillus mycoides roseus. B. neapolita'- 
nus, a pathogenic form from feces, air, etc., and 
especially from the stools and fluids of cholera 
patients. B. necroph'orus, a pathogenic form 
causing a large number of diphtheric and necrotic 
conditions in various animals. Called also B. 
diphtheria vitulorum and B. filiformis. B. neph- 
rit'idis interstitia'lis, a pathogenic bacillus 
from the urine of children with primary inter- 
stitial nephritis: rods of various lengths, frequently 
forming undulating filaments. Neumann's b., 
the B. meningitidis purulent a. Nicolaier's b. 
(1884). See Clostridium tetani. B. nitrobac'ter. 
See Nitrobacler. B. nitrosom'onas. See Ni- 
trosomonas. Nocard's b. See Bacterium psitta- 
cosis. B. nodo'sus par'vus, a saprophytic 
variety from the healthy urethra: in non-motile 
rods, generally paired. B. no'mse, a pathogenic 
form from noma: small rods, often developing into 
filaments. B. No'vyi, a thick, flagellated Gram- 
positive anaerobe, one of the important infective 
organisms of gaseous gangrene. B. nu'bilus, a 
saprophytic species from river water: in rotating 
rods, single or in chains. B. ochra'ceus, a form 
from river water, in motile rods; it is sporiferous 
and produces a yellow pigment. B. oedema'- 
tiens. See Clostridium edematis. B. oedem'- 
atis aero'bicus, a pathogenic variety from 
exudates in guinea-pigs, inoculated with garden 
soil. B. oedem'atis malig'ni. See Clostridium 
septique. B. oedem'atis thermop'ilus, a patho- 
genic species from cattle and diseased guinea-pigs. 
It is very resistant to heat. Ogata's b. See 
Bacterium dysenteries. B. o'lese, B. o'lese tu- 
berculo'sis. See Pseudomonas olece. B. olera'- 
ceae. See Erwinia oleracea. B. oligocarboph'- 
ilus. See Carboxydomonas oligocarbophila. B. 
oog'enes fluores'cens, a zymogenic species from 
rotten eggs: it produces a pale green pigment. B. 
oog'enes hydrosulphu'ricus, a zymogenic 
form from rotten eggs. B. oblyt'icus, a bacillus 
which decomposes egg-albumen and is capable of 
causing gastric fermentation, b. of Oppier and 
Boas. See Lactobacillus bulgaricus. B. orchit'- 
icus, a pathogenic bacillus from the nasal secre- 
tion of glanders. Injected subcutaneously into 
guinea-pigs it causes edema and paralysis. In- 
traperitoneal injections cause swelling of the tes- 
ticle, with the formation of nodes. B. ortho - 
butyl'icus, a zymogenic species from fermenting 
leguminous seeds, b. of osteomyelitis, a 
pathogenic form from cases of osteomyelitis. B. 
ova'tus minutis'simus, a pathogenic form from 
the skin in seborrhea: in pointed oval rods. B. 
ovisep'ticus, a bacillus causing hemorrhagic 
septicemia in sheep. B. oxalat'icus, a species 
from air, producing an ochrous pigment. B. 
oxyto'cus pernicio'sus, a pathogenic form in BACILLUS 
150 
BACILLUS 
short rods, from stale milk. B. ozae'nae See 
Bacterium ozana. B. panif'icans, a zymogenic 
species from bread. B. pantot'rophus. See 
Hydrogenomonas pantotropha. paracolon b. 
See Bacterium paracoli. B. paradox'us, a species 
obtained from cases of acute tropical dysentery, 
paradysenteric b. See Bacterium paradysenterice. 
B. paralu'ticus, a species isolated from cases 
of general paralysis and tabes dorsalis, and thought 
to be the etiologic factor in general paralysis. 
B. parasporo'genes. See Clostridium para- 
sporogenes. paratyphoid b., B. paratypho- 
sus. See Bacterium paratyphosum. Park-Wil- 
liams b., a strain of the Corynebacterium diph- 
theria used in preparing antitoxin. B. par'vus 
ova'tus, a pathogenic species from one form of 
swine-plague: in small, immotile, ovoid rods. B. 
pasteuria'nus. See Clostridium pasteurianus. 
B. peduncula'tus, a microbe in short, motile 
rods, from the urine of cystitis: it is pathogenic. 
B. peptofa'ciens, a zymogenic form from milk. 
Perez's b., an organism supposed to be the 
causative agent in ozena, and known as Cocco- 
bacillus fatidus nasi. B. perfrin'gens. See 
Clostridium aerogenes capsulatum. B. pertus'- 
sis. See Hemophilus pertussis. B. pes'tifer, a 
germ, in motile rods, from air: its cultures have a 
foul odor. B. pes'tis bubon'icae. See Pas- 
teurella pestis. B. pes'tis ca'vise. See Bac- 
terium pestis caviarum. Pfeiffer's b. See Hem- 
ophilus influenza. B. phase oli. See Pseudo- 
monas phaseoli. B. phasia'ni sep'ticus, a 
motile bacillus producing in pheasants a disease 
marked by somnolence, enteritis, and septicemia. 
B. phleg'monis emphysemato'sse. See 
Clostridium aerogenes capsulatum. B. phos- 
phores'cens, a photogenic species from sea- 
water. B. phosphores'cens gel'idus, a non- 
pathogenic form from phosphorescent fish: in 
small rods, which become ovate masses. B. 
phosphores'cens in'dicus, a photogenic va- 
riety from luminous sea-fish and from sea-water; 
in actively motile rods or filaments. B. phos- 
phores'cens indig'enus, a photogenic form 
from sea-water and from herrings: in actively 
motile rods, sometimes connected into filaments. 
B. phospho'reus, a photogenic species from sea- 
water and from fishes. B. phylloxerici'dus, a 
species destructive to phylloxera: found in soil and 
in manure. B. phytoph'thorus. See Erwinia 
phytophthora. B. pigmentoph'agus, a bacillus 
which is said to cause the hair to turn gray by de- 
vouring the pigment, b. of pink-eye. See 
Hemophilus of Koch-Weeks. B. pinna'tus, a 
zymogenic species from soil, plague b. See 
Pasleurella pestis. Plasoncia's b. See B. 
influenza motilis. B. pleurisep'ticus, a general 
name for bacilli of the hemorrhagic septicemia 
group. B. plica'tus. See Pseudomonas plicata. 
Plotz's b. See Fusiformis typhi exanthematici. 
B. plu'ton, the cause of European foul brood in 
bees. B. pneumo'nise. See Bacterium mucosum 
capsulatum. B. pneumo'nise cavia'rum. See 
Bacterium bronchisepticum. B. pneumon'icus 
ag'ilis, a variety from the vagus pneumonia of rab- 
bits: it has been found in complicated pneumonia 
of the human subject, and exists in various shapes. 
B. pneumon'icus liquefa'ciens, a short, non- 
motile bacillus from lungs of cattle which died of 
contagious pneumonia. It is pathogenic for 
cattle. From the cultures pneumobacillin is 
produced. B. pneumosep'ticus, a pathogenic 
form from the cadavers of those who have died 
of septic pneumonia: in short and straight, non- 
motile rods, pole b. Same as Czapelewski's b. 
B. polymyx'a, a form which causes fermentation 
in infusions of potato, lupine, etc.: in actively 
motile rods, also in long filaments. B. polypi- 
for'mis, a non-pathogenic form from cow-dung 
and from mice inoculated with soil: in somewhat 
motile rods. B. por'ri, a microorganism said to 
be the specific cause of warts, b. of potato-rot, 
a bacillus producing potato-rot. It splits dextrose 
into butyric and carbonic acids, and dissolves 
starch, b. of Preisz, Preisz-Nocard b.( a 
diphtheroid bacillus causing caseous lymphangitis 
in horses, cattle, and sheep. Same as B. pseudotu- 
berculosis. B. prodigio'sus. SeeErythrobacillus 
prodigiosus. B. pro'teus. See Proteus vulgaris. 
B. pro'teus fluores'cens. See Pseudomonas 
protea-fluorescens. B. pro'teus letha'lis, a mo- 
tile, capsulated nodulated bacillus from gangrenous 
lungs: pathogenic for mice and rabbits. B. pro'- 
teus sep'ticus, a pathogenic species from septic 
gangrene of the colon. It is flexile and motile, in 
somewhat curved rods of varying length. Cultures 
give off a fetid odor. B. pro'teus vulga ris. 
See Proteus vulgaris. B. pro'teus X io, an or- 
ganism at one time thought to cause typhus fever. 
B. pseudo-anthra'cis, a bacillus resembling 
that of anthrax. B. pseudobutyr'icus, a 
bacillus from milk, turning the latter bitter, 
pseudodiphtheria b. See Corynebacterium hoff- 
manii. b. of pseudo-edema, a pathogenic 
form from mice inoculated with garden-soil. B. 
pseudo-influen'zae, a pathogenic species from 
influenza, bronchopneumonia, and purulent otitis 
media. B. pseudopneumon'icus, a patho- 
genic form from the pus of abscesses, forming cocci 
or, more rarely, short rods. b. of pseudorabies, 
a slender bacillus from the cerebral fluid of a rabbit 
that died from inoculations of a rabid wolf: patho- 
genic. B. pseudosep ticus, a pathogenic form 
from mice inoculated with feces. B. pseudotet'- 
ani. See Clostridium pseudotetani. B. pseudo- 
tuber culo'sis, a pathogenic species from the 
viscera of a sick horse. It is probably the bacillus 
that produces pseudottfberculosis. B. pseudo- 
tuberculo'sis mu'rium, a bacillus resembling 
Corynebacterium diphtheria: pathogenic for mice 
and guinea-pigs. B. pseudo tuber culo sis 
o'vis, a species causing a caseous lymphadenitis 
in sheep and similar infections in the mouse and 
also in cattle. B. pseudotuberculo'sis sim- 
ilis, a pathogenic bacillus resembling B. pseudo- 
tuberculosis. B. pseudotypho'sus, a species 
resembling B. typhosus, from water, soil, and the 
body. B. psittaco sis. See Bacterium psitta- 
cosis. B. puerpera'lis, a pathogenic species 
from cases of puerperal sepsis. B. pullo'rum. 
See Bacterium pullorum. B. pul'pae pyo'genes, 
a pathogenic germ from gangrenous tooth-pulp: 
in pairs or chains of somewhat pointed rods. B. 
puncta'tus, a saprophytic species from water: 
in actively motile rods, b. of purpu ra hsemor- 
rhag'ica, a pathogenic species from hemorrhagic 
purpura. B. putrif'icus. See Clostridium 
putrificum. B. pyelonephrit'idis bo'vis, a 
bacillus causing pyelonephritis in cows. B. pyo- 
cinnaba'reus, a bacillus from red pus. It is 
poisonous, and produces a red-coloring pigment. 
B. pyocya'neus. See Pseudomonas pyocyanea. 
B. pyocya'neus foe'tidus is derived from pus 
of an anal abscess: it is a slightly motile form. B. 
pyo'genes anaero'bicus, a pathogenic species 
from foul pus of rabbits. B. pyo'genes bo'vis. 
Same as B. renalis bovis. B. pyo'genes cloaci'- 
nus, a bacillus from sewage: produces abscesses 
and septicemia. B. pyo'genes cras'sus. See 
Bacterium mucosum capsulatum. B. pyo'genes 
foe'tidus, a motile bacillus, 1.5 g long, from pus of 
anal abscess: produces septicemia in mice and 
guinea-pigs. B. pyo'genes foe'tidus liquefa'- 
ciens, a pathogenic species from brain abscess 
after otitis media. B. pyo'genes gingi'vse, a 
short, rounded bacillus from alveolar abscess and 
coating of teeth. It is pyogenic and fatal to mice, 
guinea-pigs, and rabbits. B. pyo'genes min- 
utis'simus, a variety from pus. B. pyo'genes 
so'li, a form from rats inoculated with garden- 
soil. B. radia'tus, a non-pathogenic form from 
exudates of animals inoculated with garden-earth: 
in motile rods. B. radicic'ola. See Rhizobium 
radicicola. B. radicifor'mis, a saprophytic 
form from water. B. radico'sus, a saprophytic 
form from water. Resembling B. anthracis. BACILLUS 
BACILLUS 
B. murkepticus, X 80a, 
B. mycoides, X 1000. 
B. oedematis maligni: I, ordi- 
nary form (X 1000) ; II, flagellate 
form (X 1200). 
B. pestis: a, agar culture ; 
b, bouillon culture (X 1000). 
B. pneumoniae, X Soo ; Fig. 
II, as seen in sputum. 
B. pseudodiphtheria, 
X 1000. 
B. pyocyaneus, X 800. 
B. septicamia hamorrhagica, 
X 1000. 
B. subtilis: I, X 1000; 
II, greatly magnified, show- 
ing flagella. 
B. tetani, X 1000, 
B. tuberculosis; I, X 1000; II, 
ramified or branching form. 
B. tussis convulsiva in 
sputum of whooping- 
cough patient, X 1000. 
B. typhosus. I, ordinary form 
!X rooo) ; II, flagellate form 
X iS°o). 
B. suipestifer, X 1000. 
B. Zopfii, X xooo. BACILLUS 
151 
BACILLUS 
B. ramo'sus, a zymogenic form from soil and 
water: in somewhat motile rods, often forming 
long chains and filaments. B. ramo'sus lique- 
fa'ciens, a saprophytic variety in water and air. 
B. ranici'da, a pathogenic form from water and 
from frogs dead of septicemia, rauschbrand b. 
See Clostridium chauvai. Reading b. See Clos- 
tridium "Reading bacillus." Reed's b. Same as 
B. epilepticus. B. rena'lis bo'vis, a bacillus re- 
sembling Corynebacterium diphtheria: produces 
nephritis with cystitis in the ox. B. reticula ris, 
a saprophytic form from sewage water. B. 
rheumatarthrit'idis, a species from joint 
effusions in articular rheumatism: not known to be 
pathogenic. B. rhini tis atroph'icus, a sapro- 
phytic species from nasal secretions in atrophic 
rhinitis. B. rhinosclero'matis. See Bac- 
terium rhinoscleromatis. B. rhusiopath'iae 
su'is. See Erysipelothrix erysipelatos-suis. Rog- 
er's b., a large bacillus found in certain cases of 
dysentery-like enteritis. Rosenbach's b., the 
B. saprogenes. B. rubefa'ciens, a species from 
water, producing a pale, rosy-pink pigment: in 
actively motile, jointed rods. B. rubel'lus, a 
species from guinea-pigs inoculated with street 
dust: it produces a pale-red pigment. B. ru'ber. 
See Erythrobacillus ruber. B. ru'ber in'dicus. 
See B. indicus. B. ru'ber kielen'sis, a variety 
from water, affording a blood-red pigment. B. 
ru'ber ova'tus, a phytopathogenic form from 
blighted sorghum. B. ru'ber sardi'nae, a species 
from sardines: forms a red pigment. B. ru'- 
bidus, a chromogenic species from water, pro- 
ducing a brownish-red pigment: in actively motile 
rods, often joined into filaments. B. ruden'sis, 
a species causing the rusty spots on American 
cheddar cheese. B. saccharobutyr'icus, a 
zymogenic form from certain kinds of cheese. B. 
saccharobutyr'icus immo'bilis. See Clos- 
tridium aerogenes. B. saliva'rius sep'ticus. 
See Diplococcus pneumonia. B. salmonici'dus, 
a bacillus producing a contagious disease of salmon, 
marked by suppuration and hemorrhage. Sana- 
relli's b. See Bacterium icteroides. B. san- 
guina'rium. See Bacterium sanguinarium. B. 
san'guinis ty'phi, a form obtainable from the 
blood of patients with typhus. B. sapro'genes, 
an organism in three forms (I, II, III), from the 
sweat of the feet, the pharyngeal follicles, pu- 
trescent pus, and gangrenous tissue: pathogenic. 
B. sapro'genes vi'ni, bacillus found in putre- 
fying wine. B. sarcemphysema'tis bo'vis. 
See Clostridium chauvai. B. satelli'tis, an organ- 
ism supposed by some to be the cause of typhoid 
ulcers of the intestine. B. savas'tonoi. See 
Pseudomonas olea. B. sca'ber, a non-pathogenic 
form from cheese. B. scarlati'nae, a Gram- 
positive bacillus obtained from the tonsillar exu- 
date in scarlet fever, b. of scarlet fever, a 
form from the throat in anginose scarlatina: not 
known to be pathogenic. B. schaf'feri, a form 
from cheese and fermenting potato: not patho- 
genic. Schaudinn's b., the Treponema palhda 
b. of Scheurlen, a non-pathogenic form from 
cancer and from the healthy mammary gland: in 
motile rods. b. of Schimmelbusch, the micro- 
organism of noma of cancrum oris. Schrbn's b., 
an acid-fast bacillus found in tuberculosis, b. of 
seborrhea, a form from the hair and scalp in 
seborrhea: it produces a brick-red deposit. B. 
segmento'sus. See Corynebacterium segmen- 
tosum. b. of senile gangrene, a pathogenic 
form from cases of senile gangrene. B. septicae'- 
mise, a saprophytic form from the blood. B. 
septice miae hemorrha'gicae. See Pasteu- 
rella aviseptica. B. sep'ticus acumina'tus, a 
pathogenic form from the blood and viscera of an 
infant after death from septicemia: a slender, 
non-capsulated coccus. B. sep'ticus agri'- 
genus, a pathogenic form from cultivated soil, in 
long, immotile rods. B. sep'ticus keratomala'- 
cise, a pathogenic form from various organs after 
death from sepsis following keratomalacia: in 
thick, short rods, often in pairs. B. sep'ticus 
pu'tidus, a pathogenic form from the cadaver 
of cholera. B. sep'ticus sputi'genus. See 
Diplococcus lanceolatus. B. sep'ticus ul'ceris 
gangraeno'si, a pathogenic form from various 
tissues and fluids of children dead of gangrenous 
ulcers: in motile, rounded rods or oval cocci. B. 
sep'ticus ves'icae, a pathogenic form from the 
urine of cystitis: in motile rods. B. ses'silis, a 
saprophytic form from the blood of neat cattle. 
B. shigae, Shiga's b. See Bacterium dys- 
enterice. B. sim'ilis, a species from human 
feces: not pathogenic. B. sim'ilis typhus, an 
organism from water resembling B. typhosus: it 
is. in motile rods, not sporiferous. B. smarag'- 
dinus fce'tidus, a pathogenic organism from the 
nasal discharges of ozena: in small, curvate rods. 
B. smeg'matis. See Myobacterium smegmatis. 
B. solanacea'rum. See Erwinea solanaceara. 
B. sol'idus, a pathogenic species, in actively 
motile rods, from mice inoculated with garden-soil. 
B. solita'rius, an organism from river water: in 
motile rods. B. sor'ghi, a bacillus causing the 
spots on sorghum leaves. B. spermig'enes, a 
form which is capable of developing spermin in 
liquid media: probably a variety of the tubercle 
bacillus. B. sphenoi'des. See Clostridium 
sphenoides. B. spinif'erus, a species from the 
skin in seborrhea: it forms straight or curved 
rods. B. spino'sus, a motile, non-pathogenic 
bacillus from fluids of guinea-pigs that died after 
being inoculated with garden-soil. B. sporo'- 
genes. See Clostridium sporogenes. B. sputi'- 
genus cras'sus, a pathogenic bacillus from the 
coating of the tongue and from sputum. B. spu- 
ti'genus ten'uis, a pathogenic species from spu- 
tum of catarrhal pneumonia and phthisis. Stern- 
berg's b. Diplococcus lanceolatus. B. steut'- 
zeri, a zymogenic species from the soil. B. 
stewar'ti. See Pseudomonas stesvarti. B.stolo- 
na'tus, a saprophytic species from water, in mo- 
tile rods. B. stolonif'erus, a species in marsh 
water. B. stria'tus al'bus, a form from 
healthy nasal mucus: in small, striate rods. B. 
stria'tus fla'vus, a variety from healthy nasal 
secretions. It produces a sulphur-yellow pigment: 
seen in small, thick, striated rods. B. stria'tus 
vir'idis, a saprophytic form from the soil. B. 
subfla'vus, a microbe from river water, in 
motile rods: not sporiferous. B. sub'tilis, a 
form from air, water, and soil: in motile rods re- 
sembling B. anthracis. B. sub'tilis sim'ulans, 
a saprophytic species in two forms from feces: in 
non-motile rods or in long filaments which break 
up into rods. B. sucina'cius, a small species 
from conjunctival secretions of a case of granular 
conjunctivitis. B. suici'dus. See Pasteur ella 
suiseptica. B. suipes'tifer. See Bacterium 
cholerce suis. B. su'is, a species characteristic of 
hog-cholera, seen as a coccus, developing into rods 
and filaments. B. suisep'ticus. See Pasteu- 
rella suiseptica. B. sulphhydro'genus, a zymo- 
genic form from water evolving H2S. B. sulphu'- 
reus, (I) a saprophytic form from urine; (II) a 
microbe from mud, producing a reddish-brown pow- 
der. B. superficia'lis, a form from river water: 
in motile rods. b. of swine erysipelas. See 
Erysipelothrix erysipelatos-suis. b. of swine- 
fever. See Bacterium cholera suis. b. sycosif'- 
erus fce'tidus, a pathogenic species from the 
beard of patients affected with sycosis, b. of 
symptomatic anthrax. See B. carbonis. B. 
syncy'anus, a species from water, affording a 
blue pigment. B. synxan'thus. See Pseudo- 
monas synxantha. B. syphil'idis, a species from 
syphilitic tissues, not certainly known to be 
pathogenic: it forms slender, and frequently 
sinuate, rods. B. tachyc'tonus, a species from 
feces of cholera morbus: produces septicemia in 
guinea-pigs and mice. B. tardig'radus, a sapro- 
phytic species from water: in slow-moving rods. 
B. tartar'icus, a zymogenic species from a fer- 
menting solution of calcium tartrate. B. ten'uis BACILLUS 
152 
BACK-STROKE 
sputi'genus, a pathogenic form from sputum. 
B. ter'mo. See Proteus vulgaris. B. termoph'- 
ilus, a form from the intestine and from sewers: 
it causes rapid putrefaction, but is not regarded as 
pathogenic. B. terri'genus, a zymogenic species 
from the soil. B. ter'tius. See Clostridium 
tertium. B. tet'ani. See Clostridium tetani. B. 
tetanomor'phus. See Clostridium tetanoides. 
B. thalassoph'ilus, a saprophytic form from 
sea-weed. B. thermoph'ilus, a probably non- 
pathogenic species from air, soil, water, sewage, 
feces, and the intestine in non-motile filaments. 
B. tholoi'deum, a pathogenic species from 
water, sewage, and the intestinal tract, b. Ill of 
von Hibler. See Clostridium septique. tim- 
othy b. See Timothy mycobacterium. B. tra- 
cheiph'ilus. See Erwinia tracheiphila. B. 
tremelloi'des, a species from water: it produces 
a yellow pigment. B. trem'ulus, a saprophytic 
species from vegetable infusions: a small, motile, 
flagellate form. b. of trichorrhexis nodo sa, 
a pathogenic species from hair affected with 
trichorrhexis nodosa. B. tuberculo'sis (Koch, 
1881). See Mycobacterium tuberculosis. B. tu- 
berculo'sis gallina'rum. See Mycobacterium 
tuberculosis avium. B. tuberculo'sis pis'eium. 
See Mycobacterium tuberculosis piscium. B. tu- 
ber ig'enus, a bacillus found in the nodules of 
roots of plants: believed to aid in the nutrition of 
the latter. B. tumefa'ciens. i. See Pseudo- 
monas tumefaciens. 2. An anaerobic, motile, Gram- 
positive organism found in cases of gas gangrene 
(W. J. Wilson, 1919). B. tumes'cens, a species 
of white cultures are obtained by exposing slices of 
boiled carrot to the air of a room. B. tus'sis 
convul'sivae. See Hemophilus pertussis. B. 
ty'phi, B. typho sus. See Bacterium typhosum. 
B. ty'phi exanthema'tici. See Fusiformis 
typhi exanthematici. B. ty'phi mu rium. See 
Bacterium typhi murium. B. tyro'genus, a 
motile, sporeless form obtained from cheese. B. 
ubiq'uitus, a species from air and water, prob- 
ably a variety of B. candicans. B. ul'ceris 
cancro'si, the pathogenic bacillus of soft chancre. 
It is 0.5 to 1.5 g long and occurs in parallel chains. 
B. ul'ceris mollis. See Hemophilus of Ducrey. 
B. ul'na, a non-pathogenic species from the 
healthy mouth: in straight rods, frequently paired. 
B. ure'se, a zymogenic species from soil, water, air, 
feces, urine, etc. B. urocepha'lus, a form from 
putrefying animal matters: it causes albuminoid 
fermentation, b. of Utpadel, a pathogenic 
species from the small intestine; it forms slowly 
motile rods, often arranged in twos or threes. 
B. vacuolo'sus, a species isolated from the in- 
testine in fatal cases of yellow fever. B. vagina'- 
lis, a saprophytic form from the healthy vagina. 
Vallon-Zaber b. See Clostridium aerogenes 
capsulatus. van Ermengen's b. See Clos- 
tridium botulinum, van Niessen's b., a bacillus 
cultivated by van Niessen ffom the blood of syph- 
ilitic patients. B. varico'sus conjuncti vae, a 
pathogenic species from the healthy conjunctiva: 
in non-motile rods, the smaller ones frequently 
varicose. B. vascula'ris, a saprophytic form 
from the viscera of a yellow-fever cadaver. B. 
vascula'rum, a saprophytic species from cada- 
vers of yellow fever, veil b., a species resembling 
Bacterium coli and Bacterium aerogenes, but dis- 
tinguished from them by growing less abundantly 
on gelatin. B. veneno'sus, a species found in 
water as motile rods: pathogenic for small ani- 
mals. B. venono'sus bre'vis, a species found 
in water, in the form of short, thick rods: patho- 
genic for small animals. B. veneno'sus invisi'- 
bilis, a species found in water, in the form of 
slender rods: pathogenic for small animals. B. 
veneno'sus liquefa'ciens, a species found in 
water: produces liquefaction of gelatin and is 
pathogenic for small animals. B. ventric'uli, a 
species isolated from the digestive tracts of dogs: 
in motile rods, grouped in twos and fours; it pep- 
tonizes albumin. B. vermiculo'sus, a non- 
pathogenic species from water: in the form of 
short chains and long filaments, b. of verruca 
peruana, Yzquierdo's bacillus; a species from 
the nodules of Peruvian wart. B. verticilla'tus, 
a zymogenic species from soil. Vignal's b. See 
Leptotrichia buccalis. b. of Vincent's angina. 
See Bacillus fusiformis. B. viola'ceus. See 
Pseudomonas violacea. B. viola'ceus fla'vus, 
a species from the conjunctiva of a case of gran- 
ular conjunctivitis. B. viola'ceus lauren'- 
tius, a variety from water, producing a violet 
pigment. B. vi'rens, a species from water, pro- 
ducing a green pigment. B. vires'cens, a non- 
pathogenic form from green sputum, in motile 
rods and long filaments. B. vir'gula, a bacillus 
which causes an albuminoid fermentation in 
casein. B. vir'idans, a species from water 
yielding a green pigment. B. virides'cens 
non-liquefa'ciens, a zymogenic form' from the 
soil. B. vir'idis, a species found in a Polyporus 
(fungus) and in water. B. vir'idis fla'vus, a 
form from water, producing a yellow-green pig- 
ment. B. vir'idis palles'cens, a zymogenic 
variety from air and water, producing a yellow- 
green pigment; in motile rods forming filaments. 
B. visco'sus. See Pseudomonas fluorescens. B. 
visco'sus cerevis'iae, a zymogenic form from 
ropy beer and milk. B. visco'sus lac'tis, a 
non-motile bacillus, 1.2 to 1.7 /x long. It renders 
milk viscid. B. visco'sus sac'chari, a zymo- 
genic form from ropy saccharine fluids. B. 
visco'sus vi'ni, a zymogenic form from ropy 
wine. B. vitulo'rum, a pathogenic form from 
the diphtheria of calves. B. vulga'ris. See 
Proteus vulgaris. Week's b. See Hemophilis of 
Koch-Weeks. Weigmann's b., a zymogenic 
speeies from bitter milk. Weil-Felix b., a ba- 
cillus of the proteus group isolated from the urine 
and feces of typhus patients. Welch's b. See 
Clostridium aerogenes capsulatum. white b., a 
saprophytic bacillus from water, wurzel b. See 
Bacillus radicosus. b. "X," a pathogenic species 
from yellow-fever cadavers. B. xantho'genus. 
See Pseudomonas synxantha. B. xero'sis. See 
Corynebacterium xerosis. B. xylinus. See Aceto- 
bacter xylinum. b. "Y," a form found in dys- 
entery and varying somewhat from B. dysenteric. 
yellow b., a saprophytic form from water. Yer- 
sin's b. See Pasteurella pestis. Yzquierdo's 
b., a bacillus which is the probable cause of ver- 
ruca peruana, or Carrion's disease. B. ze'se, a 
species which causes a bacterial disease of Indian 
corn. B. zen'keri, B. zop'fli. See Zopjius. 
zur-Nedden's b., a bacillus seen in ulceration 
of the cornea. B. zurnia'nus, a non-pathogenic 
form from water, 
back, bent. See camptocormia. bicycle-b., 
the rounded spine and humped shoulders of 
cyclers, functional b., a condition of fatigue 
and defective balance marked by more or less 
continuous lumbar pain, old man's b., a pe- 
culiar spinal or dorsal curvature due to paral- 
ysis of the dorsal extensors; paralytic _ kyphosis, 
poker b., spondylitis deformans, static b., any 
back trouble due to overstrain, improper position, 
slight injury, etc. trench-b., a condition of pain 
and rigidity in the dorsolumbar region due to in- 
jury in the trenches. 
back-cross. The mating of an Ft with one of its 
parents. 
backerin (bak'er-in) (named for de Backer]. A 
preparation of yeast for injection: phagocytic. 
backing (bak'ing). In dentistry, a piece 'of plat- 
inum or gold which backs up a mineral tooth. 
back-pressure. The pressure caused by the 
damming back of the blood in a heart chamber, 
due to a damaged heart valve: believed to be a 
factor in causing cardiac dilatation. 
back-raking (bak-ra'king). Extraction of im- 
pacted feces from the rectum of an animal. 
back-stroke. See under stroke. BACK-UP 
153 
BACTERIOPLASMIN 
baCk-up. The distance through which a high 
voltage current will pass in the atmosphere. 
BaCl2. Barium chlorid. 
bacony (ba'kun-e). Resembling bacon; streaked 
with fat, like bacon. 
bacteremia (bak-ter-e'me-ah). Bacteriemia. 
bacteria (bak-te're-ah), pl. of bacterium [L.]. 
1. The plural of bacterium. 2. In general, the 
Schizomyces or fission fungi and especially the 
Actinomycetales, with eight genera, and the Eu- 
bacteriales, with thirty genera. They are minute, 
one-celled organisms which multiply by dividing in 
<#ie, two, or three directions of space and have 
no chlorophil. acid-fast b., bacteria which re- 
tain anilin stains so tenaciously that they are not 
decolorized by 5 per cent, mineral acids, amotile 
b., bacteria which are incapable of motion, as the 
bacilli of anthrax, animalized b., bacteria that 
have been cultivated in the animal body or upon 
animal albumins, such as blood-serum, milk, etc. 
Such cultivation increases the virulence of the 
bacteria, chromo-b., chromogenic b., bac- 
teria which produce pigment, denitrifying b., 
bacteria that are able to reduce nitrates and 
nitrites to gaseous ammonia, infectious b., 
pathogenic bacteria producing specific infection, 
mantle b. See Chlamydozoa. mesophilic b., 
bacteria whose optimum temperature for growth 
lies between 150 and 400 C. nitrifying b. 
. See nitrobacteria, parasitic b., bacteria which 
multiply in the body or which are dependent on a 
living host for their nutrition, pathogenic b., 
bacteria which cause disease, psychrophilic 
b., bacteria whose optimum temperature for 
growth is at or near o° C. saprophytic b., 
bacteria which live in decaying organic matter and 
cannot multiply in the human body, sulphur 
b., bacteria which obtain their energy from the 
oxidation of hydrogen sulphid to free sulphur or 
even to sulphuric acid. They usually contain 
granules of free sulphur and some species contain 
a red pigment, thermophilic b., bacteria 
whose optimum temperature for growth lies be- 
tween 400 and 700 C. toxic b., bacteria which 
cause disease by producing poison or toxin, viru- 
lent b., pathogenic bacteria which multiply with 
extreme rapidity. 
Bacteriacese (bak"te-re-a'se-e). Formerly the 
Schizomycetes; as now used, a family of Eubacte- 
riales, including rod-shaped forms whose cells are 
regular, which do not produce endospores, and 
which when motile have peritrichous flagella. It 
includes Bacterium, Pasteurella, Hemophilus, 
Proteus, Chromobacterium, Erythrobacillus, Er- 
winia, Zopfius, and Lactobacillus. 
bacterial (bak-te're-al). Pertaining to, or caused 
by, bacteria. 
bactericholia (bak"ter-ik-o'le-ah). Presence of 
bacteria in the bile-ducts. 
bactericidal (bak"ter-is-i'dal) [bacterium + L. 
cce'dere to kill]. Destructive to bacteria. 
bactericide (bak-ter'is-id). 1. Destructive to bac- 
teria. 2. Any agent that destroys bacteria, spe- 
cific b. Same as bacteriolysin. 
bactericidin (bak-ter-is-i'din). A substance pres- 
ent in the body fluids which kills bacteria. 
bacteridium (bak-ter-id'e-um), pl. bacterid'ia. A 
term used as a generic name for certain bacilli. 
bacteriemia (bak"ter-i-e'me-ah) [Gr. /daKrrjpiou 
rod + alpa blood]. The presence of bacteria in the 
blood. 
bacteriform (bak-ter'if-orm). Resembling a bac- 
terium in form. 
bacterin (bak'te-rin). Same as bacterine. 
bacterination (bak-ter-in a'shun). r. Inoculation 
with bacteria; microbination. 2. Treatment with 
a bacterial vaccine. 
bacterine (bak'te-ren). Same as bacterial vaccine. 
See under vaccine. 
bacterinia (bak-te-rin'e-ah). The condition of 
unfavorable action which sometimes follows in- 
oculation with bacterial vaccines. 
bacterio-agglutinin (bak-te"re-o-ag-lu'tin-in). 
An agglutinin which causes the clumping of bac- 
teria. 
bacteriocidin (bak-te"re-o-si'din). A bactericidal 
substance present in the blood. 
bacteriodiagnosis (bak-te"re-o-di-ag-no'sis). Di- 
agnosis by bacteriologic examination of body tissues 
and fluids. 
bacteriofluorescin (bak-te"re-o-flu-o-res'in). A 
fluorescent coloring-matter produced by bacteria, 
bacteriogenic, bacteriogenous (bak-te"re-o- 
jen'ik, -oj'en-us). i. Bacterial in origin. 2. Pro- 
ducing bacteria. 
bacteriohemagglutinin (bak-te"re-o-hem-ag-lu'- 
tin-in). A hemagglutinin formed in the body by 
the action of bacteria. 
bacteriohemolysin (bak-te"re-o-he-mol'is-in). A 
hemolysin produced in the body by the action of 
bacteria. 
bacterioid (bak-ter'e-oid) [Gr. ^aKT^ptov rod + 
eiSos form]. 1. Resembling the bacteria. 2. A 
structure resembling a bacterium. 
bacteriologic, bacteriological (bak-te"re-o- 
loj'ik, bak-te"re-o-loj'ik-al). Pertaining to bacteri- 
ology. 
bacteriologist (bak"te-re-ol'o-jist). An expert 
in bacteriology. 
bacteriology (bak"te-re-ol'o-je) [Gr. 0aKT7)piov 
rod + X070S discourse]. The science which treats 
of bacteria. Ct. microbiology. hygienic b. Same 
as sanitary b. medical b., that branch of bacte- 
riology which treats of the micro-organisms that 
cause disease in the animal body, pathologic b., 
that branch of bacteriology which treats chiefly 
of the effects produced upon the animal body by 
the presence of bacteria and their toxins, san- 
itary b., bacteriology which deals chiefly with 
methods of disease prevention based upon the 
knowledge of the organisms causing disease and the 
manner in which they spread, systematic b., 
that branch of bacteriology which studies the 
classification and relationship of bacteria. 
bacteriolysant (bak"te-ri-ol'is-ant). An agent 
which causes bacteriolysis. 
bacteriolysin (bak"te-re-ol'is-in). An antibody 
formed in the blood as a result of infection or in- 
jection and capable of destroying the bacteria of 
the infection. 
bacteriolysis (bak"te-re-ol'is-is) [bacteria + Gr. 
Xuais solution]. The destruction or solution of 
bacteria within or without the living organism 
(Pfeiffer, 1894). 
bacteriolytic (bak-te"re-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to,, 
or producing solution or destruction of, bacteria. 
bacteriolyze (bak-te're-o-liz). To produce or 
cause bacteriolysis. 
bacterio-opsonin (bak-te"re-o-op-so'nin). An op- 
sonin that has an opsonic action on bacteria. 
bacteriopathology (bak-te"re-o-path-ol'o-je). 
The study or science of microorganisms in their 
relations to pathology. 
bacteriophage (bak-te're-o-faj). d'Herelle's name 
for a living ultramicroscopic parasite of bacteria 
causing lysis of the bacteria. 
bacteriophagia (bak-te"re-o-fa'ji-ah). The de- 
struction of bacteria by a lytic agent, either a 
bacteriophage or an enzyme; bacteriolysis. 
bacteriophagic (bak-te"re-o-faj'ik) [bacteria + 
Gr. <pa7eip to eat]. Having a phagocytic action on 
bacteria. 
bacteriophagy (bak-te-re-of'aj-e). Bacteriophagia- 
bacteriophobia (bak-te"re-o-fo'be-ah). A mor- 
bid fear of bacteria. 
bacterioplasmin (bak-te"re-o-plaz'min). Any 
one of a class of unchanged albuminous poisons, 
existing in the expressed juice of certain bacteria. BACTERIOPRECIPITIN 
154 
BACTERIUM 
bacterioprecipitin (bak-te"re-o-pre-sip'it-in). A 
precipitin produced in the body by the action of 
bacteria. 
bacterioprotein (bak-te"re-o-pro'te-in). Any one 
of a class of poisonous albuminous (protein) 
bodies, unaltered by heat, derivable from certain 
bacteria. The bacterioproteins produce fever, in- 
flammation, and suppuration, but are not thought 
to be specific. 
bacteriopsonic (bak-te"re-op-sonzik). Exerting 
an opsonic effect on bacteria. 
bacteriopsonin (bak-te"re-op'so-nin). Same as 
bacterio-opsonin. 
bacteriopurpurin (bak-te"re-o-pur'pu-rin) [Aac- 
terium fl- L. pur'pur purple]. The light-purple 
pigment of Beggiato'a roseopersici'na. 
bacterioscopic (bak-te"re-o-skop'ik). Pertaining 
to the microscopy of bacteria. 
bacterioscopy (bak"te-re-os'ko-pe) [Gr. 0aKrr]piov 
bacterium fl- aKoireiu to inspect]. The micro- 
scopic study of bacteria. 
bacteriosis (bak-te-re-o'sis). Any bacterial dis- 
ease. 
bacteriosolvent (bak-te"re-o-sol'vent). Causing 
lysis or solution of bacteria, also an agent which 
causes solution of bacteria. 
bacteriostasis (bak-te-re-os'tas-is) [bacteria fl- Gr. 
ar da is stoppage]. Prevention of the growth of 
bacteria, such as that produced by various dyes. 
bacteriostat (bac-te're-o-stat). An agent which 
stops the growth of bacteria. 
bacteriostatic (bak-te"re-o-stat'ik). Preventing 
or arresting the growth of bacteria. 
bacteriotherapy (bak-te"re-o-ther'a-pe) [bac- 
teria + therapy]. Treatment of disease by the 
introduction of bacteria into the system. 
bacterio toxic (bak-te"re-o-toks'ik). i. Toxic to 
bacteria. 2. Caused by bacterial toxins. 
bacteriotoxin (bak-te"re-o-toks'in) [bacteria fl- 
toxin], Any toxin destructive to bacteria. 
bacteriotropic (bak-te"re-o-trop'ik) [bacteria fl- 
Gr. rpoiros turning]. Turning or changing bac- 
teria: a term applied to that constituent of the 
serum that renders bacteria more liable to destruc- 
tion by the serum. Same as opsonic. 
bacteriotropin (bak-te-re-ot'ro-pin). A principle 
existing in certain immune sera and aiding phago- 
cytosis by acting on the bacteria. Same as opsonin. 
bacteriotrypsin (bak-te"re-o-trip'sin). One of 
the ferments produced by the cholera spirillum. 
bacteritic (bak-ter-it'ik). Caused by or character- 
ized by bacteria. 
Bacterium (bak-te're-um), pl. Bacteria [L.; Gr. 
PaKrnpiov little rod]. 1. A genus of schizomycetes 
of rod-like form. 2. Any non-animal micro-organ- 
ism; a microphyte. B. abor'tum, a partly an- 
aerobic organism found in the uterine cavity in 
cases of abortion in cattle and in the milk. It is 
a short, slender, pleomorphic, Gram-negative rod, 
and is thought to be the cause of the abortion. 
Called also Bacillus abortus, Bang's bacillus, and 
the bacillus of infectious abottion. B. abor'tum 
e'qui, an organism belonging to the hog-cholera 
group which is found in the vagina of horses which 
have aborted. When injected intravenously it 
produces abortion in mares. B. accidenta'lis 
tet'ani, a pathogenic species from pus in tetanus. 
B. ace'ti. See Acetobacter aceti. B. ac'idi 
lac'tici, an organism belonging to the colon- 
typhoid group and very commonly found in 
milk. It differs from B. coli in not ferment- 
ing dulcite and from B. lactis aerogenes in 
not fermenting saccharose. It sours milk. B. 
segypti'acum. See Hemophilus of Koch-Weeks. 
B. a'eris minutis'simum, a very small spe- 
cies from air, producing a canary-yellow pig- 
ment. B. aero'genes, a micro-organism found 
in milk and in feces. It closely resembles B. 
coli from which it can be distinguished by the ap- 
pearance on E. M. B. culture-medium. It rapidly 
curdles milk and is but slightly if at all pathogenic. 
Called also Gartner's bacillus and Bacillus lactis 
aero genes. B. al'lii. See Bacillus allii. B. 
anthroposep 'ticum, a species found in cases 
of osteomyelitis followed by septicemia. B. 
auranti'acum, a chromogenic species. B. 
aureofla'vum, a species from water, producing 
a golden-yellow pigment. B. be'tee, a species 
from diseased beets. B. bovisep'ticum, a 
pathogenic species from an infectious disease of the 
Asiatic buffalo: in immotile, but somewhat os- 
cillating, rods. B. breslavien'se, a pathogenic 
species from diseased meat. B. bristolen'se, 
Bristol b., a species intermediate in character 
between B. coli and B. lactis aerogenes: found 
in dead rats on a ship at Bristol, England, 
that came from Asia Minor. B. bronchi- 
sep'ticum, a short, Gram-negative, slowly mo- 
tile rod-shaped organism resembling B. fcecalis 
alcaligenes. It is found in the smaller bron- 
chi of dogs in the early stages of distemper. It 
may be the cause of the disease. Called also 
Bacillus bronchisepticus, Bacillus cavice septicus, 
and Bacillus pneumonite caviarum. B. brunneo- 
fla'Vum, a species from air, producing a brownish- 
orange pigment. B. brun'neum, a chromogenic 
form from putrid infusions of maize. B. buc'- 
culae fortu'itum, a saprophytic form from 
normal saliva. B. buc'culse minu'tum, a 
variety from healthy saliva, producing a bright- 
yellow pigment, b. of buffalo plague, a patho- 
genic form characteristic of a plague which affects 
the Asiatic buffalo. B. buty'ri colloid'eum, a 
microphyte from good and bad butter alike. B. 
capitulum, a species from infusions of albu- 
minous matter. B. capsula'tum, a pathogenic 
species from the blood of guinea-pigs. B. caten'- 
ula, a species from decaying blood and from 
spoiled wine. B. chol'erse columba'rum, a 
pathogenic form from cholera of wild pigeons. 
B. chol'erae gallina'rum. See Pasteurella 
aviseptica. B. chol'erae su'is, an organism be- 
longing to the paratyphoid group and at one 
time thought to be the cause of hog cholera. Called 
also Bacillus suipestifer, hog cholera bacillus, Ba- 
cillus aertrycke, and bacillus of swine plague. B. 
cholo'genes, a pathogenic form in angiocholitis 
with meningitis. B. cloacae. See Bacillus 
cloaca.. B. co'li commu'ne, B. co'li com- 
munis, a short, Gram-negative, motile organism 
giving a characteristic metallic luster on Endo's 
medium and on the E. M. B. medium. It is found, 
abundantly in the intestines and in the stools. It 
causes cocoanut-bud rot and may be pathogenic 
for man. Called also Escherich's bacillus. B. co'li 
commu'nior, an organism closely resembling Ba- 
cillus coli communis, except that it ferments sac- 
charose. B. columben'se, a bacterium isolated 
from the stools by Castellani and stated to cause 
one type of continued fever prevalent in the 
tropics. B. cuniculic'ida, the bacterium caus- 
ing rabbit septicemia. B. dan'ysz, one of the 
paratyphoid group of organisms which has been 
used for killing rats. B. decal'vans, a species of 
elongated or rounded form: said to cause alopecia 
areata. B. du'bium, a pathogenic species from 
feces. B. du'bium pneumo'nise, a pathogenic 
form from the rusty sputum of pneumonia. B. 
dysente'rise (Flexner), one of the colon-typhoid- 
dysentery group of organisms. It ferments dex- 
trose, mannitol and maltose, and is considered one 
of the causative organisms in dysentery. B. 
dysenteries (Shigae), one of the colon-typhoid- 
dysentery group of organisms. It ferments dex- 
trose only and is considered a causative organism 
in dysentery. B. dysente rise (Strong), one of 
the strains of the dysentery organism. It ferments 
dextrose, mannit, and saccharose, but not maltose. 
B. dysente'rise ("Y"), one of the strains of the 
dysentery organism. It ferments dextrose and 
mannit, but not maltose or saccharose. B. 
dysente'riae liquefa'ciens, a pathogenic form BACTERIUM 
155 
BAER'S CAVITY 
from cases of diphtheria in Japan. B. dysente'- 
riae vitulo'rum, a pathogenic form from the 
dysentery of calves. B. enterit'idis, one of the 
paratyphoid group of organisms which has caused 
epidemics of meat-poisoning. It is a motile, 
Gram-negative rod which ferments dextrose and 
mannit, with the formation of acid and gas, and 
xylose and rhamnose, with acid, but no gas. B. 
feca'lis alcalig'enes, one of the colon-typhoid- 
dysentery group of organisms closely resembling 
B. typhosum, except that it produces no acid on 
any sugar medium. It is not pathogenic. B. 
friedbergen'se, a pathogenic species from poi- 
sonous sausages. B. gallinaTium. See Pas- 
teurella aviseptica. B. glischrog'enes, an oval, 
motile species from viscid urine: it renders milk 
and bouillon ropy. B. gum'mis, a species which 
causes the gummy disease of orange, fig, and 
almond trees. B. hes'sii, one of the microphytes 
which cause the ropy state of milk. B. icterog'- 
enes, a pathogenic form from liver and blood in 
acute yellow atrophy of the liver and from typhoid 
stools. B. icteroi'des, one of the paratyphoid 
.group of organisms at one time thought to be the 
cause of yellow fever. Called also Sanarelli's 
bacillus. B. lac'tis visco'sum. See Bacillus 
lactis viscosi. B. le'vans. See Bacillus levans. 
B. lumino'sum, a luminous, pathogenic species 
from an amphipod crustacean, of the genus Sali'- 
trus, and from sea-water. B. lu'teum, a non- 
motile form from water, producing an orange 
pigment. B. maddox'ii, a zymogenic species 
from fermenting urine. B. martinez'ii, a patho- 
genic species from the liver of the yellow-fever 
cadaver. B. meliten'sis, a small, Gram-nega- 
tive, non-motile, non-sporogenic bacillus or coccus 
found in the milk and urine of goats and in cases of 
Malta fever in man. Called also the Bacillus of 
Malta fever. B. merismopoedioi'des, a species 
from sewage mud: in rods and in square colonies 
of cocci, mesophilicb. See under bacteria. B. 
morbil'li, a form found in the urine of patients 
with measles. B. morga'ni, a group of organ- 
isms belonging to the typhoid-dysentery group of 
bacteria which have been isolated from the stools 
of infants suffering with diarrhea. B. muco sum 
capsulatum, a short, plump, rounded rod found 
in some cases of pneumonia. It is Gram-negative, 
non-motile, capsulated, and associated with various 
pathologic conditions of the nose and accessory 
sinuses. Called also Friedlander's bacillus, Bacillus 
pyogenes crassus, and Baci/Jus pneumonia. B. 
ueapolita'num. See Bacillus neapolitanus. ni- 
trifying b., a bacterium which converts am- 
monia into nitrous or nitric acid or abstracts nitro- 
gen from the air and fixes it in the soil. B. o'leae, 
a species causing a disease of olive trees. B. 
ozse'nse, an organism, closely resembling Bac- 
terium mucosum capsulatum, which is found in 
cases of ozena. B. paratypho'sum A, one 
of the colon-typhoid-dysentery group of bac- 
teria which closely resembles B. typhosum, but it 
does not ferment zylose nor does it turn lead 
acetate agar dark. It produces a disease in man 
similar to typhoid fever, but usually mild. B. 
paratypho'sum B, one of the colon-typhoid 
dysentery group of organisms which ferments 
xylose and darkens lead acetate agar. It produces 
a disease in man similar to typhoid fever and often 
severe. B. paratypho'sum C, one of the 
colon-typhoid-dysentery group of organisms closely 
resembling B. paratyphosum B, except in its ag- 
glutinating properties. It was included in the 
compound antienteric vaccine used in the Serbian 
Army during the World War. B. periplane'tse, a 
species which causes a disease of cockroaches. 
B. pes'tis cavia'rum, one of the colon-typhoid- 
dysentery group of organisms which produces 
fatal epidemics of "pseudotuberculosis" among 
guinea-pigs. B. pneumosin'tes, a minute 
bacilloid micro-organism, isolated from anaerobic 
cultures of filtered nasopharyngeal secretion in in- 
fluenza (Olitzky). pole b. See Czaplewski's 
bacillus, under bacillus. B. psittaco sis, one of 
the colon-typhoid-dysentery group of organisms 
which produces a fatal disease of parrots and 
other birds. It closely resembles B. enteritidis. 
Called also Bacillus psittacosis and Nocard's ba- 
cillus. psychrophilic b. See under bacteria. 
B. pullo'rum, one of the colon-typhoid-dysen- 
tery group of organisms which causes the white 
diarrhea of young chicks. B. pyo'genes foe'- 
tidum. See Bacillus pyogenes fcetidus. B. 
radicicola. See Rhizobium radicicola. B. 
rhinosclero'matis, the organism found in 
and probably causing rhinoscleroma. It closely 
resembles B. mucosum capsulatum, but forms 
no gas in dextrose bouillon nor acid in lactose 
bouillon and never coagulates milk. B. rosa'- 
ceum metallori'des, a motile, rod-like spe- 
cies which produces gas in urine. B. san- 
guina'rium, one of the colon-typhoid-dys- 
entery group of organisms which causes the in- 
fectious leukemia of fowls or fowl typhoid. It is 
not motile and produces no gas in dextrose bou- 
illon. B. suipes'tifer. See B. cholera suis. 
B. sulphu'reum, a species found in mud and 
in urine: it breaks up the casein of milk and 
produces hydrogen sulphid; it occurs in slowly 
motile rods. B. tachyc'tonum, a pathogenic 
species from stools in cholera nostras. B. ter'mo. 
See Proteus, thermophilic b. See under 
bacteria. B. tholoi'deum, a species in short 
rods, from the intestinal contents of persons in 
health: pathogenic to certain animals. B. tu- 
laren'se, a very small rod-shaped organism, often 
capsulated, which produces a disease in rodents 
very similar to plague and probably transmissible 
to man by the bite of a fly (Crysops). It is also 
found in cases of alkali disease. B. ty'phi, B. 
typho'sum, an actively motile, Gram-negative, 
rod-shaped organism causing typhoid fever in 
man. It is found in the blood, stools, urine, and 
bile of such cases. Called also Eberth's bacillus. 
B. ty'phi-mu'rium, one of the colon-typhoid- 
dysentery group of organisms which causes fatal 
epidemics among mice. B. ure'se, a non-patho- 
genic, rod-like species from ammoniacal urine. 
B. viola'ceum, a species from putrefying solu- 
tions of egg-albumen, wool-sac b., a sarcina. 
B. xyli'num, a species from solutions of the carbo- 
hydrates, producing acetic acid. 
bacteriuria (bak"te-re-u're-ah) [Gr. f3a.KTr)piov rod 
+ ovpov urine]. The existence of bacteria in the 
urine. 
bacteroid (bak'te-roid) [Gr. 0aKrr)ptov rod + eibos 
form]. Resembling a bacterium; also a struc- 
ture resembling a bacterium. 
Bacteroides (bak-te-roi'de^. A genus of anaerobic 
bacteria. B. frag'ilis has been found in abscesses. 
B. fusifor'mis. Same as Bacillus fusiformis. 
bacteruria (bak-te-ru're-ah). Same as bacteriuria. 
bactoform (bak'to-form). A proprietary alcohol 
soap containing formaldehyd. 
bacto-peptone (bak-to-pep'ton). A proprietary 
peptone for bacterial culture. 
baculiform (bak-u'li-form) [L. bacu'lum rod + 
for'ma shape]. Rod-shaped. 
Badal's operation (bad-alz') [Antoine Jules Badal, 
French ophthalmologist, born 1840]. See under 
operation. 
badian (ba'de-an) [Persian]. See anise, Chinese. 
bael (ba'el) [East Indian; L. be'la]. The /E'gle 
mar'melos, or Bengal quince, a rutaceous tree of 
India. The root-bark and, especially, the half- 
dried, unripe fruit are valuable remedies in diar- 
rhea, etc. The ripe fruit is laxative. Dose of 
fluidextract, ^-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.). 
Baelz's disease (baltz'es) [Erwin von Baelz, Ger- 
man physician, 1845-1913]. See under disease. 
Baer's cavity, vesicle (barz) [Karl Ernst von Baer, 
Russian anatomist, 1792-1876]. See cavity and 
vesicle. BAERENSPRUNG'S ERYTHRASMA 
156 
BALLOTTEMENT 
Baerensprung's erythrasma (bar'en-sproongs) 
[F. G. F. von Baerensprung, German physician, 
1822-1865]. See under erythrasma. 
bag (bag). A sac or pouch. Barnes' b., a rub- 
ber bag for dilating the cervix uteri. Cham- 
petier de Ribes' b., a conic bag of silk or rub- 
ber for dilating the cervix uteri, ice-b., a bag 
filled with ice, for applying cold to the body. 
Petersen's b., an inflatable rubber bag inserted 
into the rectum so as co push up the bladder in the 
operation of suprapubic cystotomy. Politzer's 
b., a soft bag of rubber for inflating the middle 
ear. Voorhees' b., a rubber bag which can be 
inflated with water: used for dilating the cervix 
uteri, b. of waters, the membranes which in- 
close the liquor amnii of the fetus. 
Bagdad sore. See furunculus orientalis. 
Bahnung (bahn'ung) [Ger.]. See facilitation. 
Baillarger's band or layer (bi-yar-zhaz') [Jules 
Gabriel Francois Baillarger, French physician, 
1806-1891]. See under layer. 
Baillie's pill (ba'lez) [Mathew Baillie, English 
physician, 1761-1823]. See under pill. 
baker-leg (ba'ker-leg). Knock-knee, or genu val- 
gum. 
Baker's cyst (ba'kerz) [William Morrant Baker, 
British surgeon, 1839-1896]. See under cyst. 
bakkola (bak'o-lah). A fungus obtained from birch 
trees in Finland, used in the form of a decoction in 
the treatment of cancer. 
balance (bal'ans) [L. bi'lanx]. 1. An instrument 
for weighing. 2. Harmonious adjustment of 
parts; harmonious performance of functions, tor- 
sion b. 1. A weighing balance in which the 
scale-beam is supported by metallic ribbons which 
act by torsion. 2. An electrometer which acts 
by the twisting of a single fiber of the web of a 
silkworm. 
balaneutics (bal-an-u'tiks). The science of giving 
baths 
balanic (bal-an'ik). Pertaining to the glans penis 
or glans clitoridis. 
balanism (bal'an-izm) [L. balanis'mus\. Treat- 
ment with pessaries or suppositories. 
balanitis (bal-an-i'tis) [Gr. (da.Xa.vos the glans penis 
+ -ins inflammation]. Inflammation of the glans 
penis. It is usually associated with phimosis, b. 
circina'ta, a variety attributed to the presence 
of Spirocha'la balaniti'dis. b. diabet'ica, a 
variety caused by the irritation of the urine in 
diabetes, b. gangrseno'sa, a rapidly destructive 
infection producing erosion of the glans penis and 
often destruction of the entire external genitals. 
The infection is believed to be due to a spirochete. 
balanoblennorrhea (bal"an-o-blen-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
(da.Xa.vos glans + (dXevvos mucus + poia flow]. 
Gonorrheal inflammation of the glans penis. 
balanocele (bal'an-o-sel) [Gr. (daXavos glans + 
Kr)Xi) hernia]. Protrusion of the glans penis 
through a rupture in the prepuce. 
balanochlamyditis (bal"an-o-klam-id-i'tis) [Gr. 
(da.Xa.vos glans + xXapvs hood]. Inflammation of 
the glans clitoridis and hood. 
balanoplasty (bal'an-o-plas-te) [Gr. (ddXavos glans 
4- TtXdaa-eLV to form]. Plastic surgery of the glans 
penis. 
balanoposthitis (bal"an-o-pos-thi'tis) [Gr. /3dXa- 
vos glans + TroaOr) prepuce + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce, 
specific gangrenous and ulcerative b., an 
acute inflammatory disease of the glans penis and 
opposed surface of the prepuce, marked by ulcera- 
tions and sometimes by gangrene, with a flow of 
odorous pus, and caused by a spirochete. Called 
also fourth venereal disease. 
balanorrhagia (bal"an-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. (daXavos 
glans + pr/yvvvai to burst forth]. Gonorrheal 
balanitis with free discharge of pus. 
balantidiasis (bal"an-tid-i'as-is). Infection by 
parasites of the genus Balantidium. 
balantidiosis (bal-an-tid-e-o'sis). Balantidiasis. 
Balantidium (bal-an-tid'e-um) [Gr. ^aXavrlbiov 
little bag]. A genus of Protozoa of the subclass 
Ciliata. B. co'li (Malmsten, 1857), a round organ- 
ism, 7 to 10 ju in length, surrounded by short cilia. 
It is commonly present in the intestines of swine, 
has been found in ourang-utangs, and monkeys, 
and is occasionally found in man, where it is said 
to cause certain diarrheal troubles. Called also 
Paramoecium coli. B. minu'teum, a species 
resembling Balantidium coli, but smaller. 
balata (bal'at-ah). The inspissated juice or latex 
of Mim'usops globo'sa, a tree of tropical America: 
used much like india-rubber and gutta-percha. 
Balbiana (bal-be-a'nah). A genus of Sarcosporidia. 
B. gigan'tea is sometimes found in the esophagus of 
sheep; B. ri'leyi, in the muscles of ducks. 
balbuties (bal-bu'she-6z) [LJ. Stammering. 
baldness (bawld'nes). Lack or loss of hair. See 
alopecia, atrichia, calvities. 
Baldy's operation (bawl'dez) [John Montgomery 
Baldy, Philadelphia gynecologist, born i860]. See 
operation. 
baleri (bal-e'ri). A form of trypanosomiasis of 
horses, sheep, goats, and cattle in the French Sudan, 
caused by Trypanosoma pecaudi. The disease is 
marked by severe fever, swellings over the body, 
injection of the conjunctiva, and considerable 
emaciation. 
Balfour's disease (bal'forz) [George William Bal- 
four, British physician, 1822-1903]. Chloroma. 
Balfour's granule (bal'forz) [Andrew Balfour, 
physician in Khartoum, born 1873]. See under 
granule. 
ball. A large pill for veterinary use. chondrin 
b., one of the ball-like masses in hyaline cartilage, 
consisting of cells in a capsule. 
ball-and-socket joint. See enarthrosis. 
Ball's operation (bawlz) [Sir Charles B. Ball, Irish 
surgeon, 1851-1916]. See under operation. 
Ballet's disease, sign (bal-az') [Gilbert Ballet, 
French neurologist, 1853-1916]. See under dis- 
ease and sign. 
balling (bawl'ing). The formation of balls; specif- 
ically the formation of balls of nuclear matter in 
erythrocytes. 
Ballingall's disease (bal'ing-gawlz) [Sir George 
Ballingall, British surgeon, 1780-1855]. Myce- 
toma. 
balling-iron. A mouth-gag used while giving a 
ball and in mouth operations. 
ballism (bal'izm). A condition marked by jerking, 
twitching movements. 
ballistic (bal-is'tik). Pertaining to or caused by 
projectiles. 
ballistics (bal-is'tiks) [Gr. ^aXXetv to throw]. The 
science of the motion of projectiles. 
ballistophobia (bal-is-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. fdaXXetv to 
throw -]- <pb(dos fear]. A morbid dread of missiles. 
ballonnement (bah-lon-maw') [Fr.]. Same as 
ballooning. 
ballooning (bal-oon'ing). The operation of dis- 
tending any cavity of the body with air for thera- 
peutic purposes. 
ballotable (bal-ot'ab-1). Capable of showing 
ballottement. 
ballottement (bal-ot-maw') [Fr.]. The diagnosis 
of pregnancy by pushing up the uterus by a 
finger inserted into the vagina, so as to cause 
the embryo to rise and fall again like a heavy 
body in water, abdominal b., indirect b., 
that which is effected by the finger applied to 
the abdominal wall, direct b., vaginal b., 
that done by the finger in the vagina, b. of 
the eye, ocular b., the falling of opaque masses 
in a fluid vitreous after movements of the eyeball. BALM 
157 
BAND 
renal o., palpation ot the kidney by pressing one 
hand into the abdominal wall while the other hand 
makes quick thrusts forward from behind so as to 
throw the kidney against the anterior hand. 
balm (bahm) [Fr. baume]. 1. A balsam. 2. A 
healing or soothing medicine. 3. Any labiate 
plant of the genus Melis'sa, especially M. offici- 
na'lis: carminative and aromatic, b. of Gilead. 
1. Mecca balsam. 2. Canada balsam. 3. The 
resin of poplar buds. 
balmony (bal'mon-e). The scrophulariaceous 
herb, Chelo'ne gla'bra, of North America: anthel- 
mintic, tonic, and laxative. Dose of fluidextract, 
|-i dr. (2-4 c.c.); of decoction, 1-2 fl.oz. (29.5- 
59 c.c.). 
balneography (bal-ne-og'raf-e) [L. bal'neum bath 
+ Gr. ypa.<peiv to write], A treatise on baths. 
balneology (bal-ne-ol'o-je) [L. bal'neum bath + 
Gr. Xbyos discourse]. The science of baths and 
their therapeutic uses. 
balneotechnics (bal"ne-o-tek'niks). The art of 
preparing and administering baths. 
balneotherapeutics (bal"ne-o-ther-ap-u'tiks). 
Balneotherapy. 
balneotherapy (bal"ne-o-ther'ap-e) [L. bal'neum 
bath + Gr. Oepa.treta. treatment]. The treatment 
of disease by bathing. 
balneum (bal'ne-um), pl. bal'nea [L. for " bath "]. 
A bath. b. anima'le, animal bath. See under 
bath. b. are'nse. See sand-bath; also ammo- 
therapy and psammotherapy. b coeno'sum, b. 
lu'teum, a mud-bath. b. lac'teum, a milk- 
bath. b. pneumat'icum, an air-bath. 
balopticon (bal-op'tik-on) [Gr. ^dWecv to throw + 
bir-riKos pertaining to sight]. An apparatus for 
throwing the enlarged image of an opaque object on 
a screen. 
Bals. Abbreviation for balsam. 
balsam (bawl'sam) [L. bal'samum; Gr. ^abaapov]. 
A semifluid, resinous, and fragrant vegetable 
juice of many varieties. The balsams are resins 
combined with oils. b.-apple, the cucurbitace- 
ous plant, M omor' dica balsam' ina, with purgative 
and vulnerary fruit, b.-apple, wild, a North 
American cucurbitaceous plant, Echinocys'tis 
loba'ta: a popular vulnerary. Canada b., the 
oleoresin of fir, terebin'thina canaden'sis, procured 
from A'bies balsam'ea, the balsam-fir of North 
America: much used in microscopy and useful 
in catarrhal affections. Dose, 5 gr. (0.333 gm.). 
Caperrapi b., a fragrant balsam from LauVus 
gigan'teus: useful in chronic catarrhs, b. of 
copaiba. See copaiba, friars' b., the com- 
pound tincture of benzoin. See benzoin. gurz- 
jun b., an oleoresin from Dipterocar'pus la'vis, 
a tree of Indo-China: used for coughs, gonorrhea, 
and leprosy. Dose, 10-50 min. (0.666-3 c.c.). 
b. of Mecca, an oleoresin or resin from Balsamo- 
den'dr on opobal'samum: highly esteemed in Oriental 
regions, b. of Peru [L. bal'samum peruvi'- 
anum], an oleoresin from Myrox'ylon pere'ira, 
a tree of Salvador, in Central America: it is ex- 
pectorant, stomachic, and soothing. Dose of 
the emulsion, 10-15 min. (0.666-1 c.c.). It is 
used locally in chronic skin inflammations, b. 
of sulphur, 1 part of sulphur with 8 of olive 
or linseed oil: formerly used in pectoral disor- 
ders and as an application to ulcers. Dose, 
5-30 min. (0.3-2 c.c.). Tamaco'ari b., the 
product of a Brazilian species of Caraipa. b. 
of Tolu [L. bal'samum toluta'num], a resinous 
exudate from Myrox'ylon toluif'era, a tree of 
tropical America. It is stimulant, expectorant, 
and stomachic. Dose of the tincture, 10-30 min. 
(0.666-2 c.c.); of the syrup, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
Turlington's b., friars' balsam, umi'ri b., 
the product of Humir'icum balsamiferum, a tree 
of South America. Wade's b., compound tinc- 
ture of benzoin. 
balsamic (bawl-sam'ik) [L. balsam'icus]. Of the 
nature of a balsam. 
balsamo del deserto (bal'sam-o del des-er'to). A 
resin, probably from a variety of pine or fir of 
Mexico, recommended as a filling for root-canals. 
Balsamodendron (bal"sam-o-den'dron) [L.; Gr. 
PaXaapov balsam T- 8ev8pov tree]. A genus of 
old-world amyridaceous trees of many species, 
producing bdellium, myrrh, and other balsamic 
drugs. 
balsamum (bal'sam-um). Latin for balsam. 
Balser's necrosis (bahl'zerz) [August Balser, 
German surgeon]. See under necrosis. 
bal'teum vene'reum. See Venus' girdle, under 
girdle. 
Bamberger's albuminuria, disease, fluid, 
pulse, sign, etc. (bahm'ber-gerz) [Heinrich von 
Bamberger, Austrian physician, 1822-1888]. See 
under the nouns. 
Bamberger-Marie disease [E. Bamberger, con- 
temporary German physician; Pierre Marie]. See 
under disease. 
bamboo (bam-boo') [East Indian], The common 
name of many tropical tree-like grasses. Bam- 
bu'sa arundina'cea is alterative, anthelmintic, and 
depurative. b.-brier. See Smilax pseudo- 
china. 
banana (ban-an'ah). The fruit of Mu'sa sapien'- 
turn: said to be useful as an alterative and anti- 
tuberculous remedy. Dose of fluidextract, 10-20 
min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
band (band). Any part, structure, or appliance 
that binds, absorption-b's, dark bands in the 
spectrum due to absorption of light by the medium 
(usually a solid or liquid) through which the light 
has passed. Cf. absorption lines, under line. 
amniotic b., a strip of false membrane on the 
inner part of the amnion which sometimes con- 
stricts the fetus, anogenital b., a fetal fillet 
which is the rudiment of the perineum, atrio- 
ventricular b., auriculoventricular b. 
Same as bundle of His. axis-b., the primitive 
streak. belly-b., a flannel strip worn around the 
abdomen. Biets' b's, bands of linear ichthyosis, 
b. of Broca, a part of the primordial rhinen- 
cephalon close to the anterior perforated space. 
Clado's b., the suspensory ligament of the ovary 
covered with peritoneum, b's of the colon, lon- 
gitudinal muscular bands extending throughout the 
entire length of the large intestine. They are the 
mesocolic b., the free b., and the omental b. cor- 
onary b. Same as coronary cushion. See cushion. 
dentate b. See fascia dentata. free b., that one 
of the bands of the colon which is situated opposite 
the mesocolic band. Giacomini's b., the grayish 
band constituting the anterior end of the fascia 
dentata of the hippocampus, head-b., a strap 
that fastens a mirror to the forehead. Henle's 
b., fibers from the anterior aponeurosis of the 
transversalis abdominis muscle extending behind 
the rectus below Douglas' fold, horny b., the 
anterior part of the taenia semicircularis. ilio- 
tibial b., a part of the fascia lata that forms a 
sheath for the tensor fasciae muscle. Lane's b. 
See Lane's kink, under kink. Leonardo's b., 
a term proposed by Sudhoff for the moderator 
band of Reil, first delineated by Leonardo da 
Vinci. Maissiat's b. Same as iliotibial b. 
Matas' b., an aluminum band for temporarily 
occluding large blood-vessels in order to test 
the condition of the collateral circulation. Meck- 
el's b., a part of the anterior ligament fastening 
the malleus to the wall of the tympanum, meso- 
blastic b., a row of mesoblastic cells extend- 
ing the whole length of the embryo, meso- 
colic b., a muscular band extending longi- 
tudinally throughout the length of the colon at a 
place corresponding to the mesenteric insertion, 
moderatorb. Same as b. of Reil. omental b., 
a muscular band extending longitudinally through- 
out the length of the colon at the site of the ad- 
hesion of the great omentum, perioplic b., 
the band of secretor cells at the upper border of the BANDAGE 
158 
BAR 
hoof of animals. It secretes the periople. pho- 
natory b's, the vocal cords, or an artificial sub- 
stitute for them, primitive b., the transparent 
material in the axis of a nerve-tube. b. of Reil, 
a muscular fillet extending across the right ventricle 
of the heart, now regarded as forming one of the 
terminal parts of the bundle of His. See bundle of 
His. b. of Remak, an axis-cylinder. Simo- 
nart's b's, bands formed by adhesions between 
the amnion and the fetus, which have been drawn 
out by distention of the amniotic cavity with 
fluid, sinoventricular b. Same as bundle of 
His. Soret's b., a band in the violet end of 
the spectrum of hemoglobin, b. of Tarinus. 
Same as horny b. Vicq d'Azyr's b. See Bail- 
larger's layer, under layer. 
bandage (ban'dej). A strip or piece of gauze or 
other fabric for wrapping any part or member, 
abdominal b., a wide support worn about the 
hips during pregnancy, after an abdominal opera- 
tion, or by a corpulent person. A-S-E b., the 
third roller of Desault's bandage which forms a 
triangle the angles of which are located at the 
axilla, shoulder, and elbow. Barton's b., 
a double figure-of-8 bandage for fracture of the 
lower jaw. (See p. 159.) body-b., a strip to be 
wound repeatedly about the trunk and then fixed. 
Borsch's b., an eye bandage covering both the 
diseased and the healthy eye. capeline b., a 
bandage applied like a cap or hood to the head or 
shoulder or to a stump, chalk b., a bandage 
made immovable by stiffening with a mixture of 
chalk and gum. circular b., a bandage applied 
in circular turns about a part, crucial b. Same 
as T-bandage. demigantlet b., a bandage 
that covers the hand, but leaves the fingers un- 
covered. Desault's b., a bandage for a fractured 
clavicle. (See p. 151.) elastic b., a bandage of 
india-rubber for exerting continuous pressure 
upon a part. Esmarch's b., an india-rubber 
bandage applied to a limb from the distal part 
upward, so as to expel blood from the portion 
that is to be operated on. flgure-of-8 b., a 
bandage in which the turns cross each other like 
the figure eight (8). Fricke 'sb., strapping of the 
testicle for orchitis and epididymitis. Galen's 
b., a bandage with each end split in three pieces: 
the middle is placed on the crown of the head; 
the two anterior strips are fastened at the back of 
the neck; the two posterior ones, on the forehead; 
and the two middle ones are tied under the chin. 
Garretson's b., a bandage for the lower jaw, 
running above the forehead and back again to 
cross under the occiput, and ending under the chin. 
Genga'sb. Same as Theden's b. Gibson's b., 
a bandage for fracture of the lower jaw. (See p. 
159.) Hamilton's b., a compound bandage for 
the lower jaw, composed of a leather string with 
straps of linen webbing, hammock b., a bandage 
for retaining dressings on the head, consisting of a 
broad strip over the dressing and brought down over 
the ears. This strip is then held in place by a 
circular bandage around the head. Helio- 
dorus' b., a T-bandage. Hippocrates' b. 
Same as capeline b. Hueter's b., a spica 
bandage for the perineum, immovable b., a 
bandage for immobilizing a part. Kiwisch's b., 
a form of figure-of-8 bandage of both breasts to 
support and firmly compress them. Langier's 
b., a many-tailed paper bandage. Larrey's 
b., a many-tailed bandage with the edges glued 
together. Maisonneuve's b., a plaster-of- 
Paris bandage made of folded cloth held in 
place by other bandages, many-tailed b., a 
piece of roller to wihch slips are stitched in an 
imbricated fashion. Martin's b's, india-rubber 
strips for varicose veins, oblique b., a bandage 
applied obliquely up a limb without reverses, 
plaster b., a bandage stiffened with a paste 
of plaster-of-Paris, which sets and becomes very 
hard, pressure b., a bandage for applying 
pressure, protective b., a bandage for the pur- 
pose of covering a part or of keeping dressings 
in place, recurrent b., a bandage over the 
end of a stump, reversed b., one applied to a 
limb in such a way that the roller is inverted or 
half-twisted at each turn, so as to make it fit 
smoothly. Ribble's b., the spica of the instep. 
Richet ' s b., a bandage of plaster-of-Paris to which 
a little gelatin has been added, roller b., a 
simple continuous strip, to be applied spirally or 
circularly. Scultetus' b., a bandage applied in 
strips overlapping each other in shingle fashion, 
silica b., a bandage rendered firm by treatment 
with sodium silicate, spica b., a spiral bandage 
folded regularly on itself like the letter V. spiral 
b., a roller bandage applied spirally around a 
limb, spiral reverse b., a spiral bandage 
applied with reverses, in order better to adapt it 
to the part, suspensory b., a bandage for 
supporting the scrotum. T-b., one shaped like 
the letter T. Theden's b., a roller bandage 
applied from below upward over a graduated com- 
press to control hemorrhage. Thillaye's b., 
an arrangement of bandages for approximating 
the edges of the wound in the operation for hare- 
lip. Tuffnell's b., a roller bandage of cheese- 
cloth impregnated with a mixture of white of egg 
and flour. Velpeau's b., a bandage to support 
the arm in fracture of the clavicle. 
Bandl's ring (ban'dl) [Ludwig Bandl, German ob- 
stetrician, 1842-1892]. See under ring. 
bandy-leg (ban'de-leg). Bow-leg, or genu valgum, 
bang. Same as Cannabis indica. 
Bang's bacillus, method [Bernhard L. F. Bang, 
Danish physician, born 1848]. See bacillus and 
method. 
Bang's method [Ivar Bang, Swedish physiologic 
chemist, died 1919]. See under method. 
banian (ban'yan) [East Indian]. The Fi'cus 
bengalen'sis, an East Indian fig-tree, notable for 
its secondary trunks. The seeds and bark are 
tonic, antifebrile, and diuretic. 
Banti's disease (ban'tez) [Guido Banti, contempo- 
rary physician in Florence]. See under disease. 
banting, bantingism (ban'ting, ban'ting-izm) 
[from William Banting, English coflfin-maket, 1797- 
1878, who invented it, 1863]. The treatment of 
corpulence by a restricted diet, especially by the 
avoidance of food containing much saccharine, 
farinaceous, or oily matter. 
B. A. O. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Obstetrics. 
baobab (ba'o-bab). See Adansonia. 
baptin (bap'tin). An aperient glucosid from Bap- 
tis'ia tincto'ria. 
Baptisia (bap-tiz'e-ah) [L.; Gr. 0airTi^eip to dye]. 
A genus of leguminous plants. B. tincto'ria, an 
herb of North America, is cathartic, emetic, an- 
tiseptic, etc. It is used it typhoid and typhus 
fevers, in amenorrhea, and is applied locally to gan- 
grenous sores and ulcers. Dose of extract, 1-10 
gr. (0.066-0.666 gm.); of fluidextract, 2-20 min. 
(0.12-1.25 c.c.); of tincture, 10-30 min. (0.65- 
2 c.c.); of resin, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.). 
baptisin (bap'tiz-in). 1. A glucosid from Bap- 
tis'ia tincto'ria: a brownish powder, soluble in 
alcohol. In small doses it is tonic and astringent; 
in large doses, purgative; used in scarlet fever, 
chronic dysentery, etc. Dose, | gr. (0.033 gm.). 
2. A precipitate from the tincture of Baptis'ia 
tincto'ria. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.). 
baptitoxin (bap-tit-ok'sin) \Baptisia + Gr. to^ikou 
poison], A poisonous alkaloid from Baptis'ia 
bar (bahr). 1. The upper part of the gums of a 
horse, between the grinders and the tusks, which 
bears no teeth. 2. That portion of the wall of a 
horse's' hoof which is reflected posteriorly at an 
acute angle. 3. A unit of pressure, being a pressure 
by one megadyne per square centimeter. 4. A 
heavy wire used in prosthetic or orthodontic den- 
tal work, articulomachelian b., the cartil- 
aginous structure of the embryo from which the BAN DAGES 
159 
BANDAGES 
Gibson's bandage. 
Crossed bandage of the 
angle of the jaw. 
Recurrent bandage of the head 
Crossed figure-of-8-bandage 
of both eyes. 
Barton's bandage, or figure- 
of-8 of the jaw. 
Recurrent bandage of a 
stump. 
Desault's bandage, first roller. 
Desault's bandage, second roller 
Desault's bandage, third roller 
Velpeau's bandage. 
Figure-of-8 bandage of the breast. 
Spica of the shoulder. BANDAGES 
160 
BANDAGES 
T-bandage. 
Four-tailed and many-tailed 
bandages. 
Scultetus bandage. 
Y-bandage. 
Figure-of-8 bandage of the elbow. 
Demigantlet 
bandage. 
Gantlet bandage 
Spica of the Spiral reversed bandage of the upper 
thumb. extremity. 
Spica of the groin. 
Posterior figure-of-8 of both 
shoulders. 
Figure-of-8 of neck and axilla. 
Spiral reversed band- 
age of the lowet ex- 
tremity. 
Selva's thumb-bandage. 
Figure-of-8 bandage of 
the instep. 
Spica of the instep. Method of covering 
the heel. BAR'S INCISION 
161 
BAROSMA 
lower jaw is developed, b. of bladder. Same 
as Mercier's b. hyoid b's, a pair of cartilaginous 
plates forming the second visceral arch: a part of 
the hyoid bone is developed from them, lingual 
b., a heavy wire, usually of gold alloy, placed 
along the gums on the lingual surface of the teeth 
of the lower jaw or inserted into the lingual part 
of the base of a lower denture. Mercier's b., 
a ridge forming the posterior boundary of the tri- 
gone of the bladder, palatine b., a metal bar 
inserted into the palatine part of an artificial den- 
ture to give it strength, thyroid b's, the two 
visceral arches of the embryo which develop into 
the thyroid cartilage. 
Bar's incision (bahrz) [Paul Bar, contemporary 
French obstetrician]. See under incision. 
baragnosis (bar-ag-no'sis) [Gr. /dapos weight + a 
neg. + yvuais knowledge]. Absence of the power 
to recognize weight. 
Bfir&ny's sign, symptom, test (bah'rah-nez) 
[Robert Bdrany, otologist in Vienna, born 1876]. 
See symptom and test. 
baraquet (bah-rah-ka') [Fr.]. See influenza. 
Barbados aloes (bar-ba'doz al'oz). See under 
aloes. B.-leg. See elephantiasis. 
barbaloin (bar-bal'o-in). The aloin of Barbados 
aloes. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.). 
barberry (baFber-e) The shrub Ber'beris vulga'- 
ris and its fruit. 
barbers' itch (bar'berz itsh). Tinea sycosis, 
barbiero (bar-be-a'ro). See Lamus magistus. 
barbiers (bar-be-a'). A nervous disease occurring 
on the island of Reunion. 
barbital (bar'bit-al). Veronal as manufactured in 
the United States, b. sodium, the mono-sodium 
salt of barbital, which is more soluble than bar- 
bital. 
barbitone (baFbit-6n). Same as veronal. 
barbone (bar-bo'ne) [It. "bearded"]. A disease of 
buffalo which is sometimes transmitted to other 
animals, marked by edematous swellings on the 
body, fever, dyspnea, loss of appetite, and inflam- 
mation of the oral mucous membrane. It is a 
form of hemorrhagic septicemia and is caused by 
the Bacillus bipolaris bubalisepticus. 
barbotage (bar-bo-tazh') [Fr. barboter to dabble], 
Fillestre's method of spinal anesthesia in which the 
needle is inserted into the sacrolumbar space, and 
after the injection the piston of the syringe is moved 
to and fro several times. 
barbula hirsi (baFbu-la her7si) [L. "goat's beard"]. 
The hairs which grow on the tragus, antitragus, and 
incisura intertragica at the entrance of the concha 
of the ear. 
bar coo disease (bar-koo'). See under disease. 
Bard's sign (bardz') [Louis Bard, Swiss physician, 
born 1857]. See under sign. 
bardane oil (baFdan). A nearly solid oil from the 
seeds of the burdock, Arctium lap'pa. 
Bardinet's ligament (bar-de-naz') [Barthelemy 
Alphonse Bardinet, French physician, 1819-1874]. 
See under ligament. 
baregin (bah-re'jin). Same as glairin. 
baresthesiometer (baF'es-the-ze-om'et-er) [Gr. 
/dapos weight 4- alaO^ats perception + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for determining sensi- 
tiveness as to weight or pressure. 
Barety's method (bar-at-ez') [Jean Paul Barely. 
French surgeon, 1887-1912]. See under method. 
Barfoed's test (bahr'fedz) [Christen Thomsen 
Barfoed, Swedish physician, 1815-1899]. See 
under lest. 
baric (ba'rik). Pertaining to barium. 
barilla (ba-ril'ah). Impure sodium carbonate- 
pulverin. 
barium (ba're-um) [Gr. flapos weight]. A pale 
yellowish, metallic element belonging to the alka- 
line earths, whose salts are poisonous. Its atomic 
weight is 137.37; its symbol, Ba. b. arsenate, a 
salt, Ba3(AsO4)3: used in phthisis and in skin 
diseases. Dose, Sr- (0.004-0.016 gm.), b. 
bromid, a compound, BaBr3-|-2H3O: used as a 
heart tonic and in aneurysm and scrofula, b. 
carbonate, a poisonous salt, BaCO3: formerly 
used in medicine; now employed in preparing the 
chlorid, etc. b. chlorid, a compound, BaCl2- 
4-2H3O: a cardiac stimulant; has been used in 
sclerosis of the nervous tissues and in aneurysm. 
Dose, £-5 gr. (0.033-0.324 gm.), b. dioxid (L. 
ba'rii dioxi'dum), a salt, BaO3: used in pharmacy, 
b. hydrate, b. hydroxid, caustic baryta, 
Ba(OH)3, a crystalline salt employed as a test for sul- 
phates. b. iodid, used like potassium iodid. Dose, 
| gr. (0.008 gm.), b. loretinate, a neutral com- 
pound of barium and loretin, Ba(I.OH.C9H4N.- 
SO3)2 + 2|H3O; in lustrous, orange-hued needles, 
soluble in water, b. oxid, baryta, BaO. b. 
platinocyanid, a substance, BaPt(CN)4.4H3O, 
used for coating the screen of a fluoroscope, b. 
sulphate, a compound of barium and sulphuric 
acid, BaSO4, used as a pigment, also in roent- 
genology because of its opacity to x-rays. 
bark (bark) [L. cot tex]. The rind or outer cortical 
cover of the woody parts of a plant, tree, or shrub, 
calisaya b. See calisaya. cinchona b. See 
Cinchona, cotob. Seecoto. cusco b., the bark 
of a variety of Cincho'na pubes'cens. Jesuits' b., 
a popular name for cinchona. Peruvian b. See 
Cinchona. Santa Martha b., the bark of Cin- 
cho'na cordifo'lia. worm b., the bark of Andi'ra 
iner'mis and other trees of the same genus: anthel- 
mintic. 
Barker's pills (bar'kerz) [Fordyce Barker, Ameri- 
can physician, 1817-1891]. See under pill. 
Barkow's ligament (bar'kovz) [Hans L. Barkow, 
German anatomist, 1798-1873]. See ligament. 
barley (bar'le). The annual grasses, Hor'deum 
vulga're, H. dis'tichon, etc.; also their seed, a cereal 
grain: used for malting and distillation, and to 
some extent as a food-substance, b.-water, a 
decoction of pearl barley in water: used as a de- 
mulcent and a food in the diarrheas of infants. 
Barlow's disease (bar'lowz) [Sir Thomas Barlow, 
physician in London, born 1845]. See under 
disease. 
barm (barm). Yeast. 
Barnes' bag, curve, dilator, etc. (barnz) 
[Robert Barnes, English obstetrician, 1817-1907]. 
See bag, curve, dilator, etc. 
baro-electroesthesiometer (bar"o-e-lek"tro-es- 
the-ze-om'et-er) [Gr. fiapos weight + electric + Gr. 
alaOyais sensation + perpov measure]. An instru- 
ment to measure the amount of pressure at the 
time electric sensibility to tingling or pain is felt. 
barognosis (bar-og-no'sis) [Gr. (dapos weight + 
knowledge]. The faculty by which weight 
is recognized; weight-knowledge. 
barograph (ba/o-graf) [Gr. (dapos weight + 
ypatpetv to record]. A form of self-registering 
barometer. 
baromacrometer (bar"o-mak-rom'et-er)[Gr. (dapos 
weight + paKpos long + perpov measure]. An 
instrument for measuring and weighing new-born 
infants. 
barometer (bar-om'et-er) [Gr. (dapos weight + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for determin- 
ing the atmospheric pressure, aneroid b., one 
which contains no mercury or other liquid. 
barometrograph (bar-o-met'ro-graf) [Gr. flapos 
weight + perpov measure + ypa<peiv to record]. 
A self-registering barometer. 
baroscope (baFo-skop) [Gr. (dapos weight + 
aKOTrelv to observe], 1. A delicate form of barom- 
eter. 2. An instrument used in the quantitative 
determination of urea. 
Barosma (bah-roz'mah) [Gr. ^apvoapos strong- 
smelling]. A genus of rutaceous African plants. 
See Buchu. BAROSMIN 
162 
BASILAD 
barosmin (ba-roz'min). A concentration pre- 
pared from buchu: diuretic. Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.065- 
0.259 gm.). 
barotaxis (bar-o-tak'sis) [Gr. /Sapos weight 4- 
Ta^es turning]. Stimulation of living matter by 
change of the pressure relations under which it 
exists. 
barotropism (bar-ot'ro-pizm) [Gr. Bapos weight + 
Tpo-n-i) turning]. Barotaxis. 
barren (bar'en). Sterile; unfruitful. 
Barrier's vacuoles (bar-e-az') [Francois Margarite 
Barrier, French physician, 1813-1870]. Peri- 
bronchitic abscesses. 
Barry's retinacula (bar'ez) [Martin Barry, 
English biologist, 1802-55]. See retinaculum. 
barsati (bar-sat-e'). Same as leeches. 
Barth's hernia [Jean Baptiste Barth, German 
physician]. See under hernia. 
Bartholin's anus, duct, gland, etc. (bar'to- 
linz) [Thomas Bartholin, Danish anatomist, 1616- 
80]. See anus, duct, gland, etc. 
bartholinitis (bar"to-lin-i'tis). Inflammation of 
Bartholin's glands. 
Barton's bandage, fracture (baFtunz) [John 
Rhea Barton, American surgeon, 1794-1871]. See 
bandage, fracture. 
Bartonel la or Barto'nia bacillifor'mis. The 
blood-parasite causing Oroya fever. It is very 
minute; is found in the erythrocytes, and is prob- 
ably related to Piroplasma. 
Baruch's sign (bar'ooks) [Simon Baruch, physician 
in New York, born 1840]. See under sign. 
baruria (bah-ru're-ah) [Gr. Bapos weight + ovpov 
urine]. The passage of urine of a high specific 
gravity. 
barutin (bar-u'tin). A preparation of theobromin, 
barium, and sodium salicylate: used like digitalis. 
barye (bar'e). Same as bar, 3d def. 
baryecoia (baF'i-e-koi'ah) [Gr. jSapwjxofa]. Dul- 
ness of hearing. 
baryencephalia (bar"e-en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. Bapvs 
heavy + eyxe^aXos brain]. Dulness of the intellect. 
baryglossia (bar-e-glos'e-ah) [Gr. B^pbs heavy + 
yXuaaa tongue]. Thick, slow utterance of speech. 
barylalia (bar-e-la'le-ah) [Gr. Bapbs heavy -|- 
XaXia speech]. An indistinct and thick utterance. 
baryphonia (bar-e-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. B^pus heavy + 
ipwv-q voice]. Difficult utterance of speech. 
baryta, barytes (bar'it-ah, baFet-ez). Barium 
oxid, BaO; a poisonous alkaline earth. 
barythymia (bar-e-thim'e-ah) [Gr. Bapvs heavy + 
Ovpos mind]. Melancholia. 
barytic (bar'it-ic). Pertaining to or containing 
barium. 
basad (ba'sad). Toward a base or basal aspect. 
basal (ba'sal). Pertaining to or situated near a base, 
basculation (bas-ku-la'shun) [Fr. basculer to swing]. 
Replacement of a retroverted uterus by swinging 
it into its place. 
base (bas) [L. ba'sis; Gr. Bavis]. 1. The lowest 
part or foundation of anything. 2. The main 
ingredient of a compound. 3. In chemistry, the 
non-acid part of a salt: a substance which com- 
bines with acids to form salts. 4. In dentistry, 
that part of an artificial denture which rests on 
the mucosa of the mouth or jaw and to which the 
teeth are attached, acidiflable b., one which 
will unite with water to form an acid, aldehyde 
b., a base derived from an ammonia compound of 
aldehyde. alloxur b., alloxuric b., alloxur 
body. animal b., a ptomain or leukomain. 
cheoplastic b., in dentistry, the base of a den- 
ture produced by casting molten metal in a mold, 
b. of heart, the surface of the heart which is 
directed upward and backward and is formed by 
the auricles. It contains the openings of the pul- 
monary veins and the vena: cavae. hexone h's, 
diamino-mono-carboxylic acids formed by the 
hydrolysis of proteins, and containing six atoms of 
carbon. They include arginin, lysin, and histidin. 
Called also histone b's and diamino-acids. his- 
tone b's, the nitrogenous bases lysin, arginin, 
and histidin, which, combined in various propor- 
tions, form the histons and protamins. nucleinic 
b., alloxur body, pressor b., pressor substance. 
See substance, pur in b. See under purin. py- 
ramidin b., a base, such as cytosin, thymin, and 
urasil, formed from the splitting up of protein. 
Schreiner's b., spermin. xanthin b., alloxur 
body. 
basedoid (bas'id-oid). A condition resembling Bas- 
edow's disease, but without thyrotoxicosis. 
Basedowian (baz-e-do've-an). A person affected 
with Basedow's disease. 
basedowifled goiter (bas-e-dow'if-id). See under 
goiter. 
Basedow's disease (bas'id-oz) [Karl A. von Bas- 
edow, German physician, 1799-1854. He described 
the disease in 1840]. See disease. 
base hospital. See under hospital. 
Basel nomenclature. See B. N. A. 
basement (bas'ment). A fundamental part, b.- 
membrane. See under membrane. 
baseplate (bas'plat). A sheet of wax, gutta-percha, 
or other plastic material used in making trial 
plates for artificial dentures. 
bas-fond (bah-fond') [Fr.]. A fundus, especially 
that of the urinary bladder. 
Basham's mixture (bash'amz) [William Richard 
Basham, English physician, 1804-1877]. Mistura 
ferri et ammonii acetatis. 
basial (ba'se-al). Pertaining to the basion. 
basialveolar (ba"se-al-ve'o-lar). Extending from 
the basion to the alveolar point. 
basiarachnitis (ba"se-ar-ak-ni'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the basal part of the arachnoid. 
basiarachnoiditis (ba"se-ar-ak-noi-di'tis). Basi- 
arachnitis. 
basic (ba'sik). 1. Pertaining to or having the 
properties of a base. 2. Capable of neutralizing 
acids. 
basicaryoplastin (ba-se-kar"e-o-plas'tin) [Gr. 
B acres base + Kapvov nucleus + TrXdacreii' to form]. 
The basophil paraplastin of the nucleus. 
basichromatin (ba-sik-ro'mat-in). The basophil 
portion of the chromatin of a cell. 
basichromiole (ba-se-kro'me-ol) [basophil + chro- 
miole]. One of the basophil particles forming the 
chromatin of the nucleus. 
basicity (ba-sis'it-e). 1. The quality of being a 
base, or basic. 2. The combining power of an 
acid. It is measured by the number of hydrogen 
atoms replaceable by a base. 
basicranial (ba-sik-ra'ne-al) [Gr. /3d<rts founda- 
tion + Kpaviov cranium]. Pertaining to the base 
of the skull. 
basicytoparaplastin (ba"se-si"to-par-ah-plas'- 
tin). The basophil paraplastin of the cytoplasm. 
basidiospore (ba-sid'e-o-spor). A spore formed on 
a basidium. 
basidium (ba-sid'e-um), pl. basid'ia [Gr. /Jams 
base]. The spore-producing organ of certain of 
the higher fungi. 
basifacial (ba-sif-a'she-al) [L. ba'sis base + fa'cies 
face]. Pertaining to the lower part of the face. 
basigenous (ba-sij'en-us). Capable of forming a 
chemic base. 
basihyal, basihyoid (ba-se-hi'al, ba-se-hi'oid) 
[Gr. ff&ais foundation + voeefrqs hyoid]. The 
body of the hyoid bone; in certain of the lower 
animals, either of the two lateral bones that are 
its homologues. 
basil, sweet (ba'sil, swet). An aromatic labiate 
plant, Oc'ymum basil'icum. 
basilad (bas'il-ad). Toward the basilar aspect. BASILAR 
163 
BATH 
basilar (bas'il-ar) [L. basila'ris, from ba'sis base]. 
Pertaining to a base or basal part. 
basilateral (ba-sil-at'er-al). Both basilar and lat- 
eral. 
basilemma (ba-sil-em'ah) [Gr. (idcns base + 
Xippa rind]. Basement-membrane; also, the neu- 
roglia. 
basilic (ba-sil'ik) [L. basil'icus; Gr. PaoiXinds 
royal]. Important or prominent. 
basilicon (ba-sil'ik-on) [Gr. "royal"]. A popular 
name for various ointments, and especially for 
resin cerate. 
basilysis (ba-sil'is-is) [Gr. ^aais base + Xwns a 
loosening]. The crushing of the base of the fetal 
skull to facilitate delivery. 
basilyst (bas'il-ist). An instrument for performing 
a basilysis. 
basin (ba'sn). 1. The third ventricle of the brain. 
2. The pelvis. 
basinasial (ba-sin-a'ze-al). Pertaining to the 
basion and the nasion. 
basioccipital (ba"se-ok-sip'it-al). Pertaining to 
the basilar process of the occipital bone. 
basioglossus (ba"se-o-glos'us) [Gr. ^aaLs founda- 
tion + 7Xwaaa tongue]. The part of the hyo- 
glossus muscle which is attached to the base of the 
hyoid bone. 
basion (ba'se-on) [Gr. ^aaLs base]. The midpoint 
of the anterior border of the foramen magnum. 
basiotic (ba-se-ot'ik) [Gr. ^aacs base + ovs ear]. 
Noting a small bone of the fetus between the 
basisphenoid and the basioccipital bones. 
basiotribe (ba'se-o-trib) [Gr. pdais base + rpt^eiv 
to crush]. An instrument for crushing the fetal 
head in order to facilitate delivery. 
basiotripsy (ba'se-o-trip-se). The crushing of the 
fetal head. 
basiparachromatin (ba" se-par-ah-kro' mat-in). 
The basophil paraplastin of the nucleus. 
basiparaplastin (ba"se-par-ap-las'tin). The baso- 
phil portion of the paraplastin. See paraplastin. 
basiphobia (ba-se-fo'be-ah) [Gr. [3 dais step + 
<pb^os fear]. Insane dread of walking. 
basirhinal (ba-sir-i'nal) [Gr. /Barns base + pis 
nose]. Pertaining to the base of the brain and to 
the nose. 
basis (ba'sis) [L. and Gr.]. A base or lower part, 
b. cor'dis, the base of the heart, b. cra'nii, 
the base of the skull, b. cra'nii exter na [BN 
A], the external base of the skull, b. cra'nii 
inter na [B N A], the internal base of the skull, 
b. pedun'culi [BNA], the crusta of the crus 
cerebri; the ventral part of the cerebral peduncle 
composed of descending fiber tracts, b. pulmo- 
nis, the base of the lung. 
basisphenoid (ba-se-sfe'noid). An embryonic bone 
which becomes the back part of the body of the 
sphenoid. 
basisylvian (ba-se-sil've-an) [Gr. (Bams foundation 
+ sylvian], Pertaining to the basilar part of the 
sylvian fissure. 
basitemporal (ba-se-tem'po-ral) [Gr. /Bams base 
+ temporal]. Pertaining to the lower part of the 
temporal bone. 
basivertebral (ba-se-ver'te-bral) [Gr. /Barns base + 
L. verte'bra joint]. Pertaining to the centrum of a 
vertebra. 
basket (bas'ket). Same as basket-cell. See under 
cell. 
Basle anatomic nomenclature (bah'zl). See 
B. N. A. 
basometachromophil (ba"so-met-ah-kro'mo-fil) 
[basic + Gr. pera. beyond + xpwpa color + rpiXeiv 
to love]. Staining with basic dyes to a color differ- 
ent from that of surrounding substances. 
basophil, basophile (ba'so-fil) [Gr. ^ams base + 
rpiXeiv to love]. 1. A basophilic element. 2. 
Basophilic. 
basophilia, (ba-so-fil'e-ah). Degeneration of ery- 
throcytes in which there is development of baso- 
phil granules. Called also basic degeneration, 
granular degeneration, and punctate basophilia. 
basophilic, basophilous (ba-so-fil'ik, ba-sof'- 
il-us). Staining readily with basic dyes. 
basophobia (ba-so-fo'be-ah) [Gr. fiaais step 4- 
tpbfdos fear]. Morbid fear of walking. 
bass-deafness (bas-def'nes). Deafness to bass 
musical notes. 
Bassini's operation (bas-e'nez) [Edoardo Bassini, 
surgeon in Padua, born 1847]. See under opera- 
tion. 
Bassler's sign (bas'lerz) [Anthony Bassler, phys- 
ician in New York, born 1876]. See under sign. 
bassorin (bas'o-rin) [Bassora gum. See gum]. A 
vegetable mucilage, C6Hi0Os, from tragacanth and 
other gums. It is insoluble in water, though alkalis 
render it soluble. 
bast (bast). The inner part of the bark of various 
trees: used to a very limited extent in surgery. 
bastard (bas'tard) [Old Fr.]. 1. An illegitimate 
person; one born out of wedlock. 2. Illegitimate. 
3. Of inferior quality; not genuine. 
bastards (bas'tardz). A trade-name for an in- 
ferior grade of sugar. 
Bastedo's sign (bas-te'doz) [W. A. Bastedo, 
physician in New York, born 1873]. See under 
sign. 
Bastian-Bruns law (bas'tshan-broonz) [Henry 
Charlton Bastian, British neurologist, 1837-1915. 
See also Bruns], See under law. 
Bastianelli'smethod (bas-tyan-el'ez) [P. Bastian- 
elli, contemporary surgeon in Rome]. See under 
method. 
basyl (ba'sil) [Gr. ^dacs base + vXtj substance]. 
The electropositive element of a compound. 
basylous (bas'il-us). Acting as a base in chemic 
composition. 
Bateman's disease, etc. (bat'manz) [Thomas 
Bateman, English physician, 1778-1821]. See un- 
der disease, etc. 
bath (bath). Any yielding medium, as water, vapor, 
or sand, in which the body is wholly or partly im- 
mersed for the conservation or restoration of the 
health, acid b., one of water medicated with a 
mineral acid: it may check excessive sweating, 
air-b., the therapeutic exposure of the naked 
body to the air, which is usually warmed or charged 
with a vapor, alcohol b., the washing of a 
patient in dilute alcohol: it is defervescent and 
stimulant, alkaline b., the washing of a patient 
in a weak solution of an alkaline carbonate: useful 
in skin diseases, etc. alum b., the use of alum 
water as a bathing medium, animal b., the 
therapeutic application of a newly killed animal 
or its skin to a patient, aromatic b., a medi- 
cated bath in which the water is scented with a 
decoction of aromatic plants or volatile oils, 
arsenical b., a warm bath in a weak arsenical 
solution: useful in rheumatoid affections, astrin- 
gent b., a bath in a liquid containing tannic acid, 
alum, or other astringent, blanket b., a wet- 
pack in which the patient is wrapped in blankets, 
blood b., a bath in the freshly drawn blood of an 
animal, bog b., the therapeutic use of thin, 
peaty mud as a bath, borax b., one in water 
medicated with glycerin and borax, box-b., one 
in which the patient is inclosed, except his head, 
in a box, into which hot-water pipes extend, bran 
b., an emollient bath made of water in which bran 
has been boiled. Brand b. (1861), a cold bath in 
which the water is at 68° F., and in which the patient 
is gently massaged, brine b., a bath in brine: 
tonic and stimulant, buff b., a bath in which no 
garment is worn, cabinet b., a hot-air bath or 
an electric bath in which the patient is inclosed in 
a special cabinet, camphor b., a bath given in 
an atmosphere charged with the vapor of cam- BATH 
164 
BATHYESTHESIA 
phor. carbon dioxid b., a bath impregnated 
with carbon dioxid. Such are the Nauheim baths 
used in the Schott treatment, chemic b., an 
apparatus for regulating the temperature of various 
chemic processes by surrounding the substance to 
be heated with water, sand, or other material, 
cold b., one in which cold water is used, the tem- 
perature of the latter varying from 320 to 70° F. 
colloid b., a bath containing gelatin, bran, 
■starch, or similar substances, used for treatment of 
toxic dermatitis exfoliativa after arsphenamin in- 
jection. cool b., one in water from 6o° to 750 F. 
creosote b., a bath containing creosote, 3 dr., and 
glycerin, 4 oz., in 30 gallons of water: used in scaly 
skin diseases, douche b., the application of water 
to the body in a large jet. earth b., the placing 
of a patient in a mass of earth or of sand, usually 
warmed, electric b., one in which the patient 
receives either a succession of discharges of static 
electricity or an interrupted current. electro- 
therapeutic b., a therapeutic bath through 
which an electric current is passed at the time of 
using, electrothermal b., a bath of hot water, 
hot air, or vapor, during which the patient is ex- 
posed to the influence of either static or current 
electricity, emollient b., a bath in an emollient 
liquid, like a decoction of bran, fan b., fanning 
of the patient's wet body for reducing the heat of 
fever, faradic b., one in which the patient is 
treated with a faradic current. Finnish b., a 
modification [of the Russian bath, foot-b., a 
bath for 'the feet; a pediluvium. fucus b., 
a bath containing seaweed, or a decoction of 
it, imparting the effect of sodium chlorid and 
iodin. full b., one in which the patient's 
body is fully immersed in the water. gas- 
bubble b., a bath of water containing gases in 
such quantities that gas-bubbles are set free and 
ascend to the surface of the water, as in carbon 
dioxid and oxygen baths, gelatin b., an emol- 
lient bath in a very thin, hot solution of gelatin, 
glycerin b., a warm emollient bath in water 
charged with glycerin and gum acacia, gradu- 
ated b., one in which the temperature of the 
water is gradually lowered, hafussi b., a bath 
of hot water impregnated with carbon dioxid in 
which the hands and feet of the patient are im- 
mersed. half-b., a bath cf the hips and 
lower part of the body, herb b., one which 
is charged with a decoction of aromatic herbs, 
hip-b. Same as sitz-b. hot b., one in water from 
98° to 1120 F. hot-air b., one in air or vapor 
from roo° to 1300 F. hydro-electric b., a 
bath in water that is charged with electricity, 
immersion b., the sudden plunging of a patient 
into water for a short time, internal b., an 
injection of large quantities of water into the 
stomach or into the rectum, iron b., one in 
water charged with iron sulphate, medicated 
b., a bath variously charged with medicinal sub- 
stances. mercurial b., a bath in air charged 
with vaporized calomel or in a weak solution of 
mercuric chlorid. milk-b., one taken in milk: 
it is emollient, cosmetic, and perhaps slightly 
nutritive, moor b., a bath in water containing 
earth from a moor or from waste land, which is 
believed to be free from certain dangerous micro- 
organisms found in cultivated soil, mud-b., a 
bath in the mud of certain mineral springs or in 
the mud of a salt marsh, mustard-b., one 
taken in water more or less strongly charged with 
pulverized mustard. Nauheim b. See Schott 
treatment, under treatment, needle-b., a shower- 
bath in which the water is projected in a fine, 
needle-like spray, oil-b., one taken in warm 
olive oil, sometimes variously medicated: used 
mainly in Oriental countries, oxygen b., a bath 
impregnated with oxygen. See gas-bubble b. and 
perogen b. ozet b., an oxygen bath prepared 
from a generating mixture known as "oset." 
pack-b., one in which the body is packed in 
wet cloths, peat b., a bath in water (usually 
that of a mineral spring) charged with peat: it 
promotes perspiration and is sometimes power- 
fully discutient. permanent b., a therapeutic 
bath in which the patient is kept for a very con- 
siderable length of time, perogen b. See per- 
ogen. pine b., one taken in water medicated 
with a decoction or extract of pine needles or 
cones, rain-b., a form of shower-bath, reduc- 
ing b., a bath for reducing the temperature of the 
body. Russian b., a hot vapor bath followed by 
friction and a plunge in cold water, sand-b. i. 
The immersion of the body in dry, heated sand. 2. 
The covering of the body with the damp sand of the 
seashore. Sarason's ozet b., a bath made by 
adding to the water sodium hyperborate and man- 
ganese borate, the latter being spread in powder 
form over the surface of the water, resulting in the 
liberation of oxygen: used to diminish blood-pres- 
sure. Schott b. See Schott treatment, under 
treatment, sea-b., a bath in the water of the sea. 
sea-water b., a bath in the water of the sea; 
usually warmed or heated, sheet-b., the appli- 
cation of wet sheets to the body, shower-b., a 
bath in water which falls upon the body in a fine 
spray, sitz-b., a bath in which the patient sits 
in the tub, bathing only the hips and buttocks, 
slime b., a bath in ooze taken from a pond or 
river, sponge-b., one in which the patient's 
body is rubbed with a wet sponge, stimulating 
b., a bath containing tonic, astringent, or aromatic 
substances; used for stimulating the body, sul- 
phur b., a bath in which potassium sulphid or sub- 
limed sulphur is added to the water, sun-b., the 
exposure of the naked body to the rays of the sun. 
surprise b., the sudden plunging of an insane 
or hysteric patient into cold water: an obsolete 
procedure, sweat b., any bath given to promote 
sweating, temperate b., one in water from 750 
to 85° F. tepid b., one in water from 85° to 
920 F. tub b., a bath taken in a tub large enough 
to receive the whole body. Turkish b., a bath in 
which the bather is placed in a succession of rooms 
of increasing high temperature, then rubbed or 
massaged, and given a douche of warm followed by 
cold water, vapor-b., the exposure of the body 
to steam, to vaporized alcohol, or the like, warm 
b., one taken in water of from 900 to 1040 F. (32.20- 
400 C.). water-b., in chemistry, a vessel contain- 
ing water for immersing bodies to be heated to a 
temperature not above the boiling-point of water, 
bathesthesia (bath-es-the'ze-ah). Bathyesthesia. 
bathmic (bath'mik). Pertaining to bathmism. 
bathmism (bath'mizm) [Gr. (ia0pbs threshold]. 
The force which controls the processes of nutrition 
and growth. 
bathmotropic (bath-mo-trop'ik) [Gr. 0a0pbs 
threshold -|- rpkireiv to turn]. Influencing the re- 
sponse of tissue to stimuli. A term used to 
designate supposed fibers in the cardiac nerves 
which affect the excitability of cardiac muscles, 
negatively b., lessening response to stimuli, 
positively b., increasing response to stimuli. 
bathmotropism (bath-mot'ro-pizm) [see bath- 
motropic]. Influence on the excitability of muscle 
tissue. 
bathoflore (bath'o-flor) [Gr. fiatibs depth + 
fluorescence]. A substance which decreases the in- 
tensity of fluorescence of a compound. Cf. auxo- 
flore. 
bathophobia (bath-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 0iL0os height + 
<p60os fear]. Morbid dread of high objects. 
bathyanesthesia (bath"e-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
0a0vs deep + anesthesia]. Loss of deep sensi- 
bility. 
bathycardia (bath-e-kar'de-ah) [Gr. fiafivs deep + 
Kapbla heart]. A low position of the heart due to 
anatomic conditions and not to disease. 
bathyesthesia (bath"e-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 0a0vs 
deep 4- alaOpais sensation]. Deep sensibility; the 
sensibility in the parts of the body beneath the 
surface, such as muscle sensibility and joint 
sensibility. BATH Y HYPERESTHESIA 
165 
BEBEERIN 
bathyhyperesthesia (bath"e-hi-per-es-the'se-ah) 
[Gr. fdaOvs deep + hyperesthesia]. Increased sensi- 
tiveness of deep structures of the body. 
bathyhypesthesia (bath"e-hip-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
SaOvs deep + hypesthesia]. Decreased sensitive- 
ness of the deep structures of the body. 
batonoma (bat-o-no'mah) [Gr. fiarbs height + 
w/xa]. A tumor caused by the activities of vege- 
table life of a higher order than the bacteria 
(Merk). 
batophobia (bat-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. /Jaros height + 
<p60os fear], 1. Morbid dread of high objects, as 
buildings, mountains, etc. 2. Acrophobia. 
batrachoplasty (bat'ra-ko-plas-te) [Gr. fdarpaxos 
frog 4- TrXdaaetJ' to form]. A plastic surgical 
operation for the cure of ranula. 
batracin (bat'ras-in) [Gr. /darpaxos frog]. A 
highly poisonous principle from the skin of Phyllo'- 
bates chocoen'sis, a South American amphibian. 
It is used as an arrow-poison. 
battar ism, battarismus (bat'ar-izm, bat'ar-iz- 
mus). Stuttering or stammering. 
battery (bat'er-e). A set or series of cells which 
afford an electric current. For the different va- 
rieties of battery see cell, caustic b., a battery 
employed in galvanocautery. dynamo-b., a 
dynamo-electric generator; a machine for con- 
verting mechanic into electric force, electric 
b., an apparatus consisting essentially of a set or 
series of cells for producing an electric current, 
faradic b., one which produces an induced or 
faradic current, galvanic b., one which affords 
a chemically produced current, primary b., one 
in which a number of primary cells are combined, 
so as to act together, secondary b., the com- 
bination of several storage-cells, storage-b., an 
apparatus for storing electricity. 
Battey's operation (bat'ez) [from R. Battey, of 
Georgia, 1828-1893]. See operation. 
Battley's sedative (bat'lez) [Richard Battley, 
English chemist, 1770-1856]. See under sedative. 
B. A. U. Abbreviation for British Association Unit. 
Baudelocque's diameter (bo-dloks') [Jean Louis 
Baudelocque, French obstetrician, 1746-1810]. See 
diameter. 
Baudelocque's operation (bo-dloks') [Louis 
Auguste Baudelocque, French obstetrician, nephew 
of preceding, 1800-1864]. See under operation. 
Bauhin's gland, valve (bo'anz) [Gaspard Bauhin, 
Swiss anatomist, 1560-1624]. See gland and valve. 
Baumes' law (bo-maz') [Jean Baptiste Baumes, 
French physician, 1777-1828]. See under law. 
Baume's scale (bo-mez') [Antoine Baume, French 
chemist, 1728-1804]. See under scale. 
Baumgarten's stain (bowm'gar-ten) [P. von 
Baumgarten, German pathologist, born 1848]. See 
under staining. 
baunscheidtism (bown'shid-tizm) [from Karl 
Baunscheidt, the inventor]. Treatment of chronic 
rheumatism, etc., by acupuncture with the re- 
vulsor, an instrument furnished with many fine 
needle-points, which are dipped into an irritant 
liquid, as oil of mustard. 
bavarol (bav'ah-rol). A reddish-brown, aromatic, 
tarry liquid: its 5 per cent, solution is used as a 
disinfectant. 
bay (ba), lacrimal. The depression at the inner 
canthus of the eye in which the lacrimal canal- 
iculi lie. 
Bayard's ecchymoses (ba-arz') [Henri Louis 
Bayard, French physician, 1812-1852]. See 
ecchymosis. 
bayberry (ba'ber-e). 1. The fruit of Lau'rus 
no'bilis, the European laurel. 2. The wax-myr- 
tle, Myri'ca cerif'era, and its berry. 3. The tree, 
Pimen'ta ac'ris, and its fruit: allspice or pi- 
menta. 
baycuru (bi-koo-roo'). The powerfully astringent 
root of Stat'ice brazilien'sis, a plant of tropical 
America. Dose of fluidextract, 5-30 min. (0.333- 
2 c.c.). 
Bayer 205. A German proprietary trypanosoma 
dye of unknown composition. It is a white powder 
freely soluble in water and is said to be extra- 
ordinarily effective in trypanosome infections. ' 
Bayle's disease (balz) [Gaspard Laurent Bayle, 
French physician, 1774-1816]. See under disease. 
bayogo (ba-yo'go). A vine of the Philippines, 
Enta'da scan'dens: a decoction of the wood is used 
by the natives in skin diseases. 
bayonet-leg (ba'un-et-leg). Ankylosis of the 
knee which follows an uncorrected backward 
displacement of *he tibia and fibula. 
bay-rum (ba-rum). See spiritus myrcice. 
bazin (ba'zin). Molluscum contagiosum. 
Bazin's disease (bah-zaz') [Antoine Pierre Ernest 
Bazin, French dermatologist, 1807-1878]. See 
under disease. 
B. C. Abbreviation for bone conduction. 
B. D. Abbreviation for base of prism down. 
bdellepithecium (der'e-pi-the'se-um) [Gr. ^beWa. 
leech + evr10 eves application]. A kind of artificial 
leech or tube used in leeching. 
bdellium (del'e-um) [L.; Gr. dSeXXiop]. The 
fragrant gum-resin of Balsamoden'dron mu'kul, a 
tree of India, and B. africa'num; also a gum from 
Boras'sus jlabellifor'mis, a palm of Africa. 
bdellotomy (del-ot'o-me) [Gr. leech + rop-q 
cutting]. The act of cutting a sucking leech to 
increase the amount of blood it will take. 
B. D. S. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Dental Sur- 
gery. 
B. D. Sc. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Dental Sci- 
ence. 
B. E. Abbreviation for Bacillen emulsion. See 
under tuberculin. 
Be. Symbol for beryllium. 
beaded (be'ded). Having the appearance of a string 
of beads. 
beading (of the ribs) (be'ding). The formation 
of the rachitic beads or rosary. 
beads (bedz), rachitic. A series of palpable or 
visible prominences at the points where the ribs 
join their cartilages: seen in certain cases of rickets, 
beaker (be'ker). A form of glass cup used by 
chemists and apothecaries. 
Beale's cells, stain (belz) [Lionel Smith Beale, 
British physician, 1828-1906]. See under cell find 
slain. ■ - ■ 
bean, Calabar (ben). See Physostigma. St. Ig- 
natius' b. See ignalia. 
bearberry (bariber-e). See uva-ursi. 
Beard's disease (berdz) [George Miller Beard. 
American physician, 1839-1883]. Neurasthenia, 
bear's-foot. See Polymnia. 
beat (bet). A throb or pulsation, as of the heart 
or of an artery, apex-b., the stroke of the apex 
of the left ventricle of the heart against the chest- 
wall, felt in the fifth left intercostal space, ec- 
topic b., a heart-beat originating at some point 
other than the sino-auricular node, forced b., an 
extrasystole produced by artificial stimulation of 
the heart, premature b. Same as extrasystole, 
beatin (be'at-in). A substance, C5H13NO3, used 
in urinary diseases. 
Beau's disease, lines, syndrome (boz) [Joseph 
Honore Simon Beau, French physician, 1806- 
1865]. See under disease, line, and syndrome. 
Beauperthuys' treatment (bo-per-tu-ez') [Louis 
Daniel Beauperthuys, physician in the West Indies]. 
See treatment. 
bebeerin (be-be'rin). An alkaloid, C,fiH2INO3, 
from bebeeru bark. It is a brownish-yellow 
powder, soluble in 5 parts of absolute alcohol, 15 BEBEERU 
166 
BELL'S LAW 
parts of ether, and 6000 parts of cold water. It has 
tonic and febrifuge properties, and is used like 
quinin, and also as a tonic in dyspepsia and de- 
bility. The sulphate is used for the same pur- 
poses. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.333 gm.). 
bebeeru (be-be'roo). The greenheart tree, Nec- 
tan'dra rodia'i, of tropical America. Its bark is 
bitter and astringent, and is used as a tonic in 
malarial diseases. 
bechic (bek'ik) [L. bech'icus, from Gr. cough], 
1. Good against a cough. 2. A remedy for cough. 
bechol (bek'ol). A proprietary expectorant prepa- 
ration of pine. 
Bechterew's nucleus (bek'ter-uz) [Vladimir 
Mikhailovich von Bechterew, Russian neurologist, 
born 1857]. See nucleus. 
Beck's paste (beks) [Emil J. Beck, Chicago sur- 
geon, born 1866]. See under paste. 
Becker's phenomenon, test (bek'erz) [Otto 
Heinrich Enoch Becker, German oculist, 1828- 
90]. See under phenomenon and test. 
B6clard's hernia (ba-klahrz') [Pierre Augustin 
Bedard, French anatomist, 1785-1825]. See hernia. 
Becquerel's rays (bek-relz') [Antoine Henri 
Becquerel, French physicist, 1852-1908]. See 
under ray. 
bed (bed). A couch or support for the body dur- 
ing sleep, air-b., an air-tight, inflatable mat- 
tress. Bandeloux's b., an air-bed with a vessel 
beneath for the collection of urine, the whole being 
. surmounted by a cradle covered with gauze, b.- 
fast, b.-ridden, unable to leave the bed. frac- 
ture-b., a bed for the use of patients with broken 
bones. Gatch b., a bed fitted with a jointed bed- 
rest by which the patient can be raised into a half- 
sitting position and kept so. hydrostatic 
b., a water-bed. b.-pan, a shallow vessel for 
receiving the alvine discharges of the sick, b.- 
rest, a device for propping up patients in bed. 
b.-sore, an obstinate and sometimes gangrenous 
sore, caused by pressure of the body of a patient 
against the bed. water-b., a rubber mattress 
filled with water: used to prevent bed-sores. 
bedbug. The Ci'mex lectula'rius, a semiparasitic 
insect that infests neglected beds: used homeo- 
pathically as a remedy. See Cimex. 
bedlam (bed'lam). An insane asylum. 
bedlamism (bed'lam-izm). Insanity. 
Bednar's aphthae (bed'narz) [Alois Bednar, physi- 
cian in Vienna, 19th century]. See under aphtha. 
Bedouin itch. Same as lichen tropicus. 
bee (be). See Apis. 
Beebe's serum (be'bez) [Silas Palmer Beebe, New 
York physician]. See serum. 
beef-extract (bef-eks'trakt). The soluble fibrin 
of lean beef partly desiccated. 
beef-tea (bef'te). The infusion of lean beef: an- 
aleptic and somewhat nutritious. 
beer (ber). The fermented infusion of malted bar- 
ley and hops. 
Beer's collyrium, knife, operation (ba'erz) 
[George Joseph Beer, German ophthalmologist of 
19th century]. See collyrium, knife, and operation. 
beerwort (ber'wert). An infusion of malt in water 
intended to be converted into beer. It is some- 
times used for the cultivation of yeasts and molds, 
beeswax (bez'waks). Wax derived from honey- 
comb. See cera. 
Begbie's disease (beg'bez) [James Begbie, Scotch 
physician, 1798-1869]. See under disease. 
Beggiatoa (bej"e-ah-to'ah) [named for F. S. Beg- 
giato]. A genus of Schizomycetes growing in 
water, especially stagnant or contaminated water. 
They are seen in the form of gliding threads of 
gray or violet color, and mote by means of an 
undulating membrane. The cells contain sulphur 
granules, but have no sheath. B. al'ba forms 
glairin; B. roseopersici'na produces bacterio- 
purpurin. 
behaviorism (be-hav'yor-izm). A theory of psy- 
chologic study based upon a purely objective ob- 
servation and analysis of human and animal be- 
havior without reference to the testimony of con- 
sciousness. 
behen (be-hen') [Fr. behen]. A popular name of 
various herbs and plants of the genera Stat'ice, 
Centau'rea, Site'ne, etc. 
Behring's law, method, serum, etc. (ba'ringz) 
[Emil A. von Behring, German bacteriologist, 1854- 
1917]. See under law, method, serum, etc. 
Beigel's disease (bi'gelz) [Hermann Beigel, Ger- 
man physician, 1830-1879]. See under disease. 
bela (be'lah) [L.]. See bael. 
belse fructus (be'le fruk'tus) [L.]. The fruit of 
bael (q. v.). 
Be las 'caris my s'tax. An Ascarid worm common 
in the cat, but sometimes found in the intestines 
of children. 
belching (bel'shing). The eructation of wind. 
belemnoid (be-lem'noid) [Gr. dart + e'3os 
form]. 1. Dart-shaped. 2. The styloid process 
of the ulna or of the temporal bone. 
Belfield's operation (bel'feldz) [William Thomas 
Belfield, surgeon in Chicago, born 1856]. Vasot- 
omy. 
belladonna (bel-ah-don'ah) [Itai. " fair lady "]. 
The At'ropa belladon'na, or deadly nightshade, 
a plant of Europe and Asia. Its poisonous leaves 
and roots are used in medicine and are narcotic, 
antispasmodic, anodyne, and respiratory and car- 
diac stimulants. The active principle to which 
its properties are due is atropin (q. v.). Bella- 
donna is used as art antispasmodic in colic, cramps, 
whooping-cough, asthma, spasm of the bladder 
and the anal sphincter, and dysmenorrhea; to 
suppress secretions, as of saliva, sweat, and milk; 
in collapse, and to abort bronchitis and pharyn- 
gitis. It is also an antidote to opium and physos- 
tigma. The preparations of belladonna are all 
poisonous. Dose of the leaves, 1-5 gr. (0.065- 
0.324 gm.); of the alcoholic extract of the leaves, 
gr. (0.006-0.0162 gm.); of the abstract of the 
root, A-i gr. (0.006-0.066 gm.); of the tincture 
(leaves), 1-20 min. (0.065-1.25 c.c.); of the fluid- 
extract of the root, 1-3 min. (0.065-0.18 c.c.); 
of the juice {sudcus b.), 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.); 
of the fluidextract of the leaves, 3-6 min. (o. 2-0.4 
c.c.); of the solid extract of the root, J gr. (0.008- 
0.016 gm.). 
belladonnin (bel-ah-don'in). An alkaloid, C17- 
H21NO2, from belladonna. 
bell-crowned (bel-krownd'). Having a crown 
shaped like a bell: said of a tooth which is largest 
at the occlusal surface, and tapers toward the 
cervix. 
Bellini's ducts, ligament [Lorenzo Bellini. 
Italian anatomist, 1643-1704]. See duct and liga- 
ment. 
Bellocq's cannula (bel-oks') [Jean Jacques Bel- 
locq, French surgeon, 1732-1807]. An instrument 
for plugging the posterior nares. See cannula. 
bellond (bel'ond). Plumbism in cattle due to graz- 
ing in the neighborhood of lead-smelters where the 
soil is impregnated with the lead that settles from 
the fumes of the foundry. 
bellones (bel-onz'). Polypoid tumors in the nares 
of horses, interfering with proper breathing. 
Belloste's pill, solution (bel-osts/) [Augustin 
Belloste, French surgeon, 1654-1730]. See under 
pill and solution. 
Bell's disease or mania [Luther V. Bell, Ameri- 
can physician, 1806-1862]. Acute periencephali- 
tis. 
Bell's law, nerve, palsy, phenomenon, etc. 
[Sir Charles Bell, Scotch physiologist in London, 
1774-1842]. See under the nouns. BELL'S MUSCLE 
167 
BENZOKINONE 
Bell's muscle [John Bell, Scotch anatomist, 1763- 
1820]. See under muscle. 
bell-sound, bell-tympany. A clear, bell-like 
sound heard in pneumothorax. 
belly (bel'e). 1. The abdomen. 2. The prominent 
part of a bulging muscle, big b., abdominal dis- 
tention with gastric disturbance in soldiers, b.- 
bound, constipated or costive, b.-button, the 
navel. swollen b., tympanites in animals, 
wooden b., abdominal rigidity. 
belonephobia (be-lo-ne-fo'be-ah) [Gr. BeXbvT) nee- 
dle J- eofios fear]. An insane dread of needles 
and pins. 
belt, Momburg's. A rubber tube or band passed 
two or three times around the waist and then 
drawn tight to arrest the bleeding in postpartum 
hemorrhage. 
Belyando sprew (bel-yan'do). See grass sickness, 
under sickness. 
ben, oil of. A colorless oil expressed from the 
seed of Morin'ga pterygosper'ma. It is laxative 
and bland, and is used for extracting odors. 
Bence-Jones albumin, albumosuria, bodies, 
cylinders, reaction [Henry Bence-Jones, Eng- 
lish physician, 1813-1873]. See under the nouns. 
bend. A turn or curve; a curved part, head-b., 
a bend of the embryonic body in the region of 
the midbrain, neck-b., a bend of the embryo 
at the posterior limit of the hind-brain. 
bends (bendz). A name for caisson-disease. 
bene (be'ne). A Latin word signifying " well." 
beneceptor (ben'e-sep-tor) [L. be'ne well 4- ceptor]. 
Crile's name for a nerve-ceptor which transmits 
stimuli of a beneficial character. Cf. nociceptor and 
ceptor, 2d def. 
benedictine (ben-e-dik'ten) [Fr.]. A liqueur or 
cordial prepared at Fecamp, in France. 
Benedict's test (ben'e-dikts) 1. [A. L. Benedict, 
American physician, bom 1865]. 2. [Stanley R. 
Benedict, American physiologic chemist]. See 
test. 
Benedikt's syndrome (ben'e-dikts) [Moritz 
Benedikt, Austrian physician, 1835-1920]. See 
syndrome. 
beneficiary (ben-e-fish'e-a-re). The person to whom 
the amount of an insurance policy is payable. 
benign, benignant (be'nin, be-nig'nant) [L. be- 
nig'nus]. Not malignant; not recurrent. 
Benique's sound (ba-ne-kaz') [Pierre Jules 
Benique, French physician, 1806-1851]. See under 
sound. 
benne (ben'e), oil of. The fixed oil of sesame 
seeds. See sesame. 
Bennet's corpuscles (ben'ets) [James Henry Ben- 
net, English obstetrician, 1816-1891]. See corpuscle. 
Bennett's disease (ben'ets; [John Hughes Ben- 
nett, English physician, 1812-1876]. Leukemia. 
Bennett's fracture, operation (ben'ets) [Ed- 
ward Hallaran Bennett, Irish surgeon, 1837-1907]. 
See under fracture and operation. 
Benoist's scale (be-nwah'z) j [Benoist, French 
physicist]. See under scale. 
benzacetin (ben-zas'e-tin). Acetoamidoethyl- 
salicylic acid, a colorless, crystalline compound, 
CsH3(OC2H5)(NH.COCH3)COOH; an antineu- 
ralgic remedy, slightly soluble in water. Dose, 
8-15 gr- (0.5-1 gm.). 
benzaconin (ben-zak'on-in). An alkaloid of aco- 
nite: poisonous, but less so than aconitin. 
benzal (ben'zal). Same as benzylidene. 
benzaldehyd (ben-zal'de-hid). Bitter almond oil; 
a colorless liquid, CeHsCOH, produced by the oxi- 
dation of benzyl alcohol. Dose, f-r min. (0.017- 
0.066 c.c.). 
benzamid (ben'zam-id). A white, crystalline 
body, CeH5.CO.NH2, obtainable from bitter 
almonds. 
benzamin (ben-zam'in). Same as beta-eucain. 
benzanalgen (ben-za-nal'jen). An antineuralgic 
and antiseptic agent, C18H16N2O2, from chinolin. 
It is used in gout, rheumatism, and locomotor 
ataxia: it is a uric-acid dissolvent. Dose, 7J- 
45 gr. (0.486-2.916 gm.). 
benzanilid (ben-zan'il-id). A white, febrifugal 
powder, CeHs.CO.NH.CeHs, or phenylbenzamid: 
prepared by treating anilin with benzoyl chlorid. 
It is soluble in alcohol, but nearly insoluble in 
water. Dose, 1-10 gr. 0.066-0.666 gm.). 
benzene (ben'zen). A colorless, volatile liquid 
hydrocarbon, C6H8, from naphtha or soft coal. 
It has an ether-like odor, and burns with a light- 
giving flame. It dissolves fats, resins, sulphur, 
phosphorus, iodin, and several alkaloids. It is 
used as a pulmonary antiseptic in influenza, etc., 
as a teniacide, externally as a parasiticide, and 
recently in leukemias. Dose, 5-10 min. (0.31-0.62 
c.c.). Called also benzol, b. compounds, aro- 
matic compounds derived from benzene by substi- 
tution; they include anilin, phenol, salicylic acid, 
acetanilid, resorcinol, naphthol, thymol, benzoic 
acid, and numerous other medicinal compounds. 
See closed chain, under chain, b. picrate, fortolin. 
benzene-ring. See under ring. 
benzenin, benzenobacillin (ben-ze'nin, ben-ze"- 
no-bas-il'in). A poison, like etherin, chloro- 
formin, and xylenin, extractable by ether from 
tubercle bacilli. 
benzidin (ben'zid-in). A colorless, crystalline com- 
pound, para-diamino-diphenyl, (NH2.C6H4.CeH4.- 
NH2), formed by the action of acids on hydrazo- 
benzene: used as a test for blood. See benzidin 
test, under test. 
benzimid (ben'zim-id). A crystalline compound, 
C23H18N2O2, from bitter-almond oil. It is pro- 
duced by the action of hydrocyanic acid on ben- 
zoyl hydrid. 
benzin, benzine (ben'zin) [L. benzi'num]. A clear, 
volatile distillate from petroleum made up of 
hexane and heptane and distilling at 700 to 900 C. 
It is inflammable, and has a strong ethereal odor. 
It is used as a solvent for fats, resin, caoutchouc, 
and certain alkaloids, and has been given as a 
teniacide. Dose, 5-10 min. (0.31-0.62 c.c.). Called 
also petroleum benzin and petroleum ether. 
benzinin (ben'zin-in). See benzinobacillin. 
benzinobacillin (ben"zi-no-bas-il'in). A toxin de- 
rived from tubercle bacilli. 
benzoate (ben'zo-at). Any salt of benzoic acid. 
benzoated (ben'zo-at-ed). Containing or combined 
with benzoin or benzoic acid. 
benzocain, benzocaine (ben-zo-ka'in). Same as 
anesthesin. 
benzoeugenol (ben-zo-u'je-nol). Eugenol ben- 
zoate, C10H11O2.CO.C6H5, a colorless, odorless, 
crystalline compound, soluble in hot alcohol: 
used like guaiacol in tuberculosis. 
benzoflavin (ben-zo-fla'vin). A yellow, basic dye, 
isomeric with chrysanilin. 
benzoic acid (ben-zo'ik). See acid. 
benzoin (ben-zo'in) [L. benzo'inum]. The balsamic 
resin of Sty'rax ben'zoin, a tree of south Asia. It 
has the stimulant and expectorant properties of 
benzoic acid, and is used for the same purposes. 
Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.3-2 gm.); of tincture, 2-1 dr. 
(2-4 c.c.); of compound tincture, j-i dr. (2-4 c.c.). 
benzoinol (ben-zo'in-ol). Any oily substance used 
as an excipient and as an emollient application. 
benzoiodhydrin (ben"zo-i"od-hi'drin). A brown, 
fatty substance, (C3H5)C1H(C7H5O2), derived from 
benzoyl iodid and epichlorhydrin: it is prepared 
for use by triturating 32.5 parts with 1000 parts 
of sugar, and 'is said to be preferable to potas- 
sium iodid as a therapeutic agent. Dose of the 
triturate, 2-15 gr. (0.133-1 gm.). 
benzokinone (ben-zo-kin'6n). A proprietary de- 
rivative of guaiacol. BENZOL 
168 
BERLIN BLUE 
benzol (ben'zol). See benzene. 
benzolism (ben'zo-lizin). Poisoning by benzene 
or its vapor. 
benzonaphthalin (ben-zo-naf'tha-lin). A thera- 
peutic mixture of benzoic acid and naphthalin. 
benzonaphthol (ben-zo-naf'thol). Benzoy 1-naph- 
thol, a crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.O.C10H7, a 
compound of beta-naphthol and benzoic acid. It 
is an intestinal antiseptic in typhoid fever, etc. 
Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.26-0.518 gm.), b.-bismuth, a 
brown powder: used like other bismuth com- 
pounds. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
benzonitril (ben-zo-ni'tril). A volatile oil, phenyl- 
cyanid, CeHs.CN, with odor of oil of bitter almonds, 
derivable from benzene-sulphonic acid by the 
action of potassium cyanid. 
benzoparacresol (ben"zo-par-ah-kre'sol). An anti- 
septic substance, CaH4(CH3)(CO.C8H6), in colorless 
crystals, insoluble in water. Dose, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.), 
benzophenoneid (ben"zo-fe-no'ne-id). A non- 
irritant, germicidal agent, tetramethyldiapsidoben- 
zophenoid, soluble in water: used in keratitis and 
corneal ulceration. 
benzopurpurin (ben-zo-pur'pu-rin). Any one of a 
series of azo-dyes of a scarlet color. 
benzopyrin (ben-zo-pi'rin). Antipyrin benzoate, 
benzoresinol (ben-zo-rez'in-ol). A resinol from 
benzoin. 
benzosalicin (ben-zo-sal'is-in). Same as populin. 
benzosalin (ben-zo-sa'lin). A tasteless white pow- 
der, the methyl ester of benzosalicylic acid, CgHs.- 
CO.O.C6H4.CO.O.CH2, used in rheumatism, sci- 
atica, neuralgia, and as an intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose, 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 gm.). 
benzosol (ben'zo-sol). A crystalline powder, CaH4.- 
OCH3.OCO.C8H5, or benzoate of guaiacol, con- 
taining 54 per cent, of guaiacol. It is insoluble 
in water, not soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloro- 
form. It is used as a substitute for creosote in 
tuberculosis and in diabetes, and as an intesti- 
nal antiseptic. Dose, 3-12 gr. (0.194-0.78 gm.). 
Called also benzo sol-guaiacol. 
benzosol-eugenol (ben"zo-sol-u'je-nol). A euge- 
nol derivative, C15H12O3: used in tuberculosis. 
benzosol-guaiacol (ben"zo-sol-gwi'a-kol). Same 
as benzo sol. 
benzosulphinide (ben-zo-sul'fin-id). Same as 
saccharin. 
benzoyl (ben-zo'il). The radical, CeHs.CO, of ben- 
zoic acid and of an extensive series of compounds, 
b.-acetylperoxid. See acetozone. b. car- 
binol, a local anesthetic, C6H5CO.CH2OH. 
b.-ecgonin, an alkaloid, CieHisNOdi, prepared 
from cocain: its action resembles that of caffein. 
b.-eugenol, an antitubercular agent, C3H5.C6- 
H3(OCH3)CO2CgH5, prepared from benzoic acid 
and eugenol: it occurs in tasteless, acicular crys- 
tals, insoluble in water. Dose, 72-15 gr. (0.5-1 
gm.), b.-morphin, a feebly anesthetic benzoyl 
compound. See peronin. b. paracresol, a 
compound of paracresol and benzoyl chlorid, used 
as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of 5 gr. (0.25 
gm.), b. peroxid, lucidol. b.-pseudotro- 
pein, a locally anesthetic alkaloid from coca, 
b.-quinin, a benzoyl compound with locally 
anesthetic properties, b. tannate, a yellowish, 
insoluble powder, b.-tropein, a substance, 
C15HiaNO2 + 2H2O, occurring in the form of silky 
needles. Its salts are soluble and locally anes- 
thetic. 
benzozone (ben'zo-zon). See acetozone. 
benzyl (ben'zil). The hydrocarbon radical, C7H7 = 
C6H5.CH2, of benzyl alcohol and various other 
bodies, b. alcohol. See under alcohol, b. ben- 
zoate, a volatile oil, C6H5.CH2.OCH.C6H5, from 
balsams of Peru and Tolu. It lowers the tone of 
unstriped muscle and has been suggested as a 
remedy in renal, biliary, uterine, and intestinal 
colic and in hypertension, angina pectoris, asthma, 
whooping-cough, etc. Dose, 5-7 min. (0.3-0.5 
c.c.). b. bromid, a war gas, CgHs.CHjBr, caus- 
ing lacrimation, b. carbinol, phenyl ethyl al- 
cohol, a constituent of oil of rose, possessing 
anesthetic properties, b.-glycocoll, hippuric 
acid. b.-morphin, a morphin derivative, Cn- 
H18NO2.O.CH2: a good hypnotic, b. succinate, 
an ester of benzyl alcohol and succinic acid: used 
as an antispasmodic to non-striated muscle. Dose, 
5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
benzylidene (ben-zil'id-en). A hydrocarbon radi- 
cal, C6H5CH:. 
Beraneck's tuberculin (ba-ran-eks') [Edmcnd 
Beraneck, Swiss bacteriologist, 1859-1921]. See 
under tuberculin. 
Berard's aneurysm (ba-rarz') [Auguste Berard, 
French surgeon, 1802-1846]. See aneurysm. 
Beraud's ligament, valve (ba-roz') [Bruno Jean 
Jacques Beraud, French surgeon, 1823-1865]. See 
ligament, valve. 
berberin (ber'ber-in). An alkaloid, C2oH17N04, 
from the bark of Ber'beris vulga'ris, and from 
other plants. It is a tonic and antiperiodic. 
Dose of the alkaloid or its salts, 1-10 gr. (0.066- 
0.666 gm.). 
Berberis (be/ber-is) [L.]. A genus of berberi- 
daceous shrubs, many of them medicinal. B. 
vulga'ris, the common barberry, is an astringent 
tonic, purgative in considerable doses. Dose of 
fluidextract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of tincture, 
10 min.-1 fl.dr. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
bergamiol (ber-gam'e-ol). Linalool acetate, the 
chief constituent of oil of bergamot. 
bergamot (ber'ga-mot) [L. berga'mium], 1. The 
tree, Cit'rus berga'mia; also its orange-like fruit, 
whose rind affords the fragrant oil of bergamot 
(L. ol'eum berga'mii). 2. A popular name for 
various fragrant labiate plants, such as Men'tha 
citra'ta and Mona/da fistulo'sa. 
bergapten (ber-gap'ten). A stearopten, Ci2H8O4, 
from oil of bergamot; bergamot camphor. 
Bergenhem's operation (bair'gen-hemz) [B. 
Bergenhem, contemporary Swedish surgeon]. See 
under operation. 
bergenin (ber'jen-in). A crystalline nerve tonic 
principle from plants of the genus Saxif'raga. 
Berger's method, operation (bahr-zhez') [Paul 
Berger, French surgeon, born 1845]. See method, 
operation. 
Berger's paresthesia, sign (ber'gerz) [Emil 
Berger, Austrian physician]. See under paresthesia 
and sign. 
Bergeron's disease (berzh'ronz) [Etienne Jules 
Bergeron, French physician, 1817-1900]. See 
under disease. 
beriberi (ber-e-ber'e) [Singhalese, "I cannot," 
signifying that the person is too ill to do anytning]. 
An endemic form of polyneuritis prevalent chiefly 
in Japan, India, China, the Philippines, and the 
Malay Peninsula, and usually fatal (Bontius, 1642). 
It is marked by spasmodic rigidity of the lower 
limbs, with muscular atrophy, paralysis, anemia, 
and neuralgic pains. The disease is believed to be 
due to a too exclusive diet of overmilled or highly 
polished rice or other carbohydrate food which is 
deficient in accessory food factors known as anti- 
neuritic vitamin. Called also kakke, asjike, loempe, 
endemic multiple neuritis, panneuritis epidemica, 
and polyneuritis endemica. infantile b., a dis- 
ease of infants in the Philippines, who are nursed 
by mothers affected with beriberi, ship b., a 
disease resembling tropical beriberi, seen on Nor- 
wegian ships, but with dropsy a more prominent 
symptom than neuritis, wet b., a form with 
anemia and dropsy, but without paralysis. 
beriberic (ber-e-ber'ik). Pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, beriberi. 
Berlin blue (ber-lin' blew). Iron ferrocyanid or 
some preparation of it: used as a stain in histology. BERLIN'S DISEASE 
169 
BEZOAR 
Berlin's disease (ber'linz) [Rudolf Berlin, German 
oculist, 1833-1897]. See under disease. 
Bernard's canal, layer, puncture, etc. (ber- 
narz') [Claude Bernard, French physiologist, 1813- 
1878]. See under the nouns. 
Bernhardt's disease (bern'harts) [Max Bern- 
hardt, neurologist in Berlin, 1844-1915]. See under 
disease. 
Bernheimer's fibers (bem'hi-merz) [Stefan Bern- 
heimer, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1861-1918]. See 
under fiber. 
Berthoilet's fluid, law (ber-to-laz) [Claude Louis 
Berthollet, French chemist, 1748-1822]. See fluid 
and law. 
bertillonage (bar-te-yon-nahzh') [Alphonse Ber- 
tillon, French criminologist, 1853-1914]. The re- 
corded measurement and description of criminals 
for future identification. 
Bertin's bones, column, ligament (ber'tinz) 
[Exupere Joseph Bertin, French anatomist, 1712- 
1781]. See bone, column, ligament. 
beryllium (ber-il'e-um) [Gr. fl-qpvXXos beryl]. 
A metallic element of atomic weight 9.1. Same as 
glucinum. 
besiclometer (bes-ik-lom'et-er). An instrument 
for measuring the forehead to ascertain the proper 
width of spectacle frames. 
Besnier's rheumatism (be-ne-az') [Jules Besnier, 
French physician]. See under rheumatism. 
besoin de respirer (bez-wan' deh res-pe-ra') [Fr.]. 
The sensation which prompts the act of breathing. 
Besredka's vaccine (bes-red'kahz) [Alexander 
Besredka, pathologist at Pasteur Institute, Paris]. 
See under Vaccine. 
Best's operation (bests) [Vans Best, Scotch sur- 
geon, 1836-1875]. See under operation. 
bestiality (bes-te-al'it-e) [L. bes'tia beast]. Sexual 
connection with an animal. 
Bestucheff's tincture (bes'tu-chefs). [Russian 
fieldmarshal, 1693-1766]. See tincture. 
Beta (be'tah) [L.]. A genus of plants to which the 
beet belongs. B. vulga'ris, the common beet. 
beta- (be'tah-). The second letter of the Greek 
alphabet, fl; as a prefix in chemic words, to dis- 
tinguish one of two or more isomers or to indicate 
the position of substituting atoms or groups in 
certain compounds. 
beta-albumosease (be"tah-al-bu-mo'se-as). Same 
as erep sin. 
betacism (be'tah-sizm) [Gr. flfjra. the letter /?]. 
The excessive use of the 6-sound in speaking. 
beta-eigon (be-tah-i'gon). An iodin-peptone 
preparation. See alpha-eigon. 
beta-eucain (be"tah-u-ka'in). See under eucain. 
beta-eunol (be-tah-u'nol). A proprietary naphthol 
and eucalyptol preparation: used in surgery and 
in skin diseases as an antiseptic. 
beta-hydroxybutyric acid (be"tah-hi-drok"se- 
bu-tir'ik). See beta-oxybutyric acid, under acid. 
beta-imidazolylethylamin (be"tah-im"id-a-zol- 
il-etb-il-am'in). Histamin. 
beta-iminazolylethylamin (be"tah-im"in-a- 
zo!"il-eth"il-am'in). Histamin. 
betain (be'tah-in) [L. be'ta beet]. A deliquescent 
crystalline alkaloid, C5HnNO2, trimethyl glyco- 
coll, having a sweetish taste, derived from the com- 
mon beet and other sources, and produced by 
the oxidation of cholin. It is an emmenagogue. 
Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 gm.), b. hydrochlorid. 
See acidol. 
beta-ketopalmitic acid (be"tah-ke-to-pal-mit'- 
ik). CH;>.(CH2)i2CO.CH2.COOH, an oxidized form 
of palmitic acid. 
beta-naphthol (be-tah-naf'thol). See naphthol. 
b. benzoate. Same as benzonap'hthol. b. bis- 
muth, a brown, powdery mixture of bismuth 
oxid, 8 parts, with beta-naphthol, 2 parts. It 
is insoluble in water, and is used as an intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose, 15-45 gr- (1-3 gm.). b. car- 
bonate, an ester in colorless, shining scales: an 
intestinal antiseptic. 
beta-naphthol-benzylamin (be-tah-naf"thol- 
ben-zil'am-in). A reagent by which aldoses can be 
distinguished from ketoses. It combines with the 
former and produces crystalline products, but not 
with the latter. 
betanaphthyl salicylate. Same as betol. 
beta-oxybutyria (be"tah-oks-e-bu-ti're-ah). The 
presence of beta-oxybutyric acid in the urine: 
believed to be the cause of diabetic coma. Cf. 
ketonuria. 
beta-oxybutyric acid (be"tah-oks-e-bu-tir'ik). 
See acid. 
beta-parahydroxyphenylpropionic acid. 
Same as tyrosin. 
beta-phenylalpha-amino-propionic acid. 
Same as phenyl alanin. See under acid. 
beta-quinin (be-ta-quin'in). See quinidin. 
betasulphopyrin (be-tah-sul-fo-pi'rin). A com- 
pound of sulphanilic acid and antipyrin, used in 
influenza, coryza, and iodism. Dose, 15 gr. (1 
gm.). 
betel (be'tl) [Tamil vettilei]. An East Indian mas- 
ticatory, consisting of a piece of betel-nut rolled 
up with lime in a betel-leaf. It is tonic, astrin- 
gent, and stimulant. Dose of fluidextract, 1-3 dr. 
(4-12 c.c.). b.-leaf, the leaf of Pi'per be'Ue: 
used as a masticatory; pan or pawn, b.-nut, 
the nut of A Peca cat'echu, a palm-tree of South 
Asia: it is a highly astringent anthelmintic. 
betin (be'tin). A concentration prepared from 
the common beet: said to be a good substitute 
for ergot. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133-0.26 gm.). 
betol (be'tol). A white powder, beta naphthyl 
salicylate, C6H4(OH)C02.CioHt, a derivative of 
beta-naphthol and salicylic acid. It is nearly 
insoluble in water, but soluble in 3 parts of boil- 
ing alcohol or ether. It is an intestinal antiseptic 
and antizymotic, and is useful in rheumatism and 
cystitis and in putrid intestinal diseases. Dose 
10-20 gr. (0.648-1.29 gm.). Called also sali- 
naphthol and naphthalol. 
Betonica (be-ton'ik-ah) [L.]. A genus of labiate 
plants. B. ojficina'lis, wood betony, was formerly 
used in medicine: the tops are astringent and 
aromatic; the root, emetic and cathartic. 
Bettendorff's test (bet'en-dorfz) [A. J. H. M. 
Bettendorf, German chemist, born 1839]. See 
under test. 
Betula (bet'u-lah) [L.J. A genus of trees: the 
birches. See birch. 
betulin (bet'u-lin). A resin or camphor, C38H80O3, 
from white birch bark. 
betulinar (be-tu'lin-ar). A proprietary solution 
of salicyl-menthol-betulin, 11 parts, and boro- 
glycerin, 19 parts, in tincture of birch, 20 parts, 
and aromatic birch-water, 50 parts: antirheu- 
matic. 
betulol (bet'u-lol). A proprietary preparation of 
methyl salicylate: used in gout, rheumatism, and 
neuralgia. 
Betz's cells (bets) [Philipp Friedrich Betz, German 
physician, born 1819]. See under cell. 
Beurmann's disease (bowr'manz) [Lucien de 
Beurmann, contemporary French physician]. See 
under disease. 
Bevan's incision (bev'anz) [Arthur Dean Bevan, 
American surgeon, born i860]. See incision. 
Beyerinck's reaction (bi'er-inks) [M. W. Beyer- 
znck, contemporary Dutch physician]. See under 
reaction. 
bezoar (be-zo'ar) [Persian]. A concretion of vari- 
ous character from the stomachs and intestines of 
animals: formerly esteemed as a medicine. BEZOLD'S ABSCESS 
170 
BIGEMINUM 
Bezold's abscess, mastoiditis, perforation, 
sign, triad, etc. (ba'zoldz) [Friedrich Bezold, 
aurist in Munich, 1842-1908]. See abscess, mas- 
toiditis, perforation, sign, triad, etc. 
Bezold's ganglion (ba'zoldz) [Albert von Bezold, 
German physiologist of 19th century]. See 
ganglion. 
B. F. Abbreviation for bouillon filtri. See under 
tuberculin. 
bhang (bhang) [Hind.]. Same as Cannabis indica. 
B. I. Abbreviation for base of prism in. 
Bi. Symbol for bismuth. 
bi- [L. bi two]. A prefix signifying " two " or 
"twice." 
Bial's test (be'alz) [Manfred Bial, German phys- 
ician, 1870-1908]. See under test. 
Bianchi's nodule (be-ang'kez) [Giovanni Battista 
Bianchi, Italian anatomist, 1681-1761]. The 
corpora arantii. 
biarticular (bi-ar-tik'u-lar). Pertaining to two 
joints. 
biasteric (bi-as-ter'ik). Pertaining to the two 
asteria. 
biauricular (bi-aw-rik'u-lar). Pertaining to the 
two auricles. 
Bib. Abbreviation for L. bi'be, drink. 
bib (bib). A fragment of a red blood-cell often 
seen attached to the crescent bodies of the blood 
of estivo-autumnal fever. 
bibasic (bi-ba'sik). Doubly basic; having two 
hydrogen atoms that may be replaced by bases. 
biberin (bi-be'rin). Same as bebeerin. 
bibulous (bib'u-lus) [L. bib'ulus, from bib'ere to 
drink]. Having the property of absorbing mois- 
ture. 
bicameral abscess (bi-kam'er-al) [L. bi two 4- 
c am'er a chamber]. An abscess with two cham- 
bers. 
bicapsular (bi-kap'su-lar) [L. bi two 4- cap'sula 
a capsule]. Having two capsules. 
bicarbonate (bi-kar'bon-at). Any salt having two 
equivalents of carbonic acid to one of a basic sub- 
stance. 
bicardiogram (bi-kar'de-o-gram). A curve in an 
electrocardiogram indicating the composite effect 
of the right and left auricle. 
bicaudal, bicaudate (bi-kaw'dal, bi-kaw'dat) [L. 
bicauda'lis, bicauda'lus; bi two 4- cau'da tail]. 
Having two tails. 
bicellular (bi-sel'u-lar). Made up of two cells, 
or having two cells. 
bicephalus (bi-sef'al-us). See dicephalus. 
biceps (bi'seps) [L. from bi two 4- ca'put head]. 
1. Having two heads. 2. See muscles, table of. 
biceptor (bi-sep'tor). A receptor which has two 
complementophil groups. 
Bichat's canal, fissure, foramen, etc. (be- 
shaz') [Marie Francois Xavier Bichat, an emi- 
nent French anatomist and physiologist, 1771- 
1802, the founder of scientific histology and 
pathologic anatomy]. See canal, fissure, foramen, 
etc. 
bichloralantipyrin (bi-klo"ral-an-te-pi'rin). Same 
as dichloralantipyrin. 
bichlorid (bi-klo'rid). 1. Any chlorid which con- 
tains two equivalents of chlorin. 2. An abbrevia- 
tion for bichlorid of mercury. See under mercury. 
bichloridol (bi-klo'rid-ol). A proprietary form of 
mercury bichlorid. 
bicho (be'ko). Epidemic gangrenous rectitis. See 
under rectitis. 
bichromate (bi-kro'mat). Any salt of the acid, 
ILCraO?. 
biciliate (bi-sil'e-at). Possessing two cilia. 
bicipital (bi-sip'it-al). 1. Having two heads. 2. 
Pertaining to a biceps muscle. 
Bi2(CO3)3. Bismuth carbonate. 
biconcave (bi-kon'kav). Having two concave 
surfaces. 
biconvex (bi-kon'veks). Having two convex sur- 
faces. 
bicornate, bicornute (bi-kor'nat, bi-kor'nut) [L. 
bis twice + cornu'tus horned]. Having two horns. 
bicoronial (bi-ko-ro'ne-al). Pertaining to the two 
coronse. 
bicorporate (bi-kor'po-rat) [L. bi two 4* cor'pus 
body]. Having two bodies. 
bicuspid, bicuspidate (bi-kus'pid, bi-kus'pid-at) 
[L. bis twice + Ous'pis point], i. Having two 
cusps or points. 2. A bicuspid valve. 3. A tooth 
having two cusps; a premolar tooth. 
bicycle heart (bi'si-kl hart). A heart disease in 
consequence of misuse of the bicycle, b. throat, 
a form of sore throat due to the inhalation of road- 
dust. » 
B. i. d. Abbreviation for L. bis in di'e, twice a day. 
Bidder's ganglion [Heinrich Friedrich Bidder, 
German anatomist, 1810-1894]. See ganglion. 
bidermoma (bi-der-mo'mah) [L. bi two + Gr. 
beppa skin -f- -w/xa tumor]. A teratoid growth con- 
taining two germ-layers. 
bidet (be-da') [Fr. " pony "]. A fixed sitz-bath-tub, 
usually with attachments for giving injections, etc. 
biduotertian (bid"u-o-ter'she-an). Tertian but 
having the recurrences nearly continuous. See 
under fever. 
biduous (bid'u-us). Lasting for two days. 
Biedert's cream mixture (be'derts) [Pediatrist 
in Strasburg, 1847-1916]. See under mixture. 
bi-electrolysis (bi"e-lek-trol'is-is). Electrolysis 
in which decomposition takes place at both poles. 
biennial (bi-en'e-al) [L. bi two 4- an'nus year], 1. 
Occurring once in two years; also lasting two years. 
2. A plant which completes its life history in two 
years, usually reproducing the second year. 
Bier's anesthesia, hyperemia, etc. (beerz) [Au- 
gust Karl Gustav Bier, surgeon in Berlin, born 
1861]. See anesthesia, hyperemia, etc. 
Biermer's anemia, sign (ber'merz) [Anton 
Biermer, German physician, 1827-1892]. See 
anemia and sign. 
Biernacki's sign (byer-naht'skez) [Edmund Bier- 
nacki, Polish physician in Lemberg, Austria, 1867- 
1912]. See under sign. 
Biesiadecki's fossa (bya-syah-det'skez) [Alfred 
von Biesiadecki, Polish physician, 1839-1888]. See 
under fossa. 
Biett's solution (be-ets') [Laurent Theodore Biett, 
Parisian physician, 1781-1840]. See under solu- 
tion. 
bifid (bi'fid) [L. bif'idus], Cleft into two parts. 
bifocal (bi-fo'kal). Having two foci. 
biforate (bi-fo'rat) [L. bis twice 4" fo'ra opening]. 
Having two foramina or openings. 
bifurcate (bi-fur'kat) [L. bifurca'tus, from bi two 
+ fu/ca fork]. Forked; divided into two like a 
fork. 
bifurcation (bi-fur-ka'shun) [L. bifurca'tio, from 
bi two -[- fu/ca fork]. Division into two branches. 
Bigelovia (big-e-lo've-ah) [for Jacob Bigelow, 1787- 
1879]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. 
B. vene'ta, of North America, is one of the species 
affording damiana (q. v.). 
Bigelow's ligament (big'el-oz) [Henry Jacob 
Bigelow, Boston surgeon, 1816-1890]. See liga- 
ment. 
bigemina (bi-jem'in-ah). A bigeminal pulse. 
bigeminal (bi-jem'in-al). Twin. b. bodies, b. 
pulse. See corpus bigeminum and pulse. 
bigeminum (bi-jem'in-um), pl. bigem'ina [L. 
"twin"]. Either one of the corpora bigemina 
of the fetus or of a bird; the fetal bigemina 
become the corpora quadrigemina. BIGEMINY 
171 
BINOCULAR 
bigeminy (bi-jem'in-e). The condition of occur- 
ring in pairs; especially the condition of two pulse- 
beats occurring in rapid succession. See bigeminal 
pulse, under pulse. 
big-head. Bulging of the skull-bones of an animal, 
due to osteomalacia. 
big-knee. See under knee. 
bigonial (bi-go'ne-al). Connecting the two gonions. 
bilabe (bi'lab) [L. bis twice + la'bium lip]. An 
instrument for taking small calculi from the bladder 
through the urethra. 
bilateral (bi-lat'er-al) [L. bis twice + la'tus side]. 
Having two sides, or pertaining to both sides. 
bilateralism (bi-lat'er-al-izm). Bilateral symme- 
try. 
bilberry (bil'ber-e). The huckleberry of Europe, 
Vaccin'ium myrtil'lus: used as an intestinal as- 
tringent. 
bile (bil) [L. bi'lis]. The golden-brown pr green- 
ish-yellow substance secreted by the liver; gall. 
It has a bitter taste, an alkaline reaction, and 
a density of from 1026 to 1032. It contains 
water, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycocholate, 
mucus, cholesterin, lecithin, fat, and various pig- 
ments. The bile aids the action of the pancreatic 
juice: it emulsifies fat and prevents putrefactive 
changes in the intestine, cystic b., the bile 
which is held for some time in the gall-bladder 
before moving into the intestine. Platner's 
crystallized b., a crystalline substance obtained 
by the action of ether in an alcoholic extract of 
bile. 
bilein (bi-le'in). A proprietary preparation of 
sodium glycotaurocholate derived from ox-gall. 
bilene (bi'len). A mixture of the essential salts of 
the bile. 
bileyl (bil'il). A proprietary extract of fresh ox- 
gall. 
Bilharzia (bil-harize-ah) [for T. Bilharz]. A genus of 
flukes or trematodes. See Schistosoma hamatobium. 
bilharziasis, bilharziosis (bil-har-zi'as-is, bil- 
har-ze-o'sis). Disease due to the presence of 
Bilharzia (Schistosoma). 
bilharzic (bil-har'zik). Pertaining to or caused by 
Bilharzia. 
biliary (bil'e-a-re). Pertaining to the bile. 
bilicyanin (bil-e-si'an-in) [L. bi'lis bile + cya'neus 
blue]. A blue pigment derivable from biliver- 
din; cholecyanin. 
bilifaction (bil-e-fak'shun). Bilification. 
bilifecia (bil-if-e'se-ah). Bile in the feces, 
bilification (bil"if-ik-a'shun). The formation or 
secretion of bile. 
biliflavin (bil-if-la'vin) [L. bi'lis bile + fla'vus 
yellow]. A yellow pigment obtainable from bili- 
verdin. 
bilifulvin (bil-if-ul'vin) [L. bi'lis bile + ful'vus 
tawny]. An impure bilirubin of a tawny color; 
also a tawny pigment from ox-gall, not normally 
found in healthy human bile. 
bilifuscin (bil-if-us'in) [L. bi'lis bile + fus'cus 
brown], A pigment from human bile and gall- 
stones. 
bilihumin (bil-e-hu'min) [L. bi'lis bile + hu'mus 
earth]. An insoluble ingredient of gall-stones. 
bilin (bi'lin) [L. bi'lis bile]. The main constitu- 
ent of the bile, composed chiefly of the sodium 
salts of the normal bile acids. 
bilineurin (bil-e-nu'rin) [L. bi'lis bile + Gr. vevpov 
nerve]. Same as cholin. 
bilious (bil'yus) [L. bilio'sus], Characterized by 
bile, by excess of bile, or by biliousness. 
biliousness (bil'yus-nes). Malaise, with constipa- 
tion, headache, and indigestion, attributed to an 
excessive secretion of bile. 
biliphein (bil-e-fe'in) [L. bi'lis bile + Gr. ipacbs 
tawny]. Bilirubin; also, a mixed pigment obtain- 
able from the bile. 
biliprasin (bil-e-pra'sin) [L. bi'lis bile + Gr. 
irpaaov leek]. A green pigment from gall-stones. 
bilipurpin, bilipurpurin (bil-e-pur'pin, bil-e- 
pur'pu-rin) [L. bi'lis bile + pur1 pur purple]. 
A purple pigment from biliverdin. 
bilipyrrhin (bil-e-pir'in) [L. bi'lis bile + irvppbs 
red-yellow]. Same as biliphein. 
bilirubin (bil-e-roo'bin) [L. bi'lis bile + ru'ber 
red]. A red bile-pigment, Ci8H18N2O3, some- 
times found in urine. It is crystalline in form, 
and is insoluble in water, nearly so in alcohol, 
but quite soluble in alkaline solutions. 
bilirubinate (bil-e-roo'bin-at). A salt of bilirubin, 
bilirubinemia (bil-e-roo-bin-e'me-ah) [bilirubin + 
Gr. alpa blood]. The presence of bilirubin in the 
blood. 
bilirubinic (bil-e-roo-bin'ik). Pertaining to bili- 
rubin. 
bilirubinuria (bil-e-roo-bin-u're-ah). Presence of 
bilirubin in the urine. 
biliuria (bil-e-u're-ah) [L. bilis bile 4- Gr. ovpov 
urine]. Bile in the urine. 
biliverdin (bil-e-ver'din) [L. bi'lis bile + vir'idis 
green]. A green pigment, C18H20N2O5, formed 
from bilirubin by oxidation. It occurs in gall- 
stones and in the urine in jaundice. 
biliverdinate (bil-e-ver'din-at). A salt of biliverdin, 
bilixanthin (bil-e-zan'thin) [L. bi'lis bile + Gr. 
^avObs yellow]. Same as cholelelin. 
bill of health. A document which must be ob- 
tained by the master of a vessel from a consul be- 
fore bis vessel may sail. 
Billroth's disease, mixture, operation (bil'- 
rots) [Theodor Billroth, surgeon in Vienna, 1829- 
1894]. See disease, mixture, operation. 
bilobate (bi-lo'bat) [L. bi two -f- lo'bus lobe]. 
Having two lobes. 
bilobular (bi-lob'u-lar) [L. bilobula'ris}. Having 
two lobules. 
bilocular (bi-lok'u-lar) [L. bis twice + loc'ulus 
cell]. Having two compartments. 
biltong (bil'tong). The dried meat of a species of 
buck of South Africa: said to be very nutritious. 
bimanual (bi-man'u-al) [L. bis twice + manua'lis 
of the hand]. With both hands; performed by 
both hands. 
bimastic (bi-mas'tik). Having two mamma. 
bimastism (bi-mas'tizm) [L. bi two + Gr. paarbs 
breast]. The state of having two mammas. 
bimastoid (bi-mas'toid). Pertaining to both mas- 
toid processes. 
bimaxillary (bi-mak'sil-a-re). Pertaining to or 
affecting both jaws. 
bimolecular (bi-mo-lek'u-lar). Relating to or 
formed from two molecules. 
binary (bi'na-re) [L. bina'rius of two]. Made up of 
two elements. 
binaural (bin-aw'ral) [L. bi'ni two + au'ris ear]. 
Pertaining to both ears. 
binauricular (bin-aw-rik'u-lar) [L. bi'ni two + 
auric'ula little ear]. Pertaining to both auricles. 
binder (bin'der). An abdominal girdle or bandage, 
chiefly for women in childbed (obstetric b.). 
bindweb (bind'web). 1. The neuroglia. 2. Any 
connective tissue or stroma. 
Binet's test (be-naz') [Alfred Binet, French phys- 
iologist, 1857-1911]. See test. 
Binet-Simon test (be-na-se-man') [Alfred Binet; 
T. Simon], See under test. 
Bing's entotic test (bingz) [Albert Bing, German 
otologist, 1844-1922]. See test. 
biniodid (bin-i'o-did). Any iodid that has two 
atoms of iodin in each molecule. 
Bi(NO,)3. Bismuth nitrate. 
binocular (bin-ok'u-lar) [L. bi'ni two + oc'ulus 
eye]. Pertaining to both eyes. BINOTIC 
172 
BIOPLASM 
binotic (bin-ot'ik) [L. bi'ni two 4- Gr. ovs ear]. 
Pertaining to both ears. 
binovular (bin-ov'u-lar) [L. bi'ni two 4" o'vum an 
egg]. Derived from two distinct ova. 
binoxid (bin-oks'id). Same as dioxid. 
binuclear, binucleate (bi-nu'kle-ar, bi-nu'kle-at) 
[L. bi'ni two 4* nu'cleus nut]. Having two nuclei. 
Binucleata (bi-nu-kle-a'tah) [L. bi'ni two 4- nu'- 
cleus]. A proposed new, order of flagellate pro- 
tozoa, including the Haemosporidia and the trypan- 
osomes. 
binucleolate (bi-nu-kle'o-lat) [L. bi'ni two 4- nu- 
cleolus]. Having two nucleoli. 
Binz's test (binz) [K. Binz, German pharmacolo- 
gist, 1832-1913]. See under test. 
bio-assay (bi-o-as'a) [Gr. (dlos life 4- away]. Deter- 
mination of the active power of a sample of a drug 
by noting its effect on animals, as compared with a 
standard preparation. 
bioblast (bi'o-blast) [Gr. (dlos life 4- ^Xaar6s germ]. 
A cell in the formative stage; or, rather, an ele- 
mentary organism, one of the fundamental ele- 
ments of cell activities. 
biochemics (bi-o-kem'iks) [Gr. /dlos life 4- xripela 
chemistry]. The chemistry of life. 
biochemistry (bi-o-kem'is-tre) [Gr. (dlos life 4- 
chemistry]. The chemistry of living organisms 
and of vital processes; physiologic chemistry. 
biochemy (bi-ok'e-me) [Gr. ^los life 4- 
chemistry]. The chemic forces at work in living 
organisms. 
biocitin (bi-o-si'tin). A lecithin preparation from 
eggs. 
biocolloid (bi-o-kol'oid) [Gr. 0ios life 4- colloid]. A 
colloid from animal or vegetable tissue. 
biocytoculture (bi-o-si'to-kul-tur) [Gr. /dlos life 
4- kvtos cell 4- culture]. A culture made from pus 
whose leukocytes are alive. 
biocytoneurology (bi-o-si"to-nu-rol'o-je) [Gr. 
/dlos life 4- kvtos cell 4- pevpop nerve 4- Xbyos 
treatise]. The study of living nerve-cells. 
biodal (bi'o-dal). Monoiodo dibismuth methylene 
dicresotinate: used as a dressing powder. 
biodynamics (bi"o-di-nam'iks) [Gr. (dlos life 4- 
bvpapis force]. The branch of physiology which 
deals with the active vital phenomena of organ- 
isms. 
biogen (bi'o-jen) [Gr. fdlos life 4* yeppap to gene- 
rate]. 1. Same as biophore. 2. A proprietary 
preparation of magnesium peroxid. 
biogene (bi'o-jen). A proprietary milk prepara- 
tion used as an invalid food. 
biogenesis (bi-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. (dlos life 4- yepevts 
origin]. The origin of living beings from things 
already living. 
biogenetic (bi"o-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to biogen- 
esis. 
biogenous (bi-oj'en-us). Growing on living organ- 
isms. 
bioglobin (bi-o-glo'bin). A proprietary wine of 
iron and hemoglobin. 
biograph (bi'o-graf). 1. An instrument for analyz- 
ing and rendering visible the movements of ani- 
mals: used in diagnosis of certain nervous dis- 
eases. 2. Same as pneumatograph. 
biokinetics (bi"o-kin-et'iks) [Gr. 0ios life 4- kipi^tl- 
kos moving]. The science of the movements, or 
changes of position, within developing organisms. 
Biol. Abbreviation for biology. 
biologic, biological (bi-o-loj'ik, bi o-loj'ik-al). 
Pertaining to biology. 
biologist (bi-ol'o-jist). An expert in biology. 
biologos (bi-ol'og-os) [Gr. (dlos life 4- \byos word]. 
The science of matter in the living state; the living 
and intelligent power displayed in organic and 
cellular activities. 
biology (bi-ol'o-je) [Gr. ^ios life 4- Xoyos discourse]. 
The science of living organisms, and of their 
structure, life, growth, and actions. 
bioluminescence (bi"o-lu-min-es'ens). Lumines- 
cence or phosphorescence displayed by animal and 
vegetable organisms. 
biolysis (bi-ol'is-is). Chemic decomposition of or- 
ganic matter by the action of living organisms. 
biolytic (bi-o-lit'ik) [Gr. [dios life + Xvtlkos loosen- 
ing]. Destructive to life. 
biomedicine (bi-o-med'is-in). Clinical medicine 
based on the principles of physiology and bio- 
chemistry. 
biometer (bi-om'et-er) [Gr. dms life + perpop 
measure]. An apparatus by which extremely 
minute quantities of carbon dioxid can be measured: 
used in measuring the carbon dioxid given off from 
functionating tissue. 
biometrics (bi-o-met'riks). Same as biometry. 
biometry (bi-om'et-re) [Gr. /3los life + uerpop a 
measure], i. The science of the application of 
statistical methods to biologic facts; mathematical 
analysis of biologic data. 2. In life insurance, the 
calculation of the expectation of life. 
biomolecule (bi-o-mol'ek-ul). A molecule of liv- 
ing substance. 
biomonad (bi-o-mo'nad). One of the granules of 
protoplasm. 
biomone (bi'o-mon). A minute particle of living 
matter made up of biomolecules. 
biomore (bi'o-mor). A mass of biomolecules form- 
ing one of the organs of a cell. 
bion (bi'on) [Gr. /3uop living]. An individual liv- 
ing organism. 
bionecrosis (bi-o-nek-ro'sis). Same as necrobiosis. 
bionergy (bi-on'er-je) [Gr. 0los life 4- epyop work]. 
Life-force; the force exercised in the living organ- 
ism. 
BiONOsH^O. Bismuth subnitrate. 
bionomics (bi-o-nom'iks) [Gr. 0los life 4- pbpos 
law]. The study of the relations of organisms to 
their environment; ecology. 
bionomy (bi-on'om-e) [Gr. 0los life 4- pbpos law]. 
The sum of knowledge regarding the laws of life. 
bionosis (bi-o-no'sis) [Gr. ^los life + poaos disease]. 
Any disease caused by living agencies, as bac- 
teria or parasites. 
biophagism, biophagy (bi-of'aj-izm, bi-of'aj-e) 
[Gr. ^ios life 4- ipayeip to eat]. The eating or ab- 
sorption of living matter. 
biophagous (bi-of'ag-us). Feeding on living matter, 
biophore (bi'o-for) [Gr. ^tos life 4- <popbs bearing]. 
Any one of the smallest living organisms which 
exhibit vital forces; one of the ultimate molecules 
of living matter. According to Weismann. the 
biophores are aggregated into groups called de- 
terminants, which are beyond the power of vision 
by the microscope, these groups being gathered 
into larger ones called ids, which are the visible 
chromatin granules, and these in turn into larger 
groups called idants, which are the chromosomes, 
biophoric (bi-o-for'ik). Relating to biophores. 
biophysics (bi-o-fiz'iks) [Gr. Pios life 4- physics]. 
The physics of vital processes. 
biophysiography (bi"o-fiz-e-og'raf-e) [Gr. plot life 
4- physiography]. Structural or descriptive bi- 
ology. 
biophysiology (bi"o-fiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. (dios life 4* 
<pyats nature 4- \byos discourse]. That part of 
biology which includes organogeny, morphology, 
and physiology. 
bioplasia (bi-o-pla'se-ah) [Gr. ^ios life 4* TrXdaaeiv 
to form]. The storing up of food energy in the 
form of growth. 
bioplasm (bi'o-plazm) [Gr. {di. os life 4- irXaapa. 
plasm], 1. The primitive matter out of which 
organized tissues are composed; protoplasm. 2. BIOPLASMIC 
173 
BIRHINIA 
The more essential or vital part of protoplasm, 
contrasted with the paraplasm. 3. A proprietary 
preparation used as a nerve tonic. 
bioplasmic (bi-o-plaz'mik). Of or pertaining to 
bioplasm. 
bioplasmin (bi-o-plaz'min). A substance supposed 
to exist in all living cells which is essential to the 
functionating of the cell, but which gradually 
becomes exhausted, causing a diminution of meta- 
bolic activity. 
bioplasminogen (bi"o-plaz-min'o-jen). The sup- 
posed substance from which bioplasmin is de- 
veloped during embryonic growth, and which is 
itself formed by the junction of substances (called 
spermatoplasmon and ovoplasmon) in the ele- 
mentary male and female cells. 
bioplasson (bi-o-plas'on) [Gr. filos life + irXauauv 
forming]. Protoplasm. 
bioplast (bi'o-plast). An independently existing 
mass of living matter. 
bioplastic (bi-o-plas'tik) [see bioplasia], Aiding in 
growth: said of food energy. 
biopsy (bi'op-se) [Gr. filos life + 0^1$ vision]. Di- 
agnostic examination of a piece of tissue removed 
from a living subject. 
biopsychic, biopsychical (bi-o-si'kik, bi-o-si'- 
kik-al). Pertaining to psychic phenomena in their 
relation to the living organism. 
biopyoculture (bi-o-pi'o-kul-tur) [Gr. filos life + 
tcvov pus + culture], A culture made from pus 
whose cells are alive. 
biorbital (bi-or'bit-al) [L. bis twice 4- o/bita 
orbit]. Pertaining to both orbits. 
biorgan (bi'or-gan). A physiologic organ as distin- 
guished from a morphologic organ or idorgan. 
biorontgenography (bi"o-rent-gen-o^raf-e) [Gr. 
filos life + rbntgenography]. The making of kine- 
matographic x-ray pictures. 
bios (bi'os) [Gr. dias life]. A substance occurring in 
yeast cultures, supposed to be essential to the 
growth of yeast anywhere. 
bioscope (bi'o-skop) [Gr. filos life + vKo-rreiv to in- 
spect], An instrument used in bioscopy. 
bioscopy (bi-os'ko-pe) [Gr. filos life 4- aKoireiv to 
inspect]. 1. The examination of the body to see 
whether or not life is extinct. 2. Examination 
of the dead fetus with respect to its viability when 
born. 
biose (bi'os). A sugar containing two carbon atoms, 
biosin (bi'o-sin). An iron-albumin-lecithin nu- 
trient preparation. 
biosis (bi-o'sis) [Gr. filos life]. Vitality or life. 
bioson (bi'o-son). An albuminate of iron lecithin 
nutrient preparation. 
biostatics (bi-o-stat'iks) [Gr. filos life 4* crraTiKos 
standing]. The science of the structure of or- 
ganisms in relation to their function. 
biosulphol (bi-o-sul'fol). A colloidal sulphur prep- 
aration, given by the mouth in skin diseases and 
joint affections. 
biota (bi'o-tah) [Gr. filos life]. All the living things 
of a region; the combined flora and fauna of a 
region. 
biotaxis, biotaxy (bi-o-tak'sis, bi'o-tak-se) [Gr. 
filos life 4- ra^s arrangement]. 1. The selecting 
and arranging powers of living cells. 2. The 
systematic classification of living organisms. 
biotic (bi-ot'ik). 1. Pertaining to life or living 
matter. 2. Pertaining to the biota. 
biotics (bi-ot'iks) [Gr. 0iutlk6s living]. The func- 
tions and qualities peculiar to living organisms, 
or the sum of knowledge regarding these qualities. 
biotomy (bi-ot'o-me) [Gr. filos life 4- ropp a cut- 
ting], 1. The study of animal and plant structure 
by dissection. 2. Vivisection. 
biotoxin (bi-o-tok'sin) [Gr. filos life 4- toxin], A 
toxin from the tissue of the body. 
biotripsis (bi-o-trip'sis) [Gr. ^los life 4- rub- 
bing], Wearing away of the skin, seen in old people. 
Biot's breathing or respiration (be-oz') [Camille 
Biot, French physician of the nineteenth century]. 
See under respiration. 
bio type (bi'o-tip) [Gr. files life 4" type], A group of 
individuals possessing the same genotype or funda- 
mental hereditary constitution. 
biovular (bi-ov'u-lar) [L. bis twice 4- ovular], De- 
rived from two ova, referring especially to twins. 
B. I.P. See Morison's method, under method. 
bipalatinoid (bi-pal-at'in-oid). A gelatin capsule 
partitioned into two compartments for the safe 
administration of two incompatible drugs. 
bipara (bip'ar-ah) [L. bi- two + parere to give 
birth]. A woman who has borne two children. 
biparasitic (bi"par-as-it'ik). Living parasitically 
upon a parasite. 
biparental (bi-par-en'tal). Derived from two 
parents, male and female. 
biparietal (bi-par-i'et-al). Pertaining to the two 
parietal eminences. 
biparous (bip'a-rus) [L. bi two + par1 ere to pro- 
duce]. Producing two at a birth. 
bipartite (bi-par'tit) [L. biparti'tus], Having two 
parts or divisions. 
biped (bi'ped) [L. bi two 4- pes foot], i. Having 
two feet. 2. An animal with two feet. 
bipedal (bip'ed-al). With, or pertaining to, both 
feet. 
bipenniform (bi-pen'if-orm). Doubly feather- 
shaped: said of muscles whose fibers are arranged 
on each side of a tendon, like the parts on the shaft 
of a feather. 
biperforate (bi-peFfo-rat). Having two perfo- 
rations. 
bipolar (bi-po'lar). i. Having two poles or proc- 
esses. 2. Pertaining to both poles. 3. A two- 
poled nerve-cell, rod b., any one of those bi- 
polar nerve-cells which are related to the termi- 
nations of the rod-visual cells. 
Bipola'ris sep'ticus. The group of bacteria 
causing hemorrhagic septicemia. See Pasteurella. 
bipp. See Morison's method, under method. 
bipubiotomy (bi"pu-be-ot'o-me) [L. bis twice + 
pubiotomy], See ischiopubiotomy. 
biramous (bi-ra'mus) [L. bi two 4- ra'mus branch]. 
Consisting of, or possessing, two branches. 
birch (bertsh). Any tree or shrub of the genus 
Bet'ula. The tarry oil of Bet'ula al'ba (white 
birch), and the volatile oil of B. len'ta (black birch), 
are used in medicine. 
Bircher's operation (ber'kerz) [Heinrich Bircher, 
Swiss surgeon, born 1850]. See under operation. 
Birch-Hirschfeld's stain (bersh-hersh'felts) 
[Felix Victor Birch-Hirschfeld, German patholo- 
gist, born 1842]. See stains, table of. 
bird-arm. Reduction in size of the forearm from 
atrophy of the muscles. 
bird-leg. Reduction in size of the leg from 
atrophy of the muscles. 
bird-lime (berd'lim) [bird 4- L. li'mus slime], A 
viscous or gummy substance of various origin, 
used for catching small birds; some kinds are 
employed to some extent in dressing wounds 
and sores. 
Bird's formula, treatment [Golding Bird, Eng- 
lish physician, 1814-1854]. See formula and treat- 
ment. 
Bird's sign [Samuel Dugan Bird, contemporary 
Australian physician]. See sign. 
birefractive, birefringent (bi-re-frak'tiv, bi-re- 
frin'jent) [L. bis twice + refran' gere to break up]. 
Doubly refractive. 
birhinia (bi-rin'e-ah) [L. bi two + Gr. pls nose]. 
Double nose. BIRKETT'S HERNIA 
174 
BISMUTH 
Birkett's hernia (ber'kets) [John Birkett, English 
surgeon of the nineteenth century]. See under 
hernia. 
birotation (bi-ro-ta'shun). The phenomenon of 
displaying two different rotatory powers at dif- 
ferent times, exhibited by certain glucose solu- 
tions. Cf. mutarotation. 
birth (berth). 1. The act or process of being 
born. 2. That which is born. b.-control, regu- 
lation of number and time of birth of offspring 
by prevention of conception, cross-b., preter- 
natural labor with fetus lying transversely, dead- 
b., birth of a fetus which, during or before birth, 
has lost all signs of antenatal life, heart-beat, pul- 
sation, movement, head-b., a birth in which 
the head presents, b.-mark, a congenital nevus, 
b.-palsy, any paralytic affection due to an injury 
at birth, premature b., expulsion of the fetus 
after the sixth month, but before full term, still- 
b., birth of a fetus exhibiting heart-beat, but not 
pulmonary respiration. Such a fetus may die or 
may possibly be resuscitated. 
bisacromial (bis-ak-ro'me-al). Pertaining to the 
two acromial processes. 
bisalt (bi'salt). An acid salt. 
bisaxillary (bis-ak'sil-a-re). Pertaining to both 
axilla^. 
bische (bish). A malignant form of dysentery 
prevalent in Trinadad. 
Bischoff's crown (bish'ofs) [Theodor Ludwig 
Wilhelm von Bischoff, German anatomist, 1807- 
1882]. See crown. 
Bischoff's operation (bish'ofs) [Johann Jacob 
Bischoff, German gynecologist, born 1841]. See 
operation. 
Bischoff's test (bish'ofs) [Carl Adam Bischoff, 
German chemist, born 1855]. See under test. 
biscuit (bis'ket). 1. A small loaf or cake of bread. 
2. Porcelain which has undergone the first baking, 
before it is subjected to the glazing or enameling, 
diabetic b., a form of bread or cake devised for 
the use of diabetics. 
biscuiting (bis'ket-ing). The first baking of por- 
celain paste, by which biscuit is formed. 
bisection (bi-sek'shun) [L. bis twice 4- seeftio a 
cut]. A cutting into two parts. 
bisexual (bi-sek'shu-al) [L. bis twice + sex'us sex]. 
Having the reproductive organs of both sexes; 
hermaphrodite; also having sexual feeling for both 
sexes. 
bisferious (bis-fe're-us) [L. bis twice + feri're to 
beat]. Having two beats. 
bisiliac (bis-il'e-ak) [L. bis twice + iliac]. Pertain- 
ing to the two most remote points of the iliac crests. 
Bis. in d. Abbreviation for L. bis in di'e, twice a day. 
Biskra button (bis'krah). See furunculus ori- 
entalis. 
bismal (biz'mal). Bismuth methylene digallate, 
^CisH^Ok) 4- 3Bi(OH).t, a bluish powder, insoluble 
in water, soluble in alkalis, and used as an as- 
tringent in diarrhea. Dose, i|-4| gr. (0.1-0.3 gm.). 
Bismarck brown. See under brown. 
bismon (biz'mon). Colloidal oxid of bismuth, con- 
taining 20 per cent, of bismuth. 
bismutal (biz'mu-tal). An astringent and anti- 
septic mixture of bismuth-sodium phosphate and 
sodium salicylate. 
bismutan (biz'mu-tan). A bright-yellow, insoluble 
powder, said to contain bismuth, resorcinol, and 
tannic acid: recommended for the diarrhea of 
children. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 gm.) every 
two hours. 
bismuth (biz'muth) [L. bismu'thum]. A silver- 
white metal, atomic weight 208, symbol Bi: its 
salts are much used in medicine, especially in in- 
flammatory diseases of the stomach and intestine, 
b. albuminate, a white or grayish, insoluble 
powder: used for intestinal and gastric cramps. 
Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.), b. and ammonium 
citrate, a white, crystalline compound: astrin- 
gent in intestinal irritation. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.065- 
0.324 gm.), b. benzoate, a whitish, tasteless 
powder, BKCcHsCOzhBKOHja: an external and in- 
ternal antiseptic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.), b. 
beta-naphtholate. See orphol. b. boro- 
phenate, a compound used as an antiseptic 
dusting-powder, b. carbolate, Bi^OH^CgHsO, a 
grayish-white powder: used as an intestinal anti- 
septic in doses of 5-15 gr. (0.324-1 gm.), b. 
cerium salicylate, a bismuth salt, in the form 
of a pinkish, insoluble powder: used in enteritis, 
diarrhea, etc. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.32-1 gm.), b. 
chrysophanate. See dermal, b. citrate, an 
amorphous powder, BiCgHsCh, used in pharmacy 
and in the preparation of other bismuth remedies, 
b. cresolate, a grayish-white, tasteless, and odor- 
less powder: an intestinal antiseptic and a good 
substitute for iodoform, b. disalicylate. See 
gastrosan. b. dithiosalicylate. See thioform. 
b. lactate, a white powder, C3H4O3:Bi.C3H«,O3: 
used in diarrhea in doses of 1 to 2 gr. (0.065-0.13 
gm.), b. loretinate, an antiseptic and astringent 
combination of bismuth and loretin: used exter- 
nally for wounds and skin diseases, and internally 
for the diarrhea of tuberculosis. Dose, 7| gr. 
(0.5 gm.), b. metacresolate. A pale gray 
powder (75 per cent, of bismuth, 17.5 per cent, 
of metacresol), antiseptic: used in diseases of the 
alimentary canal, b. naphtholate, a compound 
of bismuth with cresol, phenol, and beta-naphthol: 
used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.3-1 gm.). Called also naphthol-bismuth and 
orphol. b. nitrate, used as an astringent in 
phthisical diarrhea. Dose, 5 gr. (0.3 gm.), b. ole- 
ate, an insoluble emollient and astringent pow- 
der, Bi(Ci7H33CO2)s: used externally in skin dis- 
eases. b. oxid, a powder of a dull lemon-yellow 
color, BiaOs, used like bismuth subnitrate in doses 
of 10-30 gr. (0.65-2 gm.), b. oxybromid, an im- 
palpable yellowish powder, BiOBr, to be given in a 
tragacanth emulsion: it is useful in nervous dys- 
pepsia. b. oxychlorid, a white powder, some- 
times known as pearl white, BiOCl, used like bis- 
muth subnitrate, b. oxyiodid, a brownish-red 
powder, BiOI, a local antiseptic: useful in certain 
stomach diseases. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 gm.), 
b. oxy-iodo-gallate. See airoform. b. oxy- 
iodopyrogallate, a fine, yellowish-red powder, 
C6Ho(OH)2.O.Bi(OH)I, recommended as a sur- 
gical antiseptic powder, pancreatinized b., a 
proprietary remedy for dyspepsia. Dose, 15-75 gr. 
(1-5 gm.), b. peptonate, a remedy for gastral- 
gia and dyspepsia. Dose, 15-75 gr. (1-5 gm.). 
An antiseptic: used for diseases of the digestive 
organs-bismuth, 27.5 per cent., phenol, 22 per 
cent. b. permanganate, a black, bulky pow- 
der, BifMnChh: used as an antiseptic dusting- 
powder. b. phenolate, a gray powder, CeHj- 
0Bi(0H)2: used as an antiseptic in digestive dis- 
orders. b. phosphate, a white powder: used 
as an intestinal antiseptic and astringent. Dose, 
3_7i gr- (0.3-0.5 gm.), b. pyrogallate, a yellow 
powder, CeHs-OH.O.O.BiOH: used as an internal 
and external antiseptic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 
gm.). Called also helcosol. b. resorcinate, a 
yellowish-brown powder, Bi2O3.3(CgH4O2)3Bi2: used 
in gastric catarrhs, b. salicylate, a white, taste- 
less, and insoluble powder for internal and external 
use. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.), b. subcar- 
bonate, a yellowish-white, insoluble powder, 
(BiO^COs + H2O: used like the subnitrate. 
Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.666-2 gm.), b. subgallate, 
dermatol, a yellow powder, Bi(OH)2CO2C6H2(OH)2: 
used as a non-toxic siccative antiseptic in ulcers, 
wounds, burns, etc., and internally in gastro- 
intestinal affections. Dose, 30 gr. (2 gm.) daily, 
b. subnitrate, a white, insoluble powder, Bi- 
ONO3 + H2O: used mainly in gastric disorders. 
Dose, 10-60gr. (0.666-4 gm.), b. subsalicylate, 
a white, amorphous powder, Bi(C6H4OHCO2)sBi2- 
O3: used as an intestinal antiseptic in diarrhea and BISMUTHOL 
175 
BLADDER 
typhoid fever. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.32-1 gm.), b. 
sulphocarbolate, a purplish-red powder: an 
intestinal antiseptic, b. sulphophenate, a 
reddish powder, sparingly soluble in water: used in 
dyspepsia. Dose, 3-5 gr. (o. 2-0.3 gm-). b. 
tannate, used as an astringent in diarrhea, dys- 
entery, etc. b. tribromphenate. See xero- 
form. b. trioxid, bismuth oxid, Bi2O3- Dose, 3 
gr. (0.2 gm.), b. valerate, b. valerianate, a 
white, insoluble powder, BKCsHsCbh: useful in 
gastrodynia and neuralgia. Dose, 5-2 gr. (0.032- 
0.13 gm.). 
bismuthol (biz'mu-thol). An astringent and anti- 
septic preparation containing bismuth and sali- 
cylic acid. 
bismuthos (biz'mu-thos). An albuminous prepara- 
tion containing 21.7 per cent, of metallic bismuth, 
employed in digestive disorders, particularly of 
children. 
bismuthosis (biz-mu-tho'sis). A state of chronic 
poisoning from the misuse of bismuth; also, an 
alleged deposit of a bismuth salt in the gums: 
the existence of these conditions has been dis- 
puted. 
bismuthyl (biz'mu-thil). The radical BiO, found 
in various bismuth compounds. 
bismutose (biz'mu-toz). A bismuth preparation, 
a yellowish, insoluble powder, containing 21 per 
cent, of metallic bismuth: used as an astringent 
in infantile diarrhea and gastro-enteritis. 
bisol (bi'sol). A soluble combination of bismuth 
phosphate and bismuth oxid: used in intestinal 
and gastric affections. 
bispheric (bi-sfer'ik). Spheric on both sides. 
bissa (bis'ah). A dropsical disease of lower Egypt 
affecting men and sheep, attributed to the feeding 
of the latter on a plant called bisse. 
bistephanic (bi-ste-fan'ik). Pertaining to the two 
stephanions. 
bistort (bis'tort) [L. bis twice + torfus twisted]. 
The plant, Polyg'onum bistorfa: its root (L. bis- 
10/tee ra'dix) is a mild astringent. Dose in powder, 
20-30 gr. (1.29-2 gm.). 
bistoury (bis'too-re) [Fr. bistouri]. A long, narrow, 
surgical knife, straight or curved. 
bistratal (bi-stra'tal) [L. bis twice + stra'tum 
layer]. Disposed in two layers. 
bisulphate (bi-sul'fat). A salt having two equiva- 
lents of sulphate to one of a base. An acid sulphate, 
bisulphid (bi-sul'fid). A compound of sulphur 
and an element containing two atoms of sulphur 
to one of the other element. 
bisulphite (bi-sul'flt) An acid sulphite; a sul- 
phite containing twice as much sulphuric acid as 
the ordinary sulphite in proportion to the base. 
bita higoidea (bi'tah hi-goi'de-ah). Xanthoma, 
bitartrate (bi-taFtrat) Any tartrate with twice 
the amount of acid contained in a normal salt in 
proportion to the base. 
bite (bit). 1. Seizure with the teeth. 2. In dentis- 
try, an imprint of the teeth or gums in some 
plastic material, used in making artificial dentures. 
bitemporal (bi-tem'po-ral). Pertaining to both 
temples or temporal bones. 
bitrochanteric (bi"tro-kan-ter'ik). Pertaining 
to both trochanters. 
bitropel (bi'tro-pel). A proprietary name for cap- 
sules of gelatin and glycerin containing medicinal 
preparations. 
bitter (bit'er) [L. ama'rus]. 1. Having an austere 
and unpalatable taste, like that of quinin. 2. Any 
medicinal agent that has a bitter taste. 
bitter-bark. The bark of a tree, Alsto'nia constric'- 
ta, of New South Wales and Queensland: used as a 
febrifuge. 
bitters (bit'erz). A popular name for various alco- 
holic medicines and drinks: often used as tonics, 
alteratives, or appetizers. Angostura b., a 
bitter tonic prepared from angustura (q. v.) bark, 
aromatic b., bitter vegetable drugs which have 
an aromatic quality, simple b., any drug with 
a bitter taste, which has no general influence 
upon the system except through its action upon 
the stomach and intestine. Stoughton b., the 
compound tincture of absinthe. styptic b., 
bitter drugs with a markedly astringent quality. 
Swedish b., compound tincture of aloes. 
bittersweet (bit'er-swet). See dulcamara and 
Celastrus scandens. 
Bittorf's reaction (bit'orfs) [Alexander Bittorf, 
contemporary German physician]. See reaction. 
bitumen (bit-u'men) [L.]. Any one of various 
natural and artificial dry petroleum products. 
bituminol (bit-u'min-ol). Ammonium sulpho- 
bituminolate: used as a substitute for ichthyol. 
biurate (bi-u'rat). An acid urate; a monobasic salt 
of uric acid. 
biuret (bi-u'ret) [L. bis double + urea]. A deriva- 
tive of urea, H2NCO-NH-CO-NH2, equivalent to 
two molecules of urea less one of ammonia. b. 
reaction. See biuret test, under test. 
bivalence (biv'al-ens) [L. bis twice -f- va'lens pow- 
erful]. A chemic valence double that of the hydro- 
gen atom. 
bivalent (biv'al-ent). 1. Having a valence of two. 
2. Representing or composed of two chromosomes 
joined end to end. 
bivalve (bi'valv) [L. bis twice + val'va valve]. 
Having two valves. 
biventer (bi'ven-ter) [L. bi two + ven'ter belly]- 
A part or organ (as a muscle) with two bellies. 
See muscles, table of. 
biventral (bi-ven'tral). Having two bellies: di- 
gastric. 
bivo (bi'vo). A proprietary preparation of meat 
extract, iron, glucose, and alcohol. 
bixin (bik'sin) [L.Bix'a a plant-genus]. Anorange- 
red color or stain, Ci9H28O2> from annotto (q. v.). 
bizygomatic (bi"zi-go-mat'ik) [L. bi two + Gr. 
zygoma]. Pertaining to the two most prom- 
inent points on the two zygomatic arches. 
Bizzozero's corpuscles (bit-sot'ser-oz) [Giulio 
Bizzozero, Italian physician, 1846-1901]. See 
corpuscle. 
black (blak). Reflecting no light or true color; of 
the darkest hue. bone-b. See charcoal, ani- 
mal. 
black corsair. See Melanolestes. 
Black death. The great pandemic of plague in 
1348. 
Black's formula [J. A. Black, contemporary 
English army surgeon]. See under formula. 
blackberry (blak'ber-e). The fruit of various spe- 
cies of Ru'bus. See Rubus. 
blackhead. 1. A comedo. 2. A disease of tur- 
keys. See enterohepatitis, 2d def. 
blackleg. See symptomatic anthrax, under an- 
thrax. 
blacklegine (blak-leg-en'). A vaccine for protec- 
tive inoculation against blackleg. 
black-tooth (blak'-tooth). Blackness of the teeth 
of hogs, due to accumulation of tartar. 
blackwater fever (blak'wat-er). See fever. 
bladder (blad'er) [L. vesi'ca and cysfis]. 1. The 
membranous sac, situated in the anterior part of 
the pelvic cavity, which serves as a reservoir for 
the urine. 2. Any sac or receptacle for a secre- 
tion. brain-b., any one of the embryonic cere- 
bral vesicles, fasciculated b., a bladder which, 
from hypertrophy of the muscular coat, is ridged 
on its inner surface. gall-b. See gall-bladder. 
irritable b., a state of the bladder marked by a 
constant desire to urinate, nervous b., a condi- 
tion characterized by a constant desire to urinate BLADDER-WRACK 
176 
BLASTOSPORE 
without the power to do so completely, saccu- 
lated b., a bladder with pouches between the 
hypertrophied muscular fibers, stammering 
b., a bladder which acts spasmodically, causing 
irregular urination, urinary b. See bladder, 
ist def. 
bladder-wrack (blad"er-rak'). See Fucus vesicu- 
losus. 
Blagden's law (blag'denz) [Charles Blagden, Eng- 
lish surgeon, 1748-1820]. See under law. 
Blainville's ear (blah'velz) [Henri Marie Ducrotay 
de Blainville, French zoologist, 1778-1850]. See 
under ear. 
Blake's disk (blakz) [Clarence John Blake, Boston 
otologist, 1843-1919]. See under disk. 
Blancard's pills (blan'kardz) [Stephen Blancard, 
Dutch physician, 1650-1702]. See under pill. 
Blanchard's method (blantsh'ardz) [Wallace 
Blanchard, Chicago surgeon, born 1857]. See 
under treatment. 
bland (bland) [L. blan'dus]. Mild or soothing. 
Blandin's gland (blah-daz') [Philippe Frederic 
Blandin, French surgeon, 1798-1847]. See gland. 
blanquets (blaw-kaz'). Old French for lepers. 
Blasius' duct (blah'se-ooz) [Ernst Blasius, German 
surgeon, 1802-1875]. See duct. 
blast (blast) [Gr. 0Xa<rrbs germ]. 1. A nucleated 
erythrocyte. 2. One of the small filamentous 
spindles formed by the splitting up of nerves. 
blastema (blas-te'mah) [Gr. ^Xaarrjpa shoot]. The 
rudimentary substance from which cells, tissues, 
and organs are formed; embryonic tissue. 
blastid, biastide (blas'tid, blas'tid). The first 
indication of a nucleus in a fertilized ovum. 
blastin (blas'tin). A substance which stimulates 
or increases cell proliferation; a substance provid- 
ing alimentation for cells. 
blastocele, blastocoele (blas'to-sel) [Gr. 0Xaaros 
germ + koiXos hollow]. The cavity of a blastula 
or vesicular morula. 
blastochyle (blas'to-kil) [Gr. ffXaarbs germ + 
XvXbs juice]. The fluid contained in the blasto- 
cele. 
blastocyst (blas'to-sist) [Gr. 0Xaffrbs germ + 
Kvaris cyst]. The germinal vesicle. 
Blastocys'tis hom'inis. A vegetable micro- 
organism allied to the yeast, appearing in the form 
of a spherical cystic structure 5-15 p in diameter. 
It is frequently found in the stools of patients who 
have lived in tropical climates. 
blastocyte (blas'to-sit) [Gr. fiXaarbs germ + kIttos 
cell]. An embryonic cell that has not yet become 
differentiated. 
blastocytoma (blas"to-si-to'mah). A tumor com- 
posed of undifferentiated tissue. 
blastoderm (blas'to-derm) [Gr. 0Xaarbs germ -f- 
beppa skin]. The delicate membrane which lines 
the zona pellucida of the impregnated ovum. The 
blastoderm is formed by the cells (blastomeres) 
which result from the splitting up of the ovum 
after impregnation, and have been pushed from 
the center of the accumulation of the blastochyle. 
The blastoderm forms a hollow sphere (blasto- 
dermic vesicle), trilaminar b.( the stage of de- 
velopment in which the embryo is represented by 
the three primary layers: the ectoderm, the meso- 
derm, and the entoderm. 
blastodermal, blastodermic (blas-to-der'mal, 
blas-to-der'mik) [Gr. 0Xaarbs germ + Seppa skin]. 
Pertaining to the blastoderm. 
blastodisk (blas'to-disk) [Gr. fiXaurbs germ + 
biakos disk], A disk or mass that caps one pole 
of the yolk. 
blastogenesis (blas-to-jen'es-is) [see blastogeny]. 
1. Reproduction by budding. 2. Transmission of 
inherited characters by the germ-plasm. 
blastogenetic (blas-to-jen-et'ik). Same as blas- 
togenic. 
blastogenic (blas-to-jen'ik). Originating in the 
germ or germ-cell. 
blastogeny (blas-toj'en-e) [Gr. 0Xaffros germ + 
yeveffts generation]. The germ-history of an or- 
ganism or species. 
blastolysis (blas-tol'is-is) [Gr. 0Xa<jrbs germ + 
Xmls dissolution]. Destruction or splitting up of 
germ substance. 
blastoma (blas-to'mah), pL blasto'mata [Gr. 0Xaff- 
tos germ + oma], i. A true tumor; a tumor, not 
teratogenous, which exhibits an independent local- 
ized growth. 2. Blastocytoma. autochthon- 
ous b., a tumor which arises in a body by pro- 
liferation of cells belonging to that body, heter- 
ochthonous b. Same as teratogenous b. pleu- 
ricentric b., a neoplasm which arises from a 
number of scattered cells or groups of cells, tera- 
togenous b., a tumor formed of one order of 
cell, not from the tissues of the host, but from the 
tissues of another individual within the host, 
unicentric b., a tumor arising from one cell or 
from a single group of cells. 
blastomatoid (blas-to'mat-oid) [blastoma + Gr. 
elbos form]. Resembling blastomata. 
biastomatosis (blas-to-mat-o'sis). The develop- 
ment of blastomata. 
blastomere (blas'to-mer) [Gr. fiXatr-ros germ + 
pepos a part]. Any cell or cell-mass of the blasto- 
derm; one of the masses which constitute the 
morula. 
blastomerotomy (blas"to-mer-ot'o-me) [blasto- 
mere + Gr. Topi) a cut]. Destruction of a blasto- 
mere or of blastomeres. 
Blastomyces (blas-tom'is-ez), pl. blastomyce'tes [Gr. 
fiXavrbs germ + pvK-qs fungus]. A genus of yeasts, 
morphologically the same as Saccharomyces. 
The term is applied to the yeasts pathogenic for 
man and animals. B. coccidioi'des, a species 
causing coccidioid granuloma in man: called also 
Oidium coccidioides. B. dermatit'idis, a species 
causing blastomycetic dermatitis in man. B. 
fare imino sus, a species causing blastomycotic 
epizootic lymphangitis in horses. 
blastomycetes (blas-to-mi-se'tez). Plural of 
blastomyces. 
blastomycosis (blas-to-mi-ko'sis). The disease 
produced by the presence of blastomycetes in the 
tissues. See Blastomyces and blastomycetic derma- 
titis, under dermatitis. 
blastoneuropore (blas-to-nu'ro-por) [Gr. BXaarbs 
germ + vevpov nerve + irbpos pore]. In certain 
embryos, a temporary aperture formed by the 
coalescence of the blastopore and neuropore. 
blastophore (blas'to-for) [Gr. 0Xa<rrbs germ + 
<pepei.v to bear]. That part of a sperm-cell or 
spermatoblast that is not converted into sperm- 
atozoa. 
blastophthoria (blas-tof-tho're-ah) [Gr. fiXavrbs 
germ + ipOopa. corruption]. Degeneration of the 
germ-cells from poisoning by lead, alcohol, syphilis, 
etc. 
blastophthoric (blas-tof-tho'rik). Pertaining to 
blastophthoria. 
blastophyllum (blas-to-fil'um) [Gr. fiXaffros germ 
+ <pbXXov leaf]. A primitive germ-layer. 
blastophyly (blas-tof'il-e) [Gr. ^Xaarbs germ + 
<pvXi] tribe]. The tribal history, or arrangement, 
of organisms. 
blastopore (blas'to-por) [Gr. fiXaffros germ + 
irbpos opening]. The small opening produced by 
invagination of the blastula into the notochordal 
canal. It communicates with the archenteron. 
Called also protostoma and anus of Rusconi. 
blastosphere (blas'to-sfer) [Gr. 0Xa<rrbs germ + 
atpaipa. sphere]. Same as blastula. 
blastospore (blas'to-spor) [Gr. fiXaffros germ + 
spore]. A spore formed by budding from a hypha. BLASTOSTROM A 
177 
BLEPHAROPLAST 
blasiostroma (blas-to-stro'mah). That part of 
the egg which takes an active part in the formation 
of the blastoderm. 
blastotomy (blas-tot'o-me). Same as blastomer- 
otomy. 
blastula (blas'tu-lah), pl. blas'tulce [L.]. The stage 
of the development of the egg which follows cleav- 
age when the cells are arranged in a single layer to 
form a hollow sphere. 
blastular (blas'tu-lar). Pertaining to the blastula, 
blastulation (blas-tu-la'shun). The formation of 
the blastula. 
Blatta (blat'ah) [L.]. A genus of insects-the cock- 
roaches. The dried insects are used as a diuretic, 
and afford antihydropin, taracannin, and blattic 
acid. Dose of Blat'ta orienta'lis, in powder, 2-8 
gr. (0.133-0.528 gm.). Cockroaches are among 
the commonest and most offensive of the insects 
which frequent human habitations. B. germanica, 
the German roach, now widely distributed. Called 
the Croton bug. It is light brown in color and 
small in size. B. orientalis, the black beetle, a 
common European species. 
Blaud's pill (bloz) [French physician, 1774-1858]. 
See under pill. 
blaze (blaz). An electric current which passes 
through living tissue when a mechanic stimulus 
is applied, b. current. See under current. 
blear-eye (bler'i). Marginal blepharitis, or lip- 
pitude. 
bleb (bleb). Any bulla or skin-vesicle filled with 
fluid. 
bleeder (ble'der). 1. One who bleeds freely or is 
subject to the hemorrhagic diathesis. 2. One who 
lets blood. 
bleeding (ble'ding). 1. The flowing of blood. 2. 
The letting of blood, occult b., hemorrhage of 
such small proportions that the blood can be de- 
tected only by chemic test, the microscope, or 
the spectroscope. 
blenal (blen'al). A yellow, oily liquid, santalol 
carbonate: used in gonorrhea. 
blennadenitis (blen'ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. ^Xewos mu- 
cus + abrjv gland + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of mucous glands. 
blennaphrosin (blen-af'ro-sin). A preparation of 
a double salt of potassium nitrate and hexamethyl- 
enamin with extract of kava-kava: used in gonor- 
rhea and cystitis. 
blennemesis (blen-em'es-is) [Gr. ^Xewos mucus 
+ ipecrts vomiting]. The vomiting of mucus. 
blennogenic, blennogenous (blen-o-jen'ik, blen- 
oj'en-us) [Gr. ^Xevvos mucus 4* yevvav to produce]. 
Producing mucus. 
blennoid (blen'oid) [Gr. ^Xluvos mucus + elbos 
form]. Resembling mucus. 
blennorrhagia (blen-o-ra'je-ah) [Gr. QXevvos mu- 
cus + p-qyvbvac to break forth], 1. Any discharge of. 
mucus. 2. Gonorrhea. 
blennorrhagic (blen-o-raj'ik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of blennorrhagia. 
blennorrhea (blen-or-e'ah) [Gr. fdXewos mucus 4- 
pota flow]. A free discharge from the mucous 
surfaces, especially a gonorrheal discharge from 
the urethra or vagina; gonorrhea, b. adulto'- 
rum, gonorrheal ophthalmia, b. alveola'ris, 
pyorrhoea alveolaris. inclusion b., conjunctivitis 
of the newborn caused by Chlamydozoa. b. neo- 
nato'rum, ophthalmia neonatorum. Stoerk's 
b., blennorrhea with profuse chronic suppuration, 
producing hypertrophy of the mucosa of the nose, 
pharynx, and larynx. 
blennorrheal (blen-or-e'al). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of blennorrhea. 
blennostasin (blen-o-sta'sin). A bitter yellowish 
compound, C19H22N2O(HBr2), or cinchonidin 
dihydrobromid. It is a vasoconstrictor and blen- 
nostatic, and is used in catarrhs of the respiratory 
tract. Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.06-0.26 gm.). 
blennostasis (blen-os'tas-is) [Gr. fiXevvos mucus 
+ ar dais standing]. The suppression of an ab- 
normal mucous discharge, or the correction of an 
excessive one. 
blennostatic (blen-o-stat'ik) [Gr. (3Xevvos mucus 
4* laravai to halt]. Corrective of an excess of a 
mucous secretion. 
blennothorax (blen-o-tho'raks) [Gr. QXevvos mu- 
cus + 0upa^ chest]. An accumulation of mucus 
in the chest. x 
blennuria (blen-u're-ah) [Gr. ^Xevvos mucus 4- 
ovpov urine]. The existence of mucus in the urine. 
blenol (ble'nol). A solution of hydrastin and the 
double citrate of bismuth: used locally and in- 
ternally in disease of mucous surfaces. Dose, 10-40 
min. (0.62-2.5 c.c.). 
blenorrhol (blen'or-ol). A preparation of protargol 
and gelatin. 
blepharadenitis (blef"ar-ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. (3Xe<p- 
apov eyelid -T abr/v gland 4- -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the meibomian glands. 
blepharal (blefar-al). Pertaining to the eyelids. 
blepharelosis (blef-ar-el-o'sis) [Gr. fiXetpapov eye- 
lid + eiXeip to roll]. Ingrowing of the eyelashes; 
entropion. 
blepharism (blef'ar-izm) [L. blepharis'mus; Gr. 
pXe<papl^ei.v to wink]. Spasm of the eyelids; con- 
tinuous blinking. 
blepharitis (blef-ar-i'tis) [Gr. fiXipapov eyelid + 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of the eyelids, 
b. cilia'ris, b. margina'lis, a chronic inflam- 
mation of the hair-follicles and sebaceous glands 
of the margins of the eyelids.' b. squamo'sa, 
a marginal blepharitis in which the edges of the 
lids become scaly, b. ulcero'sa, an ulcerous 
form of marginal blepharitis. 
blepharo-adenitis (blef"ar-o-ad-en-i'tis). See 
blepharadenitis. 
blepharo-adenoma (blef"ar-o-ad-en-o'mah), pl. 
bleph'aro-adeno'mata. Adenoma of the eyelid. 
blepharo-atheroma (blef"ar-o-ath-er-o'mah). An 
encysted tumor or sebaceous cyst of an eyelid. 
blepharochalasis (blef"ar-o-kal'as-is) [Gr. 0Xe<pa- 
pov eyelid + %dXaais relaxation]. Relaxation of 
the skin of the eyelid, due to atrophy of the in- 
tercellular tissue. Called also dermatolysis palpe- 
brarum. 
blephar ochromidro sis (blef "ar-o-kro-mid-ro'- 
sis) [Gr. pXe<papov eyelid 4- xP&>Pa color + tbpus 
sweat]. Excretion of a colored sweat from the eye- 
lids, usually of a bluish shade. 
blepharoclonus (blef-ar-ok'lo-nus) [Gr. 0Xe<papou 
eyelid + clonus]. Clonic spasm of the muscles 
that close the eye. 
blepharoconjunctivitis (blef"ar-o-kon-junk-tiv- 
i'tis). Inflammation of the eyelids and conjunc- 
tiva. 
blepharodiastasis (blef"ar-o-di-as'tas-is) [Gr. 
0Xe<papov eyelid 4- diaaraais separation]. Exces- 
sive separation of the eyelids, causing the eye to be 
open very wide. 
blepharoncus (blef-ar-ong'kus) [Gr. (3Xe<papov eye- 
lid 4* bykos tumor], A tumor on the eyelid. 
blepharopachynsis (blef"ar-o-pak-in'sis) [Gr. 
fiXetpapov eyelid + iraxvvms thickening]. The 
morbid thickening of an eyelid. 
blepharophimosis (blef"ar-o-fi-mo'sis) [Gr. /3Xe^>- 
apov eyelid 4- <plpuats narrowing], A narrowing 
of the slit between the eyelids. 
blepharophryplasty (blef-ar-of're-plas-te) [Gr. 
^Xeipapov eyelid 4- b<ppvs eyebrow + TrXaaaeip to 
form]. Plastic operation for the restoration of the 
eyelid and eyebrow. 
blepharoplast (blef'ar-o-plast) [Gr. 0Xe<papls eye- 
lash 4- TrXdaaeii' to form], A nucleus-like struc- 
ture in the motile cells of animals and plants giv- BLEPHAROPLASTY 
178 
BLOOD 
ing origin to a flagellum, as in a trypanosome. By 
some it is regarded as a modified centrosome. 
blepharoplasty (blef"a-ro-plas-te) [Gr. 0Xe<papov 
eyelid + TrX&aaeii' to mold]. The plastic surgery 
of the eyelids. 
blepharoplegia (blef"ar-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. 0Xe<papov 
eyelid + TrXtjyr) stroke]. Paralysis of an eyelid 
(Desmarres); paralysis of both muscles of the 
eyelid (Graefe-Saemisch). 
blepharoptosis (blef"ar-op-to'sis) [Gr. (3Xe<papov 
eyelid + tvtGxhs a fall]. Drooping of an upper 
eyelid from paralysis. 
blepharopyorrhea (blef"ar-o-pi-o-re'ah) [Gr. 
^Xetpapov eyelid + irvov pus + poia. flow]. Puru- 
lent ophthalmia. 
blepharorrhaphy (blef-ar-or'af-e) [Gr. fiXepapov 
eyelid + pa^ph seam]. The stitching together of a 
part of the edges of a slit between the eyelids. 
blepharospasm (blef'a-ro-spazm) [Gr. fdXtpapov 
eyelid + airaapos spasm]. Spasm of the orbicular 
muscle of the eyelids. 
blepharosphincterectomy (blef"ar-o-sphing- 
ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. 0Xe<papov eyelid + a<piyKrqp 
sphincter + tKToph excision]. Excision of the 
sphincter of the eyelid: the operation of removing 
some fibers of the orbicularis muscle, together with 
the overlying skin: done to relieve the pressure of 
the eyelid upon the cornea in blepharospasm. 
blepharostat (blef'a-ro-stat) [Gr. 0Xc<papov eyelid 
+ i<rravai to cause to stand]. An instrument for 
holding the eyelids and keeping them apart during 
surgical operations upon the eye. 
blepharostenosis (blef"ar-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. ^Xe<p- 
apov eyelid + arevipais a narrowing]. An abnor- 
mal narrowing of the palpebral slit. 
blepharosynechia (blef"ar-o-sin-e'ke-ah) [Gr. 
fiXe<papov eyelid + crwexeia. a holding together]. 
The growing together or adhesion of the eyelids. 
blepharotomy (blef-ar-ot'o-me) [Gr. fiXepapov 
eyelid + ropr) a cut]. The surgical cutting of an 
eyelid. 
blepsopathia, blepsopathy (blep-so-path'e-ah, 
blep-sop'ath-e) [Gr. sight + srados disease]. 
A condition of nervous breakdown produced by 
eye-strain. 
blessed thistle (ble'sed this'l). See Cnicus. 
Blessig's groove (bles'igz) [Robert Blessig, Ger- 
man physician, 1830-1878]. See under groove. 
blind (blind). Not having the sense of sight. 
blind-gut (blind'gut). The cecum. 
blind-spot (bllnd'spot). A spot on the retina 
where the optic nerve enters, and which is not 
sensitive to the light. 
blindness (blind'nes). Lack or loss of sight, 
blue-b., color-blindness as to blue tints. 
Bright's b., dimness or complete loss of sight 
without lesion of the retina or optic disk: seen in 
uremia, color-b., inability to distinguish differ- 
ences of color: usually partial, and seldom or never 
complete, concussion b., functional blindness 
due to violent explosions caused by high explosive 
shells, bombs, etc. cortical b., blindness due to a 
lesion of the cortical visual center, day-b., vision 
which is better by night than by day; nyctalopia, 
letter-b., a state resembling word-blindness, in 
which individual letters, though seen, convey no 
meaning to the mind, mind-b. Same as psychic 
b. moon-b., retinal anesthesia, said to be caused 
by exposure to rays of moon during sleep, night- 
b., a defect of the vision more marked by night, or 
in a subdued light, than by day; hemeralopia, 
note-b., an inability to read musical notes, due to 
a central lesion, object-b., a condition in which 
objects seen make no impression on the mind. 
See also apraxia, psychic b., sight without recog- 
nition, due to some brain lesion, red-b., blind- 
ness to red tints, red-green b., inability to 
distinguish red and green, snow-b., dimness of 
vision, usually temporary, due to the glare of the 
sun upon snow; niphablepsia. soul-b. Same as 
psychic b. syllabic b., inability to form sylla- 
bles. word-b., inability to recognize written 
words as the symbols of ideas. 
blister (blis'ter) [L. vesic'ula]. i. A collection of 
serous, bloody, or watery fluid beneath the epider- 
mis. See bulla. 2. An agent producing a vesication, 
ambulant b., one that is shifted from place to 
place. b.-beetle, b.-fly. See Cantharis. 
blood-b., a blister having bloody contents. It 
may be caused by a bruise, but is often due to per- 
sistent friction, fever b., herpes labialis. fly- 
b., a blister of cantharides. flying b., a blister 
applied long enough to produce redness, but not 
vesication. Marochetti's b's, small blisters 
seen under the tongue in hydrophobia, water- 
b., a blister with watery contents. 
blistering (blis'ter-ing). The formation of a vesi- 
cle upon the skin. 
bloat (blot). See hoven. 
block. 1. A term introduced by Romanes to ex- 
press the obstruction of the passage of muscular or 
nervous impulses. 2. In dentistry, a mass of gold 
for filling teeth, arborization b., heart-block 
in which the ventricular conduction is impaired, 
field b., regional anesthesia obtained by creating 
walls of anesthesia encircling the operative field, 
heart-b. See heart-block, nerve b., regional an- 
esthesia secured by making extraneural or para- 
neural injections in close proximity to the nerve 
whose conductivity is to be cut off. spinal sub- 
arachnoid b., a condition in which the flow of 
cerebrospinal fluid is interfered with by an obstruc- 
tion in the spinal canal, ventricular b., obstruc- 
tion to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid caused by 
meningitic inflammatory exudate blocking the for- 
amina of Magendie and Luschka by which the cere- 
bral ventricles communicate with the subarachnoid 
space. 
blocking (blok'ing). 1. The cutting off of an affer- 
ent nerve-path, as by the injection of cocain (cocain- 
b.). 2. The Freudian term for a sudden stop in an 
association produced when a complex is touched. 
3. The fastening of a histologic specimen impreg- 
nated with colloidion to a block of wood or other 
suitable material which may be clamped in the 
microtome. 
Blocq's disease (bloks) [Paul Oscar Blocq, French 
physician, 1860-1896]. Astasia-abasia. 
Blondlot rays (blah-lo') [Prosper Rene Blondlot, 
French physicist, born 1849]. See under ray. 
blood (blud) [L. san'guis, cru'or; Gr. aiMal- The 
fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, 
and veins, carrying nutriment and oxygen to the 
body tissues. The blood contained in the arte- 
ries is of a bright-red color, but after passing to 
the veins it becomes very dark or brownish red. 
It consists of a colorless liquid, the plasma, con- 
taining red blood-corpuscles (erythrocytes), yel- 
lowish, circular, biconcave disks, 7.5 p in diameter, 
containing hemoglobin, which carries the oxygen; 
white blood-corpuscles (leukocytes), white, spheric, 
ameboid masses of protoplasm, averaging 10 p in di- 
ameter; blood-platelets (plastocytes), circular or oval 
disks, 2-3 p in diameter, and blood-dust, or hemoko- 
niae, small, hyaline, refractive bodies, b.-cast, a 
microscopic thread of blood in the urine, b.-cell, 
a blood-corpuscle, b.-clot, the coaguhim of blood, 
b.-count, the process of counting the number of 
corpuscles in a definite volume of the blood, b.- 
crystals, crystals of hematoidin in the blood, 
b.-cyst, hematocele, hematocyst, or hematoma, 
b.-disk. 1. A red blood-corpuscle. 2. A blood- 
platelet. b.-dust. See hemokonia. b.-fluke. 
See Schistosoma, b.-groups. See typing of blood. 
b.-iron, oxyhemoglobin, b.-island, a group 
of corpuscles in the mesoblast in very early fetal 
life, b.-key, a chart of colored pictures to il- 
lustrate the principal normal and abnormal con- 
ditions of the blood, laky b., blood that has 
become darkened and somewhat transparent i, Normal red corpuscle for comparison; 2, normoblasts, one with lobulated nucleus; 3, megalo- 
blast and microblast. The megaloblast shows a considerable degree of polychromatophilia; 4, blood- 
plaques, one lying upon a red corpuscle ; 5, lymphocytes, large and small; 6, large mononuclear 
leukocyte; 7, transitional leukocyte; 8, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes; 9, eosinophilic 
leukocytes, one ruptured; 10, basophilic leukocyte; 11, neutrophilic myelocyte. The granules are 
sometimes less numerous and less distinct than here shown ; 12, eosinophilic myelocytes; 13, basophilic 
myelocyte; 14, ''irritation" or "stimulation" form, witK small vacuoles; 15, degenerated leukocytes: 
two polymorphonuclear neutrophiles, one ruptured, one swollen and vacuolated ; and a " basket cell " 
composed of an irregular meshwork of nuclear material; 16, large mononuclear leukocyte containing 
pigment-granules; from a case of tertian malaria; 17, four stages in the asexual cycle of the tertian 
malarial parasite: the second and fourth were drawn from the same slide taken from a case of double 
tertian ; 18, red corpuscle containing tertian parasite and showing malarial stippling ; 19, estivo-autumna.1 
malarial parasites: two small ring forms within the same red cell, and a crescent with remains of the 
red corpuscle in its concavity. 
Stained with Wright's stain. All drawn to same scale. 
(From Todd's " Clinical Diagnosis.") BLOODLESS 
179 
BODY 
through the solution or destruction of the red 
corpuscles. The differential b.-count includes an 
estimation of the percentage or proportion of each 
kind of leukocyte, live b., twitching of the 
eyelid, b.-motes. Same as b.-dust. occult 
b., blood in such small quantities that it can 
be detected only by chemic tests, the microscope, 
or the spectroscope, b.-picture (Arneth's). See 
Arneth's formula, under formula, b.-plaque. 
Same as b.-plate, b. -plasma, the liquor sanguinis, 
or colorless fluid of the blood, b.-plastid, a par- 
ticle of cytoplasm thought to develop into a blood- 
corpuscle. b.-plates, b.-platelets. See blood. 
b.-poisoning. See toxemia, b.-pressure, 
the pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries, 
dependent on the energy of the heart action, the 
elasticity of the walls of the arteries, the resistance 
in the capillaries, the volume and the viscosity of 
the blood. The maximum pressure occurs at the 
time of the systole of the left ventricle of the 
heart and is termed maximum or systolic. The 
minimum pressure is felt at the diastole of the 
ventricle and is termed minimum or diastolic. 
pressure, b.-serum, the clear liquid part of the 
blood separated from its fibrin and corpuscles. 
See also blood-serum, b.-tumor, a hematoma; 
also an aneurysm, b. typing. See typing. 
b.-vessel, an artery, vein, or sinus. 
bloodless (blud'les). 1. Anemic or exsanguine- 
2. Performed with little or no loss of blood. 
bloodletting (blud'let-ing). The therapeutic with- 
drawal of blood, general b., that which is per- 
formed by venesection, local b., topical b., 
the abstraction of blood by cupping, scarification, 
or leeching. 
bloodroot (blud'root). See Sanguinaria. 
bloodserum (blud'se-rum). A bacteriologic culture- 
medium composed largely of bloodserum. See also 
under culture-medium, alkaline b., bloodserum 
to which has been added from 0.1 to 0.15 per cent, of 
sodium hydroxid. It is then prepared as is Loffler's 
bloodserum. It consists mostly of alkali albumin- 
ate. coagulated b., plain bloodserum from the 
horse, cow, sheep, dog or other animal, coagulated 
and sterilized at a temperature not above 8o° C. 
Councilman and Mallory's b., bloodserum 
coagulated in a hot-air sterilizer and sterilized with 
steam. glycerin b., bloodserum containing 
from 4 to 8 per cent, of glycerol, inspissated 
b., bloodserum heated to coagulation, usually in 
test-tubes and in an inclined position. Lbffler's 
b., nutrient bouillon containing 1 per cent, of 
dextrose 1 part and bloodserum 3 parts. Mix, 
tube, and coagulate in an inclined position. Lor- 
rain Smith's b., bloodserum containing 0.05 
per cent, of sodium hydroxid. 
bloodshot (blud'shot). Congested with blood. 
Blot's perforator (bloz) [Claude Philibert Hippol- 
yte Blot, French obstetrician, 1822-1888]. See 
under perforator. 
blucaloids (blu'kal-oids). Capsules containing 
eucalyptus oil and methylene-blue: used in malaria. 
blue (blu). 1. The color of the sky; one of the prin- 
cipal colors of the spectrum. 2. Having the color 
of the clear sky. acid b. See cyanol b. ali- 
zarin b., a blue dyestuff derived from anthracene, 
alkali b., a dye, sodium triphenylrosanilin mono- 
sulphate. anilin b., triphenyl-rosanilin hydro- 
chlorid: used in malaria in doses of 5 gr. (0.3 gm.), 
anthracene b., alizarin blue, brom-phenol 
b., a dye, tetrabrom-phenol-sulphonephthalein, 
CjgHioBr^SOs: used as an indicator in determining 
hydrogen-ion concentration. It has a Ph range 
of 3 to 4.6, being yellow at 3 and blue at 4.6. 
brom-thymol b., a dye, dibrom-thymol-sul- 
phonephthalein, C^ThsB^SOo: used as an indi- 
cator in determining hydrogen-ion concentration. 
It has a Ph range of 6.0 to 7.6, being yellow at 6.0 
and blue at 7.6. cresyl b., a basic coal-tar 
color of the oxazin type, cyanol b., a bright 
blue acid coal-tar color related to triphenyl- 
methane, diamin b., any one of several coal- 
tar colors derived from benzidin or toluidin. 
indigo b., indigotin. Lb filer's b., 30 c.c. of 
concentrated alcoholic solution of methylene-blue 
diluted to 100 c.c. with a 1:10,000 aqueous solution 
of potassium hydroxid: used for staining bacteria, 
methyl b., an antiseptic compound, NaCjyHag- 
N3S3O91, used locally in diphtheria. Called also 
diphenylamin b. methylene-b., a blue coal- 
tardye, used as a histologic stain: therapeutically 
it is analgesic and antirheumatic. Dose, 2-4 gr. 
(0.13-0.26 gm.), pyoktanin b. See pyoktanin. 
thymol b., an indicator, thymol-sulphone- 
phthaleip, with an acid Ph range of 1.2 to 2.8, 
being red at 1.2 and yellow at 2.8, and an alkaline 
Ph range of 8 to 9.6, being y ellow at 8 and blue 
at 9.6. trypan b., a benzidin dye employed in 
the treatment of trypanosomiasis and piroplas- 
mosis. 
blue-bottom. A blue pigmentation of the skin in 
the sacral, coccygeal, and gluteal region. 
Blum's reagent test (bloomz) [Leo Blum, Ger- 
man physician, born 1878]. See under test. 
Blumenau's nucleus (bloo'men-owz) [Leonid 
Blumenau, Russian neurologist, born 1862]. See 
under nucleus. 
Blumenbach's clivus, process (bloo'men-bahks) 
[Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German physiol- 
ogist, 1752-1840]. See clivus and process. 
blunt-hook (blunt'hook). An instrument used 
mainly in embryotomy. 
Blyth's test [Alexander Wynter Blyth, English 
physician]. See under test. 
B. M. Abbreviation for L bal'neum ma'ris, sea- 
water bath. 
B. M. A. Abbreviation for British Medical Associa- 
tion. 
B. M. S. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Medical 
Science. 
B. N. A. An abbreviation for Basle Nomina Ana- 
tomica, or the anatomic terminology accepted at 
Basle in 1895 by the Anatomical Society. 
B. O. Abbreviation for base of prism out. 
Boas' reagent, sign, test, etc. (bo'az) [Ismar 
Boas, physician in Berlin, born 1858]. See reagent, 
sign, test, etc. 
Bobbs' operation (bobz) [John Stough Bobbs, 
American surgeon, 1809-1870]. See operation. 
Bobroff's operation (bob'rofs) [V. F. Bobroff, 
Russian surgeon, born 1858]. See under opera- 
tion. 
bocaral (bo'kar-al). An antiseptic dressing powder 
containing boric acid, alum, and phenol. 
Bochdalek's ganglion (bok'dal-eks) [anatomist in 
Prague, 1801-1883]. See ganglion. 
Bock's nerve (boks) [August Carl Bock, German 
anatomist, 1782-1833]. See under nerve. 
Bockhart's impetigo (bok'harts) [Max Bockhart, 
German physician of the nineteenth century]. See 
under impetigo. 
Bodo (bo'do). A genus of the Bodonida;. B. 
sal'tans, the "springing monad" which has been 
found in ulcers. B. urina'ria has been found in 
urine. Other species are: B. asiatica, B. javanen- 
sis, B. parva, and B. weinbergi. 
Bodonidse (bo-don'id-e). A family of flagellates 
sometimes found in human feces. They are spheric 
in form with one flagellum projecting forward and 
one backward. There is no undulating membrane 
and they are probably not pathogenic. 
body (bod'e) [L. cor'pus; Gr. <r^a]. 1. The 
trunk, or animal frame, with its organs. 2. The 
cadaver or corpse. 3. The largest and most im- 
portant part of any organ, acetone b's, ace- 
tone, aceto-acetic acid, and beta-oxybutyric acid. 
Called also ketone bodies, alloxur b's. See 
purin bases, under purin. amylaceous b's. 
See corpora amylacea. anaphylactic reac- 
tion b. See sensibilin. anococcygeal b., a BODY 
180 
BODY 
mass of fibrous and muscular tissue between the 
anus and the tip of the coccyx, anti-b. See 
anti-body, anti-immune b., anti-inter- 
mediary b. See antiamboceptor, apical b. 
See acrosome. b. of Arantius, the tubercle of 
fibrocartilage at the tip of the aortic and pulmon- 
ary semilunar valves. Arnold's b's, small 
pieces of erythrocytes in the blood. Aschoff 'sb's, 
rheumatic nodules in the myocardium. Auer's 
b's, rod-shaped bodies seen in the lymphocytes 
in certain cases of leukemia. Babes-Ernst 
b's, metachromatic granules. See under granule. 
Behla's b's. Same as Plimmer's b's. Bence- 
Jones b's, albumose bodies found in the urine in 
diseases of the bone-marrow, between b. See 
complement, bird's-nest b's, structures formed 
by the arrangement of cells in epithelial cancer re- 
sembling birds' nests, brassy b., a dark, shrunken 
blood-corpuscle seen in malaria. Buchner 'sb's, 
defensive proteins. Cabot's ring-b's, bodies 
seen in erythrocytes arranged in the form of a ring 
in the body of the cell. They are stained red with 
Wright-Leishman stain and blue with eosinate of 
methylene-blue, cancer b's. See Plimmer's b's 
and Russell's b's. carotid b. See carotid gland, 
under gland, cavernous b's, the corpora caver- 
nosa. chromaffin, b. See paraganglion, chro- 
mophilous b's. See Nissl b's. ciliary b., 
that part of the vascular coat of the eye which in- 
cludes the ciliary muscles and processes, coccy- 
geal b. See coccygeal gland, under gland, colloid 
b's, masses of an irregularly shaped, glue-like sub- 
stance in the cerebrospinal axis. Deetjen's 
b's, blood-plates, demilune b., a circular 
transparent body with a crescent-shaped area on 
one edge, seen in the blood in malaria and after 
typhoid fever. The crescent-shaped portion con- 
tains hemoglobin and the bodies are believed to be 
degenerated red corpuscles. The transparent 
portion of the body is called glass-body, dentate 
b., denticulate b. See corpus dentatum. 
Dohle's inclusion b's, small coccus-shaped 
bodies occurring in the polynuclear leukocytes of 
the blood in several diseases, especially scarlet 
fever. Ehrlich's hemoglobinemic b's, 
small round granules staining with acid dyes, seen 
in the bodies of erythrocytes in severe hemocy- 
tolysis from septic blood-poisoning, elementary 
b., a blood-platelet. Elzholz's b's, bodies de- 
scribed by Elzholz in degenerated medullated 
nerve-fibers, end-b. See complement, endo- 
globar b., archiplasm, epithelial b., a para- 
thyroid gland, falciform b. See sporozoite. 
fimbriate b. See corpus fimbriatum. foreign 
b., a mass which is not normal to the place where 
it is found, fuchsin b's. See Russell's b's. 
geniculate b. See corpus geniculatum. Gia- 
nuzzi's b's. See Gianuzzi's crescents, under 
crescent, glass-b. See demilune b. globoid 
b's, micro-organisms found by Flexner and 
Noguchi in poliomyelitis, which seemed to bear an 
etiologic relationship to the disease. Guar- 
nieri's b's, the cytorrhyctes of variola and vac- 
cinia. See Cytorrhyctes. habenular b. See gang- 
lion habenulce. Hassall's b's. See Hassall's 
corpuscles, under corpuscle. Heinz b's, small 
bodies occasionally seen in red blood-corpuscles 
after staining with azur I. Called also substantia 
metachromaticogranularis and ^-substance. High- 
more's b., the mediastinum testis. Howell's 
b's, small round or oval eccentrically placed bodies, 
seen in erythrocytes when stains are added to fresh 
blood. Howell-Jolly b's, Howell's bodies, 
hyaloid b., the vitreous body, immune b. 
See amboceptor, inclusion b's. See Dohle's 
inclusion b's. intercarotic b., a longish mass of 
blood-vessels, nerves, and ganglion-cells between 
the internal and external carotid arteries, in- 
termediary b. See amboceptor, interpedun- 
cular b. See corpus interpedunculare. intra- 
vertebral b., the centrum of a vertebra, iso- 
b. See isobody. Jolly's b's. Same as Howell's 
b's. ketone b's. Same as acetone b's. Kur- 
loft's b's, bodies seen in the large mononuclear 
leukocytes of guinea-pigs and other animals; 
supposed by some to be a stage in the develop- 
ment of the granules of the eosinophil leuko- 
cytes; by others to be a stage in the develop- 
ment of a protozoan organism. Called also 
Lymphocytozoon cobaya. Lallemand-Trous- 
seau b's. Same as Bence-Jones cylinders. See 
cylinder. Landolt's b's, small elongate bodies 
between the rods and cones on the outer nuclear 
layer of the retina. Langerhans' b's, heaps of 
large, clear, homogeneous cells, situated within or 
between the lobules of the pancreas. Laveran's 
b's (1880), the plasmodia of malarial disease. 
Leishman-Donovan b's (1903), small round 
or oval bodies found in the spleen and liver of 
patients suffering with a peculiar tropical fever 
and cachexia (kala-azar). These bodies are the 
intracellular forms of the protozoan Leishmania 
donovani, the parasite of kala-azar. See Leishma- 
nia donovani. lenticular b., dentate nucleus 
See nucleus. Lieutaud's b., the trigone of 
the bladder. Lostorfer's b's. See under 
corpuscle. Luys' b. Same as corpus subtha- 
lamicum. Mallory's b's, bodies resembling pro- 
tozoa, seen in the lymph-spaces and epithelial cells 
of the skin in scarlet fever, malpighian b's, 
small bodies in the kidney at the commencement of 
the uriniferous tubules, consisting of the mass of 
vessels (the malpighian tuft) and the envelope or 
Bowman's capsule, mammillary b's. Same as 
corpora albicantia. melon-seed b., any one of a 
class of small fibrous masses sometimes occurring 
in the joints and in cysts of the tendon-sheaths, 
metachromatic b's, metachromatic granules. 
See under granule, molluscous b's, m. cor- 
puscles, peculiar round or oval microscopic bodies 
within the papules of molluscum epitheliale. 
Morner's b., nucleo-albumin. muriform b., 
the morula. Negri b's (1903), oval or round 
bodies, seen in the protoplasm and sometimes in the 
processes of nerve-cells of animals dead of hydro- 
phobia: their presence is considered conclusive 
proof of rabies. Called also N eurorrhyctes hydro- 
phobice. Nissl b's, large granular protein bodies 
which stain with basic dyes, forming the substance 
of the reticulum of the cytoplasm of a nerve-cell. 
Called also chromophilous b's and tigroid b's or sub- 
stance. no-threshold b., a substance in the 
blood plasm which causes no symptoms, nuclear 
b., the nuclear disk of a maturing ovum after it 
takes an ellipsoidal form. Oken's b., the wolffian 
body, olivary b's, oval prominences at the sides 
of the anterior pyramids of the oblongata, onion 
b's, epithelial pearls. See under pearl, pacchio- 
nian b's, small eminences of the arachnoid tissue 
under the dura of the brain, and producing by press- 
ure slight depressions {pacchionian depressions) on 
the inner surface of the cranium. pampiniform 
b., the parovarium, paranuclear b., the attrac- 
tion-sphere. parasympathetic b's, the inter- 
coracoid body and coccygeal gland, parater- 
minal b., the cerebral area from the olfactory 
peduncle backward to the lamina terminalis and 
upward between the corpus callosum and the 
hippocampal fissure, parathyroid b., a para- 
thyroid gland. See under gland, parolivary 
b's, the accessory, olivary nuclei, perineal 
b's, the mass of structures forming the central 
part of the perineum in women. Perles' anemia 
b's, small, actively moving, club-shaped bodies 
from the blood in certain cases of pernicious 
anemia, pineal b. See pineal gland, under 
gland, pituitary b., a small, reddish, ellipsoid 
organ in a depression {sel'la tur'cica) of the sphe- 
noid bone and attached to the brain by a ped- 
icle. It consists of two lobes-an anterior one, of 
a reddish-gray color {pars anterior, or pituitary 
gland proper), which is made up of columns of cells 
surrounded by large sinusoidal spaces. This partly 
incloses a posterior lobe {pars nervosa, neurohy- 
pophysis, or infundibular body) with its epithelial 
investment {pars intermedia). The posterior lobe BODY 
181 
BONDUC 
is composed of loosely placed neuroglia cells. The 
pituitary body secretes two substances, a "pres- 
sor" and a "depressor" substance, which re- 
spectively increases and lowers the blood-press- 
ure. It is also called hypophysis cerebri. Plim- 
mer's b's, small round capsulated bodies 
found in cancer, and thought by the discoverer 
to be the parasite causing the disease, polar 
b's. 1. Two small bodies protruded from the 
ovum at the time of impregnation. They are the 
smaller cells produced by the maturation divisions. 
2. Metachromatic granules located at the ends of 
bacteria, pre segmenting b's, malarial para- 
sites before they undergo segmentation. Pro- 
wazek'sb's. Same as trachoma b's. purin b's. 
See purin. quadrigeminal b. See corpora 
quadrigemina. Renaut 'sb's, bodies found within 
the nerve-bundles in normal and pathologic condi- 
tions. Their function is unknown, restiform b., 
a lateral column of the medulla oblongata, extend- 
ing to the cerebellum and continuous below with the 
cerebellar tract of the cord. It connects the poste- 
rior roots of spinal nerves with the cerebellum, 
rice b's, small bodies resembling grains of rice 
which form in the tendons of joints and float in 
the fluid of hygroma. Rosenmuller's b., the 
parovarium. Ross's b's, spheric copper-colored 
bodies showing dark granulations and sometimes 
having ameboid movements: seen in the blood and 
tissue fluids in syphilis; called also Leukocytozobn 
pallidum and Lymphocytozoon pallidum. Rus- 
sell's b's, small, round, or oval vacuolated bodies 
seen in cases of carcinoma, and thought by some 
to be yeast plants and the cause of carcinoma. 
Called also fuchsin b's. sand-b. See corpora 
aranacea. Seidelin b's, bodies discovered in the 
red blood-corpuscles in yellow fever, and believed 
by the discoverer to be parasites and the cause of 
the disease. Called also Paraplasma flavigenum. 
semilunar b's, Gianuzzi's crescents. See 
crescent. Spengler's immune b's, immune 
bodies extracted from the red blood-corpuscles 
of animals immunized against tuberculosis: used 
in tuberulosis. Called also I. K. (immun Korper). 
spheric b., the first stage of the sexual cycle 
of the malarial parasite, developing later into the 
gametocyte. spiculated b's, spiny-looking 
bodies occurring enclosed in leukocytes or giant- 
cells in the spleen in certain conditions, spongy 
b. See corpus spongiosum, striate b. See corpus 
striatum, suprarenal b., a flat, triangular organ 
on the upper side of the kidney. It consists of 
an internal medullary matter and an external 
cortex, covered by a sheath of connective tissue, 
from which septa are given off into the interior of 
the organ. Symington's b., anococcygeal body, 
thermostabile b., amboceptor, threshold 
b., any compound in the blood plasm the pres- 
ence of which causes symptoms, thyroid b., 
the thyroid gland. See gland, tigroid b's. See 
Nissl b's. trachoma b's, minute bodies found 
in clusters in the protoplasm of the epithelial 
cells from the conjunctiva of trachomatous eyes; 
possibly the cause of trachoma. See Chlamydozoa. 
trapezoid b. See corpus trapezoideum. Trous- 
seau-Lallemand b's. Same as Bence-Jones 
cylinders. See cylinder, vitreous b., the trans- 
parent substance of the eye, contained in a hyaloid 
membrane between the lens and the retina. 
Winkler's b., spherical bodies seen in the lesions 
of syphilis, wolffian b's, the mesonephron or 
primitive kidney, the excretory organ of the em- 
bryo. It consists of a long tube in the lower 
part of the body-cavity, running parallel with 
the spinal axis and joined at right angles by a 
row of twisting tubes given off from the mal- 
pighian body, and forming a structure resem- 
bling a comet. The wolffian body develops into 
the head of the epididymis, vas deferens, and 
ejaculatory duct in the male, x-b's. Same as 
Plimmer's b's. Zuckerkandl's b's, paragan- 
glia found along the course of the aorta near its 
bifurcation. 
body-cavity. See coelom. 
body-louse. See louse. 
Boeck's disease, scabies (beks) [Caesar P. M. 
Boeck, dermatologist in Christiania, 1845-1917]. 
See under disease and scabies. 
Boedeker's test (ba'dek-erz) [Carl Heinrich Detlef 
Boedeker, German chemist, 1815-1895]. See under 
lest. 
Boerhaave's glands (boor'hahv-ez) [Hermann 
Boerhaave, a famous Dutch physician, 1668-1738, 
professor of botany, medicine, and chemistry in 
Leyden, 1701-1729]. The sweat-glands. 
Boettcher's cells. See Bottcher's cells, under cell. 
Boettger's test. See B'dttger's lest, under tests. _ 
Bogros' space (bog-roz') [Annet Jean Bogros, 
French anatomist, 1786-1823]. See under space. 
Bogue's symptom (bogz) [E. A. Bogue, American 
dentist]. See under symptom. 
Bohun upas (bo'hun u'pas). The poison-tree of 
Java, Anti'aris toxica'ria; also its deadly gum- 
resin. 
boil (boil). See furuncle. Aleppo, Biskra, 
Natal, Oriental, Pendjdeh, Scinde b. See 
furunculus orienlalis. blind b., a boil of brief 
duration which does not form a core. Bulama b. 
[from Bulama, an island of West Africa], a chronic 
sore of West Africa, said to be due to a burrowing 
insect-larva, cat-b., a small variety of ordinary 
furuncle. Delhi b., tropical b., forms of furun- 
culus orientalis. Gafsa b., an endemic ulcer, 
named from Gafsa, in Tunis: a variety of Oriental 
furunculus. gum-b. See parulis. 
Bol. Abbreviation for L. bo'lus, pill. 
boldin (bol'din). A hypnotic and locally anes- 
thetic alkaloid from boldo. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133- 
0.266 gm.). 
boldo (bol'do) [L. bol'dus, bol'doa}. The leaves 
and stems of Peu'mus bol'dus, a tree of Chili. It 
is tonic, antirheumatic, and antifebrile. Dose of 
tincture, 5-20 min. (0.31-1.25 c.c.); of fluidextract, 
1-5 min. (0.06-0.31 c.c.). 
boldoa, boldus (bol'do-ah, bol'dus). See boldo. 
boldoglucin (bol-do-glu'sin). A narcotic and 
hypnotic glucosid from boldo. Dose, 20-60 gr. 
(j-333-4 gm.), in capsule. 
boldoin (bol'do-in). A glucosid obtainable from 
boldo. 
bole (bol) [L. bo'lus; Gr. jSwXos]. A name of va- 
rious earths, mostly clayey and of a dark color; 
usually astringent and absorbent iron tonics: 
used somewhat in veterinary surgery and exter- 
nally in skin diseases. 
Boletus (bo-le'tus) (L.; Gr. /SwXitjjs]. A genus of 
fungi or mushrooms, some of which are edible 
and others poisonous. 
boliformin (bo-lif-or'min). A condensation prod- 
uct of formalin and aluminum used as an anti- 
septic dusting-powder. 
bolometer (bo-lom'et-er) [Gr. ^oXr; a throw, a ray 
+ perpov measure]. 1. An instrument for measur- 
ing the force of the heart-beat. 2. An instrument 
for measuring minute degrees of radiant heat. 
bolus (bo'lus) [L.; Gr. ^uXos]- k round mass or dose 
of medicine larger than a pill. b. al'ba, kaolin. 
bombard (bom-bard'). To subject a body to the 
impingement of small particles or rays. 
bombicestrol (bom-be-ses'trol). A sterol obtained 
from the chrysalis of the silkworm. 
bonbon (bon'bon) [Fr.]. A conserve or medicated 
confection, usually proprietary. 
bond (bond). A mark used to indicate the number 
and attachments of the valencies of an atom in 
constitutional formulas. It is represented by a dot 
or a line between the atoms, as H.O.H or H-0-H, 
Ca : O or Ca = O, HC kCH or HC = CH. 
bonduc (bon'duk) [Fr.]. The seeds of Ccesalpin'ia 
bon'duc and C. bonducel'la, climbing tropical 
plants: tonic, stimulant, and antiperiodic. Dose 
of powder, 10-15 gr. (0.666-1 gm.). BONDUCIN 
182 
BONE 
bonducin (bon-du'sin). A white, bitter powder, 
ChHuOs, from bonduc seeds; insoluble in water: 
a febrifuge. Dose, 1^-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 gm.). 
bone (bon) [L. os; Gr. oareou].. 1. The material 
of the skeleton of most vertebrate animals. It 
consists of connective tissue, the substratum of 
which is ossein, and which yields gelatin on boil- 
ing, impregnated with lime salts, chiefly calcium 
phosphate. 2. Any distinct piece of the osseous 
framework or skeleton of the body. Bones are 
composed of an outer layer of compact tissue, 
and of spongy or reticular tissue forming the in- 
terior portions. The compact tissue is traversed 
by channels (haversian canals) from which ar- 
diate numerous canaliculi, which are surrounded 
by concentric lamellae of bone, separated by spaces, 
lacuna, containing the bone-cells or corpuscles. 
These lacunas communicate with the haversian 
canals through the canaliculi. The inner, spongy 
tissue of bone contains large marrow-cavities. 
Bones are covered exteriorly by a protective mem- 
brane, the periosteum. Albers-Schoenberg 
marble b's, bones that have undergone a con- 
densation process converting them into a firm, 
whitish-gray substance without a trace of marrow 
space and without a trace of demarcation of the 
cortex, ankle-b., the astragalus. basihyalb., 
the body of the hyoid bone, basilar b., basi- 
occipital b., the basilar process of the occipital 
bone. Bertin's b's, the sphenoturbinal bones, 
breast-b., the sternum, cannon b., a bone in 
the limb of hoofed animals, extending from the fet- 
lock to the knee or hock-joint, capitate b., the os 
magnum, carpal b's, the bones of the wrist, 
including the scaphoid, semilunar, pisiform, 
pyramidal, trapezium, trapezoid, os magnum, 
and unciform bones, cartilage-b., any bone 
which is developed from cartilage, cavalry b., 
an occasional bony formation in the adductor 
magnus femoris or its tendon; riders' bone, chev- 
ron b., the V-shaped hemal arches of the third, 
fourth, and fifth coccygeal vertebra; of a dog. 
coffin-b., the third or distal phalanx of the foot 
of a horse, collar-b., the clavicle, coronary 
b., the small pastern bone of the horse, cranial 
b's, the bones of the skull which inclose the brain, 
as distinguished from those of the face, cribri- 
form b. Same ethmoid b. cuboid b., a bone 
on the outer side of the foot, in front of the calca- 
neum and beside the scaphoid, cuneiform b. 
of the foot, any one of the three bones in front 
of the scaphoid bone, cuneiform b. of the 
wrist. See pyramidal b. dermal b., a bone 
developed by ossification of the skin, ec- 
tethmoid b's, the lateral masses of the eth- 
moid bone, endochondral b., a bone which is 
developed within a cartilage, epactal b., worm- 
ian bone, epipteric b., a small wormian bone 
sometimes seen between the great wing of the sphe- 
noid and the interparietal bone, episternal b., 
suprasternal bone. ethmoid b., the sieve-like 
bone which forms a roof for the nasal fossa? and part 
of the floor of the anterior fossa of the skull, exoc- 
cipital b., the cotyloid process of the occipital 
bone, frontal b., the bone forming the forepart 
of the cranium, hamate b., the unciform bone, 
haunch b., the hip-bone or os coxae, hyoid b., 
a horseshoe-shaped bone situated at the base 
of the tongue, just above the thyroid cartilage. 
It consists of a body from each side of which two 
processes (greater and lesser cornud) project back- 
ward. incarial b., the interparietal bone, in- 
cisive b. Same as intermaxillary b. innomin- 
ate, b. a bone which, with its fellow on the op- 
posite side, forms the greater part of the pelvis; 
the hip-bone. It consists of the ilium, the ischium, 
and the os pubis, intermaxillary b., one of 
several bones in the middle front part of the 
upper jaw, separate in fetal life, but fused in the 
adult (Goethe, 1786). Called also incisive b. 
interparietal b., a bone, sometimes distinct, 
which occurs between the parietal, frontal, and 
superior occipital bones, lacrimal b., a thin, 
scale-like bone at the anterior and upper part 
of the orbit, articulating with the frontal, the 
ethmoid, and the superior maxillary bones, len- 
ticular b., the os orbiculare. lentiform b., 
the pisiform bone, lingual b. Same as hyoid b. 
lunate b. Same as semilunar b. malar b., the 
cheek bone, a quadrangular bone on each side of the 
face, uniting the frontal and superior maxillary 
bones with the zygomatic process of the tem- 
poral. marble b's. See Albers-Schoenberg 
marble b's. maxillary b. See maxilla, mem- 
brane-b's, bones which are developed within 
membrane, multiangular b., large, the tra- 
pezium. multiangular b., small, the trape- 
zoid bone, nasal b's, the two small bones form- 
ing the arch of the nose. navicular b. Same as 
scaphoid b. occipital b., the bone that forms 
the last part of the cranium between the parietal 
and temporal bones, orbicular b. See os 
orbiculare. palate b., the irregular bone forming 
the posterior portion of the hard palate and 
the lateral wall of the nose, between the internal 
pterygoid plate of the sphenoid and the superior 
maxilla, parietal b's, the two quadrilateral 
bones forming the lateral surfaces of the cranium, 
pastern b., either of two bones of the horse's 
foot: large pastern bone, the first phalanx of a 
horse's foot; small pastern bone, the second pha- 
lanx of a horse's foot, pedal b., the coffin- 
bone of a horse, periosteal b., bone which is 
developed directly from and beneath the peri- 
osteum. petrosal b., the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone before birth, pisiform b., 
the small pea-shaped bone lying on the ulnar 
side of the pyramidal bone of the wrist, pneu- 
matic b., a bone containing many air-cells, 
postular b., the pisiform bone. pre-inter- 
parietal b., a wormian bone sometimes seen de- 
tached from the anterior part of the interpari- 
etal bone, pterygoid b., the internal pterygoid 
plate of the sphenoid bone. pyramidal b., a 
wedge-shaped bone at the outer side of the carpus, 
articulating with the semilunar, pisiform, and unci- 
form bones, riders' b., an ossification sometimes 
seen in the tendon of the adductor muscle of the 
thigh in those who ride on horseback. Riolan's 
b's, small bones resembling wormian bones, some- 
times found in the suture between the occipital 
bone and the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone, scaphoid b. i. The outer bone of the 
first row of carpal bones. 2. The bone on the 
inside of the tarsus, in front of the astragalus 
and behind the cuneiform bones, semilunar 
b., a bone of the first row of the carpus, lying 
between. the scaphoid and pyramidal bones, 
sesamoid b., a small, flat bone developed in a 
tendon which moves over a bony surface, sphe- 
noid b., the irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the 
base of the skull, splenial b's, splint b's, the 
dermal or membrane bones of the embryonic head, 
lying close against the cartilage of the primordial 
skull, squamo-occipital b., the largest of 
the four portions of the occipital bone of the 
fetus. Called also exoccipital and basi-oceipital. 
supra-interparietal b., a wormian bone some- 
times occurring at the posterior part of the sagittal 
suture, suprasternal b., an occasionally occur- 
ring ossicle in the ligaments of the sternoclavicular 
articulation. Called also episternal b. sutural 
b's. Same as wormian b's. temporal b., the 
irregular bone at the side and base of the skull, con- 
taining the organs of hearing, trapezoid b., 
the second carpal bone on the thumb side of the 
distal row. triquetral b. Same as cuneiform 
bone of the wrist, turbinal b. See turbinal (2). 
tympanic b., the bone which supports the 
tympanic membrane and forms the greater part 
of tbe external auditory meatus. In man it is an 
elongated cylinder, unciform b., the innermost 
bone of the carpus, triangular in shape, with a 
hook-shaped process on the anterior surface, 
wormian b's, small, irregular bones in the su- 
tures between the bones of the skull. BONE-ACHE 
183 
BORSAL 
bone-ache (bon'ak). Osteocopic pain. 
bone-ash (bon'ash). The calcic phosphate and 
other dry material remaining after the calcination 
of a bone. 
bone-cartilage (bon-kar'til-ej). See ossein. 
bone-cell (bon'sel). Same as osteoblast. 
bone-conduction (bon-kon-duk'shun). The con- 
veyance of sound-waves to the auditory appar- 
atus by the medium of the bones of the head. 
bone-corpuscle (bon-kor'pus-l). Any connective- 
tissue cell lodged within the laminae of a bone. 
bonelet (bon'let). An ossicle or small bone. 
bone-oil (bon'oil). A tarry and oily liquid ob- 
tained from bone by dry distillation: a popular 
panacea. 
boneplasty (bdn'plas-te). Plastic surgery on bone, 
boneset (bon'set). See Eupatorium. 
bone-setter (bon'set-er). An unauthorized per- 
son who professes skill in treating fractures and 
dislocations. 
bone-wax. See under wax. 
Bonfils' disease (bawn-fes') [Emile Adolphe 
Bonfils, French physician of the nineteenth- cen- 
tury]. See disease. 
Bonhoeffer's symptom (bon-hef'erz) [Karl Bon- 
hoeffer, psychiatrist in Berlin, born 1868]. See 
under symptom. 
Bonnet's capsule (bon-az') [Amadee Bonnet, 
French surgeon, 1802-1858]. See capsule. 
Bonnier's syndrome (bon-e-az') [Pierre Bonnier, 
French physician, born 1861]. See under syn- 
drome. 
boohoo (boo'hoo). A form of gastritis with great 
depression, which frequently attacks visitors to 
the Pacific Islands. 
Bodphilus (bo-of'il-us) [Gr. &ovs ox + tpiXeiv to 
love]. A genus of cattle-ticks. B. bo'vis, the 
medium of the transmission of the microorgan- 
ism (Pyroso'ma) of Texas cattle-fever. See Mar- 
garopus annulatus. B. decolora'tus, a tick of 
South Africa which serves as the means of trans- 
mitting the anaplasma of galziekte. 
boopia (bo-o'pe-ah). [Gr. (dovs ox + Iff eye]. The 
languishing ox-like eyes of hysteric patients. 
boot, Junod's (zhen-6z'). An air-tight boot to 
which is fitted an air-pump. A partial vacuum 
causes a flow of blood to the parts inclosed in 
the boot, producing the effect of blood-letting by 
causing a fainting spell. 
boracic acid (bo-ras'ik). See under acid. 
boracil (bo-ra'sil). A combination of boric acid, 
oxybenzoic acid, acetanilid, and metadioxybenzol: 
used as an antiseptic dusting-powder. 
borage (bor'ej). The plant, Bora'go officina'lis: 
aperient and diaphoretic; formerly considered 
a very valuable remedy. Dose of the expressed 
juice, 2-4 oz. (60-120 c.c.); of fluidextract, 1 dr. 
(4 c.c.). 
boral (bo'ral). Aluminum boro tartrate: used as 
an astringent and antiseptic. 
boralid (bo'ral-id). A commercial antiseptic dress- 
ing for wounds, containing boric acid and acet- 
anilid. 
borate (bo'rat). Any salt of boric acid. 
borated (bo'ra-ted). Combined with or contain- 
ing borax. 
borax (bo'raks), gen. bora'cis [L. from Arabic; 
Persian burah\. Sodium pyroborate, Na2B4O7 + 
ioH2O, a transparent, crystalline substance of 
sweetish taste. It is soluble in water, glycerin, 
and alcohol. It is a refrigerant, antiseptic, sooth- 
ing detergent and diuretic salt. It is used as an 
application in affections of the mouth and throat. 
Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.324-2 gm.), b. carmin. See 
carmin, and stains, table of. 
borborygmus (bor-bo-rig'mus), pl. borboryg'mi 
[L.]. The noise made by flatus in the bowels. 
Bordet's phenomenon (bor-daz') [Jules Bordet, 
contemporary Belgian bacteriologist]. See phe- 
nomenon. 
bordoresin (bor-do-res'in). A resin that forms 5 
to 6 per cent, of European turpentine. 
boric acid (bo'rik). See under acid. 
boricin (bo'ris-in). A compound of borax and 
boric acid. 
borine (bo'rin). A proprietary antiseptic prepa- 
ration of boric acid with aromatic stearoptens, etc. 
borism (bo'rizm). Poisoning by a boron com- 
pound. 
borneene (bor'ne-en). A hydrocarbon, C10H16, 
readily convertible into borneol. 
borneol (bor'ne-ol). Camphyl alcohol, CioHpOH, 
identical with Borneo camphor, though artifi- 
cially produced. 
bornyval (bor'ne-val). Isovalerianate of borneol: 
used as a sedative and antispasmodic. Dose, 
4 gr. (0.26 gm.). 
boroborax (bo-ro-bo'raks). An antiseptic prepara- 
tion containing boric acid and borax. 
borochloretone (bo-ro-klo'ret-on). A combina- 
tion of boric acid and chloretone: used as a dusting- 
powder. 
borofluorin (bo-ro-flu'o-rin). A proprietary an- 
tiseptic and germicide preparation of boric acid, 
sodium fluorid, benzoic acid, and formaldehyd. 
boroform (bo'ro-form). A bactericidal preparation 
of boroglycerid and formaldehyd. 
boroformal, boroformalin (bo-ro-for'mal, bo-ro- 
for'mal-in). A compound of aluminum hydroxid 
with boric and formic acids, forming white, glossy 
scales. It is antiseptic and deodorant, and is 
used in gynecology and diseases of the nose and 
throat. 
borogen (bo'ro-jen). Boric-acid ethyl-ester, B(O.- 
€2115)3: inhaled in diseases of the air-passages. 
boroglycerid (bo-ro-glis'er-id). Glyceryl borate: 
an antiseptic paste of boric acid and glycerin. In 
England it is called glacialin. 
boroglycerin (bo-ro-glis'er-in). Same as boro- 
glycerid. 
boroglycerol (bo-ro-glis'er-ol). A solution of boro- 
glycerid in glycerin. 
borol (bo'rol). Sodium (or potassium) borosul- 
phate, BO.SCh-ONa: a colorless, glassy solid, sol- 
uble in water, and used in a 20 per cent, solution 
as a disinfectant and antiseptic in a wide range of 
diseases. Dose of the solution, 10-50 min. (0.6-3 
c.c.). See also saccharin. 
borolyptol (bo-ro-lip'tol). A proprietary remedy: 
used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in typhoid 
fever and diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract. 
boron (bo'ron) [L. bo'rium]. A non-metallic ele- 
ment occurring in the form of crystals and as a 
powder. It is the base of borax and boric acid: 
symbol, B; specific gravity, 2.6; atomic weight, 
10.9. 
borophene (bo'ro-fen). A proprietary astringent 
and antiseptic preparation. 
borophenol (bo-ro-fe'nol). A disinfectant prep- 
aration of borax and phenol. 
borosol (bo'ro-sol). A clear, colorless liquid, con- 
taining aluminum tartrate, boric acid, salicylic 
acid, glycerin, and free tartaric acid: a wash for 
perspiring feet. 
borotartrol (bo-ro-tar'trol). An antiseptic con- 
taining sodium tartrate and boric acid. 
borothymin (bo-ro-thi'min). A proprietary 
whooping-cough remedy, a compound of bromids 
and thyme. 
borovertin (bo-ro-ver'tin). Hexamethyleneamine 
triborate (CH2)6N4.3HBO2, a urinary disinfectant. 
borsal (bor'sal). A mixture of equal parts of boric 
acid and salicylic acid: used as a dusting-powder 
for wounds. BORSALICYLAJE 
184 
BOUGIE 
borsalicylate, borsalyl (bor-sal'is-il-at, bor-sal'- 
il). A powder containing 32 parts of sodium 
salicylate and 25 parts of boric acid and a little 
water: used as an analgesic, antiseptic, and deodor- 
ant, and given in gout, rheumatism, chorea, and 
pleurisy. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.3-2 gm.). 
borsten (bor'sten) [Fin. "bristles"]. A cutaneous 
disease of newborn infants in Finland, due to irri- 
tation of the sebaceous glands, producing goose- 
flesh with fever. 
Borthen's operation (bor'tenz) [Johan Borthen, 
contemporary Norwegian oculist]. Iridotasis. 
boryl (bo'ril). Ethylborosalicylate: used externally 
and internally as an antiseptic and for the treat- 
ment of rheumatism. 
Bose's hooks (bo'sez) [Heinreich Bose, German 
surgeon, born 1840]. See under hook. 
boss (bos). A rounded eminence, as on the surface 
of a bone or of a tumor. 
bosselated (bos'e-la-ted) [Fr. bosseler]. Marked 
or covered with small bosses. 
bosselation (bos-e-la'shun). 1. A small emi- 
nence; one of a set of small bosses. 2. The con- 
dition or fact of being bosselated; the process 
of becoming bosselated. 
Bossi's dilator (bos'ez) [Luigi Maria Bossi, con- 
temporary gynecologist in Genoa, 1859-1919]. See 
dilator. 
Bostock's catarrh (bos'toks) [John Bostock, Eng- 
lish physician, 1773-1846]. See under catarrh. 
Boston's sign (bos'tonz) [L. Napoleon Boston, 
Philadelphia physician, born 1871]. See under 
sign. 
bot (bot). The larva of various flies (bot flies), 
typically those of the genus (Es'trus: these larvae 
are parasitic in the stomach of animals and some- 
times in that of man. 
botalism (bot'al-izm) [L. botalis'mus]. Sausage- 
poisoning. 
Botallo's duct, foramen, etc. [Leonardo Botallo, 
an Italian physician of the sixteenth century]. 
See duct, foramen, etc. 
botanic (bo-tan'ik). 1. Pertaining to or derived 
from plants of the vegetable kingdom. 2. Per- 
taining to botany. 
botany (bot'an-e) [L. botan'ica, from Gr. ^ordwq 
herb]. The science of plants or of the vegetable 
kingdom. 
bothridium (both-rid'e-um). Same as bothrium. 
Bothriocephalus (both"re-o-sef'a-lus) [Gr. ^oOplov 
pit + Ke<paXq head]. A genus of tapeworms, also 
known as Dibothriocephalus. B. corda'tus. See 
Dibothriocephalus cordatus. B. crista'tus, a 
species, 3 mm. in length, distinguished by two 
crest-like projections upon the head. B. la'tus. 
See Dibothriocephalus latus. See tapeworm. B. 
lingulo'ides, a species found in man only in 
larval form in the loins and about the eyes. The 
.head is marked by a papilla-like projection. B. 
manso'ni, a species found in the abdominal 
cavity of Chinese and Japanese. 
bothrium (both're-um). A sucker in the form of a 
groove such as is seen on the head of Dibothrio- 
cephalus latus. 
bothropic (both-rop'ik). A term applied to such 
poison obtained from snakes of the genus Lachesis. 
botryoid (bot're-oid) [Gr. ffbrpvs bunch of grapes 
+ elbos form]. Resembling a bunch of grapes. 
Botryomyces (bot-re-o-mi'sez) [Gr. 06rpvs grape 
+ pvicqs fungus]. A genus of Schizomycetes. 
B. e'qui is regarded as the cause of botryomy- 
cosis in horses. 
botryomycoma (bot-re-o-mi-ko'mah). A small 
pedunculated tumor caused by botryomycosis. 
botryomycosis (bot"re-o-mi-ko'sis). A disease 
of horses characterized by the formation of 
botryoid nodules in the lungs. It is supposed 
to be caused by the presence of Botryom'yces 
e'qui (Microcod cus ascofor'mans). The disease is 
communicable to man. 
botryomycotic (bot"re-o-mi-kot'ik). Pertaining 
to or affected with botryomycosis. 
botryotherapy (bot"re-o-ther'a-pe) [Gr. ^orpvs 
cluster of grapes + OepaTrevriKT] therapy]. The 
grape-cure. 
botrytimycosis (bo-tri"te-mi-ko'sis). Infection 
with fungi of the genus Botrytis. 
Botrytis (bo-tri'tis). A genus of fungi. B. bas- 
sia'na, causes the disease muscardine in silk- 
worms. B. tenel'la, causes a disease of the 
larvae of May-beetles. 
bots (bots). A diseased condition of horses and oxen 
attributed to the presence of the larvae of bot-flies. 
Bbttcher's cells, etc. (bet'sherz) [Arthur Bottcher, 
German anatomist, 1831-1889]. See cell, etc. 
Bottger's test (bet'gerz) [Wilhelm Carl Botlger, 
German chemist, died 1871]. See under test. 
Bottini's operation (bot-e'nez) [Enrico Bottini, 
Italian surgeon, 1837-1903]. See under operation. 
bottom-disease (bot'um). A condition in horses 
caused by eating rattlebox, Crotala'ria sagitta'lis. 
It bccurs in low, bottom-lands. 
botuliform (bot-u'lif-orm) [L. bot'ulus sausage 4- 
for'ma shape]. Sausage shaped. 
botulin (bot'u-lin) [L. bot'ulus sausage]. Botulinus 
toxin; a toxin sometimes found in imperfectly 
preserved or canned meats and vegetables: it is 
produced by Clostridium botulinum. 
botulism (bot'u-lizm) [L. bot'ulus sausage]. A type 
of food poisoning caused by a toxin which is pro- 
duced by Clostridium (Bacillus) botulinum in im- 
properly canned or preserved foods. It is charac- 
terized by vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty of 
vision, nervous symptoms of central origin, dis- 
turbances of secretion, motor disturbances, dryness 
of the mouth and pharynx, dyspepsia, a barking 
cough, mydriasis, ptosis, etc. The term was for- 
merly used synonymously with allantiasis or sau- 
sage poisoning. 
botulismotoxin (bot-u-liz-mo-tok'sin). Same as 
botulin. 
bouba (boo'bah). A form of oriental sore (leish- 
maniasis) endemic in Brazil and Paraguay. See 
leishmaniasis americana. 
Bouchard's coefficient, disease, nodes, sign 
(boo-sharz') [Charles Jacques Bouchard, French 
physician, 1837-1915]. See under coefficient, dis- 
ease, node, and sign. 
Bouchardat's test (boo-shar-dahs') [Apollinaire 
Bouchardat, French chemist, 1806-1886]. See 
under test. 
bouchon (boo-shaw') [Fr.]. The internal clot. 
See clot. 
Bouchut's respiration, tube (boo-shooz') [Jean 
Antoine Eugene Bouchut, French physician, 1818- 
1891]. See respiration and tube. 
Boudin's law (boo-dahz') [Jean Christian Marie 
Francois Joseph Boudin, French physician, 1803- 
1867]. See under law. 
boufrida (boo-fre'dah). An infectious pleuropneu- 
monia of goats occurring in Algeria. 
Bougard's paste (boo-garz') [Jean Joseph Bougard, 
French physician, 1815-1884]. See under paste. 
bougie (boo-zhe') [Fr.]. 1. A slender cylinder for 
introduction into the urethra, or a large one for 
the rectum or some other orifice. 1. A taper- 
shaped medicinal preparation for introduction 
into the urethra, rectum, or the like, b. a boule 
(ah-bool') [Fr.], a bulbous bougie, acorn- 
tipped b., one of the forms of bulbous bougies, 
armed b. Same as caustic b. bellied b., a 
fusiform bougie, bulbous b., one with a bulb- 
shaped tip. caustic b., one which has a piece 
of silver nitrate or other caustic attached to its 
end: a form of portcaustic, conic b., a form 
with a cone-shaped tip. cylindric b., one with BOUGIENAGE 
185 
BOWEL 
a round or circular section, dilatable b., one 
whose diameter can be increased by turning a 
screw, or which swells in its place like a surgeon's 
tent, dilating b., one which is designed to 
effect the dilatation of a stricture, ear-b., one 
for used in aural surgery, elastic b., one made 
of india rubber or other elastic material, el- 
bowed b., one shaped like a sonde coude (q. v.). 
exploring b., one designed to be used like a probe, 
filiform b., one of very slender and almost hair- 
like caliber, fusiform b., one with a belly or 
expansion in its shaft. Gruber's b's, bougies 
of medicated gelatin for insertion iato the auditory 
meatus, medicated b., one which is charged 
with a medicinal substance, olive-tipped b., 
a form of bulbous bougie, rosary b., a beaded 
bougie for use in a strictured urethra, soluble 
b., one composed of a material that will melt or 
dissolve in situ, wax-b., one made of linen, 
gauze, or silk dipped in melted wax and then rolled, 
whip-b., one with a filiform point and a stem of 
gradually increasing caliber. 
bougienage, bouginage (boo-zhe-nahzh'). Dila- 
tation with a bougie. 
Bouillaud's disease, tinkle (boo-e-yoz') [Jean 
Baptiste Bouillaud, French physician, 1796-1881]. 
See under disease and tinkle. 
bouillon (boo-e-yaw') [Fr.]. A broth or soup pre- 
pared from the flesh of animals: used in food- 
preparations and as a bacteriologic culture- 
medium. See also cidturemedium, ascitic b., 
a mixture of 1 part of ascitic, pleuritic, or hy- 
drocele fluid with 2 parts of nutrient bouillon, 
calcium carbonate b., nutritive bouillon con- 
taining 1 per cent, of dextrose and 1 per cent, 
of calcium carbonate. It is used for obtaining 
mass cultures of the pneumococcus or of the 
streptococcus. The calcium carbonate neutralizes 
acids formed during the growth of the bacteria, 
carbolized b., nutrient bouillon containing from 
0.1 to 0.5 per cent, of phenol, dextrose b., 
nutrient bouillon containing 2 per cent, of dex- 
trose. Durham's inosite-free b. See inosite- 
free b. egg-albumen b., a bacteriologic culture- 
medium containing dried egg-albumen 4 gm., 
N/10 sodium hydroxid 40 c.c., water 200 c.c., and 
nutrient bouillon 600 c.c. b. filtre, 5 per cent, 
glycerin bouillon in which tubercle germs have 
grown. For use it is sterilized by filtration through 
porcelain, but it is not concentrated nor heated, 
fish b., a nutritive bouillon in which fish water is 
used in place of meat extract. Gasperini's 
wheat b. See wheat b. glucose-formate b., 
nutrient bouillon containing 2 per cent, of glucose 
and 0.4 per cent: of sodium formate, glycerin 
b., nutrient bouillon containing 6 per cent, of 
glycerol, glycerin-potato b., a cold water 
extract of grated potatoes containing 4 per cent, of 
glycerol, haricot b., an extract of haricot beans 
containing 1 per cent, of salt and 2 per cent, of 
cane-sugar. Use 250 gm. of beans to a liter of 
water, hydrocele b. See ascitic b. inosite- 
free b., nutrient bouillon in which Bacillus coli 
or some other sugar-fermenting organism has grown 
and thus removed all sugars. It is then clarified 
and sterilized, iron b., nutrient bouillon con- 
taining 0.1 per cent, of ferric tartrate or ferric 
lactate. Kitasato's glucose-formate b. 
See glucose-formate b. lactose-litmus b., 
nutrient bouillon containing 2 per cent, of lactose 
and sufficient htmus to color it a deep purple, 
lead b., nutrient bouillon containing 0.1 per cent, 
of lead acetate, litmus b., nutrient bouillon 
containing enough litmus solution to give it a 
dark lavender color., malachite green b., 
nutrient bouillon to each liter of which is added 
10 c.c. of 1 per cent, solution of malachite green, 
malt extract b., a nutritive medium made by 
dissolving 100 gm. of powdered malt extract in 
1 liter of water, adjusting the reaction to plus 1.5 
to phenolphthalein and heating in the autoclave 
for fifteen minutes. Then filter through paper 
and sterilize. It is used as a substitute for 
beer-wort bouillon. Martin's b., a prepara- 
tion of 5 parts of peptone from digested pig's 
stomach and roo parts of cattle or rabbits' serum, 
meat extract b., this is made the same as nu- 
trient bouillon except that 3 gm. of commercial 
meat extract and 1000 c.c. of water are used in 
place of the liter of meat infusion, meat in- 
fusion b. See nutrient b. nitrate b., nutrient 
bouillon containing 0.5 per cent, of potassium 
nitrate, nutrient b., meat infusion (q. v. under 
infusion) to which has been added 1 per cent, of 
peptone and 5 per cent, of salt. The reaction is 
usually set at a desired point and then the whole 
is sterilized. Parietti's b., nutrient bouillon 
containing small amounts of a mixture of 4 c.c. of 
hydrochloric acid and 100 c.c. of a 5 per cent, solu- 
tion of phenol. pleuritic b. See ascitic b. Red- 
dish's malt extract b. See malt extract b. 
serum b., a mixture of horse-serum and nutrient 
bouillon in various proportions, sugar b. See 
dextrose b. sulphindigotate b., nutrient 
bouillon containing 2 per cent, of glucose and 0.1 
per cent, of sodium sulphindigotate. Weyl's 
sulphindigotate b. See sulphindigotate b. 
wheat b., a nutritive medium made by dissolving 
wheat flour 150 gm., magnesium sulphate 0.5 gm., 
potassium nitrate 1.0 gm., and glucose 15 gm. in 
1000 c.c. of water. 
Bouilly's operation (boo-e-yaz') [Georges Bouilly, 
French surgeon, died 1848]. See under opera- 
tion. 
Bouin's fluid (bwahz') [Paul Bouin, contemporary 
French anatomist]. See under fluid. 
boulimia (boo-lim'e-ah). Bulimia. 
bouquet (boo-ka') [Fr.]. 1. A cluster of vessels, 
nerves, or fibers. 2. The characteristic flavor 
and aroma of a wine. 
Bourdin's paste (boor-dahz') [Claude Etienne 
Bourdin, French physician, born 1815]. See under 
paste. 
bourdonnement (boor-don-maw') [Fr.]. A hum- 
ming or buzzing sound, whether subjective or 
auscultatory. 
Bourget's test (boor-zhaz') [Louis Bourget, Swiss 
physician, 1856-1913]. See under test. 
boutonniere (boo-ton-yar'). An incision made into 
the urethra in order to extract an impacted cal- 
culus. 
Bouveret's disease, sign (boo-ver-az') [L. Bouve- 
ret, French physician]. See disease and sign. 
Boveri's test (bo'va-rez) [Piero Boveri, contempo- 
rary Italian neurologist]. See under test. 
bovine (bo'vin) [L. bovi'nus]. Pertaining to, or 
derived from, the ox, cow, or heifer. 
bovinin (bo'vin-in). A preparation of ox-blood, 
egg-albumin, boric acid, and brandy: used for 
anemia and nervous exhaustion. Dose, $ oz. (15 
c.c.); used also hypodermically. 
bovinoid (bo'vin-oid) [bovine + Gr. elSos form]. 
Resembling that of the ox; a term applied to a form 
of tubercle bacillus found in man and resembling 
true bovine tubercle bacilli. 
bovista (bo-vis'tah) [LJ. The fungus, Lycoper'- 
don bovis'ta. It is styptic and nervine: its use is 
mainly homeopathic. 
bovovaccination (bo"vo-vak-sin-a'shun). Vac- 
cination with bovovaccine. 
bovovaccine (bo-vo-vak'sen). An attenuated and 
ground human tubercle bacillus used by von Beh- 
ring for protective inoculation against bovine 
tuberculosis. 
bovril (bov'ril). A proprietary preparation of meat 
extract, glucose, and alcohol. 
Bowditch's law (bow'ditsh) [Henry Pickering 
Bowditch, Boston physiologist, 1840-1911]. See 
under law. See also treppe. 
bowel (bow'l) [Fr. boyau]. The intestine. BOWEN'S DISEASE 
186 
BRADYCROTIC 
Bowen's disease (bo'enz) [John T. Bowen, Amer- 
ican dermatologist, born 1857]. See under disease. 
bow-leg (bo'leg). An outward curve of one or 
both legs at or below the knee: genu varum. 
Bowman's capsule, membrane, theory, etc. 
(bo'manz) [Sir William Bowman, an English physi- 
cian, 1816-1892]. See capsule, membrane, theory, 
etc. 
box, fracture- (boks). A long box, without cover 
or ends, to support a broken limb. 
Boyer's bursa, cyst (bwah-yaz') [Alexis, Baron, 
de Boyer, French surgeon, 1757-1833]. See under 
bursa and cyst. 
Boyle's law (boilz) [Robert Boyle, British physicist, 
1627-1691]. See under law. 
Bozeman's catheter, position, etc. (boz'manz) 
[Nathan Bozeman, American surgeon, 1825-1905]. 
See catheter, position, etc. 
Bozzolo's sign (bot'tso-loz) [Camillo Bozzolo, 
Italian physician, born 1845]. See under sign. 
B.-p. Abbreviation for boiling-point. 
B. P., B. Ph. Abbreviations for British Pharma- 
copeia. 
Br. The chemic symbol of bromin. 
bracelets (bras'lets). Transverse markings across 
the palmar surface of the skin of the wrists. 
brachia (bra'ke-ah) [L. pl. of bra'chium]. The 
arms or any arm-like processes. See under 
brachium, b. cerebelli, the peduncles of the cere- 
bellum. b. cere'bri, b. of the optic lobes, 
the upper bands that connect the testes and the 
nares with the thalamus opticus, b. copula- 
ti'va, the superior peduncles of the cerebellum, 
b. pon'tis, the middle peduncle of the cerebel- 
lum. 
brachial (bra'ke-al) [L. brachia'lis, from bra'chium 
arm]. Pertaining to the arm. 
brachialgia (bra-ke-al'je-ah) [L. bra'chium arm + 
Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain in the arm or arms. 
brachialis (bra-ke-a'lis). See muscles, table of. 
brachinin (brak'in-in). A substance derived from 
the bombardier-beetle, Brachi'nus crep'itans: useful 
in rheumatism. 
brachiocephalic (brak"e-o-se-fal'ik) [Gr. ffpaxbxv 
arm + Ke<paXf] head]. Pertaining to the arm and 
head. 
brachiocrural (brak"e-o-kru'ral). Pertaining to 
the arm and thigh. 
brachiocubital (brak"e-o-ku'bit-al) [Gr. 0paxluv 
arm + L. cubi'tus forearm]. Pertaining to the 
arm and forearm. 
brachiocyllosis (brak"e-o-sil-o'sis) [Gr. /dpax^v 
arm + xuXXwais a bending]. Crookedness of the 
arm. 
brachiofaciolingual (brak"e-o-fa"she-o-lin'- 
gwal). Pertaining to or affecting the arm, face, 
and tongue. 
brachioradialis (brak"e-o-ra-de-a'lis). The supin- 
ator longus muscle. See muscles, table of. 
brachiotomy (bra-ke-ot'om-e) [Gr. (3paxia>v arm 
4- Topi) a cut]. The surgical or obstetric cut- 
ting or removal of an arm. 
brachiplex (bra'kip-leks). The brachial plexus. 
brachium (bra'ke-um), pl. bra'chia [L.; Gr. Bpa- 
Xtwv]. 1. The arm, or, more strictly, the arm 
above the elbow. 2. Any arm-like process. See 
under brachia, b. cerebelli. Same as b. con- 
junctivum. b. conjuncti'vum ante'rius. 
Same as b. quadrigem'imum ante'rius. b. con- 
juncti'vum cerebelli [BNA], the superior 
peduncle of the cerebellum, a fibrous band extend- 
ing from each hemisphere of the cerebellum upward 
over the pons, the two joining to form the sides and 
part of the roof of the fourth ventricle, b. con- 
juncti'vum poste'rius. Same as b. quadri- 
geminum posterius. b. infe'rius cerebelli, 
tfie inferior peduncle of the cerebellum, b. 
op'ticum, one of the processes extending from the 
corpora quadrigemina to the optic thalamus 
b. pon'tis [BNA], the brachium of the pons 
the middle peduncle of the cerebellum. Called ata 
medipeduncle and processus cerebelli ad poniem. b 
quadrigem inum ante'rius and poste'rius 
two white tracts of the brain: the anterior connect 
the nates with the external geniculate body, th 
optic thalamus, and optic tracts; the posterior con 
nects the testes with the internal geniculate bodj 
b. supe'rius cerebel li, the superior pedunci 
of the cerebellum. 
brachycardia, (brak-e-kar'de-ah). Same as bra 
dycardia. • 
brachycephalic, brachycephalous (brak"is-el 
al'ik, brak-is-ef'al-us) JGr. ^paxbs short + Ke<paX 
head]. Having a short head; having a cephali 
index of more than 80. 
brachycephalism, brachycephaly (brak-is-ef' 
al-izm, brak-is-ef'al-e). The fact or quality o 
being brachycephalic. 
brachychronic (brak-e-kron'ik) [Gr. Ppaxi 
Xpbvcos of short duration]. Acute: said of a diseas 
(Rabagliati). 
brachydactylia (brak"id-ak-til'e-ah) [Gr. ^paxb 
short + baKTvXos digit]. Abnormal shortness o 
the fingers and toes. 
brachyfacial (brak-if-a'shal). Having a shor 
face. 
brachygnathia (brak-ig-na'the-ah) [Gr. ^paxb 
short + yvaOos jaw]. Abnormal or very markec 
shortness of the under jaw. 
brachygnathous (bra-kig'na-thus) [Gr. 0paxb 
short + yvaOos jaw]. Having an unusually shor 
jaw. 
brachymetropia (brak"im-et-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. 0paxy 
short + perpov measure + o/ls sight]. Myopia 
or near-sightedness. 
brachymetropic (brak"im-et-rop'ik). Neat 
sighted, or myopic. 
brachyphalangia (brak-if-al-an'je-ah) [Gr. Qpaxv 
short + phalanx]. Abnormal shortness of one c 
the phalanges. 
brachystaphyline (brak-e-staf'il-in) [Gr. ^paxi 
short + ara<pvXr) uvula]. Having a short palate 
i. e., an index more than 85. 
bract (brakt). A small modified leaf in a flowe 
cluster. 
bradsot (brad'sot). Braxy or anthrax in sheep 
See braxy. 
bradyacusia (brad-e-ak-u'se-ah) [Gr. ^pabvs sloi 
+ aKovetv to hear]. Dulness of hearing. 
bradyarthria (brad-e-ar'thre-ah) [Gr. ^pabbs sloi 
+ apOpov articulation]. Bradylalia: abnormal! 
slow utterance of words. 
bradycardia (brad-ik-ar'de-ah) [Gr. 0pabbs sloi 
+ Kapbia heart]. Abnormal slowness of the heart 
beat, as evidenced by slowing of the pulse-rate t 
60 or less, cardiomuscular b., bradycardi 
caused by disease of the muscle of the heart, cen 
tral b., bradycardia dependent on disease of th 
central nervous system, clinostatic b., a cond 
tion marked by bradycardia, lessened blooc 
pressure, and acrocyanosis when the patient lie 
down (Vincent), essential b., bradycardia tha 
cannot be accounted for by the symptoms nor e? 
plained by any postmortem observations, an 
for which there is at present no known remedj 
nodal b., bradycardia in which the venous tra< 
ings show no wave due to the contraction of th 
auricle and in which the stimulus of the heart 
contraction arises in the auriculoventricular nod< 
postinfective b., bradycardia occurring afte 
infectious disease. 
bradycinesia (brad"is-in-e'ze-ah) [Gr. ^pabvKivi 
ala]. Abnormal slowness of motion. 
bradycrotic (brad-ik-rot'ik) [Gr. 0pabvs slow - 
Kpbros pulsation]. Characterized by slowness < 
pulse. BRADYCROTIN 
187 
BRAUN'S CANAL 
bradycrotin (brad-ik'ro-tin). A proprietary anti- 
pyretic remedy. 
bradydiastalsis (brad"e-di-as-tal'sis). Slow or 
delayed bowel movement. 
bradydiastole, bradydiastolia (brad"e-di-as'to- 
le, brad"id-i-as-to'le-ah) [Gr. 0pa5vs slow + dias- 
tole]. Abnormal prolongation of the diastole. 
bradyecoia (brad"e-e-koi'ah) [Gr. 0pabvr]Koos hard 
of hearing]. Partial deafness. 
bradyesthesia (brad"e-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 0pabvs 
slow + aMhpns perception]. Slowness or dulness 
of perception. 
bradyfibrin (brad-if-i'brin). See pseudofibrin. 
bradyglossia (brad-ig-los'e-ah) [Gr. 0pabvyXioaaos 
slow of speech]. Abnormal slowness of utterance. 
bradykinesia (brad-e-kin-e'se-ah). Bradycinesia. 
bradykinetic (brad-e-kin-et'ik) [Gr. 0pabvs slow 
+ Kiwqais motion]. Characterized by or per- 
formed by slow movement; a term applied to a 
method of showing the details of motor action by 
motion pictures taken very rapidly and shown very 
slowly. 
bradylalia (brad-il-a'le-ah) [Gr. 0pabvs slow + 
XaXeiu to talk]. Slow utterance, due to a central 
lesion. 
bradylexia (brad-e-lek'se-ah) [Gr. 0pa5vs slow + 
Xe^is word]. Abnormal slowness in reading, due 
neither to defect of intelligence or vision nor to 
ignorance of the alphabet. 
bradylogia (brad-il-o'je-ah) [Gr. fipabvXoyia]. Ab- 
normal slowness of speech. 
bradynosus (brad-in'o-sus) [Gr. 0pa5vs slow + 
voaos disease]. A chronic disease. 
bradypepsia (brad-ip-ep'se-ah) [Gr.]. Abnormally 
slow digestion. 
bradypeptic (brad-ip-ep'tik). Affected with slow 
digestion. 
bradyphagia (brad-e-fa'je-ah) [Gr. 0pa8ys slow + 
<payeiv to eat]. Abnormally slow habit of eat- 
ing. 
bradyphasia (brad-if-a'ze-ah) [Gr. 0pa6vs slow + 
ipdacs speech]. Slow utterance due to a central 
lesion. 
bradyphemia (brad-e-fe'me-ah) [Gr.0pa8vs slow 
+ tphnv speech]. Slowness of speech. 
bradyphrasia (brad-if-ra'ze-ah) [Gr. 0pa8vs slow 
+ ippaais utterance]. Slowness of speech due to 
mental disorder. 
bradypnea, bradypnoea (brad-ip-ne'ah) [Gr. 
0pa8vs slow 4- ttvot) breath]. Abnormal slowness 
of breathing. 
bradyspermatism (brad-is-per'mat-izm) [Gr. 0pa- 
8vs slow + oireppa semen]. Abnormally slow 
ejaculation of semen. 
bradysphygmia (brad-is-fig'me-ah) [Gr. 0pa8vs 
slow + a^vypbs pulse]. Abnormal slowness of 
the pulse. 
bradystalsis (brad-is-tal'sis) [Gr. 0pa8vs slow + 
(peristalsis]. A slow forward movement of the 
bowel contents. 
bradytocia (brad-it-o'se-ah) [Gr. 0pa8vs slow + 
tokos birth]. Lingering or slow parturition. 
bradytrophic (brad-it-rof'ik) [Gr. 0pa8vs slow + 
rpoip-q nutrition]. Having slow-acting nutritive 
processes. 
bradyuria (brad-e-u're-ah) [Gr. 0pa8bs slow + 
ovpoo urine]. Abnormally slow passage of urine. 
braidism (brad'izm) [after James Braid, an English 
surgeon, 1795-1860]. Same as hypnotism. 
ibrain (bran) [L. enceph'alon; Gr. eyKe<pa.Xos]. The 
mass of nervous material within the cranium, in- 
cluding the cerebrum, cerebellum, pons, and 
oblongata, abdominal b., the solar plexus, 
after-b., the metencephalon. b.-axis, the cere- 
bellum, oblongata, pons, crura, basal ganglia, and 
insula together, end-b. See telencephalon, b.- 
fag, exhaustion due to overwork, with the brain, 
fore-b. See prosencephalon, hind-b. See ep- 
encephalon, inter-b. See thalamencephalon. 
little b., the cerebellum, b.-mantle, all the 
portions of the cerebral cortex; called also pal- 
lium. mid-b., the mesencephalon, b.-mur- 
mur, a systolic murmur, chiefly heard in the tem- 
poral region, and principally in cases of rickets, 
b.-pan, the cranium, railway-b., cerebral dis- 
turbance following an injury in a railway acci- 
dent. b.-sand, the acervulus cerebri, or the 
gritty matter of which it is composed, b.-stem, 
the brain-axis; all of the brain except the cere- 
bellum and the cerebral cortex, b.-storm, a 
succession of sudden and severe paroxysms of 
cerebral disturbance, b.-sugar. See cerebrose. 
b.-tire. See b.-fag. 'tween-b., the thala- 
mencephalon or interbrain, walnut b., cerebral 
sclerosis, marked by shrinking of the brain tissue 
and widening of the sulci, resulting in a condition 
resembling in appearance a peeled walnut, wet 
b., the edematous condition of the brain due to 
alcoholism; alcoholic cerebral edema. 
bran (bran). The meal derived from the epider- 
mis or outer covering of a cereal grain. 
branalcane (bran-al'kan). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of resorcinol in boroglycerin: used in skin dis- 
eases. 
branchia (brang'ke-ah) [Gr. /Spayxia gills]. The 
gills of fishes and of others of the lower verte- 
brates: represented in the human fetus by the 
branchial clefts and arches. 
branchial (brang'ke-al) [Gr. ^payxta g>Hs]. Per- 
taining to or resembling the gills of a fish. 
branchiogenous (brang-ke-oj'en-us) [Gr. ffpayxia 
gills + yevvav to produce]. Formed from a 
branchial cleft or arch. 
branchioma (brang-ke-o'mah). A tumor con- 
nected with a branchial arch. 
branchiomere (brang'ke-o-mer). The segment in 
the early embryo from which the visceral arches 
are developed. 
branchiomerism (brang-ke-om'er-izm) [Gr. 0pay- 
Xia gills + pepos part]. The metamerism or 
metameric division of the entoderm. 
Brand bath (brant) [Ernst Brand, German physi- 
cian, i827-r8g7]. See under bath. 
Brande's test (brands) [William Thomas Brande, 
English chemist, 1788-1866]. See under test. 
brandy (bran'de) [L. spir'itus vi'ni gal'lici]. An 
alcoholic spirit distilled from wine and from va- 
rious fruits. It contains from 40 to 50 per cent, 
of alcohol, apple-b., cider-b., a spirit distilled 
from cider, peach-b., a brandy distilled from 
ripe peaches, potato-b., brandy distilled from 
potatoes. 
Braquehaye's operation (brak-a-ez') [Jules Pic 
Louis Braquehaye, French gynecologist, born 1865]. 
See operation. 
Brasdor's operation (brah-dorz') [Pierre Brasdor, 
French surgeon, 1721-1798]. See under operation. 
brash (brash). A burning sensation of the stomach; 
pyrosis, water-b., pyrosis, weaning b., di- 
arrhea in a nursling when put on food other than 
its mother's milk. 
brassard (bras-ar') [Fr.]. Red cross insignia worn 
on the left arm of all persons belonging to the 
sanitary service of the army. 
Brassica (bras'ik-ah) [L.]. A genus of cruciferous 
plants to which the cabbage, turnip, and mustard 
belong. 
brassicon (bras'ik-on). A preparation of pepper- 
mint oil, 2 c.c.; camphor, 6 gm.; ether, 4 c.c.; 
alcohol, 12 c.c.; mustard oil, 6 drops. 
Brauch-Romberg sign (browk'-rom'berg) 
[Brauch, contemporary German neurologist]. See 
Romberg's sign, under sign. 
Brauer's method (brow'erz) [L. Brauer, contempo- 
rary German physician]. See under method. 
Braun's canal (brawnz) [Carl von Braun, Vien- 
nese obstetrician, 1822-1891]. See under canal. BRAUN'S HOOK 
188 
BRICK-POX 
Braun's hook (brawnz) [Gustav von Braun, 
Austrian gynecologist, 1829-1911]. See under 
hook. 
Braun's test (brawnz) [Christopher Heinrich Bruun, 
German physician, born 1847]. See under test. 
Braun-Fernwald's sign (brawn-farn'valts) [Carl 
von Braun, Viennese gynecologist, 1823-1891]. See 
under sign. 
Braune's canal (brawn'ez) [Christian Wilhelm 
Braune, German anatomist, 1831-1892]. Seecuna/. 
Brau'nia jassyen'sis. A parasite, probably a 
larval tape-worm, found only once in man. 
Braxton Hicks. See Hicks. 
braxy (braks'e). The symptomatic anthrax of sheep. 
Brayer a (brah-ye'rah). A genus of rosaceous 
trees. The female flowers of B. anthelmin'tica, 
called cusso, kusso, or kousso, are anthelmintic, 
and are used to expel tapeworm. Dose in sub- 
stance, 2-8 dr. (8-32 gm.); of fluidextract, 2-8 dr. 
(8-32 c.c.); of infusion, 4-8 fl.oz. (118-236 c.c.). 
brayerin (bra'er-in). A bitter anthelmintic resin, 
C31H3gO10, from brayera. Dose, 20-40 gr. (1.3- 
2.6 gm.). 
Brazilian trypanosomiasis. See under trypan- 
osomiasis. 
bread (bred) [L. pa'nis]. A food-material made 
by mixing the flour of some grain with water and 
baking, almond b., a bread for diabetics, made 
of almond flour, brown b., bread made of 
maize, wheat, and rye together, casoid b., bread 
prepared from casein: used in diabetes, b. -crumb 
[L. mi'ca pan'is], bread used in pharmacy, mainly 
as a vehicle in making pills, diabetic b., bread 
made of flour which contains a minimum of carbo- 
hydrate; such as almond bread, casoid bread, 
geril b., a bread containing 7| per cent, of pro- 
tein and 9J per cent, of reducing sugar: used in 
constipation and diabetes. Graham b., bread 
made from the meal or unbolted flour of wheat, 
b.-paste, a watery culture-medium prepared 
from bread, and used in bacteriologic work, 
protein b. Same as casoid b. 
breadth-feeling (bredth'-fel-ing). That element 
in vision by which breadth or lateral extension 
is perceived. 
break (brak). The interruption of an electric 
current as distinguished from the make (q. v.). 
b.-shock, the shock produced by breaking the 
electric current as it is passing through the body. 
breakbone fever. Dengue. 
breakdown (brak'doun). A condition due to rup- 
ture of the suspensory ligament in a horse, causing 
the toe to point upward. 
breast (brest). 1. The anterior aspect of the 
chest or thorax. 2. The mamma or mammary 
gland, broken b., gathered b., mammary ab- 
scess. caked b. See stagnation mastitis under 
mastitis, chicken-b., pigeon-b., a condition of 
the chest in which the sternum is prominent: 
due to obstruction to infantile respiration or 
to rickets. Cooper's irritable b., neuralgia of 
the breast, funnel-b., deformity of the chest, 
consisting of a marked sinking-in of the sternum, 
especially of its lower portion, hysteric b., 
painful swelling of the breast due to hysteria, 
b.-pang, angina pectoris, proemial 6., the 
condition of the female breast which is a prelude 
to pathologic changes, b.-pump, an appar- 
atus for drawing milk from the mammary gland, 
shoemakers' b., sinking-in of the sternum in 
shoemakers, produced by the pressure of tools 
against the lower part of the sternum and the 
xiphoid cartilage, b.-tea. See species pectorales. 
breastings (brest'ingz). Colostrum. 
breath (breth) [L. spir'itus hal'itus]. The air 
taken in and expelled by the expansion and con- 
traction of the thorax. • 
breathing (bre'thing). See respiration, abdom- 
inal b., bronchovesicular b. See under 
respiration. Biot's b., Biot's respiration. See 
respiration, cerebral b. See cerebral respiration, 
under respiration. cog-wheel b., interrupted 
b., wavy b., breathing interrupted by nervous 
weakness or by muscular contraction, jerky b., 
that in which the inspiration is interrupted two or 
three times: also called wavy breathing, luxus b., 
the excess in breathing above the needs of the 
system, mouth-b., habitual respiration through 
the mouth, puerile b., the breathing normally 
heard in children, and sometimes in others, and 
characterized by an exaggerated respiratory mur- 
mur. suppressed b., breathing without any 
appreciable sound, as in extensive consolidation 
of the lung and in some cases of pleuritic effu- 
sion. thoracic b., respiration in which the 
thoracic walls are actively moved, transitional 
b. Same as bronchovesicular respiration. 
Breda's disease (bra'dahz) [Achille Breda, con- 
temporary Italian dermatologist]. Yaws. 
bredouillement (bra-dwe-maw'). A speech-defect 
in which only part of the word is pronounced, due 
to extreme rapidity of utterance. 
breech (brech). The nates or buttocks. 
breeze, electric (brez). See static b. head-b., 
electricity applied to the head by a plate with 
pencils for subdividing the current, static b., 
the brush of fan-shaped spark passing between 
the patient and the applicator in using static 
electricity with a pointed electrode. 
bregenin (breg'en-in) [A. S. breg'en brain]. An 
amino-lipin, CioHsiNOs, obtained from brain sub- 
stance. 
bregma (breg'mah) [L.; Gr. 0peypa]. The point 
on the surface of the skull at the junction of the 
coronal and sagittal sutures. 
bregmatic (breg-mat'ik). Pertaining to the bregma, 
brein (bre'in). A glucosid derived from. Bryo'nia 
al'ba: said to be a stimulant to the arterioles. 
Breisky's disease (bri'skez) [August Breisky, Ger- 
man gynecologist, 1832-1889]. Kraurosis vulvas. 
Bremer's test (brem'erz) [John Lewis Bremer, 
physician in Boston, born 1874]. See under test. 
Brenner's formula or test (bren'erz) [Rudolf 
Brenner, German physician, 1821-1884]. See 
under formula. 
brenz- is a pure German prefix meaning burnt. 
For words beginning thus, see pyro. 
brenzcain (brents-ka'in). See pyrocain. 
brenzcatechin (brents-kat'ek-in). Same as pyro- 
catechin. 
brenzcatechinuria (brents-kat"ek-in-u're-ah). 
The presence of brenzcatechin in the urine: al- 
kaptonuria or pyrocatechinuria. 
brephic (bref'ik) [Gr. ^pe<pos embryo]. Pertaining 
to an early stage of development. 
Breschet's canals, veins, etc. (bresh-az') [Gilbert 
Breschet, French anatomist, 1784-1845]. See 
under canal, vein, etc. 
Bretonneau's angina or disease (bret-on-oz') 
[Pierre Bretonneau, French physician, 1778-1862]. 
Diphtheria of the pharynx. 
Breus' mole (broys) [Carl Breus, Austrian obstet- 
rician, 1850-1914]. See under mole. 
breviductor (bre-vid-uk'tor) [L. bre'vis short 4- 
duc'tor leader]. The adductor brevis muscle. 
breviflexor (bre-vif-leks'or) [L. bre'vis short + 
flex'or bender]. Any short flexor muscle. 
breviradiate (bre-vir-a'de-at). Having short pro- 
longations: a term applied to one type of neuroglia 
cells. 
brevium (bre've-um). A radio-active disintegration 
product of uranium, claimed by the discoverer 
(Goehring; to be an element. 
Brewer's operation, point (bru'erz) [George 
Emerson Brewer, New York surgeon, born 1861]. 
See operation and point. 
brick-pox (brik'poks). A form of swine-erysipelas 
(Ger. Balksteinbldttern} due to a special organism. BRIDGE 
189 
BROMETONE 
bridge (brij). A device for replacing one or more 
missing teeth, supported by being fastened to ad- 
joining natural teeth, cytoplasmic b., a band 
of protoplasm joining two adjacent blastomeres, 
extension b., a bridge having a pontic attached 
at one end beyond the point of anchorage of 
the bridge, fixed b., a dental bridge which is 
permanently fixed to its abutements. Gaskell's 
b. See bundle of His. intercellular b's, proc- 
esses of cell substance connecting adjoining cells, 
b. of the nose, the upper portion of the ex- 
ternal nose formed by the nasal bones, remov- 
able b., a dental bridge which may be removed 
and replaced by the wearer, b. of Varolius, 
pons Varolii. Wheatstone's b., an instrument 
for measuring electric resistance. 
bridge-work (brij-werk). The fitting of artificial 
tooth-crowns to and over spaces made by the loss 
of natural teeth, such crowns being connected with 
natural teeth, or roots being used for anchorage. 
bridges (brij'ez). Protoplasmic structures which 
unite adjacent cell-elements, alike in plants and 
animals. 
bridle (bri'dl). Any frenum; also a loop or fila- 
ment which crosses the lumen of a passage on the 
surface of an ulcer. 
bridou (bre-doo'). Same as perleche. 
Brieger's bacillus, test (bre'gerz) [Ludwig 
Brieger, physician in Berlin, 1849-1919]. See 
bacillus and test. 
brier, bamboo- (bri'er). The root of Smi'lax 
rotundifo'lia, of the United States: alterative: 
used like sarsaparilla. Dose of fluidextract, 30- 
120 min. (2-8 c.c.). 
Bright's disease (brits) [Richard Bright, English 
physician, 1789-1858]. See nephritis and disease. 
brightic (bri'tik). 1. Affected with Bright's dis- 
ease. 2. A patient ill of Bright's disease. 
brightism (brit'izm). Chronic nephritis. 
Brill's disease (brilz) [Nathan E. Brill, New York 
physician, born i860]. See under disease. 
brilliant green. See under green. 
brim (brim). The edge of the superior strait of 
the pelvis. 
brimstone (brim'ston). See sulphur. 
Brinton's disease (brin'tonz) [William Brinton. 
English physician, 1823-1867]. See under disease, 
Briquet's ataxia, syndrome (bre-kaz') [Paul 
Briquet, French physician, 1796-1881]. See 
ataxia and syndrome. 
brisement (brez-maw') [Fr. " crushing "]. The 
breaking up of anything, as of an ankylosis, b. 
force, the breaking up of a bony ankylosis by 
force. 
brise-pierre (bres-pe-aF) [Fr. " stone-breaker "]. 
A form of lithotrite. 
Brissaud's disease, infantilism, reflex (bre- 
soz') [Edouard Brissaud, French physician, 1852- 
1909]. See disease, infantilism, and reflex. 
bristle-cell (bris'l-sel). See under cell. 
British thermal unit. See under unit. 
broach (brotch). A fine barbed instrument used by 
dentists for dressing a tooth-canal or for extracting 
the pulp. 
Broadbent's apoplexy, sign (broad'bentz) [Sir 
William Broadbent, English physician, 1835-1907]. 
See apoplexy and sign. 
Broca's area, fissure, formula, etc. (bro'kahz) 
[Paul Broca, a French surgeon, 1824-1880]. See 
area, fissure, formula, etc. 
Brocq's disease (broks) [Anne Jean Louis Brocq, 
French dermatologist, born 1856]. See disease. 
Brodie's (bro'dez) abscess, disease, knee, etc. 
[Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, English surgeon, 
1783-1862]. See abscess, disease, knee, etc. 
Brodie's ligament (bro'dez) [J. Gordon Brodie, 
Scotch anatomist, 1786-1818]. See ligament. 
Broesike's fossa (bre'ze-kez) [Gustav Broesike, 
German anatomist, born 1853]. See fossa. 
broken-wind (bro'ken-wind). Paroxysmal dysp- 
nea in the horse. 
brom-. See also bromo. 
bromacetone (brom-as'e-ton). Lacrimatory and 
lethal war gas, C3HsBrO. 
bromal (bro'mal). Tribromacetaldehyd, CBr3- 
CHO, a colorless, oily, poisonous liquid produced by 
the action of bromin on alcohol. It is used as a 
hypnotic and anodyne, and externally as an irri- 
tant. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.) in a cap- 
sule. b. hydrate, a crystalline substance, 
CBr3.CHO.H2O. It is an irritant hypnotic, more 
powerful than chloral hydrate, for which it is 
used in chorea and epilepsy. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066- 
0-333 gm.). 
bromalbacid (brom-al'bas-id). A bromin and 
albumin compound for nervous excitability. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
bromalbin (brom-al'bin). A compound of albumin 
and bromin containing about 18 per cent, of 
bromin. 
bromalbumin, bromo-albumin, bromosin 
(bro-mal-bu'min, bro"mo-al-bu'min, bro'mo-sin). 
A preparation of bromin (10 per cent.) and albu- 
min : used in epilepsy. 
bromalin (bro'mal-in). A colorless or white, crys- 
talline compound, (CH2)6N4.C2H6Br, or brom- 
ethylformin, recommended for use in epilepsy. 
Dose, 20-60 gr. (1.333-4 gm.). 
bromaloin (bro'mal-o-in). A crystalline deriva- 
tive from bromin and barbaloin. 
bromamid (bro'mam-id). A colorless, crystalline 
antipyretic and analgesic compound, tribrom- 
anilinhydrobromid, CgH2Br3.NH2.HBr. Dose, 10- 
15 gr. (0.666-1 gm.). 
bromate (bro'mat). Any salt of bromic acid. 
bromated (bro'ma-ted). Combined with or con- 
taining bromin. 
bromatherapy (bro-mah-ther'ap-e). Bromato- 
therapy. 
bromatol (bro'mat-ol). A proprietary whooping- 
cough remedy, consisting of bromoform emulsified 
in 35-40 per cent, cod-liver oil. 
bromatology (bro-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. 0pixpa food + 
\byos treatise]. The science of foods and dietetics. 
bromatotherapy (bro"mat-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 
(dp&pa food + OepaTvela treatment]. The use of 
food in treating disease. 
bromatotoxin (bro-mat-o-toks'in) [Gr. fip&pa. food 
+ toxin]. The poison formed in food by fer- 
mentation, etc. 
bromatoxism, bromatotoxismus (bro-ma- 
toks'izm, bro-ma-to-toks-iz'mus) [Gr. ^pwpa food 
+ to^lkov poison]. Poisoning by food. 
bromcresol-purple (brom-kre'sol). An indicator, 
dibromorthocresolsulphonephthalein, used in the 
determination of hydrogen-ion concentration. It 
has a Ph range of 5.2 to 6.8, being yellow at 5.2 
and purple at 6.8. 
bromdiethylacetylcarbamid (brom-di-eth"il- 
as"et-il-kar'bam-id). Adalin. 
bromdiethylacetylurea (brom-di-eth"il-as"et-il- 
u-re'ah). A colorless, crystalline substance, (C2- 
H,)2CBr.CONH.CO.CH2: sedative and hypnotic. 
bromeigon (brom-i'gon). An eigon of bromin 
and an albuminous substance. 
bromelin (bro-mel'in) [L. brome'lia pineapple]. A 
ferment like trypsin, from pineapple-juice. 
bromethyl (bro-meth'il). See ethyl bromid. 
bromethylene (brom-eth'il-en). Same as ethylene 
bromid. 
bromethylformin (brom"eth-il-for'min). See bro- 
malin. 
brometone (brom'et-6n). A white, crystalline 
compound of bromoform and acetone, homologous BROMGLIDIN 
190 
BROMOTHYMIN 
with chloretone, tribromtertiary butyl alcohol, 
CBr3.C(OH)(CH3)2, soluble in alcohol, ether, and 
sparingly in water. It is sedative and is used in 
headache, chronic cough, and epilepsy. Dose, 5 
gr- (o.333 gm.). 
bromglidin (brom-gli'din). A proprietary organic 
bromin compound: used as a sedative. 
bromhemol, bromohemol (brom-he'mol, bro- 
mo-he'mol). Hemol combined with 2.7 per cent, 
of bromin. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
bromic (bro'mik). Like bromin; containing bro- 
min. 
bromid (bro'mid). Any binary compound of 
bromin: many of them are useful in epilepsy, 
being cardiac and cerebral depressants. 
bromidia (bro-mid'e-ah). A proprietary hypnotic 
and anodyne preparation. 
bromidin (bro'mid-in). A hypnotic preparation 
of chloral hydrate, extract of cannabis, and ex- 
tract of hyoscyamus. 
bromidrosiphobia (brom"id-ro-ze-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 
0pa>pos stench + Ibpus sweat + <p60os fear]. Mor- 
bid dread of bodily odors, with delusions as to 
their perception. 
bromidrosis (brom-id-ro'sis) [Gr. Ppupos stench + 
Ibpws sweat]. Fetid perspiration. 
bromil (bro'mil). An organic bromid preparation, 
used like potassium bromid. 
bromin (bro'min) [L. bro'mium, bro'minium, bro'- 
mum; Gr. ^pupos stench]. A reddish-brown 
liquid element, symbol Br, giving off suffocating 
vapors. Its atomic weight is 79.92, its specific 
gravity, 2.99. Its compounds are mostly seda- 
tive. A saturated aqueous solution of bromin is 
used as a disinfectant and in skin diseases. 
brominism, bromism (bro'min-izm, bro'mizm). 
A condition of poisoning produced by the ex- 
cessive use of bromin or a bromin compound. 
The symptoms produced are an eruption of acne 
upon the face and body, headache, coldness of the 
extremities, fetor of breath, sleepiness, and loss 
of strength and sexual power. 
brominol (bro'min-ol). Same as bromipin. 
bromipin (bro'mi-pin). A yellow, oily liquid, 
being a bromin addition-product of sesame oil. 
and containing about 10 per cent, of bromin. It is 
a sedative and nervine. Dose, a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful. 
bromization (bro-mi-za'shun). Impregnation with 
bromids or bromin; the administration of large 
doses of bromids. 
bromized (bro'mizd). Under the influence of 
bromids. 
bromoaceton (bro-mo-as'et-on). CH2Br.CO.CH3, 
a lacrimating war gas. 
bromoacetophenon (bro-mo-as-et-o"fe'non). Q- 
H5.CO.CH2Br, a lacrimating war gas. 
bromo-albumin (bro"mo-al-bu'min). See brom- 
albumin. 
bromobenzylcyanid (bro"mo-ben-zil-si'an-id). 
CsH5.CHBr.CN, one of the best lacrimating war 
gases. 
bromocaffein (bro-mo-kaf'e-in). A proprietary 
bromin and caffein compound: used for sick 
headache. 
bromocarpine (bro-mo-kar'pin). A proprietary 
remedy for epilepsy and other nervous disorders, 
containing, it is said, potassium bromid and pilo- 
carpin. 
bromochinal (bro-mo-ke'nal). Yellow crystals of 
quinin dibromsalicylate. It is a feeble antipyretic 
and soporific. 
bromochloralum (bro"mo-klo-ral'um). A pro- 
prietary compound containing bromin and chlor- 
alum: disinfectant and antiseptic. 
bromocoll (bro'mo-kol). A yellowish, tasteless 
powder, a combination of gelatin and tannin with 
bromin: used like potassium bromid; also in an 
ointment for pruritus. Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.198-1 
gm.). 
bromoderma (bro-mo-der'mah) [bromin 4* Gr. 
Seppa skin]. A skin eruption due to the use of 
bromin or bromids. 
bromoform (bro'mo-form). A colorless liquid, 
tribrom methane, CHBr3, an anesthetic and anti- 
spasmodic substance. It is used as an anesthetic 
in whooping-cough and as a sedative in sea-sickness. 
Dose, 3-15 min. (0.194-1 c.c.). acetone b., 
brometone. 
bromoformin (bro-mo-for'min). Same as bro- 
malin. 
bromoformism (bro-mo-for'mizm). Poisoning 
with bromoform. 
bromogallol (bro-mo-gal'ol). See gallobromol. 
bromoglidin (bro-mo-gli'din). A compound of 
bromin and glidin: used like the bromids. 
bromohemol. See bromhemol. 
bromohyperhidrosis (bro"mo-hi-per-hid-ro'sis) 
[Gr. ^pcbpos stench + virep over, excessive + 
ISpaxns perspiration]. Excessive and badly smell- 
ing perspiration. 
bromoiodism (bro-mo-i'o-dizm). Poisoning with 
bromin and iodin or their compounds. 
bromoketone (bro-mo-ke'ton). See bromomethyl- 
ethyl ketone. 
bromol (bro'mol). Tribromphenol, C8H2Br3OH, 
a crystalline antiseptic, nearly insoluble in water, 
but readily soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, 
etc. It is a disinfectant and caustic. Its 3 per 
cent, solution in olive oil is used in diphtheria, 
whooping-cough, etc. Dose, gr. (0.006- 
0.022 gm.). 
bromolecithin (bro-mo-les'ith-in). A brominated 
lecithin. 
bromolein (bro-mo'le-in). A brominated almond 
oil. 
bromolithia (bro-mo-lith'e-ah). A proprietary 
remedy for gout and rheumatism. 
bromomangan (bro-mo-man'gan). A proprietary 
tonic preparation for anemia, epilepsy, hysteria, 
and neurasthenia. 
bromomania (bro-mo-ma'ne-ah) [bromin + mania]. 
Mental disorder induced by the injudicious use of 
the bromin compounds. 
bromomenorrhea (bro"mo-men-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
Ppupos stench + proves menses'+ poia flow]. The 
discharge of menses characterized by an offen- 
sive odor. 
bromomethylethyl ketone. CH2Br.CO.C2H5. 
A lacrimating war gas. 
bromophenol (bro-mo-fe'nol). 1. Same as bro- 
mol. 2. A violet-colored, strong-smelling liquid, 
C8H4BrOH, employed in ointments for erysip- 
elas. 
bromophenylacetonitril. See bromobenzylcy- 
anid. 
bromophenylmethyl ketone. See bromo-aceto- 
phenone. 
bromophor (bro'mo-for). A preparation of dibro- 
moricinoleic acid, used externally in skin diseases. 
bromopnea, bromopnoea (brom-op-ne'ah) [Gr. 
fip&pos stench + irvo-q breath]. Fetid breath. 
bromopyrin (bro-mo-pi'rin). 1. An antipyretic 
remedy, antipyrin monobromid, CuHnBrNjO, in 
white needles: used like antipyrin. 2. A propri- 
etary compound of antipyrin, caffein, and sodium 
bromid. 
bromoseltzer (bro-mo-selt'zer). A proprietary 
remedy for headache, etc. 
bromosin (bro'mo-sin). Same as bromalbacid. 
bromosoda (bro-mo-so'dah). A proprietary ano- 
dyne and antidyspeptic remedy. 
bromothymin (bro-mo-thi'min). A proprietary 
whooping-cough remedy, composed of bromoform 
and compound syrup of thyme. BROMOTOLUN ITRI L 
191 
BRONCHOCELE 
bromotolunitril (bro-mo-tol-u-ni'tril). See bro- 
mobenzylcyanid. 
bromphenol blue. An indicator, tetrabromphe- 
nolsulphonephthalein: used in the determination of 
hydrogen-ion concentration. It has a Ph range of 
3 to 4.6, being yellow at 3 and blue at 4.6. 
bromphenols (brom-fe'nolz). A series of bromin- 
ized phenols, sometimes found in the precipi- 
tates of tested urine. 
bromphenyl-acetyl-cystein (brom-fen"il-as"et- 
il-sis-te'in). See phenylmercapturic acid, under 
acid. 
bromthymol blue. An indicator, dibromthymol- 
sulfonphthalein: used in the determination of 
hydrogen-ion concentration. It has a Ph range of 
6 to 7.6, being yellow at 6 and blue at 7.6. 
bromum (bro'mum) [L.]. The U. S. P. name for 
bromin. 
bromural (brom-u'ral). Monobromisovalerianyl- 
urea, (CH3)2.CH.CH(Br).CO.NH.CO.NH2, used 
as a nerve sedative and mild hypnotic. Dose, 
5-10 gr. (0.33-0.65 gm.). 
bronchadenitis (brong"kad-en-i'tis) [Gr. 0pbyx^o- 
bronchia + abqv gland 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the bronchial glands. 
bronchi (brong'ki) [L.]. Plural of bronchus. 
bronchia (brong'ke-ah) [L.; Gr. fdpbyxia]. Bron- 
chial tubes smaller than the bronchi and larger 
than the bronchioles. 
bronchial (brong'ke-al) [L. bronchia'lis]. Per- 
taining to the bronchi or bronchia. 
bronchiarctia (brong-ke-ark'she-ah) [L. bron'- 
chus air-passage 4- ar eta're to bind]. Stenosis 
of a bronchial tube. 
bronchiectasis (brong-ke-ek'tas-is) [Gr. /3po7xos 
bronchus 4- tKraais dilatation]. Dilatation of 
the bronchi or of a bronchus. It may affect the 
tube uniformly (cylindric bi), or may occur in 
irregular pockets {sacculated bi). It is marked 
by fetid breath and paroxysmal coughing, with 
the expectoration of mucopurulent matter, cap- 
illary b., dilatation of the bronchioles. 
bronchiectatic (brong-ke-ek-tat'ik). Affected 
with or marked by bronchiectasis. 
bronchiloquy (brong-kil'o-kwe) [L. bron'chus 
bronchus 4- lo'qui to speak], A high-pitched 
pectoriloquy due to a consolidated lung. 
bronchiocele (brong'ke-o-sel) [bronchiole 4- Gr. 
Kq\q tumor]. A dilatation or swelling of a bron- 
chiole. 
bronchiocrisis (brong"ke-o-kri'sis). Bronchial 
crisis. See under crisis. 
bronchiogenic (brong-ke-o-jen'ik). Bronchial in 
origin. 
bronchiole (brong'ke-61) [L. bronchi'olus]. A 
minute bronchial tube; one of the finer subdi- 
visions of the bronchia. 
bronchiolectasis (brong"ke-o-lek'tas-is) [bron- 
chiole 4- Gr. eKTaais dilatation]. Dilatation of 
the bronchioles. 
bronchiolitis (brong"ke-o-li'tis). Capillary bron- 
chitis. acute obliterating b., cirrhosis of the 
lung due to induration of the walls of the bron- 
chioles. b. exudati'va (Curschmann), inflam- 
mation of the bronchioles, with exudation of 
Curschmann's spirals and grayish, tenacious 
sputum; often merging into asthma, vesicular 
b., bronchopneumonia. 
bronchiospasm (brong'ke-o-spazm). Spasmodic 
narrowing of the caliber of the bronchial tubes. 
bronchiostenosis (brong"ke-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. 
^po7xia bronchia 4- areputris stenosis]. Stenosis 
of the bronchi; bronchiarctia. 
bronchisan (bron'kis-an). A 4 per cent, solution 
of pyrenol: used as an expectorant and sedative in 
whooping-cough, chronic bronchial catarrh, etc. 
bronchisepticin (brong-ke-sep'tis-in). An antigen 
prepared from Bacillus bronchisepticus: used in the 
skin test for canine distemper. 
bronchismus (brong-kis'mus). Same as bronchio- 
spasm. 
bronchitic (brong-kit'ik) [L. bronchit'icus], Per- 
taining to, affected with, or of the nature of, bronch- 
itis. 
bronchitis (brong-ki'tis) [Gr. ^pbyxca. air-tubes 
+ -Uis]. Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, 
acute b., a bronchitic attack with a short and 
more or less severe course. It is due to exposure 
to cold, to the breathing of irritant substances, 
and to acute general diseases. It is marked by 
fever, pain in the chest, especially on coughing, 
dyspnea, and cough, arachidic b., bronchitis 
caused by the aspiration of peanut kernels into the 
bronchi, capillary b., an inflammation of the 
more minute air-passages of the lungs. It is 
attended with fever, dyspnea, and depression, and 
is often fatal. Castellani's b., broncho- 
spirochetosis. catarrhal b., a form of acute 
bronchitis with a profuse mucopurulent dis- 
charge. cheesy b., a form accompanying 
some cases of tuberculosis of the lung, in which 
the alveoli are filled with cells that undergo a 
cheesy degeneration, chronic b., a long-con- 
tinued form, often with a more or less marked 
tendency to recurrence after stages of quiescence. 
It is due to repeated attacks of acute bronchitis 
or to chronic general diseases; characterized by 
attacks of coughing, by expectoration, either 
scanty or profuse, and secondary changes in the 
lungs, croupous b., fibrinous b., plastic 
b., bronchitis with violent cough and paroxysms 
of dyspnea, in which casts of the bronchial tubes 
are expectorated with Charcot-Leyden crystals 
and eosinophile cells, dry b., a form with a 
scanty secretion of tough sputum, epidemic 
b. See influenza, epidemic capillary b., 
a dangerous form which sometimes accompanies 
an epidemic of measles, ether b., that due 
to the irritation of ether, exudative b. Same as 
croupous b. hemorrhagic b., bronchospiro- 
chetosis. mechanic b., a variety caused by 
the inhalation of dust or of solid particles, mem- 
branous b. Same as croupous b. b. oblit'- 
erans, a form in which the smaller bronchi 
become filled with nodules made up of fibrinous 
exudate, phthinoid b., tuberculous bronchitis 
with purulent expectoration, plastic b. See 
croupous b. polypoid b. Same as croupous b. 
productive b., bronchitis with the development 
of fibrous tissue in and around the bronchi, pseu- 
domembranous b. Same as croupous b. pu- 
trid b., a form of chronic bronchitis in which the 
sputum is very offensive, secondary b., that 
which occurs either as a complication of some acute 
disease, such as a fever, or as a local expres- 
sion of some constitutional disorder, staphylo- 
coccus b., bronchitis caused by staphylococci, 
streptococcus b., bronchitis due to strepto- 
cocci. suffocative b. Same as capillary b. 
verminous b., bronchitis in sheep and cattle, 
due to the presence of a worm, Strongylus filaria. 
vesicular b., that in which the inflammation 
extends into the alveoli, which are sometimes 
visible under the pleura as whitish-yellow granu- 
lations like millet-seeds. 
bronchium (brong'ke-um), pl. bron'chia [L.J. 
One of the subdivisions of a bronchus. 
broncho-adenitis (brong"ko-ad-en-i'tis). Same 
as bronchadenitis. 
bronchoblennorrhea (brong"ko-blen-o-re'ah). 
Chronic bronchitis in which the sputum is copious, 
thin, and mucopurulent. 
bronchocavernous (brong-ko-kav'er-nus). Both 
bronchial and cavernous. 
bronchocele (brong'ko-sel) [Gr. flpoyxos windpipe 
4- KyXr) tumor]. See goiter, cystic b., goiter 
containing cysts. BRONCHOCEPHALITIS 
192 
BRUCELLA 
bronchocephalitis (brong"ko-sef-al-i'tis). A syn- 
onym of whooping-cough. 
bronchoconstriction (brong"ko-kon-strik'shun). 
The reduction of the caliber of the bronchi. 
bronchoconstrictor (brong"ko-kon-strik'tor). 
Constricting or narrowing the lumina of the air- 
passages of the lungs. 
bronchodilatation (brong"ko-di-la-ta'shun). Di- 
latation of a bronchus. 
bronchodilator (brong"ko-di-la'tor). Dilating or 
expanding the lumina of the air-passages of the 
lungs. 
broncho-egophony (brong"ko-e-gof'o-ne). Same 
as egobronchophony. 
broncho-esophagoscopy (brong"ko-e-sof-ag-os/- 
ko-pe). The instrumental examination of the 
bronchi and esophagus. 
bronchol (brong'kol). A proprietary bronchitis 
remedy containing terebene, oil of sandalwood, 
creosote, eucalyptol, and strychnin. 
broncholith (brong'ko-lith) [Gr. ^pbyxos air-pas- 
sage + \lOos stone]. A bronchial calculus. 
bronchomoniliasis (brong"ko-mo-nil-i'as-is). In- 
fection of the bronchi with Monilia. 
bronchomotor (brong-ko-mo'tor). Affecting the 
caliber of the bronchi. 
bronchomycosis (brong"ko-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. 0pby- 
Xos air-passage + pvtcqs fungus]. Any bronchial 
disorder due to microbes. 
broncho-oidiosis (brong"ko-o-id-e-o'sis). Bronch- 
itis caused by oidium. 
bronchopathy (brong-kop'ath-e) [Gr. ^pbyxos air- 
passage + irados disease]. Any disease of the air- 
passages of the lungs. 
bronchophony (brong-kof'o-ne) [Gr. ^pbyxos air- 
passage + qxmrn voice]. The sound of the voice 
as heard through the stethoscope applied over a 
healthy bronchus. Heard elsewhere, it indicates 
solidification of the lung tissue, pectorilo- 
quous b., a bronchophony with an accompani- 
ment of pectoriloquy, sniffling b., that which 
is accompanied with a sniffing sound, as of air 
drawn through the nose, whispered b., that 
which is heard while the patient is whispering. 
bronchoplasty (brong'ko-plas-te) [Gr. fipbyxos 
bronchus 4- TrXaaaeiv to mold]. Plastic surgery 
of the trachea; surgical closure of a fistula in the 
trachea or bronchus. 
bronchoplegia (brong"ko-ple'je-ah). Paralysis of 
the bronchial tubes. 
bronchopleuropneumonia (brong"ko-plu"ro- 
nu-mo'ne-ah). Pneumonia complicated by bronch- 
itis and pleurisy. 
bronchopneumonia (brong"ko-nu-mo'ne-ah) 
[bronchi + pneumonia]. Inflammation of the 
bronchi and lungs; lobular or catarrhal pneu- 
monia. The disease begins in the bronchi and 
spreads to the parenchyma of the lungs. 
bronchopneumonic (brong"ko-nu-mon'ik). Per- 
taining to, affected with, or caused by broncho- 
pneumonia. 
bronchopulmonary (brong"ko-pul'mon-a-re). 
Pertaining to the lungs and their air-passages; 
both bronchial and pulmonary. 
bronchorrhagia (brong"kor-a'je-ah) [Gr. ^pbyxos 
air-passage -p p-qyvvvac to burst forth]. Hemor- 
rhage from the lungs. 
bronchorrhea (brong-kor-e'ah) [Gr. (dpbyxos air- 
passage + poia flow]. Excessive discharge of 
mucus from the air-passages of the lungs. 
bronchoscope (brong'ko-skop). An instrument 
for inspecting the interior of the bronchi. 
bronchoscopy (brong-kos'ko-pe) [Gr. ^pbyxos air- 
passage + ffKoneip to examine]. Examination of 
the bronchi through a tracheal wound or through 
a bronchoscope (Killian, 1898). 
bronchospasm (brong'ko-spazm). Bronchial 
spasm. 
bronchospirochetosis (brong"ko-spi-ro-ke-to'- 
sis). An infectious disease caused by the presence 
in the bronchi of the Spirochata bronchialis and 
marked by chronic bronchitis attended by the 
spitting of blood; called also Castellanis bron- 
chitis and hemorrhagic bronchitis. 
bronchostenosis (brong"ko-sten-o'sis) [Gr. 
Bpbyxos bronchus + aTevoiats stricture]. Stric- 
ture or abnormal diminution of the caliber of a 
bronchial tube, spasmodic b., spasmodic con- 
traction of the walls of the bronchi. 
bronchotetany (brong-ko-tet'an-e). Extreme dysp- 
nea caused by spasm of the bronchial muscula- 
ture, preventing access of air. 
broncho tome (brong'ko-tom). A cutting instru- 
ment used in performing bronchotomy. 
bronchotomy (brong-kot'o-me) [Gr. ^poyxos a'r' 
passage + ropq cut]. Surgical incision of the 
trachea or of a bronchus. 
bronchotracheal (brong"ko-tra'ke-al). Pertain- 
ing to the bronchi and trachea. 
broncho typhoid (brong-ko-ti'foid). Typhoid fe- 
ver beginning with severe bronchitis. 
bronchotyphus (brong"ko-ti'fus). Typhus com- 
plicated with bronchial catarrh. 
bronchovesicular (brong"ko-ves-ik'u-lar). Both 
bronchial and vesicular. See respiration. 
bronchus (brong'kus), pl. bron'chi [L.; Gr. fipby- 
Xos windpipe]. i. Either one of the two main 
branches of the trachea. 2. The trachea, epar- 
terial b., the first division of the right bronchus, 
hyparterial b., the left bronchus, together with 
the right bronchus below the first division. 
bronzed skin (bronzd skin). See melasma supra- 
renale. 
broom (brum). See scoparius and spartein. 
brophenin (bro-fe'nin). Paraphenetidin brom- 
isovalerylaminoacetate: used as a febrifuge and 
analgesic. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.6-1.8 gm.). 
brossage (bros-sazh') [Fr. "brushing"]. The 
operation of removing granulations by a stiff 
brush, as in trachoma. 
broth (broth). See bouillon, bile salt b. See 
bile salt medium, under culture-medium. Lip- 
schutz 's egg-albumen b. See egg-albumen 
bouillon, under bouillon. MacConkey's bile 
salt b. See bile salt medium under culture- 
medium. Uschinsky's protein-free b. See 
protein-free bouillon, under bouillon. 
brousnika (broos'ne-kah) [Russ.]. A diuretic 
preparation of the berries of V actin'ium vi'tis- 
Idce'a, or red bilberry. Dose, 2-4 dr. (8-16 c.c.). 
broussaisism (broos-a'sizm) [after F. J. V. Brous- 
sais, 1772-1838]. The obsolete opinion taught 
by Broussais, that irritability of the mucous mem- 
brane of the alimentary canal was a point of 
primary importance in the causation of disease. 
brovalol (bro-val'ol). A proprietary oily liquid, 
bornylbromvalerate, CHs.CH(CH3).CH(Br).CO.- 
O.(Ci6H17), said to contain 25.2 per cent, bromin, 
26.5 isovalerianic acid, and 48.3 borneol: used as 
an antispasmodic and nervine. Dose, 4-12 min. 
(0.26-0.8 c.c.). 
brow (brow). The superciliary ridge; also the 
forehead, or either lateral half thereof, b.-ache, 
b.-ague, b.-pang, supraorbital neuralgia, or 
hemicrania. 
brown (broun). A dusky, reddish-yellow color. 
Bismarck-b., a basic anilin dye, much used as 
a stain and counterstain in histology, b.-tail 
moth dermatitis. See under dermatitis. 
brownian movement (brow'ne-an) [Robert 
Brown, English botanist, 1773-1858]. See move- 
ment. 
Brown-Sequard's disease, sign, etc. (brown- 
sa-karz') [Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard, French 
physiologist, 1818-1894]. See disease, sign, etc. 
brown-tail moth dermatitis. See dermatitis. 
Brucella (broo-sel'ah). A genus of bacteria in- BRUCE'S SEPTICEMIA 
193 
BUBO 
eluding B. abor'tus {Bacillus abortus) and B. meli- 
ten'sis {Bacillus melitensis). 
Bruce's septicemia (broos'ez) [Sir David Bruce, 
surgeon in British army]. Malta fever. 
Bruch's glands, etc. (brooks) [Carl Wilhelm Lud- 
wig Bruch, German anatomist, 1819-1884]. See 
gland, etc. 
brucin (bru'sin) [from Bru'cea, a genus of shrubs 
named for J. Bruce, 1730-1794]. A bitter, white, 
poisonous alkaloid, C23H28N2O4-t-4H2O, from nux 
vomica and other species of Strychnos. Dose, g^- 
A gr. (0.001-0.004 gm.). 
Briicke's muscle, etc. (bre'kez) [Ernst Wilhelm 
von Briicke, Austrian physiologist, 1819-1892]. 
See under muscle, etc. 
Bruck's test (brooks) [C. Bruck, German physi- 
cian], See under tests. 
Brudzinski's sign (broo-zin'skez) [J. Brudzinski, 
contemporary Polish physician]. See under sign. 
bruise (brooz). A superficial injury produced by 
impact without laceration; a contusion. 
bruissement (brues-maw') [Fr.]. A purring tremor, 
bruit (brue) [Fr.]. A sound or murmur heard in 
auscultation, especially an abnormal one. an- 
eurysmal b., a blowing sound heard over an 
aneurysm, b. d'airain (da-ran') [Fr. "noise of 
brass "], a metallic pectoral tinkling, or bell- 
sound, heard in auscultation or percussion over 
a thoracic cavity, b. de choc [Fr. " sound of 
impact "], the second cardiac sound, accompanied 
by a sound of impact, such as is heard over an 
aneurysm of the aorta, b. de clapotement, a 
splashing sound indicative of dilatation of the 
stomach when pressure is made on the walls of the 
abdomen, b. de claquement, a clapping sound 
caused by the sudden contact of parts, b. de 
craquement, a crackling pericardial or pleural 
bruit, b. de cuir neuf, the new-leather sound: 
a creaking noise; usually a sign of pericarditis or 
pleurisy. Called also Bright's murmur, b. de 
diable, venous hum. See under hum. b. de 
drapeau, a flapping rustle heard in croup and 
laryngitis, and sometimes in nasal polyp, b. de 
froissement, a clashing noise of various ori- 
gin. b. de frolement, a rustling murmur from 
pericardial or pleural friction, b. de frottement, 
a rubbing or frictional sound of various origin, 
b. de galop. See cantering rhythm, under 
rhythm, b. de grelot, a bruit usually caused by 
the presence of a foreign body in the respiratory 
passages, b. de Leudet, a fine crackling sound 
in the ear, audible to both the patient and the ex- 
aminer, heard in catarrhal and nervous disorders 
of the ear. b. de lime, a filing cardiac sound, 
b. de moulin, a splashing or water-wheel sound 
synchronous with systole, sometimes heard sev- 
eral meters from the patient, variously attributed 
to cardiac, pericardiac, or mediastinal causes, b. 
de parchemin, a sound as of two pieces of parch- 
ment rubbed together: of valvular cardiac origin, 
b. de piceulement, a cardiac murmur like the 
mewing of a cat. b. de pot fele, a cracked-pot 
sound, characteristic of various lung cavities, etc. 
b. de rape, a rasping, cardiac, valvular murmur, 
b. de rappel, a sound as of a drum; a delayed 
mitral murmur, b. de Roger, a loud, continuous 
murmur with no interval between the systolic and 
diastolic periods, heard in the third interspace to 
the left of the sternum in imperforation of the ven- 
tricular septum. Called also Roger's murmur, b. 
de scie, a cardiac sawing sound, b. de soufflet, 
a bellows sound of the heart. See souffle, b. de 
tabourka. Same as timbre metallique. b. du di- 
able [Fr. diable, a "humming top"], a buzzing ve- 
nous murmur in anemia, false b., one due to press- 
ure by the stethoscope, or derived from the circu- 
lation in the ear of the auscultator. Leu- 
det's b. See b. de Leudet b. placentaire, 
a blowing sound heard in the pregnant uterus, 
and caused by the fetal circulation, b. sko- 
dique. See resonance, skodaic, systolic b., a 
pathologic heart-sound heard, on auscultation, with 
the systole of the heart. Verstraeten's b., 
a bruit heard in auscultation over the lower border 
of the liver in cachectic patients. 
Brunn's membrane, nests (broonz) [Albert von 
Brunn, German anatomist, 1849-1895]. See mem- 
brane and nests. 
Brunner's glands (brun'erz) [Johann Conrad 
Brunner, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1727] See gland. 
brunonianism (broo-no'ne-an-izm) [from John 
Brown, 1735-1788]. The obsolete doctrine that 
all disease is due either to excess or lack of stimulus. 
Bruns' disease (brunz) [John Dickson Bruns, 
New Orleans physician, 1836-1883]. See disease. 
Bruns' syndrome (broonz) [Ludwig Bruns, 
neurologist in Hanover, born 1858]. See under 
syndrome. 
brush (brush). A tuft of flexible materials fast- 
ened to a handle: varieties used in medical practice 
are the acid brush, made of glass; the electric 
brush, a form of electrode; also, laryngeal, nasal, 
pharyngeal, stomach, and other brushes, end- 
b., a tuft or brush-like arrangement that some- 
times forms the termination of a process from 
a nerve-cell, faradic b., a brush-like wire elec- 
trode used in applying electricity to the body. 
Haidinger's b., a brush-like image seen on 
looking toward a source of polarized light. 
Kruse's b., a brush made of fine platinum wires 
for spreading bacterial material over the surface 
of a culture-medium, stomach-b., a brush used 
to cleanse and stimulate the stomach. 
Bryant's ampulla, line, triangle (bri'ants) 
[Thomas Bryant, English surgeon, 1828-1914]. 
See ampulla, line, and triangle. 
Bryce's test (bris-ez) [James Bryce, Scotch phys- 
ician of the nineteenth century]. See under tests. 
bryocyte, bryocytole (bri'o-sit, bri-o-si'tol) [Gr. 
Spvetv to proliferate + kotos cell]. The living 
parasite which causes proliferation of cells. 
bryocytic (bri-o-sit'ik). Marked by cell-prolifera- 
tion. 
Bryonia (bri-o'ne-ah) [L.; Gr. ^pvwvla]. 1. A 
genus of cucurbitaceous plants called bryony. 
2. The root of B. al'ba and B. dioi'ca. It is an 
active and acrid hydragogue cathartic, and is 
given in pneumonia, pleurisy, rheumatic fever, 
and colds. Its use is largely homeopathic. Dose 
of the powdered root, 20-60 gr. (1.3-3.7 gm.); 
of the tincture, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of the 
fluidextract, 10-60 min. (0.6-4 c.c.). 
bryonin (bri'on-in). A bitter poisonous glucosid, 
C18H80Oi9, from bryonia. It is a drastic, hydra- 
gogue purgative and has vesicating properties. 
Dose, |-2 gr. (0.011-0.133 gm.). 
Bryson's sign (bri'sonz) [Alexander Bryson, Eng- 
lish physician, 1802-1860]. See under sign. 
B. S. Abbreviation for Bachelor of Surgery and 
Bachelor of Science. 
B. T. U. Abbreviation for British thermal unit. See 
under unit. 
B. U. Abbreviation for base of prism up. 
bu'ba brazilien'sis. See espundia. 
bubble, amphoric (bub'l). A sound like the 
noise of a liquid poured from a bottle: a sign of 
hydropneumothorax. 
bubo (bu'bo) [L., from Gr. /dov/duo groin]. The 
inflammatory swelling of a lymphatic gland, par- 
ticularly in the axilla or groin. Buboes are due to 
absorption of infective material, and are seen 
after gonorrhea or syphilis, bullet-b., the char- 
acteristic hard bubo of primary syphilis, chan- 
croidal b., virulent b., a suppurating form ac- 
companying or following chancroid, climatic 
b., a form of adenitis occurring in tropical countries 
and not due to venereal causes, gonorrheal 
b., a bubo following or accompanying gonorrhea, 
indolent b., one which is hard and nearly pain- 
less, and shows little tendency to suppurate. BUBON D'EMBLEE 
194 
BULB 
malignant b., the bubo of bubonic _ plague, 
parotid b. See parotitis, pestilential b., 
that which is associated with Oriental plague, 
primary b. Same as bubon d'emblee. sympa- 
thetic b., one due to friction or injury, syph- 
ilitic b., an indolent bubo following a true or 
hard chancre, venereal b., one due to venereal 
disease. 
bubon d'emblfie (bu-baw"dah-bla') [Fr.]. A bubo 
which is due to venereal exposure, but is not 
preceded by any visible lesion. 
bubonalgia (bu-bo-nal'je-ah) [Gr. /dov/dwv groin + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the groin. 
bubonic (bu-bon'ik) [L. bubon'icus]. Character- 
ized by or pertaining to buboes. 
bubonocele (bu-bon'o-sel) [Gr. /dov/dwv groin + 
KrfXn tumor]. Incomplete inguinal hernia form- 
ing a swelling in the groin. 
bucardia (bu-kar'de-ah) [Gr. (does ox + naphta 
heart]. Cor bovinum. 
bucca (buk'ah) [L.]. The cheek. 
buccal (buk'al) [L. bucca'lis, from buc'ca cheek]. 
Pertaining to the cheek. The buccal surface of a 
tooth is the surface next to the cheek. 
buccally (buk'al-e). Toward the cheek. 
buccellation (buk-sel-a'shun) [L. buccella'tio, from 
buccel'la morsel]. The arrest of hemorrhage by 
a pad of lint. 
buccilingual (buk-se-ling'wal) [L. buc'ca cheek 
+ lingua tongue]. Pertaining to the cheeks and 
tongue. 
buccinator (buk'sin-a-tor) [L. " trumpeter "]. The 
flat muscle of the cheek. 
buccocervical (buk-o-ser'vik-al). Pertaining to 
the neck and the buccal surface of a tooth. 
buccolabial (buk-o-la'be-al). Pertaining to the 
cheek and lip. 
buccolingual (buk-o-ling'wal). Pertaining to the 
cheek and the tongue. 
buccolingually (buk-o-ling'wal-e). From the 
cheek toward the tongue. 
buccopharyngeal (buk-o-far-in'je-al). Pertain- 
ing to the mouth and pharynx. 
buccoversion (buk-o-ver'zhun). The position of 
a tooth when it lies buccally to the line of oc- 
clusion. 
buccula (buk'u-lah) [LJ. The fleshy or fatty fold 
known as double chin. * 
Buchner's alexin, theory, tuberculin, etc. 
(book'nerz) [Hans Buchner, German bacteriologist, 
bom 1850]. See under alexin, theory, ttiberculin, etc. 
buchu (bu'ku). The name of various species of 
Baros'ma. The leaves of Baros'ma betuli'na, 
B. crenula'ta, and B. serratifo'lia are diuretics and 
gastric tonics, and are used in chronic urinary 
inflammations, such as cystitis, urethritis, and 
pyelitis. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 20-30 min. (1.25-2 c.c.); of tincture, 1-2 
fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.); of infusion, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). 
Buck's extension, fascia, operation (buks) 
[Gurdon Buck, American surgeon, 1807-1877]. See 
under extension, fascia, and operation. 
buck-bean (buk-ben'). The plant, Menyan'thes tri- 
folia'ta: stomachic, tonic, and emmenagogue. 
Dose of powdered root, 20-30 gr. (1.333-2 gm.); 
of fluidextract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
bucked-shin (bukd'shin). Periostitis of the meta- 
carpal bones in young horses. 
buckeye (buk'i). A popular designation for Ais'cu- 
ius gla'bra, and of other trees and shrubs of the 
same genus: tonic and astringent. Dose of fluid- 
extract of the bark, 3-5 min. (0.1-0.333 c.c.). 
buckhorn (buk'horn). The royal (or so-called 
flowering) fern, Osmun'da rega'lis: a popular 
remedy for rickets. 
buckthorn (buk'thorn). See frangula and Rham- 
nus. California b. See cascara sagrada. 
bucnemia (buk-ne'me-ah) [L., from Gr. (dovs ox + 
Kwqp-q leg]. A diSuse, tense, and inflammatory 
swelling of the leg. 
Budd's cirrhosis, jaundice (budz) [William 
Budd, English physician, 1811-1880]. See under 
cirrhosis and jaundice. 
buddeized milk (boo'de-izd) [E. Budde, Danish 
sanitary engineer]. See under milk. 
budding (bud'ing). Gemmation; a form of asexual 
reproduction in which the body divides into two 
unequal parts, the larger part being considered 
the parent and the smaller one the bud. 
Budge's center (bood'gez) [Julius Ludwig Budge, 
German physiologist, 1811-1888]. 1. The cilio- 
spinal center. 2. The genital center. 
Buerger's disease, staining method (ber'- 
gerz) [Leo Buerger, physician in New York, born 
1879]. See disease and stains, table of. 
bufagin (bu'fag-in). A digitalis-like substance 
contained in the parotid glands of the toad, Bufo 
agua. 
Biiffelseuche (bef'el-zoi-she) [Ger.]. Pasteurellosis 
of the buffalo. 
buffer (buf'er). Any substance in a fluid which 
tends to lessen the change in hydrogen-ion con- 
centration (reaction), which otherwise would be 
produced by adding acids or alkalis, b. salt. 
See under salt. b. solution. See under solution. 
b. value. See under value. 
buffy coat (buf'e). See coat. 
bufidin (bu'fid-in). A reputed poison obtainable 
from certain toads. 
bufonin (bu'fo-nin) [L. bu'fo toad], A poisonous 
principle contained in the secretion of the skin 
of toads and lizards. 
bufotalin (bu-fo-ta'lin). Same as bufonin. 
bufotein (bu-fo-te'in). A toxin found with bufonin 
in the secretion of the skin of toads and lizards. 
bug (bug). An insect of the order Hemiptera. bed- 
b. See Cimex. Cone-nose b. See Lamus. 
kissing b. See Malanolestes. Malay b. See 
Lamus. miana b. See Ar gas. pito b. See 
Pysodius. red b. See Leptus. 
buggery (bug'er-e). Sodomy; sexual intercourse 
through the anus. 
buhach (bu'hatsh). Pyrethrum. 
Buhl's disease (bulz) [Ludwig von Buhl, German 
pathologist, 1816-1880]. See disease. 
Buist's method (bewsts) [Robert C. Buist, Scotch 
obstetrician, born i860]. See artificial respiration, 
under respiration. 
Bulam (bu'lam) [an island of West Africa]. Same 
as Bulama fever. See fever. 
bulamize (bu'lam-iz). To infect with Bulama fever. 
Bulau's treatment (be'loughz) [Gotthard Bulau, 
physician in Hamburg, 1835-1900]. See under 
treatment. 
bulb (bulb) [L. bul'bus; Gr. poX^bs}. 1. A rounded 
mass, organ, or part. 2. A rounded subterranean 
stem or leaf-bud of a plant. 3. The medulla oblon- 
gata. b. of the aorta, the enlargement of the 
aorta at its point of origin from the heart, audi- 
tory b., the membranous labyrinth and cochlea, 
b. of the corpus cavernosum, the enlarged 
muscular and proximal part of the cavernous body, 
dental b., enlargement forming at the bottom 
of the dental follicle in tooth development, du- 
odenal b. See pilleus ventriculi, end-b., 
any one of the terminal spheroid or ovoid bodies 
found in the more sensitive parts of the mucous 
membrane at the ends of branches of nerves of sen- 
sation. Called also end-bud. gustatory b. See 
taste-bulb, hair-b., the bulbous expansion at 
the proximal end of a hair. b. of jugular vein, 
the dilatation at the end of the external jugular 
vein, b's of Krause, ovoid glands penetrated 
by one or more nerve-fibers in the conjunctiva, 
about the mouth, the glans penis, and clitoris, 
olfactory b., the bulb-like expansion of the olfactory nerve on the under surface of each ante- 
rior lobe of the cerebrum, b. of ovary, a plexus 
of veins and arteries of the ovary. Rouget's b., 
the bulb of the ovary, taste-b., end-organs 
of the gustatory nerve in the papillae of the tongue, 
b. of the urethra, the enlarged proximal part 
of the corpus spongiosum, b. of the vesti- 
bule. See bulbus vestibuli. vestibulovaginal 
b., a leech-shaped organ beneath the mucous 
membrane on each side of the vestibule and en- 
trance of the vagina. Together these constitute 
the equivalent of the bulb of the urethra in the male, 
bulbar (bul'bar). i. Pertaining to a bulb. 2. 
Pertaining to the oblongata. 
bulbiform (bul'bif-orm). Bulb shaped. 
bulbitis (bul-bi'tis). Inflammation of the bulbous 
portion of the urethra. 
bulbocavernosus (bul"bo-kav-er-no'sus) [LJ. 
The accelerator urinae muscle. 
bulbonuclear (bul-bo-nu'kle-ar). Pertaining to 
the medulla oblongata and its nerve nuclei. 
bulbosin (bul-bo'sin). A principle, said to be 
poisonous, from Agar'icus bulbo'sus. 
bulbo-urethral (burbo-u-re'thral). Pertaining to 
the bulb of the urethra. 
bulbous (bul'bus). Having the form or nature of 
a bulb; bearing or arising from a bulb. 
bulbus (bul'bus) [L.]. A bulb. b. aor'tae, bulb of 
the aorta, b. arterio'sus, the foremost of the 
three parts of the primitive cardiac vessel of the 
embryo. Called also b. cor'dis. b. cor'dis. Same 
as b. arterio'sus. b. den'tis, the tooth-pulp. b. 
oc'uli, the eyeball, b. olfacto'rius, olfactory 
bulb. b. pi'li, a hair-bulb. b. urethrae, the 
bulb of the urethra, b. ve'nae jugula'ris, bulb 
of the jugular vein. b. vestibuli, the bulbo- 
vaginal gland. 
bulesis (bu-le'sis) [Gr. (douAi/ais]. The will or an 
act of the will. 
bulimia (bu-lim'e-ah) [L.; Gr. ^ovs ox + Xcgibs 
hunger]. Abnormal increase in the sensation of 
hunger; hyperorexia. The condition is to be dis- 
tinguished from polyphagia in that patients with 
the former condition are often satisfied if they eat 
small meals, while patients with the latter are only 
satisfied with large amounts of food. 
bulimic, bulimiac (bu-lim'ik, bu-lim'e-ak) [Gr. 
PovXi/jda]. Affected with bulimia. 
Bull. Abbreviation for L. bul'liat, let it boil. 
Bull and Pritchett's antitoxin or serum 
[Carroll Gideon Bull, New York physician, born 
1883; Ida W. Pritchett of Rockefeller Institute]. 
See under serum. 
bulla (bul'ah), pl. bul'la [L.]. A large blister or 
cutaneous vesicle filled with watery fluid, b. 
ethmoidaTis, a rounded projection into the 
middle meatus of the nose, due to an enlarged 
ethmoid cell. b. os'sea, the dilated part of the 
bony external meatus of the ear. 
bullate (bul'at) [L. bulla'tus}. Inflated or blad- 
dery. 
bullation (bul-a'shun) [L. bulla'tio]. An inflated 
condition; a state of being marked with bullae. 
bullous (bul'us). Pertaining to or characterized 
by bullae. 
bulpiss (bool'pis). A contagious disease of Nica- 
ragua marked by the development of crops of itch- 
ing papules which leave black or white patches. 
bultos (bul'tos) [Sp. bulto, a tumor], A Peruvian 
term for abdominal tumors, generally due to en- 
largement of the viscera. 
bumblefoot (bum'bel-foot). Inflammation of the 
ball of the foot of fowls. 
Bumke's pupil (boom'kez) [Oswald Conrad Ed- 
ward Bumke, German neurologist, born 1877]. See 
pupil. 
bunch (buntsh). Traumatic swelling of a bone in 
horses. 
BULBAR 
195 
bundle (bundl). A fasciculus, filament, or band 
composed of nerve-fibers, aberrant b., a tract 
of nerve-fibers in the isthmus of the gyrus for- 
nicatus. anterior marginal b., the ventro- 
marginal descending cerebellar tract of the spinal 
cord. Arnold's b., the frontal tract of the 
crusta cerebri, atrioventricular b., auricu- 
loventricular b. Same as b. of His. a-v. b. 
See b. of His. Bruce's b., a bundle of descending 
spinospinal fibers in the cervical and thoracic re- 
gions of the cord lying contiguous to the gray 
matter at the junction of the dorsal horn and the 
commissure. Called also cornucommis sural bundle. 
Clarke's b., a bundle of nerve-fibers extending 
between Clarke's and Burdach's columns, cornu- 
commissural b. See Bruce's b. b. of Forel, 
a large bundle of fibers which arises from the 
nucleus ruber and its capsule, and runs upward, 
laterad, and dorsad to the ventral part of the 
thalamus, to the reticular layer, etc. Gierke's 
respiratory b., the solitary fasciculus. Gra- 
tiolet's b., a bundle of nerve-fibers passing 
from the optic thalamus to the optic center in 
the occipital lobe of the brain, ground-b., 
anterior, that portion of the lateral tract of 
the spinal cord which lies between Tiirck's column 
and the anterior root-fibers, ground-b., lateral, 
that part of the lateral column which is situated 
between the sides of the gray matter and the horns. 
Held's b. See tectospinal tract, under tract, b. 
of Helweg. Same as olivospinal tract. See tract. 
b. of His, a muscular band, containing nerve- 
fibers, connecting the auricles with the ventricles 
of the heart. It serves to convey stimuli from the 
auricle to the ventricle. Degeneration of this 
bundle produces heart-block. The bundle of His is 
made up of four portions: the auriculoventricular 
node; the main bundle; the septal divisions, right 
and left; the terminal division, which sometimes 
takes the form of small moderator bands. Called 
also atrioventricular b., auriculoventricular b., a-v. b., 
and Gaskill's bridge. Hoeve's b. See lemniscus 
temporalis et occipitalis. Keith's b., a bundle of 
fibers in the wall of the auricle of the heart, between 
the venae cavae. Called also sino-atrial b. Kent- 
His'b. Same as b. of His. Krause's b. Same 
as respiratory b. Lenhossek's b., the ascend- 
ing root of the pneumogastric and glossopharyn- 
geal nerves. Lowenthal's marginal b., the 
anterolateral descending tract, main b., the por- 
tion of the bundle of His between, the auriculo- 
ventricular node and the septal divisions. See b. 
of His. Marchi's b., a bundle of fibers on the 
anterior white column of the spinal cord from the 
cerebellum to the anterior gray column, mar- 
ginal b. i. The white matter at the tip of the 
dorsal cornu of the spinal cord. 2. See Lowenthal's 
marginal b. Meynert's b. See Meynert's 
fasciculus, under fasciculus. Monakow'sb. See 
prepyramidal tract, under tract, muscle-b., a 
fascicle of muscle-fibers inclosed in a sheath, 
oral b., a projection which marks the outer sur- 
face of the dorsal zone of the human embryo. 
Philippe Gombault's triangular b., a strand 
of intersegmental fibers in the dorsomesial angle 
of the column of the spinal cord in the sacral 
region, predorsal b. See tectospinal tract, un- 
der tract, respiratory b., the solitary fasciculus 
Schultze's b., the comma tract, sino-atrial 
b. See Keith's b. solitary b., the solitary fas- 
ciculus. See f asdculus. Spitzka S b., a bundle of 
nerve-fibers running from the cerebral cortex 
through the pyramidal region of the pes pedunculi 
to the oculomotor nuclei of the opposite side. b. Ot 
Stanley-Kent. Same as b. of His. Stilling s 
b., the solitary fasciculus of the oblongata, thal- 
amomammillary b., the bundle of Vicqd - 
Azyr. Thorel's b., a bundle of muscle-fibers 
in the heart connecting the sino-auricular and 
the auriculoventricular nodes, and passing around 
the mouth of the inferior vena cava. TurcK 3 
b., a bundle of nerve-fibers running from the 
cerebral cortex through the outer part of the 
BUNDLE BUNGE'S LAW 
196 
BUSACCA'S GELATIN TEST 
crusta of the cerebral peduncle and the bone into 
the internal geniculate body. b. of Vicq d'- 
Azyr, a bundle of white fibers around the base 
of the anterior nucleus of the optic thalamus. 
Weissmann's b., the bundle of striped muscular 
fibers of a neuromuscular spindle. 
Bunge's law, theory (boong'ez) [Gustav von 
Bunge, physiologist at Basel, 1844-1920]. See 
under law and theory. 
bungpagga (bung-pag'ah). An epidemic disease 
of West Africa characterized by fever and the de- 
velopment of suppurating tumors in the muscles. 
It is probably caused by a yeast fungus. 
bunion (bun'yon) [L. bu'nio; Gr. (3owlov turnip]. 
A swelling of the bursa mucosa of the ball of the 
great toe, with thickening of the overlying skin 
and forcing of the toe inward. 
bunodont (bu'no-dont) [Gr. 0owos mound + 
bbovs tooth]. Having rounded cusps on the molar 
teeth. 
Bunsen burner, coefficient, etc. (bun'sen) 
[Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen, German 
chemist. 1811-1899]. See burner, coefficient, etc. 
Buphane (bu-fa'ne). A genus of South African 
plants containing a poisonous alkaloid. 
buphthalmia (buf-thal'me-ah). Buphthalmos. 
buphthalmos, buphthalmus (buf-thal'mos, 
-mus) [Gr. flovs ox -f- btpOaXpbs eye]. The first 
stage of hydrophthalmos; keratoglobus, or enlarge- 
ment of the eye. 
bur. See burr. 
Burdach's columns, etc. (boor'daks) [Karl Fried- 
rich Burdach. German physiologist, 1776-1847]. 
See under column, etc. 
burdock (bu/dok). The plant, Arctium lap'pa. 
The root {Lappa, U. S. P.) is aperient, diuretic, 
and diaphoretic. Dose of tincture of the root 
or seed, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.); of fluidextract, 10-60 
min. (0.666-3.7 c.c.). 
buret, burette (bu-ret') [Fr.]. A graduated glass 
used in volumetric chemistry. 
Burghart's symptom (boorg'hartz) [Hans Gerny 
Burghart, German physician, born 1862]. See 
symptom. 
burn (burn). A lesion caused by the contact of 
heat, brush-b., a wound caused by violent 
rubbing or friction, as by a rope pulled through 
the hands. 
Burnam's test (bur'namz) [Curtis F. Burnam, 
physician in Baltimore]. See under test. 
burner (burn'er). The part of a lamp from which 
the flame issues. Argand b., a burner for oil or 
gas, with an inner tube for supplying air to the 
flame. Bunsen b., a gas-burner in which the 
gas is mixed before ignition with air, in order to 
give complete oxidation. 
Burnett'.s solution (bur'netz) [Sir W Burnett, 
English surgeon, 1779-1861]. See under solution. 
Burns' amaurosis (burnz) [John Burns, Scotch 
physician, 1774-1850]. See under amaurosis. 
Burns' ligament, space [Allan Bums, Scotch 
anatomist, 1781-1813]. See under ligament and 
space. 
Burow's operation, solution, vein, etc. (boor'- 
ooz) [Karl August von Burow, surgeon in Konigs- 
berg, 1809-1874]. See operation, solution, vein, etc. 
burquism (burk'izm) [Burq, a French neurologist]. 
A system of metallotherapy. 
burr (bur). A dental tool with teeth or blades for 
excavating cavities. Burrs are usually operated 
by a dental engine, b.-drill, a dental tool of 
many varieties, used in making and clearing out 
cavities. 
burra gukeru (bur'ah goo-ker-oo') [East Indian]. 
The fruit of Trib'ulus lanugino'sus, an Asiatic 
plant: diuretic and aphrodisiac; used in sper- 
matorrhea, etc. Dose of fluidextract, 20-60 min. 
(1.23-3.7 c.c.). 
Burri's stain (boor'ez) [Robert Burri, Swiss bac- 
teriologist]. See stains, table of. 
burrow (bur'o). 1. An abnormal sinus or fistula, 
usually more or less tortuous, and containing 
pus. 2. The passage made in the tissues by cer- 
tain parasitic insect-larva;. 
bursa (bur'sah), pl. bur'see [L.; Gr. ^vpaa]. A sac 
or pouch within the body, often fined with a 
membrane. The number of bursae is very great; 
more than a thousand have been described, but 
the smaller ones are irregular, and many of them 
are often, or even usually, absent, adventitious 
b., an abnormal cyst due to friction or some 
other mechanical cause, and containing synovial 
fluid, b. anseri'na, a bursa under the insertion 
of the sartorius and gracilis muscles. Boyer's b., 
one situated beneath the hyoid bone. Brodie's 
b., a bursa underneath the gastrocnemius medialis 
muscle. Calori'sb., a bursa situated between the 
trachea and the arch of the aorta, b. copula'- 
trix, an appendage at the posterior end of the 
male of certain nematodes. Duprg's b., bur- 
sitis in the shoulder-joint. Fleischmann's 
b., the sublingual bursa, gluteal b., any one of 
the three bursae beneath the gluteus maximus 
muscle. His' b., the dilatation at the end of the 
archenteron. iliac b., a bursa at the point of in- 
sertion of the iliopsoas muscle into the lesser tro- 
chanter. Luschka's b. Same as b. pharyngea. 
Monro's b., the intratendinous bursa of the 
olecranon, b. mucosa [BNA], any one of a 
number of large, simple, or irregular cavities in the 
subcutaneous areolar tissue, inclosing a clear, viscid 
fluid, as in front of the patella, over the olecranon, 
over the malleoli, etc. obturatory b., a bursa 
underlying the tendon of the obturator internus. 
omental b., b. omenta'lis [BNA], a cavity 
formed by peritoneum in the great omentum, 
b. pharyn gea, a recess in the pharynx of a 
fetus and of a young infant, plantar b., a 
bursa over the instep, popliteal b., a bursa 
in the popliteal space beneath the tendon of the 
semimembranosus and that of the inner head of 
the gastrocnemius, prepatellar b., one in front 
of the patella, riders' b., an enlarged bursa 
caused by horseback exercise, subclavian b., 
an inconstant bursa between the fibers of the 
rhomboid ligament, b. syno'vialis, any one of 
a large number of spaces filled with synovial fluid, 
and interposed between muscles or tendons as they 
play over bony surfaces. 
bursal (bur'sal) [L. bursa Ws]. Of, or pertaining to, 
a bursa. 
bursalogy (bur-sal'o-je) [Gr. ^vpcra pouch + \byos 
word]. The sum of knowledge regarding the 
burs®. 
Bursata (bur-sa'tah). A division of Nematoda 
comprising forms which have a bursa copulatrix. 
bursatti (bur-sat'e). See leeches. 
bursautee (bur-sawt'e). See leeches. 
bursin (bur'sin). An alkaloid from Capsel'la bursa- 
pasto'ris: used like ergot as an astringent, styptic, 
and tonic. 
bursitis (bur-si'tis). Inflammation of a bursa. 
Duplay's b., subacromial or subdeltoid bursitis, 
omental b., seropurulent inflammation of the 
omental bursa, retrocalcaneal b. Same as 
achillodynia. Thornwaldt's b., inflammation 
of Luschka's tonsil, attended with the formation 
of a cyst in it containing pus, and with naso- 
pharyngeaUstenosis. 
bursopathy (bur-sop'ath-e) [bursa + Gr. -iraOos 
disease]. Any disease of a bursa, luetic b., bur- 
sitis due to syphilis. 
bursula (bur'su-lah). A small bag or pouch, b. 
tes'tium, the scrotum. 
Burton's line (bur'tunz) [Henry Burton, British 
physician of nineteenth century]. See under line. 
Busacca's gelatin test (bus-ah'kaz) [Attilio 
Busacca}. See under test. BUSQUET'S DISEASE 
197 
BYTHIUM 
Busquet's disease (boos-kaz') [contemporary 
French physician]. See under disease. 
But. Abbreviation for L. buty'rum, butter. 
butalanin (bu-tal'an-in). An amino-acid, alpha- 
amino-valerianic acid, CH3(CH2)2CHNH2CO2H, 
produced by the hydrolysis or digestion of proteins. 
butane (bu'tan). An anesthetic hydrocarbon, 
C4H10, from petroleum. It is the fourth member of 
the paraffin series. Normal b., CHsCCIL^CHs. 
Butea (bu'te-ah) [for John Stuart, Earl oiBute, 1713- 
1792]. A genus of tropical leguminous trees. B. 
frondo'sa, a tree of South Asia, is one of the spe- 
cies that afford kino. 
butter (but'er) [L. buty'rum; Gr. flovrvpov]. The 
oily mass procured by churning cream, b. of 
antimony, a concentrated acid solution, SbCl3, 
of antimony trichlorid: used as a caustic applica- 
tion to tumors or ulcers. b. of cacao [L. o'leum 
theobro'matis], a fixed oil from the seeds of the 
chocolate plant, Theobro'ma caca'o: used in mak- 
ing suppositories, etc. b. of tin, stannic chlorid. 
b. of zinc, zinc chlorid, ZnCb: disinfectant, 
b. test. See under test. 
butterfly (but'er-fli). 1. A mass of absorbent 
cotton with wing-shaped appendages: used mainly 
in uterine surgery. 2. A form of doubly wing- 
shaped skin-flaps. 
butterine (but'er-en). An artificial substitute for 
butter, prepared mainly from beef-fat. 
butternut (but'er-nut). See Ju flans. 
buttock (but'dk). The gluteal prominence, or 
breech, or either lateral half of the same. 
button, Aleppo (but'n), furunculus orientalis. 
Bagdad b., Biskra b. See furunculus orientalis. 
Boari b., a device analogous to the Murphy but- 
ton for ureterocystostomy. Chlumsky's b., 
a button for intestinal suture made of pure 
magnesium on the pattern of the Murphy 
button. Cretan b. See Caneotica. Jaboulay 
b., a device for lateral intestinal anastomosis, 
consisting of two button-like cylinders of metal 
which fit together on the screw and keyring principle 
through a small intestinal opening and without the 
aid of sutures. Lardennois' b., a modified form 
of Murphy button for intestinal anastomosis. 
Murphy b., a device for joining the ends of a di- 
vided intestine, consisting of two button-like plates 
of metal, each fitted with a collar having a hollow 
stem fastened to the center, one stem being smaller 
than the other, so as to fit into it. Each end of 
the cut intestine is passed over one of the buttons, 
and fastened around the collar by a suture; the 
smaller stem is inserted into the larger and the 
halves pressed together. Muzzy's b., a tender 
point at the junction of the parasternal line with 
the line of the tenth costal cartilage, suggested as 
indicating inflammation of the diaphragmatic 
pleura. Villard's b., a modified form of Murphy 
button. 
button-scurvy. See scurvy. 
buttonhole (but'n-hol). A small straight incision 
into a cavity or organ, mitral b., an advanced 
state of stenosis of the mitral orifice of the heart. 
buttress foot (but'res). See under foot. 
butyl (bu'til). A hydrocarbon radical, C4H9 or 
CH3.CH2.CH2.CH2 . b. hydrid, a hydrocarbon, 
C4H10, from petroleum: its vapor is an unsafe 
anesthetic. 
butylamin (bu-til-am'in). A ptomain, C4H11N = 
CH3.CH2.CH2.CH2.NH2, from cod-liver oil: diuretic 
sudorific, and probably poisonous. 
butylcarbonic acid (bu"til-kar-bon'ik). Same as 
valerianic acid. See acid. 
butylchloral hydrate (bu-til-klo'ral hi'drat). 
A compound, CHs.CHCl.CCh.CHfOHjo, resem- 
bling chloral hydrate, and sometimes prescribed 
for neuralgia. Dose, 2-15 gr. (0.133-1 gm.). 
butylene (bu'til-en). A gaseous hydrocarbon, 
C4H8, in three isomeric forms. 
butylethylmalonyl urea (bu"til-eth"il-mal"o- 
nil u-re'ah). See butylethyl barbituric acid, under 
acid. 
butylhypnal (bu-til-hip'nal). A combination of 
antipyrin and butylchloral, in colorless needles: 
hypnotic. 
butylmercaptan (bu-til-mer-kap'tan). A thio- 
alcohol, C4H9SH; the active principle of the 
odoriferous gland of the skunk. 
butyn (bu'tin). A proprietary local anesthetic for 
surface anesthesia in the eye and on mucous mem- 
branes. It is para-amino benzoyl gamma dinormal 
butyl amino propanol sulphate, [NH2.C6H4.CO2- 
(CH2)3.N.(C4H9.)2]2H2SO4. 
butyraceous (bu-tir-a'she-us). Of a buttery con- 
sistence. 
butyrase (bu'ti-ras). Same as butyrinase. 
butyrate (bu'ti-rat). A salt of butyric acid. 
butyric (bu-tir'ik). Derived from butter, b. 
acid. See under acid. 
butyrin (bu'tir-in). A glycerid existing in butter, 
C3H5(C4H7O2)3: a liquid fat with an acrid, bitter 
taste. 
butyrinase (bu'tir-in-as). An enzyme of the blood- 
serum having the power of hydrolyzing butyrin. 
butyroid (bu'tir-oid) [Gr. ^ovrvpov butter + elbos 
form]. Buttery; having buttery contents. 
butyromel (bu-ti/o-mel). Fresh, unsalted butter, 
2 parts, and honey, 1 part: a substitute for cod- 
liver oil. 
butyrometer (bu-tir-om'et-er) [Gr. floorvpov butter 
+ perpov measure]. An apparatus for estimating 
the proportion of butter in milk. 
butyrone (bu'tir-on). A colorless liquid, C7H14O, 
or dipropyl ketone, distilled from calcium bu- 
tyrate. 
butyroscope (bu-ti'ro-skop) [Gr. flovrvpov butter -f- 
aKoireiv to examine]. An instrument estimating the 
proportion of butter-fat in milk. 
butyrous (bu'tir-us). Like butter; having a butter- 
like appearance. 
buxin (buks'in). An alkaloid, C18H2INO2, from 
the bark of the box, Bux'us semper'virens; the 
same in composition as bebeerin: tonic and febri- 
fuge. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
buyo (boo'yo). The Philippine Island name for 
betel. See betel, b. cancer. See cancer. 
Buzzard's maneuver or reflex (buz'ardz) [Thomas 
Buzzard, London physician, 1831-1919]. See under 
reflex. 
B. V. Abbreviation for L. bal'neum vapo'ris, vapor 
bath. 
bynin (bi'hin). A trade-name for liquid malt. 
bynogen (bi'no-jen). A proprietary casein-glycero- 
phosphate-dextrin-maltose preparation. 
bynol (bi'nol). A proprietary combination of 
malt extract and cod-liver oil. 
by-product (bi-prod'ukt). A secondary product 
obtained during the manufacture of a primary 
product. 
byrolin (bi'ro-lin). A preparation of boric acid, 
glycerin, and lanolin: employed in skin dis- 
eases. 
byssinosis (bis-in-o'sis) [Gr. flvaaos cotton, lint]. 
A disease of the lungs due to the inhalation of 
cotton-dust in factories. 
byssocausis (bis-o-kaw'sis) [Gr. flvaaos cotton -f- 
KavaLS burning]. Moxibustion, or cauterization 
by the moxa. 
byssophthisis (bis-o-tis'is) [Gr. flvaaos cotton 
+ cpdlaLS consumption]. Phthisis due to the in- 
halation of the dust of cotton-mills. 
byssus (bis'us) [L.; Gr. flvaaos]. Lint, charpie, or 
cotton. 
bythium (bith'e-um). A supposed chemic ele- 
ment said to have been discovered in sulphur in 
1897. c. 
198 
CACTUS 
c 
C. 1. The chemic symbol for carbon. 2. An ab- 
breviation for centigrade, congius (gallon), closure, 
contraction, cathode, color-sense, cylinder, cervical, 
and clonus. 
C. Abbreviation for contact. 
c'. Symbol for coefficient of partage. 
Ca. Symbol for calcium. 
caballine aloes (kab'al-in). See aloes. 
cabbage, skunk- (kab'ij). A fetid, araceous 
plant of North America, Symplocar'pus fa/tidus: 
stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose of fluidex- 
tract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
cabinet, Sauerbruch's (kab'in-et). A cabinet 
within which the air-pressure can be increased or 
diminished. It is used in operations on the chest, 
the patient's head being outside the cabinet, and 
his body and the surgeon within it. 
Cabot's ring-bodies (kab'ots) [Richard C. Cabot, 
Boston physician, born 1868]. See body. 
CaC2. Calcium carbid. 
cacsesthenic. See cacesthenic. 
cacsesthesia. See cacesthesia. 
cacao (kah-ka'o). The seeds of Theobro'ma caca'o: 
they afford cocoa, chocolate, and cacao-butter, 
c.-butter. See butler of cacao. 
cacatory (kak'at-o-re). Marked by severe diar- 
rhea. 
CaCC. Abbreviation for cathodal closure contrac- 
tion. 
cacesthenic, cacsesthenic (kah-es-then'ik). See 
cacesthesia. Having defective sense organs. 
cacesthesia, cacsesthesia (kak-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
kokos bad + aVrfhpns sensation]. Any morbid 
sensation or any disorder of sensibility. 
cache (kash-e') [Fr.]. An apparatus for making 
applications of radium, consisting of a cone of lead 
covered with paper and having a mica-covered 
window at the bottom. 
cachectic (kak-ek'tik). Characterized by cachexia, 
cachet (kah-sha') [Fr.]. A lenticular capsule for 
inclosing a dose of unpleasant medicine. 
cachexia (kak-eks'e-ah) [Gr. kokos ill 4- e£is habit]. 
A profound and marked state of constitutional 
disorder; general ill health and malnutrition. 
African c., negro c., chthonophagia, or geopha- 
gia; earth-eating, c. aquo'sa, Griesinger's dis- 
ease. See disease, cancerous c., the weak, 
emaciated condition seen in cases of. malignant 
tumor, c. exophthal'mica. Same as goiter, 
exophthalmic. Grawitz's C., a condition re- 
sembling pernicious anemia, but without degenera- 
tion of the red blood-corpuscles, seen in old persons, 
c. hypophyseopri'va, the train of symptoms 
resulting from total removal of the pituitary body, 
consisting of tumor, fibrillary twitchings, opis- 
thotonos, bradycardia, hypothermia, apathy, and 
coma, lymphatic c. See pseudoleukemia, ma- 
larial C., chronic malaria, c. mercuria'lis, 
chronic mercurial poisoning, pachyder'mic c. 
See myxedema, saturnine C., the condition seen 
in chronic lead-poisoning, c. splen'ica, splenic 
C., enlargement of the spleen with progressive 
anemia, c. strumipri'va, myxedema caused 
by removal of the thyroid, strumous c., 
scrofula, c. thyreoidectom'ica c., thyreo- 
pri'va. Same as c. strufnipriva. thyroid 
C., exophthalmic goiter, tropical C., a gen- 
eral condition of ill health affecting residents 
in the tropics, frequently associated with disease 
of the liver or spleen. urinary c., the ca- 
chectic condition seen in chronic suppurative 
disease of the kidney. It is marked by dys- 
pepsia, loss of appetite, flatulence, tympanites, 
diarrhea, weakness, and mental depression, ver- 
minous c., the condition of anemia and debility 
which accompanies infection with worms, espe- 
cially ankylostoma. 
cachexy (kak-eks'e). See cachexia. 
cachinnation (kak-in-a'shun) [L. cachinna're to 
laugh aloud]. Excessive, hysteric laughter. 
CaCl2. Calcium chlorid. 
Ca(ClOs)2. Calcium chlorate. 
CaCO3. Calcium carbonate. 
CaC2O4. Calcium oxalate. 
cacodol (kak'o-dol). An arsenic compound used 
as a tonic in phthisis. 
cacodyl (kak'o-dil) [Gr. kukos bad 4- 6£eiv to smell 
+ vXr) matter]. Dimethylarsin; a colorless liquid, 
(CHs^As-As(CHs)2, with an offensive odor. It 
gives off a poisonous vapor and is inflammable 
when exposed to air. c. cyanid, a white powder 
which, when exposed to the air, gives off an ex- 
tremely poisonous vapor. 
cacodylate (kak-od'il-at). A salt of cacodylic 
acid. The cacodylates are used in skin diseases, 
tuberculosis, malaria, and other conditions where 
arsenic is indicated. 
cacodyliacol (kak-o-dil-i'ak-ol). Guaiacol caco- 
dylate, CH3.AsO2(C6H4.O.CHs): used in tubercu- 
losis. Dose, gr. (0.03-0.04 gm.). 
cacodylic acid (kak-o-dil'ik). See under acid. 
cacoethic (kak-o-e'thik) [Gr. kukos bad + ^Oos dis- 
position]. Ill-conditioned; malignant. 
cacogenesis (kak-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. kokos bad 4- 
development]. Abnormality in structure; 
monstrosity. 
cacogenic (kak-o-jen'ik). 1. Having a tendency 
toward race degeneracy. 2. Pertaining to caco- 
genesis. 
cacogenics (kak-o-jen'iks) [Gr. Kanos bad + -yev to 
produce]. Race deterioration from bad sexual 
selection - 
cacogeusia (kak-o-gu'se-ah) [Gr. xaxos bad + 
y ever is taste], A bad taste. 
cacolet (kak'o-la). A chair suspended from a pack- 
saddle for transporting the wounded. 
cacomelia (kak-o-me'le-ah) [Gr. kokos bad 4- jueXos 
limb]. Congenital deformity of a limb. 
cacomorphosis (kak"o-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. kokos bad 
4- pbpipr) form]. Malformation. 
cacoplastic (kak-o-plas'tik) [Gr. kokos bad 4- 
TrXaariKos forming]. Susceptible of only an im- 
perfect organization. 
cacorhythmic (kak-o-rith'mik) [Gr. xaxos bad 4- 
pvOpos rhythm]. Marked by irregularity of 
rhythm. 
cacosmia (kak-oz'me-ah) [Gr. kokos bad 4- oap-q 
smell]. A bad odor; stench. 
cacostomia (kak-o-sto'me-ah) [Gr. kokos bad, foul 
4- o-ropa mouth]. A foul or gangrenous state of 
the mouth. 
cacothenic (kak-o-then'ik). Pertaining to caco- 
thenics. 
cacothenics (kak-o-then'iks) [Gr. xax6s bad 4- 
O^vta state of being]. Race deterioration through 
bad environment and surroundings. 
cacotrophy (kak-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. kokos ill 4* rpo<p^ 
nourishment]. Malnutrition; impaired or disor- 
dered nourishment. 
cactin (kak'tin). 1. An active principle from Ce'- 
reus grandiflo'rus. 2. A red coloring-matter from 
Ce'reus specie'sus and other cacti. 
cactina (kak-ti'nah). A proprietary preparation 
of cacti of the genus Ce'reus. It is recommended 
as a substitute for digitalis in heart disease. 
Cactus (kak'tus) [Gr. kclktos a thorny plant]. 1. A 
genus of cactaceous plants. 2. Any cactaceous CACUMEN 
199 
CALAMINE 
plant or species. C. grandiflo'rus, the night- 
blooming cereus, preparations of which are spinal, 
cardiac, and vasomotor stimulants. Dose of 
tincture, 15-20 min. (1-1.333 c.c.); of fluidextract, 
5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). 
cacumen (kak-u'men), pl. cacu'mina [L.]. 1. The 
top or apex of an organ. 2. The top and upper- 
most branchlets of a plant. 3. A part of the 
superior vermiform process of the cerebellum. 
cacuminal (kak-u'min-al). Pertaining to the 
cacumen. 
cadaver (kad-av'er), pl. caddy1 era [LJ. The human 
body after death; a corpse. 
cadaveric (kad-ah-ver'ik). Of, or pertaining to, a 
cadaver. 
cadaverin (kad-av'er-in) [L. cadaver corpse]. A 
ptomain, pentamethylendiamin, NH2.CH2(CH2)3- 
CH2.NH2: a thick liquid having a foul smell. 
It is sometimes one of the products of the Finkler- 
Prior bacillus (Vib'rio pro'teus) and of the comma- 
bacillus. It is pathogenic, producing suppuration, 
cadaverous (kad-av'er-us). Resembling a corpse, 
cade oil (kad) [L. o'leum cadi'num}. A tarry oil, 
from Junip'erus oxyce'drus: used in various skin 
diseases. 
cadechol (kad'ek-ol). A mixture of camphor and 
desoxytholic acid. 
caderas (kad-e'ras). See mal de caderas. 
cadinene (kad-in'en). A terpene, Cl5H24, from 
the oils of cade, savin, cubebs, and camphor. 
cadmium (kad'me-um) [Gr. Kabila calamin]. A 
bivalent metal, not unlike tin in appearances and 
properties; symbol, Cd; atomic weight, 112.4: its 
salts are poisonous, c. bromid, a poisonous 
substance, CdBr2. C. iodid, a compound, Cdl2. 
Its ointment (unguen' turn cad'mii iod'idi) is used 
in glandular and skin diseases, c. oleate, a 
preparation used in various skin diseases, c. 
salicylate, a salt, (CeH^OH) CCh^Cd + H20, 
in fine, white, tabular crystals, or in an amorphous 
powder. It is antiseptic, and is used in treating 
purulent ophthalmia, c. sulphate, a salt, Cd- 
S0.4, weak solutions of which are used as astrin- 
gents in eye, ear, and urethral inflammations, 
c. sulphid, c. yellow, CdS, is employed in the 
arts as a pigment. 
caduceus (kad-u'se-us). The 
wand of Hermes or Mercury, 
the messenger of the gods: 
used as a symbol of the 
medical profession. 
caducous (kad-u'kus) [L. 
cad'ere to fall]. Falling off; 
deciduous. 
csecitas (ses'it-as). Latin for 
" blindness." 
csecum, caesium, and other 
words in ca-. See cecum, 
cesium, etc. 
cse'cus mi'nor ventric'uli. The cardiac part of 
the stomach. 
Caelius Aurelia'nus (se'le-us). A distinguished 
physician and medical writer, born at Sicca, 
Numidia, between 100 and 300 A. d. Two of his 
works in Latin are extant, "De Morbis Chron- 
icis" and "De Morbis Acutis." 
Caesarean. See cesarean. 
cafacetan (kaf-as'et-an). A proprietary prepara- 
tion containing cafiein and acetanilid: used as 
an antineuralgic. 
caffea (kaf'e-ah). Latin for " coffee." 
caffeic acid (kaf-e'ik). See acid. 
caffeidin (kaf-e'id-in). A crystalline alkaloid, 
C7H12N4O. produced by treating caffein with 
barium hydroxid. 
caffein (kaf'e-in) [L. caffei'na]. An alkaloid, 
C8H10N4O2, or trimethyl xanthin, occurring in long, 
silky needles, soluble in water and alcohol, and 
obtainable from coffee, tea, guarana, and mate. It 
is a nerve and heart stimulant, a diuretic, and a 
retarder of tissue waste. It is used in heart disease, 
dropsy, migrain, and opium-poisoning. Dose, 1-3 
gr. (0.06-0.2 gm.), c. borocitrate, a white, sol- 
uble powder: sedative and antiseptic, c. car- 
bolate, c. phenate, a sedative and antiseptic: 
used subcutaneously. C. chloral, a soluble crys- 
talline combination of caffein and chloral, C8H10N4- 
O2-CC13COH: analgesic and sedative. Dose, 
3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 gm.), c. citrate (more correctly 
called citrated caffein), a combination of caf- 
fein and citric acid, CsHioN^-CeHsO?. Dose, 1-3 
gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.), c. hydrobromid, a diuretjc: 
used subcutaneously, c. nitrate, a salt, in yel- 
lowish, needle-like crystals. C. phthalate, a 
sedative and antiseptic: used subcutaneously. C. 
sodiocinnamate, an antiseptic and sedative 
agent, resembling the corresponding benzoate. C. 
sodium benzoate, a white, crystalline, and 
crusty substance, sedative and antiseptic; often 
used subcutaneously. C. triiodid, a remedy, in 
dark-green prisms, (C8H10N4O2I2.HI)2 + 3H2O: 
used as an iodin substitute. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.13- 
0.26 gm.), c. valerianate, a compound used 
in whooping-cough and hysteric vomiting. 
caffe inism (kaf'e-in-izm). A morbid condition 
due to excess in the use of coffee. 
cafieone (kafe-6n). An aromatic principle from 
roasted coffee: said to have hypnotic properties. 
cagot (kag'b). A cretin of the Pyrenees. 
cahinca (kah-hing'kah). The root of Chiococ'ca 
racemo'sa and C. anguij'uga, rubiaceous plants of 
tropical America: purgative and diuretic. 
cahincin (kah-hin'sin). A bitter, crystallizable glu- 
cosid, C40H64O18, from cahinca. Dose, as a di- 
uretic and cathartic, 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 gm.); as 
an emetic, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
CaH2O2. Calcium hydroxid. 
cainotophobia (ki-no-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. ko.lvott)s 
novelty + <pb0os fear]. Morbid aversion from 
anything novel. 
caisson-disease (ka'son). See disease. 
Cajal (ka-hal'). See Ramon y Cajal. 
cajeput, cajuput (kaj'e-put, kaj'u-put). The 
Melaleu'ca leucaden'dron, a myrtaceous East Indian 
tree: its leaves afford a greenish, volatile oil (oil 
of cajeput): used for toothache, rheumatism, and 
various intestinal disorders. Dose, 2-10 min. 
(0.13-0.65 c.c.). spirit of c., a 2 per cent, al- 
coholic solution of oil of cajeput. Dose, £-1 fl.dr. 
(2-4 c.c.). 
cajeputene (kaj'ep-ut-en). A liquid hydrocar- 
bon, C10H16, obtainable from oil of cajeput: 
anthelmintic, anodyne, and antispasmodic. Dose, 
2-10 min. (0.123-0.666 c.c.). 
cajeputol (kaj'e-pu-tol). An eleopten from oil of. 
cajeput, C10H16.H2O: used like cajeputene. 
caked breast (kakt). See stagnation mastitis under 
mastitis. 
Cal. Abbreviation for large calorie. 
cal. Abbreviation for small calorie. 
Calabar bean (kal'ab-ar). Same as Physostigma. 
C. swellings. See swelling. 
calabar in (kal-ab'ar-in). An alkaloid from Cala- 
bar bean. c. sulphate, has been somewhat em- 
ployed in medicine: it is an active poison. Dose, 
gr. (0.001 gm.). 
calabazilla (kal"ab-ah-zel'yah) [Sp.]. A squash, 
CucuPbita peren'nis: its macerated root is used 
in California for hemorrhoids. 
calage (kah-lahzh') [Fr.]. Propping with pillows 
to immobilize the viscera and thus relieve sea- 
sickness. 
calamine (kal'am-in). The native zinc carbon- 
ate. prepared c., calamine calcined, washed, 
and pulverized: used in preparing the unguen'- 
tum calami' nee and as a dusting-powder. 
Caduceus. calamus (kal'a-mus) [L. for "reed"]. 1. The 
plant Ac'orus cal'amus and its aromatic rhizome. 
It is a carminative and stimulant tonic: its ex- 
tract, fluidextract, and tincture are used as medi- 
cines. Dose of fluidextract, 10-20 min. (0.6- 
1.25 c.c.); of tincture, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 2. A 
genus of ratan-palms. C. dra'co affords the 
best dragon's-blood of commerce, c. scripto'- 
rius, " writers' pen," a space at the lower part 
or floor of the fourth ventricle, between the res- 
tiform bodies. 
calaya (kal-a'yah). An extract prepared from the 
fruit of Annes'lia febrif'uga: antiperiodic. Dose, 
30 gr. (2 gm.). 
calcalith (kal'kal-ith). A proprietary uric-acid 
solvent consisting of calcium carbonate, lithium, 
and colchicin. 
calcaneo-astragaloid (kal-ka"ne-o-as-trag'al- 
oid). Pertaining to the calcaneum and astragalus. 
calcaneocavus (kal-ka"ne-o-ka'vus). Club-foot 
in which calcaneus is combined with cavus. 
calcaneocuboid (kal-ka"ne-o-ku'boid). Pertain- 
ing to the calcaneum and cuboid bone. 
calcaneofibular (kal-ka"ne-o-fib'u-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the calcaneum and the fibula. 
calcaneonavicular, calcaneoscaphoid (kal- 
ka"ne-o-nav-ik'u-lar, kal-ka"ne-o-ska'foid). Per- 
taining to the calcaneum and scaphoid bone. 
calcaneoplantar (kal-ka"ne-o-plan'tar). Pertain- 
ing to the calcaneum and the sole of the foot. 
calcaneotibial (kal-ka"ne-o-tib'e-al). Pertaining 
to the calcaneum and tibia. 
calcaneovalgocavus (kal-ka"ne-o-val"go-ka'- 
vus). Club-foot in which calcaneus, valgus, and 
cavus are combined. 
calcaneum (kal-ka'ne-um), pl. calca'nea [L.]. The 
heel-bone, or os calcis; the irregular quadrangu- 
lar bone at the back of the tarsus. 
calcaneus (kal-ka'ne-us) [L.]. 1. [BNA] Same as 
calcaneum. 2. Club-foot in which the heel only 
touches the ground. 
calcar (kal'kar) [L. for " spur "]. The hippocam- 
pus minor, c. a'vis, the hippocampus minor. 
C. femora'le, a vertical lamina of strong tissue 
in front of the lesser trochanter, serving to 
strengthen the neck of the femur, c. pe'dis, the 
heel. 
calcarea (kal-ka're-ah) [L.J. Lime; calcium oxid 
or hydroxid. c. carbon'ica, a homeopathic 
preparation made from the middle layer of the 
oyster shell: used in rickets, scrofula, acid dys- 
pepsia, etc. c. chlora'ta, chlorinated lime: a 
disinfectant and bleaching agent, c. fluor'ica, a 
homeopathic preparation of fluorspar, given in 
tumors of bone, varicose veins, and cataract, c. 
hy'drica, a solution of calcium hydroxid; liquor 
calcis, or lime-water, c. phosphor'ica, pre- 
cipitated calcium phosphate. C. US'ta, quick- 
lime or caustic lime; calcium oxid or unslaked lime. 
calcareous (kal-ka're-us) [L. calca'rius]. Pertain- 
ing to or containing lime or calcium; chalky. 
calcarine (kal'kar-in) [L. calcari'nus spur-shaped]. 
Spur shaped. 
calcariuria (kal-ka-re-u're-ah) [L. calca'rius con- 
taining lime + Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence of 
lime salts in the urine. 
calcemia (kal-se'me-ah) [calcium -f- Gr. aux® blood]. 
The presence of an abnormally large amount of 
calcium in the blood. 
calcic (kal'sik). Of, or pertaining to, lime or to 
calcium. 
calcicosis (kal-sik-o'sis) [L. calx lime]. Marble- 
cutters' phthisis; pneumonia due to the inhala- 
tion of marble-dust. 
calcidin (kal'sid-in). A combination of iodin and 
calcium: used in croup in doses of |-i gr. (0.022- 
0.065 gm.). 
calcific (kal-sif'ik). Forming lime. 
CALAMUS 
200 
CALCIUM 
calcification (kal"sif-ik-a'shun) [L. calx lime + 
fa'cere to make). The process by which organic 
tissue becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium 
salts within its substance, metastatic c., that 
which results from an excess of the lime-salts of 
the blood, such as may occur as a consequence 
of osteomalacia. 
calcigerous (kal-sij'er-us) [L. calx lime + ger'ere 
to bear]. Producing calcium salts. 
calcimeter (kal-sim et-er) [calcium -|~ Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for estimating the 
amount of calcium present, as in the blood. 
calcination (kal-sin-a'shun) [L. calcina're to char]. 
The process of roasting or reduction to a pow- 
der or of drying by heat. 
calcipexy (kal sip-ek-se) [calcium + Gr. Trijyvvvai 
to fix or fasten]. Fixation of calcium to tissues 
within the organism. 
calciphilia (kal-sif-il'e-ah) [calcium + Gr. <piXeiv 
to love], A tendency to absorb lime salts from the 
blood and thus to become calcified. 
calciprivic (kal-sip-ri'vik) [calcium -|- L. privus 
without]. Pertaining to a deficiency or absence of 
calcium. 
calcium (kal'se-um) [L. calx lime]. A yellow 
metal, the basic element of lime. Symbol, Ca; 
atomic weight, 40.07. It is found in nearly all 
organized tissues. c. acetate, a resolvent, 
Ca^HgO^: useful in tuberculosis and in psori- 
asis. c. benzoate, a compound, Ca(C6H6CO2)2 + 
3H2O, employed in nephritis and the albuminuria 
of pregnancy. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 gm.). 
C. bisulphite, a colorless, strong-smelling fluid, 
Ca(HSO3)2: an active antiseptic, for use in gargles 
and washes, c. borate, an antiseptic agent, 
Ca3(BO3)2: used externally as a dusting-powder 
and internally for diarrhea. Dose, 3-9 gr. (0.2- 
0.6 gm.), c. boroglycerid, a glassy hygroscopic 
and antiseptic agent prepared from calcium borate 
and glycerin, c. bromid, a sedative, CaBr2: 
used in epilepsy and insomnia. Dose, 20-30 gr. 
(1.3-2 gm.), c. cacodylate, a calcium salt of 
cacodylic acid [(CH3)2AsO.O]2Ca: used the same 
as the sodium salt. c. carbid, CaC2, a caustic 
substance used in the generation of acetylene gas. 
C. carbonate, chalk, CaCO3, occurring in bones, 
shells, etc., and prepared artificially. It is as- 
tringent and antacid: used in dyspepsia, colic, 
diarrhea, and locally as a dusting-powder. Prep- 
arations and doses: chalk-mixture, 1 oz. (30 cc.); 
compound chalk-powder, 20-60 gr. (1.3-4 gm.), 
c. caseinate, casein from cow's milk rendered 
partially soluble by combination with calcium. It 
is mixed with milk for use in diarrheal disease of 
infancy. c. chlorid, a white, hygroscopic 
powder, CaCl2; resolvent disinfectant: used in 
enlarged glands and uterine and ovarian- tumors. 
Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 gm.), c. cresylate, a 
syrupy preparation of calcium hydroxid and 
cresol: a good disinfectant. C. cyanamid. See 
cyanamid. c. dithiocarbonate, an orange-red 
crystalline powder, CaCOS2: used in skin diseases. 
C. eosolate, an odorless and tasteless soluble 
powder,. (C9H7S2O12)2.Ca3, anti tubercular and 
antiseptic:, used in bronchial and pulmonary dis- 
eases and in diabetes. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.), 
c. ferrophospholactate, a salt used in the 
treatment of rickets and tuberculosis. Dose, 
3-7i gr. (0.2-0.5 gm.), c. fluorid, CaF,, occurs 
in the bones and teeth, c. glycerophosphate, 
a white, crystalline powder, soluble in water; 
C3H3(OH)2OPO3Ca: used in neurasthenia, etc. 
Dose, 3-4I gr. (0.2-0.3 gm.), c. hippurate, 
a soluble white powder: used to remove any excess 
of uric acid from the system. Dose, 7| gr. (0.5 
gm.), c. hydrosulphid, Ca.(SH)2: a depila- 
tory: called Martin's depilatory, e. hydroxid, 
C. hydrate, Ca(OH)2, slaked lime. See under 
lime. c. hypophosphite, Ca(H>PO^)2: used 
as a food-medicine in tuberculosis and rickets. 
Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.6-2 gm.), c. iodate, an anti- 1, Almost free cholesterin; 2, cholesterin and bilirubin-calcium; 3, a stone removed from the 
ampulla of Vater; 4, a stone removed from the common duct; 5, a stone removed from the cystic 
duct. 
Biliary Calculi-Gall-stones. (Moynihan). CALCOGLOBULIN 
201 
CALCULUS 
pyretic and antiseptic salt, Ca(IO3)2 + 6H2O. c. 
iodid, Cal2, an irritant antiseptic: used in erysip- 
elas, tuberculosis, scrofula, etc. Dose, 1-3 gr. 
(0.06-0.2 gm.), c. lactate, Ca(C3H5O3)2 + 
5H2O, is used in rickets and scrofula.- Dose, 
3-7 2 gr- (0.2-0.5 gm.), c. lactophosphate, a 
mixture of calcium lactate, calcium acid lactate, 
and calcium acid phosphate: used in tuberculosis. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 gm.), c. loretinate, 
basic, a salt in slender, cream-colored needles, Ca- 
(I.O.C2N4SO3). c. loretinate, normal, an or- 
ange-red powder, Ca.fl.OH.CghhN.SOs^HjO: anti- 
septic. c. nitrate, Ca.fNOa^: a white efflorescence 
that forms on the walls of rooms where urine evapo- 
rates. c. oxalate, CaC2O4, occurs in the urine in 
crystals and in certain calculi, c. oxid, lime or 
quicklime, CaO, a corrosively alkaline and caustic 
earth, c. permanganate, a crystalline salt, 
Ca(MnO4)2 + 5H2O: used internally in the diar- 
rhea of children. Dose, $-2 gr. (0.049-0.13 gm.), 
c. phenolsulphonate. Same as c. sulphocar- 
bolate. C. phosphates are six in number: (1) Nor- 
mal calcium orthophosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, bone phos- 
phate (cal'cii phos'phas prcecipita'tus, U. S. P.), 
occurring in bones and teeth, and in nearly all the 
fluids and excreta of the body: used as a food 
medicine. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.65 gm.). (2) 
Stellar phosphate, or monohydric orthophosphate, 
CaHP04, occurs in some urinary calculi. (3) 
Tetrahydric calcium orthophosphate, CaH4(PO4)2, 
occurs in the brain, and forms the phosphate of 
acid urine and other acid body-fluids. (4) Calcium 
metaphosphate, Ca(PO3)2. (5) Calcium pyro- 
phosphate, Ca2P2O7. (6) Calcium hypophosphate, 
CaPO3 + H2O. c. salicylate, a white, tasteless, 
crystalline powder, Ca(OH.CgH4.CO.O)2 + 2H2O: 
useful in intestinal diseases. Dose, 7-20 gr. 
(0.45-1.3 gm.), c. santonate, an anthelmintic 
remedy. Dose, gr. (0.03-0.1 gm.), c. su- 
er ate, a compound of lime and saccharose: ad- 
ministered for rheumatism in the syrup of lime. 
C. sulphate, a compound occurring in the form 
of gypsum, 2CaSO4 + H2O, and as burnt gypsum 
or plaster-of-Paris, CaSO4. See plaster-of-Paris and 
gypsum, c. sulphid, a compound, CaS. The 
calcium sulphid of pharmacy is the same as calx 
sulphu'rata. c. sulphite, a compound, CaSO3: 
used in septic and zymotic diseases, c. sulpho- 
carbolate, a white, crystalline substance, Ca- 
(C8H5SO4)2 + 6H2O, soluble in water: used as 
an astringent and antiseptic in diarrhea, cholera 
morbus, intestinal ulcer, etc. Dose, 4^-15 gr. 
(0.3-1 gm.), c. sulphydrate, a preparation of 
sulphureted calcium: used as a depilatory. C. 
tungstate, a crystalline substance, CaW04, used 
for coating the screens of fluoroscopes. 
calcoglobulin (kal-ko-glob'u-lin). The form of 
albumin which occurs in calcifying tissue. 
calcoid (kal'koid). A tumor or new-growth of 
the tooth-pulp. 
calcospherite (kal-ko-sfer'it). One of the small 
globular bodies formed during the process of cal- 
cification, by chemic union between the calcium 
particles and the albuminous organic matter of 
the intercellular substance. These cells coalesce 
to form calcoglobulin. 
calcreose (karkre-ds). A proprietary preparation 
of beechwood creosote and lime: used in pul- 
monary and gastro-intestinal affections. 
calculary (kal'ku-la-re). Pertaining to calculus, 
calculosis (kal-ku-lo'sis). The presence of calculus, 
calculous (kal'ku-lus). Pertaining to, of the nature 
of, or affected with, calculus. 
calculus (kal'ku-lus), pl. cal'culi [L. for " pebble "]. 
An abnormal concretion occurring within the 
animal body, and usually composed of mineral 
salts, alternating c., a urinary calculus made 
up of successive layers of different composition, 
alvine C., a concretion in the intestine formed by 
hardening of portions of the fecal contents, ar- 
thritic C., a deposit in or near a joint in gout. 
It is usually composed of sodium urate; sometimes 
of calcium urate. Called also chalk-stone, aural 
c., a lump of hardened cerumen in the external 
meatus of the ear. biliary c., a gall-stone, 
found mainly in the biliary passages and gall- 
bladder: sometimes within the liver. It is com- 
posed of cholesterin, bile-pigment, and other organic 
matter, mixed with inorganic salts, blood C., a 
phlebolith, or concretion of coagulated blood, 
bronchial c., a concretion in an air-passage, 
calcium oxalate c., hard rough calculi com- 
posed of calcium oxalate, cholesterol c., cal- 
culi formed of cholesterol, coral c., a branched, 
coral-like calculus found in the pelvis of the kid- 
ney. cutaneous c. See milium, cystin-c., 
a soft variety of urinary calculus composed of 
cystin. dendritic c. Same as coral c. dental 
C., the tartar of the teeth. It consists of a salivary 
deposit of calcium phosphate and carbonate with 
organic matter, and also the serumal deposit of 
matter from the blood, encysted c., a urinary 
calculus inclosed in a sac developed from the wall 
of the bladder, fibrin c., urinary calculi formed 
from blood-clots, fusible c., a calculus formed 
of a mixture of calcium phosphate and triple phos- 
phates which fuses to a black, enamel-like mass 
under the blow-pipe, hematogenic c., calculus 
produced by the blood, as the serumal tartar on the 
teeth. See serumal c., also tartar, hemic c., a 
calculus developed from a blood-clot, hemp-seed 
c., a small, smooth, and pale urinary calculus of 
calcium oxalate of the size and shape of a hemp- 
seed. hepatic c., a gall-stone formed and re- 
maining in the substance of the liver, indigo c., 
calculus formed by oxidation of the indican of the 
urine, intestinal c. See enterolith, lacteal c., 
mammary calculus, lung C., concretions formed 
in the bronchi by accretion about an inorganic 
nucleus, or from calcified portions of lung tissue. 
Called also lung stones, mammary c., a con- 
cretion in one of the lactiferous ducts, mul- 
berry C., a urinary calculus of lime oxalate, so 
called from its shape, nasal c. See rhinolilh. 
ovarian c., an enlarged and calcified corpus 
luteum. pancreatic c., a concretion formed in 
the pancreatic duct from calcium carbonate with 
other salts and organic materials, phosphate c., 
calculi composed of calcium oxalate and am- 
monium urate, pocketed c. Same as encysted 
c. prostatic c., a concretion formed in the 
prostate, chiefly of calcium carbonate and phos- 
phate. renal c., a calculus occurring in the 
kidneys, salivary c. i. A concretion some- 
times formed in a salivary duct, consisting mainly 
of calcium salts. 2. The tartar formed on neg- 
lected teeth, serumal c., a calculus formed 
about a tooth and caused by the exudation of 
serous matter of diseased gums, shellac c., a 
gastrolith caused by drinking shellac varnish, 
spermatic c., a concretion in a seminal vesicle, 
stomachic c., a bezoar or other concretion in the 
stomach: a gastrolith, struvit c., a urinary cal- 
culus composed of very pure ammoniomagnesium 
phosphate, forming the hard crystals known to 
mineralogists as struvit. submorphous C., a 
calculus made up of molecules of a crystalline salt, 
together with molecules of the colloid matter in 
which the salt is contained, tonsillar c., a cal- 
careous concretion in a tonsil, urate c., calculi 
composed of urates, occurring chiefly in newborn 
or young infants, uric-acid c., hard, yellow 
or reddish-yellow calculi formed from uric acid, 
urinary c., a calculus in any part of the urinary 
tract. It is vesical when lodged in the bladder 
(stone, gravel), and renal when in the pelvis of the 
kidney, urostealith c., urinary calculi formed 
of fatty matter, uterine C., an intra-uterine con- 
cretion formed mainly by the calcareous degenera- 
tion of a tumor; a womb-stone, vesical c., a 
form found in the urinary bladder., vesicopros- 
tatic c., a prostatic calculus extending into the 
bladder, xanthic c., a urinary calculus com- 
posed mainly of xanthin. CALCUSOL 
202 
CALORIMETER 
calcusol (kal'ku-sol). A proprietary preparation 
of potassium carbonate and piperidin parasul- 
phamin-benzoate: used in gout and rheumatism. 
Caldani's ligament (kahl-dah'nez) [Leopoldo 
Marco Antonio Caldani, Italian anatomist, 1725- 
1813]. See under ligament. 
Calef. Abbreviation for L. calefac'tus, warmed. 
calefacient (kal-e-fa'shent) [L. cal'idus warm 4* 
fa'cere to make]. Exciting warmth; causing a 
sense of warmth. 
Calendula (kal-en'du-lah) [L.]. A genus of com- 
posite-flowered plants. C. officina'lis, pot-mari- 
gold, is stimulant and resolvent, and is used ex- 
ternally as a vulnerary. Dose of tincture, 10 
min. (0.6 c.c.). 
calendulin (kal-en'du-lin). A mucilaginous prin- 
ciple from Calen'dula officina'lis. 
calentura (kahl-en-too'rah) [Sp. "fever"]. See 
calenture. 
calenture (kal'en-tur) [Sp. calentu'ra}. Sunstroke, 
or thermic fever: the name is applied also to 
various tropical fevers. 
calf (kahf) [L. su'ra}. The fleshy mass formed by 
the gastrocnemius muscles at the back of the leg, 
below the knee, gnome's c., a full rounded calf 
due to pseudohypertrophic paralysis. 
caliber (kal'ib-er). The diameter of a canal or 
tube. 
calibrator (kal'ib-ra-tor) [Fr. calibre, the bore of 
a gun]. An instrument for dilating the urethra 
or for measuring the lumen of a passage. 
caliculus (kal-ik'u-lus). Calyculus. 
caligo (kal-i'go) [L.]. Dimness of vision, c. cor'- 
neae, obscurity of vision due to an opacity of the 
cornea, c. len'tis, cataract, c. pupil'lse, 
synizesis. 
calioben (kal-i'o-ben). See sajodin. 
calipeptone (kal-ip-ep'ton). A proprietary prepa- 
ration of berberin, calisaya, nux vomica, xanthoxy- 
lum, and pepsin: used in gastric neuroses. 
calipers (kal'ip-erz). Compasses with bent legs. 
calisaya (kal-is-a'yah). The bark of Cincho'na 
calisa'ya; yellow Peruvian bark. 
calisthenics (kal-is-then'iks) [Gr. xaX6s beautiful 
4- crtevos strength]. A system of light gymnastics 
for girls. 
calix (ka'liks), pl. ca'lices [L.]. A cup-shaped 
organ or cavity; especially any one of the re- 
cesses of the pelvis of the kidney which inclose 
the pyramids. 
callaquol (kal'ak-wol). A proprietary preparation 
of oxytricarballylic acid ester, flavored with oil of 
thyme: used for wet-packing in pneumonia, 
pleurisy, meningitis, peritonitis, etc. 
Callaway's test (kal'a-waz) [Thomas Callavjcy, 
English physician of the nineteenth century]. See 
under test. 
Calliphora (kal-if'o-rah). A genus of flies which 
deposit their eggs in decaying matter, on wounds, 
or in the openings of the body. C. vomito'ria, 
the common blow-fly, whose larvae may cause in- 
testinal trouble. Other species are C. aza'rea, C. 
erythroceph'ala, and C. lionen'sis. 
callisection (kal-is-ek'shun) [L. cal'lus insensi- 
bility 4- sec'tio a cutting]. Vivisection of ani- 
mals that have been anesthetized. 
Callisen's operation (kal'is-enz) [Hendrik Calli- 
sen, an eminent Danish surgeon, 1740-1824]. See 
under operation. 
Callison's fluid (kal'is-unz) [James S. Callison, 
physician in New York, born 1873]. See under 
fluid. 
callosal (kal-o'sal). Pertaining to the corpus 
callosum. 
callosity (kal-os'it-e) [L. callos'itas, from cal'lus], 
A circumscribed thickening of the skin, and hy- 
pertrophy of the horny layer, due to friction, 
pressure, or other irritation. 
callosomarginal (kal-o"so-mar'jin-al). Pertain- 
ing to the callosal and marginal gyri. 
callosum (kal-o'sum). Same as corpus callosum. 
callous (kal'us). Hard; like callus. 
callus (kal'us) [L.]. i. A callosity. 2. The plas- 
tic exudate exuded about the fragments of a 
broken bone and accomplishing the work of repair, 
central c., provisional callus formed within the 
medullary cavity of a bone, definitive c., the 
exudate formed between the fractured ends of the 
bone; it is permanent, and becomes changed into 
true bone, ensheathing c., a variety of callus 
which is external and temporary, forming a sheath 
about the seat of fracture: after repair it is ab- 
sorbed. permanent c. Same as definitive c. 
pin C., provisional callus in the medullary canal, 
provisional c., temporary c., the ensheathing 
callus plus a temporary plug of similar material 
within the medullary canal. 
calmative (kahm'at-iv). 1. Sedative; allaying ex- 
citement. 2. A sedative medicine. 
Calmette's reaction or test, serum (kal-mets') 
[Albert Calmette, French bacteriologist, Lille, born 
1863]. See under reaction and serum. 
calmin (kahm'in). The proprietary name for the 
sodium salt of veronal: used as a hypnotic. 
calodal (kal'o-dal). A meat extract used for subcu- 
taneous injection in watery solution. 
calolactose (ka-lo-lak'tos). A compound of bis- 
muth subnitrate, 1 part; calomel, 1 part; and lac- 
tose, 8 parts: it is an intestinal disinfectant. 
calomel (kal'o-mel) [L. calom'elas; Gr. KaXos fair 
+ peXas black]. Mercurous chlorid {hydrafigyri 
chlo'ridunt mi'te, U. S. P.), HgCl, a white, taste- 
less, insoluble powder; antisyphilitic, alterant, 
and purgative. Dose, 3*5-2 gr. (0.006-0.13 gm.). 
See mercury. 
calomelol (kal'o-mel-ol). A proprietary colloidal 
calomel preparation: used as a dusting-powder or 
in ointment, and internally like calomel. 
calor (ka'lor) [L. for " heat "]. Normal heat of 
the body; also fever-heat of moderate intensity 
and lower in degree than fervor and ardor. C. 
febri'lis, the heat of fever, c. fer'vens, a boil- 
ing heat. c. inna'tus, the normal or natural 
heat of the body. C. inter'nus, fever not appre- 
ciable on the surface of the body. c. mor'dax, 
C. mord'icans, biting or stinging heat. 
calorescence (kal-or-es'enz). The conversion of 
non-luminous into luminous heat-rays. 
Calori's bursa (kal-o'rez) [Luigi Calori, Italian 
anatomist, 1807-1896]. See under bursa. 
caloricity (kal-o-ris'it-e). The power of the animal 
body of developing and maintaining heat. 
calorie, calory (kah-lor-e', kal'o-re) [Fr.; L. 
ca'lor heat]. A unit of energy, being the amount 
of heat required to raise 1 gm. of water, i° C.. i. e., 
from 150 to 160 C. This is known as the small 
calorie, gram calorie, and standard calorie. The 
calorie used in the study of metabolism is the 
large calorie or kilocalorie, and is the amount of 
heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water from 
150 to 160 C. 
calorifacient (kal"o-rif-a'shent) [L. ca'lor heat 4- 
fa'cere to make]. Producing heat: used of cer- 
tain foods. 
calorific (kal-or-if'ik) [L. ca'lor heat + fa'cere to 
make]. Producing heat. c. center. See center. 
calorigenetic (kal-o-rij-in-et'ik). Calorigenic. 
calorigenic (kal-o-rij-en ik) [L. ca'lor heat + Gr. 
yev- to produce]. Producing heat; increasing heat 
production. 
calorimeter (kal"or-im'et-er) [L. ca'lor heat 4- 
Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the heat change in any system. In physiology 
it is an apparatus for measuring the amount of 
heat produced by an individual, respiration 
c., an apparatus for the measurement of the CALORIMETRY 
203 
CAMPHOR 
gaseous exchange between a living organism and 
the atmosphere which surrounds it and the simul- 
taneous measurement of the amount of heat pro- 
duced by that organism. 
calorimetry (kal-or-im'et-re) [L. ca'lor heat 4- 
Gr. perpov measure]. Measurement of the amounts 
of heat absorbed or given out. direct c., meas- 
urement of the amount of heat produced by a 
subject enclosed within a small chamber, indirect 
C., determination of the heat produced by a sub- 
ject by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed 
and the quantity of nitrogen and carbon monoxid 
eliminated. 
caloripuncture (kal"o-rip-ungk'tur) [L. ca'lor heat 
+ puncture]. Same as ignipuncture. 
caloriscope (kal-oFis-kop). An instrument for 
showing the caloric values of mixtures for infant- 
feeding. 
caloritropic (kal-o-rit-rop'ik) [L. ca'lor heat + Gr. 
rpoiros turn]. Same as thermotropic. 
calorose (kal'o-ros). An invert sugar prepared from 
cane-sugar by boiling with dilute tartaric acid: 
used as a substitute for glucose in infusions and 
nutrient enemas. 
calory (kal'or-e). See calorie. 
Calot's operation, treatment (kal-6z') [Fran- 
cois Calot, French surgeon, born 1861]. See under 
operation and treatment. 
Calotropis (kal-ot'ro-pis). See mudar. 
calsa (kal'sah). A proprietary agar-agar prepara- 
tion: used in constipation. 
calumba (kal-um'bah) [L.]. A menispermaceous 
plant, Jateorrhi'za calum'ba, of East Africa; also 
its root. It is a bitter, stomachic tonic, used in 
dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysentery, and in the vomit- 
ing of pregnancy and of teething. Dose, 10-30 gr. 
(0.6-2 gm.); of the extract, 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.65 gm.); 
of the fluidextract, 1-8 dr. (4-32 c.c.); of the tinc- 
ture, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.); of the infusion, 1-2 fl.oz. 
(30-60 c.c.). American c. See Frasera. 
calumbin (kal-um'bin). A bitter principle, Cai- 
H22O7, from calumba. 
calvaria, calvarium (kal-va're-ah, kal-va're-um) 
[L.]. The skull-cap, or vault, of the cranium; 
also, the skull itself. 
calvarial (kal-va're-al). Pertaining to the calva- 
rium. 
Calve-Perthes disease (kal-va'-per-tas) [Jacques 
Calve, French orthopedist; Georg Clemens Perthes, 
German surgeon, born 1869]. See under disease. 
calvities, calvitium (kal-vish'e-ez, kal-vish'e-um) 
[L.]. Baldness; more especially baldness of 
the sinciput. See acomia, alopecia. 
calx (kalks) [L.]. 1. Lime or chalk. 2. [B N A] The 
heel. 3. Any residue obtained by calcination. 4. 
The U. S. P. name for lime or calcium oxid, CaO; 
quicklime: alkaline, caustic, and escharotic. The 
preparations are: liq'uor cal'cis, potas'sa cum cal'ce, 
syru'pus eal'eis. c. chlora'ta, c. chlorina'ta, 
chlorinated lime; a white, pasty substance: used as 
a bleaching agent and disinfectant; also an altera- 
tive, antiseptic, and stimulant. Dose, 3-6 gr. 
(0.194-0.388 gm.), c. sulphura'ta, a mixture of 
at least 60 per cent, of calcium sulphid with a 
variable proportion of calcium sulphate and carbon. 
It is useful in skin and pustular diseases, and as 
a depilatory. Dose, ^-1 gr. (0.0064-0.065 gm.). 
C. us'ta, c. vi'va, quicklime or caustic lime. 
calycanthin (kal-ik-an'thin). An alkaloid, CnH14- 
N2 4- $HaO, from Calycan'thus fer'tilis: it is a 
violent poison. 
calyculus (kal-ik'u-lus) [L. "a little cup"]. A bud- 
shaped or cup-shaped structure, c. gustato'- 
rius, a taste-bud. c. ophthal'micus, the optic 
cup. 
Calymmatobacte'rium granulo'matis. A 
capsulate, Gram-negative organism, regarded as 
the causative agent of ulcerating granuloma of the 
pudenda. 
calyx (ka'liks). See calix. 
cambium (kam'be-um) [L. "exchange"], i. A juice 
formerly thought to originate in the blood and to 
repair tissue loss. 2. A layer of cells between the 
bark and the wood. 
cambogia (kam-bo'je-ah) [L.]. Gamboge; a yel- 
low gum-resin from Garcin'ia hanbu'rii and other 
guttiferous East Indian trees. It is a drastic 
hydragogue cathartic. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 
gm.). 
camenthol (kam-en'thol). A combination of 
camphor and Japanese menthol: used by in- 
halation in pulmonary and nasal affections in 
3 per cent, solution. 
camera (kam'er-ah), pl. cam'era: [L. for " cham- 
ber "]. 1. A box, chamber, or compartment. 
2. Any open space or ventricle, c. lu'cida, a 
prism so arranged as to throw the reflected image 
of an object upon paper, so that its outlines may 
be traced with a pencil, c. obscu'ra, a com- 
bined box, lens, and screen, used mainly in photog- 
raphy. c. oc'uli, either one of the chambers 
of the eye. See chamber, c. sep'ti pellu'cidi, 
the fifth ventricle. 
camiofen (kam-i'o-fen). An ointment composed of 
iocamphen with an equal weight of a mixture of 
lard, wax, and oil of theobroma. 
camisole (kam'is-ol, kam-e-zol') [Fr.]. A strait- 
jacket, sometimes used for the restraint of vio- 
lently insane persons. 
Cammidge reaction (kam'ij) [P. J. Cammidge, 
contemporary English physician]. See pancreatic 
reaction, under reaction. 
camomile (kam'o-mil). See Anthemis, Calendula, 
Chamomile, Matricaria, and Tagetes. 
campanula (kam-pan'u-lah) [L. campana a bell]. 
A bell-shaped organ or part. c. hal'leri, the 
swollen end of the falciform process in the eye of 
fish. 
campeachy, campechy (kam-pe'tshe). Hema- 
toxylon. 
camp-fever. A popular name for typhus fever. 
Camper's angle, ligament, etc. (kam'perz) 
[Pieter Camper, Dutch physician, 1722-1789]. See 
angle, ligament, etc. 
camphacol (kam'fak-ol). A preparation made 
from camphoric acid, formaldehyd, and guaiacol: 
used in phthisis and other pulmonary affections 
and in cystitis. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.3 gm.). 
camphene (kam-fen'). 1. Any hydrocarbon or 
volatile oil having the formula C10H16. Certain 
camphenes are found already formed in plants. 
2. A popular name for rectified oil of turpentine. 
camphenol (kam-fe'nol). A combination of cam- 
phor and the phenols: germicide and disinfectant, 
camphoid (kam'foid). A thick paste of camphor, 
20 parts, and pyroxylin, 1 part, dissolved in al- 
cohol: used as a vehicle for the external applica- 
tion of medicines. 
campholyptus (kam-fo-lip'tus). A proprietary 
camphor and eucalyptus remedy. 
camphomenthol (kam-fo-men'thol). Menthol 
camphoratum. 
camphophenique (kam"fo-fen-ek') [Fr.]. A pro- 
prietary antiseptic preparation of camphor and 
phenol. 
camphopyrazolon (kam"fo-pi-raz'o-lon). Phenyl- 
hydrazin in combination with camphocarboxylic 
acid; it forms delicate needles, of the formula 
C17H20N2O, soluble in alcohol. It is used like 
camphor. 
camphor (kam'for) [L. cam'phora; Gr. Ka/z^opa]. 
A stearopten, C10H16O, from the wood of Cinna- 
mo'mum cam'phora and other Asiatic lauraceous 
trees. It is a white, tough, crystalline mass, 
strongly fragrant, of a cool, pungent taste, in- 
flammable and sublimable. It is a powerful 
irritant and stimulant, diaphoretic and narcotic; CAMPHORACEOUS 
204 
CANAL 
poisonous in overdoses, sedative in small ones. 
It is used in neuralgia, headache, maniacal at- 
tacks, and the typhoid state, in sexual excitement 
and genito-urinary irritation. Dose, 1-20 gr. 
(0.06-1.3 gm.). Its principal official prepara- 
tions are aqua camphora; spiritus camphorce, 
and linimentum camphorce; but it also enters, 
in smaller quantities, into many other prep- 
arations. There is a considerable class of stearop- 
tens grouped together as camphors, alant c. 
See helenin. artificial c., a compound, pinene 
chlorid, CioHrCl, prepared from oil of turpentine 
by the action of hydrochloric acid, blumea c., a 
good and abundant camphor produced in Indochina 
by the shrub Blu'mea balsamif'era. Borneo c., a 
peculiar stearopten from Dryobal'anops aromat'ica, 
a tree of Borneo and Sumatra, carbolated c., 
a mixture of camphor, parts, with phenol and 
alcohol, each, 1 part: an antiseptic dressing for 
wounds, chloral c., equal parts of camphor 
and chloral hydrate: a sedative for external use. 
mace c., a camphor, derivable from oil 
of mace, monobromated c., camphor in which 
one atom of hydrogen is replaced by one atom 
of bromin, CioHisOBr. Dose. 1-10 gr. (0.066-0.666 
gm.), naphthol c., beta-naphthol, 1 part, fused 
with camphor, 2 parts; a syrupy fluid: used exter- 
nally as an antiseptic, orris c., a fragrant, crys- 
talline body from orris, phenol c., a clear, oily 
solution of camphor in phenol in various propor- 
tions: a germicide and toothache remedy, resor- 
cinated c., a mixture of resorcinol and camphor; 
employed in pediculosis and in pruritus, c. 
salicylate, a crystalline product of the fusion of 
camphor, 84 parts, with salicylic acid, 65 parts: 
used externally in ointments for various skin affec- 
tions, and internally, as in diarrheas. Dose, £-4 gr. 
(0.05-0.25 gm.), salol c., a clear, oily prepara- 
tion of camphor, 2 parts, and salol, 3 parts: a local 
antiseptic, thymol c., a mixture of thymol and 
camphor: applied for lice and to relieve itching. 
camphoraceous (kam-fo-ra'shus). Having the 
taste, smell, or other qualities of camphor. 
camphoral (kam'fo-ral). A proprietary remedy 
for diseases of the mucous membrane. 
camphorated (kam'fo-ra-ted) [L. camphor a'tus]. 
Containing or tinctured with camphor. 
camphor ism (kam'for-izm). Poisoning by cam- 
phor; the condition is marked by convulsions, coma, 
and gastritis. 
camphoromania (kam-for-o-ma'ne-ah). A mor- 
bid craving for camphor; the camphor habit. 
camphoroxol (kam-for-oks'ol). A preparation of 
camphor, alcohol, and hydrogen dioxid: anti- 
septic and deodorant in 10 per cent, solution. 
camphosal (kam'fo-sal). Neutral camphoric acid 
ester of santalol, used in 
urethral fever, vesical catarrh, etc. 
camphossil (kam'fo-sil). A condensation product 
of camphor and salicylic acid: used as an anti- 
pyretic and intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 8 gr. 
(0.5 gm.). 
campimeter (kam-pim'et-er) [L. cam'pus field + 
me'trum measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing or mapping out the field of vision. 
camptocormia, camptocormy (kamp-to-kor'- 
me-ah, kamp-to-kor'me) [Gr. Kapirros bent + 
Koppos body]. Bent back; a static deformity con- 
sisting of forward flexion of the trunk, seen in sol- 
diers. It is probably a functional or simulated con- 
dition (Souques). 
camptodactylia (kamp"to-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. Kapir- 
tos bent + ba.KTv\os finger]. Permanent and ir- 
reducible inflexibility of one or more fingers 
(Landouzy). 
canadin (kan'a-din). An alkaloid, C2iH21NO4, 
from Hydras'lis canaden'sis. 
Canadium (kan-ah'de-um). A supposed new ele- 
ment found in metallic form in British Columbia. 
It resembles platinum in many ways. 
canadol (kan'ad-ol). A volatile petroleum distil- 
late; an impure hexane, C6HU: used like rhigo- 
lene as a local freezing anesthetic for minor sur- 
gical operations. 
canal (ka-nal') [L. cana'lis}. Any tubular and 
relatively narrow passage or channel, abdomi- 
nal c., the inguinal canal, accessory palatine 
C., a channel in the palate bone for branches of 
the descending palatine artery, accessory poste- 
rior palatine c., a passage (sometimes two pas- 
sages) in the palate bone, with an orifice near 
that of the posterior palatine canal, adductor c. 
Same as Hunter's c. Alcock's c., the fascial 
sheath of the internal pudic artery, alimen- 
tary C., the passage made up of the mouth, 
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestine, ali- 
sphenoid c., a canal in the alisphenoid bone 
which in many animals transmits the external 
carotid, alveolodental c., the dental canal, 
anal C., a transient lumen in the embryonic anus, 
anterior alveolar c., in the upper jaw bone, 
transmits the middle superior dental nerve, an- 
terior dental c., canal in the facial portion of the 
upper jaw bone for the anterior dental nerve and 
vessels, anterior ethmoid c., a passage in the 
frontal and ethmoid bones for the nasal branch of 
the ophthalmic nerve and anterior ethmoid vessels, 
anterior orbital c., the anterior ethmoid canal, 
anterior palatine c., the canal which affords 
passage for the anterior palatine artery in the 
superior maxillary bone, arachnoid c., an 
alleged passage beneath the arachnoid mem- 
brane of the brain for the vena? Galeni. c. of 
Arantius, the ductus venosus. archinephric 
C., the duct of the archinephron or primitive 
kidney. Arnold's c., a passage in the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone for the auricular 
branch of the pneumogastric nerve, arterial 
c., the ductus arteriosus, atrial c., the space 
within the atrium, auditory c., external, the 
passage from the external meatus of the ear to 
the membrana tympani. auditory c., in- 
ternal, a passage in the petrous bone for the 
auditory and facial nerves and auditory blood- 
vessels. auricular c. i. The external auditory 
canal. 2. The constriction between the auricular 
and ventricular portions of the fetal heart, avant 
c., the distal portion of the male urethra. Bar- 
tholin's C., the duct of Bartholin's gland, 
basipharyngeal c., an occasional canal be- 
tween the vaginal process of the sphenoid and the 
wing of the vomer on either side. Called also vomer- 
ine c. Bernard's c., a supplementary pancreatic 
duct. Bichat's c., the arachnoid canal. biliary 
interlobular c's, the interlobular network of 
bile-ducts in and around the hepatic cells, birth- 
C., the canal through which the child passes in birth, 
formed by the cervix uteri, vagina, and vulva, 
blastoporic c., a temporary passage in the 
embryo at the end of the primitive axis: it is a 
relic of the notochordal canal, c. of bone, a 
canaliculus in a bone, bony c's (of ear). See 
canal, semicircular. Braun's c., the neuren- 
teric canal. Braune's c., the uterine cavity and 
the vagina together after the os is fully dilated 
in labor. Breschet's c., the canal of the diploe, 
bullular c., the canal of Petit, calciferous 
c's, canals containing lime salts in cartilage that 
is undergoing calcification, caroticotympanic 
c's, two or more short passages from the carotid 
canal to the tympanum, transmitting branches 
of the carotid plexus, carotid c., a passage 
in the petrous bone for the internal carotid artery 
and the carotid plexus, c's of cartilage, 
canals in an ossifying cartilage during its stage of 
vascularization, central c. for chorda tym- 
pani, a passage in the petrous bone for the chorda 
tympani. central c. of the modiolus, runs 
lengthwise through the modiolus of the cochlea, and 
transmits the central artery and nerve of that 
structure, central c. of the myelon, extends 
the whole length of the spinal cord, and is filled 
with cerebrospinal fluid, central c. of vitreous (or of Stilling), a passage running from the optic 
disk to the lens of the eye: in the fetus it transmits 
the hyaloid artery, cerebrospinal c. 1. The 
space which contains the brain and spinal cord. 
2. The primitive cavity of the brain and spinal 
cord, cervical c., the canal of the cervix uteri, 
ciliary c., a ring of spaces in the sclera, in front 
of its attachment to the iris. Cloquet's c. 
Same as central c. of vitreous, cochlear c., 
the scala vestibuli and scala tympani together, 
condylar c., a passage in the condylar portion 
of the occipital bone for the hypoglossal nerve: 
it opens into the anterior condyloid foramen, 
connecting c., the arched or coiled part of a 
uriniferous tubule, joining it to a collecting tubule, 
c. of Corti, a space between the outer and inner 
rods of Corti, c. of Cotunnius, the aqueduct 
of Cotunnius. craniopharyngeal c., a passage 
in the embryo and fetus, between the pharyngeal 
cavity and the anterior lobe of the pituitary body, 
craniovertebral c., the cerebrospinal canal; 
also called cranioneural canal, crural C. Same 
as femoral c. c. of Cuvier, the ductus venosus. 
cystic c., the cystic duct. c. of de Candolle. 
Same as medullary c. deferent c., the vas def- 
erens. demicircular c. Same as semicircular c. 
dentinal c's, minute channels in dentin, extend- 
ing from the pulp-cavity to the cement and enamel, 
descending palatine c., the palatomaxillary 
canal, digestive c. See alimentary c. dip- 
loetic c's, canals of the diploe for Breschet's 
veins, drainage-c., a passage formed by per- 
foration, or by the invagination of the skin, for 
wound drainage, ejaculatory c. See duct, ejac- 
ulatory. entodermal c., the yolk-space that 
develops into the archenteron. c. of the epi- 
didymis, a long, convoluted tube of which the 
epididymis is made up; it is continuous with the 
vas deferens, eustachian c., a passage in the 
petrous bone which lodges the outer part of the 
eustachian tube, facial c., the aqueduct of 
Fallopius, fallopian c., the aqueduct of 
Fallopius, femoral c., the inner compart- 
ment of the sheath of the femoral vessels, situ- 
ated behind Poupart's ligament and Hunter's 
canal. Ferrein's c., a canal said to be formed 
by the edges of the closed eyelids, and to con- 
duct the tears during sleep to the puncta lacri- 
malia. Fontana's c., the ring made up of Fon- 
tana's spaces at the junction of the cornea, iris, 
and sclera: the ciliary canal, galactophorous 
c., a lactiferous tubule of the mammary gland, 
ganglionic c., extends spirally up the modiolus, 
and contains the spiral ganglion and nerves going 
to the organ of Corti. Gartner's c., in the 
female, a tube that is the homologue of the vas 
deferens: a relic of the embryonic wolffian duct, 
genital c., any canal for the passage of ova 
or for copulatory service, gubernacular c's, 
four small openings in young crania, one behind 
each incisor tooth, c. of Guidi, the vidian canal. 
Hannover's c., an artificial canal between the 
anterior and posterior fibers of the zonula of the 
lens, caused by the injection of some fibrous ma- 
terial. haversian c's, the freely anastomosing 
canals of the compact osseous tissue: they contain 
blood-vessels, lymph-vessels, nerves, and mar- 
row. hemal c., the space within the hemal 
arch. Henle's c's, the looped uriniferous 
tubules, c. of Hensen. Same as canalis 
reunions, hepatic c. 1. The excretory duct of 
the liver; also, any one of its radicles. 2. Any 
one of the canals in the liver for the veins of that 
organ, hernial c., the passage which transmits 
a hernia. His' c., the thyroglossal duct. Holm- 
gren-Golgi c's, minute canals in the cytoplasm 
of cells, particularly of nerve-cells, forming a com- 
plex apparatus throughout the cytoplasm. Called 
also intracytoplasmic c's. C. of Hovius, the 
canal of Fontana. Huguier's C., the iter 
chordae anterius: a canal in the temporal bone 
which transmits the chorda tympani nerve. 
Hunter's c., the triangular space between the 
CANAL 
205 
adductor longus, adductor magnus, and vastus 
externus muscles: it contains the femoral vessels 
and the internal saphenous nerve. Called also 
canalis adductorius [B N A]. Huschke's c., a 
passage formed by the union of the tubercles of the 
tympanic ring: it commonly disappears during the 
years of childhood, hyaloid c., the central canal 
of the vitreous, incisive c., a passage in the up- 
per maxilla from the incisor foramina to the nasal 
fossa, incisor c., the anterior palatine canal, 
inferior dental c., one passing from the inferior 
dental foramen through the ramus, and proceeding 
through the body of the lower jaw bone, infra- 
orbital C., a passage continuous with the infra- 
orbital groove on the orbital surface of the superior 
maxillary bone for the infra-orbital nerves and 
vessels, inguinal c., the passage for the sper- 
matic cord (round ligament in the female) from the 
internal to the external abdominal ring, intes- 
tinal C., the intestine; that part of the alimentary 
canal which lies between the pylorus and the anus, 
intracytoplasmic c's. See Holmgren-Golgi c's. 
intralobular biliary c. See biliary intra- 
lobular c. Jacobson's c., one that opens upon 
the lower surface of the petrosa and contains 
Jacobson's nerve: called also tympanic c. juice- 
c's, the minute lymph-spaces which form the 
origin of the lymph-vessels. Kovalevsky's c., 
the neurenteric canal. lacrimal c. i. The bony 
canal in which the nasal duct is lodged. 2. Any 
lacrimal canaliculus. Laurer's c., a passage 
in trematode worms; extending from the ova- 
rian duct to the dorsal surface of the body. 
Loewenberg's c., the part of the cochlear 
canal above the membrane of Corti. malar 
C., a channel in the malar bone for the tem- 
poromalar branch of the superior maxillary 
nerve. mandibular c. Same as infetior 
dental c. maxillary c., the dental canal, me- 
dian c. 1. The central canal of the spinal 
cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius, medullary 
C., the hollow, marrow-containing cavity of a long 
bone, membranous c., a canal in the cochlea 
which follows the turns of the lamina spiralis, 
membranous semicircular c's, the three 
membranous canals (external, superior, and poste- 
rior) contained within the three bony semicir- 
cular canals of the labyrinth, c. of the mo- 
diolus, the spiral canal of the cochlea, nasal 
C. 1. An occasional passage for the nasal nerve, 
or branches of it, in the nasal bone. 2. The lac- 
rimal canal, nasolacrimal c., the lacrimal 
canal, nasopalatine c., a passage in the vomer 
for the nasopalatine nerve, nervous c., the 
medullary or cerebrospinal canal, neural c., 
an end-to-end passage in the epiblastic tissue of 
the embryo, developing into the cavity of the ven- 
tricles and central canal of the cord, neuren- 
teric c. of Kovalevsky, in the embryo, a passage 
from the posterior part of the medullary tube into 
the archenteron. notochordal c., the neuren- 
teric canal. C. of Nuck, a tubule of perito- 
neum in the young female, descending from the 
uterus into the inguinal canal: sometimes per- 
sistent. nutritive c. Same as haversian c. 
obstetric c. Same as parturient c. obturator 
C., a canal in the ilium which transmits the ob- 
turator nerve and blood-vessels, olfactory c., 
the nasal fossae at an early stage of their em- 
bryonic development, omphalomesenteric c., 
a passage which connects the cavity of the intestine 
of the embryo with the umbilical vesicle, pal- 
atine c. See anterior palatine c. and posterior 
palatine c. palatomaxillary c., the posterior 
palatine c. parturient c., the space from the 
fundus uteri to the vulvar outlet, pelvic c., a 
passage from the superior to the inferior strait of 
the pelvis, perivascular c., any lymph-space 
about a blood-vessel. Petit's c., the space which 
encircles the periphery of the lens, petromas- 
toid c., an occasional canal containing a vein, in 
the line of union between the petrous and mastoid 
bones, petrosal c's, two passages for the large 
CANAL CANAL 
206 
CANALIS 
and small superficial petrosal nerves on the upper 
side of the petrous bone, pharyngeal c. Same 
as pterygopalatine c. plasmatic c., a haversian 
canal, pore c., porous c., an opening in the 
ovum conjectured to serve for the entrance of sper- 
matozoids. portal c., a space within the capsule 
of Glisson and liver substance containing the portal 
veins, branches of the hepatic vessels, and the he- 
patic duct, posterior alveolar c., one situated in 
the superior maxillary bone for the anterior supe- 
rior dental nerve, posterior dental c's, two or 
more canals in the upper maxillary bone for 
the superior posterior blood-vessels and nerves, 
posterior ethmoid c., one in the frontal and 
ethmoid bones for the posterior ethmoid vessels, 
posterior palatine c., the passage for the 
descending palatine artery in the superior maxillary 
and palate bones, primitive c., the neural canal 
of the embryo, pseudostomatous c., any 
apparent passage in an endothelial layer terminat- 
ing in a pseudostoma, pterygoid c., the vidian 
canal, pterygopalatine c., a passage in the 
sphenoid and palatine bones for the pterygopalatine 
vessels and pharyngeal nerve, pulmo-aortic c. 
See ductus arteriosus. pulp-C., that part of the 
pulp-cavity which traverses the root of a tooth, 
c's of Recklinghausen. 1. Small lymph- 
channels in the connective tissue which are regarded 
as ultimate branches of the lymphatic vessels. 
2. The canals of the cornea, c. of Reissner, 
the membranous canal of the cochlea, c's of 
Rivinus, the excretory ducts of the sublingual 
glands, root-c., the canal in the center of the 
root of a tooth containing dental pulp. Rosen- 
thal's C., the spiral canal of the modiolus, 
ruffed c. Same as Petit's c. sacculococh- 
lear c., one that connects the sacculus and the 
cochlea, sacculo-utricular c., one connecting 
the sacculus and the utricle, sacral c., the con- 
tinuation of the spinal canal in the sacrum. San- 
torini's C., the duct of the lesser pancreas. 
Saviotti's c's, artificially formed slits between 
the glandular cells of the injected pancreas. 
Schlemm's c., the circular canal at the junction 
of the sclera and cornea, semicircular c's, 
the long canals of the labyrinth, some of them 
osseous, others membranous, seminal c., a 
seminiferous tubule, serous c., any minute 
lymph-vessel, sheathing c., the passage from 
the peritoneal cavity to the tunica vaginalis testis, 
small external palatine c., a passage for 
the external palatine nerve in the pyramidal 
process of the temporal bone, smaller pala- 
tine c., the posterior palatine canal, spermatic 
c., the inguinal canal of the male, sphenopal- 
atine C. See pterygopalatine c. spinal C., the 
tube which contains the spinal cord, spinal 
medullary c., the central canal of the spinal 
cord, spiral c., the winding tube which makes 
two and one-half turns about the modiolus of 
the cochlea. It is divided into two compart- 
ments, scala tympani and scala vestibuli, by the 
lamina spiralis, spiroid c., the fallopian canal. 
*c. of Steno, the duct of Steno. c. of Still- 
ing, the hyaloid canal; also the central canal 
of the spinal cord, superior palatine c., 
a passage in the palatal and upper jaw bones 
for the palatine nerve and vessels, supra- 
optic c., a minute canal above the optic chiasm 
and connected with the third ventricle, supra- 
orbital C., one at the upper margins of the 
orbit for the supra-orbital artery and nerve, 
tarsal c., a canal beneath the head of the ab- 
ductor hallucis. temporal c., the temporo- 
malar canal, temporomalar c., a canal in the 
malar bone for the temporomalar branches of 
the superior maxillary nerve. Theile's c., the 
space formed by the reflection of the pericardium 
on the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Tour- 
tual's c., the pterygopalatine canal, tubo- 
tympanal c., the inner division of the first gill- 
cleft in the fetus; from it are derived the internal 
auditory passages, tympanic c., one in the petrous 
bone for Jacobson's nerve, the tympanic branch 
of the glossopharyngeal, urethral c., the urethra 
or the structure which surrounds it. urogenital 
c's, the embryonic structures formed by the com- 
bined lower ends of the mullerian and wolffian 
ducts, uterine C., the cavity of the uterus, 
uterocervical c., the canal of the cervix uteri, 
utriculosaccular c., a canal from the utricle, 
uniting with a similar canal from the saccule to 
form the ductus endolymphaticus. vaginal c., 
the space within the vagina, vector c., an ovi- 
duct. Verneuil's c's, collateral veins of a venous 
trunk, vertebral c. i. The spinal canal. 2. 
Either passage for a vertebral artery in the trans- 
«verse processes of the cervical vertebrae, ves- 
tibular C. Same as urogenital sinus. See sinus. 
vidian c., the passage in the sphenoid bone for 
the vidian artery and nerve. Volkmann's c's, 
passages in the subperiosteal layer of bones for 
the passage of blood-vessels, and communicating 
with the haversian canals, vomerine c., basi- 
pharyngeal canal. vomerobasilar c., the 
canal at the junction of the vomer and sphenoid 
bone, vulvar c., the vestibule of the vagina, 
vulvo-uterine c., the vaginal canal, c. of 
Wirsung, the pancreatic duct, zygomatico- 
temporal C., the temporomalar canal. 
canalicular (kan-al-ik'u-lar). Resembling or 
pertaining to a canaliculus. 
canaliculization (kan-al-ik"u-liz-a'shun). The 
development of canaliculi, as in bone. 
canaliculus (kan-al-ik'u-lus), pl. canalic'uli [L.]. 
1. Any small canal or channel, especially that 
from the punctum lacrimale to the lacrimal sac. 2. 
Any one of the minute canals extending to the 
lacunae of a bone, auricular c., a canaliculus 
which transmits the auricular branch of the vagus 
nerve, c. bilif'erus, a bile duct. c. carot- 
icotympanicus [B N A], a small canal within 
the opening of the carotid canal, giving passage to 
branches of the internal carotid artery and carotid 
sympathetic plexus. C. denta'lis [B N A], den- 
tinal canal. See canal, haversian c., any one 
of a system of minute channels connected with 
each haversian canal, c. innomina'tus, the 
innominate foramen. See foramen, c. lacrima'- 
lis [B N A], lacrimal canal, c. laqueifor'mis, 
the loop-tubule of Henle, mastoid c., c. 
mastoi'deus [B N A], a passage from the jugular 
fossa to the tympanicomastoid fissure for the 
auricular branch of the vagus. Thiersch's c., 
one of the small channels in newly formed repair 
tissue for the circulation of nutritive fluids, c. 
tympan'icus [B N A], the tympanic canal. See 
canal. 
canalis (kan-a'lis) [L. for "canal"]. A canal. 
C. adducto'rius [B N A], Hunter's canal, c. 
alveola'res [B N A], the posterior dental canals, 
c. auricula'ris. Same as auricular canal (2). 
See canal, c. basipharyn'geus [B N A], basi- 
pharyngeal canal, c. carot'icus [B N A], carotid 
canal, c. chor dae tym'pani. Same as iter 
chordae posterius. c. condyloi'deus [B N A], 
posterior condyloid foramen, c. facia lis [B N A], 
the aqueduct of Fallopius, c. femora'lis [B N A], 
the femoral canal. C. hyaloi'deus [B N A], the 
hyaloid canal, c. hypoglos'si IB N A], the an- 
terior condyloid foramen, c. incisi'vus [B N A], 
the incisive canal. C. infra-orbita'lis [BNA], 
the infra-orbital canal, c. inguina'lis, the in- 
guinal canal, c. mandib'uli [B N A], the inferior 
dental canal, c. musculotuba'rius, the com- 
bined canals for the eustachian tube and the 
tensor tympani muscle, c. nasolacrima'lis 
[B N A], lacrimal canal, c. nutric'ius, the nutri- 
ent canal of a bone. c. obturato'rius [B N A], 
the obturator canal, c. palati'nus [B N A], an- 
terior and posterior palatine canal, c. pharyn'- 
geus [B N A], the pterygopalatine canal. C. 
pterygoi'deus, the vidian canal, c. reu'niens, 
a membranous structure beginning at the ductus 
cochlearis and extending to the sacculi of the ear: 207 
CANKER 
it is filled with endolymph, c. spina'lis [B N A], 
the spinal canal, c. spiralis cochleae [B N A], 
the spiral canal. 
canalization (kan"al-iz-a'shun). 1. The forma- 
tion of canals, natural or morbid. 2. The surgi- 
cal formation of holes or canals without tubes 
for wound drainage. 
canavailin (kan-av-al'in). A globulin isolated from 
jack beans. 
cancellated (kan'sel-a-ted). Having a lattice-like 
structure. 
cancelli (kan-sel'e). Plural of cancellus. 
cancellous (kan'sel-us). Of a reticular, spongy, or 
lattice-like structure: used mainly of bony tissue.* 
cancellus (kan-sel'us), pl. cancel'll [L. " a lattice "]. 
A lattice-like bony structure. 
cancer (kan'ser) [L. for " crab "]. A malignant 
tumor, made up chiefly of epithelial cells; carci- 
noma. See carcinoma, acinous c. See acinous 
carcinoma, under carcinoma, adenoid c., a 
malignant tumor made up of or containing cylindric 
tubes lined with epithelium. C. a deux [Fr. "can- 
cer in two"], cancer attacking simultaneously or 
consecutively two persons who live together, al- 
veolar c., colloma. C. aquat'icus, cancrum 
oris, or gangrenous stomatitis. Aran's green 
C., malignant lymphoma of the orbit, with severe 
leukemia and a tendency to form metastases by the 
lymphatics, areolar c. Same as colloid car- 
cinoma. See carcinoma, c. atroph'icans, scir- 
rhous cancer surrounded by sclerosed and atrophied 
tissue, black c. Same as melanotic cancer. 
branchiogenous c., a cancer originating 
in the superior cervical triangle, and supposed 
to be derived from a relic of an embryonal branch- 
ial cleft. Butter's c., cancer of the hepatic flex- 
ure of the colon, buyo cheek c., cancer of the 
cheek seen in natives of the Philippine Islands from 
chewing buyo leaf or betel. Cf. betel, cellu- 
lar c. Same as encephaloid c. cerebriform 
c. Same as encephaloid c. chimney-sweeps' 
c., soot-wart; cancer of the scrotum due to soot- 
poisoning; soot-cancer, chondroid c., scir- 
rhous cancer with a cartilage-like texture, clay- 
pipe c., epithelioma of the lip due to irrita- 
tion caused by a pipe-stem. colloid c. See 
colloma. conjugal c., cancer attacking nearly 
simultaneously a man and his wife, contact 
C., cancer developing in a part of the body in 
contact with a previously existing cancer, 
corset c., cancer en cuirasse. cystic c., 
carcinoma that has undergone cystic degenera- 
tion. dendritic c. Same as papilloma, der- 
moid c., a cancer containing nests and pegs of 
flat epithelium with colloid masses, duct c., 
cancer of the epithelium of the mammary ducts, 
dye workers' c., cancer of the urinary bladder 
frequently observed among workers in anilin dyes, 
encephaloid c., a soft cancer of brain-like con- 
sistence; encephaloma. C. en cuirasse, . a 
cancer about the skin of the thorax, endothelial 
C., endothelioma. epidermal c., epithelioma, 
epithelial c. See epithelioma, fungous c. 
Same as fungus hcematodes. glandular c., 
adenocarcinoma and adenosarcoma. green c., 
chloroma. hard c., one containing an excess 
of fibrous tissue, hematoid c., fungus hsma- 
todes. jacket c., cancer en cuirasse. kangri 
c., epithelioma in the thigh or abdomen affect- 
ing natives of Kashmir, and attributed to irri- 
tation from the kangri or fire basket. Lob- 
stein's c., retroperitoneal sarcoma, medul- 
lary c., one made up largely of soft, marrow-like 
cellular material, melanotic c., a malignant 
growth of a black or deeply pigmented color, 
paraffin c., a malignant growth occurring in 
those who work in paraffin, pitch-workers' c., 
epithelioma of the face, neck, and scrotum seen 
in those who work in pitch, retrograde c., 
a dormant atrophied malignant growth, ro- 
dent c. Same as ulcer, rodent. scirrhous 
CANALIZATION 
c., a hard or fibroid malignant growth; scirrhus. 
smokers' c., epithelioma of the lip due to irri- 
tation by the pipe-stem; also cancer of the throat, 
ascribed to excessive smoking, soft C., an 
encephaloid or colloid cancer, solanoid c., 
one which resembles a potato in its texture, soot- 
C. Same as chimney-sweeps' c. spider c. See 
navus araneosus. tar c., carcinoma caused by 
inflammatory irritation of fumes of tar. tubular 
C., a form of mammary cancer believed to arise 
from the mammary ducts, villous duct c., 
cancer developed from a cyst with villous malig- 
nant growth, water-c., noma, withering c., 
scirrhous carcinoma. 
canceration (kan-ser-a'shun). The assumption 
of malignant qualities. 
cancer in (kan'ser-in). A white, crystalline pto- 
main, C8H5NO3, from the urine in carcinoma. 
cancerism (kan'ser-izm). The cancerous diathesis; 
a tendency to the development of malignant disease. 
canceroderm (kan'ser-o-derm). Numerous an- 
giomata of large size seen on the chest and ab- 
domen of certain patients and thought to be con- 
nected with malignant growths. Called also 
de Morgan spots. 
cancerous (kan'ser-us). Of the nature of or per- 
taining to cancer. 
cancerphobia (kan-ser-fo'be-ah). A morbid fear 
of cancer. 
canchalagua (kan-shah-lah'gwah). The Eryth- 
ree'a chilen'sis, a South American tonic herb: 
used like gentian. 
Cancriamoeba macroglossa (kang-kri-am-e'bah 
mak-ro-glos'ah). A form of ameba said to act as 
a parasite in carcinoma. 
cancriform (kan'krif-orm). Resembling a cancer, 
cancroid (kan'kroid) [cancer + Gr. eibos form]. 
i. Resembling cancer. 2. A skin cancer of a 
moderate degree of malignity. 
cancroin (kan'kro-in). A substance obtained 
from cancer, a supposed alexin against cancer 
poison: used hypodermically for cancer (Adam- 
kiewicz). 
cancrology (kang-krol'o-je) [cancer + Gr. Xbyos 
treatise]. The science and study of cancer. 
cancrum (kan'krum) [L.]. Canker, c. na'si, 
gangrenous rhinitis of children, c. o'ris, noma 
of the mouth, or gangrenous stomatitis, a disease 
of childhood marked by the development of 
foul ulcers in the mucous membrane of the cheeks 
and lips. The disease is attended with great 
exhaustion, and death frequently ensues, c. 
puden'di, ulceration of the pudenda. 
cando 1 (kan'dol). A dry malt extract. 
Canella (kan-el'ah) [LJ. 1. A genus of trees; 
order Canella' cece. 2. The bark of C. al'ba, a 
West Indian tree; it is a tonic, stimulant, and stom- 
achic. Dose, 10-40 gr. (0.66-2.5 gm.). 
caneotica (ka-ne-ot'ik-ah). An endemic ulcer 
(oriental sore) of Canea in the Island of Crete. 
canescent (kan-es'ent) [L. ca'nus gray]. Grayish, 
cane-sugar (kan-shug'ar). Ordinary table sugar; a 
disaccharid, sucrose, or saccharose, C12H22O11, de- 
rived from the juice of the sugar-cane and yielding 
dextrose and levulose on inversion. 
canine (ka'nin) [L. cani'nus], 1. Of, pertaining to. 
or like that which belongs to a dog. 2. A pointed 
tooth situated between an incisor and a bicuspid 
tooth; a cuspid. 
caniniform (ka-nin'if-orm). Resembling a canine 
tooth. 
canities (kan-ish'e-ez) [L.]. Grayness or white- 
ness of the hair. 
canker (kang'ker). 1. Ulceration, chiefly of the 
mouth and lips. 2. Disease of the keratogenous 
membrane in horses, beginning at the frog and 
extending to the sole and wall, marked by a loss 
of function of the horn-secreting cells and the dis- 
charge of a serous exudate in place of normal horn. CANNABENE 
208 
CAPIAT 
cannabene (kan'ab-en). A hydrocarbon, C18H2q: 
with its hydrid, C18H22, it forms the volatile oil 
of hemp; poisonous. 
cannabin (kan'ab-in). (r) A resin; also (2) a 
hypnotic alkaloid and (3) a glucosid from can- 
nabis. Dose of the alkaloid, 1-4 gr. (0.064-0.26 
gm.), c. tannate, a hypnotic compound made 
by precipitating the glucosid cannabin with tannic 
acid. Dose, 2-25 gr. (0.13-1.6 gm.). 
cannabindon (kan-ab-in'don). A red, syrupy 
liquid from Cannabis indica: hypnotic. Dose, 
min. (0.02-0.09 c.c.). 
cannabinol (kan-ab'in-ol). An oil, C21H24O2, de- 
rivable from Cannabis indica; said to be its most 
active principle. 
cannabinone (kan-ab'in-6n). A poisonous alka- 
loidal resin from hemp: used as a hypnotic. Dose, 
1-4 gr. (0.064-0.26 gm.). 
Cannabis (kan'ab-is) [L.; Gr. Kawajis]. Hemp; 
a genus of urticaceous plants. C. ind'ica, a 
variety of common hemp preferred for medicinal 
uses. C. sati'va, the species which produces 
the ordinary hemp. The flowering tops contain 
a resin (cannabin) and a volatile oil, and are 
narcotic, anodyne, and antispasmodic in large 
doses, producing intoxication with mental ex- 
altation. It is used in chronic spasmodic affec- 
tions, such as asthma, whooping-cough, paralysis 
agitans, migraine, etc. Dose of extract, gr. 
(0.01-0.033 gm.); of fluidextract, 1-5 min. (0.065- 
0.3 c.c.); of tincture, 20 min.-i fl.dr. (1.25-4 c.c.). 
See hemp. 
cannabism (kan'ab-izm). A morbid state pro- 
duced by misuse of cannabis. 
cannabitetanin (kan"ab-it-et'an-in). A power- 
fully convulsant alkaloid from cannabis. 
cannon (kan'un). See canon. 
Cannon's ring (kan'unz) [Walter Bradford Cannon, 
Boston physiologist, born 1871]. See under ring. 
cannula (kan'u-lah) [L. dim. of can'na " reed "]. 
A tube for insertion into the body, its caliber 
being usually occupied by a trocar during the 
act of insertion. Bellocq's c., a curved can- 
nula for plugging the posterior nares for nose- 
bleed. perfusion c., a double tube for running 
a continuous flow of liquid into and out of a cavity 
of the body. Soresi c., a double-cylindered instru- 
ment for vein-to-vein or artery-to-vein anastomo- 
sis. Trendelenburg's c., a cannula covered 
with a dilatable rubber bag: used for closing the 
trachea to prevent the entrance of blood after 
tracheotomy, washout c., a cannula attached 
to a manometer and inserted into a blood-vessel 
so that the connection between the artery and the 
manometer can be washed out in long observations. 
canon (kan'un). The metatarsal and metacarpal 
region of horses and cattle, c. bone, the meta- 
carpal or metatarsal bone of horses and cattle. 
can-poisoning (kan). Poisoning from the eating 
of canned or tinned foods. 
Canquoin's paste (kahn-kwahnz') [Alexander 
Canquoin, French physician, 1795-1881]. See un- 
der paste. 
Cantani's diet, serum, treatment (kahn-tah'- 
nez) [Arnoldo Cantani, Italian physician, 1837- 
1893]. See diet, serum, treatment. 
canthal (kan'thal). Pertaining to a canthus. 
canthariasis (kan-thar-i'as-is) [Gr. KavOapos 
beetle]. The presence of larvae of beetles in the 
body. 
cantharidal (kan-thar'id-al). Containing or per- 
taining to cantharides. 
cantharidate (kan-thar'id-at). Any salt of can- 
tharidic acid. 
cantharides (kan-thar'id-ez) [L. pl. of can'tharis]. 
Spanish flies. See Cantharis. 
cantharidin (kan-thar'id-in). The most impor- 
tant active principle, the lactone of cantharadinic 
acid; C10H12O4. It occurs in crystalline form, has 
a bitter taste, and produces blistering of the skin. 
cantharidism (kan-tha/id-izm). A diseased con- 
dition induced by the misuse of cantharides. 
Cantharis (kan'thar-is), pl. cantha/ides [L.; Gr. 
KavOapos beetle], 1. A genus of beetles. 2. The 
blistering or Spanish fly, Can'tharis vesicato'ria. 
Cantharides are applied externally as powerful 
rubefacient and blistering agents; in moderate 
internal doses they are diuretic and stimulant to 
the urinary and reproductive organs: they are 
highly poisonous in large doses. Dose of the 
tincture, 1-20 min. (0.066-1.333 c.c.). 
canthectomy (kan-thek'to-me) [Gr. KavObs canthus 
* + eKTop-q excision]. Surgical removal of a can- 
thus. 
canthitis (kan-thi'tis). Inflammation of a can- 
thus or of the canthi. 
cantholysis (kan-thol'is-is) [Gr. KavOos canthus 
+ Xvtris a loosening]. Surgical division of the 
canthus of an eye or of a canthal ligament. 
canthoplasty (kan'tho-plas-te) [Gr. KavObs canthus 
+ nXbaaeiv to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
palpebral fissure, especially the section of a can- 
thus to lengthen said fissure; also the surgical 
restoration of a defective canthus (Ammon), pro- 
visional C., canthotomy when performed as a 
temporary expedient or for the relief of blepharo- 
spasm. 
canthorrhaphy (kan-thor'af-e) [Gr. KauObs canthus 
+ paw suture]. The suturation of the palpe- 
bral fissure at either canthus. 
canthotomy (kan-thot'o-me) [canthus + Gr. 
repveiv to cut]. Surgical division of the outer 
canthus. 
canthus (kan'thus), pl. can'thi [L.; Gr. KavObs}. 
The angle at either end of the slit between the 
eyelids: the canthi are distinguished as an outer 
or temporal and inner or nasal. 
cantus galli (kan'tus gal'i) [L. "cock-crowing"]. 
Laryngismus stridulus. 
canula (kan'u-lah). See cannula. 
Canutillo (kan-u-tel'yo) [Sp.]. Ephedra anti- 
syphilitica. 
CaO. Calcium oxid. 
CaOC. Cathodal opening contraction. 
Ca(OH>2. Calcium hydroxid. 
caoutchouc (koo'chook) [Fr.]. Gum-elastic or 
india-rubber; the concrete juice of various trees 
and plants, such as Sipho'nia elas'lica, etc. It is 
a hydrocarbon, CjoH^, soluble in chloroform, 
ether, and carbon disulphid. 
Cap. Abbreviation for L. ca'piat, let him take. 
cap (kap). See capping, enamel c., the enamel 
organ after it covers the top of the growing tooth 
papilla, pyloric c. See pilleus ventriculi. 
capacity (kap-as'it-e) [L. capa'citas, from ca'pere 
to take]. 1. Power or ability to hold, retain, or 
contain; ability to absorb; cubic extent. 2. Men- 
tal ability to receive, accomplish, endure, or un- 
derstand. heat c., thermal capacity, respira- 
tory c. 1. The capability of the blood to absorb 
oxygen from the lungs and carbon dioxid from the 
tissues. 2. The space within the lungs for the nor- 
mal reception of air. thermal c., the amount of 
heat absorbed by a body in beinc raised from 150 
to 16° C. in temperature, vital c., the number 
of cubic inches of air a person can forcibly expire 
after a full inspiration. 
capelet, capulet (kap'el-et, kap'u-let) [L. capdle'- 
tum], A swelling on the point of a horse's hock 
or on his elbow. 
capeline (kap'e-lin) [Fr.]. A cap-shaped bandage 
for the head or for the stump of an amputated 
limb. 
capiat (ka'pe-at) [L. "let it take"]. An instrument 
for removing foreign bodies from a cavity, as of 
the uterus. CAPILLAI RE 
209 
CAPSULE 
capillaire (kap-il-aiF) [Fr.; L. capilia'ris}. The 
maidenhair fern, Adian'tum capil'lus-ven'eris: also 
a demulcent bechic syrup originally prepared from 
that fern. 
capillarectasia (kap"il-ar-ek-ta'se-ah) [L. capil- 
la'ria capillaries + Gr. eKraats distention]. Dila- 
tation of capillaries. 
capillariomotor (kap-il-a"re-o-mo'tor). Pertain- 
ing to the functional activity of the capillaries. 
capillaritis (kap-il-ar-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
capillaries. 
capillaroscopy (kap-il-ar-os'ko-pe) [capillaries + 
Gr. vKoirelv to examine]. Diagnostic examination 
of the capillaries. 
capillary (kap'il-a-re) [L. capilla'ris hair-like]. 
1. Pertaining to or resembling a hair. 2. Any 
one of the minute vessels which connect the arte- 
rioles and the venules, forming a network in nearly 
all parts of the body. The walls of the capillaries 
consist of a single layer of epithelial cells. Through 
these walls the nutriment and oxygen of the blood 
pass to the tissues and the tissues discharge their 
waste into the blood. lymph-c's, the most 
minute branchlets of the lymph-vessels. Meigs' 
c., capillaries in the heart muscle. 
capilliculture (kap-il'e-kul-tur) [L. capil'lus hair + 
cultu'ra culture]. Treatment for the cure of bald- 
ness or the preservation of the hair. 
capillin (kap-il'in). A preparation of tannin, 
chloral, and resorcinol: used for seborrhea. 
capillitium (kap-il-ish'e-um) [L. "head of hair"]. 
The interlacing, filamentous structure which, with 
the spores, fills the spore-case of myxomycetes. 
capillomotor (kap-il-o-mo'tor). Capillariomotor. 
capillus (kap-il'us), pl. capil'li [L. "hair"] [B N A]. 
A hair. 
capistration (kap-is-tra'shun). Phimosis. 
capital (kap'it-al). Of the highest importance; 
involving danger to life, as, a capital operation. 
capitate (kap'it-at) [L. cap'ul head]. Head shaped, 
capitellum (kap-it-erum) [L. dim. of ca'put head]. 
An eminence on the distal end of the humerus, 
articulating with the radius. 
capitonnage (kap-it-o-nazh'). The operation of 
closing a cyst cavity by applying sutures in such 
a way as to cause approximation of the opposing 
surfaces of the cavity. 
capitulum (kap-it'u-lum) [dim. of ca'put head]. 
A small head, or small, bony, articular eminence, 
c. cos tae [BNA], the head of a rib. c. fibulae 
[B N A], the head of the fibula. C. hu'meri 
[B N A], the capitellum. c. mallei [B N A], the 
head of the malleus, c. mandib'ulae [B N A], 
the head of the mandible, c. ra'dii [B N A], the 
head of the radius, c. sta pedis [B N A], the 
head of the stapes, c. ul'nae [B N A], the head of 
the ulna. 
Ca3(PO4)2. Tricalcic phosphate. 
capotement (kah-pot-maw/) [Fr.]. A splashing 
sound heard in the dilated stomach. 
cappa (kap'ah). A superficial layer of gray mat- 
ter of the quadrigeminal body, situated just be- 
neath the expansion of the optic tracts. 
capping (kap'ing). 1. The operation of covering 
the exposed pulp of a tooth with a cap containing 
an antiseptic paste or with cement. 2. The sub- 
stance or structure placed over an exposed pulp. 
caprate (kap'rat). Any salt of capric acid. 
caprenalin (kap-re-nal'in). A proprietary prep- 
aration from suprarenal capsules: used as a hemo- 
static, astringent, and cardiac stimulant. 
capreolary, capreolate (kap're-o-la-re, kap're- 
o-lat). Tendril-shaped, like the spermatic ves- 
sels. 
capric acid (kap'rik). See under acid. 
capriloquism (kap-ril'o-kwizm) [L. ca'per goat + 
lo'qui to speak]. Egophony. 
caprin (kap'rin). i. Any one of the caprates of gly- 
ceryl, especially the glyceryl tricaprate, or tri- 
caprin, C3H5[CH3(CH2)8COO]3, from ordinary but- 
ter. 2. Glycoleucin. 
caprizant (kap'ri-zant) [L. cap'rizans, from ca'per 
a goat]. Leaping or bounding like a goat. See 
pulse. 
caproate (kap'ro-at). Any salt of caproic acid, 
caproic acid (kap-ro'ik). See under acid. 
caproin (kap-ro'in). Any caproate of glyceryl, 
especially the tricaproate, C3H5(O8H13O2)3, called 
also tricaproin: it occurs in butter. 
caprone (kap'ron). A volatile oil, CnH22O, de- 
rivable from butter. 
caproyl (kap-ro'il). The hydrocarbon radical, Ce- 
Hi3; hexyl. 
caproylamin (kap"ro-il-am'in). A poisonous 
ptomain, CHsfCHahNLL, or hexy lamin, from 
spoiled yeast and rancid cod-liver oil. 
caprylate (kap'ril-at). Any salt of caprylic acid. 
caprylic acid (kap-ril'ik). See acid. 
caprylin (kap'ril-in). Any caprylate of glyceryl, 
especially the tricaprylate: called also tricapry- 
lin, C3H8(C7H16CO2)3. 
capsaicin (kap-sa'is-in). A crystalline principle, 
C18H27NO3, from capsicum: it is a strong irri- 
tant. 
capsicin (kap'sis-in). 1. An acrid resin found in 
capsicum berries. Dose, gr. (0.008-0.016 gm.). 
2. The camphor of capsicum. 3. A volatile alka- 
loid of capsicum. 
capsicol (kap'sik-ol). The volatile oil of capsicum. 
Capsicum (kap'sik-um) [L.]. A genus of solana- 
ceous plants of various species; Cayenne or red 
pepper. The dried fruit of C. frutes'cens is a 
rubefacient and local stimulant, used in neuralgia 
and rheumatism, as a gargle in tonsillitis and 
diphtheria, and internally in delirium tremens, 
dyspepsia, and malaria. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3- 
0.65 gm.); of the fluidextract, 1-2 min. (0.06- 
0.13 c.c.); of the oleoresin, 1 min. (0.065 c.c.); of 
the tincture, 1 dr. (4 c.c.). 
capsitis (kap-si'tis). Inflammation of the capsule 
of the crystalline lens. 
capsolin (kap'so-lin). A counterirritant prepara- 
tion of capsicum, camphor, oil of turpentine, caju- 
put, and croton oil. 
capsotomy (kap-sot'o-me). Same as capsulotomy. 
Capsul. Abbreviation for L. cap'sula, capsule, 
capsula (kap'su-lah) [L.]. The internal capsule. 
c. adipo sa [B N A], the adipose capsule, c. 
articula'ris [B N A], a joint capsule, c. ex- 
ter'na [B N A], external capsule, c. fibro'sa 
hep'atis [B N A], Glisson's capsule. C. glomer'- 
uli [B N A], Bowman's capsule, c. inter'na 
[B N A], internal capsule, c. len'tis [B N A], 
crystalline capsule, c. nu'clei denta'ti [B N A], 
the layer of gray matter surrounding the white 
substance of the dentate nucleus. 
capsular (kap'su-lar). Pertaining to a capsule. 
capsulation (kap-su-la'shun). The inclosure of 
a medicine in a capsule. 
capsule (kap'sul) [L. cap'sula a little box]. 1. Any 
capsular ligament. 2. A soluble case for inclosing 
a dose of medicine. 3. Any fibrous or membranous 
envelop, as of the spleen or kidney, adherent c., 
the condition in which the capsule of a tumor is not 
readily separated from the tumor, adipose c., the 
sheath of fat which surrounds and supports the 
kidney; the perirenal fat. anterior c., that part 
of the capsule of the lens which covers its anterior 
surface, atrabiliary c's, the suprarenal bodies, 
auditory c., the cartilaginous capsule of the em- 
bryo which is developed into the external ear. 
Bonnet's C., the posterior part of the sheath of 
the eyeball. Bowman's c., the globular dilata- 
tion which forms the beginning of a uriniferous 
tubule within the kidney, c's of the brain. CAPSULECTOMY 
210 
CARBOHYDRATURIA 
layers of white matter in the cerebrum. The 
internal c. consists chiefly of fibers extending up 
from the crura cerebri and lying internal to 
the lenticular nucleus; the external c. lies between 
the lenticular nucleus and the claustrum. car- 
tilaginous C., any cavity in the matrix of 
a cartilage which contains cartilage-cells, crys- 
talline c., the capsule of the eye-lens, devora- 
tive c., a soluble capsule for containing a single 
dose of medicine, external c., the layer of white 
fibers lying extrad to the lenticular nucleus. Ge- 
ro ta's c., the perirenal fascia. Glisson's c., 
the sheath of connective tissue which envelops 
the hepatic artery and duct and the portal vein, 
internal c., a tract of nerve-fibers situated intrad 
to the lenticular nucleus, joint c., a fibrous sac, 
lined with synovial membrane, inclosing a joint, 
c. of the lens, a transparent sac which incloses the 
eye-lens, malpighian c. Same as Bowman's c. 
miillerianc. Same as Bowman's c. nasal c., a 
cartilaginous embryonic pouch whence the nose is 
developed, ocular c., Tenon's capsule, optic 
C., the embryonic structure whence the sclera is de- 
veloped. perinephric c., the sac or sheath of 
fascia investing the kidney, periotic C., the 
tissue surrounding the auditory sacs in the embryo, 
posterior c., that part of the lens-capsule which 
' covers its posterior surface, suprarenal c., a 
small organ in front of the upper part of either 
kidney, synovial c., an articular synovial mem- 
brane. Tenon's c., the fibrous sheath that en- 
velops either eyeball and forms its socket. 
capsulectomy (kap-su-lek'to-me) [L. cap'sula, cap- 
sule + Gr. cKropf] excision]. Excision of a cap- 
sule, especially a joint capsule. 
capsulitis (kap-su-li'tis). The inflammation of a 
capsule, as that of the lens, hepatic c., peri- 
hepatitis. c. of the labyrinth, otosclerosis. 
capsulolenticular (kap"su-lo-len-tik'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the lens of the eye and its capsule. 
capsulorrhaphy (kap-su-lor'af-e) [capsule + 
Gr. patpn suture]. Suture of a capsule, especially 
a joint capsule. 
capsulotome (kap-su'lo-tom). A cutting-instru- 
ment used for incising the capsule of the lens. 
capsulotomy (kap-su-lot'o-me) [capsule + Gr 
T<tpv&.v to cut]. The slitting of a capsule, espe- 
cially of that of the eye, as in cataract operation. 
captation (kap-ta'shun) [L. capta'tio seizure]. The 
first stage of hypnotism. 
captivitosis (kap-tiv-it-o'sis). A peculiar psychic 
condition observed in prisoners of war. 
captol (kap'tol) [L. cap'ut head + o'leum oil]. 
Tannochloral; a brown, hygroscopic powder pre- 
pared from tannic acid and chloral. It is an anti- 
septic and astringent: used in scalp diseases. 
caput (ka'put), pl. capita. [L.]. Any head or head- 
fike structure. C. co'li, the cecum, or head of 
the colon, c. cor'nu, the expanded continuation 
of the dorsal horn of gray matter in the spinal 
cord. c. fem'oris [B N A], the head of the 
femur, c. gallinag'inis [L. for "woodcock's 
head"], the verumontanum. c. gelatino'sum. 
Same as c. cornu. C. hu'meri [BNA], the head 
of the humerus, c. incunea'tum, impaction of 
the fetal head during labor, c. medu sae, a pe- 
culiar appearance due to dilatation from stasis of 
the cutaneous veins around the navel: seen mainly 
in the newborn and in patients suffering with cir- 
rhosis of the liver, c. nu'clei cauda'ti [B N A], 
the anterior end of the caudate nucleus. C. ob'- 
stipum, torticollis, or wry-neck. c. proge'- 
neum, forward projection of the jaw. c. quad- 
ra'tum, the flattened, triangular head of rickets, 
c. succeda'neum, a swelling formed on the pre- 
senting part of the fetus during labor, c. ta'li 
[B N A], the anterior part of the astragalus. 
caraate (kah-rah-aht'a). Mal de los pintos. 
Carabelli tubercle (kah-rah-bel'e) [Georg C. 
Carabelli, dentist in Vienna, 1787-1842]. See under 
tubercle. 
caragheen (kar-ah-ghen'). See Chondrus. 
caramel (kar'ah-mel). Burnt sugar; a thick, dark- 
brown liquid, a concentrated solution of a substance 
formed by heating sugar with an alkali: used as a 
coloring and flavoring agent. 
caranna (kar-an'ah). A resin from various trees 
of tropical America: now little used in medicine. 
Carapa guianensis (kar'a-pah gwe-an-en'sis). A 
meliaceous tree of tropical America: its bark is 
an antispasmodic febrifuge: its seeds afford a 
fixed oil, considered to be an insecticide. 
carapato disease (kar-ah-pah'to). See under 
disease. 
carapatos (kar-ap-at'os). Ornithodorus moubata. 
caraway (kar'ah-wa). The umbelliferous plant 
Ca'rum ca'rui; also its fruit or seed, which is 
aromatic, stimulant, and carminative. C. oil, the 
volatile oil of the fruit of caraway. Dose, i-io 
min. (0.06-0.65 c.c.). C. water, a mild car- 
minative preparation of caraway oil. Dose, 1 dr. 
(4 c.c.). 
carbamate (kar'bam-at). Any salt of carbamic 
acid. 
carbamid (kar-bam'id). Urea. 
carbamino carboxylic acid. See carbamino 
reaction, under reaction. 
carbasus (kar'bas-us) [L.; Gr. Kap^aaa cotton]. 1. 
An old name for lint, charpie, or cotton. 2. Canvas 
or surgical gauze. c. carbola'ta, carbolized 
gauze, c. iodo forma'ta, iodoform gauze. 
carbazid, carbazide (kar'baz-id). A urea deriva- 
tive, carbodiazid, CO(Ns)2, in which both the amid 
groups of urea have been replaced by hydrazin 
residues. 
carbazotate (kar-baz'o-tat). Any salt of picric 
acid: a picrate. 
carbenzol (kar-ben'zol). A distillate from mineral 
oils: used in parasitic skin eruptions. 
carbenzym (kar-ben'zim). A preparation of vege- 
table charcoal and trypsin, used for its disinte- 
grating action on dead tissue in tuberculous fis- 
tula: and joints; also in gastro-intestinal fermen- 
tation. 
carbid, carbide (kar'bid). A compound of carbon 
with an element or radical, metallic c., a com- 
pound of carbon with a metal. 
carbinol (kar'bin-ol). 1. Methyl alcohol. 2. Any 
aromatic or fatty alcohol formed by substituting 
one, two, or three hydrocarbon groups for hydrogen 
in the methyl radical. 
Carbo (kar'bo) [L. for "charcoal"]. Charcoal. C. 
anima'lis, a variety prepared from bones and 
other animal matter: a decolorizing agent. C. 
anima'lis purifica'tus, purified animal char- 
coal. C. lig'ni, wood charcoal: deodorant, ab- 
sorbent, and disinfectant. Dose, 1-2 dr. (4-8 
gm.). 
carbocyclic (kar-bo-sik'lik). See closed chain, 
under chain. 
carbodiimid (kar-bo-di-im'id). NH : C : NH, a 
derivative of urea. 
carbohemia, carbohsemia (kar-bo-he'me-ah) 
[carbon dioxid + Gr. al pa. blood]. Imperfect 
oxidation of the blood. 
carbohemoglobin (kar"bo-hem-o-glo'bin). Hemo- 
globin compounded with carbon dioxid. 
carbohydrate (kar-bo-hi'drat). An aldehyd or 
ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, par- 
ticularly of the penta- and hexa-hydric alcohols. 
They are so named because the hydrogen and 
oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, 
(CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are 
the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They 
are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, and polysac- 
charids. 
carbohydraturia (kar"bo-hi"dra-tu're-ah). Ex- 
cess of carbohydrates in the urine. CARBOLATE 
211 
CARCINOMA 
carbolate (kar'bo-lat). 1. Any salt of carbolic 
acid. 2. To charge with carbolic acid. 
carbolfuchsin (kar-bol-fook'sin). A histologic 
staining-fluid made by dissolving 1 part of fuch- 
sin in 10 parts of alcohol, and adding 90 parts of 
5 per cent, aqueous solution of carbolic acid. 
carbolic acid (kar-bol'ik). See acid. 
carbolism (kar'bol-izm). Carbolic-acid poisoning, 
carbolize (kar'bol-iz). To treat with carbolic acid, 
carbollysoform (kar-bol-li'so-form). A 3 per cent. 
solution of phenol in lysoform. 
carboluria (kar-bo-lu're-ah) [carbolic 4- Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of carbolic acid in the urine. 
carbolxylene (kar-bol-zi'len). A mixture of 1 part 
of carbolic acid and 3 parts of xylene: used for 
clearing microscopic sections. 
carbometer (kar-bom'et-er). An instrument used 
in determining the proportion of carbon dioxid 
present. 
carbometry (kar-bom'et-re). Carbonometry. 
carbon (kaffbon) [L. cap bo, carbo'nium]. A non- 
metallic tetrad element, found nearly pure in the 
diamond, and approximately pure in charcoal, 
graphite, and anthracite: symbol, C; atomic weight, 
12. c. dioxid, CO2, carbonic acid gas; with 
water it forms carbonic acid: when breathed nearly 
pure it causes death, either by a kind of drowning, 
or perhaps by the poisonous effects of the carbon 
monoxid which may be present. The gas has been 
used, in whooping-cough and dysentery by injec- 
tion into the rectum. In the form of carbon dioxid 
snow (which see under snow) it is used in treat- 
ing skin diseases., c. disulphid, a poisonous 
liquid, CS2, a counterirritant and local anesthetic: 
valuable as a solvent. Dose, |-i min. (0.033- 
0.066 c.c.). c. monoxid, a colorless and very 
poisonous gas, CO, formed by burning carbon 
with a scanty supply of oxygen. It is of great im- 
portance as a deoxidizer in metallurgy and the 
industrial arts. c. oxysulphid, a colorless gas, 
COS, uniting with air to form an explosive mixture, 
c. tetrachlorid, a colorless, oily liquid, CCh: 
used as an anesthetic and also as an anthelmintic 
in hookworm infection, c. trichlorid, a white 
solid, hexachlorethan, CaCk: a stimulant and 
local anesthetic. 
carbonate (kaffbon-at). Any salt of carbonic acid, 
carbonemia (kar-bon-e'me-ah) [carbon + Gr. 
al pa blood]. The presence of carbon dioxid in 
the blood. 
carboneol (kar-bo'ne-ol). A black liquid obtained 
by dissolving coal-tar in carbon tetrachlorid: used 
in skin diseases. 
carbonic acid (kar-bon'ik). See acid. 
carbonize (kar'bon-iz). To char, or convert into 
charcoal. 
carbonol (kaFho-nol). A proprietary antiseptic 
and deodorant. 
carbonometer (kar-bo-nom'et-er). An apparatus 
for performing carbonometry. 
carbonometry (kar-bon-om'et-re) [carbon + Gr. 
perpov measure]. Measurement of the amount 
of carbon dioxid exhaled with the breath. 
carbonyl (kar'bo-nil) [L. cap bo coal + Gr. vXq 
matter], .The hypothetic organic radical : C : O. 
C. chlor id. See phosgene. 
carborundum (kar-bo-run'dum). A compound 
of carbon and silicon, silicon carbid, SiC, a sub- 
stance which ranks next to the diamond in hard- 
ness. 
carbosant (kar'bo-sant). The carbonic acid ester 
of santalol, C15H23.O.CO.O.C15H23: used for the 
internal treatment of gonorrhea. 
carbosapol (kar-bo-sa'pol). A carbolated soap; 
a strong disinfectant made of phenol, 50 parts; 
yellow soda soap and soft potash soap, each, 25 
parts. 
Carbostyril (kar-bo-stir'il). Same as oxyquinolin. 
carboterpin (kar-bo-ter'pin). A solution of coal- 
tar in terpinol: used in psoriasis. 
carboxyhemoglobin (kar-boks"e-hem-o-glo'bin). 
A combination of carbon monoxid and hemoglobin 
found in the blood after poisoning by carbon 
monoxid. It cannot be replaced by oxygen, and 
therefore checks the oxidizing function of the red 
blood-corpuscles. 
carboxyhemoglobinemia (kar-boks"e-hem-o-glo- 
bin-e'me-ah) [carboxyhemoglobin + Gr. aqua blood], 
A condition in which some of the oxygen of the 
hemoglobin of the red corpuscles is combined with 
carbon monoxid; carbon monoxid poisoning. 
carboxyl (kar-bok'sil). The radical, or group, 
-COOH, occurring in nearly all organic acids. 
carboxylase (kar-bok'il-as). An enzyme that re- 
moves CO2 from compounds. 
carbromal (kar-bro'mal). Adalin. 
carbuncle (kar'bung-kl) [L. carbun' cuius little 
coal]. 1. An inflammation of the subcutaneous 
tissue, terminating in a slough and in suppura- 
tion, and accompanied by marked constitutional 
symptoms. The swelling is at first covered by 
a tight, reddened skin, which later becomes thin 
and perforated by a number of openings dis- 
charging pus. This mass finally sloughs away, 
leaving an ulcerated excavation. 2. A whelk or 
lump on the face, malignant c., malignant an- 
thrax in man. See under anthrax. 
carbuncular (kar-bung'ku-lar). Resembling or 
of the nature of a carbuncle. 
carbunculosis (kar-bung-ku-lo'sis). A condition 
marked by the development of carbuncles. 
carbylamin (kar-bil-am'in). See isocyanid. 
Carcassonne's ligament (kar-kas-onz') [Bernard 
Gauderic Carcassonne, French surgeon, born 1728]. 
See under ligament. 
carciag (kar'se-ag). A disease of sheep in the Bal- 
kan States caused by Babesia (Piroplasma) ovis 
and transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus bursa. 
carcinelcosis (kar"sin-el-ko'sis) [Gr. Kapnivos can- 
cer + eXxwais ulceration]. Malignant or cancer- 
ous ulceration. 
carcinemia (kar-sin-e'me-ah) [carcinoma + Gr. 
alpa blood]. Cancerous cachexia. See cachexia. 
carcinogenesis (kar"sin-o-jen'es-is| [Gr. Kapeivos 
cancer + production]. The production of 
cancer. 
carcinoid (kar'sin-oid). A carcinoma having be- 
nign clinical symptoms. 
carcinolytic (kar"sin-o-lit'ik) [carcinoma + Gr. 
Xutikos destroying]. Destroying cancer cells. 
carcinoma (kar-sin-o'mah), pl. car cino'mala [Gr. 
KapKivupa, from KapKivos crab, cancer]. A malig- 
nant tumor or cancer; a new-growth made up of 
epithelial cells tending to infiltrate and give rise 
to metastases, acinous c., carcinoma having an 
acinous structure, and including encephaloid and 
scirrhus. acute c., encephaloid, or soft cancer. 
See cancer, alveolar c., colloid carcinoma, basal- 
celled c., c. basocellula're, carcinoma de- 
veloping from the cells of the deepest layer of the 
superficial epithelium and retaining the character 
of those cells, chronic c., scirrhus or hard 
cancer. See scirrhus. colloid c., carcinoma 
in which the cells have undergone colloid de- 
generation. Called also gelatiniform c. cyl- 
indr ic c., carcinoma in which the cells are 
cylindric or nearly so. encephaloid c., cancer of 
a soft, brain-like structure, resembling scirrhous 
carcinoma, but having less connective tissue, larger 
alveoli, and more cells, epibulbar c., a carcinoma 
which starts at the edge of the cornea and spreads 
over the cornea and conjunctiva, epidermoid 
C., carcinoma in which the cells tend to differenti- 
ate in the same way that the cells of the epidermis 
do, that is, they tend to form prickle cells and 
undergo cornification, epithelial c. See epi- 
thelioma. c. epithelia'le adenoi'des, car- CARCINOMATOID 
212 
CARDIOGRAM 
cinoma forming in epithelial surfaces, but made 
up of adenoid or gland-like forms, erectile 
c., an encephaloid containing many blood- 
vessels: called also hematoid c. c. ex ul'cere, 
carcinoma of the stomach developed from simple 
ulcer, gelatiniform c. See colloid c. gland- 
ular C., carcinoma in which the cells are of the 
glandular or secreting type, hair-matrix c., 
basal-celled carcinoma. hematoid c. See 
erectile c. lenticular c., c. lenticulare, 
scirrhous carcinoma of the skin with the forma- 
tion of flattened papules and nodules which run 
together, forming fungoid masses, lipomat- 
ous C., carcinoma containing much fat. C. 
mastitoi'des, a rapidly growing variety of 
breast cancer which, by setting up violent irrita- 
tion, produces a round-cell infiltration resembling 
mastitis. Called also mastitis carcinosa. me- 
lanotic c., c. melano'des, encephaloid car- 
cinoma which is blackened with melanin, os- 
teoid c., carcinoma in which there is deposit 
of bone, periportal c., cancer of the liver, 
extending along and around the portal vessels, 
pultaceous c., encephaloid carcinoma whose 
alveoli have thick walls and a pulpy juice, scir- 
rhous C., carcinoma with a hard structure com- 
posed of connective-tissue alveoli filled with masses 
of cells which have no vessels or interstitial sub- 
stance: called also chronic c. and hard c. sola- 
noid c., one having the consistence of raw potato, 
squamous c., carcinoma developed from squa- 
mous epithelium, and having cuboid cells, tuber- 
ous c., c. tubero'sum, scirrhous carcinoma of 
the skin with the formation of nodular-projections, 
carcinomatoid (kar-sin-om'at-oid). Resembling 
carcinoma. 
carcinomatophobia (kar-sin-o"mat-o-fo'be-ah). 
Morbid dread of becoming affected with carcinoma. 
carcinomatosis (kar-sin-o-ma-to'sis). The con- 
dition of being affected with carcinoma. 
carcinomatous (kar-sin-om'at-us). Pertaining to 
or of the nature of cancer; malignant. 
carcinomelcosis (kar"sin-o-mel-ko'sis) [Gr. kopkI- 
vupa cancer 4- iXKuats ulceration]. A malignant 
or cancerous ulceration. 
carcinosarcoma (kar"sin-o-sar-ko'mah). A con- 
dition of combined carcinoma and sarcoma. 
carcinosis (kfir-sin-o'sis). i. A cancerous diathe- 
sis; tendency to the development of cancer. 2. 
A cancer or malignant tumor, miliary c., a 
form of carcinosis marked by the development of 
numerous nodules resembling miliary tubercles, 
c. plu'rse, secondary cancer of the pleura in 
which the membrane is studded with nodules. 
carcinous (kar'sin-us). Cancerous. 
carcoma (kar-ko'mah) [Spanish for the wood dust 
formed under the bark of trees]. Dark reddish- 
brown, granular matter occurring in the feces in 
tropical countries. 
cardamom (kar'dam-om) [L. cardamo'mum; Gr. 
KapSapupov]. The fruit of Eletta'ria re'pens, a 
plant of tropical Asia; a warm aromatic and 
carminative: used in colic and as a stomach 
tonic. Dose of the infusion, i fl.oz. (30 c.c.); 
of tincture or compound tincture, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 
c.c.); of aromatic powder, 10 gr. (0.6 gm.). 
Cardarelli's sign or symptom (kar-dar-el'ez) 
[Antonio Cardarelli, contemporary Italian physi- 
cian], See under sign. 
Carden's amputation (kar'denz) [Henry Douglas 
Carden, English surgeon, died 1872]. See under 
amputation. 
cardia (kar'de-ah) [Gr. KapSla heart]. The cardiac 
or esophageal orifice of the stomach. 
cardiac (kar'de-ak) [L. cardi'acus, from Gr. KapSc- 
axos]. 1. Pertaining to the heart. 2. A cordial, 
or restorative medicine. 
cardiagra (kar-de-ag'rah) [Gr. KapSla heart 4- ay pa 
seizure]. Gout or pain of the heart. 
cardialgia (kar-de-al'je-ah) [Gr. KapSla heart -p 
aXyos pain]. An uneasy or painful sensation in 
the stomach; heartburn. 
cardialgic (kar-de-al'jik). Pertaining to or affected 
with cardialgia. 
cardiameter (kar-de-am'et-er) [cardia 4- Gr. 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for determining 
the position of the cardia by measuring the dis- 
tance between the former and the incisor teeth. 
cardiamorphia (kaP'de-am-oPfe-ah) [Gr. Kap8ia 
heart + a not 4- pop^ri form]. Deformity or 
malformation of the heart. 
cardianastrophe (kar"de-an-as'tro-fe) [Gr. Kap8ia 
heart + avaarpcnp-q reversal of position]. Congen- 
ital dislocation of the heart to the right side. 
cardianesthesia (kar"de-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
Kap^ta heart -|~ auacadriaia anesthesia]. Absence 
of sensation in the heart. 
cardianeuria (kar-de-an-u're-ah) [Gr. KapSia heart 
4- Uvevpos without nerves]. Deficiency of tone in 
the heart. 
cardiant (kar'de-ant). A drug or agent stimulat- 
ing the heart. 
cardiasthenia (kar"de-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. KapSia 
heart 4- aadeueia weakness]. Neurasthenic weak- 
ness of the heart. 
cardiataxia (kar"de-at-aks'e-ah) [Gr. KapSla heart 
■ 4- ataxia]. Incoordination in the movements 
of the heart. 
cardicentesis (kar-de-sen-te'sis). Same as car- 
diac entesis. 
cardiectasis (kar-de-ek'tas-is) [Gr. KapSia heart 4- 
eKraais dilatation]. Dilatation of the heart. 
cardiectomized (kar-de-ek'to-mizd). Having the 
heart removed. 
cardiectomy (kar-de-ek'to-me) [Gr. KapSla heart 
4- eKTopr) excision] Excision of the heart. 
Cardin (kar'din). An animal extract from ox's 
heart, prescribed in heart diseases. 
cardinal (kar'din-al) [L. cardina'lis, from car'do 
a hinge]. Of primary or preeminent importance. 
cardio- (kar'de-o-) [Gr. Kap^ia heart]. A prefix in- 
dicating relation to the heart. 
cardio-accelerator (kar"de-o-ak-sel'er-a-tor). 
Quickening the heart's action. 
cardio-aortic (kar"de-o-a-orTik). Pertaining to 
the heart and the aorta. 
cardio-arterial (kar"de-o-ar-te're-al). Pertain- 
ing to the heart and the aorta. 
cardiocele (kar'de-o-sel) [Gr. Kap8la heart 4- KrfKr) 
tumor]. Protrusion of the heart through a fis- 
sure of the diaphragm or through a wound. 
cardiocentesis (kar"de-o-sen-te'sis) [Gr. KapSla 
heart 4- Kevryais puncture]. Surgical puncture 
of the heart, designed to relieve its enlargement 
or for the injection of a medicine. 
cardiocirrhosis (kar"de-o-sir-o'sis) [Gr. KapSla 
heart 4- cirrhosis]. Cirrhosis of the liver associated 
with heart disease. See Hutind's disease, under 
disease. 
cardioclasis (kar-de-ok'las-is) [Gr. KapSla heart 4- 
xXaais break]. Rupture of the heart. 
cardiodilator (kar"de-o-di'la-tor). An instrument 
for dilating the cardia in cardiospasm or stricture. 
cardiodynamics (kar"de-o-di-nam'iks) [Gr. KapSla 
heart 4- dynamics]. The science of the motions 
and forces involved in the heart's action. 
cardiodynia (kar"de-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. KapSla heart 
4- oSiivr) pain]. Pain in the heart. 
cardiogenic (kar"de-o-jen'ik) [Gr. KapSla heart 
4- yevvav to produce]. Originating in the heart 
itself. 
cardiogram (kar'de-o-gram) [Gr. KapSla heart 4- 
ypappa mark], A tracing produced by means of 
the cardiograph, esophageal c., a tracing of 
the contractions of the left auricle of the heart 
made by registering the pulsations of a column of 
air in a stomach-tube, negative C., a cardio- CARDIOGRAPH 
213 
CARDOL 
gram in which the curve falls below the abscissa 
instead of rising above it. 
Cardiograph (kaPde-o-graQ [Gr. naphta heart + 
ypa<peiv to write]. An instrument placed over 
the heart to indicate the force and form of the 
heart's movements. 
cardiographic (kar-de-o-graf'ik). Of, or relating 
to, cardiography. 
cardiohepatic (kaF'de-o-he-pat'ik). Pertaining 
to the heart and the liver. 
cardio-inhibitory (kar"de-o-in-hib'it-o-re). Re- 
straining or inhibiting the movements of the 
heart. 
cardiokinetic (kar"de-o-kin-et'ik). 1. Exciting 
the heart. 2. A remedy that excites the heart. 
cardiolith (ka/de-o-lith) [Gr. naphta heart + XtOos 
stone]. A concretion or calculus within the heart. 
cardiology (kar-de-ol'o-je) [Gr. naphta heart + 
X6yos treatise]. The study of the heart and its 
functions. 
cardiolysin (kar-de-ol'is-in). A cytotoxin which 
acts on heart muscle. 
cardiolysis (kar-de-ol'is-is) [Gr. naphta heart + 
Xuats loosening]. An operation of freeing the 
pericardium from its adhesion to the sternal peri- 
osteum in adhesive mediastinopericarditis. It is 
done by resecting the ribs and the sternum over 
the pericardium. 
cardiomalacia (kar"de-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. nap- 
hta heart + paXanta softness]. Morbid softening 
of the muscular substance of the heart. 
cardiomegaly (kar"de-o-meg'-al-e) [Gr. naphta 
heart + peyas large]. Cardiac hypertrophy. 
cardiomelanosis (kar"de-o-mel-an-o'sis). Mela- 
nosis of the heart. 
cardiometer (kar-de-om'e-ter) [Gr. naphta heart + 
perpov measure]. An instrument used in esti- 
mating the power of the heart's action. 
cardio me try (kar-de-om'et-re). The estimation 
of the force of the heart's action. 
cardiomotility (kar"de-o-mo-til'it-e). The move- 
ments of the heart; the motility of the heart. 
cardiomyoliposis (kar"de-o-mi-o-li-po'sis) [Gr. 
naphta heart + pus muscle + Xtiros fat]. Fatty 
degeneration of the heart muscle. 
cardionephric (kar"de-o-nef'rik). Pertaining to 
the heart and the kidney. 
car dione ural (kar"de-o-nu'ral). Pertaining to 
the heart and nervous system. 
Cardioneurosis (kar"de-o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. naphta 
heart + neurosis]. A functional nervous disorder 
narked by attacks of deranged cardiac action, such 
as palpitation and irregularity, a feeling of suffo- 
cation, hot flushes, and a sensation of impending 
trouble; called also pseudo-angina pectoris and 
cardiac neurasthenia. 
cardiopaludism (kar"de-o-pal'u-dizm) [Gr. naphta 
heart + paludism]. Heart disease due to malaria. 
It is marked by gallop-rhythm in the tricuspid 
area, intermittent heart action, dilatation of the 
right heart, and reduplication of the diastolic sound. 
cardiopath (kar'de-o-path). A person with heart 
disease. 
cardiopathia (kar-de-b-path'e-ah). Cardiopathy, 
cardiopathy (kar-de-op'ath-e) [Gr. naphta heart + 
iraOos suffering]. Any disorder or disease of the 
heart. In addition to heart disease of inflammatory 
origin there are arteriosclerotic cardiopathy, due to 
arterial sclerosis; fatty cardiopathy, due to growth of 
fatty tissue; nephropathic cardiopathy, due to kidney 
disease; thyreotoxic cardiopathy, due to thyroid in- 
toxication. 
cardiopericarditis (kar"de-o-per"e-kar-di'tis) [car- 
ditis 4- pericarditis]. Inflammation of the heart 
and pericardium together. 
cardiophobia (kar"de-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. naphta 
heart + tpo^os fear]. Morbid dread of heart dis- 
ease. 
cardiophone (kar'de-o-fon) [Gr. naphta heart + 
ipwv-q voice]. An instrument for making audible 
the sound of the heart muscle. 
cardioplasty (kar'de-o-plas-te) [cardia + Gr. 
TrXdaaeii' to form]. A plastic operation on the 
cardia for the relief of cardiospasm. 
cardioplegia (kar"de-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. naphta heart 
+ stroke], i. Paralysis of the heart. 2. Di- 
rect injury done to the heart, as by a blow. 
cardiopneumatic (kar"de-o-nu-mat'ik) [Gr. nap- 
hta heart + irveu/za breath]. Of or pertaining to 
the heart and respiration. 
cardiopneumograph (kar"de-o-nu'mo-graf) [Gr. 
naphta heart + irvevpa breath + ypaipeiv to 
record]. A machine which registers the cardio- 
pneumatic movements. 
cardioptosis (kar"de-op-to'sis) [Gr. naphta heart + 
irruais falling]. Downward displacement of the 
heart. Sometimes called Rummo's disease. 
cardiopulmonary (kar"de-o-pul'mon-a-re). Per- 
taining to the heart and lungs. 
cardiopuncture (kar"de-o-pungk'chur). Same as 
cardiocentesis. 
cardiopyloric (kar"de-o-pi-lor'ik). Pertaining to 
the cardia and the pylorus. 
cardiorenal (kar"de-o-re'nal). Pertaining to the 
heart and the kidney. 
cardiorrhaphy (kar-de-or'af-e) [Gr. naphta heart + 
pa<pr) suture]. The operation of suturing the 
neart muscle. 
cardiorrhexis (kar"de-o-reks'is) [Gr. naphta heart 
+ prints rupture]. Rupture of the heart. 
cardioschisis (kar-de-os'kis-is). The breaking up 
of adhesions between the heart and the chest-wall 
in adhesive pericarditis. 
cardiosclerosis (kar"de-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. naphta 
heart + anXt]pos hard]. Fibroid induration of 
the heart. 
cardioscope (kar'de-o-skop) [Gr. naphta heart + 
anoTreiv to examine]. 1. An instrument for in- 
specting the interior of the heart. 2. Same as 
cardiophone. 
cardiospasm (kar'de-o-spazm). Spasm of the 
cardiac sphincter of the stomach. 
cardiosphygmogram (kar"de-o-sfig'mo-gram). A 
tracing made by the cardiosphygmograph. 
cardiosphygmograph (kar"de-o-sfig'mo-graf). A 
combination of the cardiograph and sphygmograph 
for recording the movements of the heart and 
radial pulse. 
cardiosymphysis (kar"de-o-sim'fis-is) [Gr. naphta 
heart + avpipva is growing together]. Obliteration 
of the pericardial sac by adhesions. 
cardiotherapy (kar"de-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. naphta 
heart + Oepaireia treatment]. The treatment of 
heart diseases. 
cardiotomy (kar-de-ot'o-me) [Gr. naphta heart + 
co pi] cut]. 1. Incision of the heart. 2. The operation 
of cutting the cardia for stricture of the esophagus. 
cardio tonin (kar-de-o-to'nin). A combination of 
the active principle of convallaria . with caffein 
sodiobenzOate. 
cardiotoxic (kar"de-o-toks'ik). Poisonous to the 
heart. 
cardiovascular (kar"de-o-vas'ku-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the heart and blood-vessels. 
cardiovascular-renal (kar"de-o-vas"ku-lar-re'- 
nal). Pertaining to the heart, blood-vessels, and 
kidney. 
carditis (kar-di'tis) [Gr. naphta heart + -ins in- 
flammation], Inflammation of the heart. Sterges' 
C., a combination of endo- and pericarditis. 
car divalvulitis (kar"de-val-vu-h'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the heart valves. 
cardol (kar'dol). 1. An irritant and vesicating 
oil, C21H30O2, from the husks of the cashew-nut, 
the fruit of Anacar'dium occidenta'le. 2. Tri- CARDUUS BENEDICTUS 
214 
CAROTICOTYMPANIC 
bromsalol, CoHifOHjCOj.CeH.Br,: an intestinal 
antiseptic, hypnotic, and analgesic agent. Dose, 
8-30 gr. (0.5-2 gm.). 
Carduus benedic'tus (karMu-us). See Cnicus. 
careotrypanosis (ka"re-o-tri-pan-o'sis). See Cha- 
gas' disease, under disease. 
cargentos (kar-jen'tos). A black colloidal silver 
oxid: used as a local germicide in 5 to 50 per cent, 
solution. 
Cargile membrane (kar'gil) [Charles H. Cargile, 
American surgeon, born 1853]. See under mem- 
brane. 
caribi (kah-re'be). Epidemic gangrenous rectitis. 
See under rectitis. 
Carica (kar'ik-ah) [L. " fig "]. See papaw. 
caricin (kar'is-in). Same as papain. 
caricous (kar'ik-us) [L. ca/ica fig]. Shaped like 
or resembling a fig. 
caries (ka're-ez) [L. " rottenness "]. The molec- 
ular decay or death of a bone, in which it be- 
comes softened, discolored, and porous. It pro- 
duces a chronic inflammation of the periosteum 
and surrounding tissues, and forms a cold abscess 
filled with a cheesy, fetid, pus-like liquid, which 
generally burrows through the soft parts until 
it opens externally by a sinus or fistula, back- 
ward C., dental caries which progresses backward 
from the dento-enamel juncture into the enamel, 
central c., a chronic abscess in he interior of a 
bone, dental C., dissolution and disintegration 
■of the enamel and dentin by the action of acid- 
producing bacteria and their products, dry c., c. 
sicca, a form of tuberculous caries of the joints 
and ends of bones; rarefying osteitis, c. fungo'- 
sa, a form of tuberculosis of a bone, lateral c., 
dental caries which extends laterally at the dento- 
enamel junction, necrotic c., a disease in which 
pieces of bone lie in a suppurating cavity, spinal 
c., Pott's disease; tuberculous osteitis of the 
vertebra; and of the intervertebral cartilages. 
cariesan (ka're-e-san). A preparation of alkali 
sulphocyanates and diastase: used to prevent 
caries of the teeth. 
cariesin (karie-es-in). A medicinal preparation of 
carious bone. 
carina (kar-i'nah) [L. "keel"]. Any ridge-like 
structure, c. for'nicis, a mesial ridge on the 
under surface of the fornix, c. urethra'lis 
vagi'nae, a median ridge on the anterior wall of the 
vagina. 
carinate (kar'in-at) [L. cari'na a keel]. Keel-shaped; 
having a keel-like process. 
carination (kar-in-a'shun). A ridged condition of a 
part. 
cariosity (ka-re-os'it-e). The quality of being 
carious. 
carious (ka're-us) [L. cario'sus]. Affected with 
or of the nature of caries. 
carissin (ka-ris'in). A glucosid from the bark of 
Caris'sa o'vata: its action is like that of stro- 
phanthin. 
Carleton's spots (karl'tonz) [B. G. Carleton, 
American physician, born 1856]. See under spot. 
Carlsbad salt (kahrlz'bahd). A salt prepared 
from a mineral spring at Carlsbad or imitative 
of it. 
carmalum (kar-mal'um). A stain: carmin, 1 part; 
alum, 10 parts; water, 100 parts. 
carmin (kar'min). A red coloring-matter de- 
rived from cochineal: used as a histologic stain, 
borax c., an alkaline staining fluid made of borax, 
carmin, and water: used as a red nuclear stain. 
See stains, table of. c.-red, a stain, CnH12O7, 
derived from carmin. lithium-c. See Orth's 
lithium-carmin, under stains, table of. Schneider' s 
c., a saturated solution of carmin in concentrated 
acetic acid. 
carminative (kar-min'ah-tiv) [L. car'men charm], 
i. Relieving flatulence. 2. A medicine which 
relieves flatulence and assuages pain. The chief 
carminatives are anise, caraway, cardamom, 
cajuput, chalk, cinnamon, cloves, coriander, dill, 
fennel, ginger, juniper, lavender, lime-water, 
nutmeg, peppermint, pimenta, spearmint, and 
sodium carbonate. Dalby's c., a mild carmina 
tive opiate: used mainly for children in domestic 
treatment. Dose, -J-1 teaspoonful. Dewees' 
c., mistura magnesia; et asafcetidae. 
carminic acid (kar-min'ik). See acid. 
carminoph.il (kar-min'o-fil) [carmin + Gr. 
to love]. 1. Easily stainable with carmin. 2. A 
cell or other element that readily takes a stain 
from carmin. 
carminum (kar-mi'num). Carmin. 
carnauba (kar-na-oo'bah) [Braz.]. A South Ameri- 
can palm with a medicinal root, Copernic'ia cerif'- 
era. c. wax, a kind of wax largely obtained from 
the palm. 
carnaubon (kar-na-oo'bon). A phospholipin oc- 
curring in the kidney. 
carneous (kar'ne-us) [L. car'neus, from ca'ro flesh]. 
Fleshy. 
carniferrin (kar-nif-er'in) [L. ca'ro, car'nis flesh 
+ fer'rum iron]. 1. A complex body isolated from 
milk that yields camic, lactic, succinic, and oxylic 
acids on decomposition. 2. A preparation of iron, 
phosphoric, and sarcolactic acids: useful in anemia. 
Aggregate daily dose, 7 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
carniferrol (kar-ne-fer'ol). A preparation of 
meat peptone and iron: a diuretic and stimulant. 
carnification (kar"nif-ik-a'shun) [L. ca'ro flesh 
+ fa'cere to make]. The change of any other 
structure into flesh or a substance resembling it. 
carnin (kar'nin) [L. ca'ro flesh]. A leukomain, 
inosin, C7H8N4O + H2O, derivable from meat 
extract and from yeast. It is said to be poisonous. 
camitin (kar'nit-in) A betain found in the flesh of 
horses, hogs, and calves, probably trimethyl 
oxybutyrobetain, C7H15NO3. Called also novain. 
carnivorous (kar-niv'or-us) [L. ca'ro flesh + vora're 
to devour]. Eating flesh. 
carnogen (kar'no-jen). A compound of fibrin 
and red bone-marrow: useful in wasting diseases. 
Dose, 1-2 tablespoonfuls. 
carnolin (kar'no-lin). A solution of 1.5 per cent, 
of formaldehyd in water: a disinfectant and food 
preservative. 
carnophobia (kar-no-fo'be-ah) [L. ca'ro flesh + Gr. 
pbfios fear]. Abnormal aversion to meat diet. 
carnose (ka/nos). A dietetic meat-preparation: 
proprietary. 
carnosin (kar'no-sin). Ignotin; a base, CjHuNjOjf 
derived from extract of meat. 
carnosity (kar-nos'it-e) [L. cantos'Has fleshiness]. 
Any abnormal fleshy excrescence. 
carnutin (kar-nu'tin). A ptomain, alpha-oxy-gam- 
matrimethyl butyrobetain, found in muscle tissue. 
caro (ka'ro) [L.]. Flesh or muscular tissue. 
caroba (kah-ro'bah). See Jacaranda. 
carobin (kar'o-bin). One of the alkaloids of 
jacaranda. 
caroid (ka'roid) [L. ca'ro flesh]. A digestant 
preparation of papaw in the form of a white 
powder: said to be a vegetable pepsin. 
carolinium (kar-o-lin'e-um). A supposed element 
obtained from thorium oxid. 
carone (kar'bn). A colorless, oily ketone, C1CH1SO, 
having an odor of camphor and peppermint and 
prepared from carvone. 
carota (ka-ro'tah), pl. car o'tee. Latin for carrot. 
carotic (kar-ot'ik) [Gr. Kapos torpor]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of carus, or stupor. 
caroticotympanic (kar-ot"ik-o-tim-pan'ik). Per- 
taining to the carotid canal and the tympanum. CAROTID 
215 
CARTILAGE 
carotid (kar-ot'id) [Gr. Kapurls, from Kapos deep 
sleep]. 1. The principal artery of the neck. See 
arteries, table of. 2. Of or pertaining to a carotid 
artery. 
carotin (kar'o-tin). A coloring-matter from car- 
rots, sweet potatoes, and other vegetables, milk-fat, 
body fat, egg-yolk, etc. The pigment of the corpus 
luteum is probably identical with carotin. 
carotinemia (kar-o-tin-e'me-ah) [carotin + Gr. 
alpa. blood]. Presence of carotin in the blood; it 
sometimes occurs in sufficient quantities to pro- 
duce skin pigmentation resembling jaundice. 
carotinoid (kar-o'tin-oid). 1. Marked by a yellow 
color resembling that produced by carotin. 2. Any 
one of a number of chromolipoids closely related 
to carotin, and including both carotins and xan- 
thophylls. 
carpain (kar-pa'in) [L. Ca/ica papa'ya the papaw]. 
An alkaloid from papaya: used like digitalis. 
Hypodermic dose, gr. (0.006-0.01 gm.). 
carpal (kar'pal) [L. carpa'lis]. Of or pertaining 
to the carpus, or wrist. 
carpale (kar-pa'le). A carpal bone. 
carpectomy (kar-pek'to-me) [carpus + Gr. eKropf) 
excision]. Excision of one or more of the carpal 
bones. 
carpel (kar'pel). A one-celled pistil, or one of the 
members composing a compound pistil or seed- 
vessel. 
carphologia (kar-fo-lo'je-ah). Carphology. 
carphology (kar-fol'o-je) [Gr. Kaptpos chaff + 
Xeyeiv to collect]. The involuntary picking at the 
bedclothes seen in grave fevers and in conditions 
of great exhaustion. 
carpitis (kar-pi'tis). Inflammation of the synovial 
membranes of the bones of the carpal joint of 
domestic animals, producing swelling, pain, and 
lameness. 
carpocarpal (kar-po-kar'pal). Pertaining to two 
parts of the carpus. 
carpogonium (kar-po-go'ne-um). See ascogonium. 
carpometacarpal (kar"po-met-ah-kar'pal). Per- 
taining to the carpus and metacarpus. 
carpopedal (kar-po-pe'dal) [carpal -f- pedal]. 
Affecting the carpus and the foot. 
carpophalangeal (kar"po-fa-lan'je-al). Pertain- 
ing to the wrist and the phalanges. 
carpoptosis (kar-pop-to'sis) [carpus 4- ptosis]. 
See wrist-drop. 
Carpue's operation (kar'puz) [Joseph C. Carpue, 
English surgeon, 1764-1846]. See under operation. 
carpus (kar'pus) [L. for " wrist Gr. Kapirbs]. 
The wrist; also the eight carpal bones collec- 
tively: scaphoid, semilunar, cuneiform, pisiform, 
trapezium, trapezoid, os magnum, and unciform. 
carrageen, carragheen (kar'ah-ghen). Irish 
moss. See Chondrus. 
carreau (kar-o') [Fr.]. Enlargement and hardening 
of the abdomen caused by disease of the peritoneum 
and abdominal walls. 
Carrefour sensitif (kahr-a-for sen-sit-if') [Fr. "sen- 
sitive crossway" ]. The last third of the posterior 
limbs of the internal capsule in the lowest part 
of the optostriate region. 
Carrel's method, mixture, treatment (kar- 
elz') [Alexis Carrel, French surgeon in New York, 
born 1873]. See under method, mixture, and treat- 
ment. 
Carrel-Dakin fluid. See under fluid. 
Carrier (kar'e-er). An individual who harbors in 
his body the specific organisms of a disease without 
manifest symptoms and thus acts as a carrier or 
distributor of the infection, active c., a person 
who harbors a pathogenic organism after recovering 
from the disease, chronic c., a person in whom 
the organism of a disease persists after recovery 
from the disease, or one who, though he may never 
have had the disease, still carries the organisms in 
his body, contact c., a person who has been 
exposed to an infection, and, although healthy, 
may act as a carrier of the infection, convales- 
cent c., a person convalescent from a disease who 
may act as a carrier of infection, gamete c., 
a healthy person who transmits a parasitic disease 
by parasites undergoing intracapsular conjugation 
in his body (Craig), healthy c., a person who 
has never had the disease, but yet carries the in- 
fecting organism in his body, incubatory c., 
an individual who is in the incubation period of an 
infectious disease and will soon manifest the 
symptoms, intermittent c., a carrier who 
discharges the pathogenic organisms from time to 
time, intestinal c., a carrier who harbors the 
infective bacteria in the feces, passive c., a 
carrier who harbors a pathogenic organism without 
having had the disease, temporary c., transi- 
tory c., a carrier who harbors a pathogenic organ- 
ism for brief periods of time, urinary c., a 
carrier who discharges infective organisms in his 
urine. 
Carrion's disease (kar-e-onz') [Daniel E. Carrion, 
a student in Peru who died of the disease in 1886]. 
Oroya fever. 
Carron oil (kar'on). A liniment of linseed oil and 
lime-water: used for burns. 
carrot (kar'ut) [L. caro'ta]. The umbelliferous 
plant, Dau'cus caro'ta: its seed is diuretic and 
stimulant: used in dropsy, strangury, and amen- 
orrhea. Dose, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.). The root 
is used in making poultices for ulcers. 
car-sickness (kar-sik'nes). An attack, not unlike 
sea-sickness, induced by railway travel. 
Carswell's grapes (karz'welz) [Sir Robert Carswell, 
English physician, 1793-1857]. See grapes. 
Carter's fever (kar'terz) [Henry Vandyke Carter, 
Anglo-Indian physician, 1831-1897]. See under 
fever. 
Carter's operation, splint (kar'terz) [William 
Wesley Carter, New York rhinologist, born 1869]. 
See under operation (2d def.) and splint. 
carthamin (kar'tham-in). A coloring-matter, 
CuH18O7, from safflower. 
Carthamus (kar'tham-us) [L.]. A genus of com- 
posite-flowered plants. C. tincto'rius, is the 
safflower, or bastard saffron: the flowers are 
diuretic, aperient, and diaphoretic. Dose of fluid- 
extract of florets, 5-20 min. (0.3-1.3 c.c.). 
cartilage (kar'til-aj) [L. cartila'go, pl. cartila'- 
gines]. The gristle or white elastic substance 
attached to articular bone-surfaces and forming 
certain parts of the skeleton. Cartilage is a form 
of connective tissue composed of cells arranged 
in groups and buried in cavities (c.-capsules) in 
a homogeneous matrix, accessory c. Same as 
sesamoid c. alar c's, the cartilages of the wings 
of the nose, alisphenoid c., the embryonic 
cartilage which develops into the great wing of the 
sphenoid bone, annular c. Same as cricoid c. 
aortic c., the second costal cartilage on the right 
side, arthrodial c., articular c., a thin layer of 
hyaline cartilage on joint surfaces of bones, ary- 
tenoid c's, pitcher-shaped cartilages of the back 
of the larynx at the upper border of the cricoid 
cartilage, auditory c., the auditory capsule. 
See under capsule, auricular c. 1. The car- 
tilage of the external ear. 2. An ear-shaped 
cartilage at the sacro-iliac articulation, bone-c., 
ossein, c.-bones, those heavy bones which are 
formed by the ossification of a temporary cartilage, 
branchial c., one of the rods of cartilage in the 
branchial arches of the embryo. Brecht's C., 
suprasternal bone, calcified c., cartilage con- 
taining a deposit of calcareous matter in its 
matrix, c.-capsules, the lining membranes 
of the lacunae of cartilage, cariniform c., 
the cartilaginous prolongation at the anterior end 
of the sternum of a horse, c.-cells, c.-cor- 
puscles, connective-tissue cells contained in the CARTILAGE 
216 
CARUNCULA 
lacun® of cartilage, cellular c., a variety com- 
posed almost entirely of cells: in mankind it is 
found only in the chorda dorsalis of the embryo, 
central c., an opacity in the center of the lens, 
ciliary c. Same as palpebral c. circumferen- 
tial C., a ring of fibrocartilage forming a border 
around certain joint cavities, conchal c., the 
auricular cartilage of the ear. connecting c., 
the cartilage connecting the surfaces of an immov- 
able joint, corniculate c's. Same as San- 
torini's c's. costal c's, those which connect 
the true ribs with the sternum, cricoid c., 
a ring-like cartilage forming the lower and back 
part of the cavity of the larynx, cuneiform c., 
a cartilage on either side in the aryteno-epiglot 
tidean fold: called also c. of Wrisberg, dentinal 
C., the substance that remains after the dissolving 
of the lime-salts of dentin in an acid, diarthro- 
dial c., an articular cartilage, elastic c. Same 
as reticular c. ensiform c. See xiphoid process, 
under process, epactal c's, nodules of cartilage 
on the upper edge of the alar cartilages of the nose, 
epiphyseal c., that which is interposed between 
the epiphysis and the shaft of the bone: by its 
growth the bone increases in length, epistapedial 
c., a cartilage extending from the columella to the 
tympanum, eustachian c., the cartilaginous 
portion of the eustachian tube, falciform c., 
semilunar cartilage. fibro-c. See fibrocartil- 
age. fibro-elastic C., cartilage composed of 
elastic fibers embedded in hyaline cartilage. 
It is found in the external ear, the eustachian 
cartilage, the epiglottis, parts of the arytenoid 
cartilages, and the cartilages of Wrisberg and 
Santorini, floating c., a loose piece of articular 
cartilage, gingival c., the tissue that covers the 
loculus which contains an unerupted tooth. 
Huschke's c's, two irregular rods of cartilage at 
the border of the cartilaginous septum of the nose, 
hyaline c., cartilage which has a granular or 
homogeneous matrix with little fibrous tissue, 
innominate c. Same as cricoid c. interartic- 
ular c. Same as articular c. interosseous c. 
Same as connecting c. intervertebral c., an 
intervertebral disk, intrathyroid c., one con- 
necting the alae of the thyroid cartilage in early life, 
investing c. Same as articular c. Jacobson's 
c., a hyaline cartilage which supports Jacobson's 
organ, lateral c., in the horse, one of the cartilages 
from the end of the third phalanx to the heel of the 
hoof, loose c., a floating cartilage. Luschka's 
c., a small nodule of cartilage in the anterior part 
of the true vocal cord, mandibular c., Meckel's 
cartilage, meatal C., the cartilaginous part of 
the external auditory meatus. Meckel's C., that 
of the first branchial arch, minor c's, sesamoid 
c's, three or four small plates associated with the 
lower lateral cartilages of the nose, mucronate 
C., the ensiform cartilage, nasal c's are five 
in number: the lower and upper lateral and the 
septal, besides the minor or sesamoid cartilages, 
obducent c., an articular cartilage, ossi- 
fying c. See temporary c. palpebral c's, 
the tarsal plates of the eyelids (not composed of 
true cartilage), parachordal c's, the two car- 
tilages at the sides of the occipital part of the 
notochord of the fetus, parenchymatous c. 
Same as cellular c. periotic c., an oval mass on 
each side of the upper surface of the fetal chondro- 
cranium. permanent c., any cartilage which 
does not normally become ossified, plexiform 
c. Same as fibro-elastic c. precursory c., tem- 
porary cartilage, primordial c., temporary 
cartilage, pulmonary c., the third costal 
cartilage on the left side. Reichert's c., 
the cartilage of the hyoid arch of the embryo, 
whence are developed the styloid process and 
adjacent structures, reticular c. Same as 
yellow c. Santorini ' s c ' s, the cornicula laryngis. 
semilunar c., an interarticular cartilage of the 
knee-joint, septal C., the cartilage of the nasal 
septum, sesamoid c's, small cartilages in the 
lateral part of the wing of the nose, sigmoid c., 
a semilunar cartilage, sternal c., a costal 
cartilage of a true rib. stratified c., fibro- 
cartilage. supra-arytenoid c. Same as 
corniculum laryngis. synarthrodial c., a 
cartilage of a synchondrosis, tarsal c's, the 
palpebral cartilages (so called), temporary c., 
any cartilage which is normally destined to become 
changed into a bone: called also ossifying c. 
tendon-c., a form of embryonic cartilage by 
which tendons and bones are united, thyroid c., 
the large cartilage of the larynx forming the 
prominence known as the pomum adami. tra- 
cheal c., one of the rings of cartilage, 16 to 20 in 
number, which form the skeleton of the trachea, 
triquetrous c. 1. The arytenoid cartilage. 2. 
The articular cartilage of the distal radio-ulnar 
articulation, triticeous c., a cartilaginous or 
bony nodule often found in each of the two lateral 
thyrohyoid ligaments, vomeronasal c. Same 
as Jacobson's c. Weitbrecht's c., the inter- 
articular fibrocartilage of the acromioclavicular 
joint. Wrisberg's c. See cuneiform c. xiphoid 
c. See xiphoid process, under process. Y-c., a 
Y-shaped cartilage in the acetabulum, joining the 
ilium, ischium, and pubes, yellow c., any car- 
tilage of which the matrix is mainly a network of 
yellow fibers. For other varieties, see fibrocar- 
tilage. 
cartilagin (karTil-aj-in) A principle found in 
cartilage, which is changed by boiling into chon- 
drin. 
cartilaginification (kar"til-aj-in"if-ik-a'shun). 
Change into cartilage. 
cartilaginiform (kar-til-aj-in'if-orm). Resem- 
bling cartilage. 
cartilaginoid (kar-til-aj'in-oid). Resembling car- 
tilage. 
cartilaginous (kar-til-aj'in-us). Consisting of or 
of the nature of cartilage. 
cartilago (kar-til-a'go). Latin for cartilage, C. 
ala'ris ma jor [B N A], the greater alar cartilage, 
c. ala'ris mi'nor [BN A], the lesser alar car- 
tilage. C. articula'ris [B N A], articular car- 
tilage. c. arytaenoi'dea [B N A], arytenoid car- 
tilage. C. auriculae [B N A], the cartilage of the 
auricle of the ear. c. cornicula'ta [B N A], the 
cartilage of Santorini, c. cuneifor'mis [B N A], 
cuneiform cartilage, c. falca'ta [B N A], a semi- 
lunar cartilage, c. na'si latera'lis [B N A], the 
upper lateral cartilage of the nose. c. sep'ti 
na'si [B N A], the cartilaginous portion of the 
nasal septum, c. sesamoi'dea laryngis [B N 
A], an occasional cartilaginous node on the external 
border of the arytenoid cartilage, c. sesamoi'- 
dea na'si [B N A], a small cartilage in the lateral 
part of the wing of the nose. c. thyroi'dea 
[B N A], thyroid cartilage. C. trachea'lis [B N 
A], treacheal cartilage, c. triangula ris [B N 
A], c. triquet'ra carpi, the triquetrous car- 
tilage of the wrist, c. tritic'ea [B N A], triticeous 
cartilage. C. tu'bae auditi'vae [B N A], the eus- 
tachian cartilage, c. vomeronasa'lis, Jacob- 
son's cartilage. 
cartilagotropic (kar-til-ag-o-trop'ik) [L. cartila'go, 
cartilage + Gr. rpbiros turning]. Having affinity 
for cartilage. 
carum (ka'rum). Latin for caraway. 
caruncle (kaFung-kl) [L. carun'cula, dim. of ca'ro 
flesh]. Any small fleshy eminence, whether 
normal or abnormal, lacrimal c., the red emi- 
nence at the inner angle of the eye. morgagnian 
C., the middle lobe of the prostate, urethral 
c., a small red growth on the mucous membrane 
of the urinary meatus in women. 
caruncula (kar-ung'ku-lah), pl. carun'cula. Latin 
for caruncle, c. hymena'les [B N A]. See c. 
myrtiformes. c. mammilla'ris, the tuber ol- 
factorium; the gray mass from which the middle 
root of the olfactory nerve arises c. myrtifor'- 
mes, small elevations surrounding the vaginal 
orifice, supposed to be relics of the ruptured hy- CARUS 
217 
CASSIA 
men. c. salivaTis, c. sublingua'lis [B N A], 
a little eminence on each side of the frenum of the 
tongue, at the apex of which is the opening of the 
duct of the sublingual gland. 
Carus, curve of (kah'rus) [Karl Gustav Carus, 
German obstetrician, 1789-1869]. See under curve. 
carvacrol (kar'vak-rol). A stimulant oil, methyl- 
isopropylphenol, CH3.C6H3OH.C3H7, obtainable 
from camphor, oil of caraway, savory, etc., having 
the taste and uses of creosote, c. iodid. See 
iodocrol. 
carvacrolphthalein (kar"vak-rol-thal'e-in). A 
compound recommended as a non-irritating 
cathartic. 
carvene (kar-ven') [L. car'd caraway]. A terpene, 
C!0H16, from oil of caraway. 
carvol (kar'vol). A light, fragrant oil, C10H14O, 
separated from the oil of caraway, cumin, dill, etc. 
Called also carvone. 
caryin (ka're-in) [Gr. Kapvov nut]. A crystallizable 
principle obtainable from the bark of a hickory tree 
(Hico'ria or Ca'rya tomento'sa') of North America. 
caryochrome, caryocinesis, etc. See karyo- 
chrome, karyokinesis, etc. 
caryokinesis (ka-re-o-kin-e'sis). See karyokin- 
esis. 
caryophil (kar'e-o-fil). Staining easily with thiazin- 
ammonium stains. 
caryophillin (kar"e-o-fil'in). A resin or camphor, 
Clt)H16O, from oil of cloves. 
caryophyllus (kar"e-o-fil'us) [Gr. Kapvov nut + 
<pvX\ov leaf]. Latin for clove. 
caryoplasm (kar'e-o-plazm). See karyoplasm. 
caryozoic (kar-e-o-zo'ik). See karyozoic. 
casanthrol (kas-an'throl). A preparation of casein 
and a coal-tar product: used as a varnish in eczema, 
prurigo, and other skin diseases. 
casca bark (kas'kah). See Erythrophloeum. 
cascanata (kas-kan-at'ah). A proprietary laxa- 
tive preparation. 
cascara (kas-kar'ah). Spanish for bark. c. amar'- 
ga [Sp. for " bitter bark "], Honduras bark; the 
bark of Picram'nia antides'ma, a tree of trop- 
ical America: alterative and tonic. Dose of 
extract, 5-10 gr. (0.32-0.65 gm.) ; of fluid- 
extract, 15 min.-2 fl.dr. (1-8 c.c.). c. sagra'da 
[Sp. for " sacred bark "], the bark of Rham'nus 
purshia'na, a shrub of the Pacific States of the 
United States. It is a stimulant laxative and 
cathartic, recommended for the treatment of 
chronic constipation. Dose of fluidextract, 10- 
20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.); of extract, 2-8 gr. 
(0.13-0.52 gm.). 
cascarenna (kas-kar-en'ah). A proprietary laxa- 
tive for children. 
cascarilla (kas-kah-ril'ah). 1. The bark of Cro'ton 
elute'ria, a small tree of tropical America: a tonic 
and aromatic stomachic. Dose in powder, 20- 
30 gr. (1.3-1.85 gm.). Its tincture and infusion 
are also prescribed. 2. A genus of rubiaceous 
trees allied to Cincho'na: the bark of C. hexan' dr a 
is an unofficial cinchona substitute. 
cascarillin (kas-kah-ril'in). A bitter, crystalliz- 
able principle, C12H|8O4, from cascarilla bark, 
slightly soluble in water. 
cascarin (kas-kaUm). A colorless, crystalline 
preparation from cascaPa sagra'da. Dose, i|- 
3 gr. (0.099-0.198 gm.); more correctly, a glu- 
cosid from the same. 
case (kas). A particular instance of disease; as a 
case of typhoid. 
caseanic acid (ka-se-an'ik). See acid. 
casease (ka'se-as) [L. ca'seus cheese]. A ferment 
derived from bacterial cultures, capable of dis- 
solving albumin and the casein of milk and cheese. 
Caseation (ka-se-a'shun) [L. ca'seus cheese]. The 
precipitation of casein; also, cheesy degenera- 
tion; conversion into cheese-like matter. 
case-book (kas-book). A book in which a physician 
enters the records of his cases. 
casein (ka'se-in) [L. ca'seus cheese]. A phosphopro- 
tein, the principal protein of milk, the basis of curd 
and of cheese. It is precipitated from milk as a 
white amorphous substance by dilute acids and 
redissolves on the addition of alkalis or an excess 
of acid. Rennet changes it to an insoluble curd. 
Casein is used as a food, being added to other in- 
gredients of the diet, when it is desired to increase 
the protein content of the diet, c.-dyspepton, a 
substance formed when milk is digested with pepsin 
and hydrochloric acid, gluten-c., a form of 
casein from the seeds of various cereal plants; 
glutin. c.-mercury, a preparation of casein and 
mercuric chlorid, soluble in water: antiseptic. C. 
saccharid, a preparation of casein and sugar: 
used in making emulsions, c.-sodium, a nutri- 
ent preparation of casein and sodium hydroxid. 
vegetable c., a protein contained in gluten and 
resembling casein. 
caseinhydrol (ka-se-in-hi'drol). A mixture of 
equal parts of magnesium perhydrol and casein- 
calcium: used in diabetes. 
caseinic acid (ka-se-in'ik). See acid. 
caseinogen (ka-se-in'o-jen) [casein + Gr. yewav to 
produce]. A protein of milk producing casein 
when acted upon by rennin. 
caseinogenate (ka-se-in'o-jen-at). A salt of case- 
inogen. 
caseogenous (ka-se-oj'en-us). Producing casea- 
tion. 
caseo-iodin (ka"se-o-i'o-din). A white powder 
prepared from casein and iodin: used for goiter 
and myxedema. 
caseose (ka'se-os). A proteose produced during the 
digestion of casein (Chittenden). 
caseoserum (ka"se-o-se'rum). An antiserum pro- 
duced by immunization with casein. 
caseous (ka'se-us). Resembling cheese or curd. 
See degeneration. 
case-taking (kas'tak-ing). The collection of di- 
agnostic, prognostic, and other professional mem- 
oranda. 
casette (ka-set'). A roentgenographic plate-holder, 
cashe (ka-sha'). Same as cache. 
cashew-nut (kash'ew). The fruit of AnacaPdium 
occidenta'le, a tree of tropical America: its oil is 
used for leprosy and is escharotic. 
CaSO4. Calcium sulphate. 
casoid (ka'soid). A proprietary flour containing 
casein, and practically free from carbohydrates. 
cassareep, cassaripe (kas'ar-ep). A non-poison- 
ous extract made by boiling the poisonous juice 
from the root of the plant cassava, Jat'ropha 
man'ihot or Man'ihot utilis'sima, of tropical Amer- 
ica, where it is used as a condiment. It is anti- 
septic, and is used in diseases of the eye, such as 
corneal ulcers and purulent conjunctivitis. 
cassava (kas-ah'vah) [Sp. casabe\. The plants 
Man'ihot Ulins'sima and M. ai'pi; also the starch 
from their roots, which furnishes tapioca. 
Casselberry position (kas'el-ber-e) [William 
Evans Casselberry, American laryngologist, born 
1858]. See under position. 
casserian (kas-e're-an). Discovered by or named 
from Giulio Casserio (1556-1616), an Italian 
anatomist: a term sometimes applied by error to 
the gasserian ganglion. 
Cassia (kash'e-ah) [L.; Gr. Kaoia]. A genus of 
leguminous trees and herbs. C. acutifo'lia and C. 
elonga'ta, of North Africa and South Asia, afford 
senna. C. marilan'dica, a herb of the United 
States, gives an inferior kind of senna, c.-bark, 
trade name of Chinese cinnamon. See Cinna- 
mon. c.-buds, the unripe fruit of various species 
of Cinnamo'mum. C. fis'tula, a tree of the East 
Indies; also the pulp of its dried laxative fruit. 
Dose, 1-2 dr. (4-8 gm.). CASSIUS FELIX 
218 
CATALYSIN 
Cassius Fe lix. A Latin medical writer who 
prior to 26 a. d. published a work upon specialized 
pathology and therapeutics which is supposed to 
be the original of Celsus. 
cassumunar (kas-u-mu'nar). The root of Zin'- 
giber cassumu'nar, an East Indian plant closely 
allied to ginger: tonic, aromatic, and stimulant. 
•cast (kast). A mold of a hollow organ, as of a 
renal tubule or a bronchiole, formed of effused 
plastic matter. blood-c.? a filament of coagu- 
lated fibrin in the urine, inclosing blood-corpus- 
cles. coma c., a renal cast containing strongly 
refracting granules: said to indicate oncoming 
coma in diabetes. Called also Kulz's cylinder. 
decidual c., the fleshy mass discharged from 
the uterus at the time of rupture of an ectopic 
pregnancy, epithelial c., a urinary cast made 
up of columnar renal epithelium or of round cells, 
false c. See pseudocast, fatty c., any cast made 
up of material loaded with fat-globules, granular 
C., a dark-colored renal cast of granular or cell-like 
substance, it being a degenerated form of a hyaline 
•or waxy cast, hyaline c., a nearly transparent 
urinary cast made up of homogeneous protein, but 
slightly refractive. Kulz's c., short hyaline or 
granular casts seen at the beginning and during 
the course of diabetic coma, mucus-c., a cylin- 
droid. pus-C., a renal cast made up of fibrin con- 
taining leukocytes, renal c., a cylindriform body 
from the urine, derived from any of the collect- 
ing tubules of the kidney or from a loop of Henle, 
spiral c., a renal cast having a spiral or twisted 
shape, spuriousc., spurious tube-c., acylin- 
droid. tube-C., any cast of a renal tubule formed 
in a disease of the kidney, waxy C., one made 
up of a highly refractive, translucent, amyloid 
substance. 
'Castanea (kas-ta'ne-ah) [L.; Gr. Kaaravov chest- 
nut]. A genus of trees, the chestnuts; also, the 
leaves of C. vesica, the common chestnut tree: 
used in whooping cough. Dose of fluidextract, 
|-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.). 
Castellanella (kas-tel-an-el'ah) [Aldo Castellani]. 
A genus of trypanosomes to which some of the old 
species of Trypanosoma are now referred. C. cas- 
tellan'i, a trypanosome causing the more acute 
and violent form of sleeping sickness. C. gam- 
bien'se. See Trypanosoma gambiense. 
Castellani's bronchitis, mixture, test (kas- 
tel-an'ez) [Aldo Castellani, Anglo-Indian physician]. 
See bronchitis, mixture, and tests. 
castor (kas'tor). See castoreum. 
castor oil (kas'tor). See under oil. 
castoreum (kas-to're-um) [L.]. A strong-smelling, 
brownish, concrete substance from the preputial 
follicles of the beaver, Cas'tor fi'ber. It is a stim- 
ulant and antispasmodic: used in colic, hysteria, 
and the typhoid state. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.65-2 
gm.). 
castoria (kas-to're-ah). A proprietary laxative 
preparation used in infancy and early childhood. 
castor in (kas'to-rin). A crystalline principle ob- 
tainable from castoreum. 
castrate (kas'trat). 1. A person who has been cas- 
trated. 2. To remove the testicles. 
castration (kas-tra'shun) [L. castra'tio]. Removal 
of the testicles, female c., ovariectomy, or 
spaying, parasitic c., defective sexual devel- 
opment due to infestion with parasites in early 
life. 
casual (kaz'u-al) [L. casua'lis]. 1. Pertaining to 
accidental injuries or to accidents. 2. An occu- 
pant of a casual bed in a hospital. 
casualty (kaz'u-al-te). An accident; an accidental 
wound; death or disablement from an accident. 
casuistics (kaz-u-is'tiks). The recording and study 
of cases of disease. 
casumen (ka-su'men). A protein food preparation 
made from casein. 
cat unit. See under unit. 
cata- [Gr. Kara down]. A prefix signifying down, 
lower, or under. 
catabasial (kat-ah-ba'ze-al) [Gr. Kara down + 
basion], Having the basion lower than the opis- 
thion: used of certain skulls. 
catabasis (kat-ab'as-is) [Gr. Kara down 4- Paiuetv 
to go]. The stage of decline of a disease. 
catabatic (kat-ah-bat'ik), Pertaining to the de- 
cline of a disease; abating. 
catabiosis ((kat"ab-i-o'sis). That property of 
living matter by which it causes adjoining tissue 
to develop in harmony with itself. 
catabiotic (kat"ab-i-ot'ik) [Gr. Kara. under + 0ios 
life]. Dissipated or used up in the performance of 
function: said of the energy obtained from food. 
Cf. bioplastic. 
catabolergy (kat-ah-bol'er-je) [catabolic + Gr. 
Ipyov work]. The energy consumed in a cata- 
bolic process. 
catabolic (kat-ah-bol'ik). Pertaining to or due to 
catabolism; retrograde. 
catabolin, catabolite (kat-ab'o-lin, kat-ab'o-lit). 
Any product of a catabolic process. 
catabolism (kat-ab'o-lizm) [Gr. Kara down 4- 
(daXXecv to throw]. Retrograde metamorphism, 
or destructive metabolism; passage of tissue 
material from a higher to a lower plane of com- 
plexity or specialization. 
catacausis (kat-ah-kaw'sis) [Gr. Kara down 4* 
kovols burning]. Spontaneous combustion. 
catacrotic (kat-ah-krot'ik). Exhibiting or marked 
by catacrotism. 
catacrotism (kat-ak'ro-tizm) [Gr. Kara down + 
kpar os beat]. That irregularity of the pulse in 
which the beat is marked by two or more expan- 
sions of the artery, and indicated on the tracing 
by one or more secondary elevations on the down- 
stroke. 
catadicrotic (kat-ah-di-krot'ik). Exhibiting or 
characterized by catadicrotism. 
catadicrotism (kat-ah-dik'ro-tizm) [Gr. Kara down 
4- bis twofold + Kporos stroke]. The occurrence 
of a double expansion or break in the down-stroke 
of the sphygmogram. 
catadidymus (kat-ah-did'im-us) [Gr. Kara down 
4- bibupos twin], A twin monstrosity fused into 
one in the lower parts. 
catadioptric (kat-ah-di-op'trik). Deflecting and 
reflecting light at the same time. 
catagenesis (kat-ah-jen'es-is) [Gr. Kara down 4- 
7«i'e<Tis production]. Retrogressive evolution. 
catagmatic (kat-ag-mat'ik) [Gr. Karaypa fracture]. 
Having the power of consolidating a broken bone. 
catalase (kat'al-as). An enzyme which decomposes 
hydrogen peroxid, liberating free oxygen. It exists 
in many animal and plant tissues. Called also 
peroxidase. 
catalepsy (kat'ah-lep-se) [Gr. Kara down 4- Xap- 
^avetv to seize]. A nervous state marked by 
attacks of total suspension of voluntary motion 
and of sensibility. The muscles become rigidly 
fixed, the body is cold and pale, the pulse and 
respiration are slow. The attacks last from a 
few minutes to several days. 
cataleptic (kat-ah-lep'tik). Pertaining to or af- 
fected with catalepsy; a person so affected. 
cataleptiform (kat-al-ep'tif-orm). Resembling 
catalepsy. 
cataleptoid (kat-al-ep'toid). Resembling cata- 
lepsy. 
Catalpa (kat-al'pah). A genus of bignoniaceous 
trees. C. bignonioi'des, of the United States, 
affords seeds used in asthma. Dose of tincture, 
2 dr. (7.5 c.c.). 
catalysin (kat-al'is-in). A compound of lecithin 
bases: used to build up the natural resistance of 
the body to infectious diseases. Blood casts (some composed of disin- 
tegrated red blood-cells). 
a. Squamous epithelium from the urine. 
b. Epithelial casts. 
Hyaline casts. 
Coarse and fine granular casts. 
Cyl indroids. 
Waxy casts. 
Various Forms of Urinary Casts. 
(Salinger and Kalteyer.) CATALYSIS 
219 
CATARACT 
catalysis (kat-al'is-is) [Gr. xaraXuais dissolution]. 
A changing of the velocity of a reaction produced 
by the mere presence of a substance which does not 
itself enter into the reaction, negative c., a re- 
tardation of a reaction produced by the presence 
of a substance which does not itself enter into the 
reaction, positive c., catalysis in which the 
velocity of the reaction is accelerated. 
catalyst (kat'al-ist). Same as catalyzer. 
catalytic (kat-al-it'ik) [Gr. KaraXveiv to dissolve], 
i. Causing or pertaining to an alterative effect; 
causing catalysis. 2. An alterative or specific 
medicine. 
catalyzator (kat"al-i-za'tor). Same as catalyzer. 
catalyzer (kat'al-i-zer). A substance producing 
catalysis; a substance which modifies the velocity 
of a chemic or physical process, negative c., a 
substance that retards the action of a catalyzer by 
acting on the substratum, positive c., a cat- 
alyzer which accelerates the velocity of a reaction. 
catamenia (kat-ah-me'ne-ah) [Gr. Kara along with 
+ prp> month]. The monthly uterine discharge; 
menstruation, or the menses. 
catamenial (kat-ah-me'ne-al). Pertaining to the 
menses or to menstruation. 
catamnesis (kat-am-ne'sis). The history of a 
patient after he is first seen by the physician, in- 
cluding subsequent examinations, observations on 
the course followed by the disease, etc. 
catapasm (kat'ah-pazm) [Gr. Karcnracrpa]. A 
powder to be applied to the surface. 
cataphasia (kat-ah-fa'ze-ah) [Gr. Kara over -f- 
<pa<ns speech]. A speech disorder in which the 
patient constantly or repeatedly utters the same 
word or phrase. 
cataphora (kat-af'o-rah) [Gr. Kara<popa lethargy]. 
Lethargy with intervals of imperfect waking; coma 
somnolentium. 
cataphoresis (kat"ah-fo-re'sis) [Gr. Kara. across + 
<p6pTqaLS bearing]. The introduction of medicines 
through the unbroken skin, or through the dentinal 
tubules of the teeth, by means of an electric cur- 
rent. anemic c., that in which the drug is con- 
fined in any particular part, as by compression 
with an Esmarch bandage. 
cataphoretic (kat-af-o-ret'ik). Of, or pertaining 
to, cataphoresis. 
cataphoria (kat-af-o're-ah) [Gr. Kara down + 
<pepeiv to bear], A downward turning of the 
visual axis. 
cataphoric (kat-ah-fofik). Pertaining to cata- 
phoresis or to cataphora. 
cataphrenia (kat-ah-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. Kara down + 
tppijp mind]. A state of mental debility of the de- 
mentia type which tends to eventuate in recovery. 
cataphylaxis tkat-ah-fil-ak'sis) [Gr. Kara down + 
cpvXa^ts guard). 1. The movement of leukocytes 
and antibodies to the locality of an infection 
(Wright). 2. A breaking down of the body's nat- 
ural defense to infection (Bullock and Cranmer). 
cataplasia (kat-ap-la'se-ah) [Gr. Kara down + 
TrXaaaeiv to form]. Reversionary metamorphosis; 
a form of atrophy in which the tissues revert to 
earlier and more embryonic conditions. 
cataplasis (kat-ap'las-is). Cataplasia. 
cataplasm (kat'ah-plazm) [L. cataplas'ma; Gr. 
KaTairXaffpo]- A poultice or soft external applica- 
tion, often medicated, emollient c. See spe- 
cies, emollient. 
cataplasma (kat-ap-laz'mah). L. for cataplasm. 
C. kaolini, a preparation of kaolin, glycerin, 
boric acid, thymol, methyl salicylate, and oil of 
peppermint: used as an antiphlogistic poultice 
and surgical dressing. 
cataplexis, cataplexy (kat-ah-pleks'is, kat'ap- 
leks-e). A state of muscular rigidity produced by 
sudden shock or extreme fear. 
catapophysis (kat-ap-ofis-is). A process of bone 
or of brain matter. 
cataract (kat'ah-rakt) [L. catarac'ta, from Gr. 
Karappriyvvvai to rush down]. An opacity of the 
crystalline eye-lens or of its capsule, adherent 
C., a cataract with adhesion between the iris and 
the lens-capsule, after-c., a recurrent capsular 
cataract, anterior polar c., one seated at the 
center of the anterior capsule of the lens, ar- 
borescent C., one in which the opacity has a 
branched appearance, aridosiliculose c., ari- 
dosiliquate c. Same as siliquose c. axial c. 
Same as nuclear c. axillary c. Same as spindle 
c. black c., one with a dark-colored opacity, 
blood C., blocking of the lens by a blood-clot, 
bottle-makers' c. See glassblowers' c. calca- 
reous c., one containing a chalky deposit, cap- 
sular C., one which consists of an opacity in the 
capsule, capsulolenticular c., that which is 
seated partly in the capsule and partly in the lens, 
caseous c., cheesy c., a hypermature cataract 
which has undergone a cheesy degeneration, cen- 
tral c., opacity of the center of the eye-lens, com- 
plete C., that form which involves the whole lens, 
complicated c., cataract due to disease of other 
parts of the eye. congenital c., one which 
originates before birth, contusion c., one which 
is due to shock or to injury of the eyeball, cor- 
tical c., a stellate opacity in the cortical layers 
of the lens, diabetic c., one which occurs as a 
complication of diabetes, discission of c., the 
rupturing of the capsule, so that the aqueous 
humor may gain access to the lens, dry-shelled 
C. Same as siliquose c. fibroid c., a variety of 
capsular cataract which does not affect the lens, 
fluid c., a hypermature cataract in which the 
lens has become a milky fluid, fusiform c., 
a spindle-shaped opacity extending from the 
anterior to the posterior pole of the lens, general 
c., a cataract in which the opacity affects both the 
cortex and nucleus of the lens, glassblowers' 
C., cataract in glassblowers, due to exposure to 
intense heat and light, glaucomatous c., 
opacity which is dependent upon an attack of 
glaucoma, green c., a greenish opacity, some- 
times glaucomatous, and sometimes due to a slight 
lack of transparency in the media, hard c., 
one with a hard nucleus, hypermature c., 
one in which the lens has become either solid 
and shrunken or soft and liquid, immature c., 
includes the incipient and intercurrent varieties, 
or any cataract which affects only a part of the 
lens or capsule, incipient c., any cataract in 
its early stages, or one which has sectors of opacity 
with clear spaces intervening, infantile c., 
a lamellar cataract of early childhood, commonly 
associated with rickets or convulsions, intu- 
mescent C., one with an opaque and swollen 
lens, juvenile c., a soft cataract in a young per- 
son. lacteal c. Same as fluid c. lamellar 
C., opacity which affects certain layers only be- 
tween the cortex and nucleus of the lens, len- 
ticular C., opacity of the lens not affecting the 
capsule, mature c., one in which the lens is 
completely opaque, and is separable from its 
capsule, membranous c., an originally fluid 
cataract which has become reduced to a pellicle 
by loss of water, milky c. Same as fluid c. 
mixed c. Same as general c. morgagnian c., 
a fluid cataract with a hard nucleus, naphtha- 
linic c., cataract caused by the injection of 
naphthalin, nuclear c., one in which the opacity 
is seated in the central nucleus of the lens, over- 
ripe c. Same as hypermature c. partial 
C., any cataract which affects only a part of 
the lens: it may be central or fusiform, peri- 
nuclear C., a disk-like opacity around the central 
nucleus of the lens, polar c. See anterior 
polar c. and posterior polar c. posterior polar 
C., a capsular cataract with its seat at the center 
of the posterior pole, primary c., a cataract 
developing independently of any other disease, 
progressive c., one which, if not removed, passes CATARACTOUS 
220 
CATHETER 
through three stages-the immature, the mature, 
and the hypermature, and becomes total, punc- 
tate c., one made up of a collection of dot- 
like opacities pyramidal c., a conoid anterior 
polar cataract with its apex pointing forward, ripe 
C. Same as mature c. sanguineous c., a blood- 
clot in the prepupillary opening, secondary c., a 
cataract that returns after it has once been removed 
by operation, sedimentary c., a soft cataract 
in which the denser parts have gravitated down- 
ward. senile c., a hard opacity of the nucleus 
of the lens of the eye, occurring in the aged, 
siliculose c., siliquose c., a cataract in which 
there is absorption of the lens, with calcareous de- 
posit in the capsule, so that the atrophied lens re- 
sembles a silique. Called also dry-shelled c., arido- 
siliculose c., and cataracta aridosiliquata. soft C., 
one with no hard nucleus, spindle c., a cataract 
characterized by a spindle-shaped opacity reaching 
through the capsule in an anteroposterior direction, 
stationary c., opacity of the lens which does not 
increase in extent, stellate c. See cortical c. 
total C., one which involves and finally destroys 
the entire lens, traumatic c., cataract following 
an injury, tremulous c., one attended by a 
tremulous movement of the pupil and iris, unripe 
c. Same as, immature c. zonular c. 1. Same as 
lamellar c. 2. One which involves the zonula. 
cataractous (kat-ar-ak'tus). Of the nature of 
cataract; affected with a cataract. 
cataria (kat-a're-ah) [L. for " catnip "]. The 
leaves and tops of Nep'eta cata'ria, or catnip, a 
labiate plant: a carminative and mild nerve 
stimulant. Dose of the infusion, 2 dr. (7.5 c.c.). 
catarrh (kat-ahr') [L. cata/rhus, from Gr. narappeiv 
to flow down]. Inflammation of a mucous mem- 
brane, with a free discharge (Hippocrates); espec- 
ially such inflammation of the air-passages of the 
head and throat, acute c. is in two stages, the 
first dry, with a congested and swollen mucous 
membrane; the second moist, with abnormally free 
discharge of mucus, which is more or less altered in 
quality, atrophic c., chronic rhinitis with wast- 
ing of mucous and submucous tissues, autum- 
nal c., hay-fever. Bostock's c., hay-fever, 
bronchial c., acute bronchitis, chronic c. is 
of two kinds, the atrophic and the hypertrophic, 
dry c. (Fr. catarrhe sec), catarrh with scanty viscid 
secretion (Laennec), endocervical c., endo- 
cervicitis. epidemic c., influenza or grip. 
Fruehjahr's c., vernal conjunctivitis, gas- 
tric c., gastritis, hypertrophic c., chronic 
catarrh which results in irregular, and some- 
times papillary, thickening of the mucous and 
the submucous tissues, intestinal c., endo- 
enteritis. Laennec's c., a kind of asthmatic 
bronchitis, with viscous, pearly expectoration, 
laryngeal c., laryngitis, lightning c., a rap- 
idly developing and severe catarrh, nasal c., 
that which affects the nasal passages, pharyn- 
geal C., pharyngitis with a moist or watery dis- 
charge. postnasal c., chronic rhinopharyngitis. 
Russian c., influenza, spring c., spring con- 
junctivitis. suffocative c., asthma, uterine 
C., endometritis. venereal c., gonorrhea, 
vernal c., conjunctivitis prevailing during the 
spring, vesical c., cystitis with a discharge 
of mucus from the bladder. 
catarrhal (kat-ar'al). Of the nature of or per- 
taining to catarrh. 
catastaltic (kat-as-tal'tik) [Gr. KaraffraXTiKos]- 1. 
Inhibitory; restraining. 2. An agent which tends 
to restrain or check any process. 
catastate (kat'as-tat) [Gr. Kara, down + laravai to 
stand]. A result of catabolism; any substance 
or condition resulting from a catabolic process. 
catastatic (kat-as-tat'ik). Of the nature of or per- 
taining to a catastate. 
catatasis (kat-at'as-is) [Gr. " stretching "]. Ex- 
tension applied for the reduction of a dislocation or 
fracture. 
catathermometer (kat-ah-ther-mom'et-er). Kata- 
thermometer. See under thermometer. 
catatonia, catatony (kat-at-o'ne-ah, kat-at'o-ne) 
[Gr. Kara down + roves tension]. A form of 
dementia pnecox in which the patient passes 
from melancholia to mania and thence to de- 
mentia and physical decay. The disease is at- 
tended with the symptoms of these various stages, 
catatoniac, catatonic (kat-at-o'ne-ak, kat-at- 
on'ik). Pertaining to catatonia. 
catatricrotic (kat"ah-tri-krot'ik). Having a 
second and third expansion after the principal 
one: used of the descending wave of a pulse- 
tracing, or of the pulse itself. 
catatricrotism (kat-ah-trik'ro-tizm) [Gr. Kara. 
down + rpeis three + Kpbros beat]. The quality 
of being catatricrotic. 
catatropia (kat-at-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. Kara. down -|- 
Tpeireiv to turn]. Same as cataphoria. 
catechin (kat'ek-in). Catechuic acid; a crystal- 
line principle, Cj9HlgO8 + sH2O, from catechu. 
catechol (kat'ek-ol). Pyrocatechin. 
catechu (kat'e-ku). A powerfully astringent ex- 
tract from the wood of Aca'cia cat'echu: used in 
diarrhea, and locally for sore throat, etc. Dose, 
1-30 gr. (0.066-2 gm.); of compound tincture, io- 
do min. (0.666-4 c.c.); of tincture, 1 dr. (4 c.c.); 
of compound powder, 20-40 gr. (1.25-2.5 gm.). 
catelectrotonus (kat"el-ek-trot'o-nus) [Gr. Kara 
down + electrotonus]. Increase of irritability of 
a nerve or muscle when near the cathode. 
catenating (kat'en-a-ting) [L. cate'na a chain]. 
Forming part of a chain or complex of symp- 
toms. 
catenoid (kat'en-oid) [L. cate'na chain]. Arranged 
like a chain; resembling a chain. 
catenulate (kat-en'u-lat). Same as catenoid. 
catgut (kat'gut). Sheep's intestine prepared as a 
cord, asepticized, and used as a ligature and in 
drainage, chromic c., chromicized c., cat- 
gut sterilized and impregnated with chromium tri- 
oxid. formalin c., catgut impregnated with 
formalin by boiling in an alcohol-formalin solution, 
i. k. i. c., catgut treated with a solution of 1 part 
of iodin in 100 parts of a potassium iodid solution, 
iodin c., catgut that has been immersed in a solu- 
tion of iodin and iodid of potassium, iodochro- 
mic C., catgut treated with a solution of iodin, 
potassium iodid, and potassium dichromate, sil- 
verized c., catgut impregnated with silver to give 
it increased strength and resisting qualities. 
Cath. Abbreviation for L. calhar'ticus, cathartic. 
Cath'a ed'ulis. A plant of Arabia and Abyssinia 
whose leaves and twigs are employed in preparing a 
stimulating beverage called khat. 
catharma (kath-ar'mah) [Gr.]. The refuse of 
sacrifice: used as remedies in Greek medicine. 
catharmos (kath-ar'mos) [Gr.]. Incantations 
(hymns) against disease. 
catharsis (kath-ar'sis) [Gr. Kadapats]. 1. A cleans- 
ing or purgation. 2. Freud's treatment of psycho- 
neuroses by encouraging the patient to tell every- 
thing that happens to be associated with a given 
train of thought, thus securing a "purging" of the 
mind from the original affect-memory which is the 
cause of the symptoms. Called also psycho- 
catharsis and abreaction. 
cathartic (kath-aFtik) [Gr. Ka^aprixos]. 1. Purga- 
tive or causing purgation. 2. A medicine that 
quickens and increases the evacuation from the 
bowels and produces purgation. See purgative. 
c. method. See catharsis (2d def.). 
cathartin (kath-arTin). A bitter principle from 
senna and from jalap, and another from Rham'nus 
cathar'ticus, or buckthorn. 
catheter (kath'e-ter) [Gr. KaOerqp]. A tubular 
surgical instrument for discharging fluids from a 
cavity of the body or for distending a passage. 
Bozeman's c., Bozeman-Fritsch c., a CATHETERISM 
221 
double-current uterine catheter, c. & de- 
meure, a catheter that is held in position in 
the urethra, elbowed c., one with a sharp 
bend near the beak: used principally in cases 
of enlarged prostate. eustachian c., an 
instrument for extending the eustachian tube 
and for treating diseases of the middle ear. fau- 
cial c., a eustachian catheter to be used through 
the fauces, female c., a short catheter for the 
female urethra, c.-fever, a febrile attack due to 
injury in passing a catheter. Fritsch's c., 
Bozeman-Fritsch catheter, c.-gage, a plate with 
graduated perforations for measuring the diameter 
of catheters. Gouley's c., a solid, curved 
instrument to be passed through a urethral 
stricture. Itard's c., a variety of eustachian 
catheter. C.-life, the condition in which a pa- 
tient is more or less dependent on the use of a 
catheter for the discharge of his urine, lobster- 
tail C., one with three joints at the tip. Mer- 
cier's c., a flexible catheter elbowed at the end: 
used in hypertrophied prostate. Nelaton's c., 
a catheter of soft india-rubber, prostatic c., 
a catheter having a short angular tip for passing 
an enlarged prostate, railway-c., a straight 
elastic catheter with an open end to be introduced 
with a filiform guide in cases of stricture. Schrdt- 
ter's c., a hard-rubber catheter of varying caliber, 
used for dilating laryngeal strictures, self-re- 
taining c., a catheter so constructed as to be 
retained at will and effect a drainage of the bladder. 
Squire's c., a vertebrated catheter, two-way 
C., a form used in irrigation, vertebrated c., 
a catheter made in small sections fitted together so 
as to be flexible, winged c., a catheter with two 
projections on the end to retain it in the bladder. 
catheterism, catheterization (kath'et-er-izm, 
kath"et-er-iz-a'shun). The employment or pas- 
sage of a catheter. 
catheterostat (kath-e-teFo-stat). A holder for 
containing and sterilizing catheters. 
catheterpin (kath-e-ter'pin). A proprietary pro- 
phylactic irrigation for syphilis, consisting of 
mercury oxycyanate, glycerin, tragacanth, and 
distilled water. 
cathisophobia (kath-is-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Kadi^eiu 
to sit down + <p60os fear]. See akathisia. 
cathodal (kath-o'dal). Of or pertaining to the 
cathode, c. closure clonus (CCC1), clonic mus- 
cular contraction occurring at the cathode when 
the electric circuit is closed, c. closure con- 
traction, includes cathodal closure clonus and 
cathodal closure tetanus, c. closure tetanus 
(CCTe), tetanic muscular contraction occurring 
at the cathode when the electric circuit is closed, 
c. opening clonus (COCI), clonic muscular con- 
traction taking place in the muscles at the cathode 
when the circuit is opened or broken, c. open- 
ing contraction, includes cathodal opening 
clonus and cathodal opening tetanus, c. open- 
ing tetanus (COTe), tetanic muscular contrac- 
tion taking place at the cathode when the electric 
current is opened or broken. 
cathode (kath'od) [Gr. Kara down fl- 066s way]. 
The negative electrode or pole of a galvanic cir- 
cuit; the electrode through which a current leaves 
a nerve or other substance, c.-rays. See under 
ray. 
cathodic (kath-od'ik). 1. Pertaining to or emanat- 
ing from a cathode. 2. Centrifugal, as applied to 
the course of nervous influence. 
cathodograph (kath-od'o-graf). A skiagram. 
catholicon (kath-ol'ik-on) [Gr. " universal "]. A 
panacea or universal medicine. 
cation (kat'e-on) [Gr. Karluv descending]. The ele- 
ment which passes to the cathode in electrolysis; 
an electropositive element (opposed to anion). 
Cations include all the metals and hydrogen. In 
reactions cations are indicated by a dot or a plus 
sign at the upper right-hand corner of the symbol, 
asH' or H+. 
cativi (kat-e've). A parasitic skin disease of 
Central America, resembling pinta. 
Catlin, catling (kat'lin, kat'ling). A long, straight, 
sharp-pointed knife used in amputations. 
catnep, catnip (kat'nep, kat'nip). See cataria. 
catophoria (kat-o-fo're-ah). See katotropia. 
catoptric (kat-op'trik) [Gr. Karo-n-rpiKos]. Pertain- 
ing to a mirror or to reflected light. See test. 
catoptrics (kat-op'triks). That branch of physisc 
treating of reflected light. 
catoptrophobia (kat-op-tro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Karoir- 
rpov mirror + <p6^os fear]. Morbid dread of 
mirrors. 
catoptroscope (kat-op'tro-skbp) [Gr. Karo-Krpov 
mirror 4- aKoneiv to view]. An instrument for ex- 
amining objects by reflected light. 
catotropia (kat-o-tro'pe-ah). See katotropia. 
catramin (kat-ram'in). A terebinthinate essential 
oil: stimulant, diuretic, and expectorant. 
cat's-ear (kats'er). A deformed ear resembling 
that of a cat. 
cat's-eye, amaurotic. Glioma of the retina. 
cat's-purr (kats'pur). A purring heart-sound in- 
dicative of valvular disease. 
cattle-plague. See under plague. 
cattle-tick. See Bodphilus. 
cauda (kaw'dah) [L. " tail "]. Any tail-shaped 
appendage, c. cerebel'li, the vermiform proc- 
ess of the cerebellum, c. epididym'idis, a 
tail-like part of the epididymis, c. equi'na [L. 
" horse's tail" ], the aboral termination of the 
spinal cord, consisting of the aggregated sacral 
and coccygeal nerves, c. hel'icis, the inferior 
and dorsal parts of the helix of the ear. c. pan- 
cre'atis, a slender extension of the pancreas 
toward the left. c. stria'ti, the narrow portion 
of the nucleus caudatus. 
caudad (kaw'dad). In a caudal direction; toward 
a cauda or tail. 
caudal (kaw'dal). Of or pertaining to a cauda. 
caudalward (kaw'dal-ward). Toward the caudal 
or posterior end. 
caudate (kaw'dat) [L. cauda'tus\. Having a tail. 
cauda tolenticular, caudolenticular (kaw-da"- 
to-len-tik'u-lar, kaw"do-len-tik'u-lar). Pertaining 
to the caudate and lenticular nuclei of the striatum. 
caudatum (kaw-da'tum) [L.]. The nucleus cauda- 
tus. 
caudex (kaw'deks), pl. cau'dices [LJ. A stem or 
stem-like part. c. cere'bri, the crura cerebri. 
caudiduct (kaw'de-dukt) [L. cau'da tail + du'cere 
to draw]. To draw in a caudal direction. 
caudocephalad (kaw-do-sef'al-ad) [L. cau'da tail 
+ Gr. Ke<pa\i) head + ad toward]. Both caudad 
and cephalad. 
caul (kawl). r. The great omentum or epiploon. 
2. A piece of amnion which sometimes envelops 
a child's head at birth. 
cauliflower excrescence (kaw'lif-lowr). A form 
of epithelioma of the cervix uteri. 
caulophyllin (kaw-lo-fil'in). A resinous pre- 
cipitate obtained from Caulophyl'lum thalictroi'- 
des. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.324 gm.). 
caulophyllum (kaw-lo-fil'um) [Gr. KauXos stem 
+ pvKKov leaf]. The rhizome and roots of C. 
thalictroi'des, a North American berberidaceous 
plant. It is sedative, diaphoretic, and antispas- 
modic. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.324-1.95 gm.). 
caumesthesia (kaw-mes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. Kavpa. 
burn -f- aiaOrjcns sensation]. A condition in which, 
with a low temperature, the patient experiences 
a sense of burning heat. 
causal (kaw'zal). Pertaining to a cause; directed 
against a cause. 
causalgia (kaw-zal'je-ah) [Gr. Kavaos heat + 
aXyos pain], A neuralgia characterized by in- 
tense local sensation as of burning pain. 
CAUSALGIA CAUSE 
222 
CAVITY 
cause (kawz) [L. cau'sa], That which brings 
about any condition or produces any effect, con- 
stitutional C., one which resides within the 
body and is not local, exciting c., one which 
leads directly to an attack of disease, immedi- 
ate C., an exciting cause that is not remote or 
secondary; any cause which is operative at the 
beginning of an attack, local C., one which is 
not general or constitutional, predisposing c., 
anything which renders a person liable to an at- 
tack of disease without actually producing it. 
primary C., the principal or original cause of 
an attack, proximate c., that which imme- 
diately precedes and produces a disease, re- 
mote C., any cause which is not immediate in 
its effect; a predisposing, secondary, or ultimate 
cause, secondary c., one which helps to bring 
on an attack of disease, specific c., a cause 
which will produce some special or specific dis- 
ease. ultimate c., one which may be consid- 
ered the original cause in point of time; the most 
remote cause. 
caustic (kaws'tik) [L. cans'ticus; Gr. KavarcKos]. 
1. Burning or corrosive; destructive to living 
tissues. 2. Having a burning taste. 3. An es- 
charotic or corrosive agent. Churchill's iodin 
C., a caustic solution of iodin and potassium iodid in 
water. Landolfi's c., a compound containing 
chlorids of antimony, bromin, gold, and zinc. Lu- 
gol's C., one part each of iodin and potassium iodid 
dissolved in two parts of water, lunar c., silver 
nitrate, mitigated c., silver nitrate diluted with 
potassium nitrate. Plunket's c., a caustic 
paste made of 60 parts of arsenic, 100 of sulphur, 
and 480 each of Ranunculus acris and Ranunculus 
flammula. Rousselot's c., a caustic containing 
red mercuric sulphid, burnt sponge, and arsenous 
acid. Vienna c., caustic potash with lime. 
causticize (kaws'tis-iz). To render caustic. 
causticum (kaws'tik-um). A homeopathic prep- 
aration made by distilling a mixture of slaked 
lime and potassium disulphate. 
cauter (kaw'ter) [Gr. Kavrrjp]. A metallic instru- 
ment to be heated and used in actual cautery. 
cauterant (kaw'ter-ant). 1. Any caustic material 
or application. 2. Caustic. 
cauterization (kaw"ter-iz-a'shun). The applica- 
tion of a cautery or caustic. 
cautery (kaw'ter-e) [L. caute'rium; Gr. Kavrripiov]. 
1. The application of a caustic substance or of 
a hot iron. 2. A substance or hot iron used in 
cauterization, actual c. 1. Fire, a lens, a red- 
hot iron, or the moxa, used as a cauterizing agent. 
2. The application of an agent that actually burns 
the flesh, button-c., an iron disk with a handle, 
to be used as a cauter. cold c., cautery produced 
by the application of carbon dioxid. Corrigan's 
C., aformof button-cautery, dento-electric c., 
a form of galvanocautery for dentists' use. elec- 
tric c., galvanic c. See galvanocautery. 
gas-c., cauterization by means of a specially 
arranged jet of burning gas. Paquelin's c., 
a platinum point for use in cauterizing; hollow and 
filled with platinum sponge, through which a 
heated hydrocarbon vapor is blown. Percy c., 
an electric cautery introduced into the uterus and 
maintained at a temperature not sufficient to 
cause any charring of the tissues but merely to 
cook the whole area, the heat being sufficient to 
destroy malignant cells without devitalizing 
healthy tissue: used in inoperable carcinoma of 
the cervix. Called also cold iron method, poten- 
tial C., cauterization by an escharotic without ap- 
plying heat, solar c., cauterization by means of 
the rays of the sun concentrated with a lens or 
mirror, steam c. See atmocausis. virtual c. 
Same as potential c. 
cava (ka'vah) [L.]. A vena cava. 
caval (ka'val). Pertaining to a vena cava. 
cavalry-bone (kav'al-re). See under bone. 
cavascope (kav'as-kop) [L. ca'vum hollow + Gr. 
OKOirtiv to view]'. An instrument for illuminating 
and examining a cavity. 
cavatine (kav'at-en). A solution of trinitrocellu- 
lose in methyl alcohol, which forms an insoluble 
varnish used for painting the pulp-cavity of a 
tooth preparatory to filling it. 
cavern (kav'ern). A pathologic cavity, such as 
occurs in the lung in tuberculosis. 
caverniloquy (kav-er-nil'o-kwe) [L. caver'na cav- 
ity + lo'qui to speak]. The low-pitched pecto- 
riloquy indicative of a cavity. 
cavernitis (kav-er-ni'tis). Inflammation of the 
corpus cavernosum. 
cavernoma (kav-er-no'mah), pl. cavernoma' ta. 
Cavernous angioma; a vascular tumor with large 
blood-filled spaces, c. lymphat'icum. Same as 
lymphangioma cavernosum. 
cavernous (kav'er-nus) [L. caverno' sus]. Con- 
taining caverns or hollow spaces. 
caviblen (kav'ib-len). Bougies made of a combina- 
tion of silver with uranin: used in treatment of 
gonorrhea. 
cavilla (kav-il'ah). The sphenoidal bone. 
cavitary (kav'it-a-re). i. Characterized by the 
presence of a cavity or cavities. 2. Any ento- 
zoon with a body-space or alimentary canal. 
cav'itas glenoida'lis [L.]. The glenoid cavity, 
cavitation (kav-it-a'shun). The formation of cavi- 
ties, as in pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Cavite fever (kah-ve-ta') [the name of a town on 
Manila Bay, Philippine Islands]. See fever. 
cavitis (ka-vi'tis). Inflammation of a cava; celo- 
phlebitis. 
cavity (kav'it-e) [L. ca'vus hollow]. Any hollow place 
or space; especially a space within the body or in 
one of its organs. In dentistry, a hollow or hole 
in a tooth produced by caries, abdominal c., 
the space within the peritoneum and abdominal 
walls, amniotic c., the closed sac between the 
embryo and the amnion, containing the liquor 
amnii. ankyroid c., the descending cornu of the 
lateral ventricle, arachnoid c., the space be- 
tween the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater. 
V. Baer's c., the segmentation cavity of the blas- 
toderm. complex c., a tooth cavity which in- 
volves more than one surface of the tooth. C. of 
concha, the hollow portion of the concha forming 
the vestibule to the external auditory meatus, 
cotyloid c., the acetabulum, cranial c., the 
hollow within the skull, cutigeral c., the de- 
pression in the inner upper edge of a horse's hoof, 
digital c., the posterior cornu of the lateral 
ventricle, epidural c., the space between the 
walls of the spinal canal and the dura mater of the 
cord, fissure c., a tooth cavity having its 
origin in a fissure, glenoid c., a cavity in the 
head of the scapula for articulation with the hu- 
merus. hemal c., the coelom, lymph-c's, the 
larger lymph-spaces and cisterns. Some writers re- 
gard all the serous and synovial cavities as lymph- 
cavities. mastoid c., a large space sometimes 
formed by the coalescence of the mastoid cells; also 
the mastoid antrum. Meckel's c., a cavity be- 
tween the two layers of the dura mater at the end of 
the petrous portion of the temporal bones, nasal 
c., the nasal fossa, oral c., the cavity of the 
mouth, pelvic c., the space within the walls of the 
pelvis, pericardiac c., the space between the 
heart and pericardium, peritoneal c., the space 
within the parietal peritoneum containing all the 
abdominal organs except the kidney, pharyn- 
gonasal c., the nasopharynx, pit c., a tooth 
cavity beginning in a pit. pleuroperitoneal 
C., the coelom, or body cavity, preperito- 
neal c., the loose subperitoneal tissue in front 
of the bladder, pulp c., the central cavity or 
chamber in a tooth which contains the dental 
pulp. The portion of the pulp cavity within the 
crown is called the pulp chamber, and the portion CAVOSURFACE ANGLE 
223 
CEDRON 
within the root, the root canal. Retzius' c., the 
preperitoneal cavity. Rosenmuller's c., a de- 
pression on either side of the pharyngeal opening of 
the eustachian tube, segmentation c., the cav- 
ity formed in a fertilized ovum by segmentation: 
the blastocele. serous c., any cavity, like that 
inclosed by the peritoneum or pleura, not com- 
municating with the external atmosphere, and 
secreting serum; some writers consider these cavities 
as large lymph-spaces, sigmoid c., either of the 
two depressions (greater and lesser) in the head of 
the ulna for articulation with the humerus and 
radius; also a depression at the distal end of the 
radius for its articulation with the ulna, somatic 
c., the coelom, splanchnic c., one of the three 
great cavities of the body-cranium, chest, and 
abdomen, subgerminal c. 1. The yolk-cav- 
ity or space beneath the germ in the early ovum. 
2. The segmentation cavity, or blastocele. tho- 
racic C., the cavity of the chest; that part of the 
body cavity situated cephalad from the diaphragm, 
visceral c., the cavity of the body containing the 
viscera, yolk-c., the open space found within 
the yolk. 
cavosurface angle (ka-vo-ser'vis). See under 
angle. 
cavovalgus (ka-vo-val'gus). Cavus complicated 
with valgus. 
cavum (ka'vum) [L. "a hollow"]. Any open 
space or cavity, c. abdom inis [B N A], the ab- 
dominal cavity, c. articula're [B N A], a joint 
cavity, c. con'chae [B N A], the cavity of the 
concha, c. epidura'le [B N A], the epidural cav- 
ity. c. meck'lii, Meckel's cavity. c. medias- 
tina'le ante'rius [B N A], the anterior medias- 
tinum. c. mediastina'le poste'rius [B N A], 
the posterior mediastinum, c. medulla're, the 
medullary cavity of a bone. c. na'si [B N A], the 
nasal fossa, c. o'ris [B N A], the cavity or hollow 
of the mouth, c. pel'vis [B N A], the pelvic cav- 
ity. c. peritonae'i [B N A], peritoneal cavity. 
C. plu'rae IB N A], the pleural cavity, c. ret'zii, 
the space formed when the fold of the peritoneum 
in front of the bladder is raised by distention of 
the bladder, c. sep'ti pellu'cidi [B N A], the 
fifth ventricle, c. subarachnoida'le [B N A], the 
subarachnoid space, c. subdura'le [B N A], the 
subdural space, c. thora'cis [B N A], the thoracic 
cavity, c. tym'pani [B N A], the cavity of the 
tympanum, c. u'teri [B N A], the uterine cavity. 
cavus (ka'vus). Same as talipes cavus. 
cayaponin (ka-yap'o-nin). A purgative alkaloid 
from Cayapo'na globulo'sa, a cucurbitaceous plant 
of South America. Dose, 1 gr. (0.06 gm.). 
Cayenne pepper (kah-yen'). Same as capsicum. 
cayor-worm. See Ochromyia anthropophaga. 
Cazenave's lupus (kaz-navs') [P. L. Alphee 
Cazenave, French dermatologist, 1795-1877]. See 
under lupus. 
Cb. Chemical symbol of columbium. 
C. B. Abbreviation for Chirurgice Baccalaureus, 
Bachelor of Surgery. 
C.C., Cc. Abbreviations for cubic centimeter. 
CCC. Abbreviation for cathodal closure contraction. 
CCC1. Abbreviation for cathodal closing contrac- 
tion. 
CC14. Tetrachlormethane. 
CC13.CHO. Chloral. 
CC13.CH(OH)2. Chloral hydrate. 
c.cm., Cem. Abbreviations for cubic centimeter. 
C. C. S. Abbreviation for casualty clearing station. 
CCTe. Abbreviation for cathodal closure tetanus. 
Cd. Symbol of cadmium; also abbreviation for 
caudal or coccygeal: used in vertebral formulas. 
C-E mixture or method. See under mixture. 
Ce. Symbol of cerium. 
ceanothin (se-an-o'thin). A purgative extractive 
from Ceano'thus america'nus: used in dysentery,, 
syphilis, etc. Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 gm.). 
cearin (se'ah-rin) [ceara a place-name]. A mix- 
ture of carnauba wax, 25 parts, with ceresin, 75 
parts: used in ointments. 
ceasmic (se-as'mik) [Gr. chip]. Character- 
ized by the persistence after birth of embryonic 
fissures. 
cebocephalia (se"bo-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. Krj^os monkey 
+ Ke<pa\r) head]. A monkey-like deformity of the 
fetal head, with absence of the nose. 
cebocephalus (se-bo-sef'al-us). See cebocephalia. 
A monster-fetus with defective nose and the eyes 
close together. 
cecal, caecal (se'kal) [L. cacal'is\. 1. Ending in a 
blind passage. 2. Pertaining to the cecum. 
cecectomy, caecectomy (se-sek'to-me) [ce'cum 4- 
Gr. ex out + ro^ a cutting]. Surgical removal of 
a part of the cecum. 
cecitis, caecitis (se-si'tis). Inflammation of the 
cecum. 
ceco-ileostomy (se"ko-il-e-os'to-me) [cecum ileum 
+ Gr. Orona, mouth or opening]. The operation of 
making an opening through the abdominal wall 
into the ileum at the ileocecal valve. 
cecopexy (se'ko-peks-e) [cecum 4- Gr. fixa- 
tion], The operation of fixing the cecum to the 
abdominal wall to cure excessive mobility of the 
part. 
cecoplication (se"ko-pli-ka'shun) [L. cce'cum + 
pli'ca fold]. The operation of taking a fold in the 
cecum to correct ptosis of the part. 
cecoptosis (se-kop-to'sis) [cecum 4- Gr. irrwais 
falling]. Ptosis or falling of the cecum. 
cecosigmoidostomy (se"ko-sig-moi-dos'to-me). 
The surgical formation of an anastomosis between 
the cecum and the sigmoid. 
cecostomy, caecostomy (se-kos'to-me) [cecum 4- 
Gr. arb/uia. mouth]. The surgical creation of an 
artificial anus leading into the cecum. 
cecotomy (se-kot'o-me) [cecum 4- Gr. rop-V cut]. 
The operation of cutting into the cecum. 
cecum, caecum (se'kum) [L. cce'cum blind, blind' 
gut]. 1. The dilated intestinal pouch into which 
open the ileum, the colon, and the appendix 
vermiformis. 2. Any blind pouch or culdesac. 
hepatic c., a pouching of the embryonic intestine 
which develops into the liver, c. mo'bile, ab- 
normal mobility of the cecum and lower portion 
of the ascending colon, c. vestib'uli, the lower 
blind end of the scala vestibuli. 
cedar (se'dar) [L. ce'drus; Gr. KtSpos]. A name 
for many trees, principally coniferous trees, of 
the genera Ce'drus, Junip'erus, and Cupres'sus, 
etc., but misapplied also to trees of the genus 
Ced'rela, etc. c.-oil. 1. An oil from Junip'erus 
oxyce'drus: used by the ancients in embalming 
and in preserving books. 2. The volatile oil of 
Junip'erus Virginia'na: used in microscopy as a 
clarifying agent. 3. A volatile oil distilled from the 
leaves of Cedronel'la triphyl'la, a labiate plant of 
■ Europe. 
cedar-wood oil (se'dar-). A volatile oil from the 
wood of Ced'rela odora'ta, a tree of tropical America. 
Cedrela (sed'rel-ah). A genus of trees of the order 
Melia'cece, mostly tropical, and misnamed cedar. 
C. febrif'uga, of Java, and other species, have 
valuable medicinal qualities. 
cedrene (sed'ren). A terpene from the oil of red 
cedar; also any terpene of the same composition- 
with it 
cedrin (se'drin). A bitter principle, in yellow 
crystals, from the seeds of Sima'ba ce'dron: feb- 
rifuge. 
cedron (se'dron). A tree of tropical America, 
Sima'ba ce'dron: the seeds are locally used in> 
medicine and the wood is febrifugal. Dose of 
rasped wood, 10-30 gr. (0.65-1.94 gm.). CEDRONELLA 
224 
CELL 
Cedronella (sed-ro-nel'ah). A genus of fragrant 
labiate plants growing in Europe and North 
America: antispasmodic and carminative. 
cehasol (se-ha'sol). A dark brown viscous sub- 
stance obtained by the fractional distillation of 
shale and used in the treatment of skin diseases. 
Cel. Abbreviation for Celsius. (The Celsius thermo- 
metric scale.) 
cel (sei). A unit of velocity, being the velocity of 
one centimeter per second. 
celandine (sel'an-din). See Chelidonium. 
celarium (se-la're-um). See ccelarium. 
celastrin (se-las'trin). A crystalline substance 
obtainable from Celas'trus scan'dens: said to be 
poisonous. 
Celastrus scandens (se-las'trus). The staff-tree, 
bittersweet, or waxwork; a climbing shrub of the 
United States; diaphoretic, emetic, and altera- 
tive Dose of fluidextract, 1-2 dr. (3.89-7.8 c.c.). 
relation (se-la'shun) [L. cela're to conceal]. The 
concealing of pregnancy or of the birth of a 
child. 
-cele (-sei) [Gr. KiiXri hernia]. A suffix signifying 
a tumor or swelling. 
celectome (se'lek-tbm) [Gr. Kr]Xr) tumor 4* tKropij 
excision]. An instrument for removing a piece of 
tissue from a tumor for examination. 
celenteron (se-len'ter-on). See archenteron. 
celerina (sel-e-ri'nah). A proprietary nerve medi- 
cine, said to contain celery, coca, kola, etc. 
celery (sel'er-e). See Apium. 
celiac, coeliac (se'le-ak) [Gr. KoiXia belly]. Per- 
taining to the abdomen. 
celialgia, coelialgia (se-le-al'je-ah) [Gr. KoiXia 
belly + aXyos pain]. Pain in the abdomen. 
celiectasia (se"le-ek-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. KoiXia belly + 
(Kravis distention]. Excessive size of the ab- 
dominal cavity. 
celiectomy (se-le-ek'to-me) [Gr. KoiXia belly + 
(Kropr) excision]. Surgical removal of any ab- 
dominal organ. 
celiocentesis (se"le-o-sen-te'sis) [Gr. KoiXia belly 
+ kcvt^vis puncture]. Puncture of the abdo- 
men. 
celiocolpotomy (se"le-o-kol-pot'o-me) [Gr. KoiXia 
belly + koXtcos vagina 4- ropr) cut]. Vaginal 
celiotomy. 
celio-elytrotomy (se"le-o-el-it-rot'o-me) [Gr. 
KoiXia belly -T HXvrpov sheath -T ropr) cut]. Vagi- 
nal celiotomy. 
celio-enterotomy (se"le-o-en-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
KoiXia belly 4- enterotomy], Incision through the 
abdominal wall into the intestine. 
celiogastrotomy (se"le-o-gas-trot'o-me) [Gr. KoiXia 
belly 4- yavrrjp stomach]. The opening of the 
stomach through an abdominal section. 
celiohysterectomy (se"le-o-his-ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. 
KoiXia belly 4- hysterectomy]. Excision of the 
uterus by an abdominal incision; the Porro- 
cesarean section. 
celiohystero-odthecectomy (se"Ie-o-his"ter-o- 
o-o-the-sek'to-me). Excision of the uterus and 
ovaries through an abdominal incision. 
celiohysterosalpingo-obthecectomy (se"le-o- 
his"ter-o-sal"pin-go-o-c-the-sek'to-me). Excision 
of uterus, ovaries, and tubes through an abdom- 
inal incision. 
celiohysterotomy (se"le-o-his-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
KoiXia belly -|~ hysterotomy]. Opening of the 
uterus by an abdominal incision; cesarean sec- 
tion. 
celiomyalgia (se"le-o-mi-al'je-ah). Same as myo- 
celialgia. 
celiomyomectomy (se"le-o-mi-o-mek'to-me) [Gr. 
KoiXia belly 4- myomectomy], Myomectomy by 
an abdominal incision. 
celiomyomotomy (se"le-o-mi-o-mot'o-me) [Gr. 
KoiXia belly 4- myomotomy]. Celiomyomectomy. 
celiomyositis (se"le-o-mi-o-si'tis) [Gr. KoiXia belly 
+ myosilts]. Inflammation of the abdominal 
muscles. 
celioparacentesis (se"le-o-par-ah-sen-te'sis) [Gr. 
KoiXia belly + paracentesis]. Paracentesis of the 
abdomen. 
celiopyosis (se"le-o-pi-o'sis) [Gr. KoiXia belly + 
Pyosis]. Suppuration in the abdominal cavity. 
celiorrhaphy (se-le-or'af-e) [Gr. KoiXia belly + 
pa<pr) suture]. Suture of the abdominal wall. 
celiosalpingectomy(se"le-o-sal-pin-jek'to-me)[Gr. 
KoiXia belly 4" salpingectomy], Excision of a fal- 
lopian tube by an abdominal incision. 
celiosalpingo-odthecectomy (se"le-o-sal"ping- 
o-o-o-the-sek'to-me). Excision of the oviduct and 
ovary through an abdominal incision. 
celiosalpingotomy (se"le-o-sal-pin-got'o-me). 
The operation of incising the oviduct through an 
abdominal section. 
celioscope (se'le-o-skop) [Gr. koIXos hollow 4- 
<TKO7reiv to examine]. An instrument for illumin- 
ating and examining body-cavities. 
celioscopy, coelioscopy (se-le-os'ko-pe). Exam- 
ination of the peritoneal cavity by filling it with 
sterile air through a hollow needle, and passing a 
cystoscope through a trocar into the distended 
abdominal wall. 
celiotomy (se-le-ot'o-me) [Gr. KoiXia belly + rop-q 
a cut]. Surgical incision into the abdominal 
cavity, vaginal c., the operation of entering 
the abdominal cavity by an incision through the 
vagina. 
celitis, coelitis (se-li'tis). Any abdominal inflam- 
mation. 
cell (sei) [L. cel'lula, dim. of cel'la], i. Any one 
of the minute protoplasmic masses which make 
up organized tissue, consisting of a circumscribed 
mass of protoplasm containing a nucleus. 2. A 
small, more or less closed space. 3. One of the 
chambers holding the fluids or elements of a 
galvanic battery. 4. In microscopy, a chamber 
used for the examination and preservation of 
specimens, acid c., a large cell of the stomach- 
glands of a kind believed to secrete the acid of the 
gastric juice, acidophylic c., a cell having an 
affinity for acid dyes, acoustic hair-c., any one 
of the many stiff, ciliated bodies in relation to the 
inner and outer rods of Corti; hence they are 
grouped as inner and outer hair-cells, adelo- 
morphous c.,a variety of transparent columnar 
cells found in the lining of the stomach glands: be- 
lieved to secrete pepsinogen, adipose c., a fat- 
cell. adventitial c., perithelial cell, agranu- 
lation c's, eosinophil and oxyphil granules 
in the leukocytes, air-c., an air-vesicle or 
alveolus of the lungs, albuminous c. See 
serous. c. algoid c's, cells resembling algae, 
seen in cases of chronic diarrhea, amacrine c. 
Same as amacrine, ameboid c., any cell which 
is able to change its form and move about, anti- 
podal c ' s, a group of four cells in the early embryo, 
apolar c., a nerve-cell with no processes or poles, 
apoplectic C., a cavity in the brain formed by 
effusion of blood in apoplexy, arkyochrome c., 
a nerve-cell in which the Nissl bodies are arranged 
in a network, auditory c's, cells in the internal 
ear bearing the auditory hairs, balloon c's, 
peculiar degenerated cells in the vesicles of herpes 
zoster, basal c., basilar c., one of the cells of 
the deep layer of the epithelium, basket-c. 1. A 
cell of the cerebellar cortex whose axon gives off 
brushes of fibrils, forming a basket-like nest in 
which the body of each Purkinje cell rests. 2. A 
degenerated leukocyte consisting of strands of 
nuclear substance arranged in a coarse network, 
basophilic c., a cell staining readily with basic 
dyes, battery-c., one of the chambers of a 
galvanic battery, containing its fluids and es- CELL 
225 
CELL 
sehtial elements. beaker-c. See goblet-c. 
Beale's ganglion-c's, bipolar cells with one 
process coiled around the other. Betz's c's, large 
ganglion-cells forming one of the layers of the motor 
area of the gray matter of the brain: called also 
giant pyramids, bichromate c., dichromate 
c. See Grenet c. bipolar c., a nerve-cell with 
two processes, blood-c., red, a red blood-cor- 
puscle. blood-c., white, a leukocyte of the 
blood, c.-body, that portion of a cell which in- 
closes the nucleus, bone-c., a nucleated cell 
occupying each a separate lacuna of bone, bor- 
der c's. See delomorphous c's. Bbttcher's 
c's, cells of the cochlea, occurring in a single layer 
on the basilar membrane, breviradiate c's, 
neuroglia cells which have short prolongations, 
bristle-c's, the hair-cells associated with the 
auditory and cochlear nerves, bronchic c., an 
air-cell of the lungs, brood c., mother cell. 
Cajal c., a form of neuron peculiar to the molec- 
ular layer of the cerebral cortex, calciform c. 
Same as goblet-c. calcigerous c's, osteoblasts 
containing calcareous deposits, seen during ossi- 
fication. capsule c. See amphicyte. C.-cap- 
sule, a thick cell wall, cartilage-c's, cells 
embedded in the lacunae of the cartilages, cau- 
date c's, neuroglia cells of the gray matter 
having several streaming prolongations like 
the tail of a comet; called also cometal c's. cen- 
tral c. See adelomorphous c. centro-acinar 
c's, branching or spindle-shaped cells in the 
lumina of acini of the pancreas: they serve to 
support the elements of the inner wall, chalice-c. 
Same as goblet-c. chief c. Same as adelomorphous 
c. chromaffin c's. See chromaffin, ciliated 
C., any cell with movable cilia. Claudius' c's, 
large nucleated cells on each side of the arches of 
Corti, cochlear c's, specialized cells of the 
cochlea, some of which are percipient elements 
connected with the auditory nerve; others, hair- 
cells associated with the cochlear nerve, colum- 
nar c. Same as cylindric c. cometal c's. See 
caudate c's. commissural c's. Same as hetero- 
meral c's. connective-tissue c's, a general 
name for the cellular elements of the various 
forms of connective tissue. See fibroblast, con- 
tractile fiber-c's, the spindle-shaped and 
nucleated cells which, collected into bundles, 
make up unstriped muscular fiber, corneal 
c., a modified connective-tissue cell occupy- 
ing each corneal space, c's of Corti, the 
hair-cells on the outer surface of the organ of 
Corti, counting-c., an apparatus for counting 
the blood-corpuscles or other cells in a given quan- 
tity of fluid, cover-c., any cell which covers 
and protects other cells; especially any long epithe- 
lial cell of the outer layer of the taste-buds, cres- 
cent c's. Same as marginal c's. cribrose c., 
one whose walls are perforated with numerous 
sieve-like pores, cuboid c., an epithelial cell of 
which the transverse and vertical diameters are 
equal, cylindric c., any epithelial cell of 
cylindric form. Daniell c., a form of two-fluid 
cell for the galvanic battery: the collecting plate 
is of copper, and the fluids (dilute sulphuric acid 
and copper-sulphate solution) are separated by 
a porous diaphragm, daughter-c., any cell 
formed by the division of a mother-cell, de- 
cidual c's, large nucleated cells with granular 
contents arising from the connective tissue of the 
uterine mucous membrane. Deiters' c's. 1. 
Cells with delicate processes on the basilar mem- 
brane of the cochlea. 2. Neuroglia cells, delo- 
morphous c's, the supposed acid-secreting cells 
of the stomach. They are large cells lying be- 
tween the basement-membrane of the tubules of 
the cardiac glands and the adelomorphous cells. 
Called also acid c's, oxyntic c's, and parietal c's. 
demilune c's, the granular protoplasmic cells 
of mucous glands between the mucous cells and 
the basement-membrane, dentin-c., a modified 
connective-tissue cell peculiar to dentin, c.-di- 
vision, fission of a cell, either direct or indirect: 
for the latter, see karyokinesis. Direct cell-division 
is either segmentation or gemmation, dome-c's, 
the large cells which compose the epitrichium of 
the fetus, dust c's, endothelial leukocytes which 
contain carbon or dust particles. ectoplas- 
tic c's, those in which the processes of meta- 
morphosis occur upon the surface or in the ec- 
toplasm. egg-c., the immature ovum while it is 
embedded within the ovary, elementary c's, 
embryonal c's, small round cells produced by 
the segmentation of the ovum, emigrated c., a 
leukocyte which has passed through the wall of a 
blood-vessel into the neighboring tissue, enamel- 
c. Same as ameloblast, encasing c. Same as 
cover-c. endothelial c., a form of flat cell 
lining all serous and lymphatic cavities, endo- 
thelioid c's, large protoplasmic cells frequently 
seen in disease of the blood-making organs and 
believed to be derived from the endothelial lining 
of the blood- and lymph-vessels; called also epi- 
thelioid c's. entoplastic c's, those in which the 
processes of metamorphosis take place within their 
substance and not on their surface, ependymal 
c's, the cells of the ependyma, epidermic c's, 
the cells of the epidermis, epithelial c's, cells 
which cover the surface of the body and line the 
alimentary, genito-urinary, respiratory, lacrimal, 
and tympanic tracts, epithelioid c., a cell 
that resembles an epithelial cell in shape. See 
endothelioid c's. ethmoid c's, large cavities, 
mainly in the lateral masses of the ethmoid bone, 
fat-c's, nucleated vesicles formed of protoplasmic 
membrane filled with fatty matter, ferment c., 
a cell which secretes a ferment, fiber-c., any elon- 
gated and linear cell, flagellate c., any motile 
cell having long cilia for propulsion, floor-c's, the 
cells of the floor of the arch of Corti, foam c. 
i. Peculiar foamy-looking cells, due to the pres- 
ence in the cell of cholesterin fat. Such cells are 
seen notably in xanthoma and have, therefore, 
been termed xanthoma c's. 2. Same as Mikulicz's 
c. follicle c., one of the cells which make 
up a follicle. formative c., an embryonal 
cell. Foule's c's, large nucleated epithe- 
lial cells seen in fluids from malignant ovarian 
cysts. Fuller c., a battery-cell resembling the 
Grenet cell, but employing a mixture of mercury 
and water as an amalgamating agent, fusi- 
form c. Same as spindle-c. gametoid c's, 
cancer cells resembling reproductive cells, gang- 
lion-c., a form of large nerve-cell, found espe- 
cially in the spinal ganglia, germ c's, the cells 
of an organism whose function it is to reproduce 
the kind, germinal c., one of the cells in 
the brain and spinal cord of the embryo which 
divide to form the primitive ganglion-cells or 
neuroblasts, giant-c., a very large cell fre- 
quently having several nuclei. The name is ap- 
plied especially to the largest cells of bone-marrow, 
which may be either mono- or multinucleate, and 
which are also known as myeloplaxes. c's 
of Giannuzzi, the demilune cells, gitter c., 
a large cell having a honeycomb appearance and 
containing many lipoid granules. Gley ' s c ' s, cells 
in the interstitial tissue of the testicle, glia-c., 
a cell of the neuroglia. goblet-c., a form of 
epithelial cell containing mucin and bulged 
out like a goblet. Cf. ptyocrinous. Golgi's 
c's, nerve-cells with very short processes in the 
posterior horns of the spinal cord. In Golgi cells of 
Type I the axons pass out of the gray matter, in 
those of Type II the axons do not pass out of the 
gray matter, gravity-c., a battery-cell like the 
Siemen and Halske, but the fluids are superim- 
posed upon each other with no intervening dia- 
phragm, being kept partly separate by the force of 
gravity. Grawitz c's. Same as slumber c's. 
Grenet c., a battery-cell with a carbon-collecting 
plate, the fluid and depolarizer being a solution of 
potassium dichromate. Grove c., a two-fluid gal- 
vanic cell charged with dilute sulphuric and nitric 
acids, containing respectively an element of zinc 
and of platinum, guanin-c., a small oval variety CELL 
226 
CELL 
Diagram of a typical cell : A, cell- 
wall ; B, cell-body : C, nucleus; E, nu- 
tleolus; E, centrosome; a, spongio- 
plasm ; b, hyaloplasm ; c, metaplasm or 
microsomes; d, exoplasm ; e, nuclear 
membrane ; f, nuclear network or chro- 
matin filaments; g, nuclear matrix ; 
h, nodal enlargements or net knots. 
(Leroy.) 
Purkinje's cell from the cerebellar cortex of the 
rabbit: a, telodendron : b, dendrite ; c, cell-body ; 
d, neuraxis. 
Cylindric ciliated cells: a, cilia 
cell-body; c, nucleus. 
Three cells of Deiters, showing 
the phalangeal processes, each ex- 
panding to form a phalanx of the 
reticular lamina, and also the 
spirally running nerve-fibrils. 
Taste-cells: <», cover-cells; 
b, taste-cells proper. 
A neuroglia-cell (glia-cell or spider- 
cell) from the white matter of the spinal 
Cord. 
Olfactory cells. 
Epithelial cells from various localities: a, squamous cells; b, prickle-cell from skia; 
c. columnar ciliated cell; d, goblet-cells; e, stratified epithelium. (Leroy.) CELL 
227 
CELL 
oi cell filled with white, refracting granules of 
guanin. guard-c's, endothelial cells which line 
the stomata of serous membranes, gustatory 
c's, the taste-cells, gyrochrome c. See gyro- 
chrome. hair-c's, epithelial cells with hair-like 
processes, heart-disease c's, epithelial cells 
containing granules of hematoidin: occurring in 
the sputum in chronic bronchitis from heart 
disease, hecatomeral c's [Gr. euarepov both 
+ pepos part], those cells of the gray matter of 
the spinal cord whose axis-cylinder processes divide, 
send one branch into the white substance of the 
same side of the cord, and another into the ante- 
rolateral columns of the other side, heckle-c. 
Same as prickle-c. Heidenhain's c's, the 
adelomorphous and delomorphous cells of the 
gastric glands. Henle's c's, large granu- 
lar nucleated cells in the seminiferous tubules. 
Hensen's c's, the outermost sustentacu- 
lar cells covering the organ oh Corti. he- 
patic c's, liver-c's, polygonal epithelial cells 
forming the substance of an acinus of the liver, 
heteromeral c's, nerve-cells of the gray 
matter of the spinal cord whose axis-cylinder 
processes pass to the white matter of the oppo- 
site side. Hill's c. See gravity-c. horn-c's. 
i. Epithelial cells that have lost their protoplasm, 
have sharp edges, and look horny. 2. Any gan- 
glion-cell of the horns of the spinal cord, hyper- 
chromatic C., any cell that contains more than 
the average number of chromosomes, ichthyoid 
c's. See megaloblast, incasing c's, a single layer 
of fusiform cells around the gustatory cells of the 
tongue, indifferent c., a cell which has no char- 
acteristic structure, or which is not an essential part 
of the tissue in which it is found, initial c's, germ- 
cells. interstitial c's of Leidig. See Leydig's 
interstitial c's. Kupff er 's c' s, large star-shaped or 
pyramidal cells lying along the walls of blood-capil- 
laries of the liver. Called also stellate c's. lacrimo- 
ethmoid c's, the ethmoid cells situated under 
the lacrimal bone. Langerhans' c's. 1. Star- 
shaped cells in the deeper portions of the germina- 
tive layer of the epidermis. 2. Spindle-shaped 
cells in the lumina of the acini of the pancreas. 
Langhans' c's. 1. Polygonal epithelial cells con- 
stituting Langhans' layer. 2. The giant-cells of 
tubercle. Leclanche c., a battery-cell having a 
carbon collecting plate and employing as a fluid a 
solution of ammonium chlorid, and as a depolarizer 
manganese dioxid. Leishman's chrome c's, 
basophil granular leukocytes occurring in black- 
water fever, lepra-c., a cell in a leprous nodule 
which has been converted by the action of lepra 
bacilli into a sac containing degenerated pro- 
toplasm and bacilli, leukocytoid c's, color- 
less blood-cells derived from the blood-current and 
taking part in the formation of scar tissue. Ley- 
dig's c's. 1. The interstitial cells of the semi- 
niferous tubules and of the mediastinum and con- 
nective-tissue septa of the testes, believed to furnish 
the internal secretion of the testicle. 2. Mucous cells 
which do not pour their secretion out over the sur- 
face of the epithelium, longiradiate c's, neur- 
oglia cells having long prolongations, lymphoid 
c., a small connective-tissue cell with a large nu- 
cleus, found in lymphoid tissue, such as lymph- 
nodes, spleen, tonsils, etc. marginal c's, the 
granular cells occurring next to the basement- 
membrane of mucous glands; parietal cells. Ma- 
rie-Davy C., a battery-cell with a carbon-collect- 
ing plate, the fluid, depolarizer, and amalgamator 
being a paste of mercuric or mercurous sulphate 
and water, marrow-c., a large ameboid cell 
characteristic of the marrow. Martinotti's c's, 
fusiform cells with ascending axis-cylinder processes 
in the polymorphic layer of the cerebral cortex, 
mast-c's [Ger. M as'tzellen], cells formed espe- 
cially in leukemic blood and in the foci of chronic 
inflammation, but to some extent normal to the 
tissues. They are filled with basophil granules 
and are deeply stainable, mastoid c's, the 
sinuses of the mastoid bone, memory c., a cell 
of the cerebral cortex thought to be the seat 
of the memory of sensations. Meynert's c's, 
solitary pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex about the 
calcarine fissure, migratory c's, the lympho- 
cytes and white corpuscles of the bloodso called 
from their ameboid movements. Mikulicz' s c ' s, 
the cells in rhinoscleroma which contain the bacillus 
of the disease, mitral c's, the pyramidal cells 
forming one of the layers of the olfactory bulb, 
monoplastic c., a cell composed of a single sub- 
stance. mossy c., a neuroglia cell having a large 
body and many short processes, mother-c., a 
cell that divides so as to form new or daughter- 
cells. motor c., one of the cells of the spinal cord 
which has its neuraxon continued into a motor 
nerve-fiber. mucous c's, cells which secrete 
mucus or mucin, muscle-c., an elongated and 
nucleated contractile fiber-cell peculiar to un- 
striped muscle, myeloid c., an osteoclast or 
giant-cell of bone-marrow, myoid c., cells re- 
sembling striated muscle-fibers, found in the thy- 
mus. Nageotte's c., a cell of the cerebrospinal 
fluid which becomes greatly increased in number 
in disease, nerve-c., a neuron or ganglion-cell; 
a special cell of the nervous system. See nerve- 
cell. c.-nest, any mass of closely packed epi- 
thelial cells surrounded by a stroma of connective 
tissue. Neumann's c's, nucleated red cells in 
the bone-marrow developing into erythrocytes, 
neuroglia c's, the cells of the neuroglia. They 
are of two kinds, the spider-cells and the mossy 
cells. neuromuscular c., a form of cell 
chiefly or always seen in the lower animals, of 
which the outer part receives stimuli and the 
inner part is contractile, noble c's, the dif- 
ferentiated cells of the organs and tissues of the 
body. normal c., any cell found naturally 
in any part or organ free from disease, nuclear 
C., a nerve-cell consisting of a nucleus surrounded 
by a layer of branching protoplasm: seen espe- 
cially in the sensory area of the cerebral cortex, 
nucleated c., any cell having a nucleus. Nuss- 
baum's c's, small, functionless cells of the pyloric 
glands of the stomach, oat-shaped c's, cells 
shaped like oat grains, seen in some varieties 
of sarcoma. olfactory c's, a set of special- 
ized and nucleated fusiform cells of the mucous 
membrane of the nose embedded among the epi- 
thelial cells, one-fluid c., any battery-cell 
which makes use of but one kind of fluid, osseous 
C., a bone-cell, overripe c's, polynuclear or 
neutrophil blood-cells, oxyntic c's. See delo- 
morphous c's. palatine c's, those parts of the 
ethmoid cells which are extended into the palatine 
bone. Paneth's c's, cells in the fundus of the 
cysts of Lieberkuhn, containing eosinophil granules, 
and probably concerned in the elaboration of an 
enzyme, parent c., a mother-cell, parietal c's. 
See delomorphous c's. pathologic C., any cell 
which results from a disease-process or which be- 
longs to or arises from a pathogenic microorgan- 
ism. pavement c's, the flat cells composing 
pavement epithelium, pediculated c's, neurog- 
lia cells which possess a pedicle implanted into a 
capillary wall, peptic c's, a name sometimes 
given to the adelomorphous cells of the stomach, 
pericellular c's, neuroglia cells which surround a 
neuron, perichrome c. See perichrome, peri- 
thelia! C., a clasmatocyte just outside the wall of 
a capillary; called also adventitial c. perithral 
C., plasma-cells surrounding the walls of blood- 
vessels. perivascular c's, neuroglia cells which 
are in contact with a capillary, persensitized 
C., a cell which has been sensitized by union with 
the mid-piece of complement so that it will be dis- 
solved when the end-piece is added, pessary c., 
an erythrocyte from the center of which the hemo- 
globin has disappeared, pheochrome c's, cells 
of the medulla of the embryonic suprarenal body 
which stain dark with chromium salts, pigment- 
C., any cell containing pigment-granules, pitcher- 
c's, cells found in the normal conjunctiva, 
plasma-c's, peculiar cells occurring normally CELL 
228 
CELLULAR 
in various mucous membranes, and in lymphoid 
tissue generally, and frequently occurring in patho- 
logic states. They stain deeply with basic dyes. 
The protoplasm is not granular, and is denser 
in the peripheral portion than in the center; the 
nuclei have a large amount of chromatin, which 
is arranged in a characteristic manner; called also 
Turek's irritation cells, stimulation cells, and phlogo- 
cytes. pluricordonal c's, stellate embryonal 
cells found in the posterior cornu of the myelon, 
hitherto found in the embryonic pigeon only, polar 
c's. See globules, polar, polychromatic, poly- 
chromatophil c's, non-nucleated erythrocytes 
staining with acid and basic stains, polyhedral 
c's, cells having a polyhedral shape, polyplastic 
C., a cell made up of various structural elements; 
also one which passes through various modifica- 
tions of form, prickle-c., a cell provided with 
delicate radiating processes which connect with 
similar cells: found chiefly in the deep layers of 
stratified pavement epithelium, primordial c's, 
embryonal cells, principal c's, adelomorphous 
cells, prop c's, Purkinje's cells, pseudoplas- 
ma c's, cells having staining properties like plas- 
ma-cells, but differing in structure, psychic c's, 
the cells of the cerebral cortex, pulpar c., the 
typical cell of the spleen substance. Purkinje's 
c's, large branching neurons in the middle layer of 
the cortex cerebelli. pyramidal c., one of the 
large multipolar ganglion-cells of the cerebral cor- 
tex. pyrrhol c., perithelial cell, resting 
C., a cell that is not undergoing karyokinesis. 
retinal c's, specialized cells of various kinds, 
found especially in the vesicular, molecular, 
nuclear, and pigmentary layers of the retina. 
Rindfleisch's c's, granular eosinophil leuko- 
cytes. ripe c's, a form of large mononuclear 
blood-cells; myelocytes or marrow-cells in the 
blood. Rolando's c's, the ganglion-cells of 
Rolando's gelatinous substance. round c., 
any cell having a spheric shape, sarcogenic 
c's, the cells which are developed into muscle- 
fiber. satellite c's, free nuclei which accumu- 
late around cells in certain diseases, sauroid 
c's. See normoblast, scavenger c's, lymph- 
cells of the neuroglia: said to assist in removing 
effete material. Schwann's c., one of the cells 
composing the sheath of Schwann, seminal c's, 
epithelial cells within the tubuli seminiferi. sensa- 
tion c., a cortical cell which receives peripheral 
stimulations by direct conduction and is thus the 
seat of sensation, sensory c., one of the nerve- 
cells of the peripheral sense organs, serous c., a 
cell concerned in the secretion of an albuminous 
fluid, like the saliva; an essential cell of a serous or 
albuminous gland. Sertoli's c's, cells which de- 
velop into spermatoblasts. sexual c's, the larger 
cells in the fetal testis. Siemen and Halske c., a 
battery-cell with a copper collecting plate: the 
fluids are water and solution of copper sulphate, 
separated by a porous diaphragm with a papier- 
mache packing, skeletogenous c., an osteo- 
blast. sleeping c. Same as slumber c. slum- 
ber c., a cell believed to exist in connective tissue 
and to be undifferentiable by any known methods. 
Smee c., an electric battery-cell consisting of a 
plate of zinc and one of platinized silver in a dilute 
solution of sulphuric acid. Snell c., a one-fluid 
battery-cell having a collecting plate of platinized 
silver; its fluid is dilute sulphuric acid, somatic 
c's, the cells of the somatoplasm; undifferentiated 
body-cells, sperm-c. i. A spermatozoon. 2. 
A spermatoblast, sphenoid c's, two large 
cavities or sinuses of the sphenoid bone, spider- 
c. See astrocyte, spindle-c., a fusiform or 
spindle-shaped cell. squamous C., a flat, 
scale-like epithelial cell, stellate c., a star-shaped 
cell, particularly a neuroglia cell having a large 
number of filaments extending from it in all direc- 
tions. stichochrome c. See stichochrome. 
Stickle c's. Same as prickle-c. stipple c's, 
red blood-cells showing granulations. See granula- 
tion. supporting c's, Deiters' cells of the 
organ of Corti: long, fusiform cells between the 
outer rods of Corti and the acoustic hair-cells, 
sustentacular c's, delicate stellate corpuscles, 
forming with the intercellular substance the splenic 
pulp, syncytial c., a syncytium or a com- 
ponent of it. taste-c's, the cells of the in- 
terior of a taste-bud, hidden by the cover-cells, 
tautomeral c's [Gr. to auro pepos the same 
side], nerve-cells of the gray substance of the spinal 
cord whose axis-cylinders pass into the white sub- 
stance of the same side of the cord, tegmental 
c's, cells which cover any delicate structure, 
tendon-c's, flattened tissue-cells of connective 
tissue occurring in rows between the primary 
bundles of the tendons, c.-theory, the doctrine 
that all organic matter consists of cells, and that 
cell-activity is the essential process of life, toti- 
potential c., a cell which is capable of develop- 
ing into every variety of body-cell, tubal air- 
c's, small Cavities sometimes seen in the lower 
wall of the eustachian tube near the tympanic ori- 
fice. Tiirck's c's, plasma-cells, tympanic 
c's, the depressions in the walls of the tympanic 
cavity. Unna's plasma-c., a fibroblast, vac- 
uolated C., a cell whose protoplasm contains 
vacuoles. vasofactive c's, vasoforma- 
tive c's, cells which join with other cells to 
form blood-vessels. Vignal's c's, embryonal 
connective-tissue cells secreting myelin and as- 
sociated with the formation of the axis-cylinders of 
nerves in the fetus, visual c's, the neuro- 
epithelial elements of the retina, the outer special- 
ized segments of which are the rods and cones. C.~ 
wall, the membranous investment of a cell, 
wandering-c., a leukocyte or motile cell, xan- 
thoma c. See* foam c. Zehbe's c., a con- 
nective-tissue cell found in organs of patients who 
died of cancer. 
cella (sel'ah) [L. "compartment"]. The central 
part of the lateral ventricle. C. lateralis, the 
lateral ventricle of the brain, c. me dia, the 
central part of the lateral ventricle of the brain: 
called also pars centralis. 
cellase (sel'as). A ferment which acts upon cell- 
ose. 
cellasin (sel'as-in). A proprietary sugar, starch, 
fat, and peptone-splitting ferment derived from 
fungi: used in malnutrition. 
Cellia (sel'e-ah). A genus of anopheline mosquitos, 
several species of which act as malaria carriers. 
cellicolous (sel-ik'o-lus) [L. cd'la cell + col'ere to 
dwell]. Inhabiting cells. 
celliferous (sel-if'er-us). Producing or bearing cells, 
celliform (sel'if-orm). Cell-like. 
cellifugal (sel-if'u-gal). Same as cdlulifugal. 
cellipetal (sel-ip'et-al). Same as cdlulipelal. 
cellobiose (sel-o-bi'os). A disaccharid, C12H22O11, 
which can be prepared from cellulose. 
celloidin (sel-oi'din). A concentrated preparation 
of pyroxylin, employed in microscopy for embed- 
ding specimens for section-cutting. 
cellon (sel'on). Acetylene tetrachlorid, CHCI2.- 
CHCI2, or tetrachlorethane. 
cellophan (sel'o-fan). A cellulose product: used as a 
filtering medium, and for bandages, compresses, etc. 
cellose (sel'os). A substance formed by the hydrol- 
ysis of cellulose. 
cellotropin (sel-o-tro'pin). Monobenzoyl-arbutin, 
C6H4O.C6H5.CO.O.C6H11O5: used in scrofula and 
tuberculosis. Dose, 5-7 gr. (0.33-0.46 gm.). 
celluflor (sel'u-flor). A proprietary cellulose flour, 
cellula (sel'u-lah), pl. cd'lula [L. "little cell"]. A 
small cell. c. ethmoida'lis [B N A], ethmoidal 
cell. c. mastoi'dea [B N A], mastoid cell. c. 
pneumat'ica tuba'ria ]B N A], tubal air-cell. 
See under cell. C. tympan ic® [B N A], tubal air- 
cells. See under cell. 
cellular (sel'u-lar). Pertaining to or made up of 
cells. CELLULARITY 
229 
CENSOR 
cellularity (sel-u-lar'it-e). Same as cellulosity. 
cellulase (sel'u-las). An enzyme that hydrolyzes 
cellulose. 
cellule (sel'ul) [L. cel'lula]. A minute cell. 
cellulicidal (sel-u-lis'id-al) [L. cel'lula a cell + 
cctfdere to kill]. Destroying cells. 
cellulifugal (sel-u-lif'-u-gal) [L. cel'lula cellule + 
fu' ger e to flee]. Directed away from a cell-body. 
cellulin (sel'u-lin). A principle of animal origin 
much resembling cellulose. 
cellulipetal (sel-u-lip'et-al) [L. cel'lula cellule + 
pet'ere to seek]. Directed toward a cell-body. 
cellulitis (sel-u-li'tis). Inflammation of cellular 
tissue; especially purulent inflammation of the 
loose subcutaneous tissue, orbital c., inflam- 
mation of the cellular tissue within the orbit, 
pelvic c., inflammation of the connective tissue 
around the uterus; parametritis, phlegmonous 
c. See phlegmona diffusa. 
cellulo (sel'u-lo). A preparation of glycerin, 
oxychlorin, cellulose, and an earthy base: used as 
an absorbent dressing. 
cellulocutaneous (sel"u-lo-ku-ta'ne-us). Com- 
posed of loose connective tissue and skin. 
cellulofibrous (sel"u-lo-fi'brus). Partly cellular 
and partly fibrous. 
celluloid (sel'u-loid). A substance composed largely 
of pyroxylin and camphor: used in the arts and to 
some extent in dentistry and surgery. 
celluloneuritis (sel"u-lo-nu-ri'tis). Inflammation 
of nerve cells, acute anterior c., Raymond's 
name for acute anterior poliomyelitis, polyneuritis, 
and Landry's paralysis, which he considered one 
disease. 
cellulose (sel'u-los). A carbohydrate forming the 
skeleton of most plant structures and of plant- 
cells. It is a colorless, transparent solid, insoluble 
in water, alcohol, etc., but soluble in Schweitzer's 
reagent. It is used mainly in the arts, as in making 
filter paper, artificial silk, pyroxylin, etc. acid 
c., any combination of cellulose with carboxyl 
groups, such as pectinic acid. They are mostly 
gelatinous bodies. 
cellulosity (sel-u-los'it-e). The condition of being 
composed of cells. 
cellulotoxic (sel"u-lo-toks'ik). 1. Toxic to cells. 
2. Produced by cell toxins. 
cellulous (sel'u-lus). Made up of cells. 
celology (se-lol'o-je) [Gr. kt)Xt) hernia -f- Xbyos 
treatise]. The science or study of hernia. 
celom, coelom, coeloma (se'lom, se-lo'mah) [Gr. 
KolXw/a.a]. See coelom. 
celonychia (se-lo-nik'e-ah). Same as koilonychia. 
celophlebitis (se"lo-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. koIXos hollow + 
phlebitis]. Inflammation of a vena cava. . 
celoschisis (se-los'kis-is) [Gr. koIXos belly + axlaos 
fissure]. Fissure of the abdominal wall. 
celoscope (se'lo-skop) [Gr. koIXos hollow + cnioirdiv 
to examine]. An instrument for illuminating 
and examining a cavity. 
celoscopy (se-los'ko-pe). Examination of a body- 
cavity; use of the celoscope. 
celosomia (se-lo-so'me-ah) [Gr. K-qXr] hernia + 
body]. Hernial protrusion of the fetal viscera. 
celosomus (sel-o-so'mus). A monster with even- 
tration, fissure, or absence of the sternum, with 
more or less protrusion of the thoracic or abdom- 
inal organs. 
celothel (se'lo-thel). See coelothel. 
celotomy (se-lot'o-me). See kelotomy. 
celozoic, coelozoic (se-lo-zo'ik) [Gr. KotXia belly + 
faov animal]. Inhabiting the intestinal cavities of 
the body; said of parasites. 
Celsius scale or thermometer (sel'se-us) [Anders 
Celsius, Swedish astronomer, 1701-1744]. See un- 
der thermometer. 
Celsus (sel'sus), Aurelius Cornelius. A cele- 
brated Roman physician and writer who lived 
about 25 a. D. Of his numerous writings, only 
one has been preserved, namely, the treatise "De 
Medicina," in eight books. 
celtium (sel'te-um). A chemic element of atomic 
number 72. 
cement (se-ment') [L. ccemen'tum]. 1. Any sub- 
stance that serves to mend something which is 
broken. 2. The layer of bony tissue covering the 
root of a tooth. It differs in structure from ordi- 
nary bone in containing a greater number of 
Sharpey's fibers. Called also cementum. 3. An 
adhesive filling material, such as zinc oxychlorid: 
used in dentistry, adamantine c., a dental 
filling material composed of powdered pumice- 
stone mixed with an amalgam of mercury and sil- 
ver. muscle c., myoglia, nerve c., the neu- 
roglia. tooth c., cement (2d def.). 
cementification (se-ment-if-ik-a'shun). The for- 
mation of cementum of a tooth. 
cementin (se-men'tin). The material that some- 
times unites the margins of squamous endothe- 
lial ceils. 
cementitis (se-men-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
cementum of a tooth. 
cementoblast (se-men'to-blast) [L. camen'tum 4- 
Gr. pXaaros germ]. One of the cells from which 
the cementum of the tooth is developed. 
cementoclasia (se-men-to-kla'se-ah) [L. cemen'tum 
+ Gr. KXaais breaking]. Disintegration or de- 
struction by disease of the cementum of a tooth 
root. 
cementoma (se-men-to'mah). A tumor composed 
of cement like that of the teeth. 
c ementoper io stitis (se-men" to-per-e-os-ti' tis). 
Same as pyorrhoea alveolar is. 
cementosis (se-men-to'sis). The development of 
a cementoma. 
cementum (se-men'turn). See cement. 
cenadelphus (sen-ad-el'fus) [Gr. koivos common + 
&8eX<pos brother]. A double monster fetus with the 
two individuals equally developed. 
cenencephalocele (sen-en-sef'al-o-sel). An en- 
cephalocele or protrusion of the brain without 
cystic condition. 
cenesthesia, coenesthesia (sen-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
Koiyas common + aiadricrLS feeling]. The general 
feeling or sense of conscious existence; the sense of 
normal functionating of the organs of the body. 
cenesthesic, cenesthetic (sen-es-the'sik, -thet'- 
ik). Pertaining to cenesthesia. 
cenesthopathia (sen-es-tho-path'e-ah) [cenesthesia 
+ Gr. TraOos disease]. Any morbid perversion of 
the consciousness. 
cenobium, coenobium (sen-o'be-um). A colony 
of independent cells or organisms held together by 
a common investment. 
cenogenesis, ccenogenesis (se-no-jen'es-is) [Gr. 
koIvos common -f- yereais production]. That form 
of development in which there is not repeated 
the phylogeny of the group to which the individual 
belongs. Opposed to palingenesis. 
cenophobia (sen-o-fo'be-ah). Same as kenophobia. 
cenopsychic (sen-o-si'kik) [Gr. Kacvbs new + xpvxh 
mind]. Of recent appearance in mental develop- 
ment. 
cenosis (se-no'sis) [Gr.]. A morbid discharge. 
cenosite (se'no-sit) [Gr. kolvos common + atros 
food]. A parasite which is able to live apart from 
its host. 
cenotic (se-not'ik). Pertaining to a morbid dis- 
charge. 
cenotype (sen'o-tip) [Gr. koivos common + type]. 
The original type from which all forms have arisen. 
censor (sen'sor). 1. A member of a committee on 
ethics or for critical examination and supervision 
of a medical or other society. 2. In Freudian 
terminology, the psychic influence which prevents CENT. 
230 
CENTER 
certain unconscious thoughts and wishes coming 
into consciousness unless they are disguised so as 
to be unrecognizable. 
Cent. Abbreviation for centigrade and centimeter. 
centaurea (sen-taw're-ah). The plant, Cni'cus 
benedic'tus, or blessed thistle: used in hepatic 
congestion and atonic dyspepsia; also a genus of 
composite-flowered medicinal plants. 
centaurium (sen-taw're-um). Centaury. 
centaury (sen'taw-re) [L. centau'rium; Gr. Kevrab- 
peiov]. A popular name for various gentianace- 
ous plants of the genera Erylhrce'a, Centau'rea, 
Sabba'tia, etc., having in general the tonic prop- 
erties of gentian. 
center (sen'ter) [Gr. Kivrpov, L. cen'trum]. Any 
ganglion or plexus giving off nerves which con- 
trol function; also any group of ganglion-cells 
which has a stimulating or inhibitory office, 
abdominal c., epigastric c., a cutaneous reflex 
center in the gray matter of the cord: said to be 
between the sixth and eleventh dorsal vertebra, 
accelerating c., a center in the oblongata which 
sends accelerating fibers to the heart, acoustic c., 
the auditory center, ankle-clonus c., a cutane- 
ous reflex center in the gray matter of the cord: said 
to be between the fifth lumbar and first sacral ver- 
tebra. anospinal c's, the centers for contract- 
ing the sphincter ani, that for relaxing it (defecation 
center), and that for the anal reflex: all are in the 
lumbar enlargement, arm-c., a cortical center 
at the middle third of the fissure of Rolando, con- 
trolling the arm-movements, association-c., 
any center which controls associated movements, 
auditopsychic c., a center dealing with the 
interpretation of sounds: situated in the first 
temporal convolution, auditory c., the cen- 
ter for hearing: in the first temporosphenoid 
convolution, automatic c., a group of cells 
in the spinal cord producing motion independ- 
ently of volition or reflection. brain-c. i. 
An area of the cerebral cortex having a special- 
ized structure or function. 2. A group of cells 
in the brain having a special function. Broca's 
c., the speech-center. Budge's c. 1. The cilio- 
spinal center. 2. See genital c. calorific c., a 
center in the caudate nucleus of the spinal cord 
which controls heat production, cardio-ac- 
celerating c. See accelerating c. cardio- 
inhibitory c., a center in the oblongata which 
sends inhibitions to the heart by way of the vagus, 
cardiomotor c., Tawara's name for the auriculo- 
ventricular node, on the theory that the heart's im- 
pulse arises there, cerebrospinal c., the brain 
and spinal cord, cheirokinesthetic c., the cen- 
ter in the posterior part of the left second frontal 
gyrus, controlling movements concerned in writing, 
ciliospinal c., a center in the lower cervical and 
upper dorsal portions of the spinal cord, connected 
with the dilatation of the pupil, color-c., the 
center for the perception of color: said to be situ- 
ated in the occipital cortex, convulsion c., a 
center in the oblongata, at the floor of the fourth 
ventricle: its stimulation causes convulsions, co- 
ordinations. Same as association-c. corre- 
lation c., a nerve center serving the function of 
correlation. See correlation, cortical c., any 
center situated in the cerebral cortex; these are 
all centers of the highest order of importance, 
coughing-c., a center in the oblongata, situated 
above the respiratory center, which presides over 
the act of coughing, cremasteric c., a cutaneous 
reflex center in the cord: said to be above the 
level of the second lumbar vertebra, cutaneous 
reflex c's, a set of centers in the gray matter 
of the spinal cord: these, with the musculotendi- 
nous centers, embrace nearly all the reflex cen- 
ters of the cord, defecation c., the anospinal 
center, deglutition c., a nerve-center in the 
oblongata which controls the function of swallow- 
ing. dentary c., an ossification center of the 
mandible, giving origin to the lower border and 
outer plate, deputy c., any secondary or asso- 
ciation-center; also any center of origin for a 
spinal nerve, diabetic c., a center situated in 
the posterior part of the floor of the fourth ven- 
tricle: if tampered with, diabetes mellitus follows, 
dominating c., the principal or controlling cen- 
ter of a group having a common function, ejacu- 
lation c., the center which controls the erection 
of the penis and the normal discharge of semen: 
it is in the lumbar region of the spinal cord, and 
is itself regulated from the oblongata. epi- 
gastric c. See abdominal c. epiotic c., a 
center of ossification which forms the lower part 
of the mastoid bone, erection c. Same as 
ejaculation c. euproxic c., any cerebral center 
which controls the proper performance of any action 
or set of actions, facial c., a center for face 
movements: in the lower part of the ascending 
frontal convolution, foot-clonus c., a mus- 
culotendinous reflex center of the cord, situated 
between the fifth lumbar and first sacral vertebrae, 
ganglionic c., any mass of gray matter between 
the lateral ventricles and the decussation of the 
anterior pyramids, including the thalami, striati, 
and other basal ganglia, genital c., genito- 
spinal c., the erection center of the male or the 
parturition center of the female: said to be in the 
cord, near the second lumbar vertebra, germinal 
C., the area in lymphoid tissue in which most of the 
leukocytes are formed, glossokinesthetic c., 
the center in the posterior part of the left second 
frontal gyrus which controls movements concerned 
in articulate speech, gluteal c., a cutaneous 
reflex center of the cord: said to be at the level of 
the fourth lumbar vertebra, glycogenic c. 
Same as diabetic c. gustatory c., the cerebral 
center supposed to control taste: situated in the 
cortex of the uncinate convolution, health c., a 
community health organization for creating health 
work and co-ordinating the efforts of all health 
agencies, heat-c's, centers in the brain which 
regulate heat production and heat elimination, 
heat-regulating c's. Same as thermotaxic c's. 
high-level c., a center controlling thought, rea- 
son, etc. idea c., the name center, ideomotor 
c's, brain centers that preside over ideombtion. 
independent c. Same as parenchymatous c. in- 
hibitory C., any nerve-center which restrains any 
function or process or controls other centers, ki- 
netic C., the centrospheres of a fertilized ovum, 
knee-jerk c., a musculotendinous reflex center in 
the cord, at the level of the third and fourth lumbar 
vertebra. Kronecker 'sc., the inhibitory center 
of the heart. Kupressoff's c., the spinal center 
for the sphincter of the bladder, language c., 
any center controlling the understanding or use of 
language, leg-c., a motor center for the legs, 
in the ascending frontal convolution, low-level 
C., a center concerned in any sort of automatic 
action, mastication c., a part of the facial 
center, micturition c., a center controlling the 
bladder and inhibiting the tension of the vesical 
sphincter: situated in the lumbar enlargement, 
mid-level c., any center which acts as an associ- 
ation-center or in controlling muscular movement 
or storing up memories, motor c., any center 
which originates, controls, inhibits, or maintains 
a motor impulse, musculotendinous c's, the 
centers for foot- and ankle-clonus, the knee- 
jerk, and for the reflexes of the flexors and ex- 
tensors of the upper extremity: they are all situ- 
ated in the cord, name-c., an area in the upper 
temporal lobe which controls the remembrance of 
names, nerve-c., any portion of gray nervous 
matter which originates, maintains, inhibits, or 
regulates a motor impulse or a bodily function or 
process, olfactory c., the center for smell, 
probably in the hippocampal gyrus, optic c., 
the point in a lens where the rays cross each other, 
ossification c., any point at which the process of 
ossification begins in a bone, oval c. Same as 
centrum ovale, panting c., a center in the tuber 
cinereum which accelerates the rate of breathing, 
parenchymatous c., a nerve-center situated CENTER 
231 
CENTRIFUGATION 
in the substance of a viscus. parturition c., 
the center for the contraction of the uterus and 
fetal expulsion: it corresponds with the erection 
center of the male, phrenic c., the central 
aponeurosis of the diaphragm, plantar re- 
flex C., a cutaneous reflex center in the gray 
matter of the cord: said to be at the level of 
the second sacral vertebra, polypneic c. Same 
as panting c. projection c., any center in the 
cerebral cortex which gives rise to projection 
fibers, proportionizing c., a center in the 
cortex, on the motor side, corresponding to the 
name-center, psychocortical c., the center 
in the cerebral cortex concerned in voluntary 
muscular movement. It is located around the 
central fissure, psychomotor c. Same as 
psychocortical c. pteriotic c., a center of ossifica- 
tion from which are developed the tegmen tympani 
and the covering of the semicircular canals, 
pupillary c's, the ciliospinal center, which 
dilates the pupil; also one in the corpus quad- 
rigeminum for contracting the pupil, rec- 
tovesical C., a reflex center in the cord for the 
rectum and bladder, reflex c., any center in the 
brain or cord in which a sensory impression is 
changed into a motor impulse: the reflex centers 
already discovered are numerous, reserve c., a 
nerve center which is normally unused, but which 
can come into action in an emergency, respira- 
tion c., that which coordinates the respiratory 
movements: it is situated in the oblongata, sali- 
vary c., salivation c., the center, situated in the 
floor of the fourth ventricle, which controls salivary 
secretion, scapular c., a cutaneous reflex center 
of the cord: said to be between the fifth cervical 
and first dorsal vertebrae. Sechenoff's c's, Set- 
schenow's c's, reflex inhibitory centers in the 
cord and oblongata, semioval C., the cen- 
trum ovale, sensory c., any center which 
receives or appreciates a sensory impulse, smell 
c., the olfactory center, sneezing c., the respira- 
tion center or a portion of it. somatic c., the pit- 
uitary body: so called from the belief that it influ- 
ences the growth of the whole body, spasm-c., 
one in the oblongata, at its junction with the pons, 
speech-c., one in the third left (or right) frontal 
convolution, sphenotic c., a center of ossifica- 
tion in the sphenoid bone for the lingula, sple- 
nial c., one of the ossification centers of the man- 
dibles, forming a part of its inner plate, sple- 
nic c., a splenocyte. spoken-word c., a 
center in the third left frontal convolution, su- 
dorific c's, sweat-c's, centers in the spinal 
cord controlling diaphoresis, with a dominant 
center in the oblongata, suprasegmental c., 
one of the centers of the prosencephalon controlling 
the correlation of the higher functions, swallow- 
ing c., a center that controls the act of swallowing: 
on the floor of the fourth ventricle, tactile c., one 
for the sense of touch: situated in the hippocampal 
region, taste-c., the gustatory center. thermo- 
genic C. i. See calorific c. 2. A center for the 
physiologic production of heat: in the cord, 
with higher ones, probably in the striatum and 
thalamus, thermo-inhibitory c's, those for 
inhibiting the production of heat: probably in the 
tuber cinereum and in the gray matter near the 
fissure of Sylvius, thermolytic c's, those for the 
dissipation of heat: thought to be in the oblongata 
and tuber cinereum. thermotaxic c's, the 
cerebral centers which maintain a balance be- 
tween the production and dissipation of heat, 
thumb-c., a center in the cerebral cortex con- 
trolling movements of the thumbs. It is situated 
in the lowest part of the center for movements of 
the upper limb, trophic C., any nerve-center 
which regulates or influences nutrition, vaso- 
constrictor C., a center which controls contrac- 
tion of the blood-vessels, vasodilator c., 
one for dilating the blood-vessels: supposed 
to be in the oblongata, with dependent cen- 
ters in the spinal cord. vasomotor c's, 
centers in the tuber cinereum, oblongata, and 
cord: believed to regulate the caliber of the blood- 
vessels, and to cause their contraction and dilata- 
tion. vasotonic C., any vasomotor center: 
there is said to exist also a higher center in. the 
thalami, regulating vascular tension, vesical 
c., vesicospinal c., the micturition center or 
rectovesical center, visual c's, centers which 
regulate the power of vision: probably, situated 
in the cuneus of the occipital lobes, vomiting c., 
one in the oblongata: its stimulation causes vomit- 
ing. Wernicke's c., the chief speech-center, 
situated in the cortex of the left temporo-occipital 
convolution. Called also Wernicke's area and 
Wernicke's zone, winking-c., a reflex center in 
the oblongata which controls winking. word-c., 
auditory, a center in the left superior temporo- 
sphenoid convolution which controls the per- 
ception of words that are heard, word-c., vis- 
ual, one in the posterior part of the left parietal 
lobe: it appears to govern the perception of printed 
or written words, written-word c., a center 
in the second left frontal convolution. 
centesimal (sen-tes'im-al) [L. centes'imus hun- 
dredth], Divided into hundredths or based upon 
divisions into hundredths. 
centesis (sen-te'sis) [Gr. Keurijcris]. Perforation or 
tapping, as by the aspirator, trocar, or needle. 
centi-. A prefix indicating a hundred or a hun- 
dredth part. 
centibar (sen'tib-ar). The one-hundredth part of a 
bar, a unit of atmospheric pressure. 
centigrade (sen'tig-rad) [L. cen'tum hundred + 
gra'dus a step]. Having one hundred degrees or 
grades. See thermometer. 
centigram (sen'tig-ram) [Fr. centigramme]. One- 
hundredth part of a gram, or 0.1543 grain (Troy). 
centiliter (sen'til-e-ter) [Fr. centilitre]. One- 
hundredth part of a liter, or 0.6102 of a cubic 
inch. 
centimeter (sen'tim-e-ter) [Fr. centimetre]. One- 
hundredth part of a meter, or 0.3937 of a lineal 
inch. 
centinem (sen'tin-em). Pirquet's term for one-one- 
hundredth of a nem. 
centinormal (sen-tin-or'mal) [L. cen'tum hun- 
dred + nor'ma rule]. Having part of the 
normal or standard strength. 
centrad (sen'trad). 1. Toward the center or a 
center; especially toward the center of the body. 
2. A measure of deviation, being 0.570, or one- 
hundredth part of a portion of the arc of a circle 
equal in length to the radius of the circle. 
centrage (sen'traj). The condition in which the 
centers of the various refracting surfaces of the 
eye are in the same straight line. 
central (sen'tral). Situated at or pertaining to a 
center; not peripheral. 
centraphose (sen'traf-6z). Any aphose, or sen- 
sation of darkness, originating in the optic or 
visual centers. 
centraxonial (sen-traks-o'ne-al). Having the axis 
in a median line. 
centre (sen'ter). See center. 
centric (sen'trik). Pertaining to a center; not 
acentric or peripheral. 
centriciput (sen-tris'ip-ut) [L. cen'trum center + 
ca'put head]. That part of the head which is 
situated between the occiput and sinciput; the 
midhead. 
centrifugal (sen-trif'u-gal) [L. cen'trum center + 
fu'gere to flee]. Moving away from a center; 
efferent or exodic. 
centrifugalization (sen"trif-u-gal-iz-a'shun) [see 
centrifuge]. The process of separating the more 
solid portions of a liquid from the more fluid ones 
by centrifugal force. 
centrifugation (sen"trif-u-ga'shun). Same as 
centrifugalization. CENTRIFUGE 
232 
CEPHALOHEMATOCELE 
centrifuge (sen'trif-uj) [L. cen'trum center 4- fu'- 
gere to flee]. A machine for separating the more 
solid constituents of a fluid by rotation. 
centriole (sen'tre-ol). A supposed minute body 
within the centrosome. 
centripetal (sen-trip'et-al) [L. cen'trum center + 
pel'ere to seek]. Moving toward a center; es- 
odic or afferent. 
centrocinesia (sen"tro-sin-e'se-ah) [Gr. Kevrpov 
center 4- Kiwrjats movement]. Movement orig- 
inating from central stimulation. 
centrocinetic (sen"tro-sin-et'ik). Pertaining to 
centrocinesia; excitomotor. 
centrodesmose (sen-tro-des'mos). Centrodesmus. 
centrodesmus (sen-tro-des'mus) [Gr. Ktvrpov 
center + beapos a band]. The matter connecting 
the centrosomes of a cell and forming the beginning 
of the central spindle. 
centrolecithal (sen-tro-les'ith-al) [Gr. Keurpou 
center 4- XcklOos yolk]. Having the yolk in the 
center and surrounded by a peripheral layer of 
egg protoplasm. 
centronucleus (sen-tro-nu'kle-us). Same as am- 
phinucleus 
centrophose (sen'tro-foz). Any phose, or sensa- 
tion of light, originating in the visual centers. 
centroplasm (sen'tro-plazm). The protoplasm of 
the centrosphere. 
centrosclerosis, centro-osteosclerosis (sen"- 
tro-skle-ro'sis, sen"tro-os"te-o-skle-ro'sis) [center 
4- osteosclerosis]. The filling of the marrow-cavity 
of a bone with osseous material. 
centrosome (sen'tro-som) [Gr. Kevrpov center 4- 
aospa body]. A minute, deeply-staining granule in 
the cytoplasm or in the nucleus of a cell which takes 
an important part in karyokinesis, being regarded 
as the center of activity for that process. 
centrosphere (sen'tro-sfer) [Gr. Keurpov center 4- 
oipaipa sphere]. A hyaline mass of material form- 
ing the central mass of the aster from which the 
rays proceed, and containing the centrosome, 
called also attraction sphere, astrosphere, and 
hyaloplasm sphere. See mitosis. 
centrostaltic (sen-tro-stal'tik) [Gr. Ktvrpov center 
4- oT^XXeiv to send]. Pertaining to a center of 
motion. 
centrotherapy (sen-tro-ther'ap-e). Externally ap- 
plied treatment designed to act upon the nerve- 
centers. 
centrum (sen'trum), pl. cen'tra [L.; Gr. Kevrpov]. 
1. Any anatomic or other center. 2. The body 
of a vertebra, c. commu'ne, common center; 
the solar plexus. C. media'num, a cluster of 
cells in the nucleus medialis of the thalamus. 
C. ova'le, the mass of white matter seen on re- 
moving the upper portion of the cerebrum at the 
level of the corpus callosum (c. ova'le ma'jus)', or 
half an inch above that level (c. ova'le mi'nus). 
c. semiova le [B N A]. Same as c. ovale, c. 
tendine'um [diaphrag'matis] [B N A], the 
central tendon of the diaphragm. 
Cenu'rus cerebra'lis. A cestode parasite which 
is found in the brains of sheep. 
ceolat (se'o-lat). A cerium salt of fatty acids: used 
in the treatment of wounds. 
cephaelin (sef-a'el-in). An alkaloid, CnH19NO2, 
one of the active principles of ipecac. It is said 
to be nearly twice as powerful as emetin. 
Cephaelis (sef-a-e'lis). A genus of plants. See 
ipecac. 
cephalad (sef'al-ad) [Gr. x«<paXi7 head]. Toward 
the head. 
cephalagra (sef-al-ag'rah) [Gr. xe^aXn head 4- 
aypa seizure]. Severe gouty pain in the head. 
cephalalgia (sef-al-al'je-ah) [Gr. KetpaXi) head 4- 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the head; headache, pha- 
ryngotympanic c., Legal's disease. See under 
disease. 
cephalanthin (sef-al-an'thin). A poisonous glu- 
cosid from Cephalan'thus. 
Cephalanthus occidentalis (sef-al-an'thus) [Gr. 
xeipaXi? head+ avOos flower]. A rubiaceous shrub, 
locally a tree, of North America: the root-bark 
is a laxative tonic: known as button-bush. 
cephaldol (sef-al'dol). A proprietary antipyretic 
and analgesic; a bitter powder made of phenetidin, 
citric and salicylic acids, and quinin, neutralized 
with sodium carbonate. 
cephalea(sef-al-e'ah). Cephalalgia, c. agita'ta, 
c. atton'ita, severe headache in the early stages 
of infectious diseases. 
cephaledema, cephaloedema (sef"al-e-de'mah) 
[Gr. KepaXr) head 4- olbrjpa swelling]. Edema of 
the head. 
cephalematocele (sef"al-e-mat'o-sel) [Gr. KipaXy 
head 4- alpa blood + K^Xr) tumor]. A bloody 
tumor under the pericranium, communicating 
with one or more sinuses of the dura through the 
cranial bones. Stromeyer's c., a subperiosteal 
cephalematocele which communicates with veins 
and becomes filled with blood during strong ex- 
piratory efforts. 
cephalematoma (sef"al-em-at-o'mah) [Gr. xe^aXn 
head + hematoma], i. A tumor or swelling filled 
with blood beneath the pericranium. 2. Caput 
succedaneum. 
cephalemia (sef-al-e'me-ah). Congestion of the 
brain or of the head. 
cephalhematocele. See cephalematocele. 
cephalhematoma (sef"al-he-mat-o'mah). See 
cephalematoma. 
cephalhydrocele (sef-al-hi'dro-sel) [Gr. Ke<paXri 
head 4- hydrocele]. A serous or watery accumu- 
lation outside of the cranium. 
cephalic (sef-al'ik) [L. cephal'icus; Gr. xe<paXix6s]. 
1. Pertaining to the head. 2. A medicine for 
the head. 
cephalin (sef'al-in) [Gr. Ke<paX-q head]. 1. A mon- 
amino-monophosphatid derived from brain sub- 
stance. It has a hematostatic action. 2. A pro- 
prietary headache remedy of coffee and antipyrin, 
each, 2 parts; sodium salicylate and caffein, each, 
2 parts. 
cephalitis (sef-al-i'tis). Same as encephalitis. 
cephalocathartic (sef"al-o-kath-ar'tik)[Gr. KtpaXij 
head + KaOaprcKos purgative]. Cleansing or clear- 
ing the head. 
cephalocaudal (sef"al-o-kaw'dal) [Gr. KtipaXi) head 
+ L. cau'da tail]. Cephalocercal. 
cephalocele (sef-al'o-sel) [Gr. xe^aXij head 4- K-qXrj 
hernia]. A protrusion of a part of the cranial 
contents. 
cephalocentesis (sef"al-o-sen-te'sis) [Gr. Ke^aXi/ 
head + Kcwr-qais puncture]. The surgical punc- 
ture of the head. 
cephalocercal (sef"al-o-ser'kal) [Gr. Kt<paXr) head 
+ KtpKos tail]. Pertaining to the long axis of the 
body. 
cephalochord (sef'al-o-kord) [Gr. Ke<paXr) head + 
xopby cord]. The intracranial portion of the 
embryonic chorda dorsalis. 
cephalocyst (sef'al-o-sist). A cestode worm. 
cephalodymia (sef"al-o-dim'e-ah). The condition 
of a cephalodymus. 
cephalodymus (sef-al-od'im-us) [Gr. KtpaXri head 
+ bvpevaa. to mingle]. A twin monstrosity with a 
single or united head. 
cephalodynia (sef"al-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. xe^aXij head 
4- obvv-q pain]. Pain in the head; headache. 
cephalogaster (sef"al-o-gas'ter) [Gr. xe^aXij head 
+ yacrri^p belly]. The anterior portion of the 
enteric canal of the embryo. 
cephalogyric (sef"al-o-ji'rik) [Gr. xe^aXi? head 4- 
yvpos a turn]. Causing turning of the head. 
cephalohematocele (sef"al-o-hem-at'o-sel). Ceph- 
alematocele. CEPHALOHEMOMETER 
233 
CERATOPHYLLUS 
cephalohemometer (sef"al-o-he-mom'et-er) [Gr. 
KeipaXq head + aijua blood + per poo measure]. An 
instrument for ascertaining changes in the intra- 
cranial blood-pressure. 
cephaloma (sef-al-o'mah). An encephaloid or soft 
cancer. 
cephalomelus (sef-al-om'el-us) [Gr. Ke<pa\ii head + 
peXos limb]. A fetal monster with an accessory 
limb growing from the head. 
cephalomenia (sef"al-o-me'ne-ah) [Gr. xe^aXi? 
head 4- p^v month]. Metastasis of the menses 
to the head, as in a nasal discharge at the men- 
strual period. 
cephalomeningitis (sef"al-o-men-m-ji'tis) [Gr. 
KepaXq head 4- meningitis]. Inflammation of the 
membranes of the brain. 
cephalometer (sef-al-om'et-er) [Gr. Ke<paXrj head 4- 
perpov measure]. 1. An instrument for measuring 
the head in craniometry. 2. An instrument for 
measuring the fetal head at birth. 
cephalometry (sef-al-om'et-re). Measurement 
made on the head. 
cephalomotor (sef-al-o-mo'tor) [Gr. KeipaXq head 
4- L. mo'tus motion]. Moving the head; pertaining 
to motions of the head. 
cephalone (sef'al-on). A large-headed idiot. 
cephalont (sef'al-ont) [Gr. KeipaXq head 4- ovtos 
being]. That stage of a developing gregarine pro- 
tozoon in which it is attached to the epithelial 
host cell. Cf. sporont. 
cephalopagus (sef-al-op'a-gus). Same as craniop- 
agus. 
cephalopathy (sef-al-op'ath-e) [Gr. Ke<paXq head 
4- rrados disease]. Any disease of the head. 
cephalopharyngeus (sef"al-o-fa-rin'je-us). See 
muscles, table of. 
cephalopin (sef'al-o-pin). An oily substance ex- 
tracted from brain tissue. 
cephaloplegia (sef"al-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. K«paXr) 
head 4- irXqyr] stroke]. Paralysis of the muscles 
about the head and face. 
cephalorachidian (sef"al-o-ra-kid'e-an). Per- 
taining to the head and the spinal column. 
cephalostyle (sef'al-o-stil). The cranial end of the 
notochord. 
cephalothoracic (sef"al-o-tho-ras'ik). Pertaining 
to the head and thorax. 
cephalothoracopagus (sef"al-o-tho-rak-op'ag-us). 
A double monster consisting of two fetuses joined 
by the head and thorax. 
cep halotome (sef'al-o-tom). An instrument for 
cutting the fetal head. 
cephalotomy (sef-al-ot'o-me) [Gr. Ke<paXq head 4- 
reppav to cut]. 1. The cutting up of the fetal 
head to facilitate delivery. 2. Dissection of the 
fetal head. 
cephalotractor (sef"al-o-trak'tor) [Gr. Ke<paXq 
head 4- tractor]. An obstetric forceps. 
cephalotribe (sef'al-o-trib) [Gr. Ke<paXq head 4- 
rpl0eiv to crush]. An instrument for use in 
cephalotripsy. 
cephalotripsy (sef'al-o-trip-se) [Gr. KecpaXr/ head 4- 
t pup is a rubbing]. The crushing of the fetal head 
in order to facilitate delivery, 
cephalotrypesis (sef"al-o-tri-pe'sis) [Gr. KepaXq 
head 4- rpvirr)ais a boring]. The trephination of 
the craniujn. 
ceptor (sep'tor). 1. See Ehrlich's side-chain theory 
under theory. 2. Any one of the nervous apparatus 
for, or organs which, receive external stimuli or 
impressions and transfer them to the nerve-centers. 
Cf. beneceptor and nociceptor, chemical c., a 
ceptor which transforms proper stimuli into 
chemical reactions in the body, contact c., a 
ceptor which receives stimuli of direct physical 
contact, distance c., the nervous apparatus 
through which an individual perceives or is affected 
by his distant environment, effector c., a ceptor 
in the brain which receives impulses of special ac- 
tions and becomes so trained for them that subse- 
quent similar impulses are much facilitated, nerve 
C. Same as ceptor, 2d def. 
cera (se'rah) [L. for "wax"]. Wax. c. alba, 
white, or bleached, beeswax, c. fla'va, yellow, 
or unbleached, beeswax. 
ceraceous (se-ra'shus) [L. ce'ra wax]. Wax-like in 
appearance. 
ceral (se'ral) [L. ce'ra wax]. Pasta cerata, a 
proprietary vehicle for the external applica- 
tion of medicines: it contains wax, potash, and 
water. 
ceramic dentistry (se-ram'ik) [Gr. Kepapos pot- 
ters' clay]. See under dentistry. 
ceramics, dental (se-ram'iks). The art of em- 
ploying porcelain and similar materials in dental 
work. 
ceramodontia (se-ram-o-don'she-ah) [ceramics 4* 
Gr. pSous tooth]. Ceramic dentistry or dental 
ceramics. 
ceramuria (ser-am-u're-ah) [Gr. Ktpapos potters' 
clay 4- ovpov urine]. Phosphaturia. 
cerasein (se-ra'se-in). A diuretic, sedative, and 
antipyretic resin from the bark of Cer'asus (now 
Prun'us) Virginia'na, or wild cherry. Dose, 5-10 
gr. (0.324-0.65 gm.). 
cerasin (ser'as-in). 1. A substance from the gum 
of cherry, plum, and other trees: said to be a 
carbohydrate charged with a lime-salt. 2. A 
compound, C70H138N2O12, formed by treating 
brain tissue with barium hydroxid. 
cerasinose (se-ras'in-6s). A carbohydrate from 
cherry-gum. 
cerasus (ser'as-us). Latin for cherry or cherry 
tree. See Prunus. 
cerate (se'rat) [L. cera'tum, from ce'ra wax], A 
medicinal preparation for external application, 
made with a basis of fat or wax, or both. A cerate 
is softer than a plaster, and can be spread on the 
skin without melting. The cerates of the U. S. P. 
are camphor cerate, cantharides cerate, cerate of 
lead subacetate, rosin cerate, compound rosin cerate, 
and simple cerate, blistering c., a mixture of 
spermaceti cerate and cantharides. camphor c. 
{cera'tum cam'phorce, U. S. P.), simple cerate, 85 
parts; camphor liniment, 3 parts; olive oil, 12 
parts: used in skin diseases. Goulard's c., cerate 
of lead subacetate {cera'tum plum'bi subaceta'tis, 
U. S. P.). Hufeland's c., simple cerate, 30 parts, 
lycopodium and zinc oxid, each, 2 parts: for sore 
nipples, simple c., a mixture of 8 parts of 
lard and 4 parts white wax, melted together, 
spermaceti c., a mixture of spermaceti, white 
wax, and olive oil. Turner's c., a salve con- 
taining wax, oil, and calamin. 
ceratectomy (ser-at-ek'to-me). Same as kera- 
tectomy. 
ceratiasis (ser-at-i'as-is). Same as keratiasis. 
ceratin (ser'ah-tin). Same as keratin. 
ceratine (ser'at-en). A proprietary ointment for 
skin diseases. 
ceratitis (ser-at-i'tis). Same as keratitis. 
cerato-. For words beginning thus, see those begin- 
ning kerato-. 
ceratocele (ser'at-o-sel). Same as keratocele. 
ceratocricoid (ser"at-o-kri'koid). The posterior 
cricothyroid muscle. 
ceratoglossus (ser"at-o-glos'us). See muscles, 
table of. 
ceratohyal (ser"at-o-hi'al). Pertaining to a cornu 
of the hyoid bone. 
ceratonosus (ser-at-on'o-sus) [Gr. Kepas cornea 4- 
vbaos disease]. Any disease of the cornea. 
Ceratophyllus (ser-at-of'il-us). A genus of fleas 
of the order Siphonaptera. C. acu'tus is the 
squirrel flea. C. fascia'tus, the rat-flea, which CERATOPLASTY 
234 
CEREBROPHYSIOLOGY 
is believed to transmit plague and also Trypano- 
soma lewisi from rat to rat. It serves as the inter- 
mediate host of the tapeworm Hymenolepis dim- 
inuta. C. galli'nse, a species which attacks 
chickens and man. C. silantiew'i, a flea which 
infests the Manchurian marmot and transmits 
plague. 
ceratoplasty (ser'at-o-plas-te). Same as kerato- 
plasty. 
ceratotomy (ser-at-ot'o-me). See keratotomy. 
ceratum (se-ra'tum). Latin for cerate. See ce- 
rate. 
cerberin (ser'be-rin). A poisonous alkaloid, C27H4()- 
O8, from Ce/bera odal'lam, a tree of Asia. 
cercaria (ser-ka're-ah), pl. cerca'ria [Gr. KepKos 
tail]. One of the larval stages of trematode worms, 
consisting of a body and tail. 
cerclage (sar-klazh') [Fr. an encircling]. Binding 
together of the ends of a fractured bone by a 
metal ring or wire loop. 
cercocystis (ser-ko-sis'tis). A form of larval tape- 
worm resembling cysticercus, but provided with a 
caudal appendage. 
cercomonad (ser-kom'o-nad). Any monad or pro- 
tozobn of the genus Cercom' onas. 
Cercomonas (ser-kom'o-nas) [Gr. uepnos tail 4- 
povas monad]. A genus of flagellate protozoa 
parasitic in the intestine of man and other animals. 
C. hom'inis, a species said to cause diarrhea and 
other disturbances in man. C. intestinal'is. 
See Giardia intestinalis. 
cercomoniasis (ser-ko-mo-ni'as-is). Infestation 
with Cercomonas. 
Cercosphw'ra addiso'ni. Same as Microsporon 
audouini. 
cercus (ser'kus), pl. cer'ci [Gr. Kepitos tail]. A 
bristle-like structure. 
cereal (se're-al) [L. cerea'lis]. 1. Pertaining to 
edible grain. 2. Any graminaceous plant bearing 
an edible seed; also the seed or grain of such a 
plant. 
cerealin (se-re'al-in). A ferment contained in brain 
extract and capable of converting starch into 
glucose. 
cerealose (se're-al-bs). A substance containing 
maltose and glucose, obtained by the action of 
enzymes on grains. 
cerebellar (ser-e-bel'ar). Pertaining to the cere- 
bellum. 
cerebellifugal (ser"e-bel-if'u-gal). Tending or 
proceeding from the cerebellum. 
cerebellipetal (ser"e-bel-ip'et-al) [cerebellum 4- 
L. pet'ere to seek]. Tending or moving toward 
the cerebellum. 
cerebellitis (ser"e-bel-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the cerebellum. 
cerebellofugal (ser-e-bel-of'u-gal). Cerebellifugal. 
cerebello-olivary (ser"e-bel-o-ol'iv-a-re). Con- 
necting the cerebellum and olivary body. 
cerebellopontile (ser"e-bel-o-pon'til). Pertaining 
to the cerebellum and the pons varolii. 
cerebellopontine (ser-e-bel-o-pon'tin). Cerebello- 
pontile. 
cerebellorubral (ser"e-bel-o-ru'bral). Pertaining 
to the cerebellum and the red nucleus. 
cerebellorubrospinal (ser''e-bel-o-ru-bro-spi'nal). 
Pertaining to the cerebellum, the red nucleus, and 
the spine. 
cerebellospinal (ser"e-bel-o-spi'nal). Pertaining 
to the cerebellum and spinal cord. 
cerebellum (ser-e-bel'um) [L. dim. of cer'ebrum 
brain]. That division of the brain behind the 
cerebrum and above the pons and fourth ventricle. 
It consists of a median lobe and two lateral lobes, 
connected with the other portions of the brain by 
three pairs of peduncles, the superior connecting 
it with the cerebrum, the middle with the pons, 
and the inferior with the medulla. The cerebellum 
is concerned in the coordination of movements. 
cerebral (ser'e-bral). Pertaining to the cerebrum. 
cerebralgia (ser-e-bral'je-ah) [cerebrum 4- Gr. 
&Xyos pain]. Headache. 
cerebrasthenia (ser"e-bras-the'ne-ah, ser"e- 
bras-the-ni'ah) [cerebrum 4- asthenia]. Debility, 
mental or other, associated with brain lesions. 
cerebration (ser-e-bra'shun) [L. cerebra'tio]. 
Functional activity of the cerebrum, uncon- 
scious c., mental action of which the subject has 
no consciousness. 
cerebriform (ser-eb'rif-orm) [L. cer'ebrum brain + 
for'ma form]. Resembling the brain or brain 
substance. 
cerebrifugal (ser-e-brif'u-gal) [L. cer'ebrum brain 
+ fu'gere to flee]. Conveying impulses away from 
the brain; centrifugal or exodic. 
cerebrin (ser'e-brin). i. A colorless, fatty princi- 
ple, C17H33NO3, from brain tissue; also any one 
of a group of such principles found in nerve tissue, 
yolk of egg, spleen, etc. 2. A remedy prepared 
from brain substance, alpha-c. See cerebrinin. 
cerebrinin (ser-eb'rin-in). A fluidextract of the 
brain of the calf, for therapeutic use. 
cerebripetal (ser-e-brip'et-al) [L. cer'ebrum brain 
4- pet'ere to seek]. Conducting or proceeding 
toward the cerebrum; afferent or centripetal. 
cerebritis (ser-e-bri'tis). Inflammation of the 
cerebrum, saturnine c., brain inflammation 
due to lead-poisoning. 
cerebrocardiac (ser"e-bro-kar'de-ak) [L. cer- 
ebrum + car'dia heart]. Pertaining to the brain 
and heart. 
cerebrogalactose (ser"e-bro-gal-ak'tos). Cere- 
brose. 
cerebrogalactosid (ser"e-bro-gal-ak'to-sid). Same 
as cerebrosid. 
cerebrohyphoid (ser"e-bro-hi'foid) [cerebrum 4- 
Gr. 6^17 tissue 4* ethos form]. Resembling brain 
tissue. 
cerebroid (ser'e-broid). Resembling the brain 
substance. 
cerebrol (ser'eb-rol). An oily substance from the 
brain. 
cerebrolein (ser-e-bro'le-in). An olein obtainable 
from the brain. 
cerebrology (ser-e-brol'o-je) [L. cer'ebrum brain 
4- Gr. Xoyos word]. The sum of knowledge re- 
garding the brain. 
cerebroma (ser-e-bro'mah). Any abnormal mass of 
brain substance outside the cranium. 
cerebromalacia (ser"e-bro-mal-a'se-ah) [L. cer'e- 
brum brain 4* Gr. /xaXaKos soft]. Abnormal soft- 
ness of the brain. 
cerebromedullary (ser"e-bro-med'u-la-re). Cer- 
ebrospinal. 
cerebromeningeal (ser"e-bro-me-nin'je-av. Per- 
taining to the brain and its membranes. 
cerebromeningitis (ser"e-bro-men-in-ji'tis). In- 
flammation of the brain and its membranes. 
cerebrometer (ser-e-brom'e-ter). An instrument 
for registering the pulsatory movements of the 
brain. 
cerebron (seFeb-ron). A crystalline cerebrosid 
from brain tissue; probably a mixture of phrenosin 
and kerasin. 
cerebronic acid (ser-e-bron'ik). See under acid. 
cerebro-ocular (ser"e-bro-ok'u-lar). Pertaining 
to the brain and the eye. 
cerebropathy (ser-e-brop'ath-e) [L. cer'ebrum 
brain 4- Gr. -rrados disease]. Any disorder of the 
brain, especially one due to overwork. 
cerebrophysiology (ser"e-bro"fiz-e-ol'o-je). The 
physiology of the cerebrum. CEREBROPONTILE 
235 
CERVICOTHORACIC 
cerebropontile (ser"e-bro-pon'til). Pertaining to 
the cerebrum and pons. 
cerebropsychosis (ser"e-bro-si-ko'sis) [L. cer'e- 
brum brain 4- Gr. life]. Any mental dis- 
order due to disease of the psychic centers. 
cerebrorachidian (ser"e-bro-ra-kid'e-an). Cere- 
brospinal. 
cerebrosclerosis (ser"e-bro-skle-ro'sis) [cerebrum 
4- sclerosis]. Morbid hardening of the substance 
of the cerebrum. 
cerebroscope (ser-e'bro-skop). An ophthalmo- 
scope for diagnosing brain disease. 
cerebroscopy (ser-e-bros'ko-pe) [L. cerebrum 
brain 4- Gr. trKoireiv to inspect]. 1. The diag- 
nostic examination of the brain, often performed 
by examining the eye with an ophthalmoscope. 
2. Postmortem examination of the brain. 
cerebrose (ser'e-bros). Brain-sugar, C6H12O6; a 
principle derivable from the brain substance, and 
sometimes found in diabetic sugar: called also 
cerebrogalactose. 
cerebrosid, cerebroside (ser'e-bro-sid). Any one 
of a class of lipoid compounds containing nitrogen, 
but no phosphorus, existing in the brain and 
medullary sheaths. 
cerebrosis (ser-e-bro'sis). Any disease of the 
cerebrum. 
cerebrospinal (ser"e-bro-spi'nal). Pertaining to 
the brain and spinal cord. 
cerebrospinant (ser"e-bro-spi'nant). Any medi- 
cine or agent that affects the brain and spinal 
cord. 
cerebrospinase (ser"e-bro-spi'nas). An oxidizing 
ferment occurring in the cerebrospinal fluid. 
cerebrosuria (ser"e-bro-su're-ah) [cerebrose 4- 
Gr. ovpov urine]. The occurrence of cerebrose 
in the urine; cerebral diabetes. 
cerebrotomy (ser-e-brot'o-me) [cerebrum 4- Gr. 
repveiv to cut]. The anatomy or dissection of the 
brain 
cerebrum (ser'e-brum or ker'e-brum) [L.]. The 
main portion of the brain, occupying the upper 
part of the cranium, and consisting of two equal 
portions, called hemispheres, which are united 
at the bottom by a mass of white matter, called 
the corpus callosum. C. abdomina'le, the 
celiac plexus. C. exsicca'tum, the gray sub- 
stance of the brain of calves, freed from fats, 
dried, and pulverized: used therapeutically in 
brain and nervous diseases. Daily dose, 30-60 
gr. (2-4 gm.). 
cerecloth (ser'kloth). Cloth impregnated with wax 
and made antiseptic: used in dressings. 
cereo (se're-o). A proprietary agent for predi- 
gesting starchy foods. 
cereoli (se-re'o-li) [L. " wax tapers "]. Medicated 
bougies. 
ceresin (ser'e-sin) [L. ce'ra wax]. A mineral wax 
from ozocerite: used as a substitute for beeswax. 
Called also ozokerite and earth wax. 
Cereus (se're-us) [L. " waxen "]. A genus of cac- 
taceous plants. C. grandiflo'rus, night-blooming 
cereus, is a cardiant. Dose of tincture, 15-20 
min. (1-1.333 c.c.); of fluidextract, 5-10 min. 
(0.32-0.65 c.c.). 
cerevisia (ser-e-viz'e-ah) [L.]. Beer, ale, porter, 
or other brewed malt liquor. 
cerevisiae fermentum (ser-e-viz'i-e fer-men'tum) 
[L.]. Brewer's yeast, c. fermen'tum com- 
pres'sum, compressed yeast. 
cerevisin (ser-e-vis'in). Dried brewer's yeast, used 
internally in furunculosis and externally in vag- 
initis. 
ceridin (ser'id-in). A proprietary preparation said 
to be the active principle of yeast. It is aperient 
and is used internally in acne. Dose, if gr. 
(0.1 gm.) twice a day. 
cerin (se'rin). Same as cerotic acid. 
cerium (se're-um) [L.]. A metallic element: sym- 
bol, Ce; atomic weight, 140.25. c. oxalate 
(ce'rii ax'alas), Ce2(C2O4)3 4- gH?O, is a white, in- 
soluble powder: sedative, tonic, and nervine; 
used in gastric irritability, vomiting of pregnancy, 
and reflex cough. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 
gm.). The nitrate has similar qualities and is 
given in the same doses. 
cerolin (se'ro-lin). A proprietary preparation from 
yeast: used as a purgative, and also in acne, furun- 
culosis, and other skin diseases, and in gynecology 
in the form of bougies and vaginal suppositories in 
leukorrhea, pruritus, etc. Dose, if-5 gr. (o. 1-0.3 
gm.), three times a day. 
cerolipoid (se-ro-li'poid). A waxy substance exist- 
ing in plants. 
cerolysin (se-rol'is-in) [L. ce'ra wax 4- lysin]. A 
lysin which decomposes wax. 
ceroma (se-ro'mah) [Gr. K^pwpa waxy mass]. A 
tumor of tissue which has undergone a waxy 
degeneration. 
ceromel (se'ro-mel) [L. ce'ra wax + mel honey], 
A mixture of wax and honey: sometimes used as 
a cerate and wound dressing. 
ceroplasty (se'ro-plas-te) [Gr. kt) pbs wax + 7rXa<r- 
aeiv to mold]. The making of anatomic models in 
wax. 
cerotic acid (se-rot'ik). See acid. 
certifiable (ser'tif-i-ab-1). Capable of being certi- 
fied : said of infectious diseases, cases of which must 
by law be reported to the health officers. 
cerumen (se-ru'men) [L.]. The wax-like secre- 
tion found within the external meatus of the ear; 
ear-wax. inspissated c., dried ear-wax in the 
external canal of the ear. 
ceruminal, ceruminous (se-ru'min-al, se-ru'min- 
us). Of or pertaining to the cerumen. 
ceruminosis (se-ru"min-o'sis). Excessive or dis- 
ordered secretion of cerumen. 
ceruse (se'rus) [L. cents'sa]. The basic carbonate 
of lead; white lead. 
cervanthropy (ser-van'thro-pe) [L. ce/vus deer 
+ Gr. avOpcoiros man]. Insanity in which the pa- 
tient thinks he has been turned into a deer. 
cervical (ser'vik-al) [L. cervica'lis, from cer'vix 
neck]. Pertaining to the neck or to any cervix. 
cervicalis ascendens (ser-vik-a'lis). See muscles, 
table of. 
cervicectomy (ser-vis-ek'to-me) [cervix + Gr. 
eKTop-p excision]. Excision of the cervix uteri. 
cerviciplex (ser-vis'ip-leks). The cervical plexus 
of nerves. 
cervicitis (ser-vis-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
cervix uteri; trachelitis. 
cervico-axillary (ser"vik-o-aks'el-a-re). Pertain- 
ing to the neck and axilla. 
cervicobrachial (ser"vik-o-bra'ke-al). Pertaining 
to the neck and the arm. 
cervicobuccal (ser"vik-o-buk'al). Noting the buc- 
cal surface of the neck of a molar tooth. 
cervicodorsal (ser"vik-o-dor'sal). Pertaining to 
the neck and the back. 
cervicodynia (ser"vik-o-din'e-ah) [L. cer'vix neck 
4- Gr. bbvvr) pain]. Pain in the neck. 
cervicofacial (ser"vik-o-fa'she-al). Pertaining to 
the neck and face. 
cervicolabial (ser"vik-o-la'be-al). Noting the 
labial surface of the neck of a canine or incisor 
tooth. 
cervicolingual (ser"vik-o-ling'wal). Pertaining to 
the lingual surface of the neck of a tooth. 
cervico-occipital (ser"vik-o-ok-sip'et-al). Per- 
taining to the neck and occiput. 
cervicoscapular (ser"vik-o-skap'u-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the neck and the scapula. 
cervicothoracic (ser"vik-o-tho-ras'ik). Pertaining 
to the neck and the thorax. CERVICOVESICAL 
236 
CHALARA 
cervicovesical (ser"vik-o-ves'ik-al). Pertaining 
to the cervix uteri and bladder. 
cervimeter (ser-vim'et-er) [cervix + Gr. uerpov 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring the cer- 
vix uteri. 
cervix (ser'viks) [L.]. The neck or any neck-like 
part. The cervix of a tooth is the portion of the 
tooth grasped by the gum between the crown and 
root. c. of axon, the constricted part of an axon 
before the myelin sheath is added to the axis-cyl- 
inder. c. colum nse 1 (posterio'ris [B N A]. 
Same as c. cornu, c. cor nu, the constricted part 
of the dorsal horn of gray matter in the spinal cord, 
tapiroid c., a uterine cervix with a peculiarly 
elongated anterior lip. c. u'teri, the lower and 
narrow end of the uterus, between the os and 
the body of the organ, c. vesi'cse, the neck of 
the urinary bladder. 
Cervus brasiliensis (ser'vus bra-zil-e-en'sis) [L.]. 
A Brazilian deer: its skin and hair afford a homeo- 
pathic remedy. 
ceryl (se'ril). A univalent hydrocarbon radicle of 
the fatty series, having the formula C27H55. 
cesarean section (se-za're-an) [L. sec'tio ccesa'rea; 
named from Julius Casar, who is said to have 
been thus born]. Delivery of the fetus by an 
incision through the abdominal and uterine walls. 
cesareanized (se-za're-an-Izd). Having been sub- 
jected to cesarean section., 
cesarotomy (se-zar-ot'o-me). The cesarean sec- 
tion. 
cesium (se'ze-um) [L. cal sium, from ca'sius blue]. 
A rare univalent metallic element with an alka- 
line oxid; atomic weight, 132.81; symbol, Cs. 
Some of its salts and binary compounds are used 
like those of potassium, c. bitartrate, a salt, 
CS2C4H4O6, in colorless, soluble, prismatic crys- 
tals: recommended for nervous heart palpitation. 
Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.3 gm.), c. bromid, a white, 
soluble, granular powder, CsBr: used in nervous 
heart palpitation. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.3 gm.), 
c. carbonate, a white, granular, hygroscopic 
salt, CS2CO3: used as a nervine. C. hydroxid, 
a grayish, hygroscopic substance, CsOH: anti- 
epileptic and nervine. C. sulphate, a colorless, 
soluble salt, CS2SO4, in stable prisms: anti- 
epileptic. 
Cestan-Chenais syndrome (ses-tan-shen-az'). 
See syndrome. 
Cestoda (ses-to'dah). An order of Platyhelminthes 
which includes the tapeworms which have a head 
or scolex and segments or proglottides. There are 
five families: Trypanorhynchidae or Tetrarhyn- 
chidae, Tetraphyllidae, Diphyllidae, PseudophyHidas 
or Bothriocephalidae, and Cyclophyllidae or Teni- 
idae. 
Cestodaria (ses-to-da're-ah). An order of Platy- 
helminthes which includes the forms made up of a 
single segment. There are two families: Caryo- 
phyllidae, found in fish, and Ligulidas, found in fish 
and in birds. 
cestode, cestoid (ses'tod, ses'toid) [Gr. Kearbs 
girdle + elbos form]. 1. Resembling a tape- 
worm. 2. Any tapeworm or platyhelmian of the 
group to which the tapeworms belong. 
cestus (ses'tus) [L. " a belt "]. A fold of the met- 
atela surrounding the dorsal portion of the brain- 
tube. 
cetaceum (se-ta'se-um). See spermaceti. 
Ceterach (set'er-ak) [Arabic]. A genus of ferns. 
C. officina'rum was formerly much used as a 
mucilaginous astringent. 
cethal (se'thal). A mixture of cinnamyl methyl with 
10 per cent, thymol: used as an inhalant in lung dis- 
eases. 
cetiacol (se-ti'ak-ol). See palmiacol. 
cetosan (se'to-san). A mixture of the higher alco- 
hols of spermaceti with soft paraffin: used as an 
ointment-base. 
Cetraria (se-tra're-ah). 1. A genus of lichens. 2. 
The official name of C. islan'dica, the so-called 
Iceland moss. It is nutritious and useful in 
lung and bowel affections. Dose of decoction 
(decodtum cetra'rice), 2-4 fl.oz. (60-120 c.c.). 
cetrarin (se-tra'rin). A bitter, crystallizable prin- 
ciple, C3oH30On, from Cetra'ria islan'dica, or Ice- 
land moss. It stimulates peristalsis and the 
secretions of the digestive tract. Dose, 1^-3 gr. 
(0.099-0.2 gm.). 
cetyl (se'til). A univalent alcohol radicle, C16H33. 
cetylid (set'il-id). A compound formed by boiling 
cerebrin with water. 
cevadilla (sev-ad-il'ah). Same as sabadilla. 
cevadin (sev'ad-in). A crystalline alkaloid, C32- 
H49NO9, from sabadilla. 
Ceylon moss (se'lon). A seaweed, Gracila'ria 
lichenoi'des: one of the sources of agar. 
Ceyssatite (ses'ah-tit) [Ceyssat, a village of France]. 
A white earth from France: useful as an absorbent 
powder in eczema and hyperidrosis, and in pre- 
paring ointments and medicated pastes. 
C. F. Abbreviation for carbol fuchsin. 
Cg. Abbreviation for centigram. 
Cgm. Abbreviation for centigram. 
C. G. S. An abbreviation for centimeter gram- 
second system, that system of measurement in 
which the unit of length is the centimeter, that 
of weight, the gram, that of time, the second. 
Ch. The symbol for hydrogen-ion concentration. 
(C H2)2- Ethylene. 
CH,. Methane. 
C2H2. Acetylene. 
CsH6. Benzene. 
Chabert's disease (shab-arz') [Philebert Chabert, 
French veterinarian, 1737-1814]. Symptomatic 
anthrax. 
Chad'dock's sign [Charles Gilbert Chaddock, St. 
Louis neurologist]. See under sign. 
Chadwick's sign (tshad'wiks) [James Read Chad- 
wick, American gynecologist, 1844-1905]. Jac- 
quemier's sign. See under sign. 
Chagas' disease (tshag'as) [Carlos Chagas, physi- 
cian in Brazil]. See disease. 
Chagres fever (chag'res). See fever. 
Chailletia (ka-il-e'she-ah). A genus of trees and 
shrubs, nearly all tropical. C. toxica'ria, of 
West Africa, bears poisonous fruit and seeds. 
chain (tshan). In chemistry, a method of linking 
together the atoms of a compound, closed c.» 
several atoms linked together so as to form a ring. 
Such compounds are derived from benzol, CeHs, 
and are known as aromatic, cyclic, carbocyclic, or 
coal-tar compounds, open c., several atoms 
united to form an open chain. Compounds of this 
series are related to methane and are also called 
fatty, aliphatic, acyclic, or paraffin compounds, 
side-c. theory. See under theory. 
chairamidin (tshi-ram'id-in). An alkaloid, C22H26- 
N2O4, from cuseo bark. 
chairamin (tshi-ram'in). An alkaloid, C22H26N2O4, 
from cuseo bark. 
chalamydospore (kal-am'id-o-spor). See spore. 
Chalara (kal-ar'ah). A genus of fungi which pro- 
duce the infection chalarosis. CHALAROSIS 
237 
CHANNING'S SOLUTION 
chalarosis (kal-ar-o'sis). The state of being in- 
fected by the fungus Chalara. It is attended by the 
development of nodules beneath the skin which 
degenerate into ulcers. 
chalastodermia (kal-as-to-der'me-ah). Chalazo- 
dermia. 
chalaza (kal-a'zah) [Gr. for "hail"]. A spiral 
band of albumin joining either end of the yolk 
of a bird's egg to the shell. 
chalazion (ka-la'ze-on) [Gr. "hailstone"]. A 
small tumor of the eyelid, formed by the disten- 
tion of a meibomian gland with secretion. 
chalazodermia (kal-az-o-der'me-ah) [Gr. x^Xafa 
hailstone + Seppa. skin]. Same as dermatolysis. 
chalcitis (kal-si'tis). Same as chalkitis. 
chalcosis (kal-ko'sis) [Gr. x^Xxos copper]. The 
presence of copper deposits in the tissues. 
chalice-cell (kal'is-). See ceU. 
chalicosis (kal-ik-o'sis) [Gr. xaXi$ gravel]. A dis- 
order of the lungs or bronchioles (chiefly among 
stonecutters), due to the inhalation of fine parti- 
cles of stones; a form of pneumoconiosis. 
chalinoplasty (kal'in-o-plas-te) [Gr.' xa^v°^ 
bridle; also a corner of the mouth + TrXaaaeiv 
to mold]. Plastic surgery of the angle of the 
mouth. 
chalk (chawk) [L. calx or cre'ta}. Amorphous 
calcium carbonate; a white, lusterless, insoluble 
earth: slightly alkaline. See creta. French c., 
magnesium silicate, prepared c. See creta 
prceparata. c.-stone, a gouty concretion, usually 
of the hands and feet: mainly composed of sodium 
urate, sometimes combined with various lime-salts, 
chalkitis (kal-ki'tis) [Gr. xa^K^ made of metal]. 
Inflammation of the eyes caused by rubbing the 
eyes after the hands have been used on brass. 
Called also brassy eye. 
chalone (kal'on) [Gr. x^ow to relax]. Same as 
colyone. 
chalonic (kal-on'ik). Same as colyonic. 
chalybeate (kal-ib'e-at) [L. cha'lybs; Gr. 
steel]. Containing or charged with iron: ferru- 
ginous or martial. 
Chamaelirium (kam-el-ir'e-um) [Gr. xaM°tt ground 
+ \eipiov lily]. A genus of liliaceous plants. C. 
lu'teum is a uterine tonic and diuretic. Dose 
of its aqueous infusion (1 ounce to 1 pint), a wine- 
glassful. 
chamseprosopic, chameprosopic (kam'e-pros- 
o'pic). Characterized by chanrueprosopy. 
chamaeprosopy (kam"e-pro-so'pe) [Gr. x^^al low 
+ TTpoacoTrov face]. The condition of having a low, 
broad face, i. e., a facial index of 90 or less. 
chamber (cham'ber) [L. cam'era; Gr. Kapapa]. 
An inclosed space or antrum, aqueous c., the 
space in the eye inclosing the aqueous humor, 
and divided by the iris into the anterior chamber 
and posterior chamber, c's of the eye, the 
spaces containing the humors of the eye. c's of 
the heart, the cavities of the auricles and ven- 
tricles. lethal c., a chamber for killing small 
animals (dogs, cats, etc.) with illuminating gas. 
pulp c., that part of the pulp cavity in which 
the body of a tooth is contained. vacuum 
C., in dentistry, the depression in a denture which 
helps to retain it in place, vitreous c., the 
space in the eye inclosing the vitreous. 
Chamberland filter (shahm-ber-lah') [Charles 
Edouard Chamberland, French bacteriologist, 1851- 
1908]. See under filter. 
chamecephalous (kam-e-sef'al-us) [Gr. x«M«' low 
+ Ke<paXr) head]. Having a low, flat head. 
chamelirin, chamaelirin (kam-e-lir'in). A poi- 
sonous glucosid from Chamcelir'ium lu'teum; a 
heart depressant and uterine tonic. 
chameprosopic, chamseprosopic (kam"e-pro- 
so'pik) [Gr. xa-M^a l°w + Trpbawov face]. Having 
a broad face. 
chamois-skin (sham'wah-, sham'e-). A soft wash- 
leather of sheepskin: used in surgery. 
chamomile (kam'o-mll) [L. chamomil'la; Gr. 
Xapat ground + pfiXov apple]. A popular name 
for composite-flowered plants of the genera An'the- 
mis, Calen'dula, Matrica'ria, and Tage'tes. The 
common or Roman chamomile is An'themis 
nob'Uis: a useful tonic and febrifuge. It is used 
in dyspepsia and as a diaphoretic, and locally in 
fomentations for relieving pain. Dose of pow- 
der, ^-i dr. (1.95-3.9 gm.); of extract, 2-10 gr. 
(0.13-0.65 gm.); of infusion, 2-4 fl.oz. (60-120 
c.c.). oil of c., the volatile oil of An'themis 
nob'ilis. Dose, 2-10 min. (0.13-0.65 c.c.). 
champacol (sham'pak-ol). The camphor, C15H28O, 
of the wood of the champak tree, Michel'ia cham'- 
paca: in white, soluble needles. 
champagne (sham-pan') [Fr.]. An effervescent 
French wine, with from 5 to 13 per cent, of alco- 
hol: a diffusible stimulant, soothing in certain 
cases of irritable stomach. 
Champetier de Ribes bag (shahmp-te-a de reb') 
[Camille Champetier de Ribes, French obstetrician, 
born 1848]. See under bag. 
champignon (shawm-pen-yaw') [Fr. "mush- 
room"]. Suppurative inflammation of the sper- 
matic cord of a horse sometimes following castra- 
tion. 
chancre (shang'ker) [Fr.]. The primary lesion of 
syphilis, fungating c., soft chancre, character- 
ized by fungoid granulations, hard c., Hunter- 
ian c., indurated c., true c., a constitutional 
venereal sore, followed by true syphilis. Its base 
and sides are distinctly hard, and it gives off a thin 
secretion that produces syphilis when inoculated 
upon another person, mixed c., an alleged form 
of soft chancre which is followed by constitutional 
syphilis. Nisbet's c., nodular abscesses in the 
penis after acute lymphangitis from soft chancre, 
non-infecting c., simple c., soft c. See 
chancroid. Ricord's c., the parchment-like 
initial lesion of syphilis. Rollet's c., mixed 
chancre, sporotrichosic c., the first develop- 
ing sore at the site of sporotrichic infection. 
chancriform (shang'krif-orm). Resembling a 
chancre. 
chancroid (shang'kroid). A soft or non-syphilitic 
venereal sore. It begins as a pustule on the 
genitals, forming soon after inoculation: it grows 
rapidly, and finally breaks down into a virulent 
ulcer, discharging pus. The secretion of a chan- 
croid is contagious, but does not produce con- 
stitutional syphilis, phagedenic c., chancroid 
with a tendency to slough, serpiginous c., a 
variety which tends to spread in curved lines. 
chancroidal (shang-kroi'dal). Pertaining to chan- 
croid. 
chancrous (shang'krus). Of the nature of chancre, 
chandu (tshan-du'). A preparation of opium used 
in opium smoking. 
change of life (chanj). The menopause, or normal 
and final cessation of the menses, often attended 
with various constitutional disturbances. 
change of sound, Biermer's or Gerhardt's. A 
change of percussion-note according to the pa- 
tient's position: an indication of pneumothorax, 
etc. 
channel (chan'el) [L. cana'lis a water-pipe]. That 
through which anything flows; a cut or groove, 
auriculoventricular c., the auricular canal of 
the heart. See canal, blood-c's, narrow pas- 
sages with no distinct walls, but containing blood: 
they are found in fresh granulation tissue, lymph- 
c's, the smaller lymph-sinuses; irregular spaces in 
and about the lymphatic glands and around lymph- 
atic vessels, perineurial c., a lymph-channel 
which surrounds a nerve-trunk. 
Channing's solution (tshan'ingz) [William 
Channing, American physician of 19th century]. 
See under solution. CH ANTEM ESSE'S REACTION 
238 
CHEESE 
Chantemesse's reaction, serum (shant-mes') 
[Andre Chantemesse, French bacteriologist, 1851- 
1919]. See under reaction and serum. 
Chapman's dinner pill, mixture [Nathaniel 
Chapman, American physician, 1780-1853]. See 
under pill and mixture. 
chappa (tshap'ah). A disease of West Africa some- 
what resembling syphilis or yaws. It is charac- 
terized by the formation of marble-sized nodules 
beneath the skin which degenerate and give off a 
flat-like material. 
Chap'paro amargo'so. A Mexican plant, 
Castela nicholsoni, said to be useful in amebic dys- 
entery. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
Chaput's method, operation (shap-ooz') [H. 
Chaput, French surgeon, died 1919]. See method 
and operation. 
character (kar'ak-ter). In heredity, one of the 
separate and distinct traits that are exhibited by 
an animal or plant, acquired c., a character 
developed by an animal during its life and not due 
to heredity, compound c., a character which 
is dependent on two or more genes for its produc- 
tion. dominant c., a character which can de- 
velop through the agency of a single gene. It 
thus appears in the first filial generation and in 
three-fourths of the members of the second filial 
generation, recessive c., a character which re- 
quires two genes for full development. Thus it 
often fails to appear (is recessive) in the first filial 
generation, but reappears in part in the second 
filial generation, unit c., a trait which is trans- 
mitted from parent to offspring intact, that is, 
without blending or mixing, though it may be either 
dominant or recessive. 
charbon (shar-bon') [Fr. for "coal"]. Malignant 
pustule; true or contagious anthrax, c. symp- 
tomatique. See symptomatic anthrax, under an- 
thrax. 
charcoal (tshar'kol). Carbon prepared by charring 
organic material. See carbo, animal c., carbo 
animalis: a variety obtained by roasting bones, 
blood, and other animal matter. It is used as a 
decolorizing agent. Called also bone-black and 
ivory-black, bone-c., animal charcoal, vege- 
table-c., wood-c., is used as a deodorizer, 
absorbent, and antifermentative in dyspepsia, 
diarrhea, and dysentery. It is also used as a 
dentifrice and in making poultices for foul ulcers. 
Charcot's disease, etc. (shar'koz) [Jean Martin 
Charcot, French neurologist, 1825-1893]. See dis- 
ease, etc. 
Charcot-Leyden crystals (shar-ko-li'den) [see 
Charcot and Leyden], See under crystal. 
charlatan (shar'lat-an) [Fr.]. A quack or medi- 
caster; a pretender to medical skill. 
charlatanism, charlatanry (shar'lat-an-izm, 
shar'lat-an-re). Quackery, or pretense in the 
practice of medicine. 
charleyhorse (char'le-hors). Stiffness of the 
arms and legs in baseball players. 
Char'mis. A physician born at Massilia, who prac- 
ticed in Rome in the time of Nero. He advocated 
the use of cold baths. 
charpie (shar-pe') [Fr.]. Scraped lint; a prepa- 
ration of spun linen: used in dressing wounds. 
Chart. Abbreviation for L. char'ta, paper. 
charta (kar'tah), pl. char1 tee [L.; Gr. %dpr»;$]. 1. 
Paper. 2. A piece of paper, medicated or other- 
wise. c. atropina'ta, paper charged with atropin 
and cut into small bits, each containing a milligram 
of the drug. c. canthar'idis, c. epispas'tica, 
cantharidal or blistering paper, c. explorato'ria 
lu'tea, turmeric paper; paper stained with tur- 
meric for use as a test-paper, c. potas'sii nitra'- 
tis, paper medicated with potassium nitrate: 
when burned, its fumes relieve the paroxysms 
of asthma. C. sina'pis, mustard-paper; paper 
with a preparation of powdered mustard-seed: 
used as a rubefacient and derivative. 
chartreuse (shar-truz') [Fr.]. A cordial liqueur 
from the southeast of France: prepared with 
brandy and various tonic and aromatic simples. 
chartula (kart'u-lah), pl. chart'ulce [L. dim. of 
char'la paper]. A small piece of paper, as for 
containing a dose of a medicinal powder. 
Chase's sign lira C. Chase, American physician, 
born 1868]. See under sign. 
Chassaignac's tubercle (shas-an-yahks') [Charles 
Marie E. Chassaignac, French surgeon, 1805-1879]. 
See tubercle. 
chaude-pisse (shod-pes') [Fr.]. A burning sen- 
sation experienced during micturition. 
Chauffard's syndrome (sho-farz') [A. Chaufard, 
contemporary French physician]. See syndrome. 
Chauliac, Guy de (sho'le-ak). An eminent French 
surgeon who practised in Avignon between 1340 
and 1370. He wrote in Latin a treatise on surgery 
entitled, "Inventa'rium Par'tis Chirurgica'lis 
Medici'nae," which was long regarded as a standard 
work. 
chaulmestrol (tchaul-mes'trol). A light, oily fluid, 
the ethyl esters of chaulmoogra oil used in the 
treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis. Dose, 1-5 
c.c. 
chaulmoogra, chaulmugra (tchawl-moo'grah). 
A bixaceous tree of southern Asia, Gynocar'dia 
odor a'la: its seeds afford an oil used in cases of 
leprosy, rheumatism, syphilis, and skin diseases. 
Dose, 2-10 min. (0.13-0.6 c.c.). 
Chaussier's areola, line, sign, tube (sho-se- 
az') [Francois Chaussier, Parisian physician, 1746- 
1828]. See under areola, line, sign, and tube. 
chavibetol (tshav-ib-e'tol). An isomer of eugenol 
found in oil of betel leaves. 
chavicol (tshav'ik-ol). An odorous volatile oil, para- 
allyl phenol, CsHj.CeHiOH1, from Chavica betle. 
methyl c., C3H5.C6H4OCH3, from oil of anise. 
chavosot (tshav'o-sot). Parallylphenol, a bacteri- 
cide: used in dental work. 
chawstick (tchaw'stik). A creeping shrub of 
Florida and tropical America, Gouan'ia domin- 
gen'sis; an aromatic tonic: used as a dentifrice. 
Chaya (tcha'yah). The chenopodiaceous plant, 
Ae/va lana'ta: used in Asia as a resolvent medi- 
cine. 
chaya-var (tcha'yah-var). A rubiaceous plant, 
Oldenlan'dia umbella'ta: cultivated in India, 
and used like madder as a dye-stuff; it contains 
alizarin. 
Ch. B. Abbreviation for Chiru/gice Baccalau'reus, 
Bachelor of Surgery. 
C2H5Br. Ethyl bromid. 
CH.CI3. Chloroform. 
C2H,C12. Ethylene chlorid. 
C2H,C1. Ethyl chlorid. 
C2HC13(OH)2. Chloral hydrate. 
C2H5CO2NH2. Ethyl carbamate. 
(CH3.CO),O. Acetic anhydrid. 
CHj.COOH. Acetic acid. 
C4H9.COOH. Valerianic acid. 
Ch. D. Abbreviation for Chiru/gice Doctor, Doctor 
of Surgery. 
Cheadle's disease (tshe'delz) [Walter Butler 
Cheadle, London pediatrist, 1835-1910]. See un- 
der disease. 
chebule (keb-yul'). The dried fruit of Termina'lia 
cheb'ula, an East Indian tree; chebulic myrobalan: 
it.is used as an astringent. 
checkerberry (chek'er-ber-e). See Gaultheria. 
check-experiment (chek'-). See experiment, 
control-. 
cheek-bone (chek-bon). The malar bone. 
cheese (chez) [L. ca'seus]. A food prepared from 
milk which has been acted upon by rennet or 
other like ferment: casein and a little butter are 
its main ingredients. CHEESY 
239 
CHEMISTRY 
cheesy (che'ze). Caseous, resembling cheese. 
cheilectropion (ki-lek-tro'pe-on) [Gr. x«Xo$ lip + 
ectropion]. Eversion of the lip. 
cheilitis (ki-li'tis) [Gr. x«Xos lip 4- tris inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the lip. c. glandula'- 
ris, chronic swelling and hardening of the lip due 
to inflammation of its glands. 
cheiloangioscopy (ki"lo-an-je-os'ko-pe) [Gr. 
xd\os lip + ayytiov vessel + aKoireiv to see]. Mi- 
croscopic observation of the circulation in the 
blood-vessels of the lip. 
cheilognathopalatoschisis (ki"lo-na"tho-pal-at- 
os'kis-is) [Gr. x«iXos lip + yvaOos jaw 4- L. pala'- 
tum palate + Gr. axt<ns cleft]. A malformation 
marked by cleft of the lip, upper jaw, and hard 
and soft palates. 
cheilognathus (ki-log'na-thus) [Gr. x«Xos lip + 
yvatios jaw]. Harelip. 
cheilopalatognathus (ki"lo-pal-at-og'na-thus) 
[Gr. x^Xos + L. pala'tum palate + Gr. 
yvaOos jaw]. Cleft-palate combined with fissure 
of the alveolar process of the jaw. 
Cheilophagia (ki-lo-fa'je-ah) [Gr. x^Xos lip + 
tpayeiu to eat]. Biting of the lips. 
cheiloplasty (ki'lo-plas-te) [Gr. x«iXos lip + TrXda- 
aeiv to form]. Surgical repair of a defect of the 
lip by a plastic operation. 
cheilopodiasis (ki"lo-po-di'as-is) [Gr. x^Xos lip + 
wous foot]. The presence of a centipede of the 
genus Cheilopoda in a body cavity. 
cheiloschisis (ki-los'kis-is) [Gr. xeiXos lip + ax^ns 
cleft]. Same as harelip. 
cheilostomatoplasty (ki"los-to-mat'o-plas-te) 
[Gr. x«tXos lip + aropa mouth 4- TrAaaaeiv to 
form]. Plastic surgery or restoration of the lips 
and mouth, as after the removal of a cancer. 
cheilotomy (ki-lot'o-me) [Gr. xeiXos Hp + ropy 
cut]. 1. Excision of a part of the lip. 2. Excision 
of an overgrowth of bone at the articular end of a 
long bone which impedes movement of the joint, 
seen in hypertrophic arthritis. 
cheiragra (ki-ra'grah, ki'rag-rah) [Gr. x^P hand 
4- ay pa seizure]. Gout of the hand. 
cheiralgia. See chiralgia. 
cheirocinesthesia (ki"ro-sin-es-the'ze-ah). Chei- 
rokinesthesia. 
cheirognostic (ki-rog-nos'tik) [Gr. x^p hand 4- 
Vi'wariKos knowing]. Able to distinguish the 
right hand from the left. 
cheirokinesthesia (ki"ro-kin-es-the'ze-ah). Per- 
ception of movements of the hand. 
cheirokinesthetic (ki"ro-kin-es-thet'ik) [Gr. yelp 
hand 4- kinesthetic]. Pertaining to the subjec- 
tive perception of the movements of the hand, 
especially in writing. 
cheirolein (ki-ro-le'in). An alkaloid from Cheiran'- 
thus chei'ri, or wallflower, having antipyretic 
properties. 
cheiromegaly (ki-ro-meg'al-e). Pseudo-acromeg- 
aly in which the swelling affects the hands, wrists, 
and ankles. 
cheiropodist. See chiropodist. 
cheiropompholyx (ki-ro-pom'fo-liks) [Gr. x^P 
hand 4- 7rop<pbXv% a water-bubble]. A skin dis- 
ease with peculiar vesicles on the palms and soles. 
cheiropractic, cheiropraxis. See chiropractic. 
cheirospasm (ki'ro-spazm) [Gr. x^P hand 4- 
(nraapbs spasm]. Writers' or telegraphers' cramp 
or other similar spasm affecting the hand. 
cheken (che'ken). A South American plant, 
Euge'nia che'ken: its leaves have properties like 
those of eucalyptus. Dose of fluidextract, 1-3 
fl-dr. (3.75-11.25 c.c.). 
chekenin (chek'en-in). A yellowish, crystalline 
principle, Ci2HuO3, from cheken leaves. 
chekenone (chek'en-on). A crystalline principle, 
C40H44Os, from cheken leaves. 
chelen (ke'len). Same as ethyl chlorid. 
chelerythrin (ke-ler'ith-rin). An alkaloid,. 
C21H17NO4, from Chelido'nium ma'jus: like san- 
guinarin, except that it has yellowish salts. 
chelidonin (kel-id-o'nin). A bitter alkaloid, C20- 
H19NO5 + H2O, from Chelido'nium ma'jus: its 
phosphate, sulphate, and tannate are mildly nar- 
cotic. Dose of sulphate, i|~3 gr. (0.09-0.2 gm.); 
of tannate, 3 gr. (0.2 gm.). 
Chelidonium (kel-id-o'ne-um) [L.; Gr. x«Xi3d>i' a 
swallow], A genus of papaveraceous plants; 
celandine. C. ma'jus is purgative, cholagogue, 
narcotic, and expectorant, and is used in whoop- 
ing-cough, jaundice, pneumonia, etc. Dose, 15-60 
gr. (0.95-3.9 gm.); of iuice, 5-10 min. (0.32-0.6 c.c.). 
cheloid (ke'loid) [Gr. claw + &>os form]. See 
keloid. 
Chelone (ke-lo'ne) [Gr. tortoise]. A genus of 
scrophulariaceous plants. C. gla'bra (balmony, 
or snakehead) is a bitter tonic and aperient. 
Dose of decoction (2 ounces to a pint), 1-2 fl.oz. 
(30-60 c.c.). 
che Ionin (ke-lo'nin). A dry preparation from 
Chelo'ne gla'bra: aperient, tonic, and anthelmintic. 
Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.066-0.264 gm.). 
chemasthenia (kem-as-the'ne-ah). An asthenic 
condition of the chemical processes of the body. 
chemesthesis, chemaesthesis (kem-es-the'sis). 
The sensation of matter. 
chemiatric (kem-e-at'rik). Pertaining to chem- 
iatry. 
chemiatry (kem'e-at-re) [Gr. XVP^ chemistry 4- 
larpela treatment]. Treatment based upon the 
theory of Paracelsus that diseases are due to 
chemic processes in the body. 
chemic, chemical (kem'ik, kem'ik-al). Of, or 
pertaining to, chemistry. 
chemicobiologic (kem"ik-o-bi-o-loj'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the chemistry of living matter. 
chemicocautery (kem"ik-o-kaw'ter-e). Cauter- 
ization by chemic means. 
chemicogenesis (kem"ik-o-jen'is-is) [chemic 4- 
Gr. production]. Fertilization of an ovum 
by chemic action 
chemicophysical (kem"ik-o-fiz'ik-al). Pertaining 
to chemistry and physics; pertaining to physical 
chemistry. 
chemicophysiologic (kem"ik-o-fiz-e-o-loj'ik). 
Pertaining to physiologic chemistry. 
chemicovital (kem"ik-o-vi'tal). Pertaining to the 
chemistry of living things. 
chemiluminescence (kem"e-lu-min-es'ens). Lu- 
minescence from the direct transformation of 
chemical energy. 
cheminosis (kem-in-o'sis) [chemistry + Gr. voaos 
disease]. Any disease due to chemic agents. 
chemiotaxis (kem"e-o-taks'is). See chemotaxis. 
chemiotherapy (kem"e-o-ther'ap-e). Same as 
chemotherapy. 
chemise (shem-ez') [Fr. " shirt "]. A muslin 
dressing for use mainly in rectal and vesical 
surgery. 
chemism (kem'izm). Chemic activity; chemic 
property or relationship. 
chemist (kem'ist). An expert in chemistry: in- 
correctly, a druggist or apothecary. 
chemistry (kem'is-tre) [Gr. xy^aV The science 
which treats of the elements and atomic rela- 
tions of matter, and of the various compounds 
of the elements, analytic C., chemistry which 
deals with analysis of substances, applied c., the 
application of chemistry to industry and the arts, 
biologic c., physiologic chemistry, colloid c., 
the chemistry of colloids, forensic c., use of chem- 
ical knowledge in the solution of legal problems, 
industrial c., applied chemistry, inorganic c., 
that branch of the science of chemistry which deals CHEMOCEPHALUS 
240 
CHIASMA 
with non-organized bodies or those which do not 
contain carbon, medical c., chemistry as it re- 
lates to medicine, metabolic c., physiologic 
chemistry, mineral c., inorganic chemistry; 
organic c., that branch of chemistry which deals 
with organized substances or those that contain 
carbon, pharmaceutical c., chemistry which 
deals with the composition and preparation of 
medicinal materials, physical c., that branch of 
chemistry which deals with the relationship of 
chemical and physical properties and relationships, 
physiologic c.; that branch of chemistry which 
deals with chemical processes that take place in 
animals and plants, structural c., chemical 
study of the structure of molecules, synthetic 
C., that branch of chemistry which deals with the 
building-up of substances from their constituents. 
chemocephalus (ke"mo-sef'a-lus). A monster 
with a flat head. 
chemoceptor (kem'o-sep-tor). Same as chemore- 
ceptor. 
chemocoagulation (kem"o-ko-ag-u-la'shun). Co- 
agulation or destruction of growths by the applica- 
tion of chemicals. 
chemo-immunity (kem"o-im-u'nit-e). Immuno- 
chemistry. 
chemo-immunology (kem"o-im-u-nol'o-je). The 
study of the chemic processes involved in im- 
munity. 
chemokinesis (kem"o-kin-e'sis) [Gr. xvuela chem- 
istry + Klwqais motion]. Increased activity of an 
organism due to the presence of a chemic sub- 
stance. 
chemokinetic (kem"o-kin-et'ik). Pertaining to 
or exhibiting chemokinesis. 
chemolysis (ke-mol'is-is) [chemistry + Gr. Xbais 
solution]. Chemic decomposition. 
chemomorphosis (kem-o-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. xvu^a. 
chemistry + popvq form]. Change of form due to 
chemic action. 
chemoreceptor (kem-o-re-sep'tor). A supposed 
group of atoms in cell protoplasm having the power 
of fixing chemicals, in the same way as bacterial 
poisons are fixed. See receptor. 
chemoreflex (kem-o-re'fleks). Reflex, and resulting 
from chemic action. 
chemoresistance (kem-o-re-sis'tans). Specific 
resistance acquired by cells to the action of chem- 
icals. 
Chemosis (ke-mo'sis) [Gr. from xflw cockleshell]. 
Excessive edema of the ocular conjunctiva, whether 
inflammatory or not. 
chemosmosis (kem-os-mo'sis). Chemical action 
taking place through an intervening membrane. 
Chemosynthesis (kem-o-sin'the-sis) [Gr. xVU^a 
chemistry + avudijais putting together]. The 
synthesis or formation of organic chemic com- 
pounds by energy derived from chemic reactions. 
chemotactic (kem-o-tak'tik). Of or pertaining to 
chemotaxis. 
chemotaxis (kem-o-taks'is) [Gr. xvp^vl chemistry 
+ arrangement]. The phenomenon shown 
by certain living cells of moving toward {positive 
c.) or away from {negative c.) certain other cells 
or substances which exert a chemical influence. 
chemotherapeutic (kem-o-ther-ap-u'tik). Per- 
taining to chemotherapy. 
chemotherapeutics (kem"o-ther-ap-u'tiks). Same 
as chemotherapy. 
chemotherapy (kem-o-ther'ap-e). Treatment of 
disease by chemical compounds that have a specific 
and selective effect on the microorganisms which 
cause the disease, without injuring the tissues of the 
patient. See Ehrlich's bichemic theory, under 
theory. 
chemotic (ke-mot'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with chemosis. 
chemotropism (ke-mot'ro-pizm) [Gr. xv^o- chem- 
istry + rpoirf) a turn]. The tendency of cells to 
turn or move in a certain direction under the influ- 
ence of chemical stimuli. When the movement is 
toward the substance exerting the chemical influ- 
ence, it is termed positive c; when away from the 
influence it is negative c. Cf. chemotaxis. 
chenocholic (ken-o-kol'ik). See under acid. 
Chenopodium (ken-o-po'de-um) [L., from Gr. xvv 
goose + irobs foot]. A genus of chenopodiaceous 
plants. The fruit of C. ambrosioi'des or C. anthel- 
min' ticum, or American wormseed: it is anthel- 
mintic, and is used for round-worms. Dose .of 
powder, 20-40 gr. (1.3-2.6 gm.); of volatile oil, 
5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). 
cheoplastic (ke-o-plas'tik) [Gr. x&v to pour + 
irXavaeiv to form]. Designating a method of 
molding artificial teeth with an alloy of tin, silver, 
and bismuth. 
Cherchevski's disease (sher-shev'skez) [Michael 
Cherchevski, contemporary Russian physician]. See 
under disease. 
cheromania (ke-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. xaipetp to re- 
joice + pavla madness]. Mania characterized 
by exaltation and cheerfulness. 
cherophobia (ke-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. xaipetv to rejoice 
+ tpb^os fear]. Morbid dislike or fear of gaiety. 
cherry (cher'e) [L. cer'asus], The name of va- 
rious rosaceous trees and species of the genus 
Pru'nus. See Prunus virginiana. c.-laurel, an 
old-world evergreen cherry-tree, Pru'nus lauro- 
cePasus: from its leaves a water (a'qua lauro- 
cer'asi) is distilled, having the properties of hydro- 
cyanic acid. Dose, 5-30 min. (0.33-2 c.c.). 
chervil (cher'vil) [L. ccerefo'lium, chcerophyl'lum; 
Gr. xatP«¥wM<"'L A cultivated umbelliferous 
plant, Chcerophyl'lum sati'vum: the leaves are 
used in cookery; the plant is aromatic and diu- 
retic, with the properties of celery. 
chest (chest). The popular term for the thorax, 
alar c., phthinoid chest, barrel-c., a rounded, 
bulging chest, showing little movement on respira- 
tion: seen in emphysema, cobbler's c., a chest 
showing a sinking in at the lower end of the sternum, 
flat c., deformity of the chest in which it is flat- 
tened from before back, foveated c., funnel-chest, 
funnel-c., pigeon-breast, in which the lower end 
of the sternum is retracted and variously deformed, 
keeled c., pigeon-breast, phthinoid c., the 
same as flat chest: so called as indicating a tuber- 
cular diathesis, pterygoid c., phthinoid chest, 
tetrahedron c., a chest which suggests a solid 
with four sides, each an equilateral triangle, the 
chest projecting in a peak between the nipples. 
chestnut (tshest'nut). 1. See Castanea. 2. One 
of the masses of horn on the medial surface of the 
forearm and on the distal part of the medial sur- 
face of the tarsus of horses. 
ch6tevism (sha'tev-izm). Arrest of development 
affecting the mass of the individual rather than any 
special organ or part. 
Cheyne-Stokes' nystagmus, respiration, etc. 
(tsha'ne-stoks) [John Cheyne, a Scottish physician, 
1777-1836; William Stokes, Irish physician, 1804- 
1878]. See nystagmus and respiration. 
C2H5HSO4. Ethyl sulphonic acid. 
CHI3. Iodoform. 
C2H,I. Ethyl iodid. 
Chian (ki'an). Pertaining to the island of Chios. 
See turpentine. 
Chiari's network (ke-ar'ez) [HansChiari, Gertnan 
physician, 1851-1916]. See under network. 
chiasm (ki'azm) [L. chias'ma; Gr. xlo-apa]. A de- 
cussation or X-shaped crossing. Camper's c. 
Same as chiasma tendinum. optic c., the de- 
cussation or crossing of the fibers of the optic nerve. 
chiasma (ki-az'mah). See chiasm, c. op'ticum, 
the optic chiasm. See chiasm, c. ten'dinum, 
the crossing of the tendons of the flexor digitorum 
profundus through the tendons of the flexor digi- 
torum sublimis. CHIASMAL 
241 
CHIONANTHUS 
chiasmal, chiasmic (ki-az'mal, ki-az'mik). Re- 
sembling a chiasm; crosswise. 
chiastometer (ki-as-tom'et-er) [Gr. x^aros crossed 
+ perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
any deviation of the optic axes from their normal 
parallelism. 
chibou, cachibou (se-boo', kash'e-boo). A resin 
like elemi, from Bur'sera gummif'era, a tree of 
tropical America and southern Florida: not used 
in official medicine. 
chicken-breast (chik'en-brest). Undue promi- 
nence of the sternum, caused by some obstruc- 
tion of infantile respiration, and possibly, in some 
cases, by rickets. 
chicken-cholera (chik"en-kol'er-ah). See under 
cholera. 
chicken-fat clot (chik"en-fat klot'). A yellowish 
blood-clot. 
chickenpest (chik'en-pest). See fowl plague, 
under plague. 
chickenpox (chik'en-poks). See varicella. 
chicle (che'kla) [Sp.]. The gum of A'chras sa- 
po'ta, a tree of tropical America: used in the 
manufacture of chewing-gum. 
Chiene's operation (shenz) [John Chiene, Scotch 
surgeon, contemporary]. See operation. 
chigger, chigo, chigre, jigger (chig'er, che'go, 
che'gra jig'er). 1. The Sarcopsyl'la (Dermatoph'- 
ilus) pen'etrans, a sand-flea of tropical regions: it 
often burrows in the hands and feet, causing great 
distress, and sometimes having even a fatal result. 
2. A harvest-mite, Lep'tus ir'ritans, of the southern 
United States, which sometimes becomes an an- 
noying semiparasite. 
chignon fungoid (shen-yawT See fungoid. 
chilblain (chil'blan) [L. pe/nio}. Inflammation 
and swelling of the toes, feet, or fingers, due to 
the influence of cold. 
childbed (child'bed) [L. puerpe'rium]. The puer- 
peral state, condition, or season; lying in. 
childhood (child'hud). The period of life before 
puberty, especially that which follows infancy. 
chill (chil). A shivering or shaking; an attack 
of involuntary contractions of the voluntary mus- 
cles, accompanied by a sense of cold and pallor 
of the skin, congestive c., pernicious malaria 
with gastro-intestinal congestion and diarrhea, pre- 
ceded by a chill, creeping c., a chilly sensation, 
without any definite tremor or chattering of the 
teeth, c's and fever, a popular name for inter- 
mittent fever, nervous c., a tremor due to some 
form of excitement and unaccompanied by altera- 
tion of temperature, shaking c., a chill in which 
there is a definite tremor, spelter c's, chills 
occurring in persons employed in brass foundries, 
zinc smelters, and in places where zinc is poured, 
urethral c., a chilly sensation, with or without 
tremor, sometimes following the passage of a 
catheter. 
chilo-. For words thus beginning, see cheilo-. 
Chilodon (ki'lo-don). A genus of parasitic ciliata. 
C. denta'tum has been found in the feces in a 
case of dysentery. C. uncina'tus was found in 
the feces in a case of schistosomiasis. 
Chilomas'tix mesnil'i. See Tetramitis mesnili. 
chilomastixiasis (ki-lo-mas-tix-i'as-is). Infesta- 
tion with Chilomastix. 
Chimaphila (ki-maf'il-ah) [Gr. xaga winter + 
<piXeiv to love]. A genus of ericaceous plants. 
The leaves of C. umbella'ta, or pipsissewa, are 
tonic and diuretic, astringent, and irritant: used 
in scrofula, nephritis, and cystitis. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
chimaphilin (ki-maf'il-in). A crystalline princi- 
ple, C10H19O, from Chimaph'ila umbella'ta; also 
a dry preparation of the same: vaunted as a can- 
cer remedy and as a diuretic. Dose, 2-3 gr. (0.13- 
0.2 gm.). 
chimatlon (ki-mat'lon) [Gr. xeiua winter]. An in- 
jury by frost, mild, c. is chilblain, severe c. is frost- 
bite. 
chimogene (ki'mo-gen) [Gr. x^0- winter + yevvav 
to produce]. An extremely volatile liquid used 
in producing local anesthesia by cold. 
chin (chin). The anterior prominence of the 
lower jaw; the mentum, galoche c., a chin that 
is congenitally thrust forward. 
china (ki'nah). Cinchona, or Peruvian bark. 
chinaphenin (kin-af-e'nin). The quinin carbonic 
acid ester of phenetidin, C20H23N2O2CO.NH.C6- 
H4.OC2H5: antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose, 
5-20 gr. (0.33-1.32 gm.). 
chinaphthol (ki-naf'thol). A bitter, yellow, crystal- 
line substance, quinin beta naphthol monosul- 
phonate, C2oH24N202(OH.CioHe.S02.0H)2, con- 
verted in the intestine into quinin and naphthol- 
sulphonic acid: an intestinal antiseptic and tonic. 
Daily dose, 75-15 gr. (0,5-1 gm.). 
china-root (chi'nah-root). The rhizome of Smi'- 
lax chi'na, a plant of southeastern Asia, much 
resembling sarsaparilla. 
chinaseptol (kin-as-ep'tol). Same as diaphtol. 
chin-cough (chin'kawf). Whooping-cough. 
chineonal (kin-e'o-nal). A compound of veronal 
and quinin, quinin diethyl barbiturate: used in 
febrile septic processes, such as typhoid, influenza, 
whooping-cough, etc. Dose, 10-15 gr. (0.6-1 gm.). 
chinin (ki'nin). Same as quinin. 
chinoform (ki'no-form). A cinchotannic acid and 
formaldehyd compound: useful in chronic enteritis 
and typhoid fever. 
chinoidin (kin-oi'din). An amorphous commercial 
mixture of the cinchona alkaloids, of which it has 
the general properties. Dose, 1-60 gr. (0.066- 
4 gm.). 
chinol (ki'nol). A white, powdery antipyretic and 
analgesic coal-tar derivative, C9H6NC1O, or chin- 
olin monohypochlorite. Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.19-0.33 
gm-)-, 
chinolin (kin'o-lin). See quinolin 
chinone (kin'on). See quinone. 
chinopyrin (kin-o-pi'rin). A combination of qui- 
nin hydrochlorid (50 per cent.) and antipyrin 
(33$ per cent.): used hypodermically in malarial 
disorders. Hypodermic dose, 15 min. (1 c.c.). 
chinoral (kin-o'ral). An oleaginous, bitter com- 
pound containing quinin and chloral: antiseptic 
and hypnotic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). Called 
also quinochloral. 
chinosol (ki'no-sol). A yellow powder, oxyquinolin 
sulphate, [CeH3(OH)(CH)3N]2H2SO4: antiseptic, 
antipyretic, astringent, and styptic. It is used ex- 
ternally in solutions of from 1 : 5000 to 1 : 500; 
internally, dose, 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 gm.). 
chinothein (ki-no-the'in). An antipyretic com- 
pound of quinin, antipyrin, and caffein. 
chino toxin (ki-no-toks'in). Quinotoxin; a poison- 
ous artificial compound, dichinolin dimethyl sul- 
phate, with properties resembling those of curare. 
chinotropin (ki-no-tro'pin). Urotropin quinate: 
used as a urinary disinfectant and a solvent for 
uric acid. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.33-1.32 gm.). 
chinovin (kin'o-vin). A bitter glucosid from cin- 
chona bark. 
chiolin (ki'o-lin). A proprietary antipruritic and 
antiseptic remedy: used for pruritus, neuralgia, 
neuritis, and rheumatism. 
chionablepsia (ki"o-nah-blep'se-ah) [Gr. xL^v 
snow + blindness]. Snow-blindness. 
chionanthin (ki-o-nan'thin). A resinoid from 
Chionan' thus virgin' ica: tonic, aperient, and 
sedative. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.19 gm.). 
Chionanthus (ki-o-nan'thus) [Gr. snow 4- 
avOos flower], A genus of oleaceous shrubs; C. 
virgin'ica, the fringe-tree of North America, is 
tonic, diuretic, and aperient. Dose of fluidextract 
of the bark, |-i fl.dr. (1.8-3.7 c.c.). CHIONYPHE CARTERI 
242 
CHLORAL 
Chionyphe carteri (ki-on'if-e kar'ter-i). A fungus 
at one time considered to be the cause of Madura 
foot. 
chip-blower. A metal tube attached to a rubber 
bulb for blowing particles from a tooth cavity 
which is being excavated. 
chiragra (ki-ra'grah) [Gr. xeiP hand + aypa 
seizure]. Pain in the hand. 
chiralcol (ki-ral'kol). A proprietary alcohol soap 
for disinfecting the hands. 
chiralgia (ki-ral'je-ah). Same as chiragra. 
chirality (ki-ral'it-e) [Gr. x^P hand + al], The 
power of turning the plane of polarization of light 
to the right or left hand. 
chirapsia (ki-rap'se-ah). Massage; hand-friction. 
chirarthritis (ki-rar-thri'tis) [Gr. xdp hand + 
arthritis]. Inflammation of the joints of the hand 
and fingers. 
chirata, chiretta (ki-ra'tah, ki-ret'ah) [Hind. 
chiraetd], The plant Ophe'lia chira'ta, a gen- 
tianaceous herb of India. It is a bitter tonic and 
cholagogue. Dose of tincture, 15-60 min. (1-4 
c.c.); of fluidextract, 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.). 
chiratin (ki-ra'tin). A bitter principle, C26H45O15, 
from chirata. 
chirettin (ki-ret'in). A dry, saccharated, propri- 
etary preparation of chirata. 
chirognomy (ki-rog'no-me) [Gr. x^-P hand + 
yvupwv judge]. The study of the hand as a 
guide to character. 
chirognostic (ki-rog-nos'tik) [Gr. x^P hand -f- 
yvuaTLKos knowing]. Capable of distinguishing 
the right and left sides of the body. c. feeling, 
the power to distinguish by the feeling which side 
of the body has been touched. 
Chirol (ki'rol). A solution of resins and fatty oils 
in ether and alcohol, used for sterilizing the hands 
before surgical operations. 
chiromegaly (ki-ro-meg'al-e) [Gr. x^p hand + 
peyaXla bigness]. Enlargement of the hands. 
Chironomidse (ki-ro-nom'id-e). A family of Dip- 
tera which comprises the true midges. 
chiroplasty (ki'ro-plas-te) [Gr. x^P hand + TrXaa- 
aecv to form]. A plastic operation on the hand. 
chiropodalgia (ki-ro-po-dal'je-ah) [Gr. yeip hand 
+ nobs foot + aKyos pain]. Pain in the hands 
and feet. 
Chiropodist (ki-rop'o-dist) [Gr. x^P hand + ttovs 
foot]. One who treats corns, bunions, and other 
affections of the hands and feet. 
chiropody (ki-rop'o-de). The art, business, or pro- 
fession of a chiropodist. 
chiropractic (ki-ro-prak'tik) [Gr. x^P hand + 
TTpaaaeiv to do]. A system of adjustment consist- 
ing of palpation of the spinal column to ascertain 
vertebral subluxations, followed by the adjust- 
ment of them by hand, in order to relieve pressure 
upon nerves at the intervertebral foramina so that 
nerve force may flow freely from the brain to the 
rest of the body (Palmer). 
chiropractor (ki-ro-prak'tor). One who practises 
chiropractic. 
chiropraxis (ki'ro-praks-is). Same as chiropractic. 
chirosoter (ki-ro-so'ter). A proprietary prepara- 
tion for treating burns. 
chirospasm (ki'ro-spazm) [Gr. x^P hand + spasm]. 
Writers' cramp. 
chirurgeon (ki-rur'jun) [antiquated]. A surgeon, 
chirurgery (ki-rur'jer-e) [L. chirur'gia, from Gr. 
xdp hand + ipyov work]. Same as surgery. 
chirurgic (ki-ru/jik). Pertaining to surgery. 
chitenin (ki'ten-in). An oxidation product of 
quinin: used in malaria. 
chitin (ki'tin) [Gr. x^dsv tunic]. A horny sub- 
stance forming the framework of shells of crabs and 
lobsters and shards of beetles. It is probably a 
polymerized acetyl glucosamine. 
chitinous (kit'in-us). Composed of or of the na- 
ture of chitin. 
chitonitis (ki-to-ni'tis) [Gr. xitwv tunic]. Inflam- 
mation of any investing membrane. 
chitosamin (ki-to-sam'in). Same as glucosamin. 
chitosan (ki'to-san). A product obtained from 
chitin. It is probably an acetyl glucosamine. 
Chitose (ki'tos). A sugar, C6H12OS, formed by the 
reduction of chitonic acid. 
Chittenden's diet (tshit'en-denz) [Russell Henry 
Chittenden, American physiologic chemist, born 
1856]. See diet. 
chittim (chit'im). The shrub, Rham'nus pursin'- 
ana, which affords cascara sagrada. 
Chlamydobacteria (klam"id-o-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. 
xXapvs cloak + bacteria], A division of bacteria, 
including those species that are surrounded by a 
thick sheath or capsule. It includes Cladothrix, 
Crenothrix, Phragmidothrix, and Thiothrix. 
Chlamydobacteriales (klam"id-o-bak-te-re-a'- 
les). A systematic order under the class Schizo- 
mycetes. The members are water forms whose 
cells unite into elongated filaments often with a 
well-marked sheath and often showing false branch- 
ing, but never true branching. Iron is often present. 
Chlamyd'ophrys anchelys, C. sterco'rea. A 
protozobn found in the feces of man and various 
animals. Called also Platoum stercoreum. 
chlamydospore (klam'id-o-spor) [Gr. x^P^ 
cloak + spore], 1. The reproductive organ of 
certain fungi; so named because of its being in- 
closed by two envelops. 2. A spore that is covered. 
Chlamydozoa (klam-id-o-zo'ah) [Gr. x^aP^ cloak 
+ animal]. Minute intracellular organisms 
which appear as mere specks of chromatin or may 
be invisible. Some are filter passers. It is thought 
that some or all of the following diseases may be 
caused by Chlamydozoa: fowl plague, foot-and- 
mouth disease, hydrophobia, jaundice of silk- 
worms, molluscum con t agiosum, scarlatina vari- 
ola, trachoma, and vaccinia. 
chloasma (klo-az'mah) [Gr. xXoafeip to be green]. 
A cutaneous discoloration occurring in yellow- 
ish-brown patches and spots. The term is ap- 
plied vaguely to various pigmentary skin discol- 
orations. c. bronzinum, bronze colored pig- 
mentation of the face, neck, and chest from con- 
stant exposure to the sun in the tropics. Called 
also tropical mask. c. cachectico'rum, chloas- 
ma due to cachectic conditions of tuberculosis, syph- 
ilis, malaria, etc. C. hepat'icum, the so-called 
liver-spot; a skin discoloration following dyspepsia. 
C. phthisico'rum, brown patches on the cheeks 
and forehead of tuberculous patients, sympto- 
matic c., chloasma symptomatic of some other 
disease, as syphilis, c. uteri'num, a skin dis- 
coloration which occurs during gestation. 
chloracetic acid (klo-ras-e'tik). See acid. 
chloracetization (klo"ras-et-iz-a'shun). The pro- 
duction of local anesthesia by the application of 
equal parts of chloroform and glacial acetic acid. 
chloral (klo'ral) [chloral + alcohol]. A color- 
less, oily liquid, trichloracetic aldehyd, CI3C.CHO 
(also called anhydrous c. and hydrated c., U. S. P.), 
prepared by the mutual action of alcohol and chlo- 
rin. Combined with water it forms ordinary chloral 
(called c. hydrate], CClaCH(OH)2, a deliquescent, 
crystalline substance having an aromatic, penetrat- 
ing odor and a bitter, caustic taste. Chloral hydrate 
is an anodyne, hypnotic, and antispasmodic in in- 
somnia, mania, delirium tremens, hysteria, tetanus, 
labor, puerperal and other convulsions, chorea, 
spasmodic croup, asthma, laryngismus stridulus, 
hiccough, etc. It is used locally in neuralgia, and is 
applied to foul sores and ulcers. Dose, 15-30 gr. 
(1-2 gm.), c.-ammonium, a substance, trichlor- 
amino-ethyl alcohol, CCh-CHfNHajOH, resembling 
chloral, but more stimulating to the circulation. 
Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.3 gm.), butyl-c., an CHLORALACETOPHENONOXIM 
243 
CHLORIN 
oily, pungent liquid, CH3CHCI.CQ2CHO, whose 
hydrate, butyl-c. hydrate, a crystalline compound, is 
used like chloral hydrate. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.), 
c.-cafiein, an antispasmodic and anodyne com- 
bination of caffein and chloral, C8H10N4O2.CCI3- 
CHO, soluble in water. Dose (hypodermic), 3-4I 
gr. (0.194-0.293 gm.), c. carbamid, a milky 
hypnotic preparation: little used. c.-carbol, 
chloral hydrate, 1 part, and phenol, 1.4 parts: 
locally anesthetic and counterirritant, c.-car- 
min, a staining-fluid made of carmin, 0.05 gm.; 
hydrochloric acid, 30 min.; alcohol. 20 c.c.; and 
chloral hydrate, 25 gm. c. cyanhydrate, a 
white, crystalline substance, CC13.CH(0H).CN: 
recommended for use in the place of bitter-almond 
water; called also c. hydrocyanate, c. formamid. 
See chloralamid. hydrated c., the U. S. P. name 
for chloral, insoluble c. See metachloral, c.- 
menthol, a liquid composed of equal parts of 
chloral and menthol. It is locally anesthetic and 
counterirritant. 
chloralacetophenonoxim (klo"ral-as"et-o-fe"no- 
noks'im). An agent in colorless prismatic crys- 
tals: used for tetanus and epilepsy. 
chloralacetoxim (klo"ral-as-et-oks'im). A hyp- 
notic of the class called chloraloxims. 
chloralamid (klo-ral-am'id). Chloralformamid, a 
crystalline compound, CCI3.CHOH.NH.COH, 
slowly soluble in water: a somnifacient slower, but 
probably safer, than chloral. Dose, 20-60 gr. 
(1-29-3-88 gm.). 
chloralantipyrin (klo-ral-an-te-pi'rin). See hyp- 
nal. 
chloralbacid (klo-ral-bas'id). A chlorin and al- 
bumin compound: for use in stomach disorders. 
Dose, 7^-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
chloralcaffein (klo-ral-kaf'e-in). A compound 
of chloral and caffein employed in rheumatism. 
chloralcamp ho roxim (klo"ral-kam-for-oks'im). 
A compound of camphor belonging to the group 
of chloraloxims: hypnotic. 
chloralformamid (klo-ral-for-mam'id). Chloral- 
amid. 
chloralimid (klo-ral'im-id). A tasteless and odor- 
less crystalline substance, (CC13CH = NH)3: used as 
a substitute for chloral. Dose, 3-7 gr. (0.19-0.45 
gm.). 
chloralin (klo'ral-in). An antiseptic fluid derived 
from chlorin and phenol. 
chloralism (klo'ral-izm). The habitual use of 
chloral; also the depraved state of body and 
mind which follows such misuse. 
chloralization (klo-ral-iz-a'shun). 1. Same as 
chloralism. 2. Anesthesia by the use of chloral. 
chloralnitrosobetanaphthol (klo-ral-ni-tro-so- 
be-tah-naf'tol). A white, crystalline powder, C12H8- 
Cl3NO3C10H5(OH) : NOCH(OH)CC13, having hyp- 
notic and antiseptic properties. 
chloralose (klo'ral-6z). A crystalline hypnotic 
substance, C8H12CI3O6, a compound of chloral 
and glucose. Soluble in alcohol and hot water; 
sparingly soluble in cold water. Dose, 3-14 gr. 
(0.194-0.907 gm.). 
chloraloxim (klo-ral-oks'im). Any one of a 
group or series of compounds of chloral hydrate 
with oxims. They are medicinally active, but 
are not employed as hypnotics. 
chloralum (klo-ral'um). A commercial name for 
various disinfectant mixtures of aluminum chlorid. 
c. hydra'turn, the U. S. P. name for chloral. 
chloralurethan (klo-ral-u're-than). Same as ural. 
Chloramine (klor-am'in). A compound containing 
chlorin attached to nitrogen in the form of NCI 
groups. 
chloramine-B (klo-ram'in-be). Sodium benzene 
sulpho chloramid, C6H5.SO2.NaNCl.2H2O: used in 
place of chloramin T. 
Chloramine-T (klo-ram'in-te). Sodium para-tohi- 
enesulphochloramid, CH3.C6H4SO2NaNCl + 3H2O, 
a white crystalline powder: used in 0.5 to 4 per 
cent, solution as an irrigating fluid in the treat- 
ment of wounds, as a mouth-wash, and for irrigating 
the bladder and uterus. It is an active germicide, 
chloramyl (klo-ram'il). 1. Amyl in which the 
hydrogen is replaced by chlorin. 2. Chloroform, 
1 pound, mixed with 2 drams of amyl nitrite: 
anesthetic. 
chloranemia (klo-ran-e'me-ah). Same as chlorosis. 
chloranemic (klo-ran-e'mik). Chlorotic. 
chloranodyne (klo-ran'o-din). An anodyne mix- 
ture: contains morphin, cannabis, hydrocyanic 
acid, chloroform, peppermint, and capsicum. 
Dose, 15 min. (1 c.c.). 
Chloranthus (klo-ran'thus) [L.; Gr. xXwpos green 
+ avQos flower]. A genus of piperaceous plants. 
C. officina'lis, of southeastern Asia, has a cam- 
phory smell, and is highly valued as a stimulant 
in low fevers. 
chlorate (klo'rat). Any salt of chloric acid. 
chlorazene (klo'raz-en). A proprietary name for 
chloramine-T. 
chlorazol (klo'ra-zol). A highly poisonous, oily 
liquid obtained by treating albumin, glutin, or 
dried muscle with nitric and hydrochloric acids. 
chlorbutanol (klor-bu'tan-ol). Same as chloretone. 
chlorcamphor (klor-kam'for). A name given to 
various compounds of camphor and chlorin: 
several have had a limited use in medicine. 
chlorcosane (klor'ko-san). A proprietary liquid 
chlorinated paraffin: used as a solvent of dichlo- 
ramine-T. 
chloremia, chlorsemia (klo-re'me-ah) [Gr. x^pos 
green + aqua blood]. A disease marked by a de- 
praved condition of the blood, with decrease in the 
red corpuscles and in the amount of hemoglobin. 
chlorenchyma (klor-en'kim-ah). The chlorophyl- 
bearing tissue of plants. 
chlorephidrosis (klo"ref-id-ro'sis) [Gr. x^opos 
green + ecpiopcoacs perspiration]. Green per- 
spiration. 
chlorethyl (klo-re'thil). Ethyl chlorid. 
Chloretone (klo're-ton) [chloroform + acetone]. 
A white, crystalline compound, trichlor tertiary 
butyl alcohol, CC13(CH3)2C.OH, having a cam- 
phoraceous odor, formed when caustic potash is 
added to equal weights of acetone and chloroform. 
It is sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in 
chloroform, alcohol, and ether. It is a local anes- 
thetic and internally a hypnotic, antiseptic, and 
antinauseant: used in seasickness. Dose, 5-20 
gr- (o-333-i-333 gm.). 
chloric (klo'rik) [L. chlo'ricus], Derived from or 
containing chlorin; a term used to distinguish those 
chlorin compounds which contain a smaller pro- 
portion of chlorin than the chlorous compounds. 
Chlorid, chloride (klo'rid, klo'rid). A salt of hy- 
drochloric acid; any binary compound of chlorin, 
acid c., a substance formed by substituting 
chlorin for hydroxyl in an acid molecule. 
chloridemia (klo-rid-e'me-ah) [chlorid + Gr. alpa. 
blood]. The retention of chlorids in the blood. 
chloriden (klo'rid-en). Ethylidene chlorin. 
chloridimeter (klo-rid-im'et-er) [chlorid + Gr. 
per poo measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the chlorid content of the urine or other fluid. 
Chloridimetry (klo-rid-im'et-re). The determina- 
tion of the chlorid content of fluids. 
chloridion (klo-rid-i'on). Negatively ionic chlorin, 
the anion of hydrochloric acid and the chlorids. 
chloridrometer (klo-rid-rom'et-er). An apparatus 
for estimating the amount of chlorids in the urine. 
chloriduria (klo-rid-u're-ah) [chlorid + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. Excess of chlorid in the urine. 
chlorin (klo'rin) [L. chlo'rum or Mori'num, from 
Gr. xXwpos green]. A yellowish-green, gaseous 
element, of suffocating odor; symbol, Cl; atomic CHLORINATED 
244 
CHLORPHENOL 
weight, 35.4; specific gravity, 2.45. It is disin- 
fectant, decolorant, and an irritant poison. It 
is used for disinfecting, fumigating, and bleach- 
ing, either in an aqueous solution or in the form 
of chlorinated lime, c.-water [L. a'qua chlo'ri], 
water charged with chlorin: antiseptic and cleans- 
ing. Dose, 10-20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.). 
chlorinated (klo'rin-a-ted). Charged with chlorin, 
chlorisol (klo'ris-ol). A trade name for Dakin's 
solution of hypochlorite. 
chlorite (klo'rlt). A salt of chlorous acid. 
chlorlyptus (klor-lip'tus). A synthesized chlorin- 
ated comjxjund oil of eucalyptus containing 25 per 
cent, of chlorin: used as an antiseptic. 
chloro^acetone (klo"ro-as'et-6n). CH2Cl.CO.CH3, 
a lacrimating war gas. 
chloro-acetophenone (klo"ro-as-et-o-fe'non). Ce- 
H5.CO.CH2Q, a lacrimating war gas. 
chloro-anemia (klo"ro-an-e'me-ah). 1. Same as 
chlorosis. 2. Anemia associated with rickets, tuber- 
culosis, cancer, syphilis, etc. 
colorobrightism (klo-ro-brit'izm). Chlorosis 
with albuminuria. 
chlorobrom (klo'ro-brom). A mixture of potassium 
bromid and chloralamid in licorice water: used as a 
hypnotic and in sea-sickness. 
chlorocruorin (klo-ro-kru'o-rin). The green col- 
oring-matter of worms. 
chlorodyne (klo'ro-din) [chloroform + Gr. bbvvn 
pain]. A proprietary anodyne containing chlo- 
roform, hydrocyanic acid, capsicum, and canna- 
bis. Dose, 5-10 min. (0.33-0.66 c.c.). 
chlorodynomania (klo"ro-di-no-ma'ne-ah). Ha- 
bitual use of chlorodyne as an intoxicant. 
chloroform (klo'ro-form) [L. chlorofor'mum; from 
chlorin + formyl}. A colorless, volatile liquid, 
CHCI3, of a strong ethereal smell and a sweet- 
ish, burning taste. It is formed by the action of 
chlorinated lime on methyl alcohol, It is a strong 
anesthetic, anodyne, and antispasmodic, and a 
good counterirritant. It is usually administered 
by inhalation. As an anodyne it may be given 
in small doses by the mouth. It is also used in 
the form of a liniment in rheumatism, headache, 
and neuralgia, acetone c. See chloretone. 
alcoholized c., a mixture of chloroform and alco- 
hol. Anschutz's c., a crystalline substance: 
called also salicylid-chloroform: gentle heat lib- 
erates a vapor of pure chloroform from it. col- 
loidal c. See desalgin, methyl c., an anes- 
thetic. CH3CCI3: said to be safer than ordinary 
chloroform. Pictet's c., chloroform purified 
by congelation at a very low temperature. 
chloroformin (klo-ro-for'min). A poison (like 
etherin, benzenin, and xylenin) extractable by 
chloroform from tubercle bacilli: called also 
chloroformobacillin. 
chloroformism (klo'ro-form-izm). 1. The habitual 
use of chloroform for its narcotic effect. 2. The 
anesthetic effect of the vapor of chloroform. 
chlorogenin (klo-ro-jen'in). Same as alstonin. 
chloroglobin (klo-ro-glo'bin) [Gr. xXwpos green + 
L. gio'bus globe]. A protein substance in the 
form of green, oily globules, derived from plant 
leaves by the action of resorcinol. 
chloroiodolipol (klo"ro-i"o-dol'ip-ol). A disin- 
fectant and antiseptic mixture of creosote and 
chlorinated phenol. 
chlorol (klo'rol). A solution of common salt, 
hydrochloric acid, and mercuric bichlorid, each, 1 
part, in a 3 per cent, copper sulphate solution 
in water, 100 parts. 
chloroleukemia (klo"ro-lu-ke'me-ah). Chloro- 
matous leukemia. See chloroma. 
chlorolin (klo'ro-lin). An antiseptic and disinfec- 
tant solution of the chlorphenols. 
chlorolymphosarcoma (klo"ro-lim"fo-sar-ko'- 
mah). A form of chloroma attended by the pres- 
ence of lymphocytes in the blood. 
chloroma (klo-ro'mah) [Gr. yXwpos green 4- -upa. 
tumor]. A disease marked by the formation of 
greenish growths on the periosteum of the bones 
of the face and skull, and attended by a blood-pic- 
ture closely resembling leukemia. Called also chloro- 
sarcoma, chloroleukemia, and green cancer. 
chloromethylchloroformate (klo-ro-meth"il- 
klo-ro-for'mat). Palite, CICO2.CH2CI, a lethal war 
gas. 
chloromorphin (klo-ro-mor'fin). A morphin prod- 
uct. 
chloromyeloma (klo"ro-mi-el-o'mah). Chloroma 
attended with growths in the bone-marrow. 
chloropercha (klo-ro-per'chah). A solution of 
gutta-percha in chloroform. It forms an insoluble, 
transparent, and non-conducting varnish, and is 
used as a filling for fine root-canals. 
chlorophane (klo'ro-fan) [Gr. xXupbs green + 
ipalvecv to show], A greenish-yellow chromo- 
phane or pigment obtainable from the retina. 
chlorophenol (klo-ro-fe'nol). See chlorphenol. 
chlorophenylmethylketone (klo"ro-fen-il-meth- 
il-ke'ton). See chloro-acetophenone. 
chlorophyl (klo'ro-fil) [Gr. xXupos green + <pvWov 
leaf]. The green coloring-matter of plants. 
chloropia, chloropsia (klo-ro'pe-ah, klo-rop'se- 
ah) [Gr. xXwpos green + ofas vision]. A visual 
defect in which all objects appear green. 
chloropicrin (klo-ro-pik'rin). Trichloronitrome- 
thane, CCI3NO2. A war gas that causes lacrima- 
tion and vomiting. 
chloroplastid (klo-ro-plas'tid) [Gr. x^wpos green 
+ irXavrbs form]. Any one of the chlorophyl 
bodies of plants and animal cells. 
chloropsia (klo-rop'se-ah). See chloropia. 
chloroquinone (klo-ro-kwin'on). Any one of a 
series of compounds formed by the action of 
chlorin on quinone. 
chlorosalol, chlorsalol (klo"ro-sal'ol, klor-sal'ol). 
Chlorphenol salicylate, CeH4(OH)CO.OC«H4Cl, an 
antiseptic: used mainly in external applications. 
See parachlorosalol. 
chlorosan (klo'ro-san). An extract of chlorophyl. 
chlorosarcolymphadeny (klo"ro-sar"ko-lim- 
fad'en-e). Same as chlorolymphosarcoma. 
chlorosarcoma (klo"ro-sar-ko'mah). Chloroma. 
chlorosin (klo-ro'sin). An antiseptic chlorin and 
albumin compound: used in catarrh and cancer 
of the stomach. 
chlorosis (klo-ro'sis) [Gr. xXupbs green]. Green- 
sickness; a peculiar anemia mostly affecting girls 
about the age of puberty: so called from the 
greenish pallor of the skin. It is marked by 
perverted appetite, digestive impairment, debility, 
dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and nervous disturb- 
ance. Egyptian c., ankylostomiasis, c. gi- 
gan'tea, congenital chlorosis with obesity 
(Schonlein). c. ru'bra, chlorosis in which the 
skin reddens after exertion. 
chlorotic (klo-rot'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with chlorosis. 
chlorous (klo'rus). Containing chlorin in a larger 
proportion than the chloric compounds. 
chlorovinyldichloroarsin (klo"ro-vin"il-di-klo"- 
ro-ar'sin). CHCl.CH.AsCh. A vesicating and 
lethal war gas. 
chlor oxy 1 (klo-rok'sil). A proprietary name for 
cinchophen hydrochlorid, C6H5.C9H5.N.CO2H.- 
HC1, a yellow crystalline powder used like atophan. 
chloroxylonin (klo-roks il'o-nin). An alkaloid, 
C22H23NO7, from East Indian satinwood, Chlor- 
ox'ylon swiete'nia. It is a local irritant. 
Chlorozone (klo'ro-zon) [chlorin + ozone]. A 
yellow, disinfectant liquid obtained by the action 
of nascent chlorin upon a solution of caustic soda. 
Chlorphenol (klor-fe'nol). A substance, CnH4Cl.- 
OH, prepared by the action of chlorin on phenol: CHLORPICRIN 
245 
CHOLECYSTIC 
antiseptic and antituberculotic: used by inhala- 
tion and as a local application. 
chlorpicrin (klor-pik'rin). Chloropicrin. 
chlorsalol (klor-sal'ol). Salol with its hydrogen 
replaced by chlorin. See chlorosalol. 
chlor sulphonic acid (klo"ro-sul-fon'ik). See 
under acid. • 
chlorum (klo'rum). Latin for chlorin. 
chloruremia (klo-ru-re'me-ah) [chlorid 4- Gr. ovpov 
urine]. Presence of urinary chlorids in the blood; 
chloridemia. 
chloruria (klo-ru're-ah) [chlorid 4- Gr. ovpov urine]. 
Presence of chlorids in the urine. 
chloryl (klo'ril). A mixture of ethyl and methyl 
chlorids: used as a local and general anesthetic. 
Ch. M. Abbreviation for Chirurgice Magister, Mas- 
ter of Surgery. 
C6H,NH2. Anilin. 
CH3NO2. Carbamic acid. 
C3H5(NO3)3. Nitroglycerin 
C5H,N4O3. Uric acid. 
C5HuNO2. Amyl nitrite. 
CsH.NO. Acetanilid. 
C9H<jNO3. Hippuric acid. 
CaH2(NO2)3OH. Picric acid 
CH2O. Formaldehyd. 
CH2O2. Formic acid. 
CH,O. Methyl alcohol. 
C2H2O4. Oxalic acid. 
C2HtO2. Acetic acid. 
C3HO. Acetone. 
C3H,;O3. Lactic acid. 
C3HsO3. Glycerol. 
C4H6O2. Crotonic acid. 
C4HSO5. Malic acid. 
C4HSOS. Tartaric acid. 
C4HSO2. Isobutyric acid. 
C4H9O2. Butyric acid. 
C4H10O. Sulphuric ether. 
c5H10o2. Valerianic acid 
C,H12O. Amyl alcohol. 
C6H6O. Carbolic acid. 
C6H8O7. Citric acid. 
C8H(0O3. Starch. 
C8Hl2O8. Grape-sugar. 
C7H4O7. Meconic acid. 
C7H,;O2. Benzoic acid. 
C7H6O3. Salicylic acid. 
C7HaO3. Gallic acid. 
C12H22On. Cane-sugar. 
Cl4H,0Og. Tannic acid. 
C15H1qO4. Chrysophanic acid 
CisH34O2. Oleic acid. 
CwH36O2. Stearic acid. 
choana (ko'a-nah), pl. choa'nce [L.; Gr. xoavr) fun- 
nel]. Any funnel-shaped cavity or infundibulum, 
c. cer'ebri, the infundibulum of the cerebrum, 
c. naTium, the posterior nares. 
choanal (ko'an-al). Pertaining to a choana. 
choanoid (ko'an-oid) [Gr. xo^V funnel 4" e*8os 
form]. Funnel-shaped. 
choc en dome (shok an dom) [Fr.]. The dome-like, 
heaving impulse of the heart in aortic insufficiency. 
choc en retour (shok an ret-oor') [Fr. " return- 
shock "]. i. The impulse of the descending 
fetus against the finger in ballottement. 2. The 
alleged infection of a pregnant woman with syphilis 
derived through the fetus. 
chocolate (chok'o-lat) [L. chocola'ta, from Mexi- 
can chocolatl\. A dried paste prepared from 
the kernels of the cacao, Theobro'ma caca'o, with 
sugar and flavoring substances. With hot water 
or hot milk it forms a nutritious table beverage: 
it is extensively used in confectionery. 
C2H5.OH. Ethyl alcohol. 
C6H5OH. Carbolic acid. 
C6H4.OH.COOH. Salicylic acid. 
choke, cerebral (chok). An obstruction of the 
esophagus with a foreign body in animals, oph- 
thalmovascular c., interference with the blood- 
supply of the retina due to pressure of the retinal 
vessels against one another, thoracic C., ob- 
struction of the thoracic part of the esophagus with 
a foreign body. 
choked disk (chokt). See under disk. 
choking (cho'king). Mechanic obstruction of the 
glottis, larynx, or trachea. 
cholsemia (ko-le'me-ah). See cholemia. 
cholagogue (ko'la-gog) [Gr. bile + ayeiv to 
lead], i. Causing increased evacuation of bile. 
2. A medicine which increases the flow of bile. 
The most important cholagogues are aloes, calo- 
mel, colocynth, jalap, rhubarb, podophyllum, 
and sodium phosphate. 
cholalic acid (ko-lal'ik). See acid. 
cholangeitis (ko-lan-ji'tis)[Gr. x°^h bile + hyyeiov 
vessel]. Inflammation of the bile-ducts. 
cholangiogastrostomy (ko-lan"je-o-gas-tros'to- 
me) [Gr. x°Xv bile 4- ayyeiov vessel 4- yaorrip 
stomach + aropa mouth]. Operative formation of 
an anastomosis between one of the bile ducts and 
the stomach. 
cholangiostomy (ko"lan-je-os'to-me) [Gr. x°^V 
bile + ayyeiov vessel 4* aropa mouth]. The 
formation of a fistula into the gall-bladder. 
cholangiotomy (ko"lan-je-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
bile + ayyeiov vessel + rop-t) a cutting]. The in- 
cision of an intrahepatic bile-duct for the removal 
of gall-stones. 
cholangitis (ko-Ian-ji'tis). See cholangeitis. 
cholate (ko'lat). A salt or ester of cholic acid. 
cholauxanol (kol-oks'an-ol). A proprietary mix- 
ture of non-alcoholic fluidextract of taraxacum, 
rheum, cheledonium, etc., for gall-stones and di- 
gestive disorders. 
cholecyanin (ko-le-si'an-in). Bilicyanin. 
cholecyst (ko'le-sist) [Gr. x°^V bile 4- Kbcms cyst]. 
The gall-bladder. 
cholecystalgia (ko"le-sis-tal'je-ah) [cholecyst + 
Gr. aXyos pain]. Biliary colic. 
cholecystectasia (ko"le-sis-tek-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. x0^ 
bile 4- kvotls cyst + eKraacs distention]. Dis- 
tention or stretching of the gall-bladder. 
cholecystectomy (ko"le-sis-tek'to-me) [cholecyst 
4- Gr. eKTopi) excision]. Surgical removal of the 
gall-bladder. 
cholecystendysis (ko"le-sis-ten'dis-is) [cholecyst 4- 
Gr. evbvais entrance]. The operation of excising 
a gall-stone from the gall-bladder, followed by 
suturing the opening in the gall-bladder and 
anchoring it to the abdominal incision, which 
is closed over it. 
cholecystentero-anastomosis (ko"le-sist-en"- 
ter-o-an-as-to-mo'sis). Same as cholecystenteros- 
tomy. 
cholecystenterorrhaphy (ko"le-sis-ten-ter-or/- 
af-e) [cholecyst 4- enterorrhaphy}. The opera- 
tion of suturing together the gall-bladder and 
the small intestine in cases of biliary fistula, etc. 
cholecystenterostomy (ko"le-sis-ten-ter-os' to- 
me) [Gr. xoXij bile 4~ Kooris cyst 4" evrepov bowel 
4- aropa mouth]. The making of an artificial 
opening from the gall-bladder to the intestine. 
cholecystgastrostomy (ko-le-sist-gas-tros'to-me). 
Cholecystogastrostomy. 
cholecystic (ko-le-sis'tik). Pertaining to the gall- 
bladder. CHOLECYSTITIS 
246 
CHOLERA 
cholecystitis (ko"le-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. xoXij bile + 
+ Kvans bladder 4- -ms inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the gall-bladder. 
cholecystocolostomy (ko-le-sis"to-ko-los'to-me) 
[cholecyst 4- colostomy], The surgical formation of 
a passage from gall-bladder to colon. 
cholecystocolotomy (ko-le-sis"to-ko-lot'o-me) 
[cholecyst + colotomy], Surgical incision of the 
gall-bladder and colon. 
cholecystoduodenostomy (ko-le-sis"to-du-o- 
den-os'to-me) [cholecyst + duodenostomy], Surgical 
formation of a communication between the gall- 
bladder and the duodenum. 
cholecystogastrostomy (ko-le-sis"to-gas-tros'to- 
me) [cholecyst 4- gastrostomy], The operation of 
forming a communication between the gall-blad- 
der and the stomach. 
cholecysto-ileostomy (ko-le-sis"to-il-e-os'to-me) 
[cholecyst + ileostomy]. The establishment of an 
opening between the gall-bladder and the ileum. 
cholecystojejunostomy (ko-le-sis"to-je-ju-nos'- 
to-me) [cholecyst + jejunostomy]. Surgical forma- 
tion of an artificial communication between the 
gall-bladder and the jejunum. 
cholecystolithiasis (ko-le-sis"to-lith-i'as-is) [cho- 
lecyst + lithiasis]. Presence of gall-stones in the 
gall-bladder. 
cholecystolithotripsy (ko-le-sis"to-lith'o-trip- 
se) [cholecyst + lithotripsy]. The crushing of gall- 
stones in the cholecyst. 
cholecystomy (ko-le-sis'to-me). Cholecystotomy. 
cholecystopexy (ko-le-sis'to-peks-e) [cholecyst 4* 
Gr. 7T%ts fixation]. The operation of suturing the 
gall-bladder to the abdominal wall. 
cholecystorrhaphy (ko"le-sis-tor'af-e) [cholecyst 
+ Gr. pairf suture]. The suturation of the gall- 
bladder. 
cholecystostomy (ko"le-sis-tos'to-me) [cholecyst 
+ Gr. v-ropa. mouth]. The surgical creation of a 
permanent opening into the gall-bladder through 
the abdominal wall. 
cholecystotomy (ko"le-sis-tot'o-me) [cholecyst 4- 
Gr. ropd) cut]. The surgical incision of the gall- 
bladder. 
choledochectomy (ko-led-o-kek'to-me) [choledo- 
chus + Gr. eKTopi) excision]. Excision of a por- 
tion of the common bile-duct. 
choledochendysis (ko"led-ok-en'dis-is) [choledo- 
chus + Gr. evbvais entrance]. Same as choledo- 
chotomy. 
choledochitis (ko-led-o-ki'tis). Inflammation of 
the common bile-duct, or ductus choledochus. 
cho le docho duodeno s tomy (ko-led"o-ko-du-o - 
den-os'to-me) [choledochus 4- duodenostomy]. The 
surgical formation of an opening between the bile- 
duct and the duodenum. 
choledocho-enterostomy (ko-led"o-ko-en-ter- 
os'to-me) [choledochus 4- enterostomy]. The surgical 
creation of a passage from the gall-duct to the in- 
testine. 
choledocholithiasis (ko-led"o-ko-lith-i'as-is) 
[choledochus 4- lithiasis]. The occurrence of cal-* 
culi in the biliary ducts. 
choledocholithotomy (ko-led"o-ko-lith-ot'o-me) 
[choledochus 4- lithotomy]. The operation of 
incising the common bile-duct for the removal 
of stone. 
choledocholithotripsy (ko-led"o-ko-lith'o-trip- 
se) [choledochus 4- lithotripsy]. The crushing of a 
gall-stone within the bile-duct. 
choledochoplasty (ko-le-do'ko-plas-te). The per- 
formance of a plastic operation on a bile-duct, as 
for biliary fistula. 
choledochostomy (ko"led-o-kos'to-me) [choledo- 
chus 4- Gr. orb pa mouth]. The surgical forma- 
tion of an opening into the bile-duct. 
choledochotomy (ko"led-o-kot'o-me) [choledo- 
chus 4- Gr. repveiv to cut]. Surgical incision for 
suturation of the gall-duct. 
choledochus (ko-led'o-kus) [Gr. x<>M bile 4- 3«x«a- 
Qai to receive]. The ductus choledochus, or 
common bile-duct. 
choleglobin (ko-le-glo'bin). The supposed ante- 
cedent of bile-pigment resulting from decompo- 
sition of blood-pigment. 
cholehematin (kp-le-hem'at-in). A red pigment 
found in the bile of herbivorous animals. It is de- 
rived from chlorophyl and is the same as phyllo- 
erythrin and bilipurpurin. 
cholehemia (ko-le-he'me-ah). Same as cholemia. 
choleic (ko-le'ik). Pertaining to or derived from 
the bile. 
choleic acid (ko-le'ik). See under acid. 
cholelith (ko'le-lith) [Gr. xoXq bile + XiOos stone]. 
A gall-stone, or biliary calculus. 
cholelithiasis (ko"le-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. x°^V bile + 
lithiasis], A diathesis favoring the formation 
of biliary calculi; the presence or formation of 
biliary concretions. 
cholelithic (ko-le-lith'ik). Pertaining to or caused 
by gall-stones. 
cholelithotomy (ko"le-lith-ot'o-me) [Gr. x°^ bile 
+ lithotomy]. Removal of gall-stones by means 
of an incision. 
cholelithotripsy (ko-le-Iith'o-trip-se). Same as 
cholelithotrity. 
cholelithotrity (ko"le-lith-ot'rit-e) [cholelith 4- 
Gr. rpi^eiv to crush]. The crushing of biliary 
calculi. 
cholelithurin (ko"le-lith-u'rin). A preparation 
of fresh bile employed in the treatment of chole- 
lithiasis. 
cholemia, cholaemia (ko-le'me-ah) [Gr. xo^n 
bile + ai/xa blood]. The presence of bile or bile- 
pigments in the blood. 
choleperitoneum (ko"le-per-it-o-ne'um) [Gr. xoX-f) 
bile + peritoneum]. The presence of bile in the 
peritoneum resulting from rupture of the bile 
passages: called also biliary peritonitis. 
cholepoetic, cholepoietic (ko-le-po-et'ik, -poi- 
et-ik) [Gr. x°M bile + tcolcIv to make]. Secreting 
bile. 
choleprasin (ko-le-pra'sin). One of the pigments of 
bile. 
cholepyrrhin (ko-le-pir'in) [Gr. x°M bile + 
icvppbs yellowish-red]. Same as biliphein. 
cholera (kol'er-ah) [Gr. x°X«pa> from x°M bile]. 
An acute infectious disease, chiefly epidemic, 
marked by copious watery alvine discharges, 
cramps, prostration, and suppression of the urine. 
The contagion of the disease is due to the Spiril'lum 
(Vibrio) chol'era asiat'icce, which is contained in 
the discharges from the bowels, and becomes dis- 
seminated by means of drinking-water. The dis- 
ease is very fatal, death resulting from convul- 
sions and exhaustion or from congestion of the 
lungs. Called also Asiatic c., Indian c., algid c., 
asphyctic c., epidemic c., malignant c., and pesti- 
lential c. automatic C., cholera characterized 
by movements which appear to be intentional, but 
which can be proved to be entirely independent of 
the patient's volition, bilious C., European 
c., a less dangerous cholera, characterized by vio- 
lent and painful vomiting and by copious bilious 
stools. Called also c. nostras, simple c., sporadic c., 
etc. chicken-c., a fatal epidemic disease of 
fowls, with inflammation of the lymphatic glands 
and digestive organs, caused by the Pasteur ell a 
aviseptica. English c., cholera morbus, epi- 
demic c., Asiatic cholera, fowl-c. See chicken- 
c. hog-c., an infectious communicable disease of 
swine occurring in epizootics and caused by a filter- 
able virus. It is marked by fever, loss of appetite, 
emaciation, ulceration of the intestines, diarrhea, 
and ecchymosis in the kidney and on the skin of 
the ventral surface of the body. Cf. swine-plague 
and salmonellosis. C. infan'tum, a common, and 
often fatal, non-contagious diarrhea of young chil- CHOLERAIC 
247 
CHONDRECTOMY 
dr'en prevailing in the summer months, malig- 
nant c., Asiatic cholera. C. morbus, acute 
gastro-enteritis, with diarrhea, cramps, and vomit- 
ing, occurring in summer or autumn, and usually 
caused by improper food. C. nos'tras. Same as 
c. morbus, c. nos'tras paratypho'sa. See 
gastro-enterititis paratyphosa. C.-red, a red pig- 
ment, obtainable from the cholera spirillum, 
c. of sheep, an epizootic and enzootic disease 
of sheep of Scotland occurring in August and Sep- 
tember and affecting lambs of that year. It is 
marked by swelling of the head in the parotid re- 
gion and sometimes by jaundice. Called also 
jaundice, yellows, headgrit, and plocach. c. sic'ca, 
cholera in which death takes place before diarrhea 
has occurred, spasmodic c., Asiatic cholera, 
sporadic c., a disease with symptoms like Asiatic 
cholera, produced by the Vibrio massowah. sum- 
mer c., cholera morbus, typhoid c., a malig- 
nant form of Asiatic cholera marked by extreme 
depression, water-borne C., cholera dissemi- 
nated by drinking-water, winter c. , a mild diar- 
rheal disease of unknown cause. 
choleraic (kol-er-a'ik). Of, pertaining to, or of 
the nature of, cholera. 
cholerase (kol'er-as). An enzyme developed by 
the spirillum of cholera and capable of destroy- 
ing it. 
choleriform (ko-ler'if-orm) [cholera 4- L. for'ma 
form]. Resembling cholera. 
cholerigenous (kol-er-ij'en-us). Causing cholera, 
cholerine (kol'er-in). 1. The earliest stage of 
epidemic cholera. 2. A comparatively mild form 
of sporadic cholera, sometimes closely, simulating 
Asiatic cholera, but not often of a fatal issue. 
cholerization (kol-er-iz-a'shun). Protective in- 
oculation with cholera. 
choleroid (kol'er-oid). Like cholera. 
Cholerol (kol'er-ol). A proprietary preparation 
said to be the same as enteronol. 
choleromania, cholerophobia (kol"er-o-ma'- 
ne-ah, kol"er-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. x°X«pu cholera 4- 
pavla madness or <pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of 
. cholera. 
cholerophobia (kol-er-o-fo'be-ah) [cholera 4- Gr. 
<p6^os fear]. An abnormal dread of cholera. 
cholerrhagia (kol-er-a'je-ah) [Gr. x°^V bile 4- 
payla flow]. A flow of bile. 
cholerythrin (kol-er'ith-rin) [Gr. x°^V bile 4- 
epvOpbs red]. Same as bilirubin. 
cholerythrogen (kol-er'ith-ro-jen). A substance 
which is split up into cholerythrin. 
cholesteatoma (ko"les-te-at-o'mah) [Gr. x°Xt7 
bile 4- ar cap fat]. 1. A fatty cystic tumor, 
of a crystalline structure, occurring mainly 
in the brain. 2. A tumor of the middle ear 
the mucous membrane of which assumes a 
skin-like character, becomes inflamed, and de- 
generates. 
cholesteatomatous (ko"les-te-at-o'mat-us). Re- 
lating to or of the nature of cholesteatoma. 
cholesterase (ko-les'ter-as). A ferment which 
splits up cholesterin. 
cholesteremia, cholesteraemia (ko-les-ter-e'- 
me-ah) [cholesterin 4- Gr. al pa blood]. Excess of 
cholesterin in the blood. 
cholesterin (ko-les'ter-in). Same as cholesterol. 
cholesterinemia (ko-les"ter-in-e'me-ah). Choles- 
teremia. 
cholesterinic acid (ko-les-ter-in'ik). See under 
acid. 
Cholesterinuria (ko-les"ter-in-u're-ah) [choles- 
terin 4- Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence of cho- 
lesterin in the urine. 
cholesterohydrothorax (ko-les"ter-o-hi-dro-tho'- 
rax). Hydrothorax, the fluid of which contains 
cholesterol crystals. 
Cholesterol (ko-les'ter-ol) [Gr. xoXr) bile 4- arepeos 
solid]. A fat-like, pearly substance, a monatomic 
alcohol, C27H45OH, crystallizing in the form of 
acicular crystals, and found in all animal fats and 
oils, in bile, blood, brain tissue, milk, yolk of egg, 
the medullated sheaths of nerve-fibers, the liver, 
kidneys, and suprarenal bodies. It constitutes a 
large part of the most frequently occurring type of 
gall-stones and occurs in atheroma of the arteries, 
in tuberculous cysts, and in carcinomatous tissue. 
It is said to have the power of neutralizing snake- 
venoms and of immunizing against them. 
cholesterolemia (ko-les"ter-ol-e'me-ah) [cholesterol 
+ Gr. aqua blood]. Same as cholesteremia. 
cholesteroluria (ko-les-ter-ol-u're-ah) [cholesterol 
+ Gr. ovpov urine]. Presence of cholesterol in the 
urine; cholesterinuria. 
Cholesterone (ko-les'ter-6n). A ketone produced by 
the oxidation of cholesterol. 
choletelin (ko-let'e-lin) [Gr. x°Xv bile 4- reXos 
end]. A yellow pigment, C16H1SN2O3, the final 
result of the oxidation of bilirubin; bilixanthin. 
choletherapy (ko-le-the/ap-e) [Gr. xoXh bile 4- 
therapy]. Treatment by the administration of 
bile. 
choleuria (ko-le-u're-ah) [Gr. x°^V bile + ovpov 
urine]. The presence of bile in the urine; cho- 
luria. 
choleverdin (ko-le-ver'din). Bilicyanin. 
cholic acid (ko'lik). See cholalic acid, under acid. 
cholin (ko'lin) [Gr. x°^V bile]. A ptomain, hydroxy* 
ethyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxid, HOfCl^N" 
(CHshOH, derivable from many animal and some 
vegetable tissues. It is somewhat poisonous. In 
a 5 per cent, solution it has proved serviceable in 
diphtheria. Called also amanitin, bilineurin, and 
sincalin. c. borate. See enzytol. 
cholochrome (kol'o-krbm) [Gr. xoXy bile 4- xp^pa 
color]. Any biliary pigment. 
cholocyanin (kol-o-si'an-in) [Gr. x°M bile 4- 
Kvavos blue]. Bilicyanin. 
chologen (kol'o-jen). A remedy for gall-stones, 
consisting of a preparation of mercury, podo- 
phyllin, melissa, camphor, and caraway. 
chologenetic (kol-o-jen-et'ik) [Gr. x0^ bile 4- 
yevvdv to produce]. Producing bile. 
chologestin (ko-lo-jes'tin). A proprietary intes- 
tinal antiseptic and hepatic stimulant. 
cholohematin, cholohaematin (kol-o-hem'at- 
in). Same as cholehematin. 
cholohemothorax (ko"lo-hem-o-tho'rax) [Gr. 
X0X17 bile 4" aqua blood Oaipaf chest]. Presence 
of bile and blood in the thorax. 
chololith (kol'o-lith) [Gr. x0^ bile 4- XlBos stone]. 
A biliary calculus or gall-stone. 
chololithiasis (kol"o-lith-i'as-is). Cholelithiasis, 
chololithic (kol-o-lith'ik). Pertaining to gall-stones, 
choloplania (kol-o-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. xoXt? bile 4- 
-irXlivr) wandering]. Bile in the blood and tissues; 
jaundice. 
cholorrhea (kol-o-re'ah) [Gr. X0X17 bile 4- poia 
flow]. Profuse secretion of bile. 
choloscopy (ko-los'ko-pe) [Gr. x°Xi? bile 4- aKoireiv 
to see]. Examination of the biliary system or 
testing of the biliary function. 
choluria (ko-lu're-ah) [Gr. xoXi? bile 4- ovpov urine]. 
The presence of bile in the urine; discoloration of 
the urine with bile. 
chondral (kon'dral). Pertaining to cartilage. 
chondralgia (kon-dral'je-ah) [Gr. ybvbpos cartilage 
4- aXyos pain]. Pain in the cartilages. 
chondralloplasia (kon-dral-o-pla'se-ah) [Gr. x°v- 
bpos cartilage 4- aXXos other 4- TrXdaaeiP to form]. 
Chondrodysplasia. 
chondrectomy (kon-drek'to-me) [Gr. xd^opos car- 
tilage 4- cktopt) excision]. Surgical removal of 
a cartilage. , CHONDRIC 
248 
CHONDROPOROSIS 
chondric (kon'drik) [Gr. xbvbpos cartilage]. Car- 
tilaginous; of or relating to cartilage. 
chondrification (kon"drif-ik-a'shun) [Gr. xbvbpos 
cartilage -[- L. fa'cere to make]. The formation 
of cartilage; transformation into cartilage. 
chondrigen (kon'drij-en). See chondrogen. 
chondriglucose (kon-dri-glu'kos) [Gr. xbvbpos 
cartilage + glucose]. A glucose prepared from 
cartilage by boiling in acidulated water. 
chondrin (kon'drin) [Gr. x°vbpos cartilage]. A 
protein, resembling gelatin, from cartilage (John 
Muller, 1837). It is considered to be a mixture of 
gelatin and mucin. 
chondr ioconte, chondriokonte (kon'dre-o- 
kont). A rod-shaped chondriosome. 
Chondriome (kon'dre-bm). Same as mitochondria. 
chondr iomite (kon'dre-o-mit). A thread-shaped 
chondriosome. 
chondriosome (kon'dre-o-sbm) [Gr. xbvbpos car- 
tilage + awpa body]. Any one of the structures 
occurring in the cytoplasm of cells in the form of 
minute granules, rods, and threads and regarded 
as important organs of the cell. They are also 
called mitochondria. 
chondritis (kon-dri' is) [Gr. x^Spos cartilage + 
-tris inflammation]. Inflammation of cartilage. 
chondro-adenoma (kon"dro-ad-en-o'mah). An 
adenoma containing cartilaginous elements. 
chondro-angioma (kon"dro-an-je-o'mah). A tu- 
mor containing the tissues of a chondroma and 
an angioma. 
chondroblast (kon'dro-blast) [Gr. xbvbpos cartilage 
+ fiXacrrbs germ]. An embryonic cell of the tissue 
whence cartilage is developed. 
chondroblastoma (kon"dro-blas-to'mah) [chon- 
droblast + Gr. -w^a tumor]. A tumor the cells of 
which tend to differentiate into cartilage cells. 
The term includes chondroma and chondrosar- 
coma. 
chondrocarcinoma (kon"dro-kar-sin-o'mah). A 
carcinoma containing cartilaginous elements in its 
stroma. 
chondroclast (kon'dro-klast) [Gr. xbvbpos cartilage 
+ KXaeiv to break]. Any giant-cell of the class 
concerned in the absorption of cartilage. 
chondroconia (kon-dro-ko'ne-ah) [Gr. xb^bpos 
cartilage 4- kovis dust]. Schridde's granules. See 
under granule. 
chondrocostal (kon-dro-kos'tal) [Gr. xbvbpos car- 
tilage + L. cos'ta rib]. Of or pertaining to the 
ribs and costal cartilages. 
chondrocranium (kon-dro-kra'ne-um) [Gr. xbv- 
bpos cartilage + kpavlov head]. The cartilaginous 
cranial structure of the embryo. 
chondrocyte (kon'dro-sit) [Gr. xbfbpos cartilage 4- 
kvtos cell]. A cartilage cell. 
Chondrodendron (kon-dro-den'dron). A genus of 
climbing menispermaceous shrubs. C. tomento'- 
sum affords pareira. 
chondrodynia (kon-dro-din'e-ah) [Gr. xbvbpos car- 
tilage + bbw-q pain]. Pain in a cartilage. 
chondrodysplasia (kon"dro-dis-pla'se-ah) [Gr. 
xbvbpos cartilage + bvs bad + icXavcreiv to 
form]. Abnormality of cartilage growth with the 
formation of cartilaginous growths in the skeletal 
system. 
chondrodystrophia (kon"dro-dis-tro'fe-ah) [Gr. 
xbvbpos cartilage + 6us- ill + rpotph nutrition], 
Kaufmann's term for fetal rickets, or achondro- 
plasia. See achondroplasia. 
Chondrodystrophy (kon-dro-dis'tro-fe). Chon- 
drodystrophia. hyperplastic c., chondrodys- 
trophy with excessive growth of the epiphyses, 
hypoplastic C., chondrodystrophy in which the 
bone is spongy and the epiphyses are irregularly 
developed. 
chondro-endothelioma (kon"dro-en-do-the-le-o'- 
mah). An endothelioma containing cartilaginous 
tissue. 
chondrofibroma (kon"dro-fi-bro'mah) [chondroma 
+ fibroma]. Chondroma with fibrous elements. 
chondroform (kon'dro-form). A preparation of 
chondrus with antiseptics, used as an antiseptic 
lubricant. 
chondrogen (kon'dro-jen) [Gr. xo^pos cartilage + 
ycvvav to produce]. A substance regarded as the 
basis of cartilage and of the corneal tissue: boiling 
turns it into chondrin. 
chondrogenesis (kon-dro-jen'es-is) [Gr. xbvbpos 
cartilage + yeveais development]. The formation 
of cartilage. 
chondroglossus (kon-dro-glos'us). See muscles, 
table of. 
chondroglucose (kon-dro-glu'kbs). A sugar 
formed by the action of hydrochloric acid on chon- 
drin. 
chondrography (kon-drog'raf-e) [Gr. ybvbpos car- 
tilage + yphipeiv to write]. A description or ac- 
count of the cartilages. 
chondroid (kon'droid) [Gr. x^^pos cartilage + 
form]. i. Resembling cartilage. 2. Same as 
amyloid. 
chondroitic (kon-dro-it'ik). Pertaining to, de- 
rived from, or resembling cartilate. C. acid. See 
under acid. 
chondroitin (kon-dro'it-in). A substance resem- 
bling gum arabic, C18H27NO14, formed, together 
with sulphuric acid, by the decomposition of chon- 
droitic acid. Upon hydrolysis it yields glucuronic 
acid and glucosamin. 
chondroituria (kon"dro-it-u're-ah). The presence 
of chondroitic acid in the urine. 
chondroline (kon'dro-lin). A proprietary anti- 
septic and lubricant preparation of chondrus. 
chondrolipoma (kon"dro-lip-o'mah). A tumor 
containing cartilaginous and fatty tissue. 
chondrology (kon-drol'o-je) [Gr. xbvbpos cartilage 
+ Xbyos discourse]. The sum of knowledge in 
regard to the cartilages. 
chondroma (kon-dro'mah) [Gr. x^Spos cartilage 
+ -wpa tumor], A cartilaginous tumor of slow 
growth, c. sarcomato'sum, chondrosarcoma. 
chondromalacia (kon"dro-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. 
xbvbpos cartilage + pa.Xa.ida softness]. Preter- 
natural softness of the cartilages, c. fceta'lis, a 
condition in which the limbs of the fetus are soft 
and pliable. 
chondromatous (kon-dro'mat-us). Pertaining to 
or of the nature of cartilage. 
chondromitome (kon-dro-mi'tbm) [Gr. xbvbpos 
cartilage + plros thread]. The paranucleus. 
chondromucin (kon-dro-mu'sin). A dense homo- 
geneous intercellular substance in cartilage, being a 
compound of a protein with chondroitic acid. 
chondromucoid (kon-dro-mu'coid). Chondromu- 
cin. 
chondromyoma (kon"dro-mi-o'mah). Myoma 
with cartilaginous elements. 
chondromyxoma (kon"dro-miks-o'mah). Myx- 
oma containing cartilaginous elements. 
chondromyxosarcoma (kon"dro-miks-o-sar-ko'- 
mah). A sarcoma containing cartilaginous and 
mucous tissues. 
chondro-osseous (kon"dro-os'e-us). Composed 
of cartilage and bone. 
chondropharyngeus (kon"dro-far-in'je-us). The 
middle constrictor muscle of the pharynx. See 
muscles, table of. 
chondrophyte (kon'dro-fit) [Gr. xb^bpos cartilage 
+ <pvrbv a growth]. A cartilaginous growth at 
the articular extremity of a bone. 
chondroplast (kon'dro-plast) [Gr. x^^pos cartilage 
+ irXaaaeiv to mold]. Same as chondroblast. 
chondroporosis (kon"dro-po-ro'sis) [Gr. x^^pos 
cartilage + irbpos a passage]. The formation of CHONDROPROTEIN 
249 
CHOREA 
spaces or sinuses in the cartilages: it occurs nor- 
mally during ossification. 
chondroprotein, chondroproteid (kon-dro- 
pro'te-in, -pro'te-id). One of a series of glucopro- 
teins, comprising lardacein and chondromucoid. 
They furnish chondroitic acid on decomposition. 
chondrosarcoma (kon"dro-sar-ko'mah) [chondro- 
ma + sarcoma]. Sarcoma with cartilaginous ele- 
ments; a cartilaginous tumor characterized by 
rapidity of growth. 
chondroseptum (kon-dro-sep'tum) [Gr. xo^Spos 
cartilage + septum]. The cartilaginous part of 
the nasal septum. 
chondrosin (kon'dro-sin). A gummy substance 
with reducing properties, C12H21NO11, formed by 
the hydrolysis of chondroitin. 
chondrosis (kon-dro'sis) [Gr. yopSpos cartilage]. 
The formation of cartilaginous tissue. 
chondroskeleton (kon"dro-skel'et-on). A carti- 
laginous skeleton. 
chondrosome (kon'dro-som) [Gr. xo^pos cartilage 
+ aupa body]. Same as mitochondria. 
chondrosternal (kon-dro-ster'nal). Pertaining to 
the costal cartilage and the sternum. 
chondrotome (kon'dro-tom). An instrument for 
cutting the cartilages. 
chondrotomy (kon-drot'o-me) [Gr. xo^pos carti- 
lage + repveiv to cut]. The dissection or surgical 
division of cartilage. 
chondroxiphoid (kon-dro-zi'foid) [Gr. x^bpos car- 
tilage + xiphoid]. Pertaining to the ensiform 
cartilage. 
Chondrus (kon'drus) [L.; Gr. xo^bpos gristle]. . 1 
A genus of seaweeds. 2. The U. S. P. name for 
Chon'drus Cris' pus and Gigarti'na mamillo'sa, 
algae known as carragheen, or Irish moss. It is 
demulcent and nutritive, and is used in chronic 
bronchial affections, and in diarrhea, dysentery, 
and renal disorders. 
Chopart's amputation, etc. (sho-parz') [Fran- 
cois Chopart, French surgeon, 1743-1795]. See 
amputation, etc. 
chord (kord). See cord. 
chorda (kor'dah), pl. chor'dce [Gr. xop&l cord]. 
Any cord or sinew, c. dorsa'lis, the notochord, 
c. obli'qua [BN A], the round ligament of the 
forearm, c. spermat'ica, the spermatic cord. 
C. spinalis, the myelon, or spinal cord. c. 
tendin'ese, the tendinous strings which connect 
the columnae carneae of the heart-ventricles with the 
auricular valves, c. tym'pani. See nerves, table 
of. c. umbilica'lis. See umbilical cord. c. 
voca'les, the vocal cords. See cord. c. willis'- 
ii, Willis' cords: small white bands which cross 
the lumen of the superior longitudinal sinus of the 
brain. 
chordal (kor'dal). Pertaining to any chorda 
(chiefly used of the notochord). 
chordate (kor'dat). An animal which possesses a 
notochord. 
chordee (kor-dee') [Fr. cordee corded]. Painful 
curved erection of the penis in gonorrhea. 
chorditis (kor-di'tis) [Gr. x°P^V cord]. Inflamma- 
tion of a vocal or spermatic cord. c. canto'rum, 
inflammation of the vocal cords in professional 
singers. C. fibrino'sa, acute laryngitis marked 
by the deposition of fibrin and the formation of 
erosions on the vocal cords, c. nodo'sa, c. tu- 
bero'sa, a disease marked by the formation of a 
small whitish nodule on one or both vocal cords. 
C. voca'lis, inflammation of the vocal cords, c. 
voca'lis infe'rior, chronic subglottic laryngitis. 
chordoblastoma (kor"do-blas-to'mah) [Gr. xopdy 
cord + pXaaros germ + -upa tumor]. A tumor 
the cells of which tend to differentiate into cells like 
those of the notochord. 
chordoid (kor'doid). Resembling the notochord of 
the embryo. 
chordoma (kor-do'mah) [Gr. xopb-q cord -f- -wpa. 
tumor], A form of chondroma of the body of 
a vertebra or of the sphenoid bone: apparently 
originating in persistent remains of the embryonic 
notochord. Called also ecchondrosis physalifor- 
mis. 
chordoskeleton (kor-do-skel'et-on) [chorda -f- 
skeleton]. That portion of the bony skeleton, 
which is formed around the notochord. 
chordotomy (kor-dot'o-me). Surgical division of 
the anterolateral columns of the spinal cord. 
chorea (ko-re'ah) [L.; Gr. %op«fa dance]. St. Vitus' 
dance: a convulsive nervous disease, with in- 
voluntary and irregular jerking movements; it is 
attended with irritability and depression, and 
with mental impairment. It occurs especially in 
early life, affecting girls more frequently than 
boys. It is often hereditary, and sometimes 
occurs in epidemics, automatic c., a disease 
characterized by the performance of actions 
which seem to be intentional, but which are 
really performed independently of the will in re- 
sponse to some impulse or external stimulus. 
Bergeron's c., a disease characterized by vio- 
lent rhythmic spasms, but running a benign 
course, buttonmakers' c., an occupation neu- 
rosis observed in buttonmakers, chronic C., 
a hereditary affection of adults marked by ir- 
regular movements, speech disturbances, and 
dementia; called also Huntington's c. c. cor'dis, 
chorea with great irregularity of the heart's action, 
dancing c., saltatory chorea, degenerative 
c. Same as chronic c. diaphragmatic c., 
the utterance of a peculiar cry in cases of pain- 
less tic. c. dimidia'ta, hemichorea, electric 
c., a variety with violent and sudden move- 
ments, progressing, as a rule, from bad to worse, 
and often characterized by atrophy and mus- 
cular paralysis. Called also Dubini's disease^ 
epidemic c., dancing mania. C. fes'tinans, c. 
procursi'va, old names for ataxia with festina- 
tion; paralysis agitans. fibrillary c., fibrillary 
contractions of various muscles; paramyoclonus, 
c. gravidarum, chorea with symptoms similar 
to those of the ordinary form, seen in pregnancy, 
habit c., tic. hemilateral c. See hemichorea. 
Henoch's c., spasmodic tic. hereditary c. See 
chronic c. Huntington's c. See chronic c. hys- 
teric c. Same as c. major, imitative c., a pseu- 
dochorea, or hysteric affection; a kind of habit- 
spasm due to imitation, c. insa'niens, chorea 
with symptoms of insanity: chiefly seen in preg- 
nant women, laryngeal c. Same as dia- 
phragmatic c. limp c., a condition in which 
chorea is associated with paralysis; called also 
c. mollis, c. ma'jor, hysteria with continuous 
and somewhat regular oscillatory movements, 
malleatory c., rhythmic chorea in which the pa- 
tient performs persistent movements of hammering, 
maniacal c., chorea insaniens. methodic c., a 
variety in which the movements take place at 
regular intervals: called also rhythmic c. mimetic 
c., that which is caused by imitation, c. mi'nor, 
the ordinary chorea with comparatively moderate 
convulsive movements (Sydenham, 1686). c. 
mol'lis. See limp c. Morvan's c., fibrillary 
contractions of the muscles of the calves and pos- 
terior part of the thighs, sometimes extending to 
the trunk, but never affecting the neck and face. 
C. noctur'na, chorea in which the movements 
continue during sleep, c. nu'tans, nodding 
spasm,. or chorea with nodding head movements, 
one-sided c. Same as hemichorea, paralytic 
c., local clonic spasm. associated with a paraly- 
sis. posthemiplegic c., a form which affects- 
partially paralyzed muscles after hemiplegia; 
athetosis, prehemiplegic c., choreic move- 
ments which may precede an attack of hemi- 
plegia. procursive c., paralysis agitans. 
rhythmic c., hysteric chorea in which the- 
patient performs persistent rhythmic move- 
ments. rotary c., hysteric chorea marked by CHOREAL 
250 
CHROMATIC 
rhythmic movements of the head or body, sal- 
tatory C., rhythmic chorea with dancing move- 
ments. school-made c., chorea from over- 
stimulation at school. Schrotter's c., dia- 
phragmatic chorea, c. scripto'rum, writer's 
cramp, senile c. 1. An affection resembling 
chorea, coming on in old age. 2. Paralysis 
agitans. Sydenham's c., ordinary chorea; 
chorea minor, tetanoid c., progressive lenticu- 
lar degeneration (Gowers, 1888). tic c. See tic. 
choreal, choreic (ko're-al, ko-re'ik). Pertaining 
to or of the nature of chorea. 
^choreatic (ko-re-at'ik). Pertaining to or caused by 
chorea. 
•choreiform (ko-re'if-orm) [chorea + L. for'ma 
form]. Resembling chorea. 
.choreo-athetoid (ko"re-o-ath'et-oid). Pertaining 
to or resembling chorea and athetosis. 
•choreo-athetosis (ko"re-o-ath-e-to'sis). A condi- 
tion marked by choreic and athetoid movements. 
•choreoid (ko're-oid). Resembling chorea. 
choreomania (ko"re-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. ^optta 
dance + iaavia madness]. Dancing mania, or 
epidemic chorea. 
chorial (ko're-al). Of or relating to the cho- 
rion. 
chorio-adenoma (ko"re-o-ad-en-o'mah). Adeno- 
matous tumor of the chorion. 
choriocapillaris (ko"re-o-kap-il-a'ris) [chorioid 
+ L. capilla'ris capillary]. The capillary or 
second layer of the choroid coat of the eye. 
choriocarcinoma (ko"re-o-kar-sin-o'mah). Car- 
cinoma developed from the chorionic epithelium. 
See syncytioma malignum. 
choriocele (ko're-o-sel) [chorion + Gr. ktjXt] her- 
nia]. Protrusion of the eye through an aperture 
in the choroid. 
chorio-epithelioma (ko"re-o-ep-e-the-le-o'mah). 
See syncytioma malignum. 
chorioid (ko're-oid). The more correct form of 
the word choroid. 
chorioido-. For words beginning thus, see those 
beginning choroido-. 
chorioma (ko-re-o'mah) [chorion + Gr. -wpa 
tumor]. A tumor developed from the chorionic* 
epithelium and including chorio-adenoma, chorio- 
epithelioma, choriosarcoma, and choriocarcinoma, 
c. malig'num. Same as syncytioma malignum. 
chorion (ko're-on) [Gr. x°p<-ou skin]. The more 
external of the two fetal membranes, formed by 
the outer portion of the allantois pushing in be- 
tween the amnion and vitelline membrane, and 
uniting with the latter to envelop the ovum. c. 
frondo'sum, the part of the chorion that is cov- 
ered with villi. C. Ise've, the smooth and mem- 
branous part of the chorion, primitive c., that 
stage of the zona pellucida during which it de- 
velops many small villi, shaggy c. Same as 
c. frondosum. 
chorionepithelioma (ko"re-on-ep-e-the-le-o'mah). 
See syncytioma malignum. 
chorionic (ko-re-on'ik). Pertaining to the chorion, 
chorionin (ko-re-on'in). A preparation from sheep's 
placenta: said to have galactagogue properties. 
chorionitis (ko"re-on-i'tis) [Gr. x°P^ov skin]. In- 
flammation of the corium of the skin, which be- 
comes hard and thick; scleroderma. 
Chorioptes (ko-re-op'tez). A genus of parasitic 
mites infesting the skin and hair of domestic 
animals and causing a sort of mange, as the foot 
scab of sheep. 
chorioretinal (ko"re-o-ret'in-al). Pertaining to 
the choroid and retina. 
chorioretinitis (ko"re-o-ret-in-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the choroid and retina. 
chorista (ko-ris'tah) [Gr. xa>plo'ro$ separated]. 
Defective development due to, or characterized by, 
displacement of the anlage. 
choristoblastoma (ko-ris"to-blas-to'mah) [Gr. 
Xupivros split + ^Xaaros germ + -upa tumor], 
Choristoma. 
choristoma (ko-ris-to'mah) [Gr. x^P'^ros sepa- 
rated + -upa tumor]. A new growth developed 
from a displaced anlage. 
choroid (ko'roid) [Gr. x°Pl0tL^ skin-like], i. 
Resembling the chorion or the corium. 2. The 
dark-brown, vascular coat of the eye, between 
the sclera and the retina, whose function it is to 
nourish the retina and lens. 
choroidal (ko-roi'dal). Pertaining to the choroid, 
choroidea (ko-roi'de-ah). Same as choroid (2d def.), 
choroideremia (ko"roi-der-e'me-ah) [choroid + 
eprjpia destitution]. Absence of the choroid. 
choroiditis (ko-roid-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
choroid, anterior c., that in which there are 
points of exudation at the periphery, areolar 
c., that which starts around or near the macula 
lutea and progresses toward the periphery, cen- 
tral C., a variety in which the exudation is in 
the region of the macula lutea. diffuse c., dis- 
seminated C., that which is characterized by 
spots scattered over the fundus, exudative c., 
that which is characterized by scattered patches 
of an exudate, c. gutta'ta seni'lis. See Tay's 
c. metastatic c., a form due to metastasis in 
pyemia, meningitis, etc. c. myop'ica, choroiditis 
due to eye-strain from defective vision, c. sero'sa. 
Same as glaucoma, suppurative c., that which 
leads to the formation of pus. Tay's c., degener- 
ation of the choroid, marked by irregular yellow 
spots around the macula lutea, and believed to be 
due to an atheromatous state of the arteries. It is 
seen in advanced life, and is called also choroid- 
itis guttata senilis. 
choroidocyclitis (ko-roi"do-sik-li'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the choroid and ciliary processes. 
choroido-iritis (ko-roi"do-i-ri'tis). Inflammation 
of the choroid coat and the iris. 
choroidoretinitis (ko-roi"do-ret-in-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the choroid and retina. 
chorology (ko-rol'o-je) [Gr. x&pos place + Xbyos 
treatise]. The science of the laws of distribution 
of organisms over the earth. 
choromania (ko-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. xopbs dance + 
par la madness]. The dancing mama. 
chortosterol (kor-tos'ter-ol). The sterol of grass. 
Christison's formula (kris'tis-onz) [Sir Robert 
Christison, Scotch physician, 1797-1882]. See 
formula. 
christopathy (kris-top'ath-e). The so-called Chris- 
tian Science. 
chroatol (kro'a-tol) [Gr. xp6a skin + L. o'leum 
oil]. Terpene iodohydrate, Ci0Hl8.2HI, a green, 
oily preparation formed by the action of iodin on 
turpentine: used externally in skin diseases. 
chromaesthesia. See chromesthesia. 
chromaffin (kro-maf'in) [Gr. ^pwpa color + L. 
affinis having affinity for]. Taking up and staining 
strongly with chrome salts: said of certain cells 
occurring in the adrenal, coccygeal, and carotid 
glands, along the sympathetic nerves, and in various 
organs. Tissue composed of such cells is called c. 
tissue. Small capsulated masses of such tissue are 
known as c. bodies, or paraganglia. The whole 
system of such tissue throughout the body is 
termed c. system. 
chromaffinopathy (kro"maf-in-op'ath-e) [chro- 
maffin + Gr. Trades disease]. Any disease of the 
chromaffin system. 
chromaphil (kro'maf-il) [chrome + Gr. cpcXeiv to 
love]. Same as chromaffin. 
chromate (kro'mat). Any salt of chromic acid. 
chromatelopsia (kro"mat-el-op'se-ah) [Gr. xP^pa 
color + &reXi)s imperfect + ofrs sight]. Imper- 
fect perception of colors. 
chromatic (kro-mat'ik). 1. Pertaining to color; 
stainable with dyes. 2. Pertaining to chromatin. CHROMATIN 
251 
CHROMOCYTOMETER 
chromatin (kro'mat-in) [Gr. xP&Pa color]. The 
more stainable portion of the cell-nucleus, form- 
ing a network of nuclear fibrils within the achro- 
matin of a cell: called also chromoplasm, distrib- 
utedc ., extranuclear c., chromidia. c. dust. 
Minute red granules seen near the periphery of 
red blood-corpuscles stained by Giemsa's stain. 
They are probably minute particles of nuclear 
chromatin. 
chromatinic (kro-mat-in'ik). Of or pertaining to 
the chromatin. 
chromatinolysis (kro"mat-in-ol'is-is) [chromatin 
4- Gr. Xvats solution]. Chromatolysis. 
Chromatinorrhexis (kro"mat-in-o-reks'is) [chro- 
matin 4- rupture]. Splitting up of the chro- 
matin. 
chromatism (kro'mat-izm). Abnormal pigmenta- 
tion. 
chromatize (kro'mat-Iz). To charge with some 
chromium compound. 
chromatocinesis, chromatokinesis (kro"mat- 
o-sin-e'sis, -kin-e'sis) [chromatin 4* Gr. kIv-t)a is 
movement]. Movement of chromatin. 
chromatodermatosis (kro"mat-o-der-mat-o'sis) 
[Gr. xP^Pa color 4- dermatosis]. Any skin dis- 
ease with pigmentation. 
chromatodysopia (kro"mat-o-dis-o'pe-ah) [Gr. 
xpwpa color 4- Sus- ill 4- oxpis sight]. More or less 
complete color-blindness. 
chromatogenous (kro-mat-oj'en-us) [Gr. xP^pa 
color 4- yevvdv to produce]. Producing color or 
coloring-matter. 
chromatoid (kro'mat-oid). Staining deeply with 
dyes. 
chromatology (kro-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. xP^pa color 
4- Xoyos treatise]. The science of colors. 
chromatolysis (kro-mat-ol'is-is) [Gr. xP&Pa color 
4- Xuais loosening]. The solution and disinte- 
gration of the chromatin of cell-nuclei. 
chromatolysm (kro-mat'o-lism). Chromatolysis, 
chromato lytic (kro"mat-o-lit/ik). Pertaining to 
chromatolysis. 
chromatometer (kro-mat-om'et-er) [Gr. xp^pa. 
color 4- perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring color or color-perception. 
chromatopathy (kro-mat-op'ath-e) [Gr. vpwpa 
color 4- irdOos disease]. Any skin disease charac- 
terized by pigmentation. 
chromatophagus (kro-mat-of'a-gus) [Gr. xp«m« 
color 4- ipayeiv to devour]. Destroying pigments. 
chromatophil, chromatophile, chromato- 
philic (kro'mat-o-fil, kro"mat-o-fil'ik) [Gr. xP&Pa 
color 4- <piXeiv to love]. Staining easily. 
chromatophilia (kro"mat-o-fire-ah) [Gr. xp&pa- 
color 4- ipiXeiv to love]. The condition of being 
chromatophilic. 
chromatophilous (kro-mat-of'il-us). Chromato- 
phil. 
chromatophobia (kro"mat-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. xP«pa 
color 4- <p60os fear]. Aversion to certain colors. 
chromatophore (kro-mat'o-for) [Gr. xP^pa color 
4- tpepeiv to bear]. Any pigmentary cell or body, 
such as those of the cutis or deep layers of the 
epidermis. 
chromatophoroma (kro-mat"o-fo-ro'mah). A 
tumor made up of chromatophores. 
chromatoplasm (kro-mat'o-plazm). The colored 
portions of the protoplasm of a cell. 
chromatopseudopsis (kro"mat-o-su-dop'sis) [Gr. 
XP&pa color 4- pevdijs false + bxp is vision]. Ab- 
normal color perception. 
chromatopsia (kro-mat-op'se-ah) [Gr. xp^P°- color 
4- bp is vision], 1. Colored vision. 2. Partial or 
approximate color-blindness. 
chromatoptometer (kro"mat-op-tom'et-er) [Gr. 
XP&pa color 4- bicreiv to see 4- perpov measure]. 
A device used in measuring color perception. 
chromatoptometry (kro"mat-op-tom'et-re). The 
testing of the power of discriminating colors. 
chromatosis (kro-mat-o'sis). Pigmentation: espe- 
cially pigmentation of the skin. 
chromatoskiameter (kro"mat-o-ski-am'et-er). 
An instrument for measuring the color sense. 
chromatotaxis (kro-mat-o-taks'is) [chromatin 4- 
Gr. rd£is turning]. The attraction or influence of 
certain substances on the chromatin of a cell- 
nucleus, causing destruction of the chromatin, while 
the cell-body remains intact. 
chromaturia (kro-mat-u're-ah) [Gr. xpwjua color 
4- ovpov urine]. Abnormal coloration of the 
urine. 
chromesthesia (kro-mes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. xpaipa. 
color 4- sensation]. The association of 
imaginary sensations of color with actual sensa- 
tions of hearing, taste, or smell. See photism. 
chrome green, i. Chromium sesquioxid, Cr2O3. 
2. A mixture of chrome yellow and Prussian blue, 
chrome yellow. See lead chromate. 
chromhidrosis (krom-hid-ro'sis). Chromidrosis. 
chromic acid (kro'mik). See acid. 
chromicize (kro'mis-iz). To treat with a chromium 
compound. 
chromidia (kro-mid'e-ah). See chromidium. 
chromidial (kro-mid'e-al). Pertaining to or com- 
posed of chromidia. 
chromidiation (kro"mid-e-a'shun). Chromidiosis. 
chromidien (kro-mid'e-en) [Ger.]. That part of the 
extranuclear chromatin not concerned in the re- 
production of the cell. 
chromidiosis (kro-mid-e-o'sis). The outpouring 
of nuclear substance and chromatin from the 
nucleus into the cytoplasm of a cell. 
chromidium (kro-mid'e-um), pl. chromid'ia. Any 
one of the granules of extranuclear chromatin 
seen in the cytoplasm of a cell, and staining deeply 
with basic stains. 
chromidrosis (kro-mid-ro'sis) [Gr. xpw/xa color 4- 
I6pas sweat]. A condition in which the sweat is 
colored. 
chromiole (kro'me-61). One of the supposed 
minute granules of chromatin composing the chro- 
momeres. 
chromium (kro'me-um) [L.; Gr. color], A 
whitish, brittle metal: atomic weight, 52; specific 
gravity, 6.5; symbol, Cr; several of its salts are 
pigments. C. sulphate, Cr2(SC>4)3, a green, 
amorphous compound, soluble in water: used in 
various nervous diseases. Dose, 1-4 gr, (0.065- 
0.266 gm.), c. trioxid, chromic acid. See acid. 
Chromobacterium (kro"mo-bak-te're-um). A 
genus of aerobic bacteria which produce a violet 
pigment soluble in alcohol, but not in chloroform. 
chromoblast (kro'mo-blast) [Gr. xp&pa color 4- 
^Xaaros germ]. An embryonic cell which develops 
into a pigment-cell. 
chromocholoscopy (kro"mo-ko-los'ko-pe) [Gr. 
XP&pa color 4- x°^V bile 4* awn-div to see]. Test- 
ing the biliary function by a pigment excretion test 
(methylene-blue). 
chromocrater (kro-mo-kra'ter). A blood-corpuscle 
shaped like a crater. . 
chromocrinia (kro-mo-krin'e-ah) [Gr. xP^pa color 
4- Kplvei.v to separate]. The secretion or excretion 
of coloring-matter. 
chromocystoscopy (kro"mo-sis-tos'ko-pe). [Gr. 
xpwpa color 4- cystoscopy]. Cystoscopy after 
the administration of a coloring-matter that will 
stain the urine or bladder tissue. 
chromocyte (kro'mo-sit) [Gr. xp^pa. color + kvtos 
cell]. Any colored cell or pigmented corpuscle. 
chromocytometer (kro"mo-si-tom'et-er) [Gr. 
Xpwpa. color 4" kotos cell 4- perpov measure]. An 
instrument for measuring the amount of hemo- 
globin in the red corpuscles of the blood. CHROMOCYTOMETRY 
252 
CHRONICITY 
chromocytometry (kro"mo-si-tom'et-re). Meas- 
urement of the hemoglobin or counting of the red 
corpuscles of blood. 
Chromodermatosis (kro"mo-der-mat-o'sis). Chro- 
matodermatosis. 
chromodiagnosis (kro"mo-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. 
XP&pa. color 4* diagnosis], 1. Diagnosis by change 
of color. 2. Diagnosis of functional derangements 
by observing the rate at which coloring-matters, 
such as methylene-blue, are excreted. 3. Diag- 
nostic examination made through colored glass or 
sheets of colored gelatin. 
chromogen (kro'mo-jen). Any principle which 
may give origin to a coloring-matter. 
chromogenesis (kro-mo-jen'es-is) [Gr. xp&pa 
color 4- genesis], The formation of pigments or 
colors, as by bacterial action. 
chromogenic (kro-mo-jen'ik). Producing a pig- 
ment or coloring-matter. 
chromo-isomerism (kro"mo-i-som'er-izm) [Gr. 
XP&pa. color 4- isomerism]. Isomerism in which 
the isomers have different colors. 
chromolume (kro'mo-lum) [Gr. xp&po, color 4- L. 
lu'men light]. An apparatus for producing colored 
light-rays for therapeutic purposes. 
chromo lysis (kro-mol'is-is). Same as chromatol- 
ysis. 
chromomere (kro'mo-mer) [Gr. xpwjua color 4- 
pepos part]. Any one of the granules of a chro- 
mosome. Same as id. 
chromometer (kro-mom'et-er) [Gr. xpwpa color 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for determining 
the proportion of coloring-matter in a substance. 
chromoparic, chromoparous (kro-mo-par'ik, 
kro-mop'ar-us) [Gr. xP&Pa color 4- L. par'ere to 
produce]. Producing or giving birth to color: said 
of chromogenic bacteria which secrete a coloring- 
matter, but which themselves remain colorless. 
Cf. chromophoric and parachromophoric. 
chromophag, chromophage (kro'mo-faj) [Gr. 
XP&pa color 4- <pa7eip to eat]. Same as pig- 
mentophage. 
chromophane (kro'mo-fan) [Gr. xp&pa color 4- 
<palvecv to show]. Any retinal pigment. 
chromophil, chromophile (kro'mo-fil) [Gr. 
xpwpa color 4- <piXeir to love]. Any easily stain- 
able cell, structure, or tissue: used also adjectively. 
chromophilic, chromophilous (kro-mo-fil'ik, 
kro-mof'il-us) [see chromophil}. Readily or easily 
stained: used especially of certain leukocytes and 
other histologic elements. 
chromophobe, chromophobic (kro'mo-fob. kro- 
mo-fo'bik) [Gr. xP&pa color 4- <pb^os fear]. Stain- 
ing very poorly or not at all: said of cells. 
chromophore (kro'mo-for). Any chemic group 
whose presence gives a decided color to a compound 
and which unites with certain other groups (auxo- 
chromes) to form dyes. 
chromophoric (kro-mo-for'ik) [Gr. xp^pa color 4- 
<pepetv to bear]. Bearing color: said of chromo- 
genic bacteria when the pigment is a component 
of the bacterial cell itself. Cf. parachromophoric. 
chromophorous (kro-mof'o-rus). Chromophoric. 
chromophose (kro'mo-foz) [Gr. xP&Pa color -|- 
phose], A subjective sensation of color. 
chromophytosis (kro"mo-fi-to'sis) [Gr. xP&pa 
color + <pvrbv plant]. Skin discoloration due to 
a vegetable parasite. 
chromoplasm (kro'mo-plazm) [Gr. xP&pa color 4- 
TrXdtrpa something formed]. The easily staining 
network of a cell-nucleus. 
chromoplast (kro'mo-plast). Same as chromo- 
plastid. 
chromoplastid (kro-mo-plas'tid) [Gr. xpuipa color 
4- plastid]. Any protoplasmic pigment-granule. 
chromoprotein (kro-mo-pro'te-in) [Gr. xP&Pa 
color 4- protein]. A colored conjugated protein. 
Examples are: the red hemoglobin of the higher 
animals, the blue hemocyanin of many lower 
animals, and the red and blue pigments of sea- 
weeds. Chromoproteins have respiratory functions 
and are closely related to the green chlorophyll of 
the higher plants. 
chromopsia (kro-mop'se-ah). Same as chroma- 
topsia. 
chromop tome ter (kro-mop-tom'et-er) [Gr. xp&P<l 
color + birreiv to see -J- perpov measure]. A de- 
vice for estimating the acuteness of the power of 
discriminating colors. 
chromoradiometer (kro"mo-ra-de-om'et-er) [Gr. 
XP&pa color + L. ra'dius ray + Gr. pirpov meas- 
ure]. An apparatus for measuring x-ray dosage by 
means of the color changes produced in slides 
placed next the skin. Holzknecht's c., an 
apparatus for measuring x-ray dosage, consisting 
of a capsule which contains a substance color-sen- 
sitive to the x-ray. This capsule is placed near 
the part treated by the rays, and its color is then 
compared with a color scale whose colors are num- 
bered from 3 to 24. These numbers are known as 
Holzknecht's units. 
chromorhinorrhea (kro"mo-rin-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
Xpupa. color + pls nose + polo. a flow]. The dis- 
charge of a pigmented secretion from the nos- 
trils. 
chromoscope (kro'mo-skop) [Gr. xP&Pa color 4- 
aKOTreiv to see]. An instrument for testing color 
perception. 
chromoscopy (kro-mos'ko-pe) [Gr. ypwpa color 4- 
ffKoireip to examine]. Diagnosis of renal function 
by the color of the urine following the administra- 
tion of dyes. 
chromosomal (kro-mo-so'mal). Pertaining to 
chromosomes. 
chromosome (kro'mo-som) [Gr. xP&pa color 4- 
aupa body]. One of the small bodies into which 
the chromatin of a cell-nucleus divides at the time 
of the mitotic division of the cell (Waldeyer, 1888). 
The chromosomes of the cells of a given species of 
animal are constant in number, accessory c., 
an unpaired chromosome which passes entire into 
one of,the daughter-cells instead of being divided 
between the two; such a chromosome is thought to 
carry sexual characters; called also mono some, 
heterochromosome, x-chromosome, allosome, and sex 
chromosome, bivalent c., a pair of chromosomes 
temporarily united, heterotypical C. See 
allosome. x-C. See accessory c. y-C., an ac- 
cessory chromosome sometimes occurring along 
with the x-chromosome in male cells, and supposed 
to represent the male determining factor in fer- 
tilization. 
chromosot (kro'mo-sot). A disinfectant contain- 
ing sodium sulphite and other active ingredients. 
chromotherapy (kro-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. xp^o- 
color 4* 0epa7Tcla treatment]. Treatment of dis- 
ease by variously colored lights. 
chromotoxic (kro-mo-toks'ik) [Gr. XP&P& color 4- 
rb%ov poison]. Destructive to hemoglobin or due 
to the destruction of hemoglobin. 
chromo-ureteroscopy(kro"mo-u-re-ter-os'ko-pe). 
Ureteroscopy after the administration of a coloring- 
matter that will stain the ureter tissue. 
chronaxia (kron-ak'se-ah) [Gr. xpovos time 4- 
&£ia value]. The duration of passage of a con- 
stant current of abrupt start and attaining double 
the threshold of voltage (L. Lapicque, 1909). 
chronaximeter (kron-ak-sim'et-er). An instru- 
ment for measuring chronaxia in nerve lesions. 
chrondriosome (kron'dre-o-som). A minute body 
found in numbers in the cytoplasm of the cells of 
embryonic tissues. It has been suggested that they 
may be concerned in heredity. 
chronic (kron'ik) [L. chron'icus, from Gr. xp^pos 
time]. Long-continued; not acute. 
chronicity (kro-nis'it-e). The quality of being 
chronic. CHRONOGRAPH 
253 
CIB. 
chronograph (kron'o-graf) [Gr. xpovos time + 
ypatpetv to write]. An instrument for recording 
small intervals of time. 
chronophotograph (kron-o-fo'to-graf) [Gr. xpbvos 
time + photograph]. One of a series of photographs 
of a moving object taken for the purpose of show- 
ing successive phases of the motion. 
chronoscope (kron'o-skop) [Gr. xpbvos time 4- 
aKoireiv to view]. An instrument for measuring 
minute intervals of time. 
chronosphygmograph (kron-o-sfig'mo-graf). Ja- 
quet's instrument for reading the rhythm as well 
as the character of the pulse. 
chronotropic (kron-o-trop'ik) [Gr. xpbvos time + 
rpitirei.v to turn]. Affecting the time or rate, es- 
pecially the rate of contraction: said of nerve- 
fibers that affect the rate of cardiac contraction. 
chronotropism (kro-not'ro-pizm). Interference 
with the regularity of the heart's action. 
chrotoplast (kro'to-plast) [Gr. XP^ skin + 
TrXdtraeiv to form]. A dermal cell; a skin cell. 
chrysalis (kris'al-is) [L.]. The second, or cater- 
pillar, stage in the development of an insect. 
chrysarobin (kris-ah-ro'bin) [L. chrysarobi'num, 
from Gr. xpwos gold + araroba], A neutral prin- 
ciple, C30H26O7, from the wood of a Brazilian tree, 
Andi'r a ar ar o'ba. It is used in skin diseases, 
locally and internally, acting in the latter case as 
an irritant and purgative. Dose, fa gr- (0.001- 
0.0054 gm.). The ointment, unguen'tum chrysaro'- 
bini, is of 10 per cent, strength. 
Chrysippus (kri-sip'us), of Cnidos, a Greek phy- 
sician who lived in the fourth century b. c. 
chrysocreatinin (kris"o-kre-at'in-in) [Gr. xpwos 
gold 4- creatinin]. A yellow, crystalline leuko- 
main, C5HsN4O, from muscle tissue. 
chrysoform (kris'o-form). A fine yellowish powder, 
dibromodiiodohexamethylene tetramin, resembling 
iodoform. 
chrysoidin (kris-oi'din). A reddish, crystalline 
disinfectant powder, diamino-azobenzol hydro- 
chlorid, CeHs.N^.CcHsfNFLhHCl: used in 
washes and gargles. It also coagulates the vibrio 
of cholera, and is used as a test for the latter. 
Chrysomyia (kris-o-mi'e-ah). A genus of flies of 
the family Muscidse. C. bezzia'na, a species 
widely distributed in Asia and a frequent parasite 
of man and animals. C. macella'ria, a fly, 
bluish-green in color, which deposits its eggs during 
the warmest hours of the day on wounds or in body 
cavities, from which the larvae, known as screw- 
worms, hatch and burrow into the skin. 
chrysophanic acid (kris-o-fan'ik). See acid. 
Chrysops (kris'ops). A genus of tropical tabanid 
flies. C. cecu'tiens inflicts bites about the eyes on 
men and animals. C. dimidia'tus, or mango-fly, is 
believed to be the intermediate host of Filaria loa. 
C. disca'lis is the deer fly which probably is one 
of the transmitters of tularemia. 
chrysotoxin (kris-o-toks'in) [Gr. xpwbs gold 4- 
to^lkov poison]. A yellowish principle obtainable 
from ergot: it forms sphacelotoxin by union with 
ergochrysin; it is a central paralyzant. Dose, 
gr. (0.011-0.03 gm.) daily. 
C3HsSH. Ethyl mercaptan. 
chthonophagia (thon-o-fa'je-ah) [Gr. x^wv earth 
+ ipa/yeiv to eat]. The morbid habit of eating 
clay or other earth; geophagy. 
chthonophagy (thon-of'aj-e). Chthonophagia. 
Chvostek's sign or symptom (vos'teks) [Franz 
Chvostek, Austrian surgeon, 1835-1884]. See sign. 
chylangioma (ki"lan-je-o'mah) [chyle 4~ angi- 
oma]. A tumor made up of intestinal lymph- 
vessels distended with chyle. 
chylaqueous (ki-la'kwe-us) [Gr. x^Xos chyle 4- L. 
a'qua water]. Both chylous and watery. 
chyle (kil) [Gr. x^bbs juice]. The milky fluid taken 
up by the lacteals from the food in the intestine 
after digestion. It consists of lymph and emulsi- 
fied fat. It passes into the veins by the thoracic 
duct, becoming mixed with the blood. 
chylemia (ki-le'me-ah) [Gr. %uX6s chyle + al/xa 
blood]. The presence of chyle in the blood. 
chylidrosis (ki-lid-ro'sis) [Gr. xuX6s chyle + Ibpus 
sweat]. Chylous perspiration. 
chylifacient (ki-lif-a'shent). Forming chyle. 
chylifaction (ki-lif-ak'shun) [L. chy'lus chyle 4- 
fa'cere to make]. The formation of chyle. 
chylifactive (ki-lif-ak'tiv) [chyle + L. fa'cere to 
make]. Forming or making chyle. 
chyliferous (ki-lifer-us) [L. chy'lus chyle 4- fe/re 
to bear], i. Forming chyle. 2. Conveying the chyle. 
chylification (ki"lif-ik-a'shun) [L. chy'lus chyle + 
fa'cere to make]. The formation of chyle. 
chyliform (ki'lif-orm). Resembling chyle. 
chylocele (ki'lo-sel) [Gr. xuXos chyle + k^Xt; tumor], 
A chylous effusion into the tunica vaginalis of the 
testis, parasitic C., lymph-scrotum as an ex- 
pression of filariasis. 
chylocyst (ki'lo-sist) [Gr. xv\bs chyle 4- kvctis 
bag]. The receptaculum chyli. 
chyloderma (ki-lo-der'mah) [Gr. x^Xos chyle + 
beppa skin]. Lymph-scrotum. 
chyloid (ki'loid). Resembling chyle. 
chylology (ki-lol'o-je). The study of chyle. 
chylomicron (ki-lo-mi'kron). A minute fat par- 
ticle. 
chylopericarditis (ki"lo-per-e-kar-di'tis). The 
presence of chyle in the pericardial sac. 
chylopericardium (ki"lo-per-e-kar'de-um) [chyle 
4- pericardium]. The presence of chyle in the peri- 
cardium. 
chyloperitoneum (ki"lo-per-it-o-ne'um). The 
presence of effused chyle in the peritoneal cavity. 
chylophoric (ki-lo-for'ik) [Gr. xuXos chyle + <pbpos 
bearing]. Conveying the chyle. 
chylopleura (ki-lo-plu'rah). The presence of chyle 
within the pleura. 
chylopoiesis (ki"lo-poi-e'sis) [Gr. xuXos chyle + 
irolTqais formation]. Chylification. 
chylopoietic (ki"lo-poi-et'ik). Concerned in the 
formation of chyle. 
chylorrhea (ki-lor-e'ah). 1. Chylous diarrhea, due 
to rupture of lymphatics in the small intestine. 
2. An excessive flow of bile. 
chylosis (ki-lo'sis). The process of conversion of 
food into chyle and of absorption of the latter into 
the tissues. 
chylothorax (ki-lo-tho'raks) [Gr. xv\os chyle 4- 
6upa^ chest]. The effusion of chyle into the 
thoracic cavity. 
chylous (ki'lus). Pertaining to, mingled with, or 
of the nature of, chyle. 
chyluria (ki-lu're-ah) [Gr. xvXos chyle 4- ovpov 
urine]. The existence or presence of fat in the 
urine, giving it a milky appearance. One form is 
due to the presence of a nematode parasite, the 
Fila'ria san'guinis hom'inis. 
chymase (ki'mas). A ferment of the gastric juice 
the action of which is to accelerate the action of 
the pancreatic juice. 
Chyme (kirn) [Gr. xvpos juice]. The thick, grayish, 
liquid mass into which the food is converted by 
gastric digestion. 
chymiflcation (kim"if-ik-a'shun) [L. chy'mus 
chyme + fa'cere to make]. The formation of 
chyme; gastric digestion. 
chymosin (ki-mo'sin). Same as rennin. 
chymosinogen (ki-mo-sin'o-jen). See renninogen. 
C. I. An abbreviation for color index. 
Ciaccio's method (tshah'tshoz) [Carmelo Ciaccio, 
Italian pathologist]. See under method. 
Cib. Abbreviation for L. ci'bus, food. CIBISOTOME 
254 
CINCHONISM 
cib iso tome (sib-is'o-tom) [Gr. kL^lols pouch + toah? 
cut]. An instrument for opening the capsule of 
the lens in removing cataract. 
cibophobia (si-bo-fo'be-ah) [L. ci'bum food + Gr. 
<p6@os fear]. Abnormal loathing of food. 
Cibotium (sib-o'te-um). A genus of tree-ferns of 
East India. One species furnishes soft hairs which 
are used as a styptic. 
cicatricial (sik-at-rish'al). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of a cicatrix. 
cicatricin (sik-at'ris-in). A preparation of thiosin- 
amin and phenazone for the treatment of cicatricial 
tissue. 
cicatricotomy (sik"at-tri-kot'o-me) [cicatrix + Gr. 
tow cut]. Incision of a cicatrix. 
cicatrix (sik-a'triks or sik'at-riks), pl. cica'trices [L. 
" scar "]. A scar; the mark left by a sore or 
wound, filtering c., a cicatrix following glauco- 
ma operation through which the aqueous humor 
escapes, hypertrophic c., a hard, rigid tumor 
formed by hypertrophy of the tissue of a cica- 
trix. manometric c., a cicatrix of the drum 
membrane of the ear that moves in and out with 
variations of the intratympanic pressure, vicious 
C., a cicatrix which causes deformity or impairs 
the function of a part. 
cicatrizant (sik-at'riz-ant). 1. Causing or pro- 
moting cicatrization. 2. An agent which pro- 
motes cicatrization. 
cicatrization (sik"at-riz-a'shun). A healing 
process which leaves a scar or cicatrix. 
cicatrize (sik'at-riz). To heal or skin over so as 
to leave a scar. 
cicraticine (sik-rat'is-in). An aqueous solution of 
thiosinamin and antipyrin: used hypodermically. 
Cicuta (si-ku'tah) [L.]. A genus of poisonous 
umbelliferous plants. C. macula'ta and C. bul- 
bif'era, plants of North America, also C. viro'sa, 
water-hemlock, of the Old World, have the 
properties of conium, but are not used in official 
medicine. 
cicutin (sik'u-tin). A liquid alkaloid, C8H15O, 
from Cicu'ta viro'sa: medicinally active. 
cicutism (sik'u-tizm). Poisoning with Cicu'ta 
viro'sa. 
cicutoxin (sik-u-toks'in). A poisonous active prin- 
ciple, C12H22O5, from Cicu'ta viro'sa. 
cignolin (sig'no-lin). Dioxyanthranol, a yellow 
crystalline powder: used in skin diseases like chrys- 
arobin. 
ciguatera (sig-wah-ta'rah). A disease of Central 
and South America, thought to be caused by eating 
poisoned fish. 
Cilia (sil'e-ah) [L. pl. of cifiwm]. 1. The eyelashes. 
2. Minute lash-like processes. 
ciliariscope (sil-e-ar'is-kop) [ciliary + Gr. oKoireiv 
to view]. An instrument for examining the ciliary 
region of the eye. 
ciliarotomy (sil-e-ar-ot'o-me). Surgical division 
of the ciliary zone for glaucoma. 
ciliary (sil'e-a-re) [L. cilia'ris, from cil'ium]. Per- 
taining to or resembling the eyelashes. 
Ciliata (sil-e-a'tah). A class of infusoria character- 
ized by the presence of cilia. 
ciliated (sil'e-a-ted). Provided with cilia or with 
a fringe of hairs. 
ciliectomy (sil-e-ek'to-me) [cilia + Gr. cktow ex- 
cision]. Excision of a portion of the ciliary margin 
of the eyelid with the roots of the lashes. 
cilioretinal (sil"e-o-ret'in-al). Pertaining to the 
retina and the ciliary body. 
cilioscleral (sil"e-o-skle'ral). Pertaining to the 
ciliary apparatus and to the sclera. 
Ciliospinal (sil"e-o-spi'nal). Pertaining to the 
ciliary body and the spinal cord. 
ciliotomy (sil-e-ot'o-me). Surgical division of the 
ciliary nerves. 
cilium (sil'e-um) [L.; pl. cilia], i. An eyelid or 
its outer edge. 2. An eyelash. 3. A minute 
vibratile, hair-like process attached to a free 
cell-surface. 
cillo, cillosis (sil'o, sil-o'sis) [L.]. A spasmodic 
quivering of the eyelid. 
cimatoxyl (sim-at-oks'il). A proprietary atoxyl 
preparation: used hypodermically in syphilis and 
tuberculosis. 
cimbia (sim'be-ah) [L.]. A white band running 
across the ventral surface of the crus cerebri. 
Cimex (si'meks), pl. cimi'ces [L. " bug A genus 
of insects. C. lectula'rius, the bedbug: used 
homeopathically. C. pipistrel'la, a species 
which transmits a trypanosome disease of bats. 
C. rotunda'tus, a tropical species of bedbug 
which acts as the host of Leishmania donovani, the 
parasite of kala-azar, and by its bite transmits that 
disease to man. 
Cimicifuga (sim-is-if'u-gah) [L. ci'mex bug + fu- 
ga're to put to flight]. A genus of ranuncu- 
laceous plants. C. racemo'sa, black snakeroot, 
or cohosh, a plant whose rootlets are tonic and 
antispasmodic: used in rheumatism, chorea, 
amenorrhea, and uterine congestion. Dose of 
tincture, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.); of fluidextract, 
3-30 min. (0.19-2 c.c.). 
cimicifugin (sim-is-if'u-jin). A resinous con- 
centration from cimicifuga: antispasmodic, nar- 
cotic, diaphoretic. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.19 gm.). 
cina (si'nah) [L.]. The plant, Artemis'ia santon'ica, 
and its seed; European wormseed: anthelmin- 
tic; also its homeopathic preparations. Dose of 
fluidextract, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). 
cinsesthesia (sin-es-the'ze-ah). Kinesthesia. 
cinanaesthesia (sin-an-es-the'ze-ah). See kin- 
anesthesia. 
cinchamidin (sin-kam'id-in). An alkaloid, C19- 
H24N2O, from cinchona. 
Cinchona (sin-ko'nah) [named from a countess, 
of Chinchon]. 1. A genus of rubiaceous trees, all 
natives of South America. 2. The bark of any 
of the numerous officially recognized species of the 
genus. Of the many alkaloids of these barks, 
quinin, quinidin, cinchonin, and cinchonidin are 
the most important. The bark has the same tonic, 
antiseptic, and febrifugal properties as the alkaloid 
quinin (q. v.). Dose of tincture and compound 
tincture, $-1 dr. (2-4 c.c.); of fluidextract, 10-60 
min. (0.666-4 c.c.); of extract, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 
gm.); of decoction, 2 fl.oz. (60 c.c.); of infusion, 
2 fl.oz. (60 c.c.). 
cinchonamin (sin-kon-am'in). One of the cin- 
chona alkaloids, C19H24N2O, from cuprea bark, 
Remi'jia purdiea'na: a powerful toxic agent and 
an antipyretic. Dose, 4-9 gr. (0.26-0.6 gm.). 
cinchonate (sin'ko-nat). A salt of cinchonic 
acid; a quinate. 
cinchonicin (sin-kon'is-in). An amorphous cin- 
chona alkaloid, C19H22N2O. 
cinchonidin (sin-kon'id-in). A cinchona alkaloid, 
C19H22N2O. Its hydrobromate, sulphate, and 
salicylate are used like quinin. Dose of the 
latter for chronic rheumatism, 15-20 gr. (1- 
1.29 gm.) in a day. c. salicylate, a compound, 
Ci9H22N2OC7H8O3, used as an antiperiodic and in 
chronic rheumatism. Dose, 15-20 gr. (1-1.3 gm.). 
C. sulphate, an official salt of cinchonidin. 
Dose, 3-30 gr. (0.19-1.95 gm.). 
cinchonin (sin'ko-nin) [L. cinchoni'na]. A white, 
crystalline alkaloid, C19H22N2O, with a bitter 
taste, from cinchona bark. It is used like 
quinin and in the same dose. c. iodosulphate, 
a reddish-brown powder: used as a substitute 
for iodoform: called also antiseptol. c. sul- 
phate, a white, crystalline salt, (C19H22N2O)2.H2- 
SO4 + 2H2O, with properties like quinin sulphate. 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
cinchonism (sin'ko-nizm). The morbid or inju- 
rious effect of the injudicious use of cinchona CINCHONIZE 
255 
CIRCUIT 
bark or its alkaloids. It is attended by head- 
ache, tinnitus aurium, deafness, and symptoms 
of cerebral congestion. 
cinchonize (sin'ko-niz). To bring under the in- 
fluence of cinchona or of any of its alkaloids. 
cinchonology (sin-ko-nol'o-je) [cinchona + Gr. 
Xbyos discourse]. The sum of what is known 
regarding the botany and culture of cinchona 
and of its alkaloids and their effects. 
cinchophen (sin'ko-fen). Same as atophan. 
cinchotin (sin'ko-tin). An alkaloid, C19H24ON2, 
from cinchona. 
cinclisis (singTlis-is) [Gr. kivkXktis a wagging]. 
Rapid winking; also rapid breathing. 
cincture sensation (sink'tchur). See zonesthesia. 
cinematics (sin-e-mat'iks). See kinematics. 
cinematization (sin-e-mat-iz-a'shun). Kineplasty. 
cinematography (sin"e-mat-og'ra-fe). The taking 
of moving pictures: used for the registration of 
the mode of performance of surgical operations. 
cineol (sin'e-ol). See eucalyptol. 
cineplastics (sin-e-plas'tiks). Kineplasty. 
cineplasty (sin'e-plas-te). See kineplasty. 
Cineraria mariti'ma (sin-er-a're-ah). A plant 
growing in tropical America: its juice, instilled 
into the eye, is said to cure cataract. 
cinerea (sin-e're-ah) [L. cine'reus ashen-hued]. 
The gray matter of the nervous system. 
cinereal (sin-e're-al). Pertaining to the gray 
matter of the brain or nervous system. 
cineritious (sin-er-ish'us) [L. cineri'tius]. Ashen- 
gray; of the color of ashes. 
cinesalgia (sin-es-al'je-ah) [Gr. Klvqcris motion + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in a muscle when it is brought 
into action. 
cinesi-. See under kinesi-. 
cinetographic (sin-et-o-graf'ik). Kinetographic. 
cingulum (sin'gu-him), pl. cin'gula [L. "girdle"]. 
[B N A], 1. A bundle of association fibers which 
partly encircles the corpus callosum not far from 
the median plane. It begins ventral to the rostrum 
of the corpus callosum, curves around the genu and 
over the dorsal surface of that commissure to the 
splenium, and then bends ventrally to terminate 
near the temporal pole. It is closely related to the 
callosal gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus and is 
composed for the most part of short fibers which 
connect the various parts of these convolutions. 
2. The basal ridge of a tooth. 
Ciniselli's method (tshe-ne-sel'lez) [Luigi Cini- 
selli, Italian surgeon, 1803-1878]. See under 
method. 
cinnabar (sin'ab-ar) [L. cinnab'aris; Gr. kivvo.- 
0api\. Red mercuric sulphid, HgS; vermilion. 
cinnabarsana (sin-ab-ar-san'ah). A cancer 
remedy, said to contain 11.5 per cent, arsenic tri- 
oxid, 24.5 per cent, cinnabar, 24 per cent, powdered 
charcoal, and 40 per cent, water. 
cinnaldehydum (sin-al-de-hi'dum). The old U. S. 
P. name for cinnamic aldehyd. See under aldehyd. 
cinnamate (sin'am-at). A salt of cinnamic acid, 
cinnamein (sin-am-e'in). Benzyl cinnamate, an 
oily liquid, C9H7O2.C7H7, from the balsams of 
tolu and Peru. 
cinnamene (sin'am-en). A colorless, fragrant 
liquid, C5Hs, from storax; styrol. 
cinnamic acid (sin-am'ik). See acid. 
cinnamol (sin'am-ol). Highly rectified oil of 
cinnamon. 
Cinnamomum (sin-am-o'mum). A genus of laura- 
ceous trees. See cinnamon. 
cinnamon (sin'am-on) [L.; Gr. Kivapov]. The dried 
inner bark of various species of Cinnamo'mum: 
the varieties recognized in the U. S. P. are C. 
saigon'icum, Saigon cinnamon, and C. zeylan'icum, 
or Ceylon cinnamon. It is an agreeable aromatic 
and cordial, carminative, and astringent. Dose- 
in powder, 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 gm.); of cinnamon- 
water, 1-2 fl.oz. (32-64 c.c.); of tincture, %-2 
fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.); of oil, 1-5 min. (0.065-0.33 
c.c.). oil of C., a fragrant, volatile oil, of 
somewhat various physical qualities, derived 
from cinnamon bark. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.065- 
0.333 c.c.). 
cinnamyl-eugenol (sin"am-il-u'je-nol). An an- 
tiseptic eugenol derivative, C5H3(C3H5)(OCH3)- 
O-CO.C2H2.C6H5, in colorless needles; used 
like eugenol in lung diseases. Dose, 4^-9 gr. 
(0.3-0.6 gm.). 
cinology (sin-ol'o-je). Kinesology. 
cinometer (sin-om'et-er). Kinesimeter. 
cinoplasm (sin'o-plazm). Same as kinoplasm. 
cionectomy (si-o-nek'to-me) [Gr. k'mv uvula + 
eKropn excision]. Excision of the uvula or of a 
part of it. 
cionitis (si-o-ni'tis) [Gr. kLwv uvula + tris inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the uvula. 
cionoptosis (si"on-op-to'sis) [Gr. k'mv uvula 4- 
TTTwais a falling]. Undue elongation of the- 
uvula. 
cionotome (si-on'o-tom) [Gr. kmv uvula + repveiv 
to cut]. A cutting instrument for amputating 
the uvula. 
cionotomy (si-o-not'o-me) [Gr. k'mv uvula + rep- 
vetv to cut]. The surgical removal of a part of 
the uvula. 
ciose (si'os). A proprietary dry protein product of 
beef: used to add protein to the diet. 
circel'lus veno'sus hypoglos'si [L.]. A venous 
plexus which surrounds the hypoglossal nerve in. 
the anterior condyloid foramen. 
circinate (ser'sin-at). Having circular or ring- 
like lesions. 
circle (sePkl) [L. cir'cuius]. A ring or other part 
of the body which is round or circular, defensive 
C., the coexistence of two diseases which exert an 
antagonistic influence on each other, diffu- 
sion C., a confused image formed on the retina 
when the latter is not at the focus of the eye. C. of 
dispersion, c. of dissipation, the circular spaec 
on the retina within which the image of a luminous- 
point is formed, c. of Haller. 1. A circle of 
small arteries in the sclera,-surrounding the entrance 
of the optic nerve. 2. A circle of veins beneath the- 
areola of the nipple. 3. See circuius callosus halleri. 
Huguier ' s c., the circle formed about the junction 
of the cervix with the body of the uterus by the 
uterine arteries. Latham's c., a circle 2 inches 
in diameter covering the area of pericardial dulness- 
and situated midway between the left nipple 
and the lower end of the sternum. Pagen- 
stecher's C., the circle formed on the abdominal 
wall by joining the points marking the positions 
occupied by a movable abdominal tumor which 
has been moved over its entire range. The center 
of such a circle indicates the point of attachment 
of the tumor. Robinson's c., an arterial circle 
formed by anastomoses between the abdominal 
aorta, common iliac, hypogastric, uterine, and 
ovarian arteries, sensory c,, an area on the body 
within which it is impossible to distinguish two 
impressions, vascular c., the ring formed by 
the two inferior and two superior coronary arteries 
of the lips, vicious C., a sequence of events in 
which the cause and effect react on each other, 
producing a greater effect, as the coexistence of 
two diseases which exert an increasing effect on- 
each other, c. of Willis, the circular system 
formed by the internal carotid, the anterior and 
posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior com- 
municating arteries. 
circuit (ser'kit) [L. circu'itus]. The round or 
course traversed by an electric current. The- 
circuit is said to be closed when it is continuous,, 
so that the current may pass through it; it is open,, 
broken, or interrupted when it is not continu- CIRCULAR 
256 
CIRRHOSIS 
.Ous and the current cannot pass through it. 
Koch's c., a series of conditions which must be 
fulfilled by a bacterium before it is proved patho- 
genic. The organism must always be found with 
the disease; it must be capable of forming pure 
cultures outside the body; these cultures must 
be capable of reproducing the disease, and the 
microbes must again be found with the artificially 
produced morbid process, organic c. See 
reflex c. reflex c., a chain of neurons which func- 
tion in a reflex act. short c., a current de- 
veloped between two branches of another circuit 
at a point short of the terminals, so that the current 
does not reach the latter. 
circular (ser'ku-lar) [L. circula'ris\. Shaped like 
a circle; occurring in a circle. 
circulation (ser-ku-Ia'shun) [L. circula'tio\. Move- 
ment in a regular or circuitous course, as, the 
circulation of the blood, allantoic c., circu- 
lation in the fetus through the umbilical vessels, 
collateral c., that which is carried on through 
secondary channels after stoppage of the principal 
course, compensatory c. Same as collateral 
c. coronary c., the circulation within the 
muscular tissues of the heart, cross c., the 
circulation in a portion of the body of one animal 
of blood supplied from another animal, deriva- 
tive C., the passage of blood from arteries to veins 
without going through capillaries, fetal c., 
that which is carried on in the fetus, umbilical 
cord, and placenta, first c., primitive c., that 
which conveys nutriment and oxygen to the em- 
bryo. greater c. Same as systemic c. lesser 
C. See pulmonary c. lymph c., the passage 
of the lymph through lymph-vessels and glands, 
placental c. Same as fetal c. portal 
C., the passage of the venous blood from the 
gastro-intestinal tract and spleen through the 
liver and out by the hepatic vein, pulmon- 
ary C., the circulation of the blood through the 
lungs for the purpose of oxygenation: called also 
lesser c. sinusoidal c., the flow of blood 
through passages in the tissues which are lined 
only with endothelium and have not the structure 
of arteries, systemic C., the general circulation 
as distinguished from the pulmonary, vitelline 
C., the circulation through the blood-vessels 
ramifying upon the yolk. 
circulatory (ser'ku-la-to-re). Pertaining to the 
circulation. 
circulus (ser'ku-lus), pl. cir'culi [L. "a ring" or 
"circle"]. A circle or circuit, _ mostly arterial, 
sometimes venous, etc. c. arterio'sus, the circle 
of Willis, c. arterio'sus hal'leri [B N A], 
a circle of arteries in the sclera and around the 
entrance of the optic nerve: called also circulus 
zinnii. c. arterio'sus ir'idis, two arterial rings 
in the iris. The c. arterio'sus i'ridis ma'jor sur- 
rounds the circumference of the iris; the c. ar- 
terio'sus i'ridis mi'nor surrounds the pupil. C. 
arterio'sus willis'ii. See circle of Willis, c. 
artic'uli vasculo'sus, the vascular anasto- 
mosis which runs about a joint, c. callo'sus 
hal'leri, the ring of fibrocartilage to which the 
mitral and tricuspid valves of the heart are at- 
tached. c. tonsilla'ris, a plexus of branches 
of the glossopharyngeal nerve near the tonsil. 
C. umbilica'lis, an arterial plexus in the sub- 
peritoneal tissue surrounding the navel. C. 
vasculo'sus ner'vi op'tici [halle'ri]. Same 
as c. arteriosus halleri. c. veno'sus halle'ri, a 
circle of veins beneath the areola of the nipple, 
c. veno'sus ho'vii, a venous circuit in the 
ciliary region of the eye. c. veno'sus rid'leyi, 
a circle of veins around the sella turcica. C. 
willis'ii, the circle of Willis, c. zinn'ii. See 
c. arteriosus halleri. 
circumanal (ser-kum-a'nal). Surrounding the 
anus. 
•circumarticular (ser"kum-ar-tik'u-lar). Around 
a joint. 
circumaxillary (ser-kum-aks'il-a-re). Around the 
axilla. 
circumbulbar (ser-kum-bul'bar). Surrounding 
the eyeball. 
circumcallosal (ser-kum-kal-o'sal). Surrounding 
the corpus callosum. 
circumcision (ser-kum-sizh'un) [L. circumcis'io a 
cutting around]. The removal of all or a part 
of the prepuce, or foreskin. 
circumclusion (ser-kum-klu'shun) [L. circumclu'- 
dere to shut in]. The compression of an artery 
by a wire and pin. 
circumcorneal (ser-kum-kor'ne-al). Around the 
cornea. 
circumcrescent (ser-kum-kres'ent) [L. cir'cum 
around + cres'cere to grow]. Growing around and 
over. 
circumduction (ser-kum-duk'shun) [L. circumdu'- 
cere to draw around]. The active or passive 
circular movement of a limb or of the eye. 
circumferen'tia articula'ris [B N A]. An ar- 
ticular circumference. 
circumferential (ser"kum-fer-en'shal). Forming 
a circumference. 
circumflex (ser'kum-fleks) [L. circumflex'us bent 
about]. Curved like a bow. 
circumgemmal (ser-kum-jem'al) [L. cir'cum around 
+ gem'ma bud]. Surrounding a bud; a term ap- 
plied to that form of nerve-ending in which an 
end-bud is surrounded by fibrils. 
circuminsular (ser-kum-in'su-Iar) [L. cir'cum 
around + in'sula island]. Surrounding, situated, 
or occurring about the island of Reil. 
circumintestinal (ser"kum-in-tes'tin-al). Sur- 
rounding the intestine. 
circumlental (ser-kum-len'tal) [L. cir'cum around 
+ lens lens]. Situated or occurring around the 
lens. 
circumnuclear (ser-kum-nu'kle-ar) [L. cir'cum 
around + nu'cleus nucleus]. Surrounding or 
occurring near the nucleus. 
circumocular (ser-kum-ok'u-lar) [L. cir'cum around 
+ oc'ulus eye]. Surrounding or occurring around 
the eye. 
circumorbital (ser-kum-or'bit-al) [L. cir'cum 
around + or'bit a orbit]. Situated around or oc- 
curring near an orbit. 
circumpolarization (ser"kum-po-lar-iz-a'shun) [L. 
cir'cum around + polarization]. The rotation of 
a ray of polarized light to the right or left. 
circumrenal (ser-kum-re'nal) [L. cir'cum around + 
ren kidney]. Situated or occurring near a kidney, 
circumscribed (ser'kum-skrlbd) [L. cir'cum around 
+ scri'bere to write]. Bounded or limited; con- 
fined to a limited space. 
circumscriptus (ser-kum-skrip'tus). Circum- 
scribed. 
circumvallate (ser-kum-val'at) [L. cir'cum around 
+ valla're to wall]. Surrounded by a trench or 
by a ridge. See papilla. 
circumvascular (ser-kum-vas'ku-lar) [L. cir'cum 
around + vas'culum vessel]. Situated or occur- 
ring about the vessels. 
circumvolute (ser"kum-vo'lut) [L. cir'cum around 
+ volu'tus rolled]. Twisted about. 
circus movement. See under movement. 
cirrholysin (sir-ol'is-in). A compound of thio- 
sinamin and bismuth triodid, used for ankylosed 
joints, visceral adhesions, etc. Dose, gr. 
(0.0065 gm.). 
cirrhonosus (sir-on'o-sus) [Gr. Kippos tawny 4- 
voaos disease]. A fetal disease characterized by 
a golden-yellow appearance of the pleura and 
peritoneum. 
cirrhosis (sir-o'sis) [Gr. Kcppbs orange-yellow]. 
1. A disease of the liver, marked by thickehing CIRRHOTIC 
257 
CITRONELLAL 
of the elements of the stroma, which afterward 
contracts, producing atrophy and degeneration, 
and giving the organ a granular, yellow appear- 
ance, due to the coloring of the acini by bile- 
pigments. 2. Chronic interstitial inflammation 
of any organ, alcoholic c., that which is due 
to the habitual or excessive use of alcoholic drinks, 
atrophic c., a form characterized by shrinkage 
in size and shriveling. It is frequently seen in 
hard drinkers, bacterial c., a variety said to 
be of microbic origin, biliary c., that which is 
caused by chronic retention of bile from obstruc- 
tion of the bile-ducts (obstructive biliary c.) or 
chronic cholangitis (hypertrophic biliary c.). It is 
marked by jaundice, pain in the abdomen, and en- 
largement of the liver and spleen, biliary c. of 
children, a disease of children in India consisting 
of a fibrous connective-tissue growth within the 
lobules of the liver; called also infantile liver. 
Budd' SC., chronic hepatic enlargement caused by 
intestinal intoxication, calculus C., cirrhosis 
due to the presence of gall-stones, capsular c., 
cirrhosis due to lesions of Glisson's capsules, es- 
pecially chronic perihepatitis: called also Glis- 
son's c. and lymphatic c. cardiac c., chronic 
myocarditis with cirrhosis of the liver, cardio- 
tuberculous c. See Hutinel's disease, under 
disease. Charcot's c., hypertrophic cirrhosis of 
the liver, fatty C., a form in which the liver-cells 
become infiltrated with fat. Glisson's c. See 
capsular c. Hanot's c. ^hypertrophic cirrhosis, 
hypertrophic c., a variety in which the liver be- 
comes enlarged by overgrowth of the connective 
tissue, c. of kidney, granular kidney. Laen- 
nec's C. Same as atrophic c. C. of liver. See 
biliary c. malarial c., a form due to malaria, 
with lesions similar to those of alcoholic cir- 
rhosis. c. mam mae, chronic interstitial mastitis, 
multilobular c., atrophic cirrhosis, peripor- 
tal c. Same as atrophic c. pigmentary c., pig- 
mentation of the liver seen in bronze diabetes, 
portal c., a chronic degenerative and inflamma- 
tory disease of the liver marked by recurring de- 
generation and regeneration of the parenchyma of 
the liver and by fibrosis in and about the interlobar 
and portal spaces, leading eventually to obstruction 
of the portal circulation, stasis c., cirrhosis due 
to obstruction of the outflow of the hepatic vein. 
The'condition produced is called cyanotic indura- 
tion of the liver and cardiac liver, c. of stom- 
ach, sclerotic gastritis, syphilitic c., cirrhosis 
due to syphilis. Todd's C., hypertrophic cir- 
rhosis of the liver, toxic C., cirrhosis of the liver 
from chronic poisoning, unilobular C., hy- 
pertrophic cirrhosis, vascular c., cirrhosis fol- 
lowing upon obstruction of the hepatic vein, por- 
tal vein, or general hepatic circulation. 
cirrhotic (sir-ot'ik). Of the nature of or affected 
with cirrhosis. 
cirrus (sir'us). The sexual orifice of a segment of 
the tapeworm Tania solium. 
cirsectomy (ser-sek'to-me) [Gr. mpabs varix + 
eKropr] excision]. Excision of a portion of a vari- 
cose vein. 
cirsocele (se/so-sel) [Gr. Kipaos varix + kt)Xt) 
tumor]. The same as varicocele. 
cirsoid (ser'soid) [Gr. mpabs varix]. Resembling 
a varix. 
cirsomphalos (ser-som'fal-os) [Gr. Ktpabs varix + 
optpaXbs navel], A varicose state of the navel. 
cirsophthalmia (ser-sof-thal'me-ah) [Gr. Kipabs 
varix + 6<pdaXpos eye]. A varicose state of the 
conjunctival vessels. 
cirsotome (ser'so-tom) [Gr. Kipabs varix + repveiv 
to cut]. A cutting instrument for use in oper- 
ating on varicosities. 
cirsotomy (ser-sot'o-me) [Gr. Kipabs varix + rip- 
veiu to cut]. Extirpation of a varix by the knife. 
cismatan (sis'ma-tan). The seeds of Cas'sia ab'- 
sus: used in Egypt as a cure for ophthalmia. 
cissa, citta (sis'ah, sit'ah) [Gr. Klava, kItto,]. 
The longing of pregnant women. 
Cissampelos (sis-am'pel-os) [Gr. Kiaaos ivy + 
a/iTreXos vine]. A genus of menispermaceous 
climbing plants. C. capen'sis, of Africa, is emetic 
and purgative. C. pare'ira, of tropical America, 
is a spurious variety of pareira. 
cistern (sis'tern) [L. cister'na\. i. A lymph-space. 
2. Any reservoir or open space, c. of Pecquet, 
the receptaculum chyli. 
cisterna (sis-ter'nah) [L.]. Latin for cistern, c. 
basa'lis, a part of the subarachnoid space sit- 
uated on the basal surface of the brain and con- 
tinuous with the cisterna pontis and the cisterna 
magna. c. cerebromedulla'ris [B N A], one of 
the subarachnoid spaces, c. chiasmat'ica, c. 
chias'matis [BNA], a subarachnoid space be- 
tween the optic chiasm and the rostrum of the 
corpus callosum, c. chy'li [B N A]. Same as re- 
ceptaculum chyli. c. fos sae latera'lis cer'ebri 
[B N A], c. fos'sae syl'vii, the space between 
the arachnoid and the fossa of Sylvius. C. inter- 
crura'lis profun'da, the space between the 
cerebral peduncle and the arachnoid, c. inter- 
crura'lis superficia'lis, the space between the 
arachnoid, optic commissure, and pons. c. inter- 
peduncula'ris [B N A], a dilatation of the sub- 
arachnoid space in front of the pons varolii. C. 
mag'na, a space between the arachnoid and the 
transverse fissure of the cerebellum. C. peri- 
lymphat'ica, a space near the foot-plate of the 
stapes, c. pon'tis, a portion of the subarachnoid 
space close to the pons varolii. c. subarach- 
noida'les, the various subarachnoid spaces con- 
taining the cerebrospinal fluid, c. ve'nae mag'nas 
cer'ebri [B N A], cistern of the great vein of the 
cerebrum, an expansion of the subarachnoid space 
below and behind the trunk of the corpus callosum 
and above the quadrigeminal bodies. 
Cistus (sis'tus) [L.; Gr. kIvtos, idaOos]. A genus 
of cistaceous plants. C. cret'icus and C. ladan- 
if'erus afford ladanum. 
citarin (sit'ar-in). Sodium anhydromethylene cit- 
rate, CH2(CO)2.O.(CH2.COONa)2, a white, crys- 
talline powder, soluble in water. It is said to set 
free formaldehyd into the blood, and is used in 
gout. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
Citel'lus beech'eyi. The ground squirrel of the 
United States which acts as a reservoir for the 
plague. The disease is transmitted by the flea, 
Hoplopsyllus anomalus. 
citral (sit'ral) [L. cit'rus lemon tree]. An odorous 
aldehyd, C9H15COH, from oil of lemon and other 
essential oils. 
citramin (sit'ram-in). See helmitol. 
citrate (sit'rat). Any salt of citric acid. 
citrated (sit'ra-ted). Containing a citrate, espe- 
cially potassium citrate. 
citresia (sit-re'se-ah). A white, crystalline powder, 
magnesium acid citrate: laxative and purgative. 
Dose, 6 dr. to i| oz. (25-50 gm.). 
citric acid (sit'rik). See acid. 
citrine ointment (sit'ren). See ointment. 
citrocoll (sit'ro-kol). Phenocoll citrate: used as an 
antineuralgic. 
citrol (sit'rol). Citrate of itrol: a silver prepara- 
tion used in gonorrhea. 
Citromyces (sit-rom'is-ez) [citric acid + Gr. pvKrjs 
fungus]. A genus of fungi, species of which 
change sugar into citric acid. 
citron (sit'ron) [L. cit'ro]. The orange-like tree, 
Cit'rus med'ica, and its fruit. 
citronella (sit-ron-el'ah). A fragrant grass. C. 
oil, the fragrant volatile oil of Andropo'gon 
na/dus and other southern Asiatic grasses: 
antirheumatic. 
citronellal (sit-ro-nel'al). The aldehyd of citro- 
nellol. CITRONELLOL 
258 
CLAVELIZATION 
citronellol (sit-ro-nel'ol). An olefinic terpene al- 
cohol, C10H19OH, found in oil of rose and oil of 
geranium. 
citrophen (sit'ro-fen). Paraphenetidin citrate, 
C3H4(OH)(CO.NH.C6H4.OC2H5)3, a white, pow- 
dery or crystalline, sourish compound of para- 
phenetidin and citric acid: antipyretic and anti- 
neuralgic. Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.2-1 gm.). 
citrophosphate (sit-ro-fos'fat). A compound of 
a citrate and a phosphate. 
citrospirin (sit-ro-spi'rin). A proprietary anti- 
septic and antineuralgic. 
citrullin (sit-rul'in). A yellow purgative resin from 
colocynth. 
Citrullus (sit-rul'us). See colocynth. 
citrurea (sit-ru're-ah). An antilithic prepara- 
tion containing citric acid, urea, and lithium 
bromid. 
Citrus (sit'rus) [L.]. A genus of rutaceous trees: 
C. ac'ida, the lime; C. auran'tium, the orange; 
C. berga'mia, the bergamot; C. limo'num, the 
lemon; C. med'ica, the citron. 
civet (siv'et) [L. civet'la]. A substance with the 
general properties of musk, collected from Viver'- 
ra civet'ta and other viverrine mammals: used 
asa perfume and locally as a medicine. 
Civiale's operation (se-ve-alz') [Jean Civiale, 
French physician, 1792-1867]. See under opera- 
tion. 
Civinini's process or spine (tshe-ve-ne'nez) [Fi- 
lippo Civinini, Italian anatomist of the nineteenth 
century]. See under spine. 
Cl. The symbol for chlorin; also abbreviation for 
closure of an electric circuit. 
Clado's band, ligament, point (klah'doz). See 
band, ligament, point. 
Cladonia (kla-do'ne-ah) [Gr. «Xd3os branch], A 
genus of lichens. C. rangiferi'na, reindeer moss, 
was formerly used as a stomachic and pectoral: 
alcohol is distilled from it. 
Cladorchis watsoni (kla-dor'kis wat-so'ni). An 
amphistome parasite found in the small intestine 
of a negro in German West Africa. 
cladosporiosis (klad"o-spo-re-o'sis). Infection 
with Cladosporium. 
Cladosporium (klad-o-spo're-um). A genus of 
fungi. C. cancrog'enes. Same as canceromyces. 
C. madagascarien'se causes a condition marked by 
gummatous nodules. C. manso'ni causes tinea 
nigra. 
cladothricosis (klad-o-thrik-o'sis). Infection with 
cladothrix. 
Cladothrix (klad'o-thriks) [Gr. xXaSos branch + 
Opl% hair], A genus of Chlamydobacteriales. It 
is thread-like in form with false branching. C. 
asteroi'des, a species found in an old abscess of 
the brain: believed to cause a disease called pseudo- 
tuberculosis cladothricia. See Streptothrix far- 
cinica. C. dichot'oma, a species causing skin 
lesions in tanners, butchers, cooks, etc. C. foers'- 
teri, occurs in lacrimal concretions. C. ochra'- 
cea, a species occurring in water that contains 
ferrous carbonate, which it oxidizes to ferric hy- 
drate. 
clair-sentience (klar-sen'te-ens). The perception 
of that which is not perceptible to the natural 
senses. 
clam-bouillon (klam-boo-yaw'). A concentration 
of the juice of the quahaug, or round clam. 
Clamp (klamp). A surgical device for effecting 
compression. Gant's c., a right-angled clamp 
used in operating for piles. Gussenbauer's c., 
a bar of metal for joining the fragments in ununited 
fracture. Michel's c's, a metallic clip used for 
fastening together the edges of a wound, pedicle 
C. See clamp forceps, under forceps. 
clang (klang). The quality of a sound or of the 
voice, c.-deafness, inability to perceive the 
more delicate qualities of tone. 
clap (klap). Gonorrhea, c.-threads, slimy and 
stringy matter in gonorrheal urine. 
clapotage, clapotement (klap-o-tahzh', klah- 
pawt-maw') [Fr.]. A splashing sound heard on 
succussion. 
clarificant (klar-if'ik-ant). An agent which clears 
liquids of turbidity. 
clarification (klar-if-ik-a'shun) [L. cla'rus clear + 
fa'cere to make]. The clearing of a liquid from 
turbidity. 
clarify (klar'if-i) [L. clarifica're to render clear]. 
To clear of turbidity or of suspended matter. 
Clark's sign 1 Alonzo Clark, physician in New York, 
1807-1887]. See sign. 
Clarke's column, bundle, nucleus (klarks) 
[Joseph Lockhart Clarke, English physician, 1817- 
1880]. See column, bundle, nucleus. 
Clarke's tongue, ulcer (klarks) [Sir Charles 
Mansfield Clarke, English physician, 1782-1857]. 
See under tongue and ulcer. 
clasmatoblast (klas-mat'o-blast) [Gr. KXdapa 
piece + ^Xarbs germ]. A mast-cell. 
clasmatocyte (klaz-mat' o-sit) [Gr. KXda/xa piece 
broken off + kvtos cell], A large connective-tissue 
cell which shows a tendency to divide into pieces. 
clasmatocytosis (klaz-mat"o-si-to'sis). The di- 
vision of clasmatocytes. 
clasmatosis (klaz-mat-o'sis) [Gr. K\a.apa a piece 
broken off]. The breaking up into pieces, as in 
cell changes. 
clasp-knife rigidity. See rigidity. 
class (klas). 1. A group of plants or animals stand- 
ing above an order. 2. In statistics, a group of 
variables all of which show a particular value or a 
value falling between certain limits. The frequency 
of class is the number of variables which it contains. 
Class's coccus (klas'ez) [W. J. Class, Chicago 
physician, 1874-1906]. See coccus. 
clastic (klas'tik) [Gr. CXacrTos broken]. 1. Causing 
or undergoing a division into parts. 2. Separa- 
ble into parts. 
clastothrix (klas'to-thriks) [Gr. xXaaros broken + 
Opl^ hair]. Trichorrhexis nodosa. 
Clathrocystis (klath-ro-sis'tis) [Gr. xX^^pa lattice 
+ kwttls cyst]. A genus of schizomycetic micro- 
organisms: some are parasitic on fish. 
claudication (klaw-dik-a'shun) [L. claudica'tio]. 
Limping or lameness, intermittent c., lame- 
ness coming on spasmodically and due to im- 
pairment of the circulation in the lower limbs. 
Claudius' cell, fossa (klaw'de-us) [Friedrich 
Matthias Claudius, Austrian anatomist, 1822-1869]. 
See cell and fossa. 
claustral (klaws'tral). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of a claustrum. 
claustrophobia (klaws-tro-fo'be-ah) [L. clau'dere 
to shut + Gr. <p60os fear]. Morbid dread of 
being shut up in a confined space. 
claustrum (klaws'trum) [L. " a barrier "]. The 
thin layer of gray matter outside the external 
capsule of the brain, dividing it from the white 
matter of the insula. It is mainly composed of 
spindle-cells., 
clausura (klaw-su'rah) [L. "closure"]. Atresia. 
clava (kla'vah) [L. " stick "]. An enlargement of 
the funiculus gracilis in the oblongata, forming 
the lower lateral border of the posterior part of 
the fourth ventricle. 
claval (kla'val). Pertaining to the clava. 
clavate (kla'vat) [L. clava'tus]. Pertaining to the 
clava; club-shaped. 
clavelization (klav"el-iz-a'shun) [Fr. clavelee sheep- 
pox]. Ovination, or inoculation with the virus of 
sheep-pox. CLAVICEPS 
259 
CLINOID 
Claviceps (klav'is-eps) [L. da'va club + ca' put 
head], A genus of parasitic fungi which infest 
the seeds of various plants. C. purpu'rea is the 
essential element of the common ergot. 
clavicepsin (klav-is-ep'sin). Aglucosid, C18H34O18.- 
2H2O, from ergot. 
clavicle (klav'ik-1) [L. clavidula, dim. of cla'vis 
key]. The collar-bone; a bone curved like the 
letter f, which articulates with the sternum and 
the scapula. 
clavicotomy (klav-ik-ot'o-me) [clavicle + Gr. ropq 
a cutting]. The operation of cutting through 
the clavicle. 
clavicular (klav-ik'u-lar). Pertaining to the clav, 
icle. 
claviculus (klav-ik'u-lus), pl, clavic'uli [L. dim. of 
cla'vus nail]. Any one of Sharpey's fibers (a set of 
fibers which hold together the lamina* of a bone). 
clavin (kla'vin). A non-toxic active principle, Cu- 
H22N2O4, from ergot of rye: said to be useful hy- 
podermically to induce uterine contraction. 
clavipectoral (klav-ip-ek'to-ral) [L. cla'vis clavicle 
+ pectus breast]. Pertaining to the clavicle and 
thorax. 
clavus (kla'vus) [L. " nail "]. A corn, or horny 
tubercle of the skin. See corn. c. hyster'icus, 
a sensation as if a nail were being driven into the 
head. c. secali'nus, ergot of rye. c. syphilit'- 
icus, a flat, horny growth on the hand or the foot- 
believed to be due to syphilis. 
claw-foot (klaw-fut'). Atrophy and distortion 
of the foot. 
claw-hand (klaw-hand'). Flexion and atrophy 
of the hand and fingers. 
clear (kier). To remove cloudiness from micro- 
scopic specimens by the use of a clearing agent. 
clearer (kler'er). A clearing agent; an agent used 
in microscopy to remove the cloudiness from a 
specimen. 
cleavage (kle'vaj). See segmentation. 
cleavers (kle'verz). The Ga'lium apari'ne, a ru- 
biaceous herb: diuretic. Dose of juice, 5 fl.oz. 
(148 c.c.); of fluidextract, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
Cleft (kleft). A fissure; especially one occurring 
in the embryo, branchial c. See under visceral 
c. cholesterin c., a cleft in a section of tissue 
embedded in paraffin, due to the dissolving of 
cholesterin crystals, corneal c., a groove in the 
sclera into which the cornea is fitted, genital c., 
a depression _ of the external genital regions of 
the fetus which develops into the cloaca. Lar- 
rey's c., the sternocostal triangle. Maurer's 
c's. Same as Maurer's dots. See under dot. vis- 
ceral c's, the clefts between the visceral arches of 
the embryo. They are the hyoid or hyomandibular 
clefts, between the hyoid and mandibular arches; 
the hyobranchial or posthyoidean cleft, between the 
hyoid and first branchial arches; and the branchial 
clefts, between the branchial arches. 
cleft-palate (kleft-pal'at). Congenital fissure of 
the palate and roof of the mouth. 
Cleidagra, cleisagra (kli-dag'rah, kli-sag'rah) 
[Gr. kXcIs clavicle + ay pa. seizure]. Gouty pain 
in the clavicle. 
cleidarthritis (kli-dar-thri'tis) [Gr. KXeis clavicle 
+ apbpov joint]. Gout in the clavicular region. 
cleidocostal (kli-do-kos'tal). Pertaining to the 
clavicle and the ribs. 
cleidocranial (kli-do-kra'ne-al) [Gr. kXGs clavicle 
+ Kpaviov head]. Pertaining to the clavicles and 
the head. c. dysostosis. See dysostosis. 
cleidocranialiasis (kii"do-kra-ne-al-i'as-is). Clei- 
docranial dysostosis. See under dysostosis. 
cleidotomy (kli-dot'o-me) [Gr. kXcIs clavicle + 
Topq cut]. The operation of dividing the clavicle 
of the child in difficult labor, in order to permit of 
the passage of the shoulders. 
cleidotripsy (kli'do-trip-se) [Gr. kXGs clavicle + 
rpl^ecv to rub]. Crushing of the fetal clavicle in 
order to aid delivery. 
cleisiophobia (kli"se-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. kXcutis clos- 
ure + <pb^os fear]. Claustrophobia. 
cleithrophobia (kli-thro-fo'be-ah). Same as 
claustrophobia. 
Clematis (klem'at-is) [Gr. KX^parls}. A genus of 
ranunculaceous plants, many of them active 
poisons: not now used in medicine except in 
homeopathic preparations. 
cleoid (kle'oid) [Anglo-Saxon de, claw + Gr. eT3os 
form], A dental instrument, shaped like a claw, 
for excavating cavities. 
cleptomania (klep-to-ma'ne-ah). See kleptomania. 
cleptophobia (klep-to-fo'be-ah). See kleptophobia. 
clergyman's sore throat (kler'je-manz). Pharyn- 
gitis with dysphonia. 
did-. For words beginning thus, see those beginning 
cleid-. 
clidorrhexis (kli-do-reks'is) [Gr. xXefs clavicle -f- 
prj&s rupture]. Fracture of the clavicles of the 
fetus in order to facilitate delivery. 
clier (kli'er). A glandular swelling or tumor of the 
skin occurring in cattle. 
climacteric (kli-mak-ter'ik) [Gr. KXipaKrrjp round 
of the ladder]. A particular epoch of the ordi- 
nary term of life at which the body is believed 
to undergo a radical change. The time of pu- 
berty and the menopause are climacteric, grand 
c., occurs at the age of sixty-three, menstrual 
C., the time of the beginning of menstruation. 
climatology (kli-ma-tol'o-je) [Gr. nXipa climate + 
Xoyos treatise]. The sum of knowledge in regard 
to climates. 
climatotherapeutics (kli"mat-o-ther-ap-u'tiks). 
Same as climatotherapy. 
climatotherapy (kli"mat-o-ther'ap-e) [climate + 
Gr. depairda treatment]. The treatment of dis- 
ease by means of a favorable climate. 
climax (kli'maks) [Gr. KXlpa^ ladder]. The acme, 
or period of greatest intensity, in the course of 
an attack of disease. 
climograph (kli'mo-graf) [climate + Gr. ypatpeLV to 
write], A diagram representing the effect of climate 
on man. 
clinic (klin'ik) [Gr. kXivikos pertaining to a bed], 
i. A clinical lecture; examination of patients 
before a class of students; instruction at the 
bedside. 2. A class of students assembled to 
witness the examination and treatment of pa- 
tients. ambulant c., one for patients not con- 
fined to the bed. 
clinical (klin'ik-al). Pertaining to a clinic or to 
the bedside. 
clinician, clinicist (klin-ish'an, klin'is-ist). An 
expert clinical physician and teacher. 
clinicopathologic (klin"ik-o-path-o-loj'ik). Per- 
taining both to the symptoms of disease and to its 
pathology. 
clinocephalism, clinocephaly (kli-no-sef'al- 
izm, kli-no-sef'al-e) [Gr. kXIvclv to bend + KecpaX-q 
head]. Congenital flatness or hollowness of the 
vertex of the head. 
Clinocoris (klin-ok'o-ris) [Gr. KXtvrj bed + Kopis 
bug]. Same as Cimex. 
clinodactyly (kli-no-dak'til-e) [Gr. nXlveiv to bend 
+ SaKTvXos finger]. Permanent bending or de- 
flection of the fingers. 
Clinography (kli-nog'raf-e) [Gr. KXlvr) bed + 
ypa<peLP to write], A term used by Pensuti to ex- 
press his method of bedside annotations, consist- 
ing of a system of graphic representations of the 
temperature, symptoms, and pathologic manifes- 
tations exhibited by a patient. 
clinoid (kli'noid) [Gr. KXlvq bed 4- elbos form]. Re- 
sembling a bed; bed shaped. CLINOLOGY 
260 
CLOSTRIDIUM 
clinology (kli-nol'o-je) [Gr. kXIvciv decline + Xoyos 
discourse]. The science of the decline or retro- 
gression of an animal organism. 
clinometer, clinoscope (kli-nom'et-er, kli'no- 
skop] [Gr. CXlveiv to decline -f- aKoireiv to view]. 
An instrument for measuring an angle of devia- 
tion, as the torsion of the eyes when gazing at a 
fixed object. It is used for measuring paralysis 
of the ocular muscles. 
clinostatic (kli-no-stat'ik). Occurring when the 
patient lies down. 
clinostatism (kli'no-stat-izm) [Gr. KXlvq bed + 
or dues position], A lying down position of the 
body. 
cliseometer (klis-e-om'et-er) [Gr. k\1<tls inclination 
+ per poo measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the angle which the pelvic axis makes with 
the spinal column. 
clithridium (klith-rid'e-um) [Gr. KXeiOpla. a key- 
hole], Any bacterium having a shape like a keyhole 
or figure of 8. 
clithrophobia (klith-ro-fo'be-ah). Same as claus- 
trophobia. 
clition (klit'e-on) [Gr. kXltvs slope, clivus]. The 
midpoint of the anterior border of the clivus. 
clitoridauxe (klit"or-id-awks'e) [Gr. KXeiropls clit- 
oris -J- increase]. Enlargement of the clitoris. 
clitoridean (klit-orid-e'an). Pertaining to the 
clitoris. 
clitoridectomy (klit"or-id-ek'to-me) [Gr. kXclto- 
pLs clitoris + eKTopn excision]. Excision of the 
clitoris (Baker Brown). 
clitoriditis (kli-tor-id-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
clitoris. 
clitoridotomy (kli-tor-id-ot'o-me) [clitoris + Gr. 
Topy a cut]. Female circumcision. 
clitoris (klit'o-ris) [Gr. kXcltopls]. An organ of 
the female homologous with the penis in the 
male. It is a small, elongated, erectile body, 
situated at the anterior angle of the vulva. 
clitorism (klit'o-rizm). 1. Hypertrophy of the 
clitoris. 2. Persistent erection of the clitoris. 
clitoritis (klit-o-ri'tis). Inflammation of the clit- 
oris. 
clitoromania (klit"or-o-ma'ne-ah). See nympho- 
mania. 
clitorotomy (klit"o-rot'o-me) [Gr. kXcltopIs clit- 
oris + Tepvetv to cut]. Surgical incision of the clit- 
oris. 
clival (kli'val). Pertaining to the clivus. 
clivis (kli'vis). Same as declivis cerebelli. 
clivus (kli'vus), c. blumenbachii (bloo-men- 
bak'e-i) [L. " Blumenbach's slope "]. The bony 
surface which slopes down from the pituitary fossa, 
c. montic'uli. Same as declivis cerebelli. 
cloaca (klo-a'kah) [L. "drain"]. 1. An opening or 
cavity at the posterior end of the body of a ver- 
tebrate into which the intestinal, urinary, and re- 
productive ducts open. 2. An opening in the in- 
volucrum of a necrosed bone. 
cloacal (klo-ak'al). Pertaining to the cloaca. 
Cloetta's digitoxin (klo-et'az) [MaxCloetta, Swiss 
pharmacologist, born 1868]. See digitoxin. 
clone (klon) A group of individuals of like heredi- 
tary constitution, traceable through asexual repro- 
ductions to a single ancestral zygote. 
clonic (klon'ik) [Gr. kXovos turmoil]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of clonus. 
clonicity (klon-is'it-e). The condition of being 
clonic. 
clonicotonic (klon"ik-o-ton'ik). Both clonic and 
tonic. 
clonism, clonismus (klon'izm, klo-nis'mus) [Gr. 
kXovos clonus]. A succession of clonic spasms. 
clonograph (klon'o-graf) [clonus + Gr. ypaicav 
to write]. An instrument for recording spas- 
modic movements of parts and tendon reflexes. 
clonorchiasis (klo-nor-ki'as-is). Same as clonor- 
chiosis. 
clonorchiosis (klo-nor-ke-o'sis). Infestation of the 
bile passages with Clonorchis. 
Clonorchis (klo-nor'kis). A genus of liver flukes of 
Asia. C. epidem'icus, C. sinen sis, one of the 
most common parasitic trematodes infesting the 
liver of man, especially in China and Japan. Sev- 
eral species of fish act as the intermediary host, 
clonospasm (klon'o-spazm) [Gr. kXovos clonus 4- 
aTraa^os spasm]. Clonic spasm. 
clonus (klo'nus) [Gr. kXovos turmoil]. Spasm in 
which rigidity and relaxation succeed each other, 
ankle-c., foot-c., a series of convulsive move- 
ments of the ankle, induced by suddenly pushing 
up the foot while the leg is extended, toe-c., 
rhythmic contraction of the great toe, induced 
by suddenly extending the first phalanx, wrist- 
C., spasmodic contraction of the hand muscles, 
induced by forcibly bending the hand backward. 
Cloquet's canal, ganglion, hernia, etc. (klo- 
kaz) [Hippolyte Cloquet, French surgeon, 1773- 
1843, and his brother, Jules Germain Cloquet, 
French surgeon, 1790-1883]. See canal, ganglion, 
hernia, etc. 
clostridial (klos-trid'e-al). Pertaining to or caused 
by clostridia. 
Clostridium (klos-trid'e-um) [Gr. kXuktttip spindle]. 
A genus of rod-shaped bacteria which are anaerobic 
or micro-aerophilic and which form clostridial or 
plectricial spore forms. C. aerofe'tidum, an 
anaerobic, Gram-positive, slightly motile, rod- 
shaped organism which forms oval subterminal 
spores. It is saccharolytic and proteolytic, but is 
not pathogenic. It has been found only in war 
wounds. C. aerog'enes capsula'tum, a Gram- 
positive, rod-shaped organism which forms oval 
subterminal spores. It produces "stormy fer- 
mentation" in milk and is the organism most com- 
monly found in cases of gas gangrene. Called also 
Achalme's bacillus, Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus, 
B. enteritidis sporo genes, B. perfringens, B. phleg- 
monis emphysematosa:, B. saccharobutyricus im- 
mobilis, B. welchii, Clostridium welchii, gas bacillus, 
and V allon-Zaber bacillus. C. bifermentans, 
an anaerobic organism closely resembling C. 
sporogenes, but it ferments mannose. Called also 
Bacillus bifermentans sporogenes. C. botuli'num, 
a rather large, stout, motile rod resembling Clos- 
tridium septique. It forms a toxin in food materials 
which causes botulism. Called also bacillus of 
allantiasis, Bacillus botulinus, and van Ermengen's 
bacillus. C. butyr icum, a short, Gram-positive 
rod that forms small oval and chiefly central spores. 
The cultures smell strongly of butyric acid. Called 
also Bacillus actinobacter, B. amylobacter, B. 
butyricus, mobile buttersauer bacillus, and C. pas- 
teurianum. . C. chau'vaei, a strictly anaerobic, 
Gram-positive, motile, sporogenic, rod-shaped or- 
ganism which causes symptomatic anthrax in 
cattle, sheep, and goats. It is saccharolytic, but 
not proteolytic and is not pathogenic for man. 
Called also Bacillus anthracis symptomatici, ba- 
cillus of black leg or of black quarter, B. carbonis, 
B. chauvcei, B. feseri, rauschbrand bacillus. C. 
cochlea'rium, a slender, actively motile, Gram- 
negative rod, forming oval terminal spores. It is 
frequently found in war wounds, but is probably 
not pathogenic. It is saccharolytic, but not pro- 
teolytic. Called also Bacillus cochlearius. C. 
edem'atis, C. edem'atiens, a strictly anae- 
robic organism isolated from war wounds in about 
40 per cent, of the cases. It is Gram-positive and 
forms large subterminal spores. It is saccharo- 
lytic, but not proteolytic. It forms a soluble toxin 
and is pathogenic for laboratory animals. C. 
histolyt'icum, a Gram-positive, motile, sac- 
charolytic, and proteolytic organism which forms 
oval terminal spores. In conjunction with other 
organisms it digests living tissues very rapidly 
without producing general symptoms. C. multi- CLOT 
fermen'tans, an anaerobic, Gram-positive organ- 
ism which forms oval subterminal spores. It is 
not proteolytic, but it ferments eight different 
sugars. C. cedema tiens. See C; edematis. C. 
paraputrif'icum, an anaerobic organism closely 
resembling C. putrificum except that it ferments 
several sugars and is found normally in the diges- 
tive tract. C. parasporo'genes, an anaerobic 
organism closely resembling C. sporogenes except 
that it does not produce a woolly colony and that 
it differs in its agglutination reactions. C. pas- 
teuria'num. See C. butyricum. C. putrif'- 
icum, an anaerobic, Gram-positive, motile organ- 
ism forming round terminal spores resembling 
tetanus. It is proteolytic, but neither saccharo- 
lytic nor pathogenic. Called also Bacillus putrif- 
icus and b. of Bienstock. C. "Reading bacil- 
lus," this is practically identical with C. spor- 
ogenes except that this one seems to have the 
power to destroy certain toxins. Wounds infected 
with this organism either naturally or therapeu- 
tically heal rapidly. It is both saccharolytic and 
proteolytic. C. septique, a moderately large, 
motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped organism with 
rounded ends and oval subterminal spores. It is 
not proteolytic, but is saccharolytic and pathogenic 
for several species of animals, but infectious for 
man only through wounds. Called also Bacillus 
cedematis maligni, B. septique, B. Ill of von Hibler, 
Gohn-Sachs bacillus, and Vibrion septique. C. 
sphenoi'des, a small, motile, anaerobic, Gram- 
positive organism which forms round, terminal 
spores which in old cultures become wedge shaped. 
It is saccharolytic and is found in cases of gas 
gangrene, but is neither proteolytic nor patho- 
genic. C. sporo'genes, a widely disseminated 
anaerobic organism found in war wounds and giving 
them a foul odor. It is Gram-positive, motile, and 
forms oval subterminal spores. It is intensely 
proteolytic, but not pathogenic. It ferments dex- 
trose, maltose, levulose, and glycerol. C. ter'- 
tium, a slender, sluggishly motile, micro-aerophilic, 
rod-shaped organism which forms oval, terminal 
spores. It is saccharolytic, but neither proteolytic 
nor pathogenic. It is the third most frequently 
found anaerobe in war wounds. C. tet'ani, a 
slender, motile, Gram-positive, anaerobic rod- 
shaped organism found in garden soil and in the 
feces of horses, cows, and human beings. It forms 
round, terminal spores and produces a powerful 
toxin which causes tetanus. Called also Nicolaier's 
bacillus and Bacillus tetani. C. tetanoi'des, a 
long, motile, Gram-positive, anaerobic organism 
which forms round terminal spores. It greatly re- 
sembles C. tetani, but does not form tetanus 
toxin. Called also Bacillus tetanomorphus and B. 
anaerobicus alkaligenes. C. wel'chii. See Clos- 
tridium aerogenes capsulatus.' 
clot (klot). A soft, semisolidified mass of coagu- 
lum, as of blood or lymph, agony c., a clot 
formed in the heart during the death agony, an- 
temortem c., a blood-clot formed in the heart or 
in a large vessel before death. blood-C., a coagu- 
lum formed of blood, either in or out of the body, 
chicken-fat c., a yellow-colored blood-clot look- 
ing like a mass of chicken-fat. currant-jelly c., 
a fibrin clot of reddish color and of a jelly-like con- 
sistence. distal c., a clot formed in a vessel on 
the distal side of a ligature, external c., a 
couvercle, or clot formed outside a blood-vessel, 
heart-c., a thrombus formed within the heart, 
internal c., a clot formed by solidification of 
blood within a vessel, laminated c., a clot 
formed in layers filling the interior of an aneur- 
ysm. marantic c., a blood-clot due to enfeebled 
circulation and general malnutrition. muscle 
c., a clot formed in the coagulation of muscle 
plasm, passive c., a clot formed in the sac of 
an aneurysm as a result of cessation of the circula- 
tion through the aneurysm, plastic c., a clot 
formed from the intima of an artery at the point of 
ligation, forming a permanent obstruction of the 
artery, postmortem c., a blood-clot formed in 
261 
the heart or in a large blood-vessel after death, 
proximal c., a clot formed in a vessel on the 
proximal side of a ligature. Schede's c. See 
Schede's treatment, under treatment, stratified c., 
a thrombus made up of layers of different colors, 
washed c., a blood-clot composed of fibrin and 
colorless corpuscles, white c., a decolorized 
blood-clot. 
clotbur (klot'bur). The composite-flowered plant, 
Xan'thium spino'sum: astringent. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.); in substance, 10-20 
gr. (0.666-1.333 gm.). 
clottage (klot'aj). The artificial or pathologic 
closure of a passage, as a ureter, by a blood- 
clot. 
cloudy swelling (klow'de). See swelling. 
clove (klov) [L. cla'vus a nail or spike]. An aro- 
matic spice, the dried flower-bud of Euge'nia 
aromat'ica: used as a carminative and for the 
relief of nausea; also externally as an anodyne 
in toothache and colic. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.65 
gm.); of the oil, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). c. 
bark, the aromatic bark of Dicypel'lium caryo- 
phylla'tum. 
clove-hitch. See under knot. 
clownism (klown'izm). The hysteric performance 
of grotesque actions. 
club-foot (klub'fut). See talipes. 
club-hand (klub'hand). A hand deformity anal- 
ogous to club-foot; talipomanus. 
clubbing (klub'ing). See clubbed fingers, under 
finger. 
clump (klump). An aggregation of bacteria due to 
the action of agglutinins. 
clumping (klump'ing). See agglutination and 
Widal's test, in test table. 
clupein (klu'pe-in) [L. clu'pea herring]. A protamin 
obtainable from the spermatozoa of the herring. 
cluttering (klut'er-ing). Hurried nervous speech, 
marked by the dropping of syllables. 
dyer (kli'er). A scrofulous tumor in the ox due to 
tuberculous infection. 
dyers (kli'erz). Actinomycosis. 
clymene (kli-men'). An odoriferous substance used 
in testing the power of smell. 
clysis (kli'sis) [Gr. kXu<tis]. A clyster, or the ad- 
ministration of a clyster. 
clysma (kliz'mah), pl. clys'mata [Gr. K\v<rna\. X 
clyster or enema. 
clyster (klis'ter) [Gr. K\v<rrqp\. An injection into 
the rectum; an enema. 
clysterium (klis'te-re-um), pl. clyste'ria [L.; Gr. 
KXvarqpLov]. A clyster. 
clysterize (klis'ter-iz) [L. clysteriza're}. To apply 
a clyster to; to treat with enemata. 
C. M. An abbreviation for Chirur'gia Magis'ter, 
Master in Surgery; also for L. eras ma'ne, tomorrow 
morning. 
cm. Abbreviation for centimeter. 
C. M. B. Abbreviation for carbolic methylene-blue. 
C. m. S. An abbreviation for L. eras ma'ne sumen'- 
dus, to be taken to-morrow morning. 
ON. Cyanogen. 
C. N. Abbreviation for L. eras noc'te, tomorrow 
night. 
cnemial (ne'me-al). Pertaining to the shin. 
cnemis (ne'mis) [Gr. Kwqpls]. The lower leg, shin, 
or tibia. 
cnemitis (ne-mi'tis). Inflammation of the tibia. 
cnemoscoliosis (ne"mo-sko-le-o'sis) [Gr. KP-qp-q 
leg + a«oX(w<ns]. A lateral bending of the leg. 
cnicin (ni'sin). A bitter, crystalline principle, 
C42H56O15, from Cni'cus benedic'tus and other 
plants: antiperiodic, diaphoretic, and tonic. 
Cnicus (ni'kus) [L., from Gr. Kvi^eev to prick], A 
genus of thistles, old world composite-flowered 
CNICUS CNIDEAN SCHOOL 
262 
COCAIN 
plants. C. benedic'tus, " blessed thistle," is a 
useful tonic. Dose of decoction, 1 dr.-| fl.oz. 
(3-9-I5-5 c.c.); of tincture, 10-20 min. (0.666- 
1.333 c.c.). 
Cnidian school (ni'de-an). An early school of 
medicine in Greece, preceding that of Hippocrates. 
cnidosis (ni-do'sis) [Gr. nettle]. Urticaria. 
CNOH. Cyanic acid. 
CNS. Chemical symbol for sulphocyanate. 
C. n. s. Abbreviation for L. eras noc'le sumen'dus, 
to be taken tomorrow night. 
CO. Carbon monoxid. 
CO2. Carbon dioxid. 
Co. Symbol for cobalt. 
coadunation, coadunition (ko-ad-u-na'shun, 
-nish'un) [L. co together -|- ad to + a'nus one]- 
Union of dissimilar substances in one mass. 
coagglutination (ko-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). The ag- 
glutination by an antigen and the homologous anti- 
body of the corpuscles of another animal. 
coagglutinin (ko-ag-lu'tin-in). Partial agglutinin. 
See under agglutinin. 
coagula (ko-ag'u-lah). Plural of coagulum. 
coagulable (ko-ag'u-la-bl). Susceptible of being 
coagulated. 
coagulant (ko-ag'u-lant) [L. coag'ulans]. 1. Caus- 
ing coagulation. 2. An agent that causes coagula- 
tion. 
coagulase (ko-ag'u-las). An enzyme which pro- 
duces coagulation. 
coagulate (ko-ag'u-lat) [L. coagula're\. 1. To 
cause to clot. 2. To become clotted. 
coagulation (ko-ag-u-la'shun) [L. coagula'Ho}. 
1. The process of changing into a clot or of being 
changed into a clot. 2. A clot. 3. In colloid chem- 
istry, the solidification of a sol into a gelatinous 
mass; the degree of dispersion of the disperse phase 
from the continuous phase is lessened, thus result- 
ing in the complete or partial separation of this 
phase which appears as a non-rigid, insoluble, con- 
tinuous mass, called the clot or curd. Coagula- 
tion is usually irreversible, massive c., coagula- 
tion of the spinal fluid so as to form an almost 
solid clot: a condition seen in some cases of Froin's 
syndrome in meningomyelitis or tumor of the cord. 
coagulation-time. See under time. 
coagulative (ko-ag'u-la-tiv). Associated with co- 
agulation or promoting a process of coagula- 
tion; of the nature of coagulation. 
coagulen (ko-ag'u-len). A hemostatic preparation, 
in the form of a granular brown powder, consisting 
of dried animal blood-platelets mixed with grape- 
sugar: used in a 5 to 10 per cent, solution in distilled 
water. 
coagulin (ko-ag'u-lin). 1. An antibody formed in 
the blood-sehim on injection of various substances 
into the body of an animal and capable of coagulat- 
ing the substance by whose injection it was formed. 
2. Thromboplastin. 
coagulinoid (ko-ag'u-lin-oid). A coagulin, the 
active coagulating portion of which has been de- 
stroyed by heating. 
coagulometer (ko-ag-u-lom'et-er) [coagulation + 
Gr. n'erpov measure]. An apparatus for deter- 
mining the coagulability of the blood. 
coagulose (ko-ag'u-los). A proprietary preparation 
made by precipitating blood-serum: used subcu- 
taneously for arresting hemorrhage. 
coaguloviscosimeter (ko-ag"u-lo-vis-ko-sim'- 
et-er). An instrument for determining the coagu- 
lation-time of the blood. 
coagulum (ko-ag'u-lum), pl. coag'ula. [L.]. A 
clot or curd. 
Coakley's operation (kok'lez) [Cornelius G. 
Coakley, laryngologist in New York, born 1862]. 
See operation. 
coalescence (ko-al-es'ens) [L. coales'cere to grow 
together]. The fusion or blending of parts. 
coal-tar (kol'tahr). A dark, semiliquid product 
of the dry 'distillation of bituminous coal, from 
which many valuable dyes, medicines, and other 
useful commodities are derived. 
coaptation (ko-ap-ta'shun) [L. coapta're to fit 
together]. The fitting together or adjustment of 
displaced parts, as of the ends of a fractured bone. 
coarctate (ko-ark'tat) [L. -coarda're to straighten 
or tighten]. Pressed close together; contracted. 
coarctation (ko-ark-ta'shun) [L. coarcta'tio, from 
cum together + ar da're to make tight]. A straight- 
ening or pressing together; a condition of stricture 
or contraction. 
coarctotomy (ko-ark-tot'o-me) [L. coarc'tus pressed 
together + Gr. Top-q a cut]. The cutting of a 
stricture. 
coarse (kors). Not fine; not microscopic. 
coarticulation (ko"ar-tik-u-la'shun) [L. con to- 
gether + articula're to join]. A synarthrosis. 
coat (kot) [L. cot'lus a tunic]. A membrane or 
other structure which lines or covers a part or 
organ, adventitial c., the external coat or 
covering. buffy c., the pale, buff-colored stratum 
on the surface of a blood-clot which remains 
when coagulation is completed: it is due to the 
settling of red blood-corpuscles owing to de- 
layed coagulation, fibrous C., the sclera and 
cornea together, starting c., a dry condition of 
the skin of horses and cattle, with stiff, rough hair. 
cobalt (ko'bawlt) [L. cobal'tum], A metal, atomic 
weight 58.97, symbol Co, whose compounds afford 
pigments, but are seldom used as medicines. C. 
salipyrin, a salicylate of cobalt and antipyrin, 
forming a pale red powder. 
cobra (ko'brah). A poisonous snake, Na'ja trip- 
u'dians, of India. By inoculating animals with 
the cobra venom a serum is obtained which is 
used in counteracting the effect of bites by the 
snake, c.-lecithid, the hemolytic compound 
formed by cobra toxin and the lecithin of the blood . 
cobraism (ko'brah-izm). Poisoning by cobra 
venom. 
cobralysin (ko-bral'is-in). A hemolytic substance 
derived from the poison of the cobra. 
cobweb (kob'web) [L. ara'neum; te'la ara'nea]. 
The web of various kinds of spider; sometimes 
used as a styptic, in the moxa, and as a domestic 
remedy: a febrifuge and antispasmodic. Dose, 
5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.). 
COC. Abbreviation for cathodal opening contraction. 
coca (ko'kah). The leaves of Erythrolylon co'ca, 
a South American plant: nervine and stimulant. 
Dose of extract, 2-15 gr. (0.13-1 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.). c.-ethylin, a 
white powder, C1SH23NO.„ nearly insoluble in 
water, but soluble in ether and alcohol. It is a 
mild local anesthetic. Called also homococain. 
cocain (ko'ka-in). A crystalline alkaloid, methyl 
benzoyl ecgonin, C17H21NO4, from coca leaves. It is 
a local anesthetic, narcotic, and mydriatic. Its hy- 
drochlorid and many others of its compounds are 
employed in medicine and surgery. The salts are 
used to produce local anesthesia and local anemia in 
painful conditions and for minor operations; also 
as mydriatics, and internally in gastric irritability 
and nausea. Dose, |-2 gr. (0.008-0.133 gm.); 
of the hydrochlorid, f-i gr. (0.011-0.066 gm.); of 
the phenate, gr. (0.0054-0.011 gm.). C. 
aluminum citrate, a crystalline salt: an as- 
tringent and local anesthetic, c. aluminum 
sulphate, a crystalline double salt: an astringent 
and local anesthetic, c. borate, employed in 
eye-washes and in hypodermic injections: it is 
regarded as one of the most serviceable of the cocain 
salts, c. cantharidate, a white powder: recom- 
mended for hypodermic use in nasal catarrh 
and in tuberculosis of the larynx, c. carbo- COCAINA 
263 
COCCYODYNIA 
late, a viscid, yellowish mass: used as a local 
anesthetic, analgesic, etc., in rheumatism and 
in catarrhal inflammations. Dose, gr. 
(0.005-0.011 gm.); locally, in 1-3 per cent, solu- 
tion. c. lactate is recommended for injection 
into the bladder in cystitis. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.), 
c. nitrate is used in the treatment of gonorrheal 
and bladder troubles, c. saccharate, a salt in 
moist, crystalline plates: used principally in throat 
and mouth operations, c. salicylate, a salt 
in thick flakes: used hypodermically for asthma. 
Dose, 5 gr. (0.333 gm.). c. stearate, a com- 
pound used like cocain oleate in suppositories 
and ointments. 
cocaina (ko-ka-i'nah). Cocain. 
cocainidin (ko-ka-in'id-in). An alkaloid, CjSH23- 
NO4, from coca. Its effects are much like those 
of cocain, but it is less active, especially as an 
anesthetic. 
cocainism (ko-ka'in-izm). The morbid habit of 
mind and body caused by prolonged misuse of 
cocain as a stimulant or a narcotic. 
cocainist (ko-ka'in-ist). A person addicted to the 
habitual use of cocain. 
cocainization (ko-ka"in-iz-a'shun). The act of 
putting under the influence of cocain. spinal 
C., the injection of cocain into the subdural space 
at the base of the spinal cord by a puncture through 
the fourth or fifth lumbar interspace. This 
produces analgesia of the lower limbs and body 
as high up as the thorax, the tactile, muscular, 
and temperature sensibility being retained. ■ Called 
also rachiococainization. 
cocainize (ko-ka'in-iz). To put under the influ- 
ence of cocain. 
cocainomania (ko-ka"in-o-ma'ne-ah). Persistent 
or excessive use of cocain as a stimulant. 
cocainomaniac (ko-ka"in-o-ma'ne-ak). A victim 
of the cocain habit. 
cocamin (ko-kam'in). An alkaloid from coca. 
co-capsulin (ko-kap'su-lin). A proprietary prep- 
aration of supracapsulin and cocain hydrochlorid. 
cocapyrin (ko-kah-pi'rin). A compound of cocain, 
1 part, and antipyrin, 99 parts: used as an anal- 
gesic and antipyretic. Dose, 3! gr. (0.22 gm.). 
Coccaceae (kok-ka'se-e). A family of the order 
Eubacteriales, including all true bacteria whose 
cells are spheric. It comprises the genera Strep- 
tococcus, Staphylococcus, Diplococcus, Neisseria, 
Micrococcus, Rhodococcus, and Leuconostoc. 
cocci (kok'si). Plural of coccus. 
coccidial (kok-sid'e-al). Pertaining to Coccidium. 
coccidioidal (kok-sid-e-oi'dal). Caused by coc- 
cidioides. 
Coccidioides (kok"sid-e-oi'dez). A genus of sporo- 
zoan parasites. C. immit'is, C. pyo'genes are said 
to be the cause of pseudotuberculosis of the 
skin and coccidioidal granuloma. 
coccidiosis (kok"sid-e-o'sis). A morbid state 
caused by the presence of coccidia which form 
nodular or suppurative foci in various parts of the 
body, most frequently in the bones, joints, lymph- 
nodes, lungs, and skin. See Coccidium. 
Coccidium (kok-sid'e-um), pl. coccid'ia[L.; dim. of 
Gr. kokkos berry]. 1. A genus of animal micro- 
organisms or protozoa. 2. The cyst or zygote in 
which are developed the germinal rods or spores of 
proteosoma. C. bigem'inum, a parasite found 
abundantly in dogs and cats and rarely in man. C. 
cunic'uli, the organism causing coccidiosis in rab- 
bits and sometimes found in man. C. hom'inis, a 
parasite frequently found in rabbits and sometimes 
in man. C. ovifor'me, a minute elliptic parasite 
found commonly in rabbits and mice, and rarely in 
man, in the interior of the columnar epithelial cells 
of the intestines or bile-ducts, where it slowly in- 
creases in size until it exceeds the size of the cells. 
The parasite causes proliferation and obstruction 
of the bile-ducts, which often end in cysts of the 
liver. C. syphil'idis. Same as Leukocytozobn 
syphilidis. C. tenel'lum, a species causing 
coccidiosis in fowls, blackhead in turkeys, and 
white diarrhea in chicks. 
coccigenic (kok-sij-en'ik). Caused by a micro- 
coccus. 
coccillana (kok-se-yah'nah). See cocillana. 
coccinella (kok-sin-el'ah). Latin for cochineal. 
coccinellin (kok-sin-el'in) [L. coccinelli'num]. 
Carmin; the coloring principle of cochineal. 
coccobacillus (kok"o-bas-il'us). A microorgan- 
ism intermediate in form between a bacillus and 
a micrococcus. C. foet'idus ozae'nse, a micro- 
organism said by Perez to be the cause of ozena, 
or fetid rhinitis, c. verodunen'sis, an organ- 
ism found in gunshot gangrene (Besredka, 1915). 
coccobacteria (kok"o-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. kokkos 
berry + /SaKrypLov rod]. A common name for 
the spheroid bacteria, or for the various bacte- 
rial cocci. 
coccode (kok'od). A globular granule. 
COCCOgenous (kok-oj'en-us) [L. cocci + Gr. yevvav 
to produce]. Caused by cocci. 
coccoid (kok'oid). Resembling a coccus; globose. 
Coccoloba (kok-ol'o-bah) [L. coccol'obis]. A genus 
of polygonaceous trees and shrubs. C. uvif'era, 
the seaside grape of tropical America, has an edi- 
ble fruit, and affords an astringent extract called 
Jamaica kino. 
coccomelasma (kok-o-me-las'mah) [Gr. kokkos 
grain + jueXas black]. Granular melanosis of the 
skin. 
cocculin (kok'u-lin). A crystalline compound, 
C19H36O10, from cocculus. 
Cocculus (kok'u-lus) [L.; dim. of coc'cus berry]. 
A genus of menispermaceous plants, many of 
which are medicinal, and some actively poison- 
ous. C. in'dicus, the dried berry or fruit of 
Anamir'ta coc'culus: very poisonous; sometimes 
used in brewing, and useful externally in certain 
skin diseases and to destroy lice: it is sparingly 
used in night-sweats, chorea, and sick headache. 
Dose of tincture, 2-15 min. (0.133-1 c.c.); of 
fluidextract, 1-3 min. (0.066-0.2 c.c.). 
Coccus (kok'us), pl. coc'ci (kok'si) [L.; Gr. kokkos 
berry], 1. An individual of the Coccacese. When 
fully developed and free they are spheric; when 
two or more are in apposition they may be flattened 
along the plane of contact. 2. A genus of hemip- 
terous insects: they produce cochineal, kermes, 
and lac. See cochineal, kermes, and lac. 3. The 
C. cac'ti, the cochineal insect. Class's c., a 
microorganism discovered by Class in the blood, 
epidermis, and throat of scarlet fever patients. 
Fehleisen's c., the Streptococcus erysipelatis. 
coccyalgia, coccydynia (kok-se-al'je-ah, kok-sid- 
in'e-ah) [Gr. kokkv£ coccyx + a\yos or 68wt) pain]. 
Pain in the coccyx. 
coccydinia (kok-sid-in'e-ah). Same as coccygo- 
dynia. 
coccygalgia (kok-sig-al'je-ah). Same as coccy- 
godynia. 
coccygeal (kok-sij'e-al). Of or pertaining to the 
coccyx. 
coccygectomy (kok-sij-ek'to-me) [Gr. kokkv% coc- 
cyx -|- eKTopij excision]. Surgical removal of the 
coccyx. 
coccygerector (kok"sij-e-rek'tor). The extensor 
coccygis muscle. 
coccygeus (kok-sij'e-us). See muscles, table of. 
coccygodynia (kok"sig-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. kokkv^ 
coccyx + bbbvi) pain]. Pain in the coccyx and 
neighboring region, due to rheumatism, neural- 
gia, or injury of the bohe. 
coccygotomy (kok-sig-ot'o-me) [Gr. k6kku$ coc- 
cyx + ropp a cut]. Removal of the coccyx. 
coccyodynia (kok"se-o-din'e-ah). See coccygo- 
dynia. COCCYX 
264 
COEFFICIENT 
coccyx (kok'siks) [Gr. kokkv£ cuckoo, whose bill it 
is said to resemble]. The small bone situated 
caudad to the sacrum; in man, the caudal end 
of the spinal column. 
Coch. Abbreviation for L. cochlea're, spoonful. 
cochia pills (kok'e-ah or ko'che-ah) [L.; Gr. 
kokklop pill]. Pills of aloes and colocynth. 
cochineal (koch-in-el') [L. coccinel'la; U. S. P., 
coc'cus]. The dried insect, Coc'cus cac'ti, native 
in tropical America, and exported as a dye-stuff: 
it affords carmin, and is used in pharmacy. It is 
used as an indicator and has a Ph range of from 
4.8 to 6.2, being yellowish red at 4.8 and violet at 
6.2. It is considered to be antispasmodic and 
anodyne, and has been used in nervous affections 
and in whooping-cough. Dose in powder, | gr. 
(0.02 gm.); of tincture, 20-30 min. (1.25 -2 c.c.). 
cochl. An abbreviation for L. cochlea're, a spoon- 
ful. cochl. amp., L. cochlea're am'plum, heaping 
spoonful, cochl. infant., L. cochlea're infan'tis, 
a child's spoonful. cochl. mag., L. cochlea're 
mag'num, tablespoonful, cochl. med., L. coch- 
lea're me'dium, dessert spoonful, cochl. parv., 
L. cochlea're par'vum, teaspoonful. 
cochlea (kok'le-ah) [L. for " snail-shell"]. 1. Any- 
thing of a spiral form. 2. The conic cavity of 
the internal ear which contains the essential organs 
of the auditory sense. 
cochlear (kok(le-ar). Of or pertaining to the 
cochlea. 
cochleare (kok-le-a're). L. for " spoon " or " spoon- 
ful." c. am'plum, " large spoon "; a table- 
spoonful. c. mag'num, tablespoon or table- 
spoonful: abbreviated to cochl. mag. c. me'- 
dium, dessertspoon or dessertspoonful; literally, 
middle-sized spoon: abbreviated to cochl. med. c. 
par'vum, a teaspoon. 
Cochlearia (kok-le-a're-ah) [L.]. A genus of cru- 
ciferous plants. C. armora'cia is the horse-rad- 
ish: its root is a stimulant condiment and a stom- 
achic. Dose of fluidextract, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
The fresh leaves are used in domestic medicine 
and as a pot-herb. C. officina'lis, scurvy- 
grass, is diuretic, antiscorbutic, and stimulant. 
cochleariform (kok"le-ar'if-orm) [L. cochlea're 
spoon + for'ma form]. Shaped like a spoon. 
cochleate (kok'le-at) [L. cochlea snail]. Shaped like 
a snail shell: said of bacterial cultures. 
cochleitis (kok-le-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
cochlea. 
cochleovestibular (kok"le-o-ves-tib'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the cochlea and vestibule of the ear. 
Cochliomyia (kok-le-o-mi'e-ah). Same as Chrys- 
omyia. 
cochlitis (kok-li'tis). See cochleitis. 
cocillana (ko-se-yah'nah). The bark of Gua'rea 
swart'zii: emetic, expectorant, and cathartic. 
Dose of fluidextract, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
cockle (kok'el). See Agrostemma. 
cockroach (kok'rotch). See Blatta. 
Cock's operation (koks) [Edward Cock, English 
surgeon, 1805-1892]. See operation. 
COCI. Abbreviation for cathodal opening clonus. 
cocoa (ko'ko). See cacao and chocolate, c.- 
butter. See under butter. 
cocoanut (ko'ko-nut). The fruit of Co'cos nucif'- 
era, a palm-tree whose sap affords palm-wine or 
toddy, while the nut is an important article of 
food, and supplies great quantities of a valuable 
oil. 
coco-olein (ko-ko-o'le-in). A proprietary substi- 
tute for cod-liver oil: said to be an olein from 
cocoanut oil. 
Coct. Abbreviation for coc'tio, boiling. 
coction (kok'shun) [L. coc'tio a cooking]. 1. The 
process of boiling. 2. Digestion. 
coctolabile (kok-to-la'bil) [L. coc'tus cooked 4- 
la'bilis perishable]. Destroyed or altered by heat- 
ing to the boiling-point of water. 
coctoprecipitin (kok-to-pre-sip'it-in) [L. coc'tus 
cooked 4- precipitin]. A precipitin produced by 
injecting a heated serum or other antigen. It re- 
acts not only with the heated antigen, but with the 
unheated one also. 
coctostabile, coctostable (kok-to-sta'bil, -bil) [L. 
coc'tus cooked + sta'bilis resisting]. Not altered 
by heating to the temperature of boiling water. 
codamin (ko'dam-in). An alkaloid, C20H25NO4, 
from opium. 
code of medical ethics. A set of rules adopted 
by the American Medical Association for the 
guidance of physicians in their professional rela- 
tions. 
codein (ko-de'in) [L. codei'na]. A white or whitish, 
crystalline alkaloid, morphin methyl ether, C18H21- 
NO3 + H2O, from opium; soluble in 80 parts of 
cold water and 17 parts of boiling water, and easily 
soluble in alcohol and ether; it is narcotic, but less 
so than morphin: used as a substitute for morphin 
in severe cough, diabetes mellitus, and pain in the 
intestines. Dose, |-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 gm.), c. hy- 
droiodate, a salt, C18H21NO3.HI + H2O, ano- 
dyne and hypnotic: recommended for use in chil- 
dren's diseases, c. methyl bromid, a sedative, 
Ci8H2iNO3(Br.CH3), known also as sucodein. C. 
phosphate, a salt, in colorless needles, C18H21- 
NO3.H3PO4 + 2H2O: a good substiute for mor- 
phin. Dose, gr. (0.025-0.05 gm.), c. sul- 
phate, a white, crystalline powder, (CisIUiOsN^.- 
H2SO4.5H2O. Dose, j-i gr. (0-03. 006 gm.), c. 
valerianate, an antispasmodic and hypnotic 
salt. Dose, 1 gr. (0.015 gm.). 
codeonal (ko-de'o-nal). A preparation of codein 
diethylbarbiturate and sodium diethylbarbiturate: 
used as a sedative and hypnotic. 
codex (ko'deks), pl. cod'ices [L.]. An authorized 
medicinal formulary; especially the French Phar- 
macopoeia. 
cod-liver oil (kod-liv'er). See oil. 
codol (ko'dol). Same as retinol. 
codrenin (kod-re'nin). A proprietary preparation 
of cocain hydrochlorid, adrenalin chlorid, and 
chloretone dissolved in physiologic salt solution: 
used as a local anesthetic and hemostatic. 
coefficient (ko-ef-ish'ent). In chemistry, a number 
or figure put before a chemic formula to indicate 
how many times the formula is to be multiplied, 
c. of absorption, a number indicating the vol- 
ume of a gas absorbed by a unit volume of a liquid 
at o° C. and a pressure of 760 mm.; called also 
Bunsen c. Amann's c., the normal proportion 
between the quantities of ethereal sulphates and 
the total nitrogen in the urine. It is expressed as 
follows: 
Eth. S. X 100 
IV. Urine 
Ambard's c. See Ambard's formula, under for- 
mula. Baumann's c., the ratio of the ethereal 
to the total sulphates in the urine, biologic c., the 
amount of potential energy consumed by the body 
when at rest. Bouchard's c. 1. The ratio be- 
tween the amount of urine and the total solids of 
the urine. 2. See urotoxic c. Bunsen c., coeffi- 
cient of absorption, c. of conductivity, a num- 
ber indicating the quantity of heat that passes in a 
unit of time through a unit thickness of a substance 
when the difference in temperature is i° C. dis- 
tribution c. Same as partition c. c. of ex- 
pansion, a number indicating the amount a sub- 
stance expands when heated i° C. c. of extinc- 
tion, that dilution of an antibody at which the 
specific activity is no longer manifest. Falta 'sc., 
the percentage of ingested sugar eliminated from 
the system, hygienic laboratory c., a number 
representing the disinfecting value of a substance 
obtained by dividing the weakest solution of the 
disinfectant that will kill typhoid bacilli by the C CELARIUM 
265 
COIN-TEST 
weakest solution of carbolic acid that will kill the 
bacilli in the same length of time, isotonic c., a 
number showing the quantity of salt which should 
be added to distilled water to prevent its destroying 
the erythrocytes when added to blood. Lancet 
c., a number representing the disinfecting value 
of a substance as compared with carbolic acid, 
lethal C., that concentration of a disinfect- 
ant that will kill sporeless bacteria (inferior 
lethal c.) or bacteria spores (superior lethal c.) 
in water at a temperature of 2o°-25° C. in the 
shortest time. Long's c., a figure, 2.6, used 
to obtain the number of grams of solids in 1000 
c.c. of urine by multiplying the last two figures of 
Hie specific gravity.] c. of partage, a number 
indicating th# ratio between the amount of an 
acid absorbed by ether from an aqueous solution 
of the acid and the amount remaining in solution, 
partition c., the proportion of a given substance 
that is distributed between two or more different 
solvents used at the same time. Called also dis- 
tribution c. phenol c. See Rideal-Walker c. 
respiratory c., respiratory quotient. See 
quotient. Rideal-Walker c., a number indicat- 
ing the disinfecting value of a substance; it is the 
quotient obtained by dividing the number repre- 
senting the dilution of a disinfectant which kills an 
organism in a fixed time by the number represent- 
ing the degree of dilution of carbolic acid which 
kills the organism in the same time. Called also 
phenol c. temperature c., the effect of tem- 
perature upon chemical reactions; a number indi- 
cating the change of the reaction velocity constant 
with the temperature. Cf. van't Hoffs law, under 
law. Trapp's c. See Trapp's formula, un- 
der formula, urohemo lytic c., the smallest de- 
gree of dilution necessary to render a specimen of 
urine hemolytic, urotoxic c., a number express- 
ing the toxicity of the urine: it is the quantity 
of urotoxic units produced per unit weight and 
eliminated in unit time (Bouchard), c. of vari- 
ability, the ratio of the standard deviation to 
the mean, velocity c., a number expressing the 
rate of a reaction; the rate of transformation of a 
unit mass of a substance in a chemical reaction. 
Yvon's c., the ratio between the quantity of urea 
and the phosphates of the urine. 
ccelarium, celarium (se-la're-um) L., from Gr. 
koTKos a hollow]. The membrane that lines the 
body-cavity, or coelom: it consists of a parietal 
layer, the exoccelarium, and a visceral layer, or 
endocoelarium. It is also called mesothelium or 
ceelom-e pithelium. 
coelectron (ko-e-lek'tron) [L. con together + 
electron}. The atomic core; the core which, with 
the electron attached, forms an atom of matter. 
coelenteron (se-len'ter-on). Same as archenteron. 
coeliac, etc. For words beginning with cue, see 
those beginning ce. 
coelom, celom (se'lbm) [Gr. Ko'CXwpa., from ko'IXo's 
hollow]. The body-cavity of the embryo, situ- 
ated between the somatopleure and the splanch- 
nopleure: from it arise the principal cavities of 
the trunk. The word is also written cceloma. 
coelothel (se'lo-thel) [Gr. koIXos hollow + S-qXp 
' nipple]. The mesoblastic epithelium lining the 
true body-cavity of the embryo. 
coelozoic (se-lo-zo'ik). See celozoic. 
coenesthesia (sen-es-the'ze-ah). See cenesthesia. 
coenesthopathia (sen-es-tho-path'e-ah). See cenes- 
thopathia. 
coenobium. See cenobium. 
coenurosis (se-nu-ro'sis). Infection of sheep with 
the Coenurus cerebralis. See staggers. 
Coenurus cerebralis (se-nu'rus ser-e-bra'lis) [Gr. 
kolvos common + obpa tail]. The larva of the 
. Tce'nia cafnurus, found in the brain of sheep. 
coenzyme (ko-en'zim). A non-colloidal substance 
which combines with an inactive enzyme to pro- 
duce activation of the enzyme. It differs from 
activators of the inorganic and colloidal variety in 
that its combination with the enzyme is dissociable 
instead of permanent. Called also coferment. 
coetaneous (ko-e-ta'ne-us) [L. co with + cetas age]. 
Having the same age. 
coexcitation (ko-ek-si-ta'shun). Simultaneous ex- 
citation. 
coferment (ko-fer'ment). See coenzyme. 
coffee (kof'e) [L. cof'fea, caf'fea]. The dried seeds 
of Cof'fea arab'icq, a tree believed to have orig- 
inated in Africa, but now growing in nearly all 
tropical regions: the infusion is invigorating, tonic, 
and conservant; it is useful in chronic asthma,, 
headache, and opium-poisoning. 
coffeinism (kof'e-in-izm). A morbid condition 
resulting from excessive use of coffee. 
coffer-dam (kof'er-dam). See dam. 
coffeurin (kof-e-u'rin). A substance said to be 
present in the urine after the free use of coffee. 
coffin-bone (kof'in-bon). The third, or distal,, 
phalanx in the foot of the horse. 
coffin-joint (kof'in-joint). The second interpha- 
langeal joint of the foot of a horse. 
cognac (kbn'yahk). See brandy. 
cognition (kog-nish'un) [L. cogni'tio, from cognos'cere 
to know]. That operation of the mind by which 
we become aware of objects of thought or percep- 
tion. 
cohabitation (ko"hab-it-a'shun) [L. co- together -|- 
habita're to dwell]. The dwelling together of a 
man and woman, with habitual coition, whether 
married or not. 
COH.CC13. Chloral. 
cohesion (ko-he'zhun) [L. cohce'sio, from con to- 
gether + hce'rere to stick]. The force which unites 
the particles of a body. 
cohesive (ko-he'siv). Adhering together. 
C4O6H4K(SbO). Tartar emetic. 
Cohn's test (konz) [Hermann Ludwig Cohn, Ger- 
man oculist, born 1838]. See tests. 
C4O6H4NaK. Potassium and sodium tartrate. 
Cohnheim's areas, field, frog, theory, etc. 
(kon'hlmz) [Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, German 
pathologist, 1839-1884]. See area, field, frog, 
theory, etc. 
Cohnistrep'tothrix isra'eli. Same as Actinom- 
yces bovis. 
cohobation (ko-ho-ba'shun). The repeated dis- 
tilling of a liquid from the same material; redis- 
tillation. 
cohosh (ko-hosh'). A North American (Algonkin) 
name for various medicinal plants, as Acta'a spi- 
ca'ta, or red cohosh; Caulophyl'lum thalictroi'- 
des, or blue cohosh; and Cimicif'uga racemo'sa, or 
black cohosh. 
coil (koil). Anything wound in a spiral, induc- 
tion c., an apparatus for inducing an electric 
current. It consists of a coil of coarse wire (.pri- 
mary coil), which contains an iron core and is 
surrounded by a long coil of fine wire (secondary 
coil). When a galvanic current is passed through 
the primary coil, a faradic current is induced in 
the secondary coil. Leiter's C., a coil of thin 
metal tubing wound round a part of the body, 
through which hot or cold water is passed for the 
purpose of varying the temperature of the part. 
Ruhmkorff c., an induction coil in which the 
secondary coil is not movable. Tesla c., an 
induction coil without an iron core, used for the 
production of a Tesla discharge. 
coin-catcher (koin-katch-er). An instrument for 
catching and removing a coin or similar object 
lodged in the esophagus. 
coin-counting (koin-kown'ting). A movement of 
the tips of the thumb and index-finger over each 
other, seen in paralysis agitans. 
coin-test. See tests. coinosite (koi'no-sit). A free or unfixed commen- 
sal organism. 
coition (ko-ish'un) [L. coi'tio a going together]. 
Sexual commerce; copulation. 
coitophobia (ko"it-o-fo'be-ah) [coitus + Gr. <pbflos 
fear]. Morbid dread of coitus. 
Coitus (ko'it-us) [L.]. Sexual intercourse; copula- 
tion. c.-disease, a venereal disease of horses 
resembling syphilis. 
Coix (ko'iks) [L.; Gr. Koi^ a palm], A genus of grasses. 
C. lac'ryma, an Asiatic species, bears large seeds 
called Job's-tears, which are often strung as beads 
for infants' use in teething: said to be anodyne and 
diuretic. 
coko (ko'ko). A Fijian disease resembling yaws. 
Col. Abbreviation for L. co'la, strain. 
cola (ko'lah). See kola. 
COlalgia (ko-lal'je-ah) [Gr. koXov colon + a\yos 
pain]. Pain in the colon. 
colalin. (ko-lal'in). A yellow powder, slightly solu- 
ble in water, said to represent the active principle 
of bile. It is a mixture of hyoglycocholic and 
hyotaurocholic acids from hog bile: used as a di- 
gestive and intestinal antiseptic and to relieve gall- 
stone colic. Dose, gr. (0.016-0.03 gm.). 
colasaya (ko-las-a'ah). A tonic preparation of 
cola, calisaya bark, cocoa, iron, and phosphates. 
Colat. Abbreviation for L. cola'tus, strained. 
colatein (ko-lah-te'in). A crystalline phenolic 
derivative of kola nut 
eolation (ko-la'shun) [L. cola'tio], The process of 
straining or filtration. 
colatorium (kol-at-o're-um), pl. colato'na [L., 
from cola're to strain], 1. A strainer or colander; a 
sieve. 2. The pituitary body. 
colature (ko'Iat-ur) [L. colatu'ra, from cola're to 
strain], A liquid obtained by straining. 
colauxe (ko-lawks'e) [Gr. koKov colon + in- 
crease]. Dilatation of the colon. 
colchicein (kol-chis-e'in). A crystalline alkaloid, 
aceto-trimethyl-colchicinic acid, C21H23NO6 + 
IH2O, from colchicum by heating with sulphuric 
acid, and more active than colchicin. Hypodermic 
dose.^y -fa gr. (0.0006-0.001 gm.); to be given 
with caution. 
colchicin (kol'chis-in). An alkaloid, C22H25O6N, 
from colchicum. Dose, gr. (0.00066- 
0.0032 gm.). 
Colchicum (kol'che-kum or kol'ke-kum) [LJ. A 
genus of liliaceous plants. The bulb and seed of 
C. autumna'le, a European and Asiatic plant, are 
cathartic, emetic, and locally irritant, and in large 
doses poisonous. They are used in gout, rheu- 
matism, and rheumatic affections, such as tonsilli- 
tis, pharyngitis, etc. Dose of powdered root, 2-8 
gr. (0.13-0.52 gm.); of powdered seeds, 1-5 gr. 
(0.065-0.32 gm.); of fluidextract of seed, 1-5 min. 
(0.06-0.3 c.c.); of tincture of seed, 10-30 min. 
(0.666-2 c.c.); of extract of root, gr. (0.033-0.09 
gm.); of fluidextract of root, 2-5 min. (0.133- 
0.333 c.c.); of wine of root, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 
c.c.). 
colchisal (kol'chis-al). Colchicin salicylate; an 
amorphous yellow powder: a remedy for gout and 
rheumatism. Dose, gr. (0.00065 gm.). 
colcothar (kol'ko-thar) L.]. Fe2Os, redoxidofiron: 
tonic and styptic. 
cold (kold). 1. Privation or relatively low degree of 
heat. 2. A catarrhal or other disorder due to ex- 
posure to cold and wet. 
coldsore (koldsor). Herpes labialis. 
colectomy (ko-lek'to-me) [colon + Gr. eKTopq ex- 
cision], Excision of a portion of the colon. 
coleocele (ko'le-o-sel) [Gr. koXcos sheath + k^Xi? 
hernia]. Vaginal hernia. 
coleocystitis (ko"le-o-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. KoXeos sheath, 
COINOSITE 
266 
vagina + cystitis]. Inflammation of the vagina and 
bladder. 
Coleoptera (ko-le-op'ter-ah) [Gr. koXcos sheath + 
irrepov wing]. An order of insects comprising 
the beetles. 
coleospastia (ko-le-o-spas'te-ah) [Gr. xoXeos sheath 
+ <77raaTia spasm]. Vaginismus. 
coleotomy (ko-le-ot'o-me) [Gr. koXcos sheath + 
rop-q cut]. A cutting operation upon the vagina. 
coles (ko'lez). The penis, c. femini'nus, the 
clitoris. 
Cole's sign (kolz) [Lewis Gregory Cole. New York 
roentgenologist]. See under sign. 
Colet. Abbreviation for L. cole'tur, let it be strained. 
Coley's fluid, toxin (ko'lez) [William B. Coley, 
surgeon in New York, born 1862]. See under fluid. 
colibacillary (ko-li-bas'il-a-re). Produced by the 
Bacillus coli. 
colibacillosis (ko-li-bas-il-o'sis). Infection with 
the Bacillus coli. 
colibacilluria (ko-li-bas-il-u're-ah). Presence of 
the colon bacillus in the urine. 
colibacillus (ko"li-bas-il'us). The Bacillus coli. 
colibacterin (ko-li-bak'ter-in). See bacterial vac- 
cine, under vaccine. 
colic (kol'ik) [Gr. kwXikos]. i. Pertaining to the 
colon. 2. Acute abdominal pain, appendicular 
c. Same as vermicular c. biliary c., parox- 
ysms of pain and other severe symptoms due to 
the passage of gall-stones along the bile-duct. 
Called of'sa hepatic c. bilious C., abdominal pain 
accompanied by the vomiting of bile and the 
passage of bilious stools, copper c., a severe 
colic common among workers in copper, crap- 
ulent C., that which is due to excess in eating 
and drinking. Devonshire c., lead-colic, en- 
demic C., a dangerous form of colic peculiar 
to hot countries, gastric c., gastralgia. he- 
patic C. See biliary c. hill-C., a febrile 
diarrhea prevalent in the hill tracts of India, 
intestinal c., acute abdominal pain, lead- 
er painters' c., that which is due to lead- 
poisoning. meconial c., colic of new-born in- 
fants. menstrual c., severe abdominal pain 
at the menstrual period, mucous c., pseudo- 
membranous C., pseudomembranous enteritis, 
nephritic c., pain in the kidney from either 
stone or acute inflammation, ovarian c., 
ovarian pain from disease of the organ, paint- 
ers' c. See lead-c. pancreatic c., abdominal 
pain caused by obstruction of the excretory duct 
of the pancreas. Poitou c., lead-colic, renal 
C., pain produced by the passage of stone along 
the ureter, saburral C., colic from intestinal 
indigestion, sailors' C., a painful colic prevalent 
among marines, salivary C., pain in the region of 
the salivary gland occurring in cases of salivary cal- 
culus. sand C., chronic indigestion in horses and 
cattle due to the presence in the stomach or intes- 
tine of sand taken in with food or drink, satur- 
nine c., lead-colic, stercoral c., intestinal colic 
due to accumulation of feces, tubal C., painful 
spasmodic contraction of the fallopian tube, 
uterine c., severe abdominal pain from some uter- 
ine disease or at the menstrual epoch, vermicu- 
lar c., a condition of colic in the vermiform appen- 
dix, occasioned by a catarrhal inflammation result- 
ing from blocking of the outlet of the appendix. 
wind-C., pain in the bowels, due to their disten- 
tion with air or gas. 
colica (kol'ik-ah). Latin for colic, c. dex'tra, the 
right colic artery. See arteries, table of'. c. me'dia, 
the middle colic artery. See arteries, table of. C. 
muco'sa, mucous enteritis, c. pas'sio, colic, 
c. pic'tonum, colic of Poitou; lead-colic, c. 
scorto'rum, severe colicky pain in the region of 
the fallopian tubes; seen in salpingitis, c. sinis'- 
tra, the left colic artery. See arteries, table of. 
colicolitis (ko"le-ko-li'tis). Colitis caused by Bacil- 
lus coli. 
COLICOLITIS colicoplegia (kol"ik-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. kuXikos colic 
+ TcXyaaeiv to strike]. Lead-colic and lead par- 
alysis together. 
colicystitis (ko"le-sis-ti'tis). Cystitis dependent 
upon the presence of the colon bacillus. 
colicystopyelitis (ko-le-sis"to-pi-el-i'tis) [colon + 
Gr. kvotis bladder + vrueXos pelvis]. Inflam- 
mation of bladder and kidney pelvis due to the 
colon bacillus. 
coliform (kol'if-orm) [L. co'lum a sieve]. 1. Cribri- 
form. 2. Resembling the Bacillus coli. 
coli-group. A group of bacteria, including the 
Bacillus coli, the paracolon bacillus, typhoid bacil- 
lus, paratyphoid bacillus, and bacillus of psittacosis. 
colilysin (ko-lil'is-in). A lysin formed by Bacillus 
coli. 
coliplication (ko-lip-lik-a'shun). Coloplication. 
colipuncture (ko'le-punkt-ur). Colocentesis. 
colipyelitis (ko"le-pi-el-i'tis). Pyelitis due to the 
Bacillus coli. 
colisepsis (ko-le-sep'sis). Infection with Bacillus 
coli. 
Colitis (ko-li'tis). Inflammation of the colon, 
amebic c., colitis due to Amceba coli. mucous 
C., a chronic disease, affecting chiefly neurotic 
subjects, characterized by the excessive secretion 
of mucus in the colon and marked by colic, con- 
stipation, or diarrhea, and the passage of mucus 
and membranous shreds. Called also mucous colic, 
myxomembranous colitis, mucocolitis, membranous 
enteritis, colic or intestinal myxoneurosis, and tubular 
diarrhea, myxomembranous c. See mucous c. 
colitoxemia (ko-le-toks-e'me-ah). Toxemia due 
to infection with the colon bacillus. 
coliuria (ko-le-u're-ah). Presence of the Bacillus 
coli in the urine. 
collsemia (kol-e'me-ah). Colemi?.. 
collsetina (kol-et'in-ah). A proprietary adhesive 
plaster containing lanolin and caoutchouc. 
collagen (kol'aj-en) [Gr. KoXXa glue + yevvav to 
produce]. The main organic constituent of con- 
nective tissue and of the organic substance of the 
bones: changeable by boiling into glue or gelatin. 
collagenic (kol-a-jen'ik). Forming or producing 
collagen. 
collapse (kol-aps') [L. collap'sus]. 1. A state of 
extreme prostration and depression, with failure 
of circulation. 2. Abnormal falling in of the walls 
of any part or organ, c. of the lung, an airless 
or fetal state of all or a part of a lung. 
Collar, Casal's. A band-like arc of pellagrous 
eruption about the neck. c. of Stokes, an 
edematous thickening of the neck and soft parts 
of the thorax associated with dilatation of the 
veins from the neck to the diaphragm, seen in 
cases of obstruction of the superior vena cava. 
collar-bone (kol'ar-bon). The clavicle. 
collar-crown (kol'ar-krown). In dentistry, a form 
of collar for an artificial tooth which is fastened to 
a natural root. 
coilargol, collargolum (kol-aFgol, kol-ar-go'- 
lum). A form of colloidal silver, soluble in water 
and in albuminous fluids: it is a germicide and 
antiseptic, and is used in gonorrheal ophthalmia, 
etc. 
collateral (kol-at'er-al) [L. con together + la'tus 
side]. 1. Not direct or immediate; secondary or 
accessory. 2. Same as paraxon. 
collaurum (kol-aw'rum). A form of colloidal gold, 
collemia, collsemia (kol-e'me-ah) [Gr. sbWa glue 
+ al/aa blood]. A glutinous or viscid condition 
of the blood. 
Colles' fascia, fracture, law, etc. (kol'ez) 
[Abraham Colles, an Irish surgeon, 1773-1843]. 
See fascia, fracture, law, etc. 
Colles-Baumes law (kol'ez-bo-maz'). Colles' law. 
colliculectomy (koi ik-u-lek'to-me) [colliculus + 
COLICOPLEGIA 
267 
Gr. eKro/ar) excision]. The operation of excising 
the colliculus seminalis. 
colliculitis (kol-ik-u-li'tis). Urethral inflammation 
about the colliculus or verumontanum. 
colliculus (kol-ik'u-lus) [L. collic'ulus mound], A 
small elevation, c. facia'lis, a thickening of the 
medial eminence above the medullary strias in the 
rhomboid fossa, caused by the internal genu of the 
facial nerve, inferior c., c. infe'rior [B N A], 
the posterior pair of corpora quadrigemina. C. 
seminalis [B N A], the verumontanum. su- 
perior c., c. supe'rior ]B N A], the anterior 
larger pair of corpora quadrigemina. 
COllidin (kol'id-in) [Gr. «6XXa glue], i. An oily base 
or ptomain, C8HUN, from decaying animal mat- 
ter: probably poisonous. 2. Any member of the 
group of which the normal collidin is the type, 
aldehyd c., a collidin obtained by the distilla- 
tion of aldehyd. 
colliform (kol'if-orm). A proprietary wound-dress- 
ing material containing formaldehyd and gelatin. 
colligamen (kol-ig-a'men) [LJ. A form of medi- 
cated surgical bandage. 
Collinsonia (kol-in-so'ne-ah) [after Peter Collin- 
son, 1694-1768]. A genus of labiate herbs. C. 
canaden'sis, stone-root or richweed, is tonic and 
diuretic. Dose of herb (in decoction), 15-60 gr. 
(1-4 gm.); of fluidextract, 10-40 min. (0.65-2.5 
c.c.); of tincture, £-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.). 
collinsonin (kol-in-so'nin). A dry preparation of 
Collinso'nia canaden'sis: diuretic and diaphoretic. 
Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133-0.266 gm.). 
colliquation (kol-ik-wa'shun) [L. con together + 
liqua're to melt]. Liquefactive degeneration, bal- 
looning C., liquefaction of cell protoplasm at- 
tended by edematous swelling, reticulating c., 
liquefaction of cell protoplasm with the formation 
of reticulations. 
colliquative (kol-ik'wah-tiv) [L. con together + 
liqua're to melt]. 1. Characterized by an excessive 
fluid discharge. 2. Marked by liquefaction of 
tissues. 
collobiase (kol-o-bi'as). A turpentine preparation 
in colloidal form for intravenous or intramuscular 
injection. 
collochemistry (kol-o-kem'is-tre). The chem- 
istry of colloids. 
collodion (kol-o'de-on) [L. collo'dium, from Gr. 
koXXwStjs glutinous]. A solution of gun-cotton in 
ether and alcohol. It is a syrupy liquid, evapor- 
ating to form a contractile film: used as a protec- 
tive covering for wounds, burns, ulcers, etc. For 
varieties, see collodium. blistering c. Same as 
coilodium cantharidatum. flexible c. See coi- 
lodium flexile, hemostatic c. See collodium 
slypticum. 
collodium (kol-o'de-um) [L.]. Collodion. c. 
cantharida'tum, cantharidal collodion: a vesi- 
cant preparation composed of flexible collodion, 
cantharides, and chloroform, c. flex'ile, flexible 
collodion: collodion charged with 5 per cent, of 
Canada turpentine and 3 per cent, of castor oil: 
less fragile after drying than ordinary collodion. C. 
ioda'tum, iodized collodion: a collodion charged 
with iodin: a resolvent for application to tumors, 
etc. c. salicyla'tum compos'itum, collodion 
with 2 per cent, of extract of cannabis indica, 10 
per cent, of alcohol, and 11 per cent, of salicylic 
acid: useful in treating corns and bunions. C. 
styp'ticum, styptic collodion: collodion pre- 
pared with tannic acid, ether, and alcohol: an as- 
tringent for external use. 
colloid (kol'oid) [Gr. koXXwStjs glutinous]. 1. Glu- 
tinous or resembling glue. 2. A state of matter in 
which a substance finely divided into particles 
larger than one molecule is suspended in another 
substance. The suspended particles are called the 
dispersed or internal phase; the substance in which 
they are suspended is called the continuous or ex- 
ternal phase. The colloids are slowly diffusible 
COLLOID COLLOIDAL 
268 
COLON 
rather than soluble in water and do not pass 
through animal membranes. 3. The translucent, 
yellowish, gelatinous substance resulting from 
colloid degeneration, amyl c., anodyne c., a 
local anodyne preparation containing j ounce 
each of amyl hydrid and absolute alcohol, 1 gr. 
aconitin, 6 gr. veratrin, and 2 oz. of collodion, 
bovine c. See conglutinin. dispersion c. 
Same as dispersoid, emulsion c., a colloid solu- 
tion in which the matter is in the form of extremely 
small particles, which absorb some of the liquids in 
which they are suspended. Called also emulsoid 
and hydrophil colloid, hydrophil c. See emul- 
sion c. hydrophobic c. Same as dispersoid. 
irreversible c., a colloid which cannot be dis- 
persed in water after once having been precipitated, 
lyophilic c., emulsion colloid, lyophobic c., 
suspension colloid, lyotropic c., emulsion col- 
loid. protective c., one which is able to prevent 
the precipitation of suspension colloids, rever- 
sible C., a colloid which can be dispersed in water 
after having been precipitated, stable c., re- 
versible colloid, styptic c. Same as collodium 
stypticum. suspension c., a colloid solution in 
which the particles are solid and are merely sus- 
pended in the fluid. Called also suspensoid. 
colloidal (kol-oi'dal). Of the nature of a colloid. 
colloidin (kol-oi'din). A jelly-like substance, 
C9H15NO6, one of the products of colloid degen- 
eration. 
colloidoclasia, colloidoclasis (kol-oi-do-kla'se- 
ah, kol-oi-do-kla'sis) [colloid + Gr. kXclovs breaking 
up]. A breaking up of the physical equilibrium of 
the colloids of the body, producing an anaphylac- 
toid crisis (colloidoclastic shock) attributed to ab- 
sorption into the blood of unchanged colloids. 
colloidogen (kol-oi'do-jen). A substance assumed 
to be present in the body for the purpose of keeping 
the inorganic elements of the body in a colloid 
solution. 
colloidopexy (kol-oi'do-pek-se) [Gr. KoXXwbip glu- 
tinous + TTTjyvvvaL to fix]. Metabolic fixation of 
colloids within the organism, a function ascribed 
to the liver. 
co Homa (kol-o'mah) [Gr. «6XXa glue + -opa tumor]. 
A colloid cancer; carcinoma whose degenerated 
substance has assumed a glue-like character. 
collonema (kol-o-ne'mah) [Gr. koXXo. glue]. A 
tumor produced by the diffuse mucinous degenera- 
tion of a lipoma (Muller). 
collopexia (kol-o-peks'e-ah) [L. col'lum neck + Gr. 
fixing]. The surgical fixation of the uterine 
neck. 
collosin (kol'o-sin). A compound of collodion and 
traumaticin: used in skin diseases. 
collosol (kol'o-sol). A proprietary colloidal solu- 
tion of a drug, such as silver (c. argen'tum) or of 
mercury (c. hydrargyra'tum): used as anti- 
septics. 
Collosphseria (kol-o-sfe're-ah) [Gr. koXXo. glue 
+ a<paipa ball]. A genus of schizomycetes com- 
posed of cylindric cells in glairy fomites, divided 
by constriction and forming a curved surface. 
collo thiol (kol-o-thi'ol). A proprietary colloidal 
solution of sulphur. 
COlloxylin (kol-oks'il-in) [Gr. koXXo glue + gvXivos 
woody]. A variety of soluble gun-cotton, or 
pyroxylin. 
Collum (kol'um), pl. col'la [L.]. The neck; also 
any neck-like part or structure, c. anatom'- 
icum. See anatomic neck, under neck. c. chi- 
rur'gicum, the surgical neck of a bone. c. 
cos'tae [B N A], the neck of a rib. c. den'tis 
[B N A], the neck of a tooth, c. distor'tum, 
torticollis, c. fem'oris [B N A], the neck of the 
femur, c. glan'dis [B N A], the neck of the 
glans penis, c. radii [BNA], the neck of the 
radius, c. scap'ulae [BNA], the neck of the 
scapula, c. ta'li [B N A], the constriction be- 
tween the head and body of the astragalus, c. 
val'gum. Same as coxa valga. c. vesi'cae fel'- 
leae [B N A], the neck of the gall-bladder. 
Collut. Abbreviation for L. colluto'rium, a mouth- 
wash. 
collutory (kol'u-to-re) [L. colluto'rium]. A wash; 
chiefly a mouth-wash or gargle. 
Collyr. Abbreviation for L. colly'rium, an eye-wash, 
collyrium (kol-ir'e-um), pl. colly'ria [L.; Gr. 
KoXXvptov eye-salve]. A lotion for the eyes; an 
eye-wash. Beer's c., lead acetate, rose water, 
and spirit of rosemary. 
coloboma (kol-o-bo'mah), pl. colobo'mata [L.; Gr. 
KoXb^oipa]. A mutilation or defect; especially a 
congenital fissure of any part of the eye. bridge 
C., a variety of coloboma of the iris in which a 
strip of iris tissue bridges over the fissure, 
c. of choroid, fissure in the choroid coat due to 
persistence of a fetal fissure and causing a scotoma 
on the retina. Fuchs' c., a small, crescent- 
shaped defect of the choroid, at the lower edge of 
the optic disk. C. i'ridis, a fissure of the iris, 
usually of the lower portion. C. lob'uli, a con- 
genital fissure of the ear-lobe. c. palpebra'le, 
a vertical fissure of the eyelids. 
colocentesis (ko"lo-sen-te/sis) [Gr. koXov colon 
+ Kevrqats puncture]. Puncture of the colon, 
mostly for the purpose of relieving its distention 
with air or gases. 
colocholecystostomy (ko"lo-ko"le-sis-tos'to-me). 
Same as cholecystocololomy. 
coloclysis (ko-lok'lis-is) [Gr. koXov colon + kXvols 
injection]. Irrigation of the colon. 
coloclyster (ko-lo-klis'ter). An enema thrown 
into the rectum. 
colocolic (ko-lo-kol'ik). Relating to two portions 
of the colon. 
colocolostomy (ko"lo-ko-los'to-me) [colon + co- 
lostomy]. The operation of forming an anasto- 
mosis between two portions of the colon. 
colocynth (kol'o-sinth) [L. colocyn'this; Gr. koXo- 
KwOrj]. The fruit of Citrul'lus colocyn'this: its 
pulp is a poisonous hydragogue cathartic, and is 
used as an ingredient in cathartic pills. Dose of 
extract, ^-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 gm.), compound, 
extract of c., contains extract of colocynth (16 
parts), aloes (50 parts), cardamom (6 parts), alcohol 
(10 parts), soap (14 parts), and resin of scammony 
(14 parts). Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.32-1.3 gm.). 
colocynthidism (kol-o-sin'thid-izm). Poisoning 
by colocynth. 
colocynthin (kol-o-sin'thin). A bitter, purgative 
glucosid, CsgHgiOjs, from colocynth. Dose, 
| gr. (0.003-0.013 gm.). 
colocynthis (kol-o-sin'this), gen. colocyn'thidis. See 
colocynth. 
colodyspepsia (ko"!o-dis-pep'se-ah). Dyspepsia 
due to reflex disturbance set up by the constipated 
colon. 
colo-enteritis (ko"lo-en-ter-i'tis) [colitis + enter- 
itis]. Inflammation of the small intestine and 
colon. 
Cologne water (kol-on'). See under water. 
colohepatopexy (ko"lo-hep'a-to-peks-e) [Gr. koXov 
colon + f)irap liver + irrj^is fixation]. The suturing 
of the colon to the liver to take the place of ad- 
hesions between the liver and the stomach which, 
form after gall-stone operations. 
Colomba (ko-lom'bah). Same as calumba. 
colon (ko'lon) [L.; Gr. koXov, kwAoj']. That part of 
the large intestine which extends from the cecum 
to the rectum, ascending c., the portion of the 
colon on the right side, going cephalad from the 
cecum, descending c., a part of the colon on 
the left side, between the transverse colon and the 
sigmoid flexure, giant C., abnormally large 
size of the colon. See megacolon, iliac c., the COLONALGIA 
269 
COLPOCYSTOSYRINX 
part,of the sigmoid flexure of the colon which is 
situated in the left iliac fossa, pelvic C., that part 
of the sigmoid flexure which is situated in the pelvis, 
sigmoid c. [BN A], the sigmoid flexure of the 
colon. See under flexure, transverse C., that 
part which runs transversely across the upper part 
of the abdomen from right to left. 
colonalgia (ko-lon-al'je-ah) [colon 4- Gr. aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the colon. 
colonic (ko-lon'ik). Pertaining to the colon. 
colonitis (ko-lo-ni'tis). Inflammation of the colon; 
colitis. 
colonization (kol-o-niz-a'shun). See innidiation. 
colonometer (kol-on-om'et-er) [colony 4- Gr. 
per poo measure]. An apparatus for counting the 
colonies of bacteria on a culture-plate. 
colonopathy (ko-lon-op'ath-e) [colon 4- Gr. irados 
disease]. Any disease or disorder of the colon. 
colonopexy (ko-lon'o-pek-se). Same as colopexy. 
colonoscope (ko-lon'os-kop) [Gr. koXov colon 4- 
(TKoireiv to view]. A speculum for examining the 
lower part of the bowel. 
colonoscopy (ko-lon-os'ko-pe). Examination of the 
rectum with the colonoscope. 
colony (kol'o-ne) [L. colo'nia]. A collection or group 
of bacteria in a culture derived from the increase 
of a single organism. 
colopexia, colopexy (ko-lo-pek'se-ah, kol'o-pek-se) 
[Gr. koXov colon 4- iritis fixation]. Fixation of 
the sigmoid flexure to the abdominal wall by 
suturation. 
colopexostomy (ko-lo-peks-os'to-me) [Gr. koXov 
colon 4- irij^is fixation 4- aropa mouth]. Resec- 
tion of the colon with cecostomy or appendicos- 
tomy. 
colopexotomy (ko"lo-peks-ot'o-me) [Gr. koXov 
colon 4- tt^ls fixation 4- to pi] a cutting]. Fixa- 
tion and incision of the colon. 
colopexy (ko'lo-pek-se). See colopexia. 
colophene (kol'o-fen). A colorless hydrocarbon, 
C2oH32, derivable from turpentine. 
colophony (ko-lof'o-ne) [L. colopho'nia; Gr. KoXo- 
<puv, Colophon, a city of Asia Minor]. Common 
resin, or rosin, derived from various species of pine, 
coloplication (ko-lo-pli-ka'shun) [L. co'lon colon 
4- pli'ca fold]. The operation of unfolding or 
taking a reef in the colon in cases of dilatation. 
coloproctia (ko-lo-prok'she-ah) [Gr. koXov colon 4- 
irpuKTos anus]. Same as colostomy. 
coloproctitis (ko"lo-prok-ti'tis). Inflammation of 
the colon and rectum. 
coloproctostomy (ko"lo-prok-tos'to-me) [colon 4- 
Gr. irpwKTos anus 4- aropa mouth], Colorectos- 
tomy. 
coloptosis (ko-lop-to'sis) [Gr. koXov colon 4- irTuais 
fall]. Prolapse or falling of the colon. 
colopuncture (ko'lo-punk-tur). Same as colo- 
centesis. 
Color. Abbreviation for L. colore'tur, let it be col- 
ored. 
•color (kul'or) [L. co'lor, co'los]. The tint or hue of 
any object, c.-blindness (Dalton, 1794), dimin- 
ished ability to perceive differences of color, seldom 
or perhaps never amounting to a complete disabil- 
ity. c.-b., amnesic, inability to recognize or to 
name a color, although it is correctly perceived, 
complementary c's, two colors which produce 
white light when mixed together, confusion c., a 
■color which appears the same as some other color to 
a color-blind person, c.-gustation. See pseudo- 
geusesthesia. c.-hearing. See pseudochromes- 
thesia. incidental c., the impression of a color 
which is retained by the retina after the object 
causing it has been removed, saturated c., a 
spectrum color which cannot be further decom- 
posed. 
■colorectitis (ko"lo-rek-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
colon and rectum together. 
colorectostomy (ko"Io-rek-tos'to-me) [colon 4- 
rectum + Gr. oro/za mouth]. .The surgical for- 
mation of a new passage between the colon and 
the rectum. 
colorimeter (kul-or-im'et-er) [color + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring color; 
especially one for measuring the color of the blood 
in order to determine the proportion of hemo- 
globin. 
colostomy (ko-los'to-me) [Gr. koXov colon + aropa 
mouth]. The formation of a permanent artificial 
opening (artificial anus) into the colon. 
colostration (ko-los-tra'shun) [L. colostra'tio\. 
Illness of a new-born infant caused by the colos- 
trum. 
colostric (ko-los'trik). Pertaining to colostrum. 
colostrorrhea (ko-los-tro-re'ah) [L. colostrum 4- 
Gr. poLa flow]. Spontaneous discharge of colos- 
trum. 
colostrous (ko-los'trus) [L. colostra'sus]. Con- 
taining or filled with colostrum. 
colostrum (ko-los'trum) [L.]. The first fluid se- 
creted by the mammary gland after delivery. It 
contains less casein and more albumin than ordi- 
nary milk, as well as numerous fatty globules 
[colostrum corpuscles). 
colotomy (ko-lot'o-me) [Gr. koXov colon 4- ropn a 
cutting]. The creation of an artificial opening 
into the colon: variously distinguished as abdom- 
inal, iliac, inguinal, lateral, or lumbar, according 
to the location of the opening. Littre's c., in- 
guinal colotomy. 
colotyphoid (ko-lo-ti'foid). Typhoid in which 
there is follicular ulceration of the colon, with 
extensive lesions in the small intestine. 
colpalgia (kol-pal'je-ah) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
iiXyos pain]. Pain in the vagina. 
colpatresia (kol-pat-re'ze-ah) [Gr. koXttos va- 
gina + atresia]. Atresia or occlusion of the 
vagina. 
colpectasia, colpectasis (kol-pek-ta'se-ah, kol- 
pek'tas-is) [Gr. koXttos vagina + tKraais disten- 
tion], Distention or dilatation of the vagina. 
colpeurynter (kol'pu-rin-ter) [Gr. koXitos vagina 
+ evpvveiv to dilate]. A dilatable bag, used to 
distend the vagina. 
colpeurysis (kol-pu'ris-is) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
evpbvav to widen]. Operative dilatation of the 
vagina. 
colpismus (kol-piz'mus) [Gr. koXttos vagina]. 
Vaginitis. 
colpitis (kol-pi'tis) [Gr. koXttos vagina]. Inflamma- 
tion of the vagina, c. emphysemato'sa, col- 
pitis characterized by the formation of small blebs 
on the mucous membrane, c. granulo'sa. See 
vaginitis verrucosa, c. mycot'ica, colpitis due to 
the presence of molds, such as Oidium. 
colpocele (kol'po-sel) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- K^Xy 
hernia]. Hernia into the vagina. 
colpoceliotomy (kol"po-se-le-ot'o-me) [Gr. koXttos 
vagina + KoiXla belly + ropy cut]. Incision into 
the abdomen through the vagina. 
colpocleisis (kol-po-kli'sis) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4" 
KXeiais closure]. Surgical closure of the vaginal 
canal. 
colpocystitis (kol"po-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. koXitos vagina 
4- Kvaris bladder 4- ms inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the vagina and of the bladder. 
colpocystocele (kol-po-sis'to-sel) [Gr. koXitos va- 
gina + kvotls bladder + Kr/Xr/ hernia]. Hernia 
of the bladder into the vagina, of which the ante- 
rior wall becomes prolapsed. 
colpocystoplasty (kol"po-sis'to-plas-te) [Gr. 
koXitos vagina + kvcttis bladder + TrXaacreiv to 
form]. Plastic operation for the repair of the vesico- 
vaginal wall. 
colpocystosyrinx (kol"po-sis-to-si'rinks) [Gr. 
koXttos vagina + kvotis bladder 4- avpiy^ fistula]. 
Vesicovaginal fistula. COLPOCYSTOTOMY 
270 
COLUMN 
colpocystotomy (kol"po-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. koXitos 
vagina 4- kvotls bladder 4- ropr/ a cutting]. In- 
cision of the bladder through the vaginal wall. 
colpocysto-ureterocystotomy (kol-po-sis"to-u- 
re"ter-o-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- kvotis 
bladder 4- ovp-qrrip ureter 4- cystotomy]. The oper- 
ation of exposing the ureteral orifices by incising 
the walls of the bladder and vagina. 
Colpoda cucullus (kol-po'dah ku-kul'us). An 
infusorian parasite found in 1899 by Schulz in the 
feces of a man suffering from diarrhea. 
colpodesmorrhaphia (kol"po-des-mor-a'fe-ah) 
[Gr. koXttos vagina 4* bwpbs band 4- paipn suture]. 
The suturation of a ruptured sphincter vagina. 
colpodesmorrhaphy (kol"po-des-mor'af-e). Col- 
podesmorrhaphia. 
colpodynia (kol-pc-din'e-ah) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
65vvi) pain]. Pain in the vagina. 
colpohyperplasia (kol"po-hi-per-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. 
koXttos vagina 4- hyperplasia]. Excessive growth 
of the mucous membrane and wall of the vagina, 
c. cys'tica, a variety characterized by the pres- 
ence of gas-cysts, due to a bacillus. 
colpohysterectomy (kol"po-his-ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. 
koXttos vagina 4- hysterectomy]. Surgical removal 
of the uterus by a vaginal operation. 
colpohysteropexy (kol-po-his'ter-o-peks-e) [Gr. 
koXttos vagina 4- vorepa uterus 4- rrfj^is fixation]. 
Vaginal hysteropexy. 
colpohysterorrhaphy (kol"po-his-ter-or'af-e) [Gr. 
koXttos vagina 4- varepa uterus 4- pa^r] suture]. 
Vaginal hysteropexy. 
colpohysterotomy (kol"po-his-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
koXttos vagina 4- hysterotomy]. Surgical incision 
of the vagina and uterus. 
colpomycosis (kol"po-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. koXttos 
vagina 4- pvKrjs fungus]. Colpitis mycotica. 
colpomyomectomy (kol"po-mi-o-mek'to-me) [Gr. 
koXttos vagina 4* myomectomy]. Myomectomy 
performed by vaginal incision. 
colpomyomotomy (kol"po-mi-o-mot'o-me). Col- 
pomyomectomy. 
colpomyotomy (kol"po-mi-ot'o-me) [Gr. koXitos 
vagina 4- myotomy]. Excision of a myoma of 
the uterus through the vagina. 
colpoparovariocystectomy (kol"po-par-o-va"- 
re-o-sis-tek'to-me) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- parova- 
rium 4- cystectomy]. Excision of a cystic tumor 
of the parovarium through the vagina. 
colpopathy (kol-pop'ath-e) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
iraOos disease]. Any vaginal disease. 
colpoperineoplasty (kol"po-per-in-e'o-plas-te) 
[Gr. koXttos vagina 4- rrepiveov perineum 4- TrXda- 
oeip to form]. Plastic surgery of the vagina and 
perineum. 
colpoperineorrhaphy (kol"po-per"in-e-or'a-fe) 
[Gr. koXttos vagina + ireplveov perineum 4* pa<pri 
suture]. Suturation of the ruptured vagina and 
perineum. 
COlpopexy (kol'po-peks-e) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
rrifas fixation]. Suture of a relaxed vagina to 
the abdominal wall. 
colpoplasty (kol'po-plas-te) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
TrXa.craeLV to shape]. Plastic surgery involving 
the vagina. 
colpopolypus (kol-po-pol'ip-us) [Gr. koXttos vagina 
4- polypus]. Polypus of the vagina. 
colpoptosis (kol-pop-to'sis) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
■kt&chs prolapse]. Prolapse or falling of the 
vagina. 
colporectopexy (kol-po-rek'to-pek-se) [Gr. koXttos 
vagina 4* rectum 4- Gr. iritis fixation]. The opera- 
tion of suturing a prolapsed rectum to the vaginal 
wall. 
colporrhagia (kol-por-a'je-ah) [Gr. koXttos vagina 
4* prjyvvvai to burst out]. Vaginal hemorrhage. 
colporrhaphy (kol-por'ah-fe) [Gr. koXttos vagina 
+ pa-^ stitch]. The operation of denuding and 
suturing the vaginal wall for the purpose of nar- 
rowing the vagina. 
colporrhexis (kol-po-rek'sis) [Gr. koXttos vagina 
+ rupture]. Laceration of the vagina. 
colposcope (kol'po-skop) [Gr. koXttos vagina + 
akottelf to view]. An instrument for inspecting 
the vagina. 
colpospasm, colpospasmus (kol'po-spazm, 
kol-po-spaz'mus) [Gr. koXttos vagina + arraopos 
spasm]. Vaginal spasm. 
colpostenosis (kol"po-sten-o'sis) [Gr. koXttos va- 
gina 4- arevwoLS stricture]. Contraction or nar- 
rowing of the vagina. 
colpostenotomy (kol"po-sten-ot'o-me) [Gr. koXttos 
vagina + arevuaLS stricture 4- ropf) a cutting]. A 
cutting operation for stricture or atresia of the 
vagina. 
colpotherm (kol'po-therm) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
Otppi) heat]. An electric apparatus for applying 
heat within the vagina. 
colpotomy (kol-pot'o-me) [Gr. koXttos vagina 4- 
repveiv to cut]. Any surgical cutting operation 
upon the vagina. 
colpo-ureterocystotomy (kol"po-u-re"ter-o-sis- 
tot'o-me) [Gr. koXttos vagina -T ureter 4* cystot- 
omy]. The exposure of the orifices of the ure- 
ters by cutting through the walls of the vagina 
and bladder. 
colpo-ureterotomy (kol"po-u-re-ter-ot'o-me). 
Incision of the ureter through the vagina, per- 
formed for the relief of ureteral stricture. 
colpoxerosis (kol-po-ze-ro'sis) [Gr. koXttos vagina 
4- dryness]. Abnormal dryness of the 
vulva and vagina. 
COlt-ill (kolt-il). An infectious catarrhal fever of 
young horses. See strangles. 
coltsfoot (kolts'fut). See Tussilago. 
columbin (ko-lum'bin). An active principle from 
calumba; calumbin. 
columbium (ko-lum'be-um). A hypothetized ele- 
ment in the mineral samarskite, having an atomic 
weight of 93.1. Its symbol is Cb. It is also called 
niobium. 
columbo (ko-lum'bo). See calumba. 
columella (kol-u-mel'ah) [LJ. 1. A little column. 
2. In molds, the central axis of the spore-case, 
around which the spores are arranged. C. coch'- 
lese, the modiolus of the cochlea, c. for'nicis, 
the anterior pillars of the fornix, c. na'si, the 
septum of the nose. 
column (kol'um) [L. colum'na], A pillar or pillar- 
like part, c's of abdominal ring, thickened 
fibers of the aponeurosis of the external oblique 
muscle around the external abdominal ring, 
anterior c., a layer of white matter on either 
half of the spinal cord between the ventral horn 
and the anterior median fissure, anterolateral 
c., white matter between the anterior median 
fissure and the dorsal horn of gray matter of the 
spinal cord, c's of Bertin (colum'nce bertin'i), 
inward extensions of the cortical structure of the 
kidney, between the malpighian pyramids. C. 
of Burdach, the postero-external column. 
Clarke's c., a tract of nerve-cells occupying 
the inner angle of the dorsal horn of gray matter 
of the spinal cord, direct cerebellar c., a 
tract outside of the lateral pyramidal tract, dor- 
sal c. Same as posterior c. enamel-c., any 
member of the series of fibers which make up the 
enamel of a tooth. Called also enamel-rod. fat- 
e's [L. colum'nce adipo'sce], columns of fatty tissue 
extending from the cutaneous connective tissue 
to the hair-follicles and sweat-glands. Flechsig ' s 
c., Flechsig's tract. See tract, c. of Goll, 
the posteromedian column of the spinal cord, 
c. of Gowers, a mass of fibers in front of the di- 
rect cerebellar tract, lateral c., a layer of white COLUMNA 
271 
COMMISSURA 
matter in either half of the spinal cord between 
the posterior horn and nerve-roots and the anterior 
horn and nerve-roots, c. of Lissauer, a slender 
column of white matter between the posterior cornu 
and the periphery of the spinal cord. Its fibers 
arise from the spinal ganglia to pass to higher 
levels of the cord, mixed lateral c., the 
internal part of the lateral column next the gray 
substance, c's of Morgagni, folds of mucous 
membrane at the anal termination of the rectum, 
muscle-c., a bundle of muscle-rods or caskets 
filling a muscle compartment, positive c., a 
pinkish stream of light seen when a current of high 
potential is passed through a tube from which the 
air has been partly exhausted, posterior c., a 
mass of white matter in the spinal cord on either 
side between the posterior horn and the posterior 
median fissure, postero-external c., the outer 
and wider portion of the posterior column of the 
spinal cord, posteromedian c., the middle por- 
tion of the dorsal column of the spinal cord, 
posterovesicular c., the column of Clarke. 
Rathke's c's, two cartilages at the anterior end 
of the notochord, rectal c's. Same as c's of Mor- 
gagni. respiratory c., the solitary fasciculus, c. 
of Rolando, an eminence on the lateral edge of 
the oblongata, c. of Sertoli, an elongated susten- 
tacular cell in the parietal layer of the seminifer- 
ous tubules, holding together the spermatogenic 
cells, spinal c., the backbone formed by the 
assemblage of the vertebrae, c. of Spitzka- 
Lissauer, a group of nerve-fibers of the cord 
in front of and behind the posterior cornua. 
Stilling's c. Same as Clarke's c. Turek's 
C. 1. The anterior pyramidal tract. 2. The 
sensory bundles occupying the outer part of 
the crusta of the cerebral peduncle, c's of 
the vagina. See column# vagina. ventral 
C. Same as anterior c. vertebral c. See 
spinal c. vesicular c., a column of nerve-cells 
in the dorsal gray horn of the spinal cord. 
columna (ko-lum'nah), pl. colum'nce [L.]. A col- 
umn or pillar, c. anteTior [B N A], anterior 
column, c. adipo'sae. See fat-columns, under 
column, c. car'neae [L. "fleshy columns"], mus- 
cular projections inside the ventricles of the heart, 
c. extremita'tis inferio'ris, a column of inter- 
calated nuclei in the lumbar enlargement of the 
ventral cornu of the spinal cord. c. extremita'- 
tis superio'ris, a column of intercalated nuclei 
in the cervical enlargement of the ventral cornu of 
the spinal cord. c. for'nicis [BNA], the crura 
of the cerebral fornix, c. intermediolatera'lis, 
a longitudinal column of motor cells in the ventral 
born of the spinal cord. c. latera'lis [B N A], 
lateral column, c. media'lis. Same as c. inter- 
mediolateralis. c. poste'rior [B N A], the pos- 
terior column, colum'nae recta'les, the columns 
of Morgagni, colum'nse rena'les [berti'ni]. 
See columns of Bertin, colum'nae ruga'rum, 
c. ruga'rum vagi nae [B N A], the folds on the 
internal surface of the vagina, colum'nae va- 
gi'nae, the longitudinal ridges along the walls 
or inner surface of the vagina, c. vertebra'lis, 
the vertebral column. 
columnella (kol-um-nel'ah) [L.]. Same as col- 
umella. 
columning, columnization (kol'um-ing, kol'um- 
iz-a-shun). The supporting of the prolapsed uterus 
with tampons. 
colyone (ko'le-bn) [Gr. Ku\vei.v to hinder], A 
substance produced in an organ which, being car- 
ried to other organs by the blood-stream, produces 
in the latter a diminution or inhibition of function. 
Cf. hormone. 
colyonic (ko-le-on'ik). Having the inhibitory effect 
of a colyone. 
colypeptic (ko-lip-ep'tik). See kolypeptic. 
colyseptic (ko-lis-ep'tik). See kolyseptic. 
colytic (ko-lit'ik) [Gr. Ko\vetv to hinder]. Inhibitory, 
coma (ko'mah) [L.; Gr. Kwpa]. Profound stupor 
occurring in the course of a disease or after se- 
vere injury, alcoholic c., stupor following an 
alcoholic debauch, apoplectic c., the stupor 
which accompanies apoplexy, diabetic c., the 
coma of fatal cases of diabetes. Kussmaul's 
C., the coma and air-hunger of diabetic acetonuria 
(1874). trance-c., lethargic hypnotism, ure- 
mic C., lethargic state due to uremia. C.-vigil, 
stupor with delirium, wakefulness, and semicon- 
sciousness. 
comain (ko'ma-in). A product of the action of 
camphor and iodin on sesame oil: used in tubercu- 
losis. 
comatose (ko'mat-bs). Pertaining to or affected 
with coma. 
comb disease (kom). See under disease. 
Combretum (kom-bre'tum). A genus of tropical 
plants. C. pilo'sum, a shrub from the plains 
district of Cachar: a decoction of the leaves is- 
used as an anthelmintic. C. sundi'acum, the 
jungle plant, a shrub of the Malay States: said to 
be useful as a cure for the opium habit. 
combustion (kom-bust'yun) [L. combus' tio\. Burn- 
ing; rapid oxidation with emission of heat, spon- 
taneous C., the alleged ignition and destruction 
of the living body of an alcoholic subject. 
Comby's sign (kom'bez) [Jules Camby, contempo- 
rary pediatrist in Paris]. See under sign. 
comedo (kom-e'do), pl. comedo'nes. 1. A black- 
head; a plug of dried sebum in an excretory duct 
of the skin, sometimes containing Dem'odexfollicu- 
lo'rum. 2. A skin disease due to the presence of 
comedones. 
comes (ko'mez), pl. com'ites [L. " companion "]. 
An artery or vein which accompanies a nerve- 
trunk. 
comfimeter (kum-fim'et-er). An apparatus devised 
by Leonard Hill to measure the cooling power of 
the atmosphere at body temperature. It is used as 
a guide to keeping comfortable conditions in rooms. 
comfrey (kom'fre). See Symphytum. 
comma-bacillus (kom"ah-bas-il'us) [named from 
its shape]. The spirillum of Asiatic cholera. See 
bacillus. 
comma-tract (kom'ah-trakt). A comma-shaped 
tract in the middle of the dorso-external column 
of the spinal cord. 
commensal (kom-en'sal) [L. com- together + 
men'sa table]. An organism living on or within 
another, but not as a parasite: used also adjec- 
tively. 
commensalism (kom-en'sal-izm). Parasitic asso- 
ciation in which one of the associates is benefited 
without either benefit or injury to the other. 
comminuted (kom'in-u-ted) [L. comminu'tus, from 
com- together + minu'ere to diminish]. Broken 
or crushed into small pieces. 
comminution (kom-in-u'shun) [L. comminu' tio\. 
The act of breaking, or condition of being broken, 
into small fragments. 
commissura (kom-is-u'rah) [L. " a joining to- 
gether," " conjunction "]. That which joins cor- 
responding parts to each other, c. ansa'ta, 
fibers which pass across the optic chiasm between 
the tuber cinereum and the lamina terminalis 
cinerea. c. anteTior al'ba, a layer of white 
matter which conjoins the ventral columns of the 
spinal cord. c. bre'vis, the posterior part of the 
inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum. C. 
cerebel'li, the pons. c. cer'ebri anteTior, 
a round bundle of white fibers in the forepart of 
the third ventricle, in front of the crura of the 
fornix, c. hippocam'pi [B N A]. Same as lyra. 
c. labio'rum o'ris, the corners of the mouth, c. 
labio'rum puden'di, the junction of the labia 
minora. C. mag'na, the corpus callosum, c. 
me'dia [L. "middle commissure"] or c. mol'lis 
[L. "soft commissure"], a soft fascicle of gray 
matter which unites the optic thalami. c. oliva'- COMMISSURAL 
272 
COMPONENT 
rum, the transverse fibers which connect the 
olivary bodies to each other, c. palpebra'rum 
lateralis [B N A], the external canthus of the 
eye. c. palpebra'rum medialis [B N A], the 
internal canthus of the eye. c. poste'rior cine'- 
rea or gris'ea, the "gray commissure" at the 
bottom of the posterior median fissure of the spinal 
cord: it connects the lateral crescents of gray 
matter. 
commissural (kom-is'ur-al). Pertaining to or act- 
ing as a commissure. 
commissure (kom'is-ur) [L. commissu'ra]. The 
tissue which joins corresponding right and left 
parts, mainly of the brain and spinal cord, an- 
sate c. See commissura ansata. arcuate c., 
the inner and upper fibers of the optic tract. 
Called alsoGudden's commissure, basal c. Same 
as Meynert's c. basal gray c., a thin sheet 
of gray matter which closes in the floor of the third 
ventricle. Forel's c., a structure of fibers ex- 
tending across the posterior prefrontal space and 
joining the body of Luys of each side. Gud- 
den's c. See arcuate c. Meynert's c., 
nerve-fibers which extend from the floor of the 
third ventricle through the optic tracts to the 
subthalamic body. optic c., the crossing 
of the two optic nerves, posterior c., the white 
band which joins the optic thalami. spinal C., 
the transverse portion connecting _ the lateral 
halves of the spinal cord, superior c. See 
Meynert's c. Wernekinck's c., a decussation 
within the pons in the middle line between the 
fibers of the tegmentum of the cerebral pedun- 
cles. white c., the anterior commissure of the 
spinal cord. 
commotio (kom-o'she-o) [L. "disturbance"]. A 
concussion; a violent shaking, or the shock which 
results from it. c. cer'ebri, concussion of the 
brain, c. ret'inae, impairment of vision follow- 
ing a blow on or near the eye. c. spina'lis, con- 
cussion of the spine. 
communicans (kom-u'nik-anz) [L. " communi- 
cating "]. A communicating nerve. See table 
of nerves, under nerve. 
communis (kom-u'nis) [L.]. Common; belonging 
to several; also not rare. 
commutator (kom'u-ta-tor). A device for re- 
versing or interrupting electric currents. 
Comp. Abbreviation for L. compos'itus, compound, 
compact (kom-pakt'). Dense; having a dense 
structure. 
comparator (kom'par-a-tor). A simple colorimeter 
consisting of a block of wood with holes in which 
to place the test-tubes which are to be compared, 
and transverse holes through which to view the 
colors. 
comparoscope (kom-par'o-skbp). A device at- 
tached to a microscope for the purpose of comparing 
two slides. 
compatibility (kom-pat-ib-il'it-e) [L. compatib'- 
ilis accordant]. Suitableness for administration 
with another specified medicine. 
compatible (kom-pat'ib-1). Suitable for admin- 
istration along with some other medicine. 
compensation (kom-pen-sa'shun) [L. compensa'- 
tio, from cum together + pens a're to weigh]. The 
counterbalancing of any defect of structure or 
function, broken c., inability of the heart to 
maintain sufficient velocity of the blood through 
the arteries, so that the latter becomes stagnated, 
producing symptoms of stasis. 
compensator (kom'pen-sa-tor). An appliance for 
regulating compensating currents. 
compensatory (kom-pen'sa-to-re). Making good 
a defect or loss; restoring a lost balance. 
complement (kom'ple-ment). A thermolabile, 
ferment-like body existing normally in many 
serums and in cell-protoplasm. The complement 
is the active element in lysis, but can act only in 
conjunction with the amboceptor, which serves 
as an intermediary for fastening the complement 
to the cell on which it acts. The complement is 
made up of two groups, a haptophore group, by which 
it is attached to the complement, and a toxophore or 
zymophore group, which is the active portion of the 
complement. The complement is called also alexin, 
cytase, and end-body. See Ehrlich's side-chain 
theory, under theory, c. deflection, c. devia- 
tion. See deviation of the complement, domi- 
nant c., that one of several complements which 
exerts the specific action, c. fixation. See fix- 
ation of the complement, c. inhibition. See 
inhibition of the complement. 
complemental, complementary (kom-ple-men'- 
tal, kom-ple-men'ta-re) [L. complete to fill]. 
Supplying a defect, or helping to do so; making 
complete; accessory. 
complemented (kom'ple-men-ted). Joined with 
complement so as to be active. 
complementoid (kom-ple-men'toid). A comple- 
ment that has lost its activity, the zymotoxic 
group being destroyed, without affecting its bind- 
ing property with amboceptors. A complementoid 
is produced by heating a complement, and is 
capable of producing an anticomplement when 
injected into serum. 
complementophil (kom-ple-men'to-fil) [L. com- 
plement -|- Gr. <pi\eiv to love]. Possessing an 
affinity for a complement, a term applied to that 
element of the amboceptor which becomes at- 
tached to the complement. See Ehrlich's side- 
chain theory, under theory. 
complex (kom'pleks) [L. complex!us woven together], 
i. Complicated; not simple. 2. The sum or com- 
bination of various things, like or unlike, as, a com- 
plex of symptoms. See syndrome. 3. The Freud- 
ian term for a series of emotionally accentuated 
ideas in a repressed state (Brill). 4. That portion 
of an electrocardiographic tracing which represents 
the systole of an auricle or ventricle, anomalous 
C., an electrocardiographic complex which varies 
from the normal type, auricular c., the P wave 
of the electrocardiogram. See electrocardiogram. 
calcarine c., the hippocampus minor. Electra 
C., a series of symptoms attributed to suppressed 
sexual love of a woman for her father, father c., 
electra complex, mother c., CEdipus' complex. 
(Edipus' c., a series of symptoms attributed to 
suppressed sexual desire of a person for his mother, 
sex C., the correlation between the internal secre- 
tions and the sex functions, urobilin-c., a 
hypothetic substance consisting of a number of 
urobilinogen molecules linked together, which is 
the form in which urobilinogen exists in the blood 
and tissues, ventricular c., the Q, R, S, T, 
waves of the electrocardiogram. See electrocar- 
diogram. 
complexion (kom-plek'shun) [L. complex'io com- 
bination]. 1. Physical constitution or bodily 
habit [old], 2. The color and appearance of the 
skin of the face. 
complexus (kom-pleks'us) [L.]. See table of muscles, 
under muscle. 
complicated (kom'plik-a-ted) [L. complica're to 
infold]. Involved; associated with other injuries, 
lesions, or diseases. 
complication (kom-plik-a'shun) [L. complica'tio, 
from cum together -f- plica're to fold], 1. A dis- 
ease or diseases concurrent with another disease. 
2. The concurrence of two or more diseases in 
the same patient. 
compluetic reaction (kom-plu-et'ik). See under 
reaction. 
component (kom-po'nent). A constituent element 
or part; specifically in neurology, a series of neurons 
forming a functional system for conducting the 
afferent and efferent impulses in the somatic and 
splanchnic mechanisms of the body, active c., 
the component of an alternating current which is 
in phase with the electromotive force, somatic COMPOS MENTIS 
273 
CONCHA 
motor c., the system of neurons which conduct 
impulses to the somatic effectors of the body, 
somatic sensory c., the system of neurons 
conducting impulses from the somatic receptors, 
splanchnic motor c., the system of neurons 
conducting impulses to the splanchnic receptors, 
splanchnic sensory c., the system of neurons 
conducting impulses from the splanchnic receptors, 
compos mentis (kom'pos men'tis) [L.]. Of sound 
mind. 
composition, c. powder (kom-po-zish'un). The 
compound powder of bayberry. 
compound (kom'pownd) [L. compo'nere to place 
together]. 1. Made of two or more parts or in- 
gredients. 2. Any substance made up of two or 
more kinds of materials. 3. In chemistry, a sub- 
stance which consists of two or more chemical ele- 
ments in union, acyclic c., an open-chain com- 
pound. See under chain, addition c., a com- 
pound formed by the immediate union of two or 
more elements, aliphatic c., an open-chain 
compound. See under chain, aromatic c., a 
closed-chain compound. See under chain, closed- 
chain c. See under chain, coal-tar c., a 
closed-chain compound. See under chain, con- 
densation C., a compound which is formed 
by union of substances with the loss of one or more 
molecules, cyclic c., a closed-chain compound, 
diazo-c., a compound containing the group 
-N2-. endothermic c., one whose formation 
is attended with absorption of heat, exothermic 
c., one whose formation is attended by elevation 
of temperature, fatty c., an open-chain com- 
pound. heterocyclic c., a chemical substance 
which contains a ring-shaped nucleus composed of 
dissimilar elements, isocyclic c., a chemical 
substance which contains a ring-shaped nucleus 
composed of the same elements throughout, 
open-chain c. See under chain, paraffin 
C., an open-chain compound, saturated c., 
a chemic compound in which the combining 
capacities of all the elements are satisfied, sub- 
stitution c., a compound formed by the replace- 
ment of elements of a molecule by other elements, 
unsaturated c., a compound in which the com- 
bining capacities of all the elements are not satisfied. 
compress (kom'pres) [L. compres' sus\. A pad or 
bolster of folded linen or other material, applied 
so as to make pressure upon any particular part: 
it is sometimes medicated, cribriform c., one 
perforated with holes, like a sieve, for the escape 
of fluids from a wound, fenestrated c., one 
pierced with a hole for the discharge of matter 
or to admit of inspection of a sore or wound, 
graduated c., one made up of layers of a grad- 
ually decreasing size. Preissnitz c., a cold wet 
compress. 
compression (kom-presh'un) [L. compressio, from 
comprim'ere to squeeze together]. The act of 
compressing or pressing together; an action ex- 
erted upon a body by an external power which 
tends to diminish its volume and augment its 
density, c. of the brain, a condition in which 
the brain is compressed by fractures, tumors, blood- 
clots, abscesses, etc. digital c., compression of 
a blood-vessel by the fingers for the purpose of 
checking hemorrhage or of curing aneurysm, in- 
strumental c., compression of a blood-vessel by 
instruments. 
compressor (kom-pres'or) [L.]. 1. A surgical 
instrument for making compression upon a part. 
2. A muscle which compresses any part. See 
muscles, table of. Deschamp's c., an instru- 
ment for the direct compression of an artery. 
compressorium (kom-pres-o're-um), pl. compres- 
so'ria [L.]. A device for making graduated 
pressure upon objects under microscopic exam- 
ination. 
Compsomy'ia macella'ria. Chrysomyia macel- 
laria. 
compulsion (kom-pul'shun). An irresistible im- 
pulse to perform some act contrary to one's better 
judgment or will. 
compulsive (kom-pul'siv). Done under the influ- 
ence of compulsion. 
conalbumin (kon-al-bu'min). A non-crystalline 
nitrogenous substance formed during the purifica- 
tion of egg albumen. 
conarial (ko-na're-al). Pertaining to the cona- 
rium. 
conarium (ko-na're-um) [L.; Gr. Kuvapiov]. The 
pineal body: so called from its conic shape. 
conation (ko-na'shun). In psychology, the act or 
power which impels to effort of any kind. 
conative (kon'at-iv). Pertaining to the will power, 
concameration (kon-kam-er-a'shun). An arrange- 
ment in the form of connecting cavities. 
concassation (kon-kas-a'shun). The act of break- 
ing up roots or woods into small pieces in order 
that their active principles may be more easily 
extracted by solvents. 
concatenate (kon-kat'en-at) [L. con together 4- 
cate'na chain]. Chained together: applied to 
glands in the neck of children. 
concatenation (kon-kat-in-a'shun). A series of 
associated nerve-cells forming a nerve or nerve 
tract. 
Concato's disease (kon-kah'tbz) [Luigi Maria Con- 
cato, an Italian physician, 1825-1882]. See disease. 
concave (kon'kav) [L. conca'vus]. Presenting a de- 
pressed or hollow surface. 
concavity (kon-kav'it-e) [L. concatfitas, from con 
together + ca'vus hollow]. A hollowed-out 
space on the surface of an organ; the hollow 
side, or inside, of a curved surface, organ, or line. 
concavoconcave (kon-ka"vo-kon'kav). Concave 
on either side. 
concavoconvex (kon-ka"vo-kon'veks). Having one 
concave and one convex side. 
concentrate (kon'sen-trat or kon-sen'trat) [L. con 
together 4- cen'trum center]. 1. To bring to a com- 
mon center; to gather together at one point. 2. 
To increase the strength by diminishing the bulk 
of, as of a liquid; to condense. 
concentration (kon-sen-tra'shun) [L. concentra'- 
tio}. 1. Increase in strength by evaporation. 
2. A medicine which ha^ been strengthened by 
the evaporation of its non-active parts. 3. The 
number of gram atoms or gram equivalents of the 
dissolved substance which are contained in a unit 
volume of the solution, the unit volume being 
either the liter or cubic centimeter, hydrogen- 
ion c., the degree of concentration of hydrogen 
ions (the acid element) in a solution, used to indi- 
cate or express the reaction of that solution. It 
is usually expressed in terms of the logarithm of the 
figure giving the concentration, which logarithm is 
known as the hydrogen exponent, Ph. ionic c., the 
number of gram atoms or gram equivalents of an 
ion which are contained in the unit volume of a 
solution. 
concentric (kon-sen'trik) [L. concent'ricus, from 
con together 4- cen'trum center]. Having a com- 
mon center; extending out equally in all direc- 
tions from a common center. 
concept (kon'sept). Same as conception (2d def.). 
conception (kon-sep'shun) [L. concep'tio], 1. 
The fecundation of the ovum. 2. The image of a 
thing in the mind, imperative c., a false idea 
which dominates a person's actions. 
conceptive (kon-sep'tiv). Able to conceive. 
conceptus (kon-sep'tus) [L.]. The whole product 
of conception throughout the entire period of 
gestation. 
concha (kong'kah), pl. con'cha [L.; Gr. Kbyxq 
shell]. 1. A shell; oyster-shell. 2. The hollow 
of the external ear. c. auric'uiae, the hollow 
of the external ear. nasal c., c. nasa'lis, a 
turbinate bone. c. santori'ni, the fourth tur- CONCHIFORM 
274 
CONDYLOMATOUS 
binate bone (in most cases the posterior part of 
the superior turbinate), c. sphenoida'lis [B N 
A], one of the sphenoid turbinate bones. 
conchiform (kon'kif-orm) [L. con'cha shell + for'ma 
shape]. Shaped like one-half of a bivalve shell. 
conchinin (kon'kin-in). Same as quinidin. 
conchiolin (kong-ki'o-lin) [Gr. Koyxy shell]. A 
substance, isomeric with ossein, from the shells 
of certain mollusks. 
conchitis (kong-ki'tis). An inflammation of the 
concha. 
conchoidal (kong-koi'dal). Like a shell. 
conchoscope (kong'ko-skop) [Gr. Kbyxv shell + 
aKOTreiv to inspect]. A speculum for exploring 
the interior of the nose. 
conchotome (kong'ko-tbm) [Gr. Kbyxv shell + 
ropi) a cut]. An instrument for the surgical re- 
moval of the turbinate bones. 
Concis. Abbreviation for L. conci'sus, cut. 
concoction (kon-kok'shun) [L. concoc'tio]. 1. A 
mixture of medicinal substances usually pre- 
pared by the aid of heat. 2. The digestive 
process. 
concomitant (kon-kom'it-ant) [L. concom'itans, 
from cum together 4- co'mes companion]. Ac- 
companying; accessory; joined with another. 
conconscious (kon-kon'shus). Prince's term used 
to denote dissociated mental processes of which th^ 
subject is not aware. 
concrement (kon'kre-ment) [L. concremen'tum]. 
A deposit of lime-salts in a tissue, chiefly as a 
result of a tubercular necrosis or of an abscess- 
formation. 
concrescence (kon-kres'ens) [L. con together + 
ares'cere to grow]. A growing together; a union of 
parts originally separate. In dentistry, the union 
of the roots of two approximating teeth by a de- 
posit of cementum. 
concrete (kon-kret') [L. concre'tus]. Solidified or 
hardened after having been more or less fluid. 
concretion (kon-kre'shun) [L. concre'tio, from 
cum together 4- eras'cere to grow]. 1. A calculus 
or inorganic mass in a natural cavity or in the 
tissues of an organism. 2. Abnormal union of 
adjacent parts. 3. A process of becoming harder 
or more solid, alvine c., a bezoar, or calculus, 
in the stomach or intestine, calculous c. Same 
as calculus, arthritic, cutaneous c., a concretion 
in the subcutaneous tissue, preputial c., a con- 
cretion formed beneath a tight foreskin through de- 
posit of urinary salts on the accumulated smegma. 
concusconin (kon-kus'ko-nin). An alkaloid, C23- 
H26O4N21, from cusco bark. 
concussion (kon-kush'un) [L. concus'sio]. A vio- 
lent jar or shock, or a condition which results 
from it. c. of the brain, a condition caused by 
violent blows upon the head, attended with ver- 
tigo, loss of consciousness, nausea, weak pulse, 
and slow respiration, c. of the labyrinth, deaf- 
ness with tinnitus, resulting from a blow on or 
explosion near the ear. c. of the retina, im- 
pairment of vision from a blow near the eye. 
c. of the spine, a condition resulting from blows 
and shocks affecting the cord, attended by mus- 
cular weakness and atrophy, pains in limbs and 
back, anesthesia, and mental and physical de- 
terioration. 
concussor (kon-kus'or) [L.]. An instrument for 
applying gentle strokes in massage. 
condensation (kon-den-sa'shun) [L. condensa'tio, 
from con together 4- dens a're to make thick]. 
1. The act of rendering, or process of becoming, 
more compact. 2. A Freudian term for a fusion of 
events, thoughts, and mental images. 
condenser (kon-den'ser). 1. A vessel or appa- 
ratus for condensing gases or vapors. 2. A device 
for illuminating microscopic objects. Abbe's c., 
an attachment to a microscope consisting of a 
mirror and a series of wide-angled, achromatic 
lenses placed beneath the stage to give strong 
illumination, cardioid c., a special substage 
condenser that gives dark-field illumination for 
ultramicroscopic vision. 
condiment (kon'dim-ent) [L. condimen'tum, from 
conde're to pickle]. A sauce or relish for food. 
condom (kon'dum, kun'dum) [a corruption of Con- 
don, the inventor]. A sheath or cover for the penis- 
worn during coitus to prevent impregnation or in- 
fection. 
conductance, conductivity (kon-duk'tans, kon- 
duk-tiv'it-e). Capacity for conducting or ability 
to convey. 
conduction (kon-duk'shun) [L. conduc'tio]. The 
transfer of sound-waves, heat, nerve influence, or 
electricity, aerial c., the passing of sound- 
waves to the ear through the air. aerotym- 
panal c., the conduction of sound to the sen- 
sorium through the air and tympanum, ava- 
lanche C., the conduction of nerve-currents 
which takes place when the terminals of one neuron 
come in contact with the bodies of several neurons. 
bone-C., the conduction of sound to the sensorium 
through the bones of the skull, osteotympanic 
c. Same as bone-c. 
conductor (kon-duk'tor) [L.]. i. A substance or 
part that possesses conductivity. 2. A grooved 
director for surgeons' use. 
condurangin (kon-du-rang'gin). Either of two 
poisonous glucosids from condurango. 
condurango (kon-du-rang'go) [Spanish Ameri- 
can]. The bark of Condurango bianco (Gonol'o- 
bus cunduran' go), a South American asclepiada- 
ceous plant, formerly used for cancer: a bit- 
ter tonic and stomachic. Dose of wine, £-1 
fl.oz. (15-30 c.c.); of tincture, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.); 
of fluidextract, 20-30 min. (1.333-2 c.c.). 
Condy's fluid (kon'dez) [Henry Bollmann Condy, 
English physician of the nineteenth century1. See 
fluid. 
condylar (kon'dil-ar). Pertaining to a condyle. 
condylarthrosis (kon"dil-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. KbvbvXos 
knuckle + apOpaxris joint]. Articulation by means 
of a condyle. 
condyle (kon'dil) [L. con'dylus; Gr. KovbvXos 
knuckle]. The rounded eminence at the articu- 
lar end of a bone, external c., lateral c. 1. 
The outer condyle of the femur. 2. The external 
tuberosity of the tibia, medial c. 1. The inner 
condyle of the femur. 2. The internal tuberosity 
of the tibia, occipital c., one of two oval facets 
on the under surface of the occipital bone, one on 
each side of the foramen magnum, for articulation 
with the atlas. 
condylectomy (kon-dil-ek'to-me) [condyle + Gr. 
tKTopq excision]. Surgical removal of a condyle. 
condylion (kon-dil'e-on) [Gr. kovSvXiov knob]. The 
point at the lateral tip of the condyle of the lower 
jaw. 
condyloid (kon'dil-oid) [Gr. KovbvXos knuckle 4- 
etbos form]. Resembling a condyle or knuckle. 
condyloma (kon-dil-o'mah), pl. condylo'mata [Gr. 
KovbvXwpa wart]. 1. A wart-like excrescence near 
the anus or vulva; especially the flat, moist papule 
of secondary syphilis. 2. fn veterinary medicine, 
a hyperplasia of the papillary layer of the skin in 
cloven-hoofed animals, forming in the interdigital 
spaces and resulting from chronic inflammation, 
c. acumina'tum. See verruca acuminata, flat 
c. Same as c. latum, c. la'tum, a broad and 
flat syphilitic condyloma, often with a yellowish 
discharge. Called also flat c. and plaque muqueuse. 
pointed c. See verruca acuminata, c. sub- 
cuta'neum. Same as molluscum epitheliale. 
condylomatoid (kon-di-lo'mat-oid). Resembling a 
condyloma. 
condylomatous (kon-dil-o'mat-us). Of the nature 
of a condyloma. CONDYLOTOMY 
275 
CONHYDRIN 
condylotomy (kon-dil-ot'o-me) [Gr. kovSvXos con- 
dyle + re/j.veiv to cut]. Excision or division of a 
condyle or of condyles. 
condylus (kon'dil-us) [L.]. Condyle, c. latera'- 
lis [B N A], lateral condyle, c. media'lis [B N 
A], median condyle, c. occipitalis [B N A], 
occipital condyle. 
cone (kon) [Gr. kwvos; L. co'nus], A solid figure 
or body tapering to a point, adjusting c's, 
a pair of hollow cones used in measuring the 
distance between the axes of the eyes when they 
are parallel, antipodal c., the cone of rays op- 
posite the spindle-fibers of the amphiaster, at- 
traction C., a small cone-shaped projection from 
the surface of the ovum at the point where the 
spermatozoon attaches itself, bifurcation c., 
the cone-shaped structure at the bifurcation of a 
dendrite, fertilization c. Same as attraction 
c. fibrous c. Same as corona radiata. Hal- 
ler's c's, the coni vasculosi. implantation 
C., the cone-shaped insertion of a neuraxon in 
its neuron, keratosic c's, horny elevations on 
the hands and feet in gonorrheal rheumatism, 
c. of light, the triangular reflection of light seen 
on the membrana tympani. ocular c., a cone of 
light in the eye, the base being on the cornea, the 
apex on the retina, primitive C., the cone-like 
arrangement of the collecting tubules in the kid- 
ney. retinal c's, the specialized outer endsjof 
the visual cells; these with the rods form the 
second of the ten layers of the retina, visual 
C. Same as ocular c. 
cone nose. See Lam us. 
conephrin (ko:nef'rin). A proprietary local anes- 
thetic containing cocain hydrochlorid, paranephrin, 
and sodium chlorid. 
conessi (ko-nes'i). The bark of Wright'ia {IIola/- 
rhena) antidysente/ica, an Asiatic apocynaceous 
tree: largely used locally in treating dysenteries. 
conessin (ko-nes'in). A white, poisonous alka- 
loid from various species of Wright'ia. It is a 
cardiac poison and is said to have amebicidal 
properties. 
confabulation (kon-fab-u-la'shun). A symptom 
of certain forms of insanity consisting in making 
ready answers and reciting experiences without 
regard to truth. 
conf ectant (kon-fek'tant). A proprietary disin- 
fectant prepared from phenols. 
confectio (kon-fek'she-o) [L.]. See confection. 
C. o'pii, confection of opium; prepared from 
opium, aromatic powder, and honey: narcotic. 
Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.325-1.3 gm.), c. ro'sse, con- 
fection of rose; prepared from red-rose petals, 
sugar, rose-water, and honey: used as a vehicle, 
c. scammo'nii, confection of scammony; pre- 
pared with aromatics and honey: purgative. 
Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.666-2 gm.), c. sen'nae, con- 
fection of senna; a preparation of senna, cassia 
fistula, tamarind, coriander oil, prune, and fig: 
laxative. Dose, 2 dr. (8 gm.), c. sul'phuris, 
confection of sulphur: a laxative. Dose, 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 gm.), c. terebin'thinse, a carminative 
and styptic preparation of oil of turpentine. 
Dose, 1-2 dr. (4-8 gm.). 
confection (kon-fek'shun) [L. confec'tio], Any 
medicated conserve, sweetmeat, or electuary. 
See confectio. Damocrates' c., a confection of 
some thirty ingredients, the chief of which were 
agaric, frankincense, galbanum, cinnamon, garlic, 
gentian, ginger, opium, etc. 
confertus (kon-fer'tus) [L.]. Close together; con- 
fluent. 
configuration (kon"fig-u-ra'shun). The general 
form of a body; in chemistry, the arrangement in 
space of the atoms of a molecule. 
confinement (kon-fin'ment). Childbed, or the 
puerperal condition. 
con'fluens sin'uum [B N A]. Same as torcular 
herophili. 
confluent (kon'flu-ent) [L. con'fluens running to- 
gether]. Becoming merged; not discrete. 
conformator (kon'for-ma-tor) [L.]. A device for 
determining the outlines of the head. 
confrication (kon-frik-a'shun) [L. confrica'tio]. 
The rubbing of a drug to the condition of a 
powder. 
confrontation (kon-frun-ta'shun) [L. con together 
+ frons face]. The bringing of two patients to- 
gether for diagnostic purposes. 
confusion (kon-fu'zhun). See amentia, 2d def. 
cong. An abbreviation for L. con'gius, a gallon, 
congelation (kon-jel-a'shun) [L. congela'tio]. Frost- 
bite or freezing. 
congener (kon'jen-er). A congenerous muscle. 
congenerous (kon-jen'er-us) [L. con together 4- 
ge'nus race]. Having a common action or function: 
applied mainly to certain muscles. 
congenital (kon-jen'it-al) [L. congen'itus born to- 
gether], Born with a person; existing at or be- 
fore birth. 
congested (kon-jes'ted). Overloaded, as with 
blood; in a state of congestion. 
congestin (kon-jes'tin). A poisonous principle from 
Anemone sculta'tus, causing irritation of the skin. 
congestion (kon-jest'yun) [L. conges'tio, from con- 
ge' rere to heap together]. Excessive or abnormal 
accumulation of blood in a part, active c., 
determination of blood to a part on account of 
the dilatation of the lumen of its blood-vessels, 
fluctionary c., active congestion, functional 
C., increased flow of blood to an organ during the 
performance of its function, hypostatic c., 
congestion of the lowest part of an organ by 
reason of the action of gravity when the circu- 
lation is much enfeebled, neuroparalytic c., 
that which results from paralysis of the con- 
strictor fibers of the vasomotor nerves, neuro- 
tonic C., that which is due to irritation of the 
vasodilator nerves, passive c., the congestion 
of a part due to the obstruction to the escape of 
blood from the part, physiologic C., the con- 
gestion that occurs in secreting glands during their 
functional activity, venous c. Same as pas- 
sive c. 
congestive (kon-jes'tiv). Associated with or caused 
by congestion. 
congius (kon'je-us) [L. for " gallon "]. A gallon: 
abbreviated to cong. 
conglobate (kon'glo-bat) [L. congloba'tus]. Neither 
conglomerate nor compound: used of certain 
glands. 
conglomerate (kon-glom'er-at) [L. con together + 
glomera're to heap]. Heaped together. See gland. 
conglutin (kon-glu'tin). A protein from almonds 
and from seeds of various leguminous plants. 
conglutinant (kon-glu'tin-ant) [L. conglutina' re 
to glue together]. Promoting union, as of the 
lips of a wound. 
conglutination (kon"glu-tin-a'shun) [L. conglutin- 
a'tio\. 1. The abnormal adherence of parts to each 
other. 2. Agglutination in which the action of 
agglutinating sera is augmented by a substance 
existing in the ox serum. 
conglutinin (kon-glu'tin-in). A colloidal sub- 
stance in beef-serum which has the property of 
causing a characteristic clumping and increased 
lysis of red blood-cells when treated with a heated 
specific hemolytic serum and fresh complement. 
Congo-red (kon'go-red). A red dye, [CH4.N2.C10- 
H5(NH2).SO2.ONa]2, the sodium salt of diphenyl- 
diazo-binaphthionic acid, turned blue by HC1: 
used in the study of the gastric juice. It is used as 
an indicator and has a Ph range of 3 to 5, being 
blue at 3 and red at 5. 
CON2H,. Urea. 
conhydrin (kon-hi'drin). A poisonous crystalliz- 
able alkaloid from Coni'um macula'turn: CsHnNO. CONI VASCULOSI 
276 
CONSILIA 
coni vasculo'si (ko'ni vas-ku-lo'si) [L.]. The 
conic masses which make up the globus major 
of the epididymis. 
coniasis (ko-ni'as-is) [Gr. kopls dust]. Dust in the 
gall-bladder or bile-ducts, in contradistinction to 
calculus (Merle). 
conic, conical (kon'ik, kon'ik-al). Cone-shaped. 
conicein (kon-is-e'in). Any one of a series of arti- 
ficial alkaloids with the formula CgH15N. 
conidia (ko-nid'e-ah). Plural of conidium. 
conidial (ko-nid'e-al). Pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, conidia; bearing conidia. 
conidiophore (ko-nid'e-o-for) [L. conidium + Gr. 
ipbpos bearing]. The branch of the mycelium of 
a fungus which bears conidia. 
Conidiospora'les. An order of fungi. 
conidiospore (ko-nid'e-o-spor) [Gr. Kovlbcop a par- 
ticle of dust + spore]. Same as conidium. 
conidium (ko-nid'e-um), pl. conid'ia. An asexual 
spore formed by splitting off from the summit of a 
conidiophore. See spore. 
coniferin (ko-nif'er-in). The glucosid of the fir 
tree, C16H22O8. It yields glucose and coniferyl al- 
cohol. From it vanillin is prepared. 
coniin, conin (ko'ne-in, ko'nin). A liquid alka- 
loid from conium, CSH15N. It is narcotic, and 
is sometimes used locally for relieving pain. 
Dose, min. (0.015-0.03 c.c.). c. hydrobro- 
mid, a salt in colorless crystals: C8H17N.HBr. 
Dose in cardiac asthma, gr. (0.003-0.005 gm.). 
coniism (ko'ne-izm). Poisoning by conium. 
coniology (ko-ne-ol'o-je) [Gr. kopls dust 4- X6yos 
treatise]. The scientific study of dust, its influence, 
and effects. 
coniosis (ko-ne-o'sis) [Gr. kopls dust]. A diseased 
state caused by the inhalation of dust. 
Conium (ko-ne'um) [L.; Gr. kupclop]. A genus of 
umbelliferous plants: the hemlocks. The dried 
unripe fruit of C. macula'turn, poison hemlock, is 
a narcotic and sedative, used mainly as a palli- 
ative in neuralgia and cancerous sores; also in 
chronic rheumatism, asthma, and phthisis. Dose 
of alcoholic extract, |-2 gr. (0.033-0.133 gm.); 
of fluidextract, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.); of 
tincture, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
conjugata (kon-ju-ga'tah) [B N A]. The conju- 
gate diameter of the pelvis. See diameter, C. 
ve'ra, the diameter of the pelvis measured from 
the upper and posterior part of the pubic symphysis 
to the second sacral ligament. 
conjugate (kon'ju-gat) [L. conjuga'tus yoked to- 
gether]. 1. Paired, or equally coupled. 2. The 
conjugate diameter. See diameter, external c., 
internal c. See under diameter. 
conjugation (kon-ju-ga'shun) [L. conjuga'tio a 
blending]. The union of one organism with an- 
other for the exchange of nuclear material. 
conjunctiva (kon-junk-ti'vah) [L.]. The delicate 
membrane that lines the eyelids {palpebral con- 
junctiva) and covers the eyeball {bulbar or ocular 
conjunctiva) in front. 
conjunctival (kon-junk-ti'val). Pertaining to the 
conjunctiva. 
conjunctivitis (kon-junk-tiv-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the conjunctiva, acute contagious or epi- 
demic C., a mucopurulent inflammation of the 
conjunctiva occurring in epidemic form and caused 
by the Koch-Weeks bacillus. Called also pink-eye. 
atropin c., follicular conjunctivitis from con- 
tinued use of atropin. catarrhal c., a mild 
form due to cold or irritation, croupous c., 
a variety associated with the formation of a 
whitish-gray membrane, diphtheric c., a 
purulent form due to the Klebs-Loffler bacillus. 
Egyptian c. (Larrey, 1802). See trachoma, fol- 
licular C., a form characterized by the round or 
pinkish bodies in the retrotarral fold, gonor- 
rheal C., a severe form caused by infection with 
gonococci, granular c. See trachoma, mem- 
branous c., croupous conjunctivitis. Morax- 
Axenfeld's c., a form of conjunctivitis due to 
the diplococcus of Morax and Axenfeld. Pari- 
naud's C., infectious conjunctivitis of animal 
origin, c. petrif'icans, a variety of con- 
junctivitis marked by the formation of deposits 
of chalky matter and attended with necrosis, 
phlyctenular c., a variety marked by small 
vesicles or ulcers, each surrounded by a red- 
dened zone, prairie c., chronic conjunctivitis 
marked by white spots on the conjunctiva of the 
lids, purulent c., a variety characterized by a 
creamy discharge, spring c., a form that recurs 
every spring, and sometimes lasts until late in the 
autumn. Called also vernal c. vernal c. See 
spring c. Widmark's c., congestion of the in- 
ferior tarsal conjunctiva, with occasionally slight 
stippling of the cornea. 
conjunctivoma (kon-junk-tiv-o'mah). A tumor 
of the eyelid made up of conjunctival tissue. 
connectivum (kon-ek-ti'vum) [LJ. The con- 
nective tissue. 
Connell's suture (kon'elz) [F. Gregory Connell, 
American surgeon, born 1864]. See suture. 
Connellan-King diplococcus [John J. Con- 
nellan, New York pathologist, and James Joseph 
King, New York laryngologist]. See diplococcus. 
conoid (ko'noid) [Gr. /cwroeiSps]. 1. Shaped like a 
cone; coniform. 2. A proprietary cone of cotton- 
wool impregnated with volatile oils for insertion 
into the nostrils. 
Conolly's system (kon'ol-ez) [John ConoUy, Eng- 
lish alienist, 1795-1866]. The system of non-re- 
straint for treating the insane. 
conomyoidin (ko"no-mi-oi'din) [Gr. kmvos cone + 
juOs muscle + elbos form]. A protoplasmic ma- 
terial within the rods of the retina which ex- 
pands and contracts under the influence of light, 
causing the cones to shift. 
conophthalmus (kon-of-thal'mus) [Gr. k&pos cone 
+ 6^0aX/z6s eye]. Staphyloma of the cornea. 
Conorhinus (ko-no-ri'nus) [Gr. kospos cone + pls 
nose], A genus of hemipterous insects, now knowm 
as Lamus. 
conquinamin (kon-kwin'am-in). An alkaloid, C19- 
H24O2N2, from cinchona bark. 
conquinin (kon-kwin'in). Quinidin. 
Conradi's line, medium (kon-rah'dez) [Andrew 
Christian Conradi, Norwegian physician of the 
nineteenth century]. See line and medium. 
Cons. Abbreviation for L. conser'va, keep. 
consanguinity (kon-san-gwin'it-e) [L. consanguin- 
itas]. Kinship: relationship by blood. 
consciousness (kon'shus-nes) [L. con'scius aware]. 
Responsiveness of the mind to the impressions 
made by the senses, double c., a hypnotic or 
somnambulistic condition in which the patient 
seems to lead two lives, completely forgetting in 
one state the experiences of the other. 
consensual (kon-sen'shu-al) [L. consen'sus agree- 
ment]. Excited by reflex stimulation. 
conservancy (kon-ser'van-se). The sum of hy- 
gienic and preservative legislation; the care of 
things that tend to restore and maintain public 
health. 
conservation (kon-ser-va'shun) [L. conserva're to 
keep]. Preservation, as of drugs and medicines, 
from injury, or of the health and strength of a 
patient, c. of energy, the principle that the 
total of energy is constant, none being created 
or lost in conversion from one form to another. 
conservative (kon-ser'vat-iv) [L. conserva're to 
preserve]. Aiming at the preservation of health 
or at the restoration and repair of parts. 
conserve (kon'serv) [L. conser'va]. A confection, 
electuary, or medicated sweetmeat. 
consilia (kon-sil'e-ah). Letters published by phys- 
icians of the 15 th to 17th centuries, outlining the CONSOLI DANT 
277 
CONTINUITY 
semeiology and treatment of diseases under their 
observation. 
consolidant (kon-sol'id-ant) [L. consolidate to 
make firm]. 1. Promoting the healing or union 
of parts. 2. A healing medicine or application. 
consolidation (kon-sol-id-a'shun) [L. consolida'- 
tio}. Solidification, as of a lung in pneumonia. 
consolute (kon'so-lut). Perfectly miscible. 
consonant (kon'so-nant) [L. con with + sona're to 
sound]. Any vocal sound other than a vowel 
sound. 
constant (kon'stant) [L. con'stans standing to- 
gether]. 1. Not failing; remaining unaltered. 
2. A datum, fact, or principle that is not subject 
to change. Ambard's c. See Ambard's formula 
under formula. Planck's c., h = 6.547 X io-27 
erg. sec. 
constellation (kon-stel-a'shun). A term used by 
Prof. N. O. Lendeloo, of Leiden, to indicate all 
the factors, with their mutual influences upon one 
another, that determine any particular action or 
effect. 
constipated (kon'stip-a-ted). Affected with con- 
stipation; costive. 
constipation (kon-stip-a'shun) [L. constipa'tio a 
crowding together]. Infrequent or difficult evacua- 
tion of the feces; retention of the feces, atonic 
C., constipation due to intestinal atony, gastro- 
jejunal c., constipation due to reflex inhibition 
from some disease of the gastro-intestinal tract, 
proctogenous c., constipation due to some ab- 
normality of the defecation reflex owing to which 
fecal masses in the rectum do not excite expulsion, 
spastic C., constipation marked by spasmodic 
constriction of a portion of the intestine: seen in 
neurasthenia. 
Constitution (kon-sti-tu'shun) [L. constitu'tid\. 
The make-up or functional habit of the body. In 
chemistry, the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, 
arterial c., that bodily constitution in which the 
blood contains much fibrin and a large proportion 
of red corpuscles, carbonitrogen c., a consti- 
tution marked by slow oxidation of the blood. 
Carolina criminal c. {Constitu'tio crimina'lis 
Caroli'nd). An ordinance issued by Charles V in 
1533 authorizing judges to summon physicians 
and midwives as expert witnesses in medico- 
legal cases. The earliest important document in 
forensic medicine, epidemic c., that peculiar 
constitution of the _ air which causes epi- 
demics. hydrogenoid c., a temperament in 
which the subject cannot tolerate moisture, ideo- 
obsessional c., a peculiar psychic constitution 
marked by a tendency to worrying, fretting, exag- 
gerated doubts, and excessive introspection, 
lymphatic c., a condition of hyperplasia of the 
lymphatic system. neuropathic c., that 
quality of mind and body which predisposes to 
nervous disease. 
constitutional (kon-sti-tu'shun-al). 1. Affecting 
the whole constitution of the body; not local. 
2. Pertaining to the constitution. 
constriction (kon-strik'shun) [L. con together + 
strin'gere to draw], 1. A constricted part or 
place; a stricture. 2. A morbid sensation, as of 
tightness. 
constrictor (kon-strik'tor) [L.]. 1. Any muscle 
which draws together or contracts any part. See 
muscles, table of. 2. An instrument used in com- 
pression. 
constructive (kon-struk'tiv). Pertaining to any 
process of construction; anabolic. 
consult (kon-sult') [L. consul'tus\. A skilled ad- 
viser or practitioner. 
consultant (kon-sul'tant) [L. consulta're to coun- 
sel]. A consulting physician or surgeon. 
consultation (kon-sul-ta'shun) [L. consulta'tio\. 
A deliberation of two or more physicians with 
respect to the diagnosis or treatment of any par- 
ticular case. 
consumption (kon-sump'shun) [L. consump'tio a 
wasting]. A wasting away of the body, espe- 
cially phthisis or pulmonary tuberculosis. See 
phthisis, galloping c., phthisis which runs an 
exceptionally rapid course, luxus C., the eating 
or digestion of food in excess of the real needs 
of the body. 
consumptive (kon-sump'tiv). i. Of the nature 
of consumption. 2. Affected with consumption. 
3. A person who is affected with tuberculosis of 
the lungs. 
Cont. Abbreviation for L. contu'sus, bruised. 
contact (kon'takt) [L. contadtus a touching to- 
gether]. 1. A mutual touching of two bodies or 
persons. 2. The completing of an electric cir- 
cuit. balancing c., the contact of the disto- 
buccal cusp of a lower second molar with the 
mesiolingual cusp of an upper second molar when 
the jaw is moved laterally, complete c., con- 
tact of the entire proximal surface of one tooth 
with the entire proximal surface of the adjoining 
tooth, direct c., immediate c., the touching 
by a healthy person of a diseased body, whereby a 
contagious disease may be communicated, in- 
direct c., mediate c., the propagation of a con- 
tagious disease by the air, by fomites, or by some 
other medium, with no direct touch of the sick 
by the infected person, proximal c., proxi- 
mate c., touching of the adjoining surfaces of two 
teeth, weak c., contact in which one tooth 
barely touches its neighbor. 
contagion (kon-ta'jun) [L. conta'gio contact, in- 
fection]. 1. The communication of disease by 
mediate or immediate contact or by effluvia. See 
infection. 2. A contagious disease. 3. A con- 
tagium. direct c., immediate c., contagion 
from direct contact with a sick person, mediate 
c., contagion conveyed by a person or object 
from the sick to the well, psychic C., contagion 
of a nervous disorder through mental influence, as 
of imitation. 
contagiosity (kon-ta-je-os'it-e). The degree of 
contagiousness of a disease. 
contagious (kon-ta'jus) [L. contagio'sus\. Propa- 
gated by contagion; transmitted from one person 
to another. Cf. infectious. 
contagium (kon-ta'je-um) [LJ. Any virus or 
morbific matter which may transmit a disease. 
C. vi'vum, any living organism, animal or vege- 
table, which is or may become the germ of any 
communicable disease. 
contamination (kon-tam-in-a'shun) [L. contami- 
na'tio, from con together + tan'gere to touch]. 
1. Infection of the person or of matter by contact. 
2. The Freudian term for a fusion of words. 
contemplative (kon-tem'pla-tiv). A pervert who 
produces a sexual orgasm by an act of the im- 
agination. 
content (kon'tent). That which is contained within 
a thing, latent C., the thing signified in a dream, 
manifest c., the outward form of a dream. 
contiguity (kon-tig-u'it-e) [L. contig'uus in con- 
tact]. 1. Contact or close proximity. 2. A joint 
as contrasted with a continuous bone. 3. Con- 
tinuity. solution of c., separation of parts 
which are normally in contact; dislocation. 
contiguous (kon-tig'u-us) [L. contig'uus}. In con- 
tact or nearly so. 
Contin. Abbreviation for L. continue'tur, let it be 
continued. 
continence (kon'tin-ens) [L. continen'tia]. Self- 
restraint, especially with respect to sexual in- 
dulgence. 
continued (kon-tin'ud). Having no remission, in- 
termission, nor interruption. 
continuity (kon-tin-u'it-e) [L. continu'itas, unin- 
terrupted succession]. The quality of being 
continuous; a union of parts so complete that 
they cannot be separated without laceration or CONTINUOUS 
278 
CONTRECTATION 
fracture, amputation in c., amputation 
through a bone and not through a joint, solu- 
tion of C., separation by fracture, rupture, or 
division of parts normally continuous. 
continuous (kon-tin'u-us) [L. conlin'uus]. Not 
interrupted; having no interruption. 
contour (kon-toor') [Fr.]. The normal outline or 
configuration of the body or of a part. 
contoured (kon'toord). Having an irregularly un- 
dulating outline or surface: said of bacterial colo- 
nies. 
contouring (kon-toor'ing). The restoration of 
a lost form to a part. 
contra-angle (kon'trah-ang'l). A double angle in 
the shank of an instrument by which the edge or 
the point is brought into the axis of the handle. 
contra-aperture (kon-trah-ap'er-tur) [L. con'tra 
against + apertu'ra opening]. A second open- 
ing made in an abscess to facilitate the discharge 
of matter. 
contraception (kon-trah-sep'shun). The pre- 
vention of conception or impregnation. 
contraceptive (kon-trah-sep'tiv) [L. con'tra against 
+ conception]. Anything used to prevent concep- 
tion. 
contractile (kon-trak'til) [L. con together + tra'- 
here to draw]. Having the power or tendency 
to contract in response to a suitable stimulus. 
contractility (kon-trak-til'it-e). Capacity for be- 
coming short in response to a suitable stimulus, 
galvanic c. See galvanocontractility. idio- 
muscular C., a contractility peculiar to wasted 
or degenerated muscles, neuromuscular c., 
normal, as distinguished from idiomuscular, con- 
tractility. 
contractio prsevia (kon-trak'she-o pre've-ah) [L.]. 
Contraction of the lower segment of the uterus 
in front of the presenting part of the fetus. 
contraction (kon-trak'shun) [L. contrac'tio]. 1. 
A shortening, as of a muscle in the normal response 
to a nervous stimulus. 2. A morbid or patho- 
logic shortening or shrinkage, anodal closure 
C., clonic contraction of muscles at the anode 
when the electric circuit is closed, anodal open- 
ing C., clonic contraction of muscles at the anode 
when the electric circuit is broken, automatic 
ventricular c., a ventricular contraction caused 
by an impulse formed in the auriculoventricular 
node, carpopedal c., a kind of tetany of in- 
fants, with flexing of the fingers, toes, elbows, 
and knees, and a general tendency to convul- 
sions. cathodal closure c., clonic contrac- 
tion of muscles at the cathode on the closure 
of an electric circuit, cathodal opening 
C., clonic muscular contraction at the cathode.on 
. the opening of an electric circuit, cicatricial 
C., the shrinkage of a cicatrix or a deformity 
due thereto, clonic C., one in which the mus- 
cle is alternately contracted and relaxed, closing 
C. See under clonus. Dupuytren's c., a con- 
tracted condition of the fingers and palm due 
to inflammatory hyperplasia of their tissues- 
Dupuytren's c., false, a contracted state of the 
palm and fingers due to injury of the palmar 
fascia, escaped ventricular c. Same as auto- 
matic ventricular c. fibrillary c's, abnormal spon- 
taneous contractions occurring successively in dif- 
ferent bundles of the fibers of a diseased muscle, 
front-tap c., a contraction of the gastrocnemius 
on tapping the muscles of the leg. galvanotonic 
C., a tonic muscular contraction produced by a 
continuous electric current. Gowers' c. Same 
as front-tap c. hour-glass c., contraction of an 
organ (as the stomach or uterus) at or near the 
middle, idiomuscular c., a contraction pro- 
duced by direct stimulation of a wasted muscle, 
isometric c., change in tension of a muscle whose 
extremities are fixed, upon the application of a 
stimulus, isotonic c., contraction of a muscle 
with approximation of its extremities, myotatic 
C., contraction or irritability of a muscle brought 
into play by sudden passive stretching or by tap- 
ping on its tendon, opening c. See under 
clonus, paradoxic c., the contraction of a m&scle 
caused by the passive approximation of its ex- 
tremities. rheumatic c. Same as tetany. 
c.-ringof Bandl. See ring of Bandl, under ring. 
tetanic c., tonic c., one during which the 
muscle remains tense for some time, tone c., 
a muscular contraction developing slowly and 
showing a prolonged phase of relaxation. West- 
phal 'sc., contraction of a muscle caused by ap- 
proximating its extremities: observed in paralysis 
agitans and in various spinal affections. 
contracture (kon-trakt'yur) [L. contractu'ra]. A 
contraction: a shortening or distortion. It may 
be permanent, as from shrinkage of muscles or 
scars; or spasmodic, from a sudden stimulus, 
functional c., one that disappears during uncon- 
sciousness. nurses' C., tetany in women who are 
giving suck, organic C., one that is permanent 
and continuous. Volkmann's c., a contraction 
of the fingers and sometimes of the wrist, with loss 
of power, developing rapidly after a severe injury 
in the region of the elbow-joint. 
contradolin (kon-trah-do'lin). A combination of 
acetamid, phenol, and salicylic acid: antiseptic 
and analgesic. Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 gm.). 
contrafissura, contrafissure (kon-trah-fish-u'- 
rah, kon-trah-fish'ur). A fracture in a part op- 
posite from that in which the blow is received. 
contra-indicant (kon-trah-in'dik-ant). Render- 
ing any particular line of treatment undesirable or 
improper. 
contra-indication (kon"trah-in-dik-a'shun). Any 
condition, especially any condition of disease, 
which renders some particular line of treatment 
improper or undesirable. 
contralateral (kon-trah-lat'er-al) [L. con'tra oppo- 
site + la'tus side]. Associated in action with a 
similar part on an opposite side. 
contraluesin (kon-trah-lu'es-in). 1. A mixture of 
sozoidolate of mercury, quinin, and salicylic acid, 
given intramuscularly in syphilis. 2. An emulsoid, 
containing in each cubic centimeter 0.1 gm. mer- 
cury amalgamated with gold, 0.01 gm. iodin, and 
0.001 gm. arsenic: used for the treatment of syph- 
ilis. 
contramin (kon'trom-in). Diethyl-di thio-car- 
bamate, SNH2(C2O5)2CSN(C2H8)2; a white, crys- 
talline powder, soluble in water, used intrave- 
nously and intramuscularly in syphilis, and locally 
in chronic ulcerations. * ' 
contrastimulant (kon-trah-stim'u-lant) [L. con'- 
tra against 4- stimulant]. 1. Counteracting or 
opposing stimulation. 2. A depressant medicine. 
contrastimulism (kon-trah-stim'u-lizm). The 
systematic use of contrastimulant medicines or 
appliances. 
contrastimulus (kon-trah-stim'u-lus) [L. con'tra 
against + stimulus]. A remedy, force, or agent 
which opposes stimulation. 
contrast-Stain (kon'trast-stan). See counter- 
stain. 
contratoxin (kon-trah-toks'in) [L. con'tra against 
+ toxin]. A proprietary name for one of several 
normal serums derived from animals possessing 
natural immunity to the particular diseases for 
which the serum is to be used. 
contratussin (kon-trah-tus'in). A proprietary 
whooping-cough preparation. 
contravolitional (kon"trah-vo-lish'un-al). Done 
in opposition to the will; involuntary. 
contrayerva (kon-trah-yer'vah) [Port.]. The root 
of Dorste'nia brasilien' sis: tonic, stimulant, and 
diaphoretic. Dose in powder, 30 gr. (2 gm.). 
contrecoup (kontr-koo') [Fr.]. Injury resulting 
from a blow on a remote part. 
contrectation (kon-trek-ta'shun) [L. contrecta're 
to handle]. The fondling of a person of the op- 
posite sex; "spooning" (Moll). CONT. REM 
279 
CONVOLUTION 
Cont. rem. Abbreviation for L. continue'tur reme'- 
dia, let the medicine be continued. 
control (kon-trol') [Fr. contrdle a register]. An 
experiment or other standard by which to test 
the correctness of observations, c.-animal, an 
animal not immune, which is exposed to the effects 
of a virus, an immune animal being submitted 
to the same treatment at the same time, asso- 
ciative automatic c., nerve impulses which 
arise in the corpus striatum and act upon the final 
common pathway, and thus upon the muscles. C.~ 
experiment, any experiment made under stand- 
ard conditions by which to test the correctness of 
other observations, idiodynamic c., nerve im- 
pulses from the cells of the ventral gray column 
and the motor nuclei of the brain which maintain 
the muscles in their normal trophic condition, 
reflex c., the nerve impulses transmitted to the 
muscles by one of the reflex arcs by which reflex 
action is maintained, sex c., the deliberate de- 
termination of the sex of future offspring by arti- 
ficial means, synergic c., the nerve impulses 
transmitted to the common pathway from the 
cerebellum for the regulation of the muscular 
activity of the synergic units of the body, tonic 
C., the nerve impulses transmitted to the final 
common pathway through the reflex arc for the 
maintenance of the muscle tone, vestibulo- 
equilibratory c., nerve impulses from the semi- 
circular canals, saccule, and utricle in order to 
maintain body equilibrium, voluntary c., voli- 
tional C., impulses from the motor area of the 
cerebral cortex which direct muscular action under 
the influence of the will. 
contrude (kon-trud'). To crowd or push together; 
said of teeth. 
contrusion (kon-tru'zhun). A condition in which 
teeth are crowded. 
contunding (kon-tun'ding). Producing a contusion, 
contuse (kon-tuz') [L. contun'dere to bruise]. To 
bruise or wound by bruising. 
contusion (kon-tu'zhun) [L. contu'sio, from con- 
tun'dere to bruise]. A bruise; the act of bruis- 
ing. 
conular (kon'u-lar). Cone-shaped. 
conus (ko'nus), pl. co'ni [L.; Gr. kwvos a cone]. 
1. Posterior staphyloma of the myopic eye. 2. 
The rounded anterior portion of the striatum, 
c. arterio'sus, the upper and anterior angle of 
the right ventricle of the heart. C. elas'ticus 
[B N A], the cone-shaped lower part of the sub- 
mucous membrane of the larynx, from the vocal 
cords to the cricoid cartilage; the cricothyroid 
membrane, c. medulla'ris, c. termina'lis, 
the conoid distal end of the spinal cord. C. 
vasculo'sus. See coni vasculosi. 
convalescence (kon-val-es'ens) [L. convalescen'- 
tia]. The return to health; the stage of recovery 
following an attack of disease. 
convalescent (kon-val-es'ent) [L. convales'cens], 
1. Returning to health after an illness. 2. Per- 
taining to the recovery of health. 3. A patien. 
who is in the stage of recovery. 
convallamarin (kon-val-am'ar-in) [convallaria + L. 
ama'rus bitter]. A poisonous glucosid, C2.!H4.iO12, 
from Convalla' ria maja'lis: emetic, diuretic, and 
cardiant. Dose, |-i gr. (0.013-0.065 gm.). 
convallaretin (kon-val-ar-e'tin) [convallaria + 
Gr. pn-rlvi) resin]. A poisonous resin, CUH26O3, 
derivable from convallarin. 
Convallaria (kon-val-a're-ah) [L.]. 1. A genus 
of liliaceous plants. 2. The rhizome and root 
of C. maja'lis, lily-of-the-valley: a diuretic heart 
stimulant, used like digitalis. Dose of extract, 
2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.); of fluidextract, 2-10 
min. (0.133-0.666 c.c.); of infusion, |-2 fl.oz. 
(16-64 c.c.). 
convallarin (kon-val-a'rin). A purgative gluco- 
sid, Cj^H^On, from convallaria. Dose, 2-4 gr. 
(0.133-0.266 gm.). 
convection (kon-vek'shun) [L. convec'tio, from 
conve'here to convey]. Transmission of heat in 
liquids or gases carried on by the heated parti- 
cles below rising and the cold particles above 
descending and in turn becoming heated and 
rising. 
convergence (kon-veFjens). i. Inclination toward 
a common point. 2. The point of meeting of 
convergent lines. negative c., divergence of 
the visual axes. 
convergent (kon-ver'jent) [L. con together + ver'- 
gere to incline]. Meeting at or tending toward 
a common point. 
conversion (kon-ver'shun). A Freudian term for 
the process by which emotions become transformed 
into physical manifestations. 
convex (kon'veks) [L. convex'us]. Having a rounded 
and somewhat elevated surface. 
convexity (kon-veks'it-e) [L. convex'itas]. 1. The 
condition of being convex. 2. The outer or con- 
vex part of a curved surface. 
convexoconcave (kon-veks"o-kon'kav). Convex 
on one side and concave on the other. 
convexoconvex (kon-veks"o-kon'veks). Convex on 
each of the two faces. 
con vicin (kpn'vis-in). A hexose glu cosid of a pyr- 
amidon base. 
convolute, convoluted (kon'vo-lut, kon'vo-lu- 
ted) [L. convolu'tus]. Rolled together or coiled. 
convolution (kon-vo-lu'shun) [L. convolu'tus rolled 
together]. Any elevated part of the brain surface 
more or less marked off by fissures, abrupt C., 
a small convolution at the end of the occipital lobe 
of the brain, angular c., the posterior part of 
a convolution between the intraparietal fissure and 
the horizontal limb of the sylvian fissure, an- 
nectent c's, small convolutions which connect 
the occipital with the temporosphenoid and pari- 
etal lobes. Arnold's c., the inferior posterior 
convolution of the cerebrum, ascending frontal 
C., a convolution in front of the fissure of Rolando, 
ascending parietal c., a convolution just be- 
hind the fissure of Rolando. Broca's c., the in- 
ferior or third frontal convolution, callosal c., 
a convolution on the mesial surface of the cere- 
brum, curving around the corpus callosum and 
separated'from it by the callosal fissure. Called 
also gyrus fornicatus. central c's, the con- 
volutions of the brain which lie along the central 
sulcus, cuneate c., the occipital lobule of the 
inner surface of the cerebral hemisphere, den- 
tate C., a cerebral convolution in the hippo- 
campal fissure. Ecker's C., the posterior occip - 
tai convolution, external occipitotemporal 
C., a gyrus between the collateral fissure and the 
inferior temporosphenoid sulcus. fornicate 
C., a long convolution on the mesial surface of 
the brain, above the callosum, frontal c's, the 
convolutions of the frontal lobe, hippocampal 
C., that part of the fornicate convolution which 
winds around the splenium of the corpus cal- 
losum. inframarginal c., superior temporal 
c., superior temporosphenoid c., a part of 
the sphenotemporal lobe between the sylvian and 
the'Superior temporal fissures, insular c's, 
the small convolutions which make up the island 
of Reil. marginal c., the mesial surface of the 
first frontal convolution, occipital c's, the con- 
volutions which make up the occipital lobe, or- 
bital c's, three gyri (internal, anterior, and 
posterior) of the under surface of the frontal 
lobe, paracentral c., a convolution of the 
mesial surface, representing the junction of the 
upper ends of the ascending frontal and ascending 
parietal lobes, parietal c's, the convolutions of 
the parietal lobe, retro-insular c's, a group 
of small convolutions behind the central lobe, 
bridging over the temporal and parietal lobes, 
subcallosal c., a convolution on the mesial sur- 
face of the cerebrum, running from the chiasm 
to the rostrum. Called also Zuckerkandl's c. CONVOLUTIONAL 
280 
COPPER 
subcollateral c., a convolution on the temporal 
lobe of the brain connecting the occipital and 
temporal lobes, and bounded above by the col- 
lateral fissure and below by the subtemporal 
fissure, subtemporal c., the inferior temporal 
convolution, supercallosal c., a rudimentary 
convolution on the upper surface of the corpus 
callosum, represented by the longitudinal striae 
and their anterior and posterior prolongations, 
superfrontal c., the superior frontal convolu- 
tion. supertemporal c., the inframarginal 
convolution, supramarginal c., the angular 
convolution, temporal c's, the convolutions 
of the temporal lobe, temporoparietal c's, 
the retro-insular convolutions, temporosphe- 
noid c's, three convolutions (superior, middle, 
and inferior) of the temporosphenoid lobe, 
transisthmian c., the isthmus of the gyrus 
fornicatus. transitional c., a small convolu- 
tion bounded anteriorly by the fissure of Sylvius, 
uncinate c., the hook-like end of the fornicate 
convolution. Wernicke's c., the first temporo- 
sphenoid convolution. Zuckerkandl's c. See 
subcallosal c. 
convolutional, convolutionary (kon-vo-lu'- 
shun-al, kon-vo-lu'shun-a-re). Of or pertaining to 
a convolution or convolutions. 
convolvulin (kon-vol'vu-lin). A purgative glu- 
cosid, C31H50Oi8, from jalap. Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.06- 
0.13 gm.). 
Convolvulus (kon-vol'vu-lus) [L.]. A genus of 
twining, convolvulaceous plants called bindweed. 
C. pandura'tus, man-root, of North America, is 
diuretic and laxative. Dose, 40 gr. (2.59 gm.). 
See also scammony. 
convulsant (kon-vul'sant). 1. Producing or caus- 
ing convulsions. 2. A drug or agent that causes 
convulsions. 
convulsibility (kon-vul-sib-il'it-e). Capability of 
being convulsed. 
convulsin (kon-vul'sin). A eucalyptus preparation 
used in treating disease of the respiratory organs. 
convulsion (kon-vul'shun) [L. comul'sio, from 
cornel'lere to pull together]. A violent involun- 
tary contraction or series of contractions of the 
voluntary muscles, central c., essential c., 
spontaneous c., one which is entirely depen- 
dent upon some lesion of a nerve-center, cho- 
reic C., any convulsion or spasm of the kind 
characteristic of chorea, clonic c., a convulsion 
marked by alternating contracting and relaxing 
of the muscles, coordinate c., a convulsion 
marked by clonic movements similar to natural, 
purposeful movements, crowing c., laryngismus 
stridulus, epileptiform c., any convulsion 
attended with loss of consciousness, external 
c., spasmodic contraction of the voluntary 
muscles, hysteric c., any spasmodic movement 
attendant upon a hysteric disorder, hysteroid 
c., hystero-epilepsy. infantile c., the eclampsia 
of early infancy, internal c., a slight involuntary 
spasmodic movement with no loss of consciousness, 
local c., any minor spasm affecting but one muscle 
or only one part or member, mimetic c., mimic 
c., facial spasm or tic. puerperal c., spasm or 
eclampsia occurring just before or just after child- 
birth. salaam c., nodding spasm, sponta- 
neous c., a convulsion not excited by any exter- 
nal cause, but due to a lesion of the central nervous 
system, static c., palmar or saltatory spasm, 
tetanic c., any form of spasm characteristic of 
tetanus; a tonic convulsion without loss of con- 
sciousness. tonic c., persistent contraction of a 
muscle or set of muscles, not atrophic or due to 
muscular shrinkage, uremic c., one due to 
uremia, or retention in the blood of matters that 
should have been expelled by the kidneys. 
convulsive (kon-vul'siv). Pertaining to, charac- 
terized by, or of the nature of, convulsion. 
-COOH. Carboxyl. 
Coolidge tube (koo'lij) [William David Coolidge, 
American chemist, born 1873]. See under lube. 
Cooper's disease, fascia, hernia, ligament, 
etc. [Sir Astley Paston Cooper, English surgeon, 
1768-1841]. See disease, fascia, hernia, ligament, 
etc. 
Coopernail's sign (koo'per-nalz) [George P. 
Coopernail, American physician, born 1876]. See 
sign. 
coordination (ko-or"din-a'shuh). The harmo- 
nious working together of parts and the normal 
sequence of functions. 
coossification (ko-os"if-ik-a'shun). The action of, 
or state of being, joined together by ossification. 
coossify (ko-os'if-i). To grow together by ossifica- 
tion. 
cootie (koo'te). Soldier's name for body louse. 
copaiba (ko-pa'ib-ah). The resinous juice of va- 
rious leguminous trees of tropical America, espe- 
cially Copai'fera officina'lis and C. langsdorf'ii: 
it is diuretic and laxative, and is much used for 
gonorrhea and chronic disease of mucous mem- 
branes. Dose, 10 min.-1 fl.dr. (0.666-4 c.c.); of 
massa copaiba, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.); of mistura 
copaiba composita, 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.). The oil 
(o'leum copai'ba) is given in doses of 10-15 min. 
(0.666-1 c.c.); the resin (res'ina copa'iba), in doses 
of 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.). 
copal (ko'pal) [Mex.]. The commercial name of 
many resinous substances of extremely various 
origin and character; the original copals came 
from trees of tropical America, chiefly of the 
leguminous genus Hymena'a. The best copals 
come from Africa, and some are obtained in Asia; 
they are mostly used in the arts, and are little 
employed in medicine and surgery at present. 
copalchi (ko-pal'she). The febrifugal bark of 
Strych'nos pseudo-qui'na, of South America, and 
also of Cro'ton nitfeus, of Mexico. 
cope (kop). A plate of metal for covering the root 
of a tooth preparatory to attaching an artificial 
crown. 
copiopia, copiopsia (ko-pe-o'pe-ah, ko-pe-op'- 
se-ah) [Gr. kotos fatigue + of is sight]. Eye- 
strain; a worn-out condition of the eye. 
copodyskinesia (ko"po-dis-kin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. kotos 
fatigue + 6 us- difficult + Klurjais motion]. Any 
occupation-neurosis; difficulty of movement due 
to fatigue from the habitual performance of some 
particular action. See neurosis. 
copper (kop'er) [L. cu'prum; Gr. Kuttpos]. A 
reddish, malleable metal, atomic weight, 63.57; 
symbol Cu, with poisonous salts, c. abieti- 
nate, a copper salt in green scales, soluble in 
oil: used as an anthelmintic and vermifuge 
in veterinary practice, c. acetate, Cu(C2H3- 
O2)2.H2O, a green copper salt: used internally 
and externally as an astringent in conjunctivitis, 
gonorrhea, and skin diseases, and internally in 
phthisis and anemia. Dose, gr. (0.006-0.016 
gm.), aluminated c., a mixture of 16 parts each 
of copper sulphate, potassium nitrate, and alum, 
with 1 part of camphor: used as an astringent in 
conjunctivitis, ammoniated c., a compound, 
Cu(NH3)4SO4 + H2O: used like copper sulphate, 
and internally in chorea, epilepsy, and neuralgia. 
Dose, J-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 gm.), c. ammonio- 
sulphate, Cu(NH3)4SO4, a salt of copper: used 
outwardly as an astringent, and inwardly as an 
antispasmodic. Dose, 5-1 gr. (0.011-0.066 gm.), 
c. arsenite, a highly poisonous green pigment, 
CuHAsO3: used in diarrhea, dysentery, cholera 
morbus, etc., in frequent minute doses. Dose, 
3^5-3^ gr. c. citrate, a bluish-green crystalline 
powder, Cu^CeHsO?^. Called also cuprocitrol 
and cusylol. c. iodid, cuprous iodid, Cu2l2- c. 
nitrate, crystals of a deep blue color, Cu(NO3)2.- 
3H2O. c. phenolsulphonate, green prismatic 
crystals, (OH.C6H4.SO2O)2Cu.6H2O. c. sulphate, 
CuSO4, a crystalline salt of copper, popularly called COPPERAS 
281 
CORDIFORM 
blue-stone and blue vitriol: it is used mainly as an 
external styptic and astringent. Dose, as astrin- 
gent, J gr. (0.016 gm.); as an emetic, 5 gr. (0.33 
gm.). 
copperas (kop'er-as). Green vitriol, or ferrous 
sulphate, FeSO4.7H.2O: a tonic, astringent, and 
deodorizer. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.). 
Coppet's law (kop-az') [Louis Cas de Coppet, French 
physicist, 1841-1911]. See under law. 
copracrasia (kop-Tah-kra'se-ah) [Gr. Koirpos dung 
+ aKpaala loss of power]. Loss of ability to retain 
the feces. 
copragogue (kop'rag-og) [Gr. Koirpos dung -f- 
ayaybs leading]. Cathartic. 
copraol (ko'prah-ol) [East Indian ko'pra cocoanut]. 
A fat from cocoanut oil: used in preparing sup- 
positories. 
coprecipitin (ko-pre-sip'it-in). A precipitin which 
has an affinity for two or more organisms. 
copremia (kop-re'me-ah) [Gr. kottpos dung + alpa 
blood]. Blood-poisoning from the retention of 
fecal matters in the blood. 
coprolagnia (kop-ro-lag'ne-ah) [Gr. Koirpos dung + 
Xayveia lust]. Sexual perversion in which the 
subject receives pleasure from the sight or thought 
of human excrement. 
coprolalia (kop-ro-la'le-ah) [Gr. Kbirpos dung + 
XaXia babble]. The insane utterance of filthy 
words. 
coprolith (kop'ro-lith) [Gr. Koirpos filth + XlQos a 
stone]. A hard fecal concretion. 
coprology (kop-rol'o-je) [Gr. Koirpos dung + X070S 
treatise]. The study of the feces. 
coprophagy (kop-rof'aj-e) [Gr. Koirpos dung 4- 
ipaycu' to eat]. The eating of dung. 
coprophil, coprophile, coprophilous (kop'ro- 
fil, kop-rof'il-us) [Gr. Koirpos dung + <piXeiv to 
love]. Inhabiting dung: said of bacteria. 
coprophilia (kop-ro-fil'e-ah) [Gr. Koirpos dung 4- 
<pcXia affection]. A morbid liking for filth, especi- 
ally for feces and for things connected therewith. 
coproplanesis (kop"ro-plan-e'sis) [Gr. Koirpos 
dung + irXawqcns wandering]. Escape of feces 
from the bowel through a wound or fistula. 
COprostasis (kop-ros'tas-is) [Gr. Kbirpos dung + 
vraais stoppage]. Impaction of the feces in the 
intestine. 
coprosterin. (kop-ro-ste'rin) [Gr. Koirpos dung 4- 
sterin]. A reduction product of cholesterin occur- 
ring in human feces. 
coprosterol (kop-ro-ste'rol). Coprosterin. 
coprozoa (kop-ro-zo'ah) [Gr. Koirpos dung 4- foov 
animal]. Protozoa which can be cultivated in feces. 
Coptis (kop'tis) [L.]. A genus of ranunculaceous 
plants. C. tee'ta is an Asiatic species: tonic. Dose 
of root, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). C. trifo'lia 
(goldthread), of North America, is a tonic and 
astringent: used for sore mouth. Dose of root, 
10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 gm.). 
copula (kop'u-lah) [L.]. 1. Any connecting part or 
structure. 2. A name for amboceptor. 
copulation (kop-u-la'shun) [L. copula'tio\. Sexual 
congress; coitus. 
Coq. Abbreviation for L. co'que, boil. 
Coq. in s. a. Abbreviation for L. co'que in suffi- 
cien'te a'qua, boil in sufficient water. 
Coq. s. a. Abbreviation for L. co'que secun'dum 
ar'tem, boil properly. 
Coquille (ko-kel') [Fr.]. A glass or lens shaped like 
a watch-crystal. 
7or (kor). Latin for heart, c. adipo'sum, fatty 
heart; a heart which has undergone fatty degen- 
eration or which has an accumulation of fat around 
it. c. arterio'sum, the left side of the heart, 
containing arterial blood, c. biatria'tum tri- 
locula're, a three-chambered heart. C. bi- 
locula're, a heart with a congenital defect of the 
septa of the auricles and ventricles, c. bovi'num, 
ox-heart; greatly enlarged heart, c. dex'trum. 
Same as c. venosum. c. hirsu'tum, c. tomen- 
to'sum. The same as hairy heart. See heart. 
c. ju'venem, a condition of arhythmia, palpi- 
tation, tachycardia, and systolic murmur seen in 
orthostatic albuminuria. C. mo'bile, an ab- 
normally movable heart, c. pen'dulum, a 
heart so movable that it seems to be hanging by 
the great blood-vessels, c. sinis'trum. Same as 
c. arteriosum. c. trilocula're, a heart with one 
ventricle and two auricles, c. veno'sum, the 
right half of the heart, which contains venous 
blood, c. villo'sum, a roughened state of the 
pericardium caused by exudate on its surface, oc- 
curring in pericarditis. 
coraco-acromial (kor"ak-o-ak-ro'me-al). Per- 
taining to the coracoid and acromion processes. 
coracobrachialis (kor"ak-o-bra-ke-a'lis). See 
muscles, table of. 
coracoclavicular (kor"ak-o-klav-ik'u-lar). At- 
tached to the coracoid process and the clavicle. 
coracohumeral (kor"ak-o-hu'mer-al). Attached 
to the coracoid process and the humerus. 
coracoid (kor'ak-oid) [Gr. KopaKoecbqs crow-like], 
i. Like a raven's beak. 2. The coracoid process. 
coracoradialis (kor"ak-o-ra-de-a'lis). The short 
head of the biceps muscle. 
coraco-ulnaris (kor"ak-o-ul-na'ris). The fibers 
of the biceps muscle attached to the fascia of the 
forearm. 
corallin (kor'al-in). A coloring-matter containing 
rosolic acid, red c., peonin. 
Corallorhiza (kor"al-o-ri'zah) [Gr. KopaWcov coral 
+ root]. A genus of orchidaceous plants. 
The root of C. odontorhi'za, coralroot or crawley, 
is antipyretic and diaphoretic. Dose, 30 gr. (2 
gm.); of fluidextract, 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.). 
corasthma (kor-as'mah). Hay-fever. 
cord (kord) [L. chor'da; Gr. xop3)?]. Any long, 
rounded, and flexible body or organ. Braun's 
c's, strings of cells which have been observed in 
the kidney of the early embryo. Ferrein's c., 
the lower, or true vocal cords, gangliated c., 
the trisplanchnic nerve, genital c., a structure 
in the embryo formed by the union of the two 
wolfiian and the two mullerian ducts, guber- 
nacular c. Same as gubernaculum testis, lum- 
bosacral c., a nerve-trunk from branches of the 
fourth and fifth lumbar nerves: it extends to the 
sacral plexus. nerve-C., any nerve-trunk or bun- 
dle of nerve-fibers, psalterial c. Same as stria 
vascularis, sexual c's, the seminiferous tubules 
during the early fetal stage, spermatic C., 
the structure by which the testicle is suspended, 
spinal c., the myelon; that part of the central 
nervous axis which is lodged in the vertebral 
canal, umbilical c., the flexible structure which 
extends from the placenta to the fetal umbilicus, 
vocal c's, the membranous bands in the larynx 
by which the sounds of the voice are produced. 
They consist of the superior or false cords, and 
the inferior or true cords. The latter extend from 
the wings of the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid 
cartilage. Weitbrecht's C., the annular liga- 
ment of the elbow. Wilde's c's, the transverse 
striae of the corpus callosum. Willis' C., cords 
of fibrous tissue running transversely across the 
lower angle of the superior longitudinal sinus. 
cordate (kor'dat) [L. cor heart]. Heart-shaped. 
cordein (kor'de-in). Methyltribromsalol, an anti- 
septic and analgesic agent in white needles. 
cordial (kord'yal) [L. cordia'lis}. 1. Stimulating 
the heart; invigorating. 2. An aromatized alco- 
holic liqueur. Godfrey's c., mixture of sassa- 
fras and opium. Warner's gout c., tincture of 
rhubarb and senna. 
Cordiceps (kor'dis-eps). A genus of fungi; cer- 
tain species produce fatal disease of caterpillars. 
cordiform (kor'dif-orm) [L. cor heart + fo/ma 
form]. Heart-shaped. CORDITIS 
282 
CORNING'S ANESTHESIA 
corditis (kor-di'tis). Inflammation of the spermatic 
cord. 
cor do 1 (kor'dol). Tribromsalol, C6H4(OH)COO.- 
CglhBrs; an antiseptic and hemostatic agent in 
long white needles. Dose, 8-20 gr. (o.5-1.3 gm.). 
cordyl (kor'dil). Acetyltribromsalol; an analgesic 
and antispasmodic agent in fine white needles: 
used like cordol, as hypnotic, analgesic, and internal 
antiseptic. Dose, 8-30 gr. (0.5-2 gm.). 
Cordylo'bia anthropoph'aga. A fly of Africa 
the larvae of which burrow under the skin of man 
and animals, causing a myiasis. 
core (kor). 1. The central part of anything. 2. A 
disease of sheep caused by worms in the liver. 3. 
A disease of cows marked by the formation of 
lumps in the udder, atomic c. See coelectron. 
coreclisis (kor-ek-li'sis) [Gr. Kop-q pupil + kXciols 
closure]. The obliteration or closure of the pupil. 
COrectasis (kor-ek'tas-is) [Gr. Kopq pupil + (Kravis 
a dilatation]. Morbid dilatation of the pupil. 
corectome (kor-ek'tom) [Gr. Kopq pupil + ropq a 
cutting]. A cutting instrument used in perform- 
ing corectomy. 
corectomedialysis (ko-rek"to-me-de-aris-is) [Gr. 
Kopq pupil + (Krepveiv to excise + 8iaXbeiv to set 
free]. The operation of forming an artificial 
pupil by detaching the iris from the ciliary liga- 
ment. 
corectomy (kor-ek'to-me) [Gr. Kopq pupil + ex out 
+ rop-q a cutting]. Same as iridotomy. 
corectopia (kor-ek-to'pe-ah) [Gr. Kopq pupil + ex 
out + r ottos place]. Abnormal situation of the 
pupil. 
coredialysis (ko"re-di-al'is-is) [Gr. Kopq pupil + 
SidXwts separation]. The separation of the ex- 
ternal margin of the iris from the ciliary body. 
corediastasis (ko"re-di-as'tas-is) [Gr. Kopq pupil 
+ 81a a part + or avis standing]. The dilatation 
or a dilated state of the pupil. 
coregonin (ko-reg'o-nin). A protamin obtained 
from the sperm of the white fish. 
corelysis (ko-rel'is-is) [Gr. Kopq pupil + Xvcris a 
loosing]. The operation of detaching adhesions 
of the pupil from margins of the lens. 
coremorphosis (kor"e-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. Kopq pupil 
+ pbpipwais formation]. The formation of an arti- 
ficial pupil. 
corenclisis (kor-en-kli'sis) [Gr. Kopq pupil + 
eyCKeiv to inclose]. Same as iridencleisis. 
coreometer (ko-re-om'et-er) [Gr. Kopq pupil + 
perpov measure]. An apparatus used in meas- 
uring the pupil. 
coreometry (ko-re-om'et-re) The measurement of 
the pupil. 
coreoplasty (ko're o-plas-te) [Gr. Kopq pupil + 
TrXdtraeir to form]. Plastic surgery of the pupil. 
corestenoma congenitum (ko"re-sten-o'mah 
kon-jen'it-um) [Gr. Kopq pupil + vrevwpa contrac- 
tion]. A congenital condition in which the pupil 
is partially occluded by excrescences which meet, 
leaving small openings here and there. 
coretomedialysis (ko"re-to-me-di-al'is-is) [Gr. 
Kopq pupil 4- repveiv to cut + SidXvais division]. 
The formation of an artificial pupil by a com- 
bined cutting and tearing operation upon the iris, 
coretomy (ko-ret'o-me) [Gr. Kopq pupil + repveiv 
to cut]. Same as iridotomy. 
coriaceous (ko-re-a'shus) [L. co'rium leather]. Re- 
sembling leather; leathery, tough: said of bacterial 
cultures. 
coriamyrtin (ko"re-am-er'tin). A glucosid, C30- 
H36O10, from the leaves of Coria'ria myrtifo'lia: 
possessing tetanic properties like those of picro- 
toxin. Recommended as a circulatory and res- 
piratory stimulant. Dose, gr. (0.00108 gm.). 
coriander (ko-re-an'der) [L. corian'drum]. The 
umbelliferous plant, Corian'drum sati'vum; also 
its aromatic carminative fruit. Dose, 20-60 gr. 
(i-333-4 gm.); of volatile oil [o'leum corian'dri), 
2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.). 
coriandrol (ko-re-an'drol). A fragrant, colorless 
liquid, C10H18O, from oil of coriander. 
Coriaria (ko-re-a're-ah) [L.]. A genus of old- 
world poisonous coriariaceous plants of various 
species: sparingly used in medicine. C. myrtifo'lia 
affords coriamyrtin. 
coriariamyrtin (ko-re-a"re-am-er'tin). Same as 
coriamyrtin. 
coriin (ko're-in). A substance formed by treating 
fibrous connective tissue with alkalis. 
corium (ko're-um) [L.j. The true skin, or dermis; 
the vascular layer beneath the epidermis. C. 
phlogis'ticum. See bufly coat, under coat. 
Corlett's pyosis (kor'lets) [William Thomas 
Corlett, American dermatologist, born 1854]. Im- 
petigo contagiosa bullosa. 
corm (korm) [L. cor'mus], A solid bulb-like expan- 
sion of a plant stem below the surface of the 
ground. 
corn (korn) [L. cor'nu horn], 1. A clavus; a horny 
induration and thickening of the skin, produced 
by friction and pressure. It forms a conic mass 
extending down into the derma and producing 
pain and irritation. 2. A swelling on the bottom 
of a horse's foot between the wall of the heel and the 
bar. soft C., a soft thickening of the epidermis 
between the toes, which is kept softened by mois- 
ture, and often leads to painful inflammation be- 
neath the corn. 
cornage (kor-nahzh') [Fr.]. Roaring in horses. 
cornea (kor'ne-ah) [L. cor'neus horny]. The .trans- 
parent structure forming the anterior part of the 
external layer of the eyeball. It is composed of 
five layers-an epithelial layer, an anterior limit- 
ing membrane, the substantia propria, the mem- 
brane of Descemet, and a layer of endothelial cells, 
conic c. See keratoconus. c. globo'sa. Same 
as buphthalmia. c. opa'ca, the sclerotic coat of 
the eye. c. pla'na, congenital flatness of the 
cornea, sugar-loaf c. Same as keratoconus. 
corneal (kor'ne-al) [L. cornea'Us]. Pertaining to 
the cornea. 
corneitis (kor-ne-i'tis). Inflammation of the cor- 
nea. 
corneoblepharon (kor"ne-o-blef'ar-on) [cornea + 
Gr. flXeipapov eyelid]. Adhesion between the eye- 
lid and cornea. 
corneo-iritis (kor"ne-o-i-ri'tis). Inflammation of 
the cornea and iris. 
corneosclera (kor"ne-o-skle'rah). The cornea 
and sclera regarded as forming one organ. 
corneous (koFne-us) [L. cor'neus]. Horn-like, or 
horny. 
corner, corner-tooth (kor'ner, kor'ner-tooth). 
The lateral incisor of a horse. 
cornesin (kor'ne-sin). A proprietary fish-oil, 
vaunted as a cure for cataract: supposed to be 
cod-liver oil. 
corneum (koPne-um). The stratum corneum of 
the skin. See skin. 
corniculum laryngis (kor-nik'u-lum lar-in'jis) 
[L.]. A cartilaginous nodule on the arytenoid 
cartilage. 
cornification (kor"nif-ik-a'shun) [L. cor'nu horn 
+ fa'cere to make]. Conversion into horn. 
cornified (kor'nif-id). Converted into horny tissue. 
cornin (koFnin). 1. A concentration prepared 
from the bark of Cor'nus flor'ida: tonic and anti- 
periodic. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133-0.266 gm.). 2. A 
crystalline principle said to be obtainable from 
Cor'nus flor'ida. 3. A preparation from the bark 
of Cor'nus nuttal'lii, a tree of western North 
America. 
Corning's anesthesia or method (kor'nings) 
[James Leonard Corning, neurologist in New York, 
born 1855]. See under anesthesia. CORN-SILK 
283 
CORPSE 
COrn-silk (kom-silk) [L. stig'mata may'dis]. The 
diuretic stigmas, or silk, of the maize, Ze'a ma'ys. 
Dose of infusion, ad libitum; of fluidextract, 1-2 
dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
cornu (ko/nu), pl. cor'nua [L. "horn"]. Any 
horn-like excrescence or projection, c. ammo'- 
nis [L. "horn of Ammon"]. 1. An appearance as 
of a ram's horn, seen on cutting transversely 
through the pes hippocampi. 2. The hippocampus 
maior. c. cer'vi, the horn of a stag or deer; 
hart's horn. c. cuta'neum, c. huma'num, 
a horny excrescence of the skin, mostly seen on 
the scalp and face, eth'moid c., the middle 
turbinate bone. c. infe'rius [B N A], the inferior 
horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, c. me- 
dium. See medicornu. C. occipita'le. See 
postcornu, c. os'sis hyoi'dei, the cornu of the 
hyoid bone, cornua sacra'lia, the two hook- 
shaped processes extending downward from the 
arch of the last sacral vertebra, c. of spinal 
cord. See crescents of spinal cord. c. us'tum 
[L. "burnt horn"], the ashes or the burnt or charred 
horn of the deer or stag, formerly used in medicine 
as an antacid. 
cornua ('kor'nu-ah). Plural of cornu. 
cornual (korinu-al). Pertaining to a cornu or to 
cornua. 
cornucommissural (kor"nu-kom-is'u-ral). Per- 
taining to a cornu and to a commissure. 
cornucopia (kor-nu-ko'pe-ah) [L. co/nu co'pice 
horn of plenty]. An extension of the choroid 
plexus into each of the lateral recesses of the 
fourth ventricle. 
Cornus (korinus) [L.]. A genus of cornaceous 
trees and shrubs of both hemispheres; the cor- 
nels or dogwoods. The root-bark of many is 
astringent, tonic, and antiperiodic, especially 
that of C. flo/ida, the common dogwood of North 
America. Dose of bark, 15 gr. (1 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 10-60 min. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
cornutin (kor-nu'tin). A poisonous alkaloid of 
ergot. Dose (per diem), gr. (0.011-0.016 gm.); 
of citrate (for spermatorrhea), gr. (0.003- 
0.006 gm.). 
cornutol (kor'nu-tol). A concentrated preparation 
of ergot. 
corodiastasis (ko"ro-di-as'tas-is). Same as core- 
diastasis. 
corolla (ko-rol'ah) [L. "little crown"]. The inner 
set of leaves of a floral envelop the individual por- 
tions of which are called petals. 
corometer (ko-rom'et-er). Same as coreometer. 
corona (ko-ro'nah), pl. coro'nce [L. "crown"; Gr. 
Kopcovq}. A crown or crown-like eminence. C. 
ciliar'is. See zona ciliaris. c. den'tis, the 
crown of a tooth, c. glan'dis, the rim which 
surrounds the base of the glans penis, c. radia'- 
ta, the radiating crown of fibers which pass from 
near the optic thalamus to every part of the cere- 
bral cortex, c. seborrho'ica, a red line or band 
along the upper border of the forehead and temples 
sometimes seen in severe cases of dermatitis se- 
borrhceica or pityriasis capitis. C. ven'eris, a ring 
of syphilitic sores around the forehead, sometimes 
deeply affecting the bones of the head. Zinn's c. 
Same as circulus arteriosus halleri. 
coronad Ckor'o-nad). Toward the crown of the 
head or any corona. 
coronal (kor'o-nal) [L. corona'lis\. Pertaining to 
the crown of the head or to any corona. 
coronale (kor-o-na'le). The point on the coronal 
suture at the end of the maximum frontal diam- 
eter. 
coronamen (kor-o-na'men). The coronet of a 
horse. 
coronaria ventriculi (kor-o-na're-ah ven-trik'u- 
li) [L.]. An artery on the lesser curvature of the 
stomach, formed by an anastomosis between the 
gastric artery and the superior pyloric branch of 
the hepatic artery, 
coronary (kor'o-na-re) [L. corona'rius]. Incir- 
cling in the manner of a crown: a term applied to 
vessels, nerves, ligaments, etc. 
corone (ko-ro'ne) [L.; Gr. Kopavr) apophysis]. The 
coronoid process of the lower jaw-bone. 
coroner (kor'o-ner) [L. corona'tor], An officer 
who holds inquests in regard to violent and sud- 
den deaths. 
coronet (kor'o-net). The lower part of the pastern 
of a horse, where the horn joins the skin. 
Coronilla (kor-o-nil'ah) [L.]. A genus of poison- 
ous leguminous herbs of many species. C. scor- 
pioi'des and other European species are purga- 
tive, diuretic, and cardiant. Dose in powder (per 
diem), 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.); of tincture (per diem), 
|-i dr. (2-4 c.c.). 
coronillin (kor-o-nil'in). A pale-yellow, bitter 
glucosid, C7H12O5, from the seeds of Coronil'la 
scotpioi'des, a European leguminous plant: a 
diuretic and heart stimulant. Dose, 1-2 gr. 
(0.06-0.13 gm.). 
coronion (kor-o'ne-on). The tip of the coronoid 
process of the jaw. 
coronitis (kor-o-ni'tis). Inflammation of the cor- 
onary cushion of the horse. 
coronium (ko-ro'ne-um). An unknown substance 
which produces the line at wave length 5303 in the 
spectrum of the sun's corona. 
coronoid (kor'o-noid) [Gr. Kopuvtj crow, crown]. 
1. Shaped like a crow's beak. 2. Crown-shaped. 
coroparelcysis (ko"ro-par-ersis-is) [Gr. Kopq pupil 
+ TTapeXKecv to draw aside]. The drawing aside 
of the pupil in partial corneal opacity in order to 
bring it over a transparent portion. 
coroplasty (ko'ro-plas-te). Same as coreoplasty. 
coroscopy (ko-ros'ko-pe) [Gr. Kopq pupil + oKoireiv 
to view]. The shadow-test for determining the 
refractive powers of the eye. 
corotomy (ko-rot'o-me) [Gr. Kopq pupil + repvetv 
to cut]. Any cutting operation upon the pupil; 
coretomy. 
corpora (kor'po-rah). Latin for bodies; plural or 
corpus. c. albican'tia, " whitish bodies 
two pea-like bodies at the base of the brain, be- 
hind the tuber cinereum: called also the bulbs of 
anterior crura of the fornix, c. amyla'cea, 
" starchy bodies "; small, starch-like masses found 
in the prostate, neuroglia, etc. c. aran'tii, small 
tubercles, one in each of the semilunar valves of 
the aorta and pulmonary arteries, c. arena'cea, 
grains of a sand-like substance sometimes found 
in the masses of papillomata. Called also sand- 
bodies. c. caverno'sa, " cavernous bodies": the 
two erectile columns of the dorsum of the penis 
(c. caverno'sa pe'nis) or clitoris (c. caverno'sa clitor'- 
idis). c. fla'va, waxy bodies found in the 
central nervous system and elsewhere, and thought 
to be formed by the transformation of nerve-cells, 
c. malpighia'na. See malpighian body, under 
body. c. oliva'ria, two oval masses behind the 
pyramid of the oblongata, c. oryzoi'dea, rice 
bodies. See under body. c. quadrigem'ina 
[BN A], "fourfold bodies"; the four oval masses 
(two nates and two testes) behind the third ven- 
tricle of the brain, c. restifor'mia, "rope-like 
bodies"; the two cord-like columns of the oblongata 
which are continuous with the inferior peduncle of 
the cerebellum, c. santoria'na. Same as cor- 
nicula laryngis. c. stria'ta, " striped bodies 
two bodies, one on the floor of either lateral ven- 
tricle: named from the striped appearance of their 
section, c. versicolora'ta. Same as c. amy- 
lacea. 
corps, medical (kor). The surgeon officers of the 
navy, comprising a surgeon-general, medical direc- 
tors, medical inspectors, surgeons, passed assistant- 
surgeons, and assistant-surgeons. 
corpse (korps) [L. cor'pus body]. A cadaver; a 
lifeless body. CORPULENCY 
284 
CORPUSCLE 
corpulency (kor'pu-len-se) [L. corpulen'tia]. Un- 
due fatness or obesity: polysarcia. 
corpus (kor'pus), pl. cor'pora [L. for " body "]. 
i. The body. 2. The main part of any organ. 
3. Any mass of specialized tissue, c. adipo '- 
sumbuc'cae. See pad, sucking, c. adipo'sum 
or'bitae [B N A], a mass of fat in the orbit, c. 
albi'cans. 1. See corpora albicantia. 2. The mass 
of fibrous scar tissue replacing the corpus hemor- 
rhagicum within the graafian follicle. C. alie'- 
num, a foreign body. c. aran'tii. See corpora 
arantii. c. bigem'inum. 1. Either one of the 
optic lobes of a fish or bird. 2. Less correctly, a 
corpus quadrigeminum of the mammalian brain, 
c. calca'nei, the body of the calcaneum. c. 
callo'sum, the callosum, or great commissure, of 
the brain: it is an arched mass of white matter, 
situated at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure, 
and is made up of transverse fibers connecting the 
cerebral hemispheres, c. can 'dicans. See cor- 
pora albicantia. c. caverno'sum. See corpora 
cavernosa, c. caverno'sum ure thrae [B N A]. 
Same as c. spongiosum, c. cilia're. See ciliary 
body, under body. c. denta'tum, "toothed 
body"; a small oval mass of gray substance on the 
section of either hemisphere of the cerebellum, 
c. denta'tum oli'vae, an oval mass of gray 
matter in the olivary body; the olivary nucleus, 
c. fibro'sum, a hard mass projecting from the 
surface of an inflamed ovary, c. fimbria'tum, 
" fringed body "; a narrow band of white matter 
bordering the lateral edge of the lower cornu 
of the lateral ventricle, c. genicula'tum, 
" knee-like body "; either one of a pair of tuber- 
cles on the inferior part of the optic thalami. C. 
genicula'tum latera'le [B N A], the external 
geniculate body; a bulging of the posterior portion 
of the thalamus, external to the pulvinar. C. 
genicula'tum medi'ale [B N A], the internal 
geniculate body; an elevation on the thalamus be- 
hind the pulvinar. c. glandulo'sum, a spongy 
eminence which surrounds the orifice of the female 
urethra, c. hsemorrhag'icum, a blood-clot 
formed within the empty graafian follicle after 
ovulation has taken place, c. highmoria'num, 
the mediastinum of the testis, c. hypothalam'- 
icum, a mass of gray matter situated in the sub- 
thalamus. c. interpeduncula're, a small mass 
of gray matter just in front of the pons varolii, be- 
tween the peduncles of the brain. Called also gang- 
lion inter pedunculare. c. lu'teum, "yellowbody"; 
a yellow mass in the ovary in the place of an ovisac 
which has discharged its ovum; if the ovum has 
been impregnated, the corpus luteum grows and 
lasts for several months (true c. luteum, or c. luteum 
of pregnancy)-, if impregnation has not taken 
place, the corpus luteum degenerates and shrinks 
(false c. luteum, or c. luteum of menstruation). 
C. mammilla're. See corpora albicantia. c. 
medulla're cerebel'li [B N A], the white sub- 
stance of the cerebellum, c. muco'sum. Same 
as rete mucosum. c. ni'grum, the menstrual cor- 
pus luteum after it has become blackened, c. oli- 
va're, the olivary body. See body. c. ory- 
zoi'deum, a rice body. See under body. c. 
pampinifor'me, the parovarium, c. papil- 
la Te [B N A], the papillary body. c. pinea'le 
[B N A], the pineal gland, c. pyramida'le, the 
pyramid of the medulla, c. restifor'me [B N A], 
the restiform body. See body. c. rhomboida'le, 
the corpus dentatum of the cerebellum, c. spon- 
gio'sum, the mass of erectile tissue in the lower 
part of the penis: it contains the urethra. c. 
spongio'sum ure'thraa [B N A], the submucous 
layer of the female urethra, c. ster'ni, the glad- 
iolus. c. stria'tum. See corpora striata, c. sub- 
thalam'icum, the subthalamus, c. trapezoi'- 
deum [B N A], a mass of transverse fibers extend- 
ing through the central part of the pons and form- 
ing a part of the path of the cochlear nerve. C. 
triti'ceum, a nodule of cartilage on the posterior 
thyroid ligament; from it the triticoglossus muscle 
(when present) takes its origin, c. u'teri, the 
body of the uterus, c. vertebrae [B N A], the 
centrum of a vertebra, c. vit'reum, the vitreous 
body of the eye. c. wolffia'num, the wolffian 
body. See body. 
corpuscle (kor'pus-1) [L. corpus' culum little 
body]. Any small mass, organ, or body, amni- 
otic c's, corpora amylacea. amylaceous 
c's, amyloid c's. See corpora amylacea. ax- 
ile c., axis c., the central part of a tactile 
corpuscle. Babes-Ernst c. See under body. 
Bennett's small c's. Same as Drysdale's 
c's. Bizzozero's c's, the blood-platelets, 
blood-c's. See blood, bone-c., a bone-cell. 
Burckhardt's c's, peculiar yellowish bodies 
found in trachoma secretion, calcareous c., 
one of the dentinal cells of a tooth containing lime 
or calcium, cancroid c's, the small nodules 
characteristic of epithelioma of the skin, cartilage 
c. See cartilage-cell, under cell, cement c's, 
osteogenic corpuscles occurring in the lacunas 
of tooth-cement, chorea c's, peculiar round 
hyaline bodies, concentrically laminated and 
strongly refractile, found in the perivascular sheaths 
of the vessels of the corpora striata and internal 
capsule in chorea, chromophil c. See body, 
Nissl's. chyle c's, white corpuscles found in 
chyle, and not differing from the white corpuscles 
of the blood, colloid c's, corpora amylacea. 
colostrum-c's, large granular cells in the 
colostrum, concentric c's. Same as Hassall's 
c's. corneal c's, star-shaped corpuscles within, 
the corneal spaces. Dogiel's c., a complex form 
of Krause's corpuscle found in the mucous mem- 
brane of the external genitals. Donne's c's, 
colostrum-corpuscles. Drysdale's c's, trans- 
parent microscopic cells seen in the fluid of ovarian 
cysts, dust-c's. See hemokonia. educated c., 
a body-cell, especially a leukocyte, derived from 
a mother-cell which has successfully battled 
with the bacteria or toxins of a disease. By 
this experience of the mother-cell the daughter- 
cell is, as it were, educated to withstand the attacks 
of such bacteria in future. Eichhorst's c's, 
a peculiar variety of microcytes seen in the blood 
of patients with pernicious anemia, genital c's, 
the end-buds and other forms of special nerve- 
endings occurring in the external genital organs, 
ghost c. Same as Phantom c. Gierke's 
c's, the roundish bodies found in the nervous 
system; probably identical with Hassall's cor- 
puscles. Gluge's c's, granular corpuscles in 
diseased nervous matter. Golgi's c's, small, 
spindle-shaped corpuscles found in tendons at 
the junction of the tendon with the muscular 
fibers. Called also tendon-spindles. Golgi- 
Mazzoni c's, tactile corpuscles found in the sub- 
cutaneous tissue of the finger-tips, resembling 
pacinian corpuscles, but differing from the latter 
in the possession of fewer lamellae and a rela- 
tively larger cone, and in having the contained 
nerve-fibers more extensively branched. Gran- 
dry's c's. Same as Merkel's c's. Grandry- 
Merkel c's, Merkel's corpuscles. Hassall's c's, 
small, concentrically striated bodies in the thymus, 
being the remains of epithelial tissue found in early 
stages of development of the gland. Hayem's 
elementary c's, the blood-plaques. Herbst's 
c's, peculiar sensory end-organs in the skin of 
the • bill and in the mucous membrane of the 
tongue of the duck. Jaworski's c's, spiral 
mucous bodies seen in the secretion of the stom- 
ach in hyperchlorhydria. Krause's c's, round 
end-bulbs or nerve-endings in the mucous mem- 
brane of the mouth, nose, eyes, and genitals. They 
consist of a spheroid capsule enclosing a granular 
mass in which is a neurofibril of the nerve termina- 
tion. Called also Krause's end-bulb and corpuscu- 
lum bulboideum [B N A]. Langerhans' stellate 
c's, terminations of nerve-fibers seen in the rete 
mucosum of the epidermis. Leber's c's. Same 
as Hassall's c's. Lostorfer's c's, granular bodies, 
from the blood in syphilis, lymph-c's, the cor- 
puscular elements of the lymph; not distinguishable CORPUSCLE 
285 
CORTICIPETAL 
from the white corpuscles of the blood, lymphoid 
c's, ameboid protoplasmic masses found in the 
tissue and lymph-spaces: a form of leukocyte, 
malpighian c's. i. Any lymphoid nodule of the 
spleen. 2. A tuft of blood-vessels surrounded by 
the expanded portion of the uriniferous tubule of 
the kidney. Mazzoni's c's, sensory nerve-end- 
ings resembling Krause's end-bulbs. Meissner's 
■c's, tactile corpuscles in the dermal papillae of the 
tips of the fingers and toes, in the skin over the lips, 
in the mammae, and in the external genitals. They 
•consist of a thick fibrous capsule, a granular cen- 
tral substance, and a terminal arborization of neuro- 
fibrils. Called also tactile c's and corpusculum 
iactus [BNA]. Merkel's c's, tactile corpuscles 
in the submucosa of the tongue and mouth. Each 
corpuscle consists of a sheath which is continuous 
■with the sheath of Henle of the nerve. Enclosed 
within the sheath are two flattened epithelial cells 
between the opposed surfaces of which is a bicon- 
vex disk continuous with the end of the neuro- 
flbrils. Miescher's c's. Same as Rainey's c's. 
milk-c's, delicate drops of fat suspended in 
the serum of the milk, molluscous c's. See 
molluscous bodies, under body, mucous c's, 
bodies resembling leukocytes occurring in mucus, 
muscle-c., a muscle nucleus, especially of stri- 
ated muscle, nerve-c's, the nucleated corpus- 
cles lying between the neurilemma and medul- 
lary sheath. Norris' c's, certain colorless, trans- 
parent, and invisible disks in the blood-serum. 
Nunn's gorged c's, epithelial cells found in 
ovarian cysts which have undergone a high degree 
of fatty degeneration. Called also Bennett's large 
corpuscles. Pacini's c's, pacinian c's, the 
largest of the end-organs of the skin, scattered 
throughout the subcutaneous tissues. They are 
ovoid in form and are made up of a granular cen- 
tral bulb which encloses a single terminal neuro- 
fibril and which is surrounded by a series of con- 
centric capsules. They occur in the pulp of the 
fingers, along the course of nerves, in interosseous 
membranes, in the perimysium of muscles, and in 
the mesentery and mesocolon. Called also cor- 
pusculum lamillosum [BNA]. Patterson's c's. 
Same as molluscous bodies. See body, phantom 
C., an erythrocyte from which the hemoglobin has 
been dissolved. Called also shadow-c., blood-shadow, 
and achromacyte. Purkinje's c's, large branched 
nerve-cells composing the middle layer of the 
cortex of the cerebellum. pu$-c., one of the cells 
of pus, chiefly polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 
Rainey's c's, Rainey's tubes; encapsulated, 
ovoid, sporiferous bodies found in the muscles of 
various animals, redblood-c's, the erythrocytes; 
biconcave circular disks of the blood, containing 
hemoglobin; in man they are about inch in di- 
ameter and tsJto inch thick. There are normally 
about five millions in each cubic millimeter of 
blood, renal c's. Same as malpighian c's. 
reticulated c's, red blood-corpuscles which on 
proper staining show filamentous reticulations 
filling a greater part of the cell. Ruffini's c's, 
nerve-endings in the skin having a branched 
form, and inclosed in connective tissue instead 
of epithelium. salivary c's, swollen spheric 
leukocytes found in the saliva. Schwalbe's c's, 
taste-buds, sensitized c., a given kind of ery- 
throcyte laden with an amboceptor specific for 
that variety of corpuscle. If such corpuscles are 
brought into contact with complement, hemolysis 
takes place, shadow-c. See phantom c. tac- 
tile C., a rounded or elliptic body contained 
in a tactile papilla of the corium. See Meissner's 
c's. tendon-c's, flattened cells of connective 
tissue occurring in rows between the primary 
bundles of the tendons, third c., a blood-plaque, 
thymus c. Same as Hassall's c's. Timo- 
feew's c's, a specialized form of pacinian cor- 
puscle found in the submucosa of the membranous 
and prostatic portions of the urethra, touch-c. 
See tactile c. Toynbee's c's, corneal corpuscles. 
Traube's c's, phantom corpuscles; decolorized 
red blood-corpuscles, typhic c's, epithelial cells 
of Peyer's patches which have undergone degenera- 
tion in typhoid fever. Valentin's c's, small 
amyloid bodies found in nerve-tissue. Vater's 
c's. Same as pacinian c's. Virchow's c's. 
Same as corneal c's. von Troeltsch's c's, con- 
nective-tissue spaces lined with flattened endo- 
thelial cells, and appearing like corpuscular bodies 
among the radial fibers of the membrana tympanj. 
Wagner's c's, Meissner's corpuscles, washed 
c's, the isolated red blood-corpuscles of an ani- 
mal which have been washed in a 0.8 per cent, 
saline solution and separated by centrifugalization. 
Weber's c., the sinus pocularis. white blood- 
c's, colorless blood-c's, flattened leukocytes of 
the blood: each about inch in diameter. Wris- 
berg' s c's, the cuneiform cartilages. Zimmer- 
mann's c. Same as phantom c. 
corpuscular (kor-pus'ku-lar). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of corpuscles. 
corpusculum (kor-pus'ku-lum),. pl. corpus'cula. 
Latin for corpuscle, c. bulboi'deum [BNA]. 
See Krause's corpuscles, under corpuscle. C. 
lamello'sum [B N A], Pacini's corpuscle. See 
under corpuscle, c. nervorum articula're 
[BN A], an articular nerve corpuscle, c. nervo'- 
rum genita'le, a genital corpuscle, c. nervo'- 
rum termina'le, any one of the dermal corpus- 
cles, such as those of Krause, Meissner, Pacini, 
etc. c. re'nis [BNA], a malpighian corpuscle, 
c. tac'tus [B N A], a tactile corpuscle. See 
Meissner's corpuscle, under corpuscle. 
correctant, corrective (kor-ek'tant, kor-ek'tiv). 
Same as corrigent. 
correlation (kor-rel-a'shun). In neurology, those 
combinations of the afferent impulses within the 
sensory centers which provide for the integration 
of the impulses into appropriate responses (Her- 
rick). 
Corrigan's disease, pulse, etc. (kor'ig-anz) [Sir 
Dominic John Corrigan, physician in Dublin, 
1 §02-1880]. See disease, pulse, etc. 
corrigent (kor'ij-ent) [L. cor'rigens correcting]. 
1. Amending or rendering milder. 2. Any agent 
which favorably modifies the action of a drug 
which is too powerful or harsh. 
corrosion (kor-o'zhun) [L. corro'sio]. The slow 
destruction of a tissue by the action of a cor- 
rosive. 
corrosive (kor-o'siv) [L. con with + ro'dere to 
gnaw]. Destructive to the texture or substance 
of the tissues. 
corrosol (kor'oz-ol). A mercurial preparation for 
hypodermic use: said to be non-irritating and 
painless. 
corroval (kor'o-val). A South American arrow- 
poison; a heart paralyzant. 
corrovalin (kor-o'val-in). A poisonous alkaloid 
from corroval. 
corrugator (cor'u-ga-tor) [L. con together + ru'ga 
wrinkle]. That which wrinkles; a muscle which 
wrinkles, c. supercil'ii. See muscles, table of. 
Cort. Abbreviation for L. cor'tex, bark. 
cortex (kor'teks), gen. co/ticis [L.]. 1. The bark 
of a tree or root. 2. The rind of a fruit. 3. The 
outer layers of an organ as distinguished from its 
inner substance, c. cer'ebri, the cortex of the 
brain, composed mainly of gray or cineritious 
substance, c. re'nis, the cortical substance of 
the kidney, made up of urinary tubes and blood- 
vessels, supported by a stroma or matrix. 
cortical (kor'tik-al) [L. cortica'lis]. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of a cortex or bark. 
corticifugal (kor-tis-if'u-gal) [L. cor'tex cortex + 
fu'gere to flee]. Proceeding, conducting, or mov- 
ing away from the cortex. 
corticipetal (kor-tis-ip'et-al) [L. cor'tex cortex 4- 
pe'tere to seek]. Moving, progressing, or con- 
ducting toward the cortex. CORTICO-AFFERENT 
286 
COSTOPLEURAL 
cortico-afferent (kor"tik-o-af'er-ent). Convey- 
ing impressions from the lower levels inward and 
upward to the cerebral cortex. 
cortico-efferent (kor"tik-o-ef'er-ent). Carrying 
impressions outward and downward from the 
cerebral cortex: said of certain nerve-fibers. 
corticofugal (kor-tik-of'u-gal) [cortex 4- L. fu'- 
gere to flee]. Passing away from the cortex. 
corticopeduncular (kor"tik-o-pe-dung'ku-lar). 
Pertaining to the cortex and the peduncles of the 
brain. 
corticospinal (kor"tik-o-spi'nal). Pertaining to 
the cortex of the brain and the spinal cord. 
Corti's arch, canal, organ, etc. [Alfonso Corti, 
Italian anatomist, 1822-1876]. See arch, canal, 
organ, etc. 
corundum (ko-run'dum). Native aluminum oxid, 
AI2O3. It is used as an abrasive in dentistry. 
coruscation (kor-us-ka'shun). A glittering sensa- 
tion, as of flashes of light before the eyes. 
Corvisart's disease, facies (kor-ve-sarz') [Jean 
Nicolas deCorvisart, French physician, 1755-1821]. 
See disease and facies. 
corybantism, corybantiasm (kor-ib-an'tizm, 
kor-ib-an'te-azm) [Gr. Kopv/Has a reveller]. Wild, 
frenzied, and sleepless delirium. 
corydalin (kor-id'al-in). An alkaloid from Coryd'- 
alis formo'sa; also a.concentration from the same: 
diuretic and tonic. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 
gm.). 
Corydalis (kor-id'al-is) [L., from Gr. Kopvs helmet]. 
A genus of fumariaceous herbs, of which various 
species are actively medicinal. C. formo'sa is 
considered a good antiperiodic and diuretic. 
Dose of fluidextract, 10-40 min. (0.666-2.666 c.c ). 
COryfin (kor'if-in). A colorless liquid, the menthol 
ester of ethylglycolic acid, CH2(O.C2Hj).COO- 
(C10H19): used externally as an anesthetic and 
analgesic. 
coryl (kor'il). A mixture of methyl and ethyl 
chlorids: a local anesthetic. 
coryleur (kor-il-ur7) [Fr.]. An instrument used in 
spraying with coryl. 
corylin (ko-ril'in). A protein obtained from the 
hazelnut. 
COryloform (ko-ril'o-form). An anesthetic mixture 
of ethyl and methyl chlorids and ethyl bromid. 
Corynebacterium (ko-ri"ne-bak-te're-um) [Gr. 
Kopwrj club + bacterium]. A genus of bacterial 
organisms of which C. diphtheriae is the type 
organism. They are slender, Gram-positive, non- 
motile, rod-shaped organisms with a tendency to 
form club-shaped and pointed forms and to show 
uneven staining. C. commu'ne. Same as C. 
hoffmanni. C. diphthe rise, a pathogenic species 
found in the false membrane of diphtheria which 
shows a characteristic pleomorphism and produces 
diphtheria toxin. Called also diphtheria bacillus, 
Lbffler's bacillus, Klebs-Lbffler bacillus, and Myco- 
bacterium diphtheria. C. granulo'matis ma- 
lig'ni, a species found in cases of Hodgkin's disease. 
C. hodg'kini, a bacillus in Hodgkin's disease (Bet- 
tencourt). C. hoffman'ni, a bacterial organism 
found in throat cultures and much resembling C. 
diphtheriae. It is somewhat shorter, thicker, more 
uniform in size and shape, and produces no toxin; 
It produces an alkaline reaction in both dextrose and 
saccharose bouillon. Called also Bacillus clavatus, 
Bacillus pseudodiphthericus, Bacillus hoffmanni, 
Hoffmann's bacillus. C. lym'phse vaccina'lis, 
a species discovered in lymph of calves and said to 
be present on the skin of man. C. mal'lei. 
Same as Pfeifferella mallei. C. pseudodiphthe'- 
rise. See C. hoffmanni. C. segmento'sum, an 
organism resembling C. diphtheriae which is found 
in the nose and thought at one time to be 
concerned in the production of common colds. C. 
xero'sis, a non-motile rod-shaped organism re- 
sembling C. diphtheriae which is found in cases of 
xerosis and at one time was thought to be the cause 
of the disease. It is frequently found in normal 
eyes. It produces acid in both dextrose and sac- 
charose bouillon. 
coryza (ko-ri'zah) [L.; Gr. Kopv^a]. Cold in the 
head; an acute catarrhal affection of the nasal 
mucous membrane, attended with a ropy dis- 
charge from the nostrils. C. foe'tida, ozena. C. 
cedemato'sa, a serous inflammation of the inferior 
and middle turbinate bones. 
coryzol (ko-ri'zol). A proprietary coryza prepara- 
tion containing formaldehyd and eucalyptus. 
COSaprin (kos'ap-rin). A white, crystalline com- 
pound, sodium acetsulphanilate, CH3.CO.NH.C6- 
H4.SO2.ONa, soluble in water: it is used as an 
antipyretic and antirheumatic in doses of from 5-8 
gr- (0.33-0.52 gm.) three times daily. 
Coschwitz's duct -(kosh'vits) [Georgius Daniel 
Coschwitz, German physician, 1679-1729]. See 
duct. 
cosensitize (ko-sen'sit-iz). To sensitize to two or 
more infections. 
cosmesis (koz-me'sis) [Gr. Kbauntns]. The art of 
increasing and preserving beauty. 
cosmetic (koz-met'ik) [Gr. Koapr)TiKbs]. 1. Beau- 
tifying; tending to preserve or restore comeli- 
ness. 2. A beautifying substance or prepara- 
tion. 
cosmin (koz'min). See agathin. 
cosmolin (koz'mo-lin). A trade-name for a va- 
riety of petrolatum, like vaselin; there are also 
liquid cosmolins: used chiefly in external ap- 
plications. See petrolatum. 
costa (kos'tah), pl. cos'ta [L. for rib]. A rib. c. 
fluc'tuans, a floating rib. c. fluc'tuans dec'- 
ima. See Stiller's sign, under sign, cos'tae spu'- 
rise, false ribs, cos'tae veTae, true ribs. 
costal (kos'tal) [L. costa'lis]. Pertaining to a rib 
or ribs. 
costalgia (kos-tal'je-ah) [L. cos'ta rib + Gr. fiXyos 
pain]. Pain in the ribs. 
costectomy (kos-tek'to-me) [L. cos'ta rib + Gr. 
eK-ropf] excision]. The operation of excising a rib. 
costicartilage (kos-te-kar'til-ej) [L. cos'ta rib + 
cartilage]. The cartilage of a rib. 
costicervical (kos-te-ser'vik-al). Pertaining to or 
connecting the ribs and the neck. 
costiferous (kos-tif'er-us) [L. cos'ta rib + fer're 
to carry]. Bearing a rib, as the dorsal vertebrae 
of man. 
costiform (kos'tif-orm). Shaped like a rib. 
costispinal (kos-te-spi'nal). Pertaining to or con- 
necting the ribs and spine. 
costive (kos'tiv). Affected with constipation. 
costiveness (kos'tiv-nes). Constipation of the 
bowels. 
costo-. A prefix denoting relation to the ribs. 
costocentral (kos-to-sen'tral). Pertaining to a 
rib and the centrum of a vertebra. 
costochondral (kos-to-kon'dral). Pertaining to a 
rib and its cartilage. 
costoclavicular (kos"to-klav-ik'u-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the ribs and clavicle. 
costocolic (kos-to-kol'ik). Joining the ribs and the 
colon. 
costocoracoid (kos-to-kor'ak-oid). Pertaining to 
the ribs and coracoid process. 
costodiaphragmitis (kos"to-di-af-rag-mi'tis). In- 
flammation of the costodiaphragmatic sinus. 
costogenic (kos-to-jen'ik) [L. cos'ta, rib + yewav 
to produce]. Arising from a rib, especially from 
defect of the bone-marrow of the ribs. 
costo-inferior (kos-to-in-fe're-or). Pertaining to 
the lower ribs. 
costopleural (kos-to-plu'ral). Pertaining to the 
ribs and the pleura. COSTOPNEUMOPEXY 
287 
COUP 
costopneumopexy (kos-to-nu'mo-pek-se) [L. 
cos'ta rib + Gr. Trvevnwv lung + fixing]. The 
operation of anchoring the lung to a rib. 
costoscapular (kos-to-skap'u-lar). Pertaining to 
the ribs and the scapula. 
costoscapularis (kos"to-skap-u-la'ris). The ser- 
ratus magnus muscle. 
costosternal (kos-to-ster'nal). Pertaining to a 
rib and to the sternum. 
costosuperior (kos"to-su-pe're-or). Pertaining to 
the upper ribs. 
costotome (kos'to-tom) [L. cos'ta rib + Gr. Tep.veu> 
to cut]. A knife for dividing the costal cartilages. 
costotomy (kos-tot'o-me) [L. cos'ta rib + Gr. to/mj 
a cut]. Resection of a rib. 
costotransverse (kos"to-trans-vers'). Lying be- 
tween the ribs and transverse processes of the 
vertebrae. 
costotransversectomy fkos"to-trans-ver-sek' to- 
me). Excision of a part of a rib with the trans- 
verse process of a vertebra. 
costovertebral (kos-to-verTe-bral). Pertaining to 
a rib and a vertebra. 
costoxiphoid (kos-to-zi'foid). Connecting the 
ribs and the xiphoid cartilage. 
Cotard's syndrome (cot-arz') [Jules Cotard, 
French neurologist, 1840-1887]. See syndrome. 
COtargit (ko-tar'jit). The double salt of cotarnin 
hydrochlorate and ferric chlorid: used as a hemo- 
static. 
cotarnin (ko-tar'nin). A bitter alkaloid, C12H15O4N, 
from narcotin: astringent and sedative. C. hy- 
drochlorate. See stypticin. c. phthalate, 
styptol. 
COTe. An abbreviation for cathodal opening 
tetanus. 
COto (ko'to). 1. The bark of an unknown Bolivian 
tree: useful in diarrheas and in intestinal troubles. 
Dose of fluidextract, 1-15 min. (0.066-1 c.c.); 
of powder, 1-15 gr. (0.066-1 gm.); of tincture, 
10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 2. See paracoto. 
cotoin (ko-to'in). A crystalline principle from 
coto. It is irritant to the skin and mucous mem- 
branes: it has been used in cholera and dysentery: 
to be used with caution. Dose, $-1 gr. (0.03-0.06 
gm.), c. formaldehyd, fortoin. 
cotonetin (ko-to-ne'tin). A principle, C20H16O5, 
in white scales, from coto: it is similar in its effects 
to cotoin. 
cotton (kot'n) [L. gossyp'ium]. X textile mate- 
rial derived from the seeds of various species of 
Gossyp'ium. absorbent c., cotton that has been 
rendered absorbent by removal of its fatty matter, 
c.-oil, c.-seed oil [L. o'leum gossyp'ii sem'inis], 
a fixed oil from the seed of the cotton plant: much 
used in pharmacy. C.-root, the root of Gossyp'- 
ium herba'ceum, the cotton plant. The root- 
bark (gossyp'ii cortex, U. S. P.) is diuretic and 
emmenagogue. Dose, 30 gr. (2 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 15-45 min. (1-3 c.c.). salicylated c., 
purified cotton charged with salicylic acid: an 
antiseptic dressing, styptic C., cotton impreg- 
nated in a styptic solution and dried. 
cottonoid (kot'n-oid). A felt of absorbent cot- 
ton for surgeons' use. 
Cotton-process ether (kot'on) [James H. Cotton, 
Canadian physician]. See ether. 
Cotugno (ko-toon'go). Same as Cotunnius. 
Cotunnius' aqueduct, nerve, etc. (ko-tun'e-us) 
[Domenico Cotugno, Italian anatomist, 1736-1822]. 
See aqueduct, nerve, etc. 
cotyledon (kot-il-e'don) [Gr. KOTv\-qbwv\. 1. The 
seed-leaf of the embryo of a plant. 2. Any one 
of the subdivisions of the uterine surface of the 
placenta. 
Cotylogonimus (kot-il-o-gon'im-us). A genus of 
flukes infesting dogs and cats in Egypt. 
cotyloid (kot'il-oid) [Gr. KorvXoeibqs cup-shaped], 
i. Cup-shaped. 2. Pertaining to the cotyloid 
cavity or acetabulum. 
cotylopubic (kot"il-o-pu'bik). Relating to the 
acetabulum and the os pubis. 
cotylosacral (kot"il-o-sa'kral). Relating to the 
acetabulum and the os pubis. 
couch-grass (kowtch'gras). The perennial grass, 
Agropy'rum (Trit'icum) re'pens. Its long roots 
(trit'icum, U. S. P.) are diuretic and are useful 
in cystitis. It is given in decoction ad libitum. 
Dose of fluidextract, 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.). 
couching (kowtch'ing). Displacement of the lens 
in cataract. 
cough (kawf) [L. tus'sis]. A sudden noisy expul- 
sion of air from the lungs, aneurysmal c., a 
variety of cough commonly associated with 
aneurysm, and often with paralysis of one vocal 
cord. Baine's c., cough on lying down, seen in 
obstruction of the nasopharynx, compres- 
sion c., a deep resonant cough caused by com- 
pression of the bronchi. It resembles in char- 
acter the cough of a dog and is sometimes called 
dog-c. dog-c. See compression c. dry c., 
one which is not accompanied with expec- 
toration. ear-c., a reflex cough caused by 
disease of the ear. extrapulmonary c., a 
cough due to causes outside the lungs, hack- 
ing C., a short, frequent, and feeble cough, 
hebetic c., the dry barking of puberty: cyno- 
bex hebetica. minute-gun c., whooping- 
cough with the paroxysms occurring close to- 
gether. Morton's C., a persistent cough in pul- 
monary tuberculosis which brings on vomiting and 
thus causes loss of nourishment, reflex c., a 
cough due to the irritation of some remote organ. 
Stomach c., a cough attended by reflex irritation 
from stomach disorder, tea-tasters' c., cough 
in tasters of tea, due to inhaling fungi, such as 
Monilia, Aspergillus, etc., from tea leaves, tri- 
geminal C., a cough due to irritation of the 
fibers of the trigeminal nerve distributed to the 
throat, nose, and external meatus of the ear. wet 
C., one which is attended with expectoration, 
whooping-c. See whooping-cough, winter c., 
chronic bronchitis recurring in the winter. 
coulomb (koo'lom) [after C. A. de Coulomb, French 
physicist, 1736-1806]. The unit of quantity in 
current electricity; the quantity afforded by an 
ampere of current in one second flowing against 
one ohm of resistance with a force of one volt. 
coumarin (koo'mah-rin). An odoriferous princi- 
ple, CgH9O3, from Tonka bean, sweet clover, and 
other plants. 
Councilman'ia lafleu'ri. A species of ameba 
resembling Endamceba coli, but distinguished by 
multiplying during its encystment. 
counterextension (kown"ter-eks-ten'shun). Trac- 
tion in a proximal direction coincident with trac- 
tion in the opposite direction. 
counterirritant (kown-ter-ir'it-ant). 1. Produc- 
ing a counterirritation. 2. A derivative agent. 
counterirritation (kown"ter-ir-it-a'shun). A su- 
perficial irritation; an irritation which is intended 
to relieve some other irritation. 
counteropening (kown-ter-o'pen-ing). A second 
opening, as in an abscess, made to facilitate drain- 
age. 
counterpoison (kown'fer-poi-zn). A poison 
given to counteract another poison. 
counterpuncture (kown'ter-punkt-ur). A sec- 
ond opening made opposite to another. 
counterstain (kown'ter-stan). A stain applied to 
render the effects of another stain more discern- 
ible. 
countersuggestion (kown"ter-sug-jes'chun). A 
suggestion opposed to another suggestion. 
counting-cell (kownTing-sel). See under cell. 
coup (koo) [French for "stroke"], c. de fouet (koo- 
de-foo-a') ["stroke of the whip"]. Rupture of the COURAP 
288 
CRANIO-AURAL 
plantaris muscle accompanied by a sharp disabling 
pain; whip-lash injury; lawn-tennis leg. C. de 
soleil (koo'deh so-lal') [Fr.]. A sunstroke. 
courap (koo-rap'). A disease of the skin occurring 
in India, with eruption and itching of the armpits, 
groin, breast, and face. 
courbature (koor'bah-tur) [Fr.]. Aching of the 
muscles. 
courses (kor'sez). Menses; the monthly illness 
of a woman. 
court-plaster (kort'plas-ter). A silk plaster spread 
with isinglass. 
Courvoisier'slaw, sign (koor-vwah-ze-az') [Louis 
G. Courvoisier, a French surgeon, 1843-1918]. See 
law and sign. 
coussin (koo'sin). See koussin. 
cousso (koo'so). See kousso. 
couvade (koo-vad'). An ethnic custom, in which 
the husband feigns illness during his wife's par- 
turient and puerperal periods. 
couvercle (koo'ver-kl) [Fr.]. A blood-clot formed 
outside a vessel. 
couveuse (koo-vuz') [Fr.]. See incubator. 
cover-glass (kov'er-glas). A thin glass plate 
which covers a mounted microscopic object or a 
culture. 
cowage, cowhage (kow'edj). See Mucuna. 
cow-hocked (kow-hokt). Having hocks like a cow: 
said of horses whose hocks are abnormally close to 
each other. 
Cowper's cyst, gland (kow'perz) [William Cow- 
per, English surgeon, 1666-1709]. See cyst and 
gland. 
cowperian (kow-pe're-an). Pertaining to William 
Cowper or to Cowper's cyst or gland. 
cowperitis (kow-per-i'tis). Inflammation of Cow- 
per's glands. 
cowpox (kow'poks). See vaccinia. 
coxa (koks'ah) [L.]. The hip or hip-joint. C. pla'na, 
osteochondritis deformans juvenalis. c. val'ga, 
deformity of the neck of the femur, the opposite of 
coxa vara, producing in the limb marked external 
rotation, increased abduction, and decreased ad- 
duction. Called also collum valgum, c. va'ra, 
" bent hip," bending downward of the neck of the 
femur without hip-joint disease. It is usually 
due to rickets. 
coxalgia, coxalgy (koks-al'je-ah, kok'sal-je) [L. 
cox'a hip + Gr. aXyos pain]. 1. Hip-joint dis- 
ease; tuberculosis of the hip-joint. 2. Pain in the 
hip. 
coxankylometer (kok-sang-kil-om'et-er) [L. cox'a 
hip + ayKvXos bent + perpov measure]. An in- 
strument for measuring the deformity in hip dis- 
ease. 
coxarthritis (koks-ar-thri'tis) Same as coxitis. 
coxarthrocace (koks-ar-throk'as-e). Fungous dis- 
ease of the hip-joint. 
coxarthropathy (koks-ar-throp'ath-e) [L. cox'a 
hip + Gr. apOpov joint + -n-a.fi os disease]. Hip- 
joint disease. 
coxitis (koks-i'tis). Inflammation of the hip-joint, 
senile c., rheumatoid arthritis of the hip-joint. 
coxodynia (koks-o-din'e-ah). See coxalgia. 
coxofemoral (koks-o-fem'or-al) [L. cox'a hip + 
fe'mur thigh]. Pertaining to the hip and thigh. 
coxotuberculosis (kok"so-tu-ber-ku-lo'sis) [L. 
cox'a hip + tuberculosis]. Tuberculous disease of 
the hip-joint. 
C. P. Abbreviation for chemically pure. 
Cr. The symbol for chromium. 
crab, crab-louse (krab, krab'lows). A louse, 
Phthir'ius inguina'lis, that infests the pubic region. 
crabs'-claws, crabs'-eyes. Concretions from the 
stomach of craw-fish. 
crachotement (krah-shot-maw') [Fr.]. Inability 
to spit, even with a strong desire to do so. 
crack (krak). See sand-crack. 
cracked-pot sound (krakt-pot')- A percussion- 
sound indicative of a pulmonary cavity into which 
the breath may pass. 
cradin (kra'din) [Gr. Kpa.br) fig-bough], A peptic 
ferment from the twigs and leaves of the fig-tree; 
ficoin. 
cradle (kra'dl). A frame for keeping bed-clothes 
from a wounded limb, ice-c., a device for re- 
frigerating fever patients. 
Crafts' test (krafts) [Leo M. Crafts, American 
neurologist, born 1863]. See under test. 
Craigia (kra'ge-ah) [Charles F. Craig, U. S. Army 
surgeon, born 1872]. A genus of flagellate proto- 
zoans, two species of which, C. hom'inis and C. 
mi'grans, inhabit the intestine and cause dysentery- 
like symptoms. This genus was originally named 
Paramceba by Craig. 
craigiasis (kra-gi'as-is). A diseased condition pro- 
duced by infection of the intestine with Craigia. 
It is marked by lassitude, mild headache, abdom- 
inal discomfort, and moderate diarrhea. 
cramp (kramp). A painful spasmodic muscular 
contraction, especially a tonic spasm, accessory 
C., spastic torticollis due to a lesion of the acces- 
sory nerve, auctioneers' c., a professional 
neurosis affecting mainly the left side of the 
orbicularis oris muscle, compositors' c., an 
occupation neurosis of the thumb and fingers of 
compositors, resembling writers' cramp, dactyl- 
ographers' c., an occupation neurosis similar 
to writers' cramp affecting typewriters, ham- 
mermen's C., a spasmodic affection of the muscles 
of the entire arm. heat-c., muscular cramp at- 
tended by pains, dilated pupils, and weak pulse: 
seen in those who labor in intense heat, hephes- 
tic c., hammermen's cramp, intermittent 
c. See tetany, musicians' c., a neurosis 
seen in musicians and named from the instru- 
ment used, occupation c. Same as pro- 
fessional c. professional c., a spasm of a 
group of muscles, due to excessive use in one's daily 
occupation, seamstresses' c., a neurosis of 
sewing-women, resembling writers' cramp, shav- 
ing c., a neurosis of the hands of barbers resem- 
bling writers' cramp, telegraphers' c., a neuro- 
sis resembling writers' cramp, seen in telegraphers, 
violinists' c., an occupation neurosis peculiar to 
violin players, waiters' c., spasm and pain in the 
muscles of the back and arms of table-waiters, 
watchmakers' c., a spasm of the finger muscles 
peculiar to watchmakers. writers' c., an 
occupation neurosis due to excessive writing. It 
is marked by spasmodic contraction of the muscles 
of the fingers, hand, and forearm, together with 
neuralgic pain therein. It comes on whenever an 
attempt is made to write. 
cramp-bark. The bark of Vibu/num oxycoc'cus: 
antispasmodic. Dose of fluidextract, $-2 dr. 
(2-8 c.c.). 
Crampton's line, muscle (kramp'tonz) [Sir 
Philip Crampton, Irish surgeon, 1777-1858]. See 
line and muscle. 
cram-stunt (kram'stunt). A mental defect due to 
overstudy. 
cranial (kra'ne-al) [L. crania'lis]. Pertaining to 
the cranium. 
craniamphitomy (kra"ne-am-fit'o-me) [cranium + 
Gr. ap<pl around + ropy cutting]. Division of the 
entire circumference of the skull for securing de- 
compression. 
craniectomy (kra-ne-ek'to-me) [Gr. Kpavtov skull 4- 
tKTopri excision]. Excision of a part of the skull, 
linear c., excision of a strip of the skull, done for 
the relief of microcephalus. 
cranio-acromial (kra"ne-o-ak-ro'me-al). Per- 
taining to the cranium and acromion. 
cranio-aural (kra"ne-o-aw'ral). Pertaining to the 
cranium and the ear. CRANIOCELE 
289 
CREATINEMIA 
craniocele (kra'ne-o-sel) [Gr. Kpaviov cranium + 
K-qXr] tumor]. A protrusion of any part of the 
encephalon from the cranial cavity. 
craniocerebral (kra"ne-o-ser/e-bral). Pertaining 
to the cranium and the cerebrum. 
cranioclasis (kra-ne-ok'la-sis) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 
+ K\a<Ti.s fracture]. The crushing of the fetal head. 
cranioclast (kra'ne-o-klast) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 4- 
KXaaTos broken]. An instrument for use in per- 
forming cranioclasis. 
cranioclasty (kra'ne-o-klas-te). Same as cra- 
nioclasis. 
craniocleidodysostosis (kra"ne-o-kli"do-dis- 
os-to'sis) [Gr. Kpaviov skull + xXeis clavicle 4- 
Sus- bad + oerreov bone]. Cleidocranial dysosto- 
sis. See under dysostosis. 
craniodidymus (kra"ne-o-did'im-us) [Gr. Kpaviov 
skull + bibvpos twin]. A monster with two heads. 
craniofacial (kra"ne-o-fa'shal). Pertaining to the 
cranium and the face. 
craniognomy (kra-ne-og'no-me) [Gr. Kpaviov head 
+ yveopwv an interpreter or judge]. The study 
of the shape of the head. 
craniograph (kra'ne-o-graf) [cranium + Gr. 
ypaipeev to write]. An instrument for outlining the 
skull. 
craniology (kra-ne-ol'o-je) [Gr. Kpaviov head + 
Xbyos treatise]. The scientific study of skulls. 
craniomalacia (kra"ne-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. Kpa- 
viov skull + paXaKla softness]. Abnormal softness 
of the skull; craniotabes. 
craniometer (kra-ne-om'et-er) [Gr. Kpaviov head + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for use in cra- 
niometry. 
craniometric (kra-ne-o-met'rik). Pertaining to 
craniometry. 
craniometry (kra-ne-om'et-re) [Gr. Kpaviov head + 
perpov measure]. The scientific study of the pro- 
portions of the human head. 
craniopagus (kra-ne-op'ag-us) [Gr. Kpaviov head 
+ Trqyvvvai to fix]. A twin monster united at the 
head. 
craniopathy (kra-ne-op'ath-e) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 
4- it ados disease]. Any disease of the skull. 
cranioplasty (kra'ne-o-plas-te) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 
4- irXaaaeiv to mold]. Plastic surgery of the 
skull; surgical correction of defects of the skull. 
craniopuncture (kra'ne-o-punk-tur). Puncture 
of the brain for exploratory purposes in cranial 
disease. 
craniorachischisis (kra"ne-or-ah-kis'kis-is) [Gr. 
Kpaviov cranium 4- paxes spine 4* ax'^eev to split]. 
Congenital fissure of the skull and spinal column. 
craniosacral (kra"ne-o-sa'kral). Pertaining to 
the skull and the sacrum. 
cranioschisis (kra-ne-os'kis-is) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 
4- oxides fissure]. Congenital fissure of the 
cranium. 
cranioscopy (kra-ne-os'ko-pe) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 
4- aKoireiv to view]. Diagnostic examination of 
the head. 
craniospinal (kra"ne-o-spi'nal). Pertaining to the 
cranium and spine. 
craniostenosis (kra"ne-o-ste-no'sis) [Gr. Kpaviov 
skull 4* arevcoais narrowing]. Hyperostosis cranii, 
producing contraction of the cranial fissures and 
foramina. 
craniostosis (kra"ne-os-to'sis) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 4~ 
oareov bone]. Congenital ossification of the 
cranial sutures. 
craniotabes (kra"ne-o-ta'bez) [L. cra'nium skull 
4- ta'bes a wasting]. Thinning of spots in the in- 
fantile skull, chiefly in cases of rickets and syphilis. 
craniotome (kra'ne-o-tbm) [Gr. Kpaviov skull 4- 
ropr) a cut]. An instrument for use in performing 
craniotomy. 
craniotomy (kra-ne-ot'o-me) [Gr. Kpaviov head 4- 
Topi) a cut]. The cutting in pieces of the fetal head 
to facilitate delivery. 
craniotonoscopy (kra"ne-ot-o-nos'ko-pe) [Gr. 
Kpaviov head 4~ tovos tone + aKOTreiv to view]. 
The auscultatory percussion of the head. 
craniotopography (kra"ne-o-to-pog'raf-e) [Gr. 
Kpaviov skull + topography]. The study of the re- 
lations of the surface of the skull to the various 
parts of the brain beneath. 
craniotrypesis (kra"ne-o-trip-e'sis) [Gr. Kpaviov 
head + Tpvirr)aes a piercing]. The trephination 
ofvthe skull. 
cranio tympanic (kra"ne-o-tim-pan'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the skull and its tympanum. 
cranitis (kra'ni-tis). Inflammation of the cranial 
bones. 
cranium (kra'ne-um), pl. cra'nia [L.; Gr. Kpaviov]. 
The skull or brain-pan. 
crapulent, crapulous (krap'u-lent, krap'u-lus) 
[L. crapulen'tus, crapulo'sus drunken]. Due to 
excess in eating or drinking. 
crasis (kra'sis) [L.; Gr. Kpaais mixture]. The indi- 
vidual temperament or constitution, parasitic 
C., a weakened state due to the presence of para- 
sites or favorable to infestation by them. 
crassamentum (kras-am-en'tum) [L.]. A clot, 
as of blood. 
Crast. Abbreviation for L. crasti'nus, for tomorrow, 
crataegin (krat-e'jin). A bitter crystalline com- 
pound from the bark of the twigs of Cratcegus. 
Crataegus (kra-te'gus). A genus of trees and shrubs. 
C. oxyacan'tha is the hawthorn of Europe; from its 
fruit are obtained a tincture and a fluidextract that 
have been used in cardiac neuroses. 
crateriform (kra-ter'if-orm) [L. cra'ter bowl 4- 
for'ma shape]. Depressed or hollowed, like a bowl. 
craunology (kraw-nol'o-je). Same as crenology. 
crauno therapy (kraw-no-ther'ap-e). Same as 
crenotherapy. 
cravat (krav-at') [Fr. cravate]. A form of bandage 
made by folding a triangular piece of cloth from its 
apex toward the base. 
craw-craw (kraw'kraw). An obstinate form of 
skin disease occurring in West Africa, and affecting 
chiefly the thighs and genitals, though it may 
spread over the whole body. 
crawley (kraw'le). See Corallorhiza. 
crealbin (kre-al'bin). A dry powder of creolin and 
albumin: an antiseptic for internal use. 
cream (krem) [L. ere'mor]. The oily or fatty part 
of milk whence butter is prepared, cold-c., 
ointment of rose water, leukocytic c., the 
more or less concentrated layer of leukocytes 
supposed to remain on the surface of a corpus- 
cular mixture after centrifugalization in the 
determination of the opsonic index. Moyni- 
han's C., a mixture consisting of as much bismuth 
carbonate in i : 1000 aqueous solution of Hgl2 as 
will make a thick paste: used as a wound dressing. 
C. of tartar [L. potas'sii bitar'tras], potassium bi- 
tartrate: a cathartic, diuretic, and refrigerant. 
Dose, 10-60 gr. (0.6-4 gm.). 
creamometer (kre-mom'et-er) [cream + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for the determination of 
the percentage of cream in milk. 
creasote (kre'as-ot). See creosote. 
creatin (kre'at-in) [Gr. Kpeas flesh]. A crystalliza- 
ble nitrogenous principle, NH.C(NHa).N(CH3).- 
CH2.COOH, or methyl-guanidin-acetic acid, de- 
rivable from the juice of muscular tissue. It is an 
opaque white and bitter solid; sometimes seen in 
transparent prisms. Therepeutically it is a car- 
diac, muscular, and digestive tonic. Dose, i| gr. 
(0.1 gm.). Called also kreatin. 
creatinase (kre-at'in-as). An enzyme which trans- 
forms creatin into creatinin. 
creatinemia (kre"at-in-e'me-ah) [creatin + Gr. 
al pa blood]. Excess of creatin in the blood. CREATININ 
290 
creatinin (kre-at'in-in). A basic substance, C4- 
H7N3O; creatin anhydrid: procurable from creatin 
and from urine. 
creatininase (kre-at-in'in-as). A ferment which 
decomposes creatinin into urea and methyl gly- 
cocol. 
creatorrhea (kre-at-o-re'ah) [Gr. Kpeas flesh + 
poca. flow]. The presence of muscle-fibers in the 
feces. 
creatotoxism (kre"at-o-toks'ism). Meat-poisoning, 
creatoxicon (kre-at-oks'ik-on). See kreatoxicon. 
creatoxin (kre-at-oks'in). See kreotoxin. 
creche (krash) [Fr.]. A day-nursery or shelter for 
infants. 
credargan (kre-daFgan). A proprietary form of 
colloidal silver. 
Crede's antiseptic, ointment (kra-daz') [Benno 
C. Crede, German surgeon, born 1847]. See anti- 
septic, ointment. 
Credo's method, etc. (kra-daz') [Karl Sigmund 
Franz Crede, German gynecologist, 1819-1892]. 
See method. 
creek (krek). An obsolete equivalent to ventricle 
(of the brain or of the heart). 
cremaster (kre-mas'ter) [L.; Gr. Kpepav to suspend]. 
See muscles, table of. 
cremasteric (kre-mas-teFik). Pertaining to the 
cremaster. 
cremation (kre-ma'shun) [L. crema'tio a burning]. 
The burning or incineration of dead bodies. 
crematorium (krem-at-o're-um). Crematory. 
crematory (krem'at-o-re). A furnace or establish- 
ment for the burning up of dead bodies. 
cremnocele (krem'no-sel). Labial hernia. 
cremnophobia (krem-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Kpr/pvos 
cliff + <pb^os fear]. Insane dread of precipices. 
cremo-bismuth (kre-mo-biz'muth). A mixture 
of bismuth subcarbonate suspended in water in a 
finely divided state. Dose, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.). 
cremor (kre'mor). Latin for cream, c. tar'tari, 
cream of tarta'; potassium bitartrate. 
cremule (krem'ul). A small chocolate cream: used 
as a vehicle for medicines. 
crena (kre'nah) |L.]. A notch or cleft, c. a'ni 
[B N A], the anal cleft, c. che'nium, crena ani. 
c. cor'dis, the longitudinal sulcus of the heart. 
crenasol (kren'as-ol). A disinfectant preparation 
of paracresol, metacresol, pyridin compounds, 
etc. 
crenate, crenated (kre'nat, kre'na-ted) [L. cre- 
na'tus\. Scalloped or notched. 
crenation (kre-na'shun). An abnormal notched 
appearance, as of the margins of the red blood- 
corpuscles. 
crenic acid (kre'nik). See acid. 
crenilabrin (kren-il-a'brin). A protamin obtained 
from the sperm of the cunner (fish). 
crenology (kren-ol'o-.'e) [Gr. Kp-qvq spring + \6yos 
treatise]. The science of therapeutic springs; 
craunology. 
crenotherapy (kren-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Kpnvq spring 
+ Oeparrela treatment]. Treatment by water 
from mineral springs. 
Crenothrix (kren'o-thriks) [L.; Gr. Kprjvrj spring + 
Opi^ hair]. A genus of Chalmydobacteriales. 
They consist of long, stiff, unbranched filaments 
which have a deposit of iron in the sheath. C. 
polys'pora, the only species. It occurs abun- 
dantly in the reservoirs and conduits of public 
water supplies where it forms brownish masses 
which may obstruct the flow of water and often 
imparts an unpleasant taste to the water. 
creoform (kre'o-form). Same as guaiaform. 
creolalbin (kre-ol-al'bin). Same as crealbin. 
creolin (kre'o-lin). A thick, blackish, liquid prep- 
aration, saponified coal-tar creosote; it is a de- 
odorizer, antiseptic, and hemostatic; used in sur- 
gical dressings, in obstetric cases, and in gastric 
and urinary disorders in 2 per cent, solution. 
Dose, I-5 min. (0.033-0.32 c.c.). 
creophagism, creophagy (kre-of'a-jism, kre-of'- 
aj-e) [Gr. xpeas flesh + <payeiv to eat]. The use 
of flesh food. 
cr eophen (kre'o-fen). A proprietary disinfecting 
fluid derived from coal-tar. 
creosal (kre'o-sal). Tannosal; a proprietary com- 
bination of tannic acid and the phenols of creo- 
sote: it is a dark-brown powder, antiseptic and 
astringent, and is recommended for local and 
internal use in. laryngismus. 
creosin (kre'o-sin). A patented mixture of creo- 
sote, iodin, calcium hypophosphite, and balsam 
of Peru: used like creosote. 
creosoform (kre-os'o-form). A greenish powder 
composed of formic aldehyd and creosote: anti- 
septic. 
creosol (kre'o-sol) [creosote + L. o'leum oil]. A 
colorless, oily liquid, C6H3CH3(OH)(O.CH3), from 
potassium creosotate: it is an antiseptic. Dose, 
2-2 min. (0.025-0.1 c.c.). 
creosolid (kre-o-sol'id). Magnesium creosotate; 
magnesia and creosote in equal parts: a non-irri- 
tant antiseptic. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
creosomagnesol (kre"o-so-mag'ne-sol). A dry 
compound of creosote, magnesia, and potassium 
hydroxid: antiseptic. Dose, 2 gr. (0.13 gm.), in 
a pill with honey. 
creosotal (kre-o-so'tal). A thick, brown oil, creo- 
sote carbonate, from beech wood creosote: safer 
than creosote for use as an internal antiseptic. 
Dose, 3-15 min. (0.199-1 c.c.). 
creosote (kre'o-sbt) [L. creoso'tum, from Gr. xpeas 
flesh + to preserve]. An oily, transparent, 
poisonous distillate from wood-tar; it is a local 
anesthetic, escharotic, and powerful antiseptic: 
used as a caustic for warts, etc.; externally, in 
skin diseases and unhealthy ulcers; internally, to 
arrest vomiting, and internally, hypodermically, 
and by inhalation, in pulmonary phthisis. Dose, 
1-3 min. (0.065-0.18 c.c.); of a'qua creoso'ti, 1-4 dr. 
(4-16 c.c.); of mis'turn creoso'ti, 1 fl.oz. (30 c.c.). 
The unguen' turn creoso'ti and va' por creoso'ti are 
also used. c. calcium chlorhydrophosphate, 
a syrupy, white substance containing creosote 
carbonate and calcium hydrophosphate: used in 
tuberculosis as an antiseptic. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(o-333-i gm.), c. carbonate. See creosotal. c. 
formaldehyd, creosoform. c. oleate, a yel- 
lowish, antiseptic oil. Dose, 3-10 min. (0.2-0.6 c.c.). 
c. phosphate, phosote. c. phosphite. See 
phosphotai. c. valerianate. See eosote. 
creotoxin (kre-o-tok'sin). See kr eotoxin. 
creotoxism (kre-o-tok'sizm). See kreotoxism. 
crepitant (krep'it-ant) [L. crepita're to rattle]. 
Rattling or crackling. 
crepitation (krep-it-a'shun) [L. crepita're to 
crackle]. 1. A sound like that made by rubbing 
the hair between the fingers, or like that made by 
throwing fine salt into a fire. 2. The noise made 
by rubbing together the ends of a fractured bone, 
crepitin (krep'it-in). An albumoid from the juice 
of Hura crepitans. It has an action like abrin. 
crepitus (krep'it-us) [L.]. 1. The discharge of 
. flatus from the bowels. 2. Crepitation in either 
sense; a crepitant rale, articular c., joint 
crepitus. bony c., the crackling sound pro- 
duced by the rubbing together of fragments 
of fractured bone. false c., joint c., the 
grating sensation caused by rubbing together 
of the dry synovial surfaces of joints, c. in'dux, 
a crepitant rale, or crackling sound, heard in 
pneumonia at the beginning of the process of 
solidification of the lung. c. re'dux, crepitus 
heard in the resolving stage of pneumonia, silken 
c., a sensation as of two pieces of silk rubbed be- 
tween the fingers, felt on moving a joint affected 
with hydrarthrosis. 
CREPITUS CREPUSCULAR 
291 
CRETINISM 
crepuscular (kre-pus'ku-lar) [L. crepus' culum 
twilight]. Referring to twilight, as a twilight 
state. 
cresalol (kres'al-ol). Any one of the three iso- 
meric salicylic esters of the cresols; distinguished 
as orthocresalol, metacresalol, and paracresalol; 
they are milky-white powders, of the formula 
OH.C6H4.CChC6H4.CH3: antiseptic, mainly for 
external use. The cresalols are also used internally 
for rheumatism. Dose, 4-15 gr. (0.26-1 gm.). 
cresamin (kres-am'in). An antiseptic and germi- 
cide mixture of ethylendiamin and tricresol. 
cresapol (kres'a-pol). A solution of crude cresols 
in potash soap: used as a disinfectant. 
cresaprol (kres'ap-rol). See cresin. 
cresatin (kres'at-in). Meta-cresyl acetate, CH3- 
C8H4.O(CH3CO), a colorless oily liquid, used as 
. an antiseptic and analgesic in diseases of the nose, 
throat, and ear. 
crescent (kres'ent) [L. ores'cens}. 1. Shaped like 
a new moon. 2. Either of the two lateral bands 
of gray matter in the spinal cord, each made up 
of a ventral and a dorsal cornu, articular c., a 
crescent-shaped articular fibrocartilage. c's of 
Gianuzzi, crescent-shaped groups of granular 
cells in the acini of mucous glands: also called demi- 
lunes of Heidenhain, malarial c's, the sausage- 
shaped sporonts of the parasite of pernicious 
malarial fever, myopic c., a crescentic posterior 
staphyloma in the fundus of the eye in myopia, 
c's of the spinal cord, the cornua, or horns, of 
gray matter in the spinal cord, distinguished as 
anterior and posterior, or ventral and dorsal. 
crescentic (kres-en'tik). Shaped like a crescent 
or new moon. 
crescograph (kres'ko-graf) [L. ere!cere to grow + 
Gr. ypapeev to record]. An instrument which mag- 
nifies movements and demonstrates the growth of 
plants. 
Cresegol (kres'e-gol). A parasulphonic derivative 
of cresol, mercury, and potassium: a reddish- 
brown powder: antiseptic and emetic. 
cresin (kres'in). A brown liquid containing cresol 
and sodium cresoxyl acetate: antiseptic; its weak 
solutions are used externally. 
cresochin (kres'o-kin). A somewhat soluble 
mixture of chinolin, tricresol, and chinolin-tri- 
cresol sulphonate: used in washes as a disin- 
fectant. 
cresoform (kre'so-form). Any oily fluid contain- 
ing creosote and formaldehyd. It is used as an 
antiseptic for ulcers and tuberculous lesions, and 
internally in tuberculous enteritis. Dose, 10-40 
min. (0.65-2.6 c.c.). 
cresol (kre'sol). Cresylic acid, CH3.CeH4.OH, a 
phenol from coal-tar or wood-tar: there are three 
varieties-orthocresol, metacresol, and paracresol- 
the second of which is a liquid: all are antiseptic, 
c.-anitol, a solution of metacresol in anitin: a 
remedy in erysipelas, c.-iodid, an ill-smelling, 
resinous, light-yellow powder: antiseptic. C.- 
naphthol, a viscous brown liquid: a germicide. 
C. phthalein, an indicator, ortho-cresol-phthal- 
ein, used in determination of hydrogen-ion con- 
centration. C. red, an indicator, ortho-cresol- 
sulfonphthalein: used in the determination of 
hydrogen-ion concentration. It has a Ph range of 
7.2 to 8.8, being yellow at 7.2 and red at 8.8. 
cresolene (kres'o-len). Same as anisol. 
cresolin (kres'o-lin). A proprietary antiseptic re- 
sembling creolin. 
cresorcin (kre-sor'sin). A crystalline derivative 
from cresol, C7H8O2; ditoluene. 
cresosulphuric acid (kre"so-sul-fu'rik). See 
acid. 
cresotate (kres'o-tat). Same as cresylate. 
cresotic acid (kre-so'tik). See acid. 
crest (krest) [L. cris'ta a crest]. A projecting ridge, 
especially one which surmounts a bone or its 
border, acustico-facial c., the embryonic 
structure from which develop the ganglia of the 
seventh and eighth nerves, buccinator c., a 
ridge running from the base of the coronoid process 
of the mandible to a point near the last molar tooth 
and giving attachment to the buccinator muscle, 
cross c., a fold of enamel extending across the 
face of a tooth, deltoid c., a rough elevation on 
the humerus where the deltoid muscle is attached, 
dental c., the maxillary ridge passing along the 
alveolar processes of the fetal maxillary bones, 
frontal C., a ridge in the middle line of the internal 
surface of the frontal bone, gluteal c., the gluteal 
ridge, c. of the ilium, the thickened and ex- 
panded upper border of the ilium. infratem- 
poral c., the pterygoid ridge, interosseous 
c. See interosseous ridge, under ridge, inter- 
trochanteric c. See intertrochanteric line, 
under line, lacrimal c., a vertical ridge on the 
outer surface of the lacrimal bone, malar c., 
the anterior edge of the sphenoid bone, nasal 
C., a crest on the internal border of the nasal 
bone, neural c., the ridge-like dorsal part of the 
neural tube of the embryo, giving rise to the spinal 
ganglia, obturator c., a ridge of bone extending 
from the spine of the os pubis to the. anterior ex- 
tremity of the condyloid notch, occipital c., a 
vertical ridge on the external surface of the oc- 
cipital bone, orbital c., the lower edge of the 
orbital surface of the sphenoid bone. C. of the 
pubes, a crest from the spine to the inner extrem- 
ity of the pubes, sphenofrontal c., that edge 
of the malar bone which articulates with the 
sphenoid below and the frontal above, sphe- 
noid C., the median ridge on the anterior sur- 
face of the sphenoid bone, running down from the 
ethmoid spine and forming a part of the nasal 
plate, sphenomaxillary c., a bony ridge along 
the edge of the sphenomaxillary fissure, supra- 
mastoid c., a ridge on the temporal bone above 
the auditory meatus, temporal c., a ridge on 
the temporal bone. c. of the tibia, the promi- 
nent ridge on the patellar side of the tibia, tri- 
geminal C., the embryonic structure from which 
the gasserian ganglion develops. turbinated 
c., a horizontal ridge on the internal surface of the 
palate bone. c. of the urethra. Same as 
verumontanum. 
cresyl (kres'il). An antiseptic ester, OH.CeH4.CO2.- 
C6H4.CH3, consisting of salicylic acid and cresol. 
cresylate (kres'il-at). A cresol compound in which 
the hydrogen of the hydroxyl is replaced by a base, 
cresylone (kres'il-on). A proprietary preparation 
similar to the liquor cresolis compositus of the 
U. S. P. 
creta (kre'tah) [L. for "chalk"]. Chalk, c. praep- 
ara'ta, prepared chalk; elutriated calcium car- 
bonate. It is an antacid remedy; often useful 
in diarrhea. Dose, 5-40 gr. (0.333-2.666 gm.), 
pul'vis cre'tae compos'itus, compound chalk 
powder: chalk, 30 parts; sugar, 50 parts; and gum 
arabic, 20 parts. Dose, 5-60 gr. (0.333-4 gm.). 
cretaform (kre'taf-orm). Oxymethylcresoltannin, 
a brownish-white powder: used in treatment of 
wounds. 
cretin (kre'tin) [Fr.]. A person affected with 
cretinism. 
cretinin (kre'tin-in). A compound found in the 
thyroid gland. 
cretinism (kre'tin-izm). A chronic condition, con- 
genital or developed before puberty, marked by 
arrested physical and mental development. with 
dystrophy of the bones and soft parts. Cretinism 
is regarded as a form of myxedema and is probably 
due to deficient thyroid activity. It is associated 
with disease of the thyroid body, and is endemic 
in Switzerland. fetal C., achondroplasia, 
spontaneous c., sporadic c., cretinism in a 
person not descended from cretins, and who has not 
lived in a region where cretinism prevails. CRETINISTIC 
292 
CRISTA 
cretinistic (kre-tin-is'tik). Pertaining to cretin- 
ism. 
cretinoid (kre'tin-oid). Resembling a cretin; re- 
sembling cretinism. 
cretinous (kre'tin-us). Affected with cretinism. 
crevice, gingival (krev'is). The space between the 
surface of the cervical enamel of a tooth; and the 
overlying unattached gingiva; called also sub- 
gingival space. 
crevicular (krev-ik'u-lar). Pertaining to a crevice, 
especially the gingival crevice. 
crib (krib). In dentistry, a removable anchorage 
for orthodontic appliances. 
cribbing (krib'ing). A bad habit of some horses 
in which the animal grasps the manger or other 
object with the incisor teeth, arches the neck, 
makes peculiar movements with the head, and 
swallows quantities of air. Called also crib-biting 
and wind-sucking. 
cribral (krib'ral). Pertaining to a cribrum, or sieve- 
like structure. 
cribrate (krib'rat) [L. cribra'tus]. Pitted with de- 
pressions like the holes in a sieve. 
cribration (krib-ra'shun). 1. The quality of being 
cribrate. 2. The process or act of sifting or passing 
through a sieve. 
cribriform (krib'rif-orm) [L. cri'brum a sieve + 
for'ma form]. Perforated with small apertures 
like a sieve. 
cribrum (kri'brum) [L. a "sieve"]. The lamina 
cribrosa. 
Crichton-Browne's sign (kri'ton-brownz) [Sir 
James Crichton-Browne, English physician, born 
1840]. See under sign. 
crico-arytenoid (kri"ko-ar-it-e'noid). Pertaining 
to or extending between the cricoid and aryte- 
noid cartilages. 
cricoderma (kri-ko-der'mah) [Gr. Kpbcos ring + 
beppa skin]. A disease of the skin with ring-shaped 
linear infiltration surrounding a similar but darker 
central area of infiltration. 
cricoid (kri'koid) [Gr. kp'ikos ring + ethos form]. 
1. Resembling a ring; ring-shaped. 2. The cricoid 
cartilage. See cartilage. 
cricoidectomy (kri-koid-ek'to-me). Excision of the 
cricoid cartilage. 
cricopharyngeal (kri"ko-far-in'je-al). Pertain- 
ing to the cricoid cartilage and the pharynx. 
cricothyreotomy (kri"ko-thi-re-ot'o-me) [Gr. Kpl- 
kos a ring J- Ovpeos shield + to pi) a cut]. Incision 
through the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
cricothyroid (kri-ko-thi'roid). Pertaining to or 
connecting the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
cricotomy (kri-kot'o-me) [Gr. kp'ikos ring J- to pi) a 
cut]. The surgical cutting of the thyroid cartilage. 
cricotracheotomy (kri"ko-tra-ke-ot'o-me). Cri- 
cotomy and tracheotomy together; incision of the 
cricoid and trachea. 
criminaloid (krim'in-al-oid). 1. Like a criminal. 
2. A person belonging to the criminal type of 
physique. 
criminology (krim-in-ol'o-je) [L. cri'men crime + 
Gr. Xbyos treatise]. The scientific study of crime 
and criminals. 
crinin (krin'in) [Gr. Kplveiv to separate]. A sub- 
stance which stimulates glandular secretion. 
crinis (kri'nis), pl. cri'nes. [Latin for hair], c. 
cap'itis, the hair of the head. c. pu'bis, the 
pubic hair. 
crinogenic (krin-o-jen'ik) [Gr. Kpivew to secrete 4- 
7erav to produce]. Stimulating secretion. 
crinosin (kri'no-sin) [L. cri'nis hair]. A substance 
occurring in hair-like filaments, derivable from 
brain tissue. 
Crinum (kri'num). A genus of amaryllidaceous 
plants; the root of C. asiat'icum, of India, has 
properties like those of squill. 
Cripps' obturator, operation (crips) [W. Har- 
rison Cripps, contemporary English surgeon]. See 
obturator and operation. 
crisis (kri'sis), pl. cri'ses [L.; Gr. k pirns]. i. The 
turning-point of a disease for good or evil. 2. A 
painful paroxysm, with functional disturbance, 
occurring in the course of tabes dorsalis, blood 
C., a temporary but marked increase in some one 
of the cellular constituents of the blood, bron- 
chial c., a paroxysm of dyspnea in the course of 
a case of locomotor ataxia, cardiac c., a severe 
paroxysm of palpitation of the heart occurring 
in tabes dorsalis, cerebral c., a severe and 
sudden attack of hemiplegia, apoplexy, or other 
cerebral disorder, clitoris c., an attack of sex- 
ual excitement in women in a case of tabes dorsalis. 
Dietl's C., sudden severe attacks of nephralgic 
or gastric pain, chills, fever, nausea and vomiting, 
and general collapse: said to be due to partial turn- 
ing of the kidney upon its pedicle, febrile c., an 
attack of chilliness, fever, and sweating, gastric 
C., a paroxysm of intense abdominal pain in a 
case of locomotor ataxia, hematic c., a crisis 
in the course of a fever characterized by a sudden 
increase in the blood-plates, hemoclastic c., a 
temporary leukopenia, with a relative lympho- 
cytosis, associated with a lowered blood-pressure 
and changes in blood coagulability. It occurs in 
anaphylactic shock after a meal of albuminoids in 
persons whose liver function is disordered, he- 
patic C., an attack of intense pain in the region of 
the liver, intestinal c., a sharp attack of pain in 
the intestine in a case of tabes dorsalis, laryngeal 
C., paroxysmal spasm of the larynx in the earlier 
course of locomotor ataxia. Lundvall's blood- 
C., an alteration in the state of the blood from 
leukopenia to leukocytosis in dementia prsecox. 
nephralgic C., a paroxysm of pain in the course 
of the ureter in a case of tabes dorsalis, nitri- 
toid C., a group of symptoms sometimes following 
the injection of arsphenamin, consisting of redness 
of the face, dyspnea, a feeling of distress, cough, and 
precordial pain. The condition is named from its 
resemblance to the symptoms of amyl-nitrite 
poisoning, ocular c., a sudden attack of 
intense pain in the eyes, with lacrimation, pho- 
tophobia, etc. pharyngeal c., an attack 
occurring in tabes dorsalis marked by peculiar 
sensations in the pharynx and involuntary swal- 
lowing movements, rectal c., a severe seizure 
of rectal pain in locomotor ataxia, renal c., an at- 
tack of pain resembling renal colic, occurring in 
tabes, tabetic c. See crisis, 2d def. thoracic 
C., an attack of pain resembling angina pectoris, 
but with spasmodic contracture of the muscles of 
the chest and arms in tabes dorsalis, vesical c., a 
severe seizure of pain in the bladder in cases of loco- 
motor ataxia, visceral c., a paroxysm of shoot- 
ing pain in any viscus occurring in a case of loco- 
motor ataxia. 
Crismer's test (kris'merz) [Leon Crismer, Belgian 
chemist, born 1858]. See under test. 
crispation (kris-pa'shun) [L. crispa're to curl]. 
Slight convulsive or spasmodic muscular contrac- 
tions producing a creepy sensation. 
crista (krisTah) [L. for "crest"]. A crest or ridge. 
C. acus'tica, a localized thickening of the mem- 
brane lining the ampullae of the semicircular 
canals: it is covered with neuro-epithelium con- 
taining auditory cells, c. ampulla'ris [B N A], 
crista acustica. c. ante rior tib'iae [B N A], the 
crest of the tibia, c. arcua'ta, a ridge on the ex- 
ternal surface of the arytenoid cartilage between 
the fovea triangularis and the fovea oblongata. C. 
buccinato'ria [B N A], buccinator crest. C. 
concha'lis [BNA], the inferior turbinal crest. 
C. cu'tis [B N A], any one of the ridges of skin on 
the palms and soles, c. ethmoida'lis [B N A], 
the superior turbinal crest, c. falcifor'mis, a 
ridge separating the macula cribrosa superior above 
from the other maculae cribrosae below, c. fem'- 
oris. Same as linea aspera. c. gal'li [B N A], the "cock's-comb"; a ridge on the ethmoid bone to 
which the falx cerebri is attached, c. hel'icis, a 
projection on the helix above the external meatus 
of the ear. c. il'ii, c. ili'aca [B N A], the crest 
of the ilium, c. infratempora'lis [B N A], the 
pterygoid ridge, c. interos'sea [B N A]. See 
interosseous ridge, under ridge, c. intertro- 
chanter 'ica [BN A]. See intertrochanteric line, 
under line. c. lacrima'lis posterior, the lac- 
rimal crest. See crest, c. pu'bis, the crest of 
the pubes, c. reiss'neri, a crista in the pel- 
vis of the fenestra rotunda, forming the outer 
boundary of the recessus anterior. C. sphe- 
noida'lis [B N A], See sphenoid crest, under crest. 
c. spina'rum. Same as c. tympanica. c. spira'- 
lis, a ridge on the spiral lamina of the cochlea, 
c. supraventricula'ris [B N A], a ridge on the 
inner wall of the right ventricle, marking off the 
conus arteriosus, c. teg'minis tym'pani, a 
ridge along the roof of the tympanum. C. ter- 
mina'lis [B N A], a ridge marking the upper ter- 
mination of the pectinate muscles in the right 
auricle, c. transver'sa, a ridge dividing the sur- 
face of 'the cribriform plate into two fossae. C. 
tuber'culi majo'ris [B N A], the posterior bi- 
cipital ridge, c. tuber'culi mino'ris [B N A], 
the anterior bicipital ridge. C. tympan'ica, one 
of two ridges on the anterior arm of the annulus 
tympanicus. c. ul'nae, the external border of the 
ulna. c. urethra'lis [B N A], the verumontanum. 
c. vestib'uli, a ridge on the floor of the vestibule 
between the vestibular aqueduct and fossa hemi- 
sphaerica. 
Cristispira (kris-tis-pi'rah). A genus of spiral or- 
ganisms (Spirochaetes) which are characterized by 
the presence of a membranous structure which 
runs spirally along the body. They infest the 
great crystal styles of certain mollusks. 
Critchett's operation (krit'shets) [George 
Critchett, oculist in London, 1817-1882]. See 
operation. 
crith (krith) [Gr. Kpcdp barleycorn]. The unit of 
weight for gases, being the weight in a vacuum of 
a liter of hydrogen gas at o° C. 
Crithidia (krith-id'e-ah). 1. A genus of protozoan 
organisms resembling trypanosoma; found as para- 
sites in the intestines of certain insects. 2. One of 
the developmental forms assumed by a trypano- 
some during its life in its insect host. 
critical (krit'ik-al). Of the nature of a crisis. 
CrO3. Chromic anhydrid. 
crocated (kro'ka-ted) [L. croca'tus]. Tinctured 
with or containing saffron. 
crocein (kro'se-in). Any one of a series of bright- 
red stains. 
crocidismus (kro-sid-iz'mus) [Gr. kpoki) a tuft of 
wool]. C arphology. 
crocin (kro'kin). A derivative of Crocus sativus, 
CieHisOs- 
crocose (kro'kos). A white, crystalline sugar, 
C6H12O0, formed by the decomposition of crocin. 
Crocq's serum (kroks) [Jean Crocq, a Belgian physi- 
cian of the nineteenth century]. See under serum. 
Crocus (kro'kus) [L.; Gr. Kpoeos], 1. A genus of 
iridaceous plants. 2. The dried stigmas of Cro'- 
cus sati'vus, or tree saffron: stimulant and em- 
menagogue. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.666-2 gm.); of 
tincture, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
crooked foot. See under foot. 
Crookes' space, tube [Sir William Crookes, 
English physicist, 1832-1919]. See under space 
and tube. 
cross. Any figure or structure in the shape of a 
cross. Ranvier's c's, dark, cross-shaped mark- 
ings at the nodes of Ranvier, seen on longitudinal 
section after staining with silver nitrate, silver 
C., a cross-like marking seen at the nodes of certain 
bundles of medullated nerve-fibers. 
cross-birth (kros'berth). Any abnormal presen- 
tation requiring a version. 
CRISTISPIRA 
293 
cross-fire (kros'fir). Application of radiation- 
treatment from different points on the exterior, but 
with the rays directed toward the same internal 
point, so that the rays cross one another. 
crossed (krost). Shaped or arranged like a cross: 
decussating. 
crossing-over. An interchange of factors or genes 
between the chromosomes. 
crossway, sensory (kros'wa). The posterior part 
of the internal capsule of the brain. 
Crotalaria (krot-al-a're-ah) [L., from Gr. KporaXov 
a rattle]. An extensive genus of leguminous plants, 
of which many are poisonous. 
crotalic (kro-tal'ik). Pertaining to the genus Cro- 
talus, or to the poison of snakes of that genus. 
crotalin (kro'tal-in). A protein found in the venom 
of rattlesnakes and certain other serpents. It has 
been used hypodermically in the treatment of 
epilepsy. 
crotalism (kro'tal-izm). A disease of horses caused 
by eating rattlebox, Crotala'ria sagitta'lis. Called 
also bottom disease. 
crotalotoxin (kro-tal-o-toks'in). A poisonous sub- 
stance from rattlesnake venom. 
Crotalus (kro'tal-us) [L., from Gr. Kpora\ov rattle]. 
A genus of rattlesnakes; also a homeopathic 
preparation of the virus of the rattlesnake. 
crotaphion (kro-ta'fe-on) [Gr. Kporaipos the tem- 
ple]. A craniometric point at the tip of the great 
wing of the sphenoid. 
crotchet (krot'chet) [Fr. crochet]. A hook used in 
delivering the fetus after craniotomy. 
crotin (kro'tin). A mixture of crotonallin and 
crotonglobulin. It resembles a bacterial toxin in 
that an antibody results when it is injected into an 
animal. 
Croton (kro'ton) [L.; Gr. Kpbrwv tick]. A large 
genus of euphorbiaceous trees, shrubs, and herbs, 
many of them poisonous and medicinal. See 
Cascarilla. C. tig'lium furnishes castor-oil bean, 
c.-chlo'ral. See butylchloral. c. oil [L. o'leum 
tig'lii], the fixed oil of the seeds of Cro'ton tig'- 
lium, an Asiatic plant: a drastic purgative; exter- 
nally, a vesicant. Dose, ^-2 min. (0.033-0.132 c.c.). 
crotonallin (kro-ton-al'in). A toxic albuminoid 
from the seeds of Cro'ton tig'lium. 
crotonarin (kro-ton-a'rin). A solid part from 
croton oil. 
crotonglobulin (kro-ton-glob'u-lin). A toxic al- 
buminoid from the seeds of Cro'ton tig'lium. 
crotonism (kro'ton-izm). Poisoning by croton oil. 
crotonol (kro'ton-ol). Crotonolic acid; a vesicant, 
toxic, oily principle, C9H14O2, from croton oil: 
purgative. Drastic dose, i2-22 dr. (5-10 gm.), in 
a keratin-coated pill. 
crounotherapy (kru-no-theFap-e) [Gr. Kpovvbs 
spring + depairela treatment]. Treatment of dis- 
ease by mineral waters. 
croup (kroop). A disease characterized by labo- 
rious and suffocative breathing, laryngeal spasm, 
and sometimes with a local membranous deposit, 
catarrhal c., a croupous affection with parox- 
ysms of dyspnea and a ringing, metallic cough, 
diphtheric c., diphtheria of the larynx, 
false c., spasmodic c. Same as laryngismus 
stridulus, fibrinous c., true croup, membra- 
nous C., laryngitis with formation of a pseudo- 
membrane. It may be diphtheric {laryngeal diph- 
theria] or a simple plastic inflammation. _ Called 
also pseudomembranous c. and true c. uterine c., 
croupous inflammation of the lining of the uterus, 
croupous (kroo'pus). Of the nature of croup, or 
attended with an exudation like that of croup. 
croupy (kroop'e). Affected with or resembling 
croup. 
crown (krown) [L. coro'na]. 1. Same as corona. 
2. The portion of a tooth which projects from the 
tissues in which the root is fixed and which is cov- 
CROWN CROWNWORK 
294 
CRYPT 
ered with enampl. artificial c., a crown of 
metal or of porcelain to be fitted upon the root of 
a natural tooth, bell c., a bell-shaped tooth 
crown having its broad end at the occlusal surface 
Bischoff's c., the inner layer formed from the 
duplication of the epithelial capsule of the ovum 
cap c., an artificial tooth crown fitted like a cap 
over the remains of a natural root, collar c., an 
artificial crown attached by a metal ferrule to a 
natural root. Called also Richmond c. half-cap 
C., an artificial tooth crown attached by a metal 
band which covers only the lingual surface of the 
tooth which supports it. Morrison c., a cap 
crown of gold made in two pieces, a band and a 
swaged occluded surface. Richmond c. See 
collar c. shell c. See cap c. 
crownwork (krown'wurk). The application of 
artificial crowns to teeth; also a piece of such work. 
crucial (kru'shal) [L. crucia'lis], 1. Shaped like a 
cross. 2. Severe, searching, and decisive. 
crucible (kru'sib-1) [L. crucib'ulum]. A vessel for 
melting refractory substances. 
cruciform (kru'sif-orm) [L. crux cross + for'ma 
form]. Shaped like a cross. 
crude (krud) [L. cru'dus raw]. Raw or unrefined, 
cruentation (kroo-en-ta'shun) [L. cru'or, blood]. 
In medieval jurisprudence, the supposed bleeding 
of the corpse in the presence of the murderer 
cruor (kru'or), pl. cruo'res [L.]. A blood-clot that 
contains red corpuscles. 
crupper (krup'er). The rump of a horse, or the 
part behind the saddle. 
crura (kru'rah) [LJ. The plural of crus. c. cere- 
bel'li, the peduncles of the cerebellum, c. cer'- 
ebri, a pair of bands which connect the pons and 
oblongata with the cerebrum, c. of the dia- 
phragm, the two pillars which connect the dia- 
phragm to the spinal column, c. of the fornix, 
the arches formed by the division of the extremi- 
ties of the fornix, c. of the penis, the backward 
extensions of the corpora cavernosa of the penis. 
crurseus (kru-re'us). See muscles, table of. 
crural (kru'ral). 1. Pertaining to the leg or thigh. 
2. Pertaining to the crus cerebri. 
crurin (kru'rin). A yellowish, pungent, insoluble 
powder, quinolin-bismuth sulphocyanate, (C9H7- 
N.HSCN)3Bi(SCN)s. It is astringent and anti- 
septic and is used in treating ulcers of the leg and 
in gonorrhea. 
crus (krus), pl. cru'ra (q. v.) [L.]. The leg or any 
part resembling a leg. c. clitor'idis [B N A], the 
continuation on each side of the corpus cavernosum 
of the clitoris, diverging posteriorly to be attached 
to the pubic arch. c. for'nicis [B N A]. See 
crura of the fornix. 
crusocreatinin (kru"so-kre-at'in-in). See chryso- 
kreatinin. 
crust (krust) [L. crus'ta], Any outer layer; espe- 
cially an outer layer of solid matter formed by 
the drying of a bodily exudate or secretion, bul- 
lock's-liver c., the reddish-brown crust of a 
scorbutic ulcer, limpet-shell c., the form 
of crust seen upon the sore of syphilitic rupia. 
milk-c. Same as crusta lactea. 
crusta (krus'tah) [L. "a crust"]. The lower and 
ventral portion of the crura cerebri below the 
substantia nigra. Also called pes. C. lac'tea, 
seborrhea of the scalp of nursing infants. C. 
petro'sa, the cement of a tooth, c. phlogis'- 
tica, the bufiy coat or yellow layer on the surface 
of a blood-clot when coagulation is completed, 
caused by the settling of the red corpuscles. 
Crustacea (krus-ta'she-ah) [L., from crus'ta shell], A 
large class of animals, including the lobsters, crabs, 
shrimps, wood-lice, water-fleas, barnacles, etc. 
crustal (krus'tai). Pertaining to the crusta. 
crutch (krutch). A staff long enough to reach from 
the arm-pit to the ground, used for supporting the 
weight of the body. c.-paralysis, paralysis, 
chiefly of the musculospiral nerve, from pressure 
of crutch in arm-pit. 
Cruveilhier's atrophy, disease, etc. (kroo-va- 
yaz') [Jean Cruveilhier, French pathologist, 1791- 
1874]. See atrophy, disease, etc. 
Cruz trypanosomiasis (kruz) [Oswaldo Cruz, 
Brazilian physician, 1871-1917]. Chagas' disease. 
cry (kri). A sudden loud vocal sound, articular 
c. Same as joint c. Douglas c., a sharp, pro- 
longed cry uttered by a patient when, during 
laparotomy, the culdesac of Douglas is wiped, 
epileptic c., a loud scream which often occurs at 
the onset of an epileptic attack, hydrocephalic 
C., a loud involuntary cry uttered by patients with 
acute tuberculous meningitis, joint c. Same as 
night c. night C., a shrill cry uttered by a child in 
sleep, often heard in beginning joint disease. 
cryalgesia (kri-al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. Kpvos cold + aXyos 
pain]. Pain due to the application of cold. 
cryanesthesia (kri-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. Kpvos 
cold + anesthesia]. Loss of the power of perceiving 
cold. 
cryesthesia (kri-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. Kpvos cold + 
acoOrjais perception]. Abnormal sensitiveness to 
cold. 
crymodynia (kri-mo-din'e-ah) [Gr. kpopos frost + 
68vvr) pain]. Rheumatic pain coming on in cold 
or damp weather. 
crymo therapeutics (kri"mo-ther-ap-u'tiks). Same 
as crymotherapy. 
crymotherapy (kri-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Kpvos cold 4- 
therapy]. The therapeutic use of cold. 
cryocautery (kri-o-kaw'ter-e) [Gr. Kpvos cold + 
cautery]. See cold cautery, under cautery. 
cryofin (kri'o-fin). A white, crystalline compound, 
odorless and tasteless, formed by the action of 
methylglycolic acid on paraphenetidin. Used as 
an analgesic and antiseptic, especially in sciatica. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.66 gm.). , 
cryogen (kri'o-jen) [Gr. Kpvos cold + yewav to 
produce]. A substance for producing low temper- 
atures; a freezing mixture. 
cryogenic (kri-o-jen'ik). Pertaining to the produc- 
tion of low temperatures; producing low temper- 
atures. 
cryogenin (kri-o-je'nin). Metabenzaminosemicar- 
bazid, NH2.CO.C6H4(NH)2CONH2, a compound 
soluble in alcohol to the extent of 5 per cent. It 
is strongly antiseptic and is used in tuberculosis, 
typhoid fever, and influenza. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.33-1 gm.) daily. 
cryohydrate (kri-o-hi'drat) [Gr. Kpvos cold + hy- 
drate], A eutectic mixture (q. v.), especially one 
having water as one of its constituents. 
cryometer (kri-om'et-er) [Gr. Kpvos cold + perpov 
measure]. A thermometer for measuring very 
low temperatures. 
cryoscope (kri'o-skop). An apparatus for perform- 
ing cryoscopy. 
cryoscopic (kri-o-skop'ik). Pertaining to cryos- 
copy. 
cryoscopy (kri-os'ko-pe) [Gr. Kpvos cold + oKoireiu 
to examine]. Examination of liquids, based on 
the principle that the freezing-point of solutions 
varies according to the amount and the nature of 
the substance contained in them in solution. 
cryostase (kri'os-tas) [Gr. Kpvos cold]. An anti- 
septic mixture of camphor, phenol, and saponin, 
with a little oil of turpentine: heat solidifies and cold 
melts it. 
crypt (kript) [L. cryp'ta, from Gr. kpvtttos hidden]. 
A follicle or pit. dental c., the space occupied 
by a developing tooth, c's of Lieberkuhn, 
simple tubular glands opening on the surface of 
the intestinal mucous membrane, c's of Mor- 
gagni, small recesses or pockets in the mucous 
surface of the rectum, synovial c., a pouch in 
the synovial membrane of a joint CRYPTANAMNESIA 
295 
CRYSTALLOID 
cryptanamnesia (kript"an-am-ne'se-ah). Crypt- 
omnesia. 
cryptic (krip'tik) [Gr. KpvirriKbs hidden]. Con- 
cealed, hidden, larval. 
cryptitis (krip-ti'tis). Inflammation of a crypt. 
cryptocephalus (krip-to-sef'al-us) [Gr. Kpvirrbs 
hidden + KetpaXi) head]. A monster with an in- 
conspicuous head. 
cryptococco'sis epider'mica. A skin disease of 
the tropics caused by the fungus Cryptococ'cus epi- 
der'midis and marked by the presence on the arms, 
neck, or chest of small roundish patches of a dirty 
yellow or brown color. 
Cryptococcus (krip-to-kok'us). A genus of fungi. 
C. degen'erans has been found in ulcers. C. 
epider'midis, the fungus causing human crypto- 
coccosis. C. farcimino'sus. Same as Blasto- 
myces farciminosus. C. Gilchris'ti causes a 
blastomycetic infection in man. C. hom'inis 
has been found in abscesses. C. lin'guse pilo'sae, 
an yeast-like organism found in cases of black- 
tongue. C. xanthogen'icus, a small spheric 
anilinophil coccus, swiftly motile, derived from a 
yellow-fever cadaver: pathogenic to animals. 
cryptocrystalline (krip-to-kris'tal-in) [Gr. Kpvirros 
concealed + crystalline]. Composed of crystals 
of microscopic size. 
cryptodidymus (krip-to-did'im-us) [Gr. Kpvirrbs 
concealed + bibvpos twin], A teratism in which 
one twin is concealed within another. 
cryptogam (krip'to-gam) [Gr. Kpvirrbs concealed 
+ yapos marriage]. Any one of the lower plants 
that have no true flowers, but propagate by 
spores. 
cryptogenetic, cryptogenic (krip"to-jen-et'ik, 
krip-to-jen'ik) [Gr. Kpvirrbs hidden + to 
produce]. Of obscure, doubtful, or unascertainable 
origin. 
cryptoglioma (krip"to-gli-o'mah) [Gr. Kpvirrbs 
hidden -f- glioma]. One of the stages in the de- 
velopment of glioma of the retina, marked by 
shrinking of the eyeball due to cyclitis, which 
masks the presence of the growth. 
cryptolith (krip'to-lith) [Gr. Kpvirri] crypt + XIOos 
stone]. A calculus or concretion in a crypt. 
cryptolithiasis (krip-to-lith-i'as-is) [see cryptolith]. 
Calcification of tumors of the skin. 
cryptomenorrhea (krip"to-men-o-re'ah) [Gr. 
Kpvirros hidden + menorrhea]. A condition in 
which the monthly molimina are experienced but 
no external manifestations occur. 
cryptomerorachischisis (krip"to-me"ro-rak-is'- 
kis-is) [Gr. Kpvirrbs hidden + pepos part + paxes 
spine + axeaes cleavage]. Spina bifida occulta. 
cryptomnesia (krip-tom-ne'ze-ah) [Gr. Kpvirrbs 
hidden + pvija is memory]. Subconscious memory. 
cryptoneurous (krip-to-nu'rus) [Gr. Kpiirrbs hid- 
den + vevpov nerve]. Having no definite or dis- 
tinct nervous system. 
cryptophthalmus (krip-tof-thal'mus) [Gr. Kpvirrbs 
hidden + o<p6aXpbs eye]. Complete congenital 
adhesion of the eyelids. 
cryptopin (krip'to-pin) [Gr.^ Kpvirrbs hidden + 
biriov opium]. A hypnotic, anodyne, and poison- 
ous alkaloid, C21H23NO5, from opium. Dose, f gr. 
(0.008 gm.). 
cryptoplasmic (krip-to-plas'mik). Occurring in a 
concealed form: said of an infection in which the 
infecting organism has concealed itself. 
cryptopodia (krip-to-po'de-ah) [Gr. Kpiirrbs hidden 
+ irovs foot]. A condition characterized by swell- 
ing of the lower part of the leg and dorsum of the 
foot so as to cover all but the soles of the feet. 
cryptopyic (krip-to-pi'ik) [Gr. Kpvirrbs concealed + 
irvov pus]. Attended by concealed suppuration. 
cryptoradiometer (krip"to-ra-de-om'et-er) [Gr. 
Kpvirrbs concealed + L. radius, ray 4- Gr. perpov 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring the pene- 
trative power of x-rays. 
cryptorchid, cryptorchis (krip-tor'kid, krip-tor'- 
kis) [Gr. Kpvirrbs hidden + opxis testis]. A per- 
son whose testicles have not descended into the 
scrotum. 
cryptorchidectomy (krip"tor-kid-ek/to-me) [cryp- 
torchid + Gr. euro pi] excision]. Excision of an 
undescended testicle. 
cryptorchidism, cryptorchism (krip-toFkid-izm, 
krip-tor'kizm). Concealment of the testes within 
the abdomen. 
cryptorchidy (krip-tor'kid-e). Same as cryptor- 
chidism. 
cryptorheic (krip-to-re'ik). Cryptorhetic. 
cryptorhetic (krip-to-ret'ik) [Gr. Kpvirrbs hidden 
+ poia flow]. Pertaining to the internal secre- 
tions. 
cryptorrhea (krip-to-re'ah). Abnormal activity of 
an endocrine organ. 
cryptoscope (krip'to-skop) [Gr. Kpvirros hidden + 
aKoireiv to view], A fluoroscope. 
cryptoscopy (krip-tos'ko-pe). Fluoroscopy. 
cryptotoxic (krip-to-toks'ik) [Gr. Kpiirrbs hidden + 
toxic], Having hidden toxic properties: said of a 
solution normally non-toxic, but which may become 
toxic when the colloidal balance is disturbed. 
Crys. Abbreviation for crystal. 
crystal (kris'tal) [Gr. KpvaraWos ice]. A naturally 
produced angular solid of definite form. asth- 
ma-c's, Charcot-Leyden crystals, blood-c's, 
hematoidin crystals in the blood. Bottcher's 
c's, microscopic crystals seen on adding a drop of 
solution of ammonium phosphate to a drop of 
prostatic fluid. Charcot-Leyden c's, minute 
crystals in the sputum of asthma and bronchitis. 
Charcot-Neumann c's, minute crystals of sper- 
min phosphate found in semen and various ani- 
mal tissues. Charcot-Robin c's, minute crys- 
tals occurring in the blbod of leukemic patients, 
coffin-lid c's, peculiar indented crystals of am- 
moniomagnesium phosphate from alkaline urine. 
Called also knife-rest c's. dumb-bell c's, 
crystals of calcium oxalate occurring in the urine, 
ear-c. Same as otolith. Florence c's, crystals 
formed by the action of iodin on any liquid con- 
taining lecithin, as in semen, hedgehog c's, a 
spiny form of uric-acid concretions, knife-rest 
c's, peculiar notched crystals of triple phosphate 
in the urine, leukocytic c's. Same as Charcot- 
Leyden's c's. Lubarsch's c's, crystals in the 
testis resembling sperm crystals. Platner's c's, 
crystals of the salts of the bile acids, sperm c's, 
spermin c's, crystals of spermin phosphate in the 
semen. Teichmann's c's, crystals of hemin. 
Virchow's c's, yellow or orange-colored crystals 
of hematoidin sometimes seen in extravasated 
blood, whetstone c's, crystals of xanthin some- 
times seen in urine. 
crystal violet. Hexamethyl pararosanilin. 
crystalbumin (kris-tal-bu'min). An albuminous 
substance found in an aqueous extract of the 
crystalline lens. 
crystalfibrin (kris"tal-fi'brin). A substance ex- 
tracted from the crystalline lens by the action of 
hydrochloric acid. 
crystallin (kris-tal'in). i. A protein belonging to 
the class of vitellins and existing in the crystalline 
lens of the eye. 2. A solution of pyroxylin in 
wood-alcohol and amyl acetate: used like collo- 
dion. 3. Sozoiodol. 
crystalline (kris'tal-in). Resembling a crystal 
in nature or clearness. C. humor, c. lens, the 
lens of the eye. See lens. 
crystallitis (kris-tal-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
crystalline lens; phakitis. 
crystallization (kris"tal-iz-a'shun). The forma- 
tion of crystals. 
crystalloid (kris'tal-oid) [Gr. KpvaraXXos crystal 
+ eibos form]. 1. Resembling a crystal. 2. A 
non-colloid substance; a substance which, in solu- CRYSTALLOIDITIS 
296 
CULTURAL 
tion, passes readily through animal membranes, 
lowers the freezing-point of the solvent containing 
it, and is generally capable of being crystallized. 
Cf. colloid. 
crystalloiditis (kris-tal-oi-di'tis). Inflammation of 
the crystalline lens; phakitis. 
crystallophobia (kris"tal-o-fo'be-ah) [crystal + 
Gr <p60os fear]. Insane dread of glass objects. 
crystallose (kris'tal-bs). A soluble crystalline 
salt of sodium and saccharin, four hundred times 
as sweet as sugar. It is used in diabetes, corpu- 
lence, fermentative dyspepsia, etc. 
crystalluridrosis (kris"tal-u-rid-ro'sis) [Gr. Kpwr- 
TaXXos crystal + ovpov urine 4- i6pws sweat]. A 
condition in which urinary elements from the sweat 
crystallize on the skin. 
C S,. Carbon bisulphid. 
C. S. Abbreviation for current strength. 
Cs. The symbol for cesium. 
C. S. M. Abbreviation for cerebrospinal menin- 
gitis. 
Cteinophyte (ti'no-fit) [Gr. Krelveiv to kill + 
tpvrov plant]. A parasitic fungus which has a de- 
structive action upon its host. 
Ctenocephalus (te-no-sef'al-us). A genus of fleas 
which includes the dog flea, C. canis, and the cat 
flea, C. felis. 
Ctesias (te'se-as). A Greek physician and historian 
who was a contemporary of Xenophon, flourishing 
about 400 B. C. 
ctetology (te-tol'o-je) [Gr. kt^tos that may be ac- 
quired + Xoyos treatise]. That branch of biology 
which treats of acquired characters. 
Cu. The symbol for copper (cuprum). 
cubeb (ku'beb) [L. cube'ba; Arabic kaba'ba}. The 
dried unripe fruit of Pi'per cube'ba, a piperaceous 
plant of Java. It is a stimulant diuretic, and is 
used in gonorrhea, leukorrhea, urethritis, etc. 
Dose in powder, 10-60 gr. (0.666-4 gm-); of fluid- 
extract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of oleoresin, 
5-20 min. (0.333-1.333 c.c.); of volatile oil, 5-20 
min. (0.333-1.333 c.c.); of tincture, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 
c.c.). c. camphor, a crystalline deposit from 
oil of cubebs, C15H26O. 
cubebene (ku'beb-en). An eleopten from oil of 
cubebs, C15H24. 
cubebic acid (ku-be'bik). See acid. 
cubebin (ku-be'bin). An inactive crystalline prin- 
ciple, C10Hjo03, from cubeb. 
cubebism (ku'beb-izm). Poisoning by cubebs. 
cubicle (ku'bik-el). One of the compartments in a 
dormitory or a ward separated from adjoining 
compartments and from the rest of the room by 
low partitions. 
cubilose (ku'bil-6s) [L. cubi'le nest]. A mucilag- 
inous and nutritious principle from the edible nest 
of the swiftlet, Colloca'lia esculen'ta, of southern 
Asia. It is an excretion from the stomach of 
the bird. 
cubital (ku'bit-al). Pertaining to the ulna or to 
the forearm. 
cubitale (ku-bit-a'le). The cuneiform bone. 
cubitalis (ku-bit-a'lis) [L.]. One of the ulnar mus- 
cles. c. ante'rior, c. inter'nus, the flexor 
carpi ulnaris. See under muscles, table of. C. 
gra'cilis, the palmaris longus. See muscles, 
table of. c. poste'rior, c. exter'nus, the ex- 
tensor carpi ulnaris. See muscles, table of. c. 
Riola'ni, the anconeus. See muscles, table of. 
cubitocarpal (ku"bit-o-kar'pal). Pertaining to 
the radius and the carpus. 
cubitoradial (ku"bit-o-ra'de-al). Pertaining to the 
radius and the ulna. 
cubitus (ku'bit-us) [L. " elbow "]. The forearm. 
C. val'gus, deformity of the forearm in which it 
deviates inwardly when extended, c. va'rus. See 
deformity, gunstock. 
cuboid, cuboidal (ku'boid, ku-boid'al) [Gr. kv^o- 
€16975]. 1. Resembling a cube. 2. The cuboid 
bone: on the outer side of the tarsus, between the 
calcaneum and the fourth and fifth metatarsals. 
cuboides (ku-boi'dez). The cuboid bone, 
cucullaris (ku-ku-la'ris). The trapezius muscle, 
cucumber (ku'kum-ber) [L. cu'cumis]. The fruit 
of various species of Cu'cumis, chiefly C. sati'vus. 
The seeds are diuretic. 
cucurbitol (ku-ker'bit-ol). A sterol, C24H40O4, ob- 
tained from Watermelon seeds. 
cucurbitula (ku-kur-bit'u-lah) [L.]. A cupping- 
glass. c. cruen'ta, a wet cup, or one applied to 
draw blood. C. sic'ca, a dry cup: one which 
does not draw blood. 
cudbear (kud'bar). A red-brown powder, obtained 
from lichens, such as Lecano'ra tarla'rea: used as a 
coloring-matter in pharmacy. Called also persio. 
Cuguilliere's serum (ke-ge-yaz') [E. Cuguilliere, 
contemporary French physician]. See under 
serum. 
cuichunchuli (kwe-chun-choo'ye) [Spanish Amer- 
ican], A violaceous plant, lonid'ium parviflo'- 
rum, of South America: emetic, cathartic, and 
diuretic; not very different from ipecac in its 
effects. 
cuirass, tabetic (kwe'ras). An area of dimin- 
ished sense of touch encircling the chest of pa- 
tients with tabes dorsalis. 
Cuj., cuj. Abbreviation for L. cu'jus, of which. 
Culdesac (kul'deh-sahk') [Fr.]. A blind pouch 
or cecum; a cavity closed at one end. conjunc- 
tival C., the fold formed by the junction of the 
palpebral and ocular conjunctive. Douglas' c., 
a pouch between the anterior wall of the rectum and 
the uterus, dural c., the caudal portion of the 
dural sac. 
Culex (ku'leks) [L. "gnat"]. The common American 
mosquito. A genus characterized by short palpi 
and by holding the body parallel to the surface on 
which it rests while the head and beak are bent at 
an angle to the body. C. fat'igans, the tropical 
house mosquito. The species which transmits 
dengue and probably filariasis. C. fascia'tus. 
See Stegomyia calopus. C. pi'piens is the gnat, 
and is thought to be the distributor of dengue. 
C. quinquefascia'tus. See Culex fatigans. C. 
ter'ritans, a common form in the northwestern 
United States which does not annoy man. 
culicicide (ku-lis'is-Id). Same as culicide. 
Culicidae (ku-lis'id-e). A family of insects of the 
order Diptera, including the mosquitos. There 
are ten subfamilies, of which three are of medical 
interest: Anophelinae, Culicine, and Edinae. 
culicidal (ku-lis-i'dal). Destructive to the culex. 
culicide (ku'lis-id) [L. cu'lex gnat + ca'dere to kill]. 
An agent destructive to gnats and mosquitos. 
Minn's c., phenol camphor volatilized by heat 
and allowed to diffuse through a room. 
culicifuge (ku-lis'if-uj) [L. cu'lex gnat + fu'ga 
banishment]. A preparation intended to prevent 
the attacks of gnats and mosquitos. 
Culicinse (ku-lis-i'ne). A subfamily of the Culic- 
idae, containing two genera, Culex and Stegomyia. 
Cullen's sign (kul'enz) [Thomas S. Cullen, Balti- 
more surgeon, born 1868]. See under sign. 
culmen (kul'men), pl. cul'mina [L. "ridge"] [B N 
A]. The anterior superior part of the monticulus; 
a lobe of the cerebellum made up of the portion of 
the vermiform process between the anterior cres- 
centic lobes. Called also culmen monticuli. 
cultivation (kul-tiv-a'shun) [L. cultiva'tio\. The 
artificial propagation of microorganisms. frac- 
tional C., cultivation in which a small portion of 
a culture containing several species of bacteria is 
used to form a new culture, and a small portion of 
this culture to form another, and so on until 
practically a pure culture is obtained. 
cultural (kul'tu-ral). Pertaining to a culture. culttire (kul'tur) [L. cultu'rd\. 1. The propaga- 
tion of microorganisms. 2. -A growth of mi- 
croorganisms. agar c., a growth of microor- 
ganisms on some form of agar culture-medium, 
attenuated c., a culture of microorganisms 
that have been made less virulent by some 
process or that have become less virulent by 
natural processes, bouillon c., a growth of 
microorganisms in some form of bouillon culture- 
medium. direct c., a bacterial culture made by 
direct transfer from a natural source to an artificial 
medium, drop-c., one in which a drop of some 
material containing bacteria is placed, flask c., 
a culture made on a medium hardened on one side 
of a flat flask, gelatin c., a growth of micro- 
organisms on some form of gelatin culture-medium, 
hanging-block c., a culture in which the in- 
oculation is made on a block of agar medium 
fastened to a cover-glass, which is then inverted 
over a hollowed slide, hanging-drop c., a 
culture in which the organisms are inoculated into 
a drop of fluid attached to a cover-glass and 
which is inverted over a hollowed slide, liquid 
c., a culture made in a liquid medium, c. me- 
dium. See culture-medium, nail-c., a culture 
in which the growth resembles in shape a nail 
driven into the medium, needle-c., a stab- 
culture. negative c., a culture made from 
suspected matter which is not followed by bacterial 
growth, plate-c., a culture spread upon a flat 
surface, usually of glass, puncture c., a stab- 
or needle-culture, pure c., a culture of a single 
bacterial species, race c., eugenics, roll c., 
a culture made by placing the medium in a test- 
tube, rapidly revolving it, and cooling on ice. 
sensitized c., a bacterial culture to which has 
been added its specific antiserum. See sensi- 
tized vaccine under vaccine, shake c., a cul- 
ture made by inoculating the medium and dis- 
tributing the organism through it by shaking, 
slant c., one made on a slanting surface, slide- 
C., a bacterial culture made on a microscopic 
slide, smear-c., a bacteriologic culture made by 
smearing the inoculating material on the surface 
of the medium, solid c., one in which a solid 
medium is employed, stab-c., one in which the 
medium is inoculated by means of a needle thrust 
deeply into its substance, stick c. Same as 
stab-c. Stock C., a permanent culture from which 
transfers may be made, streak-c., stroke c., 
a culture in which the medium is inoculated by 
drawing an infected wire over it. thrust C. 
Same as stab-c. tissue c., the cultivation of tissue 
cells in vitro, trouser-leg c., a culture which 
forms an area in the culture-medium resembling 
a trouser-leg or stocking-leg. tube-c., one made 
in a test-tube. 
culture-dish (kult'ur-dish). A shallow glass dish 
for making bacterial cultures. 
culture-flask (kult'ur-flask). A flask for growing 
bacterial cultures. 
culture-medium (kul'tur-me'di-um). Any sub- 
stance or preparation suitable for, prepared for, and 
used for the cultivation of microorganisms, 
aesculin c. See cesculin agar, agar c., one of 
the various forms of culture-media in which agar- 
agar is used as the solidifying agent. See under 
agar and also agar gelatin, under gelatin, animal 
tissue c., a bacteriologic culture-medium con- 
sisting of pieces of tissue or of organs of a rabbit 
or other animal supported in test-tubes by means 
of glass rods in such a way that they are in con- 
tact with, but not submerged in a 6 per cent, solu- 
tion of glycerol. Aronson's c., an alkaline 
medium for the isolation of the cholera spirillum. 
It consists of agar-agar 35 gm., meat extract and 
peptone each 10 gm., sodium chlorid 5 gm., sodium 
carbonate (10 per cent, solution) 60 c.c., cane- 
sugar (20 per cent, solution) 50 c.c., dextrin (20 per 
cent, solution) 50 c.c., basic fuchsin (saturated 
solution) 4 c.c., sodium sulphite (10 per cent, 
solution) 20 c.c., and water 1000 c.c. artificial 
CULTURE 
297 
sea-water c. See under waler, ascitic fluid 
C. See ascitic fluid agar and ascitic fluid bouillon. 
Ashby's c. See Ashby's agar, asparagin c. 
(Fraenkel and Voges), a synthetic medium con- 
taining asparagin 4 gm., disodium acid phosphate 
2 gm., ammonium lactate 6 gm., and sodium 
chlorid 5 gm., in water 1000 c.c. asparagin c. 
(Uschinsky), a synthetic medium containing as- 
paragin 3.4 gm., ammonium lactate 10 gm., so- 
dium chlorid 5 gm., magnesium sulphate 0.2 gm., 
calcium chlorid 0.1 gm., monopotassium acid 
phosphate 1 gm. and glycerol 40 c.c. in water 
1000 c.c. Avery's sodium oleate c. See 
sodium oleate agar. Bariekow's c., to a 1 per 
cent, solution of nutrose add | per cent, of sodium 
chlorid, 1 per cent, of lactose, and sufficient litmus 
to color it a pale blue, beer-wort c., 1 part of 
crushed malt macerated in 3 parts of water, then 
filtered and sterilized. Beyrnick's C., Beyr- 
nick's solution, bile C., a mixture of ox bile 900 
c.c., glycerol 100 c.c., and peptone 20 gm. It is 
used in obtaining blood-cultures of Bacterium 
typhosum. bile-salt c., nutrient bouillon con- 
taining | per cent, each of dextrose and sodium 
taurocholate and sufficient litmus solution to color 
it a deep purple. See bile salt agar. Blaxall's 
C., English proof agar, blood C., blood agar, 
blood-serum c. See blood-serum, bouillon 
C., bouillon, plain or modified, used as a culture- 
medium. Braun's c., fuchsin agar, bread 
paste c., stale or toasted bread is powdered, 
moistened with water, filled into Erlenmeyer 
flasks, and sterilized, brilliant green-bile 
salt c., brilliant green-bile salt agar, brilliant 
green-eosin c., brilliant green-eosin agar, 
calcium carbonate c., calcium carbonate 
bouillon. Capaldi-Proskauer c. No. 1, a 
synthetic medium containing sodium chlorid 2 
gm., magnesium sulphate 0.1 gm., calcium chlorid 
0.2 gm., monopotassium acid phosphate 2 gm., 
asparagin 2 gm., mannite 2 gm., and litmus 
solution 47.5 c.c. in water 1000 c.c. Capaldi- 
Proskauer c. No. 2, a medium containing pep- 
tone 20 gm., mannite 1 gm., and litmus solution 
47.5 c.c., in water 1000 c.c. carbolized c. See 
under agar, bouillon, and gelatin. China green 
c., China green agar, chocolate c., nutrient 
bouillon or agar to which 5 to 10 per cent, of fresh 
blood has been added and which is then heated 
to 750 C. The red blood changes to a chocolate 
brown color. It is used for growing the influenza 
organism. Cohn's c., Cohn's solution. Con- 
radi's c., brilliant green agar. Conradi- 
Drigalski's c., litmus-maltose agar, cooked 
meat c., a mixture of nutrient bouillon and 
chopped meat. Councilman and Mallory's 
c. See blood-serum, dextrose c. See under 
agar, bouillon, and gelatin. Dieudonne's c., a 
mixture of 7 parts of 3 per cent, nutrient agar and 
3 parts of a mixture of beef blood and normal 
sodium hydroxid. Dorset's egg c. See egg 
culture-medium (Dorset). Drigalski-Conradi's 
c., litmus-nutrose agar. Dunham's c. See 
peptone water c. Durham's c., inosite-free bouil- 
lon. egg c. (Dorset), a bacteriologic medium 
prepared by mixing whole eggs 3 parts and physio- 
logic salt solution 1 part. It is usually coagulated 
in test-tubes in an inclined position and used 
for the cultivation of tuberculosis, egg c. (Lu- 
benau), Dorset's egg medium containing ij per 
cent, of glycerol, egg c. (Petroff), a meat juice 
is prepared by extracting 500 gm. of chopped beef 
with 500 c.c. of 15 per cent, solution of glycerol for 
twenty-four hours in the ice-box and filtering. To 
this is added two volumes of whole eggs well 
mixed and 1 part of gentian violet to 10,000 parts 
of the mixture, egg-albumin c. See under 
agar and bouillon, egg-albumin c. (inspis- 
sated), egg-white to which is added 40 per cent of 
distilled water, 0.15 per cent, of sodium hydroxid, 
and 1 to 2 per cent, of glucose. Filter and coagulate- 
in an inclined position, egg-albumin c. (Tar- 
chanoff and Kolesnikoff), place unbroken eggs in 
CULTURE-MEDIUM CULTURE-MEDIUM 
298 
CULTURE-M EDIUM 
dekanormal sodium hydroxid for ten days. Re- 
move the shell and cut into slices. Wash in run- 
ning water two hours. Place in Petri dishes and 
sterilize, egg-meat c. (Rettger), 1 pound of 
ground lean meat and the whites of six eggs in one 
liter of water. The meat and the eggs are heated 
separately, but are mixed before tubing. Calcium 
carbonate is added to stabilize the reaction. An- 
aerobes grow in this mixture without anaerobic 
precautions egg-yolk c., egg-yolk agar. 
Eisenberg's milk-rice c. See milk-rice c. 
Elsner's c., potato gelatin. EMB c., eosin- 
methylene-blue agar. Endo's c., fuchsin-sulphite 
agar. English proof c., English proof agar, 
eosin-methylene-blue c., eosin-methylene- 
blue agar. Eyre's nutrose c., nutrose agar. 
Fawcus' c., brilliant green-bile salt agar, fish 
C. See under bouillon, gelatin, gelatin agar, and 
water. Fleming's c., oleic acid agar. Frankel 
and Voges' asparagin c. See asparagin c. 
French mannite c., French mannite agar. 
French proof c., French proof agar. Fru- 
goni's animal tissue c. See animal tissue c. 
fuchsin c., fuchsin agar, fuchsin-sulphite 
c., fuchsin-sulphite agar. Gasperini's c., 
wheat bouillon, gelatin c., one of the various 
culture-media in which gelatin is used as the 
solidifying agent, gelatin-agar c., gelatin 
agar, glucose-formate c. See under agar, 
bouillon, and gelatine, glycerin c. See under 
agar, blood-serum, bouillon, potato bouillon, glyc- 
erinated potato c., potato culture-medium in 
which the wedges of potato have been soaked, 
and in which the cotton pads at the bottom are 
moistened with a 25 per cent, solution of glycerol. 
Goadsby's c., potato gelatin. Guarniari's 
c., agar gelatin. Guy's c., blood-agar, haricot 
c. See under agar and bouillon. Heiman's c., 
Heiman's agar. Heller's c., urine gelatin. 
Hershell's c., malt-extract solution. Kitch- 
en's c., Hitchen's agar. Hiss's c. See semisolid 
c. and serum-dextrose water. Holt-Harris and 
Teague's c., Holt-Harris and Teague's E. M. B. 
agar, hormone c., a bacteriologic culture- 
medium made without filtration. It is thought 
that the filter material removes by adsorption or 
by some other process constituents which enhance 
the nutritive value of the medium, hydrocele 
c. See ascitic agar and ascitic bouillon, inosite- 
free c., inosite-free bouillon, iron c., iron 
bouillon. Kanthack and Stephen's c., 
serum agar. Kitasato's c. See glucose-formate 
agar, bouillon, and gelatin. Krumweide's c., 
brilliant green agar, lactose bile c., it consists 
■of fresh ox bile containing 1 per cent, of peptone 
and 1 per cent, of lactose, lactose-litmus c. 
See under agar, bouillon, and gelatin, lead c., 
lead bouillon, lead acetate c.,_lead acetate 
agar. Libman's c., serum agar. Lipschuetz ' s 
c., egg-albumin bouillon, litmus c. See under 
bouillon and gelatin. litmus milk c., milk 
culture-medium containing sufficient litmus solu- 
tion to give it a deep lavender color, litmus- 
nutrose c., litmus-nutrose agar, litmus whey 
c., litmus whey gelatin. Loftier's c. See 
malachite green agar and Ldffler's blood-serum. 
Lorrain Smith's c. See blood-serum. Lube- 
nau's egg c., egg culture-medium. Mac- 
Conkey's bile salt c. See bile, salt culture- 
medium and bile salt agar, malachite green c. 
See under agar and bouillon, malt-extract c., 
malt-extract bouillon, meat-extract c. See 
under agar, bouillon, and gelatin, meat in- 
fusion C. See under agar, bouillon, and gelatin. 
milk c., milk, usually in test-tubes, free from 
cream, and sterilized for use as a culture-medium, 
milk-rice c., a mixture of 1 part of nutrient 
bouillon and 3 parts of milk solidified with 35 to 
50 per cent, of rice powder. It is used for growing 
chromogenic bacteria. Moor's c., nitrogen-free 
agar. Naegeli's c., Naegeli's solution. neutral 
red c., glucose agar containing in each 100 c.c. 
1 c.c. of a saturated solution of neutral red. ni- 
trate C. See nitrate bouillon and nitrate solution. 
nitrogen-free c., nitrogen-free agar. No- 
guchi's tissue c. See tissue culture-medium. 
nutrient c. See under agar, bouillon, and gela- 
tin. nutrose c., nutrose agar, oleic acid c., 
oleic acid agar. Omeliansky's nutritive c., 
a synthetic medium for the growth of cellulose- 
fermenting organisms. It contains potassium 
phosphate 4 gm., magnesium sulphate 2 gm., 
ammonium sulphate 4 gm., sodium chlorid 0.25 
gm., and precipitated chalk 80 gm. in 1 liter of 
water. Parietti's c., Parietti's bouillon. Park 
and Williams' chocolate c., chocolate cul- 
ture-medium. Pasteur's c. See Pasteur's 
solution and Pasteur's yeast water, peptone 
water c., 1 per cent, of peptone in 0.5 per cent, 
salt solution. Petroff's egg c. See egg culture- 
medium. Petroff's synthetic c., a synthetic 
medium for growing the tubercle organism. It 
contains dipotassium acid phosphate 0.35 gm., 
magnesium acid phosphate 4.93 gm., asparagin 
5.29 gm., N/i sulphuric acid 10 c.c., N/r phos- 
phoric acid 20 c.c., M/i citric acid 10 c.c., glycerol 
20 c.c., N/i sodium hydroxid 10 c.c. in water 1000 
c.c. Petruschky's c., litmus whey. pleuritic 
c. See ascitic agar and bouillon, potato c., 
cylindric, wedge-shaped pieces of potatoes in 
test-tubes or flat pieces in Petri dishes sterilized 
and used as a bacteriologic culture-medium espe- 
cially for the chromogenic germs and for the 
sporogenic aerobes, protein-free c., a synthetic 
medium containing calcium chlorid 0.1 gm., mag- 
nesium sulphate 0.2 gm., monopotassium acid 
phosphate 2 gm., potassium aspartate 3 gm., 
sodium chlorid 5 gm., ammonium lactate 6 gm., 
and glycerol 30 c.c. in water 1000 c.c. rabbits' 
blood c., sterile rabbits' blood allowed to clot in 
a test-tube and inactivated at 56° C. for one-half 
hour. Reddish's C., malt extract bouillon. 
Rettger's egg-meat c. See egg-meat culture- 
medium. rosolic acid-peptone c., Dunham's 
peptone water containing 20 c.c. of 0.5 per cent, 
alcoholic solution of rosolic acid in each liter. 
Russell's double sugar c., Russell's double 
sugar agar. Sabouraud's c., French proof agar, 
saccharose-mannitol c., saccharose-mannitol 
agar, semisolid c., a medium containing agar- 
agar 8 gm., gelatine 40 gm., peptone 10 gm., meat- 
extract 3 gm., sodium chlorid 5 gm., and glucose or 
some other sugar 5 gm., in water 1000 c.c. serum 
C. See under agar, bouillon, and water, sheeps 
brains' c., equal parts of fresh sheeps' brains 
and distilled water are cooked slightly and squeezed 
through cheese-cloth. Adjust the reaction, tube, 
and sterilize, silicate jelly c., a synthetic 
medium for the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
It contains ammonium sulphate 0.4 gm., magne- 
sium sulphate 0.05 gm., calcium chlorid 0.01 gm., 
potassium phosphate 0.1 gm., and sodium carbonate 
0.6 gm., in water 1000 c.c. and solidified with 
silicic acid 3.4 gm. sodium oleate c., sodium 
oleate agar. Soyka's milk-rice c. See milk- 
rice c. starch c., starch agar. sugar c., sugar 
bouillon, sugar-free c., a medium in which 
Bacillus coli has grown and thus removed all 
sugars by decomposition. After clarification it is 
used as a basis for fermentation tests with the 
various sugars, sulphindigotate c. See under 
agar, bouillon, and gelatine. Tarchanofi and 
Kolesnikofi's egg-albumin c. See egg- 
albumin c. Teague and Travis' c., a sugar- 
free nutrient agar to which is added nutrose 0.25 
per cent., saccharose 1 per cent., bluish eosin 0.06 
per cent., and Bismarck brown 0.04 per cent, 
tissue C., nutrient agar to which is added one- 
half its volume of ascitic fluid or hydrocele fluid and 
a piece of fresh animal tissue. Paraffin oil is 
also placed on the surface to favor anaerobic con- 
ditions. trypagar c. See trypagar. urine c., 
freshly passed urine is heated, filtered, tubed, and 
sterilized for use as a culture-medium. See also 
urine agar and urine gelatin. Uschinsky's C. 
See asparagin culture-medium and protein-free CU LVER'S-PH YSIC 
299 
CURB 
bouillon. Vedder's c., starch agar, vitamin 
c. See hormone culture-medium. Washbourn's 
c. See blood-agar. Wassermann's c. See 
ascitic fluid agar and bouillon. Werbitski's C., 
China green agar. Wertheimer's c., serum 
agar. Weyl's c. See sulphindigotate bouillon and 
gelatin, wheat c., wheat bouillon, whey c. 
See whey agar and gelatin, also litmus whey. 
Winogradsky's c. See silicate jelly culture- 
medium and Winogradsky's solution, wort C. 
See wort agar and gelatin. Wuntz's c. See 
lactose litmus agar and gelatin, yeast autoly- 
sate c., incubate 200 gm., of yeast in 1 liter of 
water two days at 370 C. with reaction at Ph 6.1 
and kept sterile with chloroform. Filter and 
solidify with agar-agar, yeast-water c., yeast 
water. 
Culver's-physic (kul'verz). See Le plandr a. 
cumic acid (ku'mik). See under acid. 
cumidin (ku'mid-in). A liquid base, C3H7.C8H4.- 
NH2, derived from cumic acid. 
Cumin (kum'in) [L. cumi'num]. An umbelliferous 
plant of the old world, Cumi'num cyminum; also 
its aromatic and carminative seed. 
cuminuric acid (ku-min-u'rik). See under acid. 
cumol, cumene (ku'mol, ku'men). An oily hy- 
drocarbon, isopropyl benzene, CaHs.CHfCHs^, 
used in sterilizing catgut. 
cumulative (ku'mu-la-tiv) [L. cu'mulus heap]. 
Increasing suddenly in intensity of action after 
slow additions. 
cumulus (ku'mu-lus) [L. " a little mound "]. A 
mound, c. obph'orus, the discus proligerus. 
cuneate (ku'ne-at) [L. cu'neus wedge]. Wedge- 
shaped. 
cuneiform (ku'ne-if-orm) [L. cu'neus wedge + 
fo/ma form]. 1. Shaped like a wedge. 2. A 
cuneiform bone: there are three in the foot and one 
in the wrist. See bone. 
cune ihysterectomy, cuneohysterectomy 
(ku"ne-i-his-ter-ek/to-me, ku"ne-o-his-ter-ek'to-me) 
[L. cu'neus wedge + hysterectomy]. The excision 
of a wedge-shaped piece from the uterine tissue 
for the correction of anteflexion. 
cuneocuboid (ku"ne-o-ku'boid). Pertaining to 
the cuneiform and cuboid bones. 
cuneohysterectomy. See cuneihysterectomy. 
cuneonavicular (ku"ne-o-nav-ik'u-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the cuneiform and navicular bones. 
cuneoscaphoid (ku"ne-o-skaf'oid). Cuneonavicu- 
lar. 
cuneus (ku'ne-us), pl. cu'nei [L. " wedge "]. A 
wedge-shaped lobule of the occipital lobe of the 
brain on its medial aspect. 
cuniculus (ku-nik'u-lus), pl. cunic'uli [L. " rab- 
bit," " rabbit-burrow "]. The burrow of an itch- 
mite, Sarcop'tes hom'inis, in the human skin. 
Cunila (ku-ni'lah). A genus of labiate plants. 
C. maria'na, of North America (dittany), is diu- 
retic and diaphoretic. Dose of tincture, 5-20 
min. (0.333-1.333 c.c.). 
cunnilinguist (kun-il-in'gwist) [L. cunnilin'gus], 
X sexual pervert who licks the vulva. 
cunnus (kun'us) [LJ. The vulva. 
CuO. Cupric oxid. 
Cu2O. Cuprous oxid. 
cuorin (ku'o-rin). A mono-amino-diphosphatid 
lipoid compound occurring in the heart muscle. 
cup (kup). 1. A cupping-glass. 2. A cup-shaped 
part or structure, dry c., a cupping-glass applied 
to the intact skin in order to draw blood to the 
part. glaucomatous c., that form of ocu- 
lar disk depression which is peculiar to glaucoma, 
impression c., in dentistry, a metal con- 
tainer to hold the wax or plaster while an im- 
pression of the jaw is being taken. Mont- 
gomery's c's, the dilated canals of the tubular 
glands of the uterus, ocular C., the secondary 
optic vesicle; a cup-like organ of the embryo 
whence the retina is developed, physiologic c., 
the depression which occurs naturally in the optic 
disk, retinal c., excavation of the eye-disk, 
whether pathologic or not. wet c., a cup applied 
to the incised skin in order to abstract blood. 
cupola (ku'po-lah). The little dome at the apex 
of the cochlea and of the spiral canal, c. space, 
the attic of the tympanum. 
cupped (kupt). Hollowed out like a cup. 
Capping (kup'ing). i. The application of a cup- 
ping-glass. 2. The formation of a cup-shaped 
depression. 
cupping-glass (kup'ing-glas). See cucurbitula. 
cupram (ku'pram). A fungicide solution of cop- 
per carbonate in ammonia water. 
cuprammonia (ku-pram-o'ne-ah). A solution of 
cupric hydroxid in ammonia: used as a reagent 
and as a solvent for cellulose: called also Schweitzer's 
reagent. 
cuprargol (ku-prar'gol). A dull, gray-green, pow- 
dery copper silver albuminate. It reduces inflam- 
mation and increases the secretion of mucous 
surfaces. 
cuprase (ku'pras). Colloidal cupric hydroxid: for 
subcutaneous injection in cancer. 
cupratin (ku'prat-in). A copper and albuminoid 
preparation resembling ferratin. 
cuprea-bark (ku'pre-ah-). The bark of a species 
of Remijia yielding quinin. 
cuprein (ku'pre-in). An alkaloid, C16H22O2N2, from 
cuprea-bark. 
cuprentum (ku-pren'tum). A proprietary oint- 
ment containing 5 per cent, of copper citrate: used 
in trachoma and ulcerations and granulations of 
the eyelids. 
cupressin (ku-pres'in). An oil derived from cy- 
press: useful in whooping-cough. 
cupriaseptol (ku"pre-as-ep'tol). Copper sulpho- 
carbolate, a light-green, crystalline compound: used 
as a hemostatic. 
cuprocitrol (ku-pro-sit'rol). See copper citrate. 
cuprohemol (ku-pro-he'mol). A dark-brown cooper 
and hemol derivative: used in tuberculosis. Dose, 
i|-2 gr. (0.1-0.15 gm.). 
cuprol (ku'prol). A therapeutic preparation of 
copper and nucleic acid, used as an ointment, 
or as a wash for chronic ulcers, and in powder 
for diseases of the conjunctiva. 
cuprum (ku'prum), gen. cu'pri [L. for " copper "]. 
See copper. 
cupula (ku'pu-lah). A membranous structure on 
the crista acustica in the ampulla of the ear. c. 
pleu'rae [B N A], the cervical pleura. See pleura. 
cura9ao (ku-rah-so') [name of a West Indian 
island]. A highly flavored liqueur or cordial: 
stomachic and stimulant. 
curangin (ku-ran'jin). A bitter glucosid, C48H77- 
O20, from Curanga amara, a scrophulariaceous herb 
of southern Asia, which is a vulnerary, febrifuge, 
and vermifuge. 
curare, curari (koo-rah're) [South American]. A 
South American arrow-poison, of several varieties, 
derived from various members of the Strychnos 
family. It paralyzes the motor nerves, producing 
death by respiratory paralysis. It is used in 
tetanus and in physiologic experiments. Dose, 
gr. (0.002-0.01 gm.), given hypodermically. 
curarin (ku-rah'rin). A crystalline alkaloid, C!8- 
H35N, from curare: a strong paralyzant. Dose, 
gr- (0.00033-0.0016 gm.), given hypo- 
dermically. 
curarization (ku-rar-iz-a'shun). To bring under 
the influence of curare. 
curb (kerb). A thickening of the metatarsocal- 
caneal ligament of the horse, causing a swelling 
at the back of the hock joint and resulting in lame- 
ness. CURCAS 
300 
CURVATURE 
Curcas (kur'kas) [L.]. A genus of euphorbiace- 
ous shrubs. C. pu/gans has cathartic seeds, 
called purging nuts, or Barbados nuts, which 
afford a purgative fixed oil: used like castor oil. 
curcin (kur'sin). A poisonous principle from 
Cur'cas pur'gans. 
curcuma (kuriku-mah). See turmeric. 
curcumin (kur'ku-min). A yellow, crystalline sub- 
stance, C21H20O8, the coloring principle of tur- 
meric. 
curd (kurd). The coagulum of milk, consisting 
mainly of casein. alum-C., a coagulum formed 
by agitating milk containing a piece of alum, a.~ 
c. of Riverius, a coagulum prepared from the 
white of an egg and a dram of alum. 
cure (kur) [L. cura'tio, from cu'ra care], 1. The 
course of treatment of any disease, or of a spe- 
cial case. 2. The successful treatment of a dis- 
ease or wound. 3. A system of treating dis- 
eases. 4. A medicine effective in treating a 
disease. Banting c. See bantingism. dietc., 
treatment by the systematic regulation of the diet, 
economic c., cure of a disease which, while not 
complete, is sufficient to restore the patient to his 
wage-earning rapacity, gold C. Same as Keeley 
c. grape c., the use of an exclusive diet of grapes, 
hunger-c., the treatment of disease by severe 
fasting. Karell's c., the systematic use of 
skim milk for the purpose of unloading the system, 
especially the circulatory organs. Keeley c., a 
proprietary method of treatment for the alcohol and 
opium habits by means of gold chlorid. liman c., 
a method of treatment practised at Odessa, con- 
sisting of bathing in the water of " limans," or 
sheets of water that have been isolated from the 
sea and converted into salt lakes: used in cases 
of scrofula, rickets, chronic rheumatism, and 
chronic skin diseases, milk c., an exclusive 
diet of milk as a means of treatment, movement 
c. See kinesitherapy. potato c., treatment of 
foreign bodies in the alimentary canal by ingesting 
mashed potatoes, starvation c., the treatment 
of a disease by a restricted diet, terrain c., a 
method of treatment for a weak heart, neuras- 
thenia, corpulence, etc., consisting of systematic 
exercise, mountain-climbing, and regulation of 
diet, thirst c., treatment by restricting the 
intake of fluids, water c., hydrotherapy, 
whey c., treatment by drinking whey, work c., 
the treatment of neurasthenia by systematically 
arranged work. 
curet (ku-ret') [Fr.]. A kind of scraper or spoon 
for removing growths or other matter from the 
walls of cavities. Hartmann's c., a curet for 
removing adenoids. 
curettage (ku-ret-ahzh') (Fr.]. The use of the 
curet, or treatment by the curet. In dentistry, 
apoxesis. 
curette (ku-ret'). See curet. 
curettement (ku-ret'ment). Same as curettage. 
Curie (koo're) [Marie Sklodowska Curie, Polish chem- 
ist in Paris, born 1867, the discoverer of radium]. 
The standard unit for measuring radium emana- 
tions. It is the amount of mass of radium emana- 
tions in equilibrium with a gram of radium element. 
curietherapy (koo-re-ther'ap-e). Radium therapy, 
curin (ku'rin). A crystalline alkaloid, C18H19N7O3, 
from curare: it paralyzes the nervous system. 
current (kur'ent) [L. cu/rens running]. 1. Any- 
thing which flows. 2. The stream of electricity 
which moves along a conductor. An electric cur- 
rent is due to a difference of potential between two 
points, this difference being measured in volts. 
The speed of flow depends on the difference of 
potential and the resistance to be overcome and is 
measured in amperes. The quantity of current 
is measured in coulombs, abnerval c., an elec- 
tric current passing from a nerve to and through a 
muscle, action c., an electric current occurring 
during the action of a muscle or nerve, after-c., 
a current produced in a muscle and nerve when 
an electric current which has been flowing through 
it has stopped, alternating' c., an electric 
current which is alternately direct and reversed, 
anionic c., that part of the electric current car- 
ried by the anion, ascending c. See centripetal 
c. axial C., the central colored part of the blood- 
current. battery c., a galvanic current. blaze- 
C., an electric current produced in living tissue by 
mechanic stimulation, centrifugal c., an elec- 
tric current in the body with the positive pole near 
the nerve-center and the negative at the periphery; 
called also descending c. centripetal c., an 
electric current passing through the body with the 
positive electrode on the nerve or at the periphery 
and the negative near the nerve-center: called 
also ascending c. compensating c., an elec- 
tric current used to neutralize the intensity of 
a muscle current, constant c., continuous 
C., an uninterrupted galvanic current. d'Ar- 
sonval C., the high potential discharge of a 
condenser or pair of condensers through a large 
solenoid of wire, producing alternations at the 
rate of 200,000 to 1,000,000 times a second. Such 
currents are used therapeutically to stimulate 
metabolism, demarcation c., an electric cur- 
rent obtained from an injured muscle, descend- 
ing c. See centrifugal c. direct c., a current 
whose direction is always the same, electro- 
static c. See static c. electrotonic c., a cur- 
rent induced in the sheath of a nerve by a cur- 
rent passing through the conducting part of that 
nerve, electrovital c's, two electric currents 
supposed to exist in animal bodies: called also 
neuro-electric c's. extra C., an induced current 
produced in a faradic battery in addition to the 
regular primary and induced currents, eye-c., 
an electric current passing from the cornea to the 
optic nerve under the influence of light, far- 
adic C., an alternating current of induced elec- 
tricity. galvanic c., an electric current from a 
battery, high-frequency c., an alternating cur- 
rent with oscillations backward and forward at 
the rate of about 500,000 a second. See d'Arsonval 
c. high-potential c., high-tension c., a cur- 
rent having a high electromotive force, induced 
C., electricity in a circuit generated by proximity 
to another current, inducing c., the current 
which induces a secondary current, interrupted 
C., a current which is frequently opened and closed, 
labile c., a current applied to the body with elec- 
trodes moving over the surface. Ie Duc's c., 
a sinusoidal current applied with the negative pole 
on the head and the positive pole over the kidneys. 
It produces unconsciousness similar to that of 
ether or chloroform, from which the subject emerges 
as soon as the current is removed. Morton's c., 
a series of electric charges from a Leyden jar, the 
jar being constantly recharged from a static 
machine. Oudin C., a high-frequency current 
applied from one pole only of the machine, re- 
versed C., a current which is frequently made to 
reverse its direction, secondary c., an induced 
current, sinusoidal C., an alternating faradic 
current in which the potential rises gradually from 
zero to a maximum, and then gradually returns to 
zero or to a minimum, stabile C., a current 
applied to the body with both electrodes stationary. 
Static c., spark-gap c., an electric current 
derived from a static apparatus, swelling c., a 
current which is alternately weak and strong. 
Tesla's c. Same as d'Arsonval c. 
curriculum (kur-ik'u-lum) [LJ. A regular and 
established course of study. 
Curschmann's disease, spirals (koorsh'manz) 
[Heinrich Curschmann, physician in Leipzig, 1846- 
1910]. See disease, spiral. 
curtometer (kur-tom'et-er). Same as cyrtometer. 
curvature (kur'va-tur) [L. curvatu'ra]. Devia- 
tion from a rectilinear direction. See kyphosis, 
lordosis, scoliosis, angular c., Pott's c., ab- 
normal curvature of the spinal column due to CURVE 
301 
CWT 
vertebral disease. backward c., lordosis, 
gingival c., the curvature of the gum where it is 
attached to the neck of a tooth, lateral c., 
scoliosis. 
curve (kurv) [L. cur'vum]. A non-angular devia- 
tion from a straight course in a line or surface, 
alinement c., the curve formed by the alinement 
of the teeth. Barnes' c., the segment of a circle 
whose center is the promontory of the sacrum, the 
concavity looking dorsad, buccal c., the curve 
of the dental arch from the canine tooth to the 
third molar, c. of Carus, the normal axis of 
the pelvic outlet. Damoiseau's c., Ellis' line. 
See under line, dental c., the curve of the 
teeth. The various portions in the curve are dis- 
tinguished as follows: alinement c., that portion 
which passes through the center of the teeth; 
buccal c., the portion from cuspid to third molar; 
compensating c., the occlusal line of bicuspids and 
molars; labial c., the portion from cuspid to cuspid, 
c. of Ellis and Garland. See Ellis' line, 
under line. Harrison's c. See Harrison's 
groove, under groove, labial c., the curve of the 
dental arch between the two canine teeth, mus- 
cle c., a myogram. Spee's C., a curved line 
touching the tops of the buccal cusps of the teeth 
from the first bicuspid to the third molar, tension 
c's, curved lines in which the cancellous tissue of 
bones is arranged according to the directions of 
tension exerted on the bones. Traube's c's, 
Traube-Hering c's, high bold curves seen in 
the tracings of the sphygmograph when respiration 
has been completely arrested. Wunderlich's 
C., the typical curve of typhoid fever. 
cuscamidin (kus-kam'id-in). A cinchona alkaloid, 
cuscamin (kus-kam'in). One of the cinchona 
alkaloids. 
cusco bark (kus'ko). A variety of cinchona. 
Cusco's speculum (koos'koz) [Edouard Gabriel 
Cusco, French surgeon, 1819-1894]. See speculum. 
cusconidin (kus-kon'id-in). A cinchona alkaloid, 
C23H23N2O4. 
cusconin (kus'ko-nin). An alkaloid of cinchona, 
C23H26O4N2.2H2O. 
Cuscuta (kus-ku'tah) [L.]. A genus of parasitic 
convolvulaceous plants, the dodders. Many spe- 
cies are employed as medicines. 
Cushing's law (koosh'ingz) [Harvey Cushing, Bos- 
ton surgeon, born 1869].. See under law. 
Cushing's suture (koosh'ingz) [Hayward W.Cush- 
ing, contemporary Boston surgeon]. See suture. 
cushion (koosh'un). An anatomic structure re- 
sembling a cushion, coronary c., the cushion- 
like band of vascular tissue at the upper edge of the 
wall of the hoof of the horse. It is concerned 
in the secretion of the horny wall. Called also 
coronary band and coronary ring. C. of the epi- 
glottis, a median elevation of the mucous mem- 
brane within the larynx, below the epiglottis, 
eustachian c., a part of the posterior car- 
tilaginous wall of the eustachian tube. Passa- 
vant's C., a ridge projecting from the posterior 
and lateral walls of the nasopharynx, at the level 
of the free margin of the soft palate, in persons 
with sclerotic or atrophic rhinitis. It acts with 
the soft palate in closing the opening from the nose 
to the oropharynx, plantar c., a wedge-shaped 
mass of elastic tissue overlying the frog of a horse's 
foot, sucking c's, a pair of capsules filled with 
fatty lobules overlying the buccinator muscles in 
young infants. 
cusol (ku'sol). A solution of copper citrate contain- 
ing Sodium chlorid and borocitrate, used in eye 
and skin diseases. 
Cusp (kusp). A tapering projection; especially one 
of the projections upon the crown of a tooth, and 
one of the pointed segments of a cardiac valve. 
cusparia (kus-pa're-ah). Angustura. 
cuspid (kus'pid). A tooth having one cusp or point 
-a canine tooth. 
cuspidate (kus'pid-at) [L. cuspida' tus\. Having 
a cusp or cusps. 
cuspis (kus'pis). L. for cusp. 
cusso (kus'o). See kousso. 
cusylol (ku'si-lol). A combination of cuprum citri- 
cum and sodium borocitricum: used as a bactericide 
in gonorrhea. 
cutal (ku'tal). Same as cutol. 
cutaneous (ku-ta'ne-us) [L. cu'tis skin]. Pertain- 
ing to the skin. 
cuticle (ku'tik-1) [L. cutic'ula, from cu'tis skin]. 
The epidermis or outer layer of the skin, den- 
tal c., enamel c., the cuticula dentis. kera- 
tose c.( the outer surface layer of the pigment- 
cells of the eye. 
CUticolor (ku-tik'o-lor) [L. cu'tis skin + co'lor 
color]. Having the color of the skin. 
cuticula dentis (ku-tik'u-lah den'tis) [L. " skin of 
a tooth "]. The membrane {Nasmyth's membrane) 
covering the enamel of an unworn tooth. Called 
also enamel cuticle. 
cuticularization (ku-tik"u-lar-i-za'shun). The 
formation of skin upon a sore or wound. 
cuticulum of Flechsig (ku-tik'u-lum). A layer 
of flat cells on the external surface of the neuroglia. 
cutidure, cutiduris (ku'tid-ur, ku-tid-u'ris). The 
coronary cushion of horses. See under cushion. 
cutigeral cavity (ku-tij'e-ral). See under cavity. 
cutin (ku'tin) [L. cu'tis skin], i. A waxy substance 
which, combined with cellulose, forms the cuticle 
of plants. 2. A preparation of the gut of the ox, 
used as a substitute for catgut and silk and as a 
dressing for wounds. 
cutinization (ku-tin-iz-a'shun). The operation of 
lining a cavity, such as a fistulous cavity in bone, 
with skin. 
cuti-reaction (ku"te-re-ak'shun) [L. cu'tis skin -f- 
reaction], A local reaction of the skin, occurring in 
certain infections, following the inoculation or ap- 
plication of an extract of the organism which causes 
the infection. It is employed for the diagnosis of 
the disease, most commonly in tuberculosis, but 
also in typhoid, syphilis, glanders, etc. See 
Laudier's test, Moro reaction, Pirquet's reaction. 
differential c., inoculation at one and the same 
time of old tuberculin, a filtrate of human tubercle 
bacilli, and a filtrate of bovine tubercle bacilli in 
order to determine whether the patient is tuber- 
culous or not, and if he is, whether the infection is 
human or bovine. 
CUtis (ku'tis) [L. cu'tis skin]. The true skin, or 
derma, c. anseri'na, "goose-flesh": erection 
of the papillae of the skin, as from cold or shock, 
c. elas'tica, abnormal elasticity of the skin, which 
may be pulled to some distance, c. lax'a, der- 
matolysis. c. pen'dula, "hanging skin": ab- 
normal flabbiness of the skin. c. pen'silis, der- 
matolysis. c. testa'cea, "shelly skin": general 
seborrhea, c. unctuo'sa, "greasy skin": sebor- 
rhea. c. ve'ra, "true skin"; the derma or corium. 
cutisector (ku'te-sek-tor) [L. cu'tis skin 4- sector 
cutter]. An instrument for removing bits of 
skin. 
cutitis (ku-ti'tis). Dermatitis, or inflammation of 
the skin. 
cutituberculin reaction (ku"te-tu-ber'ku-lin). 
See under reaction. 
cutization (ku-tiz-a'shun). The change of ex- 
posed mucous membrane into true skin. 
CUtol (ku'tol). Aluminum borotannate; a propri- 
etary antiseptic and astringent preparation con- 
taining boric and tannic acids with an aluminum 
salt: used in skin diseases. 
Cuvier's duct (koo've-az) [Georges Leopold Chre- 
tien Frederic Dagobert, Baron Cuvier, French 
naturalist, 1769-1832]. See duct. 
C. V. Abbreviation for L. eras ves'pere, tomorrow 
evening. 
Cwt. Abbreviation for hundredweight. ex. 
302 
CYCLE 
Cx. Abbreviation for convex. 
Cy. Symbol for cyanogen. 
cyanalcohol (si-an-al'ko-hol). Same as cyan- 
hydrin. 
cyanamid (si-an'am-id). Carbamic acid nitril, 
CN.NHo or NH.C.NH, the anhydrid of urea. 
cyanemia (si-an-e'me-ah) [Gr. Kvavos blue + al pa 
blood]. Bluishness of the blood, as in cyanosis. 
cyanephidrosis (si"an-ef-id-ro'sis) [Gr. Kvavos 
blue + e<pl6pcoats sweat]. The excretion of bluish 
sweat. 
cyanhematin (si-an-hem'at-in). A compound of 
cyanogen and hematin. 
cyanhemoglobin (si"an-hem-o-glo'bin). A com- 
pound formed in the blood by the action of hy- 
drocyanic acid on hemoglobin. It gives the 
blood a bright-red color. 
cyanhidrosis (si"an-hid-ro'sis). Same as cyaneph- 
idrosis. 
cyanhydrin (si-an-hi'drin). A compound formed 
by the addition of HCN to the aldehyd or ketone 
group. 
cyanic acid (si-an'ik). See acid. 
cyanid, cyanide (si'an-id, si'an-id). Any binary 
compound of cyanogen. 
cyanin (si'an-in). An indicator with a Ph range of 
7 to 8. 
cyanmethemoglob in (si"an-met-he-mo-glo'bin). 
A crystalline substance formed by the action of 
hydrocyanic acid on methemoglobin in the cold or 
on oxyhemoglobin at the body temperature. 
cyanochroia (si"an-o-kroi'ah) [Gr. Kvavos blue + 
Xpoia color]. Bluishness of the skin; cyanosis. 
cyanocuprol (si"an-o-ku'prol). Potassium and 
copper cyanid: used in tuberculosis. 
cyanoderma (si"an-o-der'mah) [Gr. Kvavos blue + 
Seppa, skin]. Blue discoloration of the skin. 
cyanoform (si-an'o-form). A crystalline substance, 
CH(CN)3, formed by the action of potassium 
cyanid on chloroform. 
cyanogen (si-an'o-jen) [Gr. Kvavos blue + yevvav 
to produce]. The halogen radical CN; also CN.CN 
(dicyanogen), the latter an exceedingly poisonous 
gas. c. bromid, a lethal war gas, BrCN. 
cyanogenesis (si"an-o-jen'es-is) [cyanogen + Gr. 
yeveais production]. The formation or production 
of cyanogen or hydrocyanic acid. 
cyanogenetic (si"an-o-jen-et'ik). Producing cy- 
anogen or hydrocyanic acid. 
cyanolophia (si"an-o-lo'fe-ah) [Gr. Kvavos blue + 
Xo<pia ridge]. A specific infectious disease of fowls 
known as avian pest. 
cyanomycosis (si"an-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. Kvavos blue 
+ pberjs fungus]. The development of Micro- 
coc'cus pyocya'neus in pus. 
cyanopathy (si-an-op'ath-e) [Gr. Kvavos blue + 
Traces disease]. Cyanosis. 
cyanophil (si-an'o-fd). 1. Cyanophilous. 2. A 
cell or other histologic element readily stainable 
with blue. 
cyanophilous (si-an-of'il-us) [Gr. Kvavos blue + 
<pi\eiv to love]. Stainable with blue dyes. 
cyanophoric (si"an-o-for'ik). Bearing hydro- 
cyanic acid: used in the case of glucosids that 
yield hydrocyanic acid on hydrolysis. 
Cyanophose (si'an-o-foz) [Gr. Kvavos blue + <pG>s 
light]. A blue phose. 
Cyanophyceae (si"an-o-fi'se-e) [Gr. Kvavos blue + 
<Pvkos seaweed]. An order of algae including the 
families Bacteriaceae and Nostocaceae. 
cyanopia, cyanopsia (si-an-o'pe-ah, si-an-op'se- 
ah) [Gr. Kvavos blue + &d/ eye]. Vision in which 
all objects appear to be blue. 
cyanosed, cyanotic (si'an-ozd, si-an-ot'ik). Af- 
fected with or pertaining to cyanosis. 
cyanosis (si-an-o'sis) [Gr. Kvavos blue]. • 1. Blue- 
ness of the skin, often due to cardiac malforma- 
tion causing insufficient oxygenation of the blood. 
2. Any bluish discoloration of the skin. c. bul'bi. 
i. Congenital violet flecks in the sclera (Liebisich). 
2. Bluish discoloration of the white of the eye in 
cyanosis (Hirschfeld), enterogenous c., cyano- 
sis attributed to the absorption of toxic matter 
from the intestine, false c., cyanosis due to the 
presence of pigment and not to deficient oxygena- 
tion of the blood, heliotrope c., cyanosis in 
influenzal septicemia in which the facies assumes a 
heliotrope or lilac color. Such cyanosis indicates a 
grave condition of the patient. 
cyanotic (si-an-ot'ik). Cyanosed. 
cyanurin (si-an-u'rin) [Gr. Kvavos blue + ovpov 
urine]. Indigo-blue found in the urine on the ad- 
dition of a mineral acid to it. 
cyarsal (si-ar'sal). i. The potassium salt of an 
oxybenzoic acid to the nucleus of which mercury 
(46 per cent.) is fixed. 2. Paracyanmercurialized 
salicylic acid, used in the treatment of syphilis. 
cyasma (si-az'mah). Pigmentation of the skin in 
pregnancy. 
Cyath. Abbreviation for L. cy'athus, a glassful. 
Cyath. vin. Abbreviation for L. cy'athus vina'rius, 
a wineglass. 
cyathus (si'a-thps) [Gr. Kvados cup]. The canal 
of the infundibulum cerebri. 
Cyclamen (sik'lam-en) [L.]. A genus of primu- 
laceous plants. C. europium has an acrid, 
cathartic root. 
cyclamin (sik'lam-in). A glucosid, C2oH34010, 
from Cyclamen europce'um: strongly purgative 
and emetic. 
cyclarthrodial (sik-lar-thro'de-al). Pertaining to 
a cyclarthrosis. 
cyclarthrosis (sik-lar-thro'sis) [Gr. kvkXos circle + 
arthrosis}. A pivot-joint; a joint which permits 
rotation: called also rotatory diarthrosis and lateral 
ginglymus. 
Cyclas'ter scarlatina'lis. A body, supposed to 
be protozoan, found in the epithelial cells of the 
epidermis and in the corium in scarlet fever. They 
are possibly the cause of scarlet fever. 
Cyclaste'rion scarlatina'le. A name proposed 
by Mallory for Cyclaster scarlatinalis. 
cycle (si'kl) [Gr. kvkXos circle]. A round or suc- 
cession of symptoms, aberrant c., the forma- 
tion of a communication between the pulmonary 
and bronchial vessels, due to congestion caused 
by mitral stenosis, asexual c., generation by 
budding or division of the parent organism, car- 
diac C., a complete cardiac movement or heart- 
beat. The period from the beginning of one heart- 
beat to the end of another; the systolic and diastolic 
movement, with the interval between them, cy- 
toplasmic c., that stage in the life of a parasite 
during which it lives in cytoplasm of the cells of the 
host, endogenous c., that portion of the life 
of a protozoan parasite which is spent within 
the body of its vertebrate host, exogenous c., 
that part of the life of a protozoan parasite which is 
spent in the body of its invertebrate host, forced 
C., a cardiac cycle which is interrupted by a forced 
beat, genesial c., the reproductive period of a 
woman's life, human c., the schizogenic stage 
of a protozoan parasite when it passes that stage 
in the human body, intranuclear c., that stage 
in the life of a microorganism during which it 
lives in the nuclei of the cells of the host, life c., 
the entire life of a protozoan blood parasite, in- 
cluding the endogenous and exogenous cycles, 
mosquito c., the sporogenic cycle of a malarial 
parasite, restored c., a cardiac cycle following 
a returning cycle and taking up the normal rhythm, 
returning c., a cardiac cycle which begins with 
an extrasystole, schizogenic c., schizogen- 
ous c., the asexual cycle in protozoa during which 
growth and segmentation occur, sexual c., 
generation of beings from an ovum or female game- CYCLENCEPHALUS 
303 
CYMBA CONCHXE 
tocyte. sporogenic c., sporogenous c., the 
sexual cycle in protozoa which is usually passed in 
another host, often an insect. 
cyclencephalus (sik-len-sef'al-us) [Gr. kvkXos 
circle + eyKt<paXos brain], A monster-fetus with 
the eyes blended into one. 
cyclic (sik'lik) [Gr. kukXikos]. Pertaining to or 
occurring in a cycle or cycles. The term is applied 
to chemical compounds which contain a ring of 
atoms in the nucleus. See closed chain, under chain. 
cyclicotomy (sik-le-kot'o-me) [Gr. kukXos circle 
+ rtpveiv to cut]. Division of the ciliary body 
for the purpose of relieving tension in glaucoma. 
cyclitis (sik-li'tis) [Gr. kvkXos ring]. Inflamma- 
tion of the ciliary body, plastic C., cyclitis with 
exudation of fibrinous matter into the anterior 
chamber, pure c., inflammation of the ciliary 
body without involvement of the iris, purulent 
c., suppuration in the ciliary body, serous c., 
simple inflammation of the ciliary body; serous 
iritis. 
cyclo-. A prefix indicating a cyclic chemical struc- 
ture. See cyclic. 
cyclocephalus (si-klo-sef'al-us) [Gr. kvkXos circle 
+ Ke<paXy head]. A monster in which the eyes 
are fused into one; a Cyclops. 
cycloceratitis (si"klo-ser-at-i'tis) [Gr. kvkXos circle 
+ keratitis}. Inflammation of the cornea and 
ciliary body. 
cyclochoroiditis (si"klo-ko-roid-i'tis) [Gr. kvkXos 
circle + choroid}. Inflammation of the choroid 
and of the ciliary body. 
cyclodialysis (si"klo-di-al'is-is) [Gr. kvkXos circle 
4- diaXvaLS dissolution]. The operation of form- 
ing a communication between the anterior chamber 
of the eye and the suprachoroidal space: done for 
glaucoma. 
cycloform (si'klo-form). Isobutyl paraminoben- 
zoate, NH2.C6H4.CO.O.CH2.CH(CH3)2: used as 
a local anesthetic and vulnerary. 
cycloid (si'kloid). Containing a ring of atoms: said 
of organic chemic compounds. 
cyclokeratitis (si"klo-ker-at-i'tis). Cycloceratitis. 
cyclophoria (si-klo-fo're-ah) [Gr. kvkXos circle + 
<pbpos bearing]. Rotational heterophoria; rota- 
tion of the eyeball due to insufficiency of the 
oblique muscles. 
cyclopia (si-klo'pe-ah). The state of a cyclops. 
cycloplegia (si-klo-ple'je-ah) [Gr. kvkXos circle + 
irXyy-f) stroke]. Paralysis of the ciliary muscle. 
cycloplegic (si-klo-ple'jik). Causing cycloplegia: 
also a drug so acting. 
Cyclops (si'klops) [Gr. kvkXos circle + cop eye]. 1. 
A fetal monster with one median eye, or two eyes 
blended. 2. A genus of fresh water crustaceans 
c. corona'tus, the water-flea is an intermediate 
host of Filaria medinensis. 
cyclopterin (si-klop'ter-in). A protamin derived 
from the spermatozoa of the lump-sucker, Cy- 
clop7 terus lum'pus. 
cycloscope (si'klo-skop) [Gr. kvkXos circle + 
aKoireiv to view]. Donders' apparatus for measur- 
ing the field of vision. 
cyclosis (si-klo'sis) [Gr. kvkXcoctis circulation]. The 
movement of protoplasm within a plant-cell. 
Cyclos'spora caryol'itica. A pathogenic proto- 
zoan found in pernicious enteritis in the hedgehog 
(Schaudinn, 1902). 
cyclotherapy (si-klo-ther'ap-e) [cycle + Gr. 0epa- 
Trela treatment]. Use of the bicycle in treatment 
of disease. 
cyclothymia (si-klo-thim'e-ah) [Gr. kvkXos circle 
+ Ovpbs mind]. Cyclic insanity (Kahlbaum). 
cyclothymiac (si-klo-thim'e-ak). 1. Affected with 
cyclic insanity. 2. A person affected with cyclic 
insanity. 
cyclothymosis (si"klo-thi-mo'sis). Any mental 
disease of the cyclothymic and manic-depressive 
group (Southard). 
cyclo tome (sik'lo-tbm). A cutting instrument for 
use in cyclotomy or other operations upon the 
eye. 
cyclotomy (si-klot'o-me) [Gr. kvkXos circle + 
repveiv to cut]. Division of or incision into the 
ciliary muscle. 
cydonin (si-do'nin). A mucilaginous principle, 
C^H^On, from the seeds and carpels of the 
quince. 
cydonium (si-do'ne-um) [LJ. The quince; the fruit 
of Cydo'nia vulga'ris; also its mucilaginous seeds 
and carpels. 
cyema (si-e'mah) [Gr. kut/mo the product of preg- 
nancy]. The product of conception during all its 
stages. 
cyemology (si-e-mol'o-je) [Gr. Kv-r]p.a embryo + 
Xoyos treatise]. Embryology. 
cyesiognosis (si-e"se-og-no'sis) [Gr. Kvrjais preg- 
nancy + yv&ais knowledge]. Diagnosis of preg- 
nancy. 
cyesiology (si-e"ze-ol'o-je) [Gr. Ktujais pregnancy 
+ Xoyos treatise]. The sum of knowledge regard- 
ing pregnancy. 
cyesis (si-e'sis) [Gr. Kvrjais}. Pregnancy. 
Cyl., cyl. Abbreviations for cylinder or cylindric 
lens. 
cylicotomy (sil-ik-ot'o-me) [Gr. kvXl% cup + -ropy 
cut]. Surgical division of the ciliary muscle. 
cylinder (sil'in-der). A solid body shaped like a 
column; especially a cylindric cast or cylindric lens. 
Bence-Jones c's, cylindric gelatinous bodies 
forming the contents of the seminal vesicles. 
Kulz's C. See coma cast, under cast. Leydig's 
c's, bundles of muscular fibers separated by parti- 
tions of protoplasm. 
cylindrarthrosis (sil"in-drar-thro'sis) [cylinder + 
Gr. apOpwcrLs joint]. A joint in which the artic- 
ular surfaces are cylindric. 
cylindraxile (sil-in-draks'il). An axis-cylinder. 
cylindric, cylindrical (sil-in'drik, sil-in'drik-al). 
Pertaining to or shaped like a cylinder. 
cylindriform (sil-in'drif-orm). Resembling or 
shaped like a cylinder. 
cylindro-adenoma (sil-in"dro-ad-en-o'mah). A 
tumor formed by the hyaline degeneration of 
an adenoma and containing cylindric masses of 
hyaline matter. 
cylindrocellular (sil"in-dro-sel'u-lar). Composed 
of or containing cylindric cells. 
cylindrodendrite (sil"in-dro-den'drlt). Same as 
paraxon. 
cylindroid (sil-in'droid) [Gr. KvXivbpoetbys cyiin- 
dric], i. Somewhat cylindric. 2. A spurious or 
mucous cast in the urine, of various origin and 
of various forms, though generally ribbon-like. 
cylindroma (sil-in-dro'mah) [Gr. KvXcvopos cylin- 
der], A variety of myxosarcoma, so called from 
its somewhat cylindric cells (Billroth). The tumor 
is usually seen about the face, and especially in the 
orbit. * 
cylindrosarcoma (sil-in"dro-sar-ko'mah). A 
tumor containing both cylindromatous and sar- 
comatous elements. 
cylindruria (sil-in-dru're-ah) [Gr. KvXivbpos cylin- 
der + ovpov urine]. The presence of cylindroids 
in the urine. 
cyllin (sil'in). A disinfectant preparation of creolin. 
cyllosis (sil-o'sis) [Gr. KvXXwtris]. Club-foot or 
other like deformity of the foot or leg. 
cymarin (si-mar'in). A colorless crystalline com- 
pound obtained from Apoc'ynum cannab'inum and 
A. androsamifo'lium: used like digitalis. Dose, 
oral, gr. (0.0003 gm.); intravenous or intra- 
muscular, (0.0005-0.001 gm.). 
cymba con'chae (sim'bah). The upper part of 
the concha of the ear. CYMBOCEPHALIC 
304 
CYST 
cymbocephalic, cymbocephalous (sim"bo-sef- 
al'ik, sim-bo-sef'al-us) [Gr. KvpBq boat + xe^aXij 
head]. Having a boat-shaped head. 
cymbocephaly (sim-bo-sef'al-e). The condition 
of being cymbocephalic. 
cyme (sim). A form of inflorescence composed of a 
flat-topped cluster of blossoms. 
cymene (si'men). A hydrocarbon, CH3.CsH4.CH- 
(CH3)2, occurring in the oils of cumin, thyme, and 
eucalyptus. 
cymogen (si'mo-jen). Specially prepared and modi- 
fied rennin for milk curdling in infant feeding. 
cymograph (si'mo-graf). Same as kymograph. 
cynanche (si-nan'ke) [Gr. kvwv dog 4- ayxeiv to 
choke]. Severe sore throat with threatened suf- 
focation. c. malig'na, a gangrenous or putrid 
sore throat, often diphtheric or scarlatinal. C. 
sublingua'lis, inflammation of the submaxillary 
connective tissue, c. tonsilla'ris. See quinsy. 
■cynanthropy (si-nan'thro-pe) [Gr. Kbuv dog 4- 
apOpanros man]. Insanity in which the patient 
considers himself, or behaves like, a dog. 
cynapin (sin'ap-in) [Gr. kvcov dog 4- olttlov parsley]. 
A poisonous crystalline alkaloid from Aithu'sa 
cyna'pium, or fool's-parsley. 
cynarase (si'nar-az). A ferment derived from the 
plant Cynara. 
cyniatria, cyniatrics (sin-e-at-re'ah, sin-e-at'- 
riks) [Gr. kvuv dog 4- larpda cure]. That branch 
of veterinary medicine which treats of diseases of 
dogs. 
cynic (sin'ik) [Gr. kwik6s]. Dog-like. c. spasm. 
See spasm. 
cynobex (si'no-beks) [Gr. kucov dog 4- cough]. 
The barking cough of early youth. 
cynocephalic (si"no-sef-al'ik) [Gr. kvuv dog 4- 
KetpaXq head]. Having a head shaped like that of 
a dog. 
cynoctonin (si-nok'to-nin) [Gr. kvwp dog 4- KTd- 
vttv to kill]. An amorphous poisonous alkaloid, 
C36H55N2O13, from Aconitium septentrionale. 
cynophobia (si-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. kwov dog 4- <pb^os 
fear]. Spurious hydrophobia. 
cynorexia (si-no-reks'e-ah) [Gr. kvcov dog 4- ope^is 
appetite]. Morbidly excessive hunger; bulimia. 
cynothyrotoxin (si-no-thi-ro-tok'sin) [Gr. kvwv 
dog 4- thyrotoxin]. A hypothetic substance as- 
sumed to occur normally in thyroid of dogs and 
to be toxic for man. 
cynotoxin (si-no-toks'in). A bitter, crystalline prin- 
ciple, C2oH2s061, from Apocynum cannabinum. 
cynurenic acid (sin-u-ren'ik). See under acid. 
cynurin (sin'u-rin). A bitter, colorless, crystalline 
compound, HOC9H8N, prepared from cynurenic 
acid and cinchonin. 
Cyon's nerve (se'onz) [Elie de Cyan, a Russian 
physiologist, 1843-1912]. See under nerves, table of. 
cyopin (si'o-pin) [Gr. Kvavos blue 4- ttvov pus]. The 
pigment of blue pus. 
Cyperus (si-pe'rus) [L.; Gr^ Kviretpos rush]. A 
genus of grass-like sedges or rushes. See adrue. 
cyphoscoliosis (si-fo-sko-le-o'sis). See kypho- 
scoliosis. 
cyphosis (si-fo'sis). See kyphosis. 
cyphotic (si-fot'ik). See kyphotic. 
cypridol (sip'rid-ol). A 1 per cent, solution of 
mercuric iodid in a fixed oil: used in syphilis. 
cypridopathy (sip-rid-op'ath-e) [Gr. Kuttpis Venus 
4- irados disease]. A venereal disease. 
cypridophobia (sip"rid-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. KuTrpis 
Venus 4- <pb@os fear], 1. A morbid fear of becoming 
infected with venereal disease. 2. Morbid dread of 
sexual intercourse. 
cyprinin (sip'rin-in). A protamin obtained from 
the sperm of the carp. 
cypripedin (sip-rip-e'din). A proprietary concen- 
tration derived from Cypripe'dium. Dose, £-3 gr. 
(0.032-0.19 gm.). 
Cypripedium (sip-rip-e'de-um) [Gr. Kuttpls Venus 
4- Trediop pudendum]. A genus of orchidaceous 
plants. The rhizome and root of C. hirsu'tum and 
C. parvijlo'rum, North American plants, are anti- 
spasmodic and nervine, and are used in hysteria, 
epilepsy, and chorea. Dose, in powder, 15 gr. 
(1 gm.); of fluidextract, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
cypriphobia (sip-rif-o'be-ah) [Gr. Kuirpts Venus + 
<pb/3os fear]. Morbid dread of coitus. 
cyrtograph (sirTo-graf) [Gr. kvptos bent 4- ypa- 
ipeLV to record]. A cyrtometer which registers the 
movements of the chest-wall. 
cyrtometer (sir-tom'e-ter) [Gr. kvptos bent + 
perpov measure]. A device for use in measuring 
the curves and curved surfaces of the body. 
cyrtosis (sir-to'sis) [Gr. kuptoxtis]. 1. Same as 
kyphosis. 2. Distortion of the bones. 
cyst (sist) [Gr. kvotls bladder]. Any sac, normal 
or other, especially one which contains a liquid 
or semisolid, adventitious c., a cyst formed 
about a foreign body or an exudate, allantoic 
C., a form of cystic dilatation of the urachus, 
apoplectic c., a cyst formed in a part by ex- 
travasation of blood in apoplexy, atheroma- 
tous C., a sebaceous tumor of the skin hav- 
ing pultaceous contents. Baker's c., hernia 
of the synovial membrane of a joint through 
an opening in its capsule, blood c., a cyst 
containing extravasated blood. Boyer's c., 
a painless and gradual enlargement of the sub- 
hyoid bursa, branchiogenetic c., branchio- 
genous c., a cyst formed from an incompletely 
closed branchial cleft, bursal c., a cyst derived 
from a serous bursa by dilatation, butter c. 1. 
A necrotic mass in a lipoma. 2. A retention cyst 
of the mammary gland filled with the products of 
the alteration of milk, such as butyric acid, 
chocolate C., ovarian hematomas, the contents 
of which have a chocolate-like appearance, chyle 
C., an abnormal sac of the mesentery containing 
chyle, colloid C., a cyst which contains jelly- 
like material, compound c. Same as multi- 
locular c. cutaneous c., cuticular c., a der- 
moid cyst, daughter c., a small cyst developed 
from the wall of a larger one. dentigerous c., a 
cyst containing teeth, dermoid c., one contain- 
ing tissues or appendages derived from the epiblast; 
some examples also contain teratoid remains, 
dilatation c., a cyst formed by dilatation of a 
previously existing cavity, distention c., a 
collection of watery fluid in a normal, but dis- 
tended cavity, echinococcus c. See hydatid c. 
endothelial c., a cyst whose sac has an endo- 
thelial lining, ependymal C., a circumscribed 
dilatation of some part of the ependyma, epi- 
thelial c., a dermoid cyst, extravasation c., 
a cyst formed by hemorrhage into the tissues, 
exudation c., a cyst formed by an exudate col- 
lected in a closed cavity, false C., an adventitious 
cyst, follicular c., one due to the occlusion of 
the duct of a follicle or small gland, gartnerian 
C., a cystic tumor developed from Gartner's duct, 
gas C., a small cyst filled with gas, of bacterial 
origin, hemorrhagic c., an encapsulated mass 
of extravasated blood, hydatid c., a cyst-like 
tumor found in man, sheep, cattle, and swine which 
is the cysticercus stage of Tcenia echinococcus. im- 
plantation C., a cyst formed from a piece of 
skin that has become implanted into the deep 
tissues. inclusion c., one formed by the 
inclusion of a small portion of the epiblast 
within the mesobl^st. involution c., a mul- 
tiple cystic dilatation of the milk-ducts after the 
menopause. It is not always malignant, but may 
result in cancer, iodin c. See lodamceba Buet- 
schlii. lacteal c., a cyst of the breast due 
to obstruction of a lactiferous duct, meibo- 
mian c. See chalazion, milk c. Same as 
lacteal c. morgagnian c., a hydatid of Mor- 
gagni. mother c., a cyst inclosing other cysts. CYSTADENOMA 
305 
CYSTITIS 
mucous c., a retention cyst which contains mu- 
cus. multilocular c., a cyst containing many 
loculi or spaces, which usually are endogenous 
daughter cysts, nabothian c's, small cysts 
formed by the retention of the secretion of the 
nabothian follicles, necrotic c., a cyst contain- 
ing necrotic matter, neural c., a cyst-like dila- 
tation of a ventricle or lymph-space of the brain or 
spinal cord, nevoid c., an abnormal cyst with 
vascular walls, oil C., a cyst containing oily 
matter, due to fatty degeneration of the epithelial 
lining, oophoritic c., a cyst of the ovary proper, 
pancreatic c., a retention cyst of the pancreatic 
duct, paranephric c., a cyst of the fatty tissue 
surrounding the kidney, parent c., a mother 
cyst, paroophoritic c., a cyst of the parova- 
rium. piliferous c., a dermoid cyst containing 
hair, proliferous c., a cyst which produces mul- 
tiple daughter cysts: often malignant. psoro- 
spermal c., a cyst containing psorosperms. re- 
tention C., one which is caused by the retention of 
the secretion of a gland, sanguineous c., a 
cyst containing blood, sebaceous c., the reten- 
tion cyst of a sebaceous gland, secondary c., 
a daughter cyst, secretory c., a cyst produced 
by retention of the normal secretion of a gland, 
seminal c., a cyst containing semen. se- 
questration c., a dermoid cyst separated from 
the skin, due to embryonic displacement of a 
piece of skin, serous c., a cyst containing a 
thin liquid or serum, soap C., a collection of 
yellow, fatty matter encysted in the breast, sterile 
C., a true hydatid cyst which fails to produce 
brood-capsules, sublingual c. Same as ran- 
ula. subsynovial c., one caused by the dis- 
tention of a synovial follicle, synovial c., a 
distended synovial bursa or tendon-sheath, tar- 
sal c., chalazion, thecal c., distention of a 
sheath of a tendon, thyrolingual c., a cyst in 
the neck caused by lack of closure of the primitive 
thyrolingual duct, true c., any cyst not normal 
and not formed by the dilatation of a passage or 
cavity, umbilical C. Same as mtello-intestinal 
c. unilocular c., a cyst containing but one 
cavity, urachal c. Same as allantoic c. urin- 
ary c., a cyst containing urine, vitello-intes- 
tinal C., a cyst-like tumor at the umbilicus, 
caused by persistence of a portion of the umbilical 
duct, wolffian c., a cyst of the broad ligaments 
of the uterus, regarded as developed from vestiges 
of the wolffian body. 
cystadenoma (sis"tad-e-no'mah) [cyst 4- ade- 
noma}. Adenoma which has. undergone cystic 
degeneration, c. adamanti'num. See ada- 
mantinoma. c. par'tim sim'plex par'tim pap- 
illif'erum, a combination of simple and papillary 
cystadenoma. 
cy stadeno sarcoma (sis-tad"en-o-sar-ko'mah). 
Cystadenoma blended with sarcoma. 
cystalgia (sis-tal'je-ah) [Gr. Kvans bladder + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the bladder. 
cystamin (sis-tam'in). A urinary antiseptic useful 
in cystitis, phosphaturia, and gout. Dose, 5-10 
gr- (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
cystatrophia (sis-tat-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. Kuans bladder 
4- arpotpLa atrophy]. Atrophy of the bladder. 
cystauchenitis (sis"taw-ken-i'tis) [Gr. Kvarcs blad- 
der 4- avxrp' neck]. Inflammation of the neck of 
the bladder. 
cystauchenotomy (sis"taw-ken-ot'o-me) [Gr. kv<t- 
tls bladder + avxqv neck 4- rop-q cut]. Surgical 
incision of the neck of the bladder. 
cystazol (sis'taz-ol). A proprietary name for 
hexamethylenetetramin-sodio-benzoate: used as 
an antiseptic in cystitis and bacillary infections of 
the genito-urinary tract. 
cystectasia, cystectasy (sis-tek-ta'se-ah, sis-tek'- 
ta-se) [Gr. kvcttis bladder 4- exraais dilatation]. 
Slitting of the membranous portion of the ure- 
thra and dilatation of the neck of the bladder for 
the extraction of stone. 
cystectomy (sis-tek'to-me) [Gr. kwttis bladder 4- 
eKTopi] excision], i. Excision of a cyst. 2. Ex- 
cision of a bladder, especially the gall-bladder. 
cystein (sis-te'in). Aminothiolactic acid, SH.CH2.- 
CH(NH2).C00H, an amino-acid derivable from 
cystin, sometimes found in the urine. 
cystelcosis (sis-tel-ko'sis) [Gr. kv^tls bladder + 
eXxoms ulceration]. Ulceration of the bladder. 
cystencephalus (sis-ten-sef'al-us) [Gr. Kvans blad- 
der 4- kyzeipaXos brain]. A fetal monster with a 
membranous sac in place of a brain. 
cystendesis (sis-ten-de'sis) [Gr. Kuans bladder + 
suturation]. Suturation of a wound of 
the gall-bladder or of the urinary bladder. 
cysterethism (sis-tePeth-izm) [Gr. Kuans bladder 
+ epefhapos erethism]. Irritability of the bladder. 
cysthypersarcosis (sist-hi"per-sar-ko'sis) [Gr. 
Kvarcs bladder 4- virep over 4- adpKuai s growth of 
flesh]. A thickening of the muscular coat of the 
bladder. 
cystic (sis'tik) [Gr. kwttis bladder]. Pertaining to 
a cyst or to the urinary bladder. 
cysticercoid (sis-te-ser'koid). A form of larval 
tapeworm resembling cysticercus, but having the 
bladder small and almost devoid of fluid. 
cysticercosis (sis-te-ser-ko'sis). The condition of 
being infected with cysticerci. 
Cysticercus (sis-te-ser'kus), pl. cysticer'ci [Gr. 
Kvarts bladder 4- KepKos tail]. A larval form of 
the tapeworm in which the scolex is enclosed in a 
bladder-like cyst. See hydatid. C. acantho'- 
trias, a species found in the dura mater of the 
human brain. C. bo'vis, the larva of Tce'nia 
sagina'ta, found in the muscles of the ox. C. 
cellulo'sae, the larva of Tce'nia so'lium, or pork 
tapeworm of man. It is found in the muscles of 
the pig. C. tenuicol'lis, a hydatid found in the 
abdominal cavity of swine, sheep, and occasion- 
ally of man. It is the larva of Tce'nia margina'la 
■ of the dog. 
cysticolithectomy (sis"tik-o-lith-ek'to-me) [Gr. 
Kvar is bladder 4- XlOos stone 4- eKropr) excision]. 
Removal of stone from the gall-bladder by an in- 
cision through the cystic duct. 
cysticotomy (sis-tik-ot'om-e) [cystic duct 4- Gr. 
Topi] a cutting]. Incision into the cystic duct. 
cystidolaparotomy (sis"tid-o-lap-ar-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
kwttis bladder 4- laparotomy}. Incision of the 
bladder through the abdominal wall. 
cystidotrachelotomy (sis"tid-o-trak-el-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. sums bladder 4- rpax^Xos neck 4- rop-q a 
cut]. Incision of the neck of the bladder. 
cystifellotomy (sis"te-fel-ot'o-me) [Gr. Kvarts 
bladder 4- L. fel bile 4- Gr. Ttpveiv to cut]. Chole- 
cystotomy. 
cystiform (sis'tif-orm) [L. cyst'is cyst 4- for'ma 
form]. Having the form or appearance of a cyst. 
cystigerous (sis-tij'er-us) [cyst 4- L. geTere to bear]. 
Containing cysts. 
cystin (sis'tin). Dicystein, (SCH2.CHNH2.COOH)2, 
an amino-acid sometimes found in the urine and 
■ in the kidneys in the form of minute hexagonal 
crystals, frequently forming cystin calculus in the 
bladder. Cystin is the chief sulphur-containing 
compound of the protein molecule. 
cystinemia (sis-tin-e'me-ah) [cystin 4- Gr. aqua 
blood]. Presence of cystin in the blood. 
cystinuria (sis-tin-u're-ah) [cystin 4- urine]. The 
occurrence of cystin in the urine. 
cystinuric (sis-tin-u'rik). Pertaining to or affected 
with cystinuria. 
cystirrhagia (sis-tir-a'je-ah). Cystorrhagia. 
cystirrhea (sis-te-re'ah). Cystorrhea. 
cystistaxis (sis-te-staks'is) [Gr. Kvaris bladder 4- 
ard&s dripping]. Oozing of blood into the 
bladder. e 
cystitis (sis-ti'tis). Inflammation of the bladder, 
acute catarrhal c. is excited by injuries, irri- CYSTITOME 
306 
CYSTOSCHISIS 
tation of foreign bodies, gonorrhea, etc., and is 
marked by burning in the bladder, pain in the 
urethra, and painful micturition, chronic c. is 
due to a neglected acute cystitis. The symptoms 
are the same as those of the acute form, but are 
milder in character, and the disease is attended 
by increasing depreciation of health, c. col'li, in- 
flammation of the neck of the bladder, croupous 
C., diphtheric c., that due to diphtheric in- 
fection, and marked by the presence of false 
membrane, exfoliative c., cystitis with slough- 
ing of the mucous membrane of the bladder. C. 
papillomato'sa, cystitis located at the trigone 
of the bladder and marked by the presence of villi 
springing from an inflamed mucous membrane. C. 
seni'lis femina'rum, a chronic cystitis occurring 
in old women and marked by abnormal frequency 
of micturition with tenesmus and burning. 
cystitome (sis'te-tom) [Gr. warts sac 4- repveiv to 
cut]. An instrument for opening the sac of the 
lens of the eye. 
cystitomy (sis-tit'o-me) [Gr. warts sac + repvetv 
to cut]. The surgical division of the capsule of 
the lens. 
cysto-adenoma (sis"to-ad-en-o'mah). A tumor 
containing cystic and adenomatous elements. 
cystoblast (sis'to-blast) [Gr. warts cyst + ^Xaaros 
germ]. The layer of cells that lines the amniotic 
cavity of the early embryo on the side of the en- 
veloping layer. 
cystocarcinoma (sis"to-kar-sin-o'mah). Carci- 
noma affected with cystic degeneration. 
cystocele (sis'to-sel) [Gr. wans bladder + K-qXr) 
hernia]. Hernial protrusion of a knuckle of the 
urinary bladder. 
cystocolostomy (sis"to-ko-los'to-me) [Cr.^xvans 
bladder + colostomy]. The surgical creation of a 
permanent passage from the bladder to the colon. 
cystodynia (sis-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. wans bladder + 
bbvvq pain]. Pain in the urinary bladder. 
cysto-elytroplasty (sis"to-el-it'ro-plas-te) [Gr. 
Kvans bladder -f- eXvrpov vagina + TrAaaaetp to 
form]. Surgical repair of vesicovaginal injuries. 
cysto-enterocele (sis-to-en'ter-o-sel). Hernia of 
a portion of the bladder and of the intestine. 
cysto-epiplocele (sis"to-ep-ip'lo-sel). Hernia con- 
taining a portion of the bladder and of the omen- 
tum. 
cysto-epithelioma (sis"to-ep-e-the-le-o'mah). A 
tumor containing cystic and epitheliomatous 
elements. 
cystofibroma (sis"to-fi-bro'mah) [L.]. Fibroma 
containing cysts. 
cystoformin (sis-to-for'min). A compound of 
urotropin and sodium acetate used as a urinary 
antiseptic in doses of 30 gr. (1.95 gm.) daily. 
cystogen. (sis'to-jen). A white powder, C6H12N4, 
used as a germicide in gonorrhea, cystitis, and 
kidney diseases. Dose, 5 gr. (0.333 gm.). 
cystogram (sis'to-gram). A radiographic picture 
of the bladder. 
cystography (sis-tog'raf-e) [Gr. warts bladder + 
ypatpetv to write]. Radiography of the bladder 
after injection of the organ with coilargol solu- 
tion. 
cystoid (sis'toid) [Gr. wans bladder + etSos form]. 
1. Resembling a cyst. 2. A cyst-like, circum- 
scribed collection of softened material, differing 
from a true cyst in having no inclosing capsule. 
Cystolith (sis'to-lith) [Gr. warts bladder + Xlfios 
stone]. A urinary calculus. 
cystolithectomy (sis"to-lith-ek'to-me) [Gr. warts 
bladder + XiOos stone + kKrop-q excision]. The 
excision of a gall-stone from the gall-bladder. 
cystolithiasis (sis"to-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. wans blad- 
der + XiOos stone]. The development of calculi 
in the bladder. 
cystolithic (sis-to-lith'ik). Pertaining to urinary 
calculi. 
cystolutein (sis-to-lu'te-in) [Gr. Kvans cyst + L. 
lu'teus yellow]. A yellow pigment from certain 
ovarian cysts. 
cystoma (sis-to'mah) [Gr. Kvarcs cyst + -w/za tu- 
mor]. A tumor containing cysts of pathologic 
origin; a cystic tumor. 
cystomatitis (sis"to-mat-i'tis). Inflammation of 
one or more of the cysts of a cystoma. 
cystomatous (sis-to'mat-us). Relating to or con- 
taining cystoma. 
Cystomonas (sis-tom'o-nas). Same as Bodo. 
cystomorphous (sis-to-mor'fus) [Gr. Kuans blad- 
der -|- form]. Resembling a cyst or blad- 
der. 
cystomyoma (sis"to-mi-o'mah). Cystoma blended 
with myoma. 
cystomyxo-adenoma (sis"to-miks-o-ad-en-o'mah). 
Cystomyxoma blended with adenoma. 
cystomyxoma (sis"to-miks-o'mah). Myxoma which 
has undergone cystic degeneration. 
cystonephrosis (sis"to-nef-ro'sis) [Gr. kvotis cyst 
+ vetppbs kidney], Cystiform dilatation or en- 
largement of the kidney. 
cystoneuralgia (sis"to-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. kuotis 
bladder + neuralgia]. Neuralgia of the bladder. 
cystoparalysis (sis"to-par-al'is-is). Paralysis of 
the bladder. 
cystopexy (sis'to-peks-e) [Gr. Kuans bladder + 
fixation]. Cure of cystocele by fixing the 
bladder to the abdominal wall. 
cystophotography (sis"to-fo-tog'raf-e). The pho- 
tographing of the inside of the bladder. 
cystophthisis (sis-tof'this-is) [Gr. kvotis bladder 
+ <p6l<ris consumption]. Tuberculosis of the 
bladder. 
cystoplasty (sis'to-plas-te) [Gr. Kvans bladder + 
TrXaaaeiv to mold]. The plastic surgery of the 
bladder. 
cystoplegia (sis-to-ple'je-ah) [Gr. kwttis bladder + 
irXqyq stroke]. Paralysis of the bladder. 
cystoproctostomy (sis"to-prok-tos'to-me). Same 
as cystorectostomy. 
cystoptosis (sis-top-to'sis) [Gr. kwttis bladder + 
tctwols a falling]. Prolapse of a part of the inner 
coat of the bladder into the urethra. 
cystopurin (sis-to-pu'rin). A proprietary urinary 
antiseptic, being a double salt of hexamethylena- 
min and sodium acetate, (CH^eN^aCHa.COONa.- 
6H2O. 
cystopyelitis (sis"to-pi-el-i'tis) [Gr. kw-tis bladder 
+ pyelitis]. Cystitis complicated with pyelitis. 
cystopyelonephritis (sis"to-pi"el-o-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. 
Kvans bladder + irveXos pelvis + vetppbs kidney + 
-ins inflammation]. Combined inflammation of 
the bladder and of the pelvis of the kidney. 
cystoradiography (sis"to-ra-de-og'raf-e) [Gr. 
Kvarcs bladder + radiography]. Radiography of 
the bladder. 
cystorectostomy (sis"to-rek-tos'to-me) [Gr. kvotls 
bladder + L. rec'tum straight gut + Gr. aropa. 
opening]. The formation of an artificial passage 
between the rectum and the bladder. 
cystorrhagia (sis-tor-a'je-ah) [Gr. Kvarcs bladder 
+ pqyvwcu to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
bladder. 
cystorrhaphy (sis-tor'af-e) [Gr. kv^tis bladder + 
pa<p-q suture]. The suturation of the bladder. 
cystorrhea (sis-tor-e'ah) [Gr. kvittis bladder + 
poia flow]. Catarrh of the bladder. 
cystosarcoma (sis"to-sar-ko'mah). Sarcoma with 
contained cysts. 
cystoschisis (sis-tos'kis-is) [Gr. warts bladder + 
rrxuris fissure]. Fissure of the bladder. CYSTOSCIRRHUS 
307 
CYTOKINESIS 
cystOScirrhus (sis-to-skir'us) [Gr. kvotls bladder 4* 
amppos hard]. Hard cancer of the bladder. 
cystoscope (sis'to-skop) [Gr. Khares bladder 4- oko- 
nelv to inspect]. An endoscope for examining 
the interior of the bladder. 
cystoscopic (sis-to-skop'ik). Pertaining to or per- 
formed with the cystoscope. 
cystoscopy (sis-tos'ko-pe). Examination of the 
bladder with the cystoscope. 
cystose (sis'tos). Resembling or containing a cyst 
or cysts. 
cystosin (sis'to-sin). Dithiodiamido-ethydene lac- 
tic acid, a substance derivable from nuclein and 
sometimes found in urinary sediment. 
cystospasm (sis'to-spazm) [Gr. Kvarcs bladder + 
airaapbs spasm]. Spasm of the bladder. 
cystospermitis (sis"to-sper-mi'tis) [Gr. Kvarcs 
bladder + arreppa semen]. Inflammation of a 
seminal vesicle. 
cystostaxis (sis-to-staks'is). Same as cystistaxis. 
cystostomy (sis-tos'to-me) [Gr. Kvans bladder + 
arbpa opening]. The formation of an opening 
into the bladder. 
cystotome (sis'to-tom) [Gr. Kvans bladder 4- rep- 
veiv to cut], i. An instrument for incising the 
bladder. 2. Same as cystitome. 
cystotomy (sis-tot'o-me). The operation of mak- 
ing an incision into the bladder, suprapubic 
C., the operation of cutting into the bladder by an 
incision just above the pubic symphysis. 
cystotrachelotomy (sis"to-tra-kel-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
Khares bladder 4- rpax^os neck 4- ropq cut]. Sur- 
gical incision of the neck of the bladder. 
cysto-ureteritis (sis"to-u-re-ter-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the bladder and ureters. 
cysto-ureterogram (sis"to-u-re'ter-o-gram). A 
radiogram of the bladder and ureter. 
cysto-ureteropyelonephritis (sis"to-u-re"te-ro- 
pi-el-o-nef-ri'tis). Combined inflammation of the 
bladder, ureters, and pelvis of the kidney. 
cysto-urethritis (sis"to-u-reth-ri'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the bladder and urethra. 
cysto-urethroscope (sis"to-u-re'thro-skop). An 
instrument for examining the bladder and pos- 
terior urethra. 
cytameba (si-tam-e'bah) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- ameba]. 
An ameba occurring within a cell. 
cytase (si'tas) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- -ase]. 1. Metch- 
nikoff's term for the complement regarded as a 
ferment. 2. An enzyme occurring in the seeds of 
various plants, having the power of making soluble 
the material of the cell-wall. 
cytaster (si'tas-ter) [Gr. kvtos cell 4* aarqp star]. 
Same as aster. 
cytax (si'taks) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- L. taxa're to es- 
timate]. An instrument for automatically esti- 
mating and registering the proportions of the vari- 
ous cells of the blood. 
cythemolysis (si-them-ol'is-is). Same as hem- 
ocytolysis. 
cythemolytic (si-them-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to 
destruction of blood-corpuscles. 
cytheromania (sith"er-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. KvOepa 
Venus 4- pavea madness]. Nymphomania. 
cytidin (si'tid-in). A pentosid from nucleic acid. 
On hydrolysis it yields cytosin and ribose. 
cytisin (sit'is-in) [Gr. Kvreaos laburnum]. A white, 
crystalline base, C2oH37N30, from Cyt'isus labur'- 
num, the laburnum tree of Europe, and others of 
the same genus: it is a cathartic, diuretic, and 
emetic poison; its nitrate is given hypodermically. 
Dose, 2*0-^ gr. (0.003-0.0054 gm.). 
cytisism (sit'is-izm). Poisoning by Cytisus labur- 
num. 
cyto-architectonic (si"to-ar-ke-tek-ton'ik). Per- 
taining to the arrangement of cells in a tissue. 
cytobiology (si"to-bi-ol'o-je) [Gr. kvtos cell + biol- 
ogy]. Cell biology; the biology of cells. 
cytoblast (si'to-blast) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- ^Aaarbs 
germ]. The cell-nucleus. 
cytoblastema (si"to-blas-te'mah) [Gr. kvtos cell 
+ blastema], Schleiden's name for the mother 
liquid from which cells are formed. 
cytocerastic (si"to-se-ras'tik). See cytokerastic. 
cytochemism (si-to-kem'izm) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
chemism]. The reaction of the body-cells to anti- 
toxin, producing in the organism specific anti- 
toxic substances. 
cytochemistry (si-to-kem'is-tre) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
chemistry]. Chemistry of the cell. 
cytochrome (si'to-krom) [Gr. kvtos cell + 
color]. A nerve-cell having an ill-developed cell- 
body, in which the stained nucleus appears to be 
completely surrounded, and does not exceed in 
size the nucleus of a leukocyte. 
cytochylema (si"to-ki-le'mah) [Gr. kvtos cell + 
XvXos juice]. The more fluid part, or ground- 
substance, of the cell-protoplasm, as opposed to 
that of the nucleus. 
cytoclasis (si-to-kla'sis) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- KXaais 
destruction]. The destruction of cells. 
cytoclastic (si-to-klas'tik). Destroying cells. 
cytocyst (si'to-sist) [Gr. kvtos cell -T kovtis cyst]. 
A cyst-like structure inclosing a mass of mero- 
zoites, being the remains of the host-cell in which 
the merozoites were formed. 
cytode (si'tod) [Gr. kvtos cell 4* elbos form], A 
non-nucleated cell or cell-element. 
cytodendrite (si-to-den'drlt) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
dendrite]. Any dendrite other than an axoden- 
drite; a dendrite given off from the cell itself, as 
distinguished from an axodendrite. 
cytodesma (si-to-dez'mah) [Gr. kvtos cell + 8 tapa 
band]. The lamellar or bridge-like tissues binding 
animal cells together (Studnicka). 
cytodiagnosis (si"to-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. kvtos cell 
+ diagnosis]. Diagnosis of disease by examining 
the cell-contents of effusions into the serous cav- 
ities of the body. 
cytodieresis (si"to-di-er'es-is) [Gr. kvtos cell + 
bcalpeacs division]. Indirect cell-division. 
cytodistal (si-to-dis'tal) [Gr. kvtos cell + distal]. 
Remote from the cell of origin. 
cytofin (si'to-fin). One of the alloxur bases allied 
to thymin. 
cytogenesis (si-to-jen'es-is) [Gr. kvtos tell 4- 
yeveacs origin]. The development of cells; cell- 
reproduction. 
cytogenic (si-to-jen'ik). Of, or pertaining to, cyto- 
genesis. 
cytogenous (si-toj'en-us) [Gr. kvtos cell + yewav 
to produce]. Producing cells. 
cytogeny (si-toj'en-e). Same as cytogenesis. 
cytoglobin (si-to-glo'bin) [Gr. kvtos cell + globin], 
A protein substance from white blood-corpuscles. 
It is also obtainable from lymph-glands (Alexander 
Schmidt). 
cytohistogenesis (si"to-his-to-jen'es-is) [Gr. 
kvtos cell + taros tissue 4- vepevis formation]. 
The development of the structure of cells. 
cytohyaloplasm (si-to-hi'al-o-plazm) [Gr. kvtos 
cell + vaXos transparent 4- irXaapa plasm]. The 
reticular substance of cell-protoplasm. 
cytohydrolist (si-to-hi'dro-list) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
hydrolist]. An enzyme which breaks up the cell 
wall by hydrolysis. 
cytoid (si'toid) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- elbos form]. Re- 
sembling a cell. 
cytokerastic (si"to-ke-ras'tik) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
Kepaaros mixed]. Pertaining to the development 
of cells from a lower to a higher order. 
cytokinesis (si"to-kin-e'sis) [Gr. kvtos cell + CYTOLIST 
308 
CYTOZYM 
Ktvqats motion]. The mitotic division of the extra- 
nuclear portion of the cell. 
cytOlist (si'to-list). Same as cylolysin. 
cytologic (si-to-loj'ik). Pertaining to cytology. 
cytology (si-tol'o-je) [Gr. kvtos cell 4* Xoyos treat- 
ise]. The scientific study of cells, their structure, 
and functions. 
cytolymph (si'to-limf) [Gr. kIitos cell 4- lymph]. 
See paraplasm. 
cytolysin (si-tol'is-in). A substance or antibody 
which produces dissolution of cells. Cytolysins 
which have a specific action for certain cells are 
named accordingly, as hemolysins, etc. 
Cytolysis (si-tol'is-is) [Gr. kvtos cell + \vats disso- 
lution]. The dissolution or destruction of cells. 
cytolytic (si-to-lit'ik). Pertaining to or causing 
cytolysis. 
cytoma (si-to'mah) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- -opa tumor]. 
A cell tumor, as a sarcoma. 
cytomachia (si-to-mak'e-ah) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
paxy fight]. The struggle between bacteria and 
the protective cells of the body. 
cytomere (si'to-mer) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- pepos part]. 
One of the bodies formed in coccidian reproduc- 
tion by division of the trophozoite, each cyto- 
mere becoming the center of merozoite for- 
mation. 
cytometaplasia (si"to-met-ah-pla'se-ah) [Gr. 
kvtos cell 4- peTaTrXaais change]. Alteration 
in the form or function of a cell. 
cytometer (si-tom'et-er) [Gr, kvtos cell 4~ perpov 
measure], A device for counting and measuring 
cells. 
cytometry (si-tom'et-re). The counting of blood- 
cells; blood-counting. 
cytomicrosome (si-to-mik'ro-som) [Gr. kvtos cell 
4- microsome], A microsome of chromatin found 
in cytohyaloplasm. 
cytomitome (si-to-mi'tbm) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- piros 
thread]. A fibril or fibrillary structure of the 
spongioplasm. 
cytomorphosis (si"to-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. kvtos cell 
4- pbpipwats transformation]. The series of changes 
through which cells go in the process of formation, 
development, decay, etc. 
cytopenia (si-to-pe'ne-ah) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- Trevijs 
poor]. Deficiency in the cellular elements of the 
blood. 
cytophagocytosis (si"to-fag-o-si-to'sis). Same as 
cytophagy. 
cytophagous (si-tof'a-gus) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- <pa.yeiv 
to eat]. Devouring or consuming cells. 
cytophagy (si-tof'aj-e). The absorption of cells 
by other cells. 
cytopharynx (si-to-far'inks). The depression in 
the body of infusoria through which food matter 
is received. 
cytophil, cytophilic (si'to-fil, si-to-fil'ik) [Gr. 
kvtos cell 4- <pt\eiv to love]. Having an affinity 
for cells, as, the cytophil group of molecules of an 
amboceptor. 
cytophysics (si-to-fiz'iks). The physics of cell 
activity. 
cytophysiology (si"to-fiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. kvtos cell 
4- physiology]. The physiology of the cell. 
cytoplasm (si'to-plazm) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- irXoapa 
plasm]. The protoplasm of a cell exclusive of that 
of the nucleus. 
cytoplasmic (si-to-plaz'mik). Pertaining to or 
contained in the cytoplasm. 
cytoplast (si'to-plast). The contents of the cell- 
body as distinguished from the nuclear contents. 
cytoplastin (si-to-plas'tin). The plastin of cell 
cytoplasm. 
cytoproximal (si-to-proks'im-al) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
proximal]. Nearest to the cell of origin. 
cytoreticulum (si"to-re-tik'u-lum) [Gr. kvtos cell 
4- L. retie'ulum network], A fibrillar network of 
spongioplasm. 
Cytorrhyctes (si-tor-ik'tez) [Gr. kvtos cell + 
opvaaetv to dig]. Cell inclusions, found in various 
diseases, which may be specific protozoal pathogens, 
or they may be manifestations of cell reactions to 
the parasite of the disease, or they may be degenera- 
tions caused by the disease. C. aphtha'rum, a 
species thought to be concerned in the etiology of 
foot-and-mouth disease. C. coc'ci. See Siegel's 
organism, under organism. C. guarnie'ri, C. 
vaccina1 and C. variola:. C. lu'is, a species found 
in the blood in certain cases of syphilis. C. 
scarlati'nae, a species thought to be the causative 
agent in scarlatina. C. vaccin'ise, a species 
found in the lesions of small-pox, and thought to 
be concerned in the etiology of that disease. C. 
vari'olse occurs in the epithelial cells of the ves- 
icles of variola, and is thought to be the etiologic 
factor in that disease. 
Cytoryctes (si-tor-ik'tez). Cytorrhyctes. 
cytoscopy (si-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. kvtos cell + aKoiteiv 
to examine). Examination of cells. 
cytosin (si'to-sin). A base, oxyaminopyrimidin, 
C4H5N3O, one of the disintegration products of 
nucleic acid. 
cytosis (si-to'sis) [Gr. kvtos cell]. A term used by 
Arneth to denote the condition of the nucleus of 
a leukocyte. According to the condition or char- 
acteristics of the nucleus there are distinguished 
isocytosis, anisocytosis, hypercytosis, hypocytosis, and 
normocytosis. 
cytosome (si'to-som) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- a&pa body]. 
The body of a cell apart from its nucleus. 
cytospongium (si-to-spon'je-um) [Gr. kvtos cell + 
aTroyyos sponge]. The cell network or spongio- 
plasm. 
cytost (si'tost). A specific toxin given off from a 
cell as a result of injury to it. 
cytostasis (si-tos'tas-is) [Gr. kvtos cell + araacs 
halt]. The closure of capillaries by white blood- 
corpuscles in the early stages of inflammation. 
cytostome (si'to-stom) [Gr. kvtos cell + aropa 
mouth]. The cell-mouth; the mouth aperture of 
certain protozoa. 
cytostromatic (si"to-stro-mat'ik) [Gr. kvtos cell 
4- stroma], Pertaining to the stroma of a cell. 
cytotactic (si-to-tak'tik). Pertaining to cytotaxis. 
cytotaxia, cytotaxis (si-to-taks'e-ah, si-to-taks'is) 
[Gr. kvtos cell 4- tolyls arrangement]. The selec- 
tion and arranging function of the cells. 
cytotherapy (si-to-ther'ap-e) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
Oepaireta treatment]. Treatment by the adminis- 
tration of animal cells. 
cytothesis (si-toth'es-is) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- Seats 
placing]. The restitution of injured cells to their 
normal condition. 
cytotoxic (si-to-toks'ik). Having the action of a 
cy to toxin. 
cytotoxin (si-to-toks'in) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- toxin], 
A toxin or antibody which has a specific toxic 
action upon cells of special organs. Cytotoxins 
are named according to the special variety of cell 
for which they are specific, as, nephrotoxin. 
cytotrochin (si-to-tro'kin) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
rpoxia track]. That element of a toxin which 
carries the active element to the cell. 
cytotropic (si-to-trop'ik) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- rpon-q a 
turn]. Attracting cells; having affinity for cells. 
cytotropism (si-tot'ro-pizm). Same as cytotaxis. 
cytozoic (si-to-zo'ik) [see cytozoon], Living within 
or attached to cells: said of parasites. 
cytozoon (si-to-zo'on), pl. cytozo'a [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
fwov animal]. A protozoan parasite inhabiting a 
cell or having the structure of a simple cell. 
cytozym, cytozyme (si'to-zlm) [Gr. kvtos cell 4- 
£vpr) ferment]. A supposed substance which exists 
in the body cells and facilitates the clotting of the 
blood. Called also thrombokinase. CYTULA 
309 
DACTYLATE 
cytula (sit'u-lah). The impregnated ovum. 
cyturia (si-tu're-ah) [Gr. kvtos cell + ovpov urine]. 
Presence of cells of any sort in the urine. 
Czaplewsky's bacillus, method of staining 
(chap-plev'skez) [Eugen Czaplewsky, a Polish 
bacteriologist, born 1865]. See bacillus and stain, 
table of. 
Czermak's spaces (char'mahks) [Johann Nepomuk 
Czermak, Bohemian physician, 1828-1873]. See 
space. 
Czerny's suture (char'nez) [Vincenz Czerny, sur- 
geon in Heidelberg, 1842-1916]. See suture. 
Czerny-Lembert suture (char'ne-lahm-bar). See 
suture. 
D 
D stands for L., dosis, dose; da, give; detur, let it be 
given; dexter, right; also for density, died, didy- 
mium, diopter, d'orsal, and duration. 
Daboi'a Russel'li. Russell's viper, a very 
poisonous Indian snake. 
DaCosta's disease [Jacob M. DaCosta, American 
physician, 1833-1900]. Retrocedent gout. 
dacrocystitis (dak"ro-sis-ti'tis). Same as dacryo- 
cystitis. 
dacryadenalgia (dak"re-ad-en-al'je-ah) [Gr. 6dx- 
pv tear + &8qv gland + aXyos pain]. Pain in a 
lacrimal gland. 
dacryadenitis (dak"re-ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. SaKpv tear 
+ a8qv gland + -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of a lacrimal gland. 
dacryadenoscirrhus (dak"re-ad-en-o-skir'us) [Gr. 
SaKpv tear + a8qv gland + anippos scirrhus]. Scir- 
rhus of a lacrimal gland. 
dacryagogatresia (dak"re-ag-o-gat-re'ze-ah) [Gr. 
SaKpv tear + ayoiybs leading + atresia]. Atresia, 
imperforation, or closure of a tear-duct. 
dacryagogue (dak're-ag-og) [L. dacryago'gus; Gr. 
SaKpv tear + ayuybs leading], 1. Provoking a 
flow of tears. 2. Serving as a channel for tears. 3. 
A substance or agent which causes a flow of tears. 
dacrycystalgia (dak"re-sis-tal'je-ah) [Gr. SaKpv 
tear + kvotis cyst + iiXyos pain]. Pain in a 
dacryocyst. 
dacryelcosis (dak"re-el-ko'sis) [Gr. SaKpv tear + 
eXKuais ulceration]. Ulceration of the lacrimal 
apparatus. 
dacryo-adenitis (dak"re-o-ad-en-i'tis). Same as 
dacryadenitis. 
dacryoblennorrhea (dak"re-o-blen-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
SaKpvov tear + blennorrhea]. Mucous discharge 
from the tear-ducts, as in chronic dacryocystitis. 
dacryocele (dak're-o-sel) [Gr. SaKpv tear + Kq\q 
hernia]. Hernial protrusion of the lacrimal sac. 
dacryocyst (dak're-o-sist) [Gr. SaKpvov tear + kv<t- 
tls bag]. The lacrimal sac or tear-sac. 
dacryocystalgia (dak"re-o-sis-tal'je-ah). See 
dacrycystalgia. 
dacryocystitis (dak"re-o-sis-ti'tis). Inflammation 
of the tear-sac; especially an acute suppurative 
inflammation of the submucous tissue, with pain- 
ful swelling and discharge of pus. chronic d. 
See dacryocystoblennorrhea. 
dacryocystitome (dak"re-o-sis'tit-6m) [dacryo- 
cyst + Gr. ropq cut]. An instrument for incising 
lacrimal strictures. 
dacryocystoblennorrhea (dak"re-o-sis"to-blen- 
or-e'ah) [dacryocyst + blennorrhea]. Chronic 
dacryocystitis, a chronic catarrhal inflammation 
of the lacrimal sac, due to stricture of the nasal 
duct, with consequent decomposition of the tears, 
dacryocystocele (dak"re-o-sis'to-sel) [dacryocyst 
+ Gr. Kq\q hernia]. Protrusion of the lacrimal 
sac. 
dacryocystoptosis (dak"re-o-sis-top-to'sis) [Gr. 
SaKpvov tear + Kbarcs sac + fall]. Prolapse 
or downward displacement of the tear-sac. 
dacryocystorhinostomy (dak"re-o-sis-to-ri-nos'- 
to-me) [dacryocyst + Gr. pls nose + aropa open- 
ing]. The operation of forming a communication 
between the lacrimal sac and the middle meatus of 
the nose through the lacrimal bone. 
dacryocystosyringotomy (dak"re-o-sis-to-si-rin- 
got'o-me) [Gr. Saxpvov tear + kvotis sac + avpiy^ 
tube + ropq cut]. The operation of incising the 
lacrimal sac and duct. 
dacryocystotome (dak"re-o-sis'to-tom) [Gr. 8o.k- 
pvou tear + kuotis sac + rop-q cut]. An instru- 
ment for cutting or piercing the lacrimal sac. 
dacryocystotomy (dak"re-o-sis-tot'o-me). Sur- 
gical puncture of the tear-sac. 
dacryohelcosis (dak"re-o-hel-ko'sis) [Gr. 6axpv 
tear 4- eXxwcris ulceration]. Ulceration of the 
lacrimal sac or of the lacrimal duct. 
dacryohemorrhea, dacryohaemorrhoea (dak"- 
re-o-hem-or-e'ah) [Gr. SaKpv tear + alpa blood + 
data flow]. The discharge of bloody tears. 
dacryolin (dak're-o-lin). An albuminous substance 
found in tears. 
dacryolite, dacryolith (dak're-o-lit, dak're-o- 
lith) [Gr. SaKpvov tear + \l0os stone]. A calcu- 
lous concretion in the lacrimal apparatus; tear- 
stone or lacrimal calculus. Desmarre's d's, 
masses of Nocardia foersteri in the lacrimal canal. 
dacryolithiasis (dak"re-o-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. 8a.K.pvov 
tear + lithiasis], The formation of lacrimal calculi, 
or tear-stones. 
dacryoma (dak-re-o'mah) [Gr. 8a«pv tear + -upa. 
tumor]. i. Obstruction of an inner tear-duct, 
causing a lacrimal tumor; or the tumor so caused. 
2. Closure of a punctum lacrimale, with conse- 
quent overflow of tears. 
dacryon (dak're-on) [Gr. SaKpvov tear]. A cranial 
point at the juncture of the lacrimal, frontal, and 
upper maxillary bones; the lacrimal point. 
dacryops (dak're-ops) [Gr. 8aKpv tear + eye], 
i. A watery state of the eye. 2. Distention of a 
tear-duct by a contained fluid. 
dacryopyorrhea (dak"re-o-pi-or-e'ah) [Gr. 3aK- 
pvov tear + irvov pus + polo. flow]. Discharge of 
pus mixed with tears. 
dacryopyosis (dak"re-o-pi-o'sis) [Gr. 8a.Kpvov tear 
+ ttuwo-is suppuration]. Suppuration in the lac- 
rimal apparatus. 
dacryorrhea (dak"re-or-e'ah) [Gr. baxpoov tear + 
poia flow]. Morbid or too profuse flow of tears. 
dacryosolenitis (dak"re-o-so-len-i'tis) [Gr. 3ax- 
pvov tear + acoXqo duct + -ins inflammation]. In- 
flammation of a lacrimal or nasal duct. 
dacryostenosis (dak"re-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. SaKpvov 
tear + arevwais narrowing]. Stricture or narrow- 
ing of a lacrimal duct. 
dacryosyrinx (dak"re-o-si'rinks) [Gr. SaKpvov tear 
+ avpiy^ pipe]. 1. Lacrimal fistula. 2. A syringe 
for lacrimal ducts. 
dacryuria (dak-re-u're-ah) [Gr. SaKpvov tear -f- 
ovpov urine]. Involuntary discharge of urine accom- 
panied by weeping; seen in hysteria, etc. 
dactyl (dak'til) [Gr. SoktuXos]. 1. A digit; a finger 
or toe. 2. The fruit of the date. 
dactylate (dak'til-at) [Gr. 8o.ktvXos finger]. Pos- 
sessing finger-like processes. dactylion, dactylium (dak-til'e-on, dak-til'e-um) 
[Gr. SaxruXos finger]. Webbing together or union 
of fingers. 
dactylitis (dak-til-i'tis) [Gr. baKTvXos finger -I- -tris 
inflammation]. Inflammation of a finger or toe. 
d. syphilit'ica, syphilitic inflammation of a 
finger or toe. d. tuberculo'sa, tuberculous 
inflammation of a finger or toe. 
Dactylius aculea'tus (dak-til'e-us). An animal 
parasite which has been detected in human urine. 
dactylocampsodynia (dak"til-o-kamp"so-din'e- 
ah) [Gr. ba.K.rv\os finger + bend + bbvvp 
pain]. Painful flexure of the fingers. 
dactylogram (dak-til'o-gram) [Gr. baKTvXos finger 
, + ypappa mark]. A finger-print taken for pur- 
poses of identification. 
dactylography (dak-til-og'raf-e) [Gr. baKrvXos fin- 
ger f-ypa.<peiv to write]. The study of finger-prints. 
dactylogryposis (dak"til-o-grip-o'sis) [Gr. 6dx- 
rvXos finger + vpuTrwais curve]. A permanent 
bending of the fingers. 
dactylology (dak-til-ol'o-je) [Gr. oaxruXos finger 
+ \byos discourse]. Conversation or talking by 
means of signs made with fingers. 
dactylolysis (dak-til-ol'is-is) [Gr. SdxruXos finger 
4- X6ais a loosening]. Spontaneous loss of fingers 
and toes, as in ainhum or in leprosy. 
dactylomegaly (dak"til-o-meg'al-e) [Gr. SdxrvXos 
finger + peyas large]. Abnormally large size of 
the fingers or toes. 
Dactylomyia (dak"til-o-mi'e-ah). A genus of 
anopheline mosquitos, some species of which act 
as carriers of the malarial parasite. 
dactyloscopy (dak-til-os'ko-pe) [Gr. baKrvXos finger 
+ ffKo-rceiv to examine]. Examination of finger- 
prints for purposes of identification. 
dactylospasm (dak'til-o-spazm) [Gr. SdxruXos 
finger + airaapbs spasm]. Spasm or cramp of a 
finger or toe. 
dactylosymphysis (dak"til-o-sim'fis-is) [dactyl + 
symphysis]. A growing together of fingers or toes; 
syndactylism. 
dactylus (dak'til-us) [Gr. SaKrvXos finger], A 
finger or toe; especially a toe as contrasted with a 
finger or digitus. 
deemonomania (de"mo-no-ma'ne-ah). See de- 
monomania. 
Daffy's elixir (daf'ez) [Thomas Daffy, an English 
clergyman of the seventeenth century]. Com- 
pound tincture of senna. 
dagga (dag'ah). The leaves of African plants of the 
genus Leono'tis: used by the natives for colds, 
snake-bites, and as a purgative and emmenagogue. 
D. A. H. Abbreviation for disordered action of the 
heart. See neurocirculatory asthenia, under asthenia. 
dahlia (dahl'yah). A violet coal-tar dye consisting 
of ethyl and methyl derivatives of rosanilin. 
Called also Hofmann's violet. 
dahlin (dah'lin). A reddish-purple anilin dye, 
formed by treating mauvein with ethyl iodid. It 
has been used as an antiseptic in streptococcic 
throat infections. 
Dakin's fluid or solution (da'kinz) [Henry Drys- 
dale Dakin, New York chemist, born 1888]. See 
under fluid. See also chlorazene. 
dakryon (dak're-on). See dacryon. 
Dalmatian powder (dal-ma'shan). See pyrethrum. 
Dalrymple's disease, sign (dal'rim-pelz) [John 
Dalrymple, an English oculist, 1804-1852]. See 
disease and sign. 
Dalton's law (dawl'tonz) [John Dalton, English 
chemist, 1766-1844]. See law. 
daltonism (dawl'ton-izm) [after John Dalton]. 
Same as color-blindness. 
dam (dam). Sheet india-rubber used in dentistry 
DACTYLION 
310 
and surgery to keep fluids in their place. Called 
also rubber-dam and coffer-dam. 
damalic acid (dam-al'ik). See acid. 
damaluric acid (dam-al-u'rik). See acid. 
damascenin (dam-as-e'nin). An alkaloid, C1OH1S- 
NO3, in yellow prisms, derived from the plant, 
Nigella damascena. 
damiana (dah-me-ah'nah). The leaves of Tu/nera 
aphrodis'iaca and Haplopap' pus discoid'eus, Mex- 
ican plants: said to be tonic, analeptic, diuretic, 
and aphrodisiac. 
dammar (dam'ar). A transparent resin of Dam'- 
mara orienta'lis, D. al'ba, Ilo'pea micran' tha, H. 
splen'dida, and other trees: used in plasters, in 
varnishing, and in microscopy, d. varnish, a 
solution of dammar resin in chloroform or ben- 
zene, used for mounting microscopic specimens. 
Dammer schlafl (dem'er-slahf). German for twi- 
light sleep. See under sleep. 
Damocrates' confection (dam-ok'rat-ez) [a 
Greek physician who lived at Rome about 50 A. D.]. 
See confection. 
Damoiseau's curve or sign (dam-wah-zoz') 
[Louis Hyacinthe Celeste Damoiseau, a French 
physician, 1815-1890]. Same as Ellis' line, see 
under line. 
damp (damp). A noxious gas in a mine, after- 
d., black-d., choke-d., carbon dioxid. cold- 
d., foggy vapor charged with carbon dioxid. fire- 
d., light explosive hydrocarbon gases, chiefly 
methane, CII4, found in coal-mines. 
Dana's operation (da'nahz) [Charles Loomis 
Dana, neurologist in New York, born 1852]. See 
operation. 
dance, St. Vitus' (dans). See chorea. 
Dance's sign (dan'sez) [Jean Baptiste Hippolyte 
Dance, a French physician, 1797-1832]. See sign. 
dancing disease (dan'sing). See tarantism. d. 
mania, epidemic chorea, d. spasm, saltatory 
spasm. See palmus. 
dandelion (dan'de-li-on). See Taraxacum. 
dandruff (dan'druf). Scales formed upon the 
scalp, a's in pityriasis capitis. 
dandy (dan'de). A litter for the wounded, used to 
some extent in armies, d.-fever. See dengue. 
daniell (dan'yel) [John Frederick Daniell, English 
physicist, 1790-1845]. A unit of electricity equal 
to 1.124 volts. 
Danielssen's disease'(dan'yel-senz) [Daniel Cor- 
nelius Danielssen, Norwegian physician, 1815-- 
1894]. See disease. 
Danube fever (dan'yub). See fever. 
Danysz's bacillus, phenomenon (dan'ez). See 
bacillus, phenomenon. 
Daphne (daf'ne) [Gr. batpvn bay-tree]. A genus of 
trees and shrubs, D. gnid'ium and D. meze'reum, 
the principal medicinal species, are stimulant, 
vesicatory, and purgative. See mezereon. 
daphnetin (daf-ne'tin). A crystalline substance, 
C9H6O4, from daphnin. 
Daphnia (daf'ne-ah). A genus of fresh water 
crustaceans, called water fleas. The best known 
species, D. pu'lex, is used in biologic research. 
daphnin (daf'nin). A volatile, acrid glucosid, 
Clt.H16O9 + 2H3O, from Daph'ne meze'reum. It 
has vesicating properties. 
daphnism (daf'nizm). Poisoning by species of 
Daphne. 
Darier's disease (dar'e-az) [Ferdinand Jean Dar- 
ier, French physician, born 1856]. See psoro- 
spermosis. 
Darkshevitch'snucleus (dark-sha'vitsh-ez) [Live- 
rius Darkshevitch, Russian neurologist, born 1858]. 
See nucleus. 
darmol (dar'mol). A proprietary purgative, sodium 
phenolphthaleinate. 
DARMOL d'arsonvalization (dar"son-val-iz-a'shun). See 
arsonvalization. 
dartoic, dartoid (dar-to'ik, dar'toid). Of the 
nature of a dartos; having a slow, involuntary 
contractility like that of the dartos. d. tissue, 
tissue like that of the dartos. 
dartos (dar'tos) [Gr. Sapros skinny]. The reddish, 
cellular, contractile tissue beneath the skin of the 
scrotum, woman's d., a layer of unstriped mus- 
cular fibers immediately under the skin of the 
labia majora. 
dartre (darTer) [Fr.]. Herpes, or any skin dis- 
ease resembling it. 
dartrous (darTrus). Of, pertaining to, or resem- 
bling, the dartos. 
darwinian tubercle (dar-win'e-an). See tubercle. 
darwinism (dar'win-izm) [Charles Robert Darwin, 
English naturalist, 1809-1882]. The theory of 
evolution according to which higher organisms have 
been developed from lower ones through the in- 
fluence of natural selection. 
dasetherapy (das-e-ther'ap-e) [Gr. baaos forest 
+ Oepaneia treatment]. Treatment by living in 
a region surrounded by pine or spruce trees. 
dasymeter (das-im'et-er). An instrument for meas- 
uring the density of a gas. 
date (dat). Fruit of the date-palm, Phoe'nix dac- 
tylif'era. 
datum-plane (da-turn-plan). An assumed hori- 
zontal plane from which craniometric measure- 
ments are taken. 
Datura (da-tu'rah). A genus of solanaceous plants. 
See stramonium. 
daturin (da-tu'rin). An alkaloid of Datu'ra stra- 
mo'nium, acting like atropin, but stronger: said 
to be a mixture of hyoscyamin and atropin. 
daturism (da-tu'rizm). Poisoning by stramonium. 
Daubenton's angle, line, plane (do-bon-tonz') 
[Louis Jean Marie Daubenton, French physician 
and naturalist, 1716-1800]. See angle, line, 
plane. 
Daucus (daw'kus) [L.; Gr. baiiKos carrot]. A genus 
of umbelliferous plants. D. caro'ta is the carrot. 
See carrot. 
daughter cell, d. cyst, etc. See cell, cyst, etc. 
Davainea (da-va'ne-ah) [Casimir Joseph Davaine, 
French physician, 1812-1882]. A genus of tape- 
worms. D. asiat'ica has been found once in man 
in Asiatic Russia. D. formosa'na, a species 
found in Formosa and Tokio. D. madagas- 
carien'sis occurs in man in Madagascar and 
neighboring islands. 
David's disease (dah-vidz') [Jean Pierre David, 
French surgeon, 1738-1884]. See disease. 
Davidsohn's sign (da'vid-sonz) [Hermann David- 
sohn, Prussian physician, born 1842]. See under 
sign. 
Daviel's operation, spoon (dav-e-elz') [Jacques 
Daviel, French oculist, 1696-1762]. See operation 
and spoon. 
Davy's lever (da'vez) [Richard Davy, English sur- 
geon, born 1838]. See lever. 
Davy's test (da'vez) [Edmund William Davy, Irish 
■physician, 1826-1899]. See test. 
day, green. A day, during the diet for diabetes, on 
which the patient is permitted to take green vege- 
tables, butter, eggs, and bacon, hunger d., a 
day, during the diet for diabetes, on which the 
patient is permitted to take nothing but broth. 
Day's test (daz) [Richard Hance Day, American 
physician, 1813-1892]. See test. 
day-blindness. A condition in which the patient 
sees better in a dim light or by night than in day- 
light. 
day-nursery. See creche. 
day-sight. Same as night-blindness. 
D'ARSONVALIZATION 
311 
daymare (da'mar) [L. in'cubus vigilan'tium]. Incu- 
bus occurring when awake, or by day, and resem- 
bling nightmare. 
D. C. Abbreviation for Doctor of Chiropractic. 
D. Cc. Abbreviation for double concave. 
D. Cx. Abbreviation for double convex. 
D. D. Abbreviation for L. de'tur ad, "let it be 
given to." 
D. D. S. An abbreviation for Doctor of Dental Sur- 
gery. 
de-. A Latin particle often signifying down or 
from: it is sometimes negative or privative, and 
frequently intensive. 
deacidification (de"as-id"if-ik-a'shun). The act 
or art of correcting or destroying acidity or of 
neutralizing an acid. 
deactivation (de-ak-tiv-a'shun). The process of 
making or becoming inactive; loss of radio-activity. 
dead (ded). Destitute of life. d. limb, the sub- 
jective sensation of numbness in a limb. 
deadly nightshade (ded'le). See belladonna. 
deaf (def). Lacking the sense of hearing or not 
having the full power of hearing, d.-fields, d.- 
points, d.-spots, places near the ear at which 
the vibration of the tuning-fork is not heard, d.- 
mute, a person affected with deaf-mutism; a deaf 
and dumb person. d.-mutism, condition of 
being both deaf and 'dumb. 
deafness (def'nes). Lack or loss, complete or 
partial, of the sense of hearing, apoplecti- 
form d., Meniere's disease. bass-d., deaf- 
ness to certain low tones, boilermakers' d., 
that which is caused b£ working in places where 
the sound is very deafening, cerebral d., that 
which is due to brain lesion, ceruminous d., 
that which is due to plugs of ear-wax. cortical 
d., deafness due to a lesion of cortical brain 
substance, hysteric d., that which may appear 
or disappear in a hysteric patient without dis- 
coverable cause, labyrinthine d., that which 
is due to disease of the labyrinth, malarial d., 
that which occurs as a result of malarial poison- 
ing. mental d., mind-d., a condition in which 
auditory sensations persist, but, owing to some lesion 
of the auditory center of the brain, they convey no 
meaning to the mind. Called also psychic d., sen- 
sory d., and mental d. midbrain d., deafness 
dependent on injury of the fillet tract of the 
tegmentum, music-d., inability to recognize 
musical notes; amusia. nervous d., that 
which is due to a lesion of the auditory nerve, 
paradoxic d., that when the hearing is best dur- 
ing the continuance of a loud noise; paracusis 
willisiana. pocket-handkerchief d., deafness 
due to excessive pressure on the eustachian tubes 
from blowing the nose, psychic d., sensory 
d., soul-d. Same as mental d. throat-d., that 
due to enlarged tonsils or to closure of the eustach- 
ian tube, tone-d., amusia, toxic d., deafness 
caused by the effect of poisons on the auditory 
nerve, vascular d., that due to disease of blood- 
vessels of the ear. word-d., disease of the audi- 
tory center in which sounds are heard, but convey 
no meaning to the mind. 
dealbation (de-al-ba'shun). Bleaching. 
dealcoholization (de-al-ko-hol-iz-a'shun). The 
removal of alcohol from an object, as in micro- 
scopic work. 
dealin (de'al-in). A proprietary dressing powder 
containing sodium perborate, boric acid, magnesium 
carbonate, zinc oxid, starch, and talcum. 
deamidase (de-am'id-as). A ferment which splits 
adenin and guanin. 
deamidization (de-am-id-iz-a'shun).' Liberation 
of the ammonia from an amid. 
deamination (de-am-in-a'shun). Removal of the 
group NH3 from an amino-body. 
deaminization (de-am-in-Iz-a'shun). Deamina- 
tion. 
DEAMINIZATION deanesthesiant (de-an-es-the'ze-ant). Anything 
that will arouse a patient from anesthesia. 
deaquation (de-ak-wa'shun) [L. de from 4- a'qua 
water]. Removal of water from anything; de- 
hydration. 
Dearg. pil. Abbreviation for L. dear gen'tur pil'ulce, 
let the pills be silvered. 
dearterialization (de-ar-te"re-al-iz-a'shun). The 
conversion of arterial into venous blood. 
dearticulation (de-ar-tik-u-la'shun). Same as 
abarticulation. 
death (deth). Cessation or extinction of life, 
apparent d., a condition in which the breathing, 
heart's action, bodily warmth, and other mani- 
festations of life are very feebly maintained, 
black d., old name for an epidemic plague which 
occurred in Europe in the fourteenth century, 
limes d. See £4- dose, under dose, local 
d., death of a part of the body, d.-mask, a 
plaster cast of the face of a dead person, mo- 
lecular d., caries, catastasis, or the last stage of 
a catabolic process, d.-point, thermal, the de- 
gree of heat required to kill young fluid cultures of 
an organism exposed for ten minutes (in thin-walled 
test-tubes of a diameter not exceeding 20 mm.) in 
the thermal water-bath, d.-rate, the propor- 
tional number of persons who die in a year in a 
given population, d.-rattle, the sound sometimes 
emitted by the dying, and caused by expulsion 
of the breath through channels partly filled with 
mucus, serum d., death due to anaphylaxis 
following the injection of serum, somatic d., 
death of the whole body. d.-struggle, the semi- 
convulsive and, in part* at least, automatic move- 
ments which sometimes occur just before death, 
d.-trance, trance which simulates death. 
Deaur. pil. Abbreviation for L. deauren'tur pil'ulce, 
let the pills be gilded. 
Deaver's incision (de'verz) [John B. Deaver, con- 
temporary Philadelphia surgeon]. See under in- 
cision. 
Deb. spis. Abbreviation for L. deb'ita s pis situ'dine, 
of the proper consistence. 
deba (de'bah). Diethylbarbituric acid. 
debilitant (de-bil'it-ant) [L. deb'ilis weak]. 1. 
Causing debility. 2. A remedy for too great ex- 
citement. 
debility (de-bil'i-te). Lack or loss of strength. 
debouchment (da-boosh-maw') [Fr.]. Opening 
into another part. 
Debout's pills (deb-oz') [Emile Debout, French 
physician, 1811-1865]. See under pill. 
Dfibove's membrane (da-bovz') [Maurice Georges 
Debove, French histologist, 1845-1920]. See mem- 
brane. 
debridement (da-bred-maw') [Fr.]. Wound ex- 
cision; a procedure used in treating wounds con- 
sisting in the removal of all foreign matter and ex- 
cision of all the tissues immediately surrounding 
the wound, including devitalized soft parts in the 
vicinity. Cf. epluchage. 
debris (da-bre') [Fr.]. Accumulated fragments; 
rubbish. In dentistry, soft foreign matter loosely 
attached to the surface of a tooth, word d., 
sounds made by an aphasic patient in attempting 
to talk. 
Dec. Abbreviation for L. decan'ta, pour off. 
decagram (dek'ag-ram) [Gr. deKa ten 4- gram]. 
Ten grams, or 154.32 grains troy. 
decalcification (de"kal-sif-ik-a'shun). 1. The pro- 
cess of removing calcareous matter. 2. Artificial 
or morbid softening of the teeth. 
decalcify (de-kal'sif-i) [L. de priv. + calx lime]. 
To deprive of lime salts. 
decaliter (dek'al-e-ter) [Gr. deKa ten 4- liter]. 
Ten liters, or 610.28 cubic inches. 
decalvant (de-kal'vant). Removing or destroying 
hair. 
DEANESTHESIANT 
312 
decameter (dek'am-e-ter) [Gr. deKa ten + meter]. 
Ten meters. 
decane (dek'an) [Gr. ten]. A hydrocarbon, 
CioH22, from paraffin. 
decantation (de-kan-ta'shun) [L. de from + can'- 
thus tire of a wheel]. The pouring of a clear 
supernatant liquid from a sediment. 
decapeptid (dek-ah-pep'tid). A peptid a molecule of 
which contains ten amino-acid groups. 
decapitation (de-kap-it-a'shun) [L. de from + 
cap'ut head]. The removal of the head of a 
fetus or of a bone. 
decapitator (de-kap'it-a-tor). An instrument for 
removing the head of a fetus in embryotomy. 
Decapoda (dek-ap'o-dah) [Gr. deKa ten 4- irovs foot]. 
An order of Crustacea, including the crabs, lobsters, 
shrimps, etc. They have five pairs of legs upon the 
thorax. 
decapsulation (de-kap-su-la'shun). Removal of 
the capsule; especially removal of the renal cap- 
sule. renal d., that occurring in cases of chronic 
Bright's disease. 
decarbonization (de"kar-bon-iz-a'shun). The 
removal of carbon from the blood in the lungs 
by the substitution of oxygen for carbon dioxid. 
decarboxilation, decarboxylization (de-kar- 
bok-sil-a'shun, de-kar-box-il-iz-a'shun). Conver- 
sion of an amino-acid into a corresponding amin by 
removal of a molecule of carbon dioxid. 
decay (de-ka') [L. de down 4- ca'dere to fall]. 1. 
The gradual decomposition of dead organic 
matter. 2. The process or stage of decline; old 
age and its effects on mind and body, anile d., 
old age in women. 
decentered (de-sen'terd). Said of a lens in which 
the visual axis does not pass through the axis of the 
lens. 
decentration (de-sen-tra'shun) [L. de from 4- cen'- 
trum center]. The act or process of removing 
from a center. 
decerebrate (de-ser'e-brat). Having the brain 
removed. 
decerebration (de"ser-e-bra'shun) [L. de from 4- 
cerebrum cerebrum]. The removal of the brain 
in performing craniotomy. 
decerebrize (de-ser'e-briz). To remove the brain 
in vivisection. 
dechloridation (de-klo-rid-a'shun). The removal 
of salt from the diet. 
dechlorination (de-klo-rin-a'shun). Dechlorida- 
tion. 
dechloruration (de-klo-ru-ra'shun). The pro- 
duction of decreased excretion of chlorates in the 
urine, brought about by diet. 
decidua (de-sid'u-ah) [L. from decid'uus falling 
off]. The membranous structure produced in 
the uterus during gestation and thrown off after 
parturition, d. basa'lis, the decidua serotina. 
d. capsula'ris, the decidua reflexa. d. gravid- 
ita'tis, the menstrual decidua during the stage of 
pregnancy, d. membra'na. Same as d. reflexa. 
d. menstrua'lis, the hyperemic and swollen 
mucous membrane of the uterus during the men- 
strual period, ovular d. See d. reflexa. pla- 
cental d. See d. serotina. d. reflex'a, the 
part of decidua which is reflected upon and sur- 
rounds the ovum. d. serotina, the late decidua; 
the part of the decidua vera which becomes the 
maternal portion of the placenta, uterine d. 
See d. vera. d. ve'ra, the true decidua; the 
portion of the decidua which lines the uterus. 
decidual (de-sid'u-al). Pertaining to the decidua, 
d. cells. See cell. 
decidualitis (de-sid"u-al-i'tis). A bacterial dis- 
ease leading to alterations in the decidua. 
deciduitis (de-sid-u-i'tis). Decidual endometri- 
tis. See endometritis. 
deciduoma (de-sid-u-o'mah) [decidua 4- Gr. -wna 
tumor]. An intra-uterine neoplasm containing 
DECIDUOMA decidual cells; probably derived from portions 
of retained decidua after abortion. The tumor 
may be malignant, and is then called d. malig'- 
num and also chorioepithelioma, on the theory 
that it is derived from the epithelial structures, 
d. malig'num. See syncytioma malignum. 
deciduosarcoma (de-sid"u-o-sar-ko'mah). Same 
as deciduoma malignum. 
deciduous (de-sid'u-us) [L. decidu'us, from de- 
cid'ere to fall off]. Not permanent; temporary; 
the term is used to designate the teeth of the first 
dentition. 
decigram (des'ig-ram). The tenth part of a gram; 
1.544 grains. 
decilan (des'il-an). A solution of formaldehyd 
potassium oleate: antiseptic and disinfectant. 
deciliter (des'il-e-ter). One-tenth of a liter, equal 
to 6.1028 cubic inches. 
decimeter (des'im-e-ter). One-tenth of a meter; 
3.937 linear inches. 
decinem (des'in-em). Pirquet's term for one-tenth 
of a nem or the nutritive value of 1 decigram of 
milk. It is abbreviated dn. 
decinormal (des-in-o/mal) [L. de'cimus tenth 4- 
nor'ma rule]. Having one-tenth of the normal 
or standard strength. 
decipara (des-ip-aFah) [L. de'cem ten 4- pa'rere 
to produce]. A woman who has borne ten chil- 
dren. 
decitellization (de-si-tel-iz-a'shun) [L. de away 4- 
citel'lus ground squirrel]. The destruction of 
ground squirrels, which are carriers of plague. 
declination (dek-lin-a'shun) [L. declina're to de- 
cline]. 1. The angle made with the horizon by 
any freely suspended magnetic needle. 2. Ro- 
tation of the eye about its anteroposterior diam- 
eter so that its vertical meridian lies to the tem- 
poral {positive d.) or to the nasal side {negative d.) 
of its proper position. 
declinator (dek'lin-a-tor). An instrument by 
which parts (as the meninges of the brain) are 
held aside during an operation. 
decline (de-klln'). 1. The period or stage of the 
abatement of a disease or paroxysm. 2. Any 
wasting disease, especially pulmonary tubercu- 
losis. 
declive (de-kliv') [Fr. declive; L. decli'vis]. 1. [B N 
A] The declivis cerebelli. 2. Having a downward 
slope. 
declivis cerebelli (dek-li'vis ser-e-bel'i). The 
inclined dorsal surface of the superior vermis of 
the cerebellum. 
Decoct. Abbreviation for L. decoc'tum, a decoction, 
decoction (de-kok'shun) [L. decoc'tum, from de 
down 4- co'quere to boil]. 1. The act or process 
of boiling. 2. A medicine or other substance 
prepared by boiling, d. of the woods, com- 
pound decoction of sarsaparilla. Zimmermann's 
d., a cathartic decoction of 30 gr. of rhubarb, 240 
gr. of potassium bjtartrate, 240 gr. of barley, 16 
fl.oz. of water, and enough syrup to sweeten it. 
Zittmann's d., the compound decoction of sar- 
saparilla: a decoction of sarsaparilla, calomel, 
cinnabar, alum, senna, licorice, anise-seed, and 
fennel. It is used in syphilis. 
decoctum (de-kok'tum) [L. "boiled"]. A decoc- 
tion. There are many decocta described in dis- 
pensatories. 
decollation (de-kol-a'shun) [L. de away 4- col'lum 
neck]. Decapitation, or beheadal; removal of 
the head, chiefly of the fetus in difficult labor. 
decoloration (de-kul-or-a'shun). 1. Removal of 
color; bleaching. 2. Lack or loss of color. 
decolorize (de-kul'or-iz). To free from color; to 
bleach. 
decompensation (de-kom-pen-sa'shun). Failing 
compensation of the heart in valvular disease. 
DECI DUOSARCOM A 
313 
decomplementize (de-kom'ple-men-tiz). To re- 
move complement from. 
decomposition (de"kom-po-zish'un) [L. de neg 
4- compo'nere to put together], i. The separa- 
tion of compound bodies into their constituent 
principles. 2. Decay; putrefaction. 
decompression (de-kom-presh'un). The removal 
of pressure or compression force, cerebral d., 
removal of a flap of the skull and incision of the 
dura mater for the purpose of relieving intracranial 
pressure, d.-injury. See caisson-disease, under 
disease. 
decongestive (de-kon-jes'tiv). Reducing conges- 
tion. 
decortication (de"kor-tik-a'shun) [L. de from 4- 
cortex bark]. 1. The removal of bark, hull, husk,, 
or shell from a plant, seed, or root, as in phar- 
macy. 2. Removal of portions of the cortical 
substance of the brain, d. of lung, removal of 
the pleura for the relief of empyema, renal d., 
removal of the capsule of the kidney. 
decrement (dek're-ment) [L. decremen'turn de- 
crease]. The stage of decline of a disease. 
decrepitate (de-krep'it-at). To explode with a 
crackling noise. 
decrepitation (de-krep-it-a'shun) [L. decrepita're 
to crackle]. The crackling noise made by throw- 
ing certain bodies, as salt, on the fire. 
decrudescence (de-kru-des'ens). Diminution of 
the intensity of symptoms. 
Decub. Abbreviation for L. decu'bitus, lying down, 
decubital (de-ku'bit-al). Pertaining to decubitus,, 
or to a bed-sore. * 
decubitus (de-ku'bit-us) [L. a " lying down "]. 1. 
An act of lying down. 2. A bed-sore. d. acu'- 
tus, a severe and fatal form of bed-sore on a 
paralyzed side in hemiplegia. Andral's d., 
decubitus on the sound side; a position assumed 
in the early stages of pleurisy, d. chron'icus,. 
ordinary bed-sore due to recumbent position, 
dorsal d., recumbency in the supine position. 
decurrent (de-kur'ent) [L. decur'rere to run down]. 
Extending or moving from above downward. 
decur'sus flbra'rum cerebra'lium [B N A]. 
The running down of the cerebral fibers; indicating 
the course of fiber tracts of the brain. 
decurtate (de-kur'tat) [L. decurta'tus cut short]. 
Abridged, or cut short. 
decussate (de-kus'at) [L. decussa're to cross in the 
form of an X]. 1. To cross or intersect in the 
form of the letter X. 2. Crossing in the form of 
the letter X. 
decussatio (de-kus-a'she-o) [L.]. Decussation, d. 
bra'chii conjuncti'vi [B N A], a crossing of the 
fibers of the tegmenta starting from the brachia 
conjunctiva, d. lemnis'ci, d. lemniscoTum 
[B N A], the superior pyramidal decussation, d. 
nervorum trochlear'icum [BNA], the cross- 
ing of the fibers of the trochlear nerves on the 
upper surface of the superior medullary velum, 
d. pyram'idum [BNA]. See decussation of the 
pyramids, d. tegmento'rum [B N A], the cross- 
ing of the fiber tracts of the tegmenta. 
decussation (de-kus-a'shun) [L. decussa' tio], 1. 
The running of two fellow-parts or structures 
athwart each other; a chiasm. ,2. The point of 
crossing of decussate parts, fillet d., a crossing 
of nerve-fibers over the median line in the medulla 
oblongata, forming the fillet. Forel's d., the 
ventral part of the fountain decussation, foun- 
tain d., a decussation such as that of the nerve- 
fibers in the cortex of the anterior corpora quadri- 
gemina. motor d., the decussation of the pyr- 
amids. optic d., the optic chiasm, pini- 
form d., the superior pyramidal decussation, 
d. of the pyramids, the crossing of the fibers 
of the pyramids of the oblongata from one pyr- 
amid to another, sensory d., the superior 
pyramidal decussation. superior pyramidal 
DECUSSATION DECUSSORIUM 
314 
DEGENERATION 
d., the chiasm in front of the central canal of the 
oblongata, of fibers from the nucleus cuneatus 
and nucleus gracilis. 
decussorium (de-kus-o're-um). An instrument for 
depressing the dura mater in trephining. 
dedasol (ded'as-ol). A proprietary preparation of 
digitalis in tablet form. 
dedentition (de-den-tish'un) [L. de away + dens 
tooth]. The shedding or loss of teeth. 
De d. in d. Abbreviation for L. de di'e in di'em, 
from day to day. 
dedolation (ded-o-la'shun). 1. A sensation as if 
the limbs had been bruised. 2. The shaving off 
of a piece of skin by an oblique cut. 
deemanate (de-em'an-at). To deprive of the prop- 
erty of giving off radioactive emanations. 
Deen's test (denz) [Izaak Abrahamszoon van Deen, 
Dutch physiologist, 1804-1869]. See under tests. 
deep (dep). Not near the surface; not superficial. 
deer-fly disease. See alkali disease, under dis- 
ease. 
Deetjen's bodies (dat'yenz) [Hermann Deetjen, 
German physician, born 1867]. Blood-platelets. 
defatigation (de-fat-ig-a'shun). Overstrain or 
fatigue of muscular or nervous tissue. 
defecalgesiophobia (def"e-kal-je"se-o-fo'be-ah) 
{defecation + Gr. aXyos pain + <pb0os fear]. Fear 
of defecation because of pain caused by the act. 
defecation (def ik-a' shun) [L. def ceca're to deprive 
of dregs]. The discharge of fecal matters from 
the bowel, fragmentary d., a condition in 
which every few hours a small stool is passed, with 
tenesmus and a feeling of incomplete defecation. 
defective (de-fek'tiv). 1. Imperfect. 2. A person 
lacking in some physical, mental, or moral quality. 
defemination (de-fem-in-a'shun) [L. de from + 
fem'ina woman]. Perversion of the instincts of a 
woman, so that her sexual impulses resemble 
those of a man. 
defensive protein (de-fen'siv). See protein. 
deferens (def'er-enz). The vas deferens. 
deferent (def'er-ent) [L. de'ferens carrying away]. 
Conveying anything away, as from a center. 
deferentectomy (def"er-en-tek'to-me). Surgical 
removal of a vas deferens; vasectomy. 
deferential (def-er-en'shal). Pertaining to the vas 
deferens. 
deferentitis (def"er-en-ti'tis). Inflammation of 
the vas deferens. 
defervescence (def-er-ves'ens) [L. deferves'cere to 
cease boiling]. The period of disappearance of 
fever. 
defervescent (def-er-ves'ent). Causing reduction 
of fever: also a remedy so acting. 
defibrination (de"fib-rin-a'shun). Deprival of 
fibrin. 
deficiency disease (de-fish'en-se). See under 
disease. 
deficit, pulse (def'is-it). The difference between 
the heart rate and the pulse rate. 
definition (def-in-ish'un). The clear determination 
of the limits of anything, as a disease process or 
a microscopic image. 
deflagration (def-lag-ra'shun) [L. deflagra're to be 
consumed by fire], A rapid, violent combustion 
with flame and explosion. 
deflection of the complement (de-flek'shun). 
See deviation of the complement. 
defloration (def-lo-ra'shun) [L. deflora'tio]. Loss 
of virginity without actual rape or violence. 
deflorescence (def-lor-es'ens). The disappearance 
of the eruption in any exanthematous disease. 
defluvium (de-flu've-um). Sudden loss of the hair. 
Called also deflu'vium capillor'um. 
defluxio capillo'rum (de-fluks'e-o) [L. for "loss 
of hair "]. Sudden loss of the hair. d. cilio'rum, 
sudden loss of the eyelashes. 
defluxion (de-fluk'shun) [L. deflux'io a flowing 
down]. A copious discharge; a sudden loss. 
deformation, deformity (def-or-ma'shun, de- 
for'mit-e). Distortion of any part or general dis- 
figurement of the body, anterior d., lordo- 
sis. gun-stock d., deformation in which the fore- 
arm when extended makes an angle with the arm: 
due to fracture at the elbow. Madelung's d., 
distortion of the radius at its lower end, with ulnar 
displacement backward, seal-fin d., outward 
deflection of the fingers in rheumatoid arthritis, 
silver-fork d., the peculiar deformity seen in 
Colles' fracture. See illustration under fracture. 
Sprengel's d., congenital upward displacement 
of the scapula. Velpeau's d., silver-fork de- 
formity. Volkmann's d., congenital tibiotarsal 
dislocation. 
deforming (de-for'ming). Causing deformity, d. 
arthritis, d. osteitis. See arthritis, osteitis. 
defunctionalization (de-funk"shun-al-i-za'shun). 
Loss or deprival of a function. 
defurfuration (de-fur-fu-ra'shun) [L. de away + 
fur'fur bran]. The formation and shedding of 
fine, bran-like scales from the skin. 
Deg. Abbreviation for degeneration and degree. 
deganglionate (de-gan'gle-on-at). To deprive of 
a ganglion; to remove a ganglion or ganglia from. 
degassing (de-gas'ing). Treatment of men who 
have been subjected to the fumes of gas. 
degeneracy (de-jen er-as-e). A state characterized 
by deterioration of the powers of body and mind, 
inferior d., degeneracy marked by deformity 
or by weakened mentality, superior d., degener- 
acy with brilliant mental powers. 
degenerate (de-jen'er-at). i. To change from a 
higher to a lower type or form. 2. A person of 
a perverted mental or physical constitution. 
degeneratio (de-jen-er-a'she-o). Latin for degener- 
ation. d. mi'cans, the glistening hyaline matter 
formed by degenerating glia-cells. 
degeneration (de-jen-er-a'shun) [L. degenera'tio]. 
Deterioration; change from a higher to a lower 
form; especially change of tissue to a lower or 
less functionally active form. When there is 
chemic change of the tissue itself, it is true de- 
generation; when the change consists in the de- 
posit of abnormal matter in the tissues, it is infil- 
tration. Abercrombie's d., amyloid degenera- 
tion. adipose d. See fatty d. adiposogeni- 
tal d., dystrophia adiposogenitalis. albumin- 
oid d., albuminous d. See cloudy swell- 
ing under swelling, amyloid d., degenera- 
tion with the deposit of lardacein in the tissues. 
It indicates impairment of nutritive function, 
and is seen in wasting diseases, anemic d., 
polychromatophilia. angiolithic d., one 
characterized by mineral deposits and hyaline 
changes in the coats of the vessels. Arman- 
ni-Ehrlich's d., hyaline degeneration of the epi- 
thelial cells of Henle's loops: seen in diabetes, as- 
cending d., wallerian degeneration affecting cen- 
tripetal nerve-fibers and progressing toward the 
brain or spinal cord. atheromatous d., the 
change in the arterial coats which occurs in arteri- 
tis deformans; atheroma, axonal d., the reaction 
of a nerve-cell to injury to its axone. It consists of 
central chromatolysis and eccentricity of the 
nucleus, bacony d. Same as amyloid d. basic 
d. See basophilia, basophilic d. See baso- 
philia. blastophthoric d., blastophthoria. cal- 
careous d., degeneration with infiltration of cal- 
careous materials into the tissues, caseous d., 
cheesy d. Same as caseation, cellulose d., 
amyloid degeneration, chitinous d. Same as 
amyloid d. cloudy swelling d. See cloudy swell- 
ing, under swelling, colloid d., the assumption 
by the tissues of a gum-like or gelatinous char- 
acter. comma d., progressive degenera- DEGENERATION 
315 
DELACRIMATION 
tion of the nervous matter of the comma-tract, 
cystic d., degeneration with the formation 
of cysts, descending d., wallerian degenera- 
tion extending peripherally along nerve-fibers, 
earthy d. Same as calcareous d. elastoid d., 
amyloid degeneration of the elastic tissue of 
arteries, fascicular d., degeneration of para- 
lyzed muscles due to lesion in the motor ganglion- 
cells of the central tube of gray matter of the cord, 
fatty d., deposit of fat-globules in a tissue, 
fibrinous d., necrosis with deposit of fibrin with- 
in the cells of the tissue, fibroid d., degeneration 
into fibrous tissue, fibrous d. Same as fibrosis. 
gelatiniform d. Same as colloid d. glassy 
d., a peculiar change occurring in the heart-muscle 
and other muscles in fevers, glistening d., de- 
generation of glia tissue characterized by the forma- 
tion of glistening masses. Called also de generatio 
micans and Rosenthal's d. granular d. Same as 
basophilia, gray d., degeneration of the white 
substances of the spinal cord, in which it loses 
myelin and assumes a gray color, hematohy- 
aloid d., a form of hyaline degeneration of throm- 
bi due to conglutination of the red cells or blood- 
platelets. hepatolenticular d. See Wilson's 
disease (2d def.), under disease. Holmes' d. 
See primary progressive cerebellar d. Horn's d., 
degeneration with nuclear proliferation in striated 
muscles, hyaline d., abnormal transformation of 
a tissue into a transparent, shining material, hy- 
aloid d., amyloid degeneration, hydropic d., a 
variety in which the degenerated cells absorb much 
water, keratoid d., change of the plasma of a 
cell into keratin, lardaceous d. Same as 
amyloid d. lenticular d. See progressive len- 
ticular d. Maragliano's endoglobular d., de- 
generation of red blood-cells, marked by the forma- 
tion of one or more vacuolated areas, which are 
probably areas of coagulative necrosis, mucinoid 
d., a term used to include both mucoid and colloid 
degeneration, mucoid d., myelinic d., a de- 
posit of myelinic and lecithin substances in the cells, 
mucous d., myxomatous d., degeneration 
which converts tissue-cells into a glutinous sub- 
stance containing mucin. Nissl d., degeneration 
of a nerve-cell after division of the nerve-fiber sup- 
plying it. parenchymatous d. Same as cloudy 
swelling d. pigmental d., that in which the cells 
of affected tissue become abnormally pigmented, 
polychromatophilic d., polychromatophilia, 
polypoid d., the development, on a mucous mem- 
brane, of polypoid growths, primary progres- 
sive cerebellar d., a familial disease marked by 
motor disorders and due to cerebellar degeneration, 
occurring in adults between the ages of thirty and 
forty and progressing slowly to a fatal termination 
(Holmes), progressive lenticular d., a rare 
disease characterized by bilateral degeneration of 
the corpus striatum and cirrhosis of the liver, and 
marked by tremor, spastic contractures, psychic 
disturbance, and increasing weakness and emacia- 
tion. Called also Wilson's disease. Quain's 
d., fibrous degeneration of the muscles of the 
heart, red d., degeneration of a uterine fibroid 
during pregnancy, marked by the formation 
•of soft red areas. Rosenthal's d. See glisten- 
ing d. sclerotic d., a variety of hyaline de- 
generation affecting connective tissue, especially 
the intima of arteries, secondary d. Same 
as wallerian d. senile d., the wide-spread 
degenerative changes, principally fibroid and 
atheromatous, that occur in old age. theroid 
d., acquirement of beast-like qualities by the in- 
sane. trabecular d., a change in the walls 
of the bronchi, which become thin and wasted in 
respect to the muscular and mucous elements, 
while the stroma is increased in volume, trau- 
matic d., degeneration of a divided nerve up 
to the nearest node of Ranvier. Turek's d., 
secondary parenchymatous degeneration of nerve- 
tracts of the cord, uratic c., degeneration 
marked by the deposit of urates or uric acid, 
vacuolar d., the formation of vacuoles in the 
cells of a tissue. Virchow's d., amyloid de- 
generation. vitreous d. Same as hyaline d. 
wallerian d., fatty degeneration of a nerve- 
fiber which has been severed from its nutritive 
centers, waxy d., amyloid degeneration. Zen- 
ker's d., necrosis and hyaline degeneration of 
striated muscle. 
degenerative (de-jen'er-a-tiv). Of or pertaining 
to degeneration. 
degenere superieur (da-zhon'er-a soo-pa-re-er') 
[Fr.]. A person of superior mind but morbid or 
degenerate tendencies. 
Deglut. Abbreviation for L. deglutia'tur, let it be 
swallowed. 
deglutible (de-glu'tib-1). Capable of being swal- 
lowed. 
deglutition (deg-lu-tish'un) [L. degluti'tio]. The 
act of swallowing. 
deglutitive, deglutitory (deg-lu'tit-iv, deg-lu'te- 
to-re). Pertaining to deglutition. 
degote (de-got') [Russ.]. Tarry oil of white birch: 
used in the arts, and to some extent in medicine. 
degrasin (de-gras'in). A proprietary antifat rem- 
edy made from various thyroid extracts. 
degrease (de-gres'). To remove grease or fat from, 
degree (de-gre'). The title or rank of doctor, 
master, licentiate, bachelor, surgeon, or apothe- 
cary conferred by an authorized college or uni- 
versity. 
degustation (de-gus-ta'shun) [L. degusta'tio], The 
act or function of tasting. 
dehematize (de-hpm'at-iz) [L. de from + Gr. alpa 
blood]. To deprive of blood. 
dehemoglobinize (de-hem-o-glo'bin-iz). To re- 
move hemoglobin from the red blood-corpuscles. 
Dehio's test (da'he-oz) [Karl Konstantinovitch 
Dehio, Russian physician, born 1851]. See test. 
dehiscence (de-his'ens) [L. dehis'cere to gape]. 
The act or process of splitting. Zuckerkandl's 
d's, small gaps occasionally seen in the papyra- 
ceous layer of the ethmoid bone. 
dehumanization (de-hu"man-i-za'shun) [L. de 
from + huma'nus human]. Loss of the qualities 
of humanity, as in some cases of insanity. 
dehydration (de-hi-dra'shun) [L. de away + Gr. 
v8wp water]. Removal of water from a substance 
or compound. 
dehydrocholic acid (de-hi-dro-kol'ik). See under 
acid. 
dehydrogenate (de-hi'dro-jen-at). Dehydrogen- 
ize. 
dehydrogenize (de-hi'dro-jen-iz). To remove 
hydrogen from. 
dehydromorphin (de-hi-dro-mor'fin). A com- 
pound, (C17H18O3N)2, occurring in opium and pre- 
pared by the oxidation of morphin. Called also 
pseudomorphin and oxymorphin. 
dehypnotize (de-hip'not-Iz). To awaken from the 
hypnotic state. 
deiteral (di'ter-al). Pertaining to Deiters' nucleus. 
Deiters' cells, nucleus, process, etc. (di'terz) 
[Otto Friedrich Carl Deiters, German anatomist, 
1834-1863]. See cell, nucleus, process, etc. 
dejecta (de-jek'tah) [L., pl.]. Excrementitious sub- 
stances. 
dejection (de-jek'shun) [L. dejec'tio]. 1. Dis- 
charge of excrementitious material; also material 
so discharged. 2. Prostration; mental depression. 
Dejerine's disease, syndrome (da-zher-enz') 
[Joseph Jules Dejerine, neurologist in Paris, 1849- 
1917]. See disease and syndrome. 
deka-. For words thus beginning, see deca-. 
dekanem (dels'an-em). Ten nems. . 
delacrimation (de-lak-rim-a'shun) [L. de from + 
lac'rima tear]. Excessive and abnormal flow of 
tears. DE LACTATION 
316 
DELUSION 
delactation (de-lak-ta'shun) [L. de from 4- lac- 
tation]. 1. Weaning. 2. The cessation of lac- 
tation. 
Delafield's hematoxylin (del'af-eldz) [Francis 
Delafield, pathologist in New York, 1841-1915]. 
See under stains, table of. 
delamination (de-lam-in-a'shun) [L. de apart + 
lam'ina plate]. Separation of the blastoderm 
into the epiblast and hypoblast. 
deleterious (del-e-te're-us) [Gr. btiXrjTqpios]. Hurt- 
ful; injurious. 
Delhi boil, sore (del'he). A form of furunculus 
orientalis. See furunculus orientalis. 
deligation (del-ig-a'shun) [L. de down + lig'are to 
bind]. The application of a ligature or bandage. 
delimitation (de-lim-it-a'shun) [L. de apart + 
limita're to limit]. 1. The process of limiting 
or of becoming limited. 2. Ascertainment of 
the limits and extent of a diseased tissue or proc- 
ess. 
delineascope (de-lin'e-ah-skop). A form of lan- 
tern for the projection of slides on to a screen. 
deliquescence (del-ik-wes'ens) [L. deliques' cere to 
grow moist]. The condition of becoming lique- 
fied as a^ result of the absorption of water from 
the air. 
deliquescent (del-ik-wes'ent). Having a tendency 
to melt or become liquid by the absorption of 
moisture from the air. 
deliquium (de-lik'we-um) [L.]. 1. A fainting or 
syncope. 2. Impairment of mental faculties, d. 
an'imi, a swoon or syncope. 
delire de toucher (da-lar du too-sha'). An insane 
and irresistible impulse to touch objects. 
deliria (de-lir'e-ah). Plural of delirium. 
deliriant (de-lir'e-ant). 1. Capable of producing 
delirium. 2. A drug which may produce de- 
lirium. 3. A delirious person. 
delirifacient (de-lir-if-a'she-ent) [L. delir'ium + 
fa'cere to make]. 1. Capable of causing de- 
lirium. 2. A drug which may produce delirium. 
delirious (de-lir'e-us). SuSering from delirium. 
delirium (de-lir'e-um) [L.]. A mental disturbance 
marked by illusions, hallucinations, short unsys- 
tematized delusions, cerebral excitement, physical 
restlessness and incoherence, and having a com- 
paratively short course. Delirium occurs in in- 
sanity or as a result of fever, disease, or injury, 
active d., delirium accompanied by maniacal 
movements, acute d., a suddenly appearing 
and severe delirium lasting only a short time and 
ending usually in death, afebrile d., delirium 
not attended by, nor occurring in the course of, 
fever, d. alcohol'icum, d. ebriosita'tis. 
Same as d. tremens, d. ambit io'sum, d. gran- 
dio'sum, delirium with delusions as to wealth, 
greatness, and power: often seen in general paresis, 
anxious d., a condition of excitement marked by 
an undefined feeling of anxiety. Bell's d. Same 
as acute d. d. cor'dis, violent tremulous beating 
of the heart, febrile d., the delirium of fever, 
d. of grandeur, delirium in which the patient has 
insanely exaggerated ideas of his power, impor- 
tance, or wealth. graved. Same as acute d. in- 
tellectual d., mental disturbance which does not 
manifest itself in insane acts, illusions, or hallucina- 
tions. lingual d., the utterance of meaningless 
words and sentences, low d., delirium marked 
by confusion of ideas and slowness of mental action 
rather than by excitement, macromaniacal d., 
delirium with delusions of greatness of the body or 
members, micromaniacal d., delirium in which 
the patient believes that his body or limbs are very 
small, d. mus'sitans, muttering delirium, such 
as often accompanies a low fever, d. of negation, 
insane belief of a patient that he has lost some 
of his members or parts, d. of persecution, 
delirium in which the patient believes himself 
the object of persecution, d. of ruin, the in- 
sane belief of a patient that he is financially 
ruined, d. schizophrenoi'des, delirium with 
symptoms of dementia praecox. senile d., 
dotage: the imbecility of old age. d. si'ne 
delir'io [L. "delirium without delirium"], de- 
lirium tremens without hallucinations and mental 
distress, but with all the physical symptoms 
present, specific febrile d. Same as acute 
d. toxic d., delirium caused by poisons, trau- 
matic d., that which follows severe injury and 
accompanies shock, d. tre'mens, a variety of 
acute insanity marked by delirium with trembling 
and great excitement, and attended by anxiety, 
mental distress, sweating, and precordial pain. 
It is caused by abuse of alcoholic stimulants or, 
more rarely, by opium, d. vesan'icum, the 
delirium of uncomplicated insanity. 
delitescence (del-it-es'ens) [L. delites'cere to lie 
hidden], i. Sudden disappearance of symptoms 
or of objective signs of a disease. 2. The period 
of latency of a poison or morbific agent. 
deliver (de-liv'er). 'i. To aid in the process of 
childbirth. 2. To remove, as the fetus, placenta, 
or the lens of the eye. 
delivery (de-liv'er-e). 1. Expulsion or extraction 
of the child at birth. 2. Removal of a part, as 
the placenta or lens, abdominal d., delivery 
of the child by cesarean section, postmortem 
d., birth of a child after the death of the mother. 
delle (del'eh). The clear area in the center of a 
stained erythrocyte. 
delomorphic, delomorphous (del-o-mor'fik, del- 
o-mor'fus) [Gr. 6^Xos evident + poptpri form]. 
Having definitely formed and well-defined limits. 
See cell. 
Delore's method (da-lorz') [Xavier Delore, French 
physician, 1828-1916]. Forcible manual correc- 
tion of genu valgum. 
delousing (de-lows'ing). The freeing from lice; 
destruction of lice. 
Delpech's abscess, operation (del-pesh'ez) 
[Jacques Mathieu Delpech, French surgeon, 1777- 
1832]. See abscess and operation. 
delphin (del'fin). Same as delphinin. 
delphinin (del'fin-in). A poisonous alkaloid from 
the seeds of Delphin'ium staphisa'gria: used for 
the most part externally to relieve pain in neu- 
ralgia, rheumatism, and paralysis. Dose, gr. 
(0.001-0.05 gm.). 
Delphinium (del-fin'e-um) [L.]. A genus of ranun- 
culaceous plants, including D. consol'ida, or lark- 
spur, and D. staphisa'gria, or stavesacre. The 
latter is used for destroying lice. 
delphinoidin (del-fin-oid'in). An alkaloid from 
the seeds of Delphin'ium staphisa'gria. 
delphisin (del'fis-in). An alkaloid from the seeds 
of Delphin'ium staphisa'gria. 
delta (del'tah) [Gr. beXra letter A]. A triangular 
space, d. for'nicis, the lyra, or triangular space 
on the posterior surface of the splenium, between 
the posterior pillars of the fornix. Galton's d., 
a triangular arrangement of the lines of a finger- 
print near the base. d. mesoscap'ulae, the 
triangular area at the root of the spine of the 
scapula. 
deltoid (del'toid) [L. deltoi'des triangular], 1. Of 
a triangular outline. 2. See deltoid, in muscles, 
table of. 
deltoideus (del-toid'e-us). See muscles, table of. 
de lunatico inquirendo (de lu-nat'ik-o in-kwe- 
ren'do) [L.]. A commission, board, inquisition, 
or jury appointed by a court for the investiga- 
tion of the mental condition of a person whose 
sanity has been disputed. 
delusion (de-lu'zhun) [L. delu'sio, from de from 
+ lu'dus a game]. A false belief which cannot be 
corrected by reason; mistaken conviction, of the 
falsity of which not even the evidence of the 
senses will convince the patient. Cf. illusion. DELUSIONAL 
317 
DENATURED 
depressive d., a delusion of sad ideas, ex- 
- pansive d., an insane belief in one's own great- 
ness, goodness, or power, d. of grandeur, in- 
sane conviction of one's own importance, power, 
wealth, etc. d. of negation, an insane belief 
that some part of the body is missing or that the 
world has ceased to exist, nihilistic d., a de- 
lusion which denies the existence of something, 
d. of persecution, a morbid belief on the part 
of a patient that he is being persecuted, slandered, 
and injured by secret enemies, d. of reference, 
a delusion in which the patient believes he is the 
object of comment, somatic d., a delusion as to 
some alteration in a bodily organ or its function, 
systematized d., a delusion which is carried out 
by the patient in a logical manner; a delusion which 
has a logical structure, unsystematized d., a 
delusion made up of disconnected parts. 
delusional (de-lu'zhun-al). Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by delusions. 
demagnetization (de-mag"net-iz-a'shun). De- 
prival of magnetism. 
demagnetize (de-mag'net-iz). To deprive of mag- 
netic properties. 
demarcation (de-mar-ka'shun) [L. demarca're to 
limit]. The marking off or ascertainment of 
boundaries, surface-d., the limit between dead 
and living muscle; a term used in the records of 
experiments regarding the electromotive prop- 
erties of muscle. 
Demarquay's sign (dem-ar-kaz') [Jean Nicolas 
Demarquay, a French surgeon, 1811-1875]. See 
sign. 
demedication (de-med-ik-a'shun). The removal 
of drugs from the system, catalytic d., cata- 
phoretic d., the removal of foreign matter from 
the tissues by cataphoresis. 
dement (de-ment'). A person affected with de- 
mentia (used often in comparison or contrast 
with ament). 
demented (de-men'ted). Deprived of reason. 
dementia (de-men'she-ah) [L. de neg. 4- mens 
mind]. Insanity characterized by loss or serious 
impairment of intellect, will, and memory, acute 
d., a form which affects comparatively young 
persons and is often curable, apperceptive d., 
the final stage of dementia praecox, marked by 
great mental weakness. chronic d., de- 
mentia which may occur at any time of life 
and is incurable, epileptic d., insanity with 
mental deterioration, resulting from the long 
continuance of epilepsy. d. myoclon'ica, 
mental deterioration occurring in paramyoclonus 
multiplex. paralytic d., d. paralyt'ica, 
paretic d. See general paresis, under paresis. 
d. parano'ides, a form of adolescent insanity 
marked by paranoic delusions, developing rap- 
idly and terminating in a demented confusional 
condition. d. praecox, adolescent insanity, 
a term used to include a large range of mental 
disorders which occur in early life and are marked 
by melancholia and self-absorption, terminating 
in a characteristic mental weakness of an emo- 
tional nature. The term includes primary de- 
mentia, catatonia, and hebephrenia. _ Called also 
adolescent insanity, d. prseseni'lis, dementia 
beginning between forty and fifty and marked by 
apathy, loss of memory, disturbances of speech and 
gait, primary d., dementia occurring inde- 
pendently of any other form of insanity, sec- 
ondary d., dementia following and due to some 
other form of insanity, senile d., dementia 
from old age. tabetic d., that which sometimes 
follows tabes dorsalis, terminal d., dementia 
coming on as a final result of nervous or mental 
diseases, toxic d., that which is due to the ex- 
cessive use of some poisonous drug. 
demethylation (de-meth-il-a'shun). The removal 
of a methyl group, -sCHs, from a compound. 
Deme'trius Pepagom'enus. A Greek physician 
of the thirteenth century a. d., who wrote a work on 
gout. . 
demi- [Fr. demi; L. dimidi'us half]. A prefix sig- 
nifying half. 
demi-bain (dem'e-ban) [Fr.]. A half-bath, sitz-, 
or hip-bath. 
demi-gantlet (dem-e-gant'let). A form of bandage 
for the hand and fingers. 
demilune (dem'il-un). i. A half-moon, or cres- 
cent. 2. Crescentic; crescent-shaped, d's of 
Adamkiewicz, crescent-shaped cells beneath the 
neurilemma of medullated nerve-fibers, d. body. 
See under body. d's of Heidenhain. See 
crescents of Gianuzzi. 
demimonstrosity (dem"e-mon-stros'it-e). Mal- 
formation of a part which does not prevent the 
exercise of its function. 
demineralization (de"min-er-al-iz-a'shun). Ex- 
cessive elimination of mineral or inorganic salts, 
such as is seen in pulmonary tuberculosis and can- 
cer. 
demipenniform (dem-e-pen'if-orm). Pen-shaped 
or wing-shaped as to the one of the two margins: 
used of certain muscles. 
demodectic (dem-o-dek'tik). Pertaining to, or 
caused by, Demodex. 
Demodex (dem'o-deks) [Gr. b-qpbs fat + worm], 
A genus of mites or acarids. D. folliculo'rum, 
the pimple-mite; a species found in hair-follicles 
and in sebaceous secretions, especially of the 
face and nose. See comedo. 
demography (de-mog'raf-e) [Gr. hypos people 4- 
ypacpcLV to write]. The study or science of man- 
kind collectively, dynamic d., collective physi- 
ology of communities, with statistics of births, 
marriages, deaths, etc. static d., collective 
anatomy of communities and study of their en- 
vironment. 
demoniac (de-mo'ne-ak). i. Possessed by a de- 
mon; frenzied. 2. A lunatic. 
demonomania (de"mo-no-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. balpuv 
demon + pavla madness]. Monomania in which 
the patient considers himself possessed of devils. 
demonopathy (de-mon-op'ath-e) [Gr. ba.lp.cov 
demon + irados disease]. Demonomania. 
demonophobia (de"mo-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. balpuv 
demon + <p60os fear]. Morbid fear of demons. 
demonstrator (dem'on-stra-tor) [L. demonstr a'tor]. 
1. An instructor who does not take rank as a 
professor. 2. The forefinger. 
De Morgan's spots (de-mor'ganz) [Campbell De 
Morgan, English physician, 1811-1876]. See under 
spot. 
demorphinization (de-mor"fin-iz-a'shun). The 
gradual depriving of one addicted to the mor- 
phin-habit of the drug until the habit is cured. 
Demours' membrane (da-moorz') [Pierre De- 
mours, French ophthalmologist, 1702-1795]. See 
membrane. 
demulcent (de-mul'sent). 1. Soothing; bland; 
allaying the irritation of inflamed or abraded 
surfaces. 2. A soothing, mucilaginous or oily 
medicine or application. The principal demul- 
cents are glycerin, gum arabic, flaxseed, Irish 
moss, Iceland moss, licorice, sassafras, slippery 
elm, starch paste, and tragacanth. 
demustardization (de-mus-tar-diz-a'shun). Treat- 
ment of men who have been subjected to the 
fumes of mustard gas. 
demutization (de-mu-tiz-a'shun) [L. de from + 
mu'tus mute]. The teaching of deaf-mutes to 
communicate by lip-language or by dactylology. 
denarcotize (de-nar'ko-tiz). To deprive of nar- 
cotin. 
denatured (de-na'tshurd). Having its nature 
changed; rendered unfit for human consumption, 
d. alcohol. See under alcohol. DENDRAXON 
318 
DENTISTRY 
dendraxon (den-draks'on) [dendron 4- axon]. A 
nerve-cell whose axis-cylinder breaks up into ter- 
minal filaments almost immediately after leaving 
the cell. Cf. inaxon. 
dendric (den'drik). Having a dendron or den- 
drons. 
dendriform, dendroid (den'drif-orm, den'droid). 
Branched, or tree-shaped. 
dendrite (den'drit). A dendron. 
dendritic (den-drit'ik). Branched like a tree; 
pertaining to or possessing dendrons. 
dendroid (den'droid) [Gr. beobpop tree + el3os 
form]. Branching like a tree or shrub. 
dendron (den'dron) [Gr. SiuSpop tree]. A branched 
and tree-shaped protoplasmic process from a 
nerve-cell: a neurodendron. 
denervated (de-ner'va-ted). Having the nerve re- 
moved or the nerve supply interrupted. 
dengue (deng'u; Spanish, dan'gwa) [Sp.]. An in- 
fectious, eruptive, febrile disease, coming on sud- 
denly, and marked by severe pains in the head, 
eyes, muscles, and joints, sore throat, catarrhal 
symptoms, and sometimes a cutaneous eruption 
and painful swellings of the parts. The disease 
comes on suddenly after an incubation period of 
from three to six days. The symptoms increase in 
severity for two or three days, then decrease 
somewhat, only to increase again on the fourth 
or fifth day, at which time the eruption appears. 
It occurs epidemically and sporadically in India, 
Egypt, Persia, and the West Indies, is caused by a 
filterable virus, and is thought to be transmitted 
by the mosquito, Culex fatigans. Called also 
breakbone fever, dandy fever, sun fever, and solar 
fever. 
denidation (den-id-a'shun) [L. de away + ni'dus 
nest]. The supposed removal in menstruation 
of a part of the nidus for a fertilized ovum, made 
up of the epithelial elements of the intra-uterine 
mucous membrane. 
Denigds' test (den-e-zhaz') [Georges Deniges, 
French chemist, born 1859]. See under test. 
denigration (de-ni-gra'shun) [L. de from + ni'ger 
black]. The act of rendering black or of becoming 
black. 
denitrification (de-ni-trif-ik-a'shun). The setting 
free of gaseous nitrogen from nitrites and nitrates. 
denitrifier (de-ni'trif-i-er). A bacterium which 
causes denitrification. > 
Denonvillier's aponeurosis or fascia, opera- 
tion (den-aw-vel-yaz') [Charles Pierre Denonvillier, 
surgeon in Paris, 1808-1872]. See fascia and 
operation. 
dens (denz), pl. den'tes [L.]. 1. A tooth. 2. [B N A] 
The odontoid process of the axis. d. cani'nus 
[B N A], a canine tooth, d. decid'uus [B N A], 
a desiduous or milk tooth, d. incisi'vus [B N A], 
incisor tooth, d. mola'ris [B N A], molar tooth, 
d. per'manens [B N A], a permanent tooth, d. 
premola'ris [B N A], premolar tooth, d. sero- 
ti'nus [B N A], a wisdom-tooth. 
densimeter (den-sim'et-er) [L. den'sus dense + 
me'trum measure]. An apparatus for determining 
the density or specific gravity. 
density (den'sit-e) [L. den'sitas]. 1. The quality 
of being compact or dense. 2. The quantity of 
matter in a given space. 3. The quantity of 
electricity in a given area or in a given volume 
or in a given time. 
dentagra (den-tag'rah, den'tag-rah) [L. dens tooth 
+ Gr. ay pa seizure]. 1. A forceps or key for 
pulling out teeth. 2. Toothache. 
dental (den'tai) [L. denta'lis]. 1. Pertaining to a 
tooth or teeth. 2. A letter or sound made by 
or in part by the front teeth. 
dentale (den-ta'le). The dentary bone. 
dentalgia (den-tal'je-ah) [L. dens tooth + Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Toothache; odontalgia. 
dentaphen (den'taf-en). A proprietary solution of 
benzyl alcohol: used as a local anesthetic on mucous 
surfaces. 
dentaphone (den'taf-6n) [L. dens tooth + Gr. 
sound]. An instrument by means of which deaf 
persons are enabled to hear sounds propagated 
through the medium of the teeth. 
dentata (den-ta'tah). The second vertebra or 
axis, so called from its tooth-like process. 
dentate (den'tat) [L. denta'tus). Having teeth or 
projections like saw-teeth on the edges. 
dentatum (den-ta'tum) [L. " toothed "]. The 
nucleus dentatus. 
dentes (den'tez) [pl. of L. dens tooth]. See teeth. 
d. acu'ti, the sharp teeth; incisor teeth, d. 
incisi'vi, the incisor teeth, d. mola'res, the 
molar teeth, d. prsemola'res, the premolar 
teeth, d. sapien'tiae, d. serot'ini, the wisdom- 
teeth; the last grinder or molar teeth. 
dentiaskiascope (den"ti-ah-ski'as-kop) [L. dens 
tooth + skiascope]. An apparatus for examining 
the teeth by the x-rays; a dental skiascope. 
dentibuccal (den-te-buk'al). Pertaining to the 
teeth and the cheek. 
denticulate, denticulated (den-tik'u-lat, den- 
tik'u-la-ted) [L. denticula'tus]. Provided with 
minute teeth; having very fine marginal teeth. 
dentification (den-tif-ik-a'shun). The formation 
of dentin or tooth-substance. 
dentiform (den'tif-orm). Shaped like a tooth. 
dentifrice (den'tif-ris) [L. dentifric'ium]. A tooth- 
powder or tooth-wash. 
dentigerous (den-tij'er-us) [L. dens tooth + ge/ere 
to carry]. Containing or bearing a tooth or teeth. 
dentilabial (den-ti-la'be-al) [L. dens tooth + 
la'bium lip]. Pertaining to the teeth and lips. 
dentilingual (den-ti-lin'gwal) [L. dens tooth + 
lin'gua tongue]. Pertaining to the teeth and 
tongue. 
dentimeter (den-tim'et-er) [L. dens tooth + Gr. 
perpoo measure]. An instrument for measuring 
teeth. 
dentin, dentine (den'tin) [L. dens tooth]. The 
chief substance or tissue of the teeth which sur- 
rounds the tooth-pulp, and is covered by enamel on 
the exposed part of the tooth and by cement on the 
part implanted in the jaw. Dentin resembles bone, 
but is harder and denser. It consists of a solid 
organic substratum, infiltrated with lime salts 
which is permeated by numerous branching spiral 
canaliculi or tubules which contain processes of the 
connective-tissue cells (dentin cells) that line the 
pulp cavity, adventitious d. Same as sec- 
ondary d. secondary d., deposits of dentin in 
the pulp cavity subsequent to complete tooth 
formation, sensitive d., a sensitive condition 
of the dentin due to distal irritation of the dentinal 
tubules. 
dentinal (den'tin-al). Pertaining to dentin. 
dentinalgia (den-tin-al'je-ah) [L. dentin -T Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the dentin. 
dentinification (den-tin-if-ik-a'shun). The for- 
mation of dentin. 
dentinitis (den-tin-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
dentinal tubules. 
dentinoid (den'tin-oid). Resembling dentin; also 
a tumor composed of dentin. 
dentinoma (den-tin-o'mah). A tumor of dentin, 
dentinosteoid (den-tin-os'te-oid). A tumor com- 
posed of or containing dentin and bone. 
dentiparous (den-tip'ar-us). Pertaining to the 
production of teeth. 
dentiphone (den'tif-on). Same as dentaphone. 
dentist (den'tist). A person authorized to practise 
dentistry. 
dentistry (den'tis-tre). _ The surgery and therapy 
of the teeth, ceramic d., that department of DENTITION 
319 
DEPRAVED 
dentistry which deals with the production and 
preparation of artificial teeth; dental ceramics, 
cosmetic d., esthetic d., the repairing and 
filling of decayed or broken teeth with such mate- 
rials and in such a manner as to conceal the dental 
work and restore the part to a natural appearance, 
operative d., that branch of dentistry which 
deals with the operations or manipulations in the 
mouth of the patient, as distinguished from those 
performed in the workshop or laboratory, pros- 
thetic d. See prosthodontia. 
dentition (den-tish'un) [L. denti'tio]. 1. The cut- 
ting of the teeth; teething. 2. The kind, num- 
ber, and arrangement of the teeth, primary 
d., the eruption of the deciduous or milk-teeth, 
secondary d., the eruption of second or per- 
manent teeth, tertiary d., a third dentition 
which sometimes occurs in adult life or old age. 
dento-alveolar (den"to-al-ve'o-lar). Pertaining 
to a tooth alveolus. 
dento-alveolitis (den"to-al-ve-o-li'tis). Pyorrhea 
alveolaris. 
dentoid (den'toid) [L. dens tooth + Gr. elbos form]. 
Tooth shaped. 
dentoidin (den-toi'din). The organic or albumin- 
ous ground-substance of a tooth. 
dentola (den'to-lah). A solution of potassium 
bromid and cocain hydrochlorid in glycerin and 
water: used as an application to painful gums. 
dentoliva (den-to-li'vah) [L. dens tooth + oli'va 
olive]. The olivary nucleus. 
dentology (den-tol'o-je) [L. dens tooth + Gr. Xbyos 
treatise]. Same as odontology. 
dentor (den'tor). A dentist. 
dentosurgical (den-to-ser'jik-al). Relating to, or 
used in, dentistry and surgery. 
dentural (dent'u-ral). Pertaining to a denture. 
denture (dent'ur) [Fr.; L. dens tooth]. An entire 
set of teeth; also a set of artificial teeth, full d., 
a double set of teeth, one for each jaw. partial 
d., two or more artificial teeth on a plate. 
Denuce's ligament (den-u-saz') [Maurice 
Denuce, French surgeon, born 1859]. See liga- 
ment. 
denucleated (de-nu'kle-a-ted). Deprived of the 
nucleus. 
denudation (den-u-da'shun) [L. denuda're to make 
bare]. The act of laying anything bare; the 
deprival of a surface of its epithelial covering, 
whether surgical or pathologic. 
denutrition (de-nu-trish'un). A withdrawal or 
failure of the nutritive processes, with consequent 
atrophy and degeneration. 
Denys' tuberculin (den-es'ez) [G. Denys, a con- 
temporary Belgian physician]. See tuberculin. 
Denys-Leclef phenomenon (den-es-lek-la'). See 
phenomenon. 
deobstruent (de-ob'stru-ent) [L. de priv. + ob- 
stru'ere to block up]. 1. Removing obstructive 
matters. 2. A medicine that removes obstruc- 
tions. 
deodar (de'o-dar). The Ce'drus deod'ara, a large 
tree of the Himalayas: its turpentine is medicinal. 
deodorant (de-o'dor-ant) [L. de from + odora're 
to perfume]. 1. Removing undesirable or offen- 
sive odors. 2. A substance that destroys ill 
odors. 
deodorize (de-o'dor-iz) [L. de from + o'dor odor]. 
To deprive of odor. 
deodorizer (de-o'dor-i-zer). A deodorizing agent. 
deontology (de-on-tol'o-je) [Gr. Seorra things that 
ought to be done + Xbyos treatise]. The science 
of professional duties and etiquette. 
deoppilant, deoppilative (de-op'il-ant, de-op'il- 
at-iv). Removing obstructions. 
deoppilation (de-op-il-a'shun) [L. de away 4- 
oppila'tio obstruction]. The removal of obstruc- 
tions. 
deorsum (de-or'sum) [L.]. Downward, d. ver'- 
gens, turning or directed downward. 
deorsumduction (de-or-sum-duk'shun) [L. deor'- 
sum downward + du'cere to lead]. The turning: 
down of a part, as the eyes. 
deorsumvergence (de-or-sum-ver'jens). A down- 
ward movement, especially of the eyes. 
deorsumversion (de-or-sum-ver'shun) [L. deor'- 
sum downward + veriere to turn]. An act of 
turning or directing downward. 
deossification (de-os-if-ik-a'shun) [L. de from + os 
bone + fa'cere to make]. Loss of or removal of the 
mineral elements of bone. 
deoxidation (de"oks-id-a'shun) [L. de from + oxy- 
gen]. The removal of oxygen from a chemic 
compound. 
deoxidize (de-oks'id-iz). To deprive of chemically 
combined oxygen. 
deoxycholeic acid (de-ok-se-ko-le'ik). See under 
acid. 
deoxygenation (de-oks"ij-en-a'shun). The act of 
depriving of oxygen. 
Dep. Abbreviation for L. depura'tus, purified. 
depancreatize (de-pan'kre-at-iz). To deprive of 
the pancreas, as by operation. 
depersonalization (de-per-sun-al-iz-a'shun). Loss 
of the sense of personality, or of personal ownership 
of the parts of one's body. 
dephlogisticate (de-flo-jis'tik-at). To reduce 
inflammation in. 
depigmentation (de"pig-men-ta'shun). The re- 
moval of pigment by an artificial or a natural 
process. 
depilate (dep'il-at) [L. de away + pi'lus hair]. To 
remove the hair from. 
depilation (dep-il-a'shun). The process of re- 
moving hair. 
depilatory (de-pil'at-o-re) [L. de from + pi'lus 
hair], i. Having the power to remove the hair. 
2. An agent for removing or destroying the hair. 
The chief depilatories are arsenic, calcium sul- 
phate, and quicklime. Atkinson's d., 6 parts of 
quicklime, i part of orpiment mixed with flour and 
colored yellow. 
deplete (de-plet') [L. deple're to empty]. To empty;, 
to unload; to cause depletion. 
depletion (de-ple'shun) [L. deple're to empty], 
i. The act or process of emptying; removal of 
a fluid, as the blood. 2. Exhausted state which 
results from excessive loss of blood, plasma d., 
plasmapheresis. 
deplumation (dep-lu-ma'shun) [L. de from + 
plu'ma down]. Loss of the eyelashes by disease. 
depolarization (de-po"lar-iz-a'shun). The proc- 
ess or act of neutralizing polarity. 
depolarize (de-po'lar-iz) [L. de from + po'lus pole]. 
To reduce to a non-polarized condition; to deprive 
of polarity. 
depolarizer (de-po'lar-i-zer). A chemic agent 
placed in a galvanic cell for preventing the ac- 
cumulation of gas upon either of the plates. 
deposit (de-poz'it) [L. de down + po'nere to place]. 
1. Sediment or dregs. 2. Extraneous inorganic 
matter collected in the tissues or in a viscus or 
cavity. In dentistry, hard or soft material ad- 
herent to the surface of a tooth, brick-dust d., 
a reddish sediment in the urine, composed of urates, 
depositive (de-pos'it-iv). Depositing: said of the 
condition in which lymph is exuded into the derma, 
forming papules. 
depravation (dep-ra-va'shun) [L. depra'vere to 
vitiate; de down + pra'vus bad]. Deterioration;, 
a change for the worse. 
depraved (de-pravd'). Vitiated or perverted. DEPREMENTIA 
320 
DERMAMETROPATHISM 
deprementia (dep-re-men'she-ah). Insanity marked 
by depression, impairment of memory, etc.: due 
to autotoxemia. 
depressant (de-pres'ant). 1. Diminishing func- 
tional activity. 2. A medicine which reduces 
functional activity and the vital energies in gen- 
eral by producing muscular relaxation and dia- 
phoresis. The chief depressants are aconite, an- 
timony compounds, tobacco, veratrum viride, and 
other nauseant drugs. 
depressed (de-prest'). Carried below the normal 
level; associated with depression. 
depressing (de-pres'ing). Couching. 
depression (de-presh'un) [L. depres'sio; de down 
+ prem'ere to press]. 1. A hollow or depressed 
area. 2. Downward or inward displacement. 
3. A lowering or decrease of functional activity. 
4. Absence of cheerfulness or hope, auricular 
d., the great lowering in the sphygmographic 
tracing of the venous pulse, representing the dias- 
tole of the right auricle, d. of cataract. See 
couching, pacchionian d's, the fossae on the 
interior surface of the skull for the pacchionian 
bodies, pterygoid d. See pterygoid pit, under 
pit. radial d., a fossa on the anterior sur- 
face of the humerus, just above the radial head, 
supratrochlear d., a slight depression on the 
anterior surface of the femur, above the trochlea, 
systolic d., a falling of the precordial region of 
the chest observed during the systole of the heart, 
ventricular d., that part of the venous pulse- 
tracing which lies between the ventricular and 
auricular waves. 
depressive (de-pres'iv). Causing depression. 
depressomotor (de-pres"o-mo'tor) [L. deprim'ere 
to press down + mo'tor mover]. 1. Retarding 
or abating motion. 2. An agent which lessens or 
depresses motor activity. 
depressor (de-pres'or) [L.]. 1. A muscle, agent, 
instrument, or apparatus which depresses. 2. 
A nerve whose stimulation lowers,, restrains, or 
inhibits motion or other function. See muscles', 
table of. Sims' d., a loop of stout wire used 
in depressing the anterior vaginal wall in exam- 
inations. 
deprimens oculi (dep'rim-enz) [L.]. The rectus 
inferior muscle. See muscles, table of. 
deprival, deprivation, deprivement (de-pri'val, 
dep-riv-a'shun, de-priv'ment) [L. de from + 
priva're to remove]. Loss or absence of parts, 
organs, or powers. 
depth, focal (depth). The measure of the power 
of a lens to yield clear images of objects at dif- 
ferent distances from it. 
depula (dep'u-lah) [L., from Gr. Sairas a goblet]. 
The developing egg in the stage succeeding the 
blastula and preceding the gastrula. 
depulization (de-pu-liz-a'shun) [L. de away + 
pu'lex flea]. The destruction of fleas in an infested 
dwelling. 
depur ant (dep'u-rant). A purifying agent or 
drug. 
depurated (dep'u-ra-ted) [L. depura're to purify]. 
Cleansed, refined, or purified. 
depuration (dep-u-ra'shun). The act or process 
of purifying. 
depurative (dep'u-ra-tiv). Tending to purify or 
cleanse. 
depurator (dep'u-ra-tor) [L. de away + pu'rus 
pure]. 1. A depurative agent. 2. A vacuum- 
producing apparatus for stimulating the excretory 
function of the skin. 
De R. A contraction or symbol for reaction of 
degeneration. 
deradelphus (der-ad-el'fus) [Gr. Sept) neck + 
aSeXtpbs brother]. A monster made up of twins 
fused at or near the navel, and with but one head. 
deradenitis (der"ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. Sepy neck + aSfy 
gland]. Inflammation of the glands of the neck. 
deradenoncus (der"ad-en-ong'kus) [Gr. Sept) neck 
+ &5r)v gland + oyKos tumor]. A swelling of a 
gland of the neck. 
deranencephalia (der-an"en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. Sept) 
neck + av neg. + eynetpaXos brain]. Monstrosity 
marked by defect of the brain and upper part of the 
spinal cord. 
derangement (de-ranj'ment). Insanity, or disor- 
der of the reason. Hey's internal d., partial 
dislocation of the knee, marked by great pain and 
spasm of the muscles. 
deratization (de-rat-iz-a'shun). Extermination of 
rats. 
Derbyshire neck (der'be-sher). See goiter. 
Dercum's disease (der'kum) [Francis Xavier Der- 
cum, Philadelphia physician, born 1856]. See 
disease. 
derencephalocele (der"en-se-fal'o-sel) [Gr. Sepij 
neck + eyxeipaXos brain + hernia]. Pro- 
trusion of the brain substance through a slit in one 
or more of the cervical vertebrae. 
derencephalus (der-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. Sept) neck + 
eyKetpaXos brain]. A monster-fetus born with 
rudimentary skull bones and bifid cervical ver- 
tebrae, the brain resting in the latter. 
deric (dePik) [Gr. Sepos skin]. Pertaining to the 
ectoderm; the opposite of enteric. 
dericin (der'is-in). A light colored oil derived from 
castor oil. 
derivant (deFiv-ant). 1. Derivative. 2. A de- 
rivative agent. 
derivation (der-iv-a'shun) [L. deriva'tio, from 
deriva're to draw off], 1. The process or act of 
withdrawing blood, or of removing a disease 
process to another part; derivative treatment 
and its intended result. 2. The alleged suctional 
action of the heart. 3. Same as lead. 
derivative (de-riv'a-tiv). 1. Producing or causing 
a derivation. 2. An agent which withdraws blood 
from the seat of a disease. 
derm, derma (derm, der'mah) [Gr. S'eppa\. The 
skin; especially the corium, or true skin. 
Dermacentor (der-mas-en'tor) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ Kevreiv to pierce]. A genus of ticks. D. 
anderso'ni. See D. venustus. D. margina'- 
tus, D. modes'tus, a species which transmits 
Rocky Mountain spotted fever. D. occidenta'- 
lis, a species found in Oregon and California 
which attacks man. Its bite is apt to leave ugly 
ulcerating sores. It is instrumental in conveying 
Rocky Mountain spotted fever. D. reticula'- 
tus, of Europe, Asia, and America, attacks sheep 
and oxen. D. varia'bilis, the common dog tick 
of Eastern North America. D. venus'tus, a 
handsome reddish-brown species of wood tick which 
is responsible for transmitting Rocky Mountain 
spotted fever to man and for pausing tick paralysis. 
Its first and second hosts are rodents, especially 
squirrels, while its third hosts are domestic animals 
and man. 
Dermacentroxe'nus ricket'tsii. An organism 
which has been considered the possible causative 
organism in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. See 
Rickettsia. 
dermad (der'mad). Toward the integument. 
dermagra (der'mag-rah, der-mag'rah) [Gr. Seppa 
skin + ay pa seizure]. Pellagra. 
dermahemia (der-mah-he'me-ah). Same as der- 
mathemia. 
dermal (der'mal). Of or pertaining to the skin. 
dermalaxia (der-mal-aks'e-ah) [Gr. Seppa skin + 
paXa^ts softening]. Morbid softness of the skin. 
dermalgia (der-mal'je-ah). Same as dermatalgia. 
dermametropathism (derm-am-et-rop'ath-izm). 
The diagnosis of disease by observing the charac- 
ter of the markings that result from pressure on 
the skin with some blunt instrument. dermamyiasis (der"mah-mi-i'as-is) [Gr. Seppa 
skin + pvla fly]. Disease of the skin caused by 
flies, d. linea ris mi'grans oestro'sa, creep- 
ing eruption. See under eruption. 
dermanaplasty (der-man'ap-las-te) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ avairXaaaetv to form again]. Skin-grafting. 
Dermanys'sus a'vium et galli'nae. The bird- 
mite or chicken-louse. It sometimes attacks the 
human integument. 
dermapostasis (der-map-os'tas-is) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ airbaracris a falling away]. A skin disease with 
abscess-formation. 
dermaskeleton (der-mah-skel'et-on). Same as 
exoskeleton. 
dermatagra (der-mat-ag'rah, der-mat'ag-rah) [Gr. 
Seppa skin + aypa seizure]. See pellagra. 
dermatalgia (der-mat-al'je-ah) [Gr. Seppa skin + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the skin with no local 
lesion: it is of reflex origin or is due to a nervous 
disease. 
dermataneuria (der"mat-an-u're-ah) [Gr. Seppa 
skin + vevpov nerve]. ' Disorder of the nerve- 
supply of the skin. 
dermatatrophia (der"mat-at-ro'fe-ah). Same as 
dermatrophia. 
dermatauxe (der-mat-awks'e) [Gr. Seppa skin + 
aviff) increase]. Hypertrophy of the skin. 
dermathemia (der-mat-he'me-ah) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ alpa blood]. Congestion of the skin. 
dermatic (der-mat'ik). Dermal. 
dermatin (deff mat-in). A powder of starch, talc, 
kaolin, and salicylic acid: employed in skin 
diseases. 
dermatitis (der-mat-i'tis) [Gr. Seppa skin]. In- 
flammation of the skin. d. aestiva'lis, eczema 
coming on in hot weather, d. ambustio'nis, d. 
calor'ica, d. combustio'nis is due to a burn, 
scald, or sunburn, arsphenamin d., dermatitis 
due to the use of arsphenamin in syphilis, d. 
artefac'ta, dermatitis produced intentionally by 
the patient, as by scratching, d. atroph'icans, 
diffuse atrophy of the skin, blastomycetic d., 
a rare disease due to invasion of the skin by a 
blastomyces. It is marked by a gradually develop- 
ing papillomatous-looking area, from which a secre- 
tion can be pressed out. Abscess-like formations 
may develop. Called also d. coccidioides. brown- 
tail moth d., a cutaneous irritation produced by 
the hairs of the brown-tail moth, Euproc'tis crysor- 
rhoea. d. bullo'sa, a vesicobullous eruption on the 
skin. d. calor'ica, inflammation of the skin due 
to heat or cold, cane d., dermatitis occurring in 
persons who cut cane (Arunduno donax) in Prov- 
ence, Italy, Greece, etc. d. coccidioi des, d. 
coccidio'sa. See coccidioidal granuloma, under 
granuloma, d. congelatio'nis is due to cold or 
frost-bite; chilblain, d. contusifor'mis, erythe- 
ma nodosum, cotton-seed d., a dermatitis oc- 
curring on the neck and forearms of dock laborers 
handling cotton-seed. d. cupolifor'mis, an ul- 
cerative disease caused by Streptococcus tropicalis 
(Castellani, 1916). d. epidem'ica, an epidemic 
disease marked by blotches or patches which be- 
come confluent and form a red, desquamating 
patch. It is attended with itching and burning. 
Called also Savill's disease, d. erythemato'sa, 
erythema, d. excoriati'va infan'tum, inflam- 
matory excoriation of the skin in infants, d. ex- 
foliati'va is characterized by scaly, exfoliating 
patches, and resembles pityriasis rubra, d. ex- 
foliati'va epidem'ica. Same as d. epidemica. 
d. exfoliativa infan'tum, severe exfoliative 
skin inflammation affecting infants, d. facti'tia, 
dermatitis artificially produced. d. fic'ta, 
artificially produced dermatitis, fungoid d., my- 
cosis fungoides. d. gangraeno'sa. Same as 5^/za- 
celoderma. d. gangraeno'sa infan'tum, mul- 
tiple disseminated gangrene of the skin of infants, 
d. glandula'ris erythemato'sa, lupus ery- 
thematosus. d. herpetifor'mis. Same as d. 
DERMAMYIASIS 
321 
multiformis, d. hiema'lis, a dermatitis coming 
on with cold weather, hyphomycetic d., in- 
fection of the skin with hyphomycetes. malig- 
nant papillary d., Paget's disease, d. medi- 
camento'sa, dermatitis caused by the action 
of drugs, metol d. See under metol. d. 
multifor'mis, dermatitis marked by grouped, 
erythematous, papular, vesicular, pustular, or 
bullous lesions occurring in varied combinations, 
accompanied by burning and itching. Called 
also Duhring's disease, d. papilla ris capilli'- 
tii, a disease of the scalp and neck, with the forma- 
tion of elevations of the surface, interspersed with 
pustules and ending in scar-like elevations that 
resemble keloid, d. pediculoi'des ventrico'- 
sus. Same as straw-itch; see under itch, prim- 
rose d., primula d., dermatitis caused by the 
primrose, d. re'pens, a spreading dermatitis, 
chiefly of the upper extremity, following an injury 
and probably neuritic in its nature, satinwood 
d., dermatitis occurring among workers in satin- 
wood, a fine grained wood used in cabinetmaking, 
d. schamber'gi. See straw-itch, under itch. d. 
seborrhoe'ica, seborrhcea sicca, d. sim'plex, 
erythema, d. skiagraphi'ca is due to the misuse 
of the Roentgen rays, straw-mat d. See straw- 
itch, under itch. d. traumat'ica, a form due to 
local injury or bruising, uncinarial d., an 
irritation of the skin due to the entrance of the 
larvae of hookworm, vanilla d., vanillism; der- 
matitis from handling vanilla beans, d. variega'- 
ta, maculopapular erythrodermia. See erythro- 
dermia. d. veg'etans, a disease characterized by 
eczematous eruption on which grow red, fungous 
masses, d. venena'ta, a form due to local action 
of a chemic or external poison, se-ray d., inflam- 
mation of the skin from prolonged exposure to the 
x-rays. 
dermato-autoplasty (der"mat-o-aw'to-plas-te) 
[Gr. Seppa skin + avrbs self + TrXacrcreir to mold]. 
The operation of grafting with skin taken from 
some other portion of the patient's own body. 
Dermatobia (der-mat-o'be-ah). A genus of bot 
flies. D. cyaniven'tris, a species widely dis- 
tributed in South America. The larva lives as a 
parasite in cattle, dogs, and at times in man. D. 
hom'inis, the human bot fly of South America. 
D. noxia'lis is the cause of tropical cutaneous 
myiasis. 
dermatobiasis (der"mat-o-bi'as-is). The presence 
of Dermatobia in the body. 
dermatocele (der'mat-o-sel) [Gr. Sepna skin -|- 
x^Xi, hernia]. Dermatolysis, d. lipomato'sa, 
lipoma showing cystic degeneration. 
dermatocelidosis (der"mat-o-sel-id-o'sis). Der- 
matokelidosis. 
dermatocellulitis (der"mat-o-sel-u-li'tis) [Gr. 
Seppa skin + cellulitis]. Inflammation of the 
skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue. 
Dermatocentor (der-mat-o-sen'tor). See Der- 
macentor. 
dermatococcus (der"mat-o-kok'us). A diplococ- 
cus sometimes found in elephantiasis. 
dermatoconiosis, dermatokoniosis (der"mat- 
o-ko-ne-o'sis) [Gr. Seppa skin + Kovla dust]. Any 
skin affection caused by dust. 
dermatocyst (der'mat-o-sist) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
cyst]. A cyst of the skin. 
dermatodynia (der"mat-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. Seppa 
skin + oSvptj pain]. Same as dermatalgia. 
dermatograph (der-mat'o-graf) [Gr. Seppa skin + 
ypaipew to write]. An instrument for marking 
the boundaries of the body. 
dermatographia, dermatographism (deff'mat- 
o-graf'e-ah, der-mat-og'raf-izm). Same as dermo- 
graphia. 
dermatography (der-mat-og'raf-e) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ ypa<peiv to write], A description or account of 
the skin. 
DERMATOGRAPHY dermatoheteroplasty (der"mat-o-het'er-o-plas- 
te) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- it epos other 4~ irXda<rei.v to 
form]. Skin-grafting in which the skin is taken 
from the body of another person. 
dermatoid (der'mat-oid) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- el3os 
form]. Skin-like. 
dermatokelidosis (der"mat-o-kel-id-o'sis) [Gr. 
Seppa skin 4- KrfXiSovv to stain]. A Spotted con- 
dition of the skin. 
dermatol (der'mat-ol). A basic gallate of bis- 
muth, C6H2(OH)3.CO2Bi(OH)2; a yellow, astrin- 
gent, antiseptic powder, used as a dressing for 
wounds and sores, and internally as a remedy for 
diarrhea and diseases of mucous membranes. 
Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.666-2 gm.). 
dermatologist (der-mat-ol'o-jist). An expert in 
skin diseases. 
dermatology (der-mat-ol'o-je). The sum of what 
is known regarding the skin and skin diseases. 
dermatolysis (der-mat-ol'is-is) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
Xwris loosening]. Hypertrophy of the skin and 
subcutaneous tissues, with a tendency of the skin 
to hang in folds: called also cutis pendula and 
pachydermatocele, d. palpebra'rum. See We- 
pharochalasis. 
dermatoma (der-mat-o'mah) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
-upa tumor]. An abnormal or perverted growth 
of skin tissue, corneal d., a tumorous growth 
upon the cornea of animals: its surface contains 
hair. 
dermatome (der'mat-6m) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- ropi) 
cut]. 1. An instrument for incising the skin. 
2. Any one of the segmental cutaneous areas in- 
nervated by the different segments of the spinal 
cord. 
dermatomere (der'mat-o-mer) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
pepos part]. Any segment or metamere of the 
embryonic integument. 
dermatomic (der-mat-om'ik). Pertaining to a 
dermatome. 
dermatomucosomyositis (der"mat-o-mu-ko"so- 
mi-o-si'tis). Inflammation of the skin, mucous 
membrane of the mouth, throat and nose, and 
muscles. 
dermatomyces (der"mat-o-mi'sez). Same as der- 
matophyte. 
dermatomycosis (der"mat-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. Seppa 
skin 4- pvK-qs fungus]. Any skin disease due to 
a parasitic plant-growth, blastomycetic d., 
blastomycosis of the skin. d. furfura'cea, tinea 
versicolor, d. microspori'na, tinea versicolor, 
d. trichophy'tina, tinea trichophytina. 
dermatomyoma (der"mat-o-mi-ozmah) [Gr. Seppa 
skin 4- myoma]. A myoma of the skin. 
dermatomyositis (der"mat-o-mi-o-si'tis) [Gr. 
Seppa skin 4- pus muscle 4- -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the skin and muscles; a febrile 
disease of unknown origin attended by violent 
pains and by swellings in the muscles, inflamma- 
tion of the skin, and edema. 
dermatoneurology (der"mat-o-nu-rol'o-je) [Gr. 
Seppa skin 4- vevpov nerve 4- Xoyos treatise]. The 
study of the nerves of the skin in health and dis- 
ease. 
dermatoneurosis (der"mat-o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. Seppa 
skin 4- vevpov nerve]. Any neurosis of the skin. 
dermatopathia, dermatopathy (der"mat-o- 
path'e-ah, der-mat-op'ath-e) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
ir offers disease]. Any disease of the skin. 
dermatopathology (der"mat-o-path-ol'o-je). Pa- 
thology of the skin. 
dermatopathophobia (der"mat-o-path-o-fozbe- 
ah) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- staff os disease 4- <p6/3os fear]. 
Morbid anxiety with regard to the skin, its dis- 
eases, etc. 
dermatophiliasis (der"mat-o-fil-i'as-is). Invasion 
of the skin by Dermatophilus. 
Dermatoph'ilus pen'etrans. See chi go. 
DERMATOHETEROPLASTY 
322 
dermatophobia (der"mat-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Sep/xa 
skin + (potio? fear]. A morbid dread of having 
some cutaneous lesion. 
dermatophone (der'mat-o-fon) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
tfxjjvi) sound]. An instrument for auscultating the 
sounds of the blood-current of the skin. 
dermatophyte (der'mat-o-fit) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
pvrbv plant]. A plant-growth, or species of plant, 
parasitic upon the skin. 
dermatophytosis (der"mat-o-fi-to'sis).. Same as 
derma to mycosis. 
dermatoplastic (der"mat-o-plas'tik). Pertaining 
to the plastic surgery of the skin. 
dermatoplasty (der"mat-o-plas'te) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ irXaaaeLv to form]. Operative replacement of 
destroyed or lost skin. 
dermatopolyneuritis (der"mat-o-pol-e-nu-ri'tis). 
See erythredema. 
dermatoptic (der-mat-op'tik) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
otttckos optic]. Seeing with the integument; a 
power alleged to be possessed by the mollusk 
Pho'las dac'tylus. 
dermatorrhagia (der"mat-o-ra'je-ah). Discharge 
of blood from the skin. d. parasit'ica, a disease 
of the skin of horses in Europe and Asia, marked by 
hard elevations formed by accumulations of blood 
between the layers of the skin, and caused by the 
presence of a parasitic worm. 
dermatorrhea (der"mat-or-e'ah) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ poia flow]. A morbid excess of sweat. 
dermatosclerosis (der"mat-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. 
Seppa skin 4- aKXr/pcoacs hardening]. Same as 
scleroderma. 
dermatosiophobia (der-mat-o"se-o-fo'be-ah) [der- 
matosis + Gr. (po^os fear]. Dermatophobia. 
dermatosis (der-mat-o'sis) [Gr. Seppa skin]. Any 
skin disease, angioneurotic d., a skin disease 
in which the manifestations are due to vasomotor 
disturbance of the skin. Auspitz's d., granu- 
loma fungoides. d. kapo'si, xeroderma pigmen- 
tosum. stasis d., skin disease marked by disturb- 
ances of the circulation and of lymphatic absorption. 
Unna's d., seborrheic eczema. 
dermatosome (der'mat-o-som) [Gr. Seppa skin + 
awpa body]. A thickening of each chromatin 
segment forming a part of the equatorial plate 
in karyokinesis. 
dermatotherapy (der"mat-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Seppa 
skin + Oepairela treatment]. Treatment of the 
skin and its diseases. 
dermatothlasia (der"mat-o-thla'ze-ah) [Gr. Seppa 
skin + OXaais bruising]. A morbid tendency to 
injure determinate areas of the skin by pinching 
and bruising (H. Fournier, 1898). 
dermatotome (der'mat-o-tom) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
tomt) cut]. 1. A knife for cutting the skin. 2. One 
of the skin segments of the embryo. 
dermatoxerasia (der"mat-o-ze-ra'ze-ah) [Gr. Sep- 
pa skin 4- ^rjpaaia dryness]. Same as xeroderma. 
dermatozoiasis (der"mat-o-zo-i'as-is). Same as 
dermatozodnosus. 
dermatozoon (der"mat-o-zo'on) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
faov animal]. Any animal parasite of the skin; 
an ectozoon. 
dermatozodnosus (der"mat-o-zo-on-o'sus) [Gr. 
Seppa skin 4- £a>ov animal 4- voaos disease]. A 
skin disease caused by a dermatozoon. 
dermatrophia (der-mat-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. Seppa skin 
4- arpotpia atrophy]. Atrophy of the skin. 
dermatrophy (der-mat'ro-fe). Same as dermatro- 
phia. 
dermenchysis (der-men'kis-is) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
eyxwts pouring in]. The hypodermic exhibition 
of medicines. 
dermepenthesis (der-mep-en'the-sis) [Gr. Seppa 
skin 4* err evO eats insertion]. Skin-grafting. 
dermic (der'mik). Pertaining to the skin, or 
dermis. 
DERMIC DERMIS 
323 
DESICCATION 
dermis (der'mis) [L.]. The skin; especially the 
corium, or true skin. 
dermitis (der-mi'tis) [Gr. Seppa skin + -ins inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the skin. 
dermoblast (der'mo-blast) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- ^Xaa- 
ros germ]. That part of the mesoblast which 
develops into the true skin. 
dermochrome (der'mo-krom) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
XP&pa color]. A colored illustration of the skin or 
of a skin disease. 
dermococcus (der-mo-kok'us). Any coccus found 
in the skin. 
dermocyma, dermocymus (der-mo-si'mah, der- 
mo-si'mus) [Gr. Seppa skin + Kvpa fetus], A 
monstrosity in which one fetus is inclosed within 
another. 
dermogen (der'mo-jen). A yellow, odorless pow- 
der, a proprietary preparation of zinc peroxid: 
used as a stimulant and antiseptic dressing. 
dermographia, dermographism, dermogra- 
phy (der-mo-gra'fe-ah, der-mog'raf-izm, der-mog'- 
raf-e) [Gr. Seppa skin + ypaipecv to write]. A 
condition in which tracings made on the skin 
leave a distinct reddish, elevated mark. See auto- 
graphism. 
dermohemia, dermohaemia (der-mo-he'me-ah) 
[Gr. Seppb. skin + alpa blood]. Hyperemia of 
the skin. 
dermoid (der'moid) [Gr. Seppa skin + elSos form]. 
1. Resembling the skin. 2. A form of congeni- 
tal cyst, chiefly ovarian, containing hair, skin, 
teeth, etc.; a dermoid cyst. See cyst, implan- 
tation d., a dermoid resulting from an injury by 
which a portion of the epiblastic structure is 
driven into the body, sequestration d., a der- 
moid formed along the line of coalescence of the 
opposite halves of the body of the embryo, thy- 
roid d., a tumor formed from a retention cyst 
of the persistent thyroid duct or of the thyro- 
lingual duct. tubal d. See tubulodermoid. 
wandering d., a dermoid tumor which is found 
in an abnormal situation, and which is movable 
from one place to another. 
dermoidectomy (der-moid-ek'to-me) [dermoid + 
Gr. eKTopp excision]. Excision of a dermoid. 
dermol (der'mol). Bismuth chrysophanate, Bi- 
(C15H9O4)3Bi2O3; an amphorous yellow powder, 
a result of the mixture of chrysarobin and bis- 
muth hydroxid. It is an antiseptic: used in skin 
diseases. 
dermolan (der'mo-lan). A proprietary resorcinol 
ointment. 
dermolia (der-mo'le-ah). An antiseptic contain- 
ing zinc oxid, phenol, wool-fat, and thymol. 
dermolysis (der-mol'is-is). Dissolution or destruc- 
tion of the skin. 
dermomycosis (der"mo-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ pimps fungus]. Any skin disease caused by a 
fungus. 
dermoneurosis (der"mo-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ vevpov nerve]. Any neurosis of the skin. 
dermonosology (der"mo-no-sol'o-je) [Gr. Seppa 
skin + nosology]. The nosology or classification 
of skin diseases. 
dermopathic (der-mo-path'ik). Pertaining to dis- 
ease of the skin. 
dermopathy (der-mop'a-the) [Gr. Seppa skin + 
iraOos disease]. Any skin disease. 
dermophlebitis (der"mo-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ <p\ef a vein + -ms inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the veins of the skin. 
dermophyte (der'mo-fit). Same as dermatophyte. 
dermoplasty (der'mo-plas-te). See dermatoplasty. 
dermosapol (der-mo-sa'pol). A cod-liver oil soap 
recommended for inunctions in scrofulous and 
tuberculous subjects. 
dermoskeleton (der-mo-skel'et-on). Same as 
exoskeleton. 
dermostenosis (der"mo-sten-o'sis) [Gr. Seppa skin 
+ uTevwais contraction]. Contraction of the skin. 
dermostosis (der-mos-to'sis) [Gr. Seppa skin + 
bareov bone]. Ossification in the skin. 
dermosynovitis (der"mo-si-no-vi'tis) [Gr. Seppa 
skin +• synovitis], A malignant inflammation of 
the sole of the foot, with a tendency to involve 
the synovial sheaths. 
dermosyphilopathy (der"mo-sif-il-op'ath-e) [Gr. 
Hep pa skin fl- syphilopathy], Any syphilitic skin 
disease. 
dermotropic (der-mo-trop'ik) [Gr. Seppa skin 4- 
Tpeirp a turning]. Having a selective affinilty for 
the skin. 
derodidymus, derodymus (der-o-did'im-us, de- 
rod'im-us) [Gr. Sepp neck + SLSvpos twin]. A 
fetus with one body, two heads, and two necks. 
derrengadera (der-en-gah-da'rah) [Spanish 
"crooked"]. Same as murrina. 
derrid (der'id). A poisonous resin from Der'ris 
ellip'tica, a tree of southern Asia. 
desalgin (des-al'jin). Colloidal chloroform, a 
preparation containing 25 per cent, chloroform 
combined with albumin: used in biliary and in- 
testinal colic and catarrh of the respiratory tract. 
Dose, |-i dr. (1-4 c.c.). 
desalination (de-sal-in-a'shun) [L. de- from + sal 
salt]. The removal of salt from a substance. 
desaloin (des-al'o-in). See disaloin. 
desamidase (des-am'id-az). Same as deamidase. 
desamidization (des"am-id-iz-a'shun). Same as 
deamidization. 
desanimania (des"an-i-ma'ne-ah) [L. dis- neg. + 
an'imus mind + ma'nia madness]. Amentia, or 
mindless insanity. 
Desault's bandage, ligature, sign (de-soz') 
[Pierre Joseph Desault, French surgeon, 1744-1795]. 
See bandage, ligature, and sign. 
Descemet's membrane (des-maz') [Jean Desce- 
met, French anatomist, 1732-1810]. See mem- 
brane. 
descemetitis (des"e-met-i'tis). Inflammation of 
Descemet's membrane; cyclitis or serous iritis. 
descemetocele (des-e-met'o-sel) [Descemet's 
membrane 4- Gr. npXp hernia]. Hernia of Des- 
cemet's membrane. 
descendens noni (de-sen'denz no'ni) [L.]. See 
nerves, table of. 
descending (des-en'ding) [L. descen'dere to go 
down]. Extending downward or distad. 
descen'sus (de-sen'sus). Latin for descent, falling. 
d. tes'tis [BN A], the descent of the testicle into 
the scrotum, d. u'teri, prolapse of the uterus, 
d. ventric'uli, gastroptosis. 
Deschamp's needle (de-shawz') [Joseph Frangois 
Louis Deschamp, 1740-1824]. See needle. 
desensitization (de-sen-sit-iz-a'shun). A condi- 
tion in which the organism is rendered very in- 
sensitive to a specific protein. See antianaphylaxis. 
desensitize (de-sen'sit-Iz). 1. To deprive of sensa- 
tion; paralysis of a sensory nerve by section or 
blocking. 2. To decrease or remove the anaphyl- 
actic sensitiveness. 
desexualize (de-seks'u-al-iz). To deprive of sexual 
characters; to castrate. 
deshydremia (des-hi-dre'me-ah) [L. de from 4- 
vS^p water + at pa blood]. Deficiency of the 
watery element of the blood. 
desiccant, desiccative (des-ik'ant, des'ik-at-iv). 
Promoting dryness. 
desiccate (des'ik-at) [L. desicca're to dry up]. To 
render thoroughly dry. 
desiccation (des-ik-a'shun). The act of drying 
up. electric d., the treatment of a tumor or 
other disease by drying up the part by the applica- 
tion of a monopolar electric current (short spark) 
of high frequency and high tension. DESICCATIVE 
324 
DETRUSOR URINZE 
desiccative (des'ik-at-iv). Causing to dry up. 
desiccator (des'ik-a-tor). A closed vessel for con- 
taining apparatus or chemicals that are to be kept 
free from moisture. 
desichthol (des-ik'thol). A volatile oil distilled 
from ichthyol: used in skin diseases. 
Desmarre's dacryoliths (da-marz') [Louis Au- 
gusta Desmarre, French oculist, 1810-1882]. See 
under dacryolith. 
desmectasia, desmectasis (des-mek-ta'se-ah, 
des-mek'ta-sis) [Gr. beanos ligament + eKraats 
stretching]. The stretching of a ligament. 
desmepithelium (des-mep-e-the'le-um) [Gr. beanos 
band + epithelium]. The dermal epithelium or 
endothelial lining of blood-vessels, lymphatics, 
and synovial membranes. 
desmitis (des-mi'tis) [Gr. beanos ligament + -iris 
inflammation]. Inflammation of a ligament. 
Desmobacteria (des"mo-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. beanos 
band 4- bacteria], The true bacteria, or bacilli. 
desmocyte (des'mo-slt) [Gr. beanos band + KVTOS 
cell]. A supporting tissue cell. 
desmocytoma (des-mo-si-to'mah). A tumor of 
desmocytes; a sarcoma. 
desmodynia (des-mo-din'e-ah) [Gr. beanos liga- 
ment + obwq pain]. Pain in a ligament. 
desmogenous (des-moj'en-us) [Gr. beanos ligament 
+ yevvav to produce]. Of ligamentous origin. 
desmography (des-mog'raf-e) [Gr. beanos ligament 
+ ypaqrq writing]. A description of the ligaments. 
desmohemoblast (des-mo-hem'o-blast) [Gr. beanos 
band + aqua blood + pAaaros germ]. Same as 
mesenchyme. 
desmoid (des'moid) [Gr. beanos band + e'Sosform]. 
1. Fibrous or fibroid. 2. A very hard and tough 
fibroma. 
desmology (des-mol'o-je) [Gr. beanos ligament + 
Aby os treatise]. 1. The science of the ligaments. 
2. The art of bandaging. 
desmoma (des-mo'mah) [Gr. beanos band + -una 
tumor]. A fibroma, or connective-tissue tumor. 
desmon (des'mon) [Gr. beanos band]. Amboceptor, 
desmoneoplasm (des-mo-ne'o-plazm) [Gr. beanos 
band + neoplasm], A neoplasm formed of con- 
nective tissue. 
desmopathy (des-mop'ath-e) [Gr. beanos band + 
traOos disease]. Any disease of the ligaments. 
desmopexia (des-mo-peks'e-ah) [Gr. beanos band 
+ irii^is fixation]. The operation of suturing the 
round ligaments to the abdominal wall or to the 
vaginal wall for the correction of uterine dis- 
placement. 
desmoplastic (des-mo-plas'tik). [Gr beanos band + 
irXctaaecv to form]. Producing or forming ad- 
hesions. 
desmopyknosis (des-mo-pik-no'sis) [Gr. beanos 
ligament + irvKvwats condensation]. Dudley's 
operation of shortening the round ligaments by 
fastening them to an oval denudation on the an- 
terior vaginal wall. 
desmorrhexis (des-mor-ek'sis) [Gr. beanos liga- 
ment + prj^LS rupture]. Rupture of a ligament. 
desmosis (des-mo'sis) [Gr. beanos band]. A disease 
of the connective tissue. 
desmotomy (des-mot'o-me) [Gr. beanos ligament 
+ ronv a cutting]. The anatomy of, or the cut- 
ting of, ligaments. 
Desnos' disease (da-noz') [Louis Joseph Desnos, 
French physician, 1828-1893]. Splenopneumonia. 
desoleolecithin (des-o"le-o-les'ith-in). One of the 
components, the other being oleic acid, into which 
lecithin is split by the action of cobra venom. 
desoxycholic acid (des-ox-e-ko'lik). See under 
acid. 
D'Espine's sign (des-penz') [Adolphe D'Espine, 
French physician]. See sign. 
despumation (des-pu-ma'shun) [L. de away + 
spu'ma froth]. The removal of froth or scum from 
the surface of a liquid. 
despyrin (des'pi-rin). A tartaric acid ester of sali- 
cylic acid: used like aspirin. 
desquamation (des-kwam-a'shun) [L. de from 4- 
squa'ma scale]. The shedding of epithelial ele- 
ments, chiefly of the skin, in scales or sheets, 
furfuraceous d., desquamation in bran-like 
scales, membranous d., desquamation in large 
sheets, siliquose d., the shedding from the 
skin of dried vesicles resembling siliques. 
desquamative, desquamatory (des'kwam-a-tiv, 
des-kwam'at-o-re). Associated with desquama- 
tion. 
dessertspoonful (dez-ert'-). A measure about 
equal to two fluidrams. 
desternalization (de-ster"nal-i-za'shun) [L. de 
from + sternum], Separation from the sternum. 
Destil. Abbreviation for L. destil'la, distil. 
destructive (des-truk'tiv). Causing or associated 
with destruction or loss of identity. 
desumvergence (de-sum-ver'jens). Same as de- 
orsumvergence. 
Desvoi'dea obtur'bans. A mosquito which trans- 
mits dengue. 
Det. Abbreviation for L. de'tur, let it be given. 
detergal (de-ter'gal). A proprietary liquid anti- 
septic soap containing thymol and cresylic acid. 
detergent (de-ter'jent) [L. deterge're to cleanse]. 
Purifying, cleansing; a purifying medicine. 
determinant (de-ter'min-ant) [L. determina're to 
bound, limit, or fix]. That which determines, 
fixes, or establishes something. In biology, a bio- 
phore or group of biophores inherited from some 
ancestor and having the special function of de- 
veloping in the descendant some particular char- 
acteristic of the ancestor. Cf. biophore. 
determination (de-ter-min-a'shun) [L. determina'- 
tio]. A tendency of the blood to collect in a part, 
sex d., the process by which the sex of an organism 
is fixed. 
determiner (de-ter'min-er). Same as determinant. 
dethyroidism (de-thi'roid-izm). Symptoms due 
to the removal of the thyroid. 
dethyroidized (de-thi'roi-dizd). Deprived of the 
thyroid gland. 
Det. in dup., Det. in 2 plo. Abbreviation for 
I,, de'tur in du'plo, let twice as much be given. 
detonation (de-to-na'shun) [L. de intensive + 
tona're to thunder]. Loudly explosive combus- 
tion. 
detorsion (de-tor'shun). The correction of a cur- 
vature or deformity. 
detoxicate (de-toks'ik-at). To remove the toxic 
quality of a substance. 
detoxicated (de-toks'ik-a-ted). Having the toxic 
or virulent quality removed from. 
detoxication, detoxification (de-toks-ik-a'shun, 
de-toks-if-ik-a'shun). Reduction of the toxic 
properties of poisons. 
detoxify (de-toks'if-i). Detoxicate. 
Detre's reaction (da'terz) [Ladislaus Detre, con- 
temporary Hungarian physician]. See under 
reaction. 
detrition (de-trish'un) [L. de away + ter'ere to 
wear], A wearing away, as of the teeth, by fric- 
tion. 
detritus (de-tri'tus) [L., from deter'ere to rub 
away]. The remains of any broken-down tissue. 
In dentistry, hard matter adhering to the surface 
of a tooth or to disintegrated tooth substance. 
detruncation (de-trun-ka'shun) [L. de off + 
trun'cus trunk]. Decapitation, or decollation; 
beheadal, chiefly of the fetus. 
detrusor urinse (de-tru'sor u-ri'ne) [LJ. The 
longitudinal muscle-fibers of the bladder. D. et s. Abbreviation for L. de'tur et signe'tur, let it 
be given and labeled. 
detubation (de-tu-ba'shun). Removal or extrac- 
tion of a tube. 
detuberculization (de"tu-ber-ku-liz-a'shun). Sys- 
tematic effort toward the eradication of tuber- 
culosis. 
detumescence (de-tu-mes'ens) [L. de down + 
tu'mere to swell]. Subsidence of swelling. 
deutencephalon (du-ten-sef'al-on) [Gr. bevrepos 
second + eyxe^aXos brain]. See thalamencephalon. 
deuteranomalopia (du"ter-an-om-al-o'pe-ah) [Gr. 
bevrepos second + av&paXos irregular + o^is 
vision]. A relative red vision in which less than the 
normal proportion of green is required to equate red 
to yellow. 
deuteranope (du'ter-an-6p). A person affected 
with deuteranopia. 
deuteranopia (du-ter-an-o'pe-ah) [L. deutero- + 
anopia], Von Kries' term for green-blindness, 
as indicating a defect in the second constituent 
necessary for color-vision. See protanopia and 
tritanopia. 
deutero- [Gr. bevrepos second]. A prefix meaning 
second. 
deutero-albumose (du"ter-o-al'bu-mos). See 
deuteroproteose. 
deuteroconidium (du"ter-o-ko-nid'e-um) [Gr. 
bevrepos second + conidium]. A reproductive 
element derived from a protoconidium. 
deutero-elastose (du"ter-o-e-las'tos). A product 
of the digestion of elastin; elastin peptone. 
deuterofibrinose (du"ter-o-fi'brin-6s). A pro- 
teolyte formed from blood-fibrin by digestion. 
deuteroglobulose (du"ter-o-glob'u-16s). One of 
the proteolytes formed in the digestion of para- 
globulin. 
deuteromyosinose (du"ter-o-mi-os'in-6s). An 
albumose derived from the digestion of myosin. 
deuteropathic (du"ter-o-path'ik). Occurring 
secondarily to some other disease. 
deuteropathy (du-ter-op'ath-e) [Gr. bevrepos sec- 
ond + it ados disease]. A disease that is secondary 
to another disease. 
deuteropin (du-ter-o'pin). An alkaloid, C20H21- 
O3N, from opium. 
deuteroplasm (du'ter-o-plazm) [Gr. bevrepos sec- 
ond + TrXaapa something formed]. The nutritive 
part of the yolk of an ovum. 
deuteroproteose (du"ter-o-pro'te-6s). One of 
the hydrolytic cleavage-products of a protein which 
is precipitated by complete saturation with am- 
monium sulphate. Called also secondary proteose 
and deutero-albumose. 
deuterotocia, deuterotoky (du"ter-o-to'se-ah, 
du-ter-ot'o-ke) [Gr. bevrepos second + tvkos 
birth]. Asexual reproduction in which the female 
produces offspring of both sexes. 
deuterotoxin (du"ter-o-toks'in). The second of 
the three groups into which toxins may be divided 
on the basis of their affinity for antitoxin. It has 
less affinity for antitoxin than has prototoxin and 
more than has tritotoxin. 
deuthyalosome (du-thi-al'o-som) [Gr. bevrepos 
second + vaXos glass + aupa body]. The ma- 
tured nucleus of an ovum. 
deutiodid (du-ti'o-did). An iodid which contains 
twice the .normal proportion of iodin. 
deutipara (du-tip'ar-ah). Same as secundipara. 
deutobromid (du-to-bro'mid). That one of two 
bromids of the same base which contains twice 
the amount of bromin which the other contains. 
deutochlorid (du-to-klo'rid). Any chlorid which 
contains twice the normal proportion of chlorin. 
deutomerite (du-to-me'rit) [Gr. bevrepos second + 
pepos portion]. The posterior portion of certain 
gregarine protozoa. 
D. ET S. 
325 
deutonephron (du-to-nef'ron) [Gr. bevrepos sec- 
ond + veippbs kidney]. The mesonephron or 
wolffian body. 
deutoplasm (du'to-plazm). See deuteroplasm. 
deutoscolex (du-to-sko'leks) [Gr. bevrepos second + 
scolex], A secondary scolex; the hydatid form of 
a tapeworm. 
deutospermatoblast (du-to-sper'mat-o-blast) 
[Gr. bevrepos second + oireppa seed + ^Xaorbs 
germ]. One of the cells into which the proto- 
spermatoblasts divide. The deutospermatoblasts 
form the spermatozoids. 
Deutsch's maneuver (doitshez) [Eugen Deutsch, 
German obstetrician, born 1866]. See under 
maneuver. 
Deutschmann's serum (doitsh'manz) [contem- 
porary German oculist]. See under serum. 
devascularization (de"vas-ku-lar-iz-a'shun). Re- 
moval of blood from a part; cutting off of the blood- 
supply from any part of the body. 
development (de-vel'op-ment). The process by 
which the egg becomes an adult. 
developmental (de-vel"op-men'tal). Pertaining 
to development. 
Deventer's diameter, pelvis (de-ven'terz) [Hen- 
drik Deventer, Dutch obstetrician, 1651-1724]. See 
diameter and pelvis. 
Devergie's disease (dev-er-zhez') [Marie Guil- 
laume Devergie, French physician, 1798-1879]. 
Pityriasis rubra pilaris. 
deviation (de-ve-a'shun) [L. devia're to turn aside]. 
A turning away from the regular standard or 
course, d. of complement, Neisser-Wechsberg 
phenomenon; when more amboceptors are intro- 
duced into the mixture than can be taken up by 
the bacteria, those that remain free are capable of 
combining with the complement that is present and 
thu= prevent a portion or all of the complement 
from acting on the amboceptor attached to the 
bacteria-i. e., the complement has been deviated 
or deflected from its natural course. (This phe- 
nomenon is not to be confounded with fixation of 
the complement and may be simply a zone phe- 
nomenon, q. v.) conjugate d., the deflection of 
two similar parts, as the. eyes, in the same direction 
at the same time, minimum d., the smallest de- 
flection of a ray of light that can be produced 
by a given prism, primary d., the displace- 
ment of the axis of the squinting eye in strabismus 
when the sound eye fixes, secondary d., that 
which affects the sound eye in strabismus while 
the squinting eye performs fixation, standard 
d., the measure of variability of a normal curve. 
It is found by multiplying the square of the devia- 
tion of each class from the mean or mode by the 
frequency of the class, adding together the products 
so obtained, dividing the number by the total 
number of variables, and extracting the square 
root of the result, strabismic d., the abnormal 
turning of the eye in strabismus, d. to the left, 
the existence of immature forms of white blood- 
cells. d. to the right, absence of immature 
forms of white blood-cells. 
deviometer (de-ve-om'et-er) [deviation + Gr. 
p'erpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the amount of deviation in strabismus. 
devisceration (de-vis-er-a'shun) [L. de away + 
vis'cus viscus]. The removal of viscera. 
devitalize (de-vi'tal-Iz) [L. de from + vi'ta life]. 
To deprive of vitality or of life. In dentistry, to 
destroy the vitality of dental pulp. 
devolution (dev-o-lu'shun) [L. de down 4- vol'- 
vere to roll]. 1. The reverse of evolution. 2. 
Catabolic change. 
devorative (dev'or-a-tiv) [L. devora're to devour]. 
Intended to be swallowed without chewing. 
De Vries' theory (de-vrez') [Hugo de Vries, botan- 
ist in Amsterdam, born 1848]. See theory of muta- 
tions. 
DE VRIES' THEORY dew-cure (du'kur). Kneippism: treatment by 
walking barefooted in the dew. 
dew-itch. See under itch. 
dew-point (du'point). The temperature of the 
atmosphere at which the moisture begins to be 
deposited as dew. 
Dewees' carminative, sign, tincture (de- 
wez') [William Potts Dewees, American obstetrician, 
1768-1841]. See carminative, sign, tincture. 
dexiocardia (deks"e-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. Serios on the 
right + Kapbia heart]. Transposition of the heart 
to the right side of the thorax. 
dexiotropic (deks"e-o-trop'ik) [Gr. Serios on the 
right -T tpbiros turning]. Wound in a spiral from 
left to right. 
dexter (deks'ter) [L.]. Situated on the right side. 
dextrad (deks'trad). Toward the right side or right 
hand. 
dextran (deks'tran). A gummy substance pro- 
duced from milk, beet-juice, molasses, etc., by 
the action of certain cocci. 
dextrase (deks'tras). A ferment which changes 
dextrose into lactic acid. 
dextraural (deks-traw'ral) [L. dex'ter right + au'ris 
ear]. Hearing better with the right ear than with 
the left. 
dextrimaltose (deks-tre-mawl'tos). A proprietary 
nutritive preparation used to supply the carbo- 
hydrate deficiency of cows' milk. 
dextrin (deks'trin) [L. dex'ter right]. A soluble carbo- 
hydrate (C8H10O5)n, into which starch is converted 
by diastase or by dilute acids. It is a white or 
yellowish powder, in aqueous solution forming 
mucilage. See achroodextrin and erythrodextrin. 
animal d., glycogen, liver d., a carbohydrate 
found in the liver, often in considerable amounts. 
dextrinase (deks'trin-as). A ferment of starch 
which converts the latter into isomaltose. 
dextrinate, dextrinize (deks'trin-at, deks'trin-iz). 
To convert into dextrin. 
dextrinuria (deks-trin-u're-ah) [dextrin + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of dextrin in the 
urine. 
dextrocardia (deks-tro-kar'de-ah). Same as dexio- 
cardia. 
dextrocardiogram (deks-tro-kar'de-o-gram) [L. 
dex'ter right + cardiogram]. A cardiogram repre- 
senting the right side of the heart. 
dextrocerebral (deks-tro-ser'eb-ral) [L. dex'ter right 
+ cer'ebrum brain]. Having the right hemisphere 
of the brain more active than the left. 
dextrococain (deks-tro-ko'ka-in). Same as iso- 
cocain. 
dextrocompound (deks-tro-kom'pound). A dex- 
trorotatory compound. 
dextrocular (deks-trok'u-lar). Right-reyed; af- 
fected with dextrocularity. 
dextrocularity (deks-trok-u-lar'it-e) [L. dex'ter 
right + oc'ulus eye]. The condition of having 
greater visual power in the right eye and, there- 
fore, using it more than the left. 
dextroduction (deks-tro-duk'shun) [L. dex'ter 
right + du'cere to draw]. Movement of either 
eye to the right. 
dextroform (deks'tro-form). A substance pre- 
pared from dextrin and formaldehyd: its solu- 
tions are useful in gonorrhea, empyema, and 
cystitis. 
dextrogyral, dextrogyre, dextrogyrate (deks- 
tro-ji'ral, deks'tro-jlr, deks-tro-ji'rat) [L. dex'ter 
right + gyra're to turn]. Same as dextrorotatory. 
dextrogyration (deks-tro-ji-ra'shun). A turning 
to the right; motion to the right: said of movements 
of the eye and of the plane of polarization. 
dextromanual (deks-tro-man'u-al) [L. dex'ter right 
+ ma'nus hand]. Right-handed. 
dextromenthol (deks-tro-men'thol). An oxida- 
tion-product of menthol. 
DEW-CURE 
326 
dextropedal (deks-trop'e-dal) [L. dex'ter right + 
pes foot]. Using the right leg in preference to the 
left. 
dextrophobia (deks-tro-fo'be-ah) [L. dex'ter right 
+ Gr. tpo^os fear]. Insane dread of objects on the 
right side of the body. 
dextrorotatory (deks-tro-ro'tat-o-re) [L. dex'ter 
right + rota're to turn]. Turning the plane of 
polarization, or rays of light, to the right. 
dextrosaccharin (deks-tro-sak'ar-in). A com- 
pound of glucose (1999 parts) and saccharin (1 
part). 
dextrose (deks'tros). Grape-sugar; a monosac- 
charid, CeHuOs, which rotates polarized light to 
the right. 
dextrosinistral (deks"tro-sin-is'tral) [L. dex'ter 
right + sinis'ter left]. Extending from right to 
left. 
dextrosuria (deks-tro-su're-ah) [dextrose + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of dextrose in the 
urine. 
dextrotorsion (deks-tro-tor'shun). A twisting to 
the right. 
dextro tropic, dextrotropous (deks-tro-trop'ik, 
deks-trot'ro-pus) [L. dex'ter right 4- Gr. rpbiros 
turning]. Turning to the right. 
dextroversion (deks-tro-ver'shun) [L. dex'ter right 
+ ve/tere to turn]. Version to the right side. 
dextro verted (deks-tro-ver'ted). Turned to the 
right. 
dezymotize (de-zim'o-tiz) [L. de priv. + Gr. ^vp-q 
leaven]. To deprive of ferments or of germs. 
dg. Abbreviation for decigram. 
dhad (dahd). An annoyipg disease of the skin of 
the waist, occurring in northern India. 
d'Herelle phenomenon (da-rel') [F. d'Herelle of 
the Pasteur Institute, Paris]. See phenomenon. 
D. Hg.,D. Hy. Abbreviation for Doctor of Hygiene. 
dhobie itch (do'be) [Hindoo "laundryman"]. See 
under itch. 
diabetes (di-ab-e'tez) [Gr. a syphon, from 
8la through + ^aivecv to go]. A disease marked 
by habitual discharge of an excessive quantity of 
urine, alimentary d., diabetes due to defective 
metabolism of the carbohydrates of the food. d. 
al ter'nans, diabetes in which albuminuria alter- 
nates with glycosuria, artificial d., puncture, or 
experimental, diabetes, azoturic d., diabetes 
with increase of urea in the urine, biliary d., 
Hanot's disease. See under disease, bronze d., 
diabetes attended by pigmentation of the skin and 
secreting organs, and with hepatic and pancreatic 
sclerosis; hemochromatosis, cerebral d., a form 
in which brain-sugar, or cerebrose, appears in the 
urine in place of glucose; cerebrosuria. composite 
d., that which is at first lipogenous, but afterward 
is marked by emaciation, conjugal d., dia- 
betes affecting both husband and wife. d. 
decip'iens, glycosuria with no excess in amount 
of urine or in the drinking of water, fat-d., 
a variety in which the patient becomes fat. 
gouty d., diabetes associated with the gouty 
diathesis, hydruric d., diabetes with excess of 
water in the urine, but no increase in the solid 
elements, d. in'nocens, a condition marked by 
the presence of glycosuria which is not associated 
with renal disease, d. inosi'tus, diabetes in which 
the sugar of the urine is inosite; inosituria. d. in- 
sip'idus, a chronic disease, marked by great 
thirst and the passage of a large amount of urine 
with no excess of sugar. It is often attended by 
voracious appetite, loss of strength, and emacia- 
tion. d. intermit'tens, diabetes mellitus in 
which sugar is absent during certain periods. 
Lancereaux's d., diabetes mellitus with 
marked emaciation and frequently associated with 
disease of the pancreas, lean d., a variety with 
marked emaciation, lipogenous d., diabetes 
with obesity, masked d., obesity without glyco- 
DIABETES suria: at a later stage it passes into diabetes melli- 
tus. d. melli'tus, a disease of metabolism 
marked by an abnormal amount of sugar in the 
blood (hyperglycemia) and by the passage of an 
excessive amount of urine (polyuria) containing an 
excessive amount of sugar (glycosuria). It is at- 
tended by thirst, enormous appetite, emaciation, 
and loss of strength: it may occur in a temporary 
form after the use of certain foods, with certain ner- 
vous diseases, and with congestion of the liver; but 
the disease is usually chronic and fatal, although 
in elderly people it may continue for some years. 
Mosier's d., inosituria with polyuria, neurog- 
enous d., a form which is due to disease of a 
nerve-center, pancreatic d., that which is as- 
sociated with disease of the pancreas, phlorid- 
zin d., a form produced by administering phlo- 
ridzin. phosphatic d., polyuria and polydipsia 
in which the urine is loaded with phosphates, 
puncture d., a form produced by puncturing 
the oblongata near the diabetic center, renal 
d., diabetes thought to be dependent on defec- 
tive renal function, temporary d., diabetes 
which lasts but a short time and is usually an 
epiphenomenon of some other disease, toxic 
d., diabetes due to a poison. 
diabeteserin (di-ab-e-tes'er-in). A combination 
of Trunecek's serum and cerin: used in arterial 
sclerosis. 
diabetic (di-ab-et'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with diabetes. 
diabetico (di-ab-et'ik-o). A drink for diabetics: 
alcohol, 8.25 per cent.; tartaric acid, 0.56 per cent.; 
phosphoric acid, 0.025 per cent.; glycerin, 0.82 per 
cent.; sulphuric acid, 0.036 per cent.; saccharin, 
0.023 per cent., etc. 
diabetid (di-ab-e'tid). A cutaneous manifesta- 
tion of diabetes. 
diabetifuge (di-ab-e'tif-uj) [diabetes + fuga're to 
put to flight]. A proprietary diabetes remedy con- 
taining manganese peroxid, sodium bicarbonate, 
antipyrin, uranium nitrate, and santonin. 
diabetin (di-ab-e'tin). Levulose: recommended 
as a safe sugar for use in diabetes; a proprietary 
name. 
diabetogenic (di-a-bet-o-jen'ik) [diabetes + Gr. 
yevvav to produce]. Producing diabetes. 
diabetogenous (di"ab-et-oj'en-us). Produced by 
diabetes. 
diabetograph (di-ab-e'to-graf) [diabetes + Gr. 
ypatpeiv to write]. An instrument in which urine 
is dropped into boiling Fehling's solution; a grad- 
uated scale with figures shows the proportion of 
glucose present. 
diabetol (di-ab-e'tol). A proprietary diabetes rem- 
edy advertised to the laity. 
diabetometer (di"ab-e-tom'et-er) [diabetes + Gr. 
per poo measure], A polariscope for use in esti- 
mating the percentage of sugar in urine. 
diabrosis (di-ab-ro'sis) [Gr. 3ia through + Ppuats 
eating]. Perforation resulting from a corrosive 
process; perforating ulceration. 
diabrotic (di-ab-rot'ik) [Gr. bia/dpcoriKos]. 1. Ul- 
cerative; caustic. 2. A corrosive or escharotic 
agent. 
diacele (di'as-el). See diacoele. 
diacetanilid (di"as-et-an'il-id). An acetanilid de- 
rivative, CeHsNXCO.CHs^: physiologically more 
active than acetanilid. 
diacetate (di-as'et-at). Any salt of diacetic acid, 
diacetemia (di"as-e-te'me-ah) [diacetic acid + Gr. 
al pa blood]. The presence of diacetic acid in the 
blood. 
diacetic acid (di-as-e'tik). See acid. 
diaceticaciduria (di"as-e"tik-as"id-u're-ah). 
Same as diaceturia or acetonuria. 
diacetin (di-as-e'tin). Glyceryl diacetate: C3Hs- 
(OH)(C2H3O2)2, an ester of glycerol and acetic 
acid. 
DIABETESERIN 
327 
diacetonuria (di-as"et-o-nu're-ah). Same as di- 
aceturia. 
diaceturia (di"as-e-tu're-ah) [diacetic acid + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The excretion of diacetic acid in the 
urine. 
diacetyl (di-as'et-il). A yellow liquid, CH3COCOC- 
H3, having a pungent, sweet odor. d. peroxid, 
a compound, CH3CO-O-O-COCH3: used in solution 
as an antiseptic. 
diacetylamidoazotoluene (di-as-e"til-am"id-o- 
a-zo-tol'u-en). Pellidol. 
diacetylmorphin (di-as-e"til-mor'fin). Same as 
heroin. 
diachorema (di-ak-o-re'mah). Feces. 
diachoresis (di-ak-Q-re'sis). Defecation. 
diachylon (di-ak'il-on) [Gr. 6ia through + xuXos 
juice]. Lead plaster, compound d., yellow 
d., galbanum plaster, d. ointment, mixture 
of olive oil and lead plaster. 
diacid (di'as-id) [Gr. bis twice + acid]. Having 
two replaceable hydrogen atoms; also, capable of 
saturating a dibasic acid, or two molecules of a 
monobasic acid. 
diaclasia, diaclasis (di-ak-la'ze-ah, di-ak'las-is) 
[Gr. 8ia through + kXclv to break]. A fracture, 
especially one made for a surgical purpose. 
diac last (di'ak-last). An instrument for perforating 
the fetal skull in craniectomy. 
diacoele, diacoelia (di-as-e'le, di-as-e'le-ah) [Gr. 
3ia between + xoiXia a hollow]. The third ven- 
tricle. 
diacrinous (di-ak'rin-us) [Gr. 8laKpiveov to sepa- 
rate]. Giving off secretion directly, as from a filter: 
said of gland-cells, as those of the kidney. Opposed 
to ptyocrinous. 
diacrisis (di-ak'ris-is) [Gr. btaKpoaos separation], 
i. Diagnosis. 2. A disease marked by a morbid 
state of the secretions. 3. A critical discharge or 
excretion. 
diacritic, diacritical (di-ah-krit'ik, di-ah-krit'- 
ik-al) [Gr. 61a apart + Kplveiv to judge]. Diag- 
nostic. 
diactinic (di-ak-tin'ik). Transmitting actinic rays, 
diactinism (di-akTin-izm) [Gr. 3id through + a kt is 
ray]. The property of transmitting chemically 
active rays. 
diad (di'ad). 1. Having a valency or combining 
power of two. 2. An element or radical which 
has a valency of two. 
diaderm (di'ad-erm) [Gr. 81a. throughout + beppa 
skin]. The blastoderm during that stage in which 
it consists of an ectoderm and an entoderm. 
diadochocinesia, diadochocinetic. See dia- 
dokokinesia and diadokokinetic. 
diadokokinesia (di-ah-dok"o-kin-e'se-ah) [Gr. 
bt-dboKos succeeding + Kivipns motion]. The 
function of arresting one motor impulse and substi- 
tuting for it one that is diametrically opposite. 
diadokokinetic (di-ah-do"ko-kin-et'ik). Pertain- 
ing to diadokokinesia. 
diagnose (di'ag-nbs). Same as diagnosticate. 
diagnosis (di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. boa apart + ■ypwais 
knowledge]. 1. The art of distinguishing one 
disease from another. 2. The determination of 
the nature of a case of disease, clinical d., diag- 
nosis based on the symptoms shown during life, 
irrespective of the morbid changes producing 
them, differential d., the distinguishing be- 
tween two allied diseases by contrasting their symp- 
toms. direct d., pathologic diagnosis by observ- 
ing structural lesions or pathognomonic symptoms, 
d. by exclusion, recognition of a disease by ex- 
cluding all other known diseases, group d., diag- 
nosis made by the combined efforts of an organized 
group of specialists acting as a unit, laboratory 
d., diagnosis made by examination of various body 
fluids and secretions in the laboratory, niveau 
DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTIC 
328 
DIAPEDESIS 
d. [Fr. " level diagnosis "], localization of the exact 
level of a lesion; as, for instance, of an interver- 
tebral tumor, pathologic d., diagnosis by ob- 
serving the structural lesions present, physical 
d., determination of disease by inspection, pal- 
pation, percussion, or auscultation, regional 
d., topographic d., diagnosis of the locality in 
which a lesion is situated, serum d., diagnosis 
by means of serums; serodiagnosis. tentative d., 
a diagnosis based upon the available sources of 
information, but subject to change. 
diagnostic (di-ag-nos'tik). Pertaining to or sub- 
serving diagnosis. 
diagnosticate (di-ag-nos'tik-at). To make a diag- 
nosis of; to recognize the nature of an attack of 
disease. 
diagnostician (di"ag-nos-tish'an). An expert in 
diagnosis. 
diagnosticum, Ficker's (di-ag-nos'tik-um). An 
emulsion of killed typhoid bacilli for use in the 
Widal reaction. 
diagrammatic (di"ag-ram-at'ik). Drawn to illus- 
trate a principle in anatomy, physiology, or em- 
bryology, rather than as an exact representation 
of nature. 
diagraph (di'ag-raf) [Gr. did across + ypaipecv to 
write]. An instrument for recording outlines: 
used in craniotomy, etc. 
diakinesis (di-ak-in-e'sis) [Gr. Sia through + 
KlvyaLs motion]. The segmented spirem stage of 
the spermatocyte. 
dial (di'al). A clock-face, astigmatic d., a 
diagram like the face of a watch used in testing for 
astigmatism. 
dial-Ciba (di-al-si'bah). A proprietary hypnotic, 
di-allyl-barbituric acid. 
diallyl (di-al'il). Any compound containing two 
allyl molecules, d. disulphid, an odorous prin- 
ciple, (CsHsjijSu, found in oil of garlic. 
dialurate (di-al'u-rat). A salt of dialuric acid. See 
acid. 
dialuric acid (di-al-u'rik). See acid. 
dialysate (di-al'is-at). A liquid that has been 
dialyzed. 
dialysis (di-al'is-is) [Gr. did through + \veiv to 
loose], i. The separation of substances from a 
mixture by their different diffusibility through 
porous membranes. 2. Solution of continuity. 
Abderhalden's d., Abderhalden's reaction. See 
under reaction. 
dialyzed (di'al-izd). Separated or prepared by 
dialysis. 
dialyzer (di'al-i-zer). Apparatus for effecting di- 
alysis. 
diamagnetic (di"ah-mag-net'ik) [Gr. did across 
+ payvys magnet]. Taking a position at right 
angles with the lines of magnetic influence. 
diamalt (di'am-awlt). A proprietary malt prep- 
aration. 
diameter (di-am'et-er). A straight line through a 
center, joining opposite points of a periphery, 
anteroposterior d. 1. (Of pelvic inlet.) That 
which joins the anteroposterior angle of the pelvic 
inlet; that which joins the sacrovertebral angle 
with the symphysis pubis. 2. (Of pelvic outlet.) 
Joins tip of coccyx to suprapubic ligament, 
anterotransverse d., temporal d., between 
tips of alas magnas. Baudelocque's d., the ex- 
ternal conjugate diameter of pelvis, biparietal 
d., joins the parietal eminences, bitemporal d., 
that which joins the extremities of the coronal 
suture, buccolingual d., the diameter of a 
tooth-crown from the buccal to the lingual surface, 
coccygeopubic d., the distance from the tip 
of the coccyx to the lower edge of the sym- 
physis pubis, conjugate d., the anteroposterior 
diameter of the pelvic inlet, craniometric d., 
any line connecting two craniometric points of the 
same name. Deventer's d., the oblique diam- 
eter of the pelvis, diagonal conjugate d., joins 
the sacrovertebral angle and subpubic ligament, 
external conjugate d., connects depression 
above spine of first sacral vertebra and middle 
of upper border of symphysis pubis, fetal cra- 
nial d's are the occipitomental, occipitofrontal, 
suboccipitobregmatic, cervicobregmatic, bipari- 
etal, bitemporal, and frontomentai. inferior 
longitudinal d., from foramen caecum to inter- 
nal occipital protuberances: called also sagittal 
d. intercristal d., the distance between the 
middle points of the iliac crests, internal con- 
jugate d., the diameter from the sacral promon- 
tory to the upper edge of the pubic symphysis, 
intertuberal d., the inner diameter of the pel- 
vis measured between the sciatic notches. Lbh- 
lein's d., the line between the center of the 
subpubic ligament and the superior interior 
angle of the great sacrosciatic foramen, men- 
toparietal d., from chin to vertex, occip- 
itofrontal d., joins the root of the nose 
and occipital prominence, occipitomental d., 
joins the external occipital protuberance and 
the chin, parietal d., posterotransverse d., 
between tuberosities of parietal bones, pelvic d., 
any diameter of the pelvis, sagittal d., from 
glabella to external occipital protuberance, su- 
perior sagittal d., between middle of internal 
crest of frontal bone and superior linea cruciata of 
occipital, trachelobregmatic d., joins the 
center of the anterior fontanel and junction of neck 
with floor of mouth, transverse d. of pelvic 
inlet, connects the two most widely separated 
points of pelvic inlet, transverse d. of pelvic 
outlet, joins the ischial tuberosities, true con- 
jugate d., connects sacrovertebral angle with the 
middle of most prominent part of posterior aspect 
of symphysis pubis, vertical d., between fora- 
men magnum and vertex. 
diamid, diamide (di'am-id). A double amid. i. 
A compound which contains two amido groups. 
2. Hydrazin. 
diamido-. A prefix indicating the possession of 
two amido groups. 
diamin, diamine (di-am'in) [L. di two + amin]. i. 
A compound which contains two amino groups. 
2. Hydrazin sulphate, H2SO4.H2N.H2N.NH2.NH2.- 
H2SO4; a poisonous germicide in colorless crystals. 
diamino-acids. Acids containing two amino, 
NH2, groups. 
diamino-acridin (di-am"in-o-ak'rid-in). See pro- 
flavine. 
diaminodiphosphatid. A phosphatid contain- 
ing two atoms of nitrogen and two of phosphorus to 
the molecule. 
diaminomonophosphatid. A phosphatid con- 
taining two atoms of nitrogen and one of phos- 
phorus to the molecule. 
diaminotrihydroxydodecanoic acid. See un- 
der acid. 
diaminuria (di-am-in-u're-ah). The presence of 
diamins in the urine. 
diamorphin (di-am-or'fin). Same as heroin. 
diamorphosis (di-ah-mor-fo'sis). Growth into nor- 
mal shape. 
diamylene (di-am'il-en). Same as dipentene. 
dianol (di-an'ol). A lactate of glycerin, used as a 
cauterizant in throat and nose affections. 
diapalma (di-ah-pal'mah). A drying plaster made 
of white wax, diachylon plaster, and sulphate of zinc. 
diaparaffin (di-ap-ar'af-in). A combination of dia- 
malt and paraffin: given for the laxative effect of 
the paraffin. 
diapason (di-ah-pa'son) [Gr. did through + iraawv 
all], A tuning-fork: used in the diagnosis of ear 
troubles. 
diapedesis (di"ah-pe-de'sis) [Gr. did through + 
-n-qSav to leap]. The passage of blood or of leu- 
kocytes through the unruptured walls of vessels. Diameters: i, diameters of pelvic brim with transverse iliac diameters; 2, fetal skull from in 
front, and 3, from the side, showing diameters (Dickinson). DIAPHANE 
diaphane (di'af-an) [Gr. 8ca(pawqs transparent]. 
1. The investing membrane of a cell. 2. A minute 
electric lamp for use in transillumination. 
diaphaneity (di-af-an-e'it-e). Transparency. 
diaphanometer (di"a-fa-nom'et-er) [Gr. 8ta<pavr]s 
translucent + perpov measure]. An instrument 
for testing milk, urine, and other fluids by means 
of transmitted light. 
diaphanometry (di"af-an-om'et-re). The meas- 
urement of the transparency of a fluid. 
diaphanoscope (di-af-an'o-skop) [Gr. 5ia through 
+ aKoirelv to view]. An instrument for illumi- 
nating a body-cavity and rendering it visible. 
diaphanoscopy (di"af-an-oszko-pe). Examination 
with the diaphanoscope. 
diaphant (di'af-ant). A mixture of cocoa, sugar 
of milk, salep, and powdered lodestone, used in 
x-ray work instead of bismuth. 
diaphemetric (di"af-e-met'rik) [Gr. Sid through 
4- a<pf) touch + perpov measure]. Pertaining to 
the measurement of tactile sensibility. 
diapherin (di-af'er-in). A crystalline compound 
used in surgery as a powerful antiseptic. 
diaphoresis (di"af-o-re'sis) [Gr. Sid through -|- 
tpepetv to carry]. Perspiration, and especially 
profuse perspiration. 
diaphoretic (di"af-o-ret'ik). 1. Stimulating the 
secretion of sweat. 2. A medicine that increases 
the perspiration, sedative d., one that acts by 
dilating the cutaneous vessels, such as the car- 
diac sedatives and nauseants. 
diaphragm (di'af-ram) [Gr. did across + <ppaypa 
wall]. 1. The musculomembranous partition that 
separates the abdomen from the thorax. 2. Any 
thin septum. 3. A disk with one or more open- 
ings in it mounted in front of a lens to shut off 
part of the light from it. Bucky d., Buck- 
Potter d., a diaphragm for roentgenography, 
which will prevent the secondary rays from reach- 
ing the plate, thereby securing better contrast and 
definition, pelvic d., diaphragma pelvis, uro- 
genital d., the triangular ligament of the 
perineum. 
diaphragma (di-af-rag'mah) [B N A]. L. for dia- 
phragm. d. pelvis [B N A], the portion of the 
floor of the pelvis formed by the levatores ani 
muscles, d. sel'lae [B N A], a ring-shaped fold 
of dura mater covering the pituitary fossa, and con- 
taining an aperture for the infundibulum, d. 
urogenita'le [B N A], the triangular ligament of 
the pelvis. 
diaphragmalgia (di"a-frag-marje-ah) [diaphragm 
+ aXyos pain]. Pain in the diaphragm. 
diaphragmatic (di"af-rag-mat'ik). Pertaining to 
or of the nature of a diaphragm, d. phenom- 
enon. See phenomenon. 
diaphragmatitis, diaphragmitis (di"af-rag-ma- 
ti'tis, di"af-rag-mi'tis). Inflammation of the 
diaphragm. 
diaphragmatocele (di"af-rag-mat'o-sel) [dia- 
phragm -f- Gr. hernia]. Diaphragmatic her- 
nia. 
diaphragmodynia (di"af-rag-mo-din'e-ah) [dia- 
phragm + Gr. 68vvt) pain]. Pain in the dia- 
phragm. 
diaphtherin (di-afzthe-rin). Oxyquinaseptol, a 
yellow powder derived from coal-tar, and com- 
posed of two molecules of oxyquinolin and one 
of aseptol. It is used as an antiseptic in solu- 
tions of from 0.5 to 2 per cent. 
diaphtol (di-af'tol). Quinaseptol, ortho-oxyquin- 
olin-metasulphonic acid, OH.C9H5N.SO2.OH, a 
quinolin derivative in yellowish crystals: antiseptic 
and antirheumatic. 
diaphysary (di-af'iz-a-re). Pertaining to or affect- 
ing the shaft of a bone. 
diaphysis (di-af'is-is) [Gr. 3ia apart 4- pceio to 
grow]. Any shaft of a long bone. 
329 
diaphy sitis (di"af-is-i'tis). Inflammation of a 
diaphysis. 
diaplex, diaplexus (di'ap-leks, di-ah-pleks'us). 
The choroid plexus of the third ventricle. 
diaplexal (di-ap-leks'al). Pertaining to the dia- 
plex. 
diapnoic (di-ap-no'ik) [Gr. 8ia through + Tri-ei^ 
to breathe]. Pertaining to or causing mild per- 
spiration. 
diapophysis (di-ap-of'is-is) [Gr. 3ia apart + a/n-otp- 
vais outgrowth]. The superior or articular part 
of a transverse process of a vertebra. 
diapyetic (di"ah-pi-et'ik). Promoting suppura- 
tion.- 
diarhemia, diarrhaemia (di-ar-e'me-ah) [Gr. 
Siappeiv to flow through]. A watery condition of 
the blood occurring in sheep infested with para- 
sites. 
diarrhea, diarrhoea (di-ar-e'ah) [Gr. 8ia through 
+ pelv to flow]. Abnormal frequency and liquid- 
ity of fecal discharges (Hippocrates), d. al'ba, a 
disease of hot countries, affecting children espec- 
ially. It is thought to be of filarial origin, cach- 
ectic d., that which is due to some constitutional 
disease, choleraic d., acute diarrhea with serous 
stools, accompanied by vomiting and collapse, d. 
chylo'sa, diarrhea in which the discharge con- 
sists of a yellowish-white, mucopurulent sub- 
stance. Cochin-Chinad., psilosis. crapulous 
d., that due to excess in eating or drinking, 
critical d., diarrhea occurring at the crisis of a 
disease or producing a crisis, dissecting-room 
d., severe diarrhea caused by exposure to the 
effluvia of a dissecting-room, dysenteric d., 
diarrhea with mucous and bloody stools, fer- 
mental d., fermentative d., diarrhea caused 
by fermentation due to microorganisms, flagel- 
late d., diarrhea marked by the presence of 
flagellate organisms in the stools, gastrogenic 
d., diarrhea due to gastric disorder, hill-d., a 
severe type of chronic intestinal catarrh peculiar to 
hot climates and occurring only at elevations of 
several thousand feet: named from the hill- 
districts of India. By some it is considered to be 
identical with sprue, irritative d., diarrhea due 
to irritation of the intestine by improper food, poi- 
sons, purgatives, etc. lienteric d., diarrhea with 
fluid stools containing undigested food, mechan- 
ical d., diarrhea due to mechanical obstruction to 
the portal circulation, producing gastro-intestinal 
hyperemia, morning d., a condition marked by 
diarrhea in the morning only, mucous d., a 
kind characterized by the presence of mucus in 
stools, d. pancreat'ica, the diarrhea that 
accompanies parenchymatous degeneration or 
cystic disease of the pancreas, serous d., dis- 
charge of feces softened by copious serous fluid. 
Stercoral d., diarrhea accompanied by colic and 
following two or three days of constipation, 
summer d., acute diarrhea in children during 
great heat of summer, trench d., a form of 
diarrhea and dysentery occurring in troops in 
the trenches, tropical d. See sprue (2d. 
def.), tubercular d., a variety of diarrhea pe- 
culiar to cases of tuberculosis, tubular d. See 
mucous colitis, under colitis, d. urino'sa, poly- 
uria. vicarious d., that which is due to the 
impairment or suppression of some function, 
watery d. Same as serous d. white d., a 
form in which the stools contain a thin, white 
mucus. 
diarsenol (di-ar'se-nol). A British preparation 
similar to salvarsan. sodium d., a brand of 
sodium arsphenamin. 
diarsenolized (di-ar'sen-ol-izd). Treated with or 
impregnated with diarsenol. 
diarthric (di-ar'thrik). Pertaining to two joints. 
diarthrosis (di-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. 3ia through 4- 
apOpwacs joint]. A joint freely movable in any 
direction, like the shoulder- or the hip-joint, d. 
rotato'ria, a joint with pivot-like mobility. 
DIARTHROSIS DIARTICULAR 
330 
DIAZIN 
diarticular (di-ar-tik'u-lar). Pertaining to two 
joints. 
diaschisis (di-as'kis-is) [Gr. 81a. apart 4- axi^eiv 
to split]. Monakow's term for a loss of functional 
continuity between the various centers or neuron 
tracts, constituting one of the cerebral mechan- 
isms. 
diascope (di'as-kop) [Gr. 61a. through 4" ffKoireiv to 
view]. A glass plate pressed against the skin for 
observing the anatomic changes other than those 
of congestion. 
diaspirin (di-as'pir-in). A white, crystalline powder, 
the succinic acid ester of salicylic acid, CO2H.- 
(CH2)2.CO2.CeH4.CO2H: used as a diaphoretic. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
diastalin (di-as'tal-in). A digestant preparation 
of pepsin, caroid, hydrochloric acid, nux vomica, 
etc. 
diastalsis (di-as-tal'sis) [Gr. Sia through 4- araXais 
contraction]. The forward movement of the 
contents of the intestine. 
diastaltic (di-as-tal'tik) [Gr. 61a apart 4* areXXeiv 
to send]. Performed reflexly through the medium 
of the spinal cord. 
diastase (di'as-tas) [Gr. Siaaravai to separate]. A 
white, amorphous, soluble solid produced during 
the germination of seeds, and contained in malt. 
It converts starch into dextrose and glucose, pan- 
creatic d., a ferment obtained from the pan- 
creatic secretions and given for indigestion, taka- 
d. See taka-diastase. 
diastasemia (di"as-ta-se'me-ah) [Gr. Siaaraais 
separation 4- aipa blood]. The dissociation of 
the elements of the red blood-corpuscles. 
diastasic, diastatic (di-as-ta'sik, di-as-tat'ik). 
Pertaining to diastase or to diastasis. 
diastasimetry (di"as-ta-sim'et-re). The estima- 
tion of the diastatic power of a substance. 
diastasis (di-as'tas-is) [Gr. Siaaraffis]. 1. The 
separation of an epiphysis from the body of a 
bone without a fracture. 2. The fracture of a 
bone at the place of junction of an epiphysis, d. 
rec'ti abdom'inis, separation of the recti mus- 
cles of the abdomen away from the median line, 
sometimes occurring in pregnancy and after ab- 
dominal operations. 
diastasum (di-as-ta'sum). Diastase. 
diastatic (di-as-tat'ik). 1. Pertaining to diastase. 
2. Pertaining to diastasis. 
diastema (di-as-te'mah), pl. diastem'ata [Gr. 3ia- 
a space]. A space or cleft. In dentistry, a 
space between the teeth, particularly the space 
between the canine and the lateral teeth of the 
upper jaw into which the lower canine closes. 
diastematocrania (di-as-tem"at-o-kra'ne-ah) [Gr. 
Siaarripa fissure 4- epaviov cranium]. Congenital 
longitudinal fissure of the cranium. 
diastematomyelia (di-as-tem"at-o-mi-e'le-ah) 
[Gr. Sidar^pa fissure 4- pvtXos marrow]. Con- 
genital separation of the lateral halves of the 
spinal cord. 
diastematopyelia (di-as-tem"at-o-pi-e'le-ah) [Gr. 
Siaar-ppa separation 4* irveXos pelvis]. Congenital 
median fissure of the pelvis. 
diaster (di'as-ter) [Gr. 61a twice 4- aarrip star]. 
The double-star figure formed in karyokinesis. 
diastin (di-as'tin). A form of diastase. 
diastoid (di'as-toid). A proprietary dry malt 
preparation. 
diastol (di'as-tol). A proprietary peptone prepara- 
tion. 
diastole (di-as'to-le) [Gr. 3ia apart 4- areWeiv to 
send]. The dilatation or stage of dilatation of the 
heart, and especially that of the ventricles, reflex 
d., the development of a red line which in a few 
seconds changes to a white line when the end of a 
pen-holder is passed firmly over the skin. Called 
also reflex vasodilatation. 
diastolic (di-as-tol'ik). Of or pertaining to the 
diastole. 
diastomyelia (di-as-to-mi-e'le-ah). Diastemato- 
myelia. 
diataxia (di-at-ak'se-ah) [Gr. 3i two 4- ataxia]. 
Ataxia affecting both sides of the body, cerebral 
d., d. cerebra'lis infanti lis, the ataxic form 
of cerebral birth palsy. 
diatela, diatele (di-at-e'lah, di'at-el). The roof 
of the third ventricle. 
diaterma (di-ah-ter'mah) [Gr. 3ia between + 
rep pa end], A portion of the floor of the third 
ventricle. 
diathermal (di-ah-ther'mal). Same as diather- 
manous. 
diathermanous (di-ah-ther'man-us) [Gr. 
through + Oeppalvew to warm]. Admitting the 
passage of heat-rays. 
diathermia (di-ath-er'me-ah). Diathermy. 
diathermy (di'ath-er-me) [Gr. 6la through + Or] ppi] 
heat]. The generation of heat in the body tissues 
due to the resistance offered by the tissues to high- 
frequency electric currents forced through them. 
diathesin (di-ath'es-in). A bitter crystalline com- 
pound, ortho oxybenzyl alcohol, OH.C6H4.CH2OH, 
soluble in water. It is antipyretic and anodyne, 
and is used like the salicylates. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.33-0.98 gm.). 
diathesis (di-ath'es-is) [Gr. SiaOevai to dispose]. 
Natural or congenital predisposition to a special 
disease, aneurysmal d., liability to formation 
of multiple aneurysms, asthenic d., a low state 
of general vitality, bilious d., a tendency toward 
imperfect elimination of bile, catarrhal d., 
special liability to catarrhal diseases, contrac- 
tural d., a hysteric tendency to contractures, 
cystic d., a tendency to the development of 
multiple cysts in an organ, dartrous d., 
rheumic d., predisposition to eczema, herpes, 
and other skin diseases, exudative d., a diath- 
esis marked by thickening of the lingual mucous 
membrane, seborrhea of the scalp, prurigo, inter- 
trigo, severe itching, and glandular enlargements, 
furuncular d. See furunculosis, gouty d., pre- 
disposition to gout, hemorrhagic d., liability 
to serious hemorrhage from slight causes, ino- 
pectic d., a bodily predisposition to embolism 
and thrombosis, insane d., a natural predis- 
position to insanity, neuropathic d., a con- 
genital predisposition to nervous instability, 
psychopathic d., neuropathic diathesis, rheu- 
matic d., predisposition to rheumatism, spas- 
modic d., spasmophilic d., spasmophilia; a 
condition of abnormal excitability of the peripheral 
motor nerves, tending to tetany and general con- 
vulsions. strumous d., predisposition to scrof- 
ulous or tuberculous disease, tuberculous d., 
special liability to the acquisition of tuberculosis, 
uric-acid d., a tendency to the collection of uric 
acid and urates in the tissues, resulting in gout, 
rheumatism, diabetes, etc., varicose d., a ten- 
dency to the formation of varicose veins. 
diathetic (di-ath-et'ik). Of or pertaining to a 
diathesis. 
diatom (di'at-om). Any unicellular microscopic 
form of Alga having a wall of silica. 
diatomic (di-at-om'ik) [Gr. Sis two 4- aropos atom]. 
1. Made up of two atoms. 2. Having two re- 
placeable hydrogen atoms. 
diatussin (di-at-us'in). A proprietary remedy for 
the treatment of whooping-cough. 
diaxon, diaxone (di-aks'6n) [Gr. Sis two 4- axon]. 
A nerve-cell having two axons or axis-cylinder 
processes. 
diazellose (di-az-el'os). A hemicellulose prepara- 
tion from agar-agar: used as a cathartic and anti- 
diabetic. 
diazin (di-az'in). A compound containing a ring of 
four carbon and two nitrogen atoms. DIAZO-. 
331 
DICLIDOTOMY 
diazo-. A prefix indicating possession of the group 
-N2-. 
diazobenzene (di-az"o-ben'zen). A univalent or- 
ganic radical, C6H5N2. 
diazo-compound (di-az"o-kom'pound). See under 
compound. 
diazoma (di-az-o'mah). The diaphragm. 
diazonal (di-ah-zo'nal). Situated across or lying 
across a sclerozone. 
diazo-reaction (di-az'o-). See reaction, Ehrlich's. 
diazosulphobenzol (di-az"o-sul"fo-ben'zol). A 
substance which acts upon certain principles in 
the urine to form anilin colors. 
diazotize (di-az'o-tiz). To introduce the diazo 
"group into a compound. 
diazyme (di'az-im). A proprietary liquid said to 
contain the amylolytic enzyme of the pancreas 
free of trypsin and lipase. It is used for deficient 
starch digestion. Dose, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
dibasic (di-ba'sik) [Gr. 81$ twice 4* 0aai$ base]. 
Containing two hydrogen atoms replaceable by 
bases; also containing two equivalents or mole- 
cules of a base. 
diblastula (di-blas'tu-lah) [Gr. 81$ two -f- blas- 
tula]. A blastula in which the ectoderm and 
entoderm are both present. 
Dibothryocephalus (di-both-re-o-sef'al-us). A 
genus of tapeworms. Called also Bothriocephalus 
and Diphyllobothrium. D. corda'tus, the heart- 
headed tapeworm. A small species found in dogs 
and in seals in Greenland and only once in man. 
D. la'tus, a very large tapeworm found in the 
intestines of man and (somewhat smaller) in cats 
and dogs. It may be J inch wide and 20 feet long. 
The head is marked with two grooves or suckers 
(bothridia). It has two hosts. The first is prob- 
ably a mollusk, the second is a fish, and by eating 
inadequately cooked fish man is infected. Several 
species of fish harbor the plerocercoid or infective 
stage, viz., the pike, the perch, the salmon, the 
trout, and millur thumb. D. parvus, a species 
found in Australia. 
dibromid (di-bro'mid). Any bromid which com- 
bines two atoms of bromin with one of another 
element or radical. 
dibromin (di-bro'min). A white, crystalline com- 
pound, dibro-malomyl-ureide, C4Br3N2H20s: used 
as a germicide. 
dibromogallic acid (di-bro-mo-gal'ik). Same as 
gallobromol. 
dibromoketone (di-brom-o-ke'ton). CH3.CO.- 
CHBr.CH2Br, a war gas. 
dibutyl (di-but'il). A hydrocarbon, C8H18, oc- 
curring in mineral oil. 
dicacodyl (di-kak'o-dil). A colorless, poisonous 
compound, (CH3)2AsAs(CH3)2, formed by the ac- 
tion of zinc on cacodyl chlorid. 
dicalcic (di-kal'sik). Having in each molecule 
two atoms of calcium. 
dicamphendion (di-kam-fen'de-on). A substance, 
(C10H14O)2, obtained by the action of metallic 
sodium upon bromocamphor, dicamphor being 
produced at the same time. 
dicamphor (di-kam'for). A principle in color- 
less needles, (C10H15O)2, produced at the same 
time and from the same materials as dicamphen- 
dion. 
dicarbonate (di-kar'bo-nat). Same as bicarbonate. 
dicelous, dicoelous (di-se'lus) [Gr. 81- two 4- 
kooXos hollow]. 1. Hollowed on both sides. 2 
Having two cavities. 
dicephalous (di-sef'al-us). Having two heads, 
dicephalus (di-sef'al-us) [Gr. 81$ twice 4- KetpaXr/ 
head], A monster-fetus with two heads. 
dichloralantipyrin (di-klo"ral-an-ti-pi'rin). A 
crystalline agent, CnHi2N2O.2CC13CH(OH)2, 
formed by the trituration of antipyrin with chloral 
hydrate. It is hypnotic and analgesic. Maxi- 
mum dose, 45 gr. (3 gm.). 
dichloramin-T (di-klor-am'in-te). Toluene-p- 
sulphondichloramid, CH3.CeH4.SO2.NCl2, a yellow- 
ish-white, crystalline substance. It is a strong 
germicide and is used in oily solution in the treat- 
ment of wounds by spraying upon the wound sur- 
faces or by pouring into deep wounds. 
dichlordie thylsulphid (di-klor-di-eth-il-sul'fid). 
Mustard gas, (CH2C1CH2)2S; a vesicant gas em- 
ployed in the Great War. It produces blistering 
and subsequent sloughing of the skin, eyes, and 
respiratory tract. Death results from broncho- 
pneumonia. Called also yperite. 
dichlordioxydiamido-arsenobenzol (di-klor- 
di-ox"e-di-am"id-o-ar"sen-o-ben'zol). Salvarsan. 
dichlorethylarsin (di-klo-reth-il-ar'sin). See eth- 
yldichlorarsin. 
dichlorhydrin (di-klor-hi'drin). A colorless fluid, 
CH2Cl.CHOH.CH2Q: used as a solvent for resins 
and prepared by heating anhydrous glycerin with 
sulphur monochlorid. 
dichlorid, dichloride (di-klo'rid). A combination 
of a base with two atoms of chlorin. 
dichlormethane (di-klor-meth'an). Methylene 
bichlorid, CH2C12. 
dichlormethylether (di-klor-meth-il-e'ther). A 
form of mustard gas used in warfare, (CH2C1)2O. 
dichlorodiethylsulfid. Mustard gas, (CH2- 
C1CH2)2S, a lethal and vesicating war gas. 
dichlorodivinylchloroarsin. (CHC1.CH)2AsC1. 
A lethal war gas. 
dichloro-urea (di-klo"ro-u-re'ah). A white pow- 
der, a derivative of urea, formed when chlorin is 
passed into a cold saturated aqueous solution of 
• urea. 
dichogeny (di-koj'en-e) [Gr. 8lxa in two + yevvav 
to produce]. Development of tissues in different 
ways in accordance with changes in conditions 
affecting them. 
dichotomy, dichotomization (di-kot'o-me, di- 
kot"o-mi-za'shun) [Gr. 8lxa. twofold + re/aoeLv to 
cut]. 1. A process of division into two parts. 2. 
A division of a consultant's fee between the gen- 
eral practitioner and the consultant. 
dichroic (di-kro'ik). Exhibiting dichroism. 
dichroism (di'kro-izm) [Gr. 81$ double 4* xpoa 
color]. The quality or condition of presenting 
one color in reflected and another in transmitted 
light. 
dichromasy (di-kro'mas-e). Ability to perceive 
but two colors. 
dichromat (di'kro-mat). A person who can dis- 
tinguish only two of the primary colors. 
dichromatic (di-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. bis twice 4- 
XP&pa color]. Seeing only two colors. 
dichromatopsia (di-kro-mat-op'se-ah). Ability to 
distinguish only two of the primary colors. 
dichromic (di-kro'mik) [Gr. 81$ twice + xp&pa 
color]. Distinguishing only two colors. 
dichromophil, dichromophile (di-kro'mo-fil). 
Doubly staining; taking both acid and basic dyes. 
dichromophilism (di-kro-mof'il-izm) [Gr. 81$ twice 
+ xp&pa c°l°r + <pi\eiv to love]. Capacity for 
double staining. 
dicinchonicin (di-sin-kon'is-in). An alkaloid, C38- 
H44O2N4, formed from cinchonin. 
dicinchonin (di-sin-ko'nin) [Gr. 81$ double + cin- 
chonin]. One of the cinchona alkaloids, C38H44O2- 
N4. 
dicliditis (dik-lid-i'tis) [Gr. 8ikX18c$ valves 4~ 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of a valve, 
especially of one of the heart-valves. 
diclidostosis (dik-lid-os-to'sis) [Gr. 8ik\18c$ valve 
4- bcrreov bone]. Ossification Of the valves of the 
veins. 
diclidotomy (dik-lid-ot'o-me) [Gr. SucXiSes valve 
4- roap cut]. The cutting of a valve, especially 
of the rectal valve or fold. DICCELOUS 
332 
DI ETHYLMALONYLUREA 
dicoelous (di-se'lus). Dicelous. 
diconchinin (di-kon'kin-in). Same as dicinchonin. 
dicoria (di-ko're-ah) [Gr. 61- double + Kopq pupil]. 
Doubleness of the pupil. 
dicroceliasis, dicrocoeliasis (dik-ro-se-li'as-is). 
Infection with dicroccelium. 
Dicrocoe'lium lancea'tum. A lancet-shaped 
fluke infesting the liver of cattle and sheep in 
Europe and northern Africa. It has been found in 
the human liver. 
dicrotalin (di-kro'tal-in). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of rattlesnake venom: used hypodermically in 
epilepsy, hay-fever, bronchial asthma, etc. 
dicrotic (di-krot'ik) [Gr. bucporos beating double]. 
Having or pertaining to a double beat, as of the 
pulse. 
dicrotism (dik'ro-tizm). The occurrence of a 
double pulse-wave in each arterial beat. 
dictyoma (dik-ti-o'mah). Same as diktyoma. 
dicystein (di-sis-te'in). Cystin. 
dicytosis (di-si-to'sis) [Gr. bis twice + kvtos cell]. 
The condition of the blood with regard to the 
number of both mononuclear and polynuclear 
leukocytes. 
didactic (di-dak'tik) [Gr. SiSaxriKos]. Teaching by 
theory and precept rather than by practice. 
didactylism (di-dak'til-izm) [Gr. bls twice + ba.K- 
rvXos finger]. The congenital quality of having 
only two digits on one hand or foot. 
didelphic (di-del'fik) [Gr. bls twice + beXtpbs 
uterus]. Pertaining to a double uterus. 
didermoma (di-der-mo'mah). Same as bidermoma. 
didym (dld'im). A proprietary liquid preparation 
said to be -a by-product of the preparation of 
incandescent mantles: it contains didymium, 
cerium, sodium, and magnesium. 
didymalgia (did-im-al'je-ah) [Gr. blbvpos testis + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in a testicle. 
didymin (did'im-in). A dry extract of bulls' tes- 
ticles. Aphrodisiac dose, 5 gr. (0.3 gm.); in larger 
doses it is hypnotic. 
didymitis (did-im-i'tis) [Gr. blbvpos testis + -iris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the testicle; orchitis. 
didymium (di-dim'e-um). A rare metal, symbol, 
Di, from various earths, now recognized as a mix- 
ture of neodymium and praseodymium. Its 
chlorid is a non-caustic disinfectant, and one of the 
most effective of known antiseptic agents. The 
sulphate is also antiseptic. d. salicylate, 
dymal. 
didymodynia (did"im-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. blbvpos tes- 
tis + bbvvq pain]. Pain in a testicle. 
didymus (did'im-us) [Gr. blbvpos twin], A 
testicle. 
Dieb. alt. Abbreviation for L. die'bus alter'nis, 
on alternate days. 
Dieb. tert. Abbreviation for L. die'bus ler'tius, 
every third day. 
diechoscope (di-ek'o-skop) [Gr. bi- twice + 
echo + ffKoireiv to examine]. An instrument for 
the simultaneous perception of two different 
sounds in auscultation. 
diecious (di-e'shus). See dioecious. 
Dieffenbach's operation (de'fen-bahks) [Johann 
Friedrich Dieffenbach, Prussian surgeon, 1795- 
1847]. See operation. 
dielectric (di-e-lek'trik). Transmitting electric 
effects by induction, but not by conduction. 
dielectrolysis (di"el-ek-trol'is-is) [Gr. 61a. through 
+ electrolysis]. Electrolysis of a drug, the cur- 
rent being passed through a diseased portion of 
the body, so that the drug passes through the part. 
diencephalon (di-en-sef'al-on) [B N A]. Same as 
thalamencephalon. 
Diendamoe'ba frag'ilis. An intestinal ameba 
characterized by having a duplicate nuclear system 
(Jepps and Dobell). 
Dientamoe'ba. Same as Diendamoeba. 
die-plate (di-plat). A plate of metal containing 
dies for forming the cusps on shell-crowns. 
diesophagus, dioesophagus (di-e-sof'ag-us). 
Doubling of the esophagus. 
diestrum (di-es'trum). See dioestrum. 
diet (di'et) [Gr. bla.tr a]. The customary allowance 
of food and drink taken by any person from day 
to day. Diets are classified as broth diet, com- 
mon diet, fish diet, full diet, generous diet, half 
diet, low diet, liquid diet, meat diet, milk diet, 
mixed diet, soft diet, solid diet, spoon diet, vegetable 
diet, etc. absoluXe d., fasting. Banting d., 
one designed to reduce fatness, bland d., a diet 
that contains the necessary nutrient elements, but 
is free from anything that tends to heat or excite. 
Caesar's d., diet of milk and barley-water, used in 
the early stages of gout. Cantani's d., an 
exclusive meat diet devised for diabetics. Chit- 
tenden's d., a diet containing 47 to 55 gm. of 
protein. Coleman-Schaffer d., a typhoid 
fever diet, composed of eggs, cream, cocoa, milk- 
sugar, and bread and butter. It has a high car- 
bohydrate ratio and is rich in protein. The 
food is administered in small quantities, but 
frequently, convalescent d., a system of solid 
and liquid food suitable for convalescents, dia- 
betic d., one in which ordinary sugar, starchy 
food, fruits, and ordinary bread are prohibited, 
fever d., one especially designed for the re- 
quirements of fever patients, gouty d., a diet 
devised for the mitigation of gout, and restricting 
the use of nitrogenous foods and prohibiting sweet 
wines and fermented liquors, high-caloric d., 
a diet which furnishes 4000 calories or over a day. 
Jarotsky d., a diet for gastric ulcer consisting 
of white of egg and olive oil, given separately, 
several hours apart, in increasing daily amounts. 
Karell d. See Karell cure, under cure. Len- 
hartz d. See Lenharts treatment, under treatment. 
Prochownick d., a diet for the last eight weeks 
of pregnancy, which should decrease the size and 
weight of the child, while strengthening the mother. 
It is intended for patients threatened with dystocia 
on account of a contracted pelvis, excessive devel- 
opment of the fetus with normal pelvis, or fat and 
weak abdominal walls. The essential features of 
the diet are the withholding of carbohydrates and 
fluids and the giving of sufficient amounts of pro- 
teins. protective d., an extremely light diet 
employed for the purpose of relieving the work of 
the digestive apparatus as much as possible rheu- 
matic d., a diet devised to meet the requirements 
of rheumatic patients, salt-free d. See de- 
chloridation. Schmidt d., a daily diet consist- 
ing of 1.5 liters of milk, 100 gm. of zwieback, 2 
eggs, 50 gm. of butter, 125 gm. of beef, 190 gm. of 
boiled potato, and gruel made from 80 gm. of oat- 
meal. It contains 102 gm. of protein, in gm. of 
fat, and 191 gm. of carbohydrate, giving 2234 cal- 
ories. Schmidt-Strassburger d. Same as 
Schmidt d. subsistence d., that upon which 
one can just live. Taylor's d.t a preparation 
of white of egg, olive oil, and sugar, given when the 
urine is to be tested for chlorids. Tufnell's 
d., a rich diet (with small allowance of liquids) 
sometimes prescribed in the treatment of aneurysm. 
dietary (di'et-a-re). A regular or systematic 
scheme of diet. 
dietetic (di-et-et'ik) [Gr. btaiTqriKbs]. Pertaining 
to diet or proper food. 
dietetics (di-et-et'iks). The science or study and 
regulation of the diet. 
diethylamin (di"eth-il-am'in). A non-poisonous 
liquid ptomain, NH(C2H5)2, from decaying fish and 
putrid sausages. 
diethylendiimin (di-eth"il-en-di-im'in). Same as 
piper azin. 
diethylketone (di"eth-il-ke'tbn). Propion, 
diethylmalonylurea (di-eth"il-mal"o-nil-u-re'ah). 
Same as veronal. DIETHYLOXYACETYL-UREA 
333 
DIGITIN 
diethyloxyacetyl-urea (di-eth"il-oks-e-as"et-il-u- 
re'ah). A condensation-product of urea and oxy- 
acetic acid, a clear, transparent fluid, proposed as 
a hypnotic. 
dietitian (di-et-ish'an). One who is skilled in the 
scientific use of diet in disease. 
Dietl's crisis (de'tlz) [Joseph Dietl, an Austrian 
physician, 1804-1878]. See under crisis. 
dietotherapy (di"et-o-ther'a-pe). Dietetic treat- 
ment. 
Dieudonne's medium (de-ed-on-az') [Adolph 
Dieudonne, physician in Munich, born 1864]. See 
under medium. 
Dieulafoy's aspirator, theory, triad (de-el-af- 
wahz') [Georges Dieulafoy, physician in Paris, 1840- 
1911]. See aspirator, theory, and triad. 
differential (dif-er-en'shal). Pertaining to a dif- 
ference or differences. 
differentiation (dif"er-en-she-a'shun). 1. The 
distinguishing of one thing or disease from another. 
2. The act or process of acquiring distinction or 
individual characters, correlative d., differen- 
tiation produced by interaction of the parts of an 
organism. 
diffluence (dif'lu-ens). The act of becoming fluid, 
diffluent (dif'lu-ent) [L. difflu'ere to flow off]. 
Easily flowing away or dissolving; deliquescent; 
temporary. 
diffraction (dif-rak'shun) [L. dis apart + fran' gere 
to break]. The bending or breaking up into its 
component parts of a ray of light, d.-grating, 
a strip of glass ruled closely with fine lines for 
use in the spectroscope 
diffusate (dif'u-zat). That part of a mixture which, 
placed in a dialyzer, diffuses through a membrane; 
a dialysate. 
diffuse, diffused (dif-us', dif-uzd') [L. dis apart 
+ fun'dere to pour]. Wide-opened; not defi- 
nitely limited or localized. 
diffusible (dif-u'zib-1). Susceptible of being rap- 
idly diffused; having a rapidly stimulant, but 
transient, action. 
diffusiometer (dif-u-se-om'et-er). An apparatus 
for measuring the speed of diffusion. 
diffusion (dif-u'zhun). 1. The process of becoming 
diffused, or widely spread. 2. Dialysis through 
a membrane. 
difluordiphenyl, difluorphenyl (di-flu"or-di- 
fen'il, di-flu"or-fen'il). See antitussin. 
Dig. Abbreviation for L. digera'tur, let it be digested, 
digalen (dij'al-en). A proprietary product from 
digitalis: said to be amorphous soluble digitoxin 
(Cloetta). 
digastric (di-gas'trik) [Gr. bis double + yaar^p 
belly]. 1. Having two bellies. 2. Of or pertain- 
ing to or attacking the digastric muscle. 
digastricus (di-gas'trik-us). See muscles, table of. 
digenesis (di-jen'es-is). Same as alternation of 
generation. 
digehetic (di-je-net'ik) [Gr. bis twice + yeveais 
generation]. Requiring a change of hosts: said 
of flukes and other parasites. 
digenia (di-je'ne-ah). See tanaka. 
digestant (di-jes'tant). 1. Assisting or stimulating 
digestion. 2. A remedy which aids digestion. 
digestion (di-jest'yun) [L. diges'tio, from dis apart 
+ ger'ere to carry], 1. The process or act of con- 
verting food into materials fit to be absorbed and 
assimilated. 2. The subjection of a body to pro- 
longed heat and moisture, so as to disintegrate 
and soften it. artificial d., that which is per- 
formed outside the body, biliary d., the diges- 
tive effect of the bile upon food, gastric d., 
that which is carried on in the stomach by aid 
of the gastric juice. Called also peptic d. gas- 
tro-intestinal d., the gastric and intestinal 
digestions together, intercellular d., digestion 
carried on within an organ by secretions from the 
cells of the organ, intestinal d., that which 
is carried on in the intestine, intracellular d., 
digestion carried on within a single cell, pancre- 
atic d., that which is performed by the pancreatic 
secretion, parenteral d., digestion taking 
place somewhere else in the body than in the ali- 
mentary canal, as in the blood or under the skin, 
peptic d. Same as gastric d. primary d. 
Same as gastro-intestinal d. salivary d., the 
change of starch into maltose by the saliva, 
secondary d., the final preparation of food for 
assimilation by aid of closed glands, lymphatics, 
marrow, and body-cells in general. 
digestive (di-jes'tiv). i. Of or pertaining to diges- 
tion. 2. A digestant remedy or agent. 
digestol (di-jes'tol). A proprietary digestant com- 
bination of bismuth subnitrate, pepsin, and salol, 
with aromatics. 
digifolin (dij-if-o'lin). A proprietary solution of 
glucosids from digitalis leaves. 
digipan (dij'ip-an). A preparation of digitalis 
containing digitoxin and digitalin without any 
digitonin. Dose, same as digitalis. 
digipoten (dij-ip-o'ten). A proprietary digitalis 
preparation containing the mixed glucosids. 
digipuratum (dij-ip-u-ra'tum). A digitalis extract 
freed from inert and irritating constituents. See 
digitan. 
digistrophan (dij-is-tro'fan). A preparation, of 
digitalis and strophanthus: used as a heart tonic and 
diuretic. 
digit (dij'it) [L. dig'itus]. A finger or toe. 
digital (dij'it-al). i. Of, pertaining to, or per- 
formed with, a finger. 2. Resembling the im- 
print of a finger. 
digitalein (dij-it-al'e-in). An active principle, 
C22H38O9, of digitalis.. It is soluble in water 
and alcohol. It is a diuretic and a cardiac tonic. 
Dose, gr. (0.001-0.002 gm.). 
digitalin (dij-it-a'lin) [L. digitali'num]. An active 
glucosid of digitalis, C35H56O14. French d., in- 
soluble d., a commercial variety of digitalin. 
German d., soluble d., a commercial form of 
digitalin. Dose, gr. (0.001-0.003 gm.). 
Digitalis (dij-it-a'lis) [L., from dig'itus finger, be- 
cause of its finger-shaped corolla]. A genus of 
, scrophulariaceous plants. The leaves of D. pur- 
pu'rea, or foxglove, are narcotic, cardiant, diu- 
retic, and stimulant. Digitalis acts by producing 
elevation of blood-pressure, increase of systole, 
lengthening of diastole, and contraction of the 
arterioles. It is used as a heart tonic for cardiac 
weakness of any kind; also as a diuretic in dropsy. 
Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.065-0.13 gm.); of extract, f gr. 
(0.016 gm.); of fluidextract, 1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 
c.c.); of tincture, 5-20 min. (0.3-1.25 c.c.); of 
infusion, 2-4 dr. (8-15 c.c.). 
digitalisin (di j-i t-a'lis-in). A proprietary concentra- 
tion from digitalis. Dose, ^j-Jgr. (0.004-0.016 gm.). 
digitalism (dij'it-al-izm). The effect produced on 
the body by the administration of digitalis. 
digitalization (dij-it-al-iz-a'shun). Administra- 
tion of digitalis until the physiologic effect of the 
drug is produced. 
digitalone (dij'it-al-6n). A non-irritating liquid 
preparation of digitalis. Dose, 10-30 min. (0.65- 
2 c.c.). 
digitan (dij'it-an). A proprietary preparation of 
digitalis said to contain digitoxin and digitalin in 
the form of tannates: used like digitalis. 
digitate (dij'it-at). Having several finger-like 
processes. 
digitation (dij-it-a'shun). A finger-like process, 
as of a muscle. 
digitatio'nes hippocam'pi. The pes hippo- 
campi. 
digitin (dij'it-in). A physiologically inert crystal- 
line principle from digitalis. DIGITOGENIN 
334 
DILUTION 
digitogenin (dij-it-oj'en-in). A colorless, crystalline 
compound, C15H24O3, derived from digitalin. 
digitol (dij'it-ol). A proprietary tincture of digitalis, 
digitonin (dij-it-o'nin). A saponin glucosid, C54- 
H29O28, from digitalis. 
digitophyllin (dij"it-o-fil'in). A crystalline glu- 
cosid, C22H53Oio, contained in digitalis. It is a 
heart poison. 
digitoplantar (dij"it-o-plan'tar) [L. dig'itus finger 
+ plan'la sole]. Pertaining to the toes and the sole 
of the foot. 
digitoxin (dij-it-oks'in). The most active glucosid 
principle of digitalis. It is a white, crystalline com- 
pound, C34H54O11, a powerful and reliable heart 
tonic (Schmiedeberg, 1874). Dose, 2!^ 1^' gr. 
(0.00025-0.0005 gm.). Cloetta's d., a soluble 
digitoxin preparation. 
digitus (dij'it-us), pl. digfiti [L.]. A finger, d. 
annula'ris, the ring-finger, d. me'dius, the 
index-finger, d. min'imis, the little finger or 
little toe. d. mor'tuus, dead finger: a cold and 
white condition of the fingers, d. recel'lens, 
trigger-finger, d. vaTgus, deviation of a finger 
toward the ulnar side. d. va'rus, deviation of a 
finger toward the radial side. 
digityl (dij'it-il). A proprietary concentrated digi- 
talis infusion containing valerian and peppermint. 
diglossia (di-glos'e-ah) [Gr. bls twice + yXoiaaa 
tongue]. Double tongue, or bifid tongue. 
diglycerid (di-glis'er-id). A glycerid containing two 
fatty acid molecules. 
dignathus (dig-na'thus) [Gr. bls twice + yvados 
jaw]. A monster-fetus with two lower jaws. 
dihomocinchonin (di-ho-mo-sin'ko-min). An al- 
kaloid, C38H44O2N4, from cinchona. 
dihybrid (di-hi'brid). The offspring of parents who 
differ in two characters. 
dihydrate (di-hi'drat) [Gr. bls twice + vbcop water]. 
1. Any compound containing two hydroxyl groups. 
2. Any compound containing two molecules of 
water. 
dihydrated (di-hi'dra-ted). Compounded with 
two molecules of water. 
dihydric (di-hi'drik). Having two hydrogen atoms 
in each molecule. 
dihydrocollidin (di-hi"dro-kol'id-in). An oily 
base, C8HuN.H2, from decaying flesh and fish; 
regarded as a ptomain. 
dihydrocoridin (di-hi"dro-kor'id-in). The base, 
CSH13N, supposed to be identical with a ptomain 
derived from Bacil'lus al'lii. 
dihydrolutidin (di-hi"dro-lu'tid-in). An oily, 
poisonous, caustic base, C7HnN, from rancid 
cod-liver oil. 
dihydroresorcin (di-hi"dro-re-sor'sin). A crys- 
talline, antiseptic product of the action of sodium 
amalgam upon resorcinol. 
dihydroxyacetone (di-hi-drox"e-as'e-tbn). One of 
the trioses, the ketotriose. 
dihydroxyphenylethylmethylamin (di"hi- 
droks"e-phen-il-eth"il-meth-il-am'in). Same as 
epinin. 
dihydroxyphthalophenone (di-hi-droks"e-fthal- 
o-fe'nbn). Phenolphthalein. 
dihydroxystearic acid (di-hi-drok-se-ste-ar'ik). 
See under acid. 
dihypercytosis (di-hi"per-si-to'sis). Same as hy- 
perhypercytosis. 
dihysteria (di-his-te're-ah) [Gr. bls two + varepa 
uterus]. The condition of having a double uterus. 
diiodid (di-i'o-did). An iodid containing two 
atoms of iodin in the molecule to one of the base. 
diiodobetanaphthol (di-i"o-do-be-tah-nafthol). 
A greenish-yellow powder, C10H5I2OH: used like 
iodoform. 
diiodocarbazol (di-i"o-do-kar'baz-ol). An anti- 
septic agent, (CeHgl^NH, in yellow scales. 
diiodoform (di-i-o'do-form). An iodid of carbon, 
ethylene tetraiodid or periodid, C2I4: a strong 
cicatrizant, without odor and non-poisonous. 
diiodoglycerin (di-i"o-do-glis'er-in). Same as 
iothion. 
diiodoresorcin (di-i"o-do-re-sor'sin). A choco- 
late-brown, odorless powder, C6H2l2(OH)2: used 
like aristol. 
diiodosalicylic acid (di-i"o-do-sal"is-il'ik). See 
acid. 
diiodosalicylic-phenyl-ester (di-i"o-do-sal"is- 
il'ik-fe-nil-es'ter). Same as diiodosalol. 
diiodosalol (di-i"o-do-sal'ol). A proprietary salol 
and iodin derivative, diiodosalicylic phenyl ester, 
Cs^DfOHjCCbCeHs, in colorless needles: used 
internally for rheumatism; externally, like iodo- 
form, in skin diseases. 
diiodothioresorcin (di-i"o-do-thi"o-re-sor'sin). 
A brown, antiseptic powder, C6H2l2(SH)2: used 
like iodoform and aristol. 
diketone (di-ke'tbn). A ketone containing two 
carbonyl groups. 
diktyoma (dik-te-o'mah) [Gr. blKTvov net + -wpa 
tumor], A tumor of the ciliary epithelium de- 
rived from embryonic retinal tissue. 
Dil. Abbreviation for L. dil'ue, dissolve. 
dilaceration (di"las-er-a'shun) [L. dilacera'tio], 
A tearing asunder, as of a cataract. In dentistry, 
the displacement of a formed portion of a tooth 
from its natural relation to the soft parts. 
dilatation (di-la-ta'shun). The condition of being 
dilated or stretched beyond the normal dimen- 
sions. digital d., the dilatation of a cavity or 
orifice by means of a finger, d. of the heart, 
enlargement of the cavities of the heart, with 
thinning of its walls and diminution of the force 
of its beatings, prognathion d., prognathic 
d., dilatation of the pyloric end of the stomach 
greater than that of the fundus or cardiac, giving 
a protruding appearance in the x-ray picture, 
d. of the stomach, enlargement of the stomach 
from weakening of its walls and distention with 
gas in chronic gastritis. 
dilator (di-la'tor). An appliance used in enlarging 
an orifice or canal by stretching, anal d., an 
instrument for dilating or stretching the anal 
sphincter. Arnott's d., a distensible cylinder of 
oiled silk for urethral strictures. Barnes' d., a 
rubber bag used in dilating the os and cervix uteri. 
Bossi's d., a dilator for the cervix uteri, d. 
con'chae, a small muscle between the lower 
margin of the tragus and the lower end of the 
concha. De Seigneux's d., a dilator for the 
cervix uteri. Frommer's d., a modified Bossi 
dilator for the cervix uteri. Hegar's d's, a 
series of bougies of varying sizes for dilating the 
os uteri, intra-uterine d., an instrument for 
dilating the uterine cavity by means of air or 
water, d. ir'idis, d. pupil'lse, the radiating 
elastic fibers of the iris which dilate the pupil, lar- 
yngeal d., an instrument with two or more blades 
for expanding the larynx, d. muscles. See 
muscles, table of. d. tu'bse. See tensor palati, 
in muscles, table of. 
dilipoxanthin (di-lip-o-zan'thin) [Gr. bls two -|- 
Xliros fat + ^avObs yellow]. A yellow lipochrome 
produced by various bacteria. 
dill (dil). The carminative and stimulant plant, 
Ane'thum (Peuceda'num) grave'olens: its fruit 
affords a volatile oil. Dose of aqua anethi, 2 fl.oz. 
(15 c.c.); of oil, 2-5 min. (o.1-0.3 c.c.). 
Diluc. Abbreviation for L. dilu'culc, at daybreak, 
diluent (dil'u-ent) [L. dilu'ere to wash], 1. Diluting. 
2. An agent that dilutes or renders less irritant. 
Dilut. Abbreviation for L. dilu'tus, dilute. 
dilution (di-lu'shun). 1. The art or process of 
diluting or the state of being diluted. 2. A diluted DIM. 
335 
DIORADINE 
or attenuated medicine. 3. In homeopathy, the 
diffusion of a given quantity of a medicine in ten or 
one hundred times the same quantity of water. 
Dim. Abbreviation for L. dimid'ius, one-half. 
dimargarin (di-mar'gar-in). A glycerid having two 
molecules of margaric acid combined with a mole- 
cule of glycerin. 
dimazon (di-ma'zon). An orange-colored crystal- 
line powder, diacetylamino-azotoluene, CH3.Ce- 
H4.N:N.C6H3(CH3)N(CH3.CO)2, said to promote 
the growth of epithelium in treatment of burns, 
wounds, and ulcers. 
dimentholformal (di"men-thol-for'mal). Di- 
mentholmethylene ether: antiseptic. 
dimerous (dim'er-us) [Gr. 8c- two + pepos part]. 
Made up of two parts. 
dimetallic (di-met-al'ik). Containing two of a 
metallic element in the molecule. 
dimethylacetal (di"meth-il-as'e-tal). A colorless, 
volatile, anesthetic liquid, ethylidene dimethyl 
ether, CH3.CH(OCH3)2: it may be used like chloro- 
form, by inhalation. 
dimethylamin (di"meth-il-am'in). A gaseous and 
liquid ptomain, (CH3)2NH, from decaying gelatin, 
decomposing yeast, rotten fish, etc. 
dimethyl-amino-azobenzene (di-meth"il-am"- 
in-o-a-zo-ben'zen). A dye, CeH5.N2.C6H4.N- 
(CH3)2: used as an indicator in Toepfer's test for 
free hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. It has a Ph 
range of 2.9 to 4, being red at 2.9 and yellow at 4. 
dimethylarsin (di-meth-il-ar'sin). See cacodyl. 
dimethyl-ethyl-pyrrol (di-meth"il-eth"il-pir'ol). 
A substituted pyrrol obtained from and probably 
a constituent of bilirubin. 
dimethyl-guanidin (di-meth"il-guan'id-in). A 
ptomain, (CH3)2N.C(:NH).NH2, found in small 
amounts in the urine. 
dimethylnornarcotin (di-meth"il-nor-nar'ko-tin). 
An active principle reported to exist in opium. 
dimethylphosphin (di-meth-il-fos'fin). A phos- 
phin extremely destructive to infusorial life, 
(CH3)2PH. 
dimethyl sulphate. An industrial poison, 
(CH3)2SO4, causing nystagmus, convulsions, and 
respiratory death. 
dimethylxanthin (di-meth-il-zan'thin). Same as 
theobromin. 
dimetria (di-me'tre-ah) [Gr. 8'cs double + p^rpa. 
womb]. The condition of two uteri, or a double 
uterus. 
dimol (di'mol). Dimethylmonomethoxyphenol, 
CH3O.C6H2(CH3)2OH, in combination with the 
tri- and tetramethylophenols. It is used like salol 
as an intestinal antiseptic. 
dimorphic (di-mor'fik). Same as dimorphous. 
dimorphism (di-mor'fizm) [Gr. 8'cs two + poptpi) 
form]. The property of certain solids existing 
in two different crystalline forms. 
dimorphobiotic (di-mor"fo-bi-ot'ik) [Gr. 8c- two 
+ poptpri form + ^ccoacs life]. Showing alternation 
of generations and having a parasitic and a non- 
parasitic stage in the complete life history. 
dimorphous (di-morTus) [Gr. 8cs two + pop<pr) 
form]. Occurring in two distinct forms. 
dineric (di-ner'ik) [Gr. 8cvr) a whirlpool]. Whirling 
like a whirlpool. 
dineuric (di-nu'rik). Having two neurons or axis- 
cylinder processes: said of nerve-cells. 
dinical (din'ik-al) [Gr. 8ivos giddiness]. Pertaining 
to dizziness; relieving dizziness. 
dinitrate (di-ni'trat). A compound of a base with 
two molecules of nitric acid. 
dinitrated (di-ni'tra-ted). Compounded with or 
having two molecules of nitric acid, or of ni- 
troxyl. 
dinitrobenzene (di-ni"tro-ben'zen). A poisonous 
substance, CgH^NO^. Its fumes may cause 
breathlessness and final asphyxia. 
dinitrocellulose (di-ni"tro-sel'u-16s). Same as 
pyroxylin. 
dinitrocresol (di-ni"tro-kre'sol). A poisonous 
cresol compound, CHs.CelMNChhOH. Also known 
as saffron substitute. 
dinitroresorcin (di-ni"tro-re-sor'sin). A green 
coal-tar derivative, CeH^NCbMOH^, used in 
preparing degenerated nerve tissue for study. 
dinomania (din-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. Vivos whirling 
+ pavca madness]. Dancing mania; epidemic 
chorea. 
dinormocytosis (di-nor"mo-si-to'sis) [L. di- two + 
nor'ma rule + Gr. kvtos cell]. See isonormocytosis. 
D. in p. aeq. Abbreviation for L. divi'de in-par'tes 
aqua'les, divide into equal parts. 
dinucleotid (di-nu'kle-o-tid). One of the two 
cleavage products into which a tetranucleotid 
(nucleic acid) is split. A dinucleotid itself may be 
split into two mononucleotids. 
Di'ocles Carys'tius. An eminent Greek physi- 
cian of the fourth century b. c. He belonged to 
the sect of the dogmatics, and wrote several works, 
some fragments of which are extant. 
Dioctophy'me rena'le. Same as Eustrongylus 
gigas. 
dioecious (di-e'shus) [Gr. 8 c- two + ockos house]. 
Sexually distinct; having the two sexes in sepa- 
rate individuals. 
dioesophagus (di-e-sof'ag-us). See diesophagus. 
dioestrum (di-e'strum) [Gr. 8 c- two + ocarpos 
stimulus]. A short interval between two periods 
of sexual desire in animals. 
dioform (di'o-form). Acetylene dichlorid, C2H2CI2: 
used by inhalation to produce narcosis. 
diogenal (di-oj'en-al). A white, crystalline powder, 
dibrom-propyl-diethyl-barbituric acid: used as a 
somnifacient and nerve sedative in doses of 10-30 
gr. (0.6-2 gm.). 
diomorphin (di-o-mor'fin). An aqueous solution 
of dionin and morphin. 
dionin (di'o-nin). A white, bitter, crystalline com- 
pound, C2^5°>C17H17NO.HC1 + H2O, or ethyl- 
morphin hydrochlorid. It is analgesic, antispas- 
modic, and sedative: used in asthma, bronchitis, 
emphysema, phthisis, and morphinism. Dose, 
gr. (0.016-0.032 gm.). 
diopsimeter (di-op-sim'e-ter) [Gr. 8iopcs vision + 
perpov measure]. A device for measuring the 
field of vision. 
diopter, dioptre, dioptric, dioptry (di-op'ter, 
di-op'trik, di-op'tre) [Gr. 8cmpea9a.c to see through]. 
The refractive power of a lens with a focal dis- 
tance of one meter: assumed as a unit of meas- 
urement for refractive power (Monoyer, Donders). 
prism-d., a unit of prismatic deviation; deflec- 
tion of one centimeter at a distance of one meter. 
dioptometer (di-op-tom'e-ter) [dioptric + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for use in test- 
ing ocular refraction. 
dioptometry (di-op-tom'et-re). The measurement 
of refraction and accommodation of the eye. 
dioptoscopy (di-op-tos'ko-pe) [dioptric + Gr. 
GKOTrecv to see]. Measurement of ocular refrac- 
tion by means of the ophthalmoscope. 
dioptric (di-op'trik) [Gr. 8ca through + bxpeadac to 
see]. Pertaining to refraction or to transmitted 
and refracted light; refracting. 
dioptrics (di-op'triks)[Gr. 8cb\f/ea9ac to see through]. 
The science of refracted light. 
dioptrometer (di-op-trom'et-er). Dioptometer, 
dioptrometry (di-op-trom'et-re). Dioptometry, 
dioptroscopy (di-op-tros'ko-pe). Dioptoscopy. 
dioptry (di'op-tre). See diopter. 
dioradine (di-or'ad-in). A proprietary radio- DIOSCOREA VILLOSA 
336 
DIPLEGIA 
active preparation of menthol, iodin, and radium 
barium chlorid: used in tuberculosis. 
Dioscorea villosa (di"os-ko-re'ah vil-o'sah). Wild 
yam, a twining herb of the United States. Its 
root is diaphoretic and emetic. Dose of decoc- 
tion, 4-8 fl.oz. (118.4-236 c.c.); of fluidextract, 
10 min.-i fl.oz. (0.62-30 c.c.). 
dioscorein (di-os-ko're-in). A resinous, dry con- 
centration prepared from Dioscore'a villo'sa: 
diaphoretic, antispasmodic, and expectorant. Dose, 
1-4 gr. (0.066-0.259 gm.). 
dioscorin (di-os'ko-rin). A greenish, crystalline 
alkaloid, C13HI9O2N, from Dioscorea. It has a 
poisonous action on the central nervous system. 
diose (di'os). GlycoIlic aldehyd, CH2OH-COH, 
the simplest sugar. 
diosmal (di-os'mal). A proprietary preparation of 
buchu leaves: used in genito-urinary affections. 
Dose, 2 gr. (0.13 gm.). 
diosphenol (di-os-fe'nol). Barosma camphor, C10- 
H16O2, with a peppermint odor. It separates from 
the volatile oil of Buchu on cooling. 
dioviburnia (di-o-vi-ber'ne-ah). A proprietary 
uterine tonic, antispasmodic, alterative, and 
anodyne. 
dioxid (di-oks'id) [Gr. bls twice + b^bs sharp]. A 
molecule having two atoms of oxygen. 
dioxogen (di-oks'o-jen). A proprietary solution of 
hydrogen dioxid. 
dioxyacetone (di-oks-e-as'et-6n). A compound, 
HOCH2.CO.CH2OH, one of the constituents of 
glycerose, the ketotriose. It is formed by the oxida- 
tion of glycerol with nitric acid. 
dioxydiaminoarsenobenzol (di-oks-e-di-am"- 
id-o-ar"sen-o-ben'zol). See salvarsan. 
dioxynaphthalene (di-oks-e"naf'thal-en). A poi- 
sonous compound, Ci6Hg(OH)2, said to build up 
the strength of asthenic patients. Dose, 3 gr. 
(0.194 gm.) per day. 
dioxy-naphthyl-methane (di-ok-se-naf-thil- 
meth'an). A germicide, (CioH70)2.CH2: used 
chiefly in veterinary practice. 
dioxy toluene (di"oks-e-tol'u-en). Same as orcin. 
dip (dip). The angle which a magnet freely sus- 
pended makes with a horizontal plane. 
dipentene (di-pen'ten). A terpene, C10H16, found 
in many volatile oils. 
dipeptid (di-pep'tid). A product formed by the 
union of two amino-acids. 
diphasic (di-fa^zik) [Gr. bls two + (p acres phase]. 
Occurring in two phases or stages. 
diphenyl (di-fe'nil). A colorless compound, C6H5- 
C6H5, found in coal-tar. 
diphenylamin (di-fen-il-am'in). A compound, 
(CsHshNH: used as a test for nitric acid and 
chlorin, d. blue. See blue. 
diphenylchlorarsin (di-fen-il-klor-ar'sin). Sneez- 
ing gas, (C6H6)2AsCl, a toxic smoke, used in the 
Great War, causing sneezing, coughing, headache, 
salivation, and vomiting. 
diphenyl-cyanarsin (di-fen"il-si-an-ar'sin). A 
lethal war gas, (CeHj^.AsCN. 
diphenylmethane (di-fe"nil-meth'an). A crys- 
talline analgesic and antipyretic, (CeHj^CIU. 
Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
diphenylurea (di-fen-il-u-re'ah). A mildly seda- 
tive and narcotic compound resembling phenylurea, 
diphonia (di-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. 3i- two + <pwwq voice]. 
A condition in which two different tones are pro- 
duced in speaking; double voice. 
diphosgene (di-fos'jen). Trichlormethyl chloro- 
formate; superpalite; a gas used in the Great War. 
It is the most intense lung irritant known, pro- 
ducing pulmonary edema. 
diphtheria (dif-the're-ah) [Gr. bupOepa membrane]. 
An acute infectious disease due to the presence 
of the Klebs-Lbffler bacillus, Corynebacterium diph- 
theria, and characterized by patches of false mem- 
brane, formed chiefly on the mucous membranes. 
The disease is attended with swelling of the larynx 
and pharynx, and consequent dyspnea, aphonia, 
and dysphagia. The general symptoms are fever, 
heart-weakness, anemia, and great prostration. 
Diphtheria continues from a few days to one or 
two weeks, frequently ending fatally. It is ex- 
tremely contagious, and is apt to spread from one 
part of the body to another, avian d. See roup. 
Bretonneau's d., true diphtheria of the pharynx, 
circumscribed d., a form in which a circum- 
scribed slough appears on one tonsil: it is often 
fatal, cutaneous d., a form which attacks 
cutaneous abrasions, false d., diphtheroid (2d 
def.), gangrenous d., diphtheria attended with 
gangrene of the skin or mucous membrane or both, 
laryngeal d. Same as membranous croup. 
latent d., diphtheric infection without mem- 
branous exudation, malignant d., a form be- 
ginning with, rigors and vomiting and marked with 
typhoid symptoms; often fatal, nasal d., diph- 
theria in which the membrane extends into the 
nasal passages, non-membranous d. Same 
as loffleria. pharyngeal d., that which is espe- 
cially manifested on the mucous membrane of the 
pharynx, scarlatinal d., a sort of membranous 
tonsillitis occurring in scarlet fever, and caused by 
streptococci, septic d., diphtheria rendered 
especially severe by secondary infection with pyo- 
genic cocci, surgical d., wound d., the forma- 
tion of false or diphtheric membrane on the surface 
of a wound. 
diphtherial (dif-the're-al). Pertaining to diph- 
theria. 
diphtheric, diphtheritic (dif-theUik, dif-the-rit'- 
ik). Pertaining to diphtheria. 
diphthericide (dif-ther'is-id). A proprietary mix- 
ture of thymol, sodium benzoate, saccharin, etc.: 
used in pastils for diphtheria. 
diphtherin (dif'the-rin). 1. The poison developed 
and evolved by the Corynebacterium diphtheria. 2. 
A polyvalent diphtheric antigen for use in anaph- 
ylactic skin test. 
diphthericlysin (dif-the-re-ol'is-in). A lysin hav- 
ing a specific affinity for diphtheria bacteria. 
diphtheritis (dif-the-ri'tis). Bretonneau's name 
for diphtheria. 
diphtheroid (dif'ther-oid). 1. Resembling diph- 
theria. 2. A disease resembling diphtheria, but 
not due to Loffler's bacillus. 3. A micro-organism 
closely resembling the diphtheria bacillus in 
morphology, but not producing toxin. 
diphtherotoxin (dif"the-ro-toks'in). A toxalbumin 
from cultures of diphtheria bacillus. 
diphthongia (dif-thon'je-ah) [Gr. bls double + 
<pObyyos voice]. The production of double vocal 
sounds. 
Diphy lloboth'rium la'tum. Same as Diboth- 
riocephalus latus. 
diphyodont (dif'e-o-dont) [Gr. be- two + <pue v to 
produce + bbobs tooth]. Having two sets of 
teeth. 
diplacusis (dip-lak-u'sis) [Gr. biir\bos double + 
anovaes hearing]. 1. The hearing of one sound 
as two. 2. The difference between the apparent 
pitch of the same sound as heard by the two ears, 
d. binaura'lis dysharmon'ica, a condition in 
which the same sound has a different pitch when 
heard by one ear than by the other, d. binaura'- 
lis echot'ica, a condition in which a sound is heard 
later and weaker by one ear than by the other, 
d. monauraTis, the condition in which a sound 
is heard as two sounds by one ear, the other being 
closed. 
diplasmatic (di-plaz-mat'ik) [Gr. be- two + 7rXa<qua 
something formed]. Containing substances be- 
sides protoplasm: said of cells. 
diplegia (di-ple'je-ah) [Gr. bls twice + irX-pyp 
stroke]. Paralysis affecting like parts on either DIPLO-ALBUMINURIA 
337 
DIPLOSCOPE 
□ide of the body; bilateral paralysis, facial d., 
facial paralysis affecting both sides of the fade, 
infantile d., birth palsy. See palsy, mastica- 
tory d., paralysis of all the muscles which take 
part in mastication. 
diplo-albuminuria (dip"lo-al-bu-min-u're-ah) [Gr. 
SlttXoos double + albuminuria]. The presence of 
both physiologic and pathologic albuminuria. 
diplobacillus (dip-lo-bas-il'us) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ bacillus]. A bacillus in which the cells occur 
in pairs. 
diplobacterium (dip"lo-bak-te're-um) [Gr. Sltt- 
Xoos double + bacterium], A bacterial form made 
up of two distinct cylinders linked together. 
diploblastic (dip-lo-blas'tik) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ SXaaros germ]. Made up of two germ- 
layers. 
diplocardia (dip-lo-kar'de-ah) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ KapSla heart]. A condition in which the right 
and left heart are somewhat separated by a fissure. 
diplocephalus (dip-lo-sef'al-us) [Gr. SlttXoos 
double + KetpaXr) head]. A double-headed mon- 
ster. 
diplocephaly (dip-lo-sef'al-e) [see diplocephalus]. 
The condition of having two heads. 
diplococcal (dip-lo-kok'al). Pertaining to or 
caused by diplococci. 
diplococcemia (dip-lo-kok-se'me-ah) [L. diplo- 
coccus + Gr. aipa blood]. The presence of dip- 
lococci in the blood. 
diplococcoid (dip-lo-kok'oid). 1. Resembling dip- 
lococci. 2. An organism that resembles a diplo- 
coccus. 
Diplococcus (dip-lo-kok'us) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ kokkos berry], A genus of bacterial organisms. 
They are Gram-positive, somewhat elongated or 
lance-shaped cells growing mostly in pairs or in 
short chains. They are capsulated and quite 
strictly parasitic. D. aPbicans tar'dus, D. 
cit'reus liquefa'ciens, forms found in the ex- 
cretion of seborrhea, d. of Class, the D. scar- 
latina. Connellan-King d., a diplococcus 
from the tonsillar crypts in case of tonsillitis with 
symptoms of general infection. D. cory'zae, 
seen in certain nasal fluids. D. cras'sus, a 
Gram-positive organism occurring in association 
with meningococcus in cerebrospinal fever. Called 
also Jager's meningococcus. D. fluores'cens 
fce'tidus has been obtained from the naso- 
pharynx; another species occurs in the vesicles 
of pemphigus. Foa's d., a capsulated diplococcus 
resembling Frankel's pneumococcus, found in the 
lung tissue in pneumonia. Ford-Robertson's 
d., a diplococcus formerly believed to be the causa- 
tive agent in general paresis. Geirsvold's d., a 
Gram-positive coccus, found in many specimens of 
spinal fluid during life and in the organs of several 
patients after death in cases of acute anterior polio- 
myelitis. D. gonorrhoe'se. Same as Neisseria 
gonorrha'a. d. of horse pneumonia, a 
pathogenic species from the lungs of horses with 
pneumonia. D. intracellula'ris, D. intra- 
cellula'ris meningit'idis. See Neisseria in- 
tracellularis meningitidis. Jaeger's d., the D. 
intracellularis. D. lac'teus favifor'mis, a sapro- 
phytic species from the normal vagina. D. lan- 
ceolatus. See D. pneumonia. D. lu'teus, 
a species found in water, appearing as motile cocci 
in pairs or chains: it produces a yellow pigment, 
d. of Morax and Axenfeld, a species which is 
the cause of subacute or chronic conjunctivitis. 
D. muco'SUS, a Gram-negative diplococcus re- 
sembling Diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis, 
except that it grows at room temperature, has a 
capsule, and the colonies are mucoid and resemble 
those of Bacillus capsulatus mucosus. d. of 
mumps, a pathogenic species discovered by von 
Leyden in the parotid secretion in mumps. D. 
orchit'idis, a pathogenic species found in or- 
chitis. d. of pemphigus acutus, a pathogenic 
species from vesicles of pemphigus, d. of per- 
tussis, a species found by Ritter in the sputum of 
whooping-cough; pathogenicity not determined. 
D. pneumo'niae, a pathogenic species from the 
sputum of pneumonia and the exudate of cerebro- 
spinal meningitis; also from empyema and sputum 
septicemia; in 'non-motile, oval, doubled cells or 
rods, often in short chains. It is the organism most 
often causing lobar pneumonia. They have been 
divided into four groups on the basis of immunity 
reactions and called Types I, II, III, and IV. 
Called also Frankel s pneumococcus, pneumococcus, 
Diplococcus lanceolatus, Micrococcus lanceolatus, 
Micrococcus pneumonia, and Streptococcus pneu- 
monia. See pneumococcus. D. pyo genes ure'se, 
a large-sized species found in purulent urine. D. 
rheumat'icus, a species isolated from cases of 
acute rheumatism and thought to be pathogenic for 
that disease. D. ro'seus. See Neisseria rosea. 
D. scarlati'nae, a species from the throat secre- 
tions in scarlatina: believed to be the cause of that 
disease. Weichselbaum's d., the D. intra- 
cellula'ris meningit'idis. 
diplocoria (dip-lo-ko're-ah) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ Kopr] pupil]. Double pupil. 
Diplodia (dip-lo'de-ah). A genus of fungi produc- 
ing the dry-rot or corn-stalk disease of corn. It is 
thought that it may be concerned in the causation 
of pellagra. 
diploe (dip'lo-e) [Gr. SlttXot) fold]. The loose os- 
seous tissue between the two tables of the cranial 
bones. 
diplogenesis (dip-lo-jen'es-is) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ y epea is production]. The production of a 
double monster. 
Diplogonop'orus gran'dis. A tapeworm which 
is a common parasite in whales and has been found 
twice in man in Japan. 
diplogram (dip'lo-gram) [Gr. SlttXoos double + 
y pappa letter]. An x-ray plate containing two ex- 
posures. 
diploic, diploetic (dip-lo'ik, dip-lo-et'ik). Of or 
pertaining to the diploe. 
diploid (dip'loid). The maximum number of 
chromosomes found during the life-history of a 
species. 
diplomellituria (dip"lo-mel-it-u're-ah). Contem- 
poraneous or alternate occurrence of diabetic and 
non-diabetic glycosuria in the same individual. 
diplomyelia (dip"lo-mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ pveXbs marrow]. Lengthwise fissure and seem- 
ing doubleness of spinal cord. 
diploneural (dip-lo-nu'ral) [Gr. SlttXoos double + 
pevpop nerve].' Having a double nerve-supply. 
diplophonia (dip-lo-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. SlttXoos double 
+ ipwp-q voice]. Same as diphthongia. 
diplopia, diplopy (dip-lo'pe-ah, dip'lo-pe) [Gr. 
SlttXoos double + mpis vision]. The seeing of 
single objects as double or two. binocular d., 
diplopia due to a derangement of the muscular 
coordination of the eyes, crossed d., heteron- 
ymous d., occurs as a result of diverging stra- 
bismus. direct d., homonymous d., a form 
which occurs in cross-eye. monocular d., affects 
only one eye, and may be due to double pupil, 
an early stage of cataract, or to some neurosis, 
simple d., homonymous diplopia, vertical d., 
diplopia in which one image is seen above the other, 
diplopiometer (dip"lo-pe-om'e-ter) [diplopia + 
Gr. perpop measure]. An instrument for meas- 
uring diplopia. 
diplosal (dip'lo-sal). Salicylosalicylic acid, OH.Ce- 
H4.CO2.C&H4.CO2H: used like sodium salicylate in 
rheumatism, sciatica, neuralgia, pleurisy, neuritis, 
and cystitis. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.) three times 
a day. 
diploscope (dip'lo-skbp) [Gr. SlttXoos double + 
aKOTreip to examine]. An apparatus for the study 
of binocular vision. DIPLOSOMATIA 
338 
DISCOPLACENTA 
diplosomatia, diplosomia (dip"lo-so-ma'she-ah, 
dip-lo-so'me-ah) [Gr. bLirXbos double + aw pa 
body]. A condition in which complete twins are 
joined at some part of their bodies. 
diplosome (dip'lo-som) [Gr. bcirXoos double + 
awpa body]. 1. An allosome which is divided in 
mitosis. 2. A double centrosome. 
diplostreptococcus (dip"lo-strep-to-kok'us). A 
streptococcus in which the chains occur in pairs. 
diploteratology (dip"lo-ter-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. bcirXoos 
double + teratology]. The sum of what is known 
regarding joined twin monstrosities. 
Diplozoa (dip-lo-zo'ah) [Gr. burXoos double + ijwov 
animal]. A suborder of protozoa embracing the 
genus Giardia. 
Dippel's animal oil (dip'elz) [Johann Konrad 
Dippel, German physician and alchemist, 1673- 
1734]. See under oil. 
dipping (dip'ing). Palpation of the liver by 
sudden and forcible pressure. 
dipropaesin (di-pro-pa-e'sin). A white powder, 
a carbonic acid ester of propasin, CO(NH.C6H4.- 
CO.O.€3117)2. It is transposed into propasin in 
the alkaline fluids of the body and then exerts its 
anesthetic properties. Used internally in gastric 
ulcer and painful gastro-intestinal disorders. 
diprosopus (di-pros-o'pus) [Gr. bls twice + irpba- 
uTTov face]. A fetal monster with two faces. 
dipsesis (dip'se-sis) [Gr. blpa thirst]. Morbid 
thirst. 
dipsetic (dip-set'ik). Producing thirst. 
dipsomania (dip-so-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. blpa thirst + 
pavla madness]. Uncontrollable desire for spirit- 
uous liquor. 
dipsopathy (dip-sop'ath-e) [Gr. blpa thirst + 
TTaOos disease]. The nervous condition charac- 
terized by dipsomania. 
dipsosis (dip-so'sis) [Gr. bupa thirst]. Morbid 
thirst. 
dipsotherapy (dip-so-ther'ap-e) [Gr. bupa thirst 
+ Oepauela treatment]. Thirst-cure; treatment 
by strict limitation of the amount of water to be 
drunk. 
Diptera (dip'ter-ah) [Gr. bt-irrepos two-winged]. An 
order of insects including the flies, gnats, and 
mosquitos. 
Dipterocarpus (dip"ter-o-kar'pus) [Gr. blirrepos 
two-winged + Kapiros fruit]. A genus of trees 
from southern Asia, affording gurjun balsam. 
See gurjun balsam, under balsam. 
dipterous (dip'ter-us) [see Diptera]. Having two 
wings. See Diptera. 
Dipteryx (dip'ter-ix). See Tonka. 
dipygus (di-pi'gus) [Gr. bls twice + irvyi/ rump]. 
A monster-fetus with double pelvis, d. parasit'- 
icus. Same as gastrothoracopagus dipygus. 
Dipylid'ium cani'num. A common tapeworm of 
dogs and cats, the larval stage living in dog lice 
and dog fleas. It has been found in man. 
diquinicin. (di-kwin'is-in). An alkaloid, C40H4C- 
O3N4, from cinchona. 
diquinidin. An alkaloid, C40H46O3N4, from chin- 
oidin. 
direct (di-rekt') [L. direc'tus]. 1. Straight; in a 
straight line. 2. Performed immediately and 
without the intervention of subsidiary means. 
director (di-rek'tor) [L. diri'gere to direct]. Any 
thing or device which guides or directs, grooved 
d., an instrument grooved to guide the knife in 
surgery. 
dirigation (dir-ig-a'shun) [L. dis- away 4- riga're 
to turn]. The power which certain people possess 
of confining the attention to some part of the body 
and thereby altering its blood-supply, temperature, 
and functional activity. 
dirigomotor (dir"ig-o-mo'tor) [L. diri'gere to 
direct + mo'tor mover]. Controlling muscular 
activity. 
Dir. prop. Abbreviation for L. directio'ne pro'pria, 
with a proper direction. 
dirt-eating. See geophagism. 
dis- [L. dis- apart], A prefix denoting reversal 
or separation. 
disaccharid (di-sak'ar-id). See disaccharose. 
disaccharose (di-sak'ar-os). A sugar containing 
twelve carbon atoms in the molecule, C12H22O11. 
Cane-sugar and milk-sugar are examples. So 
called because it contains two (hypothetic) sac- 
charid groups. 
disacidify (dis-as-id'if-i). To remove an acid from, 
or to neutralize an acid in, a mixture. 
disaggregation (dis"ag-re-ga'shun). Failure of 
the hysteric mind to connect new sensations 
with each other and to bring them into relation 
with the eye; it often results in double conscious- 
ness. 
disaloin (dis-al'o-in). A form of colloidal chloro- 
form in egg-albumen. 
disamidize (dis-am'id-iz). Same as deamidize. 
disarticulation (dis"ar-tik-u-la'shun) [L. dis- 
apart 4- articu'lus joint]. Amputation or separa- 
tion at a joint. 
disassimilation (dis"as-im-il-a'shun) [dis- + as- 
similation]. The reverse of assimilation; the pro- 
cess by which a substance is changed into waste 
matter and cast out. 
disazo-. A prefix indicating the possession of two 
azo groups. 
disc (disk). See disk. 
discharge (dis-charj'). 1. A setting free, or libera- 
tion. 2. Matter or force set free. 3. An excretion 
or substance evacuated, disruptive d., libera- 
tion of electricity attended with heat, light, and 
mechanic effects. 
discharger (dis-char'jer). An instrument for set- 
ting free electricity, as from a Leyden jar. 
discharging (dis-char'jing). Giving vent, as to 
pus, etc.; flowing out; associated with the sud- 
den exertion of energy. 
dischroma topsy (dis-kro'mat-op-se). See dys- 
chromatopsia. 
dischronation (dis-kro-na'shun) [L. dis apart 4- 
Gr. xpbvos time]. A dislocation in the conscious- 
ness of time. 
discission (di-sizh'un) [L. discis'sio; dis- apart 4- 
scin'dere to cut]. A cutting in twain, or division, 
as of a soft cataract, d. of cervix uteri, excision 
of wedge-shaped pieces from each side of the 
cervix uteri for the relief of stenosis of the cervix, 
d. of pleura, cruciform sections into the pleura 
for empyema, posterior d., incision of the cap- 
sule of a cataract from behind. 
discitis (dis-ki'tis). Inflammation of a disk, par- 
ticularly of an interarticular cartilage. 
discoblastic (dis-ko-blas'tik) [Gr. btauos disk 4- 
^Xaarbs germ]. Undergoing a discoid vitelline 
segmentation. 
discoid (dis'koid) [Gr. blanos disk + elbos form]. 
1. Shaped like a disk. 2. A disk-like medicated 
tablet. 3. In dentistry, an excavator with a disk- 
like blade. 
Discomyces (dis-ko-mi'sez). The form of organism 
found in mycetoma in which the mycelium is not 
septate. D. asteroi'des, this species has been 
found in mycetoma and in an abscess of the brain. 
D. bo'vis. See Actinomyces bovis. D. brasil- 
ien'sis, this species has been found in mycetoma 
of the leg. D. madu'rae, the species found in 
the pale variety of mycetoma. 
discomycosis (dis"ko-mi-ko'sis). Infestation with 
Discomyces. 
discoplacenta (dis"ko-plas-en'tah). A discoid 
placenta. DI SCO PLASM 
339 
DISEASE 
discoplasm (dis'ko-plazm). The structural part of 
a red blood-corpuscle. 
discord (dis'kord) [L. discord'ia]. A simultaneous 
assemblage of two or more inharmonious sounds. 
discoria (dis-ko're-ah). Deformity of the pupil; 
dyscoria. 
discrete (dis-kret') [L. discre'tus; discer'nere to 
separate]. Made up of separated parts or char- 
acterized by lesions which do not become blended. 
discus (dis'kus). Latin for disk. d. articula'- 
ris [B N A], an interarticular fibrocartilage. d. 
intervertebra'lis, an intervertebral disk. d. 
proligerus, the granular zone which invests the 
ovum and is formed by certain cells of the mem- 
brana granulosa. 
discussive (dis-kus'iv). Same as discutient. 
discutient (dis-ku'she-ent) [L. discu'tere to dissi- 
pate]. Scattering; causing a disappearance; also 
a remedy which so acts. 
disdiaclast (dis-di'ak-last) [Gr. bls twice + bcauXap 
to break through]. Any one of the doubly re- 
fracting elements of the contractile substance of 
muscle. 
disease (diz-ez') [Fr. des neg. + aise ease]. 1. Any 
departure from a state of health; an illness; more 
frequently the genus or kind of disturbance of 
health to which any particular case of sickness 
may be assigned. Acosta's d., mountain sick- 
ness. acute d., a disease characterized by a swift 
onset and short course. Adams' d., Adams- 
Stokes d., Huchard's name for permanent brady- 
cardia with attacks of syncope and epilepsy, 
due to arteriosclerosis of the basilar and verte- 
bral arteries. Addison's d., a disease character- 
ized by a bronze-like pigmentation of the skin, 
severe prostration, and progressive anemia, low 
blood-pressure, diarrhea, and digestive disturbance; 
it is due to disease (hypofunction) of the suprarenal 
capsules, and usually ends fatally. Called also me- 
lasma suprarenale and bronzed skin. Albers- 
Schonberg d., osteosclerosis fragilis. Albert's 
d., achillobursitis. Alibert's d., mycosis fun- 
goides. alkali d., a disease occurring in parts of 
Utah as the result of the bite of the deer-fly, and 
marked by fever and by swelling and induration in 
the region of the bite, followed by breaking down of 
the skin and the formation of an ulcer. It is caused 
by Bacterium tularense. Called also deer-fly d., deer- 
fly fever, tularemia, and Pahvant Valley plague. 
Alzheimer's d., a presenile condition marked 
clinically by the symptoms of progressive mental 
weakness and characterized pathologically by the 
presence of miliary plaques in the brain. Anders' 
d., adiposis tuberosa simplex, angiospasmodic 
d., a disease marked by spasms of the various 
vessels of the body, anserine d., a. disease 
marked by emaciation of the extremities, causing 
the hands and feet to resemble a goose's feet. 
Aran-Duchenne d. See atrophy, progressive 
muscular. association d., myoclonus and 
epilepsy existing together, attic d., chronic 
suppurative inflammation of the attic. Au- 
frecht's d., parenchymatous alterations in the 
liver and kidney in infectious jaundice. Au- 
jeszky's d., pseudohydrophobia; an infectious 
bulbar paralysis observed in Hungary and Brazil, 
where it is called the "scratching pest" (peste de 
co(ar). aviators' d., a condition seen in aviators, 
marked by vasomotor disturbance, hypertension, 
headache, and drowsiness. Ayerza's d., a form 
of erythemia marked by chronic cyanosis, chronic 
dyspnea, enlargement of the liver and spleen, hy- 
perplasia of bone-marrow, and associated with 
sclerosis of the pulmonary artery, bad d., syph- 
ilis. Baelz's d., a disease characterized by pain- 
less papules on the mucous membrane of the lips. 
Balfour's d., chloroma or chlorosarcoma. I 
Ballet's d., ophthalmoplegia externa. Bal- 
lingal's d., mycetoma. Bamberger's d. 1. 
Saltatory spasm. 2. Chronic polyserositis (1872). 
Bamberger-Marie d., hypertrophic pulmonary 
osteo-arthropathy. Banti's d., a form of splenic 
anemia attended with cirrhosis of the liver, hy- 
pertrophy of the spleen, and ascites, barcoo 
d., a disease occurring in the elevated parts 
of South Australia, marked by stomach dis- 
order, bulimia, and an eruption which sometimes 
progresses to sloughing of the subcutaneous tissues. 
Barlow's d., infantile scurvy. See scurvy, ba- 
rometer-makers' d., chronic mercurial poison- 
ing in makers of barometers, due to the inhala- 
tion of the fumes of mercury. Basedow's d., 
exophthalmic goiter. See goiter. Bateman's 
d., molluscum contagiosum. Bayle's d., pro- 
gressive general paralysis of the insane. Bazin's 
d., buccal psoriasis. Beard's d.,- neurasthenia. 
Beau's d., cardiac insufficiency. Beauvais' 
d., chronic articular rheumatism. Bechterew's 
d., spondylitis deformans. Begbie's d. i. 
Graves' disease. 2. Bergeron's disease. Beigel's 
d. 1. Hysteric chorea. 2. Trichorrhexis nodosa. 
Bell's d., acute periencephalitis. Bennett's 
d., leukemia. Bergeron's d., hysteric chorea. 
Berlin's d., traumatic edema of the retina. 
Bernhardt's d., meralgia paraesthetica in the 
leg. Beurmann's d., disseminated gummatous 
sporotrichosis. Biermer's d., pernicious anemia. 
Billroth's d. 1. Spurious meningocele. 2. 
Malignant lymphoma, bleeder's d. Same as 
hemophilia. Blocq's d., astasia-abasia, blue 
d., cyanosis. Boeck's d., a multiple benign 
sarcoid characterized by large nodules and reddish 
papules which disappear, leaving a discolored area. 
Bonfils' d., Hodgkin's disease. Bouchard's 
d., dilatation of the stomach from inefficiency of 
the gastric muscles. Bouillaud's d., endo- 
carditis. Bouveret's d., paroxysmal tachy- 
cardia. Bowen's d., a skin disease marked by 
the formation of a pinkish papule or tubercle 
covered by a thickened horn layer, and classed 
as a precancerous dermatosis. Bozzolo's d., 
Kahler's disease. Breda's d., yaws. Brei- 
sky's d., kraurosis vulvae. Bretonneau's 
d., diphtheria of the pharynx. bridegrooms' 
d., thrombosis of the pampiniform plexus from 
sexual excesses. Bright's d., any one of 
a group of kidney diseases attended with 
albuminuria. See nephritis. Brill's d., an 
acute infectious disease of unknown origin, with 
symptoms resembling those of a mild typhus 
infection. Brinton's d. See linitis plastica. 
Brissaud's d., habit spasm. Brocq's d., 
parakeratosis psoriasiformis. Brodie's d. 1. 
Chronic synovitis, especially of the knee, with a 
pulpy degeneration of the parts affected. 2. Hys- 
teric pseudofracture of the spine. Brown- 
Sequard d., a lesion of one lateral half of the 
spinal cord, causing paralysis of motion on one 
side and of sensation on the other. Bruck's d., 
a condition marked by deformity of bones, multiple 
fractures, ankylosis of joints, and atrophy of 
muscles. Bruhl's d., splenic anemia with fever. 
Bruns' d., pneumopaludism. Buerger's d., 
thrombo-angiitis obliterans, buffalo d. See 
barbone. Buhl's d. Same as icterus neonatorum. 
bush d., a disease of sheep and cattle in certain 
parts of New Zealand, marked by progressive 
anemia. Called also lauranga. Busquet's d., 
exostoses on the dorsum of the foot due to osteo- 
periostitis of the metatarsal bones, button d., 
a parasitic disease of young chickens in the tropics, 
marked by the formation of tubercles at the angles 
of the mouth, caisson-d., divers' paralysis; 
tunnel disease; a condition frequently seen in 
those who have worked under high atmospheric 
pressure, as in caissons, diving-bells, etc., after 
they have returned to the ordinary atmosphere. 
The disease is attended with various paralytic 
and apoplectic symptoms-pain in the back, 
paraplegia, incoordination, incontinence of urine, 
etc. California d., coccidioidal granuloma. See 
granuloma, caloric d., any disease due to expos- 
ure to high temperature. Calve-Perthes d., 
a disease of the hip-joint in young children. Called DISEASE 
340 
DISEASE 
also osteochondritis deformans juvenalis coxa. 
carapato d., a disease of tropical Africa, be- 
lieved to be caused by a protozoan blood parasite. 
Carrion's d., Oroya fever. Chabert's d., 
symptomatic anthrax. Chagas' d., a form of 
trypanosomiasis found in man and in the arma- 
dillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the interior of 
Brazil. It is produced by Trypanosoma (Schizo- 
try panum) cruzi which is transmitted by the bed- 
bug (Cimex lectularius), by a Brazilian bug (Lamus 
or Triatoma or Conorhinus magistus), by several 
other species of Lamus and of Cimex and by the 
tick Ornilhodorus. It runs an acute course in 
children and a chronic course in adults, but is 
regularly fatal. Called also Brazilian trypano- 
somiasis, thyroiditis parasitaria, and careotrypanosis. 
Chagas-Cruz d. See Chagas' d. Charcot's 
d., multiple cerebrospinal sclerosis with attendant 
joint inflammations. Charcot's joint d., a 
disease of the joints occurring in diseases of the 
spinal cord and leading to a chronic synovitis 
affecting one or more joints, to brittleness of the 
bones, wasting of the articular extremities, and 
dislocation. Cheadle's d., infantile scurvy. 
Cherchewsky's d., ileus of nervous origin, 
chignon d. See chignon fungus, under fungus. 
chronic d., one which is slow in its progress and 
of long continuance, chylopoietic d., one 
which affects the digestive organs, climatic d., 
any disease thought to be produced by a change 
of climate. Coat's d., retinitis circinata. comb 
d., a kind of favus affecting the combs of fowls, and 
caused by a fungus, Lophophyton gallinarum. Called 
also whitecomb and lophophytosis. complicating 
d., intercurrent d., one which occurs in the 
course of some other disease as a complication. 
Concato's d., progressive malignant inflamma- 
tion of serous membranes, especially of the pleura, 
congenital d., a disease present at birth, 
constitutional d., one which involves a system 
of organs or the whole body, contagious d., 
a disease that is communicable by contact with an 
individual suffering from it or with some secretion 
of such an individual, or with an object touched by 
him. Ci. infectious. Cooper's d., chronic cystic 
disease of the breast, cornstalk d., a disease of 
cattle characterized by enteritis and septicemia, 
due to a bacillus, possibly the B. zea. Corrigan's 
d., aortic incompetency. Corvisart's d., 
chronic hypertrophic myocarditis. Cotugno's 
d., sciatica. Couton's d., tuberculous spon- 
dylosis. creeping d. See creeping eruption, 
under eruption. Cruveilhier's d. 1. Pro- 
gressive muscular atrophy. 2. Ulceration of the 
stomach due to excess of acids and local anemia. 
Cruz-Chagas d. Same as Chagas'd. Cursch- 
mann's d., frosted liver, cysticercus d., 
an affection due to the presence of the larval 
forms of the Ta'nia so'lium (the pork tapeworm). 
Da Costa's d., retrocedent gout. Dalrymple's 
d., cycloceratitis. dancing d., tarantism. 
Danielssen's d., anesthetic leprosy. Dari- 
er's d., keratosis follicularis. David's d. Same 
as Pott's d. Debove's d., splenomegaly, 
de Bruns' d. See pneumopaludism. deer-fly 
d. See alkali d. deficiency d., any disease 
due to the lack of some element in the diet. The 
term includes beriberi, scurvy, pellagra, etc. Cf. 
avitaminosis. Dejerine's d., hypertrophic in- 
terstitial neuritis in infants, deprivation d. 
See deficiency d. Dercum's d., adiposis dolorosa. 
Desnos' d., splenopneumonia. Devergie's d. 
See pityriasis rubra. Dieulafoy's d., exulcera- 
tio simplex of the stomach, diffuse d., a disease 
involving several tracts of the spinal cord. Dit- 
marsch d., a syphilitic disease of Ditmarsch 
(Holstein), probably imported by Norwegian 
laborers in 1785-1787. Dressier's d., recurrent 
hemoglobinuria, drug d. 1. A morbid condition 
due to long-continued use of a drug. 2. In homeop- 
athy, the group of symptoms seen after the admin- 
istration of a drug for the purpose of proving. Du- 
bini's d., electric chorea. Dubois' d., the de- 
velopment of multiple abscesses in the thymus gland 
in congenital syphilis. Duchenne's d. i. See 
Aran-Duchenne's d. 2. Bulbar paralysis. 3 Loco- 
motor ataxia. Duhring's d. See dermatitis mul- 
tiformis. Dukes'd. See fourth d. Dupre's d., 
a psychoneurosis in which the patient makes a con- 
scious effort to control his emotions. Duroziez's 
d., congenital mitral stenosis. Dutton ' s d., try- 
panosomiasis. dynamic d. Same as functional 
d. Ebstein's d., hyaline degeneration and 
necrosis of the epithelial cells of the renal 
tubules: seen in diabetes, echinococcus d. 
See hydatid. Edsall's d., heat-cramp. See 
under cramp. Ehret's d., paralysis of the 
peronei muscles with contraction of their antago- 
nists. Eichhorst's d. See neuritis fascians. 
Eichstedt's d. See tinea versicolor, endemic 
d., one which occurs in some special locality, 
epidemic d., a disease which affects a large num- 
ber of people in some particular region. Epstein- 
Pil d., a relapsing type of pseudoleukemia. Erb ' s 
d., idiopathic muscular atrophy. See atrophy. 
Erb-Charcot d., spasmodic locomotor ataxia. 
Erb-Goldflam d., myasthenia gravis pseudo- 
paralytica. Erichsen's d., railway spine. 
Eulenburg's d., congenita paramyotonia. 
Fallot's d. (1888), congenital cyanosis due to the 
following: (1) Stenosis or obliteration of the pul- 
monary artery; (2) hypertrophy of the right ven- 
tricle; (3) dilatation and deviation of the aorta t6 
the right; (4) interventricular communication, 
fatigue d., a febrile attack due to overexercise 
and the absorption of waste-products. Fauch- 
ard's d., alveolodental periostitis. See periostitis. 
Fede's d., sublingual fibroma. Fenwick's 
d., primary atrophy of the stomach. Fied- 
ler's d. Same as Weil's d. fifth d. See 
erythema infectiosum. Filatow-Dukes d. 
Same as fourth d. file-cutters' d., lead- 
poisoning from inhaling particles of lead which 
arise from the bed of lead used in file-cutting, 
filth d., one due to dirt and unclean habits, 
finger-and-toe d., a disease of cruciferous 
plants caused by Plasmodiophora brassica. Called 
also stump root. fish-skin d., ichthyosis, 
fish-slime d., septicemia following a punctured 
wound made by the spine of a fish. Flajani's 
d., exophthalmic goiter, flax-dressers' d., 
a kind of pneumonia seen in flax-dressers, and 
caused by inhaling particles of flax, flint d. 
Same as chalicosis. focal d., one which is localized 
at one or more foci, foot-and-mouth d., an 
acute febrile disease marked by the formation of 
an eruption of vesicles in the mucous membrane 
of the cheeks and the skin of the digits. It is very 
contagious among ruminant animals and pigs, 
and is often transmitted from the animal to man 
and domestic animals. Called also epizootic 
stomatitis, epidemic stomatitis, aphthous fever, and 
epizootic aphtha. Fordyce's d., a malady of the 
lips and oral mucous membrane, marked by the 
formation of yellowish, milium-like bodies. Foth- 
ergill's d. 1. Trifacial neuralgia. 2. Scarlatina 
anginosa. Fournier's d., fulminating gangrene 
of the genitals, fourth d., an alleged exanthema- 
tous contagious disease resembling rubella, scarla- 
tina, and measles. It is marked by lamellar desqua- 
mation of the skin. Called also Duke's d. fourth 
venereal d. See specific ulcerative and gangrenous 
balanoposthitis, under balanoposthitis. Fox's d. 
Same as Fordyce's d. Friedlander's d., oblitera- 
tive arteritis. Friedmann's d., relapsing in- 
fantile spastic spinal paralysis. Friedreich's d. 
See paramyoclonus multiplex, frien d. See 
friente. Frommel's d., a condition marked by 
prolonged lactation and atrophy of the uterus, 
functional d., any disease without discoverable 
lesion. Fiirstner's d., pseudospastic paralysis 
with tremor, gambian horse d., a disease of 
horses in Senegambia caused by the Trypanosoma 
dimorphon. gannister d., pneumonoconiosis 
due to the inhalation of dust by workers in gan- 
nister. Garre's d., sclerotic non-suppurative DISEASE 
341 
DISEASE 
osteomyelitis. Gaucher's d., familial splenic 
anemia; a form of splenic anemia characterized by 
its frequent familial incidence and marked by the 
presence in the spleen of certain large cells with one 
or more nuclei and a glossy homogeneous cyto- 
plasm. Gayet's d., a rare form of fatal lethargic 
sleep resembling nelavan. Geisbock's d., poly- 
cythemia hypertonica. Gerhardt's d., erythro- 
melalgia. Gerlier's d., paralytic vertigo; a dis- 
ease of the nerves and nerve-centers attacking farm- 
laborers and stablemen, and characterized by pain, 
paresis, vertigo, ptosis, and muscular contractions. 
Gibert's d. See pityriasis rubra. Gilles de la 
Tourette's d., motor incoordination with 
echolalia and coprolalia. Giovannini's d., a 
rare nodular disease of the hair produced by a 
fungus. Glenard's d., splanchnoptosis. Gold- 
flam's d., myasthenia gravis pseudoparalytica. 
Gourand's d., inguinal intestinal hernia. 
Gowers' d., saltatory spasm. Grancher's 
d., splenopneumonia. Graves' d., exophthal- 
mic goiter. Greenhow's d. Same as vagabonds' 
d. Griesinger's d., anemia with dropsy, caused 
by Ankylostomum duodenale and general malnutri- 
tion. Called also cachexia aquosa. Gross' d., 
encysted rectum. Gruby's d., a form of tinea 
tonsurans seen in children, and due to the fungus 
Trichophyton microsporon. Guinea-worm d., 
dracontiasis. Guinon's d. Same as Gilles 
de la Tourette's d. Gull's d., myxedema of 
adults. Gull and Sutton's d., arterio- 
sclerosis. Hallopeau's d., pustular dermatitis. 
Hall's d., spurious hydrocephalus. See hydro- 
cephalus. Halstem's d., endemic syphilis. 
Hammond's d., athetosis, hand-and-foot 
d., a trophoneurotic affection characterized by 
ulceration of the hands and feet. Hanot's d., 
biliary cirrhosis; hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver 
with icterus. See cirrhosis. Harley's d., re- 
current hemoglobinuria. Hayem's d., apoplec- 
tiform myelitis, heart-water d. See hemoglo- 
binuria of sheep. Heberden's d., rheumatism 
of the smaller joints accompanied by nodosities. 
Hebra's d., erythema multiforme. Heine- 
Medin d., acute anterior poliomyelitis. See 
under poliomyelitis, hematopoietic d., dis- 
ease affecting the blood-making organs, hemor- 
rhagic d. of newborn, a condition marked by 
spontaneous hemorrhage from the umbilicus or 
mucous membranes or into the skin sometimes 
occurring in the newborn. Henoch's d., He- 
noch's purpura. See purpura, hereditary d., 
one that is transmitted from parents to children. 
Heubner's d., syphilitic endarteritis of the 
cerebral vessels. Hippel's d., angiogliomatosis 
of the retina. Hirschfeld's d., acute diabetes 
mellitus. Hirschsprung's d., congenital hy- 
pertrophic dilatation of the colon. Hodara's 
d., a kind of trichorrhexis nodosa seen in women 
in Constantinople. Hodgkin's d., a disease 
marked by an infectious granulomatous condition 
(inflammatory enlargement) involving particularly 
the lymphadenoid tissues of the body, with the 
presence in the lymph-glands of fibroblasts, eosino- 
phils, giant-cells, and frequently of an organism, 
Corynebacterium granulomatis maligni, which is pos- 
sibly the causative agent of the disease. The 
glandular enlargement begins on one side of the 
neck and extends thence to the axillary, inguinal, 
mediastinal glands, and to the spleen. It is usu- 
ally attended with a relapsing fever. Called also 
infectious granuloma, malignant granuloma, ma- 
lignant lymphoma, lymphomatosis granulomatosa, 
lymphadenoma, lymphosarcoma, anemia lymphat- 
ica, and pseudoleukemia. Hodgson's d., an 
aneurysmal dilatation of the proximal part of the 
aorta, often accompanied by dilatation or hyper- 
trophy of the heart. Hoffa's d., traumatic pro- 
liferation of fatty tissue (solitary lipoma) in the 
knee-joint (Albert Hoffa, 1904). hookworm d. 
See uncinariasis and ankylostomiasis. Huchard ' s 
d., continued arterial hypertension, thought to be 
a cause of arteriosclerosis. Huguier's d., fibro- 
myoma uteri. Huntington's d. See Hunting- 
ton''s chorea, under chorea. Huppert's d., mul- 
tiple myeloma. Hutchinson's d. Same as 
Tay's choroiditis. See choroiditis. Hutinel's 
d., cardio tuberculous cirrhosis of the liver in 
childhood; marked by cirrhosis of the liver, ascites, 
cyanosis, and swelling of the extremities, hyda- 
tid d., a condition characterized by the presence 
of hydatid cysts, hydrocephaloid d., a condi- 
tion resembling hydrocephalus, but marked by de- 
pression of the fontanels, due to diarrhea or 
some other wasting disease, idiopathic d., 
one not consequent upon any other disease, nor 
upon any known lesion or injury, infectious 
d., one due to a specific and pathogenic micro- 
organism which grows and multiplies in the body, 
elaborating a chemic poison, inherited d., a dis- 
ease that came from one's ancestors, insect- 
borne d's, the principal ones are alkali dis- 
ease dengue, encephalitis lethargica, filariasis, in- 
fantile paralysis, Japanese river fever, kala-azar, 
leishmaniasis, malaria, nagana, papataci fever, 
plague, relapsing fever, Rocky Mountain spotted 
fever, surra, Texas fever, trypanosomiasis, tula- 
remia, typhus fever, and yellow fever, insuf- 
ficiency d. Same as deficiency d. intercur- 
rent d., a disease occurring during the course of 
another disease with which it has no connection, 
interstitial d., one in which the stroma of an 
organ is mainly affected. Isambert's d., acute 
miliary tuberculosis of larynx and pharynx, 
island d., Japanese river-fever. See under fever. 
itch d., a form of dermatitis in horses due to 
the presence of Fusa'rium equi'num. Jacquet's 
d., reflex alopecia; alopecia connected with 
anomalies of the teeth. Jaksch's d. See 
von Jaksch's d. Janet's d., psychasthenia. 
Johne's d., chronic dysentery in cattle. Jour- 
dain's d., suppurative inflammation of the gums 
and alveolar processes of the jaw. Kahler's 
d. See multiple myeloma, under myeloma. Ka- 
posi's d., xeroderma pigmentosum. Kata- 
yama d., a disease caused by Schistosoma japon- 
icum and characterized by diarrhea and dysen- 
teric symptoms, painful enlargement of the liver and 
spleen, with or without fever, anemia, and dropsy. 
Kayser's d., a condition characterized by pig- 
mentation of the body, greenish discoloration of 
the cornea, and intention tremor, and attended by 
diabetes, enlargement of the spleen, and hepatic 
cirrhosis, kedani d., an epidemic disease of 
Japan due to a proteus implanted by the bite of 
a mite (kedani). It is marked by fever, swelling 
of the lymph-glands, and an exanthematous erup- 
tion. Klippel's d., arthritic general pseudo-' 
paralysis, knife-grinders' d., chronic catar- 
rhal bronchitis in knife-grinders. Kohler's 
bone d. r. A disease or malformation. of the 
scaphoid bone of the foot in children, of obscure 
pathology, due to traumatism and developmental 
defect conditioned by traumatism. The symptoms 
are: limping and pain on walking, usually tender- 
ness over the scaphoid, and sometimes redness and 
swelling. Called also tarsal scaphoiditis. 2. A dis- 
ease of the second metatarsal bone, with thickening 
of its shaft and changes about its articular head, 
characterized by pain in the second metatarso- 
phalangeal joint on walking or standing. Korsa- 
koff's d., a condition of impaired memory with a 
tendency to false reminiscence, combined with 
symptoms of multiple neuritis: seen in alcoholics 
and some cases of gastro-intestinal disease. Kris- 
haber's d., a neuropathy affecting the nerves of 
sensation and the heart, and marked by tachy- 
cardia, vertigo, hyperesthesia, and sense illusions. 
Kiimmell's d., a complex of symptoms coming 
on in a few weeks after spinal injury, and con- 
sisting of pain in the spine, intercostal neural- 
gia, motor disturbances of the legs,' and a gib- 
bosity of the spine which is painful on pressure and 
easily reduced by extension; traumatic spondylitis. 
Kussmaul's d., poliomyelitis anterior. Laen- 
nec's d., alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. Lan- DISEASE 
342 
DISEASE 
cereaux-Mathieu d. Same as Weil's d. Lan- 
dry's d., acute ascending paralysis. Lane's 
d., intestinal stasis. Lasegue's d., mania of per- 
secution. Leber's d., hereditray optic atrophy; a 
congenital malformation of the optic nerve, with 
palsy and degeneration of the affected parts. Le- 
gal's d., a disease affecting the pharyngotympanic 
region, and manifested by headache and local in- 
flammatory changes. Legg's d., osteochondritis 
deformans juvenalis. Legg-Calv6 d., Legg- 
Calve-Waldenstrdm d., osteochondritis de- 
formans juvenalis. Leyden's d., a form of peri- 
odic vomiting described by von Leyden. Lit- 
tle's d., a general term for all forms of cere- 
bral spastic diplegia. Lobstein's d., osteop- 
sathyrosis. local d., topical d., one which 
originates in and remains confined to one part. 
Lorain's d. See ateliosis. Lucas-Cham- 
pionniere d., chronic pseudomembranous 
bronchitis. Mackenzie's d. See x-disease. 
MacLean-Maxwell d., a chronic condition 
of the os calcis marked by enlargement of its 
posterior third and attended by pain on pressure. 
Madelung's d. 1. Congenital dislocation of the 
wrists. 2. Symmetric lipomatosis on the neck, 
shoulders, and back. Magitot's d., osteo- 
periostitis of the alveoli of the teeth. Mah- 
ler's d., perivaginitis simplex. Majocchi's d., 
purpura annularis telangiectodes. Malassez's 
d., cyst of the testicle. March's d., exophthal- 
mic goiter. Marfan's d., progressive spastic 
paraplegia in children with hereditary syphilis, due 
to a myelitis of the pyramidal tract. Marie's d., 
acromegaly. Marie-Bamberger d., hyper- 
trophic pulmonary osteo-arthropathy. Martin's 
d., periosteo-arthritis of the foot from excessive 
walking, massai d., a disease of East Africa, 
marked by fever, vomiting, and abdominal tender- 
ness: it is thought to be filarial in nature, mas- 
toid d., mastoiditis. Mathieu's d., Weil's 
disease. Mauriac's d., erythema nodosum 
syphiliticum. Meige's d. Same as Milroy's d. 
Meniere's d., an inflammatory process and con- 
gestion of the semicircular canals, manifested by 
pallor, vertigo, and various aural and ocular dis- 
turbances. Called also aural vertigo and auditory 
vertigo. Meyer's d., adenoid vegetations of the 
pharynx, miasmatic d., one due to malarial 
poisoning. Mibelli's d., porokeratosis. Mi- 
kulicz's d., chronic enlargement of the lacrimal 
and salivary glands, due to replacement of the 
glandular tissue by lymph-cells. Called also achro- 
acytosis. milk-borne d's, the principal ones are 
Asiatic cholera, diphtheria, dysentery, food infec- 
tions, foot-and-mouth disease, infantile diar- 
rhea, Malta fever, scarlatina, septic sore throat, 
tuberculosis, and typhoid fever. Mills' d., pro- 
gressive ascending hemiplegia. Milroy's d., a 
form of hereditary edema of the legs. Called also 
Meige's disease. Mitchell's d., erythromelalgia. 
mitral d., disease of the mitral valves. 
Moeller-Barlow d., subperiosteal hematoma 
in rickets. Morand's d., paresis of the extrem- 
ities. Morel-Kraepelin d., dementia praecox. 
Morton's d., metatarsalgia. Morvan's d., 
syringomyelia, mountain d., mountain sick- 
ness. Miinchmayer's d., a diffuse progressive 
ossifying poliomyelitis. Mya's d., congenital 
dilatation of the colon, nanukayamid. See un- 
der nanukayami. naronian d., an endemic inter- 
mittent fever once prevalent at Narenta (Bosnia), 
navicular d., necrotic inflammation of the navic- 
ular bone in horses, causing intermittent lameness. 
Neftel's d., inability to sit, stand, or walk with- 
out discomfort and paresthesias of the back and 
head, all movements being easily executed in the 
recumbent position, nervous d., any disease in- 
volving or affecting the nervous system, nodule 
d., a disease of sheep caused by a minute worm, 
(Esophagos'toma columbia'num, which infests the 
intestines, becoming embedded in the mucous mem- 
brane, where it forms small nodules, nutri- 
tional d., disturbance of nutrition and function 
without visible lesion, occupation d., one due 
to one's employment. Ollier's d.( achondro- 
plasia. Oppenheim's d., congenital myatonia. 
organic d., one due to or accompanied by struc- 
tural changes visible to the unaided eye. Osgood- 
Schlatter d. Same as Schlatter's d. Osler's 
d., chronic cyanosis with enlarged spleen and 
polycythemia. See erythemia. Paget's d. i. 
Osteitis deformans. 2. An inflammatory affection 
of the areola and nipple, often becoming cancerous, 
pandemic d., one which occurs over an entire 
country, or even more or less over the world, 
parasitic d., one caused by vegetable or animal 
parasites, parenchymatous d., one which 
attacks the parenchyma of an organ. Parkin- 
son's d., paralysis agitans. paroxysmal d., 
one occurring in sudden seizures. Parrot's d., 
syphilitic pseudoparalysis. Parry's d., exoph- 
thalmic goiter. Parson ' s d., exophthalmic goiter. 
Pavy's d., recurrent albuminuria. Paxton's 
d., tinea nodosa or trichorrhexis nodosa, pearl- 
workers' d., recurrent inflammation of bone 
with hypertrophy, seen in persons who work in 
pearl-dust. Pei-Ebstein d., lymphadenoma 
marked by periodical attacks of pyrexia, peri- 
odic d., a disease which recurs at regular in- 
tervals or at the same period in every year, perio- 
dontal d., a disease or disorder of the tissues sur- 
rounding the root of a tooth. Perthes' d. See 
osteochondritis deformans juvenalis. Pfeiffer's d., 
glandular fever. Phoca's d. Same as Tillaux's 
d. Pick's d., Pick's sundrome. See syndrome. 
pink d. See erythredema. Pinta d. See pinta. 
Poncet's d., tuberculous rheumatism. Po- 
tain's d., pulmonary and pleural edema. Pott's 
d., osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually of 
tuberculous origin: it is marked by stiffness of the 
vertebral column, pain on motion, tenderness on 
pressure, prominence of certain of the vertebral 
spines, and occasionally abdominal pain, abscess 
formation, and paralysis. Poulet's d., rheu- 
matic osteoperiostitis. Profichet's d. See 
Profichet's syndrome, under syndrome. Purt- 
scher's d., traumatic angiopathy in the retina 
with lymphorrhagia. pyramidal d. See buttress 
foot, under foot. Quincke's d., giant urticaria; 
urticaria cedematosa. Quinquaud's d., a 
purulent folliculitis of the scalp, causing irregular 
bald patches, rag-sorters' d. 1. See anthrax. 
2. A febrile disease with cough and headache, seen in 
rag-sorters, and due probably to a bacillus. Ray- 
naud's d. 1. A vasomotor neurosis in children 
and young adults, marked by attacks of cold or 
emotional excitement (local syncope), and in the 
severer cases by capillary congestion and livid 
swelling (local asphyxia), which may eventually 
result in gangrene (Raymond's gangrene, symmetric 
gangrene). 2. Paralysis of the throat muscles follow- 
ing parotiditis. Recklinghausen's d. 1. Mul- 
tiple neurofibromata. 2. Osteitis fibrosa osteoplas- 
tica. 3. Neoplastic arthritis deformans. Reclus' 
d. 1. A painless cystic enlargement of the mammae, 
marked by multiple dilatations of the acini and 
ducts. 2. See ligneous phlegmon, under phlegmon. 
Reichmann's d., continuous secretion of gastric 
juice; gastrosuccorrhea. Reiter's d., a remittent 
fever of the tropics of unknown causation, marked 
by pains in the muscles and joints, nephritis, jaun- 
dice, conjunctivitis, iritis, and cystitis, respira- 
tory d., one which affects the respiration. Rie- 
del's d., ligneous thyroiditis. Riga's d., cachec- 
tic aphthae. Riggs' d., alveolar pyorrhea. Rit- 
ter's d., dermatitis exfoliativa infantum. Rival- 
ta's d., actinomycosis. Robinson's d., hydro- 
cystoma. Roger ' s d., the presence of an abnormal 
congenital communication between the ventricles 
of the heart. Rokitansky's d., acute yel- 
low atrophy of the liver. Romberg's d., 
facial hemiatrophy. Rosenbach's d. ,Same 
as Heberden's nodes. See node. Rossbach's d., 
hyperchlorhydria. Roth's d., meralgia paraes- 
thetica. Roth-Bernhardt d., meralgia paraes- 
thetica. Rummo's d., downward displace- DISEASE 
343 
DISEASE 
ment of the heart. Rust's d., tuberculous 
spondylitis of the cervical vertebrae. sacro- 
iliac d., chronic tuberculous inflammation of 
the sacro-iliac joint. St. Agatha's d., mam- 
mitis. St. Aignon's d., tinea favosa. St. An- 
thony's d. 1. Chorea. 2. Epidemic gangrene. 
St. Apollonia's d., toothache. St. Aver- 
tin's d., epilepsy. St. Avidus* d., deafness. 
St. Blasius' d., quinsy. St. Clair's d. See 
ophthalmia. St. Dymphna's d., insanity. St. 
Erasmus' d., colic. St. Fiacre's d., hem- 
orrhoids. St. Francis' d., erysipelas. St. 
Gervasius' d., rheumatism. St. Gete's d., 
carcinoma. St. Giles' d. 1. Leprosy. 2. Carci- 
noma. St. Hubert's d., hydrophobia. St. 
Job's d., syphilis. St. Main's d., scabies. St. 
Mathurin's d., idiocy. St. Modestus' d., 
chorea. St. Roch's d., plague. St. Sement's 
d., syphilis. St. Valentine's d., epilepsy. St. 
Zachary's d., dumbness. San Joaquin Val- 
ley d., coccidioidal granuloma.: sandworm d., 
a skin disease of Australia characterized by an area 
of erythema on the inner side of the sole, which 
spreads in spiral lines. sartian d., a facial 
skin disease endemic in Asiatic Russia: probably 
furunculus orientalis. Saunders' d., a danger- 
ous condition seen in infants having digestive dis- 
turbances to whom is given a large percentage of 
carbohydrates. It is marked by vomiting, cere- 
bral symptoms, and depression of circulation. 
Savill's d., epidemic eczema. Schamberg's 
d., a peculiar progressive pigmentary skin eruption 
of inflammatory character. Schenck's d., sporo- 
trichosis. Schimmelbusch's d., cystic de- 
generation of the breast with adhesion of the 
ovary or tube to the cecum, which is distended 
with feces. Schlatter's d., avulsion of the 
tongue-shaped projection of the tubercle of the 
tibia. Schlatter-Osgood d., Schlatter's dis- 
ease. Schdnlein's d., purpura rheumatica. 
Schwediauer's d., achillobursitis. scythian 
d., atrophy of the penis and testicles from sexual 
perversion, senecio d., cirrhosis of the liver due 
to senecio poisoning, septic d., one which arises 
from the development of pyogenic or putrefactive 
organisms, serum d. See serum sickness, under 
sickness, shimanushi d. See Japanese river fe- 
ver, under fever.' shuttlemakers' d., a condition 
in shuttlemakers, marked by faintness, shortness of 
breath, headache, nausea, etc., attributed to in- 
haling the dust of poisonous wood from which the 
shuttles are made. Simmond's d., cachexia hy- 
pophyseopriva. specific d., any disease, such 
as syphilis, due _ to a characteristic morbific 
agency, sporadic d., a disease occurring 
in single cases. Sterbe d., a disease of horses 
in South Africa. A serum prepared from horses 
affected with this disease is said to be cura- 
tive of malarial poisoning. Sternberg's d., tu- 
berculous pseudoleukemia. Still's d., a variety 
of chronic polyarthritis affecting children and 
marked by enlargement of lymph-nodes, generally 
of the spleen, and irregular fever. Stokes' d., 
exophthalmic goiter. Stokes-Adams' d., an 
affection marked by slow pulse, attacks of vertigo, 
and epileptoid or apoplectoid seizures, probably 
due to arteriosclerosis of vertebral and basilar 
arteries. Strachan's d., a form of multiple 
neuritis described by Strachan in patients in 
Kingston, Jamaica: now believed to be pellagra, 
straw-mattress d. See straw-itch, under 
itch, structural d., any disease in which 
there are microscopic changes. Strumpell's 
d., polioencephalomyelitis. Striimpell-Marie 
d., rhizomelic spondylosis, subacute d., a 
disease more protracted and less active than an 
acute disease. subchronic d., one more pro- 
tracted than an acute disease, but less so than a 
chronic one. Sutton and Gull's d., arterio- 
sclerosis. Swediaur's d., inflammation of the 
calcaneal bursa, system d., one which affects 
a particular nerve-tract or system of nerve-fibers. 
Talma's d., myotonia acquisita. tarabagan 
d., an epizootic disease affecting marmots (tara- 
bagans) in Mongolia. The disease resembles bu- 
bonic plague, and is highly infective to man. tar- 
taric d., gout and calculus (Paracelsus). Tay- 
Sachs' d., amaurotic family idiocy. Thom- 
sen's d., a disease, usually congenital and hered- 
itary, characterized by tonic spasm and rigidity of 
certain muscles when an attempt is made to move 
them after a period of rest or when mechanically 
stimulated. The stiffness disappears as the mus- 
cles are used. Called also myotonia congenita. 
Thornwaldt's d. See bursitis. Tomaselli's 
d., pyrexia and hematuria due to excessive use of 
quinin. Tourette's d., a nervous disease marked 
by incoordination, speech-disorders, and convul- 
sions. tricuspid d., disease of the tricuspid 
valves. Trousseau's d., stomachal vertigo. See 
vertigo, tsetse-fly d., infection of animals in 
South Africa with trypanosomes which are inocu- 
lated into them by means of the tsetse-fly. tsu- 
tsugamushi d., an acute infectious disease 
endemic in certain parts of Japan, transmitted by 
the bite of a mite, Leptus (Trombidium) akamashi, 
and marked by a small necrotic ulcer at the site of 
the bite, enlargement of the lymph-nodes of the 
region, macular eruption, and a continuous fever 
lasting about three weeks. Called also Japanese 
river fever, flood fever, island fever, kedani disease, 
akamuchi disease, shimanuski disease, yochubio, and 
shashitsu. tunneld., ankylostomiasis. Under- 
wood's d., sclerema neonatorum. Unna's d., 
seborrheic eczema. Unverricht's d., poly clonic 
epileptica. vagabonds' d., vagrants' d., 
parasitic melanoderma: discoloration of the skin in 
persons of filthy habits, caused by the irritation of 
lice. Vaquez's d., Vaquez-Osler d. See ery- 
thremia. venereal d., a contagious disease, most 
commonly acquired in sexual intercourse: as gon- 
orrhea, chancroid, or syphilis. Verneuil's d., 
syphilitic disease of the bursae; syphilitic bursop- 
athy. Vincent's d. See Vincent's angina, under 
angina. Virchow'sd., leontiasisossium. Volk- 
mann's d., a congenital deformity of the foot due 
to a tibiotarsal dislocation. Voltolini's d., an 
acute purulent inflammation of the internal ear, 
with violent pain, followed by fever, delirium, and 
unconsciousness, von Jaksch's d., pseudoleu- 
kemic anemia of infants, due to disease of the spleen 
and lymphatic glands. Wardrop's d., onychia 
maligna. Wegner's d., osteochondritic separa- 
tion of the epiphyses in hereditary syphilis. Weil's 
d., an acute infectious disease characterized by 
jaundice, fever, muscular pain, and enlargement of 
the liver and spleen. The symptoms last from ten 
days to two weeks, and recovery is usually un- 
eventful. It is due to a spirochete, Spirochceta 
(Leptospira') icterohamorrhagice. Called also 
acute febrile jaundice, infectious jaundice, epidemic 
catarrhal jaundice, icterogenic spirochetosis, spiro- 
chetosis icterohamorrhagica, and Fiedler's disease. 
Weir-Mitchell d., erythromelalgia. Werl- 
hof's d., purpura haemorrhagica. Werner-His 
d., trench fever. Wernicke's d., acute hem- 
orrhagic polioencephalitis. Westberg's d., a 
condition marked by the formation of white spots 
upon the skin. White's d., keratosis follicularis. 
white-spot d., degeneration of the papillary and 
reticular layers of the skin, marked by the forma- 
tion of white, bead-like spots; morphea guttata. 
Whitmore's d., a condition somewhat re- 
sembling glanders seen in broken-down morphin 
and cocain victims in India. Called also morphin 
injector's septicemia. Whytt's d., hydroceph- 
alus internus. Widal-Abrami d., acquired 
hemolytic jaundice. Wilk's d., chronic paren- 
chymatous nephritis. Willis' d., diabetes. 
Wilson's d. i. Dermatitis exfoliativa. 2. See pro- 
gressive lenticular degeneration, under degeneration. 
Wilson-Brocq d., Wilson's disease (1st def.). 
Winckel's d., an extremely fatal disease of new- 
born infants, characterized by icterus, hemorrhage, 
bloody urine, and cyanosis. Windscheid's 
d., the series of nervous symptoms associ- DISENGAGEMENT 
344 
DISORGANIZATION 
ated with arteriosclerosis. Woillez's d., acute 
idiopathic congestion of the lungs, wool- 
sorters' d., a form of anthrax attacking those who 
handle wool. x-d. See x-disease. Ziehen- 
Oppenheim d. See dystonia musculorum de- 
formans. zymotic d., one due to the action of a 
ferment, as of a morbific germ or a ptomain. 
disengagement (dis-en-gaj'ment). Escape from 
confinement, especially the emergence of the 
fetal head from the vaginal canal in labor, or of 
an impacted tumor. 
disequilibrium (dis-e-kwil-ib're-um). Unstable 
equilibrium, either physical or mental. 
disharmonious (dis-har-mo'ne-us). Out of har- 
mony : a term applied by Abderhalden to substances 
foreign to the body and thus out of harmony with 
the body cells. 
disinfect (dis-in-fekt') [L. dis- apart + infi'cere to 
corrupt]. To free from pathogenic substances 
or organisms, or to render them inert. 
disinfectant (dis-in-fek'tant). i. Freeing from 
infection. 2. An agent that disinfects, chiefly by 
destroying infective agents (pathogenic micro- 
organisms) or rendering ferments inactive, com- 
plete d., a disinfectant which destroys spores as 
well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, in- 
complete d., a disinfectant which destroys vege- 
tative forms of organisms, but does not injure 
spores. 
disinfectin (dis-in-fek'tin). A dark-brown liquid 
derived from the residues of naphtha distillation. 
It is disinfectant. 
disinfection (dis-in-fek'shun). The act or proc- 
ess of destroying pathogenic germs or agents, 
concurrent d., disinfection of discharges and 
all infective matter all through the course of a 
disease, terminal d., disinfection, as of a room 
or house, after the recovery of a patient from an 
infectious disease. 
disinfectol (dis-in-fek'tol). A proprietary mixture 
of crude cresol, tar hydrocarbons, resin, soap, and 
alkalis; disinfectant. 
disinfestation (dis-in-fes-ta'shun). The extermi- 
nation or destruction of insects; especially destruc- 
tion of lice; delousing. 
disinsected (dis-in-sek'ted) Freed from insects 
or vermin. 
disinsection (dis-in-sek'shun). Removal of insects 
from; extermination of insects or vermin. 
disinsector (dis-in-sek'tor). An apparatus for the 
removal of insects or vermin from patients or their 
clothing. 
disintegration (dis-in-te-gra'shun) [L. dis- apart + 
in'teger entire]. 1. Decay. 2. Disassimilation or 
catabolism. 
disintoxication (dis"in-toks-ik-a'shun). The re- 
moval of toxic principles; the act of rendering 
toxic substances harmless. 
disinvagination (dis-in-vaj-in-a'shun). Reduction 
of an invagination. 
disk (disk) [L. dis'cus]. 1. A circular or rounded 
flat plate or organ. 2. A medicated lamella. 
Amici's d. Same as membrane of Krause. 
anangioid d., a retinal disk without blood-vessels, 
anisotropous d. Same as transverse d. Bar- 
deen's primitive d., the embryonic structure 
which develops into the intervertebral ligament. 
Blake's d's, disks of paper for pasting over the 
drum after operation for otitis, blastodermic 
d., the germinal disk after segmentation has 
begun, blood-d., a blood-corpuscle; more cor- 
rectly, a blood-platelet. Bowman's d's, flat, disk- 
like plates which make up striated muscular fibers, 
choked d., an inflamed and edematous optic 
disk, due to increased intracranial pressure. Called 
also papillo-edema. corundum d., a device used 
in dentistry for cutting away a portion of two con- 
tiguous teeth; it is operated by a dental engine, 
dental d., a thin, circular piece of paper or other 
material, covered with abrasive powder and used 
for polishing teeth or fillings. It is usually oper- 
ated by a dental engine. Engelmann's d. 
Same as Hensen's d. epiphyseal d., the flat- 
tish epiphysis on the proximal or distal surface of 
each vertebra, gelatin d., a disk or lamella of 
gelatin, variously medicated: chiefly used in eye dis- 
eases. germinal d., a flattish area in a fertilized 
ovum in which the first traces of the embryo are seen. 
Hensen's d., the pale, thin disk dividing a mus- 
cle-case into two portions, interarticular d., an 
interarticular fibrocartilage. intervertebral d., 
a layer of fibrocartilage between the bodies of ver- 
tebrae. optic d., the area of the retina where the 
optic nerve enters it. Placido's d., a disk having 
concentric circles marked on it: used in exam- 
ining the cornea. proligerous d., the discus 
proligerus. Ranvier's tactile d's, ter- 
minations of nerve-fibers in cup-shaped bodies 
in the transparent substance between Grandry's 
corpuscles, stenopeic (stenopseic) d., an 
opaque disk having a narrow slit: used for test- 
ing astigmatism, straboscopic d., a disk used 
in eye examinations to produce distortion of ob- 
jects seen, tactile d., a disk-like nerve-termi- 
nation in a tactile cell, as in an end-organ of a 
nerve of special sense, transverse d., one of 
the dark transverse layers of a muscle-fiber. 
diskitis (dis-ki'tis). Same as discitis. 
dislocatio (dis-lo-ka'she-o). Dislocation. d. 
erec'ta, subglenoid dislocation of the shoulder 
with the arm in a vertical position and the hand on 
top of the head. 
islocation (dis-lo-ka'shun) [L. dis- apart + loca're 
to place]. The displacement of any part, more 
especially of a bone, closed d. Same as sim- 
ple d. complete d., one which completely 
separates the surfaces of a joint, complicated 
d., one which is associated with other important 
injuries, compound d., one in which the joint 
communicates with the external air. congenital 
d., one which exists from or before birth, con- 
secutive d., one in which the luxated bone has 
changed its position since its first displacement, 
divergent d., one in which the ulna and radius 
are dislocated separately, habitual d., one 
which often recurs after replacement, incom- 
plete d., a subluxation; a slight displacement, 
intra-uterine d., one which occurs to the fetus 
in utero. d. of the lens, displacement of the 
crystalline lens of the eye. Monteggia's d., dis- 
location of the hip-joint in which the head of the 
femur is near the anterosuperior spine of the ilium. 
Nelaton's d., dislocation of the ankle in which the 
astragalus is forced up between the end of the tibia 
and the fibula, bld d., a dislocation in which in- 
flammatory changes have occurred, partial d. 
Same as incomplete d. pathologic d., one which 
results from paralysis, or from a local or other 
disease, primitive d., one in which the bones 
remain as originally displaced, recent d., one 
in which there is no complicating inflammation, 
simple d., one in which the joint is not pene- 
trated by a wound, subastragalar d., separa- 
tion of the calcaneum and the scaphoid from the 
astragalus, thyroid d., displacement of the 
head of the femur into the thyroid foramen, 
traumatic d., one due to an injury or to vio- 
lence. 
disocclude (dis-ok-lud'). To grind a tooth so that 
it does not touch its antagonist in the other jaw in 
any of the movements of mastication. 
disodic (di-so'dik). Having two atoms of sodium 
in each molecule. 
disodium methylarsenate. See arrhenal. 
disomus (di-so'mus) [Gr. 5i- two + aw/xa body]. A 
double-bodied monster. 
disorganization (dis-or"gan-iz-a'shun). The 
process of destruction of any organic tissue; any 
profound change in the tissues of an organ or 
structure which causes the loss of most or all of 
its proper characters. 345 
DISTILLATION 
disorientation (dis-o"re-en-ta'shun). The loss 
of proper bearings, or a state of mental confusion 
as to time, place, or identity. 
disotrin (di-so'trin). A proprietary digitoxin 
preparation. 
disoxidation (dis-ok-sid-a'shun). Deoxidation. 
Disp. Abbreviation for dispensatory. 
disparasitized (dis-par'ah-si-tizd). Freed from 
parasites. 
disparate (dis'par-at) [L. dispara'tus, dis' par 
unequal]. Not situated alike; not exactly paired. 
dispareunia (dis-par-u'ne-ah). See dyspareunia. 
dispensary (dis-pen'sa-re) [L. dispensa'rium, from 
dispensa're to dispense]. A place for the gratui- 
tous treatment of patients and free, distribution 
of medicines. 
dispensatory (dis-pen'sa-to-re) [L. dispensato'- 
rium]. A treatise on the qualities and com- 
position of medicines. 
dispense (dis-pens') [L. dispensa're, dis- out + 
pensa're to weigh]. To prepare and distribute 
medicines to those who are to use them. 
dispermin (di-sper'min). Piperazin. 
disperse (dis-pers') [L. dis- apart + spa/gere to 
scatter]. 1. To destroy or scatter, as a tumor, by 
separating the component parts. 2. The particles 
suspended in a colloid solution, d. medium, the 
continuous phase of a colloid system; the medium 
in which a colloid is dispersed, corresponding to 
the solvent in a true solution, d. particles, the 
disperse phase of a colloid system; the particles of 
colloid in a colloid system, d. system, a colloid 
solution. 
dispersible (dis-peFsib-l). Capable of being dis- 
persed or discussed. 
dispersidology (dis-per-sid-ol'o-je). Colloid chem- 
istry'; the chemistry of colloids. 
dispersion (dis-per'shun) [L. disper'sio], 1. The 
act of scattering or separating; the condition of 
being scattered. 2. The incorporation of the par- 
ticles of one substance into the body of another, 
comprising solutions, suspensions, and colloid solu- 
tions. 3. A colloid solution., coarse d., a 
mechanical suspension, colloid d.,.a colloid 
solution, molecular d., a true solution. 
dispersity (dis-per'sit-e). The degree of dispersion 
of a colloid; i. e., the degree to which the dimen- 
sions of the disperse particles have been reduced. 
dispersoid (dis-per'soid). A colloid system in which 
the dispersity is relatively great. 
dispira (dis-pi'rah) [L. dis- two + spi'ra coil]. See 
dispirem. 
dispirem, dispireme (di-spi'rem, di-spi'rem) [Gr. 
bls twofold + aTrelprjpa coil]. The stage of cell- 
division which follows the diaster; so called because 
the protoplasm is divided into two parts, in each of 
which the chromatin assumes the form of a coil. 
See karyokinesis. 
displacement (dis-plas'ment). 1. Removal from 
the normal position or place; ectopia. 2. Perco- 
lation. 3. A Freudian term for the substitution of 
one idea for another, or an exchange of a colorless 
and abstract expression in the dream-thought for 
one that is visual and concrete (Brill), fetal d., 
a group of cells which, during fetal development, 
has become displaced from its normal relations, 
fish-hook d., a form of displacement of the 
stomach in which the orifice of the pylorus faces 
directly upward, and the duodenum runs upward 
and to the right to join the pylorus at an angle, 
producing a constricting hook. 
dissect (dis-sekt') [L. disseca're to cut up]. To 
cut apart, as tissues for anatomic study. 
dissection (dis-sek'shun) [L. disse/tio). The cut- 
ting apart of tissues, as in anatomic study or in 
surgery. 
disseminated (dis-sem'in-a-ted) [L. dis- apart + 
semina're to sow]. Scattered; distributed over 
a considerable area. 
DISORIENTATION 
dissepiment (dis-sep'im-ent). Partition; separa- 
tion. 
dissimilate (dis-sim'il-at). To disassimilate. 
dissimilation (dis"sim-il-a'shun) [L. dis- neg. + 
sim'ilis alike], Disassimilation, or catabolic change. 
dissociable (dis-so'she-abl). Easily separable into 
component parts; separable from associations. 
dissociated (dis-so'se-a-ted). Split ofi from con- 
sciousness. Cf. dissociation (3d def.). 
dissociation (dis-so-se-a'shun) [L. dis- neg. + 
socia'tio union], 1. The act of separating or 
state of being separated. 2. Resolution by heat 
of a molecule into two or more simpler mole- 
cules. 3. The condition in which an experience is 
stored up in the mind, but remains without the 
realm of consciousness, so that it cannot be repro- 
duced. Cf. subconscious, d. symptom. See 
symptom. 
dissolecule (dis-ol'ik-ul). The apparent molecular 
weight of a substance in solution at the boiling- 
point of the solution. 
dissolution (dis-so-lu'shun) [L. dissolu'tio, dis- 
sol'vere to dissolve]. A separation of the soul 
from the body; death. 
dissolve (dis-solv'). 1. To cause a substance to 
melt away in a liquid. 2. To melt away in a 
liquid. 
dissolvent (dis-sol'vent). 1. A solvent medium. 
2. A medicine capable of dissolving concretions 
within the body. 3. Solvent; capable of dissolv- 
ing substances. 
dissonance (dis'so-nans). A combination of tones 
which produce discords. 
Dist. Abbreviation for L. distil'la, distil. 
distad (dis'tad). In a distal direction or on the 
distal aspect. 
distal (dis'tal). Remote; farthest from the center, 
origin, or head; opposed to proximal. 
distalia (dis-ta'le-ah). The bones of the distal row 
of the carpus or tarsus. 
distance (dis'tans). The length of space between 
two objects, angular d., the aperture of the 
angle made at the eye by lines drawn from the eye 
to two objects, focal d., the distance from a focus 
to a refracting or reflecting surface, or, in the 
case of a lens, to the principal point of the lens, 
infinite d., in ophthalmology, a distance of 
twenty feet or more: so called because rays en- 
tering the eye from an object at that distance are 
practically as parallel as if they came from a 
point at an infinite distance, working d., the dis- 
tance between the front lens of a microscope and 
the object when correctly focused. 
distemper (dis-tem'per). A name of several in- 
fectious diseases of animals: especially, a con- 
tagious catarrhal disease of pups caused by Bac- 
terium bronchisepticum. colt d. Same as 
strangles. 
distensibility (dis-ten-sib-il'it-e). Capability of 
being distended. 
distichia, distichiasis (dis-tik'e-ah, dis-tik-i'as-is) 
[Gr. bls twice + arixps row]. An affection in 
which there are two rows of eyelashes, one or 
both of which are turned inward against the eye. 
distil (dis-til') [L. destilla're; de from + stilla're 
to drop]. To volatilize by heat and then cool 
and recollect the evaporated matter. 
distillate (dis'til-at). The portion which has been 
distilled over. 
distillation (dis- til-a' shun). Vaporization; the 
process of distilling and condensing vapor, de- 
structive d., that which is attended with chemic 
decomposition and formation of new compounds 
in the distillate, dry d., distillation, of solids 
without the addition of liquids, fractional d., 
that which is attended by the successive sepa- 
ration of volatilizable substances in the order of 
their respective volatibility. DISTINCTOR 
346 
distinctor (dis-tink'tor). Same as palpatorium. 
distobuccal (dis-to-buk'al). Pertaining to the dis- 
tal and buccal surfaces of teeth. 
distobucco-occlusal (dis-to-buk-o-ok-lu'sal). Per- 
taining to the distal, buccal, and occlusal surfaces 
of a tooth. 
distobuccopulpal (dis-to-buk-o-pul'pal). Relat- 
ing to the distal, buccal, and pulpal walls of a tooth 
cavity. 
distocervical (dis-to-ser'vik-al). Pertaining to the 
distal and cervical walls of a cavity tooth. 
distocia, distokia (dis-to'se-ah, -ke-ah) [Gr. bls 
twice + tokos birth]. The birth of the second child, 
distoclusal (dis-to-klu'sal). Pertaining to the dis- 
tal and occlusal walls of a tooth cavity. 
distoclusion (dis-to-klu'zhun). A malrelation of 
the dental arches in which the mandibular arch is 
in a distal or posterior position in relation to the 
maxillary arch. Called also posteroclusion and 
posterio-occlusion. 
distolabial (dis-to-la'be-al). Distal and labial: de- 
noting the portion of a tooth between its distal and 
labial surfaces. 
distolingual (dis-to-ling'gwal). Distal and lingual; 
denoting the portion of a tooth between its distal 
and lingual surfaces. 
Distoma, Distomum (dis'to-mah, dis'to-mum) 
[Gr. 3is two 4- aropa mouth]. The former name 
of a genus of trematode worms: but as now used, 
a general term including the various genera of 
trematodes or flukes, such as Paragonimus, Fas- 
ciola, etc. D. bus'ki. See Fasciolopsis buski. 
D. conjunc'tum. See Opisthorchis noverca. 
D. cras'sum. See Fasciolopsis buski. D. 
hsemato'bium. See Schistosoma hamatobium. 
D. hepat'icum. See Fasciola hepatica. D. 
lancea'tum. See Dicroccelium lancea'tum. D. 
pulmona'le, D. rin'geri. See Paragonimus 
westermanii. D. sinen'sis. See Opisthorchis 
sinensis. D. westerman'ii. See Paragonimus 
westermanii. 
distomatosis, distomia (dis"to-ma-to'sis, di-sto'- 
me-ah) [Gr. 61s two 4- aropa mouth], 1. The 
presence of two mouths. 2. Infection with dis- 
toma; distomiasis. 
distomiasis (dis-to-mi'as-is). Trematode infec- 
tion; fluke infection; the condition produced by 
the presence of Distoma in the body, hemic d., 
schistosomiasis, hepatic d., infestation with 
Opisthorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica or Dicro- 
ccelium. intestinal d., infestation with Fas- 
ciolopsis buskii. pulmonary d., infection with 
the lung-fluke, Paragonimus westermanii. 
distor'tor o'ris. The zygomaticus minor muscle, 
distoversion (dis-to-ver'zhun). The position of a 
tooth when it is more than normally distant from 
the median line. 
distractibility (dis-trak-tib-il'it-e). A morbid or 
abnormal variation of attention; inability to fix 
attention on any subject. 
distraction (dis-trak'shun) [L. dis- apart 4- traPtio 
a drawing]. Traction so exerted as to separate 
surfaces normally opposed. 
distribution (dis-trib-u'shun) [L. distribu'tio\. 
The arrangement of the branches of a nerve or 
artery. 
districhiasis (dis-trik-i'as-is) [Gr. bls double 4- 
Opt^ hair]. A condition in which two hairs grow 
from a single follicle. 
distrix (dis'triks) [Gr. bls double 4- Opl£ hair]. The 
splitting of the hairs at their distal ends. 
disubstituted (di-sub'stit-u-ted). Having two 
atoms in each molecule replaced by other atoms 
or radicals. 
disulphate (di-sul'fat). A sulphate having a re- 
placeable hydrogen atom. 
disulphid (di-sul'fid). A compound of a base 
with two atoms of sulphur. 
disuse-atrophy. See atrophy of disuse. 
disvolution (dis-vo-lu'shun) [L. dis- neg. + vol'vere 
to roll]. Retrogradation; extreme catabolism; de- 
generation. 
dita-bark (de'tah). The bark of Alsto'nia schola'- 
ris, a tree of the Philippines: used as a tonic and 
intermittent fever remedy. 
ditain (dit'ah-in). A poisonous alkaloid, C22H28- 
N2o4 + 4H2O, from dita-bark; its action is like 
that of curare. 
ditamin (dit-am'in). An alkaloid, C19H19NO2) 
from dita-bark. 
dithion (dith'e-on). A mixture of the sodium salts 
of two of the dithiosalicylic acids: an antiseptic 
for external use. 
dithiosalicylic acid (di-thi"o-sal-is-il'ik). See 
acid. 
dithymoldiiodid (di-thi"mol-di-i'o-did). Same as 
aristol. 
Dittrich's plugs (dit'riks) [Franz Dittrich, German 
pathologist, 1815-1859]. See under plug. 
diurate (di-u'rat). Biurate. 
diurazin (di-u-ra'zin). A compound of theobro- 
min, salicylic acid, and formaldehyd: used as an 
antiseptic diuretic. Dose, 6 gr. (0.4 gm.). 
diureid (di-u're-id). See ureid. 
diuresis (di-u-re'sis) [Gr. 61a through + obpeiv to 
urinate]. Increased secretion of urine. 
diuretic (di-u-ret'ik). 1. Increasing the secretion 
of urine. 2. A medicine that promotes the secre- 
tion of urine, alterative d., any drug elimi- 
nated by the kidney and having a salutary eSect 
on the diseased surfaces of the urinary tract, 
cardiac d., a drug which causes diuresis by 
increasing the force of the heart-beat, direct 
d. Same as stimulant d. hydragogue d., 
one which promotes a copious discharge of water 
from the kidneys, indirect d., any diuretic 
which acts by relieving renal congestion or com- 
pression. mechanical d., any agent which acts 
favorably by washing out the urinary tubules, re- 
frigerant d., one which renders the urine less 
irritating, saline d., any saline agent which, 
being absorbed, carries water into the blood. 
Stimulant d., any agent which acts by irritating 
the parenchyma of the kidney. 
diuretin (di-u-re'tin). Theobromin-sodium salicyl- 
ate, C7H7NaN4O2,C6H4OHCOONa, a white pow- 
der: used as a diuretic. Dose, 10-15 gr- (0.666-1 
gm.), repeated four to six times a day. 
diurnal (di-er'nal) [L. di'es day]. Occurring during 
the day. 
diurnule (di-ern'ul) [L. diuPnus daily], A pill or 
other preparation containing the complete allow- 
ance of a medicine for one day. 
diurol (di-u'rol). A sedative diuretic preparation 
of lithium benzoate, buchu, triticum, saw-pal- 
metto, and potassium bicarbonate. 
Div. Abbreviation for L. divide, divide. 
divalent (di'va-lent) [Gr. bls twice + valent]. Same 
as bivalent. 
divergence (di-ver'jenz). A spreading or tending 
apart. 
divergent (di-ver'jent) [L. divePgens; dis- apart 
+ vePgere to tend]. Tending apart; deviating or 
radiating away from a common point. 
divers' paralysis (di'verz). Caisson-disease. 
diverticula (di-ver-tik'u lah). Plural of diverticu, 
lum. 
diverticular (di-ver-tik'u-lar). Pertaining to or 
resembling a diverticulum. 
diverticularization (di-ver-tik-u-lar-iz-a'shun). 
The act of forming diverticula, pockets, etc., during 
development. 
diverticulitis (di-ver-tik-u-li'tis). Inflammation 
of a diverticulum; a condition marked by the forma- 
tion of small pouches along the border of the colon, 
DIVERTICULITIS DIVERTICULOSIS 
347 
DONDERS' GLAUCOMA 
which become filled with feces which sometimes set 
up irritation and give rise to inflammation and ab- 
scess. 
diverticulosis (di-ver-tik-u-lo'sis). The presence 
of diverticula, particularly of intestinal diverticula. 
diverticulum (di-ver-tik'u-lum) [L. diverticula're 
to turn aside]. A pouch or pocket leading off 
from a main cavity or tube, false d., an intestinal 
diverticulum due to the protrusion of the mucous 
membrane through a tear in the muscular coat, 
ganglion d., a hernial protrusion of the synovial 
membrane through a tendon sheath. Heister's 
d., the external jugular sinus, intestinal d., a 
hernial protrusion of the mucosa of the intestine 
through the muscular coat, laryngeal d., a 
diverticulum of the laryngeal mucous membranfe. 
Meckel's d., an occasional sacculation or cecal 
appendage of the ileum, derived from an unobliter- 
ated vitelline duct. Nuck's d., the canal of Nuck. 
Pertik's d., an unusually deep fossa of Rosen- 
muller. pituitary d., an outgrowth from the 
mucous membrane of the back part of the pharynx 
which assist: in forming the pituitary body, pul- 
sion d., a diverticulum caused by pressure within 
the bowel. Rokitansky's d., a traction diver- 
ticulum of the esophagus, synovial d., a hernial 
protrusion of the synovial membrane of a joint or a 
tendon-sheath, traction d., a diverticulum from 
the esophagus, due to adhesions and consequent 
traction, true d., an intestinal diverticulum 
formed by protrusion of the entire intestinal wall. 
Vater's d., the duodenal papilla. See under 
papilla. 
divi-divi (div-e-div'e). The pods of Ccesalpinia, 
plants of South America. They contain tannin 
and are used as astringents. 
divulse (di-vuls'). To pull apart forcibly. 
divulsion (di-vul'shun) [L. dis- apart 4- vel'lere to 
pluck]. The act of separating or pulling apart. 
divulsor (di-vul'sor). An instrument for perform- 
ing divulsion in the urethra. 
D. M. D. Abbreviation for Doctor of Dental Medi- 
cine. 
dmegon (dme'gon). Nicolle and Blaizot's vaccine: 
for use in all cases of gonorrhea. 
Dn. Abbreviation for dekanem. 
dn. Abbreviation for decinem. 
D : N ratio. See under ratio. 
D. N. B. Abbreviation for dinitrobenzene. 
D. O. Abbreviation for Doctor of Osteopathy. 
Dobell's solution (do-belz') [Horace Benge Dobell, 
English physician, 1828-1917]- See solution. 
Dobie's globule, layer or line (do'bez) [William 
Murray Dobie, English physician, 1828-1915]. See 
globule and line. 
dochmiasis, dochmiosis (dok-mi'as-is, dok-me- 
o'sis). Ankylostomiasis or other diseased condi- 
tion due to the presence of a parasite of the genus 
Dochmius. 
Dochmius duodena'lis (dok'me-us). SeeAnkylos- 
toma duodenale. 
docimasia (dos-im-a'ze-ah) [Gr. So/o./iafeu' to ex- 
amine]. An assay or examination; an official test, 
pulmonary d., determination as to whether 
air has entered the lungs of a dead infant, as an 
indication whether it was born dead or alive. 
docimastic (do-se-mas'tik). Pertaining to doci- 
masia; of the nature of an assay or test. 
Dock's test-breakfast (doks) [George Dock, 
American physician, born i860]. See under test- 
meal. 
dodecadactylitis (do"dek-a-dak-til-i'tis) [see 
dodecadactylon]. Inflammation of the duode- 
num. 
dodecadactylon(do"dek-ah-dak'til-on) [Gr. SwSexa 
twelve 4- baKTvXos finger, from its length]. The 
duodenum.. 
Dbderlein's bacillus (ded'er-linz) [Albert Doder- 
lein, German obstetrician, 1860-1919]. See bacillus. 
doeglic acid (deg'lik). See under acid. 
doegling (deg'ling) [Norwegian]. The Balina 
rostra'ta, or lesser rorqual; a whale whose oil is 
used in ointment bases. 
Dogmatists (dog'mat-ists). The first of the post- 
Hippocratic schools of medicine, in which the open- 
minded spirit of Hippocrates' teaching became 
merged with strict formalism which cared more for 
rigid doctrine than for investigation. The most 
important members of this school were Diodes of 
Carystus (born 400 b. c.) and Praxagoras of 
Cos. The dogmatists divided medical science into 
five branches: physiology, etiology, hygiene, seme- 
cology, and therapeutics. 
dog's-bane (dogz'ban). See Apocynum. 
dogwood (dog7wood). See Cornus. 
Dohle's inclusion bodies (do'lez) [P. Dohle, 
German pathologist, born 1855]. See under body. 
Doleris' operation (dol-ar-ez') [Jacques Amadee 
Doleris, French gynecologist, born 1852]. See 
operation. 
doliariin (do-le-a're-in). A derivative from the 
juice of Fi'cus dolia'ria, having vermifuge, pur- 
gative, and digestive properties. 
dolichocephalic, dolichocephalous (dol"ik-o- 
se-fal'ik, dol"ik-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. SoXixos long 4- 
Ke<paM) head]. Long-headed; having the antero- 
posterior, or cephalic, diameter relatively long. 
dolichocephalism, dolichocephaly (dol"ik-o- 
sef'al-izm, dor'ik-o-sef'al-e). The quality of being 
dolichocephalic. 
dolichopellic, dolichopelvic (dol"ik-o-pel'ik, 
dol"ik-o-pel'vik) [Gr. SoXixbs long + ireXXls pelvis]. 
Having an abnormally long pelvis. 
Dolichos (dol'ik-os). Same as Mucuna. 
dolichosigmoid (dol"ik-o-sig'moid) [Gr. 36Xi%os 
long 4- sigmoid]. An abnormally long sigmoid 
flexure. 
dolichostenomelia (dol"ik-o-ste-no-me'le-ah) [Gr. 
SoXixos long -[- arevos narrow 4- ueXos limb]. 
See arachnodactylia. 
Dollinger's ring (del'ing-erz) [Johann Ignaz Josef 
Dollinger, German physiologist, 1770-1841]. See 
under ring. 
dolomol (dol'o-mol). Magnesium stearate, Mg. 
(CHs(CH2)i6CO.O)2: used as a base for antiseptic 
dusting-powder, etc. 
dolonephran (dol-o-nef'ran). A combination of 
alypin and suprarenin, used as an anesthetic. 
dolor (do'lor), pl. dolor'es. Latin for pain. d. 
cap'itis, pain in the head. 
dolo'res va'gi. Wandering pains. See under pain. 
domatophobia (do"mat-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 3w/xa 
house 4- <p6^os fear]. Insane dread of being in a 
house. 
dome-cells (dom'selz). See cell. 
domiciliary (do-mis-il'e-a-re) [L. do'mus house]. 
Pertaining to or carried on in the house, as domic- 
iliary treatment. 
domicilium (do-mis-il'e-um) [L. "a little house"]. 
A pneumatic chamber for the application of rarefied 
or compressed air. 
dominance (dom'in-ans). The appearance, in a 
cross-bred organism, of one of two mutually antag- 
onistic parental characters. 
dominant characteristics (dom'in-ant). See 
Mendel's law, under law. 
Dominici's tube (dom-in-e'sez) [Henri Dominici, 
contemporary French physician]. See tube. 
donda ndugu (don'dah ndoo'goo) [African for 
" brother ulcer " or " clinging ulcer"]. A disease oc- 
curring in Africa, in which the legs swell and slough. 
Donders' glaucoma, law, etc. (don'derz) [Franz 
Cornelius Donders, Dutch physician, 1818-1889]. 
See glaucoma, law, etc. DONEC. ALV. SOL. FUERIT. 
348 
DOT 
Donee. alv. sol. fuerit. Abbreviation for L. do'- 
nec al'vus solu'tafu'erit, until the bowels are opened. 
donee (do-ne'). The person who receives the trans- 
fused blood from the veins of the donor. 
Donne's corpuscles, test (don-az') [Alfred 
Donne, French physician, 1801-1878]. See cor- 
puscle and test. 
donor (do'nor). The person who furnishes blood for 
transfusion, universal d., a donor the cells of 
whose blood are not agglutinated by the blood of 
any patient. 
Donovan's solution (don'o-vanz) [Edward Dono- 
van, English pharmacist, 1789-1837]. See solution. 
dopa (do'pah). A term coined from dioxyphenyl- 
anilin. According to Bloch's theory, skin pigment 
is formed by oxidation of dioxyphenylanilin in cer- 
tain cells by dopa-oxydase. 
dopa-oxydase (do-pah-ok'sid-as). An enzyme in 
the protoplasm of the basal epidermal and hair- 
follicle cells which oxidizes dihydroxyphenylalanin 
with the formation of a dark brown pigment. 
dope (dop). A slang name for a narcotic or stimu- 
lant drug. 
Doppler's phenomenon (dop'lerz) [Christian 
Doppler, American mathematician, 1803-1853]. 
See under phenomenon. 
doramad (dor'am-ad). A German proprietary oint- 
ment containing thorium-X. 
doraphobia (do-raf-o'be-ah) [Gr. bop a hide + 
ipb^os fear]. A morbid dread of the skin or fur 
of animals. 
Dorendorf's sign (do'ren-dorfs) [H. Dorendorf, 
German physician, born 1866]. See under sign. 
dormigene (dor'mij-en). A British make of brom- 
ural. 
dormiol (dor'me-ol). A proprietary hypnotic 
and sedative liquid, CClj.CfOHjofC^jjCfQHs), 
amylene chloral, or dimethylethyl-carbinol-chloral. 
Dose of 50 per cent, solution, 10-30 min. (0.8- 
2 c.c.). 
dorsad (dor'sad). Toward the back or dorsal 
aspect. 
dorsal (dor'sal) [L. dorsa'lis; from dor'sum back]. 
Pertaining to the back or to any dorsum. 
dorsalgia (dor-sal'je-ah) [L. dor'sum back + Gr. 
IkXyos pain]. Pain in the back. 
dorsalis (dor-sa'lis) [L. for dorsal}. Used as part 
of the name of various arteries, as d. hallu'cis, 
d. in'dicis, etc. 
dorsicolumn (dor-se-kol'um). The dorsal column 
of the spinal cord. 
dorsicommissure (dor-se-kom-is'ur). The gray 
commissure of the spinal cord. 
dorsicornu (dor-sik-or'nu). The dorsal cornu 
of the spinal cord. 
dorsiduct (dor'sid-ukt) [L. dor'sum back + du'cere 
to draw]. To draw toward the back or dorsum, 
dorsiflexion (dor-se-flek'shun) [dorsum + flex- 
ion}. Flexion or bending, as of toes, toward 
the dorsum. 
dorsimesad (dor-sim'es-ad). Toward the dorsi- 
meson. 
dorsimesal (dor-sim'e-sal). Situated along the 
middle of the back. 
dorsimeson (dor-sim'es-on) [L. dor'sum back + 
Gr. peaov middle]. The median longitudinal line 
of the back. 
dorsispinal (dor-se-spi'nal). Pertaining to the 
back and vertebral column. 
dorso- [L. dor'sum back]. A prefix signifying per- 
taining to the back. 
dorso-anterior (dor"so-an-te're-or). Having the 
back directed forward. 
dorsocephalad (dor-so-sef'al-ad) [L. dor'sum 
back + Gr. Ke<pa\q head]. Toward the back of 
the head. 
dorsodynia (dor-so-din'e-ah) [L. dor'sum back + 
Gr. bbvv-q pain]. Pain in the back. 
dorso-intercostal (dor"so-in-ter-kos'tal). Situ- 
ated in the back and between the ribs. 
dorsolateral (dor-so-lat'er-al). Pertaining to the 
back, or dorsal aspect, and to a side. 
dorsolumbar (dor-so-lum'bar). Pertaining to the 
back and the loins. 
dorsomedian; dorsomesal (dor-so-me'de-an, dor- 
so-me'sal). Pertaining to the median line of the 
back. 
dorsonasal (dor-so-na'sal). Pertaining to the 
bridge of the nose. 
dorsonuchal (dor-so-nu'kal). Pertaining to the 
back and the neck. 
dorso-occipital (dor-so-ok-sip'it-al). Pertaining 
to the back of the head and the body. 
dorsoposterior (dor"so-pos-te're-or). Having the 
back directed backward. 
dorsoradial (dor-so-ra'de-al). Pertaining to the 
radial or outer side of the back of the forearm 
or hand. 
dorsoscapular (dor-so-skap'u-lar). Pertaining to 
the posterior surface of the scapula. 
dorsoventrad (dor-so-ven'trad) [L. dor'sum back 
+ ven'ter belly]. From the dorsal toward the 
ventral aspect. 
dorsum (dor'sum), pl. do/sa [L.]. The back, 
also any part corresponding to the back in posi- 
tion, as of the foot, hand, tongue, ilium, penis, 
d. pe'dis, the back of the foot. 
dosage (do'saj). The determination and regula- 
tion of doses. 
dose (dos) [Gr. 66cris]. i. The amount or proper 
portion of a medicine to be taken at once. 2. 
The quantity of x-ray or other radiation adminis- 
tered. The unit of x-ray dose is the quantity 
which causes temporary epilation and is known as 
10X. daily d., the sum of all the doses to be 
given in twenty-four hours, divided d., a small 
quantity of medicine to be taken at short intervals, 
fractional d's, doses of a drug less than the 
normal quantity, but given at shorter intervals than 
usual. L-f- d., the smallest amount of diphtheria 
toxin which will kill a 250-gm. guinea-pig within 
four days when mixed with one unit of diphtheria 
antitoxin before being injected subcutaneously, 
lethal d., a dose which will or may cause death. 
Lo d., the largest amount of diphtheria toxin 
which will produce no observable symptoms in a 
250-gm. guinea-pig when mixed with one unit of 
diphtheria antitoxin before subcutaneous injec- 
tion. maximum d., the. largest dose that may 
be safely administered, minimum d., the small- 
est dose that is likely to produce an appreciable 
effect, minimum lethal d., the smallest quan- 
tity of diphtheria toxin which will kill a guinea-pig 
of 250 gm. weight in from four to five days when 
injected subcutaneously, reacting d., the second 
dose of toxin or agent in anaphylaxis. Cf. sen- 
sitizing d. sensitizing d., the first dose of toxin 
or other agent in anaphylaxis. Cf. reacting d. 
dosimetric (do-sim-et'rik). Of or pertaining to 
dosimetry, d. system, a regular and determi- 
nate system of dosage. 
dosimetry (do-sim'et-re) [Gr. 86ols dose + perpov 
measure]. 1. The accurate and systematic de- 
termination of doses. 2. A system of therapeutics 
consisting in the administration of alkaloids in the 
form of granules of definite strength at definite in- 
tervals. 
dosis (do'sis). Latin for dose. d. curati'va, the 
minimum dose of a drug that will cure. d. re- 
frac'ta, a fractional dose. d. tolera'ta, the 
largest dose that can be given with safety. 
dot (dot). A small spot or speck. Maurer's d's, 
irregular dots, staining red with Leishman's stain, 
seen in red corpuscles infected with malignant 
tertian malaria. Schuffner's d's, fine red- stained points seen in red blood-corpuscles infected 
with the parasites of benign tertian malaria when 
stained with Romanowsky stain. 
dothienenteria, dothienenteritis (do"the-en- 
en-te're-ah, do"the-en-en-ter-i'tis) [Gr. bodiriu a 
boil + evTepov intestine]. Bretonneau's name for 
typhoid fever (1823). 
dothienesia (do"the-en-e'se-ah) [Gr. Sodi-qv boil]. 
Furunculosis. 
doublet (dub'let). A lens made up of a combi- 
nation of two lenses. Wollaston's d., a micro- 
scopic lens consisting of a combination of two 
planoconvex lenses for correcting chromatic ab- 
erration. 
douche (doosh) [Fr.]. A stream of water directed 
against a part or into a cavity, air-d., a current 
of air blown into a cavity, particularly into the 
tympanum, for opening the eustachian tube, 
alternating d., transitional douche. Plom- 
bieres d., intestinal lavage by means of a soft 
rubber tube 10 to 12 inches long inserted into 
the rectum to a distance of from 3 to 5 inches. One 
to 3 pints of fluid are slowly injected by gravity, 
the force, quantity, and temperature of the fluid 
being carefully regulated. Scotch d. Same as 
transition d. Tivoli d., a reclining bath in 
which the patient lies covered with warm mineral 
water while a hot wave douche is played upon his 
abdomen: used for constipation, transition d., 
a douche of alternating hot and cold water. Web- 
er's d., a nasal douche. 
Douglas' culdesac, pouch, semilunar fold 
[James Douglas, Scottish anatomist in London, 
1675-1742]. See culdesac, fold, pouch. 
douglasitis (dug-las-i'tis). Inflammation of 
Douglas' pouch. 
doundake (doon-dak'a). The bark of Sarcoceph'- 
alus esculen'tus. It is tonic, febrifuge, and astrin- 
gent. Dose of extract, 2-3 gr. (0.13-0.195 gm.), 
dourahina (doo-rah-he'nah). A vegetable drug 
from Brazil: diaphoretic, diuretic, and cardiant. 
dourine (doo-renz). A contagious disease of 
horses, characterized by swelling of lymph-glands, 
genital inflammation, and paralysis of hind limbs. 
It is caused by Trypanoso'ma equipe/dum. It is 
spread by sexual contact and by the biting stable 
fly, Stomoxys, and is called also mal de coit. 
Dover's powder (do'verz) [Thomas Dover, English 
physician, 1660-1741]. Pulvis opii et ipecacuanhae. 
dowel (dow'l). A peg. A peg or pin, generally 
of metal, for fastening an artificial crown to the 
root of a natural tooth. 
Doyen's operation, serum (dwah-yahz') [Eu- 
gene Louis Doyen, surgeon in Paris, 1859-1916]. 
See operation and serum. 
Doyere's eminence (dwa-yarz') [Louis Doyere, 
French physiologist, 1811-1863]. See eminence. 
D. P. 1. L. directio'ne prop'ria, "with proper direc- 
tion." 2. Abbreviation for Doctor of Pharmacy. 
D. P. H. Abbreviation for diploma in public health. 
DR. Abbreviation for reaction of degeneration. 
dr. Abbreviation for dram or drams. 
drachm (dram). See dram. 
dracontiasis (drak-on-ti'as-is) [Gr. bpaKovTiou 
(little dragon) tapeworm]. The diseased state pro- 
duced by the presence of Fila'ria (Dr acun' cuius) 
medinen'sis. Called also dracunculosis. 
Dracontium foet'idum (dra-kon'she-um) [L.; Gr. 
bpaKovnov dragonwort]. The skunk-cabbage: 
an araceous plant; the root is stimulant and 
nervine. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 
c.c.). 
dracuncular (dra-kung'ku-lar). Pertaining to or 
caused by dracunculus. 
dracunculosis (dra-kung-ku-lo'sis). Same as 
dracontiasis. 
Dracunculus (dra-kung'ku-lus) [L. "little dragon"]. 
A genus of nematode parasites to which the 
DOTHIENENTERIA 
349 
guinea-worm (Fila'ria medinen'sis') was formerly 
referred. 
draft, draught (draft). A potion; a large dose 
of medicine to be taken at once, black d., the 
compound infusion of senna, effervescing d., 
one which contains an acid and sodium or potas- 
sium bicarbonate, mustard d., a mild rubefa- 
cient paste of mustard and flour. Riverius' d., 
potio riverii; the solution of sodium citrate. 
dragee (dra'zha). A sugar-coated pill or medi- 
cated confection. 
Dragendorff's test (drag'en-dorfs) [Johann Georg 
Noel Dragendorff, German physician, 1836-1898]. 
See test. 
dragon's-blood (drag'unz-blud). An astringent 
resin of various origin; chiefly from Cal'amus 
ro'tang and C. dra'co, ratan-palms, and from 
Draca'na dra'co and Pterocar'pus dra'co, trop- 
ical trees. 
drain (dran). An appliance or substance that 
affords a channel of exit or discharge from a 
wound, cigarette d., a drain made by sur- 
rounding a strip of gauze with a protective cover- 
ing of rubber, gutta-percha, etc. Mikulicz's d., 
a drain formed by pushing a single layer of gauze 
into a wound cavity, the layer of gauze being 
packed with several thick wicks of gauze as it is 
pushed into the cavity, stab-wound d., drain- 
age accomplished by making a small punctured 
wound at some distance from the operative inci- 
sion and bringing out the drain through this 
wound; it is done to prevent infection of the 
operation wound. Wylie d., a stem pessary of 
hard rubber having a groove along the stem. 
drainage (dran'aj). The systematic withdrawal 
of fluids and discharges from a wound, sore, or 
cavity, basal d., withdrawal of the cerebro- 
spinal fluid from the basal subarachnoid space 
for the relief of intracranial pressure, capillary 
d., drainage effected by strands of hair, catgut, 
spun glass, or other material which acts by capil- 
lary attraction, funnel d., drainage by glass 
funnels inserted into edematous tissues, through 
d., drainage effected by passing a perforated tube 
through the cavity, so that irrigation may be 
effected by injecting fluid into one aperture and 
letting it escape out of another. 
dram, drachm (dram) [L. drach'ma; Gr. 5paxprj\- 
An apothecaries' weight of 60 grains; also an 
avoirdupois weight of 27.34 grains. 
dramatism (dram'at-izm). Pompous and dra- 
matic speech and behavior in insanity. 
drapetomania (drap"et-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. SpaireT-qs 
runaway + pavla madness]. The insane desire 
to wander away from home. 
drastic (dras'tik) [Gr. bpaartKos effective]. 1. Act- 
ing powerfully or thoroughly. 2. A violent pur- 
gative. 
draught (draft). See draft. 
draw-shave (draw-shav). A drawing knife with a 
long handle for removing thin slices of tissue from 
the interior of a cavity. 
draw-sheet (draw-shet). A sheet so placed on a 
bed that it can easily be drawn from under a patient 
lying upon it. 
dream-work. The mechanism by which the latent 
content of a dream is developed into a manifest 
content. 
Drechsel's test (dreks'elz) [Edmund Drechsel, 
Swiss chemist, 1843-1897]. See test. 
drench (drensh). A draft of medicine given to an 
animal by pouring it into its mouth. 
drenching (drensh'ing). The giving of a drench. 
Drepanidium (drep-an-id'e-um) [Gr. dpeiravi) 
sickle]. A genus or larval stage of certain pro- 
tozoa; certain species are entozoan and para- 
sitic, but probably not in man. D. rano'rum, 
a cytozobn of frog's blood, probably parasitic. 
dresser (dres'er). A surgical assistant who dresses 
wounds, etc. 
DRESSER DRESSING 
350 
DUBO 
dressing (dres'ing). The application of various 
materials for protecting a wound; also any ma- 
terial so applied, air-d., open wound treat- 
ment. antiseptic d., a dressing of gauze 
impregnated with an antiseptic solution. Ba- 
varian d., bran-d., a fracture-box filled 
with bran: sometimes used for a compound frac- 
ture of the leg. cocoon d., a wound dressing 
consisting of a layer of gauze and collodion, dry 
d., the application to a wound of dry gauze, ab- 
sorbent cotton, etc. Lister's d., a covering of a 
wound with gauze impregnated with carbolic acid, 
occlusive d., a dressing which completely closes 
a wound, and prevents infection from without, 
protective d., a dressing to shield a part from 
injury or from septic infection. Scott's d., 
compound mercury ointment, tegmin d., a 
proprietary adhesive dressing: used like collodion, 
water-d., a dressing kept wet with water. 
drill (dril). An instrument for making holes in 
hard substances, such as bones or teeth, den- 
tal d., an instrument of various forms for use in 
dentistry. 
drip, Murphy. See Murphy method, 2d def., 
under method. 
drip-sheet (drip-shet'). A wet sheet from which 
the water is wrung out and which is then wrapped 
around a patient standing in a tub of water. 
dromograph (drom'o-graf) [Gr. bpbpos running + 
ypa<pei.v to record]. A recording hemodromometer. 
dromomania (drom-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. bpbpos run- 
ning + pavla madness]. Insane vagabondage; 
a mania for roaming. 
dromotropic (drom-o-trop'ik) [Gr. bpbpos running 
+ Tp&rew to turn]. Affecting the course or con- 
ductivity, as of a nerve-fiber. 
dromotropism (dro-mot'ro-pizm) [see dromotropic]. 
Interference with the conductivity of a nerve, 
negative d., diminution of the conductivity of a 
nerve, positive d., increased conductivity of a 
nerve. 
drop (drop) [L. gut'ta]. 1. A minute mass or sphere 
of liquid as it hangs or falls. 2. A medicine to be 
taken in drops. 3. A spheric or spheroid solid 
mass, sometimes medicated; a kind of troche, 
ague-d., solution of potassium arsenite. Bate- 
man's d., a tincture of catechu, with opium and 
camphor: used for coughs. The same name is 
given to other similar mixtures, black d., 
vinegar of opium, or acetum opii. d.-culture. 
See culture, d.-finger, paralysis of one finger, 
due to the rupture of a tendon, d.-foot, a 
paralysis of the toes and part of the foot: often 
due to alcoholic neuritis, d.-hand, wrist-drop; 
a hand paralysis due to lead-poisoning, hang- 
ing d. See under culture. Hoffmann's d's, 
Hoffmann's anodyne. See under anodyne. d.~ 
jaw, the paralytic stage of rabies in a dog in which 
the jaw falls, d.-phalangette, a condition in 
which the terminal phalanx of a finger or toe is 
permanently flexed, d. serene. See gutta 
serena. d.-shoulder, depression of one shoulder 
below the level of the other, stomach-d's, a 
stomachic tincture; an aromatized tincture of 
gentian and centuary. Thielemann's d's. 
See Thielemann's mixture, under mixture, toe-d., 
inability to lift the toes or the anterior portion of 
the foot, wrist-d. See wrist-drop. Wusten- 
ey's d., an old German febrifuge: oil of turpentine 
1 fl.oz., phosphorus 4 gr., oil of cloves 5 fl.dr. 
dropping (drop'ing). The limping gait of a horse 
affected with elbow-disease. 
dropsical (drop'sik-al). Affected with or per- 
taining to dropsy. 
dropsy (drop'se) [L. hy'drops, from Gr. vbwp water]. 
The abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the 
cellular tissue or in a body-cavity, abdominal 
d., ascites, acute anemic d. Same as epidemic 
d. d. of amnion, hydramnion. articular 
d., hydrarthrosis, d. of belly, ascites, d. 
of brain, hydrocephalus, cardiac d., that 
which is due to failure of compensation in cardiac 
disease. d. of chest, hydrothorax. cuta- 
neous d., edema. epidemic d., a disease 
epidemic in India among the natives only, char- 
acterized by fever, anemia, diarrhea, paresthe- 
sia, and followed by sudden edema, famine d. 
See war edema, under edema, d. of head, hydro- 
cephalus. hepatic d., that which is due to dis- 
ease of the liver, nutritional d. See war 
edema, under edema, ovarian d., ovarian cys- 
toma. d. of pericardium. Same as hydro peri- 
cardium. peritoneal d., hydroperitoneum, or 
ascites, renal d. i. Anasarca due to kidney dis- 
ease. 2. Hydronephrosis, subchoroid d., an 
accumulation of fluid between the choroid and the 
retina, subsclerotic d., an accumulation of fluid 
between the choroid and sclerotic coat of the eye. 
tubal d., hydrosalpinx: the accumulation of fluid 
in an oviduct, uterine d., hydrometra. war 
d. See war edema, under edema, wet d., beriberi. 
Drosera (dros'e-rah) [Gr. bpoo epos dewy]. A genus 
of plants; sundew. D. rotundifo'lia and D. 
longifo'lia have been found useful in tuberculosis 
and whooping-cough. Dose of tincture, 20-40 
min. (1.33-2.66 c.c.). 
droserin (dros'e-rin). An antiseptic and digest- 
ive ferment, not unlike pepsin, from Drosera and 
other insectivorous plants. 
Drosophila (dro-sof'il-ah). A genus of flies of the 
family Muscidse. D. melanogas'ter, a small fly 
often seen about decaying fruit. It has been used 
extensively in the study of experimental genetics. 
Drouot's plaster (droo-6z') [Theophile Drouot, 
Parisian oculist, born 1803]. See plaster. 
drug (drug). _ Any crude medicinal substance, 
antagonistic d., a drug that tends to neutralize 
the effect of another, crude d., the whole drug 
with all its ingredients; an unrefined drug. 
drug-addiction. See under addiction. 
drug-fast. Resistant to the action of drugs: 
said of bacteria. 
drum (drum). The tympanum of the ear. d.- 
belly. See tympanites, d.-head, d.-mem- 
brane, the membrana tympani. 
drumin (dru'min). An alkaloid from Eupho/bia 
drummon'dii: said to be a local anesthetic. 
Drummond's sign (drum'unds) [David Drum- 
mond, English physician of the nineteenth century]. 
See sign. 
drumstick bacillus. A term applied to Clos- 
tridium tetani and C. putrificum because of their 
shape when in spore. 
druse (druz or dru'se) [Ger. " a rock cavity lined 
with crystals "]. 1. An affection marked by the 
formation, on the optic papilla, of small, globular, 
hyaline excrescences (drusen). 2. A lesion not 
reaching the surface or opening into an internal 
cavity or hollow organ. 3. Same as strangles. 
dry-gripes. See gripe. 
Drysdale's corpuscles (dris'dalz) [Thomas Mur- 
ray Drysdale, American gynecologist, 1831-1904]. 
See corpuscle. 
Dt. Abbreviation for duration tetany. 
D. T. Abbreviation for distance test. 
D. T. D. Abbreviation for L. da'tur la'lis do'sis, give 
of such a dose. 
D. T. N. An abbreviation for diphtheria toxin 
normal. 
D. T. P. Abbreviation for digital tingling on per- 
cussion. See TineVs sign, under sign. 
dualistic (du-al-is'tik). Twofold. 
Duane's test (du-anz') [Alexander Duane, oculist 
in New York, born 1858]. See test. 
Dubini's disease (du-be'nez) [Angelo Dubini, 
Italian physician of the nineteenth century]. 
Electric chorea. 
dubo (du'bo). Pirquet's term for double strength 
nutrition (lac duplex Jovinum, double cow's milk). DUBOIS' ABSCESS 
351 
DUCT 
Dubois' abscess (deb-wahz') [Paul Dubois, French 
obstetrician, 1795-1871]. See abscess. 
duboisin (du-boi'sin). An alkaloid, Ci7H23NO3, 
from Duboi'sia myoporoi'des, a shrub of Australia. 
It is identical in composition with hyoscyamin, 
and is hypnotic, sedative, and mydriatic, d. 
sulphate is given hypodermically in doses of 
tJo-A) gr- (0.0006-0.001 gm.). 
DuBois-Reymond law (de-bwah-ri-mahw') [Emil 
Heinrich DuBois-Reymond, German physiologist, 
1818-1896]. See law. 
Duchenne's disease (du-shenz') [G. B. A. Du- 
chenne, a French neurologist, 1806-1875]. 1. 
Locomotor ataxia. 2. Pseudohypertrophy of mus- 
cles. D's paralysis, progressive bulbar paral- 
ysis. D's trocar, a trocar for procuring minute 
specimens of deep-seated tissues. 
duckering (duck'er-ing) [Mr. G. F. Duckering, the 
inventor], A process for the disinfection of wool 
and hair against anthrax bacilli. 
Duckworth's phenomenon (duk'worths) [Sir 
Dyce Duckworth, physician in London, born 1840]. 
See phenomenon. 
Ducrey's bacillus (doo-kraz') [Augusto Ducrey, 
contemporary Italian physician]. See bacillus. 
duct (dukt) [L. duc'tus, from du'cere to draw or 
lead]. A passage with well-defined walls; espe- 
cially, a tube for the passage of excretions or se- 
cretions. aberrant d., any duct that is not 
usually present or that takes an unusual course 
or direction; especially, a small coiled tube ex- 
tending from the lower part of the canal of the 
epididymis, aberrant bile-d's, minute ducts 
sometimes found in the triangular ligament of 
the liver, acoustic d., the external meatus of 
the ear. adipose d., an elongated sac in the 
cellular tissue filled with fat. alimentary d., 
the thoracic duct, alveolar d., any one of the 
infundibula of a bronchiole, d. of Arantius, 
the ductus venosus. archinephric d., the meso- 
nephric duct, arterial d., the ductus arterio- 
sus. auditory d., a space in the cochlea, be- 
tween the membrana tectoria and the membrana 
cochlearis. d. of Bartholin, the longer and 
larger of the sublingual ducts. Bellini's d's, the 
excretory ducts of the kidneys, biliary d's, 
comprise the hepatic d., from the liver to the com- 
mon bile-duct; the cystic d., from the gall-bladder 
to the common bile-duct, or dudtus commu'nis 
choled'ochus, which conveys the bile to the duod- 
enum. Botalli's d., the ductus arteriosus, 
canalicular d's, any one of the smaller galac- 
tophorous ducts of the breast, cloacal d. 
See Reichel's cloacal d. cochlear d., the 
cochlear canal, common bile-d. See under 
biliary d's. Coschwitz's d., a supposed salivary 
duct forming an arch over the dorsum of the 
tongue, proved by von Haller to be a vein, cow- 
perian d., the efferent duct of Cowper's glands, 
d's of Cuvier, two short venous trunks in the 
fetus opening into the auricle of the heart; the 
right one becomes the superior vena cava, cyst- 
hepatic d., the hepatocystic duct, cystic 
d., the excretory duct of the gall-bladder, ex- 
tending to the ductus communis choledochus. 
deferent d., the vas deferens, definite d's, 
the straight milk-ducts of a nipple, efferent 
d., the duct which gives outlet to a glandular 
secretion, ejaculatory d., the canal which 
passes from the vas deferens and seminal vesicle, 
conveying the semen to the urethra, endo- 
lymphatic d., a tubular process from the sac- 
culus endolymphaticus, through the aqueduct of 
the vestibule, into the membranous labyrinth of 
the ear. excretory d., one which gives vent to 
an excretion, galactophorous d's, a set of 
from fifteen to twenty milk-ducts in the lobes of 
the mammary glands and in the nipples, gall- 
d., any one of the biliary ducts. Gartner's d., 
a straight canal extending from the parovarium 
through the broad ligament to the vagina, gas- 
serian d., the duct of Muller, genital d., the 
genital canal, guttural d., the eustachian tube, 
hemithoracic d., a lymphatic duct which gen- 
erally is a branch of the thoracic duct, but some- 
times goes direct to the junction of the right in- 
ternal jugular and right subclavian veins. Hen- 
sen's d. Same as canal of Hensen. he- 
patic d., a duct formed by the union of the right 
and left hepatic ducts and passing to the common 
bile-duct, hepatic d., left, a branch of the 
hepatic duct arising in the left lobe of the liver, 
hepatic d., middle, an occasional branch of the 
hepatic duct arising in the quadrate lobe of the 
liver, hepatic d., right, a branch of the hepatic 
duct arising in the right lobe of the liver, he- 
paticopancreatic d., the common bile-duct 
after its junction with the pancreatic duct, he- 
patocystic d., a biliary duct which discharges 
its secretion directly into the gall-bladder, her- 
maphrodite d., in a true hermaphrodite a duct 
which represents a vas deferens and an oviduct. 
Hoffmann's d., the pancreatic duct, hy- 
pophyseal d., the duct of the pituitary body, 
intralobular biliary d's, minute branches of 
the bile-ducts forming a network in and around 
the liver-cells, lacrimal d's, convey the secre- 
tion from the lacrimal gland, lactiferous d's, 
the galactophorous ducts. Leyden's d., the 
mesonephric duct. Leydig's d., the wolffian 
duct, lingual d., a depression on the dorsum 
of the tongue at the apex of the terminal sulcus. 
Luschka's d's, tubular structures in the wall of 
the gall-bladder, lymphatic d's, the two prin- 
cipal lymph-canals of the body--the right lymphatic 
d., from the right side of the head, arm, and thorax, 
and the left or thoracic d. lymphatic d., left, 
the thoracic duct, lymphatic d., right, a 
vessel which receives the lymph from the absorb- 
ent vessels of the right side above the liver, and 
discharges it at the junction of the right sub- 
clavian and the internal jugular veins, mammary 
d's, the canalicular and galactophorous ducts, 
mesonephric d., an embryonic duct which in the 
male becomes the vas deferens, and in the female 
becomes nearly obsolete, metanephric d's, the 
ureters, milk-d's, the canalicular and galactoph- 
orous ducts, mucous d., any duct lined with 
mucous membrane. Muller's d's, two ducts of 
the embryo which empty into the cloaca, and 
are developed into uterus, vagina, and oviducts, 
nasal d., the passage which conveys the tears 
from the lacrimal sac into the inferior nasal meatus, 
nasolacrimal d., the nasal duct, nephric 
d., the duct of the kidney, omphalomesen- 
teric d., vitelline d., connects the alimentary 
canal and uterine vesicle, ovarian d. See 
oviduct, pancreatic d., the excretory duct 
of the pancreas, going either to the ductus cho- 
ledochus communis or to the duodenum, pancre- 
atic d., accessory, the excretory duct of the lesser 
pancreas, pancreatic d., minor, the accessory 
pancreatic duct, pancreatic d., supplement- 
ary, the accessory pancreatic duct, parotid d., 
the duct of Steno. d. of Pecquet, the thoracic 
duct, pronephric d., an early embryonic duct 
of the pronephron, probably becoming later the 
atrophied anterior segment of the duct of Muller, 
prostatic d's, the excretory ducts of the prostate 
gland, twelve to twenty in number. Rathke's 
d., that part of the duct of Muller which lies be- 
tween the main part of the latter and the sinus 
pocularis. Reichel's cloacal d., the cleft be- 
tween Douglas' septum and the cloaca in the em- 
bryo. renal d., a ureter, d. of Rivinus, one 
of the ducts of the sublingual gland, roriferous 
d., the thoracic duct, sacculo-utricular d. 
See utriculosaccular d. salivary d's, the ducts 
that convey the saliva: they are the parotid or 
Stenson's duct, the submaxillary or Wharton's 
duct, and the sublingual ducts (Rivinus' and Bar- 
tholin's ducts), d. of Santorini, the accessory 
pancreatic duct. Schuller's d's, the ducts of 
Skene's glands, secretory d., any one of the DUCTILE 
352 
DUODENAL 
smaller ducts which are tributary to the excretory 
ducts of a gland, segmental d's, a pair of canals 
in the embryo, extending from behind the body- 
cavity to the cloaca, seminal d's, conveyors of 
the semen, including the vas deferens, or excre- 
tory duct of the testis, d. of the seminal vesicle and 
the ejaculatory d. Skene's d's, the ducts of 
Skene's glands, spermatic d., the vas deferens, 
d. of Steno, Stenson's d., the excretory duct 
of the parotid gland, sublingual d's, the duct 
of Bartholin and duct of Rivinus, submax- 
illary d. Same as Wharton's d. tear-d., 
the nasal duct; also any one of the seven excre- 
tory ducts of the lacrimal gland, testicular 
d., the vas deferens, thoracic d., the canal 
which ascends from the receptaculum chyli to 
the junction of the left subclavian and left in- 
ternal jugular veins. It acts as a channel for the 
collection of the lymph from the portions of the 
body below the diaphragm and from the left side 
of the body above the diaphragm, thyroglossal 
d., thyrolingual d., a duct in the embryo ex- 
tending between the thyroid body and the poste- 
rior part of the tongue. Its opening is repre- 
sented in the adult by the foramen caecum, um- 
bilical d., a duct extending from the umbilical 
vesicle to the intestinal cavity of the embryo, 
urogenital d., the duct of Muller and the wolf- 
fian duct, utriculosaccular d., a narrow duct 
uniting the utriculus and the sacculus of the laby- 
rinth. vitelline d., the omphalomesenteric duct 
or structure connecting the alimentary canal with 
the umbilical vesicle in the embryo. Walther's 
d's, the ducts of the accessory sublingual glands. 
Wharton's d., the excretory duct of the submax- 
illary gland, d. of Wirsung, the pancreatic 
duct, wolffian d's, two ducts of the embryo 
which connect the wolffian bodies with the cloaca. 
■ductile (duk'til) [L. duc'tilis, from du'cere to draw, 
to lead]. Susceptible of being drawn out, as into 
a wire. 
ductless (dukt'les). Having no excretory duct; 
as, ductless glands. 
ductule (dukt'ul). Any minute duct; also that 
part or branch of a duct which is nearest the alve- 
olus of a gland. 
ductus (duk'tus) [L.]. Any passage or duct, as 
of a gland, d. aber'rans. See aberrant duct, 
under duct. d. arterio'sus [B N A], d. arterio - 
sus [botal'li], a channel in the fetus from the pul- 
monary artery to the aorta, d. audito'rius, 
d. cochlea'ris, the membranous cochlea, or 
cochlear canal, d. bilif'eri [B N A], the biliary 
canaliculi. d. choled'ochus [B N A]. See 
biliary ducts, under duct. d. cochleae, d. 
cochlea'ris [B N A], the lower part of the scala 
media, containing the organ of Corti, d. cuvi'- 
eri. See ducts of Cuvier, d. cys'ticus [B N A], 
the cystic duct. d. def'erens [B N A], Same as 
vas deferens, d. ejaculato'rius [B N A], ejacu- 
latory duct. d. endolymphat'icus [B N A], a 
canal which connects the membranous labyrinth 
with the general cerebral lymph-spaces, d. epi- 
didymid'is [B N A], the canal of the epididy- 
mis. d. epooph'ori longitudina'lis. Same 
as Gartner's duct. See under duct. d. hepat'icus 
(B N A], the hepatic duct. d. incisi'vus [B N A], 
the extension of the incisive foramen between the 
palatine processes into the nose. d. interlobula'- 
res [B N A], interlobular ducts, d. lacrima'lis 
[B N A], lacrimal duct. d. lactif'erus [B N A], 
the galactophorous ducts, d. lingua'lis [B N A], 
lingual duct. d. lymphat'icus dex'ter [B N A], 
the right lymphatic duct. d. nasolacrima'lis 
[B N A], nasolacrimal duct. d. pancreat'icus 
accesso rius [santorini] [B N A], the accessory 
pancreatic duct. d. perilymphat'icus [B N A], 
a canal which connects the perilymphatic space of 
the osseous labyrinth with the general cerebral 
lymph-space, d. prostat'ici [B N A], the ducts 
of the prostate gland, d. reu'niens [B N A], d. 
reu niens [henseni], a small canal leading from 
the saccule to the membranous labyrinth; the 
canalis reuniens. d. veno'sus, d. veno'sus 
[aran'tii] [B N A], a fetal blood-vessel connecting 
the umbilical vein with the postcava. 
Duddell's membrane (dud'elz) [Benedict Dud- 
dell, English physician of the eighteenth century]. 
See membrane. 
Dudley's operation (dud'lez) [Emilius Clark 
Dudley, gynecologist in Chicago], See opera- 
tion. 
Dugas' test (du'gahz) [Louis Alexander Dugas, 
American physician, 1806-1884]. See test. 
Duhring's disease (du'rings) [Louis Adolphus 
Duhring, dermatologist in Philadelphia, 1845-1913], 
See Dermatitis herpetiformis. 
Diihrssen's operation, tampon, etc. (dehr'senz) 
[Alfred Dilhrssen, German gynecologist, born 1862]. 
See operation, tampon, etc. 
duipara (du-ip'ah-rah). Same as secundipara. 
Dukes' disease (duks) [Clement Dukes, contem- 
porary English physician]. See under disease. 
dulcamara (dul-kam-a'rah) [L. dul'cis sweet + 
ama'rus bitter]. Bittersweet, the young branches 
of Sola'num dulcama'ra, possessing narcotic, 
diuretic, and diaphoretic properties: used chiefly 
in skin diseases, as lepra, psoriasis, etc. Dose of 
powder, 30 gr.-i dr. (2-3.9 gm-); of fluidextract, 
30 min.-i fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.). 
dulcamarin (dul-kam-a'rin). A yellow, amor- 
phous alkaloid, C22H3,Oio, from dulcamara. It 
has mydriatic properties. 
dulcin (dul'sin) [L. dul'cis sweet]. Same as 
sucrol. 
dulcinol (dul'sin-ol). Mannite to which salt has 
been added to make it palatable. 
dulcite, dulcitol, dulcose (dul'sit, dul'sit-ol, dul'- 
kos) [L. dul'cis sweet]. A polyhydric alcohol, CH2- 
OH(CHOH)4CH2OH, occurring in various plants 
and prepared by treating either milk-sugar or 
galactose with sodium amalgam. On oxidation it 
yields first galactose and later mucic acid. 
dull (dul). Not resonant on percussion. 
dulness (dul'nes). Diminished resonance on per- 
cussion; also a peculiar percussion-sound which 
lacks the normal resonance. Grocco's trian- 
gular d. See Grocco's sign, under sign, post- 
cardial d., dulness on percussion on the back 
over the site of the heart, tympanitic d., reso- 
nance of a dull and diminished quality. 
dumb-bells of Schafer. Microscopic dumb-bell- 
shaped bodies found in striated muscular tissue. 
dumbness (dum'nes) [L. sur'ditas]. Muteness, or 
aphasia. 
dumminess (dum'e-nes). A dull, apathetic condi- 
tion seen in horses after acute inflammation of the 
brain. 
dummy (dum'e). In dentistry, a tooth in a bridge 
to take the place of a missing natural tooth. 
Dumontpallier's test (de-maw-pal-yaz') [Al- 
phonse Dumontpallier, French physician, 1826- 
1898]. See test. 
Dunbar's serum (dun'barz) [William Phillips Dun- 
bar, American physician in Hamburg, Germany, 
1863-1922]. Pollantin. 
Duncan's folds, position, ventricle (dun'kanz) 
[James Matthews Duncan, British gynecologist, 
1826-1890]. See fold, position, ventricle, etc. 
Duncan's method (dun'kanz) [Charles H. Duncan, 
physician in New York, born 1880]. See under 
method. 
Dunfermline scale (dun-ferm'lin) [Dunfermline, 
a city in Scotland where the scheme was devised]. 
See under scale. 
Dunham's solution (dun'amz) [Edward Kellogg 
Dunham, New York pathologist, 1860-1922]. See 
solution. 
duodenal (du-o-de'nal). Of, pertaining to, or sit- 
uated in, the duodenum. DUODENECTOMY 
353 
DYNAMIC 
duodenectomy (du-o-de-nek'to-me) [duodenum + 
Gr. eK-rony excision]. Excision of the duodenum, 
total or partial. 
duodenitis (du"od-en-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
duodenum. 
duodenocholangitis (du-o-de"no-ko-lan-ji'tis). 
Inflammation of the duodenum and common bile- 
duct. 
duodenocholecystostomy (du-o-de"no-ko"le-sis- 
tosTo-me). The operation of forming a commu- 
nication between the gall-bladder and the duo- 
denum. 
duodenocholedochotomy (du-o-de"no-ko"led-o- 
' kot'o-me). Surgical incision of the duodenum 
and bile-duct. 
duodenocystostomy (du-o-de"no-sis-tos'to-me) 
[duodenum + Gr. xuaris bladder + oToiaa mouth]. 
The formation of an opening or communication 
between the duodenum and the bladder. 
duodeno-enterostomy (du-o-de"no-en-ter-os'- 
to-me). The artificial creation of a passage from 
the duodenum to another part of the small intes- 
tine. 
duodenohepatic (du"od-e-no-hep-at'ik). Per- 
taining to the duodenum and the liver. 
duodenojejunostomy (du-o-de"no-jej-u-nos'to- 
me). The operation of making an anastomosis 
between the duodenum and the jejunum. 
duodenostomy (du"od-e-nos'to-me) [duodenum 
+ Gr. aro/j-a mouth]. The surgical formation of 
a permanent orifice into the duodenum. 
duodenotomy (du"od-en-ot'o-me) [duodenum + 
Gr. Top.il cutting]. Incision of the duodenum. 
duodenum (du-o-de'num) [L. duode'ni _ twelve]. 
The first or proximal portion of the small intestine: 
so called because about twelve finger-breadths in 
length. 
duoparental (du"o-par-en'tal) [L. duo two + 
parens parent]. From two parents or sexual ele- 
ments. 
duotal (du'o-tal). The diguaiacol ester of carbonic 
acid; a crystalline powder, CO3(C6H4OCH3)2, 
used in tuberculosis and as an antipyretic and 
intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 gm.). 
duotonal (du-o-to'nal). A combination of equal 
parts of calcium and sodium glycerophosphates. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.). 
Duplay's bursitis (de-pla-ez') [Simon Duplay, 
French surgeon, born 1836]. See bursitis. 
duplicitas (du-plis'it-as) [L.]. A doubling; a 
monstrosity in which either the cephalic or pelvic 
end is doubled, d. ante'rior, the doubling of 
the cephalic portion of a monster-fetus, d. pos- 
terior, the doubling of a monster-fetus in the 
pelvic region. 
Dupre's bursitis, disease, syndrome (de-praz') 
[Ernest DuprS, French physician, 1862-1921]. 
See bursitis, disease, syndrome. 
Dupuytren's contraction, splint (de-pwe- 
trahnz') [Baron Guillaume Dupuytren, a celebrated 
French surgeon, 1777-1835]. See contraction and 
splint. 
dura, dura mater (du'rah, du'rah ma'ter) [L. 
" hard mother "]. The outermost, toughest, and 
most fibrous of the three meninges or membranes 
of the brain [cerebral d.) and spinal cord [spinal di). 
dural (du'ral). Pertaining to the dura. 
duralumin (dur-al-u'min) [L. du'rus hard]. An 
alloy of aluminum and copper used for surgical 
appliances. 
duramatral (du-rah-ma'tral). Same as dural. 
Durande's remedy (dir-ahndz') [Jean Francois 
Durande, French physician, born 1794]. See 
remedy. 
Durante's treatment (doo-ran'tez) [Francesco 
Durante, contemporary surgeon in Rome]. See 
under treatment. 
duraplasty (du'rah-plas-te) [dura mater + Gr. 
irXaaaecp to form]. A plastic operation on the 
dura mater. 
Dur. dolor. Abbreviation for L. duran'te dolo're, 
while the pain lasts. 
durematoma (du"rem-ah-to'mah). Hematoma of 
the dura mater. 
durene (du'ren). A colorless compound, having a 
camphor-like odor, found in coal-tar. 
Durham's tube (dur'hamz) [Arthur Edward 
Durham, English surgeon, 1834-1895]. See tube. 
duritis (du'ri-tis). Inflammation of the dura 
mater; pachymeningitis. 
duro-arachnitis (du"ro-ar-ak-ni'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the dura mater and arachnoid. 
durol (du'rol). Tetra-methyl-benzene, Cc^fCHsh. 
duroleum (du-ro'le-um) [L. du'rus hard + o'leum 
oil]. A petrolate resembling vaselin. 
Duroziez's disease, sign (der-o-ze-az') [Paul 
Louis Duroziez, French physician, 1826-1897]. 
See disease and D's murmur, under murmur. 
dust-bodies, Muller's. Small, roundish, color- 
less granules seen in the blood: their nature is not 
fully determined, but they are supposed to be 
either fat-bodies or oxyphil and neutrophil gran- 
ules escaped from leukocytes. See blood. 
dusting-powder (dust'ing-pow'der). Any fine 
powder to be sprinkled upon the skin. 
Dutch-liquid, Dutch-oil (dutsh-lik'wid). Ethy- 
lene dichlorid. 
Dutton's disease (dut'unz) [J. Everett Dutton, 
contemporary English physician]. Trypanosomia- 
sis. 
Duttonella (dut-on-el'ah). A genus of trypano- 
somes. 
Duval's nucleus (de-valz') [Mathias Marie Duval, 
French anatomist, 1844-1915]. See nucleus. 
Duverney's gland (de-ver-naz') [Guichard Joseph 
Duverney, French anatomist, 1648-1730]. See 
gland. 
D.V.M. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary 
Medicine. 
D.V.M.S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary 
Medicine and Surgery. 
D.V.S. Abbreviation for Doctor of Veterinary Sci- 
ence or Doctor of Veterinary Surgery. 
dwarf (dwarf). An abnormally undersized person, 
achondroplastic d., a dwarf showing short 
extremities, trunk of normal size, large globular 
head, stumpy nose, and trident hands, asexual 
d., an adult dwarf with deficient sexual develop- 
ment. deformed d., a person who is both ab- 
normally undersized and deformed, infantile 
d., a person with marked retardation of mental 
and physical development, micromelic d., a 
dwarf with very small limbs, normal d., a 
person who is merely undersized, but not de- 
formed. phocomelic d., a dwarf in whom the 
diaphyses of the long bones are abnormally short, 
physiologic d., a normal dwarf, primordial 
d., a normal dwarf, pure d., a person of small 
stature, but well formed, rachitic d., a person 
dwarfed by rickets, having a high forehead with 
prominent bosses, bent long bones, and Harrison's 
sulcus, sexual d., a dwarf with normal sexual 
development. 
dwarfishness, dwarfism (dwarf'ish-nes, dwarf'- 
izm). The state of being a dwarf; underdevelop- 
ment of body. 
Dy. Chemical symbol for dysprosium. 
dyad (di'ad); Any element capable of replacing 
or combining with two hydrogen atoms. 
dymal (di'mal). Didymium salicylate; a com- 
pound used in the form of ointment in burns, 
ulcers, eczema, pruritus, etc.- 
dynamic, dynamical (di-nam'ik, di-nam'ik-al) 
[Gr. bwauLS power]. Pertaining to or manifest- 
ing force. DYNAMICS 
354 
DYSENTERY 
dynamics (di-nam'iks). The science of motion 
and the laws of force. 
dynamization (di"nam-iz-a'shun). The hypo- 
thetic increase of medicinal effectiveness by 
dilution and trituration. 
dynamo (di'nam-o). A dynamo-electric machine; 
a machine for converting mechanic force directly 
into current electricity. 
dynamogen (di-nam'o-jen). A proprietary sub- 
stance resembling hematogen: used in anemia 
and chlorosis. 
dynamogenesis (di"nam-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. bvvapcs 
force 4- 7eueais production]. The development 
of energy or force. 
dynamogenic (di"nam-o-jen'ik) [Gr. bvvapis power 
4- yevvav to produce]. Producing or favoring the 
development of power; pertaining to the devel- 
opment of power. 
dynamogeny (di-nam-oj'en-e). Dynamogenesis, 
dynamograph (di-nam'o-graf) [Gr. bvvapis power 
4- ypaepav to write]. A self-registering dynamom- 
eter. 
dynamometer (di-nam-om'et-er) [Gr. bvvapis 
power 4- perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the force of muscular contraction. 
dynamoneure (di-nam'o-nur) [Gr. bbvapts power 
4- vevpov nerve], A spinal neuron which is con- 
nected with the muscles. 
dynamopathic (di-nam-o-path'ik) [Gr. bwapes 
power -|- Trados disease]. Affecting function; func- 
tional. 
dynamoscope (di-nam'o-skop) [Gr. bbvapis power 
4- ffKOTreiv to view]. A device for auscultation of 
the muscles. 
dynamoscopy (di-nam-os'ko-pe). The ausculta- 
tion of muscles. 
dyne (din). A unit of force; the amount of force 
needed to impel a mass weighing one gram through 
one centimeter in one second. 
dys- [Gr. Sus-]. A prefix signifying difficult, pain- 
ful, bad, etc. 
dysacousia, dysacousis, dysacousma (dis-ak- 
oo'ze-ah, dis-ak-oo'sis, dis-ak-ooz'mah) [Gr. Sus- 
ill, bad 4- o.ko vexes hearing]. A condition in which 
certain sounds produce discomfort. 
dysadrenia (dis-ad-re'ne-ah). Disorder of adrenal 
function. 
dyssesthesia (dis-es-the'ze-ah). See dysesthesia. 
dysalbumose (dis-al'bu-mds). A variety of albu- 
mose characterized by insolubility in water and 
hydrochloric acid. 
dysantigraphia (dis-an-te-gra'fe-ah). Loss of 
power to copy writing. It is due to a lesion of 
the association path between the word-seeing cen- 
ter and the word-writing center. 
dysaphia (dis-a'fe-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill 4- touch]. 
Impairment of the sense of touch. 
dysarteriotony (dis"ar-te-re-ot'o-ne) [Gr. Sus bad 
4- aprepla artery 4- topos tension]. Abnormality 
of blood-pressure. 
dysarthria (dis-arThre-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill 4- b.pdpov 
articulation]. Imperfect utterance, d. litera'- 
lis, stammering, d. syllaba'ris spasmod'ica, 
stuttering. 
dysarthric (dis-arThrik). Characterized by or per- 
taining to dysarthria. 
dysarthrosis (dis-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. Sus- ill 4- apOpe>>- 
ais joint]. 1. Deformity or malformation of a 
joint. 2. Dysarthria. 
dysbasia (dis-ba'ze-ah) [Gr. Sus- difficult 4- ^aais 
step]. Difficulty in walking, especially that due to 
nervous lesion, d. intermit'tens angioscler- 
ot'ica, intermittent lameness of vascular origin, 
d. lordot'ica progressi'va. See dystonia 
musculorum deformans, d. neurasthen'ica in- 
termit'tens, intermittent limping of neuras- 
thenic origin. 
dysbolism (dis'bo-lizm) [Gr. Sus- ill + metabolism]. 
A condition of disturbed metabolism not neces- 
sarily of a diseased nature. 
dysboulia, dysbulia (dis-bu'le-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + 
fdovXi) will]. Abnormal weakness or perversion of 
the will. 
dysboulic, dysbulic (dis-bu'lik). Pertaining to 
weakness of will. 
dyschesia (dis-ke'ze-ah) [Gr. Sus- difficult + 
X^eev to go to stool]. Difficult or painful defeca- 
tion. 
dyschiria (dis-ki're-ah) [Gr. Sus- badly + 
hand]. Derangement of the power to tell which 
side of the body has been touched. See achiria, 
allochiria, and synchiria. 
dyscholia (dis-ko'le-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + x°^n bile]. 
A depraved condition of the bile. 
dyschondroplasia (dis"kon-dro-pla'ze-ah). See 
achondroplasia and chondrodysplasia. 
dyschromatopsia (dis"kro-mat-op'se-ah) [Gr. Sus- 
ill + xpdijua color + opts vision]. Imperfect dis- 
crimination of colors; incomplete color-blindness. 
dyschromia (dis-kro'me-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + XP&P0- 
color]. Any disorder affecting the pigmentary 
layer of the skin. 
dyscinesia (dis-sin-e'ze-ah). Same as dyskinesia. 
dyscrasia (dis-kra'ze-ah) [Gr. Sus- evil 4- Kpaaes 
mixture]. Abnormal composition of the blood 
and humors; a depraved state of the humors, 
lymphatic d. i. Status lymphaticus. 2. Hodg- 
kin's disease. 
dyscrasic (dis-kra'sik). Pertaining to a dyscrasia. 
dyscratic (dis-krat'ik). Pertaining to dyscrasia. 
dyscrinism (dis-kri'nizm) [Gr. Sus bad 4- Kpiveiv 
to secrete]. Endocrine disorder; perversion of the 
secretion of any endocrine gland or the state re- 
sulting from such perversion. 
dysdiadochocinesia. Dysdiadokokinesia. 
dysdiadokokinesia (dis"di-ah-dok"o-kin-e's.e- 
ah). Derangement of the function of diadoko- 
kinesia. See diadokokinesia. 
dysdiemorrhysis (dis"di-em-or'is-is) [Gr. Sus- 
difficult + Sia through 4- alpa blood 4- puais 
flow]. Retardation of the capillary circulation. 
dysecoia (dis-e-koi'ah). Same as dysacousia. 
dysemia, dysaemia (dis-e'me-ah) [Gr. Sus- bad + 
alga blood]. Deterioration of the blood. 
dysendocrinia (dis-en-do-krin'e-ah). Disendocris- 
iasis. 
dysendocriniasis (dis-en"do-krin-i'as-is). Dysen- 
docrisiasis. 
dysendocrinism (dis-en-dok'rin-izm). Dysendo- 
crisiasis. 
dysendocrisiasis (dis-en"do-kris-i'as-is) [Gr. Sus- 
bad 4- evbov within 4- Kplveiv separate]. Dis- 
order of the internal secretions. 
dysenteric (dis-en ter'ik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of dysentery. 
dy senteriform (dis-en-ter'if-orm). Resembling 
dysentery. 
dysentery (dis'en-ter-e) [L. dysente'ria, from Gr. 
Sus- difficult 4- evrepov intestine]. A term given 
to a number of disorders marked by inflammation 
of the intestines, especially of the colon, and at- 
tended by pain in the abdomen, tenesmus, and 
frequent stools containing blood and mucus/ The 
causative agent may be chemical irritants, bac- 
teria, protozoa, or parasitic worms. There are two 
specific varieties, the amebic and the bacillary. 
amebic d., a form of dysentery caused by 
Entamoeba histolytica and known also as intestinal 
amebiasis. asylum d., dysentery occurring in 
asylums for the insane, bacillary d., an infec- 
tious disease caused by Bacterium dysenteries and 
marked by intestinal pain, tenesmus, diarrhea 
with mucus and blood in the stools, and more or 
less toxemia. It is especially prevalent in tropical 
countries, but it frequently occurs elsewhere. DYSERETHESIA 
355 
DYSMORPHOPHOBIA 
bilharzial d., dysentery caused by the parasitic 
worm Bilharzia hamatobia. catarrhal d., 
chronic d., sprue, chronic d. of cattle, a 
chronic form of dysentery in cattle, with emacia- 
tion and anemia, finally ending in death. It is 
caused by the bacillus of Johne. ciliary d., 
ciliate d., dysentery due to ciliate organisms, 
such as Balantidium coli. epidemic d., a vari- 
ety that becomes epidemic and is often very fatal, 
flagellate d., dysentery due to a flagellate 
organism, such as Lamblia intestinalis or Tricho- 
monas. institutional d., bacillary dysentery 
affecting patients in an institution, especially in 
hospitals for the insane. Japanese d., bacillary 
dysentery, malarial d., that which is com- 
plicated with intermittent febrile attacks, malig- 
nant d., a form in which the symptoms are all 
very intense and progress rapidly to a fatal ending, 
scorbutic d., that which is an accompaniment of 
scurvy, spirillar d., dysentery caused by spirilla 
in the intestines, sporadic d., dysentery occur- 
ring in scattered cases that have apparently no 
connection. 
dyserethesia (dis-er-eth-e'ze-ah) [Gr. 8vs- bad + 
epeOl^eiv to irritate]. Impairment of sensibility 
to stimuli. 
dyserethism (dis-er'eth-izm). Dyserethesia. 
dysergasia (dis-er-ga'ze-ah) [Gr. 8vs- difficult 4* 
epyov work]. Inability to functionate properly, as 
exhibited in neurasthenia. 
dysergia (dis-er'je-ah) [Gr. Bus- difficult 4- epyov 
work]. Motor incoordination due to defect of 
efferent nerve impulse. 
dysesthesia (dis-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. Bus- difficult + 
alaOdverrOai to perceive]. 1. Impairment of any 
sense, especially of that of touch. 2. A painful 
and persistent sensation induced by a gentle 
touch of the skin, auditory d. Same as dysa- 
cousia. 
dysfunction (disdunk'shun) [Gr. Bus- difficult + 
function]. Disordered functioning. 
dysgalactia (dis-gal-ak'te-ah) [Gr. Bus- ill + yaXa 
milk]. Disordered milk secretion. 
dysgenesia (dis-jen-e'ze-ah) [Gr. Bus- difficult + 
yevvdv to generate]. Impairment of the powers 
of procreation. 
dysgenic (dis-jen'ik). Detrimental to race im- 
provement. 
dysgenics (dis-jen'iks) [Gr. Bus- ill + yev- to pro- 
duce]. The intermarriage of persons of a defective 
heredity. 
dysgenitalism (dis-jen'it-al-izm). The conse- 
quences of any abnormality of genital develop- 
ment, as eunuchism. 
dysgeusia (dis-gu'ze-ah) [Gr. Bus- ill + yevais 
taste]. Perversion of the sense of taste. 
dysglandular (dis-glan'du-lar). Due to or marked 
by disordered functioning of glands, particularly 
the glands of internal secretion. 
dysgnosia (dis-gno'se-ah) [Gr. Bus- difficult + 
yvaxris knowledge]. Disorder of intellectual 
function. 
dysgonic (dis-gon'ik) [Gr. Bus- poorly + your) 
seed] Seeding badly: said of bacterial cultures 
that grow poorly. 
dysgraphia (dis-gra'fe-ah) [Gr. Bus- ill + ypa<ptiv 
to write]. 1. Impairment or perversion of the 
power of the expression of ideas by writing. 2. 
The condition in which writing may be performed, 
but its performance is attended with disagreeable 
sensations. 
dyshematopoiesis (dis-hem"at-o-poi-e'sis). De- 
fective blood-formation. 
dyshidria (dis-hid're-ah). Dyshidrosis. 
dyshidrosis, dysidrosis (dis-hid-ro'sis) [Gr. Bus- 
ill 4- ISpwats a sweating]. 1. Any disorder of the 
perspiratory apparatus. 2. Pompholyx or cheiro- 
pompholyx. , 
dyshormonism (dis-hor'mon-izm). Disturbance 
of the hormone secretions. 
dyshydrosis (dis-hid-ro'sis). Dyshidrosis. 
dyshypophysia, dishypophysism (dis-hi-po- 
fiz'e-ah, dis-hi-pof'is-ism). Dyspituitarism. 
dyskinesia (dis-kin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. ill 4- Klo-qais 
motion]. Impairment of the power of voluntary 
movement, d. al'gera, a condition in which 
movement is painful: seen in hysteria, d. in- 
termit'tens, disability of the limbs, coming on 
intermittently, and due to impairment of the 
circulation, uterine d., pain in the uterus on 
movement: a sign of displacement of the uterus. 
dyskinetic (dis-kin-et'ik) [See dyskinesia]. Marked 
by derangement of the normal movement. 
dyskoimesis (dis-koi-me'sis) [Gr. 8vs- difficult 4* 
KoifM?<ns sleeping]. Difficulty in getting to sleep 
dyslalia (dis-la'le-ah) [Gr. 8us- ill + XaXeiv to talk]. 
Impairment of utterance with abnormality of the 
external speech-organs (Kussmaul). 
dyslexia (dis-leks'e-ah) [Gr. 8vs- ill + Xe£is diction], 
i. An inability to read understandingly, due to a 
central lesion. 2. A condition in which reading 
is possible, but is attended with disagreeable sen- 
sations. 
dyslochia (dis-lo'ke-ah) [Gr. 8vs- ill + X6xta 
lochia]. Disordered lochial discharge. 
dyslogia (dis-lo'je-ah) [Gr. 8vs- ill + Xoyos under- 
standing]. Impairment of the reasoning power; 
also impairment of the speech, due to mental 
disorders. 
dyslysin (dis-li'sin) [Gr. 8vs- ill + XBais solution]. 
A resinous substance, C24H36O3, derived from 
cholalic acid by the loss of two molecules of water. 
dysmasesis (dis-mas-e'sis) [Gr. 8vs- difficult + 
paarjais mastication]. Difficult mastication. 
dysmegalopsia (dis-meg-al-op'se-ah) [Gr. 8vs- diffi- 
cult + peyas size 4- ot^is vision]. A disturbance of 
the visual appreciation of the size of objects; dys- 
metropsia. 
dysmenorrhea (dis"men-or-e'ah) [Gr. 8vs- difficult 
4- pip/ month + peiv to flow]. Painful and diffi- 
cult menstruation, congestive d., plethoric d., 
that which is accompanied by great congestion of 
the uterus, inflammatory d., that which comes 
from or is due to inflammation, mechanical 
d., that which is due to mechanical interference 
with the flow, as from clots or flexion of the uterus, 
membranous d., that which is characterized 
by membranous exfoliations derived from the 
uterus, obstructive d., that which is due to 
mechanic obstruction to the discharge of the 
menstrual fluid, ovarian d., that which is due 
to ovarian disease, spasmodic d., that form 
which is due to spasmodic uterine contraction, 
tubal d., that which is due to narrowness or 
closure of an oviduct, uterine d., that which 
arises from a uterine disorder, vaginal d., 
that which is due to a vaginal disease. 
dysmetria (dis-me'tre-ah) [Gr. 8vs- ill + perpov 
measure]. A condition in which there is improper 
measuring of distance in muscular acts; disturbance- 
of the power to control the range of movement in 
muscular action. 
dysmetropsia (dis-met-rop'se-ab) [Gr. 3us- badly + 
uerpov measure 4- oi^is vision]. Defect in the visual: 
appreciation of the measure or size of objects. 
dysmimia (dis-mim'e-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + pipeiadai to 
imitate]. Impairment of the power of expressing 
thought by gestures. 
dysmnesia (dis-mne'se-ah) [Gr. Bus- ill + pvrjais 
memory]. Impaired memory. 
dysmorphism (dis-mor'fizm) [Gr. Sus- bad + 
popipri form]. 1. Allomorphism. 2. Appearing un- 
der different forms; for example, some fungi grow 
so differently under parasitic and under sapro- 
phytic conditions that they have been taken for 
different species. 
dysmorphophobia (dis"mor-fo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 36a- po pipes deformed + <p6@os fear]. Insane fear of 
becoming deformed. 1/ 
dysneuria (dis-nu're-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + vevpov 
nerve]. Impairment of the nervous power. 
Dyso'dius luna'tus. A malodorous bug of South 
America which bites severely. 
dysodontiasis (dis-o-don-ti'as-is) [Gr. Sus- ill + 
SSous tooth]. Defective, delayed, or difficult den- 
tition. 
dysoemia (dis-o-e'me-ah). A medicolegal term for 
death from obscure causes, traceable to chronic 
mineral poisoning. 
dysontogenesis (dis-on-to-jen'es-is) [Gr. Sus- bad 
+ ontogenesis]. Defective development of the or- 
ganism. 
dysopia, dysopsia (dis-o'pe-ah, dis-op'se-ah) [Gr. 
Sus- ill + opts vision]. Defective vision, d. 
al'gera, disturbances of vision due to pains in the 
eyes and head on looking at objects. 
dysorexia (dis-o-rek'se-ah) [Gr. Sus- bad + 
ope^ts appetite]. Impaired or deranged appetite. 
dysosmia (dis-oz'me-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + bop-q smell]. 
Defect or impairment of the sense of smell. 
dysOsteogenesis (dis-os-te-o-jen'es-is). Defective 
bone formation; dysostosis. 
dysostosis (dis-os-to'sis) [Gr. Sus- bad + barkov 
bone]. Defective ossification; defect in the normal 
ossification of fetal cartilages, cleidocranial d. 
(Marie), a rare congenital condition in which there 
is defective ossification of the cranial bones and 
complete or partial absence of the clavicles, so that 
the shoulders may be brought together in front. 
dysovarism (dis-o'va-rizm). Disorder of the in- 
ternal secretion of the ovary. 
dysoxidizable (dis-oks'id-i-za-bl) [Gr. Sus- difficult 
+ oxidizable}. Not easily oxidizable. 
dyspancreatism (dis-pan'kre-at-izm). Disorder 
of the function of the pancreas. 
dyspareunia (dis-pah-ru'ne-ah) [Gr. bvairapevvos 
badly mated]. Difficult or painful coitus. 
dyspepsia (dis-pep'se-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + Treirretv to 
digest]. Impairment of the power or function 
of digestion, acid d., a variety associated with 
excessive acidity of the stomach, appendix d., 
dyspeptic symptoms due to lesion of the appendix 
vermiformis. atonic d., a form ascribed to a lack 
of tone in the digestive ogans. catarrhal d., a 
variety accompanied by gastric inflammation, 
cholelithic d., the sudden dyspeptic attacks 
characteristic of gall-bladder disturbance, colon 
d., functional disturbance of the large intestine, 
g'ving rise to the symptoms of dyspepsia, fer- 
mentative d., that characterized by the fermen- 
tation of ingested food, flatulent d., that which 
is associated with the formation of gas in the stom- 
ach. functional d., that which is either atonic 
or of reflex or nervous origin, gastric d., that 
which originates within the stomach, intestinal 
d., that which has its seat in the intestine, ner- 
vous d., that due to some disease of the nerves of 
the stomach, ovarian d., a form of reflex indiges- 
tion due to ovarian disease, reflex d., that which 
is due to reflex influence from some disease of an 
organ not directly concerned in digestion, sali- 
vary d., dyspepsia due to defective or deficient 
saliva. 
dyspeptic (dis-pep'tik). Pertaining to or affected 
with dyspepsia. 
dyspeptin (dis-pep'tin). A preparation of the 
gastric juice of animals (swine) obtained through 
a gastric fistula. 
dyspeptone (dis-pep'ton). A variety of insoluble 
peptone. 
dysperistalsis (dis"per-is-tal'sis) [Gr. bvs- painful 
+ peristalsis]. Painful or abnormal peristalsis. 
dyspermasia, dyspermatism, dyspermia (dis- 
per-ma'ze-ah, dis-per'mat-izm, dis-per'me-ah). Im- 
pairment of the semen or of its discharge. 
DYSNEURIA 
356 
dysphagia (dis-fa'je-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + to 
eat]. Difficulty in swallowing, d. inflamma- 
to'ria, dysphagia due to inflammation of the 
esophagus, d. luso'ria, dysphagia believed to 
be due to compression of the esophagus by an un- 
usually located right subclavian artery, d. ner- 
vo'sa, esophagism. d. paralytica, dysphagia 
due to paralysis of the esophageal muscles, d. 
spas tica, esophagism. d. valsalvia'na, dys- 
phagia due to subluxation of the major cornu of the 
hyoid bone. 
dysphagy (dis'fa-je). Dysphagia. 
dysphasia (dis-fa'ze-ah) [Gr. 3 us- ill + <paais 
speech]. Impairment of speech, consisting in lack 
of coordination and failure to arrange words in 
their proper order. It is due to a central lesion. 
dysphemia (dis-fe'me-ah). Stammering. 
dysphonia (dis-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. bvs- ill + <pwvi] voice]. 
Any impairment of voice: a difficulty in speaking, 
d. clerico'rum, clergyman's sore throat: impair- 
ment of voice due to much public speaking, d. 
pu'berum, the harsh, irregular utterance of 
puberty, and of the change of voice in youth, d. 
spas'tica, spasm of the muscles of phonation, 
seen in public speakers. 
dysphoria (dis-fo're-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + ipepetv to 
bear]. Disquiet; restlessness; malaise. 
dysphrasia (dis-fra'ze-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + <ppaais 
speech]. Imperfection of utterance due to a 
central or cerebral defect. 
dysphrenia (dis-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + cp-qv 
mind]. Any secondary psychosis as distinguished 
from an idiopathic brain disease (Kahlbaum). 
dysphylaxia (dis-fi-laks'e-ah) [Gr. Sus- bad + 
ipvXa^ts watching]. A condition marked by too 
early waking. 
dyspinealism (dis-pin'e-al-izm). Deficiency of the 
secretion of the pineal gland. 
dyspituitarism (dis-pi t-u'it-ar-izm). A condition 
due to disordered activity of the pituitary body. 
Cf. hyperpituitarism and hypopituitarism. 
dysplasia (dis-pla'se-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + irKacraeiv 
to form]. Abnormality of development, cretin- 
oid d., the anatomical changes characteristic of 
cretinism, consisting of retarded ossification, small- 
ness of the internal organs and sexual organs. 
dyspnea, dyspnoea (disp-ne'ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + 
Twoh breathing]. Difficult or labored breathing, 
cardiac d., a form due > cardiac disease, ex- 
piratory d., hindrance to the free egress of, air 
from the lungs, inspiratory d., hindrance to 
the free ingress of air into the lungs, renal d., 
a form ascribable to som renal disease. Traube's 
d., dyspnea marked b: slow respiratory move- 
ments and expansion and collapse of the thorax 
during inspiration and expiration. It is se .1 in 
diabetes mellitus. 
dyspneic (disp-ne'ik). Affected with- or due to 
dyspnea. 
dyspragia (dis-pra'je-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + irpdyetv to 
do; to perform]. Painful performance of any 
function, d. intermit'tens angiosclerot'ica 
intestina'lis, a painful intestinal spasmodic 
affection, due to derangement of the intestinal 
blood-supply. 
dyspraxia (dis-praks'e-ah) [Gr. Sus- badly + 
irpaaaetv to perform]. Partial loss of ability to 
perform coordinated movements. 
dysprosium (dis-pro'se-um). A rare element, 
atomic weight 162.5, symbol Dy. 
dysproteose (dis-pro'te-6s). Heteroproteose mod- 
ified by treatment with water. 
dysrhythmia (dis-ri th'me-ah). Disturbance of 
rhythm. 
dysspermia (dis-sper'me-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + aireppa 
seed]. See dyspermasia. 
dyssynergia (dis-sin-er'je-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + crvv 
together + epyov work]. Disturbance of muscular 
DYSSYNERGIA DYSSYSTOLE 
357 
EAR 
coordination, d. cerebella'ris progres siva, 
a condition-marked by generalized tremors asso- 
ciated with disturbance of muscle-tone and of 
muscular coordination; due to disorder of cerebel- 
lar function. 
dyssystole (dis-sis'to-le) [Gr. Sus- ill + systole]. 
Asystole. 
dystaxia (dis-taks'e-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + ra^is arrange- 
ment], Difficulty in controlling voluntary move- 
ments; partial ataxia, d. ag'itans, a tremor 
from irritation of the spinal cord resembling paral- 
ysis agitans, but without paralysis (Sanders, 1868). 
dysthymia (dis-thim'e-ah) [Gr. Svs- ill + dvpos 
mind], 1. Mental depression; also, any intellectual 
anomaly. 2. The condition produced by disordered 
thymus secretion in childhood. 
dysthyreosis (dis"thi-re-o'sis). Imperfect action 
of the thyroid body. 
dysthyroidea (dis-thi-roi'de-ah). Dysthyroidism. 
dysthyroidism (dis-thi'roi-dizm). Imperfect de- 
velopment and function of the thyroid gland. 
dystocia (dis-to'se-ah) [Gr. Svs- ill + tokos birth]. 
Painful or slow delivery or birth, fetal d., that 
which is due to the shape, size, or position of the 
fetus, maternal d., that which is due to some 
deformity on the part of the mother, placental 
d., difficulty in delivering the placenta. 
dystonia (dis-to'ne-ah) [Gr. 3us- bad 4- topos tone]. 
Disordered tonicity of any tissue, d. lenticula'- 
ris, dystonia due to a letion of the lenticular 
nucleus, d. musculo'rum defor mans (Op- 
penheim), a disorder characterized by muscular 
contractions which produce distortion of the spine 
and hips. The muscles are hypotonic when at 
rest and hypertonic when in action; the condition 
occurs chiefly in children. Called also tortipelvis, 
Ziehn-Oppenheim disease, dystonia deformans pro- 
gressiva, and dysbasia lordotica progressiva. 
dystopia, dystopy (dis-to'pe-ah, dis'to-pe) [Gr. 
3us- ill + t biros place]. Malposition; faulty place- 
ment of an organ. 
dystopic (dis-top'ik). Misplaced; out of its normal 
place. 
dystrophia, dystrophy (dis-tro'fe-ah, dis'tro-fe) 
[Gr. ill + Tpetpeip to nourish]. Defective or 
faulty nutrition. adiposogenital d. See 
Frohlich's syndrome, under syndrome, hypo- 
physeal d., hypopituitarism, d. hypophyso- 
priva chronica, the condition produced by 
partial removal of the hypophysis cerebri and 
marked by obesity, increased carbohydrate toler- 
ance, hypothermia, hypoplasia of the sex glands, 
retardation of skeletal growth, and mental dulness. 
papillary and pigmentary d. (Darier), acan- 
thosis nigricans, progressive muscular d., 
progressive atrophy of the muscles with no dis- 
coverable lesion of the spinal cord. 
dystrophic (dis-trof'ik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of dystrophia. 
dystrophodextrin (dis"trof-o-deks'trin) [Gr. 6us- ill 
+ Tpo<pS nutrition + dextrin], A starch-like 
material said to exist in normal blood. 
dystrophoneurosis (dis-trof"o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. Sus- 
ill + rpotpi) nutrition + neurosis], i. Any ner- 
vous disorder due to poor nutrition. 2. Impair- 
ment of nutrition due to nervous disorder. 
dystrophy (dis'tro-fe). See dystrophia. 
dystrypsia (dis-trip'se-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + rptyis di- 
gestion], Derangement of the intestinal or pan- 
creatic digestion due to lack of trypsin. 
dysuresia (dis-u-re'se-ah). Same as dysuria. 
dysuria (dis-u're-ah) [Gr. Sus- ill + oypop urine]. 
Painful or difficult urination, spastic d., diffi- 
cult urination due to spasm of the bladder. 
dysuriac (dis-u're-ak). One who is affected with 
dysuria. 
dysuric (dis-u'rik). Pertaining to dysuria. 
dysury (dis'u-re). Dysuria. 
dyszooamylia (dis-zo"o-am-i'le-ah) [Gr. Sus- bad 
+ zooamylon], Failure of the liver to store up 
glucose in the form of glycogen (zooamylon). 
E 
E. Abbreviation for immetropia, eye, and electro- 
motive force-, also chemical symbol of erbium. 
eaa. Abbreviation for L. ea'dem, the same. 
Ea. R. [G. Entartungs Reaktion]. Abbreviation for 
reaction of degeneration 4K- D.). 
ear (er) [L. au'ris; Gr. o^]. The organ of hearing. 
The external ear is composed of the auricle, 
dt^.pinna, and the external auditory canal. The 
external curved border of the auricle is the helix, 
immediate^ in front of which is a hollow termed 
the fossa of the helix. In front of this fossa is 
the anthelix, a flattened, semicircular eminence 
on the cartilage of the external ear, situated before 
or within the helix, and immediately surrounding 
the concha posteriorly. Above the anthelix is 
a deep fossa, the fossa of the anthelix, which com- 
municates with the concha, or large hollow of the 
auricle. Guarding the canal in front is a tent- 
like prominence, the tragus. Opposite the tragus 
is the antitragus, a conic eminence of the lower 
posterior portion of the external ear, being part 
of the anthelix. The lower termination of the 
auricle is termed the lobide. The external auditory 
canal is about one inch and a fourth in depth, 
and is closed internally by the membrana tympani, 
or drum-membrane. The latter is composed of 
three layers-an outer or dermoid, a middle or 
fibrous, and an internal or mucous, layer. The long 
process, or handle, of the malleus is inserted in 
the inner surface. The middle ear is the cavity 
on the inner side of the drum-membrane, containing 
the ossicles, and communicating with the post- 
nasal region by means of the eustachian tube. 
The internal ear, or labyrinth, is embedded in 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and con- 
sists of three semicircular canals, communicating 
by means of the vestibule with the cochlea, re- 
sembling a minute spiral shell. Within the bony 
labyrinth is the membranous labyrinth, surrounded 
by the perilymph and containing endolymph. It 
is a closed sac, with the same form as the bony 
labyrinth. The cavity of the cochlea is divided 
by a partition, partly bony {lam'ina spira'lis) and 
partly membranous {membra'na basila'ris), into 
the two spiral canals, the sca'la vestib'uli and the 
sca'la tym'pani. The scala vestibuli is divided by 
the membrane of Reissner into two portions, the 
lower of which, called the cochlear duct, contains 
the organ of Corti. This is made up of a series 
of rod like bodies {Corti's rods, Corti's fibers, or 
acoustic rods) arranged in a double row, attached 
by their bases to the basilar membrane, and 
united by their upper extremities to form the 
arches of Corti, which inclose a triangular space 
{Corti's canal or tunnel). In connection with 
the rods of Corti are several rows of cervical 
ciliated cells {Corti's cells). Stretching above 
the organ of Corti is a membranous1 structure 
called Corti's membrane, or membrana tectoria. 
Aztec e., an ear in which the lobule is want- 
ing, the whole ear looking as if it were pushed 
forward and downward. Blainville e's, asym- 
metry of the two ears. Cagot e., an ear in EAR 
358 
EAR 
The external ear : a, helix ; b, fossa of 
anthelix ; c, tragus ; d, lobule; e, anti- 
tragus ; f, concha ; g, anthelix ; h, fossa 
of helix. 
Semidiagrammatic section through the right ear: G, external auditory meatus ; T, mem- 
brana tympani; P, tympanic cavity ; o, fenestra ovalis. r, fenestra rotunda; B, semicircular 
canal; 5, cochlea ; Kt, scala vestibuli; Pt, scala tympani. 
Interior of Left Labyrinth : a, fovea 
hemi-elliptica; b, fovea hemisphaerica; c, 
opening of superior and posterior semicircu- 
lar canals; d, opening of aqueduct of vesti- 
bule ;/and g, posterior and external semicir- 
cular canal; A. spiral tube of cochlea (scala 
tympani); i, opening of aqueduct of cochlea. 
Section of a single turn of the cochlea ; SK, scala vestibuli; SAf, scala media ; 
57'. scala tympani; a, bony tissue; b, spiral lamina; c, basilar membrane; d, 
spiral ligament; e, flat lining cells ;/, spiral prominence; g, stria vascularis; h, 
Reissner's membrane with epithelium (t) of cochlear duct and endothelium (u) 
of scala vestibuli; i, limbus of spiral lamina; k, tectorial membrane; m, tunnel 
of Corti; r, s, inner and outer hair-cells; /, cells of Claudius ; n, spiral ganglion ; 
o, nerves; v, blood-vessel. 
Section of the cochlea showing two and a half 
windings of its scalas. 
Section of the organ of Corti: ST, scala tympani; TC, tunnel of Corti; a, 
spiral lamina7: b. substantia propria of basilar membrane; c, c', protoplasmic 
covering of pillars of Corti; e, e'. pillars of Corti; d, endothelial plates ; y*. heads 
of pillars of Corti containing oval areas; h, h', inner and outer hair-cells; w, 
reticular membrane; k, I, cells of Hensen and Claudius; n, nerve-fibers; i, cells 
of Deiters (Piersol). 
The small bones of the left ear; external view 
(enlarged) (after Gray). EARACHE 
359 
ECGONIN 
which the lobule is wanting, cat's e., an ear 
that, is folded over on itself, cauliflower e., a 
crumpled ear following the absorption of effusion 
after an injury. Darwin's e., an ear having 
an eminence on the edge of the helix, diabetic 
e., mastoiditis complicating diabetes, external 
e., the pinna and external meatus together, 
inner e., the labyrinth, comprising the vestibule, 
cochlea, semicircular canals, and the membranous 
canal, insane e., hematoma of the ear. middle 
e., the drum, or tympanum, comprising the attic 
above, and the atrium or lower space. Morel e., 
a deformed ear marked by abnormal development 
of the helix, anthelix, and scaphoid fossa, so that 
the folds of the ear seem obliterated, and the ear 
is smooth, large, and often prominent, with a thin 
edge. Stahl e., No. 1, a deformed ear in which 
the helix is broad and coalesces with the anthelix; 
the fossa ovalis and fossa scaphoidea are scarcely 
to be seen, and the lower portion of the helix is 
obliterated. Stahl e., No. 2, multiplication of 
the divisions of the crura furcata, so that there 
are three instead of two crura. Wildermuth's 
e., a deformed ear with prominent anthelix and 
poorly developed helix. 
earache (er'ak). See otalgia. 
ear-bone. See ossicle. 
ear-dust. The otoliths. 
ear-faint. A form of syncope observed in pa- 
tients with aural disease. 
ear-minded (er-min'ded). Remembering chiefly 
the impressions made on the sense of hearing. 
ear-sponge. A sponge on a stick or handle: used 
for washing the ear. 
earth (erth). 1. The soil and other pulverulent 
substances forming the ground. 2. Any amor- 
phous, easily pulverizable mineral, alkaline e., 
any oxid of a metal of the group to which cal- 
cium and magnesium belong, fullers' e., a 
clay used as a dressing for sores. 
ear-wax. Same as cerumen. 
Easton's syrup (es'tonz) [J. E. A. Easton, English 
physician, 1807-1865]. Syrup of iron, quinin, 
and strychnin phosphates. 
Eb. Symbol for erbium-. 
ebb (eb). A gradual decline. 
eberthemia, eberthaemia (a-ber-the'me-ah) 
[Eberth's bacillus -J- Gr. alpa blood], Typhemia. 
eberthian (a-ber'the-an). Pertaining to or caused 
by Eberth's bacillus, the bacillus of typhoid fever. 
Eberth's bacillus, lines, etc. (a'berts) [Karl 
Joseph Eberth, pathologist in Halle, born 1835]. 
See bacillus, line, etc. 
Eber'thus typho'sus. Eberth's bacillus, Bac- 
terium typhosum. 
Ebner's glands (eb'nerz) [Victor Ebner', histologist 
in Vienna, born 1842]. See gland. 
ebonation (e-bo-na'shun) [L. e out + bone]. The 
removal of fragments of bone after injury. 
ebranlement (a-brahnl-maw') [Fr.]. Removal of 
a polypus by revolving the tumor on its base. 
ebriecation (e-bri-e-ka'shun) [L. ebri'etas drunken- 
ness]. Mental derangement due to alcoholic 
excess. 
ebrietas (e-bri'et-as) [L.]. Drunkenness; alco- 
holic intoxication. 
ebriety (e-bri'et-e). Drunkenness. 
Ebstein's disease (eb'stinz) [Wilhelm Ebstein, 
physician in Gottingen, 1836-1912], See under 
disease. 
ebullition (eb-ul-ish'un) [L. ebulli're to boil], 1. 
The process or condition of boiling. 2. The 
motion of a boiling liquid. 
e'bur den'tis [L.]. The dentin. 
eburnation (e-bur-na'shun) [L. e'bur ivory]. The 
conversion of bone into an ivory-like mass. 
eburneous (e-bur'ne-us). Resembling ivory. 
eburnitis (e-bur-ni'tis) [L. ebur'nus of ivory + -ids]. 
Increased hardness and density of the tooth-enamel. 
E-C method or mixture. See mixture. 
ecarteur (a-kar-ter'). An instrument for holding 
structures apart; a retractor. 
ecaudate (e-kaw'dat) [L. e without + cau'da tail]. 
Without a tail. 
Ecballium (ek-bal'e-um) [Gr. eK^aWeiv to cast 
out]. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants. E. 
elate'rium affords the drug elaterium. 
ecbolic (ek-bol'ik) [Gr. ck/SoXckos throwing out], 
i. Accelerating or causing parturition. 2. An agent 
which accelerates labor. 
ecbolin (ek'bo-lin). An alkaloid from ergot. 
eccain, eccaine (ek-a'in). An alkaloid of the co- 
cain series, said to be more active than cocain as a 
local anesthetic, besides being non-toxic. 
eccentric (ek-sen'trik). 1. Situated or occurring 
away from a center. 2. Proceeding from a center. 
eccentropiesis (ek-sen"tro-pi-e'sis) [Gr. tKKevrpos 
from the center + irteais pressure]. Pressure 
from within outward. 
eccephalosis (ek-sef-al-o'sis) [Gr. eK out + Ke<paXri 
head]. Removal of the brain of the fetus to aid 
delivery. 
ecchondroma, ecchondrosis (ek-on-dro'mah, 
ek-on-dro'sis) [Gr. ck out + xbvbpos cartilage]. 
A cartilaginous tumor growing from a cartilage. 
ecchondrotome (ek-on'dro-tbm) [Gr. eK out 4- 
xb^bpos cartilage + ropr) cut], A knife for ex- 
cising cartilaginous tissue. 
ecchymoma (ek-im-o'mah). A swelling due to a 
bruise and formed by subcutaneous extravasa- 
tion of blood. 
ecchymosed (ek'im-bzd). Characterized by ec- 
chymosis. 
ecchymosis (ek-im-o'sis), pl. ecchymo'ses [Gr. ex 
out + xvpos juice[. An extravasation of blood; 
also a discoloration of the skin caused by the ex- 
travasation of blood. Bayard's e. Same as 
Roederer's e's. cadaveric e's, stains on the body 
after death, resembling the effects of bruises. 
They are seen on the more dependent portions of 
the body. Roederer's e's, small capillary hem- 
orrhages seen in the pleura and pericardium of in- 
fants who have attempted prematurely to breathe 
in utero. 
ecchymotic (ek-im-ot'ik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of an ecchymosis. 
eccoprotic (ek-op-rot'ik) [Gr. ex out + Koirpos 
dung]. Cathartic. 
eccrinology (ek-rin-ol'o-je) [Gr. eKKplveiv to secrete 
+ Xoyos treatise]. The study or science of secre- 
tions and excretions. 
eccrisiology (ek-ris-e-ol'o-je). Same as eccrinol- 
ogy. 
eccrisis (ek'ris-is) [Gr. ex out + up ter is separa- 
tion]. The excretion or expulsion of waste-prod- 
ucts. 
eccritic (ek-rit'ik) [Gr. exxpirixos], 1. Promoting 
excretion. 2. A drug that promotes excretion. 
eccyesis (ek-si-e'sis) [Gr. ex out + Kirqais preg- 
nancy]. Extra-uterine fetation. 
ecdemic (ek-dem'ik) [Gr. exS^pos away from home]. 
Not endemic; applied to a disease originating in 
a cause away from the place where it occurs. 
ecdemomania (ek"de-mo-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. eK^pos 
abroad + pavia madness]. An insane desire to 
wander away from home. 
ecdemonosus (ek-de-mon'o-sus) [Gr. exS^pos from 
home + vbcos illness]. Same as ecdemomania. 
ecderon (ek'der-on) [Gr. ex out + bepos skin]. The 
outer layer of the skin and the mucous mem- 
brane. 
ecdysis (ek'dis-is) [Gr. eKbveiv to put off]. Des- 
quamation or sloughing. 
ecg. Abbreviation for electrocardiogram. 
ecgonin (ek'go-nin). A crystalline alkaloid, C»- 
H15NO3 + H2O, derived from cocain. ECHIDNASE 
360 
ECLECTICISM 
echidnase (e-kid'nas) [Gr. exiSva viper], A phlo- 
gogenic ferment found in the venom of vipers. 
echidnin (e-kid'nin) [Gr. exibva viper]. Serpent- 
poison, or a nitrogenous poisopous principle from 
serpent poison. 
Echidnoph'aga gallina'cea. The sticktight flea 
of the family Sarcopsyllidae. It collects in dense 
masses on the heads of chickens, in the ears of other 
animals, and on man. 
echidnotoxin (e-kid-no-tok'sin). A poisonous prin- 
ciple existing in the venom of vipers. 
echidnovaccine (e-kid-no-vak'sen) [Gr. exidra 
viper + vaccine]. Viper venom that has been de- 
prived of its poisonous power by heating. It is 
used as a vaccine against venom. 
Echinacea (ek-in-a'se-ah) [Gr. exlvos hedgehog]. 
A genus of composite plants. E. angustifo'lia 
and E. purpu'rea have tonic properties. 
echinate (ek'in-at). Same as echinulate. 
echinochrome (ek-in'o-krom). The red coloring- 
matter of echinoderms. 
echinococcosis (ek-in"o-kok-o'sis). Infection with 
echinococci. 
echinococcotomy (ek"in-o-kok-kot'o-me) [echino- 
coccus + Gr. Topi) cut]. Excision or evacuation 
of an echinococcus cyst. 
echinococcus (ek-in-o-kok'us) [Gr. kxlvos hedge- 
hog + kokkos berry]. A small tapeworm, Tania 
echinococcus, found in the adult form in dogs, 
wolves, and jackals. The cysticercus stage is 
found in man, sheep, cattle, and swine in hydatid 
cysts, e. alveola'ris. Same as e. multilocularis. 
e. cys'ticus, echinococcus disease of the liver 
forming a single cyst. e. granulo'sus, the form 
of Taenia echinococcus which produces the usual 
vesicular form of cyst. e. hydatido'sus, a form 
of echinococcus marked by the presence of daugh- 
ter-cysts. e. multilocula'ris, the form of 
Taenia echinococcus which produces a cyst made 
up of a great mass of separate vesicles varying in 
size from a pinhead to a pea. These may infiltrate 
the surrounding tissues and become neoplastic or 
ulcerative. e. unilocula'ris. Same as e. 
cysticus. 
echinoderm (e-kin'o-derm). One of the Echino- 
dermata. 
Echinodermata (e-ki-no-der-mat'ah). A division 
of the animal kingdom, including star-fishes, sea- 
eggs, etc. 
echinophthalmia (e-kin-of-thal'me-ah) [Gr. ex^os 
hedgehog + ophthalmia}. Inflammation of the 
eyelids marked by projection of the lashes. 
Echinorhynchus (e-kin-o-ring'kus) [Gr. kxivos 
hedgehog + pvyxos beak]. A genus of parasitic 
worms occasionally found in man. E. gi'gas. 
See Gigantorhynchus gigas. E. hom'inis, a species 
once found in a boy. E. monilifor'mis is para- 
sitic in rats and mice. 
echinosis (ek-in-o'sis) [Gr. exiws hedgehog]. Ir- 
regularity in the form of an erythrocyte, in which 
it has a spiny appearance. Cf. crenation. 
Echinostoma (ek-in-o-sto'mah). A genus of para- 
sitic flukes. E. echina'tum is found in the in- 
testines of ducks and geese and occasionally in 
man in the Philippine Islands. E. malaya'num has 
been found in the natives of Singapore and the 
Malay States. 
echinulate (e-kin'u-lat) [L. echi'nus hedgehog]. 
Having small prickles or spines; applied in bac- 
teriology to cultures showing toothed or pointed 
outgrowths. 
echitone (ek'it-on). A preparation of echinacea, 
iris, and viola: used in eczema. 
echo, amphoric (ek'o). The amphoric voice when 
it follows the oral voice at an appreciable interval, 
metallic e., a peculiar ringing sound sometimes 
heard with the heart-sounds in pneumopericar- 
dium and pneumothorax. 
echo-acousia (ek"o-ak-oo'ze-ah) [Gr. ^x^ echo + 
aKovaia hearing]. The subjective experience of 
hearing echoes after normally heard sounds. 
echographia (ek-o-gra'fe-ah) [Gr. ^x« echo + 
ypatpew to write]. An aphasic condition in which 
the patient can copy writing, but cannot write to 
express ideas. 
echokinesis (ek"o-kin-e'sis) [Gr. echo + 
Klurjats motion]. The spasmodic and involuntary 
imitation of movements seen. 
echolalia (ek-o-la'le-ah) [Gr. ijx^ echo + XaXia. 
speech, babble]. The meaningless repetition by 
a patient of words addressed to him. 
echolalus (ek-o-la'lus), pl. echola'li. A person 
who in a hypnotized state repeats meaninglessly 
the words he hears. 
echomatism (ek-o'mat-izm) [Gr. ^x« echo]. The 
purposeless imitation of an act. 
echomimia (ek-o-mim'e-ah). Imitation of the 
movements of others. 
echomotism (ek-o-mo'tizm) [Gr. ^x« echo]. 
Imitation of movements. 
echopathy (ek-op'ath-e) [Gr. ^x« echo + 7rd0os 
disease]. A nervous disease marked by the sense- 
less repetition of words or actions. 
echophony (ek-of'o-ne) [Gr. faw echo + tpuvij 
voice]. An echo-like sound heard immediately 
after a vocal sound on auscultation of the chest. 
echophotony (ek-o-fot'o-nel [Gr. ^xd> echo + 
light + tovos tone]. The association of certain 
colors with certain sounds. 
echophrasia (ek-o-fra'se-ah). Same as echolaGa. 
echopraxia (ek-o-prak'se-ah). Echopraxis. 
echopraxis (ek-o-prak'sis) [Gr. ^x« echo + 
■Kpaauew to perform]. The meaningless and pur- 
poseless repetition on the part of an insane pa- 
tient, of motions which have been started by the 
examining physicians. 
echo-speech (ek'o-spech). Same as echolalia. 
echtisia (ek-tis'e-ah). A proprietary antiseptic and 
alterative preparation of Echinacea, Baptisia, 
Thuja, and Phytolacca. 
echugin (ek'u-jin). A poisonous glucosid, C5Hg- 
O3, from the African shrub, Ade'nium boehmia'num. 
eciomania (ek"e-o-ma'ne-ah). See ecomania. 
Eek's fistula (eks) [Gottlieb Wilhelm Eck, Prussian 
physician, 1795-1848]. See fistula. 
Ecker's convolution, fissure (ek'erz) [Alexan- 
der Ecker, German anatomist, 1816-1887]. See 
convolution, fissure. 
eclabium (ek-la'be-um) [Gr. Ik out + L. la'bium 
lip]. Eversion of the lips or of a lip. 
eclampsia (ek-lamp'se-ah) [Gr. Ik out + Xapireu, 
to flash]. A sudden attack of convulsions, espe- 
cially one of a peripheral origin, infantile e., 
eclampsia of reflex origin, as from teething, worms, 
rickets, fever, or diarrhea, or from temporary 
cerebral congestion, e. nu'tans, nodding spasm, 
or salaam convulsion. See convulsion. puer- 
peral e., occurs at or near the end of pregnancy, 
and is often uremic, e. ro'tans, gyrospasm, 
uremic e., eclampsia caused by uremia due to 
suppression of the urine. 
eclampsism (ek-lamp'sizm). Bar's term for puer- 
peral eclampsia without convulsive seizures, but 
with other signs of blood intoxication. 
eclamptic (ek-lamp'tik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of eclampsia. 
eclamptism (ek-lamp'tizm). The condition due 
to the autointoxication incident to pregnancy, 
and marked by headache, visual impairment, and 
sometimes by convulsions. 
Eclec. Abbreviation for eclectic. 
eclectic (ek-lek'tik) [Gr. ckXcktikos selecting]. 
Designating a sect or school which professes to 
select what is best from all other systems of medi- 
cine. See eclecticism. 
eclecticism (ek-lek'tis-izm) [Gr. Ik out + Xeya^ 
to select]. A system of medicine which treats ECLYSIS 
361 
ECTODERMAL 
diseases by the application of single remedies to 
known pathologic conditions, without reference 
to nosology, special attention being given to de- 
veloping indigenous plant remedies. 
eclysis (ek'lis-is). Mild syncope. 
ecmnesia (ek-mne'ze-ah) [Gr. ex out of 4- pvijais 
memory]. Forgetfulness of recent events with 
normal memory for more remote ones. 
ecochleation (e-kok-le-a'shun). 1. Excision of the 
cochlea. 2. Enucleation. 
ecoid (e'koid). The colorless framework of a red 
blood-corpuscle. 
ecology, cecology (e-kol'o-je) [Gr. olkos house 4- 
Xbyos treatise]. The science of organisms as af- 
fected by the factors of their environment; the 
study of the environment and life-history of organ- 
isms. 
ecomania (e-ko-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. oIkos house 4- 
pavla madness]. Mental disorder marked by 
unhappiness and bad temper on the part of the 
patient in his domestic relations. 
ecoparasite (e-ko-par'as-it). Same as ecosite. 
ecophobia (e-ko-fo'be-ah). Oikophobia. 
ecophony (ek-of'o-ne). Same as echophony. 
ecosite (e'ko-sit) [Gr. oikos house 4- airos food] 
A stationary parasite to which the host is immune. 
ecouvillon (a-koo-ve-yon') [Fr.]. A stiff brush or 
swab used in removing debris from the uterus or 
for swabbing out cavities and sores. 
Scouvillonage (a-koo-ve-yon-nahzh') [Fr.]. The 
scrubbing of a cavity or a sore. 
ecphyadectomy (ek"fi-ad-ek'to-me) [Gr. eK<pvas 
appendix 4- emopr) excision]. Excision of the 
vermiform appendix. 
ecphyaditis (ek"fi-ad-i'tis) [Gr. eKtpvas appendix]. 
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. 
ecphylactic (ek-fi-lak'tik). Pertaining to or marked 
by ecphylaxis. 
ecphylaxis (ek-fi-lak'sis) [Gr. ex out of 4- <pvXa^is 
protection]. A condition of impotency of the anti- 
bodies or phylactic agents in the blood. 
ecphyma (ek-fi'mah), pl. ecphy'mala [Gr. ex out 4- 
<pvpa growth]. An outgrowth or protuberance, 
e. glob'ulus, a contagious disease of Ireland, 
characterized by the formation on the skin of 
tubercles which soften, forming red swellings. 
ecrasement (a-krahz-maw') [Fr.]. Removal by 
means of the ecraseur. 
ecraseur (a-krah-zer') [Fr. " crusher "]. An in- 
strument containing a chain o^ cord to be looped 
about a part and then tightened so as to divide 
the inclosed part. 
ecsolent (ek'so-lent). The name of certain pro- 
prietary preparations for treatment of eczema and 
other skin eruptions. 
ecsomatics (ek-so-mat'iks) [Gr. ex out 4- adpa 
body]. The study by laboratory methods of the 
materials removed from the body. 
ecstasy (ek'stas-e) [Gr. eKaraais]. A kind of trance 
or state of fixed contemplation with mental exal- 
tation, partial abeyance of most of the functions, 
and rapt expression of countenance. 
ecstatic (ek-stat'ik). Pertaining to or character- 
ized by ecstasy. 
ecstrophy (ek'stro-fe) [Gr. exa-rpo^ a turning out]. 
The turning inside out of a part, as the bladder 
or uterus. Same as exstrophy. 
ectacolia, ectacoly (ek-ta-ko'le-ah, ek-tak'o-le). 
Ectasia of a portion of the colon. 
ectad (ek'tad) [Gr. emos without]. Outward; the 
reverse of inward. 
ectal (ek'tal) [Gr. eKrbs without]. Superficial or 
external. 
ectasia, ectasis (ek-ta'ze-ah, ek'tas-is) [Gr. ex 
out 4- reiveiv to stretch]. Dilatation, expansion, 
or distention, alveolar e., alveolar emphysema. 
See emphysema, 2d def. diffuse arterial e., cir- 
soid aneurysm, hypostatic e., dilatation of a 
blood-vessel from the effect of gravity on the blood, 
e. i'ridis, a condition in which the iris is displaced, 
causing smallness of the pupil, papillary e., 
a circumscribed dilatation of the capillaries, form- 
ing a red spot on the skin. 
ectasin (ek'tas-in) [Gr. ex out 4- reiveev to stretch]. 
A substance derivable from tuberculin and having 
the properties of a vasomotor dilator. 
ectasy (ek'ta-se). Same as ectasia. 
ectatic (ek-tat'ik). Distended or stretched; dis- 
tensible. 
ectental (ek-ten'tal) [Gr. eKrbs without 4- evros 
within]. Pertaining to the ectoderm and ento- 
derm. 
ecterograph (ek'ter-o-graf) [Gr. euros outside 4- 
ypdtpeiv to write]. An apparatus for recording 
graphically the movements of the intestines. 
ectethmoids (ek-teth'inoidz) [Gr. emos without + 
ethmoid]. The lateral masses of the ethmoids. 
ecthol (ek'thol). A remedy for erysipelas, prepared 
from Echina'cea angustifo'lia and Thu'ja occi- 
denta'lis. Dose, 1 dr. (3.9 c.c.). 
ecthyma (ek-thi'mah) [Gr. Ik out + 6vav to rush]. 
A pustular eruption, usually seated on a hardened 
base, and encircled by an inflammatory area. 
The pustules discharge, leaving spots of pig- 
mented cicatrization. It is often the result of 
filth, hunger, and parasites, e. gangraeno'sum, 
dermatitis gangraenosa infantum, e. syphilit'- 
icum, an ecthymiform eruption in tertiary syphilis, 
tropical e., dermatitis cupoliformis. 
ecthymatiform, ecthymiform (ek-thim-at'if- 
orm, ek-thi'mif-orm). Resembling ecthyma. 
ecthyreosis (ek-thi-re-o'sis) [Gr. ex out 4- thyroid]. 
Absence of the thyroid gland or loss of the func- 
tion of the gland. 
ectiris (ek-ti'ris) [Gr. emos without + iris]. The 
external layer of the iris. 
ecto- [Gr. emos without]. A prefix denoting situ- 
ated on, without, or on the outside. 
ectoblast (ek'to-blast) [Gr. emos out + ^Xaarbs 
germ]. 1. The ectoderm or epiblast. 2. Any 
external membrane; a cell-wall. 
ectocardia (ek-to-kar'de-ah) {Gr. emos out + 
KapSla heart]. Displacement of the heart. 
ectochoroidea (ek"to-ko-roid'e-ah) [Gr. emos 
outer + xopioeiSijs choroid]. The outer layer of 
the choroid coat of the eye. 
ectocinerea (ek"to-sin-e're-ah) [Gr. emos outer -f- 
cinerea]. The cortical gray matter of the brain. 
ectocinereal (ek"to-sin-e're-al). Relating to the 
ectocinerea. 
ectocolon (ek-to-ko'lon) [Gr. emaaes dilatation + 
koXov colon]. Dilatation of the colon. 
ectocolostomy (ek-to-ko-los'to-me) [Gr. emos 
outside + colostomy], The surgical formation of 
an opening into the colon through the abdominal 
wall. 
ectocondyle (ek-to-kon'dll). The external condyle 
of a bone. 
ectocornea (ek-to-kor'ne-ah) [Gr. emos outer 4- 
cornea], The outer layer of the cornea. 
octocuneiform (ek-to-ku'ne-if-orm) [Gr. emos 
outer + cuneiform]. The outer cuneiform bone. 
ectodactylism (ek-to-dak'til-izm) [Gr. emos with- 
out 4- SamvXos finger]. Absence of a digit or 
digits. 
ectoderm (ek'to-derm) [Gr. Ik out + Seppa skin]. 
The epiblast or outer layer of the primitive (two- 
layered) embryo. See epiblast, blastodermic 
e., primitive e. See Rauber's layer, under 
layer. 
ectodermal (ek-to-der'mal) [Gr. emos outside 4- 
Seppa skin]. Pertaining to or derived from the 
ectoderm. ECTODERMIC 
362 
ECZEMA 
ectodermic (ek-to-der'mik). Ectodermal. 
ectodermoidal (ek"to-der-moid'al). Of the nature 
of or resembling the ectoderm. 
ecto-entad (ek-to-en'tad). From without inward, 
ecto-enzyme (ek-to-en'zim). An enzyme which is 
secreted from a cell into the surrounding medium; 
an extracellular enzyme. Cf. endo-enzyme. 
ectogenic, ectogenous (ek-to-jen'ik, ek-toj'en- 
us) [Gr. euros outer + yevvav to produce]. Devel- 
oped outside the organism. 
ectoglia (ek-tog'le-ah) [Gr. euros without + 7Xia 
glue]. The thin external layer of the early medul- 
lary tube of the embryo. 
ectoglobular (ek-to-glob'u-lar) [Gr. cktos outer 4- 
globule]. Formed outside the blood-globules. 
ectogluteus, ectoglutaeus (ek"to-glu-te'us). 
The gluteus maximus muscle. 
ectokelostomy (ek"to-ke-los'to-me) [Gr. euros 
without 4- K7)Xr) hernia + arbpa mouth]. Opera- 
tion of displacing a hernial sac through the ab- 
dominal wall and keeping it open with drainage, 
followed by operation for radical cure. 
ectoloph (ek'to-lof). The external ridge on an 
upper molar tooth of the horse. 
ectomere (ek'to-mer) [Gr. eurbs outer + pepos 
part]. Any one of the blastomeres which share in 
the formation of the ectoderm. 
ectomesoblast (ek-to-mes'o-blast). The layer of 
cells which has not yet become differentiated into 
ectoblast and mesoblast. 
ectonuclear (ek-to-nu'kle-ar). Outside the nu- 
cleus of a cell. 
ectopagus (ek-top'a-gus) [Gr. euros without + 
irayos union], A twin monster-fetus laterally 
united by the chest-walls. 
ectoparasite (ek-to-par'as-it) [Gr. euros outer 4- 
parasite], A parasite upon the exterior of the 
body. 
ectopectoralis (ek"to-pek-to-ra'lis). The pecto- 
ralis major muscle. 
ectoperitoneal (ek"to-per-it-o-ne'al). Relating to 
the external or abdominal surface of the peritoneum. 
ectoperitonitis (ek"to-per-it-o-ni'tis) [Gr. euros 
outer + peritonitis]. Inflammation of the ex- 
ternal or attached side of the peritoneum. 
ectophylaxination (ek"to-fi-laks-in-a'shun). The 
process of rendering immune by the transference 
to the animal of a prophylactic substance which 
has been developed in some other animal. 
ectophyte (ek'to-fit) [Gr. euros outward + <pvrbv 
plant]. An external vegetable parasite. 
ectopia, ectopy (ek-to'pe-ah, ek'to-pe) [Gr. iu- 
rottos displaced]. Displacement or malposition, 
especially if congenital, e. cor'dis, displacement 
of the heart outside the thoracic cavity, e. len'- 
tis, displacement of the crystalline lens of the 
eye. e. vesi'cse, exstrophy of the bladder. 
ectopic (ek-top'ik). Out of the normal place. 
ectoplasm (ek'to-plazm) [Gr. euros without + 
irXaapa a thing formed]. The outer portion or 
region of the cytoplasm of a cell which is some- 
what differentiated in texture from the inner por- 
tion or endoplasm. 
ectoplasmatic (ek"to-plaz-mat'ik). Pertaining to 
ectoplasm; outside of the cell plasma. 
ectoplastic (ek-to-plas'tik) [Gr. euros outside + 
TcXarraeLv to shape]. Having a formative power 
on the surface, as, ectoplastic cells. See cell. 
ectopotomy (ek-to-pot'o-me) [Gr. euro-iros out of 
place 4- ropi] cut]. Excision of the fetus in extra- 
uterine pregnancy. 
ectopterygoid (ek-to-ter'ig-oid). The external 
pterygoid muscle. 
ectoretina (ek-to-ret'in-ah) [Gr. eurbs outer 4~ 
retina]. The outermost layer of the retina. 
ectosarc (ek'to-sark) [Gr. eurbs outer + aap^ flesh]. 
The outer layer of Amoeba and Gregarinidia. 
ectoskeleton (ek-to-skel'et-on). Same as exo- 
skeleton. 
ectosphenoid (ek-to-sfe'noid). The outer cunei- 
form bone. 
ectosphere (ek'to-sfer). The outer zone of the 
centrosphere. 
ectosteal (ek-tos'te-al). Pertaining to or situated 
on the outside of a bone. 
ectostosis (ek-tos-to'sis) [Gr. euros outside + bareov 
bone]. Ossification beneath the perichondrium. 
ectosuggestion (ek"to-sug-jes'chun) [Gr. euros 
without + suggestion]. A suggestion originating 
from outside; the reverse of autosuggestion. 
ectothrix (ek'to-thriks) [Gr. euros outer + 0pl% 
hair], A form of trichophyton which does not in- 
vade the hair, but is found on the surface of the 
hair shaft. 
ectotoxemia (ek"to-toks-e'me-ah) [Gr. euros outer 
+ toxemia], Toxemia produced by a substance 
introduced from outside the body. 
ecto toxic (ek-to-tok'sik). Secreting toxin freely: 
said of bacteria. 
ectotoxin (ek-to-tok'sin). Exotoxin. 
ectotriceps (ek-to-tri'seps). The outer head of the 
triceps muscle. 
Ectotrichophyton (ek"to-tri-kof'it-on) [Gr. euros 
outside + 0pl^ hair + tpiirov plant], A genus of 
fungi which attack the surface of the hair shaft. 
ectozoon (ek-to-zo'on), pl. ectozo'a [Gr. euros out- 
ward + faov animal]. An animal ectoparasite. 
ectrimma (ek-trim'ah) [Gr.]. An ulcer caused by 
friction; a bed-sore. 
ectrodactylia, ectrodactylism (ek"tro-dak-til'e- 
ah, ek-tro-dak'til-izm) [Gr. eurpupa abortion + 
baurvXos finger]. Congenital absence of digits. 
ectrogenic (ek-tro-jen'ik). Marked by ectrogeny. 
ectrogeny (ek-troj'en-e) [Gr. eurpupa abortion 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Congenital absence or de- 
fect of a part. 
ectromelia (ek-tro-me'le-ah). Absence of a limb 
or limbs. 
ectromelic (ek-tro-mel'ik). Having abortive limbs; 
of the nature of an ectromelus. 
ectromelus (ek-trom'el-us) [Gr. iurpupa abortion 
+ peXos limb]. A monster characterized by de- 
fective limbs or no limbs. 
ectropion, ectropium (ek-tro'pe-on, ek-tro'pe- 
um) [Gr. eu out + rpeTTfiv to turn]. Eversion or 
turning out of the edge, as of an eyelid. 
ectropionize (ek-tro'pe-on-iz). To put into a state 
of ectropion or eversion. 
ectrosis (ek-tro'sis) [Gr.]. Abortion; abortive treat- 
ment of disease. 
ectrosyndactyly (ek"tro-sin-dak'til-e) [Gr. eurpu- 
pa abortion + avv together + baurvXas finger], 
A condition in which some of the digits are miss- 
ing and those that remain are coherent. 
ectrotic (ek-trot'ik). Abortive; arresting the de- 
velopment of a disease. 
eczema (ek'ze-mah) [Gr. eu^eiv to boil out]. An 
inflammatory skin disease with vesiculation, in- 
filtration, watery discharge, and the development 
of scales and crusts. The lesions vary much in 
character, and the disease is frequently attended 
with restlessness and fever and other symptoms 
of constitutional disturbance, as well as by local 
itching and burning, e. a'ni affects the surface 
of the anus. e. bar'bse attacks the parts covered 
by the beard, e. cap'itis, eczema of the scalp, 
e. crusto'sum, a variety with thinnish yellow 
crusts, e. diabetico'rum, a form which ac- 
companies glycosuria. e. epizodt'ica. See foot- 
and-mouth disease. e. erythemato'sum, a 
relatively mild form of eczema with erythematous 
patches, e. fis'sum, a variety with hardened 
and fissured skin. e. hypertroph'icum, a 
disease characterized by enlargement of the ECZEMATIZATION 
363 
EFFECTOR 
skin papillae, resulting in a crop of warty out- 
growths. infantile e., a form common in 
young infants and occurring especially during 
dentition, e. intertri'go. Same as intertrigo. 
lichenoid e., a variety characterized by thick- 
ening of the epidermis, e. mad'idans, a form, 
of various subvarieties, marked by hot, moist, and 
swollen skin. e. margina'tum. See tinea 
cruris, e. neurit icum, any eczema appearing 
in patches limited to defined areas supplied by 
particular cutaneous nerves, e. papulo'sum, 
a form accompanied by the formation of mi- 
nute papules of firm consistence and deep red 
color and by severe itching, e. parasit'icum, 
any form due to an animal or vegetable parasitic 
microorganism, photographers' e., metol der- 
matitis. See metol. e. pustulo'sum, a form 
marked by the formation of pustules, e. ru- 
brum, a form of eczema marked by infiltration, 
thickening, often with swelling and sometimes with 
intermittent edema and variable degrees of redness. 
The surface is usually oozing, e. sclero'sum, 
keratosis of the palms and soles, e. seborrho'- 
icum. See seborrhea, see-saw e., eczema al- 
ternating with some other disease, e. sola're. 
Same as lichen tropicus, e. squamo'sum, a 
variety characterized by adherent scales of shed 
epithelium, e. verruco'sum, a warty type, 
affecting chiefly aged or elderly persons, e. 
vesiculo'sum, eczema marked by the presence 
of vesicles, weeping e., a form marked by fluid 
exudation on the surface. 
eczematization (ek-zem"at-iz-a'shun). Persistent 
eczema-like lesions of the skin due to continued 
traumatism and scratching. 
eczematoid (ek-zem'at-oid). Resembling eczema, 
eczematosis (ek-zem-at-o'sis). Any eczematous 
disease. 
eczematous (ek-zem'at-us). Affected with or of 
the nature of eczema. 
eczemoline (ek-zem'o-len). A proprietary prep- 
aration of zinc salts: used for skin diseases. 
E. D. Abbreviation for erythema dose. 
edea, aedoea (e-de'ah), pl. [Gr. alfioia]. The gen- 
ital organs. 
Edebohls' operation, position (ed'eb-olz) 
[George M. Edebohls, New York surgeon, 1853- 
1908]. See under operation and position. 
edeitis, aedoeitis (e-de-i'tis) [Gr. alboia genitals + 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of the genitals. 
edema, oedema (e-de'mah) [Gr. olbyiia swelling]. 
Swelling due to effusion of watery liquid into 
the connective tissue, ambulant e. See Calabar 
swelling, under swelling, angioneurotic e., cir- 
cumscribed edematous patches arising from an 
angioneurosis. blue e., a puffed, bluish appear- 
ance of a limb in hysteric paralysis, brown e., 
hardening and infiltration of the lung with a 
brownish fluid, e. bullo'sum vesi'cae, a condi- 
tion of the mucous lining of the bladder marked 
by the formation of clear vesicles with small 
white particles floating between them. e. cal'- 
idum. Same as inflammatory e. cardiac e., 
edema due to heart disease, circumscribed e., 
angioneurotic edema, collateral e., edema of 
one part of a paired organ, as the lungs, produced 
by overaction on account of disease of the other 
part, e. ex vac'uo, edema of a part resulting from 
the vacuum caused by atrophy of some structure 
in the part, famine e., war edema, flying e., 
temporary swellings in any part of the body, due 
to effusion of fluid, e. frig'idum. Sameaswow- 
inflammatory e. e. fu'gax, flying edema, gase- 
ous e., subcutaneous emphysema, hereditary 
e., a peculiar inherited tendency to the occurrence 
of acute attacks of local edema. Huguenin's e., 
acute congestive edema of the brain, hunger e., 
war edema, hydremic e., edema in conditions 
marked by hydremia, inflammatory e., a form 
due to inflammation, and attended with redness and 
pain, lymphatic e., edema in which the effused 
liquid comes from the lymph-vessels, malignant 
e., edema marked by rapid extension, with destruc- 
tion of tissue and the formation of a gas. mucous 
e., myxedema, mycotic e., oedema mycosis: 
the South African horse-sickness; a deadly epizootic 
of microbic origin, e. neonato'rum, a disease of 
newborn children marked by spreading edema with 
cold, livid skin, neuropathic e. See pseudo- 
lipoma. non-inflammatory e., edema with- 
out redness and pain, occurring from passive 
congestion or a watery condition of the blood, 
nutritional e., war edema, pulmonary e., 
an effusion of serous fluid into the air-vesicles and 
interstitial tissue of the lungs, purulent e., a 
swelling due to the effusion of a purulent fluid. 
Quincke's e., acute circumscribed edema of the 
skin, renal e., edema due to nephritis, rheu- 
matismal e., painful red, edematous swellings 
on the limbs in rheumatism, due to subcutaneous 
exudation, salt e., edema produced by an in- 
crease of sodium chlorid in the diet, solid e., 
myxedema, venous e., edema in which the 
effused liquid comes from the blood, war e., a 
condition which occurred widely throughout Ger- 
many during the Great War, marked by suddenly 
developing edema, especially of the lower limbs, 
by polyuria, bradycardia, and asthenia. The 
scrotum is sometimes affected. The edema soon 
disappears when the patient is put to bed. It is 
caused by dietary deficiency. Called also famine 
edema, famine dropsy, hunger edema, and nutritional 
dropsy. 
edematin, oedematin (e-dem'at-in). The sub- 
stance composing the microsomes of a cell. 
edematization (e-dem-at-iz-a'shun). The act of 
making edematous. 
edematous (e-dem'at-us). Pertaining to or affected 
by edema. 
edentulous (e-den'tu-lus) [L. e without + dens 
tooth]. Without teeth; lacking teeth. 
edeology, sedceology (e-de-ol'o-je) [Gr. alboia 
genitals + Xbyos treatise]. The study of the 
genital organs. 
edestan (e-des'tan). An insoluble form of edestin 
produced by an increase of the hydrogen-ion con- 
centration. 
edestin (e-des'tin). A pure crystalline protein ob- 
tained from hemp-seed. It is used in estimating 
the peptic index according to the method of Fuld. 
Edinger's law, nucleus, etc. (ed'in-gerz) [Lud- 
wig Edinger, German neurologist, 1855-1918]. See 
under law, nucleus, etc. 
Edlefsen's reagent (ed'lef-senz) [Gustav J. J. F. 
Edlejsen, German physician, born 1842]. See 
reagent. 
Edsall's disease (ed'salz) [David Linn Edsall, 
physician in Boston, born 1869]. Heat-cramp. 
See under cramp. 
educated corpuscle (ed'u-ka-ted). See under cor- 
puscle. 
educt (e'dukt). A substance extracted from or- 
ganic matter without any alteration in its com- 
position: opposed to product. 
edulcorant (e-dul'ko-rant). Sweetening, 
edulcorate (e-dul'ko-rat). To sweeten, 
eelworm (el'wurm). Same as ascaris. 
effect (ef-ekt'). The result produced by an action, 
contrary e., Hata's phenomenon. Danysz e., 
Danysz phenomenon. See phenomenon. Mierze- 
jewski e., the disharmonious development of 
gray and white matter of the brain, the gray being 
in excess, photo-electric e., the ejection of 
electrons from matter when light of short wave- 
lengths falls upon it. Zeeman e., separation of a 
single line in the spectrum by suitable magnetic 
fields. 
effector (ef-ek'tor). A nerve end-organ which serves 
to distribute impulses which activate muscle con- 
traction and gland secretion, somatic e., one of EFFEMINATION 
364 
EIWEISSMILCH 
the nerve end-organs in the striated skeletal mus- 
cles. visceral e., one of the end-organs in in- 
voluntary muscle. 
effemination (ef-fem-in-a'shun). The condition in 
which a man has the feelings and tastes of a woman. 
efferent (ef'er-ent) [L. ex out + fe/re to bear]. 
Conveying blood or a secretion away from a part; 
conveying impulses away from a nerve-center. 
efferential (ef-er-en'shal). Same as efferent. 
effervescent, effervescing (ef-er-ves'ent, ef-er- 
ves'ing) [L. efferves'cens}. Bubbling; sparkling; 
giving off gas-bubbles. 
effleurage (ef-lu-rahzh') [Fr.]. Stroking movement 
in massage. 
efflorescence (ef-lo-res'ens) [L. efflorescen'tia}. 1. 
The fact or state of being efflorescent. 2. A rash 
or eruption; any skin lesion. 
efflorescent (ef-lo-res'ent) ' [L. efflores'cere to 
bloom]. Becoming powdery in consequence of 
losing the water of crystallization. 
effluve (ef-fluv'). A spray-like electric discharge. 
effluvium Cef-lu've-um), pl., effluvia [L. e out + 
flu'ere to flow]. An ill-smelling exhalation, espe- 
cially if of noxious character, telluric e., an 
exhalation arising from the earth. 
effumability (ef-u-ma-bil'it-e) [L. ex out -T fu'mus 
smoke]. The property of being volatilized easily. 
effuse (ef-uz') [L. efflu'sus, from ex out + fun'dere to 
pour]. Spread out, profuse: said of bacterial growth 
that is thin, veily, and unusually spreading. 
effusion (ef-u'zhun) [L. effu'sio a pouring out]. 
1. The escape of fluid into a part or tissue. 2. 
An effused material. 
efuniculate (e-fu-nik'u-lat) [L. e priv. J- funicu- 
lus}. Having no funiculus or navel-string. 
egagropilus (e-gag-rop'il-us) [Gr. cu£ goat + 
iri\os ball]. A hairy tumor of the stomach; hair- 
ball. 
egersimeter (e-ger-sim'e-ter). An instrument for 
testing the electric excitability of nerves and 
muscles. 
egesta (e-jes'tah) [L. e out + ger'ere to bear]. 
Excreted matter; waste material thrown out from 
the body. 
egg (eg) [L. o'vum}. The animal ovum, especially 
one which is hatched outside the body. e.-al- 
bumin, a principle which constitutes 20 per cent, 
of the white of hens' eggs, e.-flip. See mis- 
tura spiritus vini gallici. holoblastic e., one in 
which the entire yolk unde, goes segmentation, 
e.-membrane, the membrane which surrounds 
the ovum, or egg: if derived from the ovum, it is 
called primary; if from neighboring structures, it 
is secondary, meroblastic e., one in which the 
yolk contains much nutrient matter which does 
not take part in segmentation, e.-shell. See 
testa ovi. e.-yolk. See vitellus. 
Eggleston's method (eg'el-stunz) [Carey Eggles- 
ton, New York physician]. See under method. 
egilops (e'jil-ops) [Gr. ai£ goat + wf eye]. Per- 
forating abscess at the inner canthus of the eye. 
eglandulous (e-gland'u-lus) [L. e without + glan'- 
dula glandule]. Having no glands. 
eglatol (eg'lat-ol). A compound of the chloral 
group: used as a hypnotic and nervine. Dose, 
75-15 gr- (0.5-1 gm.) a day. 
egmol (eg'mol). A proprietary egg emulsion with 
olive oil: used as a nutritive. 
egobronchophony (e"go-bron-kof'o-ne) [Gr. 
goat -T bronchophony}. The bleating and bron- 
chial voice characteristic of pleuropneumonia. 
egocentric (e-go-sen'trik) [L. ego I + centric}. Self- 
centered; having all the ideas centered about one's 
self. 
egol (e'gol). Any orthonitroparasulphonate of mer- 
cury and potassium combined with a phenol; 
the egols are red-brown, soluble powders: anti- 
septic and emetic. 
egomania (e-go-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. eyw I + pavia mad- 
ness], Morbid self-esteem. 
egophony (e-gof'o-ne) [Gr. ai£ goat + ipwpj) voice]. 
A bleating quality of voice observed in ausculta- 
tion in certain cases of lung consolidation (Laen- 
nec). 
Egyptian chlorosis. See chlorosis. 
Ehrenritter's ganglion (er'en-rit-erz) [Johann 
Ehrenritter, Austrian anatomist, died 1790]. See 
ganglion. 
Ehret's disease (er'ets) [Heinrich Ehret, German 
physician, born 1870]. See disease. 
Ehrlich's reaction (air-liks) [Paul Ehrlich, German 
scientist at Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1854-1915]. 
See under reaction. E's side-chain theory. 
See under theory. E's "606." See salvarsan. 
Ehrlich-Hatta preparation [Paul Ehrlich; S. 
Hatta, Japanese chemist]. See salvarsan. 
Eichhorst's corpuscles, neuritis (ik'horsts) 
[Hermann Eichhorst, Swiss physician, 1849-1921]. 
See corpuscle and neuritis. 
Eichstedt's disease dk'stedz) [Karl Ferdinand 
Eichstedt, physician in Greifswald, 1816-1892]. 
Pityriasis versicolor. 
eiconometer, eikonometer (i-ko-nom'et-er) [Gr. 
eiKwu image J- perpov measure]. An eye-piece 
micrometer for measuring a microscopic object. 
eidetic (i-det'ik). A person who is able to repro- 
duce exact visualization of events; a person who 
can objectify things at will. 
eidoptometry (i-dop-tom'et-re) [Gr. ethos form + 
oirretv to see + perpov measure]. Measurement of 
the acuteness of vision for the perception of form. 
eighth nerve. The auditory nerve. 
eigon (i'gon). A general name for compounds of 
albumin with iodin: used as substitutes for iodin, 
iodoform, etc. alpha-eigon, a light-brown pow- 
der containing 20 per cent, of iodin. Called also 
iodo-albumin, beta-eigon, iodized pepsin, con- 
taining a 15 per cent, solution of iodin; it is a yel- 
lowish, odorless and tasteless powder: used inter- 
nally as a substitute for iodin, especially where 
there is digestive weakness. Dose, 5-50 gr. (0.33- 
3.25 gm.). 
eikonogen (i-kon'o-jen). A photographic devel- 
oper, amino naphthol sulphonate, OH.C10H5.- 
(NH2)SO2.OH. 
eikonometer (i-ko-nom'et-er). See eiconometer. 
eiloid (i'loid) [Gr. ei\eiv to coil + ethos form.] 
Having a coiled appearance. 
eiloin (i-lo'in). A proprietary antirheumatic prep- 
aration. 
Eimeria (i-me're-ah). A genus of coccidians. E. 
hom'inis, a parasite found in the exudate in a 
case of purulent pleurisy. E. sti'edaa is found in 
rabbits. E. wenyo'ni, a parasite occasionally 
found in man. 
Einhorn's saccharimeter, test (In'hornz) [Max 
Einhorn, physician in New York, born 1862]. See 
saccharimeter and test. 
Einthoven's string galvanometer (in'to-venz) 
[Willem Einthoven, physiologist in Leyden, born 
i860]. See under galvanometer. 
eisanthema (is-an'them-ah) [Gr. els into + avOelv 
to bloom]. An eruption on a mucous surface. 
Eisenlohr's syndrome (i'sen-lorz) [Carl Eisen- 
lohr, German physician, 1847-1898]. See syn- 
drome. 
eisensajodin (i"sen-sa-i'o-din) [Ger.]. Iron iodobe- 
henate, a reddish powder, used like ferrous iodid. 
Eisenzucker (i'zen-tsook-er) [Ger.]. Ferric hy- 
droxid made soluble by the addition of sugar and 
a small amount of sodium hvdroxid: a chalybeate 
remedy. Dose, 10 gr. (0.65 gm.). 
eisodic (is-od'ik) [Gr. els into -]- ohos way]. Af- 
ferent or centripetal. 
Eiweissmilch (i'vis-miltsh) [Ger.]. Albumen milk. 
See under milk. E.-J. 
365 
ELECTRO Bl OSCOPY 
E.-j. Abbreviation for elbow-jerk. 
ejaculation (e-jak-u-la'shun) [L. ejacula'tio]. A 
sudden act of expulsion, as of the semen. 
ejaculatory (e-jak'u-la-to-re) [L. ejaculato'rius]. 
Serving as a channel of ejaculation, e. duct. 
See duct. 
ejecta (e-jek'tah) [L. pl.; from e out + ja'cere to 
cast]. Excrementitious matters; refuse. 
Ejusd. Abbreviation for L. ejus'dem, of the same. 
EK, EKG. Abbreviation for electrocardiogram. 
ekaiodoform (e"kah-i-o'do-form). Iodoform 
mixed with 0.05 per cent, of paraformaldehyd: 
a bactericide, used in dressing wounds. 
ekiri (e-ki'ri). An acute and fatal form of endemic 
diarrhea occurring in Japan. 
ekphonize (ek'fo-niz). To revive an engram into 
the consciousness. 
ektebin (ek'te-bin). Moro's tuberculin in an 
ointment base containing a keratolytic substance: 
used for the percutaneous treatment of tubercu- 
losis. 
ektogan (ek'to-gan). Zinc peroxid. 
ekzemin. (ek'ze-min). A proprietary sulphur oint- 
ment. 
elacin (el'as-in). Degenerated elastic tissue. 
elaeomyenchysis. See eleomyenchysis. 
elaeoptene (el-e-op'ten). See eleopten. 
elseosaccharum. See oleosaccharum. 
elaidin (el-a'id-in) [Gr. eXaiov oil]. A crystal- 
lizable fat, from various oils. 
elaiometer (el-a-om'et-er). Same as eleometer. 
elaiopathia (el-a-o-path'e-ah). Elaiopathy. 
elaiopathy (el-a-op'ath-e) [Gr. eXatov oil + irdOos 
disease]. A diffuse fatty edema, usually attacking 
the joints of the lower extremities, the effect of 
contusions or distortions incurred in war, and at- 
tributed to the formation of an irritating oily sub- 
stance and its action upon the subcutaneous cellu- 
lar tissue (C. Biondi, 1917). pathomimic e., 
the simulation of disease produced by the injection 
of liquid vaselin subcutaneously. 
Elaps (e'laps). A genus of poisonous snakes, in- 
cluding the harlequin snakes of North America 
and the coral snakes of tropical America. 
elarson (el-aEson). Strontium chlorarsenobeheno- 
late: used in chlorosis, anemia, chorea, and skin 
diseases. Dose, f gr. (0.008 gm.). 
elastic (e-las'tik) [L. elas'ticus]. Susceptible of 
being stretched, compressed, or distorted, and 
then tending to assume its original shape. 
elastica (e-las'tik-ah) [L.]. Gum-elastic or caout- 
chouc. 
elasticin (e-las'tis-in). Same as elastin. 
elasticity (e-las-tis'it-e). The quality or condition 
of being elastic. 
elastin (e-las'tin). A yellow, albuminoid substance, 
the essential constituent of yellow, elastic tissue: 
when dry, it is brittle, but when moist, is flexible 
and elastic. Elastin is insoluble in water or in 
cold alkaline solutions, but dissolves in sulphuric 
acid and in alkaline solutions on boiling. 
elastinase (e-las'tin-as). An enzyme that dissolves 
elastic tissue. 
elastoid (e-las'toid). A substance formed by the 
hyaline degeneration of the internal elastic lamina 
of blood-vessels: seen in the vessels of the uterus 
after delivery. 
elastoma (e-las-to'mah). See pseudoxanthoma 
elaslicum. 
elastometer (e-las-tom'et-er) [L. elas'ticus elastic 
+ me'trum measure]. . An instrument for deter- 
mining the elasticity of tissues, and thus measuring 
the degree of ederha. 
elastase (e-las'tos). An albumose formed by treat- 
ing elastin with ferments, acids, or alkalis. 
elaterin (e-lat'er-in) [L. elateri'num]. A crystal- 
line principle, C20H2SO5, from elaterium: a violent 
hydragogue purgative. Dose, gr. (0.002- 
0.004 gm.); of triturate, ij-if gr. (0.03-0.04 gm.). 
elaterium (el-at-e're-um) [L.]. A deposit from the 
juice of Ecbal'lium elate'rium, a hydragogue 
cathartic and diuretic: it is used in dropsy, and 
as a revulsive in congestion of the brain. Dose, 
gr. (0.01-0.016 gm.); of triturate. | gr. (0.03 
gm.); of compound powder, 5-5 gr. (0.03-0.3 gm.). 
elayl (el'a-il). Ethylene. 
elbon (el'bon). White crystals of cinnamonyl para- 
oxyphenyl urea: used as an expectorant. 
elbow (el'bo) [L. cu'bitus]. 1. The bend of the arm; 
the joint which connects the arm and forearm. 
2. Any angular bend, capped e., a swelling of 
the bursa or a hard, fibrous mass on the point of 
the elbow in horses or cattle. Called also shoe- 
boil. miners' e., enlargement of the bursa over 
the point of the elbow caused by resting the weight 
of the body on the elbow in mining, tennis e., 
epicondylalgia caused by strain in playing tennis. 
elcosis (el-ko'sis). Same as helcosis. 
elder (el'der). The plants, Sambu'cus ni'gra, of 
Europe, 5. canaden'sis, of America, and other con- 
generic species: the flowers, which contain a vola- 
tile oil, are used in dressing wounds, burns, ulcers, 
etc. See Sambucus. 
Elec. Abbreviation for electricity and electuary. 
elecampane (el"e-kam-pan'). The In'ula hele'- 
nium, a composite-flowered plant: its root is- a 
stimulant, antibechic, and tonic, and is used in 
dyspepsia, bronchitis, and amenorrhea. 
Electra complex (e-lek'trah). See under complex. 
electrargol (e-lek-trar'gol). A proprietary colloid 
silver solution; antiseptic and germicidal. It is 
used subcutaneously, intravenously, and intra- 
muscularly. Dose, 5 to 25 c.c. 
electraurol (e-lek-traw'rol). A proprietary colloid 
gold solution. 
electric, electrical (e-lek'trik, e-lek'trik-al). Per- 
taining to electricity. 
electricity (e-lek-tr s'it-e) [Gr. ^XeKrpov amber], A 
form of force rendered active by friction (static 
e., frictional e., franklinic e.) or by vari- 
ous chemic or mechanic means, negative e., 
resinous e., static electricity of the kind that 
is generated by rubbing resin, amber, sulphur, or 
sealing-wax with flannel, positive e., vitreous 
e., static electricity of the kind that is produced 
by rubbing glass with silk. When not static, it is 
called dynamic e. or current e.; if aroused by 
chemic reaction, it is called galvanic e. or vol- 
taic e.; induction develops faradic e., and a 
magnet, magnetic e. 
electrify (e-lek'trif-i). To charge with electricity, 
electrization (e-lek-tri-za'shun). The act of 
charging with or treatment by electricity, direct 
e., electrization by applying one electrode to a 
muscle or to its motor point, and the other to an 
indifferent point. 
electro- [Gr. yXeKrpou amber]. A prefix denoting 
some connection with or relation to electricity. 
electro-affinity (e-lek"tro-af-in'it-e). The degree 
of tenacity with which the ions of an element hold 
their charges. 
electro-analysis (e-lek"tro-an-al'is-is). Chemical 
analysis performed by the aid of the electric 
current. 
electro-anesthesia (e-lek"tro-an-es-the'ze-ah). 
Anesthesia induced by electricity. 
electrobiology (e-lek"tro-bi-ol'oj-e) [electro- + bi- 
ology], The study of electric phenomena in the 
living body, whether developed by vital or other 
processes. 
electrobiosco^y (e-lek"tro-bi-os'ko-pe) [electro- + 
Gr. 0los life + vKOTreiv to see]. The determination 
of the presence or absence of life by means of an 
electric current. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 
electrocardiogram (e-lek"tro-kar'de-o-gram). A 
cardiogram or record of electromotive variations 
in the action of the heart. The normal electrocar- 
diogram shows upward and downward deflections, 
the result of auricular and ventricular activity. 
The first upward deflection, P, is due to contraction 
of the auricles and is known as the auricular com- 
plex. The other deflections, Q, R. S, T, are all due 
to the action of the ventricles, and are known as 
the ventricular complexes. 
366 
electrodiaphane (e-lek-tro-di'af-an). Same as 
diaphanoscope. 
electrodiaphany (e-lek''tro-di-af'an-e) [electro- + 
Gr. Siavaivecv to show through]. Same as di- 
aphanoscopy. 
electrodynamometer (e-lek"tro-di-nam-om'et- 
er). An instrument used in measuring the in- 
tensity of faradic currents. 
electro-endosmosis (e-lek"tro-en-dos-mo'sis). 
Cataphoresis in which the solid remains stationary 
and the water of the solution passes toward the 
electrodes. 
electrogastrogram (e-lek"to-gas'tro-gram). A 
tracing of the electric changes caused by contrac- 
tions of the stomach muscles. 
electrogenesis (e-lek-tro-jen'es-is) [Gr. fiXeKrpov 
amber + yaw is production]. The production 
of electricity. 
electrograph (e-lek'tro-graf). i. Same as skia- 
graph. 2. A tracing of the electric changes caused 
by the contractions of the muscles of an organ, 
such as the heart or stomach. 
electrography (e-lek-trog'raf-e) [electricity + Gr. 
ypaipeiv to record], i. The employment of the 
Roentgen rays in skiagraphy. 2. The making of 
electrographs. 
electrohemostasis (e-lek"tro-he-mos'ta-sis) 
[electro- + hemostasis]. The arrest of hemorrhage 
by means of electricity. 
electrolepsy (e-lek'tro-lep-se). Electric chorea. 
electrolithotrity (e-lek"tro-lith-ot'rit-e). The 
disintegration of calculi by an electric current. 
electrology (e-lek-trol'o-je) [electro- + Gr. Xoyos 
science]. The science of the phenomena and 
properties of electricity. 
electrolysis (e-lek-trol'is-is) [electricity 4- Gr. Xveiv 
to loose]. Chemic decomposition produced by 
passing a current of electricity through the com- 
pound. 
electrolyte (e-lek'tro-lit) [electricity + Gr. Xvtos 
soluble]. Any substance which in solution con- 
ducts the electric current and is decomposed by it; 
decomposable by electricity. 
electrolytic (e-lek-tro-lit'ik). Pertaining to elec- 
trolysis. 
electrolyzable (e-lek'tro-li-zab-1). Susceptible of 
being decomposed by the electric current. 
electrolyzer (e-lek'tro-li-zer). An instrument for 
reducing urethral strictures by electrolysis. 
electromagnet (e-lek-tro-mag'net). A temporary 
magnet made by passing an electric current 
through a piece of soft iron. 
electromagnetism (e-lek-tro-mag'net-izm). Mag- 
netism produced by a galvanic current. 
electromartiol (e-lek"tro-mar'te-ol). Colloidal 
iron: used in the anemias. 
electromassage (e-lek"tro-mas-ahzh'). Mas- 
sage combined with the application of electricity. 
electromercurol (e-lek-tro-me/ku-rol). A col- 
loidal suspension of metallic mercury containing a 
small amount of sodium arabate: used like the 
soluble salts of mercury intravenously or intra- 
muscularly. 
electrometer (e-lek-trom'et-er) [electricity 4- Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
static or other electricity or differences in elec- 
tric potential, gold-leaf e., an instrument for 
detecting the presence of electricity _ by the di- 
vergence of two slips of gold leaf. Lippmann's 
capillary e., an instrument for measuring small 
differences of electric potential (up to 0.95 volt). 
electrometrogram (e-lek"tro-met'ro-gram) [elec- 
tric 4- Gr. pr)rpa uterus 4- ypappa mark]. An 
electric apparatus for recording uterine contrac- 
tions. 
ELECTROMETROGRAM 
Scheme of the normal electrocardiogram (Stevens). 
electrocardiograph (e-lek"tro-kar'de-o-graf). An 
instrument, consisting of a string galvanometer, for 
performing electrocardiography. 
electrocardiography (e-lek"tro-kar-de-og'raf-e). 
The making of graphic records of the electric cur- 
rents emanating from heart muscle, as a method 
for studying the action of the heart muscle. 
electrocardiophonogram (e-lek"tro-kar"de-o- 
fo'no-gram). A record of the heart-sounds made by 
an electrocardiophonograph. 
electrocardiophonograph (e-lek"tro-kar"de-o- 
fo'no-graf). An apparatus for recording electric- 
ally the heart-sounds. 
electrocatalysis (e-lek"tro-kat-al'is-is). The cat- 
alytic effect produced by electricity on the bodily 
processes. 
electrocautery (e-lek-tro-kaw'ter-e). Same as 
galvanocautery. 
electrochemistry (e-lek-tro-kem'is-tre). The 
study of chemic changes produced by electric 
action. 
electrocision (e-lek-tro-sizh'un). Excision of 
malignant growths after the application to them of 
oscillatory electricity. 
electrocoagulation (e-lek"tro-ko-ag-u-la'shun). 
The hardening and destruction of a tumor by pass- 
ing through it a high-frequency current. 
electrocontractility (e-lek"tro-kon-trak-til'it-e). 
Contractility in response to electric stimulation. 
electrocuprol (e-lek"tro-ku'prol). Colloidal cop- 
per: used in tuberculosis. 
electrocystoscope (e-lek-tro-sis'to-skop). A 
cystosCope which utilizes the electric light. 
electrode (e-lek'trbd) [Gr. f/Xacrpov amber 4* 6S6s 
way]. The way by which electricity passes in or 
out; the terminal pieces fastened to the cords of 
an electric battery, active e. Same as thera- 
peutic e. brush e., a wire brush connected 
with one of the poles of an electric battery: used 
for applying electricity to the body, calomel e., 
an electrode used as a standard in the determina- 
tion of hydrogen-ion concentration because it de- 
velops a constant potential. It consists of metallic 
mercury in contact with calomel and hydrochloric 
acid, depolarizing e., one which has a re- 
sistance greater than that of the portion of the body 
inclosed in the circuit, exciting e. Same as 
therapeutic e. hydrogen e., an electrode made 
by depositing platinum black on platinum and 
then allowing it to absorb hydrogen gas to satura- 
tion. It is used in the determination of hydrogen- 
ion concentration, indifferent e. Same as 
silent e. negative e., the cathode, positive e., 
the anode, silent e., the electrode which is not 
therapeutically active, therapeutic e., the 
electrode used in making the therapeutic applica- 
tion. 
electrodiagnosis (e-lek"tro-di-ag-no'sis). The 
use of electricity in the diagnosis of diseases. electromotive (e-lek-tro-mo'tiv). Causing elec- 
tric activity to be propagated along a conductor. 
electromuscular sensibility (e-lek-tro-mus'ku- 
lar). Sensibility of muscles to electric stimula- 
tion. 
electromyography (e-lek"tro-mi-og'raf-e) [electric 
+ myography]. The recording by tracings of the 
electric currents set up by muscular action. 
electron (e-lek'tron). The unit or atom of negative 
electricity. Its mass is that of a hydrogen 
atom. A stream of electrons constitutes, in a 
conductor, an electric current; when ejected from a 
radio-active substance, the beta rays. Cf. atom. 
emission e., one of the electrons which give 
radio-activity to the atom, free e., one of the 
electrons which give electric conductivity to a 
metal, valency e., one of the electrons concerned 
in the chemic reaction of the atom. 
electronegative (e-lek-tro-neg'at-iv). Negatively 
electric; bearing a negative electric charge; appear- 
ing at the positive pole in electrolysis. 
electroneurotone (e-lek-tro-nu'ro-ton). A pro- 
prietary electromassage apparatus. 
electronic (e-lek-tron'ik). Pertaining to or carrying 
electrons. 
electropath (e-lek'tro-path). One who is skilled 
in electrotherapy. 
electropathology (e-lek"tro-path-ol'o-je) [elec- 
tricity + Gr. it ados disease + Xbyos discourse]. 
The study of the pathologic effects of electricity 
on the body. 
electrophototherapy (e-lek"tro-fo-to-ther'ap-e). 
Treatment of disease with the electric light. 
electrophysiology (e-lek"tro-fiz-e-ol'o-je). The 
science of physiology in its relations to electricity; 
the study of the electric reactions of the body in 
health. 
electropism (e-lek'tro-pizm). Electrotropism. 
electroplatinol (e-lek-tro-plat'in-ol). A propri- 
etary electric colloid platinum solution. 
electropositive (e-lek-tro-poz'it-iv) [electro- + 
positive], 1. Bearing a positive electric charge; 
appearing at the negative electrode. 2. Having the 
property of becoming positively electrified under 
suitable conditions. 
electroprognosis (e-lek"tro-prog-no'sis). The 
employment of electricity for the purpose of 
prognosis. 
electropuncturation, electropuncture (e-lek"- 
tro-pungk-tu-ra'shun, e-lek'tro-pungk-tur). Elec- 
trization by means of needles thrust into the 
tissues. 
electroradiometer (e-lek"tro-ra-de-om'et-er). An 
electroscope for measuring radiant energy. 
electrorhoidiol (e-lek-tro-ro'de-ol). A form of col- 
loidal rhodium. 
electroscission (e-lek-tro-sizh'un). Cutting of 
tissue by the electric cautery. 
electroscope (e-lek'tro-skop) [electricity + Gr. oko- 
ireiv to see]. A device for determining the presence 
and nature of static electricity. 
electrosilenium (e-lek-tro-sil-e'ne-um). A form of 
colloidal silenium. 
electrosol (e-Iek'tro-sol). A colloidal solution of 
a metal obtained by passing electric sparks through 
distilled water between poles formed of the metal. 
electrostatic (e-lek-tro-stat'ik). Pertaining to 
static electricity. 
electrostatics (e-lek-tro-stat'iks) [electricity 4- Gr. 
ararcKos standing]. The sum of knowledge re- 
garding static electricity. 
electrosurgery (e-lek-tro-sur'jer-e). The surgical 
employment of electricity. 
electrosynthesis (e-lek-tro-sin'thes-is). Chemic 
union effected by means of electricity. 
electrotaxis (e-lek-tro-tak'sis) [electricity + Gr. 
ra^ts arrangement]. The movement of organisms 
or cells under the influence of electric currents. 
ELECTROMOTIVE 
367 
electrothanasia (e-lek"tro-than-a'ze-ah) [electric- 
ity + Gr. Oavaros death]. Death by electricity. 
electrotherapeutics, electrotherapy (e-lek"- 
tro-ther-ap-u'tiks, e-lek-tro-ther'ap-e). Treatment 
of disease by means of electricity. 
electrotherm (e-lek'tro-therm) [electricity + Gr. 
deppy heat]. An electric appliance for heating 
the skin and thus relieving pain. 
electro tonic (e-lek-tro-ton'ik). Pertaining to 
electrotonus. 
electrotonus (e-lek-trot'o-nus) [electric + Gr. tovos 
tone]. The irritability of a motor nerve as modi- 
fied by the passage through it of an electric 
current. 
electro trephine (e-lek-tro-tre'fin). A form of 
trephine operated by electricity. 
electrotropism (e-lek-trot'ro-pizm) [electric + 
rpoirq, from Tpeireiv to turn]. The attractive or re- 
pulsive influence of electric stimuli upon organisms. 
electrovital current (e-lek-tro-vi'tal). See under 
current. 
electrozone (e-lek'tro-zbn) [electricity + ozone]. 
A nascent oxygen or ozone produced by the elec- 
trolysis of salt water, and used as a disinfectant. 
electuary (e-lek'tu-a-re) [L. electua'rium, from e 
out + leg'ere to select]. A medicinal preparation 
consisting of a powdered drug made into a paste 
with honey, syrup, or a conserve, e. of senna, 
a mixture of senna, syrup, and tamarind pulp. 
eleidin (el-e'id-in). A substance of peculiar nature, 
allied to keratin and protoplasm, found in the 
cells of the stratum granulosum of the skin. 
element (el'e-ment) [L. elemen'turn], i. Any one 
of the primary parts or constituents of a thing. 
2. In chemistry, a simple substance made up of 
one kind of atoms. [For table of elements, see 
pages 368, 369.] anatomic e. Same as mor- 
phologic e. appendicular e's, a set of car- 
tilaginous rods attached to the chondral skull 
of the embryo; from them are developed the 
ear bones, the hyoid, and the styloid process, 
electronegative e., any chemic element which 
seeks the positive pole in electrolysis, electro- 
positive e., a chemic element which seeks the 
negative pole or cathode in electrolysis, gal- 
vanic e., the essential parts of an electric battery; 
the substances which form the generating and col- 
lecting plates of a battery, labile e., tissue cells 
which continue to multiply during the life of the 
individual, morphologic e., any cell, fiber, or 
other of the ultimate structures which go to make 
up tissues and organs, sarcous e., any one of 
the elementary granules into which the primitive 
fibril of an elementary muscle-fiber is divisible, 
tissue e. Same as morphologic e. 
elementary (el-em-en'ta-re). Not resolvable or 
divisible into simpler parts or components. 
elemi (el'em-e) [Turkish eleme hand-picked]. A 
resinous substance, of extremely various origin, 
the best coming from Cana'rium commu'ne, of the 
Philippine Islands. It furnishes a volatile oil, 
and is used externally, generally in an ointment, 
for ulcers and sores. 
eleometer (el-e-om'et-er) [Gr. tXaiov oil + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for determining the per- 
centage of oil in a mixture, also the specific gravity 
of oils. 
eleomyenchysis (e"le-o-mi-en'kis-is) [Gr. eXacov 
oil + uvs muscle + evxvais infusion]. The injec- 
tion of oils into muscles for therapeutic purposes, 
especially for treatment of chronic local spasm. 
eleopathy (e-le-op'ath-e). See elaiopathy. 
eleoplast (e-le'o-plast) [Gr. iXaiov oil + TrXaoros 
formed]. A globular body made up of granular 
protoplasm and containing drops of oil. 
eleopten, elaeoptene (e-le-op'ten, el-e-op'ten) 
[Gr. eXaLov oil + ttttjvos volatile]. The more vol- 
atile constituent of a volatile oil, as distinguished 
from its stearopten. 
ELEOPTEN ELEMENT 
368 
ELEMENT 
A TABLE OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. 
Name and Symbol. 
Atomic 
Num- 
ber. 
Atomic 
Weight. 
Specific 
Grav- 
ity. 
Remarks. 
Aluminum, Al 
Antimony, Sb 
Argon, A 
gas 
liquid 
Arsenic, As 
Barium, Ba 
Beryllium, Be 
Bismuth, Bi 
Boron, B 
Cadmium, Cd 
Calcium, Ca 
Carbon, C 
diamond 
graphite 
Cerium, Ce 
Cesium, Cs 
Chlorin, Cl 
gas.. 
liquid 
Chromium, Cr ... 
Cobalt, Co 
Columbium, Cb 
Copper, Cu 
Dysprosium, Dy 
Erbium, Er 
Europium, Eu 
Fluorine, F 
gas.. 
liquid 
Gadolinum, Gd 
Gallium, Ga 
Germanium, Ge 
Glucinum, G1 
Gold, Au 
Helium, He 
gas 
liquid .. 
Holmium, Ho 
Hydrogen, H 
gas.. 
liquid 
Indium, In 
lodin, I 
Iridium, Ir 
Iron, Fe 
Krypton, Kr 
liquid 
Lanthanum, La 
Lead, Pb 
Lithium, Li 
Lutecium, Lu 
Magnesium, Mg 
Manganese, Mn 
Mercury, Hg 
Molybdenum, Mo 
Neodymium, Nd 
Neon, Ne 
Nickel, Ni 
Niobium, Nb 
Niton, Nt 
Nitrogen, N 
liquid '.... 
Osmium, Os 
Oxygen, 0 
liquid. 
Palladium, Pd 
13 
51 
18 
33 
56 
4 
83 
5 
48 
20 
6 
58 
55 
17 
24 
27 
41 
29 
66 
68 
63 
9 
64 
31 
32 
4 
79 
2 
67 
I 
49 
53 
77 
26 
36 
57 
82 
3 
7i 
12 
25 
80 
42 
60 
10 
28 
41 
86 
7 
76 
8 
46 
27.1 
120.2 
39-88 
7496 
137-37 
9.1 
208.0 
10.9 
112.40 
40.07 
12.0 
140.25 
132.81 
35-46 
52.0 
58.97 
93-5 
63-57 
162.5 
167.7 
152.0 
19.0 
157.3 
69.9 
72.5 
9.1 
197.2 
4-0 
163.5 
1.008 
114.8 
126.92 
193-r 
55.84 
82.92 
139-0 
207.2 
6-94 
I74-O 
24-32 
54-93 
200.6 
96.0 
144-3 
20.2 
58.68 
93-5 
222.0 
14.008 
190.9 
16.0 
106.7 
2.7 
6.6 
1.38 
i-4 
5-73 
3.78 
1.85 
9-7 
2-45 
8.6 
i-54 
3-52 
2.25 
7.02 
1.87 
2-49 
r-5 
6.92 
8.71 
8.4 
8.9 
4-77 
1-3i 
1.14 
r-3 
5-93 
5-46 
1.85 
19-3 
0.138 
0.15 
0.0695 
0.07 
7.28 
4-94 
22.42 
7-58- 
7.88 
2.868 
2.16 
6.15 
H-34 
0-534 
i-74 
7-4 
13-59 
9.01 
6.96 
0.67 
8.9 
8.4 
0.967 
0.85 
22.48 
1.1 
1.14 
12.16 
A white metal from clay and various rocks. 
A white metal from stibnite. 
An inert gas from the atmosphere. 
A steel gray crystalline substance from various 
ores. 
A pale yellow metal from barite. 
A white metal from beryl. 
A grayish-white metal found native and in ores. 
An amorphous black powder from borax. 
A white metal from zinc ores. 
A white metal from lime. 
Found native as diamond, graphite, and coal; as 
CO2 in the air; and in organic compounds 
One of the rare earths. 
A white metal from various minerals. 
A yellowish-green gas obtained from ordinary 
salt. 
A steel-gray metal from chromite. 
A white metal from various ores. 
One of the rare earths. 
A reddish-brown metal found native and in ores. 
One of the rare earths. 
One of the rare earths. 
One of the rare earths. 
A canary-yellow gas from fluorite. 
One of the rare earths. 
A rare metal from zinc blend. 
A rare metal from argyrodite. 
See Beryllium. 
A yellow metal found free. 
An inert gas from crude petroleum. 
One of the rare earths. 
The lightest known gas; found in water and in or- 
ganic substances. 
A rare metal from zinc ores. 
A bluish-black crystalline substance from sea- 
weeds and from brines. 
A grayish-white metal found along with platinum. 
A gray metal found in various ores. 
An inert gas found in the atmosphere. 
One of the rare earths. 
A bluish-gray metal from galena. 
A white metal from various ores. 
One of the rare earths. 
A white metal from various minerals. 
A gray metal from various ores. 
A white liquid metal from cinnabar. 
A white metal from molybdenite. 
One of the rare earths. 
An inert gas found in the atmosphere. 
A white metal from various ores. 
See Columbium. 
An inert gas, called also Radium emanation. 
A gas constituting four-fifths of the atmosphere. 
A grayish-white metal found along with platinum. 
A gas constituting one-fifth of the atmosphere. 
A grayish-white metal found along with platinum. ELEOSACCHARUM 
369 
ELIXIR 
A TABLE OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS-Continued. 
Name and Symbol. 
Atomic 
Num- 
ber. 
Atomic 
Weight. 
Specific 
Grav- 
ity. 
Remarks. 
Phosphorus, P 
i5 
31-04 
A substance occurring in two or more allotropic 
metallic 
2.34 
forms; from bones and from several minerals. 
red 
2.20 
white 
1.83 
A grayish-white metal found free in several places. 
Platinum, Pt 
78 
195-2 
21.37 
Potassium, K 
19 
39-i 
0.87 
A soft white metal found in many minerals. 
liquid 
0.83 
One of the rare earths. 
Praseodymium, Pr 
59 
140.6 
6.475 
Radium, Ra 
88 
226.0 
A radio-active metal from pitchblend. 
Rhodium, Rh 
45 
102.9 
12.44 
A grayish-white metal found along with platinum. 
Rubidium, Rb 
37 
85-45 
i-53 
A white metal from various minerals. 
Ruthenium, Ru 
44 
101.7 
12.06 
A grayish-white metal found along with platinum. 
Samarium, Sa 
62 
150.4 
7.8 
One of the rare earths. 
Scandium, Sc 
21 
44-i 
2.48 
A rare metal from various minerals. 
Selenium, Se 
34 
79-2 
4.8 
A reddish-brown powder found along with sulphur. 
Silicon, Si 
14 
28.3 
2.42 
A dark brown amorphous powder or dark gray 
amorphous 
2.35 
crystals from quartz. 
Silver, Ag 
47 
107.88 
10.5 
A white metal found free and in many ores. 
Sodium, Na 
II 
23-0 
0.95 
A soft white metal obtained from ordinary table 
liquid 
0.9287 
salt. 
Strontium, Sr 
38 
87.83 
2.58 
A dark yellow metal from several minerals. 
Sulphur, S 
liquid 
16 
32.06 
2.1 
1.8 
A yellow substance found free and in various 
minerals. 
Tantalum, Ta 
73 
181.5 
16.62 
A rare metal found in various minerals. 
Tellurium, Te 
52 
127.5 
6.25 
A silver-gray solid found along with gold and 
silver ores. 
Terbium, Tb 
65 
159.2 
One of the rare earths. 
Thallium, T1 
81 
204.0 
11.86 
A rare metal found along with zinc ores. 
Thorium, Th 
90 
232.15 
12.16 
A rare element found in several minerals. 
Thulium, Tm 
69 
168.5 
One of the rare earths. 
Tin, Sn 
50 
118.7 
7.18 
A bluish-white metal from various ores. 
Titanium, Ti 
22 
48.1 
3-5 
A dark gray metallic powder widely distributed. 
Tungsten, W 
74 
184.0 
18.7 
A hard, gray metal from wolframite. 
Uranium, U 
92 
238.2 
18.68 
A hard, white metal from pitchblend. 
Vanadium, V 
23 
51.06 
5-69 
A white metal from vanadinite. 
Wolframium, W 
74 
184.0 
18.7 
See Tungsten. 
Xenon, Xe 
54 
130.2 
4-525 
One of the inert gases from the air. 
liquid 
3-52 
One of the rare earths. 
Ytterbium, Yb 
70 
173.5 
Yttrium, Yt 
39 
88.7 
3.8 
One of the rare earths. 
Zinc, Zn 
30 
65.37 
7.16 
A white metal from various ores. 
Zirconium, Zr 
40 
90.6 
6.44 
A black metallic powder or crystals from zircon. 
eleosaccharum (e"le-o-sak'ar-um), pl. eleo- 
sacch'ara [Gr. 'eXaiov oil + <raK%apoz' sugar], A 
mixture of sugar with a volatile oil; an oil-sugar. 
elephantiasic (el"ef-an-te-as'ik). Pertaining to 
elephantiasis. 
elephantiasis (el"ef-an-ti'as-is) [Gr. for "ele- 
phant disease"]. A chronic disease character- 
ized by inflammation and obstruction of the 
lymphatics and hypertrophy of the skin and sub- 
cutaneous tissues. The legs and external geni- 
tals are principally affected, the disease begin- 
ning with attacks of dermatitis with enlargement 
of the part, followed by the formation of ulcers 
and tubercles, with thickening, discoloration, and 
fissuring of the skin. The disease is most com- 
mon in tropical regions near the coast (Galen), e. 
ar'abum, true elephantiasis, e. asturien'sis, 
pellagra, e. grseco'rum, true leprosy, e. 
neuroma'tosa, elephantiasis in which the nerves 
are involved in a way resembling that seen in mul- 
tiple neurofibroma, nevoid e., a variety marked 
by great dilatation of the lymph-vessels, e. oc'uli, 
thickening and protrusion of the eyelids, e. scro'ti, 
that in which the scrotum is the principal seat 
of the disease, e. telangiecto'des, a variety 
marked by circumscribed hypertrophy of skin and 
subcutaneous tissue, causing the skin to hang in 
folds, as in dermatolysis. 
elephantoid (el-e-fan'toid). Relating to or re- 
sembling elephantiasis. 
elevation, dicrotic (el-e-va'shun). The secondary 
rise of a dicrotic pulse-wave in the sphygmogram. 
elevator (el'e-va-tor) [L. eleva're to lift]. An in- 
strument for lifting a depressed part or for removing 
roots of teeth, periosteum e., a flat steel bar 
for separating the attachments of the periosteum to 
bone. 
eliminant (e-lim'in-ant). i. Causing an evacua- 
tion. 2. An evacuating remedy. 
elimination (e-lim-in-a'shun) [L. elimina'tio, from 
e out + li'men threshold]. The act of expulsion 
or of extrusion, especially of expulsion from the 
body. 
elinguatior ''-lin-gwa'shun) [L. e out + lin'gua 
tongue1 emoval of the tongue. 
el'"' L., from Arabic]. A compound 
'y if sweetened and aromatized. 
tr, a mixture of i part of sul- 
irts of alcohol, e. ad' juvans, 
a ->aration of aromatic elixir and 
dr hiza. e. ad Ion'gam vi'- 
ta. re of aloes, aromatic e., 
a p 'pound spirit of orange, 
syrup 'ium phosphate, deodor- 
ized i bitter e. contains 
wormw of peppermint, bitter 
tincture, ncture. Brown-Se- 
quard's dar fluid for the treat- 
ment of nt seases. Daffy's e., ELKOPLASTY 
370 
EMBOLISM 
compound tincture of senna, e. fer'ri, quini'nse 
et strychni'nae phospha'tum, elixir of iron, 
quinin, and strychnin phosphates. McMunn's e., 
an aqueous solution of opium of the same strength 
as laudanum, e. mirab'ilis, a celebrated Italian 
secret poison of the seventeenth century. Para- 
celsus' e., tincture of aloes and myrrh, pare- 
goric e., camphorated tincture of opium, e. pro- 
prieta'tis, e. pro., an alcoholic tincture of 
aloes, myrrh, and saffron with vinegar, e. rob'- 
orans whit'tii, compound tincture of cinchona, 
e. sabi'tis, the wine of rhubarb. Stoughton's 
e., a tincture made of 25 parts each of rhubarb, 
gentian, wormwood, germander, and bitter orange- 
peel, 5 parts each of aloes and cascarilla, and alcohol 
a sufficient quantity. 
elkoplasty (el'ko-plas-te). Same as helcoplasty. 
elkosis (el'ko-sis). Same as helcosis. 
elkossan (el'kos-an). A proprietary astringent 
preparation from the seeds of Brucea sumatrana. 
Elliot's operation (el'e-ots) [Lieut.-Col. R. H. 
Elliot, of the Indian Medical Service, Madras]. 
See under operation. 
Elliot's position (el'e-ots) [John W. Elliot, surgeon 
in Boston, born 1852]. See position. 
Elliot's sign f el'e-ots) [George T. Elliot, dermatolo- 
gist in New York, born 1851]. See sign. 
elm (elm) [L. ul'mus}. Any tree of the genus 
Ul'mus. U. ful'va, the slippery elm, affords a 
valuable mucilaginous, demulcent bark, from 
which a mucilage is prepared that is used as a 
demulcent in inflammations of the skin and mu- 
cous membranes. 
Elsner's medium (els'nerz) [Ottomar Elsner, Ger- 
man histologist, born 1869]. See medium. 
elurophobia (e-lu-ro-fo'be-ah). Same as celuro- 
phobia. 
elutriation (e-lu-tre-a'shun) [L. elutria're to wash 
out]. The operation of pulverizing substances 
and mixing them with water, so as to separate 
the lighter parts from the heavier, by the sub- 
siding of the heavier parts. 
elytritis (el-it-ri'tis) [Gr. tXvrpov vagina -|-ins 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the vagina. 
elytrocele (el'it-ro-sel) [Gr. eXurpo^ vagina + K-qXq 
hernia]. Hernia into the vagina; colpocele. 
elytroclasia (el"it-ro-kla'ze-ah) [Gr. tXvrpov vagina 
+ KXaais rupture]. Rupture of the vagina. 
elytrocleisis, elytroclisia (el"it-ro-kli'sis, el"it- 
ro-kliz'e-ah) [Gr. tXvrpov vagina + xXeiais clos- 
ure]. The obliteration of the vagina. 
elytrone (el'it-ron). A proprietary vaginal sup- 
pository for use in leukorrhea. 
elytronitis (el-e-tro-ni'tis) [Gr. eXvrpov sheath, cap- 
sule]. 1. Capsulitis. 2. Vaginitis. 
elytroplasty (el'it-ro-plas-te) [Gr. tXvrpov vagina 
+ irXavcreiv to form]. Plastic surgery of the va- 
gina; surgical repair of defects or redundancies 
in the vagina. 
elytroptosis (el"it-rop-to'sis) [Gr. tXvrpov vagina 
+ -ktomis fall]. Prolapse of the vagina. 
elytrorrhaphy (el-it-ror'af-e) [Gr. eXvrpov vagina 
+ paipri suture]. The suturation of the vag- 
inal wall, especially of a fissure of the vaginal 
wall. 
elytrostenosis (el"it-ro-ste-no'sis) [Gr. tXvrpov 
vagina + aTevwvis narrowing]. Same as colpo- 
stenosis. 
elytrotomy (el-it-rot'o-me) [Gr. tXvrpov vagina 
+ to pi] cut]. Incision of the vaginal wall; col- 
potomy. 
Elzholz's bodies, mixture (elz'holz) [A. Elzholz, 
alienist in Vienna, born 1863]. See body and mix- 
ture. 
Em. Abbreviation for emmetropia. 
emaciation (e-ma-se-a'shun) [L. emacia're to be- 
come lean]. Leanness; a wasted condition of 
the body. 
emaculation (e-mak-u-la'shun) [L. e out + mac'ula 
spot]. The removal of freckles and spots from 
the face. 
emailloblast (e-mal'o-blast) [Fr. email enamel + 
Gr. ^Xaaros bud]. Same as ameloblast. 
emailloid (em-a'loid) [Fr. email enamel]. A tumor 
developing from the enamel of a tooth. 
eman. A unit of radium emanation. 
emanation (em-an-a'shun) [L. e out + mana're to 
flow], i. That which is given off; an effluvium. 
2. A gaseous disintegration product given off from 
radio-active substances, radium-e., a condens- 
able gas given off by radium and regarded as an 
element, having an atomic weight of 222.4. It 
forms the radio-active element of radium and is 
used like the latter. Called also niton. 
emanatorium (em-an-a-to're-um). An institute 
for treating disease by radio-active emanations. 
emanosol (em-an'os-ol). A proprietary tablet said 
to contain radium emanations in a permanent 
form: used in hydropathic treatment of arthritis, 
neuralgia, sciatica, etc. 
emansio mensium (e-man'se-o men'se-um) [L. 
"tardiness of the menses'']. The condition in 
which menstruation has never taken place. 
emarin (em'ar-in). A preparation of 6.6 per cent, 
of sodium mercurisalicyl-sulphonate made up with 
0.5 per cent, acoin as an anesthetic: used by in- 
tramuscular injection in syphilis. 
emasculation (e-mas-ku-la'shun) [L. emascula're 
to castrate]. Removal of the testicles, or of the 
testicles and penis. 
Emb. Abbreviation for embryology. 
Embadomonas (em-bad-om'o-nas). A genus of 
biflagellate protozoa. E. intestina'lis, a slipper- 
shaped parasite found in Egypt and in America in 
diarrheal stools. E. sinen'sis, a larger species 
found in China. 
embalming (em-bahm'ing). The prevention of 
the natural decay of a dead body. 
embalmment (em-bahm'ment). See Merciere's 
method, under method. 
embarin (em'bar-in). A proprietary solution of 
sodium mercuric salicylsulphonate with acoin 
added. 
embarras gastrique (em-bar-rah' gas-treek') [Fr. 
for "bilious attack"]. An acute gastric attack. 
embedding (em-bed'ing). The fixation of a tissue 
specimen in a firm medium, in order to keep it 
intact during the cutting of thin sections. 
embelate (em'bel-at). Any salt of embelic acid. 
Embelia ribes (em-be'le-ah ri'bez). A myrta- 
ceous East Indian climbing plant: anthelmintic 
and cathartic. 
embolalia (em-bo-la'le-ah). Same as embololalia. 
embole (em'bo-le) [Gr. ep/doXn a throwing in]. 1. 
The reducing of a dislocated limb. 2. The process 
of invagination which transforms the archenteron 
into the primitive embryo. 
embolectomy (em-bo-lek'to-me) [embolus + Gr. 
tKropi] excision]. Operative removal of an em- 
bolus. 
embolemia (em-bo-le'me-ah) [embolus + Gr. alpa. 
blood]. The presence of emboli in the blood. 
embolia (em-bo'le-ah). Same as embole. 
embolic (em-bol'ik). Pertaining to an embolus 
or to embolism. 
emboliform (em-bol'if-orm). 1. Shaped like a 
wedge. 2. Resembling an embolus. 
embolism (em'bol-izm) [L. embolis'mus, from Gr. 
ev in + ^aXXeiv to throw]. The plugging of an 
artery or vein by a clot or obstruction which has 
been brought to its place by the blood-current (Vir- 
chow) . air-e., embolism by bubbles of air. bacil- 
lary e., obstruction of a vessel by an aggregation 
of bacilli, bland e., embolism in which the plug 
is composed of non-septic material, capillary EMBOLOLALIA 
371 
EMBRYULCUS 
e., blocking of the capillaries with bacteria, 
crossed e., embolism in which the embolus 
passes through an open foramen ovale or an 
unclosed ductus arteriosus, direct e., embolism 
occurring in the direction of the blood-stream, 
fat-e., embolism of fat that has entered the circu- 
lation. hematogenous e., embolism in a blood- 
vessel. infective e., embolism in which the 
embolus is infective, lymph-e., lymphogen- 
ous e., embolism of a lymph-vessel, miliary 
e., that which affects at the same time many 
small blood-vessels, multiple e., embolism 
by a number of small emboli, oil-e. Same as 
fat-e. paradoxic e., embolism of an artery 
caused by a venous thrombus, pyemic e. Same 
as infective e. retinal e., embolism of the 
central artery of the retina, retrograde e., one 
which moves in a direction opposite to that of the 
blood-current, spinal e., embolism of an artery 
in the spinal cord, trichinous e., embolism 
due to trichinae, venous e., embolism of a 
vein. 
embololalia (em"bol-o-la'le-ah) [Gr. epBoXov in- 
tercalation 4- XaXia. babble]. The interpolation 
of meaningless words into the speech. 
embolomycotic (em"bol-o-mi-kot'ik). Pertaining 
to or marked by an infectious embolus. 
embolophrasia (em"bol-o-fra'ze-ah) [Gr. epBoXov 
intercalation 4- tppaais utterance]. Same as em- 
bololalia. 
embolus (em'bo-lus) [Gr. epBoXos plug]. 1. A clot 
or other plug brought by the blood-current from 
a distant vessel and forced into a smaller one so 
as to obstruct the circulation. 2. The nucleus 
emboliformis. air-e., an air-bubble in a vein, 
cancer e., one of the small fragments broken off 
from a cancer and carried by the blood-stream 
to lodgment in a distant location, cellular 
e., an embolus consisting of tissue-cells of vari- 
ous kinds, occurring in various acute infectious 
diseases, fat-e., an embolus made up of oil or 
fat. obturating e., an embolus completely 
blocking a vessel, riding e., straddling e., an 
embolus at the bifurcation of an artery, blocking 
both branches. 
emboly (em'bo-le) [see embole]. The invagina- 
tion of the blastula by which the gastrula is 
formed. 
embouchment (aw-boosh-maw') [Fr.]. The open- 
ing of one vessel into another. 
embrasure (em-bra'zhur). An opening with sloping 
sides; the sloping space on either side of the prox- 
imal surfaces of the teeth, buccal e., the em- 
brasure opening out toward the cheek in molar and 
bicuspid teeth, labial e., the embrasure opening 
toward the lips in cuspid and incisor teeth, lin- 
gual e., one of the embrasures on the lingual sides 
of the teeth. 
embrocation (em-bro-ka'shun) [L. embroca'tio]. 
1. The application of a liquid medicament to the 
surface of the body. 2. A liquid medicine for 
external use. 
embryectomy (em-bre-ek'to-me) [Gr. epBpvov em- 
bryo 4- eKTopi] excision]. Excision of the embryo 
in extra-uterine pregnancy. 
embryo (em'bre-o) [Gr. epBpvov, from ev within 4- 
Bpbecv to grow]. The fetus in its earlier stages 
of development, especially before the end of the 
third month. Spee's e., an embryo described 
by Spee as being between one and two weeks old. 
embryocardia (em"bre-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. epBpvov 
embryo 4- Kapbia heart]. A symptom in which 
the sounds of the heart resemble those of fetal life, 
jugular e., auricular flutter. 
embryoctony (em-bre-ok'to-ne) [Gr. epBpvov fetus 
4- Krelvav to kill]. The artificial destruction of 
the living embryo, or of the unborn fetus. 
embryogenesis (em"bre-o-jen'es-is). The devel- 
opment of adult structures from embryonic ones. 
embryogenic, embryogenetic (em"bre-o-jen'ik, 
em"bre-o-jen-et'ik). i. Pertaining to the de- 
velopment of the embryo. 2. Producing an 
embryo. 
embryogeny (em-bre-oj'en-e) [Gr. epfipvov em- 
bryo 4- yevvav to produce]. The production or 
origin of the embryo. 
embryograph (em'bre-o-graf) [Gr. ipBpvov em- 
bryo 4- y po^ecu to write], A combination of a 
microscope and a camera lucida: used in draw- 
ing figures of the embryo. 
embryography (em-bre-og'ra-fe) [Gr. epBpvov em- 
bryo 4- vpaipeii' to write], A treatise or descrip- 
tion of the embryo. 
embryoid (em'bre-oid) [Gr. epBpvov embryo 4- eibos 
form]. Resembling the embryo. 
embryoism, embryonism (em'bre-o-izm, em'bre- 
o-nizm). The condition of being an embryo. 
embryologist (em-bre-ol'o-jist). An expert in 
embryology. 
embryology (em-bre-ol'o-je) [Gr. epBpvov embryo 
4- X070S treatise]. The science which treats of 
the development of the embryo, experimental 
e., the study of the development of eggs and em- 
bryos under artificial conditions. 
embryoma (em-bre-o'mah). A tumor containing 
embryonic elements or those derived from a 
rudimentary contained twin parasite. 
embryomorphous(em"bre-o-mor'fus) [Gr. epBpvov 
embryo 4- pop^p-p form]. Noting certain abnormal 
tissue elements supposed to be relics of a con- 
ception. 
embryonal, embryonary (em'bre-o-nal, em'bre- 
o-na-re). Pertaining to the embryo. 
embryonate (em'bre-o-nat). 1. Pertaining to or 
resembling an embryo. 2. Containing an em- 
bryo. 3. Impregnated; fecundated. 
embryonic (em-bre-on'ik). Pertaining to or in 
the condition of being an embryo. 
embryoniform (em-bre-on'if-orm). Resembling 
an embryo. 
embryonization (em"bre-o-niz-a'shun). Change 
to embryonic form on the part of a tissue or cell. 
embryonoid (em'bre-o-noid). Resembling an em- 
bryo. 
embryopathology (em"bre-o-path-ol'o-je). The 
study of abnormal embryos or of defective develop- 
ment. 
embryophore (em'bre-o-fbr). A second egg shell 
formed by the embryo after loss of the first, as 
seen in the eggs of Tania as they are found in the 
feces. 
embryoplastic (em"bre-o-plas'tik) [Gr. ep^pvov 
embryo 4- irXaaaeiv to shape]. Pertaining to or 
concerned in the formation of an embryo. 
embryoscope (em'bre-o-skbp) [Gr. epBpvov em- 
bryo 4- aKOTTeiu to see]. An instrument for ob- 
serving the development of the embryo, as of birds. 
embryotocia (em"bre-o-to'se-ah) [Gr. ep^pvov em- 
bryo 4- tokos birth]. The delivery of the em- 
bryo; abortion. 
embryotome (em'bre-o-tbm). A cutting instru- 
ment used in embryotomy. 
embryotomy (em-bre-ot'o-me) [Gr. tpBpvov em- 
bryo 4- ropn a cutting], 1. The cutting up of a 
fetus to facilitate delivery. 2. The dissection of 
embryos and fetuses. 
embryotoxon (em"bre-o-toks'on) [Gr. epppvov em- 
bryo 4* to^ov bow], A congenital opacity of the 
margin of the cornea: called also arcus juven- 
alis. 
embryotrophy (em-bre-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. ip0pvov em- 
bryo 4- rpo<p-q nourishment]. The nutrition of the 
embryo. 
embryulcia (em-bre-ul'se-ah) [Gr. ep^pvov embryo 
4- cXKeiv to draw]. The instrumental removal of 
the fetus from the uterus. 
embryulcus (em-breul'kus) [Gr. cpBpvovXkos]. A 
blunt hook for use in embryulcia. emedullate (e-me-dul'at) [L. e out + medul'la 
marrow]. To remove the marrow from. 
emergency (e-mer'jen-se) [L. emer'gere to raise 
up]. An unlooked for or sudden occasion; an 
accident; an urgent or pressing need. 
emergent (e-mer'jent). Occurring unexpectedly and 
demanding immediate action. 
emesia, emesis (em-e'ze-ah, em'e-sis) [Gr. 
to vomit]. Vomiting; an act of vomiting. 
emetatrophia (em"et-at-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. e/xeais vom- 
iting + arpoipla atrophy]. Atrophy or wasting 
due to persistent vomiting. 
emetic (e-met'ik) [Gr. eperiKos; L. emet'icus]. I. 
Bringing on or causing the act of vomiting. 2. 
A medicine that causes vomiting, direct e., 
mechanic e., one that acts directly on the nerves 
of the stomach. The chief direct emetics are 
yellow sulphate of mercury, zinc sulphate, alum, 
copper sulphate, and mustard, indirect e., 
systemic e., one that acts on the vomiting cen- 
ter through the blood. The chief are ipecac, 
tartar emetic, lobelia, apomorphin, tobacco, ver- 
atrum viride, squill, and sanguinaria. 
emeticology (e-met-ik-ol'o-je) [Gr. eperLKos emetic 
+ Xoyos account]. The sum of knowledge re- 
garding emetics. 
emetin (em'et-in). A white, powdery alkaloid, 
C29H40O4N2.nH2O,- from ipecac. It is bitter and in- 
odorous, soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and 
sparingly in water, and is a powerful and dan- 
gerops emetic, with properties like those of ipe- 
cac, but more violent and dangerous in over- 
doses. It is used in amebic dysentery and hepati- 
tis, in cholera, the hemorrhages of typhoid and 
diabetes, and in pyorrhea alveolaris. Expectorant 
dose, gr. (0.00066-0.0066 gm.); emetic dose, 
gr- (0.0066-0.016 gm.), alcresta e., a pro- 
prietary preparation of emetin which remains in- 
active in the stomach and is not set free until it 
reaches the alkaline intestinal juices, e. bismuth, 
iodid, C29H4o04N2.2HI.Bil3.H20, an orange-red 
powder: used in the treatment of amebic dysentery 
in 3-gr. doses (0.2 gm.), e. hydrochlorid, a salt 
of emetin sometimes employed in medicine. 
emetism (em'et-izm). Ipecac-poisoning. 
emetocathartic (em"et-o-kath-ar'tik). 1. Both 
emetic and cathartic. 2. A drug that purges and 
causes vomiting. 
emetology (em-et-ol'o-je). Same as emeticology. 
emetomorphin (em"et-o-mor'fin). Same as apo- 
morphin. 
E. M. F. Abbreviation of electromotive force. 
emictory (e-mik'to-re) [L. e out + min'gere to 
urinate]. 1. Diuretic. 2. A diuretic medicine. 
emigration (em-ig-ra'shun) [L. e out 4- migra're 
to wander]. The escape of leukocytes through 
the walls of the blood-vessels; diapedesis. 
eminence (em'in-ens) [L. eminen'tia, from e out 4- 
mine're to hang on]. A prominence or projec- 
tion, especially one upon the surface of a bone, 
antithenar e., the border of the palm on the side 
opposite the thumb: called also hypothenar e. 
arcuate e., an eminence on the upper surface of 
the petrosa, marking the location of the superior 
semicircular canal. auditory e. See eminen- 
tia acustica. bicipitale. See bicipital tuberosity, 
under tuberosity, canine e., a prominence on the 
outer side of the upper jaw bone, collateral e., 
a projection in the lateral ventricle of the brain, be- 
tween the posterior and middle horns, deltoid e., 
the portion of the humerus to which the deltoid 
muscle is attached. Doyere's e., the papilla 
where a nerve filament enters a muscle-fiber, 
facial e., an eminence in the angle formed by 
the striae and sulcus ventriculi, frontal e., either 
one of the two eminences on the frontal bones 
above the superciliary ridges, iliopectineal e., 
an eminence in the horizontal ramus of the os 
pubis, in front of the acetabulum, intercondy- 
loid e., the tubercle between the two condyles of 
EMEDULLATE 
372 
the tibia. mammillary e. Same as corpora 
albicantia. medial e., the eminentia teres. na- 
sal e., the prominence above the root of the nose, 
occipital e., a ridge in the paracoele of the em- 
bryo, corresponding to the occipital fissure in the 
adult, olivary e., an elevation in front of the 
pituitary fossa on the body of the sphenoid bone, 
parietal e., the prominent rounded part of the 
parietal bone, postchiasmatic e., a protuber- 
ance on the floor of the third ventricle posterior to 
the optic chiasm, postfundibular e., a pro- 
tuberance on the floor of the interbrain posterior to 
the tuber cinereum. terete e. See eminentia 
teres, thenar e., the eminence on the palm at 
the base of the thumb, thyroid e., Adam's 
apple, triangular e. Same as eminentia fossa 
triangularis. 
eminentia (em-in-en'she-ah) [L.]. Same as emi- 
nence. e. abducen'tis. Same as e. te'res. 
e. acu'stica, a prominence on the floor of 
the fourth ventricle of the brain at the lateral 
triangles marking the position of the acoustic 
nucleus, e. annula'ris, the pons varolii. e. 
arcua'ta [B N A], an arched prominence on the 
upper or anterior surface of the petrous bone, above 
the superior semicircular canal, e. articula'ris, a 
cylindric elevation on the temporal bone, in front 
of the glenoid fossa, e. capita'ta, the head of 
a bone: especially the capitellum of the hu- 
merus. e. car'pi radia'lis [B N A], an eminence 
on the radial side of the front of the wrist formed 
by the tuberosity of the scaphoid and a ridge on the 
trapezium, e. car'pi ulna'ris [B N A], an em- 
inence on the ulnar side of the front of the wrist 
caused by the fusiform bone. e. cine'rea. Same 
as lamina cinerea. e. collatera'lis [B N A], the 
pes accessorius; a white ridge on the inferior cornu 
of the lateral ventricle of the brain, e. con'chse 
[B N A], a projection on the convex medial surface 
of the external ear. e. crucia'ta [B N A], a pro- 
tuberance formed by the conjunction of the two 
intersecting ridges of the upper surface of the 
occipital bone. e. facia'lis, a prominence in the 
angle formed by the striae and the sulcus ventriculi, 
e. fallo'pii, a ridge on the inner wall of the tym- 
panum, showing the position of the facial nerve, 
e. fos'sse triangula'ris [B N A], the protuber- 
ance on the posterior surface of the auricle which 
corresponds to the triangular fossa, e. gra'cilis. 
See clava. e. hypoglos'si, an elevation in the 
caudal triangle of the floor of the fourth ventricle 
marking the. position of the hypoglossal nucleus, 
e. iliopectine'a [B N A], the iliopectineal em- 
inence. e. intercondyloi'dea [B N A], the 
spinous process of the tibia, e. jugula'ris, the 
jugular spine, the end of the jugular process of the 
occipital bone. e. latera'lis [B N A], a tubercle 
on the cricoid cartilage articulating with the in- 
ferior horn of the thyroid cartilage, e. latera'lis 
mecke'lii. Same as pes accessorius, e. media'- 
lis [B N A]. Same as e. teres, e. papillaris, 
the pyramid of the tympanum, e. pyramida'lis 
[B N A], the pyramid of the middle ear. e. resti- 
f or'mis, an enlargement on the dorsolateral aspect 
of the medulla oblongata marking the position of 
the inferior cerebellar peduncle, e. sca'phae 
[B N A], a prominence on the back of the pinna 
of the ear, corresponding to the scaphoid fossa in 
front, e. styloid'ea, a prominence on the pos- 
terior wall of the tympanum, e. sym'physis, 
the prominent lower border of the middle of the 
chin. e. te'res, an elevation on the floor of the 
fourth ventricle, on either side of the median 
longitudinal sulcus: it is produced by the under- 
lying fasciculus teres. Called also funiculus teres. 
e. triangula'ris. Same as e. fossa triangularis. 
e. trigemini, an elevation on the lateral surface 
of the medulla- oblongata marking the position of 
the descending root of the fifth nerve. 
emissarium (em-is-a're-um). The B N A term for 
an emissary vein. They are e. condyloi'deum, e. 
mastoi'deum, e. occipita'le, e. parieta'le. 
EMISSARIUM 373 
3 EMPIRICS 
Emp. Abbreviation for L. emplas'trum, a plaster. 
Emp. vesic. Abbreviation for L. emplas'trum ves- 
icato'rium, a blister. 
empacho (em-patsh'o). A Mexican term for 
chronic indigestion in children with diarrhea. 
empasma (em-paz'mah) [Gr. iv in + iraaaeiv to 
sprinkle]. A powder for external use. 
empathic (em-path'ik). Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by empathy. 
empathize (em'path-iz). To experience or feel em- 
pathy; to enter into another person's feelings. 
empathy (em'path-e) [Gr. ev into + irdOos feeling]. 
The entering into the feelings of another person or 
object. 
emphlysis (em'flis-is) [Gr. kv in + <p\vvis erup- 
tion], Any exanthematous disease in which the 
lesions become scabby. 
emphractic (em-frak'tik). i. Tending to obstruct 
the pores. 2. An agent which closes the pores 
of the skin. 
emphraxis (em-fraks'is) [Gr. e/z^pajis]. A stop- 
page, obstruction, or infarction. 
emphysatherapy (em-fiz-ah-ther'ap-e) [Gr. ep<pv- 
aav to inflate + Oepairela treatment]. The injec- 
tion of gas into an organ for therapeutic purposes. 
emphysema (em-fis-e'mah) [Gr. 'eptpixrqpa]. 1. A 
swelling or inflation due to the presence of air in 
the interstices of the connective tissues. 2. The 
presence of air in the alveolar tissue of the lungs. 
It may be interstitial {interlobular) as a result of the 
escape of air from the lungs into the interstitial 
tissue between the alveoli; or vesicular {alveolar) 
when due to distention of the alveoli with air. 
alveolar e. See emphysema (2d def.), atro- 
phic e., a senile emphysema with wasting of the 
lung substance, compensating e., compen- 
satory e., dilatation of one part of the lung to 
compensate for the consolidation of another part, 
cutaneous e., the presence of gas or air in the 
connective tissues underlying the skin, ectatic 
e., emphysema due to stretching of the pulmo- 
nary alveoli, false e., gas in the tissues due to 
septic poison or gangrene, gangrenous e., a 
malignant emphysema of microbic origin, hy- 
pertrophic e., vesicular emphysema in which 
from overstretching the contractile energy of the 
lungs is destroyed, so that they become permanently 
enlarged, giving to the thorax a characteristic 
barrel shape, interlobular e. See emphysema 
(2d def.), interstitial e., the presence of air or 
a gas. in the interstices of the connective tissue, 
mediastinal e., the presence of air in the medias- 
tinal tissue, pulmonary e., vesicular e., un- 
natural distention and rupture of the air-vesicles 
of the lungs: it is usually due to excessive effort in 
expiration. Called also alveolar ectasia, senile 
e., emphysema due to senile dilatation of the 
alveoli, small-lunged e., atrophic emphysema, 
subcutaneous e., distention of spaces in the 
subcutaneous tissues of the body with air or with 
any other gas. substantial e. Same as pul- 
monary e. surgical e., aerodermectasia; sub- 
cutaneous emphysema following traumatism, 
vesicular e. See emphysema (2d def.). 
emphysematous (em-fis-em'at-us). Of the nature 
of or affected with emphysema. 
empiric (em-pir'ik) [Gr. epireipiKbs experimental], 
1. Based on experience. 2. A practitioner whose 
skill is based on experience. 
empirical (em-pir'ik-al). Same as empiric (1st def.)j. 
empiricism (em-pir'is-izm) [Gr. ipireipla experi- 
ence].. 1. Reliance on mere experience; empiric 
practice. 2. Quackery. 
Empirics (em-pir'iks). The second of the post- 
Hippocratic schools of medicine, which arose in 
the. second century, b. c., under the leadership of 
Philenos of Cos and Serapion of Alexandria (280 
B. c.). As opposed to the Dogmatists, they declared 
that the search for the ultimate causes of phe- 
emissary (em'is-a-re) [L. emissa'rium drain], 1. 
An outlet or efferent duct. 2. Affording an out- 
let. e. veins. See under vein. 
emission (e-mish'un) [L. emis'sio a sending out]. 
A discharge: specifically, an involuntary dis- 
charge of semen, nocturnal e., reflex emis- 
sion of the semen during sleep, thermionic e., 
the emission of electrons and ions by incandescent 
bodies. 
emmenagogic (em-en-ag-oj'ik). Pertaining to or 
aiding the process of menstruation. 
emmenagogue (em-en'ag-og) [Gr. eppyva men- 
ses + ayeiv to lead]. 1. Any agent which stimu- 
lates or favors the menstrual discharge. 2. Aid- 
ing the function of menstruation, direct e., one 
that acts directly upon the reproductive organs, 
such as apiol, ergot, rue, savin, or tansy, in- 
direct e., one which acts by relieving some 
causative condition. 
emmenia (em-e'ne-ah) [Gr.]. The menses. 
emmenic (em-en'ik). Pertaining to the menses. 
emmeniopathy (em-e-ne-op'ath-e) [Gr epprjva 
menses + irados disease]. Any disorder of men- 
struation. 
emmenology (em-en-ol'o-je) [Gr. epp-qva menses 
+ Xbyos discourse]. The sum of knowledge re- 
garding menstruation and its disorders. 
Emmerich's bacillus (em'er-iks) [Rudolf Emmer- 
ich, bacteriologist in Munich, 1852-1914]. The 
Bacillus neapolitanus. 
emmetrope (em'et-rop). A person who is em- 
metropic. 
emmetropia (em-et-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. epperpos in 
proper measure + b\pis vision]. The normal con- 
dition of the eye as respects refraction; that 
condition of the eye in which, with relaxed ac- 
commodation, the refraction is accurately ad- 
justed for parallel rays, so that there is perfect 
vision (Donders). 
emmetropic (em-et-rop'ik). Normal as respects 
accommodation and refraction. 
Emmet's needle, operation (em'ets) [Thomas 
Addis Emmet, gynecologist in New York, 1828- 
1919]. See needle and operation. 
emodin (em'o-din) [from Rhe'um em'odi, a Hima- 
layan rhubarb], 1. A purgative resin, (C14H4)- 
(CH3)(OH)3O2, from rhubarb and the buckthorn. 
2. Any one of a series of principles isomeric with 
the emodin of rhubarb, aloe-e., a variety of 
emodin found in Socotrine, Barbados, and Zanzi- 
bar aloes, but not in Natal aloes. 
emol (e'mol). An emollient, soapy mineral from 
Perthshire in Scotland: used in various chronic 
skin diseases and for removing thickened epi- 
dermis. 
emollient (e-mol'e-ent) [L. emol'liens softening, 
from e out + mol'lis soft], 1. Softening or sooth- 
ing. 2. An agent which softens or soothes the 
skin, or soothes an irritated internal surface. The 
principal emollients are gelatin, gum arabic, 
starch, linseed, slippery elm, Irish moss, Iceland 
moss, and marshmallow. 
emotiometabolic (e-mo"she-o-met-ab-ol'ik). In- 
ducing some metabolism as a result of emotion. 
emotiomotor (e-mo"she-o-mo'tor). The pro- 
duction of some activity as a result of emotion. 
emotiomuscular (e-mo"she-o-mus'ku-lar). Per- 
taining to muscular activity which results from 
emotion. 
emotion (e-mo'shun) [L. emove're to disturb]. 
Mental excitement; agitation of the passions or 
sensibilities. 
emotional (e-mo'shun-al). Pertaining to the emo- 
tions. 
emotiovascular (e-mo"she-o-vas'ku-lar). Pro- 
ducing a vascular change as a result of emotion. 
emotivity (e-mo-tiv'it-e). The capacity for emo- 
tion; the capacity for reacting to a stimulus. 
EMISSARY EMPIRIN 
374 
ENANTHOTOXIN 
nomena was vain, but they were active in endeavor- 
ing to discover the immediate causes. They paid 
particular attention to the totality of symptoms. 
In their search for a line of treatment to benefit a 
particular set of symptoms they employed the 
"tripod of the Empirics": 1, one's own chance 
observations; 2, learning obtained from con- 
temporaries and predecessors; 3, in cases of new 
diseases, forming conclusions from other diseases 
which resemble them-analogy. They paid great 
attention to clinical observation, and were guided 
in their therapeutics almost entirely by experience, 
empirin (em-pi'rin). A proprietary pure acetyl- 
salicylic acid. 
emplastic (em-plas'tik) [Gr. e/zTrXaariKos daubed]. 
1. Adhesive or glutinous. 2. A constipating 
medicine. 
emplastrum (em-plas'trum) [L.; Gr. epTr\aoTpov\. 
A plaster; an adhesive, flat, solid, medicated 
preparation for external use. See plaster, e. 
adhse'sivum, adhesive plaster, e. belladon'- 
nae, belladonna plaster, e. cap'sici, capsicum 
plaster, e. hydrargy'ri, mercurial plaster, e. 
o'pii, opium plaster, e. plum'bi, lead plaster, 
e. sapo'nis, soap plaster. 
emprosthotonos (em-pros-thot'o-nos) [Gr. epTrpoa- 
Oev forward + rdveiv to stretch]. A form of 
spasm in tetanus which brings the head and feet 
forward and renders the body tense. 
emptysis (emp'tis-is) [Gr. epirrvais]. Expectora- 
tion, especially of blood; hemoptysis. 
Empusa (em-pu'sah). A genus of parasitic fungi. 
E. mus'cae, a species developing in the bodies of 
flies, thus destroying them. 
empyema (em-pi-e'mah) [Gr. & within + irvov 
pus]. Accumulation of pus in a cavity of the 
body, especially the chest, e. benig'num, a 
variety in which fever is absent and there is a 
fair condition of general health, but which is 
usually incurable, e. of the chest, suppuration 
in the pleural cavity, due to pleurisy or trauma- 
tism; pyothorax. The disease is attended by 
dyspnea, fever, loss of strength, and emacia 
tion. interlobar e., empyema situated be- 
tween two lobes of the lung, latent e., empyema 
unaccompanied by any symptoms, loculated 
e., pus in a group of loculi, mastoid e., suppu- 
rative inflammation of the mucous lining of the 
cavities of the mastoid process, e. necessita'- 
tis, empyema in which the pus can make a spon- 
taneous escape, e. of pericardium, purulent 
pericarditis, pneumococcal e., that which is 
due to the pneumococcus, pulsating e., pyotho- 
rax in which the heart movements cause a visible 
vibration of the chest-walls, putrid e., a form in 
which the pus has become more or less decomposed, 
streptococcal e., a form due to the streptococcus 
of erysipelas, tuberculous e., a rare form due 
to the bacillus of tuberculosis. 
empyematic, empyemic (em"pi-e-mat'ik, em- 
pi-em'ik). Pertaining to or of the nature of 
empyema. 
empyesis (em-pi-e'sis) [Gr. ipirveiv to suppurate]. 
1. Any disease characterized by phlegmonous vesi- 
cles becoming filled with purulent fluid. 2. Pus 
behind the iris (Marchart); hypopyon (Himly). 
empyocele (em'pi-o-sel) [Gr. tv in + irbov pus 4- 
K17X77 tumor], A collection of pus at the navel. 
empyreuma (em-pi-ru'mah) [Gr. epirvpebeiv to 
kindle]. The peculiar odor of animal or vege- 
table matter when charred in a closed vessel. 
empyroform (em-pi'ro-form). A brownish pow- 
der, a product of birch tar and formaldehyd: used 
in eczema and other skin diseases in a 5 per cent, 
ointment, or in a 1 per cent, solution with chloro- 
form and acetone. 
emulgent (e-mul'jent) [L. emulge're to milk or 
drain out]. 1. Effecting a straining or purifying 
process. 2. A renal artery or vein. 3. A medi- 
cine which stimulates the flow of bile or urine. 
emulsifier (e-mul'sif-i-er). A substance used to 
produce an emulsion of a fixed oil. 
emulsify (e-mul'se-fi). To convert into an emul- 
sion; to be changed into an emulsion. 
emulsin (e-mul'sin). Synaptase: a hydrolyzing 
enzyme which splits amygdalin and other glu- 
cosids. 
emulsion (e-mul'shun) [L. emul'sio, emul'sum]. 
An oily or resinous substance divided and held 
in suspension through the agency of an adhesive, 
mucilaginous, or other substance. The official 
emulsions are those of almond, asafetida, chloro- 
form, cod-liver oil, cod-liver oil with hypophos- 
phites, and oil Oj turpentine, bacillary e. See 
new tuberculin, Koch, under tuberculin. Biitsch- 
li's e., a preparation of potassium carbonate and 
rancid olive oil: used in microscopic work, kero- 
sene e. (as an insecticide): dissolve | pound of 
hard soap in i gallon of water; while boiling hot 
pour it into 2 gallons of kerosene. Churn this with 
a spray pump till it changes to a creamy and then 
into a soft butter-like mass. For use, add 1 part 
to 9 parts of water. 
emulsive (e-mul'siv). 1. Capable of emulsifying 
a substance. 2. Susceptible of being emulsified. 
3. Affording an oil on pressure. 
emulsoid (e-mul'soid). A colloid solution consisting 
of a suspension of minute liquid particles in another 
liquid with which it is immiscible. See emulsion 
colloid, under colloid. 
emulsol (e-mul'sol). A proprietary agent used 
in emulsifying cod-liver oil. 
emulsum (e-mul'sum), pl. emul'sa [L. for "emul- 
sion"]. An emulsion. 
emunctory (e-munk'to-re) [L. emun'gere to cleanse]. 
1. Excretory or depurant. 2. Any excretory organ 
or duct. 
emundation (e-mun-da'shun) [L. emunda'tio a 
cleansing]. The rectification and garbling of 
drugs. 
emydin (em'id-in). A protein found in the eggs 
of the tortoise. 
enamel (en-am'el). The white, compact, and 
very hard substance that covers and protects the 
dentin of the crown of the teeth, e.-cap, the 
enamel-organ during that stage of its develop- 
ment in which it covers the top of the dental 
papilla like a cap. e.-cell. See ameloblast, e.- 
column, the enamel-rod or prism; any one of 
the set of long, prismatic bodies which make up 
the substance of the enamel, curled e., enamel 
in which the columns are bent. e.-cuticle. See 
cuticula dentis. e.-fiber. See e.-column. e.- 
germ, the epithelial rudiment of the enamel-organ, 
e.-jelly, the soft material whence the dental 
enamel is developed, e.-membrane, the cutic- 
ula dentis. e.-organ, an embryonic organ con- 
nected with the dental groove whence the 
enamel-cap is first developed, and afterward the 
enamel itself, e.-prism. Same as e.-column. 
e.-pulp. Same as e.-jelly. e.-rod. See e.- 
column. e.-sac, the enamel-organ during the 
stage in which its outer layer forms a sac in- 
closing the whole dental germ. 
enameloma (e-nam-el-o'mah) [enamel + Gr. -o/za 
tumor]. An embryonal tumor of enamel tissue. 
enanthem (en-an'them). Same as enanthema. 
enanthema (en-an'them-ah), pl. enanthem'ata [Gr. 
ev in + avO-qpo. a blossoming]. An eruption upon 
a mucous surface. 
enanthematous (en-an-them'at-us). Pertaining 
to. or of the nature of an enanthema. 
enanthesis (en-an-the'sis) [Gr. & in + avOeiv to 
bloom]. Any skin eruption due to an internal 
disease. 
enanthin, oenanthin (e-nan'thin). A poisonous 
and emetic resin from (Enan'the fistulo'sa. 
enanthotoxin, oenanthotoxin (e-nan-tho-toks'- 
in). A poisonous resin, CnH22O5, from CEnan'- 
the cro'cata. ENANTHROPE 
375 
ENCEPHALOMYELOPATHY 
enanthrope (en-an'thrbp) [Gr. ev in + avdpwiros 
man]. Any source of disease that does not origin- 
ate outside the body. 
enantiobiosis (en-an"te-o-bi-o'sis) [Gr. evavrlos 
opposite + filos life]. The condition in which 
organisms living together antagonize one another's 
development. Cf. symbiosis. 
enantiopathia, enantiopathy (en-an"te-o-pathz- 
e-ah, en-an-te-op'ath-e) [Gr. evavrlos opposite + 
jraOos suffering], 1. Any disease or morbid proc- 
ess antagonistic to or curative of another. 2. 
The curing of one disease by inducing another 
of an opposite kind. 
enantiothamnosis (en-an"te-o-tham-no'sis). In- 
fection by the fungus Enantiothamnus. 
Enantiothamnus (en-an"te-o-tham'nus). A 
genus of fungi. E. braul'ti causes a condition 
marked by the development of nodules which have 
a central opening from which pus exudes. 
enarkyochrome (en-ar'ke-o-krom) [Gr. ev in + 
apnvs network + xp&pa color]. An arkyochrome 
nerve-cell containing a single network of chroma- 
tin substance. 
enarthritis (en-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. ev in + apOpov 
joint]. Inflammation of an enarthrodial joint. 
enarthrodial (en-ar-thro'de-al). Of or pertaining 
to an enarthrosis. 
enarthrosis (en-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. ev in 4- apOpov 
joint]. A ball-and-socket joint; a joint in which 
the globular head of one bone is received into a 
socket in another, such as in the hip-joint. 
en bissac (aw bis-sahk') [Fr.]. A method of re- 
ducing strangulated hernia by forcing a congeni- 
tal hernia into a pouch or diverticulum. 
encanthis (en-kan'this) [Gr. ev in + Kavdos the 
angle of the eye]. A small red excrescence on the 
semilunar fold of the conjunctiva and inner lac- 
rimal caruncle. 
encapsulation (en-kap-su-la'shun). 1. Any act 
of inclosing in a capsule. 2. A physiologic proc- 
ess of inclosure in a sheath made up of a sub- 
stance not normal to the part. 
encapsuled (en-kap'suld). Inclosed, as in a cap- 
sule. 
encarditis (en-kar-di'tis). Same as endocarditis. 
encatarrhaphy (en-kat-ar'af-e). See enkatar - 
rhaphy. 
enceinte (aw-sont') [Fr.]. Pregnant; with child. 
encelialgia, enccelialgia (en-se-le-al'je-ah) [Gr. 
ev in -f- KocXta belly + aXyos pain]. Pain in an 
abdominal viscus. 
encelitis, enceliitis (en-se-li'tis, en-se-le-i'tis)[ Gr. 
ev in 4* KoiXla belly 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of any intra-abdominal organ. 
encephalalgia (en-sef-al-al'je-ah) [Gr. eyKe<paXos 
brain 4- aXyos pain]. Pain within the head. 
encephalasthenia (en-sef"al-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. 
eyKepaXos brain 4- aadriveta weakness]. Lack of 
brain power. 
encephalatrophy (en-sef-al-at'ro-fe) [Gr. eyKepa- 
Xos brain 4- atrophy}. Atrophy of the brain. 
encephalauxe (en"sef-al-awks'e) [Gr. ey«e<paXos 
brain 4- av^r) increase]. Hypertrophy of the 
brain. 
encephalemia, encephalsemia (en-sef-al-e'me- 
ah) [Gr. eyKetpaXos brain 4- atpa blood]. Conges- 
tion of the brain. 
encephalic (en-sef-al'ik). Pertaining to the en- 
cephalon, or to the cavity within the skull. 
encephalin (en-sef'al-in). A nitrogenous princi- 
ple said to be obtainable from brain tissue. 
encephalitic (en"sef-al-it'ik). Pertaining to or 
affected with encephalitis. 
encephalitis (en"sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. eyKe<paXos brain 
4- -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of the brain, 
cortical e., e. cortica'lis, chronic encephalitis 
affecting the cortex of the brain only, e. epidem'- 
ica, epidemic e., encephalitis lethargica. hem- 
orrhagic e., inflammation of the brain with hem- 
orrhagic exudate. Called also Strilmpell-Leichtenstern 
type of encephalitis, e. hyperplas'tica, acute non- 
suppurating encephalitis. Called also Hayem's type 
of encephalitis, infantile e., inflammation of the 
brain in children from infectious disease, injury, etc., 
and causing the cerebral palsies of children, in- 
fluenzal e., encephalitis lethargica. e. lethar'- 
gica, lethargic e., an acute infectious and 
mildly contagious disease of obscure pathology 
and showing unusual cerebral symptoms, the dis- 
tinctive features being an increasing languor, apa- 
thy, and drowsiness, passing into lethargy. There 
is progressive muscular weakness and various era- 
rial nerve palsies. Called also epidemic encephalitis, 
sleeping sickness, and nona. e. neonato'rum, 
encephalitis of the newborn, purulent e., pyo- 
genic e., encephalitis characterized by the 
presence of miliary abscesses and small _ blood 
extravasations in the brain, e. subcortica'lis 
chron'ica, sclerotic changes in the vessels of the 
subcortical white matter of the brain. 
encephalization (en-sef-al-iz-a'shun). The de- 
velopmental process which resulted in the forma- 
tion of the head. 
encephalocele (en-sef'al-o-sel) [Gr. ty/ceipaXos 
brain + k^X-q hernia]. Hernia of the brain, mani- 
fested by protrusion through a congenital or trau- 
matic opening of the skull. 
encephalocoele (en-sef"al-o-se'le) [Gr. eyKetpaXos 
brain 4- koIXos hollow], i. The entire cavity of 
the cranium. 2. The ventricles and other spaces 
of the brain. 
encephalocystocele (en-sef"al-o-sis'to-sel) [Gr. 
eyKeipaXos brain + Kvaris bladder + kt)Xt] hernia]. 
Hernia of the brain, the protrusion being dis- 
tended by a collection of fluid communicating 
with the ventricle. Called also hydrencephalocele. 
encephalodialysis (en-sef"al-o-di-al'is-is) [Gr. 
'eyn&paXos brain + SiaXuais loosening]. Softening 
of the brain. 
encephalography (en-sef-al-og'raf-e) [Gr. evxe^a- 
Xos brain + ypatpeev to unite]. Roentgenographic 
photography of the brain. 
encephaloid (en-sef'al-oid) [Gr. eyxe<paXos brain + 
ethos form], 1. Resembling the brain or brain 
substance. 2. Encephaloma. 
encephalolith (en-sef'al-o-lith) [Gr. eyxe^aXos 
brain + XtOos stone]. A brain calculus. 
encephalology (en-sef-al-ol'o-je) [Gr. eyKepaXos 
brain + Xbyos discourse]. The sum of knowledge 
regarding the brain, its functions, and its diseases. 
encephaloma (en-sef-al-o'mah). 1. Hernia of the 
brain. 2. Encephaloid cancer; a malignant growth 
of brain-like texture. See carcinoma. 
encephalomalacia (en-sef"al-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. 
eyneipaXos brain + paXaKta softening]. Morbid 
softness, or softening, of the brain. 
encephalomeningitis (en-sef"al-o-men-in-ji'tis) 
[encephalitis + meningitis}. Inflammation of the 
brain and its membranes. 
encephalomeningocele (en-sef"al-o-men-in'go- 
sel) [Gr. kyKtspaXos brain 4- pfjvcy^ membrane + 
kt)Xt) hernia]. Protrusion of the cerebral mem- 
branes and brain substance through the skull. 
encephalomere (en-sef'al-o-mer) [Gr. iyKe<paXos 
brain 4- pepos part]. Any one of the succession 
of segments which make up the primary or em- 
bryonic brain. , 
encephalometer (en-sef-al-om'et-er) [Gr. €y/<ey>a- 
Xos brain + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the skull, and used in locating certain 
of the regions of the brain. 
encephalomyelitis (en-sef"al-o-mi-el-i'tis). A 
combination of encephalitis and myelitis. 
encephalomyelopathy (en-sef"al-o-mi-el-opz- 
gth-e) [Gr, eyKetpaXos brain 4- pveXos marrow 4" ENCEPHALON 
376 
END-BRUSH 
iraOos disease]. Any disease or diseased condition 
of the brain and spinal cord. 
encephalon (en-sef'al-on) [Gr. tyidtpaXos brain]. 
That portion of the central nervous system which 
is contained within the cranium, epichordal e., 
that portion of the brain situated posterior to the 
notochord. 
encephalonarcosis (en-sef"al-o-nar-ko'sis) [Gr. 
eyKepaXos brain 4- vapK-r] stupor]. Stupor due to 
brain disease. 
encephalopathic (en-sef"al-o-path'ik). Pertain- 
ing to a brain disease. 
encephalopathy (en-sef-al-op'ath-e) [Gr. eyKe- 
tpaXos brain + iraOos illness]. Any disease of the 
brain, lead-e., any brain disorder caused by 
lead-poisoning. 
encephalophyma (en-sef"al-o-fi'mah) [Gr. eyKe- 
tpaXos brain + <pvpa growth]. Any tumor of the 
brain. 
encephalopsy (en-sef'al-op-se) [Gr. eyKttpaXos 
brain + mpcs vision]. A condition in which the 
patient associates certain colors with certain words, 
numbers, flavors, etc. See photism and psycho- 
chrome. 
encephalopsychosis (en-sef"al-o-si-ko'sis) [Gr. 
eyKepaXos brain 4- psychosis]. Any mental dis- 
ease due to focal brain lesion (Southard), 
encephalopyosis (en-sef"al-o-pi-o'sis) [Gr. eyK& 
<paXos brain + Truwais suppuration]. Suppuration 
or abscess of the brain. 
encephalorachidian (en-sef"al-o-ra-kid'e-an) [Gr. 
tyK&paXos brain + paxes spine]. Same as cerebro- 
spinal. 
encephalorrhagia (en-sef"al-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. ey- 
KepaXos brain + pijyvvvai to burst out]. Hem- 
orrhage within the brain or from the brain. 
encephalosclerosis (en-sef"al-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. 
eyKetpaXos brain -j- <TKXr)pwaLS hardness]. 
Hardening of the brain. 
encephaloscope (en-sef'al-o-skbp). A speculum 
for examining cavities (such as abscess cavities) 
in the brain. 
encephaloscopy (en-sef-al-os'ko-pe) [Gr. eyKe- 
<paXos brain -|- aKoireiv to view]. Inspection or 
examination of the brain. 
encephalosepsis (en-sef"al-o-sep'sis) [Gr. eyKe- 
<paXos brain + decay]. Gangrene of brain 
tissue. 
encephalosis (en-sef-al-o'sis) [Gr. eyKe<paXos 
brain]. Any organic brain disease. 
encephalospinal (en-sef"al-o-spi'nal). Pertaining 
to the brain and spinal column. 
encephalothlipsis (en-sef"al-o-thlip'sis) [Gr. tynt- 
<paXos brain 4- pressure]. Brain compres- 
sion. 
encephalotome (en-sef'al-o-tbm). An instrument 
for performing encephalotomy. 
encephalotomy (en-sef-al-ot'o-me) [Gr. eynepaXos 
brain 4- ropr] a cutting], 1. The operation of 
destroying the brain of a fetus in order to facili- 
tate delivery. 2. The dissection or anatomy of 
the brain. 
encheiresis (en-ki-re'sis) [Gr. tv in + hand]. 
Any manipulation, especially the introduction of a 
bougie, sound, or catheter. 
enchondroma (en-kon-dro''mah) [Gr. tv in 4- x^v- 
bpos cartilage] A tumor made up of cartilaginous 
tissue, e. petrif'icum, a cartilaginous tumor 
with osseous infiltration; osteo-enchondroma. 
enchondromatous (en-kon-dro'mat-us). Of the 
nature of or pertaining to enchondroma. 
enchondrosarcoma (en-kon"dro-sar-ko'mah). A 
sarcoma containing cartilaginous tissue. 
enchondrosis (en-kon-dro'sis) [see enchondroma]. 
An outgrowth from cartilage; also an enchon- 
droma. 
enchylema (en-ki-le'mah) [Gr. tv in 4- xvXos juice]. 
The nuclear juice; a hyaline or granular mate- 
rial which makes up the interfibrillar part of a 
cell-nucleus. 
enchyma (en'ki-mah) [Gr. tv in 4- x^v to pour]. 
The substance elaborated from absorbed nutri- 
tive materials; the formative juice of the tissues. 
enclave (en'klav; Fr. aw-klahv') [Fr.]. A sub- 
stance detached from its normal connection and 
inclosed within another organ or tissue. 
enclavement (en-klav'ment). i. Impaction, as 
of a fetus in the pelvic strait. 2. Retention due 
to constriction. 
enclitic (en-klit'ik) [Gr. iynXivav to incline]. 
Having the planes of the fetal head inclined to 
those of the maternal pelvis; not synclitic. 
encoelialgia, encoelitis. See encelialgia and 
encelitis. 
encolpism (en-kol'pizm) [Gr. kv in 4- koXitos va- 
gina], Medication by vaginal suppositories and 
injections. 
encolpitis (en-kol-pi'tis) [Gr. ev in + koXtos va- 
gina]. See endocolpitis. 
encranial (en-kra'ne-al). Situated within the 
cranium. 
encyesis (en-si-e'sis) [Gr. Ho in + /cwjais pregnancy]. 
Normal uterine pregnancy. 
encyopyelitis (en-si"o-pi-e-li'tis) [encyesis + pye- 
litis]. Inflammation of the renal pelvis occurring 
in normal pregnancy. 
encysted (en-sis'ted) [Gr. tv in 4- kvotls cyst]. 
Inclosed in a sac, bladder, or cyst. 
encystment (en-sist'ment). The process or con- 
dition of being or becoming encysted. 
endadelphos (end-ad-el'fos) [Gr. evbov within + 
abeXipbs brother]. A monster in which a para- 
sitic twin is inclosed within the body of the auto- 
site, or within a tumor upon the larger twin. 
Endameba, Endamoeba (end-am-e'bah). Same 
as Entameba. 
endamebiasis (end-am-e-bi'as-is). Infestation 
with Endamebae. 
endangeitis, endangitis (end-an-je-i'tis, end-an- 
ji'tis). Inflammation of the endangium; inti- 
mitis. 
endangium (end-an'je-um) [Gr. evbov within + 
ayyeiov vessel]. The intima, or innermost coat of 
a blood-vessel. 
endaortic (end-a-oFtik). Pertaining to the inte- 
rior of the aorta. 
endaortitis (end"a-or-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
lining membrane of the aorta. 
endarterial (end-ar-te're-al). Within an artery. 
endarteritis (end"ar-ter-i'tis) [Gr. evbov within 4- 
a.prr)pla artery]. Inflammation of the intima of 
an artery, e. defor'mans, chronic endarteritis 
characterized by fatty degeneration of the arte- 
rial tissues, with the formation of deposits of 
lime-salts, e. oblit'erans, endarteritis followed 
by collapse and closure of the smaller branches, 
e. prolif'erans, overgrowth of fibrous tissue in 
the internal layers of the aorta. 
endarterium (end-ar-te're-um) [Gr. evbov within 
+ apTTjpLa artery]. The intima or innermost coat 
of an artery. 
end-artery (end'ar-ter-e). An artery which does 
not anastomose with other arteries, either of itself 
or by its branches. 
endaxoneuron (end"aks-o-nu'ron) [Gr. evbov with- 
in + axoneuron]. A neuron the process of which 
remains within the spinal cord. 
end-body (end'bod-e). See under body. 
end-brain (end'bran). The telencephalon; that 
part of the anterior cerebral vesicle whence are 
developed the pars optica, hypothalami, striatum, 
rhinencephalon, and pallium. 
end-brush (end'brush). The brush-like or tufted 
arrangement sometimes forming the termination 
of the process of a nerve-cell. END-BUD 
377 
end-bud, end-bulb (end'bud, end'bulb). An 
ovoid or spheroid body found in certain parts 
of the mucous membrane, at the ends of a branch 
of a sensitive nerve. 
endchondral (end-kon'dral). Same as endochon- 
dral. 
endeictic (en-dik'tik) [Gr. tvbti&s a pointing out]. 
Symptomatic. 
endemia (en-de'me-ah). Any endemic disease. 
endemial (en-de'me-al). Endemic. 
enclgmic (en-dem'ik) [Gr. tv in 4- hypos people, 
mUlncL]. 1. Pertaining to or prevalent in a par- 
ticular district or region. 2. An endemic disease; 
a disease which is local, or which is neither epidemic 
nor sporadic. QK?* 
endemTffi^TSemic (en"de-mo-ep-id-em'ik). En- 
demic, but occasionally becoming epidemic. 
endepidermis (end"ep-id-er'mis). The epithe- 
lium or internal epidermis. 
endermic, endermatic (en-der'mik, en-der-mat'- 
ik) [Gr. tv in + bippo. skin]. Acting by absorption 
through the skin. 
endermically (en-der'mik-al-e). By direct appli- 
cation to the skin. 
endermism (en'der-mizm). The endermic admin- 
istration of medicines. 
endermol (en-der'mol). 1. A proprietary ointment- 
base, a compound of stearamid with hydrocar- 
bons of the paraffin series. 2. Nicotin salicylate, 
OH.C6H4.COOH.C10H14N2: a crystalline substance 
free from water and containing 75 per cent, of 
nicotin. 
endermosis (en-der-mo'sis) [Gr. tv in 4- btppa. 
skin], 1. The endermic administration of medi- 
cines. 2. Any herpetic affection of the mucous 
membranes. 
enderon (en'der-on) [Gr. tv in + b'tpos skin]. The 
deeper part of the skin or mucous membrane, as 
distinguished from the epithelium or epidermis. 
enderonic (en-der-on'ik). Pertaining to the en- 
deron or derived from it. 
end-flake (end'flak). Same as end-plate. 
end-lobe (end'lob). The occipital lobe. 
endo- (en'do-) [Gr. tvbov within]. A prefix denoting 
an inward situation. 
endo-abdominal (en"do-ab-dom'in-al). Pertain- 
ing to the interior of the abdomen. 
endo-aneurysmorrhaphy (en"do-an-u-riz-mor/- 
af-e) [Gr. tvbov within 4- dveopvapa aneurysm 4- 
pa<pi) suture]. Matas' operation for aneurysm by 
opening the aneurysmal sac and closing the in- 
ternal orifices by suture. 
endo-angiitis (en"do-an-je-i'tis) [Gr. tvbov with- 
in 4- angiitis]. Inflammation of the intima of a 
blood-vessel. 
endo-antitoxin (en"do-an-te-tok'sin). An anti- 
toxin contained within the elaborating cell. 
endo-aortitis (en"do-a-or-ti'tis). See endaortitis, 
endo-appendicitis (en"do-ap-en-dis-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the mucous membrane which lines 
the appendix vermiformis; catarrhal appendicitis. 
endo-arteritis (en"do-ar-ter-i'tis). Same as end- 
arteritis. 
endo-auscultation (en"do-aws-kul-ta'shun). Aus- 
cultation of the stomach and thoracic organs by 
means of a tube passed into the stomach. 
endobacillary (en-do-bas'il-a-re). Contained with- 
in a bacillus, as, endobacillary albuminoid. 
endobiotic (en-do-bi-ot'ik) [Gr. tvbov within 4- 
Plwcris living]. Living parasitically within the 
tissues of the host. 
endoblast (en'do-blast)[Gr. tvbov within 4- ^Xaaros 
germ]. The endoderm or hypoblast; the more 
internal of the primary blastodermic layers. 
endoblastic (en-do-blast'ik). Pertaining to the 
endoblast; hypoblastic. 
endobronchitis (en"do-brong-ki'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the epithelial lining of the bronchi or of the 
bronchia. 
endocardiac, endocardial (en-do-kar'de-ak, en- 
do-kaPde-al) [Gr. iv8ov within 4- Kapdia heart], 
i. Situated or occurring within the heart. 2. Per- 
taining to the endocardium. 
endocarditic (en"do-kar-dit'ik). Pertaining to 
endocarditis. 
endocarditis (en"do-kar-di'tis). Inflammation of 
the endocardium (Bouillaud); a disease generally as- 
sociated with acute rheumatism, sometimes with 
other acute febrile diseases, and marked by dyspnea, 
rapid heart action, and peculiar systolic mur- 
murs. chronic e., a form associated with dis- 
ease of the heart valves, fetal e. See right- 
sided e. infectious e. Same as ulcerative e. 
e. len'ta, a mild endocarditis, frequently con- 
nected with the presence of Streptococcus viridans. 
malignant e., endocarditis with ulceratioh of 
the valves; generally secondary to suppuration in 
some other part of the body, mural e., en- 
docarditis affecting the heart chambers, as dis- 
tinguished from valvular e. plastic e., endo- 
carditis with the formation of a fibrous exudate 
which causes adhesion of the valves to surrounding 
parts, polypous e., ulcerative endocarditis with 
the formation of polypoid masses of fibrin, pus- 
tulous e., ulcerative endocarditis in which 
minute abscesses occur in the substance of the 
valves, right-sided e., primary acute endo- 
carditis of the right side of the heart. Called also 
petal e. ulcerative e., a rapidly fatal form 
which may follow septic poisoning. It is attended 
with symptoms of pyemia, and results in ulcera- 
tion and erosion of the valves. Called also in- 
jective, malignant, and septic e. valvular e., 
endocarditis affecting the membrane over the 
valves of the heart only, vegetative e., ver- 
rucous e., endocarditis with the formation of 
shreds of fibrin on the ulcerated valves. 
endocardium (en-do-kar'de-um) [Gr. tvbov within 
+ KapSia heart]. The epithelial lining membrane 
of the heart. 
endoceliac (en-do-se'le-ak) [Gr. tvbov within 4- 
KoiXla cavity]. Inside one of the body cavities. 
endocellular (en-do-sel'u-lar). Within a cell. 
endocervical (en-do-ser'vik-al). Pertaining to the 
interior of the cervix uteri. 
endocervicitis (en"do-ser-vis-i'tis) [Gr. tvSov with- 
in + L. cer'vix neck]. Inflammation of the lin- 
ing membrane of the neck of the uterus. 
endochondral (en-do-kon'dral). Developed with- 
in cartilage, as, an endochondral bone. 
endochorion (en-do-ko're-on) [Gr. tvbov within 4- 
xbpiov chorion]. The inner chorionic layer. 
endochrome (en'do-krdm) [Gr. tv8ov within + 
Xp&pa color]. The coloring-matter within a cell. 
endocolitis (en"do-ko-li'tis). Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the colon. 
endocolpitis (en"do-kol-pi'tis) [Gr. tv8ov within 
+ koSttos vagina]. Inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the vagina. 
endocomplement (en-do-kom'ple-ment). An en- 
docellular complement; a complement contained in 
the erythrocytes as distinguished from that con- 
tained in the serum. 
endocorpuscular (en-do-kor-pus'ku-lar). Within 
a corpuscle. 
endocranial (en-do-kra'ne-al). Within the cranium, 
endocranitis (en"do-kra-ni'tis). Inflammation of 
the endocranium; external pachymeningitis. 
endocranium (en-do-kra'ne-um) [Gr. tvbov within 
+ Kpavlov skull]. The dura mater of the brain. 
endocrin (en'do-krin) [Gr. tvbov within 4- Kplvetv 
to separate]. The internal secretion of a gland. 
endocrinasthenia (en-do-krin-as-the'ne-ah). En- 
docrine exhaustion resulting in a psychosis or 
psychongmoaia-" 
EN DOCRI NASTHENIA ENDOCRINASTHENIC 
378 
ENDOMETRITIS 
endocrinasthenic (en-do-krin-as-then'ik). Per- 
taining to or marked by endocrine exhaustion. 
endocrine, endocrinous (en'do-krin, en-dok'- 
rin-us). i. Secreting internally; applied to organs 
whose function is to secrete into the blood or 
lymph a substance which plays an important role 
in metabolism. See internal secretion, under secre- 
tion and hormone. 2. Pertaining to internal secre- 
tions. 
endocrinism (en-dok'rin-izm). Endocrinopathy. 
endocrinodontia (en-do-krin-o-don'she-ah) [endo- 
crine + oSovs tooth]. The relation of internal secre- 
tions to tooth formation and development. 
endocrinologist (en"do-krin-ol'o-jist). A worker 
in the subject of endocrinology or a physician who 
treats diseases arising from disordered internal 
secretions. 
endocrinology (en"do-krin-ol'o-je) [endocrin + Gr. 
Xoyos treatise]. The study of the internal secre- 
tions. 
endocrinopath (en-do-krin'o-path). A person with 
disorder of the glands of internal secretion. 
endocrinopathic (en"do-krin-o-path'ik). Per- 
taining to or affected with endocrinopathy; also a 
person so affected. 
endocrinopathy (en"do-krin-op'ath-e) [endocrine 
+ Gr. TraOos disease]. Any disease due to disorder 
of any of the internal secretions. 
endocrinotherapy(en-do-krin-o-ther'ap-e). Treat- 
ment of disease by the administration of endocrine 
preparations. 
endocrinous (en-dok'rin-us). See endocrine. 
endocrisines (en-dok'ris-inz). A proprietary prep- 
aration, being total extracts of all the internal 
secretory glands. 
endo critic (en-do-krit'ik). Same as endocrine. 
endocyclic (en-do-sik'lik). A term applied to cyclic 
compounds in which the bond occurs in the nucleus. 
endocystitis (en"do-sis-ti'tis). Inflammation of 
the lining membrane of the bladder. 
endocyte (en'do-sit) [Gr. ev8ov within + kutos 
cell]. Any cell-inclusion. 
endoderm (en'do-derm) [Gr. ev8ov within + 8eppa 
skin]. The hypoblast, or inner layer of the blas- 
toderm, or of the two-layered embryo. 
Endodermophyton (en-do-der-mof'it-on). A 
genus of fungi closely resembling Trichophyton 
which attacks the skin rather than the hair and 
dissects the horny layer of the epidermis from the 
reta without giving rise to suppuration. E. cas- 
tella'ni, the form which causes Tinea intersecta. 
E. concen'tricum, the form which causes Tinea 
imbricata. 
endodiascope (en-do-di'as-kop). An x-ray tube 
which may be placed inside a body cavity for 
radiography and radiotherapy. 
endodiascopy (en-do-di-as'ko-pe) [Gr. ev8ov within 
4- 3ia through + aKoueiv to view]. Skiascopic 
examination of a body cavity. 
endodontitis (en"do-don-ti'tis) [Gr. ev8ov within 
+ 88ovs tooth]. Inflammation of the dentinal 
pulp. 
endo-ectothrix (en-do-ek'to-thriks). A ring-worm 
fungus which produces spores both on the interior 
and exterior of the hairs. 
endo-enteritis (en 'do-en-ter-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the intestine. 
endo-enzyme (en-do-en'zim). An-intracellular en- 
zyme; an enzyme which is retained in a cell and 
not excreted into the surrounding medium. Cf. 
exo-enzyme. 
endo-erepsin (en-do-e-rep'sin). Endocellular erep- 
sin. 
endo-esophagitis (en"do-e-sof-aj-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the lining membrane of the esophagus. 
endo-exoteric (en"do-eks-o-ter'ik) [Gr. eoSov within 
+ el&TepiKos pertaining to the outside]. Resulting 
from certain Causes internal to the body, and 
from others of external origin. 
endofaradism (en-do-faFad-izm). Internal fara- 
dism, as of the stomach. 
endogalvanism (en-do-gal'van-izm). Internal gal- 
vanism, as of the stomach. 
endogamy (en-dog^am-e) [Gr. ev8ov within + yapos 
marriage]. Fertilization by the union of separate 
cells having the same chromatin ancestry. Called 
also pedogamy. Cf. autogamy and exogamy. 
endogastrectomy (en"do-gas-trek'to-me) [Gr. lv- 
800 within + yaar-qp stomach + eKropi) excision]. 
Extirpation of the mucosa of the stomach. 
endogastric (en-do-gas'trik). Pertaining to the 
interior of the stomach. 
endogastritis (en"do-gas-tri'tis). Inflammation of 
the mucous membrane of the stomach. 
endogen (en'do-jen). An obsolete term for the 
monocotyledonous plants. 
endogenic (en-do-jen'ik). Endogenous. 
endogenous (en-doj'en-us) [Gr. ev8ov within + 
yevvav to produce]. Originating within the organ- 
ism. 
endoglobar (en-do-glo'bar). Endoglobular. 
endoglobular (en"do-glob'u-lar). Situated or oc- 
curring within the blood-corpuscles. 
endognathion (en-do-gna'the-on) [Gr. ev8ov with- 
in + yvafios jaw]. The inner segment of th ain- 
cisive bone. 
endogonidium (en"do-go-nid'e-um). A gonidium 
developed within a cell. 
endo-intoxication (en"do-in-toks-ik-a'shun). Poi- 
soning caused by an endogenous toxin. 
endolabyrinthitis (en"do-lab-i-rin-thi'tis). In- 
flammation of the membranous labyrinth. 
endolaryngeal (en"do-lar-in'je-al) [Gr. ev8ov 
within + Xapvy^ larynx]. Situated on or occur- 
ring within the larynx. 
Endoli'max na'na. A non-pathogenic ameba 
found in the intestines resembling Entameba his- 
tolytica, but much smaller. 
endolumbar (en-do-lum'bar). Within the lumbar 
portion of the spinal cord. 
endolymph (en'do-limf) [Gr. tv8ov within + lymph}. 
The liquor scarpae, a fluid contained in the mem- 
branous labyrinth of the ear. 
endolymphatic, endolymphic (en"do-lim-fat'- 
ik, en-do-lim'fik). Pertaining to the endolymph. 
endolysin (en-dol'is-in) [Gr. evSov within + lysin]. 
A bactericidal substance existing in leukocytes, 
which acts directly on bacteria, leukocytic e. 
See leukin. 
endomastoiditis (en"do-mas-toid-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation within the mastoid cavity and cells. 
endometrectomy (en"do-me-trek'to-me) [Gr. Iv8ov 
within + p^rpa womb + eKTopi) excision]. Ex- 
tirpation of the uterine mucosa. 
endometrial (en-do-me'tre-al). Pertaining to the 
endometrium. 
endometrioma (en-do-me-tre-o'mah). A tumor 
containing endometrium. 
endometritis (en"do-me-tri'tis) [Gr. ev8ov within 
+ wqrpa uterus + -ins inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the endometrium, or lining membrane 
of the uterus. Endometritis is of various kinds: it 
may be catarrhal, croupous, diphtheric, fungous, 
gangrenous, hemorrhagic, or septic. It is cervical 
or corporeal, according as it affects the cervix or 
body of the uterus, bacterio toxic e., endo- 
metritis caused by the toxins of bacteria, as dis- 
tinguished from that caused by the presence of 
the organisms themselves, decidual e., in- 
flammation of the decidual membranes of preg- 
nancy. e. dis'secans, endometritis with a ten- 
dency to the formation of large, deep ulcers, 
exfoliative e., endometritis with the casting off 
of portions of the membrane, membranous e., ENDOMETRIUM 
379 
endometritis with an exudate-which forms a false 
membrane. 
endometrium (en-do-me'tre-um). The mucous 
membrane that lines the cavity of the uterus. 
endometry (en-dom'et-re) [Gr. evSov within 4- 
perpov measure]. The measurement of the capac- 
ity of a cavity. 
endomixis (en-do-miks'is) [Gr. ev8ov within 4- 
pi^es mixture]. The intermingling of the nuclear 
and cytoplasmic substance which takes place within 
the cell. 
Endomyces (en-do-mi'sez). A genus of the Sac- 
charomycetes in which the mycelium is seg- 
mented. E. albicans, the cause of thrush. 
Called also Oidium albicans. E. rhoi and E. sub- 
tilis have also been found parasitic in man. 
endomyocarditis (en"do-mi-o-kar-di'tis) [Gr. &8ov 
within 4- pvs muscle 4- Kapbia heart]. Inflamma- 
tion of the endocardium and myocardium. 
endomysium (en-do-mis'e-um) [Gr. evSou within 4- 
pvs muscle]. The areolar tissue which separates 
the fibers of any muscular fasciculus. 
endonasal (en-do-na'zal). Within the nose. 
endonephritis (en"do-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. evdov within 
4- nephritis]. Same as pyelitis. 
endoneuritis (en"do-nu-ri'tis). Inflammation of 
the endoneurium. 
endoneurium (en-do-nu're-um) [Gr. evbov within 
4- vevpov nerve]. The delicate connective tissue 
between the fibers of any funiculus of a nerve. 
endonuclear (en-do-nu'kle-ar). Within a cell nu- 
cleus. 
endo-oxidase (en-do-ok'sid-as). Oxidase occurring 
within a cell, such as a bacterium. 
endoparasite fen-do-paCas-it) [Gr. evbov within 4- 
TrapaaiTos parasite]. A parasite which lives within 
the body of its host. 
endopelvic (en-do-pel'vik). Within the pelvis, 
endoperiarteritis (en"do-per"e-ar-ter-i'tis). End- 
arteritis combined with periarteritis. 
endopericardial (en"do-per-e-kar'de-al). Pertain- 
ing to the endocardium and pericardium. 
endopericarditis (en"do-per-ik-ar-di'tis). Endo- 
carditis combined with pericarditis. 
endoperimyocarditis (en"do-per-e-mi"o-kar-di'- 
tis). Inflammation of the endocardium, peri- 
cardium, and myocardium. 
endoperineuritis (en"do-per-e-nu-ri'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the endoneurium and perineurium. 
endoperitonitis (en"do-per-it-o-ni'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the serous lining of the peritoneal cavity. 
endophlebitis (en"do-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. evbov within 
4- <pXep vein + -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the intima of a vein. 
endophthalmitis (en-dof-thal-mi'tis) [Gr. evbov 
within 4- ophthalmitis]. Inflammation of the in- 
ternal structures of the eye. 
endophylaxination (en"do-fi-lak-sin-a'shun). Re- 
sistance to intoxication developed entirely within 
the body of the animal possessing it. 
endophyte (en'do-fit) [Gr. evbov within 4- ipvrbv 
plant]. A vegetable organism growing within an 
animal or a plant. 
endoplasm (en'do-plazm) [Gr. evbov within 4- 
irXaupa something formed]. The central portion 
of the cytoplasm of a cell. Cf. ectoplasm. 
endoplast (en'do-plast) [Gr. evbov within 4- irXaa- 
oeev to form]. The nucleus of a cell. 
endoplastic (en-do-plas'tik). Same as entoplastic. 
endorachis (en-dor'ak-is) [Gr. evbov within 4- paxes 
spine]. A delicate membrane lining the spinal 
canal. 
end-organ (end'or-gan). Any end-bud, end-plate, 
or other similar terminal nerve expansion, e. of 
Ruffini, any of the peculiar nerve end-organs 
occurring in the corium, side by side with pa- 
cinian corpuscles. They consist of a connective- 
tissue framework supporting a rich arborization of 
telodendria. 
endorhachis (en-do-ra'kis) [Gr. ev8ov within + 
paxes spine]. The spinal dura mater. 
endorhinitis (en"do-rin-i'tis) [Gr. evSov within + 
pis nose]. Inflammation of the lining membrane 
of the nasal passages. 
endosalpingitis (en"do-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. evSov 
within + aaXiriyl; tube + -eres inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the lining membrane of the oviduct. 
endosarc (en'do-sark). See entosarc. 
endoscope (en'do-skop) [Gr. ev8ov within + aKoireiu 
to examine]. An instrument for the examina- 
tion of the interior of a hollow viscus, such as 
the bladder. 
endoscopy (en-dos'ko-pe). Inspection of any 
cavity of the body by means of the endoscope. 
endosecretory (en-do-se'kre-to re) [Gr. evSov with- 
in + secretory], Pertaining to the internal secre- 
tions, as, endosecretory organs. 
endosepsis (en-do-sep'sis). Septicemia originating 
within the organism. 
endoskeleton (en-do-skel'et-on) [Gr. ep8ov within 
+ aKeXerov skeleton]. The bony and cartilaginous 
structures of the body, exclusive of that part of 
the skeleton only which is of dermal origin. 
endosmometer (en-dos-mom'et-er) [endosmosis 
4- Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument for deter- 
mining the rate and extent of endosmosis. 
endosmose, endosmosis (en'dos-mos, en-dos-mo'- 
sis) [Gr. evSov within 4- wapos impulsion], A 
movement in liquids separated by a membranous 
or porous septum, by which one fluid passes 
through the septum into the cavity which con- 
tains another fluid of a different density. Cf. 
exosmosis. 
endosmotic (en-dos-mot'ik). Of the nature of 
endosmosis. 
endosoma (en-do-so'mah) [Gr. &8ov within 4- 
aupa body]. The matter which fills a red blood- 
corpuscle. 
endosperm (en'do-sperm). A substance containing 
reserve food materials, formed within the embryo 
sac of plants. 
endospore (en'do-spor) [Gr. ev8ov within + airopos 
seed]. See under spore. 
endosporium (en-do-spbr'e-um). The inner layer 
of the envelop of a spore. 
endosteitis, endostitis (en"dos-te-i'tis, en-dos- 
ti'tis). Inflammation of the endosteum. 
endosteoma (en-dos-te-o'mah) [Gr. ev8ov within 
+ offTtov bone + -wpa tumor], A tumor in the 
medullary cavity of a bone. 
endostethoscope (en-do-steth'o-skop). A stetho- 
scope passed into the esophagus for auscultating 
the heart. 
endosteum (en-dos'te-um) [Gr. ev8ov within 4- 
bffTtov bone]. The tissue surrounding the med- 
ullary cavity of a bone. 
endostoma (en-dos-to'mah) [Gr. ev8ov within + 
bareov bone]. A bony tumor within a bone. 
endotenon (en-do-ten'on) [Gr. ev8ov within 4- 
Tevtov tendon]. The delicate connective tissue 
separating the structural bundles of a tendon. 
endothelial (en-do-the'le-al). Pertaining to or 
made up of endothelium. 
endothelioblastoma (en-do-the"li-o-blas-to'mah) 
[endothelium + Gr. ^Xaaros germ 4- -upa tumor]. 
A tumor of mesenchymal origin, the cells of which 
tend to differentiate into flat endothelial cells and 
to line vessels, cavities, and surfaces (Mallory). 
The term includes angioma, hemangioma, endothe- 
lioma, and lymphangioma. 
endotheliocyte (en-do-the'le-o-sit) [endothelial 4- 
Gr. kotos cell]. A term for the large white cells of 
ENDOTHELIOCYTE ENDOTHELIOCYTOSIS 
380 
ENGASTRIUS 
the normal blood which are characterized by 
variability of size, large, variously shaped nuclei, 
and an abundant reticulated protoplasm. The 
term includes the transitionals of Ehrlich's classi- 
fication and all the large mononuclears except the 
lymphocytes. Called also splenocyte. 
endotheliocytosis (en-do-the"le-o-si-to'sis). An 
abnormal increase in the number of endothelio- 
cytes. 
endothelioid (en-do-the'le-oid). Resembling en- 
dothelium. e. cells. See under cell. 
endothelioinoma (en"do-the-le-o-i-no'mah). A 
fibrous tumor on the endothelium. 
endotheliolysin (en"do-the-le-oris-in). An anti- 
body capable of causing disintegration of endo- 
thelial tissue. 
endotheliolytic (en"do-the-le-o-lit'ik). Capable 
of destroying endothelial tissue. 
endothelioma (en"do-the-le-o'mah) [Gr. tv8ov 
within + 0-qX-q nipple + -copa tumor]. A tumor 
arising from the endothelial linings of blood-vessels 
hemangio-endothelioma), lymphatics (lymphangio- 
endothelioma), or serous cavities, e. cap'itis, a 
large multiple endothelioma on the scalp, dural 
e., a tumor formed from the endothelial cells 
lining the arachnoid or subdural space. 
endotheliomyoma (en-do-the"le-o-mi-o'mah). A 
myomatous tumor arising from endothelium. 
endotheliomyxoma (en-do-the"le-o-miks-o'mah). 
A myxomatous tumor arising from endothelium. 
endotheliotoxin (en"do-the-le-o-toks'in). A spe- 
cific toxin which acts on the endothelium of cap- 
illaries and small veins, producing hemorrhage. 
Cf. hemorrhagin. 
endothelium (en-do-the'le-um) [Gr. tvBov within + 
6r]Xr) nipple]. The membrane that lines the serous 
cavities, lymphatic cavities, joint cavities, and 
other closed cavities of the body. It consists of 
a layer of thin, flat, connective-tissue cells. De- 
bove's e., the membrana propria upon which the 
epithelium of the small intestine rests. 
endothermal (en-do-ther'mal). Endothermic. 
endothermic (en-do-ther'mik) [Gr. tvSov within + 
Otppr) heat]. 1. Absorbing heat. 2. Pertaining to 
internal heat production, of which there is no ex- 
ternal evidence. 
endothermy (en'do-ther-me) [See endothermic]. 
The production of heat in the tissues from within 
by means of the electric current, the active elec- 
trode being cold when applied. 
endothrix (en'do-thriks) [Gr. tv8ov within + 6pl£ 
hair]. A form of Trichophyton which invades the 
hair and is found within the hair shaft. 
endothyropexy, endothyreopexy (en-do-thi'- 
ro-pek-se, en-do-thi're-o-pek-se). The operation 
of freeing the thyroid from the trachea, dislocating 
it forward, and fixing it to one side in a pocket be- 
tween the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the skin. 
endotin (en-do'tin). A purified extract of a fil- 
trated culture of human tubercle bacilli in 50 per 
cent, glycerin. Called also tuberculinum purum. 
endotoscope (en-do'to-skbp) [Gr. tv8ov within 4- 
ous ear -f- aKoirtiv to view]. An endoscope for the 
ear. 
endotoxic (en-do-tok'sik). Retaining its toxin 
within itself: said of bacteria. 
endotoxicosis (en"do-toks-ik-o'sis). Poisoning 
caused by an endotoxin. 
endotoxin (en-do-toks'in). A toxin that is retained 
within the body of the bacterium, as distinguished 
from the extracellular or true toxin. 
endotracheitis (en"do-tra-ke-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the mucosa of the trachea. 
endotrachelitis (en"do-trak-el-i'tis) [Gr. tv8ov 
within 4- rpax^Xos neck]. Inflammation of the 
lining membrane of the cervix uteri. 
endotrypsin (en-do-trip'sin) [Gr. tv8ov within + 
trypsin]. A digestive ferment derived from yeast 
and resembling trypsin in its action. 
endotryptase (en-do-trip'tas). An intracellular 
ferment from yeast, capable of digesting zymase. 
endovasculitis (en"do-vas-ku-li'tis) [Gr. ev8ov 
within + L- vas'culum vessel]. Inflammation of 
the intima of a blood-vessel. 
endovenous (en-do-ve'nus). Same as intravenous. 
end-piece (en'pes). Same as complement. 
end-plate (end'plat). A flattened terminal dis- 
coid expansion at the ending of a motor nerve- 
fiber in the tissue of a muscle. 
endyma (en'dim-ah). Same as ependyma. 
enelectrolysis (en-e-lek-trol'is-is). Removal of 
superfluous hair by pulling out the hair and pass- 
ing a current through the electric needle into the 
hole left. 
Enem. Abbreviation for enema. 
enema (en'em-ah), pl. enem'ata [Gr. evepa]. A 
clyster or injection; a liquid thrown or to be 
thrown into the rectum, analeptic e., an enema 
consisting of a pint of tepid water containing } 
teaspoonful of salt. Called also thirst e. blind e., 
the insertion of a soft-rubber tube into the rectum 
to aid in the expulsion of flatus. Dobell's e., 
a nutrient enema containing scraped boiled meat, 
pancreas emulsion, boiled arrowroot, pepsin, and 
pancreatin. Ewald's e., a nutrient enema 
containing eggs, wheat flour boiled in a 20 per 
cent, grape-sugar solution, and red wine. Leube ' s 
e., an enema containing boiled meat, fat, and 
pancreatin, pancreatic e., an enema contain- 
ing pancreatin. Rosenheim's e., a nutrient 
enema consisting of peptone, cod-liver oil, and 
sugar in a 0.3 per cent, soda solution, thirst e., 
analeptic enema. 
enemose (en'em-6z). A proprietary liquid prepara- 
tion of nitrogenous substances from beef and wheat: 
used especially for colonic feeding. 
enepidermic (en-ep-e-der'mik). Used upon or 
applied to the skin. 
energetics (en-er-jet'iks). The study of enery; the 
science of energy. 
energid (en'er-jid). The nucleus and its active 
cytoplasm, regarded as the essential living part 
of the cell. 
energin (en'er-jin). A nutrient preparation from 
the proteins of rice. 
energometer (en-er-gom'et-er). An apparatus for 
studying the pulse, measuring-(1) The pressure 
sufficient to overcome the pulse-wave; (2) the energy 
expended in the cuff to counteract this pressure; 
(3) the pressure at which the maximal volume of 
blood meets the cuff; (4) the value of this maximal 
blood volume; (5) the press at which the energy 
expanded in the cuff becomes maximal; and (6) 
the volume of this maximal energy. 
energy (en'er-je) [Gr. evepyeia]. Ability to operate 
or work; power to produce motion, to overcome 
resistance, and to effect physical changes, biotic 
e., the form of energy peculiar to living matter, 
chemical e., energy which shows itself in chem- 
ical transformations, conservation of e., the 
principle that in the conversion of one kind of 
energy into another no energy is ever lost or created, 
kinetic e., energy in action or engaged in pro- 
ducing work or motion, potential e., e. of 
position, energy at rest or not manifested in 
actual work. 
enervation (en-er-va'shun) [L. enerva'tio]. Lack 
of nervous energy; languor. 
enesol (en-e'sol) [Gr. eveaLs injection]. Mercury 
salicylarsenate, (OH.CelU.CO.ObAsHg, a com- 
pound said to combine the actions of mercury and 
arsenic. It is used by intramuscular injection in 
doses of 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.) of a 3 per cent, 
solution. 
engastrius (en-gas'tre-us) [Gr. tv in + yacrrijp 
belly]. A double monstrosity in which one fetus 
is contained within the abdomen of the other. ENGEL'S ALKALIMETRY 
381 
ENTERICIN 
Engel's alkalimetry (eng'elz) [Rodolphe Charles 
Engel, Alsatian chemist, 1850-1916]. See alkalim- 
etry. 
Engelmann's disks (eng'el-mahnz) [Theodor 
Wilhelm Engelmann, a German physiologist, born 
1843]. See under disk. 
engine, dental (en'jin). A machine operated by 
foot-power or by electricity for giving a swift 
rotatory motion to dr.Ils, burrs, burnishers, etc.; 
much employed by dentists, surgical e., a sim- 
ilar machine to the dental engine, used in operative 
surgery. 
englobe (en-glob'). To absorb within the substance 
of a globe, such as an ameba, leukocyte, or other cell, 
engorged (en-gorjd'). Distended or swollen with 
fluids. 
engorgement (en-gorj'ment). Hyperemia; local 
congestion; excessive fulness of any organ or 
passage. 
engram (en'gram) [Gr. ev upon 4~ ypappa mark]. 
A lasting mark or trace. The term is applied to 
the definite and permanent trace left by a stimulus 
in the protoplasm of a tissue. In psychology it is 
the lasting trace left in the psyche by anything 
that has been experienced psychically; a latent 
memory picture. 
enhematospore (en-hem'at-o-spor) [Gr. ev in 4- 
alpa blood 4- arrbpos spore], A spore of the 
malarial parasite formed in the blood by the 
breaking up of the amebula and the red corpus- 
cle containing it. 
enhemospore (en-hem'o-spor). Same as enhemato- 
spore. 
enkatarrhaphy (en-kat-ar'af-e) [Gr. eyKarap- 
pairreLV to, sew in]. The operation of burying a 
structure by suturing together the sides of the 
tissues alongside of it. 
enol (e'nol). One of two tautomeric forms of a sub- 
stance, the other being the keto form. The enol is 
formed from the keto by migration of hydrogen 
from the adjacent carbon atom to the carbonyl 
group: 
R.CH2 R.CH 
I II 
R.C : O R.C.OH 
keto form enol form 
enomania, oenomania (e-no-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. olvos 
wine 4- pavla madness]. 1. A periodic or mani- 
acal craving for strong drink. 2. Delirium tremens, 
enophthalmin (en-of-thal'min). Oxytoluylmethyl- 
vinyldiacetonalkamin hydrochlorate, a mydriatic 
substance, used like eucain, in 2-5 per cent, solution, 
enophthalmos, enophthalmus (en-of-thal'mos, 
en-of-thal'mus) [Gr. ev in 4- bcpOaXpbs eye]. Ab- 
normal retraction of the eye into the orbit. 
enorganic (en-or-gan'ik). Existing as a permanent 
quality of the organism. 
enosimania (en"os-im-a'ne-ah) [Gr. evocris a quak- 
ing 4~ pavia madness]. Insanity characterized by 
extreme terror. 
enostosis (en-os-to'sis) [Gr. ev in 4- oareov bone]. 
A morbid bony growth developed within the 
cavity of a bone or within the cranium. 
enoxidase, cenoxidase (e-nok'sid-as) [Gr. olvos 
wine 4- oxidase]. An oxidizing ferment found in 
spoiled wines. 
ensiform (en'sif-orm) [L. en'sis sword 4- for1 ma 
form]. Shaped like a sword. 
ensisternum (en-sis-ter'num) [L. en'sis sword 4~ 
sternum]. The ensiform appendix; the lowest 
piece of the sternum. 
ens morbi (enz mor'bi) [L.]. The nature or es- 
sential principle of a disease considered apart 
from its causation; the pathology of a disease as 
distinguished from its etiology. 
ensomphalus (en-som'fal-us) [Gr. ev in 4- a&pa. 
a body 4- bpcpaXbs navel]. A double monstrosity 
having blended bodies, two separate navels, and 
two umbilical cords. 
enstrophe (en'stro-fe) [Gr. ev in + arpecpeiv to 
turn]. Inversion, especially of the margin of the 
eyelids. 
entacoustic (en-tah-koos'tik) [Gr. evros within 
+ aKovariKos of hearing]. Pertaining to the organ 
of hearing. 
entad (en'tad). Toward the center; inwardly. 
Entada (en'tad-ah). See bayogo. 
ental (en'tal) [Gr. evros within]. Inner; central. 
Entameba, Entamoeba (ent-am-e'bah). A genus 
of amebae, including the species that are internal 
parasites of the human body. This genus is differ- 
entiated from A moeba by the absence of a contractile 
vacuole and the formation of multinucleated cysts. 
See Amoeba. E. buetsch'lii. Same as lod- 
ameba buetschlii. E. co'li, a non-pathogenic 
form found normally in the intestinal tract of man. 
E. gingiva'lis, a species found in the gums and 
thought to be the cause of pyorrhea alveolaris. 
E. histolyt'ica, a species larger than E. coli, and 
the cause of amebic or tropical dysentery and trop- 
ical abscess of the liver. Called also Amoeba 
dysenteries. E. kartul'isi, found in the pus of 
necrotic bone abscesses. E. na'na, Endolimax 
nana. E. nippon'ica, a species from cases of 
tropical dysentery in Japan. E. tetrage'na, a 
species found in the stool of tropical dysentery in 
Africa and Asia. E. tropica'lis. Same as E. 
histolytica. E. un'dulans, an oval body with an 
undulating membrane found in the human intes- 
tine. Other species (?) probably identical with E. 
gingivalis are: E. buccalis, E. kartulis, E. pul- 
monalis, Amoeba buccalis, A. dentalis, A. maxilaris. 
Other species (?) very similar to or identical with 
E. coli are: E. tropicalis, phagocytoides, E. brazilien- 
sis, E. urogenitalis, E. vaginalis. Other species (?) 
not well defined are: E. miurai, E. mortinatalium. 
entamebiasis (en"tam-e-bi'as-is). Infestation with 
Entameba. 
entasia, entasis (en-ta'ze-ah, en'tas-is) [Gr. ev- 
raats]. A constrictive spasm; spasmodic mus- 
cular action. 
entelechy (en-tel'ek-e) [Gr. evreXeyeia actuality]. 
Completion; full development or realization; the 
complete expression of some function. 
entepicondyle (en-tep-e-kon'dil). The internal 
epicondyle of the humerus. 
enteque (en-ta'ka). A disease of animals in South 
America, characterized by the formation of horny 
structures in the lungs. 
enteraden (en-ter'ad-en) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- abrjv 
gland]. Any intestinal gland. 
enteradenitis (en-ter-ad-en-i'tis) [see enteraden]. 
Inflammation of the intestinal glands. 
enteral (en'ter-al) [Gr. evrepov intestine]. Within, 
or by way of, the intestine. 
enteralgia (en-ter-al'je-ah) [Gr. evrepov intestine 4- 
aXyos pain]. Pain or neuralgia of the intestine. 
enterangiemphraxis (en-ter-an-je-em-fraks'is) 
[Gr. eprepop intestine + ayyelov vessel + ilpcppa^is 
stoppage]. Obstruction of the intestinal blood- 
vessels. 
enterauxe (en-ter-awks'e) [Gr. evrepov intestine 4~ 
av^r) increase]. Hypertrophy of the intestinal wall. 
enterectasis (en-ter-ek'tas-is) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine 4- enraaLS extension]. Distention of the in- 
testines. 
enterectomy (en-ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. 'evrepop intes- 
tine 4- eKTopri a cutting out]. The excision of a 
part of the intestine. 
enterelcosis (en-ter-el-ko'sis) [Gr. 'evrepov intestine 
4- eXKuais ulceration]. Ulceration of the intestine. 
enterepiplocele (en"ter-e-pip'lo-sel) [Gr. evrepov 
intestine 4- eiriirXoov omentum 4- K-qXi) hernia]. 
See entero-epiplocele. 
enteric (en-ter'ik) [Gr. evrept-Kos]. Pertaining to 
the intestines. 
entericin (en-ter'es-in). A preparation obtained 
from the plant, Monso'nia biflo'ra, which grows in ENTERICOID 
382 
ENTEROKINESIA 
the high velds of South Africa: said to be useful 
for intestinal ulceration in typhoid fever. Dose, 
6o gr. (4 gm.). 
entericoid (en-ter'ik-oid). Resembling enteric or 
typhoid fever. 
enterin (en'ter-in). Hexamethylentetramin protein, 
used as an intestinal antiseptic and astringent. 
Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
enteritis (en-ter-i'tis) [Gr. evrepov intestine]. In- 
flammation of the intestine-chiefly of the small 
intestine, e. anaphylac'tica, hemorrhagic in- 
flammation of both the large and small intestines 
following a second but not a fatal dose of anaph- 
ylactogen in sensitized dogs. e. cys'tica chron'- 
ica, a form marked by cystic dilatations of the in- 
testinal glands, due to closure of their mouths, 
diphtheric e., diphtheria of the intestines, e. 
membrana'cea, membranous enteritis, mu- 
cous e., mucomembranous e., enteritis 
marked by painful diarrhea, with the presence of 
tubular casts of albuminous matter in the evacua- 
tions. e. nodula'ris, enteritis with enlargement 
of the lymph-nodes, pellicular e., mucous en- 
teritis. phlegmonous e., a condition with symp- 
toms resembling those of peritonitis, and secondary 
to other intestinal diseases, as chronic obstruction, 
strangulated hernia, carcinoma, etc. e. polypo'- 
sa, enteritis marked by polypoid growths in the 
intestine, due to proliferation of the connective tis- 
sue. protozoan e., enteritis in which the in- 
testine is infested with protozoan organisms of 
various species, pseudomembranous e., en- 
teritis without fever and with profuse exudate of 
mucin, strep tococcous e., primary phlegmon- 
ous enteritis, due to Streptococcus pyogenes. 
entero- (en'ter-o-) [Gr. evrepov intestine]. A prefix 
denoting some relation to the intestine. 
en tero-anastomosis (en"ter-o-an-as-to-mo'sis). 
The joining of two portions of the small intestine 
so as to form a single continuous tube. 
entero-antigen (en"ter-o-an'te-jen). An antigen 
derived from the stools. 
entero-apokleisis (en"ter-o-ap-o-kli'sis) [Gr. ev- 
repov bowel 4- airoKXeiacs a shutting out]. The 
surgical exclusion of a part of the intestine. 
enterobacteriotherapy (en"ter-o-bak-te-re-o- 
ther'ap-e). Treatment by vaccine made from in- 
testinal bacteria. 
enterobiliary (en"ter-o-bil'e-a-re). Connecting 
the intestine and the bile-passages. 
enterobrosia, enterobrosis (en"ter-o-bro'se-ah, 
en"ter-o-bro'sis) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- ^pwais 
eating]. Intestinal perforation. 
enterocele (en'ter-o-sel) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- kt)Xt) 
hernia]. 1. Any hernia of the intestine. 2. Poste- 
rior vaginal hernia. See under hernia. 
enterocentesis (en"ter-o-sen-te'sis) [Gr. evrepov 
bowel 4- K^vri)at.s puncture]. Surgical puncture 
of the intestine. 
enterochirurgia (en"ter-o-ki-rur'je-ah) [Gr. evre- 
pov intestine 4- xeipovpyla surgery]. Surgery of 
the intestine. 
enterocholecystostomy (en"ter-o-ko"le-sis-tos'- 
to-me) [Gr. Evrepov bowel + xoXr) bile 4- Khans 
bladder 4- aropa mouth]. The surgical creation 
of an opening from the gall-bladder to the small 
intestine. 
enterocholecystotomy (en"ter-o-ko"le-sis-tot'o- 
me) [enterotomy 4- cholecystotomy]. Incision of the 
gall-bladder and the intestine.. 
enterocinesia (en"ter-o-sin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. evrepov 
intestine 4- KLvqai-s motion]. Peristalsis. 
enterocinetic (en"ter-o-sin-et'ik). Pertaining to 
peristalsis; stimulating bowel activity. 
enterocleaner (en"ter-o-kle'ner). An apparatus 
for flushing the intestines while the patient is in a 
full bath. 
enterocleisis (en-ter-o-kli'sis) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine 4- KXelais closure], 1. Closure of a wound in 
the intestine. 2. Occlusion of the lumen of the in- 
testine. omental e., closure of an intestinal 
perforation by covering it with omentum. 
enteroclysis (en-ter-ok'lis-is) [Gr. evrepov bowel + 
kXuctis injection]. The injection of a nutrient 
or medicinal liquid into the bowel. 
enteroclysm (en'ter-o-klizm) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- 
KXvapos injection]. Material used in enteroclysis. 
enterococcus (en"ter-o-kok'us) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine + coccus]. A Gram-positive, capsulated 
streptococcus which may appear as a diplococcus 
or as a diplobacillus. It is not known to be patho- 
genic. 
enterocoele (en"ter-o-se'le) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- 
KoiXla hollow]. The abdominal cavity or body- 
cavity. 
enterocolitis (en"ter-o-ko-li'tis) [enteritis + co- 
litis]. Inflammation of the small intestine and 
the colon. 
enterocolostomy (en"ter-o-ko-los'to-me) [Gr. ev- 
repov intestine 4- koXov colon + arbpa mouth]. 
The operative formation of a communication 
between the small intestine and the colon. 
enterocyst (en'ter-o-sist) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- 
Kvans cyst]. A benignant cyst proceeding from 
the subperitoneal tissue. 
enterocystocele (en"ter-o-sis'to-sel) [Gr. evrepov 
intestine 4- kvotcs bladder 4- ki)\t) hernia]. Her- 
nia of the bladder and intestine. 
enterocystoma (en"ter-o-sis-to'mah) [Gr. evrepov 
intestine + kImth cyst 4- -upa tumor]. A congen- 
ital cyst formed by the segmentation or irregular 
development of an intestine. 
enterodynia (en"ter-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. evrepov bowel 
+ bbvvrj pain]. Pain in the intestine. 
entero-enterostomy (en"ter-o-en-ter-os'to-me). 
The artificial creation of a permanent opening 
between two parts of the intestine not normally 
in relation with each other. 
entero-epiplocele (en"ter-o-e-pip'lo-sel) [Gr evre- 
pov bowel + eirlirXoov omentum 4- K-qXt) hernia]. 
Hernia of the small intestine and omentum. 
enterogastritis (en"ter-o-gas-tri'tis) [Gr. evrepov 
bowel + yaarrip stomach -I- -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the small intestine and stomach. 
enterogenous (en-ter-oj'en-us) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine 4- yevvav to produce]. Arising within the 
intestine. 
enterogram (en'ter-o-gram). A tracing made by 
an instrument of the movements of the intestine. 
enterograph (en'ter-o-graf) [Gr. evrepov intestine 
4- ypaipeiv to write]. An instrument for recording 
the intestinal movements. 
enterography (en-ter-og'raf-e) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine + ypatpeiv to record]. A description of the 
intestines. 
enterohepatitis (en"ter-o-hep-at-i'tis) [Gr. evre- 
pov bowel 4- r^ap liver 4- -iris inflammation], 
i. Inflammation of the bowel and liver. 2. An 
infectious disease of turkeys with lesions of the in- 
testine and liver, and a dark discoloration of the 
comb. Called also blackhead of turkeys. 
enterohydrocele (en"ter-o-hi'dro-sel) [Gr. evrepov 
bowel 4- hydrocele]. Hernia complicated with 
hydrocele. 
enteroidea (en-ter-oi'de-ah). The intestinal fevers; 
the fevers caused by intestinal bacteria, including 
typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and para-enteric 
fever. 
entero-intestinal (en"ter-o-in-tes'tin-al) [Gr. ev- 
repov intestine 4- intestine]. Pertaining to two 
different portions of the intestine; as, entero- 
intestinal fistula. 
enterokinase (en"ter-o-kin'as). An enzyme of the 
intestinal juice which activates the proteolytic 
enzyme of the pancreatic juice by converting 
trypsinogen into trypsin. 
enterokinesia (en"ter-o-kin-e'se-ah). Enterocine- 
sia. enterokinetic (en"ter-o-kin-et'ik). Enterocinetic. 
enterol (en'ter-ol) [Gr. evrepov intestine]. An in- 
ternal antiseptic. It is a brownish liquid, a com- 
bination of various cresols. Daily dose, 15-75 
min. (1-5 c.c.). 
enterolith (en'ter-o-lith) [Gr. evrepov intestine 4* 
Xi0os stone]. An intestinal calculus; any concre- 
tion found in the intestine. 
enterolithiasis (en"ter-o-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. evrepov 
bowel + lithiasis]. The formation of intestinal 
concretions. 
enterology (en-ter-ol'o-je) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- 
Xbyos word]. The sum of what is known regard- 
ing the intestines. 
enteromegalia, enteromegaly (en"ter-o-meg- 
a'le-ah, en"ter-o-meg/al-e) [Gr. evrepov intestine 
4- peyas large]. Enlargement of the intestine. 
enteromere (en'ter-o-mer) [Gr. evrepov intestine 4- 
pepos part]. Any segment or metamere of the 
embryonic alimentary tract. 
enteromerocele (en"ter-o-me'ro-sel) [Gr. evrepov 
intestine 4- pypos thigh 4- KqXq hernia]. Femo- 
ral hernia. 
enterometer (en-ter-om'et-er) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine 4- perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the lumen of the small intestine in 
operations. 
Enteromo'nas hom'inis. A minute flagellate 
parasitic in the intestine of man. 
enteromycodermitis (en"ter-o-mi-ko-der-mi'tis) 
[Gr. evrepov intestine 4- piiKos mucus 4- beppa. 
skin]. Inflammation of the mucosa of the intes- 
tine. 
enteromycosis (en"ter-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. evrepov 
bowel 4- pvktjs fungus]. Disease of the intestine 
due to bacteria or fungi, e. bacteria'cea, a 
general name for certain infections of the intes- 
tine due to non-specific bacteria. 
enteromyiasis (en"ter-o-mi-i'as-is) [Gr. evrepov 
intestine 4- pvia fly]. Presence of larvae of flies 
in the intestine. 
enteron (en'ter-on) [Gr. evrepov]. The intestine 
or alimentary canal. 
enteroneuritis (en"ter-o-nu-ri'tis). Inflammation 
of the nerves of the intestine. 
enteronol (en-ter'o-nol). A preparation said to be 
a mixture of alum and opium, and claimed to be an 
intestinal antiseptic and germicide. 
enteroparesis (en"ter-o-par'e-sis) [Gr. evrepov in- 
testine 4- Trapems relaxation]. Relaxation of the 
intestine resulting in dilatation. 
enteropathy (en-ter-op'ath-e) [Gr. 'evrepov bowel 
4* rra.0os illness]. Any disease of the intestine. 
enteropexy (en'ter-o-peks-e) [Gr. evrepov intestine 
4- irrj^LS fixation]. Surgical fixation of the intes- 
tine to the abdominal wall. 
enteroplasty (en'ter-o-plas-te) [Gr. evrepov bowel 
4- irXaaaeiv to mold]. Plastic surgery of the 
intestine, especially an operation for enlarging the 
caliber of the constricted bowel. 
enteroplegia (en"ter-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. evrepov in- 
testine 4- rrX-qyr) stroke]. Paralysis of the intes- 
tine. 
enteroplex (en'ter-o-pleks) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- 
7rXe£is weaving]. A device for joining the edges 
of a divided intestine. 
enteroplexy (en'ter-o-pleks-e) [Gr. evrepov bowel 
4- TrXe^is weaving]. The union of two portions 
of the intestine by means of aluminum rings and 
elastic pegs. 
enteroproctia (en"ter-o-prok'she-ah) [Gr. evrepov 
bowel 4- irpuKros anus]. The condition of having 
an artificial anus. 
enteroptosia (en"ter-op-to'se-ah). Enteroptosis, 
enteroptosis (en"ter-op-to'sis) [Gr. evrepov bowel 
4- irraiois fall]. Descent or downward displace- 
ment of the intestine in the abdominal cavity. Cf. 
Glenard's disease, under disease. 
ENTEROKINETIC 
383 
enteroptotic (en"ter-op-tot'ik). Pertaining to or 
affected with enteroptosis. 
enterorose (en'ter-o-ros). A food-preparation in 
a yellowish powder: for use in gastro-enteric 
affections. Dose, 2 dr. (8 gm.). 
enterorrhagia (en"ter-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. evrepov 
intestine + pqyvvvat. to burst forth]. Hemorrhage 
from the intestine. 
enterorrhaphy (en-ter-oFaf-e) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine -|- paipq suture]. The act of sewing up a gap 
or wound of the intestine, circular e., the 
sewing together of two completely divided por- 
tions of intestine by the invagination of one por- 
tion over the other and stitching or otherwise 
joining them end to end. 
enterorrhexis (en"ter-or-rek'sis) [Gr. evrepov in- 
testine + pfji;is rupture]. Rupture of the intes- 
tine. 
enteroscope (en'ter-o-skbp) [Gr. evrepov bowel + 
aKoirelv to inspect]. An instrument for inspect- 
ing the inside of the intestine. 
enterosepsis (en"ter-o-sep'sis) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine 4- putrefaction]. Intestinal sepsis due 
to putrefaction of the contents of the intestines. 
enteroseptol (en"ter-o-sep'tol). Betatrinaphthyl 
phosphate, an intestinal antiseptic. 
enterospasm (en'ter-o-spazm) [Gr. evrepov bowel 
+ aTraapos spasm], A spasm of the intestine. 
enterostasis (en"ter-o-sta'sis) [Gr. evrepov intes- 
tine + a tools stoppage]. Intestinal stasis; the 
stoppage of the food in its passage through the 
intestine. 
enterostaxis (en"ter-o-staks'is) [Gr. evrepov in- 
testine + ar alps dripping]. Slow hemorrhage 
through the intestinal mucous membrane. 
enterostenosis (en"ter-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. evrepov 
bowel 4- arevwacs contraction]. Narrowing or 
stricture of the intestine. 
enterostomy (en-ter-os'to-me) [Gr. evrepov bowel 
+ aropa mouth]. The artificial formation of a 
permanent opening into the intestine through 
the abdominal wall. 
enterotome (en'ter-o-tom) [Gr. evrepov intestine + 
ropy a cut]. A knife or scissors for slitting the 
intestine. Dupuytren's e., a cutting forceps 
used in making an artificial anus. 
enterotomy (en-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. evrepov bowel 4- 
repveiv to cut]. 1. Any cutting operation upon 
the living intestine. 2. The anatomy or dissec- 
tion of the intestine. 
enterotoxication (en"ter-o-tok-sik-a'shun). En- 
terotoxism. 
enterotoxin (en-ter-o-tok'sin). A toxin specific for 
the cells of the intestinal mucosa. 
enterotoxism (en"ter-o-tok'sizm). Autointoxica- 
tion of enteric origin. 
enterovaccine (en"ter-o-vak'sin). A proprietary 
polyvalent antityphocolic vaccine for oral ad- 
ministration. 
enterozoic (en"ter-o-zo'ik) [see enterozoon]. In- 
habiting the intestine: said of parasites. 
enterozoon (en"ter-o-zo'on), pl. enterozo'a [Gr. 
evrepov bowel -f- ^ipov animal]. An animal para- 
site or species inhabiting or infesting the intes- 
tinal canal. 
entheomania (en"the-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. evdeos in- 
spired + pavia madness]. Religious insanity. 
enthesis (en'thes-is) [Gr. ev in + rcOevac to place]. 
The employment of non-living material to remedy 
a defect or deformity of the body. 
enthetic (en-thet'ik) [Gr. ev in + rt-Oevai to place]. 
Introduced from without; exogenous. 
enthlasis (en'thlas-is) [Gr. ev in 4- 0Xav to crush]. 
Comminuted fracture of the skull, with depres- 
sion of the bony fragments. 
entiris (en-ti'ris) [Gr. evros within 4- ipis iris]. The 
posterior pigment layer of the iris. 
ENTIRIS ENTITY 
384 
ENZYME 
entity (en'tit-e) [L. ens being]. An independently 
existing thing; a reality. 
entoblast (en'to-blast) [Gr. evros within 4- ffXaoros 
germ], i. The inner of the two primitive em- 
bryonic layers; the hypoblast. 2. A cell nucleolus. 
3. Any one of the segmentational spheres whence 
the endodermal cells arise. 
entocele (en'to-sel) [Gr. evros inward 4- ki/Xi) her- 
nia]. An internal hernia. 
entochondrostosis (en"to-kon-dros-to'sis) [Gr. 
evros within + xorSpos cartilage + baTaiins 
ossification]. The development of bone taking 
place within cartilage. 
entochoroidea (en"to-ko-roid'e-ah) [Gr. evros in- 
ward + xopioeibr/s choroid]. The inner layer of 
the choroid coat of the eye. 
entocineria (en"to-sin-e're-ah). The internal or 
non-cortical gray substance of the brain and cord. 
entocnemial (en-tok-ne'me-al). On the inner side 
of the tibia. 
entocone (en'to-kon) [Gr. evros within 4- kuvos 
cone]. The inner posterior cusp of an upper molar 
tooth. 
entoconid (en-to-ko'nid) [Gr. evros inner 4- 
k&vos cone]. The internal posterior cusp of a 
lower molar tooth. 
entocornea (en-to-kor'ne-ah) [Gr. evros inner + 
cornea]. Descemet's membrane. 
entocuneiform (en-to-ku'ne-if-orm). The inner 
cuneiform bone of the foot. 
entocyte (en'to-sit) [Gr. evros inner + kvtos cell]. 
The cell-contents. 
entoderm (en'to-derm) [Gr. evros within + Seppa. 
skin]. The hypoblast, or innermost layer of the 
blastoderm. 
ento-ectad (en-to-ek'tad) [Gr. evros within + emos 
without]. From within outward. 
entome (eri'tom) [Gr. ev within + rop-q cut]. An 
instrument for cutting urethral strictures. 
entomion (en-to'me-on) [Gr. evropq notch]. The 
point at the tip of the mastoid angle of the parie- 
tal bone in the parietal notch of the temporal 
bone. 
entomology (en-to-mol'o-je) [Gr. evropov insect + 
\byos treatise]. The scientific study of insects. 
entophthalmia (en-tof-thal'me-ah). Inflamma- 
tion of the inner parts of the eyeball. 
entophyte (en'to-fit) [Gr. evros within + <pvrbv 
plant], A parasitic plant-organism living within 
the body. 
entopic (en-top'ik) [Gr. ev in + r biros place]. Oc- 
curring in the proper place; as, entopic gestation. 
entoplasm (en'to-plazm) [Gr. evros within + irXaa- 
pbs something formed]. 1. Same as endoplasm. 
2. The blue-staining, or non-chromatinic, por- 
tion of certain bacteria. 
entoplastic (en-to-plas'tik) [Gr. evros within + 
irXavrcKos formative]. Having a formative power 
lodged within. 
entoptic (en-top'tik) [Gr. evros within + birriKos 
seeing]. Noting visual phenomena which have 
their seat within the eye. 
entoptoscope (en-top'to-skop) [see entoptoscopy]. 
An instrument for examining the media of the eyes, 
to ascertain their transparency. 
entoptoscopy (en-top-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. evros within 
+ onp eye + oKoirecv to view]. The observation of 
the interior of the eye and its lights and shadows. 
entOTetina (en-to-ret'in-ah) [Gr. evros inner 4- 
retina]. The internal or nervous portion of the 
retina, disposed in five layers, which are named 
respectively outer molecular, inner nuclear, in- 
ner molecular, ganglion, and nerve-fiber layers. 
Called also lamina vasculosa relince and nervous 
layer of Henle. 
entorganism (ent-or'gan-izm) [Gr. 'evros within 
+ organism]. An internal parasite. 
entosarc (en'to-sark) [Gr. 'evros within 4- aap^ 
flesh]. The inner fluid part of Amabce and Gregarin- 
idia. 
entosthoblast (en-tos'tho-blast) [Gr. evroade from 
within + /JXaaros germ]. The nucleus of the 
nucleolus. 
entostosis (ent-os-to'sis) [Gr. e^ros within 4- 
outIeov bone]. Same as enostosis. 
entotic (en-tot'ik) [Gr. evros within 4- utikos audi- 
tory]. Situated in or arising within the ear. 
entotympanic (en-to-tim-pan'ik). Within the 
tympanum of the ear. 
entozoal (en-to-zo'al). Caused by entozoa. 
entozoon (en-to-zo'on), pl. entozo'a [Gr. evros with- 
in + faw animal]. Any animal parasite or 
species living within the living body. 
entropion, entropium (en-tro'pe-on; en-tro'pe- 
um) [Gr. er in + rpeireir to turn]. The introver- 
sion of the edge of the eyelid or of any similarly 
situated structure. 
entropionize (en-tro'pe-on-iz). To put into a 
condition of introversion; to turn inward. 
entropy (en'tro-pe). The measure of that part of 
the heat or energy of a system which is not avail- 
able to perform work. Entropy increases in all 
irreversible mechanical processes. 
enucleate (e-nu'kle-at) [L. enuclea're]. To remove 
whole and clean, as a tumor from its envelop. 
enucleation (e-nu-kle-a'shun) [L. e out 4- nu'- 
cleus kernel]. The removal of a tumor or other 
body in such a way that it comes out clean and 
whole, like a nut from its shell. 
enule (en'yul). A proprietary form of suppository 
containing a definite dosage. 
enuresis (en-u-re'sis) [Gr. bvoupeiv to void urine]. 
Involuntary discharge of the urine, nocturnal 
e., that which occurs at night and during sleep. 
environment (en-vi'ron-ment). The external sur- 
roundings and influences. 
enzootic (en-zo-ot'ik) [Gr. er in + ^wov animal]. 
Occurring endemically among animals.' 
enzygotic (en-zi-got'ik). Developed from the same 
fertilized ovum. 
enzymatic (en-zim-at'ik). Relating to an enzyme, 
enzyme (en'zim) [Gr. er in + ^bp-q leaven], A 
chemical ferment formed by living cells. Enzymes 
are complex organic chemical compounds capable of 
producing, by catalytic action, the transformation 
of some other compound or compounds, amylo- 
lytic e., one which converts starch into sugar, 
such as ptyalin, amylopsin, malt-diastase, auto- 
lytic e., an enzyme which produces autolysis or 
digestion of the cell in which it exists, bacterial 
e., an enzyme existing in or secreted by a bac- 
terium. clotting e., coagulose. coagulating 
e., one which converts soluble proteins into in- 
soluble. ones, such as rennin and fibrin-ferment. 
deamidizing e., an enzyme which splits up the 
amino-acids into ammonia compounds, extra- 
cellular e., an enzyme which exists outside of the 
cell secreting it. glycolytic e., an enzyme which 
oxidizes sugar, hydrolytic e., an enzyme which 
produces hydrolysis, inhibitory e., antienzyme, 
inorganic e., a colloidal solution of a metal 
(called a metalsol) which has an action similar to 
that of enzymes, intracellular e., an enzyme 
which is contained within the cell protoplasm, 
inverting e., an enzyme which splits up sugar, as 
invertin, lipolytic e., an enzyme which splits 
. up fat. oxidation e., oxidase, peptolytic e., 
an enzyme which splits up peptone, protective 
e. See protective ferment, under ferment. proteo- 
lytic e., one which converts a protein into a pep- 
tone, as pepsin, trypsin, and papain-enzyme, re- 
ducing e., reductase, steatolytic e., one 
which splits up fat, as steapsin, sucroclastic e., 
an enzyme which splits up or decomposes sugar, 
uricolytic e., an enzyme which metabolizes uric 
acid into urea. ENZYMIC 
385 
EPICONDYLALGIA 
enzymic (en-zim'ik). Of the nature of an enzyme, 
enzymol (en'zi-mol). A proprietary preparation 
from the glands of the stomach of animals, de- 
signed to represent the gastric juice: used as a 
solvent and antiseptic, especially in the external 
treatment of nasal and aural diseases. 
enzymology (en-zim-ol-o'je) [enzyme -}- Gr. Xoyos 
treatise]. The study of enzymes. 
enzymolysis (en-zi-mol'is-is) [enzyme + Gr. 
Xfms solution]. The disintegrative action or re- 
action produced by an enzyme. 
enzymosis (en-zi-mo'sis) [Gr. ev in + £vpq leaven]. 
Fermentation induced by an enzyme. 
enzymuria (en-zi-mu're-ah) [enzyme + urine]. The 
presence of enzymes in the urine. 
enzytol (en'zi-tol). A proprietary borate of cholin: 
used by intravenous injection, along with radio- 
active treatment, in cancer. 
eolipyle, seolipile (e-ol'ip-il). A form of spirit- 
lamp used to heat cautery irons. 
eosin (e'o-sin) [Gr. qus dawn]. A rose-colored 
stain or dye, C2oHgBr405: commercially, several 
other red coal-tar dyes are called eosin. 
eosinoblast (e-o-sin'o-blast). Same as myeloblast. 
eosinopenia (e-o-sin-o-pe'ne-ah) [eosinophil + Gr. 
irevta poverty]. Abnormal deficiency of eosinophil 
cells in the blood. 
eosinophil (e-o-sin'o-fil) [eosin + Gr. <pi\eiv to 
love]. A structure, cell, or histologic element 
readily stained by eosins. 
eosinophile, eosinophilic, eosinophilous (e-o- 
sin'o-fil, e"o-sin-o-fll'ik, e"o-sin-of'il-us). Readily 
stainable with eosin. 
eosinophilia (e"o-sin-o-fil'e-ah) [eosin + Gr. 
(piXelo to love]. 1. The formation and accumula- 
tion of an unusual number of eosinophil cells 
in the blood. 2. The condition of being readily 
stained with eosin. 
eosinotactic (e-o-sin-o-tak'tik) [eosinophil + Gr. 
TaKTCKos arranged]. Exhibiting an attractive or 
repulsive influence on eosinophil cells. 
eosolate (e-o'so-lat). A salt of a creosote ester. 
eosote (e'o-sbt). Creosote valerianate, an antiseptic 
fluid: useful in intestinal diseases and tubercu- 
losis. Dose, 7I min. (0.5 c.c.) in a capsule. 
epactal (e-pak'tal) [Gr. eiraKros brought in]. 1. 
Supernumerary. 2. A wormian bone. 
eparsalgia (ep-ar-sal'je-ah) [Gr. eiraLpeiv to lift + 
aXyos pain]. Any disorder or trouble due to 
overstrain of a part, including dilatation of the 
heart, hernia, enteroptosis, hemoptysis, etc. 
(Sterling). 
eparterial (ep-ar-te're-al) [Gr. eiri upon + aprqpla 
artery]. Over an artery, e. bronchus. See 
bronchus. 
epauxesiectomy (ep"awk-se-ze-ek'to-me) [Gr. 
kirav^qacs outgrowth + eK.ro pq excision]. The 
surgical removal of a growth. 
epaxial (ep-aks'e-al) [Gr. eirl upon + axis]. Situ- 
ated upon or above the axis. 
epencephal, epencephalon (ep-en-sef'al, ep-en- 
sef'al-on) [Gr. eirl upon + eyneipaXos brain]. The 
hind-brain; the anterior part of the posterior 
cerebral vesicle of the embryo, whence are de- 
veloped the pons and a part of the cerebellum. 
epencephalic (ep-en-sef-al'ik). Pertaining to the 
epencephalon. 
ependyma (ep-en'dim-ah) [Gr. eirevSvpa wrap]. 
The lining membrane of the ventricles of the 
brain and of the central canal of the spinal cord. 
ependymal (ep-en'dim-al). Pertaining to or com- 
posed of ependyma. 
ependymitis (ep"en-dim-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the ependyma. 
ependymoma (ep-en-dim-o'mah). A tumor con- 
taining ependymal elements. 
epersalgia (ep-er-sal'je-ah) [Gr. liralpeiv to lift 
+ aXyos pain], Eparsalgia. 
epharmony (ep-har'mo-ne). Development in com- 
plete harmony with environment; harmonic rela- 
tion between structure and environment. 
ephebic (ef-eb'ik) [Gr. pertaining to 
puberty]. Pertaining to youth or the period of 
puberty. 
ephebolergy (ef-e-bol'er-je) [Gr. e<pq/3os puberty 
+ Xoyos treatise]. The study of puberty. 
Ephedra (ef'ed-rah) [Gr. eirl upon + eSpa seat], A 
genus of gnetaceous plants. E. antisyphilit' ica, 
E. vulga'ris, and others are used in syphilis, rheu- 
matism, and diseases of the bladder. 
ephedrin (ef'ed-rin). i. An amorphous medicinal 
preparation of ephedra. 2. An alkaloid of the 
same: its chlorid is mydriatic, e.-homatropin, 
a compound of ephedrin hydrochlorate, 1 part; 
homa tropin hydrochlorate, part; water, 10 
parts: a good mydriatic. 
ephelis (ef-e'lis), pl. ephel'ides [Gr. e^Xis]. A 
freckle. 
ephem'era Britan'nica. Miliary fever. 
ephemeral (ef-em'er-al) [Gr. eirl on + qpepa day]. 
1. Enduring but one day or less. 2. Transient. 
ephidrosis (ef-id-ro'sis) [Gr. e<pl8pwais]. Excessive 
sweating; hyperidrosis. e. cruen'ta, the excre- 
tion of bloody sweat. 
ephippium (ep-hip'e-um) [Gr. eiri upon + imros 
horse]. The sella turcica. 
epiblast (ep'e-blast) [Gr. eirl on + QXaarbs germ]. 
The ectoderm, or outermost of the three layers 
of the blastoderm. From it are developed the 
epidermis and the epidermic tissues, such as the 
nails, hair, and glands of the skin, the nervous 
system, the external sense-organs, as the ear, eye, 
etc., and the mucous membrane of the mouth and 
anus. 
epiblastic (ep-e-blas'tik). Pertaining to or arising 
from the epiblast. 
epibole, epiboly (ep-ib'o-le) [Gr. ^rr/SoX^ cover]. 
In embryology, the inclusion of a set of seg- 
menting cells within another set by reason of the 
more rapid division of the latter. 
epibulbar (ep-e-bul'bar). Upon the eyeball. 
epicanthus (ep-ik-an'thus) [Gr. eirl on + KavOos 
canthus], A fold of the skin which sometimes 
covers the inner canthus. 
epicardia (ep-e-kar'de-ah). The portion of the 
esophagus extending from the cardia to the hiatus 
esophagi. 
epicardium (ep-ik-ar'de-um) [Gr. eirl upon + 
KapSla heart]. The innermost layer of the peri- 
cardium. 
epicarin (ep-e-ka'rin). A basic and non-toxic 
condensation-product, oxynaphthyloxymetatoluylic 
acid, OH.CioH6.CH2.C6H3(OH)COOH, of creoso- 
tinic acid and beta-naphthol. It is a soluble, 
reddish-yellow powder. Epicarin and its sodium 
salt are used in skin diseases in a 10 per cent, solu- 
tion or a 10-20 per cent, ointment. 
epicele, epicoele (ep'is-el) [Gr. eirl upon + KoiXla 
hollow]. The fourth ventricle of the brain. 
epicentral (ep-is-en'tral). Attached to the cen- 
trum of a vertebra. 
epichordal (ep-ik-or'dal). Situated dorsad of the 
notochord. 
epichorion (ep-e-ko're-on) [Gr. eirl upon + chorion]. 
That part of the uterine mucosa which incloses 
the fertilized ovum. 
epicoeloma (ep-e-se-lo'mah). The portion of the 
coeloma nearest the notochord. 
epicomus (ep-ik'o-mus) [Gr. eirl upon + Kopq hair]. 
A monster with a parasitic twin joined at the 
summit of the head. 
epicondylalgia (ep"ik-on-dil-al'je-ah) [epicondyle 
+ Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain in the muscles attached EPICONDYLE 
386 
EPIGXEA 
to the epicondyle of the humerus. It is a func- 
tional neurosis due to strains on the forearm. 
epicondyle (ep-ik-on'dil) [Gr. end upon + kopSvXos 
condyle]. An eminence upon a bone and above 
its condyle, lateral e. 1. The external condyle 
of the humerus. 2. The external tuberosity of the 
femur, median e. 1. The internal condyle of 
the humerus. 2. The inner tuberosity of the femur. 
epicondylian, epicondylic (ep-e-kon-dil'e-an, ep- 
e-kon-dil'ik). Pertaining to an epicondyle. 
epicondylitis (ep"e-kon-dil-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the tissues adjoining the epicondyle of the 
humerus. 
epicoracoid (ep-ik-or'ak-oid). Situated above the 
coracoid process. 
epicorneascleritis (ep-e-kor"ne-ah-skle-ri'tis). A 
chronic inflammatory condition affecting the cor- 
nea and sclera. 
epicostal (ep-e-kos'tal) [Gr. end upon 4- L. cos'ta 
rib]. Situated upon a rib. 
epicranium (ep-ik-ra'ne-um) [Gr. end on 4- Kpaviov 
skull]. The integument, aponeurosis, and mus- 
cular expansions of the scalp. 
epicranius (ep-ik-ra'ne-us) [Gr. end upon 4- Kpavlov 
cranium]. The occipitofrontalis muscle. 
epicrisis (ep-ik'ris-is) [Gr. end upon 4- Kplcns crisis]. 
A second or supplementary crisis. _. 
epicritic (ep-ik-rit'ik) [Gr. en-iKpcacs determination]. 
Relating to or serving the purpose of accurate 
determination: applied to cutaneous nerve-fibers 
that serve the purpose of perceiving fine varia- 
tions of touch or temperature. See epicritic 
sensibility, under sensibility. 
epicystitis (ep"i-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. eirl upon 4- ubaris 
bladder]. Inflammation of the structures above 
the bladder. 
epicystotomy (ep"i-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. end over 4- 
kwtls bladder 4- topf) a cut]. Suprapubic opera- 
tion for stone in the bladder. 
epicyte (ep'is-it) [Gr. end on 4- kotos cell]. 1. The 
membrane which invests a cell. 2. An epithe- 
lial cell. 3. The external protective layer of the 
ectoplasm of a protozobn. 
epicytoma (ep-e-si-to'mah). A malignant epi- 
thelioma. 
epidemic (ep-id-em'ik) [Gr. end on 4- Srjpos people], 
1. Attacking many people in any region at the 
same time; widely diffused and rapidly spreading. 
2. A disease which is widely prevalent in a com- 
munity. 3. A season of the extensive prevalence 
of any particular disease. 
epidemicity (ep"id-em-is'it-e). The quality or 
fact of being epidemic. 
epidemiography (ep"id-em-e-og'raf-e) [epidemic 
4- Gr. ypatpeiv to write]. A treatise upon or an 
account of epidemics. 
epidemiology (ep"id-em-e-ol'o-je) [epidemic 4- 
Gr. Xbyos treatise]. The sum of what is known 
regarding epidemics. 
epiderm (ep'id-erm). Epidermis. 
epidermal, epidermic (ep-id-er'mal, ep"id-er'- 
mik). 1. Pertaining to the epidermis. 2. Same 
as scarlet red. 
epidermatic, epidermatous (ep"e-der-mat'ik, 
ep-e-der'mat-us). Same as epidermal. 
epidermatoplasty (ep-e-der-mat'o-plas-te) [epi- 
dermis 4- Gr. -nXaaaeiv to form]. Skin-grafting 
done with pieces of epidermis with the underlying 
outer layer of the corium. 
epidermidalization (ep-id-er"mid-al-i-za'shun). 
Development of epidermic cells (stratified epithe- 
lium) from mucous cells (columnar epithelium). 
epidermidolysis (ep-e-der-mid-ol'is-is). See epider- 
molysis. 
epidermidosis (ep"id-er-mid-o'sis). Any skin dis- 
ease affecting primarily the epidermis. 
epidermin (ep-id-er'min). A cerate used as a 
vehicle for certain external medicaments. 
epidermis (ep-id-er'mis) [Gr. end on 4- 8eppa skin]. 
The outermost and non-vascular layer of the 
skin; the cuticle or scarf-skin. It is made up 
from without inward of four layers: (i) The 
horny layer (stratum corneum), which consists of 
flattened horny cells; (2) the stratum lucidum, 
or layer of Oehl, consisting of several layers of 
transparent nucleated cells; (3) the stratum granu- 
losum, or layer of Langerhans, composed of flat- 
tened granular cells; and (4) the stratum muco- 
sum (layer of Malpighi, rete mucosum), com- 
posed of rounded or polygonal pigmented cells. 
epidermization (ep"id-er-miz-a'shun). 1. The 
process of covering or of becoming covered with 
epidermis. 2. Skin-grafting. 
epidermoid (ep-id-er'moid). 1. Resembling the 
epidermis. 2. A cerebral or meningeal tumor 
formed by inclusion of epidermal cells from the 
skin or mucous membrane. 
epidermolysis (ep"id er-mol'is-is) [Gr. entbeppis 
skin + Xuais loosening], A loosened state of the 
epidermis, e. bullo'sa, a variety marked by the 
formation of deep-seated bullae, which appear 
after irritation or rubbing of the parts. 
epidermoma (ep-e-der-mo'mah). A cutaneous 
_ outgrowth, such as a wart. 
Epidermophyton (ep-e-der-mof'it-on) (epidermis 
4- Gr. <pvTov plant]. A genus of fungi closely re- 
sembling Trichophyton except that they attack the 
skin rather than the hair. E. cru'ris, E. in- 
guina'le, the cause of tinea cruris or Dhobie 
itch. 
epidermophytosis (ep-e-der-mo-fi-to'sis). Infec- 
tion by fungi of the genus Epidermophyton. e. 
cru'ris. See tinea cruris. 
epidermosis (ep-e-der-mo'sis). A skin disease 
affecting chiefly the epidermis. 
epidiascope (ep-e-di'as-kbp) [Gr. end upon 4- 61a 
through + aKoirelp to view]. A lantern for pro- 
jecting the images of opaque bodies upon a screen 
by reflected or transmitted light. 
epididymal (ep-id-id'im-al). Pertaining to the 
epididymis. 
epididymectomy (ep"id-id-im-ek'to-me) [epidid- 
ymis + Gr. eKTO/ar) excision]. Surgical removal 
of the epididymis. 
epididymis (ep-id-id'im-is) [Gr. Ind on + 8l8vpos 
testis]. An oblong body attached to the upper 
part of each testicle, consisting of a globus major 
and a globus minor-the former composed of 
the convoluted vasa efferentia, and the latter con- 
taining the efferent duct. 
epididymitis (ep"id-id-im-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the epididymis. 
epididymodeferentectomy (ep-e-did"im-o-def- 
er-en-tek'to-me). Excision of the epididymis and 
vas deferens. 
epididymodeferential (ep-e-did"im-o-def-er-en'- 
shal). Pertaining to the epididymis and vas 
deferens. 
epididymo-orchitis (ep"id-id-im-o-or-ki'tis). In- 
flammation of the epididymis and testis. 
epididymotomy (ep"e-did-e-mot'o-me) [epididymis 
+ Gr. Top-q cut]. The operation of making an 
opening into the epididymis. 
epididymo vasostomy (ep-e-did"im-o-vaz-os'to- 
me). The operation of severing the vas deferens 
and suturing the distal part to the epididymis: done 
for sterility due to obstruction of the vas. 
epidural (ep-e-du'ral). Situated upon or outside 
the dura. 
epifascial (ep-e-fash'e-al). Upon the fascia. 
epifolliculitis (ep"e-fol-ik-u-li'tis). Inflammation 
of the hair-follicles. 
Epigsea (ep-e-je'ah) [L.; Gr. erri on + yaia earth]. 
A genus of trailing ericaceous plants. E. re'- EPIGAMOUS 
387 
EPILEPSY 
pens, the trailing arbutus, ground-sweet, or 
May-flower, of North America, is diuretic. Dose 
of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
epigamous (ep-ig'am-us) [Gr. eirl after + yauos 
marriage]. Occurring after conception: a term 
descriptive of the theory that the sex of an embryo 
is determined by factors acting on the embryo dur- 
ing its development. 
epigaster (ep-e-gas'ter) [Gr. eirl upon + yaaryp 
belly]. The hind-gut: the embryonic structure 
whence the colon is formed. 
epigastralgia (ep"e-gas-tral'je-ah) [Gr. erriyda- 
rpcov epigastrium + aXyos pain]. Pain in the 
epigastrium. 
epigastric (ep-e-gas'trik) [Gr. err I on + yaar-qp 
belly]. Pertaining to the epigastrium. 
epigastrium (ep-e-gas'tre-um). The epigastric 
region; the upper middle portion of the abdo- 
men, over or in front of the stomach. 
epigastrius (ep-e-gas'tre-us) [Gr. eTrcydorTpLov epi- 
gastrium]. A double monster in which the para- 
site is small and forms a tumor upon the epigas- 
trium of the autosite. 
epigastrocele (ep-e-gas'tro-sel) [Gr. ciriya<rrpi.ov 
epigastrium + k 97X17 hernia]. Hernia in the epigas- 
tric region. 
epigastrorrhaphy (ep"e-gas-tror'af-e) [epigas- 
trium + Gr. pa.^ suture]. The closure of an 
epigastric wound by stitches. 
epigenesis (ep-e-jen'es-is) [Gr. err I on + genesis]. 
i. Generation by successive formations; the theory 
that development starts from a structureless cell, 
and consists in the successive formation and addi- 
tion of new parts which do not preexist in the fer- 
tilized egg: this theory is opposed to that of evolu- 
tion. 2. An accessory symptom. 
epigenetic (ep"ij-en-et'ik). Pertaining to epi- 
genesis. 
epiglottectomy (ep-e-glot-ek'to-me). Epiglottid- 
ectomy. 
epiglottidean (ep"e-glot-id'e-an). Pertaining to 
the epiglottis. 
epiglottidectomy (ep"e-glot-id-ek'to-me) [epiglot- 
tis + Gr. cK-ropr) excision]. Excision of the epi- 
glottis. 
epiglottiditis (ep"e-glot-id-i'tis). Same as epi- 
glottitis. 
epiglottis (ep-e-glot'is) [Gr. eirl upon + yXarrls 
glottis]. The lid-like structure which covers the 
entrance to the larynx, 
epiglottitis (ep"e-glot-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the epiglottis. 
epignathous (ep-ig'nath-us). Of the nature of an 
epignathus. 
epignathus (ep-ig'nath-us) [Gr. eirl on + yvados 
jaw]. A parasitic monster attached to the jaw 
of an autositic fetus. 
epigonal (ep-ig'on-al) [Gr. eirl on + yov-q seed]. 
Situated on an embryonic germ gland. 
epiguanin (ep-e-gwan'in). One of the alloxur 
bases, C^H^NgC^. 
epihyal bone (ep-e-hi'al) [Gr eirl on + hyoid}. 
The stylohyoid ligament when ossified. 
epilamellar (ep-e-lam-el'ar). Situated outside of 
the basement-membrane. 
epilation (ep-il-a'shun) [L. e out + pi'lus hair]. 
The removal of hair by the roots. 
epilatory (e-pil'a-to-re). 1. Pertaining to the re- 
moval of hairs. 2. An agent which effects the 
destruction of hairs. 
epilemma (ep-e-lem'ah) [Gr. «r£ upon + Xippa 
scale]. The sheath of a terminal nerve-fibril. 
epilemmal (ep-e-lem'al). Relating to the epilemma, 
epilepidoma (ep-e-lep-id-o'mah) [Gr. eirf upon + 
Xeirls rind + -wpa tumor]. A tumor composed of 
hyperplastic tissue derived from the epiblast. 
epilepsia (ep-e-lep'se-ah). See epilepsy, e. cur- 
si'va, epilepsy marked at first by an irresistible 
desire to run. e. gra'vior, haut mal: the more 
violent and typical variety of epilepsy, e. lar- 
va'ta, masked epilepsy: that in which the un- 
conscious stage is very brief, and the movements, 
though automatic, seem to be voluntary, e. 
media, epilepsy of moderate severity, showing 
muscular spasms of tonic character, but without 
clonic spasms following, e. mit'ior, petit mal: 
that in which there are no decided period of uncon- 
sciousness and no obvious spasm, or only a slight 
one. e. partia'lis contin'ua, continuous 
epilepsy. See under epilepsy, e. procur'siva, 
procursive epilepsy, e. ret'inse (Hughlings Jack- 
son), iscffemia retinae, e. tar'da, epilepsy begin- 
ning after the age of thirty; usually due to syphilis 
or brain tumor. 
epilepsy (ep'il-ep-se) [Gr. eiTLX-q^pla seizure]. A 
chronic functional disease characterized by fits 
or attacks in which there is loss of consciousness, 
with a succession of tonic or clonic convulsions 
(Hippocrates). The fit lasts from five to twenty min- 
utes, and the attacks vary greatly in frequency. A 
fit in which there are severe convulsions and loss of 
consciousness, or coma, is termed haut mal or 
grand mal. The mild form, in which vertiginous 
or other sensations take the place of convulsions, 
is termed petit mal. abortive e., petit mal. 
See epilepsy, accelerative e. Same as pro- 
cursive e. Bravais-Jacksonian e., Jacksonian 
epilepsy. Brown-Sequard e., epileptiform con- 
vulsions occurring after experimental injuries of the 
spinal cord in animals, cardiac e., that which 
is accompanied by profound disturbance of the 
heart's actions: probably due to disease of the heart 
or its nerves, continuous e., a rare form of 
epilepsy, marked by characteristic major attacks, 
but also showing at intervals persistent clonic 
movements. Called also epilepsia partialis con- 
tinua. cortical e. Same as jacksonian e. cur- 
sive e., epilepsy marked by an impulse to run. 
delayed e., epilepsy coming on late in life, 
at least after puberty, diurnal e., epilepsy 
in which the attacks come on in the daytime, 
focal e. Same as jacksonian e. gastric 
e., epilepsy caused by gastric irritation, hys- 
teric e., a severe form of hysteric seizure, more 
or less closely approaching the type of a true 
epilepsy, idiopathic e., true or typical epi- 
lepsy. jacksonian e. is marked by localized 
spasm, and is mainly limited to one side and often 
to one group of muscles, consciousness not being 
lost, laryngeal e., laryngeal vertigo. See 
vertigo, latent e., masked e. See epilepsia, 
larvata. matutinal e., epilepsy with attacks 
occurring on waking in the morning, menstrual 
e., epileptic fits associated with menstruation, 
myoclonus e., epilepsy associated with myo- 
clonia and characterized by lightning-like con- 
tractions of parts of muscles. Called also associa- 
tion disease, nocturnal e., a variety in which 
the attack usually occurs at night, often in sleep, 
peripheral e., jacksonian epilepsy, pleural 
e., epileptic attacks brought on by irrigation of the 
pleural cavity, procursive e., a form in which 
the patient runs forward swiftly before falling in a 
fit. psychic e. Same as epilepsia larvata. re- 
flex e., a form due to peripheral irritation, reti- 
nal e., temporary blindness, often occurring in 
epilepsy, retrocursive e., epilepsy in which 
the motor disorder consists in stepping back- 
ward. saturnine e., epileptoid seizures seen in 
connection with lead-poisoning, senile e., senile 
bradycardia, coming on in paroxysms, and resulting 
from coronary sclerosis or from fibrous myocarditis, 
sensory e., a form in which the convulsions are 
replaced by delusions of sense and by hallucina- 
tions: supposed to be due to lesion of the thala- 
mus, and therefore sometimes called thalamic e. 
serial e., epilepsy occurring in frequent attacks, 
sleep e. Same as narcolepsy, spinal e., spas- 
tic paraplegia from lateral sclerosis of the spinal 
cbrd, with tonic spasms followed by clonic ones. EPILEPTIC 
388 
EPIPLOSARCOMPHALOCELE 
symptomatic e., jacksonian epilepsy, tardy 
e., delayed epilepsy, thalamic e., a kind of 
sensory epilepsy from disease of the optic thalamus, 
toxemic e., a form which is due to a toxic influ- 
ence in the blood, traumatic e., epilepsy 
caused by injury, especially injury of the skull. 
epileptic (ep-e-lep'tik) [Gr. eircXTyirrLKos]. 1. Per- 
taining to or affected with epilepsy. 2. A per- 
son affected with epilepsy. 
epilepticoccus (ep-e-lep-tik-ok'us). Same as Ba- 
cillus epilepticus. 
epileptiform (ep-e-lep'te-form) [epilepsy + L. 
for'ma shape]. Resembling epilepsy or its mani- 
festations; recurring in severe and sudden par- 
oxysms. 
epileptogenic, epileptogenous (ep"e-lep-to- 
jen'ik, ep"e-lep-toj'en-us) [epilepsy + Gr. yevvav 
to produce]. Producing epileptic attacks. 
epileptoid (ep-e-lep'toid). Resembling epilepsy; 
epileptiform. 
epileptol (ep-e-lep'tol). A condensation product of 
formamid and formaldehyd, setting free formic 
acid, recommended by Josef Rosenberg for epi- 
lepsy. 
epileptologist (ep-e-lep-tol'o-jist). A practitioner 
who makes a special study of epilepsy. • 
epileptology (ep-e-lep-tol'o-je). The study of 
epilepsy. 
epileptosis (ep-edep-to'sis). Any mental disease 
belonging to the epileptic group (Southard). 
epimandibular (ep"e-man-dib'u-lar) [Gr. eirl on 
+ L. mandib'ulum jaw]. Situated upon the lower 
jaw. 
epimere (ep'e-mer). A part of the mesodermal 
wall of the epicoeloma of the embryo. 
epimerite (ep-e-mer'it) [Gr. eirl upon + pepos 
part]. An organ of certain gregarine protozoa 
by which they are attached to epithelial cells. 
epimorphosis (ep-e-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. eirl upon + 
pop<pq form]. The regeneration of a piece of an 
organism by proliferation at the cut surface. 
Epimys (ep'im-is). A genus of rats. E. norve'gicus 
is the ship rat; E. rat'tus is the plague rat of India. 
epimysium (ep-e-mis'e7um) [Gr. eirl on + pvs 
muscle]. The fibrous sheath of a muscle. 
epinephrectomy (ep-e-nef-rek'to-me). Excision 
of the adrenals; adrenalectomy. 
epinephrin (ep-e-nef'rin) [Gr. eirl upon + vetppbs 
kidney]. The active principle of the medulla of 
the adrenal bodies (suprarenal capsules) whose 
specific action on the system is to slow the heart- 
rate and increase the blood-pressure. It also 
increases the output of sugar in the urine. It is 
■employed in medicine as an astringent and hemo- 
static, and an adjuvant in local anesthesia. In 
pure form it is a crystalline powder, GsH3(OH)2- 
CHOH.CH2NHCH3. Dose of 1 :1000 solution, 
5-30 min. (0.3-2 c.c.) every two or three hours; 
hypodermically, 1-15 min. (0.065-1 c.c.). Locally 
it is used in 1 : 10,000 to 1 : 1000 solution. It is 
usually sold in a solution containing one-tenth of 
1 per cent, of the substance, and appears under 
various trade names as adrenalin, adrin, adnephrin, 
suprarenalin, supracapsulin, paranephrin, etc. e. 
hydrate, adrin. 
epinephrinemia (ep-e-nef-rin-e'me-ah). The pres- 
ence of epinephrin in the blood. 
epinephritis (ep"e-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. eirl upon + 
poppas kidney]. Inflammation of a suprarenal 
body. 
epinephroma (ep"e-nef-ro'mah). Hypernephroma, 
epineural (ep-e-nu'ral). Situated upon a neural 
arch. 
epineurial (ep-e-nu're-al). Pertaining to the epi- 
neurium. 
epineurium (ep-e-nu're-um) [Gr. eirl on + vevpov 
nerve]. The sheath or envelop of a nerve-trunk. 
epinin (ep'in-in). Dihydroxyphenylethylmethyl- 
amin, a proprietary synthetic preparation said to 
have the action of suprarenal extract. 
epionychium (ep"e-o-nik'e-um). See eponychium. 
epiornitic (ep"e-or-nit'ik). Same as epornitic. 
epiosin (ep-e-o'sin). A hypnotic and analgesic 
base, methyl-diphenylene-amido-azol. Dose, 1-2 
gr. (0.065-0.13 gm.). 
epiotic (ep-e-ot'ik) [Gr. eirl over + ous ear]. Situ- 
ated on or above the ear. 
epipastic (ep-e-pas'tik) [Gr. eirl on + iraaaeiv to 
sprinkle]. 1. Suitable for use as a dusting-powder. 
2. A powder to be sprinkled upon the surface of 
the body. 
epipephysitis (ep"e-pef-is-i'tis). Conjunctivitis. 
epiphanin reaction (ep-if'an-in). See under 
reaction. 
epipharynx (ep-e-far'inks). The nasal portion of 
the pharynx. 
epiphenomenon (ep"e-fe-nom'en-on) [Gr. eirl on 
+ <patvbpevov phenomenon]. An accessory, ex- 
ceptional, or accidental occurrence in the course 
of an attack of any disease. 
epiphora (e-pif'o-rah) [Gr. eirupopa downflow]. An 
abnormal overflow of tears down the cheek: 
mainly due to stricture of the lacrimal passages. 
epiphylactic (ep-e-fi-lak'tik). Pertaining to or 
marked by epiphylaxis. 
epiphylaxis (ep-e-fi-lak'sis) [Gr. eirl upon + .puXa^is 
protection]. Increase or reinforcement of normal 
phylaxis. 
epiphyseal, epiphysial (ep-if-iz'e-al). Pertaining 
to or of the nature of an epiphysis. 
epiphyseolysis (ep"e-fiz-e-ol'is-is) [epiphysis + 
Gr. Xucris loosening]. Separation of an epiphysis 
from its bone. 
epiphyseopathy (ep-e-fiz-e-op'ath-e) [epiphysis + 
Gr. irados disease], 1. Any disease of the pineal 
gland. 2. Any disease of an epiphysis of a bone. 
epiphysis (ep-if'is-is) [Gr. eTrlpvais]. 1. [BNA] A 
piece of bone separated from a long bone in early 
life by cartilage, but later becoming a part of the 
larger bone. 2. The pineal gland. Called also 
epiphysis cerebri. See under gland. 
epiphysitis (ep"if-is-i'tis). Inflammation of an 
epiphysis or of the cartilage which separates it 
from the main bone. 
epiphyte (ep'e-fit) [Gr. eirl on + ^vtov plant], 1. 
A plant organism growing upon another plant. 
2. A vegetable organism parasitic upon the ex- 
terior of the human or an animal body. 
epipial (ep-e-pi'al). Situated on the pia. 
epipleural (ep-e-plu'ral). Situated upon a pleural 
element, or pleurapophysis. 
epiplocele (ep-ip'lo-sel) [Gr. etriirXoov omentum + 
KT]Xr) hernia]. A hernia which contains omentum. 
epiplo-enterocele (ep-ip"lo-en'ter-o-sel) [Gr. kirl- 
irXoov omentum + evrepov intestine + kt/Xt) her- 
nia], Hernia containing intestine and omentum. 
epiploic (ep-e-plo'ik). Pertaining to the epiploon, 
epiploitis (ep"ip-lo-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
epiploon. 
epiplomerocele (ep"ip-lo-me'ro-sel) [Gr. k-rrL-KXoov 
omentum + pypos thigh + k 77X77 hernia]. Fem- 
oral hernia containing omentum. 
epiplomphalocele (ep"ip-lom-fal'o-sel) [Gr. &rl- 
ttXoov omentum + bp<paX6s navel + kt/Xt] 
hernia]. Umbilical hernia containing omentum. 
epiploon (ep-ip'lo-on) [Gr. eTriirXoov]. The omen- 
tum: usually the great omentum. 
epiplopexy (e-pip'Io-pek-se) [epiploon + Gr. 
fixation], Suturation of the omentum to the 
abdominal wall for the establishment of collateral 
circulation in cirrhosis of the liver. 
epiplorrhaphy (e-pip-lor'af-e) [Gr. eirt-irXoov omen- 
tum + pacpf suture]. Same as epiplopexy. 
epiplosarcomphalocele (ep-ip"lo-sar-kom-fal'o- 
sel) [Gr. eirlirXoov omentum + aap£ flesh + 6p<pa- EPI PLOSCHEOCELE 
389 
EPITHELIOMA 
Xos navel + k^Xij hernia]. An umbilical hernia 
complicated with a local fleshy excrescence. 
epiploscheocele (ep-ip-los'ke-o-sel) [Gr. eirlirXoov 
omentum + oaxeov scrotum + KrjXrj hernia]. 
Scrotal hernia containing omentum. 
epipygus (ep-e-pi'gus). Same as pygomelus. 
epirotulian (ep-e-ro-tu'le-an) [Gr. eirl upon + L. 
rot'ula patella]. Upon the patella. 
episaccharic acid (ep-e-sak-ar'ik). See under 
acid. 
episarkin (ep-e-sar'kin). One of the alloxur bases, 
C4H6N3O, occurring in the normal urine and the 
urine of leukemia. 
episclera (ep-e-skle'rah). The loose connective 
tissue between the sclera and the conjunctiva. 
episcleral (ep-e-skle'ral). Overlying the sclera. 
episcleritis, episclerotitis (ep"is-kle-ri'tis, ep-e- 
skle-ro-ti'tis). Inflammation of tissues overlying the 
sclera; also inflammation of the outermost layers 
of the sclera, e. partia'lis fu'gax, sudden 
hyperemia of the sclera and overlying conjunctiva, 
lasting a short time. 
episcope (ep'es-kop). i. A projecting lantern for 
throwing images of solid objects on a white screen 
in natural colors. 2. An instrument for examina- 
tion of the surface of objects. 
episioclisia (e-piz"e-o-kliz'e-ah) [Gr. eirlcreiov 
pubes + KXeia is closure]. Surgical closure of the 
vulva. 
episio-elytrorrhaphy (ep-iz"e-o-el-it-ror'af-e) 
[episiorrhaphy + elytrorrhaphy]. The operation 
of narrowing the vulva and vagina to support a 
prolapsed uterus. 
episioperineorrhaphy (ep-iz"e-o-per"in-e-or'- 
af-e). The suturing of the vulva and perineum 
for the support of a prolapsed uterus. 
episioplasty (ep-iz'e-o-plas-te) [Gr. ewi.ae.ov pubes 
+ irXauaeiv to shape]. Plastic surgery of the 
vulva or pubic region. 
episiorrhaphy (ep-iz-e-or'af-e) [Gr. ewtaeov 
pubes 4- suture]. 1. The sewing up of a. 
lacerated perineum. 2. The suturing of the labia 
majora. 
episiostenosis (ep-iz"e-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. kwiaeiov 
pubes 4" arevioais contraction]. The narrowing 
of the vulvar slit. 
episiotomy (ep-iz-e-ot'o-me) [Gr. ewlaeiov pubes 
4- Tour) a cutting]. Surgical incision of the vulvar 
orifice laterally for obstetric purposes (Carl Braun, 
1857). 
epispadia (ep-is-pa'de-ah). Epispadias. 
epispadiac (ep-e-spa'de-ak). 1. Pertaining to or 
affected with epispadias. 2. A person affected with 
epispadias. 
epispadial (ep-e-spa'de-al). Same as epispadiac. 
epispadias (ep-is-pa'de-as) [Gr. erf on 4~ <mraf>wv 
a rent], A congenital defect in which the ure- 
thra opens on the dorsum of the penis, female 
e., a fissure of the upper wall of the female 
urethra. 
epispastic (ep-e-spas'tik) [Gr. eirl on 4- awav to 
draw]. 1. Causing a blister or serous discharge 
from a superficial lesion. 2. A blistering agent. 
epispinal (ep-e-spi'nal). Situated upon the spinal 
cord or the spinal column. 
episplenitis (ep"e-sple-ni'tis) [Gr. ewi on 4- awXi]v 
spleen 4- -it is inflammation]. Inflammation of the 
capsule of the spleen. 
epistasis (ep-is'tas-is) [Gr. ewi on 4- araais a stand- 
ing]. 1. The checking of any discharge, as of 
blood, menses, or lochia. 2. A scum or pellicle, 
as on the surface of urine. 
epistasy (ep-is'tas-e) [Gr. ewi upon 4- ar da is posi- 
tion]. The concealing of one hereditary character 
by another superposed upon it. 
epistatic (ep-e-stat'ik). Superimposed: said of a 
mendelian character which is superimposed upon 
another, hiding the appearance of the latter. 
epistaxis (ep-e-staks'is) [Gr. eirlara^is]. Nose- 
bleed; hemorrhage from the nose. Gull's renal 
e., a disease of middle adult life marked by renal 
hemorrhage, but with no known lesion. Called 
also essential renal hematuria, angioneurotic he- 
maturia, and renal hemophilia. 
episternal (ep-e-ster'nal). Situated on or over the 
sternum. 
episternum (ep-e-ster'num) [Gr. erri on + arepvov 
sternum]. The manubrium, or first piece of the 
sternum. 
epistropheus (ep-e-stro'fe-us). The axis. 
epitarsus (ep-e-tar'sus) [Gr. err! upon 4- tarsus]. 
An anomaly of the eye consisting of a fold of con- 
junctiva passing from the fornix to near the lid- 
border. Called also congenital pterygium. 
epitela (ep-e-te'lah) [Gr. eirl on + L. te'la web]. 
The delicate tissue of Vieussen's valve. 
epitendineum (ep-e-ten-din'e-um). The fibrous 
sheath covering a tendon. 
epitenon (ep-e-te'non) [Gr. kirl upon + revwv 
tendon]. The connective tissue covering a tendon 
within its sheath. 
epithalamic (ep-e-thal-am'ik). Upon the thala- 
mus. * 
epithalamus (ep-e-thal'am-us) [Gr. eirf upon 4- 
thalamus]. That part of the thalamencephalon 
which is composed of the posterior commissure, the 
habenula, and the pineal body. 
epithelia (ep-e-the'le-ah). The epithelial cells or 
the layer which they compose. 
epithelial (ep-e-the'le-al). Pertaining to or com- 
posed of epithelium. 
epithelioblastoma (ep-e-the"le-o-blas-to'mah) 
[epithelium T Gr. fiXauTos cell + -w/za tumor]. 
An epithelial tumor; a tumor made up of epithelial 
cells. The term includes papilloma, adenoma, and 
carcinoma. 
epithelioceptor (ep-e-the"le-o-sept'or). The 
structure in a gland cell which receives a nerve 
stimulus from the end-organ of the nerve-fibril. 
epitheliogenetic (ep-e-the"le-o-jen-et'ik) [epithe- 
lium + Gr. yevvav to produce]. Due to epithelial 
proliferation. 
epithelioglandular (ep-e-the"le-o-glan'du-lar). 
Pertaining to the epithelial cells of a gland. 
epithelioid (ep-e-the'le-oid). Resembling epithe- 
lium. 
epitheliolysin (ep"e-the-le-ol'is-in). A cytolysin 
formed in the serum of an animal when epithe- 
lial cells from an animal of different species are 
injected. The epitheliolysin has the power of de- 
stroying epithelial cells of an animal of the same 
species as that from which the epithelial cells were 
originally taken. 
epitheliolysis (ep"e-the-le-ol'is-is) [epithelium + 
Gr. Aims solution]. Destruction of epithelial 
cells by epitheliolysins. 
epitheliolytic (ep-e-the"le-o-lit'ik). Causing de- 
struction of epithelial tissue. 
epithelioma (ep"e-the-le-o'mah). An epithelial 
cancer; a malignant tumor consisting mainly of 
epithelial cells and primarily derived from the skin 
or mucous surface. See carcinoma, e. adaman- 
ti'num. See adamantinoma, e. adenoi'des 
cys'ticum, spiradenoma. columnar e., cyl- 
indric e., is composed of columnar cells ar- 
ranged in gland-like tubules, e. contagio'sum, 
a contagious disease of birds characterized by 
the formation of nodules that contain glistening 
corpuscles. Called also fowl-pox and sore head. 
diffuse e., a variety in which the adjacent 
tissue is infiltrated with the malignant cells, 
glandular e., a variety consisting of gland- 
cells and affecting mucous surfaces. e. mol- 
lus'cum. Same as molluscum epitheliale. mul- 
tiple benign cystic e. Same as spirade- 
noma. e. myxomato'des psammo'sum, a EPITHELIOMATOUS 
390 
EQUATION 
form occurring in the third ventricle of the brain, 
composed of myxoma-like tissue containing hard, 
granular matter, suprarenal e., a hyperneph- 
roma. 
epitheliomatous (ep"ith-e-le-o'mat-us). Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of epithelioma. 
epitheliomuscular (ep-e-the"le-o-mus'ku-lar). 
Composed of epithelium and muscle. 
epitheliosis (ep-e-the-le-o'sis). Proliferation of the 
epithelium of the conjunctiva, e. desquamati'- 
va conjuncti'vae, a condition resembling tra- 
choma occurring in the Samoan Islands. 
epithelio toxin. (ep-e-the"le-o-tok'sin). A cyto- 
toxin which destroys epithelial cells. 
epithelium (ep-ith-e'le-um) [Gr. eiri on + 
nipple]. The covering of the skin and mucous 
membranes, consisting wholly of cells of varying 
form and arrangement (Henle, 1837). Epithelium 
is derived from the epiblast and the hypoblast. The 
four principal varieties, named according to the 
shape of the cells, are columnar, modified, special- 
ized, and squamous. Columnar and squamous 
epithelium are either simple or stratified; modi- 
fied epithelium includes the ciliated, goblet, and 
pigmented varieties. Specialized epithelium in- 
cludes glandular e. and neuro-epit helium. The 
columnar and squamous varieties are polyhedral, 
pavement, or tessellated, cubic e., epithelium 
the cells of which have a cubic shape, germinal 
e., a layer of epithelial cells along each side of the 
mesentery of the primitive intestinal tube. It de- 
velops into the sperm cells in the male and into a 
mass of cells over the ovary in the female, gland- 
ular e., epithelium made up of glandular or se- 
creting cells, laminated e. Same as stratified 
e. nucleated e., a form made up of hexagonal 
or circular nucleated cells, pavement e., epi- 
thelium composed of a single layer of flat cells, pig- 
mentary e., pigmented e., epithelium contain- 
ing granules of pigment, protective e., epithe- 
lium that forms a protective covering, as the epider- 
mis. pyramidale., columnar epithelium, rod-e., 
epithelium the cells of which are rod shaped, sense- 
e., sensory e., epithelium having relation with 
a special sense-organ; neuro-epithelium. strat- 
ified e., epithelium in which the cells are arranged 
in several layers, subcapsular e. i. The inter- 
nal lining of the capsule of the spinal ganglion. 2. A 
single layer of epithelial cells over the posterior 
surface of the anterior capsule of the lens, tailed 
e., the transitional epithelium seen in cases of 
pyelitis and pyelonephritis, tessellated e., 
the simplest form in which the flattened cells 
overlap one another at the edges, transitional 
e., epithelium composed of cells in layers of dif- 
ferent kinds, each of which represents a transition 
to the layer adjoining. 
epithelization (ep-e-the-liz-a'shun). Conversion 
into epithelium. 
epithem (ep'ith-em) [Gr. eiri on + -rcGevau to place]. 
Any poultice, embrocation or external applica- 
tion other than ointment, bl(ster, salve, or plaster. 
epithermol (ep-e-ther'mol). Amido-azotoluol. 
epithesis (ep-ith'e-sis) [Gr. eirldeais]. 1. The 
surgical correction of deformity or of crooked 
limbs. 2. A splint or other appliance to be worn, 
epitonic (ep-e-ton'ik) [Gr. eirirovos strained]. Ab- 
normally tense or tonic; exhibiting an abnormal 
degree of tension or of tone. 
epitoxoid (ep-e-toks'oid). Any toxoid which has 
less affinity for an antitoxin than the toxin has. 
See toxoid. 
epitoxonoid (ep-e-toks'o-noid). A toxonoid which 
has the least affinity for its corresponding antitoxin. 
epitrichium (ep-e-trik'e-um) [Gr. eiri on + rpixiov 
hair]. The large-celled outer layer of the em- 
bryonic and fetal epidermis; a membrane which 
overlies the epidermis and hair during fetal life, 
and generally disappears before birth. 
epitrochlea (ep-e-trok'le-ah) [Gr.eTri on+rpoxo-Xia 
pulley]. The inner condyle of the humerus. 
epiturbinate (ep-e-ter'bin-at). The soft tissue 
covering the turbinate bone. 
epitympanic (ep"e-tim-pan'ik). Situated upon or 
over the tympanum. 
epitympanum (ep-e-tim'pan-um). The attic. 
epityphlitis (ep"e-tif-li'tis) [Gr. on + rvvXbv 
cecum + -ins inflammation}. Same as appendicitis. 
epityphlon (ep-e-ti'flon) [Gr. eiri upon + TvyXbv 
cecum]. The vermiform appendix. 
epizoic (ep-e-zo'ik). Parasitic on the exterior of 
the body. 
epizoicide (ep-e-zo'is-id) [epizoa + L. cae'dere to 
kill]. An agent which destroys epizoa. 
epizoology (ep-e-zo-ol'o-je) [epizootic + Gr. Xbyos 
treatise]. The study of epidemic diseases among 
animals. 
epizoon (ep-e-zo'on), pl! epizo'a [Gr. eiri on + {Qov 
animal]. An animal parasite upon the exterior 
of the body. 
epizootic (ep"e-zo-ot'ik) [Gr. eiri on + ^Vov ani- 
mal]. i. Occurring as an epidemic disease among 
animals. 2. A disease of animals, rapidly spread- 
ing and widely diffused. 
epluchage (a-plesh-azh') [Fr. "paring"]. Wound 
excision; the cutting and paring away of the con- 
tused and contaminated tissues of a wound. Cf. 
debridement. 
epocol (e'po-kol). A creosote preparation, used in 
diseases of the respiratory tract and in infections. 
Dose, 15-100 min. (1-8 c.c.). 
eponychium (ep-o-nik'e-um) [Gr. eiri on + 6w^ 
nail]. 1. The horny embryonic structure whence 
the nail is developed. 2. The nail-skin: a film of 
epidermis which covers the body of the nail for 
a limited distance. 
eponym (ep'o-nim). A name for a part, organ, dis- 
ease, or other thing derived from the name of a 
person. 
eponymic (ep-o-nim'ik) [Gr. eirwvvpos]. Named 
from some person. 
epoophorectomy (ep"o-o-fo-rek'to-me) [Gr. eiri on 
+ Qotpopov ovary + excision]. Surgical re- 
moval of the parovarium. 
epoophoron (ep-o-of'o-ron) [Gr. eiri on + wotpopov 
ovary]. The parovarium, or body of* Rosen- 
muller. 
epornitic (ep-or-nit'ik) [Gr. eiri upon + opviOos 
bird]. An epidemic affecting fowls. 
Epsom salt (ep'sum). Magnesium sulphate: ca- 
thartic. See under salt. 
Epstein's pearls (ep'stinz) [Alois Epstein, a pedi- 
atrist in Prague, 1849-1918].' See under pearl. 
epulis (ep-u'lis) [Gr. eiri on + ovXov gum], A 
fibrous tumor of the gums, usually seated on the 
periosteum or bone of the jaw. malignant e., 
giant-cell sarcoma of the jaw. 
epulo-erectile (ep"u-lo-e-rek'til). Both epuloid 
and erectile. 
epuloflbroma (ep"u-lo-fi-bro'mah). A fibroma of 
the gum. 
epuloid (ep'u-loid). Resembling an epulis, 
epulosis (ep-u-lo'sis) [Gr.]. Cicatrization, 
epulotic (ep-u-lot'ik). Promoting cicatrization, 
equate (e'kwat). To make equal or equivalent. In 
color vision, the physiologic faculty of combining 
two colors to match a third, as to combine red and 
green to make a homogeneous yellow. 
equation (e-kwa'shun) [L. cequa'tio, from cequa're 
to make equal]. An expression made up of two 
members connected by the sign of equality, =. 
chemic e., an equation which expresses a 
chemic reaction, the symbols on the left of the 
equation denoting the substances before, and 
those on the right after, the reaction, personal 
e., the more or less constant difference between 
the results of observation depending upon the 
personal qualities of observers. EQUATOR 
391 
ERGAMIN 
equator (e-kwa'tor) [L. cequa'lor equalizer]. A 
great circle; a line which divides the surface of 
a spheroid organ, as the eye, into two nearly 
equal parts, e. of a cell, the plane which divides 
a cell or its boundary, e. of the eye, the circle 
ot plane which divides the eye into anterior and 
posterior halves, nervous e., that section of a 
muscle in which the common center of gravity 
of all the nerve-endings would fall if these last 
have a certain uniform equilibrium. In the fore- 
arm it lies near the elbow. 
equiaxial (e-kwe-aks'e-al). Having axes of the 
same length. 
equilibrating operation (e-kwil'ib-ra-ting). Ten- 
otomy of a healthy eye-muscle when its an- 
tagonist is affected with paresis. 
equilibration (e-kwe-li-bra'shun). Maintenance 
or restoration of normal equilibrium. 
equilibrium (e-kwe-lib're-um) [L. a'quus, equal 
+ li'bra balance]. A state of balance or equi- 
poise; a condition in which opposing forces ex- 
actly counteract each other, body e., the condi- 
tion in which the material taken into the body are 
balanced by corresponding excretions, carbon 
e., the condition in which the total carbon of the 
excreta is balanced by the carbon of the food, ni- 
trogen e., nitrogenous e., the condition in 
which the body is metabolizing and excreting as 
much nitrogen as it is receiving in the food; called 
also protein e. nutritive e. Same as physiologic 
e. physiologic e., the condition in which the 
amount of material taken into the body exactly 
equals the amount discharged, protein e., nitro- 
gen equilibrium. 
equination (e-kwin-a'shun) [L. equin'us equine]. 
Inoculation with the virus of horse-pox. 
equinia (e-kwin'e-ah) [L. e'quus horse]. See 
glanders, e. mi'tis, a mild form of glanders 
sometimes seen in man and contracted from 
horses. 
equinism (e'kwin-izm). A horse-like gait result- 
ing from gunshot wounds of the legs. 
equinovarus (e-kwi"no-va'rus). A blending of 
pes equinus with pes varus. 
equinus (e-kwi'nus). Same as talipes equinus. 
equisetum (e-kwi-se'tum). A common weed, E. 
arven'se, horsetail or jointed rush. It causes a 
form of poisoning in horses who eat it with hay. 
equivalence (e-kwiyal-ens). 1. The condition of 
being equivalent. 2. Quantivalence; the amount 
of hydrogen which a chemic element can re- 
place in a compound. 
equivalent (e-kwiv'al-ent) [L. aquitfdiens, from 
ce'quus equal + vale're to be worth]. 1. Having 
the same value; neutralizing or counterbalancing 
each other. 2. A number showing the amount 
of one thing which will in its effects just balance 
another, balano therapeutic e., the amount 
of the chemical constituents of a mineral water 
which must be taken by an adult in twenty-four 
hours in order to get the desired therapeutic effect 
(Kisch). chemic e., the weight of an element 
capable of combining with a unit weight of hy- 
drogen. combustion e., the heat value of a 
gram of fat or carbohydrate burnt outside the body. 
It measures the amount of potential energy of the 
substance available, in the form of food, for the 
production of heat or the supply of energy, en- 
dosmotic e., the number which represents the 
quantity of water that will pass through a dia- 
phragm by endosmosis in the same time that a unit 
of any other given substance will pass in the other 
direction by exosmosis, epileptic e., a disturb- 
ance, mental or bodily, that may take the place of 
an epileptic attack, gold e., the amount of pro- 
tective colloid, expressed in milligrams, which is 
just enough to prevent the precipitation of 10 c.c. 
of a 0.0055 per cent, gold solution by 1 c.c. of a 10 
per cent, sodium chlorid solution, isodynamic 
e., the ratio, from a food-energy standpoint, be- 
tween carbohydrate and fat. It is 9.3 to 4.1 or 2.3 
to 1; that is, one part of fat is equivalent to 2.3 
parts of sugar or starch. Joule's e., the mechanic 
equivalent of heat or the amount of work expended 
in raising a pound of water through i° F.; 772 foot- 
pounds. psychic e., a temporary mental dis- 
turbance which occurs in place of an ordinary 
epileptic attack, starch e., a number (nearly 
2.4) expressing the amount of oxygen which a 
given weight of fat will require for its complete 
combustion as compared with the amount re- 
quired by the same weight of starch, toxic e., 
the amount of poison able to kill one kilogram 
of animal, water e., the product of the weight 
of an animal by its specific heat, it being also the 
number which represents the specific heat of an 
equal weight of water. 
Er. Symbol of erbium. 
E. R. Abbreviation for external resistance. 
erasion (e-ra'zhun) [L. era'sio]. Removal by 
scraping away. e. of a joint, arthrectomy. 
Erasistratus (er-as-is'trat-us). A celebrated Greek 
anatomist and physician who practised chiefly at 
Alexandria. He was born, it is believed, about 
300 b. c. and died about 250 b. c. 
Erb's atrophy, paralysis, point, etc. [Wilhelm 
Heinrich Erb, physician in Heidelburg, 1840-1921]. 
See atrophy, paralysis, point, etc. 
Erb-Charcot disease. Spastic spinal paralysis. 
Erb-Goldflam disease. Myasthenia gravis pseu- 
doparalytica. 
Erben's phenomenon (er'benz) [Siegmund Erben, 
physician in Vienna, born 1863]. See phenomenon. 
erbium (er'be-um). A rare metallic element: sym- 
bol, Er; atomic weight, 167.7. 
Erdmann's reagent (erd'manz) [German chemist, 
born 1862]. See reagent. 
ferdol (er'dol). Quinolin salicylate: used in rheuma- 
tism. 
erectile (e-rek'til). Capable of erection, e. tissue. 
See tissue. 
erection (e-rek'shun) [L. erec'tio}. The condition 
of being made rigid and elevated. 
erector (e-rek'tor) [L.]. A muscle which pro- 
duces erections or which holds up a part. e. 
pi'li. See arrectores pilorum. 
eremacausis (er"em-ak-aw'sis) [Gr. ^pepa slowly 
+ Kavacs burning]. The slow oxidation, com- 
bustion, or decay of organic matter. 
eremophobia (er-e-mo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. epqpos soli- 
tary + <po^os fear]. Morbid fear of being alone. 
erepsin (e-rep'sin). A ferment of the intestinal 
mucous membrane which breaks up peptones and 
deutero-albumins, but has no effect on unaltered 
albumin. 
ereptase (e-rep'tas). Same as erepsin. 
ereptic (e-rep'tik). Pertaining to or containing 
erepsin. 
erepton (e-rep'ton). A proprietary preparation 
obtained by the action of intestinal and pancreatic 
ferments on fat-free meat: used for rectal enemata. 
erethin (er'eth-in) [Gr. epeOi^av to irritate]. The 
poisonous principle of tuberculin. 
erethism (er'e-thizm). [Gr. epedcapa stimulation]. 
Excessive irritability or sensibility. 
erethismic (er-e-thiz'mik). Pertaining to erethism, 
erethistic (er-e-this'tik) [Gr. epeOiariKos]. 1. Per- 
taining to or affected with erethism. 2. Provo- 
cative of or increasing irritation. 
eruth-. For words beginning thus, see eryth-. 
ereuthrophobia (er"uth-ro-fo'be-ah). Erythro- 
phobia. 
erg (erg) [Gr. epyov work], A unit of work; the 
work done in moving a body one centimeter 
against a force of one dyne. 
ergamin (er'gam-in). See histamin. ERGAPIOL 
392 
EROTOMANIA 
ergapiol (er-ga'pe-ol). A proprietary remedy con- 
taining apiol (5 parts), ergotin (1 part), oil of 
savin (5 part), aloin (| part): used in disorders of 
menstruation. Dose, 7-14 min. (0.45-0.9 c.c.), in 
capsules. 
ergasiomania (er-gas"e-0-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. epyacrla 
work + pavla madness]. An insane desire to be 
continually at work; also, extreme eagerness to 
perform operations. 
ergasiophobia (er-gas"e-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. epyaala 
work + <pb(dos fear]. Morbid aversion to work; also 
extreme timidity as to operating surgically. 
ergasthenia (er-gas-the'ne-ah) [Gr. epyov work + 
dadeveca weakness]. A condition of debility from 
overwork. 
ergastoplasm (er-gas'to-plazm) [Gr. epyov work + 
plasm]. Same as kinoplasm. 
ergin (er'gin) [Gr. epyov work], A substance sup- 
posed to be present in the body fluids which unites 
with the allergin of the infecting matter to produce 
allergy. 
ergo-apiol (er-go-a'pe-ol). Ergapiol. 
ergochrysin (er-go-kri'sin). A principle from 
ergot: combined with sphacelotoxin it forms 
chrysotoxin; with secalin it forms secalintoxin. 
ergo-esthesiograph (er"go-es-the'se-o-graf) [Gr. 
epyov work + aia6r]ais sensation + ypd<petv to 
record]. An apparatus for recording graphically 
the muscular aptitude of candidates for aviation. 
ergograph (er'go-graf) [Gr. epyov work + ypd<peiv 
to record]. An instrument for recording work 
done in muscular exertion. Mosso's e. (1890), an 
apparatus for recording the force and frequency of 
flexion of the fingers. 
ergographic (er-go-graf'ik). Pertaining to the ergo- 
graph. 
ergomania (er-go-ma'ne-ah). Ergosiomania. 
ergometer (er-gom'et-er) [Gr. epyov work + 
perpov measure]. A dynamometer. 
er gone (er'gon). A non-irritating sterile prepara- 
tion of ergot. 
ergophobia (er-go-fo'be-ah) [Gr. epyov work+<p6/3o$ 
fear]. Morbid dread of work. 
ergophore (er'go-for) [Gr. epyov work + <pbpos 
bearing]. Same as toxophore. 
ergoplasm (er'go-plazm). Same as kinoplasm. 
ergosol (er'go-sol). A proprietary fluidextract of 
ergot. 
ergostat (er'go-stat). A machine to be worked 
for muscular exercise, for the cure of obesity, etc. 
ergosterin (er-gos'ter-in). A compound, C26H40- 
O.H2O, from ergot of rye. 
ergot (er'got) [Fr.; L. er'goto}. 1. Any fungus which 
affects and finally replaces the seed of a cereal 
grass: especially the sclerotium of Clai'iceps 
purpu'rea, ergot of rye. Ergot contracts 
the arterioles and unstriped muscle-fibers, and 
is a powerful ecbolic and hemostatic. It is used 
to check hemorrhage after parturition; to hasten 
labor; to arrest internal hemorrhage; in spinal 
and cerebral congestion; in paralysis of the 
bladder, and diabetes mellitus. Dose of aque- 
ous and alcoholic extracts, 1J-8 min. (0.099-0.53 
c.c.); of fluidextract, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.); of 
wine, 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.). ,2. A small mass of horn 
in the tuft of hair at the flexion surface of the fet- 
lock in horses. 
ergotamin (er-go-tam'in). One of the alkaloids of 
ergot. Dose, 0.12-0.25 mg. by intravenous ad- 
ministration. 
ergotherapy (er-go-ther'ap-e) [Gr. epyov work + 
Oepairela treatment]. Treatment of disease by 
physical effort. 
ergothionone (er"go-thi'o-non). A sulphur-con- 
taining base obtained from ergot. 
ergotin (er'go-tin) [L. ergoti'num]. One of the 
alkaloids of ergot; also a proprietary ergotin 
preparation. Dose of alkaloid, ^5-5 gr. (0.0042- 
0.033. gm.); of extract, 3-15 gr. (0.2-1 gm.). 
Bonjean's e., a purified extract of ergot. 
ergotinin (er-got'in-in). An alkaloid, C35H40N4O6, 
one of the active principles of ergot. Styptic 
dose, 1V-4 gr. (0.005-0.016 gm.), e. citrate is 
used like ergot. Dose, 2 Jq-iio gr. (0.00033-0.00066 
gm.). 
ergotinol (er-got'in-ol). A proprietary ammoni- 
ated solution of ergotin. 
ergotism (er'got-izm). Chronic poisoning from 
excessive or misdirected use of ergot as a med- 
icine, or from eating ergotized grain. It is marked 
by cerebrospinal symptoms, spasms, and cramps, 
or by a kind of dry gangrene. 
ergotized (er'got-izd). Diseased or otherwise 
affected by ergot. 
ergotol (er'got-ol). A liquid preparation of ergot 
for hypodermic use. Dose, 5-20 min. (0.33- 
1.33 c.c.). 
ergotoxin (er-go-tok'sin). An alkaloid, C35H41O6- 
N5, from ergot. 
ergoxanthein (er-go-zan-the'in). A proprietary 
ergot derivative said to have an effect on the blood- 
pressure. 
Erichsen's disease, ligature (er'ik-senz) [John 
Erichsen, English surgeon, 1818-1896]. See under 
disease, ligature. 
ericin (er'is-in). Mesotan. 
Erigeron (e-rij'er-on) [Gr. early old]. 
Fleabane; a genus of composite-flowered plants. 
The leaves and tops of E. canaden'sis, E. phila- 
del'phicus, etc., are diuretic, and are used in 
urinary diseases, dropsy, irritation of the bladder, 
gonorrhea, etc. Dose of fluidextract of E. cana- 
den'sis, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). oil of e., a dense, 
yellow, hemostatic oil from E. canaden'sis. Dose, 
8-15 min. (0.533-1 c.c.). 
Eriodictyon (er"e-o-dik'te-on) [Gr. eptov wool + 
6'lktvov net] A genus of hydrophyllaceous plants. 
E. calif or' nicum, yerba santa, or mountain-balm, 
is useful in bronchitis. Dose of fluidextract, 15- 
30 min. (1-2 c.c.); of solid extract, 25-7^ gr. 
(0.16-0.45 gm.). 
erisiphake (er-is-if'ak-e). Barrequer's apparatus 
for removing the lens in cataract by suction. 
Erndtefieber (ern'te-fe-ber) [Ger. for "harvest- 
fever"]. Same as Schlammfieber. 
ernutin (er-nu'tin). A proprietary preparation 
said to represent the active therapeutic principle 
of ergot. 
eronimin (er-on'im-in). An agent in colorless 
crystals: used like digitalin. Dose, f gr. (0.05 
gm.). 
erose (e-ros') [L. ero'dere to gnaw off]. Gnawed; 
having an irregularly toothed edge. 
erosin (e-ro'sin). A golden-brown, crystalline 
substance derived from Chadam'icum lu'teum. 
It is tonic, diuretic, And vermifuge. 
erosion (e-ro'zhun) [L.. ero'sio, from ero'dere to 
eat out]. An eating or gnawing away; a kind 
of ulceration. In dentistry, the wearing away or 
loss of substance of a tooth, upon surfaces free from 
attrition by mastication, beginning in the enamel 
and slowly spreading inward. 
erosive (e-ro'siv). 1. Causing or characterized 
by erosion. 2. An eroding agent. 
erotic (e-rot'ik) [Gr. epwrcKbs]. Pertaining to love 
or to lust. 
eroticism, erotism (er-ot'is-izm, er'ot-izm). A 
morbid sexual instinct or desire, anal e., sexual 
sensation from the anus in connection with def- 
ecation. 
eroticomania (er-ot"ik-o-ma'ne-ah). Same as 
erotomania. 
erotogenic (e-rot-o-jen'ik) [Gr. ipus love + yevvav 
to produce]. Producing erotic feelings. 
erotomania (e-rot-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. epws love + 
mania]. Emotional insanity characterized by EROTOMANIAC 
393 
ERYTHEMA 
exhibitions of extravagant affection for persons 
of the opposite sex, or by exhibitions of sexual 
desire. 
erotomaniac (e-rot-o-ma'ne-ak). A person af- 
fected with erotomania. 
erotopath (e-rot'o-path). A person with disor- 
dered sexual impulse. 
erotopathy (er-o-top'ath-e) [Gr. epa>s love + irddos 
disease]. Disorder of the sexual impulse. 
erotophobia (e-rot-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. epees love + 
<po/3os fear]. Morbid dislike for sexual love. 
erotopsychic (e-rot-o-si'kik) [Gr. epees love + 
foxy mind]. Marked by perversion of the sexual 
impulse. 
erotosexual (er-ot-o-seks'u-al). Pertaining to the 
genesic impulse. 
erpiol (er'pe-ol). A proprietary preparation of 
apiol, ergotin, and gossypiin; used in dysmenor- 
rhea and amenorrhea. 
erratic (er-at'ik) [L. erra're to wander]. i. Roving 
or wandering. 2. Eccentric; of an unusual type. 
errhine (er'in) [Gr. ev in + pls nose]. 1. Sternu- 
tatory: promoting a nasal discharge. 2. A med- 
icine which promotes nasal discharge or secre- 
tion. 
erseol (er-se'ol). A white, crystalline compound, 
quinolin sulphosalicylate, used ?n rheumatism, in- 
fluenza, and neuralgia. 
erubescence (er-u-bes'ens) [L. erubes'cere to grow 
red], A flushing of the skin. 
erucic acid (e-ru'sik). See under acid. 
eructation (e-ruk-ta'shun) [L. eructa'tio, from 
eructa're to belch]. The act of belching, or of 
casting up wind from the stomach. 
eruption (e-rup'shun) [L. erup'tio a breaking out]. 
1. The act of breaking out, appearing, or becom- 
ing visible. 2. A visible lesion of the skin due to 
disease, and marked by redness, prominence, or 
both, bullous e., an eruption of large blebs or 
blisters, creeping e., a peculiar skin eruption 
having the feature of traversing the surface and due 
to the presence of a parasitic larva (probably of the 
genus Gastrophilus), which burrows beneath the 
skin. Called also hyponomoderma, larva migrans, 
and dermamyiasis linearis migrans oestrosa. crus- 
taceous e., an eruption consisting of crusts, 
drug-e. See dermatitis medicamentosa, ery- 
thematous e., an eruption consisting of patches 
of redness, iodin e., an eruption on the skin 
resulting from the internal use of iodin. macu- 
lar e., an eruption in the form of spots, and 
due to hemorrhage, congestion, or pigmen- 
tation. medicinal e., an eruption due to 
the ingestion of medicines; a drug-eruption, 
papular e., an eruption of small solid elevations, 
petechial e., an eruption in spots, due to hem- 
orrhage. pustular e., an eruption of pustules, 
scaly e., squamous e., an eruption consisting 
of scales, serum e., an eruption or exanthem 
following the injection of a serum, tubercular 
e., an eruption of large elevations. 
eruptive (e-rup'tiv). Pertaining to or character- 
ized by eruption. 
ervasin (er'vas-in). Acetylcresotinic acid, CH3.Ce- 
HsfO.CO.CHsj.COOH, a crystalline compound 
used in rheumatism. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.2 
gm.). 
Erwinia (er-win'e-ah). A genus of bacterial organ- 
isms pathogenic for plants. 
erysimin (er-is-im'in). A glucosid from the seeds 
of a plant, Erys'imum au/eum: used like digi- 
talis. 
erysipelas (er-is-ip'el-as) [Gr. epvOpos red + sreWa 
skin]. An acute febrile, somewhat contagious 
disease, due to the presence of the hemolytic strep- 
tococcus (Streptococcus erysipelatis'), and marked by 
chill, fever, and intense local redness of the skin and 
mucous membranes. The eruption, which be- 
gins on the first or second day, consists of dark- 
red, spreading patches of erythema, with edema 
and infiltration of the underlying tissues. The 
affected parts become swollen and painful, and 
there are intense itching and burning. The erup- 
tion begins to disappear about the fourth day, 
and the patient begins to convalesce after eight 
days. The disease is frequently complicated by 
the presence of suppression of urine, albumin- 
uria, pyemia, and edema of the glottis. Idiopathic 
erysipelas generally ends in recovery; but the 
traumatic and phlegmonous varieties are often 
fatal, and the gangrenous is always so. ambu- 
lant e. is marked by the eruption recurring at vari- 
ous points, facial e., erysipelas that affects the 
face, which is marked by an area of swelling, 
redness, and itching, gangrenous e., a variety 
which is characterized by sloughing. It is always 
fatal. e. gra've inter'num, erysipelas in the 
vagina, uterus, and peritoneum: a form of puer- 
peral fever, idiopathic e., that which does not 
follow a trauma. It occurs usually on the face 
or scalp, and follows the usual mild course, in- 
variably ending in recovery unless complicated 
with some other affection, malignant e., one of 
the forms of puerperal fever, migrant e., a form 
in which the morbid process disappears succes- 
sively from various parts of the body, to reappear 
elsewhere. Called also wandering e. e, perz- 
stans, an erysipelas-like eruption sometimes seen 
in conjunction with lupus erythematosus, phleg- 
monous e., that which is marked by subcutaneous 
suppuration, e. pustulo'sum, vesicular erysip- 
elas in which the vesicles become filled with pus. 
recurrent e., a mild form, chiefly facial, and 
prone to recur: considered by some a pseudo- 
erysipelas. relapsing e., a chronic type of ery- 
sipelatous disease, often associated with deep- 
seated suppuration, surgical e., traumatic 
e., follows a wound or surgical operation, swine- 
e., a contagious disease of young swine attended 
with fever and the formation of red blotches on 
the neck and body. Called also rouget du pore and 
red fever of swine, e. toxin, a toxin obtained from 
cultures of the Streptococcus erysipel'atis, and used 
in treating malignant growths, e. verruco'sum, 
erysipelas having a warty appearance, e. vesicu- 
lo'sum, a variety marked by vesicles or bullae, 
wandering e. See migrant e. white e., edema 
of an erysipelatous nature, but without apparent 
dilatation of the blood-vessels, zoonotic e. 
Same as erysipeloid. 
erysipelatous (er"is-ip-el'at-us). Pertaining to 
or of the nature of erysipelas. 
erysipelococcus (er-is-ip"el-o-kok'us). The strep- 
tococcus of erysipelas. 
erysipeloid (er-is-ip'el-oid) [erysipelas + Gr. elbos 
form]. An infective dermatitis due to the absorp- 
tion of putrescent animal matter by the skin: it 
resembles erysipelas, but is without fever. It is 
caused by Streptothrix rosenbachii. 
Erysipelothrix (er-is-ip'el-o-thrix). A genus of 
bacterial organisms. They are Gram-positive 
micro-aerophilic, non-motile, non-sporogenic, us- 
ually parasitic, rod-shaped organisms forming long 
threads which may show branching. E. erysip- 
el'atos-su'is, the organism which causes the 
erysipelas of swine. Called also Bacillus erysip- 
elatos-suis, B. murisepticus, B. minimus, B. rhusio- 
pathice-suis, bacillus of swine plague, Erysipelothrix 
porci, and Mycobacterium rhusiopathia. 
erysipelotoxin (er-is-ip"el-o-tok'sin). The toxin 
of erysipelas. 
erythema (er-ith-e'mah) [L., from Gr. epvdrjua 
redness], A morbid redness of the skin of many 
varieties, due to congestion of the capillaries; 
rose-rash, acrodynic e., a form characterized 
by red spots on the hands and soles, due to a 
toxic action upon the spinal cord. e. annu- 
la're, a form with rounded lesions, each with a 
raised margin, e. calor'icum, a form result- 
ing from exposure to heat or cold, or both; also 
to exposure to the chemic rays of light, e. cir- ERYTHEMATOUS 
394 
ERYTHROCYTE 
cina'tum, erythema multiforme marked by cir- 
cular grouping of the lesions, e. congesti'vum, 
a variety with congestion of the skin. Called 
also simple e. e. eleva'tum diu'tinum, 
erythema having firm, persistent, nodular eleva- 
tions. frost-e., dark patches on the skin of those 
who have been frozen to death (Ogston). e. gyra'- 
tum, erythema in which the lesions occur in over- 
lapping rings. Hutinel's e., erythema in- 
fectiosum. e. hyperae'micum. Same as e. sim- 
plex. e. indura'tum, a rare disease, marked by 
one or more deep-seated nodules, generally on the 
legs. The nodules enlarge, becoming red, violaceous, 
or livid in color. The indurations may break 
down, resulting in an indolent, deep-seated 
ulcer, e. infectio'sum, a mildly contagious 
disease, sometimes occurring in epidemics, and 
marked by a rose-colored maculopapular rash. It 
occurs chiefly between the ages of four and twelve. 
Called also fifth disease, inflammatory e., any 
form of erythema in which dermatitis is a pro- 
nounced feature, e. intertri'go, intertrigo, e. 
i'ris, erythema in which the eruption forms in 
concentric rings, e. margina'tum, erythema 
occurring in round patches with elevated edges, 
e. multifor'me, an acute skin disease with vari- 
ously formed papules, tubercles, and macules, which 
last for several days and are attended with slight 
burning and itching. The disease is accompanied 
by headache and gouty pains, and results from 
rheumatic or gouty states, from disturbances of 
digestion, etc. The lesions may appear as sepa- 
rate rings (e. annula're), as concentric rings (e. 
i'ris), in disk-shaped patches with elevated edges 
(e. margina'tum), or in a variously figured ar- 
rangement (e. figura'tum). e. neonato'rum, 
a diffuse redness of the skin of a very young 
infant: usually temporary, e. nodo'sum, an 
acute inflammatory skin disease marked by ten- 
der red nodules, due to exudation of blood 
and serum, and accompanied by intense itching 
and burning. The lesions appear in successive 
patches, and the disease lasts several weeks, e. 
nodo'sum syphiliticum, a condition resem- 
bling erythema nodosum, being a malignant form 
of syphilis: called also Mauriac's disease, e. 
paratrim'ma, a skin inflammation, the first 
stage of an incipient bed-sore. e. per'nio, chil- 
blain. e. per'stans, erythema in which the 
eruption is permanent or nearly so. e. pu- 
dicit'iae, morbid flushing, e. scarlatini- 
for'me, a febrile affection attended with a 
rash much resembling that of scarlatina: it is 
liable to frequent recurrence and is sometimes 
an exfoliative dermatitis, e. sim'plex, a disease 
marked by the development of patches of red- 
ness, with little or no itching. It may be due to 
irritation, to pressure, to excessive heat, to poi- 
sons, to digestive disturbance, or may occur 
idiopathically. symptomatic e., skin hyper- 
emia in non-elevated patches: it may be either 
idiopathic or symptomatic, e. traumat'icum, 
a local affection due to friction or pressure, vas- 
cular e., a circumscribed erythema on the chest 
and back of soldiers, e. venena'tum, simple 
erythema caused by the irritation of various 
mineral and vegetable substances. 
erythematous (er-ith-em'at-us). Of the nature 
of erythema. 
erythemia, erythaemia (er-e-the'me-ah) [Gr. 'epv- 
Opbs red + atpa blood]. A disease marked by 
persistent polycythemia (increase of the red blood- 
corpuscles), due to excessive formation of erythro- 
blasts by the bone-marrow. It is attended by in- 
creased viscosity of the blood, enlargement of the 
spleen, and cyanotic appearance of the patient. 
The disease extends over many years, and gradu- 
ally asthenia, edema, cardiac dilatation, and albu- 
minuria appear. Called also erythrocythemia, sple- 
nomegalic polycythemia, myelopathic polycythemia, 
polycythemia rubra, erythrocytosis megalosplenica, 
Osier's disease, Vaquez's disease, and VaquezOsler d. 
erythra (er'ith-rah). An eruption of the skin; 
also the menstrua vera. 
Erythraea (er-ith-re'ah) [Gr. epvOpatos red]. A 
genus of red-flowered gentianaceous plants. E. 
centaur'ium is the lesser (European) centaury. 
This and various other species are tonic and 
stomachic. See centaury. 
erythrasma (er-ith-raz'mah) [Gr. epvOpbs red]. A 
chronic contagious skin disease due to the pres- 
ence of Micros' poron minutis'simum (Disco- 
my'ces minutis'simus). It is marked by the de- 
velopment of red or brownish patches on the 
inner side of the thigh, on the scrotum, and in 
the axilla. Baerensprung's e., eczema mar- 
ginatum affecting the thighs. 
erythredema (er-ith-re-de'mah) [Gr. epvOpbs red + 
dib-qpa swelling]. A condition occurring in infants 
marked by swollen, bluish-red hands and feet and 
disordered digestion, followed by muscular weak- 
ness (W. Swift). Called also pink disease and 
dermato polyneuritis. 
erythremia, erythrsemia (er-ith-re'me-ah) [Gr. 
epvOpbs red + al pa blood]. Pathologic overpro- 
duction of red blood-corpuscles, with enlargement 
of the spleen and cyanosis. 
erythremomegalalgia, erythremomelalgia 
(er"ith-re-mo-meg-al-al'je-ah, er-ith"re-mo-mel-al'- 
je-ah) [Gr. epvOpbs red -|- peXos limb + aXyos 
pain]. See erythromelalgia. 
erythrism (er'ith-rizm). Redness of the hair and 
beard with a ruddy complexion. 
erythristic (er-e-thris'tik). Characterized by ery- 
thrism. 
erythrite, erythritol, erythrol (er'ith-rit, er'ith- 
ri-tol, er'ith-rol. A tetrahydric alcohol, C4H6- 
(OH)4, from lichens and from the red-snow micro- 
organism. 
Erythrobacillus (er-ith"ro-bas-il'us). A genus of 
small aerobic non-pathogenic bacterial organisms 
which produce red or pink pigments. 
erythroblast (er-ith'ro-blast) [Gr. epvOpbs red + 
fiXaarbs germ]. One of the colorless ameboid 
cells which develop into red blood-corpuscles. 
They are derived from the hemoblasts of the embryo 
and from the premyelocytes of adult connective 
tissue and bone-marrow. The term includes both 
megaloblasts and normoblasts, tracheochro- 
matic e., normoblast. 
erythroblastic (er-ith-ro-blas'tik). Of or relating 
to erythroblasts. 
erythroblastoma (er"ith-ro-blas-to'mah). A tu- 
mor arising from erythroblasts. 
erythroblastomatosis (er"ith-ro-blas-to-mat-o'- 
sis). A condition marked by the formation of 
erythroblastomas. 
erythroblastosis (er"ith-ro-blas-to'sis). Excessive 
formation of erythroblasts. 
erythrocatalysis (er"ith-ro-kat-al'is-is). Ery- 
throkatalysis. 
erythrochloropia (er-ith"ro-klo-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. 
epvOpbs red + %Xwpos green + eye]. Ability 
to distinguish red and green, but not blue or 
yellow. 
erythrochloropsia (er"ith-ro-klo-rop'se-ah). Ery- 
throchloropia. 
erythrochromia (er"ith-ro-kro'me-ah) [Gr. epvO- 
pbs red + xpwpa color]. Hemorrhagic pigmen- 
tation of the spinal fluid in which the color is red. 
erythroclasis (er-ith-rok'las-is) [Gr. epvOpbs red 
(corpuscle) + KXaacs a breaking]. Fragmentation 
or splitting up of red blood-cells. 
erythroclastic (er-ith-ro-klas'tik) [Gr. epvOpbs red 
+ kX&v to break]. Pertaining to the destruction 
of red blood-corpuscles. 
erythrocyte (er-ith'ro-sit) [Gr. epvOpbs red + kvtos 
cell]. A red blood-corpuscle. They are circular, 
biconcave disks, from 6 to 9 p in diameter and 
about 1 p thick, and contain hemoglobin, which ERYTHROCYTHEMIA 
395 
ERYTHROPYKNOSIS 
carries the oxygen of the blood, orthochro- 
matic e., an erythrocyte that stains with acid 
stains only. 
erythrocythemia (er"ith-ro-si-the'me-ah). Same 
as erythremia. 
erythrocytic (er"ith-ro-sit'ik). Pertaining to red 
corpuscles. 
erythrocytoblast (er"ith-ro-si'to-blast). Ery- 
throblast. 
erythrocytolysin (er"ith-ro-si-tol'is-in). Same as 
hemolysin. 
erythrocytolysis (er"ith-ro-si-tol'is-is) [erythro- 
cyte 4- Gr. Xwris solution]. Dissolution of red 
blood-corpuscles and escape of the hemoglobin. 
Called also plasmolysis. e. megalosplenica. 
See erythremia. 
erythrocytometer (er"ith-ro-si-tom'et-er) [eryth- 
rocyte 4- Gr. perpov measure]. A device for num- 
bering the red blood-corpuscles. 
erythrocyto-opsonin (er"ith-ro-si"to-op-so'nin) 
[erythrocyte 4- opsonin]. An opsonin that has 
opsonic action on red blood-corpuscles. Called 
also hemopsonin. 
erythrocytorrhexis (er"ith-ro-si-to-rek'sis) [ery- 
throcyte 4- Gr. rending], A morphologic 
change in red blood-corpuscles, consisting in the 
escape from the corpuscles of round, shining 
granules and splitting off of particles. Called also 
plasmorrhexis. 
erythrocytoschisis (er"ith-ro-si-tos'kis-is) [ery- 
throcyte 4- Gr. axiais division]. A morphologic 
change in red blood-corpuscles, in winch the 
corpuscles degenerate into disk-like bodies similar 
to the blood-platelets. Called also plasmoschisis. 
erythrocytosis (er"ith-ro-si-to'sis). Increase in the 
number of red blood-corpuscles; erythremia; 
polycythemia. 
ery throdegenerative (er"ith-ro-de-jen'er-a-tiv). 
Characterized by degeneration of erythrocytes. 
erythrodermatitis (er"ith-ro-der-mat-i'tis) [Gr. 
epvOpbs red 4- dermatitis]. Inflammation of the 
skin, with redness. 
erythrodermia (er"ith-ro-der'me-ah) [Gr. epvOpbs 
red 4- b^ppa skin]. Abnormal redness of the skin, 
e. desquamati'va, a disease in breast-fed chil- 
dren with symptoms resembling a generalized 
eczema seborrhoicum. maculopapular e., a 
reddish eruption composed of macules and 
papules, e. squamo sum, an eruption of scaly 
groups of papules. 
erythrodextrin (er"ith-ro-deks'trin). A dextrin 
which is turned red by iodin and changed by 
various digestive ferments into maltose. 
erythroedema. See erythredema. 
erythrogen (er-ith'ro-jen). A fatty, crystalline 
compound from diseased bile. 
erythrogenesis (er"ith-ro-jen'es-is). The produc- 
tion of red blood-corpuscles. 
erythrogenic (er-ith-ro-jen'ik) [Gr. epvOpbs red 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Producing red blood-cor- 
puscles. 
erythrogonium (er"ith-ro-go'ne-um) [erythrocyte 
4- Gr. yov-q seed]. See hematoblast. 
erythrogranulose (er"ith-ro-gran'u-los). A gran- 
ulose which is colored red by iodin. 
erythrokatalysis (er"ith-ro-kat-al'is-is) [Gr. 
epvOpbs red 4- KaraXvais dissolution]. Pha- 
gocytosis of red blood-corpuscles. 
erythrol (er'ith-rol). 1. Same as erythrite. 2. A 
double iodid of bismuth and cinchonidin: anti- 
septic and tonic, e. nitrate, nitro-erythrol 
(q. v.): it has been employed as a vasodilator, e. 
tetranitrate, a crystalline compound, CH2O.- 
NO2(CHO.NO2)2.CH2O.NO2, a product of the 
nitration of erythrite. It is used, like nitroglycerin, 
as a vasodilator in asthma, angina pectoris, heart 
affections, etc. Dose, |-i gr. (0.03-0.06 gm.). 
erythrolysin (er-ith-rol'is-in). Any substance 
capable of causing erythrolysis. 
ery thro lysis (er-ith-rol'is-is). Erythrocytolysis. 
erythromelalgia (er"ith-ro-mel-al'je-ah) [Gr. 
epvdpbs red + peXos limb 4* aXyos pain]. A ner- 
vous disease marked by redness and neuralgic or 
burning pain in the sole of the foot, and by red 
flushing of the extremity. The pain is increased on 
walking and by a dependent position of the limb. 
The disease is very obstinate, and its pathology 
is uncertain, it being variously attributed to dis- 
ease of the spinal cord, neuritis of peripheral 
nerves, and vasomotor neurosis (Weir Mitchell, 
1878). 
erythromelia (er"ith-ro-me'le-ah) [Gr. epvOpos 
red + peXos limb]. A disease distinct from ery- 
thromelalgia, marked by painless progressive 
redness of the skin, radiating from the central 
part to the periphery, and situated on the ex- 
tensor surfaces of the legs and arms. 
erythrometer (er-ith-rom'et-er) [Gr. epvOpos + 
perpov measure]. An instrument or color scale for 
measuring degrees of redness. 
erythroneocytosis (er-ith"ro-ne"o-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
epvOpos red 4- peos new 4" kvtos cell]. The 
presence of regenerating forms of red blood-cells in 
the blood. 
erythropenia (er"ith-ro-pe'ne-ah) [Gr. epvOpos 
red 4- Trevla poverty]. Deficiency in the number 
of erythrocytes. 
erythrophage (er'ith-ro-faj) [Gr. epvOpos red 4- 
<payeip to eat]. A phagocyte which absorbs the 
blood-pigments and destroys the red corpuscles. 
erythrophagous (er-ith-rof'ag-us) [Gr. epvOpos red 
4- pay zip to eat]. Destructive to the red cor- 
puscles and blood-pigment. 
erythrophil (er'ith-ro-fil) [Gr. epvOpos red 4- piXelp 
to love]. 1. Easily taking red stains. 2. A cell 
or other element that is easily stained red. 
erythrophilous (er-ith-rof'il-us). Easily stained 
with red. 
erythrophlein (er-ith-ro-fle'in) [Gr. epvOpos red + 
pXoibs bark]. A poisonous alkaloid from casca 
bark, with local anesthetic, cardiant, and paral- 
yzant properties. 
Erythrophloeum (er-ith-ro-fle'um) [Gr. epvOpos red 
4- pXoibs bark]. A genus of leguminous trees. 
E. guineen'se affords casca, mancona, or sassy- 
bark, an African ordeal poison. Dose of fluidex- 
tract, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.). 
erythrophobia (er"ith-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. epvOpos 
red 4- pb^os fear]. 1. A neurotic manifestation 
marked by blushing on the slightest provocation. 
2. Morbid aversion to red. 
erythrophose (er'ith-ro-foz) [Gr. epvOpos red 4- 
p&s light]. Any red phose. See phose. 
erythropia (er-ith-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. epvOpos red 4- 
vision], A state in which objects appear to 
have a red tinge. 
erythroplastid (er"ith-ro-plas'tid). A developing 
erythrocyte in the stage between the normoblast 
and the fully developed blood-cell, just before the 
expulsion of the nucleus. 
erythropoiesis (er"ith-ro-poi-e'sis) [Gr. epvOpbs 
red 4- rron/ais making]. The manufacture of red 
blood-cells. 
erythropoietic (er"ith-ro-poi-et'ik). Forming red 
blood-cells. 
erythroprosopalgia (er"ith-ro-pro-so-pal'je-ah) 
[Gr. epvOpos red 4- Trpbaanrop face 4" aXyos pain]. 
A nervous disorder, analogous to erythromelalgia, 
marked by redness and pain in the face. 
erythropsia (er-ith-rop'se-ah). Same as eryth- 
ropia. 
erythropsin (er-ith-rop'sin) [Gr. epvOpos red + 
tyis vision]. The visual purple. See rhodopsin. 
erythropyknosis (er"ith-ro-pik-no'sis) [Gr. epvOpbs 
red 4- pyknosis], Same as pyknosis. ERYTHRORRHEXIS 
396 
ESOPHAGOSCOPY 
erythrorrhexis (er"ith-ro-reks'is) [Gr. epvOpos red 
4- PV&s rupture]. Same as erythrocytorrhexis. 
erythrose (er'ith-roz). Same as tetrose. 
erythrosin (er-ith-ro'sin). A coal-tar dye, the so- 
dium or potassium salt of tetra-iodofluorescin, 
used as a histologic stain. 
erythrosinophil (er"ith-ro-sin'o-fil) [erythrosin 
4- Gr. ipiXeiv to love]. Readily stainable with 
erythrosin. 
erythrosis (er-e-thro'sis) [Gr. eptOpm red]. A red- 
dish or purplish discoloration of the skin and 
mucous membranes seen in polycythemia or ery- 
themia. 
erythrotoxin (er-ith-ro-tok'sin). Same as erythro- 
lysin. 
erythroxylin (er-ith-roks'il-in) [Gr. epvOpos red 4* 
£vXov wood]. Same as cocain. 
Erythroxylon (er-ith-roks'il-on) [Gr. epvOpos red 
4- £vXov wood]. A genus of South American 
shrubs and trees. E. coca furnishes coca-leaves, 
which contain the alkaloids cocain and hygrin: 
the leaves are tonic and cerebral stimulants, and 
are said to make the user withstand fatigue and 
hunger. Dose of fluidextract, 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
See coca. 
erythruria (er-ith-ru're-ah) [Gr. epvOpos red 4- 
ovpov urine]. The passing of red urine. 
Esbach's reagent (es'bahks) [Georges Hubert 
Esbach, a physician in Paris, 1843-1890]. See 
under reagent. 
escalin (es'kal-in). A paste of powdered metallic 
aluminum and glycerin: used in gastric ulcer. 
eschar (es'kar) [Gr. tuxapa scab], A slough pro- 
duced by burning or by a corrosive application, 
neuropathic e., a bed-sore in disease of the 
spinal cord. 
escharotic (es-kar-ot'ik) [Gr. eaxapwrixos]. 1. 
Corrosive; capable of producing an eschar. 2, A 
corrosive or caustic agent. 
Escherich's bacillus (esk'er-iks) [Theodor Escher- 
ich, German physician, 1857-1911]. The Bacillus 
coli. 
eschrolalia, aeschrolalia (es-kro-la'le-ah) [Gr. 
aiorxpos indecent 4- XaXia babble]. Same as copro- 
lalia. 
Eschscholtzia (esh-skolt'ze-ah). A genus of 
papaveraceous plants. E. califor'nica (California 
poppy) is a hypnotic and anodyne. Dose of 
fluidextract, 12-30 min. (0.77-2 c.c.). 
escoquinin (es-ko-kwin'in). A yellowish powder, 
a compound of quinin and glucosids of horse- 
chestnut: used like quinin. 
escorcin (es-kor'sin). A product, C9HSO4, of 
the action of sodium amalgam on esculetin. It 
is used in detecting corneal and conjunctival 
lesions. 
esculapian (es-ku-la'pe-an). /Esculapian. 
esculetin (es-ku-le'tin). A substance, CsH2(OH)2- 
0,C0(CH)2, from ceculin by hydrolysis. 
esculin (es'ku-lin) [L. ces'culus horse-chestnut]. A 
glucosid, C15H16O9, from horse-chestnut bark: a 
febrifuge. Dose, 10-15 gr. (0.66-1 gm.). 
E. S. E. German abbreviation for electrostatic 
units. 
eseridin (es-er'id-in). An alkaloid, C14H23N3O3, 
from Calabar bean, in colorless crystals: it acts 
like eserin, but is much milder, and is a cathartic. 
Dose, gr. (0.006-0.02 gm.). 
eserin (es'er-in) [esere, an African name of the 
Calabar bean]. Same as physostigmin. e.-pi- 
locarpin, a preparation used as a colic powder 
for horses aud as a purge for cows. Hypodermic 
dose, 6 gr. (0.4 gm.). 
esmarch (es'mark). 1. An Esmarch bandage. See 
bandage. 2. To treat with an Esmarch bandage. 
Esmarch's bandage, etc. (es'marks) [Johannes 
Friedrich August von Esmarch, German surgeon, 
1823-1908]. See under bandage, etc. 
esocataphoria (es-o-kat-af-o're-ah) [Gr. in- 
ward + cataphoria], The condition in which the 
visual axis turns downward and inward. 
esocin (es'o-sin). A protamin from the sperm of the 
pike, Esox lucius. 
esodic (es-od'ik) [Gr. ww within + 686s way]. Af- 
ferent or centripetal. 
eso-ethmoiditis (es"o-eth-moid-i'tis) [Gr. ww in- 
ward + ethmoiditis]. Inflammation within the 
sinuses of the ethmoid bone. 
esogastritis (es"o-gas-tri'tis) [Gr. ww within 4- 
gastritis]. Inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of the stomach. 
esophagalgia (e-sof-ag-al'je-ah) [esophagus 4- Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the esophagus. 
esophageal (e-so-fa'je-al). Pertaining to or be- 
longing to the esophagus. 
esophagectasia, esophagectasis (e-sof-aj-ek-ta'- 
se-ah, -ek'tas-is) [esophagus + Gr. tKraacs disten- 
tion]. Dilatation of the esophagus. 
esophagectomy (e-sof-aj-ek'to-me) [esophagus 4- 
Gr. eKropi] excision]. Excision of a portion of the 
esophagus. 
esophagism, esophagismus (e-sof'aj-izm, e-sof- 
aj-is'mus). Spasm of the circular muscular fibers of 
the esophagus, hiatal e. Same as cardiospasm. 
esophagitis (e-sof-aj-i'tis) [esophagus + Gr. -ins 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the esophagus. 
esophagocele (e-sof-ag'o-sel) [Gr. ol<ro<pdyos esoph- 
agus 4- ktjXt) hernia]. Abnormal distention of the 
esophagus; hernia of the esophagus: protrusion 
of the mucous and submucous coats of the esopha- 
gus through a rupture in the muscular coat, pro- 
ducing a pouch or diverticulum. 
esophagodynia •(e-sof"ag-o-din'e-ah) [esophagus 
+ Gr. oSvvr) pain]. Pain in the esophagus. 
esophago-enterostomy (e-sof"ag-o-en-ter-os'to- 
me) [Gr. olcrotpayos esophagus 4- evrepov intestine 
+ oropa mouth]. The operation of suturing the 
esophagus to the duodenum and excising the 
stomach. This is Schlatter's operation for total 
extirpation of the stomach. 
esophagogastroscopy (e-sof"ag-o-gas-tros'ko- 
pe) [Gr. olao<pdyos esophagus 4- yaarrip stom- 
ach + aKorreiv to examine]. Instrumental in- 
spection of the esophagus and the stomach. 
esophagogastrostomy (e-sof"ag-o-gas-tros'to- 
me) [Gr. olaotpayos esophagus 4- yaoTrjp stomach 
+ aropa mouth]. The operation of forming an 
artificial communication between the stomach and 
esophagus. 
esophagojejunogastrostomosis (e-sof"ag-o-je"- 
ju-no-gas"tros-to-mo'sis). The operation of mobil- 
izing a loop of jejunum and implanting its prox- 
imal end in the esophagus and its distal end in the 
stomach: done in cases of esophageal stricture. 
esophagomalacia (e-sof"ag-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. 
olcro^ayos esophagus 4- paXaMa softness]. Soften- 
ing of the walls of the esophagus. 
esophagometer (e-sof-ag-om'et-er) [esophagus + 
Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the length of the esophagus. 
esophagomycosis (e-sof"ag-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. 
olooipayos esophagus + pvKrjs fungus]. Any dis- 
ease of the esophagus caused by fungi. 
esophagoplasty (e-sof-ag'o-plas-te) [esophagus 4* 
Gr. TrXdaaei^ to form]. A plastic operation on 
the esophagus. 
esophagoplication (e-sof"ag-o-pli-ka'shun). The 
operation of treating an esophageal pouch by fold- 
ing in its wall. 
esophagoptosis (e-sof-ag-op-to'sis) [esophagus 4* 
Gr. irrwais falling]. Prolapse of the esophagus. 
esophagoscope (e-so-fag'os-kbp) [esophagus 4- Gr. 
aKoireiv to view]. An instrument for examining 
the interior of the esophagus by artificial light. 
esophagoscopy (e-sof-ag-os'ko-pe). The explora- 
tion of the esophagus. ESOPHAGOSPASM 
397 
ESTRUM 
esophagospasm (e-so-fag'o-spazm) [esophagus + 
spasm]. Spasm of the esophagus. 
esophagostenosis (e-sof"ag-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. 
olaotpayos esophagus + aTevixacs constriction]. 
Stricture or constriction of the esophagus. 
esophagostoma (e"sot-ag-os'to-mah) [Gr. olaop- 
ayos esophagus + mopa mouth]. 1. An abnor- 
mal opening or passage leading into the esophagus. 
2. See (Esophagostoma. 
esophagostomiasis. See oesophagostomiasis. 
esophagostomy (e-sof-ag-os'to-me) [Gr. oloopdyos 
esophagus + aropa mouth]. The creation of an 
artificial opening into the esophagus. 
esophagotome (e-sof-ag'o-tom). A cutting instru- 
ment for use in esophagotomy. 
esophagotomy (e-sof-ag-ot'o-me) [Gr. olaopayos 
esophagus + to pi] a cut]. The opening of the 
esophagus by an incision. 
esophagus, oesophagus (e-sof'ag-us) [Gr. olaeiv 
to carry + ipayqpa food]. The gullet; a musculo- 
membranous canal extending from the pharynx to 
the stomach. 
esophoria (es-o-fo're-ah) [Gr. 'eaco inward + <pepeiv 
to bear]. Convergent strabismus or a tendency 
thereto; abnormal tendency of the visual axes to 
converge. 
esophoric (es-o-for'ik). Characterized by esopho- 
ria. 
esophylactic (es-o-fi-lak'tik) [Gr. eaw without + 
phylaxis]. Exerting a phylactic or protective influ- 
ence from the outside; a term applied to the sup- 
posed part played by the skin in immunity. 
esosphenoiditis (es"o-sfe-noid-i'tis) [Gr. ecru with- 
in fl- sphenoid + -itis]. Osteomyelitis of the 
sphenoid bone. 
esoteric (es-o-ter'ik) [Gr. kaurep6s within]. Arising 
within the organism. 
esothyropexy (es-o-thi'ro-peks-e). See exothy- 
ropexia. 
esotropia (es-o-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. eaw inward + Tpeir- 
etv to turn]. A manifest turning inward of the 
eyes; convergent strabismus, or cross-eye. 
esotropic (es-o-trop'ik). Characterized by eso- 
tropia. 
espnoic (esp-no'ik) [Gr. « into + ttvot] vapor, 
blast]. Pertaining to the injection of vapors or 
gases. 
esponja (es-pong'ah). A granular inflammation of 
the skin in Brazilian horses, probably due to larval 
infection by Habronema mus'cce (Ercolani, 1859; 
Descareaux, 1916). 
espundia (es-poon'de-ah). The ulcerative type of 
dermal leishmaniasis, with secondary manifesta- 
tions in the nose and mouth, occurring in parts of 
South America. 
esquillectomy (es-kwil-ek'to-me) [Fr. esquille frag- 
ment 4- Gr. kKTopq excision]. Excision of frag- 
ments of bone following fractures caused by pro- 
jectiles. 
essence (es'ens) [L. essen'tia quality or being]. 
1. That which is or necessarily exists as the cause 
of the properties of a body. 2. A solution of a 
volatile oil in alcohol. 
essential (es-en'shal) [L. essentia'lis], 1. Con- 
stituting the necessary or inherent part of a thing; 
giving a substance its peculiar and necessary 
qualities. 2. Idiopathic; self-existing; having no 
obvious external exciting cause. 
ester (es'ter). Any compound formed from an al- 
cohol and an acid by the removal of water. The 
esters are named as if they were salts of the alcohol 
radicals. Called also compound ether and ethereal 
salt, aceto-acetic e., the ethyl ester of aceto- 
acetic acid, a colorless liquid, used for the synthesis 
of a great variety of compounds. 
•esterase (es'ter-as). A ferment which splits up 
esters. 
esterification (es-ter-if-ik-a'shun). The process of 
converting an acid into an ester. 
esterol (es'ter-ol). An ester of sterol. 
esthematology, aesthematology (es-them-at-ol'- 
o-je). [Gr. aladrjpa sensation + X070S treatise]. 
The science of the senses and sense organs. 
esthesioblast (es-the'ze-o-blast) [Gr. alaO-qais feel- 
ing + fiXavros germ], A ganglioblast; an em- 
bryonic cell of the spinal ganglia. 
esthesiodic (es-the-se-od'ik). Same as esthesodic. 
esthesiogen (es-the'ze-o-jen) [Gr. a'iaOyais feeling 
+ yev-qs producing], A substance which in cer- 
tain conditions of the body is supposed to pro- 
duce symptoms of excitation when brought near 
or into contact with the person. 
esthesiogenic (es-the"ze-o-jen'ik). Producing sen- 
sation. 
esthesiology (es-the-ze-ol'o-je) [Gr. alaO^acs sen- 
sation + Xoyos treatise]. The science of sensation 
and the senses. 
esthesiomania (es-the-ze-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. a'tcrd-q- 
<tls feeling + pavla madness]. Insanity with per- 
version of the senses. 
esthesiomene (es-the-ze-om'en-e). An incorrect 
form of esthiomene. 
esthesiometer (es-the-ze-om'et-er) [Gr. alaOrjats 
sensation + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring tactile sensibility. 
esthesioneure (es-the'ze-o-nilr) [Gr. aiaffyais sen- 
sation + vevpov nerve]. A sensory neuron. 
esthesioneurosis (es-the"ze-o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. ala- 
Oyacs feeling + neurosis]. Any disorder of the 
sensory nerves. 
esthesionosus (es-the-ze-on'os-us) [Gr. a'la6r]ais 
sensation + vocros disease], Esthesioneurosis. 
esthesiophysiology (es-the"ze-o-fiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. 
a'la9r]<rLS feeling + physiology]. The physiology 
of the perceptive faculties. 
esthesioscopy (es-the-ze-os'ko-pe) [Gr. aurOr^s 
sensation + aKoirelv to examine]. Delimitation on 
the skin of areas in which pain is felt or the tissues 
are tender. 
esthesodic (es-the-sod'ik) [Gr. alaOrjais feeling + 
686s path]. Conveying sense impressions. 
esthetic (es-thet'ik) [Gr. alaOijais sensation]. 
Pertaining to sensation. 
estheticokinetic (es-thet"ik-o-kin-et'ik). Both 
sensory and motor. 
esthiomene, esthiomenus (es-the-om'en-e, es- 
the-om'en-us) [Gr. eaGiopevos eating]. 1. An old 
name for lupus and other rodent skin diseases. 
2. Tubercular lupus of the genital organs. 
esthophysiology (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'o-je). The phy- 
siology of sensation and sense organs. 
estival, aestival (es'tiv-al) [L. asti'vus, from as'tas 
summer]. Pertaining to or occurring in sum- 
mer. 
estivo-autumnal (es"tiv-o-aw-tum'nal). Pertain- 
ing to the summer and autumn: a term applied 
to a form of malarial fever. See under fever. 
EstTander's operation [Jakob August Estlander, 
Finnish surgeon, 1831-1881]. See operation. 
eston (es'ton). Monobasic aluminum acetate. 
estoral (es'to-ral). A white, crystalline compound, 
boric acid menthol ester, B(CioHi90)s: used by 
insufflation in rhinitis and coryza. 
estriasis (es-tri'as-is). See cestriasis. 
Estridse (es'tri-de). A family of Diptera, the bot 
flies or warble flies. There are three genera: 
Hypoderma, Gastrophilus, and Dermatobia. 
estrual, oestrual (es'tru-al) [L. ces'trum gadfly, 
orgasm]. Pertaining to the rutting of animals. 
estruation (es-tru-a'shun) [L. ces'trum; Gr. ota- 
rpos gadfly, rut]. The sexual ardor of animals 
at the season of copulation; rutting. 
estrum, oestrum (es'trum) [L. ces'trum gadfly, 
orgasm; Gr. olarpos]. The orgasm, or crisis of 
venereal excitement. ETAT 
398 
ETHRISIN 
etat (a-tah'). French for state, condition, e. 
crib 16 (a-tah' krib-la'), a condition in which the 
necrotic Peyer's patches in typhoid fever are 
riddled with small, irregular perforations. 6. 
mammelonne (a-tah' mah-ma-yo-na'), hyper- 
plasia of the mucous membrane of the stomach 
in chronic gastritis, resulting in the formation of 
small elevations. 
ethal (eth'al). Cetyl alcohol. 
ethanesal (eth-an'e-sal). A modified anesthetic 
ether produced by Wallis and Hewer, composed of 
pure ether with the addition of 2 per cent, of 
ketones. 
ethanolysis (eth-an-ol'is-is). Alcoholysis of ethy] 
alcohol. 
ethene chlorid (eth-en'). Same as ethylene di- 
chlorid. 
ethenoid (eth'en-oid). Containing an ethene or 
ethylene linkage. 
etheogenesis (e-the-o-jen'es-is). Non-sexual re- 
production in male gametes of protozoa. 
ether (e'ther) [Gr. a.lf)t)p air; L. ce'ther], 1. A fluid 
of the utmost tenuity, which is conceived to fill 
all space, and to serve as a medium for the trans- 
mission of waves of heat and light. Called also 
luminiferous ether. 2. Ethyl oxid, (C2H5)2O, a 
highly volatile liquid, obtained by the action of 
strong sulphuric acid upon ordinary alcohol. 3. 
A term applied to various volatile liquids, mostly 
containing ethylic ether or resembling it. 4. Any 
member of a group of compounds derived from two 
alcohol molecules by the elimination of water. If 
the alcohol radicals are identical, the compound is 
a simple ether; if they are different it is a complex 
or mixed ether, absolute e., a liquid of peculiar 
odor and burning taste, with a specific gravity of 
0.71. Ordinary ether, or dilute ether, contains 83 per 
cent, of ether and 17 per cent, of alcohol. Stronger 
ether [ce'ther for'tiof) contains 4 per cent, of alcohol. 
Ether is used chiefly as an anesthetic, by inhala- 
tion: it is used also internally as an antispas- 
modic and heart stimulant; hypodermically as an 
anodyne and a stimulant in collapse; and in the 
form of spray to produce local anesthesia by 
chilling. Dose, 30 min.-j fl.oz. (2-16 c.c.); hy- 
podermically, 1 dr. (4 c.c.). Dose of spirit of 
ether, 1 dr. (4 C.c.); compound spirit of ether 
(Hoffmann's anodyne), j-i dr. (2-4 c.c.). acetic 
e., ethyl acetate, chloric e., a mixture of chlo- 
roform and alcohol, compound e. Same as 
ester, e.-cone, an apparatus for the administra- 
tion of ether by inhalation. Cotton-process e., 
ether freed from its two impurities, one of which 
produces anesthesia and the other the unpleasant 
effects. This pure ether is then recharged with the 
impurity that produces anesthesia. A new type 
of anesthesia is produced in which the patient has 
abolition of sensation, but perfect consciousness is 
preserved. formic e., ethyl formate. hy- 
dramyl e., hydramyl and ethylic ether in equal 
parts: a local and general anesthetic, hydriodic 
e., ethyl iodid. hydrobromic e., ethyl bromid. 
hydrochloric e., ethyl chlorid. luminiferous 
e. See ether (1st def.), methyl e., methyl oxid, 
(CHs^O: a liquid anesthetic, mitigated e. See 
E-C mixture, under mixture, mixed e., any ether 
containing two distinct hydrocarbons, nitrous 
e., ethyl nitrite, petroleum e., a colorless liquid 
derived from petroleum by distillation. It is a 
mixture of pentane and hexane, and is used to pro- 
duce cold by its rapid evaporation, stronger e., 
ethylic ether with 4 per cent, of alcohol, sulphur 
e. See thio-e. sulphuric e., ordinary ether; so 
called because made with sulphuric acid, thio-e., 
a sulphur ether; an ether in which sulphur replaces 
oxygen. 
ethereal (e-the're-al). 1. Pertaining to, prepared 
with, containing, or resembling ether. 2. Evan- 
escent; delicate. 
etherification (e"ther-if-ik-a'shun). The process 
of forming an ether from alcohol. 
etherin (e'ther-in). A poison extractable by ether 
from the bodies of tubercle bacilli. Called also 
etherobacillin. See benzenin, chloroformin, and 
xylenin. 
etherion (e-the're-on). A gas said to have been 
discovered in 1898 in the atmosphere: said to be 
about Ta\)o part as dense as hydrogen, and to 
exist in less than part *ts proportion 
in the air. 
etherization (e"ther-iz-a'shun). The administra- 
tion of ether by inhalation, and the consequent 
production of anesthesia. 
etherize (e'ther-iz). To put under the anesthetic 
influence of ether. 
etherobacillin (e"ther-o-bas-il'in). See etherin. 
etheromania (e"ther-o-ma'ne-ah). Uncontrolla- 
ble addiction to the use of ether as a stimulant. 
etherometer (e-ther-om'et-er) [ether + Gr. perpov 
measure]. A device for administering ether by 
which the number of drops per minute can be 
accurately controlled. 
Etherrausch (a'ter-rowsh) [Ger.]. See Rausch. 
ethic, ethical (eth'ik, eth'ik-al). In accordance 
with ethics or the rules governing conduct. 
ethics (eth'iks) [Gr. ffOos character]. The science 
of right conduct; also a system of rules regulating 
conduct, medical e., the rules or principles 
governing the professional conduct of medical 
practitioners. 
ethidene (eth'id-en). The bivalent radical, C2H4; 
ethylidene. e. chlorid, a colorless, volatile, 
anesthetic fluid, CH3CHC12, with the taste and 
smell of chloroform. It is used like chloroform, 
but is more dangerous, e. diamin, a harmful 
ptomain, C2H8N2, from fish. 
ethiopification (e-the-op"if-ik-a'shun) [Gr. Sldlof/ 
an Ethiop + L. fa'cere to make]. The blackening of 
the skin by the use of silver or other metallic agents. 
ethmocarditis (eth"mo-kar-di'tis) [Gr. yOpos sieve 
+ Kapbia heart + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the connective tissue of the heart. 
ethmocephalus (eth-mo-sef'al-us) [Gr. ^Opbs sieve 
+ KetpaXr) head]. A monster with an imperfect 
head, more or less union of the eyes, and a rudi- 
mentary nose, often displaced upward. 
ethmocranial angle (eth-mo-kra'ne-al). See 
angle. 
ethmofrontal (eth-mo-fron'tal). Pertaining to 
the ethmoid and frontal bones. 
ethmoid (eth'moid) [Gr. ffjpbs sieve + dbos form], 
1. Cribriform; sieve-like. 2. Pertaining to the 
ethmoid bone. e. bone. See bone. 
ethmoidal (eth-moid'al). Of or pertaining to the 
ethmoid bone. 
ethmoidectomy (eth-moi-dek'to-me) [ethmoid, 4- 
Gr. kurop-q excision]. Excision of the ethmoid 
cells or of a portion of the ethmoid bone. 
ethmoiditis (eth-moid-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
ethmoid bone. 
ethmoturbinal (eth-mo-ter'bin-al). The superior 
and middle turbinated bones. 
ethmyphitis (eth-me-fi'tis) [Gr. rffpbs sieve 4- 
v<pi7 tissue]. Inflammation of the cellular tissue; 
cellulitis. 
ethnics (eth'niks) [Gr. ethos race]. Ethnology. 
ethnography (eth-nog'raf-e) [Gr. Wvos race 4- 
ypa<peu> to write], A description of the races of 
men. 
ethnology (eth-nol'o-je) [Gr. ethos race + Xbyos 
treatise]. The science which deals with the 
races of men, their descent, relationship, etc. 
ethoxycaffein (e-thoks-e-kaf'e-in) [ethyl 4- oxy- 
gen 4- caffein]. A crystalline substance, C1OHU- 
N4O3. It is narcotic and diuretic, and is recom- 
mended for hemicrania and the pains of herpes 
zoster. Dose, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.). 
ethrisin (eth'ris-in). See acetylsalicylamid. ETHYDENE 
399 
EUCAIN 
ethydene (eth'id-en). See ethidene. 
ethyl (eth'il) [ether + Gr. vX-q matter]. The 
univalent alcohol radical, CH3.CH2. e. acetate, 
a liquid, CH3.COOCH2.CH3, with odor like ether 
and a taste like vinegar. It is employed by inhala- 
tion, occasionally internally, as a stimulant and 
antispasmodic in colic, bronchial irritation, and 
syncope. Dose, 30 min. (2 c.c.). Called also 
acetic ether, e. alcohol, the ordinary alcohol 
of commerce and pharmacy. See alcohol, e. 
bromid, a colorless volatile liquid, C2H5Br, of 
sweetish taste and ethereal odor; an unsafe anes- 
thetic: used like chloroform, especially for minor 
operations; also as a sedative in hysteria, epi- 
lepsy, etc. e. butyrate, the butyric acid ester of 
ethyl alcohol, C3H7.CO.O.C2H5. It has the odor of 
pineapple, e. carbamate. See urethan. e. 
carbanilid. See euphorin. e. chlor id, a color- 
less inflammable liquid, CH3.CH2CI, used as a local 
anesthetic and stimulant. It is applied in the 
form of a spray, impelled from the containing tube 
by the heat of the hand. Called also hydrochloric 
ether, e. cyanid, a colorless, very poisonous 
liquid, C2H5CN, similar in therapeutic action to 
hydrocyanic acid. e. diacetate, a material 
which has been used in urinary tests, e. diiodo- 
salicylate , white crystals of OH.C6H2I2CO.O.C2- 
H5, used in place of iodoform, e. formate, a 
volatile antispasmodic and anesthetic liquid, 
HCOOC2H5. Called also formic ether. _ e. hy- 
drate, ordinary or ethylic alcohol, e. iodid, a 
colorless liquid, CH3CH2I, used as an antispasmod- 
ic, alterative, and resorbent by inhalation and 
by the mouth for relieving asthma, dyspnea, etc. 
Dose, 15 min. (1 c.c.). Called also hydriodic ether. 
e. mercaptan, a thio-alcohol, C2H5SH, which 
has a revolting odor and which helps to give the 
odor to feces. e. methyl-alpha-amino- 
propionic acid. Same as iso-leucine. e. 
nitrate, CH3.CH2.NO3, has been employed as a 
vasodilator, but is not very effective, e. nitrite, 
nitrous ether, C2H6NO2; a liquid which is mixed 
with alcohol to form sweet spirit of niter [spiri'- 
tus ceth'eris nitro'si), which is used as a diuretic, 
diaphoretic, anodyne, and antispasmodic. Dose, 
20-60 min. (1.33-4 c.c.). e. orange, a dye, the 
sodium salt of diethyl-aniline-azo-benzene-sul- 
phonic acid, C6H4.N(C2H5)2.N2.C6H4.SO2.ONa. It 
is used as an indicator, being turned red by acids 
and yellow by alkalies. e. oxid, ether, e. 
pelargonate, the pelargonic acid ester of ethyl 
alcohol, C8H17.CO.O.C2H5. e. phenacetin, a 
yellow oil, C8H4(OC2H5)N(C2H6)CH3CO: hyp- 
notic. e. phenylcinchoninate, a yellowish 
powder: used to promote elimination of uric acid, 
e. pyoktanin, an auramin derivative: actively 
antiseptic, e. salicylate, the salicylic acid ester 
of ethyl alcohol, C6H4.OH.COCKC2H5): used like 
the salicylates. Dose, 5-10 min. (0.3-0.6 c.c.), 
three or four times a day. e. sulphid, a strong- 
smelling principle, (€2^)28, which exists in dogs' 
urine. 
ethylamin (eth-il-am'in). A liquid ptomain, 
CH3CH2NH2, from decaying plant tissue, possess- 
ing many of the properties of ammonia, e. urate 
is employed as a remedy in the treatment of gout 
and gravel. 
ethylate (eth'il-at). Any compound of ethyl alco- 
hol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl is 
replaced by a base. 
ethylation (eth-il-a'shun). The act of combining 
or causing to combine with the ethyl radical. 
ethylchloralurethan (eth"il-klo"ral-u'reth-an). 
Same as somnal. 
ethyldichlorarsin (eth"il-di-klor-ar'sin). An 
arsenical gas, C2H5ASCI2: used in the Great War. 
It is sternutatory and vesicant, producing pul- 
monary edema. 
ethylene (eth'il-en). Olefiant gas; a colorless, 
poisonous inflammable gas, C2H4 or CH2CH2, form- 
ing the essential part of illuminating gas. e. bi- 
chlorid, e. dichlorid, Dutch-liquid: an oily 
liquid compound, C2H4CI2, used as a local and gen- 
eral anesthetic, but not much employed, e. 
bromid, a brownish, oily liquid, CH2Br.CH2Br, 
used in epilepsy. Dose, 4-6 min. (0.24-0.36 c.c.); 
for children, 10-20 min. (0.666-1.33 c.c.) of 5 per 
cent, solution, e. periodid, diiodoform. 
ethylenediamin (eth"il-en-di-am'in). A non- 
poisonous base, CH2NH2.CH2NH2: it is used in 
preparing lysidin and piperazin and also as a solvent 
for false membrane in diphtheria and similar affec- 
tions. e. cresol, e. tricresol, a colorless anti- 
septic fluid for external use. 
ethylene-ethenyldiamin (eth"il-en-eth-en"il-di- 
am'in). Same as lysidin. 
ethylene-imid, ethylene-imin (eth"il-en'im-id, 
eth"il-en-im'in). A non-poisonous base, C2H4NH, 
obtainable from cholera bacillus cultures. 
ethylhydrocuprein (eth-il-hi"dro-ku-pre'in). Op- 
tochin; a quinin-like synthetic preparation used in 
lobar pneumonia and in malaria. 
ethylidene (eth-il'id-en). A bivalent radical, 
CH3CH, ethidene. See ethidene. e.-diamin, a 
highly poisonous base, C2H8N2 or CH3.CH(NH2)2, 
from decaying fish. 
ethyliodoacetate (eth-il-i-o-do-as'et-at). C2H5.- 
CO2.CH2.I, a lacrimating war gas. 
ethylism (eth'il-izm). Poisoning or intoxication 
by ethyl alcohol. 
ethylmorphin hydrochlor id. Same as dionin. 
ethylphenylcarbamate (eth"il-fen-il-kar'bam-at). 
See euphorin. 
ethylthallin (eth-il-thal'in). A basic phenol de- 
rivative, C12H17NO: antipyretic. 
ethylurethan (eth-il-u'reth-an). See urethan. 
etiolation (e"te-o-la'shun). Paleness due to the 
exclusion of light. 
etiologic, etiological (e"te-o-loj'ik, -al). Per- 
taining to etiology, or to the causes of disease. 
etiology (e-te-ol'o-je) [Gr. alria cause + Xbyos dis- 
course]. The study or theory of the causation 
of any disease; the sum of knowledge regarding 
causes. 
etiotropic (e"te-o-trop'ik) [Gr. alria cause + 
rpottos turning]. Directed against the cause of 
a disease: said of a remedy which attacks the causal 
factor of a disease. 
etiquette, professional (et'e-ket). Medical 
ethics. 
etrohysterectomy (e"tro-his-ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. 
r/rpov hypogastrium + hysterectomy]. Hypogastric 
excision of uterus. 
etrotomy (e-trot'o-me) [Gr. 'r/rpou hypogastrium 
+ reppeip to cut]. Pelvic section. 
Eu. The chemical symbol for europium. 
eusesthesia (u-es-the'ze-ah). Same as euesthesia. 
euangiotic (u-an-je-ot'ik) [Gr. eu well -f- ayyeiop 
vessel]. Having the retinal disk well supplied 
with blood-vessels. 
Eubacteriales (u-bak-te-re-a'les) [Gr. eu well + 
bacteria]. An order of Schizomycetes; the true 
bacteria, including the families Coccacece, Bacil- 
lacece, Bacteriacea, Pseudomonacea, Nitrobac- 
teriacce, and Spirillacea. 
eubiose (u-bi'6z). A proprietary preparation of 
hematogen. 
eubolism (u'bo-lizm) [Gr. ev well + metabolism]. A 
condition of normal body metabolism. 
eubornyl (u-bor'nil). The borneol ester of alpha- 
bromiso-valerianic acid: used as a nervous seda- 
tive. 
eucaform (u'kaf-orm). A proprietary liquid an- 
tiseptic preparation of eucalyptol, formaldehyd, 
and other disinfectants. Dose, 1 dr. (4 c.c.). 
eucain (u-ka'in). A preparation recommended 
as a valuable local anesthetic. It is said to be 
methyl-benzoyl-tetramethyloxy - piperidin - carbox- EUCALOID 
400 
EUGENOL 
ylic acid methyl ester, alpha-e., eucain a, 
a crystalline compound, Ct9H27NO(, or benzoyl- 
methyl - tetra - methyl - y - oxypiperidin - carbox - 
ylic-methyl ester. Its hydrochlorate is used as a 
local anesthetic, beta-e., eucain b, a crys- 
talline compound, CsHrNtCHs^CeHBCOO.HCl, or 
benzoylvinyldiacetone-alkamin hydrochlorid. It 
is used like cocain as a local anesthetic in 2 per cent, 
solution for the eye, and a 5-10 per cent, solution 
for the nose and throat. It is said to be more 
active and less toxic than the latter, beta-e. 
lactate is used like beta-e., but is more soluble. 
eucaloid (u'kal-oid). A gelatin capsule containing 
5 min. (0.3 c.c.) of oil of eucalyptus. 
eucalol (u'kal-ol). A proprietary antiseptic and 
catarrh cure. 
eucalyptene (u-kal-ip'ten). A hydrocarbon, C10H19, 
obtainable from eucalyptol, e. hydrochlorid, 
an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 20-30 gr. (1.33-2 
gm.). 
eucalypteol (u-kal-ip'te-ol). A white, crystalline 
substance, C!0Hig.2HCl, or terpilene dihydro- 
chlorate: used as an intestinal antiseptic. 
eucalyptol (u-kal-ip'tol). A thin, colorless liquid, 
a cis-terpene oxid, CisHioO, with a camphor-like 
odor, obtainable from the volatile oil of eucalyptus. 
It is deodorant, disinfectant, and antiperiodic, and 
is used in malaria, asthma, bronchitis, urethritis, 
diseases of the ear, and externally as an anti- 
septic in wounds, ulcers, and various discharges 
(as leukorrhea), as an antiseptic by inhalation and 
atomization in fetid bronchitis, diphtheria, etc. 
Dose, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.). 
eucalyptoresorcin (u-kal-ip"to-re-sor'sin). An 
antiseptic compound of eucalyptol and resor- 
cinol. 
Eucalyptus (u-kal-ip'tus) [Gr. ev well + koXvictos 
covered]. A genus of myrtaceous trees and 
shrubs, chiefly Australian, of many species. The 
leaves of E. glob'ulus, or blue-gum, and other 
species afford oil of eucalyptus. It is astringent, 
tonic, antiseptic, deodorant, all its medicinal 
properties depending on the eucalyptol that it 
contains. It is used as a diaphoretic and stimulant, 
an antispasmodic in asthma, bronchitis, and 
malaria, as an antiseptic in wound discharges, 
and in chronic catarrhs. The fluidextract, prepared 
from the leaves of E. glob'ulus, is antiperiodic, 
alterative, and antiseptic. Dose, 10-60 min. 
(0.666-4 c.c.); of the tincture, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.). 
oil of e., a volatile oil obtained from the leaves 
of many of the eucalypts, chiefly E. glob'ulus: 
antiseptic, stimulant, and antiperiodic. Dose, 
5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). 
eucapren (u-kap'ren). One per cent, beta-eucain 
lactate in 1 : 5000 suprarenalin solution: used as an 
astringent and anesthetic. 
eucasin (u-ka'sin). A proprietary casein prepa- 
ration. 
eucatropin (u-kat'ro-pin). Same as euphthalmin. 
eucerin (u-se'rin) [Gr. ev good + L. ce'ra wax], A 
proprietary ointment base made from the oxy- 
cholesterin of wool fat and paraffin. 
euchinin (u-kin'in) [Gr. ev well, good + chinin]. 
A compound formed by the action of ethyl-chloro- 
carbonate on quinin, in white crystals, C2H5OCO.- 
OC20H23N2O2: its properties are like those of 
quinin, but it produces no disagreeable effects. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
euchlorhydria (u-klor-hid're-ah) [Gr. ev good + 
chlor hydric acid}. The presence of the normal 
proportion of free hydrochloric acid in the gas- 
tric juice. 
euchlorin (u-klo'rin). A mixture of chlorin and 
chlorin dioxid, produced by the action of hydro- 
chloric acid upon potassium chlorate: locally 
antiseptic. 
eucholia (u-ko'le-ah) [Gr. sv well + xoX^ bile]. 
Normal condition of the bile. 
euchylia (u-kil'e-ah) [Gr. eu well + xiAos chyle]. 
A normal condition of the chyle. 
eucodein, eucodin (u-ko'de-in, u-ko'din). See 
codein methyl bromid. 
eucol (u'kol). A colorless liquid, guaiacol acetate, 
CH3O.C6H4O.CO.CH3: used like guaiacol. 
eucrasia (u-kra'se-ah) [Gr. ev good + updoes mix- 
ture or temperament]. A state of diminished 
susceptibility to the action of certain foods, 
drugs, etc. 
eucupin (u-ku'pin). A quinin derivative used as a 
wound antiseptic. 
eudermol (u-der'mol). A proprietary name for a 
salicylate of nicotin, C10H14N2C7H6O3: used in 
scabies in ointment of from 0.1-0.25 per cent, 
strength. 
eudesmol (u-des'mol). A white, crystalline cam- 
phor, C10H16O, from oil of eucalyptus. It is in- 
soluble in aqueous solutions, but soluble in alco- 
hol, ether, etc. 
eudiaphoresis (u-di"af-o-re'sis) [Gr. ev well + 
diaphoresis}. An easy, natural, or comforting 
escape of perspiration. 
eudiemorrhysis (u"di-em-or/is-is) [Gr. ev well + 
bed through + alpa blood + pwris flow]. The 
normal flow of blood through the capillaries. 
eudiometer (u-de-om'et-er) [Gr. evbla fine weather 
+ perpov measure]. An instrument used in test- 
ing the purity of the air. 
eudosmol (u-dos'mol). A crystalline camphor, 
C10H16O, from the volatile oil of various species 
of eucalyptus. 
eudoxin (u-doks'in). A bismuth salt of nosophen, 
CO.C6H4O.(CeH2l2.O)3Bi2, a reddish-brown, odor- 
less, antiseptic powder, containing 52 per cent, of 
iodin and 15 per cent, of bismuth: used in catarrhal 
enteritis. Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.333-0.5 gm.). 
eudrenin (u-dre'nin). A solution of 0.01 gm. (| 
gr.) of eucain hydrochlorid and 0.00003 gm. Giu 
gr.) of adrenalin chlorid in each cubic centimeter 
(15 min.): used as a local anesthetic. 
euesthesia (u-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. ev well + a.Wh)<ns 
feeling]. A normal state of the senses. 
euferrol (u-fer'ol). Oxidulated iron and arsenious 
acid in gelatinous capsules; a proprietary tonic. 
Euflagellata (u-flaj-el-a'tah). Same as Flagellata. 
euformol (u-for'mol). A proprietary germicide, 
deodorant, and antiseptic compound. 
eugallol (u-gal'ol). Pyrogallol monoacetate, a 
dark-yellow, syrupy substance: used in psoriasis 
and eczema. 
Eugenia (u-je'ne-ah). An extensive genus of 
myrtaceous trees and shrubs. E. caryophylla'ia 
furnishes cloves; E. pimen'ta furnishes pimenta. 
See cheken, clove, and Pimenta. 
eugenic acid (u-je'nik). See eugenol. 
eugenics, eugenetics (u-jen'iks, u-jen-et'iks) [Gr. 
ev well + yevvav to generate]. The study and 
cultivation of conditions that may improve the 
physical and moral qualities of future genera- 
tions.' 
eugenin (u'je-nin). A camphor, Ci0H12O2, found 
in cloves, etc. 
eugenism (u'jen-izm). That condition of heredity 
and environment which tends to produce healthy 
and happy existence. 
eugenoform (u-jen'o-form). The sodium salt of 
eugenol carbinol, a white, crystalline powder used 
as an intestinal disinfectant. Dose, 8-15 gr. 
(0.52-1 gm.). 
eugenol (u'jen-ol). An oily, liquid principle, 
allyl guaiacol, OH.Cel^OCHsbCsHs, obtainable 
from oil of cloves, cinnamon, etc. It is an anti- 
septic and local anesthetic used in dentistry. 
Dose, 10-15 min. (0.666-1 c.c.). Called also 
eugenic acid and caryophillic acid. e. acetamid, 
an antiseptic and local anesthetic, in shining plates EUGLENA 
401 
EUPICIN 
or fine needles, e. benzoate, e. iodid. Same 
as iodo-eugenol. 
Euglena (u-gle'nah) [Gr. ev well + y\rjvi) socket 
of a joint]. A genus of infusorian animals. E. 
vir'idis is found in stagnant pools. 
euglobulin (u-glob'u-lin). One of the two prote- 
ins (the other being pseudoglobulin) of which 
paraglobulin consists. It is characterized by being 
precipitated by dialysis. 
eugonic (u-gon'ik) [Gr. ev well + yovr) seed]. 
Growing luxuriantly: said of bacterial cultures. 
euguform (u'gu-form). An odorless white powder, 
acetylized methylene diguaiacol, formed by the 
action of formaldehyd on guaiacol and subsequent 
acetylization: used as a dusting-powder for 
wounds. 
eukinase (u-kin'as). A preparation of the intes- 
tinal juice of young animals: used for stimulating 
pancreatic digestion. 
eukinesia (u-kin-e'se-ah) [Gr. ev well + Klurjacs 
movement]. Normal power of movement. 
eulachon (u'lak-on). The candle-fish, Thaleich'- 
thys pacif'icus: its oil is used like cod-liver oil. 
eulactol (u-lak'tol) [Gr. ev well + L. lac milk]. A 
concentrated food preparation of milk and egg. 
eulatin (u-la'tin). A proprietary powder, said to be 
dimethyl - phenyl - pyrazolon - amido-brombenzoate: 
used as an expectorant in pertussis. Dose, |-i 
gr. (0.01-0.065 gm.). 
eulaxan (u-lak'san). A proprietary laxative con- 
taining phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxid. 
Eulenburg's disease (oil'en-burgz) [Albert Eulen- 
burg, German neurologist, born 1840]. See disease. 
eulexin (u-lek'sin). Same as ulexin. 
eulyptol (u-lip'tol). An antiseptic preparation 
consisting of salicylic acid (6 parts), carbolic 
acid (1 part), and oil of eucalyptus (1 part). 
eumeno 1 (u-me'nol). A non-toxic extract of the 
root of tang-kui, a Chinese plant: useful in amen- 
orrhea and dysmenorrhea. Dose, 1 fl.dr. (3'-75 
c.c.). 
eumetria (u-me'tre-ah) [Gr. "moderation"]. A 
normal condition of nerve impulse. 
eumictin (u-mik'tin). An antigonorrheal prepa- 
ration of santol, salol, and urotropin. 
eumorphism (u-mor'fizm) [Gr. ev well + pbpw 
form]. Retention of the normal form of a cell. 
eumydrin (u-mid'rin). Atropin methylnitrate, Cis- 
H2o03N.(CH3)2.N03, a white powder, moderately 
soluble in water. It is used as a mydriatic and has 
been recommended for use in the sweating of pul- 
monary tuberculosis. Dose, -fa-fa gr. (0.001- 
0.0025 gm.). 
eunatrol (u-na'trol). Sodium oleate, CH3(CH2)7- 
CH:CH(CH2)7CO.ONa, a patented remedy for 
gall-stones and hepatic disorders. Dose, 15 gr. 
(1 gm.) in a pill. 
eunoia (u-noi'ah) [Gr. ev well + vovs mind]. Alert- 
ness of mind and will. 
eunol (u'nol). See alpha-eunol, bela-eunol, 
eunuch (u'nuk) [Gr. evv-q couch + eyeiv to hold]. 
A man or boy deprived of the testes or external 
genital organs. 
eunuchism (u'nuk-izm). The condition of a cas- 
trated male, pituitary e., loss of sexual power 
due to derangement of the pituitary secretion, as 
by tumor. 
eunuchoid (u'nuk-oid). 1. Noting a fibroid con- 
dition of a physiologically inactive testicle; also 
noting a high-pitched falsetto voice in a man. 2. 
A cryptorchid person with defective masculinity 
of appearance, causing him to resemble a eunuch. 
eunuchoidism (u'nuk-oid-izm). A defective state 
of the testicles or of the testicular secretion, with 
impaired sexual power and eunuch-like symptoms. 
euonymin (u-on'im-in). 1. A resinoid obtained 
from Euon'ymus atropurpu'rea. 2. An aperient 
and cholagogue principle from the same. Dose, 
|-3 gr. (0.022-0.2 gm.). 
Euonymus (u-on'im-us) [Gr. ev well + bvopa 
name]. A genus of celastraceous shrubs and 
trees. The bark of the root of E. atropurpu'- 
rea, wahoo: it is cholagogue, aperient, diuretic, 
and tonic. Dose of extract, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 
gm.); of fluidextract, j-i dr. (1.9-3.75 c.c.). 
euophthalmin (u-of-thal'min) [Gr. ev well + 
6<p0a\pos eye], A white, crystalline powder, the 
hydrochloric salt of oxytoluyl-methyl-vinyl-di- 
acetone-alkamin. It is used as a mydriatic in 2 to 
5 per cent, solutions. 
eupad (u'pad). Two papers, one containing calcium 
chlorid and the other boric acid. Equal parts of 
the contents of each are dissolved together in 
water, in the proportion of 25 gm. of the combined 
powder to 1 liter of water, to make eusol. 
eupancreatism (u-pan'kre-at-izm). A normal con- 
dition of the pancreatic function. 
eupatorin (u-pat-o'rin). 1. A bitter glucosid 
from various species of Eupatorium. 2. A name 
for various precipitates derived from Eupato'rium 
per Jalia' turn: diaphoretic, aperient, tonic, and 
stomachic. Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.066-0.266 gm.). 
Eupatorium (u-pat-o're-um). A genus of com- 
posite-flowered plants. The leaves and tops of 
E. perfolia' turn, boneset or thoroughwort, are 
tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and stomachic. They 
are used in dyspepsia and in inflammatory and 
febrile conditions. Dose of fluidextract, 10-60 
min. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
eupepsia, eupepsy (u-pep'se-ah, u'pep-se) [Gr. 
ev well + Treats digestion]. Good digestion; par- 
ticularly the presence of a normal amount of pepsin 
in the gastric juice. 
eupeptic (u-pep'tik). Having a good digestion. 
euperistalsis (u-per-e-stal'sis). Normal or painless 
peristalsis. 
euphagia (u-fa'je-ah) [Gr. ev well + tpayelv to eat]. 
A normal and proper manner of eating. 
Euphorbia (u-fo/be-ah). An extensive genus of 
trees, shrubs, and herbs; the spurges. They are 
actively emetic, cathartic, and poisonous. E. 
corolla'ta, E. ipecacuan'ha grow in Amer- 
ica, and have been used as emetics, cathartics, 
and diaphoretics. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.25 gm.). 
E. drummon'dii, an Australian plant, affords 
drumin. E. pilulif'era, a species used for 
asthma, emphysema, etc., growing in various hot 
regions. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2- 
4 c.c.). E. resinif'era furnishes euphorbium. 
euphorbin (u-foEbin). A dry concentrate pre- 
pared from the root of Euphor'bia corolla'ta: an 
arterial sedative, purgative, and expectorant. 
Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133-0.256 gm.). 
euphorbium (u-for'be-um). An acrid, irritant 
gum-resin obtained from Euphor'bia resinif'era. 
It was formerly used in medicine as a stimulant 
and counterirritant; used in veterinary practice. 
euphoria (u-fo're-ah) [Gr. ev<popla\. Bodily com- 
fort; well-being; absence of pain or distress. 
euphorin (u'fo-rin). Ethyl phenyl carbamate, Co- 
H5.NH.CO2.C2H5, a white, crystalline powder de- 
rived from anilin. It is analgesic, antipyretic, 
and antiseptic, and is used in neuralgia and 
rheumatism. Dose, 7-15 gr. (0.454-1 gm.). 
euphthalmin hydrochlor id (uf-thal'min). A 
colorless, crystalline alkaloid, tetramethyl-mandel- 
oxy-piperidine hydrochlorid, C17H25NO3.HCI, de- 
rived from eucain b. and mandelic acid. Its aque- 
ous solution is a strong mydriatic, used in 2 to 10 
per cent, solution, e. salicylate, C17H25O3N.- 
(OH)C6H4.COOH. 
euphyllin (u-fil'in). A combination of theophyllin 
and ethylenediamin: used as a diuretic. Dose, 
1-8 gr. (0.065-0.5 gm.). 
eupicin (u-pis'in). A condensation product of 
formaldehyd and coal-tar: used in skin diseases. EUPLASTIC 
402 
EUXANTHON 
euplastic (u-plas'tik) [Gr. ev well + irXavriKov plas- 
tic], Readily becoming organized; adapted to 
the formation of tissue. 
eupnea, eupnoea (up-ne'ah) [Gr. ev well + irvelv 
to breathe]. Easy or normal respiration. 
euporphin (u-por'fin). Apomorphin bromomethyl- 
ate: used like apomorphin hydrochlorid. 
eupraxia (u-praks'e-ah). Intactness of reproduc- 
tion of coordinated movements. 
eupraxic (u-praks'ik) [Gr. ev well + irpaGtreiv to 
perform]. Concerned in the proper performance of 
a function. 
Euproc'tis crysorrhoe'a. The brown-tail moth. 
See brown-tail moth dermatitis, under dermatitis. 
eupurpurin (u-pur'pur-in). A dry concentrate 
from Eupato'rium purpu'reum: it is diuretic. 
eupyrexia (u-pi-reks'e-ah) [Gr. ev well + 7rup fire]. 
A slight fever in the early stage of an infection, 
regarded as an attempt on the part of the organ- 
ism to combat the infection. 
eupyrin (u-pi'rin). The ethyl carbonate of van- 
illin in combination with paraphenetidin, C2H5O.- 
Cdh-N: CH.C6H3(O.CH3)O.COOC2H5: said to 
be a valuable antipyretic. Dose, 15-25 gr. (1-1.66 
gm.). 
euquinin (u-kwin'in). Same as euchinin. 
euresol (u're-sol). Resorcin monoacetate, OH.Ce- 
H4.O.CO.CH3, a proprietary yellow, viscid, but 
pulverizable substance: used in ointments for skin 
diseases. 
eurobin (u-ro'bin). Chrysarobin triacetate: used 
like chrysarobin. 
euroblepharon (u-ro-blef'ar-on) [Gr. evpbs wide + 
&\e<papov lid]. Large eyelids. 
europhen (u'ro-fen). Diisobutyl orthocresol iodid: 
an amorphous, yellow iodoform and iodin sub- 
stitute. It is applied to chancres and given hypo- 
dermically in syphilis. Dose, hypodermically, 
i~r| gr. (0.016-0.099 gm.). 
europhenol (u-ro-fe'nol). A europhen and ich- 
thyol derivative: used principally in ointments. 
europium (u-ro'pe-um). A rare element, atomic 
weight 152, symbol Eu. 
Eurotium (u-ro'she-um) [Gr. evpus mold]. A 
genus of fungi or molds. E. re'pens is some- 
times seen on bread and on preserved fruits. E. 
malig'num is occasionally found in the ear. 
eurygnathic (u-rig-nath'ik). Having a wide jaw- 
eurygnathism (u-rig'nath-izm) [Gr. ebpvs wide 
+ yvaOos jaw]. The state of having a wide jaw. 
euryon (u're-on) [Gr. evpvs wide]. The point at 
either end of the greatest transverse diameter of 
the skull. 
eurythermic (u-rith-er'mik). [Gr. evpvs wide + 
6eppr) heat]. Able to grow through a wide range 
of temperature: said of bacteria. 
eurythrol (u'rith-rol). A thick, honey-like extract 
of ox's spleen, used for chlorosis and anemia. 
Dose, 1-2 fl.dr. (3.75-7-5 c.c.) daily. 
eusapyl (u-sap'il). A proprietary solution of 
potassium ricinoleate and chlormetacresol: used 
as a hand-disinfectant. 
euscope (u'skop) [Gr. ev well + aKorrelv to see]. 
A device for projecting the image from a compound 
microscope upon a barium screen in a dark chamber 
so that it may be easily viewed. The image may 
also be projected upon a ground-glass screen so as 
to be viewed by several persons at one time. 
euscopol (u-sko'pol). The proprietary name for 
optically inactive scopolamin hydrobromid, C17H21- 
NO4.HBr. 
eusemin (u-se'min). A mixture of 0.0075 cocain 
and 0.0005 of adrenalin: used as an anesthetic in 
eye and dental operations. 
eusitia (u-sit'e-ah or u-sish'e-ah) [Gr. ev well + 
ctItos food]. Normal appetite. 
eusol (u'sol). An antiseptic solution prepared from 
eupad, and containing calcium chlorid, calcium 
borate, and hypochlorous acid: used in treating 
wounds. See Dakin's fluid, under fluid. 
eusoma (u-so'mah). A proprietary echinacea 
compound: used as an intestinal disinfectant and 
as a dressing in skin diseases. 
eusplanchnia (u-splangk'ne-ah) [Gr. eu well + 
aTrXayxva viscera], A normal condition of the 
internal organs. 
eustachian (u-sta'ke-an) [named after Bartolom- 
meo Eustachio, an Italian anatomist, 1520-1574]. 
See under canal, tube, valve, etc. 
eustachitis (u-sta-ki'tis). Inflammation of the 
eustachian tube. 
eustachium (u-sta'ke-um). The eustachian tube, 
eustenin (u-ste'nin). The double salt of theobro- 
min sodium and sodium iodid, C?H7O2N4Na.NaI: 
used in arteriosclerosis and angina pectoris. Dose, 
7-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
Eustrongylus (u-stron'gi-lus). A genus of nema- 
tode parasites. E. gi'gas, a species found com- 
monly in dogs, cattle, horses, and other animals, 
but rarely in man. It is red in color, 1 to 3 feet in 
length, and is found mostly in the pelvis of the kid- 
ney or free in the peritoneal cavity. It causes 
atrophy and distention of the kidney. Also called 
Strongylus gigas. 
eusystole (u-sis'to-le) [Gr. ev well 4- systole]. A 
normal state of the systole of the heart. 
eusystolic (u-sis-tol'ik). Pertaining to or exhibiting 
a normal cardiac systole. 
eutectan (u-tek'tan). An acid bismuth salt of 
guaiacol, used in gastric ulcer, tuberculosis, intes- 
tinal catarrh, etc. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.6-1.3 gm.). 
eutectic (u-tek'tik) [Gr. ev well + t^ktos melting]. 
Melting readily: said of a mixture that melts more 
easily than any of its ingredients, e. mixture, 
a mixture of two or more substances in the pro- 
portion that gives the lowest melting-point, e. 
temperature, the temperature at which a eu- 
tectic mixture melts. 
eutelolecithal (u-tel-o-les'ith-al) [Gr. ev well + 
telolecithal]. Having an ovum in which the deuto- 
plasm is greatly in excess of the cell protoplasm: 
said of the ova of birds and many reptiles. Cf. 
oligolecithal and telolecithal. 
euthanasia (u-than-a'ze-ah) [Gr. eu well + Oavaros 
death]. An easy or painless death. 
euthenic (u-then'ik). Conducive to race improve- 
ment through environment. 
euthenics (u-then'iks) [Gr. eu well + riflevai to 
thrive]. The science of race improvement through 
the regulation of environment. 
euthermic (u-ther'mik) [Gr. ev well + depprj heat]. 
Promoting warmth. 
euthymol (u-thi'mol). A proprietary antiseptic 
preparation of eucalyptus and thymol. 
euthyphoria (u-the-fo're-ah) [Gr. evOvs straight + 
<pepecu to bear]. Normal adjustment of the plane 
of vision so that it coincides with the plane of the 
horizon. 
eutocia (u-to'se-ah) [Gr. ebro/da]. Safe, easy, or 
natural parturition or childbirth. 
eutrepisty (u'tre-pis-te) [Gr. evrpeTrris well pre- 
spared], The practice of administering a remedy 
before an operation to lessen the danger of in- 
fection. 
eutrichosis (u-trik-o'sis) [Gr. ev well + 0pl£, rplxos 
hair]. A normal development of the hair. 
eutrophia (u-tro'fe-ah). A healthy state of nutri- 
tion. 
eutrophic (u-trof'ik) [Gr. ev well + rpo<pp nutri- 
tion]. Producing healthy nutrition. 
euvaselin (u-vas'el-in). Vaselin the melting-point 
- of which is raised by the addition of ceresin. 
euxanthon (u-zan'thon). A ketone, dioxydiphenyl- 
ene ketone oxid, CtXCeHsOHJjO, obtained from 
Indian yellow. EUZONE 
403 
EXCIPIENT 
euzone (u'zon). A white powder said to contain 
22 per cent, of hydrogen dioxid. 
evacuant (e-vak'u-ant) [L. evac'uans making 
empty]. 1. Emptying; serving to clear the bowels. 
2. A remedy which empties any organ; a cathartic, 
emetic, or diuretic. 
evacuation (e-vak-u-a'shun) [L. evacua'tio, from 
e out + vac'uus emptyl. 1. An emptying, as of 
the bowels. 2. A dejection or stool; material dis- 
charged from the bowels. 
evacuator (e-vak'u-a-tor). An instrument for 
compelling an evacuation, as of the bowels or 
bladder, or for removing fluid or small particles 
from a cavity. 
evagination (e-vaj-in-a'shun). A protrusion of 
some part or organ, optic e., the diverticulum in 
the primitive embryonic fore-brain from which the 
eye-cup is developed. 
evanescent (ev-an-es'ent) [L. evanes'cere to vanish 
away]. Vanishing away; passing away quickly; 
unstable; unfixed. 
evaporation (e-vap-o-ra'shun) [L. e out 4- va- 
por a're to steam]. Conversion of a liquid or solid 
into vapor. 
evatmine (e-vat'min). A proprietary preparation 
for treating asthma containing pituitary extract, 
adrenin, and physiologic salt solution. 
evectics (e-vek'tiks) [L. eve'here to lift up]. The 
study of methods of acquiring a good habit of body. 
eventration (e-ven-tra'shun) [L. eventra'tio dis- 
embowelment, from e out 4- ven'ter belly]. Pro- 
trusion of the bowels from the abdomen, whether 
or not congenital. 
eversion (e-ver'shun) [L. ever'sio]. A turning out- 
ward or inside out. 
evert (e-vert') [L. e out 4- ver'tere to turn]. To 
turn inside out; to turn out. 
evidement (a-ved-maw') [Fr.]. The operation of 
scooping out a cavity or a diseased portion of an 
organ. 
evideur (a-ve-dur') [Fr.]. An instrument for per- 
forming evidement. 
evisceration (e-vis-er-a'shun) [L. eviscera'tio; e 
out 4" vis'cus viscus]. 1. Disembowelment; re- 
moval of the entrails or viscera. 2. Removal of 
the contents of an organ, as the eye. e. of the 
eye, surgical removal of the contents of the eye, 
the sclera being left intact, obstetric e., the 
removal of the abdominal and thoracic viscera 
of the fetus in order to facilitate delivery, e. of 
the orbit, removal of the contents of the orbit, 
with scooping out of its periosteal lining. 
evisceroneurotomy (e-vis"er-o-nu-rot'o-me). 
Evisceration of the eye with division of the optic 
nerve. 
evolution (ev-o-lu'shun) [L. evolu'tio, from e out 
4- vol'vere to roll]. 1. An unrolling. 2. A process 
of development in which an organ or organism 
becomes more and more complex by the differ- 
entiation of its parts; a continuous and progressive 
change according to certain laws and by means of 
resident forces. 3. The theory of early physiolo- 
gists that the fully formed animal or plant exists 
in a minute form in the germ-cell. This theory 
was opposed to that of epigenesis. Called also 
preformation or incasement, bathmic e., evolu- 
tion due to something in the organism itself inde- 
pendent of environment. Called also orthogenic e. 
organic e., the origin and development of species; 
the theory that existing organisms are the result of 
descent with modification from those of past times, 
orthogenic e., bathmic e. spontaneous e., 
the unaided expulsion of a transversely placed 
fetus without the process of version or turning. 
evulsion (e-vul'shun) [L. evul'sio, from e out 4- 
vel'lere to pluck]. The plucking or tearing out, 
as of a polypus. 
Ewald's enema, test-meal (a'vahlts) [Carl Anton 
Ewald, physician in Berlin, 1845-1915]. See enema 
and test-meal. 
Ewart's sign (ew'arts) [William Ewart, English 
physician, born 1848]. See under sign. 
ex (ex) [L. for "out," "away from"]. A Latin prepo- 
sition used as a prefix. 
exacerbation (ex-as-er-ba'shun) [L. ex over 4- 
acer'bus harsh]. Increase in the severity of any 
symptoms or disease. 
exacrinous (ex-ak'rin-us) [Gr. outside + Kploeiv 
to secrete]. Pertaining to the external secretion of 
a gland. 
exalgin (ex-al'jin) [Gr. out + aXyos pain]. 
Methylacetanilid, CH3.N.C6H5.CO.CH3, a benzene 
derivative: it is used as an analgesic and anti- 
pyretic. Dose, 3-4 gr. (0.033-0.26 gm.). 
exaltation (ex-awl-ta'shun). An abnormal mental 
state, marked by a feeling of great importance and 
ecstatic spiritual elevation. 
exanthem, exanthema (ex-an'them, ex-an-the'- 
mah), pl. exanthem'ala [Gr. QavOi)p.a. eruption]. 
Any eruptive disease; an eruptive fever; also the 
eruption which characterizes such a fever. See 
eruption. For table of exanthemata, see pages 
404, 405. vesicular e., a vesicular eruption in 
horses marked by the formation of nodules, vesicles, 
and pustules in the mucous membrane of the vagina 
and the skin of the vulva and penis. 
exanthematous (ex-an-them'at-us). Pertaining 
to, characterized by, or of the nature of an ex- 
anthem. 
exanthrope (ex'an-throp) [Gr. out + &v0puTros 
man]. Any source of disease not situated within 
the human body. 
exanthropic (ex-an-throp'ik). Of the nature of 
an exanthrope; not situated within the human 
body. 
exarteritis (ex-ar-te-ri'tis), [ex 4- arteritis]. In- 
flammation of the outer arterial coat. 
exarticulation (ex"ar-tik-u-la'shun) [L. ex out 
4- artic'ulus joint]. Amputation at a joint. 
excarnation (ex-kar-na'shun) [L. ex out + ca'ro, 
car'nis flesh]. Removal of superfluous corneous 
tissue from a preparation. 
excavatio (ex-ka-va'she-o) [L.]. Excavation, e. 
papil'lae ner'vi op'tici [B N A], a depression in 
the center of the optic papilla, e. recto-uteri'na 
[B N A], _ the recto-uterine pouch, e. recto- 
vesica'lis [B N A], the rectovesical pouch, e. 
vesico-uteri'na [B N A], the vesico-uterine 
pouch. 
excavation (ex-ka-va'shun) [L. excava'tio, from 
ex out + ca'vus hollow], 1. The act of hollow- 
ing out. 2. A hollow, or place that has become 
hollow atrophic e., the cupping of the optic 
disk, which is due to atrophy of the optic nerve- 
fibers. glaucomatous e., cupping of the disk, 
which is total and due to abnormally high intra- 
ocular pressure, e. of the optic disk, depres- 
sion of the optic disk below the retinal surface, 
physiologic e., partial cupping of the optic disk 
occurring physiologically. 
excavator (ex'ka-va-tor). A form of scoop or 
gouge for surgeons' use. dental e., an instru- 
ment for removing decayed portions of a tooth. 
excelsin (ex-sel'sin). A crystalline protein from the 
brazil nut. 
excementosis (ex-se-men-to'sis). Hypertrophy of 
the cementum of the root of a tooth; hypercemen- 
tosis. 
excentric (ex-sen'trik). Same as eccentric. 
excerebration (ex"ser-e-bra'shun) [L. ex out + 
cer'ebrum brain]. The removal of the brain, 
chiefly that of the fetus in embryotomy. 
excernant (ex-ser'nant) [L. excer'nere to excrete, 
to purge]. Causing an evacuation or discharge. 
excipient (ex-sip'e-ent) [L. excip'iens, from ex out 
+ cap'ere to take]. Any more or less inert sub- 
stance added to a prescription in order to confer 
a suitable consistency or form to the drug. EXANTHEMATA 
404 
EXANTHEMATA 
Disease. 
Early 
Symptoms. 
Length of 
Incubation. 
Site of 
Eruption. 
Character of 
Exanthem. 
Later Symptoms. 
Duration of 
Eruption. 
Duration of 
Disease. 
Degree of Con- 
tagiousness. 
Complications 
and Sequels. 
MannerofCon- 
VALESCENCE. 
Cerebrospinal 
Meningitis. 
Fever, rigors, 
occipital and 
abdominal 
pains; head 
retracted; de- 
lirium and 
vomiting. 
Two to four 
days. 
General. 
Herpetic vesication 
of lips ; entire body 
spotted as with 
purpura and ery- 
thematous 
patches. 
Stasis ; ptosis ; stra- 
bismus ; hemiple- 
gia; muscular rig- 
idity. 
Various. 
Various. 
Epidemic. 
Arthritis; deaf- 
ness ; pneumo- 
nia ; keratitis; 
retrobulbar neu" 
ritis; parotid- 
itis. 
By lysis, often 
slow. 
Dengue. 
High fever; 
pain in back, 
head, and 
joints. 
Three to five 
days. 
Hands and feet, 
then the whole 
body. 
Redness of joints; 
papules or fuga- 
cious erythema, 
with itching : usu- 
ally recurrent. 
Fever, pains, and 
prostration during 
stages of eruption. 
Two to five 
days ; often re- 
current. 
Various ; often 
protracted. 
Highly conta- 
gious. 
Parotid and 
glandular swell- 
ings ; epistaxis, 
and other hem- 
orrhages. 
By lysis, often 
slow. 
Erysipelas. 
Chills; mild fe- 
ver. 
One-half to 
three days. 
Usually begins 
on face; in 
traumatic 
cases, near 
wound. 
Vivid red, spread- 
ing patches; sub- 
cutaneous edema, 
with infiltration. 
Fever and swell- 
ings ; headache; 
sometimes burn- 
ing pain and sup- 
puration. 
May disappear 
on the fifth, 
sixth, or sev- 
enth day; re- 
lapses are 
usual. 
One to three or 
four weeks. 
Specially con- 
tagious in 
cases of 
wounds. 
Phlebitis ; perito- 
nitis ; pleurisy; 
laryngeal ede- 
ma ; meningitis. 
By crisis. 
Glanders. 
Chills; high fe- 
ver ; pain; 
sweating, and 
acrid coryza. 
Three to fifteen 
days. 
Face, neck, 
belly, and ex- 
tremities. 
Papules, changing 
to hard vesicu- 
lated tubercles, 
which suppurate 
and become 
sloughing ulcers. 
Increased fever, ab- 
scesses, and ede- 
matous patches; a 
typhoidal state. 
Extremely con- 
tagious. 
Bronchitis ; pneu- 
monia ; pleurisy ; 
gangrene; diar- 
rhea. 
Acute cases 
usually fatal; 
chronic ones 
may recover 
by a slow 
lysis. 
Measles. 
Acute catarrh 
of conjunctiva, 
nose, and 
fauces; dark 
spots on buc- 
cal mucosa; 
bronchitis; 
photophobia, 
and headache. 
Ten days to 
two weeks. 
Forehead, face, 
chin, neck; 
then down- 
ward over the 
body and 
limbs. 
Small, dark-pink 
macules in cres- 
centic groups : 
sometimes con- 
fluent. 
Fever with catarrh- 
al symptoms, fol- 
lowed by a branny 
desquamation. 
Four to eight 
days. 
Fourteen days. 
Highly conta- 
gious, espe- 
cially in the 
early stage. 
Bronchitis; pneu- 
monia; otitis; 
diarrhea; some- 
times pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 
Crisis. 
Roseola Epi- 
demica, or 
German measles; 
Rotheln. 
Fever; head- 
ache ; general 
pains (usually 
slight). 
Five to twenty- 
one days. 
Scalp and sides 
of face; hand 
and forearm; 
spreading rap- 
idly to body. 
Minute, rosy, itch- 
ing papules, vari- 
ously disposed 
and grouped. 
Slight fever; sore 
throat; conjuncti- 
val congestion. 
Three days. 
Four to eight 
days. 
Very conta- 
gious. 
Rarely followed 
by tuberculosis 
of lungs. 
By crisis. 
Scarlatina. 
Chills; high fe- 
ver ; sore 
throat; vomit- 
ing. 
Few hours to a 
week. 
Head, face, 
wrists, abdo- 
men ; spread- 
ing swiftly . 
Minute rosy pap- 
ules, soon coales- 
cing into a uni. 
form scarlet ery- 
thema. 
Fever, tonsillitis, 
pharyngitis. 
Seven to ten 
days. 
Two to three 
weeks. 
Highly and in- 
creasingly 
contagious un- 
til end of des- 
quamation. 
Nephritis ; ure- 
mia; otitis; 
iheumatism, etc. 
By lysis. 
Small-pox ; 
Variola. 
Chills, fever, 
sweating,vom- 
iting, pain in 
back and head, 
etc. 
Ten days to 
two weeks 
Face, neck, 
head, wrists, 
body, and mu- 
cosa. 
Shot-like papules, 
changing to vesi- 
cles. and about the 
fourth day becom- 
ing pustules. 
Ptyalism ; after pus- 
tulation, chills and 
secondary fever. 
Twenty-one to 
twenty-five 
days. 
Four to five 
weeks. 
Extremely con- 
tagious. 
Keratitis; ab- 
scesses ; empy- 
ema ; edema of 
glottis, etc. 
By lysis. 
A TABLE OF THE EXANTHEMATA. EXANTHEMATA 
405 
EXCRETION 
Typhoid 
Fever. 
Approach in- 
sidious ; weari- 
ness ; loss of 
strength; in- 
creasing fe- 
ver ; epis- 
taxis ; pains; 
diarrhea, or 
constipation. 
Six to twenty- 
five days. 
Abdomen, 
chest, and 
back. 
Small rose-colored 
spot, disappearing 
on pressure. 
Increased pyrexia, 
abdominal tender- 
ness, chiefly in 
right iliac fossa, 
prostration, delir- 
ium, tympanites, 
hemorrhage, etc. 
Three to five 
days for each 
crop of spots. 
Three to four 
weeks. 
Contagion 
propagated 
mainly by the 
stools. 
Intestinal hemor- 
rhage and per- 
foration ; perito- 
nitis ; pneumo- 
nia; osteochon- 
dritis, etc. 
By lysis; often 
protracted. 
Typhus 
Fever. 
Chills, fever, 
and pain. 
Two to twenty- 
one days. 
Side of thorax, 
abdomen, 
wrists, and 
hands; then 
general, ex- 
cept on face 
and neck. 
Dusky patches, dis- 
appearing on pres- 
sure, and small, 
dark-pink papules. 
Fever, headache, 
stupor, delirium. 
Two or three 
weeks, or 
more. 
Two to four 
weeks. 
Highly conta- 
gious. 
Bronchitis; pneu- 
monia ; suppura- 
tive arthritis ; 
gangrene; ab- 
scesses, etc. 
By crisis. 
Vaccinia ; 
Cow-pox. 
Fever, head- 
ache, pain. 
Eight days. 
Mostly at, or 
near site of, 
inoculation. 
A papule at site of 
inoculation, be- 
coming a pustule. 
Ten to fifteen 
days. 
By inoculation; 
rarely commu- 
nicated from 
cows to their 
milkers. 
Impure virus may 
lead to blood- 
poisoning, syph- 
ilis, or other un- 
toward sequelae. 
Varicella; 
Chicken-pox. 
Feverishness. 
Four to sixteen 
days. 
Chest and body 
generally. 
Crops of rose-pink 
papules, which 
change into vesi- 
cles. 
Fever, mild or 
sometimes severe, 
headache. 
One or two 
weeks. 
Very conta- 
gions. 
By lysis. 
excision (ex-sizh'un) [L. exci'sio, from ex out 4- 
ca'dere to cut]. An act of cutting away or taking 
out. 
excitability (ex-si-tab-il'it-e). Readiness to re- 
spond to a stimulus; irritability. 
excitable (ex-sit'a-bl) [L. excitab'Uis]. Suscepti- 
ble of stimulation; responding to a stimulus. 
excitant (ex-sit'ant) [L. ex out + cita're to call]. 
Any agent which produces excitation of the vital 
functions, or of those of the brain. 
excitation (ex-si-ta'shun) [L. excita'tio; ex out + 
cita're to call]. An act of irritation or stimu- 
lation; a condition of being excited, direct e., 
the stimulation of a muscle by placing an elec- 
trode on the muscle itself, indirect e., the 
stimulation of a muscle through its nerve. 
excitatory (ex-si'ta-to-re). i. Tending to excita- 
tion or stimulation. 2. Tending to disassimilation. 
excitoglandular (ex-si" to-glan'du-lar). Causing 
activity of the glandular functions. 
excitometabolic (ex-si"to-met-ab-ol'ik). Produc- 
ing metabolic changes. 
excitomotor (ex-si" to-mo'tor). 1. Tending to 
produce motion or motor function. 2. An agent 
which induces motion or functional activity. 
excitomotory (ex-si-to-mo'to-re). Excitomotor. 
excitomuscular (ex-si"to-mus'ku-lar). Causing 
muscular motion. 
excitonutrient (ex-si-to-nu'tre-ent). Exciting or 
stimulating nutrition. 
excitor (ex-si'tor). A nerve, the stimulation of which 
excites greater action in the part which it supplies. 
excitosecretory (ex-si" to-se-kre'to-re). Produc- 
ing increased secretion. 
excitovascular (ex-si" to-vas'ku-lar). Causing 
vascular changes, with consequent flushings and 
erections, and probably certain skin diseases. 
exclave (ex'klav) [L. ex out 4- cla'vis key]. A de- 
tached part of an organ, as of the pancreas or ovary. 
exclusion (ex-klu'zhun) [L. exclu'sio, from ex out 
+ clau'dere to shut]. The act or process of eject- 
ing, rejecting, or extruding. Specifically, an 
operation in which a portion of an organ is sep- 
arated from the rest of the organ, but is not re- 
moved from the body, diagnosis by e., the 
making of a diagnosis by rejecting one hypothe- 
sis after another until the only tenable one remains. 
excochleation (ex-kok-le-a'shun) [L. ex out 4- 
coch'lea spoon]. The operation of cureting or 
scooping out a cavity. 
excoriation (ex-ko-re-a'shun) [L. excoria're to 
flay, from ex out + co'rium skin]. Any superfi- 
cial loss of substance, such as that produced on 
the skin by scratching. 
excrement (ex'kre-ment) [L. excr emen' turn, from 
ex out + ceUnere to separate]. Fecal matter; 
matter cast out as waste from the body. 
excrementitious (ex"kre-men-tish'us). Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of excrement; fecal. 
excrescence (ex-kres'ens) [L. ex out 4- cres'cere 
to grow]. Any abnormal outgrowth; a projection 
of morbid origin, cauliflower e., soft cancer of 
the cervix uteri; condyloma acuminatum, fung- 
ating e., fungous e., a fungous growth in the 
umbilicus after- separation of the umbilical cord; 
granuloma of the umbilicus. 
excrescent (ex-kres'ent). Resembling or of the 
nature of an excrescence. 
excreta (ex-kre'tah) [L., pl.]. Matters excreted; 
waste-matters; materials cast out by the body. 
excrete (ex-kret') [L. exce/nere]. 1. To throw 
off, as waste matter, by a normal discharge. 2. 
Any excreted or discharged waste matter. 
excretin (ex'kre-tin). A crystalline compound, 
C2oH360, derivable from human feces. 
excretion (ex-kre'shun) [L. excre'tio]. 1. The act, 
process, or function of excreting. 2. The material 
elaborated by the process of excreting. EXCRETORY 
406 
EXOPATHIC 
excretory (ex'kre-to-re). Of or pertaining to or 
subserving excretion. 
excursion (ex-kur'shun) [L. excur'sio, from ex out 
+ cur'rere to run]. A wandering off from, as 
of the eyes from a midposition. 
excystation (ex-sis-ta'shun). Escape from a cyst 
or envelope. 
exemia (ex-e'me-ah) [Gr. Q out 4- alpa blood]. Loss 
of blood from the circulation, though not from the 
body; a term that has been applied to surgical shock. 
exencephalia (ex"en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. out 4- 
eyKtpaXos brain]. Congenital exposure of the 
brain of a teratism. 
exencephalous (ex-en-sef'al-us). Characterized 
by exencephalia. 
exencephalus (ex-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. out + ey- 
KetpaXos brain]. A monster having an imperfect 
cranium, with the brain on the outside of the 
skull. 
exencephaly (ex-en-sef'al-e). Exencephalia. 
exenteration (ex-en-ter-a'shun) [Cr. out + 
evrepov bowel]. Same as evisce.atio:-. 
exenteritis (ex-en-ter-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
peritoneal covering of the intestine. 
exercise bone (ex'er-stz). A bone developed in a 
muscle, tendon, or fascia, and formed as a result 
of overexercise, passive e., muscular exercise 
produced by mechanical means (massage, passive 
movements, etc.) without voluntary effort on the 
part of the patient. 
exeresis (ex-er'es-is) [Gr. out + tipcats taking]. 
Removal or exclusion of a nerve, vessel, or other 
part or organ. 
exesion (ex-e'zhun) [L. exe'dere to eat out],. The 
gradual destruction of superficial parts of a tis- 
sue. 
exfetation (ex-fe-ta'shun) [L. ex out + fce'tus]. 
Extra-uterine pregnancy. 
exflagellation (ex-flaj-el-a'shun) [L. ex out + 
jlagel'lum]. The protrusion or formation of fla- 
gella by a protozoon. 
exfoliation (ex-fo-le-a'shun) [L. ex out + fo'lium 
leaf]. A falling off in scales or layers. 
exhalation (ex-ha-la'shun) [L. exhala'tio, from ex 
out + hcda're to breathe]. 1. The giving off of 
watery or other vapor, or of an effluvium. 2. A 
vapor or other substance exhaled or given off. 
exhaustion (ex-hawst'yun) [L. ex out + hauri're 
to drain]. 1. Privation of energy with consequent 
inability to respond to stimuli. 2. Withdrawal. 
3. Condition of emptiness caused by withdrawal. 
4. Emptying by a process of withdrawal, ner- 
vous e., depression of vital functions due to ex- 
cessive demands upon the nervous energy; neu- 
rasthenia. 
Exhib. Abbreviation for L. exhibea'tur, let it be 
given. 
exhibit (ex-hib'it) [L. exhibe're to give out]. To 
administer as a remedy. 
exhibitionism (ex-hib-ish'un-izm). The insane 
habit of exposing the genital organs. 
exhilarant (ex-hil'ar-ant) [L. exhila're to gladden]. 
J- Causing elevation or gladness. 2. An enliven- 
ing or elating agent. 
exhumation (ex-hu-ma'shun) [L. ex out + hu'mus 
earth]. Disinterment; removal of the dead body 
from the earth after burial. 
exitus (ek'sit-us) [L.]. A going out; an exit or out- 
let. e. pel'vis, the inferior outlet of the pelvis. 
Exner's nerve, plexus (ex'nerz) [Siegmund Exner, 
Austrian physiologist, born 1846]. See under 
nerve and plexus. 
exo- [Gr. efw outside]. A prefix meaning outward, 
exocardia (ex-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. outside + Kapbia 
heart]. Displacement or abnormal position of 
the heart. 
exocardiac, exocardial (ex-o-kar'de-ak, ex-o- 
kar'de-al) [Gr. efa outside + naphta heart]. Situ- 
ated, occurring, or developed outside the heart. 
exocataphoria (ex"o-kat-af-o're-ah) [Gr. out- 
ward + cataphoria]. The condition in which the 
visual axis turns downward and outward. 
exochorion (ex-o-ko're-on). That part of the 
chorion which is derived from the ectoderm. 
exocoeloma (ex"o-se-lo'mah). That part of the 
coelom which is situated in the extra-embryonic 
region of the embryo. 
exocolitis (ex"o-ko-li'tis) [Gr. without + co- 
litis]. Inflammation of the outer coat of the colon. 
exocrin (ex'o-krin) [Gr. without + Kplvew to 
separate]. The external secretion of a gland. 
exocyclic (ex-o-sik'lik). A term applied to cyclic 
chemical compounds having their double bond in 
the side chain. 
exodic (ex-od'ik) [Gr. out + bbbs way]. Cen- 
trifugal or efferent. 
exodin (ex'o-din). A yellow, tasteless, insoluble 
powder, diacetyl-rufigallic-acid tetramethyl ether. 
It is a tonic cathartic. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.2 gm.). 
exodontia (ex-o-don'she-ah) [Gr. e£ out 4- 66ovs 
tooth]. 1. The extraction of teeth. 2. Forward 
protrusion of the teeth. 
exodontist (ex-o-don'tist). A specialist in extrac- 
tion of teeth. 
exodontology (eks-o-don-tol'o-je). That depart- 
ment of dentistry which deals with extraction of 
the teeth. 
exodyne (ex'o-din) [Gr. 1$ out + bbvvr) pain]. An 
antipyretic and anodyne mixture of acetanilid, 
sodium salicylate, and sodium bicarbonate. 
exo-enzyme (ex-o-en'zim). An extracellular en- 
zyme; an enzyme which acts outside of the cells 
in which it originates. 
exogamy (ex-og'am-e) [Gr. e£co out 4- yapos mar- 
riage]. Protozoan fertilization by the union of 
elements that are not derived from the same cell. 
Cf. autogamy and endogamy. 
exogastritis (ex"o-gas-tri'tis). Inflammation of 
the external coat of the stomach. 
exogen (ex'o-gen). An obsolete term for a dicotyl- 
edonous plant. 
exogenetic (ex"o-jen-et'ik) [Gr. ?£« outward + 
yevvav to produce]. Not arising within the or- 
ganism, but due to an external cause. 
exogenic, exogenous (ex-o-jen'ik, ex-oj'en-us) [Gr. 
out + to produce]. 1. Growing by 
additions to the outside; in botany, belonging to 
the class of the exogens. 2. Developed or origin- 
ating outside the body. 
exognathion (ex-o-gna'the-on) [Gr. egw outside 4- 
yvados jaw]. The alveolar process of the upper jaw. 
exohemophylaxis (ex"o-he-mo-fi-lak'sis) [Gr. 
outside + al pa blood + phylaxis]. A procedure 
consisting of mixing arsphenamin with some of the 
patient's blood and then injecting the mixture, the 
object being to reduce the sensitiveness of the blood, 
exohysteropexy (ex-o-his'ter-o-pek-se) [Gr. 
outward 4- varepa uterus + fixation]. 
Uterine fixation by implanting the fundus in the 
abdominal wall. 
exol (ex'ol). A local anesthetic compound: used 
in dentistry. 
exometer (ex-om'et-er). An apparatus for meas- 
uring the fluorescent quality of the Rontgen ray 
in comparison to units of candle-power. 
exometritis (ex"o-me-tri'tis) [Gr. out + prjrpa 
womb + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the peritoneal or outer surface of the uterus. 
exomphalos (ex-om'fal-os) [Gr. out + optpaXbs 
navel], 1. Hernia of the abdominal viscera into 
the umbilical cord. 2. Umbilical hernia. 
exopathic (ex-o-path'ik). Of the nature of an 
exopathy; originating outside the body. EXOPATHY 
407 
EXPLODE 
exopathy (ex-op'ath-e) [Gr. out + iraBos dis- 
ease]. A disease originating in some cause lying 
outside the organism. 
exophoria (ex-o-fo're-ah) [Gr. out 4- <pepeiv to 
bear]. A tendency of the eyes to deviate out- 
ward. 
exophoric (ex-o-for'ik). Characterized by ex- 
ophoria. 
exophthalmic (ex-of-thal'mik). Of or pertaining 
to or characterized by exophthalmos. 
exophthalmometer (ex-of-thal-mom'et-er). An 
instrument for measuring the amount of exophthal- 
mos. 
exophthalmos, exophthalmus (ex-of-thal'mos, 
ex-of-thal'mus) [Gr. e£ out + btpdaXpbs eye]. Ab- 
normal protrusion of the eyeball, pulsating e., 
exophthalmos with pulsation and bruit, due to 
aneurysm pushing the eye forward. 
exoplasm (ex'o-plazm) [Gr. outside + irXavpa 
something formed]. The peripheral part of the 
protoplasm of a cell. 
exorbitism (ex-oFbit-izm) [L. ex out 4- or'bita 
orbit]. Protrusion of the eyeball from the orbit; 
exophthalmos. 
exormia (ex-or'me-ah) [Gr. if out 4- oppy rush]. 
Any papular disease of the skin. 
exosepsis (ex-o-sep'sis) [Gr. out 4- de- 
cay]. Septic poisoning which does not originate 
within the organism. 
exoserosis (ex"o-se-ro'sis). An oozing of serum or 
exudate, as in moist skin diseases and edema. 
exoskeleton (ex-o-skel'e-ton) [Gr. out 4- true\- 
erbv skeleton], A hard structure developed on the 
outside of the body, as the shell of a crustacean. 
In vertebrates the term is applied to structures 
produced by the epidermis, as hair, nails, hoofs, 
teeth, etc. 
exosmose, exosmosis (ex'os-mos, ex-os-mo'sis) 
[Gr. if out 4- curpbs impulsion]. Diffusion or os- 
mosis from within outward; movement outward 
through a diaphragm or through vessel-walls. 
exosplenopexy (ex-o-sple'no-peks-e )[Gr. out 
4- <ttcXt)v spleen 4- fixation]. The opera- 
tion of suturing the spleen upon the outside of 
the body or in the wound. 
exospore (ex'o-spor). See spore. 
exosporium (ex-o-spo're-um). The external layer 
of the envelop of a spore. 
exostosis (ex-os-to'sis) [Gr. Q out 4- bar to v bone]. 
A bony growth projecting outward from the sur- 
face of a bone or tooth, e. bursa'ta, an exos- 
tosis from a joint surface, covered with cartilage 
and synovial membrane, e. cartilagin'ea, a 
variety of osteoma consisting of a layer of carti- 
lage developing beneath the periosteum of a 
bone, dental e., a morbid growth from the root 
of a tooth, ivory e., a bony growth of great den- 
sity. e. multi'plex cartilagin'ea, the occur- 
rence of multiple cartilaginous growths upon the 
skeletal system. 
exoteric (ex-o-ter'ik) [Gr. efwrepixos outer]. Gen- 
erated or developed outside the organism. 
exothermic (ex-o-ther'mik) [Gr. outside 4- 
Oepprj heat]. Pertaining to the production of 
heat that is outwardly manifest. Cf. endothermic. 
exothymopexy (ex-o-thi'mo-pek-se) [Gr. out- 
side 4- thymus 4- Gr. fixation]. The opera- 
tion of enucleating the thymus gland from its fossa 
and suturing it to the top of the sternum. 
exothyropexia, exothyropexy (ex"o-thi-ro-pex'- 
e-ah, ex-o-thi'ro-pek-se) [Gr. efcj outside 4- thyroid 
4- Gr. irri^ts fixation]. The operation of drawing 
out the enlarged thyroid gland through an incision 
and letting it shrivel on the outside. 
exotic (ex-ot'ik). Of foreign origin; not native. 
exotospore (ex-o'to-spor). The needle-like spore 
(sporozoite) of the malarial parasite by which it 
enters the blood-corpuscle. Called also oxy spore 
and raphidiospore. 
exotoxic (ex-o-tok'sik) [Gr. e£w outside 4- toxic}. 
Produced by a toxin not derived from the organ- 
ism itself. 
exotoxin (ex-o-tok'sin). A toxin secreted by an 
organism. 
exotropia (ex-o-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. outward 4- 
TpoTrr) turning]. Divergent strabismus; abnormal 
turning of one or both eyes outward. 
expansion (ex-pan'shun) [L. expan'dere to spread 
out], i. Increase in surface, extent, or bulk. 2. 
An extended surface, as of a tendinous or ner- 
vous structure. cubic e., expansion in volume 
or in all dimensions, linear e., increase of 
length, superficial e., increase in length and 
breadth. 
expectant (ex-pek'tant) [L. expec'tans, from ex 
out 4* specta're to watch]. Watching and wait- 
ing. Expectant treatment is that in which the 
disease is left to nature's cure, the physician 
merely relieving the symptoms. 
expectation of life (ex-pek-ta'shun). "the num- 
ber of years which any person of a given age or 
class may reasonably expect to live, curtate 
e. of 1., the number of entire years in the expec- 
tation of life. 
expectorant (ex-pek'to-rant) [L. ex out 4- pec'tus 
breast]. 1. Promoting the ejection by spitting 
of mucus or other fluids from the lungs and trachea. 
2. A medicine which promotes expectoration, 
stimulant e., an expectorant used to expel secre- 
tions that are already formed. Stokes' e., a 
preparation of ammonium carbonate, fluidextracts 
of senna and of squill, and camphorated tincture of 
opium in syrup of tolu. 
expectoration (ex-pek-to-ra'shun). 1. The act of 
coughing up and spitting out materials from the 
lungs and trachea. 2. The material so ejected; 
suptum. (For varieties of expectoration see under 
sputum.') 
experiment (ex-per'im-ent) [L. ex perimen'turn}. A 
procedure gone through in order to discover or to 
demonstrate some fact or general truth. Goltz's 
e., striking a frog on the abdomen will produce 
stoppage of the heart s action, heat-puncture 
e., stimulation, mechanical or electric, of the 
corpus striatum, which produces a rise of tempera- 
ture. Kuss' e., injection of a solution of opium 
or belladonna into the bladder produces no symp- 
toms of poisoning, thus proving the impermeability 
of the bladder epithelium. Mariotte's e. (to 
demonstrate the blind spot of the eye), an eye is 
fixed on the center of a cross marked on a card on 
which is also marked a large spot. The card is 
moved to or from the face, and at a certain distance 
the image of the spot will disappear. Nuss- 
baum's e., ligation of the renal arteries of an 
animal in order to isolate the glomeruli of the kid- 
neys from the circulation. O'Beirne's e., the 
experiment of injecting air or water into a loop 
of intestine passed through a hole in a sheet of 
paper: done to demonstrate the causation of stran- 
gulated hernia. Romer's e., the placing of 
abrin in the conjunctiva to show the formation of 
antitoxins. Toynbee's e., the experiment of 
partially exhausting the air in the tympanum by 
swallowing while the nose and mouth are closed. 
expiration (ex-pi-ra'shun) [L. ex out. + spira're 
to breathe]. The act of breathing out or expel- 
ling air from the lungs or chest. 
expiratory (ex-pir'a-to-re). Subserving or per- 
taining to expiration. 
expirium (eks-pi're-um). An expiration. 
expiscation (ex-pis-ka'shun). The long-contin- 
ued study of symptoms for diagnostic purposes. 
explant (ex-plant'). To take from the body and 
place in an artificial medium for growth. 
explode (ex-plod) [L. explo'dere, from ex out 4- 
plau'dere to clap the hands]. 1. To cause to EXPLORATION 
408 
EXTRACT 
undergo sudden and violent decomposition. 2. 
To undergo sudden and violent decomposition. 
exploration (ex-plo-ra'shun) [L. explora'tio, from 
ex out + plora're to cry out]. An act of search, 
investigation, or careful examination, as in diag- 
nosis. 
exploratory (ex-plo'ra-to-re) [L. explorato'rius per- 
taining to research]. Subserving an explora- 
tion. 
explorer (ex-plor'er). An instrument for use in 
exploration. 
explosion (ex-plo'zhun) [L. explo'sio}. 1. A 
sudden and violent outbreak, as of emotion. 2. 
The discharge of a neural cell. 
explosive (ex-plo'siv). Characterized by explo- 
sions, or by sudden and violent outbreaks. 
exponent (eks'po-nent). A symbol placed above 
and at the right of another symbol to indicate that 
the latter is to be raised to the power indicated by 
the former; as, x2. hydrogen e., a figure used 
to express the hydrogen-ion concentration of a 
liquid. It is the logarithm of the figure expressing 
the concentration. It is represented by the 
symbol pH. 
expression (ex-presh'un) [L. expres'sio], The act 
of squeezing or pressing out: a term used in 
pharmacy, surgery, and obstetrics. 
expulsive (ex-pul'siv) [L. ex out + pel'lere to drive]. 
Driving or forcing out; tending to expel. 
exsanguinate (ex-sang'win-at) [L. ex out + san'- 
guis blood]. 1. To deprive of blood. 2. Blood- 
less; exsanguine; anemic. 
exsanguination (ex-san-gwin-a'shun). The forci- 
ble expulsion of the blood from a part. 
exsection (ex-sek'shun). Same as excision. 
exsector (ex-sek'tor). A cutting-instrument for 
use in performing exsections. 
exsiccant (ex-sik'ant). Drying or absorbing mois- 
ture; also an agent so acting. 
exsiccate (ex'sik-at) [L. ex out + sic'cus dry]. 
To dry thoroughly; in chemistry, to deprive of the 
water of crystallization. 
exsiccation (ex-sik-a'shun) [L. ex out + sic'cus 
dry]. The act of drying; in chemistry, the deprival 
of a crystalline substance of its water of crystalliza- 
tion. 
exsomatized (ek-so'mat-izd) [L. ex out of + Gr. 
owpa body]. Removed from the body. 
exstrophy (ex'stro-fe) [Gr. out + arpiipetv to 
turn]. The congenital eversion or turning inside 
out of an organ, as the bladder, e. of the blad- 
der, a congenital malformation in which, from 
deficiency of the abdominal wall and bladder, 
the latter organ appears to be turned inside out, 
having the internal surface of the posterior wall 
showing through the opening in the anterior 
wall. 
ext. Abbreviation for extract. 
extemporaneous (ex-tem-po-ra'ne-us) [L. extem- 
pora'neus]. Prepared on the spot or for imme- 
diate use: used of prescriptions and medicines. 
extension (ex-ten'shun) [L. exten'sio], 1. The 
movement by which the two ends of any part are 
pulled asunder. 2. A movement which brings 
the members of a limb into or toward a straight 
condition. Bardenheuer's e., extension for 
fractured limbs with longitudinal, transverse, and 
rotary pulls, designed to produce extension in all 
the directions in which the muscles which cause 
the displacement act. Buck's e., the extension 
of a fractured leg by weights, the foot of the bed 
being raised so that the body makes counterexten- 
sion. nail e., extension exerted on the distal 
fragment of a fractured bone by means of nails 
which are driven into the fragment. 
extensometer (ex-ten-som'e-ter) [L. exten'sus ex- 
tension + Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument 
for measuring distortion of specimens under test. 
extensor (ex-ten'sor) [L.]. Any muscle which 
performs extension. See muscles, table of. 
exterior (ex-te're-or) [L.]. Situated on or near 
the outside; outer. 
extern, externe (ex'tern). A physician belonging 
to the staff of a hospital, but attending only during 
the day and living outside; also a member of a 
hospital staff who attends to patients of the out- 
patient department. 
external (ex-ter'nal) [L. exter'nus outside]. Situ- 
ated or occurring on the outside; performed out- 
side the body. 
exteroceptive (ex"ter-o-sep'tiv). Sherrington's 
term for the external surface field of distribution of 
receptor organs. See interoceptive, proprioceptive, 
and receptor. 
exteroceptor (ex"ter-o-sep'tor). Sherrington's 
name for terminal sense organs (receptors) which 
receive stimuli acting on the organism from with- 
out; the receptors which are situated in the ecto- 
dermal covering of the body. See interoceptor. 
extima (ex'tim-ah) [L. "outermost" (tunic)]. The 
outermost coat of an artery. 
extinguish (ex-ting'wish) [L. extin'guere]. To put 
out, as a fire; to render extinct. 
extirpation (ex-tir-pa'shun) [L. extirpa're to root 
out, from ex out + stirps root]. Complete re- 
moval or eradication of a part. 
extogan (ex'to-gan). Zinc peroxid, a light yellowish, 
tasteless powder, insoluble in water. It contains 
9.8 per cent, of active oxygen. . 
extorsion (ex-tor'shun) [L. ex out + tor'sio twist- 
ing]. An outward rotation of the vertical cor- 
neal meridians. 
extra (ex'trah). A Latin word meaning outside 
of, beyond, in addition. 
extra-anthropic (ex"trah-an-throp'ik). Same as 
exanlhropic. 
extra-articular (ex"trah-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. ex'tra 
beyond + artic'ulus joint]. Situated or occur- 
ring outside a joint. 
extrabronchial (ex"trah-brong'ke-al). Outside of 
or independent of the bronchial tubes. 
extrabuccal (ex-trah-buk'al). Outside of the 
mouth. 
extrabulbar (ex-trah-bul'bar). Outside of or away 
from a bulb, as the medulla oblongata or the ure- 
thral bulb. 
extracapsular (ex-trah-kap'su-lar). Situated or 
occurring outside a capsule. 
extracarpal (ex-trah-kaPpal). Just outside the 
region of the wrist. 
extracellular (ex-trah-sel'u-lar). Outside of a 
cell or cells. 
extracorporeal (ex"trah-kor-po're-al) [L. ex'tra 
beyond + corpus body]. Outside of the body: 
said of the stages of a parasite passed elsewhere than 
in the host. 
extracorpuscular (ex"trah-kor-pus'ku-lar). Out- 
side of the corpuscles. 
extracranial (ex-trah-kra'ne-al). Outside of the 
cranium. 
extract (ex'trakt) [L. extradtum, from ex out -j- 
tra'here to draw], A preparation obtained by 
exhausting a substance with a menstruum (water, 
alcohol, ether, or other solvent), and then evapo- 
rating it to complete or approximate dryness, 
acetic e., an extract in which acetic acid is the 
menstruum used, adrenal e. Same as supra- 
renal e. alcoholic e., one in which alcohol 
is used as the menstruum. ammoniated 
e., one which is prepared by exhausting with 
ammonia as the menstruum, animal e.,>an ex- 
tract from some organ of an animal, obtained by 
digestion with a mixture of glycerin, alcohol, and 
boric acid, and believed to contain the active prin- 
ciple of the organ, antityphoid e. See Jez's e. 
aqueous e.,one in which water is the menstruum 
employed, ciliary e., a therapeutic preparation EXTRACTION 
409 
EXTRAVASATION 
of thfe ciliary body of the ox: used in eye diseases, 
compound e., one that is prepared from more 
than one drug, dry e., a preparation, usually 
of some narcotic drug, made by drying the ex- 
tract and powdering it with sugar of milk or some 
other inactive ingredient, ethereal e., one in 
which ether is used as the dissolving menstruum, 
fluid e. [L. flu"idextrac'turn, e. liq'uidum], a 
concentrated solution of the active principle of a 
drug of such strength that 100 c.c. of the prod- 
uct represent 100 gm. of the crude drug, 
infundibular e., an extract of the infundib- 
ular part of the pituitary body. Jez's e., a 
reddish extract from the organs of animals in- 
jected with typhoid bacilli: used in typhoid fever 
as an antitoxic. Called also antityphoid e. 
Leube's e. of beef, extract from beef that 
has been predigested by boiling with hydro- 
chloric acid, leukocyte e., an extract of leuko- 
cytes obtained from exudates produced in the 
pleural cavities of animals by the injection of an 
irritant: said to increase the immunizing power 
of the organism into which it is injected. Lie- 
big's e., an aqueous extract of beef evapora- 
ted to the consistence of a soft solid, mam- 
mary e., an extract from the mammae of sheep: 
given to check hemorrhage and arrest the growth 
of uterine fibromata. Dose, 5 gr. (0.3 gm.), 
parotid e., an extract made from the par- 
otid gland of animals: used in dysmenorrhea. 
Dose, 5 gr. (0.3 gm.), pollen e., a solution of pro- 
tein from the pollen of certain plants, such as rag- 
weed, used in the treatment of hay-fever, pow- 
dered e., an extract that has been dried and pulver- 
ized. renal e., an extract from the kidney of ani- 
mals: recommended for morbid conditions due to 
deranged nitrogenous metabolism, soft e., one 
which has a pilular consistence, solid e., one 
prepared by evaporating, a solution of the active 
part of a drug, splenic e., an extract made 
from the spleen of sheep and oxen: given in 
anemia and typhoid fever. Dose, 5 gr. (0.3 gm.), 
suprarenal e., a principle extracted from the 
suprarenal bodies, having the property of pro- 
ducing constriction of vessels when applied 
locally: used to produce vascular constriction in 
inflammation of the eyes and nose and in opera- 
tions upon these parts, and also as a cardiac tonic. 
See adrenalin, thebaic e., an anodyne opium 
preparation. 
extraction (ex-trak'shun) [L. ex out + tra'here to 
draw]. 1. The process or act of pulling or draw- 
ing out. 2. The preparation of an extract, e. 
of a cataract, the surgical removal of a cata- 
ractous lens, flap e., extraction of cataract by 
an incision which makes a flap of cornea. 
extractive (ex-trak'tiv). Any substance present 
in an organized tissue, or in a mixture in a small 
quantity, and requiring to be extracted by a 
special method. 
extractor (ex-trak'tor). An instrument used in 
drawing out, pulling, or extracting. 
extractum (ex-trak'tum) [L., from ex out + 
tra'here to draw]. An extract. 
extracystic (ex-trah-sis'tik). Outside a cyst or the 
bladder. 
extradural (ex-trah-du'ral). Situated or occur- 
ring outside the dura mater. 
extra-embryonic (ex"trah-em-bre-on'ik). Not a 
part of the embryo proper: applied to that portion 
of the embryo outside of the umbilical stalk. 
extra-epiphyseal (ex"trah-ep-e-fiz'e-al). Away 
from, or unconnected with, an epiphysis. 
extra-expiratory (ex"trah-eks-pi'rat-o-re). Re- 
lating to forced expiration. 
extragenital (ex"trah-jen'it-al). Lying or origi- 
nating outside the genital organs. 
extrahepatic (ex"trah-he-pat'ik). Outside of, or 
unconnected with, the liver. 
extraligamentous (ex"trah-lig-am-en'tus). Occur- 
ring outside a ligament. 
extramalleolus (ex"trah-mal-e'o-lus). The outer 
malleolus of the ankle-joint; the lower end of 
the fibula. ' 
extramarginal (ex"trah-mar'jin-al). Below the 
limit of consciousness. 
extramastoiditis (ex"trah-mas-toid-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the outer surface of the mastoid 
process and of the superincumbent tissues. 
extramedullary (ex-trah-med'ul-a-re). Situated 
or occurring outside any medulla, especially the 
medulla oblongata. 
extramural (ex-trah-mu'ral) [L. ex'tra + mu'ra 
wall]. Situated or occurring without a wall. 
extraneous (ex-tra'ne-us) [L. extra'neus external]. 
Existing or belonging outside the organism. 
extranuclear (ex-trah-nu'kle-ar). Situated or 
occurring outside a nucleus. 
extraparenchymal (ex"trah-par-en'kim-al). Out- 
side of or formed outside of the parenchyma. 
extrapelvic (ex-trah-pel'vik). Unconnected with 
the pelvis. 
extraperineal (ex"trah-per-in-e'al). Away from 
the perineum. 
extraperiosteal (ex"trah-per-e-os'te-al). Outside 
of or independent of the periosteum. 
extraperitoneal (ex"trah-per-it-o-ne'al). Situated 
or occurring outside the peritoneal cavity. 
extraplacental (ex"trah-pla-sen'tal). Independent 
of the placenta. 
extraplantar (ex-trah-plan'tar). On the outside of 
the sole of the foot. 
extrapolar (ex-trah-po'lar). Situated or occurring 
outside or not between the poles, as of a battery. 
extraprostatic (ex"trah-pros-tat'ik). Not con- 
nected with the prostate gland. 
extraprostatitis (ex"trah-pros-tat-i'tis). Para- 
prostatitis. 
extrapulmonary (ex-trah-pul'mo-na-re). Not 
connected with the lungs. 
extrapyramidal (ex-trah-pi-ram'id-al). Outside 
of the pyramidal tracts. 
extrarectus (ex-trah-rek'tus). The external rec- 
tus muscle of the eye. 
extraserous (ex-trah-se'rus). Outside of a serous 
cavity. 
extrasomatic (ex"trah-so-mat'ik). Unconnected 
with the body. 
extrasyphilitic (ex"trah-sif-il-it'ik). Superadded 
to a syphilitic virus or lesion. 
extrasystole (ex-trah-sis'to-le). A premature con- 
traction of an auricle or a ventricle, or of both,, 
while the fundamental rhythm is maintained., 
auricular e., an extrasystole in which the stim- 
ulus is thought to arise in the remains of the cardiac 
tube incorporated in the auricle elsewhere than 
at the sinus, auriculoventricular e., one in 
which the stimulus is supposed to arise in the au- 
riculoventricular node; called also nodal e. in- 
franodal e., ventricular extrasystole, interpo- 
lated e., a contraction taking place between two- 
normal heart-beats, nodal e. See auriculoventric- 
ular e. retrograde e., a premature ventricular 
contraction followed by a premature auricular con- 
traction, due to transmission of the stimulus back- 
ward over the bundle of His. ventricular e.,one 
in which the stimulus is thought to arise in the ven- 
ricular portion of the auriculoventricular bundle. 
extratracheal (ex-trah-tra'ke-al). Situated or oc- 
curring outside the trachea. 
extratubal (ex-trah-tu'bal). Outside of a tube. 
extratympanic (ex-trah-tim-pan'ik). Outside the 
tympanum of the ear. 
extra-uterine (ex-trah-u'ter-In). Situated or oc- 
curring outside the uterus. 
extravaginal (ex-trah-vaj'in-al). Outside of the 
vagina or of a sheath. 
extravasation (ex-trav-as-a'shun) [L. ex'tra be- 
yond + vas vessel], i. A discharge or escape. EXTRAVASCULAR 
410 
EYE-TOOTH 
as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. 2. 
The process of being extravasated. 3. Blood or 
other substance which has been extravasated. 
punctiform e., one which causes a tissue to be 
covered with minute bloody points. 
extravascular (ex-trah-vas'ku-lar). Situated or 
occurring outside a vessel or the vessels. 
extraventricular (ex"trah-ven-trik'u-lar). Situ- 
ated or occurring outside a ventricle. 
extravisual zone (ex-trah-viz'u-al). See visual 
zone, under zone. 
extremital (ex-trem'it-al). Pertaining to or sit- 
uated at an extremity. 
extremitas (ex-trem'it-as). Latin for extremity. 
extremity (ex-trem'it-e). 1. The terminal portion 
of anything. 2. A limb; an arm or leg. 
■extrinsic (ex-trin<sik) [L. extrin'secus, from ex'tra 
outside -|- se'cus otherwise]. Coming from or 
originating outside; having relation to parts out- 
side the organ or limb where found. 
extrospection (ex-tro-spek'shun) [L. ex'tra out- 
side + spec'ere to look]. The reverse of intro- 
spection: the continued habit of inspecting one's 
own skin, associated with mysophobia, or insane 
dread of dirt. 
extroversion (ex-tro-ver'shun) [L. extrover'sio, 
from ex'tra outside + ver'tere to turn]. A turn- 
ing inside out; exstrophy. 
extrude (eks-trood'). To occupy a position of ex- 
trusion; said of a tooth. 
extrudoclusion (ex-tru-do-klu'zhun). In den- 
tistry, extrusion. 
extrusion (ex-tru'zhun). A pushing out; a forcing 
out or expulsion; in dentistry, the condition of a 
tooth when it is pushed too far forward from the 
line of occlusion. 
■extubate (ex-tu'bat) [L. ex out + tu'ba tube]. 
To remove a tube from. 
■extubation (ex-tu-ba'shun). The removal of a 
tube. 
exuberant (ex-u'ber-ant) [L. exubera're to be very 
fruitful]. Copious or excessive in production; 
showing excessive proliferation. 
exudate (ex'u-dat) [L. ex out + suda're to sweat]. 
A substance thrown out by exudation; any ad- 
ventitious substance deposited in or on a tissue 
by a vital process or a disease. 
exudation (ex-u-da'shun) [L. exsuda'lio, from ex 
out + suda're to sweat]. 1. The outpouring of an 
adventitious substance, which becomes deposited 
in or upon the tissues. 2. An exudate. 
exudative (ex'u-da-tiv). Of or pertaining to a 
process of exudation. 
exulcerans (eks-ul'ser-anz). Ulcerating. 
ex ulcera'tio sim plex. Superficial ulceration of 
the stomach. 
exumbilication (ex"um-bil-e-ka'shun) [L. ex out 
+ umbilicus}. 1. Marked protrusion of the navel. 
2. Umbilical hernia. 
exuviae (ex-u've-e) [L. exu'ere to strip]. 1. Cast- 
off epidermis. 2. A slough. 
eye (I) [L. ocu'lus; Gr. b^OaXubs}. The organ of 
vision. In shape the eye consists of a large 
sphere, with the segment of a smaller sphere, the 
cornea, in front. It is composed of three coats- 
the sclerotic and cornea, the choroid, and the 
retina-each coat being divided into several 
layers. Within the three coats are the refract- 
ing media-namely, the aqueous humor, the crys- 
talline lens, and the vitreous humor. The scle- 
rotic, or external coat, is white and fibrous. Pos- 
teriorly the fibers of the optic nerve enter through 
small perforations in the lamina cribrosa. The 
inner surface is attached to the choroid by deli- 
cate connective tissue, the lamina fusca. The 
cornea is composed of five layers, the internal 
layer being a serous membrane, and sometimes 
called Descemet's membrane. The choroid, or 
middle coat, is chiefly composed of blood-ves- 
seis and pigment. Anteriorly, it terminates near 
the periphery of the lens in folds called the 
ciliary processes. The retina, or internal coat, 
is chiefly composed of nerve tissue, and is 
made up of three principal layers. The external 
layer, or Jacob's membrane, is composed of ter- 
minal nerve-cells, which, from their shape, are 
called the rods and cones. The iris is a curtain 
with a central perforation, the pupil, and is com- 
posed of smooth muscular fibers arranged both 
in a circular and in a radiating manner. It varies 
in color, and is suspended in the aqueous humor 
in front of the lens. The ciliary ligament is a 
ring of connective-tissue fibers surrounding the 
iris. The ciliary muscle surrounds the periphery 
of the iris and controls the convexity of the 
lens during accommodation. The aqueous humor 
fills the cavity between the cornea in front and 
the lens behind. The vitreous humor fills the 
space back of the lens, and is a clear, jelly-like 
substance containing mucin. It is surrounded 
by the hyaloid membrane. The lens, or crystal- 
line humor, is a double convex lens between the 
vitreous and aqueous humors, and is held in 
place by an elastic capsule and suspensory liga- 
ment. The arteries of the eye are the short 
ciliary, the long ciliary, the anterior ciliary, and 
the central artery of the retina. The nerves are 
the optic and the long and short ciliary nerves. 
Bright's e., the eye as affected in chronic dis- 
ease of the kidney, fixing e., in strabismus, the 
eye which is directed toward the object of vision, 
monochromatic e., an eye which can perceive 
only one color, pink e., acute epidemic con- 
junctivitis produced by Bacillus conjunctivitidis. 
reduced e., schematic e., an apparatus with 
two refracting elements, one representing the cor- 
nea and the other the lens; also a picture or draw- 
ing illustrating, but not exactly representing, the 
structure of the eye. Snellen's reform e., an 
artificial eye composed of two concavoconvex 
plates with an empty space between, squinting 
e., the affected eye in strabismus, trichromatic 
e., the normal eye: one in which the red, green, and 
blue end-organs are in a normal state. 
eye-area (i'a're-ah). A nerve-center in the frontal 
portion of the cortex. 
eyeball (i'bawl). The globe or ball of the eye. 
eyebrow (i'brow). The supercilium: the bony 
ridge and fold of skin above either eye; also the 
hairy cover of the same. 
eye-cup (i'kup). An embryonic structure devel- 
oped from the optic evagination which develops 
into the retina. 
eye-ground (i'ground). The fundus of the eye, 
which can be seen on ophthalmoscopic examina- 
tion. 
eyelash (i'lash). A cilium or hair growing upon 
the edge of an eyelid. 
eyelid (i'lid). Either one of the two movable lids 
or curtains which protect the eye in front. 
eye-minded. Remembering chiefly the impres- 
sions made on the eye. 
eyepiece (i'pes). The lens or combination of 
lenses in a microscope which is next the eye, 
and which magnifies the image made by the ob- 
jective. e. micrometer. See under micrometer. 
eye-shield (i'sheld). A covering for the eyes to 
protect them from light or from injury. 
eye-speculum (i'spek'u-lum). An appliance for 
keeping the eyelids apart. 
eye-spot (i'spot). The rudiment of an eye in the 
embryo. 
eye-stone (i'stbn). The operculum ofea small shell 
or other small calcareous object: used for re- 
moving foreign substances from the eye. 
eye-Strain (i'stran). Weariness of the eye from 
overuse or from uncorrected defect in the focus 
of the eye. 
eye-tooth (i'tooth). An upper canine tooth. EYE 
411 
EYE 
Vertical section through the eyeball: a, sclera ; b, choroid; c, cili- 
ary muscle; d, iris ; e, cul-de-sac of conjunctiva ; f, anterior chamber 
and aqueous humor; g, crystalline lens ; h, posterior chamber; i, angle 
of anterior chamber; j, suspensory ligament of lens; k, cornea ; I, 
vitreous; m, optic nerve with central artery of retina; n, retina; o, o', 
ocular muscles. 
Right eye from before, the eyelids separated by 
hooks : Ps, plica semilunaris ; Pls, PH, superior and 
inferior lacrimal puncta ; Car, lacrimal caruncle ; Lfm-. 
internal tarsal ligament. 
Corneal epithelium 
Bowman's membrane 
Cornea proper 
Descemet's membrane 
Corneal endothelium 
Sphincter of the iris 
Comparative diagram showing the change in the shape of the crystalline lens during accommodation. The right side shows 
the lens at rest. 
Diagram of the lacrimal apparatus: a, lacrimal gland; b, 
tarsal cartilage ; c, nasal duct; d, lacrimal canaliculus. 
The external ocular muscles: a, levator of upper lid; b, 
superior rectus; c, external rectus; d, inferior rectus; e, 
superior oblique ; f, internal rectus ; g, inferior oblique. 
The eye with its nerves and blood-vessels: a, section of conjunctiva; b, sclerotic; c, cornea; d, pupil; e, section of superior 
rectus muscle; f, inferior rectus muscle ; external rectus muscle ; i, superior oblique muscle; i, ophthalmic artery ; 2, ophthalmic vein ; 
3. optic nerve; 4, ophthalmic nerve; 5, motor nerve of eye; 6, ophthalmic or lenticular ganglion. F. 
412 
FAITH-CURE 
F 
the face. f. ova'rica, f. ovari'na, an anxious 
look expressive of ovarian disease. Parkinson's 
f., a stolid expression of face pathognomonic of 
paralysis agitans. f. poste'rior, posterior sur- 
face. f. symphy'seos, the symphysis pubis, 
typhoid f., f. typho'sa, the vacant and bewil- 
dered, often wild and defiant, expression, with face 
flushed and of a dusky, leaden hue, seen in early 
stages of typhoid fever, f. uteri'na, the facial 
expression characteristic of uterine disease, f. 
vola'ris, volar surface. Wells' f., the facial 
expression of ovarian disease. 
facilitation (fas-il-it-a'shun). The promotion or 
hastening of any natural process; the reverse of 
inhibition. Specifically, the effect produced in 
nerve tissue by the passage of an impulse. The 
resistance of the nerve is diminished so that a sec- 
ond application of the stimulus evokes the reaction 
more easily. Called also Bahnung. Cf. law of 
facilitation. 
faciobrachial (fa"she-o-bra'ke-al). Pertaining to 
the face and arm. 
faciocervical (fa"she-o-ser'vik-al). Affecting the 
face and neck. 
faciolingual (fa"she-o-ling'wal) [L. fa'cies face + 
Un'gua tongue]. Pertaining to the face and tongue. 
facioplegia (fa"se-o-ple'je-ah) [L. fa'cies face 4- 
Gr. irXfiYr) stroke]. Facial paralysis. 
facioscapulohumeral (fa"she-o-skap"u-lo-hu'me- 
ral). Pertaining to the face, scapula, and arm. 
F. A. C. P. Abbreviation for Fellow of the American 
College of Physicians. 
F. A. C. S. Abbreviation for Fellow of the A merican 
College of Surgeons. 
factitious (fak-tish'us) [L. factic'ius]. Artificial; 
not natural. 
factor (fak'tor) [L. fac'tor marked], i. One of the 
elements that contribute to produce a result. 2. 
One of the quantities or symbols which, when mul- 
tiplied together, give $ > suit. 3. Same as gene. 
Trapp's f., the last two figures expressive of the 
specific gravity of urine; when jm.ltiplied by 2 
they give the number of parts of so ids per 1000. 
facultative (fak'ul-ta-tiv). Not obligatory; volun- 
tary; potential; capable of assuming < part. 
faculty (fak'ul-te) [L. facul'tas], \ny normal 
power or function, especially a mental one. fu- 
sion f., the power of blending into one the two 
images seen by the two eyes. 
Fadenreaction fah"den-re-ak'shun) [Ger.]. See 
Mandelbaum's reaction, under reaction. 
faecal, faeces, etc. See fecal, feces, etc. 
faecin (fek'in). A proprietary yeast preparation. 
faenum graecum (fe'num gre'kum) [L. " Greek 
hay "]. See fenugreek. 
fagaramidin (fa-gar-am'id-in). A compound ob- 
tained from the root of Fagara xanthyloides; it has 
a narcotic action on cold-blooded animals. 
Faget's sign (fazh-az') [Jean Charles Faget, a 
French physician, born 1818]. See under sign. 
fagin (fa'jin) [L. fa'gus beech]. A narcotic prin- 
ciple from the nut of the beech. 
fagol (fa'gol). A condensation product of creosote 
and formaldehyd. 
fagopyrism (fag-op'ir-izm) [L. fagopyrum buck- 
wheat]. Poisoning by buckwheat. 
Fahr. Abbreviation for Fahrenheit. 
Fahrenheit (fah'ren-hit) [Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, 
a German physicist, 1686-1736]. Noting a ther- 
mometer, also a thermometric scale, invented by 
Fahrenheit. See thermometer. 
faint, fainting (fant, fant'ing). See syncope. 
faith-cure (fath'-kur). The cure or attempted 
cure of disease by exercise of faith on the part of 
the patient. 
F. 1. An abbreviation for Fahrenheit, fiat, field of 
vision, Filrstenau, and formula. 2. The chemic 
symbol of fluorin. 
Fi. The "first filial generation-' produced by cross- 
ing two unlike individuals. 
F2. The "second filial generation" produced by 
mating together two members of the Fi genera- 
tion. 
FA. Abbreviation for fatty acid. 
F. A. Abbreviation for field ambulance. 
fabella (fa-bel'ah), pl. fabel'lce [L. "little bean"]. 
A sesamoid fibrocartilage on the gastrocnemius 
muscle. 
fabere sign (fab'er-e). See Patrick's test, under tests. 
Fabiana (fab-e-a'nah). See pichi. 
fabism (fa'bizm) [L. fa'ba bean]. A disease of 
Italy caused by eating of the bean, Vi'cia fa'ba. 
Cf. lathyrism. 
Fabricius (fab-ris'e-us), Hieronymus [It. Gero- 
nimo Fabrizio]. An Italian anatomist and sur- 
geon, born 1537; died 1619. He was a pupil of 
Fallopius and was the teacher of Harvey. 
face (fas) [L. fa'cies]. The anterior aspect of the 
head from the forehead to the chin inclusive, 
dished f., an animal's face which is concave in 
profile, moon-shaped f., the peculiar rounded 
face characteristic of myxedema. 
facet (fas'et) [Fr. facette]. Any small plane sur- 
face on a hard body. 
facial (fa'shal) [L. facia'lis]. Pertaining to the 
face. 
facies (fa'she-ez) [L. for "face"]. 1. The face. 
2. The expression or appearance of the face. 
3. [B N A] A surface, f. abdomina'lis, the ex- 
pression of the face characteristic of abdominal dis- 
ease. It is a pinched, anxious, furrowed face, with 
nose and upper lip drawn up. adenoid f., the 
stupid expression, with open mouth, seen in chil- 
dren with adenoid growths, f. ante'rior, ante- 
rior surface. [B N A] The anterior surface of a 
molar or premolar tooth, aortic f., the facial 
appearance of persons with aortic insufficiency: 
the cheeks are somewhat shrunken, the complexion 
pale and sallow, and the sclera pale and bluish, 
f. articula'ris, an articular surface, f. bucca- 
lis [B N A], the buccal surface of a molar tooth, 
cardiac f., the anxious expression of patients with 
heart disease, marked by bright, watery, staring 
eyes, wide palpebral slits, tensely held mouth, and 
face slightly shrunken, f. contac'tus [B N A], 
See contact surface, under surface. Corvisart ' s f., 
the facial expression characteristic of cardiac in- 
sufficiency. f. dorsa'lis, dorsal surface, f. 
hepat'ica, a thin face with sunken eyeballs, sal- 
low complexion, and yellow conjunctivae, charac- 
teristic of certain chronic disorders of the liver, f. 
hippocrat'ica, the hippocratic countenance: a 
drawn, pinched, and livid appearance of the face, 
indicative of approaching extinction. Hutchin- 
son's f., a peculiar appearance in ophthalmoplegia 
externa: the eyeballs are fixed, the eyebrows raised, 
and the lids drooping, f. labia'lis [B N A], the 
labial surface of a tooth, f. latera lis [B N A], 
lateral surface, f. leonti'na, "lion's face": a 
peculiar, lion-like appearance of the face, seen in 
certain cases of leprosy. See leontiasis. f. ling- 
ua'lis [B N A]. See lingual surface, under surface. 
Marshall Hall f., the facies of hydrocephalus, 
f. masticato ria [BN A], the chewing surface of 
a tooth, f. media'lis [B N A], the medial sur- 
face. mitral f., mitrotricuspid f., the ex- 
pression of patients with mitral disease, marked 
by rosy, flushed cheeks, dilated capillaries, and 
cyanosis, myopathic f., the peculiar facial 
expression produced by relaxation of the facial 
muscles, f. os'sea [B N A], the bony skeleton of FALCADINA 
413 
FASCIA 
falcadina (fahl-ka-de'nah). A disease of Istria 
characterized by the formation of papillomata. 
falcate, falciform (fal'kat, fal'sif-orm) [L. falx 
sickle A- fof ma form]. Shaped like a sickle. 
falcial (fal'shal). Pertaining to a falx. 
falcula (fal'ku-lah) [L.]. The falx cerebelli. 
falcular (fal'ku-lar) [L. falx sickle]. Sickle-shaped. 
fallectomy (fal-ek'to-me). Excision of a portion 
of the fallopian tube. 
falling of the womb (fawl'ing). The abnormal 
descent of the uterus into the vagina. 
falling-sickness. See epilepsy. 
fallopian (fal-o'pe-an) [Gabriello Fallopio (Fallo- 
pius), an Italian anatomist, 1523-1562]. Described 
by or named for Fallopius. See aqueduct, hiatus, 
ligament, tube, etc. 
fallostomy (fal-os'to-me). Salpingostomy. 
fallotomy (fal-ot'o-me). Division of the fallopian 
tube. 
false (fawlz) [L. fal'sus]. Not true; not genuine; 
apparent, but not real. 
falx (falks), pl. fal'ces [L. for "sickle"]. A sickle- 
shaped organ or structure, f. cerebel'li [B N A], 
the process of dura which intervenes between the 
cerebellar hemispheres, f. cer'ebri [B N A], the 
dural fold which separates the cerebral hemispheres, 
f. inguina'lis [B N A], the conjoined tendon, f. 
ligamento'sa, the falciform ligament. 
fames (fa'mez). Latin for hunger. 
familial (fam-il'e-al) [L. famil'ia family]. Affect- 
ing the different members of a family. 
family (fam'il-e). 1. A group descended from a 
common ancestor. 2. In classification, the main 
division of an order, degenerate f., a family 
that produces many socially unfit members and 
few desirable members. Several such family his- 
tories have been worked out. Juke's f., a family 
located mostly in New York State; the history 
covers five generations. Kallikak f., an Ameri- 
can family with two branches; one unfit, the other 
highly respectable; history from the American 
Revolution. Zero f., 'a Swiss family of three 
branches, two of Which are respected and one very, 
unfit. A v^Fy complete history from the 17th 
century. [ 
famine fevef. Relapsing fever. See fever. 
Fanapa'pea intestina'lis. See Tetramitis me- 
suili. 
fandorine (fan'do-rin). A proprietary preparation 
for the internal treatment of female diseases. 
fang (fang). 1. The root of atoMh. 2. A carnas- 
sial tooth of a beast or the envenomed tooth of 
a serpent. 
fanghi di sclefani (fang'e de skle-fah'ne). Vol- 
canic earth used in treatment of acne rosacea. 
fango (fan'go) [Itai.]. A clay or mud from thermal 
springs at Battaglio, in Italy: applied to gouty and 
rheumatic joints, etc. 
fangotherapy (fan-go-theFap-e) [fango + Gr. 
Oepairela treatment]. Treatment by the applica- 
tion of fango. 
Fannia (fan'e-ah). A genus of flies, the larvae of 
which are often found in human feces. F. canicula'- 
ris is the lesser house fly and F. scala'ris is the 
latrine fly. 
fan-sign. See under sign. 
fantascope (fan'tas-kop) [fantasy + Gr. o-Koireiv to 
view]. An apparatus for enabling a person to 
converge the eyes, and so observe certain phe- 
nomena of binocular vision. 
Far. Abbreviation for faradic. 
Farabeuf's triangle (far-ab-ufs') [Louis Hubert 
Farabeuf, French surgeon, 1841-1910]. See under 
triangle. 
farad (far'ad) [Michael Faraday, an English physi- 
cist, 1791-1867]. The unit of electric capacity; 
the capacity to hold one coulomb with a potential 
of one volt. 
faradic, faradaic (far-ad'ik, far-ad-a'ik). Per- 
taining to faradism. 
faradimeter (far-ad-im'et-er) [faradic + Gr. juer- 
pov measure]. An instrument for measuring faradic 
electricity. 
faradipuncture (far"ad-i-punk'chur). The ap- 
plication of the faradic current by means of needle- 
electrodes thrust into the tissues. 
faradism (far'ad-izm). I. Induced electricity. 2. 
Induced electricity in a rapidly alternating current. 
3. Faradization. 
faradization (far"ad-iz-a'shun). The therapeutic 
use of induced currents, galvanic f., the use 
of a galvanic or continuous electric current con- 
jointly with that of an alternating current. 
faradocontractility (far"ad-o-kon-trak-til'it-e). 
Contractility in response to faradic stimulus. 
faradomuscular (far"ad-o-mus'ku-lar). Resulting 
from the application of the faradic current to a 
muscle. 
faradonervous (far"ad-o-ner'vus). Resulting from 
the application of the faradic current to a nerve. 
faradopalpation (far"ad-o-pal-pa'shun). Gal- 
vanopalpation. 
farcin du beef (far-sa d'bef'). See cattle farcy, 
under farcy. 
farcinoma (far-sin-o'mah). A glanderous tumor. 
farcy (far'se). The more chronic and constitu- 
tional form of glanders. See glanders, button 
f., farcy characterized by the formation of small 
tubercular nodules in the skin of the limbs, thorax, 
and abdomen, cattle f., a disease of cattle 
caused by infection with Streptothrix farcinica (Ac- 
tinomyces nocar'dii), and characterized by the for- 
mation of cheesy nodules in the subcutaneous tissue 
and the organs, cryptococcus f. See lymphan- 
gitis epizodtica. 
fardel-bound (far'del-bownd). Having an in- 
flamed abomasum and distended omasum, so that 
chewing of the cud is impossible; a condition seen 
in cattle and sheep. 
fared (fa're-ol). A proprietary antipyretic and 
anodyne preparation. 
farfara (far'far-ah). The dried leaves of Tussilago 
farfara. See Tussilago. 
farina (fa-ri'nah) [L.]. 1. Meal or flout. 2. A 
starchy food prepared from maize, f. ave'na, 
oatmeal, f. trit'ici, wheaten flour. 
farinaceous (far-in-a'se-us) [L. farina' ceus}. 1. 
Of the nature of flour or meal. 2. Starchy; con- 
taining starch. 
farinometer (far-in-om'et-er). An instrument for 
determining the percentage of gluten in flour. 
far-point (faFpoint) [L. punc'tum remo'tum]. The 
farthest point at which, with the greatest relaxa- 
tion of accommodation, objects can be distinctly 
seen. 
far-sight (far'sit). See hypermetropia and pres- 
byopia. 
Farr's law (farz) [William Farr, English medical 
statist, 1807-1883]. See under law. 
Farre's line (farz) [Frederick John Farre, an 
English gynecologist, 1804-1886]. See line. 
Farre's tubercles (farz) [John Richard Farre, an 
English physician, 1775-1862]. See under tubercle. 
Fasc. Abbreviation for L. fascic'ulus, bundle. 
fascia (fash'e-ah) [L. "band"]. 1. A sheet or band 
of tissue which invests and connects the muscles. 
2. A serrated band under the hippocampus minor. 
Abernethy's f., a sheet of areolar tissue lying 
over the external iliac artery, anal f., the ischio- 
rectal fascia, aponeurotic f., any fascia that 
serves to keep a muscle in its place and to connect 
muscles and tendons, bicipital f., a fascia given 
off from the biceps tendon of the arm, continuous 
with the deep fascia of the forearm. Buck's f.. the continuation of Colles' fascia upon the penis, 
f. bul'bi [B N A], Tenon's capsule, f. of Cam- 
per, the superficial layer of the superficial fascia 
over the lower portion of the abdomen, cervical 
f., deep, one that invests the muscles, vessels, 
and nerves of the neck, cervical f., super- 
ficial, a thin lamina external to the platysma 
myoides. f. cine'rea, a band extending from 
the lateral striae of the corpus callosum to the 
fascia dentata. clavipectoral f., the costo- 
coracoid membrane. See under membrane. Clo- 
quet's f., the areolar tissue closing the fem- 
oralring. Colles' f., the deep layer of the super- 
ficial perineal fascia. Cooper's f., the fascia 
transversalis. cremasteric f., a thin covering of 
the spermatic cord, formed by fibers of the cre- 
masteric muscles, cribriform f., that part of 
the superficial fascia of the thigh which covers the 
saphenous opening, f. cribro'sa [B N A], cribri- 
form fascia. Cruveilhier's f., the superficial 
perineal fascia, cuneate f., a continuation of 
the dorsolateral column of the spinal cord into 
the oblongata, deep f., a dense, firm, fibrous mem- 
brane investing the trunk and limbs, and giving 
off sheaths to the various _ muscles. Called also 
aponeurotic f. Denonvillier's f., a portion of 
the rectovesical fascia between the rectum and 
prostate gland, f. denta'ta, dentate f., f. 
denta ta hippocam pi [B N A], a serrated strip 
of gray matter under the inner border of the hippo- 
campus major, f. diaphrag'matis pel'vis in- 
ferior [B N A], the ischiorectal fascia, f. dia- 
phrag'matis pel'vis supe'rior [B N A], the 
rectovesical fascia, f. diaphrag'matis uro- 
genita'lis infe'rior [B N A], the superficial layer 
of the triangular ligament, f. diaphrag'matis 
urogenita'lis supe'rior [B N A], the deep layer 
of the triangular ligament, endothoracic f., a 
dome-shaped structure at the root of the neck, to 
which the deep cervical fascia is attached, ex- 
trapleural f., a structure sometimes found at 
the root of the neck, a prolongation of the endo- 
thoracic fascia: important as possibly modifying 
the auscultatory sounds at the apex of the lung, 
fibro-areolar f. Same as superficial f. God- 
man's f., a fascia at the root of the neck, extend- 
ing to the pericardium, iliac f., a strong fascia 
covering the inner surface of the iliac and psoas 
muscles, iliopectineal f., the fascia covering 
the floor of the iliopectineal fossa and made 
up of the iliac and pectineal fasciae, infun- 
dibuliform f., a process of the transversa- 
lis fascia over the spermatic cord, inter- 
columnar f., the pouch, which covers the sper- 
matic cord and testis, ischiorectal f., that 
which covers the perineal side of the levator ani. 
f. la'ta [B N A], the wide, dense sheaths of the 
muscles of the thigh, lumbo dorsal f., the. com- 
bined lumbar and dorsal fasciae, masseteric f., 
a layer of the deep cervical fascia covering each 
masseter muscle, f. nu'chse, the layer of fascia 
beneath the trapezius and rhomboid muscles, 
obturator f., f. obturato'ria [BNA], the 
parietal layer of the pelvic fascia, palmar f., a 
stout layer beneath the skin of the palm, pec- 
tineal f., the pubic portion of the fascia lata, 
pelvic f., the fibrous lining of the interior of the 
pelvis, perineal f., three layers of fascia between 
the muscles of the perineum, plantar f., the 
deep fascia of the sole, f. pro'pria. i. One of the 
coverings of an oblique inguinal hernia, derived 
from the infundibuliform fascia. 2. The meta- 
morphosed fascial covering of a femoral hernia, f. 
rec'ta, the sheath of the rectus muscle, recto- 
vesical f., the fascia forming the inner sheath of 
the levator ani muscle. Richet's f., a fold of 
extraperitoneal fascia enveloping the obliter- 
ated umbilical vein, scalene f. Same as 
Sibson's f. Scarpa's f., a part of the deep 
layer of superficial fascia of the abdomen which 
overlies Poupart's ligament. Sibson's f., the 
scalenus minimus muscle. See under muscles, 
table of. spermatic f., external interco- 
FASCIA 
414 
lumnar f., a fascia connected with the pillars 
of the external abdominal ring. f. spiralis, a 
form of spiral bandage, superficial f., a thin 
and open lamina lying directly beneath the skin, 
f. of Tenon, a fibrous sheath inclosing part of 
the eyeball, and helping to form the tunica vagina- 
lis of the eye. Thomson's f., occasional yel- 
lowish fibers covering the inner half of the external 
abdominal ring, thyrolaryngeal f., the fascia 
investing the thyroid body and attached to the 
cricoid cartilage, transversalis f., that which 
lies between the transversalis muscle and the 
peritoneum. Tyrrell's f. Same as Denon- 
villier's f. 
fascial (fash'e-al). Pertaining to or of the nature of 
a fascia. ■« 
fasciaplasty (fash'e-ah-plas-te) [fascia + Gr. 
TrXaaaeiv to form]. A plastic operation on a 
fascia. 
fascicular, fasciculate, fasciculated (fas-ik'u- 
lar, fas-ik'u-lat, fas-ik'u-la-ted). Clustered to- 
gether. f. bladder, a bladder in which there is 
muscular hypertrophy, due to obstruction, the 
muscular bundles interlacing in all directions. 
fasciculation (fas-ik-u-la'shun). Arrangement in 
fasciculi. 
fasciculus (fas-ik'u-lus) [L. dim. of fas'cis bun- 
dle]. A small bundle or cluster, chiefly of nervous 
or muscular fibers, f. aberrans of Monakow, 
the rubrospinal tract, f. acus'ticus, one of a 
series of white striae extending transversely across 
the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, f. 
ante'rior pro'prius [B N A], the anterior 
ground-bundle. See bundle, f. anterolateralis 
superficia'lis [B N A], Gowers' tract, f. ar- 
cua'tus, the superior longitudinal fasciculus. 
Arnold's f., the frontal tract of the crusta. f. 
atrioventricula'ris, auriculoventricular f. 
Same as bundle of His. f. cerebellospina'lis 
[B N A]. Same as direct cerebellar tract, under 
tract, cuneate f., a continuation of the ob- 
longata into the posterior columns of the spinal 
cord. f. ex'ilis, a cluster of muscle-fibers con- 
necting the flexor pollicis longus with the inner 
condyle of the humerus, or with the coronoid 
process of the ulna, extrapyramidal motor f., 
the rubrospinal tract. Flechsig's f., the anterior 
ground-bundle and the lateral ground-bundle. See 
under bundle. Foville's oblique f., the 
peduncle of the cerebellum, fundamental f., a 
part of the ventral column of the myelon extend- 
ing into the oblongata, f. gra'cilis [B N A], a 
continuation of the dorsomedian column of the 
myelon into the oblongata, f. innomina'tus, 
either of two bundles of nerve-fibers within the 
medulla oblongata, continuous with the fasciculus 
teres, f. latera'lis pro'prius [B NA], the lateral 
ground-bundle. See bundle, longitudinal f., 
posterior, a bundle of nerve-fibers in the pons and 
crus joining the corpora quadrigemina and the 
nuclei of the fourth and sixth nerves with the 
structures below, f. longitudina'lis media'- 
lis [B N A], Same as longitudinal f., posterior. 
maculary f., a class or system of nerve-fibers 
which originate in the macula lutea. Some are un- 
crossed (on the temporal side) and others are 
crossed fibers (on the nasal side of the retina). 
Meynert's f., the fasciculus retroflexus: a small 
white fascicle of nerve-fibers going from the 
habenula to the interpeduncular space, f. obli'- 
quus pon'tis [B N A], a fasciculus of fibers in 
the ventral surface of the pons extending from the 
anterior mesal portion outward and backward, f. 
occipitofrontalis (of Dejerine), a bundle of 
fibers in the brain extending along the external 
angle of the lateral ventricle, within the corona 
radiata, above the caudate nucleus, and beneath 
and external to the corpus callosum, and between 
the cingulum and the superior longitudinal bundle 
of Burdach. olivary f., a fillet beneath and in- 
closing the olivary body, oval f., an area of de- 
scending fibers in the posterior funiculus of the 
FASCICULUS FASCIITIS 
415 
FEBRIFUGAL 
spinal cord near the posterior septum; called also 
median root zone. f. pedunculomamilla'ris 
[B N A], a tract of fibers extending from the mammil- 
lary body to the tegmentum and base of the cere- 
bral peduncle, pyramidal f., direct, a part of 
the anterior column of the cord extending to the 
pyramid. Called also f. of Turek, f. retro- 
flex'us [B N A]. See Meynert's f. f. of Ro- 
lando , the enlarged head of the posterior cornu of 
gray matter in the oblongata, f. rotun'dus. 
Same as solitary f. solitary f., fibers that con- 
nect the internal capsule and the lenticular nucleus 
with parts below. Called also tractus solitarius, 
respiratory bundle, and solitary bundle, f. sub- 
callo'sus, a tract of long association fibers be- 
neath the callosum, running to the frontal, oc- 
cipital, and parietal lobes. Tarin's f., fascia 
dentata. f. te'res, the funiculus teres, f. 
thalamomammilla'ris [B N A], the bundle of 
Vicq d'Azyr. trineural f., a small bundle of 
nerve-fibers in the upper part of the spinal cord, 
connecting the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, 
f. of Turek. Same as pyramidal f. unciform 
f., uncinate f., f. uncina'tus [B N A], a set 
of fibers connecting the frontal and temporo- 
sphenoid lobes. 
fasciitis (fas-e-i'tis). Inflammation of fascia. 
fasciodesis (fas-e-od'e-sis) [L. fas'eia + Gr. beacs 
binding]. The operation of suturing a tendon to 
a fascia. 
Fasciola (fas-i'o-lah). A genus of flukes. F. 
gigan'tica, a species resembling F. hepatica, but 
larger and found in the livers of oxen, goats, giraffes, 
zebras, etc., in Senegambia. F. hepat ica, the 
common liver-fluke of sheep, oxen, goats, horses, 
and other herbivorous animals. It is occasionally 
found in the human liver, where it may cause 
dangerous symptoms by obstructing the biliary 
passages, causing enlargement of the liver, with 
degeneration and cyst formation. Several snails 
of the genus Limnaea act as invertebrate hosts. 
Called also Distoma hepaticum. 
fasciola (fas-e'o-lah) [L. "strip of cloth"]. The 
fascia dentata. f. cine'rea, the upward extension 
of the fascia dentata. 
fasciolar (fas-e'o-lar). Pertaining to the fasciola 
or fascia dentata. 
fascioliasis (fas-e-o-li'as-is). Infection of the or- 
ganism with Fasciola hepatica. 
Fasciolop'sis bus'kii. A trematode worm found 
in the gall-bladder and duodenum of residents in 
Asia. It is the largest of the intestinal flukes, and 
is said to cause indigestion, nausea, headache, and 
diarrhea. F. rathou'isi, a species reported once 
from Asia. 
fascioplasty (fash'e-o-plas-te). See fasciaplasty. 
fasciotomy (fas-e-ot'o-me) [fascia + Gr. rep.veiv to 
cut]. Surgical incision and division of a fascia. 
fascitis (fas-i'tis). Inflammation of a fascia. 
fast (fast). Resistant to destruction or to staining: 
said of bacteria. Cf. acid-fast and serum-fast. 
fastidium (fas-tid'e-um). Repugnance to food. 
fastigatum (fas-tig-a'tum) [L. "pointed"]. The 
nucleus fastigii, or tegmental nucleus. 
fastigium (fas-tij'e-um) [L. "ridge"]. 1. The 
angle at the junction of the inferior vermiform 
process with the velum musculare anterius. 2. 
The acme, or highest point, as of a fever. 
fastness (fast'nes). The property of bacteria to 
resist the action of stains or of destructive agents. 
fat (fat). 1. The oily substance that covers the con- 
nective tissue of an animal; mainly a compound 
of stearic, palmitic, and oleic acids with glycerol. 
2. In chemistry, an organic ester consisting of the 
glycerol radical, C3H5, combined with a fatty acid, 
f.-cell, f.-necrosis, etc. See under cell, ne- 
crosis, etc. chyle f., fat in the form of an ex- 
tremely fine emulsion taken into the chyle by the 
lymphatics of the intestine, masked f., fat that 
exists in a tissue, but is not revealed by stain- 
ing methods, f .-milk, centrifugalized cows' milk 
which contains in very nearly exact proportions- 
the elements of human milk, except that the 
lactose is somewhat deficient, molecular f., fat 
occurring in fine specks within the cells, neutral 
f., a compound of a fatty acid and glycerin, f.- 
pad. See under pad. f.-thrill, a peculiar- 
thrill sometimes experienced in abdominal ex- 
amination, due to excessive fatness of the parietes. 
fat-soluble A. A class of unknown substances in. 
food which are concerned in inducing growth; they 
are vitamins, found in animal fats. Cf. vitamin. 
fatigability (fat-ig-ab-il'it-e). Easily susceptible 
to fatigue. 
fatigue (fah-teg') [Fr.; L. fatiga'tio]. Weariness,, 
usually from overexertion. stimulation f., 
decreased excitability of a nerve from repeated; 
stimulation, f.-stuff, toxic material due to tissue- 
degeneration after excessive fatigue. 
fatty (fat'e). Pertaining to fat. f. series, the 
open-chain series. See under chain. 
fauces (faw'sez) [L.]. The passage from the mouth; 
to the pharynx, isthmus of f. See isthmus- 
faucium. 
Fauchard's disease (fo-sharz') [Pierre Fauchard,. 
French dentist, 1680-1761]. See under disease. 
faucial (faw'she-al). Pertaining to the fauces. 
faucitis (faw-si'tis). Inflammation of the fauces. 
Fauvel's granules (fo-velz') [Sulpice Antoine- 
Fauvel, French physician, 1813-1884]. Peribron- 
chitic abscesses. 
faveolate (fav-e'o-lat) [L. fave'olus, from fa'vus 
honeycomb]. Honeycombed; alveolate. 
favus (fa'vus) [L. "honeycomb"]. A contagious 
skin disease due to a parasitic fungus, Achor'iow 
schonlein'ii, and marked by the formation of 
round, cup-shaped crusts resembling honeycomb, 
which are usually situated over hair-follicles. 
The crusts are attended with intense itching, and' 
have a peculiar moldy odor. Called also tinea 
favosa, tinea ficosa, tinea lupinosa, tinea maligna, 
tinea vera, porrigo favosa, porrigo larvalis, porrigo- 
lupinosa, porrigo sentulata, porrigophyta, der- 
matomycosis favosa, trichomykosis favosa, honey- 
comb ringworm, and crusted ringworm. The dis- 
ease may affect any part of the body, but occurs- 
most frequently upon the scalp, resulting in loss of 
the hair, f. circin'atus, favus occurring on a cir- 
cinate patch, f.-cup, any one of the cup-shaped 
divisions of one of the crusts that characterize- 
favus. f. herpet'icus, favus in which the lesion 
is papulovesicular and studded with small yellow 
points, f. herpetifor'mis, mouse favus. mouse 
f., a disease of mice, caused by the fungus Achor'- 
ion quinchea'num; it may be transmitted to man. 
f. mu'rium, mouse favus. f. pila'ris, favus of 
the scalp. 
Fe. Chemical symbol of iron (ferrum). 
feather (feth'er). The abundant long hair on the 
fetlocks of Shire and Clydesdale horses. 
Feb. dur. Abbreviation for L. feb're duran'te, while- 
the fever lasts. 
febralgene (feb-ral'jen). An antipyretic and ano- 
dyne sedative. Dose, 2^-5 gr. (0.166-0.333 gm.). 
febricant (feb'rik-ant). Causing fever. 
febricide (feb'ris-id) [L. fe'bris fever + ca'dere to- 
kill]. Destroying fever. 
febricity (fe-bris'it-e). Feverishness; the quality 
of being febrile. 
febricula (fe-brik'u-lah) [L.]. A slight or tempo- 
rary attack of fever. 
febrifacient (feb-re-fa'shent) [L. fe'bris fever + 
fa'cere to make]. Producing fever. 
febrific (feb-rif'ik). Producing fever. 
febrifugal (fe-brif'u-gal) [L. fe'bris fever + fuga're- 
to put to flight]. Dispelling or relieving fever. FEBRIFUGE 
416 
FENUGREEK 
febrifuge (feb'rif-uj) [L. fe'bris fever + fuga're to 
dispel]. 1. Dispelling or reducing fever. 2. A 
remedy that allays fever. 
febrile (feb'ril) [L. fe'bris fever]. Pertaining to 
fever; feverish. 
febrinol (feb'rin-ol). A proprietary analgesic, anti- 
pyretic, and hypnotic medicine. 
febris (fe'bris). Latin for fever, f. colomben'- 
sis. See Colombo fever, under fever. _ f. endem- 
ica rose'ola, dengue, f. entericoi'des, en- 
tericoid fever. See fever, f. pal'lida, an acute 
infectious malignant endocarditis occurring in 
Switzerland, f. recur'rens, relapsing fever, f. 
ru'bra, scarlatina, f. sudora'lis, undulant 
fever, f. tritse'a, tertian intermittent fever, f. 
un'dulans, typhomalarial fever. 
fecal (fe'kal). Pertaining to or of the nature of 
feces. 
fecalith (fek'al-ith) [feces + Gr. \l0os stone]. An 
intestinal concretion formed around a center of 
fecal matter. 
fecaloid (fek'a-loid). Resembling fecal matter, 
fecaluria (fek-al-u're-ah) [feces + Gr. ovpov urine]. 
The presence of fecal matter in the urine. 
feces (fe'sez) [L. fce'ces]. The excrement or un- 
digested residue of the food discharged from the 
bowels. 
Fechner's law (fek'nerz) [Gustav Theodor Fechner. 
Prussian natural philosopher, 1801-1887]. See law. 
Fe(C3H5O3)2. Ferrous lactate. 
Fe(C6H5O7). Citrate of iron. 
FeCl2. Ferrous chlorid. 
Fe2Cl6. Ferric chlorid. 
FeCO3. Ferrous carbonate. 
fecula (fek'u-lah) [L. fcFcula lees, dregs]. 1. Lees 
or sediment. 2. Starch; also the starchy part of a 
seed. 
feculent (fek'u-lent) [L. fceculen'tus]. 1. Having 
dregs or a sediment. 2. Excrementitious. 
fecundation (fe-kun-da'shun) [L. fecunda' tio\. 
Impregnation or fertilization, artificial f., that 
which is effected by injecting semen into the 
uterus by means of a syringe. . 
fecundity (fe-kun'dit-e) [L. fecun'ditas}. Ability 
to produce offspring; fruitfulness. 
Fede's disease (fa'daz) [Francesco Fede, an Italian 
physician, 1832-1913]. Riga's disease. See under 
disease. ' 
Federici's sign (fe-de-re'tshez) [Cesare Federici, 
an Italian physician, 1832-1892]. See sign. 
feeble-mindedness. A defective mentality mani- 
fested by inability to think and to reason or to 
perform other mental functions in a normal 
manner. 
feeding (fe'ding). The taking or giving of food, 
artificial f., feeding of a baby with food other 
than mothers' milk, extrabuccal f., the ad- 
ministration of food by channels other than the 
mouth. Finkelstein's f., feeding, of infants 
based upon decrease in the milk-sugar of the food, 
forced f., the administration of food by force to 
those who cannot or will not receive it. 
fefe (fe-fe). Samoan term for elephantiasis. 
Fehleisen's streptococcus (fa'lis-enz) [Friedrich 
Fehleisen, German physician, born 1854]. The 
streptococcus of erysipelas. 
Fehling's solution (fa'lingz) [Hermann von Feh- 
ling, German chemist, 1812-1885]. See solution. 
Fe2H6O8. Ferric hydroxid. 
fejoprot (fe'jo-prot). A proprietary organic iron- 
iodin-alb umin compound in tablet form. 
fel (fel), gen. fel'lis [L. for "bile" or "gall"]. The 
bile. f. bo'vis, ox-gall. f. bo'vis inspis'- 
satum, dried ox-gall. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 
gm.), f. bo'vis purifica'tum, purified ox-gall: 
laxative, tonic, and digestant. Dose, 5-10 gr. 
(0.333-0.666 gm.). 
fellatio (fel-a'she-o). The act of taking the penis 
into the mouth. 
fellator (fel'at-or). A sexual pervert who takes the 
penis of another into his mouth. 
fellatorism (fel-a'tor-izm). Introduction of the 
penis into the mouth of another person. 
fellatrice (fel-at-res'). A female who takes the 
male organ into her mouth. 
fellitin (fel'it-in). A proprietary ox-gall prepara- 
tion for the cure of frost-bite. 
felon (fel'on). See paronychia. 
felsin (fel'sin). A proprietary preparation of 
ox-gall, pepsin, pancreatin, and capsicum: used as 
a digestive and hepatic stimulant. 
felt-work (felt'werk). A complex of nerve-fibrils 
more dense than a network; neuropilem. 
Fem. intern. Abbreviation for L. femor'ibus in- 
ter' nus, at the inner side of the thighs. 
female (fe'mal) [L. femel'la young woman], _ i. 
Relating or belonging to the sex that conceives 
and bears young. 2. Receiving a complementary 
part. 
feminilism, feminism (fem-in'il-izm, fem'in-izm). 
The possession or assumption of female characters 
by the male. 
femininity, feminity, femineity (fem-in-in'it-e, 
fem-in'it-e, fem-in-e'it-e). Womanhood; the pos- 
session of normal female qualities by a woman. 
feminization (fem"in-iz-a'shun). The develop- 
ment of female characteristics. 
feminonucleus (fem"in-o-nu-kle'us). The female 
pronucleus. See pronucleus. 
femoral (fem'or-al) [L. femora'lis]. Pertaining to 
the femur. 
femoralis muscle (fem-o-ra'lis). Same as cru- 
raus. See muscles, table of. 
femorocele (fem'o-ro-sel) [L. fe'mur thigh + Gr. 
ktjXt) hernia]. Femoral hernia. 
femorotibial (fem"o-ro-tib'e-al). Pertaining to 
the femur and the tibia. 
femur (fe'mur) [L. "thigh"]. 1. The thigh-bone. 
2. The thigh, pilastered f., a femur in which 
the linea aspera stands out like a ridge. 
fenchone (fen'kon). A hydrocarbon, CioHkO, re- 
sembling camphor, from oil of fennel and oil of 
thuja. 
fenchyval (fen'she-val). Fenchyisovalerate, a col- 
orless liquid used in hysteria. 
fenestra (fe-nes'trah) [L. "window"]. A window- 
like opening; an open area, as in a bandage or 
the blade of a forceps, f. coch'lea [B N A], the 
fenestra rotunda, f. ova'lis, an oval opening 
in the inner wall of the middle ear. f. rotun'da, 
a round opening in the inner wall of the middle 
ear. f. vestib'uli [B N A], the fenestra ovalis. 
fenestrated (fen'es-tra-ted) [L. fenestra'tus}. 
Pierced with one or more openings. 
fenestration (fen-es-tra'shun) [L. fenestra'tus fur- 
nished with windows]. The act of perforating, 
or the condition of being perforated, with open- 
ings. 
fennel (fen'el). The umbelliferous plant, Foenicf- 
ulum vulga're, and its fruit. The fruit is used as a 
stimulant, carminative, and emmenagogue. Dose 
of water (a'qua fomic'uli), 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.); 
of volatile oil, 5-10 min. (0.33-0.66 c.c.). See 
Foeniculum. 
Fenner's guaiac mixture (fen'erz) [B. Fenner, 
American physician]. Same as tinctura antacida. 
fenthozone (fen'tho-zon). A proprietary disin- 
fectant and deodorizer containing various anti- 
septic and aromatic principles. 
fenugreek (fen'u-grek) [L. fee'num gra'cum Greek 
hay]. The leguminous plant, Trigonel'la fce"num- 
gra'cum and its oily seeds. The seeds are used 
mainly for poultices, etc., and in veterinary medi- 
cine. fe2o3 
417 
FERRI-ALBUMINIC 
Fe2Ov Ferric oxid. 
Fe(OH)3. Hydrated oxid of iron. 
feolathan (fe-o-lath'an). Ferro-ammonium lactate, 
used as a hematinic. 
Fe(P2O2)3. Hypophosphite of iron. 
feral (fe'ral) [L. fera'lis}. Dangerous, deadly. 
feralboid (fe-ral'boid). A proprietary peptonized 
iron albuminate. 
ferase (fe'ras). A serum for use in treating glanders 
in horses. 
fer cremol (fer kre'mol). A tasteless brown powder 
of hemoglobin and iron. Dose, 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.52 
gm.). 
Fereol's nodes (fa-ra-61z') [Louis Henri Felix 
Fereol, French physician, 1825-1891]. See under 
node. 
f ergon (feFgon). An organic iron preparation. 
Fergusson's incision, speculum (fer'gus-unz) 
[Sir William Fergusson, British surgeon, 1808- 
1877]. See under incision and speculum. 
ferisol (fer'is-ol). A compound of guaiacol and 
cinnamic acid, recommended for tuberculosis. 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.33-1 gm.). 
fermang (fer'mang). A preparation of iron, man- 
ganese, and albumin: used in anemia and chlo- 
rosis. 
fermenlaotyl (fer-men-lak'til). A proprietary lac- 
tic ferment in compressed form, used in making 
Bulgarian sour milk. 
ferment (fer'ment) [L. fermen'tum leaven]. Any 
substance that causes fermentation in other sub- 
stances with which it comes in contact. See en- 
zyme. amylolytic f.H any sugar-producing or 
diastatic ferment, autolytic f., a ferment de- 
veloping in a tissue and causing disintegration of 
the tissue after death, chemic f., unorganized 
f., one which is not a living organism, coagulat- 
ing f., any ferment that causes milk to curdle, 
conform f., a bacteriolytic ferment which de- 
stroys those bacteria which produce it. diastatic 
f., a ferment that changes starch into sugar, di- 
gestive f., a ferment which acts to digest food, 
fibrin-f., a ferment occurring in the blood, 
and changing fibrinogen into fibrin. Called also 
thrombin and plasmase. glycolytic f., a ferment 
produced in the liver which changes starch into 
glucose; also any ferment that breaks up sugar, 
heteroform f., a bacteriolytic ferment which 
destroys those bacteria which produce it and others 
as well, hydrolytic f., a ferment that operates 
by causing water to be taken up, followed by the 
breaking down of the substance which absorbs the 
water, inverting f., a ferment which converts 
cane-sugar into grape-sugar, lactic f., a ferment 
which decomposes lactose into lactic acid and carbon 
dioxid. leukocytic f., the ferment or cytase of 
leukocytes, living f., an organized ferment, 
metallic f., a colloidal metal, myosin f., an 
enzyme occurring in muscle-plasma which con- 
verts myosinogen into myosin, organized f., a 
living plant or animal organism, such as a microbe, 
which acts as a ferment, oxidation f., oxidizing 
f., a ferment which acts as a carrier of oxygen and 
produces oxidation, protective f., a ferment 
formed in the body as a result of the presence in 
the blood of foreign substances, which ferment is 
capable of splitting up the foreign substance and 
thus protecting the organism. Called also Abwehr- 
fermente. Cf. Abderhalden's reaction under reaction. 
proteolytic f., any ferment that may con- 
vert a protein into a peptone or an albumose, 
soluble f. Same as unorganized f. steato- 
lytic f., a ferment which splits up fat into fatty 
acids and glycerin, unorganized f., a chemical 
substance producing fermentation by chemical 
means: an enzyme, urea f. See urease and 
nephrozymase. 
fermental (fer-men'tal). Pertaining to or arising 
from a-ferment. 
fermentation (fer-men-ta'shun) [L. fermenta'tio]. 
The decomposition of complex molecules through 
the influence of a ferment; chemic or physical 
change induced by a ferment, acetic f., the 
conversion of a weak alcoholic solution into 
acetic acid or vinegar, alcoholic f., the conver- 
sion of ethylic alcohol from carbohydrates, am- 
moniacal f., the formation of ammonia and 
carbon dioxid from urea, amylic f., the fermen- 
tation which produces amyl alcohol from sugar, 
butyric f., the change of carbohydrates, milk, etc., 
into butyric acid, caseous f., the coagulation 
of soluble casein under the influence of rennet fer- 
ment. dextran f., the fermentation by which dex- 
trose is converted into dextran, diastatic f., the 
change of starch into glucose, under the influence of 
ptyalin, the glycolytic ferment, etc. frog-spawn 
f., dextran fermentation, lactic f., the souring 
of milk, caused by various bacilli, propionic f., 
the production of propionic acid from saccharine 
solutions by the Bacil'lus camci'dus. saccharo- 
butyric f., intestinal fermentation of carbohy- 
drates, with the formation of butyric acid, produced 
by the Bacillus a'erogenes capsulatus. viscous f., 
the production of gummy substances, as in the 
urine, milk, and in wine, under the influence of 
various bacilli. 
fermentdiagnosticum (fer-ment-di-ag-nos'tik- 
um). A proprietary solution of glycyltryptophan 
for determining the presence of a proteolytic fer- 
ment. 
fermentemia (fer-men-te'me-ah) [ferment + Gr. 
atp.a blood]. The presence of a ferment in the 
blood. 
fermentine (fer'ment-in). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of the protoplasmic and nuclear constituents 
of yeast. 
fermentiscible (fer-men-tis'ib-1). Capable of 
undergoing fermentation. 
fermentogen (fer-men'to-jen) [ferment + Gr. 
-yewaj' to produce], A substance which may be 
converted into a ferment. 
fermentoid (fer-men'toid) [ferment + Gr. el8os re- 
semblance], A ferment which has been altered 
so as to lose its active properties. 
fermentum (fer-men'tum). Latin for yeast. 
fermocyl (fer'mo-sil). A proprietary glycolytic fer- 
ment used in diabetes mellitus. 
fern (fern). Any cryptogamous plant or species 
of the order Filices. female f., spleenwort, 
Asplenium filix femina. The root-stock was 
formerly /used as an anthelmintic and teniacide. 
male-f. See Aspidium. 
ferralbol (fer-al'bol). A nutritive preparation of 
egg-albumin, iron, and lecithin. 
ferralbumose (fer-al'bu-mos). A proprietary 
preparation of predigested meat and iron. 
ferralia (fer-a'le-ah) [L. pl.]. Medicinal iron prepa- 
rations; chalybeates. 
ferrated (fer-at'ed) [L. fer'rum iron]. Charged with 
iron. 
ferratin (fer'a-tin). A proprietary preparation of 
thcTron of the blood of animals. It is a reddish- 
brown powder, and contains 6 per cent, of iron, 
and is insoluble in water and dilute acids. It is 
a hematinic: used in anemia and chlorosis. Max- 
imum dose, 10-15 gr- (0.66-1 gm.). 
ferratogen (fer-at'o-jen). A yellow chalybeate 
powder, insoluble in water, derived from yeast 
which has been grown on an iron-containing 
medium. 
ferratol (fer'at-ol). A proprietary pill containing 
ferric chlorid, quinin, and extracts of quassia and 
gentian. 
Ferrein, pyramids cf (fer'in) [Antoine Ferrein, 
French physician, 1693-1769]. See pyramids. 
ferri acetas, etc. See under iron. 
ferri-albuminic (fer"e-al-bu-min'ik). Containing 
iron and albumin. FERRIC 
418 
FETOMETRY 
ferric (fer'ik) [L. fer'rum iron]. Containing iron 
in its higher valency. 
ferrichthyol (fer-ik'the-ol). A derivative of ich- 
thyol containing about 2.5 per cent, of iron: used in 
anemia, chlorosis, etc. Dose, 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 gm.). 
ferricyanid (fer-e-si'an-id). A salt of ferricyanic 
acid. 
ferricyanogen (fer"e-si-an'o-jen). A hexad radi- 
cal, (FeC6N8)2. 
ferrin (fer'in) [L. fer'rum iron]. An iron-con- 
taining substance found in some bile-pigments. 
ferrinol (fer'in-ol). A therapeutic preparation 
of iron and nuclein: used in anemia. Dose, 
3-10 gr. (0.2-0.65 gm.). 
ferripton (fer-ip'ton). A proprietary therapeu- 
tic preparation of iron. 
ferripyrin (fer-e-pi'rin). Same as ferropyrin. 
ferrisalipyrin (fer"e-sal-ip-i'rin). A yellow- 
brown powder: ferrous salicylate of antipyrin. 
ferrivine (fer'iv-In). An organic amino compound 
of iron, tripara-aminobenzine-ferric sulphonate, 
used by intravenous injection in syphilis (J. E. R. 
McDonagh). 
ferrocyanid (fer-o-si'an-id). A salt of ferrocyanic 
acid. 
ferrocyanogen (fer"o-si-an'o-jen). A tetravalent 
radical, Fe(CN)6. 
ferroglidin (fer-o-gli'din). A compound of iron and 
glidin, used in anemia, chlorosis, etc. 
ferrohemol (fer-o-he'mol). Hemol with 3 per 
cent, of added iron; a brown powder. Dose, 8 
gr. (0.5 gm.). 
ferromangan (fer-o-man'gan). A solution of a 
compound of peptone with iron and manganese: 
used as a tonic and hematinic. Dose, 1-4 fl.dr. 
(4-16 c.c,). 
ferrometer (fer-om'et-er) [L. fer'rum iron + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for estimating 
the amount of iron in blood. 
ferroplasma (fer-o-plaz'mah). An iron-containing 
preparation in the roots of Rumex crispus: used 
hypodermically in anemia, etc. 
ferroprotein (fer-o-pro'te-in). An albumin com- 
bined with an iron-containing radical. 
ferropyrin (fer-o-pi'rin). An orange-colored 
powder, (Ci1H12N2O)3Fe3Cl6, a compound of an- 
tipyrin and ferric chlorid. It is soluble in 5 
parts of water and in alcohol, but insoluble in 
ether. It is used in anemia, chlorosis, neuralgia, 
and as an external astringent. Dose, 7-15 gr. 
(0.5-1 gm.). 
ferrosajodin (fer"o-sa-i'o-din). Basic ferric iodo- 
behenate, Fe(OH)(C2iH42lCOO)2, three times a 
day. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). A reddish-brown 
powder: used like the iodids and iron. 
ferrosilicon (fer-o-sil'ik-on). Steel in which sili- 
con has been incorporated, giving a substance of 
great tensile strength. In its preparation and after 
its manufacture it gives off arseniureted hydrogen, 
which is likely to cause poisoning in those who 
handle the substance. 
ferrosin (fer-o'sin). A preparation of iron oxid 
(about 75 per cent.) with water, lime, and albu- 
min; used as a pigment. 
ferrosoferric (fer-o"so-fer'ik). Combining a 
ferrous with a ferric compound. 
ferrosol (fer'o-sol). A black liquid containing 
ferric saccharate and a saccharate of sodium 
chlorid: used in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, 1 
dr. (4 c.c.). 
ferrosomatose (fer-o-so'mat-6s). Somatose con- 
taining 2 per cent, of an iron combination; a 
dark-brown, tasteless powder: laxative, and ser- 
viceable in anemia and chlorosis. Daily dose, 
75-150 gr. (5-10 gm.). 
ferrostyptin (fer-o-stip'tin). A dark-yellow styp- 
tic and antiseptic crystalline substance, a salt of 
hexamethylene tetramine hydrochlorid and ferric 
chlorid, (CH2)6N4.HCl.FeC13. Dose, 5-8 gr. 
(o-333-o-5 gm.). 
ferrotherapy (fer-o-ther'ap-e) [L. fer'rum iron + 
therapy]. Therapeutic use of iron and iron com- 
pounds. 
ferrous (fer'us). Containing iron in its lower 
valency, f. chlorid, an iron chlorid, FeCl2 
(not the ferric chlorid). Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13- 
0.333 gm.). 
ferrozone (fer'o-zon). 1. A precipitating material 
for treating sewage, consisting mainly of iron 
protosulphate. 2. Saccharated iron and vanadium 
in tablet form. 
ferruginous (fer-u'jin-us) [L. ferrugino'sus; fer- 
ru'go iron rust]. 1. Containing iron or iron 
rust; chalybeate. 2. Of the color of iron rust. 
ferrule (fer'ool). In dentistry, a ring or band of 
metal applied to the root or crown of a tooth in 
order to strengthen it. 
ferrum (fer'um), gen. fe/ri [L. "iron"]. See 
iron. f. reduc'tum, reduced iron. 
fersan (feFsan) [L. fer'rum iron + san'guis blood]. 
Ferruginous paranucleoprotein, a brown powder 
prepared from the red cells of cattle blood: used 
in anemia and phthisis. Dose, 2-3 gr. (0.139- 
0.198 gm.). 
fertile (fer'til) [L. fer'tilis]. Fruitful; susceptible 
of being developed into a new individual (of 
ova); not sterile or barren. 
fertilization (fer"til-iz-a'shun). The act of ren- 
dering fertile; fecundation. It consists of the fusion 
of a spermatozoon with an ovum, preparatory to 
the development of the latter. 
fertilizin (fer'til-i-zin). Lillie's name for a hypo- 
thetic agent existing in the ovum which brings 
about fertilization by means of two side chains, 
one of which reacts with the ovum, the other with 
the sperm. 
Ferula (fer'u-lah) [L.]. A genus of umbelliferous 
plants. See ammoniac, asafetida, and ga'banum. 
Ferv. Abbreviation for L. fer'vens, boiling. 
fervescence (fer-ves'ens). An increase of fever or 
bodily temperature 
fervin (fer'vin). A preparation of meat-extract 
and iron in capsules. 
fester (fes'ter). 1. A small superficial sore or 
ulcer. 2. To suppurate superficially. 
festination (fes-tin-a'shun) [L. festina'tio]. An 
involuntary tendency to increase the speed in 
walking, as seen in paralysis agitans and other 
nervous diseases. 
festoform (fes'to-form). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of formaldehyd in solid form. 
festoon (fes-toon'). The swelling and curvature 
of the gums around the necks of the teeth. 
fetal (fe'tal). Pertaining to a fetus. 
fetalism (fe'tal-izm). A persistence in the adult 
or during postnatal life of certain fetal condi- 
tions. 
fetation (fe-ta'shun) [L. foe'tus fetus]. 1. The de- 
velopment of the fetus. 2. Gestation or preg- 
nancy. See under pregnancy. 
feticide (fe'tis-id) [L. fce'tus fetus + cce'dere to 
kill]. The destruction of the fetus in the uterus. 
fetid (fe'tid) [L. fce'tidus]. Having a rank or dis- 
agreeable smell. 
fetishism (fe'tish-izm). Sexual perversion in 
which the patient associates sexual feelings with 
articles of female dress, as gloves, shoes, hair, etc. 
fetlock (fet'lok). The metacarpophalangeal and 
metatarsophalangeal regions in the horse. 
fetography (fe-tog'raf-e) [fetus + Gr. ypaipeiv to 
write]. Skiagraphy of the fetus in utero. 
fetometry (fe-tom'et-re) [fetus + Gr. per poo meas- 
ure], The measurement of the fetus, especially 
of the diameters of the fetal head. fetoplacental (fe"to-pla-sen'tal). Pertaining to 
the fetus and placenta. 
fetor (fe'tor) [L.J. Stench or offensive odor. 
fetron (fet'ron). An ointment-base containing 
stearic acid anilid. 
fetterin, fetterine (fet'er-in). An alkaloid de- 
rived from sterilized milk. 
fetus (fe'tus) [L.J. The unborn offspring of any 
viviparous animal; the child in the womb after 
the end of the third month: before that time it 
is called the embryo, harlequin f., a fetus 
prematurely born and congenitally affected with 
keratoma, ichthyosis, and various defects. f. in 
fe'tu, a monster fetus consisting of a small imper- 
fect fetus within the body of the principal fetus, 
papyraceous f., a dead fetus pressed flat by 
the growth of a living twin, f. sanguinolen'tis, 
a dead fetus which has undergone what is known as 
maceration. 
fever (fe'ver) [L. fe'bris]. 1. Abnormally high 
bodily temperature; pyrexia. 2. Any disease 
characterized by marked increase of temperature, 
acceleration of the pulse, increased tissue destruc- 
tion, restlessness, delirium, etc. absorption 
f., a fever often seen during the first twelve hours 
after parturition, acclimation f. 1. A disease 
caused by a change of climate. 2. A disease of 
horses and cattle due to a change of surroundings, 
as from pasture in the country to stables in the 
city. African coast f. See Rhodesian f. algid 
pernicious f., pernicious malaria with symptoms 
of collapse, alimentary f., the fever which accom- 
panies gastro-intestinal disturbance, aphthous 
f. Same as foot-and-mouth disease. See under dis- 
ease. Archibald's f., a fever occurring in the 
Soudan, characterized by high fever and drowsiness, 
and due to an organism of the Bacillus cloacae group, 
aseptic f., surgical fever from aseptic wounds, 
supposed to be due to the disintegration of 
leukocytes. Assam f. Same as kala-azar. 
asthenic f., a fever with nervous depres- 
sion, feeble pulse, and a clammy skin. au- 
ric f., a febrile condition due to the exhibi- 
tion of remedies containing gold, autumnal 
f., any fever which occurs in the autumn, bar- 
biero f., a disease produced by the bite of Lamus 
magistus. bath f., a fever attended with anorexia, 
quickening of pulse, debility, and a cutaneous erup- 
tion, due to excessive bathing, bed f., high tem- 
perature which lasts while the patient lies in bed, 
but disappears when he gets up. biduotertian 
f., tertian malarial fever in which the paroxysms 
last so long that the fever is nearly continuous, 
biliary f. of the dog, a form of malignant 
jaundice with fever in dogs, caused by the Piro- 
plasma canis. Called also malignant jaundice of 
dogs, biliary f. of horses, a disease of horses due 
to infection with the Piroplasma equi, and marked 
by pigmentation of the mucous membranes with 
bile, bilious f., one with apparent liver complica- 
tions and attended with the vomiting of bile, 
bilious f. of cattle, glaziekte. black f., 
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, blackwater f., 
malarial hematinuria: a dangerous infectious trop- 
ical fever marked by chill, remittent fever, vom- 
iting, jaundice, and hematuria. The disease is 
almost exclusively confined to the white race, 
and is complicated by nephritis, blue f., Rocky 
Mountain spotted fever, boo-hoo f., a disease 
of Hawaii and other Pacific islands marked by de- 
pression of spirits and gastro-intestinal disorder, 
brain f., cerebral meningitis or cerebritis, or both 
together. Typhoid fever with marked cerebral 
complications is often called brain fever, break- 
bone f. See dengue, bullous f., the fever 
that accompanies pemphigus, cachectic f., 
cachexial f., kala-azar. Cameroon f. Same 
as malarialf. Canton f., Chinese typhus fever of 
a malarial type, carbohydrate f., food fever, 
carbuncular f., a variety of anthrax affecting 
cattle and horses, marked by the formation of 
circumscribed swellings in the skin, which at first 
FETOPLACENTAL 
419 
are hard, hot, and painful, but later become gan- 
grenous. Carter's f., Asiatic relapsing fever, 
catarrhal f., herpetic fever. catheter 
f., a fever that may follow misuse of a cath- 
eter. Cavite f., an endemic fever, resem- 
bling dengue, of Cavite and the neighbor- 
hood. It is marked by abrupt onset, high 
fever, muscular pain, and tenderness of the eye- 
balls. cerebrospinal f., cerebrospinal men- 
ingitis. See meningitis. cesspool f., ty- 
phoid fever. Chagres f., a malignant type 
of malarial fever occurring along the Chagres 
River in South America. Charcot's f., a 
septic fever resulting from impacted gall-stones 
and consequent jaundice, childbed f., puerperal 
fever. Chitral f., an acute infectious fever occur- 
ring in the Chitral Valley in India. Cobb's pig- 
mentary f., a disease occurring in India marked 
by a sudden and rapidly rising fever, headache, 
nausea, vomiting, and pigmentation of the cheeks 
and nose. Colombo f., a fever resembling 
paratyphoid fever occurring in Ceylon. An 
organism, Bacillus colombesis, is found asso- 
ciated with it. continued f., one which is 
neither intermittent nor remittent, but in which 
the symptoms are continuous. Corsican f., 
a sort of malarial fever occurring in Corsica, 
dandy f. See dengue. Danube f., a remit- 
tent fever endemic along the river Danube, 
deer-fly f. See alkali disease, under disease. 
digestive f., a slight rise of temperature during 
the process of digestion. Dumdum f. See kala- 
azar. east coast f. Same as Rhodesian f. 
elephantoid f., fever occurring in fdarial dis- 
ease, attended with lymphangitis, adenitis, and 
chyluria, and marked by vomiting and delirium, 
enteric f., typhoid fever, entericoid f., any 
fever resembling typhoid in its clinical features, 
ephemeral f., a slight fever lasting only a day 
or two. epidemic catarrhal f. See influenza. 
equine biliary f., a disease of horses caused by 
Piro plasma equi. It is marked by jaundice and 
high fever, with enlargement of the spleen and 
lymph-nodes, eruptive f., exanthematous 
f., any fever accompanied by an eruption on the 
skin. estivo-autumnal f., malarial fever, 
famine f., relapsing fever, fatigue f., a febrile 
attack due to overexercise and the absorption of 
waste-products, ferment f., a fever produced 
by the subcutaneous injection of an unorganized 
ferment, fermentation f., fever due to the 
absorption of the products of septic fermentation, 
five-day f. See trench f. food f., sudden fever 
with digestive disturbance lasting from a few days 
to some weeks, and attributed to intestinal auto- 
intoxication. Forrest's f., a fever continuing 
from three to fifteen days, with a parabole-like 
curve, the temperature rarely exceeding io°' F. 
fracture f., fever following the fracture of a bone, 
ganglionic f., fever with enlargement of the 
ganglionic glands. Garrick f., a contagious fever 
which raged in Dublin in 1742. gastric f., any 
acute abdominal attack associated with gastric dis- 
turbances. Gibraltar f. Same as Malta f. 
glandular f., an acute infectious disease of chil- 
dren, characterized by adenitis of the lymph-glands 
of the neck, particularly the anterior cervical ones. 
Called also acute infectious adenitis. Hawaiian 
f., a disease coming on with malaise and chill, 
followed by remittent fever, with splenic enlarge- 
ment, jaundice, and headache. It occurs in the 
Hawaiian Islands, hay-f., an acute and annually 
recurrent conjunctivitis with nasal catarrh, and 
often with asthmatic symptoms. The disease 
occurs at about the same time every year (usually 
in the spring or summer), and is regarded as an 
anaphylactic condition excited by a protein of 
plant pollen to which the individual is sensitized. 
Called also hay-asthma, pollenosis, and autumnal 
catarrh, hectic f., a daily recurring fever with 
profound sweating, chills, and flushed countenance, 
associated with tuberculosis and septic poisoning, 
hematuric f., any malarial fever that is asso- 
FEVER ciated with hematuria, hemoglobinuric f., 
any riialarial fever attended with hemoglobinuria. 
See Blackwater f. hepatic f., catarrhal angio- 
cholitis. herpetic f., a condition characterized 
by chills, fever, sore throat, and a herpetic erup- 
tion on the face. The condition is apparently in- 
fectious. Called also catarrhal f. hugli f., a 
severe malarial fever endemic in Bengal, hysteric 
f., an irregular elevation of temperature without 
general symptoms, sometimes seen in hysteria, 
icterohemorrhagic f. See Weil's disease, under 
disease. Ikwa f. Same as trench f. inanition 
f., a transitory fever which frequently occurs in 
infants during the first few days of life, inter- 
menstrual f., fever sometimes seen in tuber- 
culous women between the menstrual periods, 
intermittent f., malarial fever with marked.in- 
termissions, or stages of apyrexia and chill, in- 
undation f., tsutsugamushi disease. See under 
disease, irritation f., a febrile condition due to 
the presence of irritant materials in the body. 
Jaccoud's dissociated f., fever with slow and 
irregular pulse in tuberculous meningitis of adults. 
Japanese river f., an acute infectious disease of 
the western part of the Island of Nippon, marked 
by an initial eschar, followed by ulceration of the 
skin, continued fever, inflammation of the lymph- 
atics, and an exanthematous eruption, jessor f., 
a long-standing intermittent fever common in parts 
of India, jungle f., a.form of pernicious malarial 
fever occurring in the East Indies, kriim f., an 
endemic fever of Iceland, Faroe, and Greenland, 
lent f., typhoid fever, leprotic f., the ir- 
regular febrile disturbances seen in the early 
stages of leprosy. Levant f., a fever endemic 
in the Levant; by some believed to be of ma- 
larial origin, low f. Same as asthenic f. . lung 
f., croupous or other pneumonia, malarial f., 
an infectious disease, formerly ascribed to emana- 
tions from damp ground, but now known to be 
caused by a microorganism or parasite (Plasma'- 
dium mala'ria) which gains access to the blood 
through the bite of mosquitos of the genus Anoph- 
eles. The disease is attended with enlargement 
of the spleen, and in the later stages with dis- 
integration of the blood-corpuscles. The fever 
occurs in paroxysms, each of which is marked 
by a chill, followed by high fever and sweating, 
the attack lasting from one to ten hours. In inter- 
mittent malarial fever there is complete intermission 
of the symptoms, but the attack occurs again at 
regular intervals. If the paroxysms recur daily, 
the fever is termed quotidian; if every other day, 
tertian; if after an interval of two days, quartan. 
In remittent malarial fever there is only a remission 
between the attacks. Often the fever is replaced 
by periodic attacks of delirium, or of depression 
and coma, of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, 
of debility and coldness of the body, or of accel- 
erated respiration and dyspnea. The attacks are 
known as dumb or masked ague. When of long 
duration, the fever produces a state of vital de- 
pression, anemia, and cachexia, malarial ca- 
tarrhal f. of sheep. See hemoglobinuria of 
sheep. malignant f., fever in which the 
blood undergoes rapid degenerative changes. 
Malta f., Mediterranean f., a chronic infec- 
tious disease, due to Bacterium (Micrococ'cus) 
meliten'sis, and marked by recurring attacks of 
fever, enlargement of the spleen, swelling of the 
joints, neuralgic pains, profuse perspiration, and 
increasing weakness and anemia. The disease is 
endemic in the Mediterranean regions, but occurs 
sometimes in other tropical countries. Called also 
rock-f., undulant f., and Neapolitan f. Man- 
churian f., a disease similar to typhoid or typhus, 
occurring in Manchuria, miliary f., an acute 
infectious disease characterized by fever, profuse 
sweating, and the formation of a great many 
papules, succeeded by a crop of pustules. Called 
also sweating sickness, milk-f. 1. A mild form of 
puerperal septicemia. 2. A fever said to attend the 
establishment of lactation after delivery. 3. An 
FEVER 
420 
endemic fever said to be caused by the use of un- 
wholesome cows' milk. 4. A disease of cows. See 
cerebral anemia, under anemia, and parturient pa- 
ralysis, under paralysis, mosquito f., a febrile 
disease affecting unacclimated persons in Herze- 
govina at the beginning of the mosquito season. 
Mossman f., a fever endemic among the sugar- 
cane cutters of Mossman, North Queensland. It is 
characterized by swelling of the glands of the ax- 
illa and groin. mud f. See swamp f. muma 
f., myositis purulenta tropica, nakra f., nasa 
f., nasha f. [Hind, nasa nose], a femittent fever 
of India, attended with brain congestion and a 
pathognomonic turgescence of the vessels of the 
Schneiderian membrane, nanukayami f. See 
nanukayami. Neapolitan f. Same as Malta f. 
nicobar f., a violent type of jungle fever, night- 
soil f. Same as typhoid f. nodal f., erythema 
nodosum, oroya f., an infectious disease of Peru 
marked by high fever, a rapid and pernicious form 
of anemia, prostration, and death. It is caused by 
a blood parasite to which the name Bartonia 
bacilliformis has been given. Called also Car- 
rion's disease, pappataci f. See sandfly f. 
papular f., a disorder marked by fever, papular 
eruption, and rheumatic pains, para-malta f., 
paramelitensis. paramelitensis f., a disease re- 
sembling clinically Malta fever, but caused by an 
organism which differs from the Bacterium mel- 
itensis. paratyphoid f., a continued fever with 
symptoms identical with those of typhoid fever, but 
with the Widal reaction negative. It is caused 
by a bacillus intermediate in form between 
the typhoid bacillus and the colon bacillus, the 
paratyphoid, or paracolon bacillus (Bacterium para- 
typhosum), of which there are two types (B. para- 
typhusum A and B. paratyphosum B). paraun- 
dulant f., a fever resembling a mild undu- 
lant fever, but not caused by the organism of un- 
dulant fever, parenteric f., a fever resembling 
clinically typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, but 
due to bacteria other than the bacteria of these 
diseases, peach f., irritation of the skin, with 
nasal and bronchial catarrh and conjunctivitis, 
occurring in those who deal in or handle peaches. 
Pfeiffer's glandular f., an acute infectious 
febrile disease marked by swelling of the lymph- 
glands, prostration, and anemia, phlebotomus 
f. See sandfly f. Pretoria f., a fever with 
symptoms resembling abortive typhoid, observed 
in South Africa, protein f., heightened tem- 
perature produced by the injection of protein 
material into the body, puerperal f., septic 
poisoning occurring in child-bed. pythogenic 
f., typhoid fever, quartan f., a form of malarial 
fever caused by the Plasmodium malaria; which 
completes its life cycle in seventy-two hours, which 
causes the paroxysm to recur every three days, 
quinin f., a fever attended with skin eruption, 
seen among those who work in quinin. railway 
f., a condition marked by fever and malaise seen 
in cattle that have been on a long railway journey 
without proper care and feeding. Rangoon f., 
Forrest's fever, rat-bite f., an infectious dis- 
ease following the bite of a rat. It has an incuba- 
tion period of about two weeks, followed by one 
or more febrile attacks, accompanied by a char- 
acteristic bluish-red rash. It is attended by severe 
muscular pains and neuralgia. The causative 
agent is by some believed to be the Streptothrix 
muris ratii; by others, the Spirochceta morsus muris. 
recurrent f., relapsing f., any one of a group 
of acute infectious diseases caused by various 
species of Spirochceta, and marked by alternating 
periods of fever and apyrexia, each lasting from 
five to seven days. The disease begins abruptly 
with chill, headache, neuromuscular pains, fever, 
and sometimes vomiting. During the febrile 
periods there is enlargement of the liver and 
spleen. The organism causing the disease varies 
in different countries. The European fever is 
caused by Spirochceta (Spironema) obermei'eri 
which is probably transmitted by lice or by bed- 
FEVER FEVER 
bugs. The fever of East and West Africa is caused 
by Spirochaeta (Spironema) dutto'ni, which is trans- 
mitted by the bite of the tick, Ornithodorus mou- 
bata; that of North Africa by 5. ber'bera; that of 
India by S. car'teri; that of America by 5. no'vyi; 
that of Persia by S. per'sica. red f. of swine. 
See swine erysipelas, under erysipelas, red-water 
f., Texas fever, remittent f., a malarial fever 
with exacerbations and remissions, but no intermis- 
sions. See malarial J. rheumatic f., acute 
inflammatory rheumatism. Rhodesian f., a 
form of piroplasmosis of cattle in Africa, caused 
by the Piroplasma (Theilerid) parva, and marked by 
high fever and swelling of the lymph-nodes. Called 
also East African coast/., Rhodesian red-water f., and 
Rhodesian tick f. Robles' f., a condition char- 
acterized by irregular fever and mild general symp- 
toms, and continuing from two weeks to three 
months. Rocky Mountain spotted f., an 
infectious disease of the regions of the Rocky 
Mountains, characterized by high fever, pains in 
the bones and muscles, headache, a red, spotted 
eruption which may become dark and confluent, 
and by mental symptoms. Probably caused by a 
blood-parasite (Dermacentroxe'nus ricket'tsii), which 
is transmitted by the tick, Dermacen'tor venus'tus. 
Roman f., a virulent type of malarial fever 
prevailing in the Campagna of Rome, sakushu 
f., seven-day fever occurring in autumn epi- 
demics. in the Okayama Prefecture of Japan. 
Salonica f. See trench f. salt f., fever 
associated with excess of salt in the body, due 
to the drawing away by the salt of the water 
normally eliminated in the perspiration, sand- 
fly f., a short febrile disease, resembling dengue 
in many of its symptoms, occurring in Medi- 
terranean countries, and associated with the 
bites of sandflies, Phlebot'omus papatas'sii. Called 
also three-day f., phlebotomus f., and pappataci f. 
scarlet f. See scarlatina, septic f., one due to 
the entrance of septic poisons in the blood, seven- 
day f. 1. A fever affecting Europeans in India, 
and marked by symptoms similar to those of 
dengue. 2. See nanukayami. shipping f., an in- 
fectious disorder attacking animals which have been 
shipped by freight. The infection takes various 
forms, such as strangles, pink-eye, influenza, etc. 
simple continued f., a non-contagious fever 
with neither remissions nor intermissions, slow 
f., a popular name for various prolonged febrile 
conditions, often of the so-called typhomalarial 
type, solar f. Same as dengue. spirillum f., 
relapsing fever. splenic f., true anthrax, 
spotted f., cerebrospinal meningitis; also ty- 
phus. sthenic f., fever characterized by a full, 
strong pulse, hot and dry skin, high tempera- 
ture, thirst, and active delirium, stiff-neck f., 
epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. See meningitis. 
sun f., dengue, swamp f., an infectious disease 
of horses marked by recurring attacks of malaise 
with abrupt rises of temperature. The disease 
tends to become chronic. The disease is spread by 
feed and water contaminated by the urine of in- 
fected animals. Called also mud fever, infectious 
anemia, and pernicious anemia, symptomatic 
f., pyrexia and a quickened pulse occurring as 
accompaniments of a wound or of some other 
affection, syphilitic f., a febrile condition due 
to syphilitic poison, f. of tension, fever caused 
by great tension upon the stitches of a wound. 
Ulceration at the points where the stitches per- 
forate is usually present, tertian f., a form of 
malarial fever caused by the Plasmodium vivax, 
which completes its life cycle in forty-eight hours, 
thus causing the paroxysm to recur every two days. 
Texas f., an infectious cattle disease caused by 
the presence in the blood of Piroplas'ma bigem'- 
inum, which is introduced by the bite of the 
tick, Bobph'ilus bo'vis. thermic f., sunstroke: 
insolation, three-day f. Same as sandfly f. 
threshing f., a form of pneumokoniosis with ir- 
ritation of the respiratory tract, headache, and 
fever, occurring in workers at threshing grain. 
421 
thyroid f., the fever seen in hyperthyroidism, 
tick f. i. Any infectious disease due to a blood 
parasite transmitted by the bite of a tick. The 
parasite is usually a spirochete, and the dis- 
ease takes the form of- a recurrent fever. 2. 
Same as Rocky Mountain spotted f. traumatic 
f., one which follows a wound or injury, trench 
f., a relapsing fever occurring among the British 
troops in France and Salonica, marked by head- 
ache, dizziness, and pain in the back and legs. 
It is a germ disease, the infection being transmitted 
by the body louse. It is probably the same disease 
as Volhynia fever, trypanosome f. Same as 
trypanosomiasis. tsutsugamushi f. See 
tsutsugamushi disease, under disease, twelve - 
day f. of Nigeria, a dengue-like or typhus-like 
fever, characterized by abundant rash for sev- 
eral weeks, slight albuminuria and fever that 
terminates by lysis, typhoid f., enteric 
fever; abdominal typhus; a specific eruptive 
communicable fever, due to the Bacterium typho- 
sum, and marked by inflammation and ulceration 
of Peyer's patches, enlargement of the spleen 
and mesenteric glands, and catarrhal inflam- 
mation of the intestinal mucous membrane. 
The contagious principle is contained in the stools, 
and is introduced into the body through contami- 
nated food and drinking-water. The period of 
incubation is from one to four weeks, and the 
disease begins with headache, weariness, back- 
ache, cough, nose-bleed, and tenderness in the 
ileocecal region, the fever increasing each day, 
but remitting in the afternoon. The fever reaches 
its acme by the second week, at which time there 
appears on the chest, abdomen, and flanks an 
eruption of small, rose-colored spots or papules, 
which develop in crops. Diarrhea now begins, 
accompanied with gurgling, and the evacuations 
have a peculiar "pea-soup" appearance; the 
spleen is markedly enlarged and tympanites is 
present. In a week or so there is a gradual de- 
cline of the fever and other symptoms, and a 
gradual convalescence, which may be inter- 
rupted by relapses. Complications frequently 
occur, the most important of which are intesti- 
nal hemorrhage, perforation of the intestine, 
pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis, nephritis, throm- 
bosis of veins, otitis, parotitis, etc. typhoid f., 
abenteric, typhoid fever in which the intes- 
tinal tract is not involved, typhoid f., abor- 
tive, a variety in which the symptoms are de- 
veloped in a few days, typhoid f., ambula- 
tory, a form in which the symptoms are not 
severe enough to confine the patient to bed 
typhoid f., apyretic, a form in which the fever 
does not rise above ioo° F., often remaining 
normal, typhoid f., foudroyant, a severe form 
with convulsions and other nervous disturb- 
ances. typhoid f., hemorrhagic, a very fatal 
variety with hemorrhage from the mouth, bowels, 
and kidneys, typhomalarial f., a fever show- 
ing typhoid symptoms, but believed to be mala- 
rial in origin, typhus f. (Frascatorius, 1546), 
a highly contagious eruptive fever, with no charac- 
teristic lesions (except, possibly, softening of the 
spleen, darkness of the blood, and congestion of the 
lungs), but with great prostration. The occurrence 
of the disease is favored by filth, overcrowding, bad 
ventilation, poor food, etc., and the causal organism 
is probably an organism, Rickett'sia prowazek'i, 
which is transmitted by the bite of lice. The incu- 
bation period varies from one day to two weeks, 
and the disease begins with malaise, headache, 
chills, pains in the muscles, dark flushing of the skin, 
and rapidly rising fever. After the fever has reached 
its height, the other symptoms increase, with great 
prostration, blackness and dryness of the tongue, 
and a deposit of sordes on the teeth and lips. The 
breath and perspiration have a peculiar musty 
odor, and the patient passes from a state of de- 
lirium into a nearly comatose condition. The 
eruption, which appears on the fourth or fifth 
day, consists of a mottling of the skin, together 
FEVER with small, slightly elevated, rose-colored spots, 
undulant f. Same as Malta f. urethral f., 
fever following the use of the urethral bougie, 
catheter, or sound, urinary f. Same as ure- 
thral f. uveoparotid f., an infectious fever 
marked by chronic inflammation of the parotid 
gland and the uvea, van der Scheer's f. Same 
as trench f. vesicular f. i. A disorder marked 
by fever, localized pain, and a generalized vesicular 
eruption. 2. Pemphigus. Volhynia f. Same as 
trench f. water f., fever following the intravenous 
injection of aqueous solutions, as of salvarsan, due 
probably to the hemolytic effect of the water. 
West African f. Same as black-water f. Whit- 
more's f. See Whitmore's disease, under dis- 
ease. wound f., traumatic fever, yellow 
f., an infectious fever, chiefly of tropical America, 
marked by fatty degeneration of the liver and 
congestion of mucous membranes of the stom- 
ach and intestines. It is due to a protozoan organ- 
ism, Leptospi'ra icteroi'des, which is transmitted to 
the blood of man by the bite of the mosquito 
(Stegomyia fasciata). The period of incubation is 
from two to fifteen days, and the disease begins 
with chills, fever, frontal headache, pains in the 
spinal and lumbar regions, and vomiting. The fe- 
ver rises rapidly, the bowels become constipated, 
and the vomiting increases, until by the fourth day 
it becomes black or red from the presence of blood. 
The skin becomes jaundiced, the urine scanty and 
albuminous, and there may be hemorrhage from the 
intestinal mucous membrane. The disease is ex- 
tremely fatal, the patient passing into the typhoid 
state or into a condition of delirium or of coma. 
Zambesi f., an indeterminate non-malarial fever 
of Kaffirs in the Zambesi Valley (Bruce, 1910). 
feveret (fe-ver-et'). 1. Influenza or grip. 2. Eph- 
emeral fever. 
feverfew (fe'ver-fu). See Pyrethrum. 
fexism (feks'izm). A kind of cretinism occurring 
in Styria in Austria. 
F. h. Abbreviation for L.fi'at haus'tus, let a draught 
be made. 
fiat (fi'at), pX.fi'ant. Latin for let there be made. 
fiber (fi'ber) [L. fi'bra}. An elongated, thread-like 
structure of organic tissue, accelerating f's, 
nerve-fibers that transmit the impulses that 
accelerate the heart-beat, accessory f's, those 
zonular fibers that are not grouped as chief fibers, 
anastomosing f's, anastomotic f's, fibers 
extending from one muscle-bundle or nerve-trunk 
to another, arciform f's, arcuate f's, in the 
cerebrum, associating fibers that connect adjacent 
convolutions; in the cerebellum, similar fibers 
that connect one lamina with another, associa- 
tion f's, brain- and nerve-fibers that connect 
different areas of the cerebral cortex and then take 
part in the association of functions and acts, aug- 
mentor f's. Same as accelerating f's. axial f., 
the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber. Beale's f., 
a spiral nerve-fiber. Bergmann's f's, proc- 
esses which radiate from certain superficial glia- 
cells of the cerebellum and enter the pia. 
Bernheimer's f's, a tract of nerve-fibers of 
the brain running from the optic tract to Luys' 
body. Bogrow's f's, nerve-fibers of the 
cerebrum running from the optic tract to the 
thalamus. Biihlmann's f's, a set of pecu- 
liar lines in carious teeth caused by bacteria, 
bulbospiral f's, spiral muscular fibers forming a 
portion of the musculature of the auricles and ven- 
tricles of the heart. Burdach's f's, nerve-fibers 
connected with Burdach's nucleus, capsular f's, 
the nerve-fibers within the internal capsule of the 
brain, chromatic f., the long fiber of chromatin 
into which the nucleus is resolved during the early 
stages of karyokinesis and which afterward 
splits up into the chromosomes. cilio-equa- 
torial f's, those which pass from the summits 
of the ciliary processes to the equator of the 
lens, commissural f's, the nerve-fibers which 
FEVERET 
422 
pass between the cortex of opposite hemispheres 
of the brain, cone-f's, the fiber-like extensions of 
the visual cells on either side of their nuclei which 
connect the retinal cones with the outer molecular 
layers of the retina. Corti's f's, the rods of Corti. 
Darkschewitz's f's, nervous fibers of the cere- 
brum running from the optic tract to the habenular 
ganglion, decussating f's, those which cross 
in the center of the optic commissure, connecting 
the retina of each eye with the opposite cerebral 
hemisphere, dendritic f's, fibers which pass in 
a tree-like form from the cortex to the white sub- 
stance of Schwann, dentinal f's. Same as 
Tomes' f's. depressor f's, afferent nerve-fibers 
which, when stimulated, cause diminished tone of 
the vasoconstrictor center and, therefore, decreased 
arterial pressure. Edinger's f's, fibers in the 
cerebrum of amphibia, forming part of the visual 
paths, elastic f's, yellowish fibers of elastic 
quality traversing the intercellular substance of 
connective tissue, endogenous f's, nerve-fibers 
of the spinal cord which arise from cells outside 
the cord, exogenous f's, fibers of the spinal cord 
which arise from cells situated in the gray mat- 
ter of the cord, extraciliary f's. See fleece. 
geminal f's, the pair of fibers formed by division 
of the pyramidal fibers of the cord, one fiber of 
each pair continuing on the same side of the 
cord, and the other passing to the opposite side. 
Gerdy's f's, the fibers of the superficial ligament 
connecting the clefts of the palmar surfaces of 
the fingers. Goll's f's, fibers extending from 
Goll's nucleus to the vermis of the cerebellum. 
Gottstein's f's, the external hair-cells, and 
nerve-fibers associated with them, forming 
a part of the expansion of the auditory nerve 
in the cochlea. Gratiolet's radiating f's, 
fibers that radiate from the optic center in 
the occipital lobe to the external geniculatum 
and pulvinar. gray f's, non-medullated fibers; 
the fibers of Remak. hair-f., any one of the horny 
fibers, each containing relics of a nucleus, which 
make up the main substance of a hair. Henle's 
f's, the fibers of the fenestrated membrane which 
exists in certain arteries between the external and 
middle coats: a part are elastic, others nucleated. 
Herxheimer's f's, minute spiral fibers in the 
stratum mucosum of the skin, heterodesmotic 
f's, white fibers running between dissimilar gray 
structures of the nervous system, homodesmot- 
ic f's, white fibers joining similar gray structures 
of the central nervous system, intercolumnar 
f's, fibers joining the superior and inferior arms 
of the external abdominal ring, intercru- 
ral f's. Same as intercolumnar f's. inter- 
zonal f's, the delicate fibers of achromatin 
forming the central spindle during karyokinesis. 
intraciliary f's, a set of fibers passing from the 
anterior peduncles of the cerebellum to the denta- 
tum. lens-f's, long, flattish, hexagonal prisms 
extending to the lens of the eye. longitu- 
dinal f's, the external fibers in the optic tracts 
passing into the optic nerve of the same side, 
connecting each retina with the hemisphere of the 
same side, mantle f's, any one of the cyto- 
plastic filaments which assist in drawing the 
daughter chromosomes toward the poles of the 
central spindles, medullated f's, grayish-white 
nerve-fibers whose axis-cylinder is surrounded 
by a medulla (or white substance of Schwann). 
Meynert's f's, nerve-fibers conveying light sen- 
sations from the anterior corpora quadrigemina to 
the oculomotor nuclei, moss-f., a peculiar form 
of nerve-fiber, motor f., a fiber in a mixed nerve 
which transmits motor impulses only. Muller's 
f's, supporting fibers of the neuroglia in the retina, 
muscle-f., any one of the ultimate linear ele- 
ments of muscular tissue, myelinated f's, the 
medullated fibers. Nelaton's f's. Same as 
Nelaton's sphincter. See under sphincter, nerve- 
f., any fiber having the property of conducting 
molecular or invisible waves of stimulation, non- 
medullated f's, the gray nerve-fibers, odon- 
FIBER FIBRA 
423 
FIBRINOPLASTIN 
togenic f's, the fibers forming the layer of con- 
nective tissue of the matrix of a tooth surrounding 
the pulp, olivocerebellar f's, a collection of 
fibers running from the olive on one side to the 
cerebellum on the opposite side, orbiculo- 
anterocapsular f's, those chief fibers which 
have the most posterior and internal position, 
lying in close relation to the anterior boundary 
of the vitreous, orbiculociliary f's, those 
accessory fibers which pass from the orbicular 
zone to the ciliary processes, orbiculopostero- 
capsular f's, those zonular fibers which spring 
from the prolongation of the hyaloid membrane 
investing the ciliary ring, pectinate f's, fibers 
of muscle extending over the roof of the auricles 
of the heart from the taenia terminalis to the 
atrioventricular septum. Perlia's f's, nerve- 
fibers of optical function in the cerebrum run- 
ning to the medulla oblongata, pontine f's, 
the nerve-fibers of the pons varolii. postcom- 
missural f's, the fibers of the postcommissure 
lying just behind the peduncle of the epiphysis, 
precommissural f's, fibers of the precommissure 
in the lamina terminalis. pressor f's, afferent 
nerve-fibers which, when stimulated, cause excita- 
tion of the vasoconstrictor center and consequently 
a rise of arterial pressure. projection f's, a 
fiber-tract of the cerebral medulla passing from 
the peduncles to various parts of the brain. Prus- 
sak's f's, two short fibers from the end of the 
short process of the malleus to the notch of Rivinus. 
Purkinje's f's, beaded muscular fibers forming 
a network in the subendocardial tissue of the ven- 
tricles of the heart. They are thought to be con- 
cerned in the conduction of stimuli from the 
auricles to the ventricles. Reissner's f., a 
free fiber in the central canal of the spinal cord, 
f's of Remak, the non-medullated nerve-fibers 
found largely, but not exclusively, in the sym- 
pathetic nerves. Retzius' f's, the stiff fila- 
ments of Deiters' cells in the organ of Corti. 
Ritter's f., a fiber in the axis of a retinal rod: 
probably a nerve-fiber. Rolando's f's, the ex- 
ternal arcuate fibers of the medulla oblongata. 
Sappey's f's, smooth muscle-fibers in the check 
ligaments of the eye near their orbital attach- 
ments. scattered fillet f's, fibers lying in- 
ternal to the lemniscus of the brain. Sharpey's 
f's, fibers that join together the lamellae of bone (W. 
Sharpey, 1846). short association f's, fibers 
in the cerebrum connecting adjacent convolutions, 
sinospiral f's, spiral muscular fibers forming a 
portion of the musculature of the auricles and ven- 
tricles of the heart. Stilling's f's, association 
fibers of the cerebellum, sustentacular f's, 
the fibers which support the nervous structure 
of the retina. Tomes' f's, branching processes 
of the odontoblasts in the dentinal canals, tran- 
silient f's, nerve-fibers that pass from one convo- 
lution to another not next to it. varicose f's, 
certain medullated fibers which have no neurilem- 
ma: after death a fluid accumulates between the 
myelin and the axis-cylinder, giving them a vari- 
cose appearance, von Monakow's f's, nerve- 
fibers of the cerebrum running from the optic tract 
to the lenticular ganglion. Weissmann's f's, 
fibers within the muscle-spindle. Wernicke's 
f's. Same as Gratiolet's radiatingf's. zonular 
f's, fibers of the zonula zinnii, grouped as ac- 
cessory and chief fibers, zonular f's, chief, a 
group including the orbiculocapsular and ciliocap- 
sular fibers. 
fibra (fi'brah) pl. fi'brce. Latin for fiber, f. arcua'- 
tae exter'nae [B N A], external arcuate fibers, f. 
arcua'tae inter'nse [B N A], internal arcuate 
fibers, f. cerebello-oliva'res [B N A], olivo- 
cerebellar fibers, f. circulates [B N A], Muller's 
muscle, f. intercrura'les [BNA], intercolum- 
nar fibers, f. meridiona'les [B N A], Briicke's 
muscle, f. zonula'res [B N A], zonular fibers. 
fibralbumin (fi-bral-bu'min). Globulin. 
fibre (fi'ber). See fiber. 
fibremia (fi-bre'me-ah) [L. fi'bra fiber + Gr. atua. 
blood]. The presence of fibrin in the blood. 
fibril, fibrilla (fi'bril, fi-bril'ah) [L. fibril'la}. A 
minute fiber or filament, collagen f's, delicate 
fibrils of collagen in connective tissue, usually 
cemented together in wavy bundles. Cf. fibroblast. 
Dirck's f's, fibrils of elastic tissue binding together 
the layers of elastic fibers of the tunica media of an 
artery. Ebner's f's, thread-like fibrils in the 
dentin and in the cementum of a tooth, fibroglia 
f's. See fibroglia. muscular f., one of the 
muscle-cells which make up a muscular fiber, 
nerve-f., an axis-cylinder, side f. of Golgi, a 
delicate twig given oft at right angles from a 
neuraxon near its junction with the ganglion-cell. 
fibrillar, fibrillary (fi-bril'ar, fib'ril-a-re). Per- 
taining to a fibril or to fibrils. 
fibrillation (fib-ril-a'shun). i. The quality of 
being fibrillar. 2. Muscular tremor. 3. A condi- 
tion of muscular action, especially of the heart 
muscle, in which the individual fibers take up their 
own independent action, producing an incoordinate 
or vermicular contraction. As a result the heart- 
beats and pulse-beats become extremely irregular 
both as to time and to force. This fibrillation is dis- 
tinguished as auricular {atrial) or ventricular, ac- 
cording as the muscle of the auricle or of the ven- 
tricle is affected. 
fibriloceptor (fi-bril'o-sep-tor). Any one of the 
specific receptors at the terminals of the neurofi- 
brils of the peripheral sensory neuron which receive 
the stimuli. 
fibrin (fi'brin). A whitish protein from the blood 
and the serous fluids of the body. It is seen in 
elastic fibrillar masses; insoluble in water, but 
soluble in dilute acids and alkalis. It is formed 
from fibrinogen by the action of a ferment in the 
blood, canalized f., a peculiar hyaline sub- 
stance traversed by numerous channels occur- 
ring in the region of the chorion frondosum in the 
fetus, f. factors, fibrinogen and paraglobulin, 
gluten-f., a form of fibrin from the seeds of 
various plants. Henle's f., fibrin formed by 
precipitating semen with water, myosin f., an 
insoluble variety of myosin, vegetable f. Same 
as gluten-f. 
fibrination (fi-brin-a'shun). The acquisition of an 
abnormally large amount of fibrin. 
fibrinemia (fi-brin-e'me-ah). Same as fibremia. 
fibrin-ferment (fi"brin-fer'ment). See under fer- 
ment. 
fibrin-globulin (fi"brin-glob'u-lin). Same as fi- 
brino globulin. 
fibrinocellular (fi"brinJo-sel'u-lar). Made up of 
fibrin and cells. 
fibrinogen (fi-brin'o-jen) [fibrin + Gr. yevvav to 
produce]. A globulin of the blood from which 
the fibrin is mainly derived (Hammarsten, 1875). 
The nucleoproteins are all sometimes classed to- 
gether as fibrinogens. 
fibrinogenic, fibrinogenous (fi"brin-o-jen'ik, fi- 
brin-oj'en-us). Giving origin to fibrin. 
fibrinoglobulin (fi"brin-o-glob'u-lin). A globu- 
lin entering into the composition of fibrinogen. 
fibrinoid (fi'brin-oid) [fibrin + Gr. ethos form]. 
The substance formed in the process of caseation 
of tissues: so called because it resembles canalized 
fibrin. 
fibrinolysin (fi-brin-ol'is-in). A substance formed 
in the blood which dissolves the clot by disintegrat- 
ing the fibrin. 
fibrinolysis (fi-brin-ol'is-is) [fibrin + Gr. Xvois 
solution]. The splitting up of fibrin by enzyme 
action. 
fibrinolytic (fi"brin-o-lit'ik). Splitting up fibrin. 
fibrinoplastic (fi"brin-o-plas'tik). Of the nature 
of paraglobulin. 
fibrinoplastin (fi"brin-o-plas'tin). Same as para- 
globulin. Schmidt's f., serum-globulin. FIBRINOPURULENT 
424 
FIBROMUSCULAR 
fibrinopurulent (fi"brin-o-pu'ru-lent). Made up 
of fibrin containing pus. 
fibrinoscopy (fi-brin-os'ko-pe) [L. fi'bra fiber 4- 
Gr. UKoireiv to view]. Same as inoscopy. 
fibrinose (fi'brin-os). An albumose derived from 
fibrin. 
fibrinosis (fi-brin-o'sis). A condition character- 
ized by excess of fibrin in the blood. 
fibrinous (fi'brin-us). Pertaining to or of the na- 
ture of fibrin. 
fibrinuria (fi-brin-u're-ah). The discharge of fibrin 
in the urine. 
fibro-adenia (fi"bro-ad-e'ne-ah) [L. fi'bra fiber + 
Gr. abijv gland]. Fibroid degeneration of gland 
tissue. 
fibro-adenoma (fi"bro-ad-en-o'mah). Adenoma 
containing fibrous tissue. 
fibro-adipose (fi-bro-ad'ip-os). Both fibrous and 
fatty. 
flbro-angioma (fi"bro-an-je-o'mah). An angioma 
containing much fibrous tissue. 
fibro-areolar (fi"bro-ar-e'o-lar) [L. fi'bra fiber + 
are'ola}. Both fibrous and areolar. 
fibroblast (fi'bro-blast) [fiber + Gr. 0Xa<rrbs germ]. 
A connective-tissue cell; a flat elongated cell with 
cytoplasmic processes at each end, having a flat, 
oval, vesicular nucleus. Fibroblasts produce regu- 
larly two kinds of fibers-fibroglia and collagen 
fibrils-and sometimes elastic fibers. The fibroglia 
run along the surface of the cytoplasm of the fibro- 
blast; the collagen fibrils lie between the fibroblasts 
and are smaller and more delicate in structure than 
the fibroglia fibrils. Elastic fibrils form an inter- 
lacing network. Fibroblasts form the fibrous 
tissues in the body, tendons, aponeuroses, support- 
ing and binding tissues of all sorts. 
fibroblastic (fi-bro-blas'tik). Pertaining to fibro- 
blasts; fibroplastic. 
fibroblastoma (fi"bro-blas-to'mah). A tumor aris- 
ing from the ordinary connective-tissue cell or 
fibroblast. It includes fibroma and fibrosarcoma. 
fibrobronchitis (fi"bro-brong-ki'tis). Plastic 
bronchitis. 
fibrocarcinoma (fi"bro-kar-sin-o'mah). Carci- 
noma containing fibrous tissue. 
fibrocartilage (fi-bro-kar'til-ej) [L. fi'bra fiber + 
carlila'go cartilage]. Any tough and elastic car- 
tilage of which the matrix contains a consider- 
able amount of white fibrous tissue, basal f., 
basilar f., the cartilage which fills the foramen 
lacerum of the skull, circumferential f., any 
fibrocartilage forming a rim about a joint cavity, 
connecting f., any disk of fibrocartilage which 
attaches opposing bones to each other by syn- 
chondrosis. elastic f., fibro-elasticcartilage. in- 
terarticular f., any movable plate of fibrocar- 
tilage lying between opposed joint surfaces. The 
principal of these are the acromioclavicular, inter- 
coccygeal, intervertebral, pubic, radio-ulnar, sa- 
crococcygeal, and sternoclavicular. interver- 
tebral f., an intervertebral disk. See under disk. 
semilunar f's, two crescentic lamella: (external 
and internal) which deepen the surface of the head 
of the tibia for its articulation with the femur, 
spongy f. Same as connecting f. stratiform 
f., such as lines the bony grooves in which certain 
tendons are placed, white f., a mixture of white 
fibrous and cartilaginous tissues. 
fibrocartilaginous (fi"bro-kar-til-aj'in-us). Per- 
taining to or composed of fibrocartilage. 
fibrocaseose (fi-bro-ka'se-os). Both fibrous and 
caseous. 
fibrocellular (fi-bro-sel'u-lar). Partly fibrous and 
partly cellular. 
flbrochondritis (fi"bro-kon-dri'tis) [L. fi'bra fiber 
+ chondritis]. Inflammation of a fibrocartilage. 
fibrochondroma (fi"bro-kon-dro'mah). A mixed 
fibroma and chondroma. 
fibrocyst (fi'bro-sist) [L. fi'bra fiber + Gr. kvotls 
cyst], A fibroma that has suffered cystic degen- 
eration. 
fibrocystic (fi-bro-sis'tik). Partly fibrous and 
partly cystic. 
flbrocystoma (fi"bro-sis-to'mah). Fibroma 
blended with cystoma; a tumor containing fibro- 
matous and cystomatous elements. 
fibrocyte (fi'bro-sit) [L. fi'bra fiber + Gr. kvtos 
cell]. A cell of fibrous tissue. 
fibro-elastic (fi"bro-e-las'tik). Composed of fibrous 
and elastic tissue. 
fibro-enchondroma (fi"bro-en-kon-dro'mah). En- 
chondroma containing fibrous elements. 
flbrofatty (fi-bro-fat'e). Both fibrous and fatty. 
fibrofibrous (fi-bro-fi'brus). Joining or connecting 
fibers. 
flbrogen (fi'bro-jen). See fibrinogen. 
fibroglia (fi-brog'le-ah) [L. fi'bra fiber + Gr. yXfa 
glue]. A fibrillar substance produced by con- 
nective-tissue cells (fibroblasts) which bear the 
same relation to connective-tissue cells that neu- 
roglia bears to neuroglia cells. Sts. fibroblast. 
fibroglioma (fi"bro-gli-o'mah). Fibroma blended 
with glioma. 
fibrohemorrhagic (fi"bro-hem-o-raj'ik). Attended 
with hemorrhage and fibrin formation. 
fibroid (fi'broid) [L. fi'bra fiber + Gr. etbos form], 
i. Resembling a fibroma or a fibrous structure. 
2. A fibroma. Paget's recurrent f., spindle- 
shaped sarcoma of the subcutaneous tissue. 
fibroidectomy (fi-broi-dek'to-me) [fibroid + Gr. 
kKTOfjfi excision]. Excision of a uterine fibroid. 
fibroin (fi-bro'in). A white albuminoid, Ct5H23N3- 
O6, from spiders' webs and the cocoons of insects. 
fibrolipoma (fi"bro-li-po'mah) [L. fi'bra fiber 4- 
Gr. Xtiros fat + -up.a tumor]. A fibrous tumor that 
is in part fatty. 
fibrolipomatous (fi"bro-lip-o'mat-us). Pertaining 
to fibrolipoma. 
fibrolysin (fi-brol'is-in). A soluble* combination 
of thiosinamin and sodium salicylate. It is in- 
jected for the purpose of breaking up fibrous 
tissue. 
fibroma (fi-bro'mah) [L. fi'bra fiber]. A tumor 
composed mainly of fibrous or fully developed 
connective tissue, f. caverno'sum, a fibroma 
containing greatly dilated blood-vessels, con- 
centric f., a uterine fibroma surrounding the 
uterine cavity, f. cu'tis, fibroma of the skin. cys- 
tic f., a fibroma which has undergone cystic de- 
generation. f. du'rum. See hard f. f. fungoi'- 
des, mycosis fungoides. hard f., one composed 
of fibrous tissue with few cells, intracanalicular 
f. Same as adenocele. f. lipomato'des. Same 
as xanthoma, f. mol'le, soft fibroma, f. mol- 
lus'cum. Same as molluscum fibrosum. f. 
mucino'sum, a fibroma affected with mucoid 
degeneration, multiple f., a condition marked 
by numerous fibrous tumors of the skin. See mol- 
luscum fibrosum. f. myxomato'des, a myxo- 
fibroma. f. pen'dulum, a pendulous fibroma of 
the skin. f. sarcomato'sum, fibrosarcoma, 
soft f., one containing copious cells, telangi- 
ectatic f., angiofibroma. 
fibromatoid (fi-bro'mat-oid) [fibroma 4- Gr. elbos 
form]. Resembling fibroma; fibroma-like. 
fibromatosis (fi"bro-ma-to'sis). A tendency to 
the development of fibromata. 
fibromatous (fi-bro'mat-us). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of fibroma. 
fibromectomy (fi-bro-mek'to-me) [fibroma + Gr. 
eKTOijfi excision]. Excision of a fibroma. 
fibromembranous (fi-bro-mem'bra-nus). Com- 
posed of membrane containing much fibrous tissue. 
fibromuscular (fi-bro-mus'ku-lar). Composed of 
fibrous and muscular tissue. fibromyectomy ('fi-bro-mi-ek'to-me) [fibromyoma + 
Gr. euro^ excision]. Excision of a fibromyoma. 
fibromyitis (fi"bro-mi-i'tis) [L. fi'bra fiber + Gr. 
/Zus muscle j-ins inflammation]. Inflammation 
and fibrous degeneration of a muscle. 
fibromyoma (fi"bro-mi-o'mah). Fibroma blended 
with myoma; a tumor containing fibrous and 
muscular tissue. 
fibromyositis (fi"bro-mi-o-si'tis) [L. fi'bra fiber 4- 
Gr. /ms muscle + -ms inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of fibromuscular tissue, nodular f., a dis- 
ease marked by inflammation and the formation 
of nodules in the muscles. 
fibromyotomy (fi"bro-mi-ot'o-me) [fibromyoma 4- 
Gr. tout) cut]. Excision of a fibromyoma. 
fibromyxoma (fi"bro-miks-o'mah). Fibroma 
blended with myxoma. 
fibromyxosarcoma (fi"bro-miks-o-sar-ko/mah). A 
sarcoma containing fibrous and myxoid tissue. 
fibroneuroma (fi"bro-nu-ro'mah). A fibroma 
blended with neuroma; a tumor composed of 
fibrous tissue and nerve-fibers. 
fibronuclear (fi-bro-nu'kle-ar). Made up of nu- 
cleated fibers. 
fibro-osteoma (fi"bro-os-te-o'mah). Osteofibroma, 
fibropapilloma (fi"bro-pap-il-o'mah). A papil- 
loma containing much fibrous tissue. 
fibropericarditis (fi"bro-per-e-kar-di'tis). Fibrin- 
ous pericarditis. 
fibroplastic (fi-bro-plas'tik) [L. fi'bra fiber + Gr. 
irXa-aaecv to form]. Giving origin to fibrous tissue. 
fibroplastin (fi-bro-plas'tin). Same as paraglobulin. 
fibroplate (fi'bro-plat). An interarticular fibro- 
cartilage. 
fibropolypus (fi-bro-pol'ip-us). A fibroid polypus. 
fibropsammoma (fi"bro-sam-o'mah). A tumor 
containing fibromatous and psammomatous ele- 
ments. 
fibropurulent (fi-bro-pu'ru-lent). Composed of 
pus containing flakes of fibrin. 
fibroreticulate (fi"bro-re-tik'u-lat). Composed of 
a network of fibers. 
fibrosarcoma (fi"bro-sar-ko'mah). A fibroma 
blended with sarcoma; a tumor composed of 
fibrous and sarcomatous elements, f. mucocel- 
lula're carcinomato'des. Krukenberg's tu- 
mor. See under tumor. 
fibrose (fi'bros). To form fibrous tissue. 
fibroserous (fi-bro-se'rus). Composed of fibrous 
elements, but having a serous surface: said of 
certain membranes. 
fibrosis (fi-bro'sis). The formation of fibrous 
tissue; fibroid degeneration, arteriocapillary 
f., the narrowing or closure of minute arteries 
and capillaries by inflammatory internal fibrosis, 
neoplastic f. Same as proliferative f. post- 
fibrinous f., fibrosis which replaces fibrin, pro- 
liferative f., fibrosis which continues to grow 
after the irritant starting it has ceased to act. 
replacement f., the development of fibroustis- 
sue to replace atrophied tissue, f. u'teri, diffuse 
fibroid changes in the uterus producing enlarge- 
ment of the organ. 
fibrositis (fi-bro-si'tis) [fibrous tissue + -itis]. In- 
flammatory hyperplasia of the white fibrous tissue 
of the body, as seen in chronic rheumatism. 
fibrotic (fi-brot'ik). Pertaining to fibrosis. 
fibrotuberculosis (fi"bro-tu-ber-ku-lo'sis). Fi- 
broid phthisis. 
fibrous (fi'brus). Composed of or containing 
fibers. 
fibula (fib'u-lah) [L. " buckle "]. The outer and 
smaller of the two bones of the leg. 
fibular (fib'u-lar). Pertaining to the fibula. 
fibulocalcaneal (fib"u-lo-kal-ka'ne-al). Pertain- 
ing to the fibula and calcaneum. 
FIBROMYECTOMY 
425 
flci (fi'si) [L. "figs"]. Grease in horses. 
Fick's bacillus (fiks) [Rudolph Armin Fick, Ger- 
man physician, born 1866]. See bacillus of Fick. 
Picker's diagnosticum (fik'erz) [Philip Martin 
Ficker, German bacteriologist, born 1868]. See 
diagnosticum. 
ficosis (fi-ko'sis). See sycosis. 
Ficus (fi'kus) [L. " fig "]. The genus of trees to 
which the fig belongs. The fig; the fruit or 
fleshy receptacle of F. ca'rica, the fig-tree: laxa- 
tive, digestant, and nutritive. 3. An old name 
for a hemorrhoidal tumor. 
fiducinales (fid-u-sin-a'lez). The lumbricales mus- 
cles of the fingers. 
Fiedler's disease (fed'lerz) [Carl Ludwig Alfred 
Fiedler, German physician, born 1835]. Acute 
infectious jaundice. 
field (feld). An area or open space, absolute f., 
that area of the cerebral cortex injury of which 
always causes paralysis or spasm, auditory 
f., the space within which sounds are audible. 
Cohnheim's f's, small polygonal areas seen on 
sections of a prism of the sarcous element, dark 
f. See ultramicroscope, f. of fixation, the 
region bounded by the utmost limits of central 
or clear vision, the eye being allowed to move, 
but the head being fixed. Flechsig's f., the 
myelinogenetic field. Forel's f., the most 
dorsal of the strata of the subthalamus, which 
is in direct relation with the thalamus and con- 
sists of fine longitudinal fibers. Krbnig's f., the 
area of resonance on the chest due to the apices of 
the lungs, magnetic f., that portion of space 
about a magnet in which its action is perceptible, 
f. of a microscope, the area that can be seen 
through a microscope at one time, myelino- 
genetic f., a collection of fibers in the neuraxis 
which at a definite stage of development receive 
myelin sheaths; called also field of Flechsig. rela- 
tive f., an area of the cerebral cortex in which a 
lesion may or may not cause paralysis, surplus 
f., the portion of the field of vision in partial he- 
mianopia which passes beyond the point of fixa- 
tion. f. of vision, that portion of space which the 
fixed eye can see. f. of vision, cribriform, a 
field of vision over which a number of isolated 
scotomata lie dispersed, f. of vision, overshot, 
a condition in which the line of separation between 
the halves of the field of vision does not pass 
through the point of fixation. Wernicke's f., 
Wernicke's area. See area. 
Fielding's membrane (fel'dingz) [George Huns- 
ley Fielding, English anatomist, 1801-1871]. The 
tapetum. 
fifth disease. See erythema infectiosum. f. nerve, 
f. ventricle, etc. See nerve, ventricle, etc. 
fig (fig). See Ficus, f.-wart. See verruca acu- 
minata. 
Figueira's syndrome (fe-ga-e'rahz) [Fernandes 
Figueira, contemporary pediatrist in Rio de 
Janeiro]. See under syndrome. 
figuratus (fig-u-ra'tus) [L.]. Figured. 
figure, Minkowski's. A figure representing the 
relation between dextrose and nitrogen in the 
urine on a pure meat diet, and when fasting. It is 
2.8 : 1. Stifel's f., a black disk having a white 
spot in the center, used for locating and measuring 
the blind spot in the eye. 
figwort (fig'wurt). Any scrophulariaceous plant, 
especially the herb, Scrophula'ria nodo'sa: diu- 
retic, alterative, and sedative. Dose of fluidex- 
tract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
fila (fi'lah). Plural of filum. f. olfacto'ria, the 
afferent filaments composing the olfactory nerve 
which run from the nasal mucous membrane 
through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb, 
f. radicula'ria, the nerve filaments forming the 
roots of the spinal and cranial nerves. 
filaceous (fi-la'shus). Made up of filaments. 
FILACEOUS filament (fil'am-ent) [L. filamen'tum]. A delicate 
fiber or thread, f's of Ammon, fine hairs, or 
cilia, on the inner surface of the ciliary body of 
the eye. axial f., the central, thread of the 
flagellum of a spermatozoon, linin f., a network 
of linin spread throughout the cell-nucleus, sper- 
matic f., the caudal filament of a spermatozoon, 
terminal f. Same as jilum terminate. 
filamentous (fil-am-en'tus). Composed of long, 
thread-like structures: said of bacterial colonies. 
filar (fi'lar) [L. fi'lum thread]. Thread-like; fila- 
mentous. 
Filaria (fi-la're-ah). A genus of nematode or thread- 
worms; endoparasitic. F. bancrof'ti, the species 
which causes elephantiasis. The adult forms are 
found in the lymphatic glands of the pelvis and 
abdomen and also in the cystic dilatations of the 
subcutaneous tissue, scrotum, etc. The micro- 
filariae (larvae) are found in the circulating blood, 
especially at night, and are probably carried by 
Culex fatigans and other species of mosquitos. F. 
conjuncti'vse, a species found in the eye of 
horses and asses, and sometimes in man. F. 
demarqua'ii. SeeF. juncea. F. diur'na, the 
larval form of F. loa. F. equi'na, a common 
parasite of the abdominal cavity of horses and 
asses; sometimes found in man. F. hominis o'ris, 
a species found in the mouth. F. immi'tis, a 
species found in the blood-vessels and heart of 
dogs and sheep, being transmitted by the bite of 
the mosquito. F. jun'cea, a very small species 
found in the West Indies. F. labia'lis, a species' 
found in the lip. F. len'tis, a species found in 
the lens of the eye. F. lo'a, an African species 
inhabiting the connective tissue of the body, 
which it traverses freely. It is seen especially 
around the eye. It causes itching and occa- 
sionally edematous swellings (Calabar swellings). 
F. lymphat'ica, a species found in the bronchial 
lymph-glands. F. magalhse'si, a species found 
in a child in Rio de Janiero. F. medinen'sis, 
the guinea-worm. A nematode parasite found in 
the subcutaneous tissues of man and several do- 
mestic animals. The larvae are discharged through 
an opening in the skin and utilize Cyclops coronatus 
as an intermediate host. F. noctur'na. See 
JF. bancrof'ti. F. oc'uli. Same as F. loa. F. 
ozzar'di, a species found only once in man. F. 
palpebra'lis, a species found in the upper eyelid. 
F. per'stans, a species found in Africa. In some 
parts 90 per cent, of the people are infected. The 
adult forms live mostly in the connective tissue of 
the mesentery and behind the peritoneum. It is 
not known to cause any symptoms. F. philip- 
pinen'sis, a species of filaria found in the 
blood of patients in Manila. F. san"guinis- 
hom'inis, the larva of the worm, F. bancrof'ti, 
is found in the blood during the night in chyluria, 
and in the lymph-vessels of the lower limbs and 
scrotum. • They cause dilatation of the lymph- 
atics, hematuria, chyluria, abscesses, lymph- 
scrotum, and elephantiasis. The filaria is con- 
veyed to man through the bite of mosquitos. F. 
tanigusch'ii, a species found in Japan. F. 
vol'vulus, a species found in Africa. 
filarial (fil-a're-al). Pertaining to or caused by 
filariae. 
filariasis, filariosis (fil-ar-i'as-is, fil"ar-e-o'sis). 
A diseased state due to the presence of Fila'rice 
san"guinis-hom'inis within the organism. 
Filaridae (fil-a'rid-e). A family of nematodes which 
contains only one genus, Filaria. 
filariform (fi-lar'if-orm). Resembling filaria. 
Filatov's or Filatow's disease (fil-at'ofs) [Nil 
Feodorowich Filatov, pediatrist in Moscow, 1847- 
1902]. See under disease. 
file, dental (fil). A file of various forms used in 
operative and mechanical dentistry. 
filicin (fil'is-in). A preparation of filix mas. Dose, 
2 gr. (0.1 gm.). 
FILAMENT 
426 
filicon (fil'ik-on). A derivative from Dryop'teris 
spinulo'sa, said to possess anthelmintic properties. 
filiform (fil'if-orm) [L. fi'lum thread + for'ma 
form], i. Thread-shaped. 2. An extremely slender 
bougie. 
Filipovitch's or Filipowicz's sign (fe-le'po- 
vitshez) [Casimir Filipovitch, contemporary Polish 
physician]. See under sign. 
filipuncture (fil'e-punkt-yur) [L. fi'lum thread + 
punctu'ra puncture]. The insertion of a wire or 
thread into an aneurysm. 
filix (fi'liks), pl. fili'ces [LJ. A fern. F. fem'ina, 
the female fern. F. mas, the male fern. See 
fern. 
fillet (fil'et). 1. A loop-shaped structure. 2. A 
loop, as of cord or tape, for making traction. 3. 
The white band on the outer side of the superior 
cerebellar peduncles, beginning between the two 
olivary bodies and extending through the teg- 
mentum of the crus and the middle of the pons; 
the lemniscus, bulbar f., mesal fillet, lateral 
f., a portion of the lemniscus or fillet that enters 
the posterior corpora quadrigemina. mesal f., a 
portion of the lemniscus that passes to the ante- 
rior corpora quadrigemina and thalamus opticus, 
olivary f., the nerve fasciculus surrounding the 
olivary nucleus, pontile f., lateral fillet, spi- 
nal f., the spinothalamic tract. 
filling (fil'ing). 1. The material for insertion in a 
prepared cavity in a tooth. It is usually gold, 
amalgam, cement, gutta-percha, or tin. 2. The 
operation of stopping cavities in the crown of a 
tooth, combination f., a filling made up of 
two or more materials, usually one on top of 
the other, composite f. Same as combination f. 
compound f., a filling for a compound cavity, or 
a cavity that involves more than one surface of a 
tooth, contour f., a filling which restores the 
original shape (of a tooth crown. Mosetig- 
Moorhof f. See Mosetig-Moorhof bone-wax, 
under wax. non-leaking f., a filling so well 
fitted to the cavity as to prevent the penetration of 
moisture between the filling and the tooth, per- 
manent f., a filling intended to be left in place 
permanently, provisional f. Same as tempo- 
rary f. submarine f., a filling inserted while the 
tooth or the cavity is covered with the fluids of the 
mouth, temporary f., a filling which is designed 
to be removed after a short period of insertion. 
filmaron (fil-marion). An amorphous powder, 
C47H54O18, obtained from the extract of male fern: 
used as an anthelmintic to expel intestinal parasites 
in a 10 per cent, solution in castor oil. Dose, 
2j fl.dr. (10 c.c.). 
filmogen (fil'mo-jen). A solution of nitrated cellu- 
lose in acetone and castor oil: used in applying 
medicines to the skin. 
filopodium (fi-lo-po'de-um), pl. filopo'dia [L. fi'- 
lum thread + Gr. irons foot]. A slender, filament- 
ous pseudopodium. Cf. lobopodium. 
filopressure (fi'lo-presh-ur) [L. fi'lum thread + 
pressu'ra pressure]. The compression of a blood- 
vessel by a thread. 
filovaricosis (fi"lo-var-ik-o'sis). The development 
of varicosities on the axis-cylinder of a nerve- 
fiber. 
filter (fil'ter) [L. fil'trum]. A device for the strain- 
ing of water or other liquid. Berkefeld f., 
a filter in which the liquid is passed through a 
filter made of diatomaceous earth. Darnall f., 
the filter used in the United States Army. The 
water is mechanically filtered through Canton 
flannel after being treated with a precipitant. 
Gooch f., a platinum or porcelain crucible the 
bottom of which is perforated with holes and 
covered with a layer of asbestos fibers, inter- 
mittent sand f., a sand filter to which sewage 
is applied for only a short time and then is allowed 
to drain away so that aeration and oxidation may 
take place. Kitasato's f., a bacteriologic filter 
FILTER in which the liquids are drawn by suction through 
an unglazed porcelain bougie. Mandler f., a 
filter for household and for laboratory use which is 
made from diatomaceous earth, mechanical f., 
a filter of sand or other porous material through 
which water is forced rapidly to remove gross 
particles. These particles may be the precipitate 
caused by the addition to the water of some 
coagulant. Pasteur-Chamberland f., a hol- 
low column of unglazed porcelain through which 
liquids are forced by pressure or by vacuum ex- 
haustion. percolating f. See trickling f. 
Reichel's f., a bacteriologic filter in which the 
liquid is placed in a receiver of unglazed porcelain 
and drawn through the walls of the receiver by 
suction, roughing f. See scrubbing f. scrub- 
bing f., a coarse-grained filter through which 
turbid water is passed to remove the larger par- 
ticles and thus protect the sand filter from clogging, 
slow sand f., a filter made of sand and gravel 
through which water passes slowly and is purified 
largely by the action of the microorganisms grow- 
ing on the surface of the grains of sand near the 
top of the filter, sprinkling f. See trickling J. 
trickling f., beds of porous material on which 
sewage is allowed to percolate through to drains 
laid on a tight floor. The purpose is to so oxidize 
the organic material as to make it non-putrescible. 
filter-passers (fil'ter-pas'erz). See filtrable. 
filtrable (fil'trab-el). Capable of passing through 
the pores of a filter. The term is applied to micro- 
organism or virus that can pass through earthen- 
ware filters; they are also called filter-passers. 
filtrate (fil'trat). A liquid which has passed 
through a filter. 
filtration (fil-tra'shun). 1. The passage of a liquid 
through a filter. 2. In radiotherapy, the passing of 
the x-ray through a sheet of aluminum by which the 
non-penetrating or soft rays are removed, only the 
penetrating or hard rays passing through. 
filtratometer (fil-tra-tom'et-er). An instrument 
for measuring gastric filtrates. 
fil'trum ventric'uli. A depression between the 
two projections formed in the lateral wall of the 
vestibule of the larynx, by the arytenoid and cunei- 
form cartilages. Called also Merkel's filtrum. 
filum (fi'lum) [L.], pl. fi'la. A thread-like structure 
or part. f. corona'rium, a cord-shaped ridge 
near the auricular orifice of the heart, f. du Tae 
ma'tris spina'lis [B N A], the caudal end of the 
spinal dura mater, f. radicula're [B N A], one 
of the filaments which issue from the dorsolateral 
fissure of the spinal cord to form the dorsal root of 
a spinal nerve, f. termina'le [B N A] [L. "end- 
thread"], the slender distal end of the spinal 
cord. 
fimbria . (fim'bre-ah) [L.]. A fringe; especially 
the fringe-like end of the oviduct, f. hippocam'- 
pi, the band of white matter along the median edge 
of the hippocampus, f. ova'rica, the longest of 
the fimbriae of the oviduct, f. tu'bse, the fringe- 
like end of the oviduct. 
fimbriate, fimbriated (fim'bre-at, fim'bre-a-ted) 
[L. fimbria'tus\. Fringed. 
fimbriatum (fim-bre-a'tum) [L. " fringed "]. The 
corpus fimbriatum. 
fimbriocele (fim'bre-o-sel) [fimbria 4- Gr. KqXq 
hernia]. Hernia containing the fimbriae of the 
oviduct. 
Finckh test (fink) [Johann Finckh, German psych- 
iatrist, born 1873]. See under tests. 
finder (fin'der). A device on a microscope to facili- 
tate the finding of some object in the field. 
finger (fing'er). Any one of the five digits of 
the hand, clubbed f., a finger the terminal 
phalanx of which is short and broad with an 
overhanging nail: seen in various cases of chronic 
disease of the thoracic organs, dead f. See 
digitus mortuus. drop-f., hammer-f. Same as 
mallet-f. drumstick f. Same as clubbed f. 
FILTER-PASSERS 
427 
hippocratic f., a condition in which the nails 
curve over the ends of the fingers: seen in dis- 
eases of the lungs and heart, insane f., chronic 
whitlow in certain cases of confirmed insanity, 
lock-f., a peculiar affection of the fingers in which 
they are liable to become fixed in a flexed position, 
owing to the presence of a small fibrous growth in 
the sheath of the tendon of the extensor, mallet- 
f., permanent flexion of the distal phalanx. Morse 
f., a deformity of the finger due to constant use 
of the Morse telegraph-key. snap-f. Same as 
spring-f. spiderf. See arachnodactylia. spring- 
f., a condition in which flexion and extension of 
the finger beyond certain points are difficult, 
f.-Stall, a cap or cot for a sore or injured finger, 
stuck-f. Same as trigger-f. trigger-f., a 
finger liable to be affected with a momentary spas- 
modic arrest of flexion or extension, followed by a 
snapping into place, waxy f. Same as digitus 
mortuus. webbed f's, fingers united to a greater 
or less extent by a fold of skin. 
finger-print (fing'er-print). An imprint of the 
cutaneous ridges of the distal phalanx of a finger: 
used as a means of identification. 
Finkler-Prior spirillum (fink"ler-pri'or) [Ditt- 
mar Finkler, German bacteriologist, 1852-1912]. 
The Vibrio proteus. 
Finney's operation (fin'ez) [John M. T. Finney, 
Baltimore surgeon]. See under operation. 
Finsen lig'ht (fin'sen) [Niels Ryberg Finsen, Dan- 
ish physician, 1860-1904]. See under light. 
fir (fur). See Abies, balsam-f. See Abies bal- 
samea. 
firolyptol (fir-o-lip'tol). A proprietary preparation 
containing cotton-seed oil, eucalyptol, creosote, 
and firwein: used in tuberculosis. 
first intention. See healing. 
firwein (fir'win). A respiratory tonic made from 
the bark of the fir tree, with phosphorus, bromin, 
and iodin. 
Fischer's murmur, sign (fish'erz) [LouisFischer, 
physician in New York, born 1864]. See murmur 
and sign. 
Fischer's solution, treatment (fish'erz) [Martin 
Henry Fischer, American physician, born 1879]. 
See solution and treatment. 
Fischer's test (fish'erz) [Emil Fischer, German 
chemist, 1852-1920]. See under tests. 
fish-skin disease. See disease. 
fission (fish'un) [L. fis'sio]. A form of asexual re- 
production in which the cell simply divides into 
two approximately equal parts. It is seen in bac- 
teria especially, bud-f., reproduction by the 
protrusion of a portion of the protoplasm; seen in 
some rhizopods. 
flssiparous (fis-ip'ar-us) [L. fis'sus cleft -f- par1 ere 
to produce]. Propagated by fission. 
fissura (fis-su'rah). Latin tor fissure. f. cer'ebri 
latera'lis [B N A], fissure of Sylvius, f. hippo- 
cam'pi [BN A], hippocampal fissure. 
fissural (fish'u-ral). Pertaining to a fissure. 
fissure (fish'ur) [L. fissu'ra]. _ Any cleft or groove, 
normal or other, abdominal f., a congenital 
slit in the abdominal wall, adoccipital f., a 
fissure which sometimes crosses the caudal part 
of the precuneus and joins the occipital fissure. 
Called also entolambdoid f. Ammon's f., a pear- 
shaped aperture in the sclera at an early fetal 
period, amygdaline f., a cerebral fissure near 
the extremity of the temporal lobe, anal f., a 
painful linear ulcer at the margin of the anus, 
ansate f., one of the small fissures on the superior 
aspect of the anterior part of the brain, anterior 
median f., the fissure in the middle line of the 
anterior surface of the spinal cord, antitrago- 
helicine f., a fissure in the auricular cartilage be- 
tween the cauda helicis and the antitragus, ape- 
f's, those fissures in the human brain which are 
FISSURE found also in apes, auricular f., a fissure be- 
tween the tympanic portion and the mastoid and 
squamous portions of the temporal bone, giving 
passage to the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, 
basisylvian f., the part of the fissure of Sylvius 
between the temporal lobe and the orbital surface 
of the frontal bone. f. of Bichat, a transverse 
fissure between the fornix and the upper surface of 
the cerebellum, branchial f. See branchial cleft, 
under cleft. Broca's f., the fissure that sur- 
rounds the third left frontal convolution. Bur- 
dach's f., a fissure between the lateral surface of 
the insula and the inner surface of the operculum, 
calcarine f., the fissure on the mesial surface of 
the occipital lobe which separates the cuneus from 
the lingual lobule, callosal f., the space be- 
tween the dorsum of the callosum and the cortex 
overhanging it. callosomarginal f., a fissure 
on the mesial surface of the frontal and parietal 
lobes, parallel to the callosum and (anteriorly) to 
the marginal convolution, central f., the fis- 
sure of Rolando, choroid f., a fissure formed 
by invagination of the optic vesicle and its stalk 
in the embryo, permitting the ingrowth of the meso- 
blast for the formation of the vitreous humor, etc. 
Clevenger's f., the inferior occipital fissure, 
collateral f., a fissure on the mesal surface of the 
cerebrum, between the calcarine and subcollateral 
convolutions, craniofacial f., a vertical fissure 
separating the mesethmoid into two parts, den- 
tate f. Same as hippocampalf. Ecker's f., a 
transverse fissure on the dorsal surface of the oc- 
cipital lobe of the brain, it being a ' part of the 
paroccipital fissure. Called also transverse occipital 
f. ectorhinal f., the fissure which separates 
the rhinencephalon from the rest of the hemi- 
sphere. entolambdoid f. See adoccipital f. 
entorbital f., a fissure occasionally seen between 
the orbital and olfactory fissures, ethmoid f., 
the superior meatus of the nares, exoccipital f. 
See Wernicke's f. fimbriodentate f., a fissure 
between the dentate fascia and the corpus fimbria- 
tum. glaserian f., an opening in the wall of 
the tympanic cavity, extending to the glenoid 
fossa and lodging the long process of the malleus, 
great horizontal f., the principal horizontal 
fissure of the cerebellum. Henle's f's, spaces 
filled with connective tissue between the muscular 
fibers of the heart, hippocampal f., the cere- 
bral fissure, extending from the splenium almost 
to the tip of the temporal lobe; it is collocated with 
the hippocampus major, inferofrontal f., a 
fissure between the middle and inferior frontal 
convolutions of the brain, intercerebral f., 
the fissure separating the two hemispheres of the 
brain, interparietal f., a fissure beginning 
near the ventral end of the central fissure and 
running between the parietal convolutions almost 
to the end of the occipital lobe, intragracile f. 
Same as intragracile sulcus, intraprecuneal f., 
a fissure in the precuneal region of the brain, ante- 
rior to the cuneus. Jensen's f., a part of the 
intermedial fissure near the sylvian fissure, lin- 
guogingival f., an occasional fissure in the 
lingual surface of an upper incisor tooth, lon- 
gitudinal f., the deep fissure between the cere- 
bral hemispheres, mandibular f's, the two 
lowest facial fissures of the embryo, occipital 
f., a deep fissure between the parietal and occip- 
ital lobes of the cerebrum, occipital f., ante- 
rior, the depression between the occipitotemporal 
and inferior sphenoid lobes, orbital f., infe- 
rior. Same as sphenomaxillary f. orbital f., 
superior. Same as sphenoid f. palpebral f., 
the slit or opening between the eyelids. Pansch ' s 
f., a brain fissure from the lower end of the central 
fissure to near the end of the occipital lobe, para- 
central f., a curved fissure on the mesal sur- 
face of a cerebral hemisphere along the para- 
central convolution, parallel f. Same as 
supertemporal f. parietal f., the parietal 
portion of the interparietal fissure, paroccip- 
ital f., the posterior portion of the interparietal 
FISSURE 
428 
fissure, petro-occipital f., a fissure extending 
backward from the foramen lacerum between the 
basioccipital and the posterior and inner border of 
the petrous portion of the occipital bone, petro- 
squamous f., a fissure between the petrous and 
squamous portions of the temporal bone, pe- 
trotympanic f., the glaserian fissure, por- 
tal f., the transverse fissure of the liver, post- 
central f., one of the sulci of the cerebellum, 
postclivial f., one of the fissures of the cere- 
bellum. postgracile f. See postgracile sul- 
cus, under sulcus, posthippocampal f., the 
calcarine fissure, postrhinal f., a fissure be- 
tween the hippocampal and subcollateral convo- 
lutions. postseptal f., a cerebral fissure in 
the posterior part of the occipital lobe, pre- 
central f., a fissure parallel to the fissure of Ro- 
lando and anterior to it. preclival f., one of the 
fissures of the cerebellum, pregracile f., the sul- 
cus pra'gracilis; a fissure of the cerebellum: it lodges 
the middle cerebral artery, prelimbic f., the 
anterior part of the callosomarginal fissure, pre- 
pyramidal f., a fissure in front of the pyramid, 
between the tonsil and the cuneate lobule, ptery- 
goid f., pterygoid notch. See notch, ptery- 
gotympanic f. Same as glaserian f. f. of 
Rolando, the fissure between the parietal and 
frontal lobes. Santorini's f., a cleft in the 
fibrocartilage of the pinna of the ear. Schwalbe's 
f's, the supercentral and anterior occipital fis- 
sures. sphenoid f., a cleft in the wings and 
body of the sphenoid and orbital plate of the 
frontal bone for various nerves and vessels, 
sphenomaxillary f., a fissure between the great 
wing of the sphenoid and the orbital plate of the 
maxilla. It transmits the superior maxillary 
and orbital branches of the fifth nerve, sphe- 
nopetrosal f., a fissure between the under sur- 
face of the great wing of the sphenoid and the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone, sub- 
frontal f. Same as inferofrontal f. sub- 
sylvian f. i. An occasional fissure on the ventral 
surface of the frontal lobe of the brain. 2. The 
horizontal limb of the fissure of Sylvius, sub- 
temporal f., an occasional fissure in the inferior 
and middle temporal convolutions, supercal- 
losal f. 1 The central part of the callosomarginal 
fissure. 2. The callosomarginal fissure, super- 
central f., a cleft of the cerebrum situated above 
and parallel to the dorsal part of the central fissure, 
superfrontal f., a fissure on the lateral aspect of 
the frontal lobe, demarcating the second frontal 
convolution, superoccipital f., a fissure in the 
upper part of the occipital portion of the posterior 
lobe of the cerebrum, superseptal f., a fissure 
in the cuneus nearly parallel with the occipital fis- 
sure. super temporal f., a fissure in front of 
and parallel to the sylvian fissure. Called also 
parallel f. f. of Sylvius, a fissure that separates 
the anterior and middle lobes of the cerebrum, 
tentorial f., the collateral fissure, trans- 
temporal f., an occasional short fissure on the 
lateral surface of the temporal lobe, trans- 
verse f. 1. A fissure crossing the under surface 
of the right lobe of the liver. 2. A horseshoe- 
shaped fissure extending from the descending 
cornu of the cerebrum on one side to that on the 
other, tympanomastoid f. Same as auricu- 
lar f. umbilical f., the anterior part of the lon- 
gitudinal fissure of the liver, f. of the vesti- 
bule, the crack by which the fenestra rotunda 
opens into the vestibule. Wernicke's f., a fis- 
sure that sometimes demarcates the parietal and 
temporal lobes from the occipital lobe, zygal 
f., a fissure that consists of two portions united 
by a third portion, zygomaticosphenoid f., a 
fissure between the orbital surface of the great 
wing of the sphenoid bone and the malar bone. 
fistula (fis'tu-lah), pl. fis'tulce [L. " pipe A 
deep, sinuous ulcer, often leading to an internal 
hollow organ, abdominal f., a passage leading 
from the abdominal surface to some one of the 
hollow abdominal viscera, aerial f., an open- 
FISTULA FISTULA 
429 
FLAGELLUM 
ing in the neck leading to the trachea or other 
part of the air-passages, amphibolic f., an 
opening made into the gall-bladder of an animal in 
order to obtain bile for study. The common bile- 
duct is left intact so that the bile may flow through 
it when the fistula is closed, anal f., a fistula 
near the anus, which may or may not communicate 
with the rectum, biliary f., a fistula into the 
gall-bladder, blind f., one that is open at one 
end only, blind f., external, a blind fistula 
that opens upon the skin, blind f., internal, 
one that opens upon a mucous surface, bran- 
chial f., an unclosed branchial cleft, cervical f. 
i. Aerial fissure. 2. A fistula of the cervix uteri, f. 
cervicovaginal'is laqueat'ica, a fistula in the 
vaginal portion of the cervix uteri, between the 
uterine canal and the vagina, coccygeal f., 
a fistula near the coccyx leading to a dermoid cyst 
of that region, complete f., one that opens 
upon the skin and also upon an internal cavity, 
dental f., a fistula into the cavity of an alveolar 
abscess. Eek's f., an artificial communication 
made between the portal vein and the vena cava 
(Eck, 1877). entero vaginal f., a fistula between 
the intestine and the vagina, enterovesical f., a 
fistula between the intestines and the bladder, 
fecal f., one that communicates with the intestine, 
folliculovestibular f., peri-urethral fistula 
in the female subject, gastric f., an opening, 
usually artificial, into the stomach through the 
wall of the abdomen, gastrocolic f., a fistula 
between the stomach and the colon. gastro- 
duodenal f., a fistula between the stomach and 
the duodenum, gastro-intestinal f., a fistula 
between the stomach and the intestine, genito- 
urinary f., a fistula opening into any portion of 
the genito-urinary tract, gingival f. Same 
as dental f. hepatic f., a fistula into the liver, 
horseshoe f., a semicircular fistulous tract 
near the anus, incomplete f., a blind fistula, 
internal f., a fistula communicating with some 
internal organ and having no external opening, 
intestinal f., an opening, usually artificial, 
through the wall of the belly into the intestines, 
lacrimal f., a fistula opening into any lacrimal 
passage, lacteal f., mammary f., a fistula 
into a lacteal duct, metroperitoneal f., a 
fistula between the uterine cavity and the per- 
itoneum through the wall of the uterus, pari- 
etal f., a fistula through the body-wall, perineo- 
vaginal f., a fistula through the perineum into 
the vagina, pharyngeal f., a fistula through the 
neck into the pharynx, pilonidal f., a fistula 
due to hair growing underneath the skin, pul- 
monary f., a fistula through the wall of the thorax 
into the lung, rectolabial f., a fistula through 
the labium majus into the rectum, recto- 
vaginal f., an abnormal opening between the rec- 
tum and vagina, rectovesical f., a fistula be- 
tween the rectum and the bladder, rectovulvar 
f. Same as rectolabial f. salivary f., a fistula 
opening into a salivary duct, spermatic f., 
a fistula opening into any of the seminal passages, 
stercoral f. Same as fecal f. submental f., 
a salivary fistula opening below the chin. Thiry's 
f., a form of intestinal fistula made usually upon a 
dog for the purpose of obtaining intestinal juice, 
thoracic f., a fistula opening in the wall of the 
thorax, tracheal f., a fistula through the neck 
into the trachea, urachal f., a fistula^ between 
the urachus and some other organ, urinary f., 
an abnormal opening into some part of the Uri- 
nary apparatus, urogenital f. Same as genito- 
urinary f. Vella's f., an artificial fistula made 
by dividing the intestine in two places and suturing 
both ends of the isolated piece to the abdominal 
wall. It is made in order to secure pure intestinal 
juice, vesical f., a fistula opening into the 
urinary bladder, vesico-intestinal f., a fis- 
tula between the bladder and the intestine, vesi- 
co-uterine f., a fistula between the bladder and 
the uterus, vesicovaginal f., an opening from 
the bladder into the vagina. 
fistulatome (fis'tu-lah-tom) [fistula + Gr. r'enveiv 
to cut]. The same as syringotome. 
fistulectomy (fis-tu-lek'to-me) [fistula + Gr. cutout} 
excision]. The operation of excising a fistula. 
fistulization (fis"tu-liz-a'shun). The process of 
becoming fistulous; also a surgical procedure on 
the bladder for cystitis, prostatic disease, etc. 
fistulo-enterostomy (fis"tu-lo-en-ter-os'to-me). 
The operation of making a biliary fistula empty 
permanently into the intestine. 
fistulous (fis'tu-lus) [L. fistulo'sus]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a fistula. 
fit (fit). A convulsion, sharp paroxysm, or sudden 
attack, pontobulbar f's, convulsions in jack- 
sonian epilepsy, due to some action or condition 
situated in the pons or the bulb. 
fitchmul (fitsh'mul). A proprietary preparation 
of balsams and sedatives used as an expectorant. 
Fitz's law, syndrome (fits'ez) [Reginald Heber 
Fitz, physician in Boston, 1843-1913]. See under 
law and syndrome. 
fixateur (feks-at-er') [Fr.]. Same as amboceptor. 
fixation (fiks-a'shun) [L. fixa'tio}. 1. The act of 
holding or fastening in a fixed position. 2. The 
condition of being fixed, f. of the complement, 
when antigen unites with its specific antibody, 
complement, if present, is taken into the combine 
and becomes inactive or fixed. Its presence or 
absence as free, active complement can be shown 
by adding sensitized blood-cells or blood-cells and 
hemolytic amboceptor to the mixture. If free com- 
plement is present, hemolysis occurs; if not, no 
hemolysis is observed. This reaction is the basis 
of many tests for infection, including the Wasser- 
mann test for syphilis, and reactions for gonococcus 
infection, glanders, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, 
etc. Called also complement fixation and Bordet- 
Gengou phenomenon, nitrogen f., the union of 
the free atmospheric nitrogen with other elements 
to form chemic compounds, such as ammonia and 
nitrates or amino groups. It is done mostly by 
certain organisms in the soil, by electric power in 
special machines, and by catalysis. 
fixative (fiks'at-iv). 1. Any fixing agent employed 
in the preparation of histologic or pathologic 
specimens. 2. See amboceptor. 
fixator (fiks-a'tor). Same as amboceptor. 
fixin (fiks'in). Aluminum lactate: used as a gastro- 
intestinal disinfectant. 
fixing (fiks'ing). The preparation of tissues for 
study in such a way that their normal form is 
preserved. 
Fl. A symbol for fluorin; also abbreviation for fluid. 
F. 1. a. Abbreviation for ~L.fi'at le'ge ar'tis, let it be 
done according to rule. 
flabellum (fla-bel'um) [L. " hand "]. A set of 
radiating fibers in the corpus striatum. 
flaccid (flak'sid) [L. flac'cidus]. Weak, lax, and 
soft. 
flacherie (flash-er-e') [Fr.]. A disease of silkworms 
caused by a microparasite. 
flag, sweet- (flag). See Calamus. 
Flagellata (flaj-el-a'tah). A subdivision of the class 
Mastigophora of the order Protozoa, containing 
forms with a definite anterior end on which there 
are one or more flagella. 
flagellate (flaj-el'at). 1. Furnished with slender, 
whip-like processes. 2. A form of microorganism 
observed in the blood of typhoid patients. 
flagellation (flaj-el-a'shun). The protrusion of 
flagella; exflagellation. 
Flagellidia (flaj-el-id'e-ah). Same as Flagellata. 
flagellospore (flaj-el'o-spor). A spore provided 
with one or more flagella. Called also flagellula. 
flagellula (flaj-el'u-lah). See flagellospore. 
flagellum (fla-jel'um), pl. flagel'la [L. " whip "]. 
A mobile, whip-like process or cilium. FLAIL-JOINT 
430 
FLINDT'S SPOTS 
flail-joint (flal'joint). A joint which, after resec- 
tion, shows abnormal mobility. 
Flajani's disease (flah-jan'ez) [Joseph Flajani, 
Italian surgeon, 1741-1808]. Basedow's disease. 
flame, manometric (flam). A gas-flame in a 
manometric capsule for producing flame-pictures. 
flame-picture (flam'pikt-yur). A picture pro- 
duced by a manometric capsule and mirror for 
exhibiting to the eye the qualities of vowel-sounds. 
flame-spots. See under spot. 
flammentachygraph (flam-en-tak'ig-raf). An 
instrument for recording morbid conditions of 
the circulation. 
flank (flank). The part of the body below the 
ribs and above the ilium. 
flannel, vegetable (flan'el). A fabric prepared 
in Germany from the fiber of Pi'nus sylves'tris: 
said to be beneficial when worn by rheumatic 
patients. 
flap (flap). A mass of tissue partly detached by 
the knife, cellulocutaneous f., a surgical flap 
cut from skin and subcutaneous tissue, circu- 
lar f., a surgical flap of a somewhat circular out- 
line. musculocutaneous f., a surgical flap cut 
from skin and muscle, skin-f., a thin surgical 
flap containing little or no diagonal tissue, slid- 
ing f., a flap carried to its new position by sliding. 
flaps (flaps). Severe swelling of the lips in horses. 
flash method (flash). See under method. 
flask (flask). A metal case containing plaster of 
Paris in which a denture is placed for vulcanizing. 
Called also molding flask. 
flasking (flask'ing). The enclosure of a denture in 
a flask for the purpose of vulcanizing it. 
flat (flat). 1. Lying in one plane; having an even 
surface. 2. Having little or no resonance. 3. 
Slightly below the normal pitch of sound. 
flat-foot (flat'fut). A foot with a flat sole and 
sunken tarsus. 
flatness (flat'nes). A peculiar quality of sound 
obtained by percussing a part that is abnormally 
solid. 
flatulence (flat'u-lens) [L. flatulen'tia], Disten- 
tion of the stomach or intestines with air or gases. 
flatulent (flat'u-lent) [L. flatulen'tus]. Charac- 
terized by flatulence; distended with gas. 
flatus (fla'tus) [L.]. 1. Gas or air in the stomach 
or intestines. 2. The air expired in breathing; 
an act of expelling air from the lungs, f. vag- 
ina'lis, noisy expulsion of gas from the vagina. 
flavedo (fla-ve'do) [L. ".yellowness"]. Yellowness, 
as of the skin. 
flavescens (fla-ves'enz) [L.]. Yellowish. 
flavine (fla'vin). See acriflavine. 
flavone (fla'vbn). A colorless crystalline substance, 
C15H10O2, derived from 7-pyrone. From it are 
formed numerous yellow dyestuffs. 
flavonol (fla'vo-nol). A yellow, crystalline sub- 
stance, C15H10O3, a hydroxyl derivative of flavone. 
flavor (fla'vor). 1. That quality of any substance 
which affects the taste. 2. A pharmaceutic or 
other preparation for qualifying the taste of a 
food or medicine. 
flax (flaks). See linum. 
flaxseed. See linseed and linum. 
fl. dr. An abbreviation for fluidram. 
Fid., fld. Abbreviation for fluid. 
flea (fle). Any insect of the family Sarcopsyllidae; 
many are parasitic and may act as carriers of dis- 
ease. cat f. See Ctenocephalus. common f. 
See Pulex. dog f. See Ctenocephalus. common 
rat f. See Ceratophyllus. tropical or Indian 
rat f. See Xenopsylla. squirrel f. See Hoplop- 
syllus. sticktight f., Echidnophaga. sand f. 
See Dermatophilus. human f. See Pulex. 
fleabane (fle'ban). See Erigeron. 
fleam (flem). A lancet for use in venesection; a 
phlebotome. See phlebotome. 
Flechsig's area, cuticulum, fasciculus, 
field, tract, etc. (flek'sigz) [Paul Emil Flechsig, 
alienist in Leipzig, born 1847]. See area, cutic- 
ulum, fasciculus, field, tract, etc. 
fleece of Stilling (ties). A lacework of white 
fibers that surrounds the dentate nucleus. 
Fleischl's hemometer (fli'shelz) [Ernst von 
Fleischl von Marxow, Austrian pathologist, 1846- 
1891]. See hemometer. 
Fleischmann's bursa (flish'manz) [Godfried 
Fleischmann, German anatomist, 1777-1853]. See 
under bursa. 
Fleming's tincture [Alexander Fleming, English 
physician, 1824-1875]. See solution. 
flemingen (flem-in'jin). An orange-red powder, in 
small prismatic needles, from waras, a product of 
Flemin' gia grahamia'na; a strong stain. 
Flemming's solution (flem'ingz) [Walter Flem- 
ming, anatomist in Kiel, born 1843]. See solution. 
flesh (flesh). The soft or muscular parts of the 
animal body, goose f. See cutis anserina. 
proud f., an excessive development of granula- 
tion tissue in a wound or sore. 
fletcherism (fletsh'er-izm) [Horace Fletcher, Ameri- 
can dietitian, 1849-1919]. The thorough mastica- 
tion of solid food and the taking of liquids by sips. 
flex (fleks) [L. flex'us bent]. To bend or put in a 
state of flexion. 
flexibilitas ce'rea (fleks-i-bil'it-as) [L. " waxen 
pliability "]. A cataleptic state in which the limbs 
retain any position in which they may be placed. 
flexibility (fleks-ib-il'it-e) [L. flexibil'itas}. The 
quality of being flexible. 
flexible, flexile (fleks'i-bl, fleks'il) [L.flexib'ilis, 
flex'ilis]. Readily bent without liability to break. 
fleximeter (flex-im'et-er). An instrument for meas- 
uring the amount of flexion of a joint. 
flexion (flek'shun) [L. flex'io]. The act of bend- 
ing or condition of being bent. 
Flexner's bacillus, serum (fleks'nerz) [Simon 
Flexner, American pathologist, born 1863]. See 
under bacillus and serum. 
flexor (fleks'or) [L.]. Any muscle that flexes a 
joint. See muscles, table of. 
flexuose (fleks'u-os). Winding or wavy. 
flexura (fleks-u'rah), pl. flexu'ra [L.]. 1. Abend- 
ing or a bent part or structure. 2. The radio- 
carpal joint of the horse, f. duodenojejuna'lis 
[B N A], duodenojejunal flexure, f. perinea'lis 
rec'ti [B N A], the anal canal, f. sacra'lis 
rec'ti [B N A], the sacrococcygeal portion of the 
rectum. 
flexure (fleks'ur) [L. flexu'ra]. X bend or fold; a 
curved part or structure, basicranial f., a 
bend in the embryo at the upper end of the medulla 
oblongata, caudal f., the bend at the aboral end 
of the embryo, cephalic f., cranial f., the 
curve at the cephalic end of the embryo, cerebral 
f., one of the bends in the embryonic brain, 
cervical f., a bend in the neural tube of the em- 
bryo at the junction of the brain and spinal cord, 
dorsal f., one of the flexures of the embryo in the 
mid-dorsal region, duodenojejunal f., the 
bend at the point of junction of the duodenum and 
jejunum, hemal f., a curvature of the cerebral 
vesicles toward the hemal or ventral aspect, 
hepatic f., the bend of the colon at the junction 
of its ascending and transverse parts, lumbar f., 
the ventral curvature of the back in the lumbar 
region, mesencephalic f., a flexure in the 
neural tube of the vertebrate embryo at the level 
of the mesencephalon, pontine f., a flexure of 
the hind-brain in the embryo, sacral f. Same 
as caudal f. sigmoid f., a part of the colon be- 
tween the descending colon and the rectum, 
splenic f., the bend of the colon at the junction 
of the transverse and descending portions. 
Flindt's spots (flints) [N. Flindt, contemporary 
Danish physician]. Koplik's spots. FLINT'S ARCADE 
431 
FLUID 
Flint's arcade (flintz) [Austin Flint, American 
physician, 1836-1915]. See arcade. 
Flint's murmur (flintz) [Austin Flint, American 
physician, 1812-1886]. See murmur. 
floating (flo'ting). 1. Free to move. 2. Detached 
from the normal place, as, a floating kidney. 
floccilation, floccitation (flok-sil-a'shun, flok- 
sit-a'shun) [L. floccila'tio, floccita'tio\. The pick- 
ing at the bed-clothes by a delirious patient. 
floccilegium (flok-sil-e'je-um). Floccilation. 
floccose (flok'os) [L. flocco'sus full of flocks of wool]. 
Wooly: said of a bacterial growth which is composed 
of short, curved chains variously oriented. 
floccular (flok'u-lar). Pertaining to the flocculus. 
flocculation (flok-u-la'shun). A colloid phenome- 
non in which the disperse phase separates in dis- 
crete, usually visible, particles rather than in a 
continuous mass, as in coagulation. 
flocculent (flok'u-lent). Containing downy or 
flaky shreds. 
flocculus (flok'u-lus), pl. floe'euli [L. " tuft "]. A 
small lobe on the lower side of either cerebellar 
hemisphere, accessory f., a small lobe some- 
times seen near the flocculus in the inferior proc- 
ess of the cerebellum. 
Flood's ligament (fludz) [Valentine Flood, Irish 
surgeon, 1800-1847]. See ligament. 
flooding (flud'ing). Copious uterine hemorrhage, 
floor-cells (flor'selz). See cell. 
floor-plate. See plate. 
Flor. Abbreviation for L.flo'res, flowers. 
flora (flo'rah) [L. flo'ra, the goddess of flowers]. All 
the flowers of a given region of the earth. 
floram (flo'ram). Ammonium bifluorid: used in 
pyorrhoea alveolaris. 
Florence's reaction (flor-ahns') [Albert Florence, 
physician in Lyons, France, born 1851]. See 
reaction. 
flores (flo'rez) [L. pl. of flos flower]. 1. The blossoms 
or flowers of a plant. 2. A drug after sublimation, 
f. benzoi'ni, benzoic acid. f. sul'phuris, 
sublimed sulphur. 
floricin (flo'ris-in). See dericin. 
florid (flor'id) [L. flor'idus, flowery]. Having a 
bright red color. 
floridin (flor'id-in). A purplish or violet coloring- 
matter occurring in the blood of invertebrates. 
Flourens' doctrine (floo-ranz') [Marie Jean Pierre 
Flourens, French physiologist, 1794-1867]. The 
opinion that the entire cerebrum takes part in 
every mental process. 
flourine (flowr-en'). The trade-name of a prep- 
aration of flour and glucose. 
flow (flo). 1. To menstruate copiously. 2. A free 
liquid discharge. 3. The menses. 
Flower's index (flow'erz) [Sir William Henry 
Flower, British physician, 1831-1899]. See under 
index. 
flowers (flow'erz). 1. See flores. 2. A sublimed 
drug, as sulphur or benzoin. 3. The menses, 
f. of arsenic, arsenic trioxid. f. of benzoin, 
benzoic acid. f. of camphor, powdered cam- 
phor prepared by sublimation, f. of sulphur, 
sublimed sulphur. 
Fl.oz. Abbreviation for fluidounce. 
flucticuli (fluk-tik'u-li) [L. " little waves "]. Mark- 
ings, like small waves, on the lateral wall of the 
third ventricle behind the anterior commissure. 
fluctuation (fluk-tu-a'shun) [L. fluctua'tio]. 1. A 
wave-like motion, as of a fluid in a cavity of the 
body after succussion. 2. A slight variation in the 
structure of an organism. 
Fluhrer's probe (flu'rerz) [William Francis Fluh- 
rer, contemporary physician in New York]. See 
under probe. 
fluid (flu'id) [L. flu'idus]. A liquid or a gas. al- 
lantoic f., the fluid contained in the allantois. 
Altmann's f., a histologic fixing fluid composed 
of equal parts of 2 per cent, osmic acid solution 
and a 5 per cent, potassium dichromate solution, 
amniotic f., the liquor amnii. ascitic f., the 
serous fluid which accumulates in the peritoneal 
cavity in ascites. Bamberger's f., an albumin- 
ous mercuric solution for use in the treatment 
of syphilis. Berthollet's fa mixture of sodium 
chlorid and sodium hypochlorite solutions. Bi- 
ondi's f., a histologic staining mixture of orange- 
green, methyl-green, and acid fuchsin. Biondi- 
Ehrlich f., a staining mixture of basic methyl- 
green and acid-red fuchsin. Bouin's f., a 
fixing fluid for histologic work, consisting of 
75 parts of a saturated aqueous solution of picric 
acid, 5 parts of glacial acetic acid, and 20 parts of 
formalin. Burnett's disinfecting f., a strong 
aqueous solution of zinc chlorid. Callison's 
f., a solution, in 90 parts of distilled water, 
of Lbffler's anilin methylene-blue 1 part, for- 
maldehyd solution 1 part, glycerin 10 parts,, 
ammonium oxalate 1 part, sodium chlorid 5 parts: 
used as a diluent in counting red blood-corpuscles, 
cephalorachidian f., cerebrospinal fluid, cer- 
ebrospinal f., the fluid contained within the 
cerebral ventricles, subarachnoid sinus, and the 
central canal of the cord, chlorpalladium f., a 
decalcifying fluid for anatomic and other specimens: 
palladium chlorid, 1 eg.; hydrochloric acid, 1000 
c.c. Coley's f , a mixture of erysipelas and pro- 
digiosus toxins: used in the treatment of malignant 
tumors. Condy's f., a disinfecting solution of 
sodium and potassium permanganates, culture- 
f., a fluid employed as a culture-medium. Dakin's, 
f., a fluid prepared by dissolving 140 gm. of dry so- 
dium carbonate in 10 liters of water. To this 200 
gm. of chlorinated lime are added. After shaking 
the mixture the clear solution is siphoned off, filtered 
through cotton, and to it is added 40 gm. of boric 
acid. See Carrel-Dakin treatment, under treat- 
ment. Delafield's f., a fixing fluid for delicate his- 
tologic tissues: osmic acid (1 per cent, solution), 10 
c.c.; chromic acid (0.2 per cent, solution), 100 c.c.;. 
acetic acid, 1 c.c.; 95 per cent, alcohol, 100 c.c. 
formol-Muller f., Muller's fluid to which has 
been added 2 per cent, of formalin. Fralick's 
f., a germicidal fluid containing nascent chlo- 
rin and ozone: used by venous injection in tuber- 
culosis. Hermann's f. See under stains, 
table of. Kaiserling's f. See Kaiserling's 
solution, under solution, labyrinthine f., the 
perilymph. Lang's f., a hardening fluid com- 
posed of corrosive sublimate, 5 parts, sodium 
chlorid, 6 parts, and acetic acid, 5 parts, in 100 
parts of water. Locke's f. See Locke's solution 
under solution. Mitchell's f., a mixture of 
sodium chlorid, bromin, hydrochloric acid, and water 
acted on by an electric current: used in pul- 
monary tuberculosis. Morton's f., a mixture of 
10 gr. of iodin, 30 gr. of potassium iodid, and 1 
fluidounce of glycerin: formerly used by injection 
in spinal meningocele. Muller's f., a weak solu- 
tion of potassium dichromate and sulphate: used 
in fixing, ' hardening, and preserving anatomic 
specimens. Pacini's f. See under solution. 
Parker's f., a 1 percent, solution of formaldehyd 
in 76 per cent, alcohol; a hardening fluid. Pi- 
azza's f., a blood-coagulating fluid composed of 
1 gm. each of sodium chlorid and ferric chlorid and 
4 c.c. of water. Pitfield's f., a diluting fluid 
for counting leukocytes; made by dissolving 20 
gm. of acacia gum in 50 c.c. distilled water and 
adding 50 gm. of glacial acetic acid and 1 dg. of 
gentian-violet. Purdy's f., a modification of 
Fehling's solution, containing 4.752 gm. of cupric 
sulphate, 23.5 gm. of potassium hydroxid, 350 c.c. 
of strong ammonia, 38 c.c. of glycerin, and enough 
distilled water to make 1000 c.c. saline f. Same 
as salt solution. Scarpa's f., the endolymph of 
the ear. subarachnoid f., the cerebrospinal 
fluid, synovial f., synovia. Tellyesnicz- 
ky's f., a fixing solution consisting of 3 parts FLU I D-ACET-EXTRACT 
432 
FOCIMETER 
of potassium dichromate, 100 parts of water, and 
5 parts of glacial acetic acid. Thoma's f., 
a decalcifying fluid for histologic work, consisting 
of 95 per cent, alcohol and pure nitric acid in the 
proportion of 1 c.c. of the latter to 25 c.c. of the 
former. Toisson's f. See under stains, table 
of. ventricular f., the cerebrospinal fluid con- 
tained in the cerebral ventricles, vital f., the 
fluid in the umbilical vesicle. Waldeyer's f. 
See chlorpalladium f. Wickersheimer's f., a 
fluid composed of arsenic trioxid, sodium chlorid, 
and the sulphate, carbonate, and nitrate of potas- 
sium in a mixture of water, alcohol, and glycerin: 
used for preserving anatomic specimens. Zen- 
ker's f. See under solution. 
fluid-acet-extract (flu"id-as-et-eks'trakt). A 
fluidextract made with a menstruum of acetic acid. 
fluidextract, fluidextractum (flu-id-eks'trakt, 
flu-id-eks-trak'tum). The pharmacopeial name for 
a fluid extract. 
fluidglycerate (flu-id-glis'er-at). A pharmaceuti- 
cal preparation containing 50 per cent, by volume 
of glycerin combined with a drug in the same degree 
of strength as a fluidextract. The fluidglycerates of 
the National Formulary are those of cascara Sag- 
rada, licorice, krameria, and rhubarb. 
fluidism (flu'id-izm). Same as humoralism. 
fluidounce (flu-id-ouns'). Eight fluidrams, 
fluidram (flu-id-ram'). A measure equal to 
56.96 grains of distilled water. 
fluinol (flu'in-ol). A proprietary pine-needle ex- 
tract : used as a sedative addition to baths. 
fluke (fluk). Any parasitic trematode worm, 
blood-f. See Schistosoma, intestinal f's. 
See Amphystoma, Fascioletta, Fasciolopsis, Gas- 
trodiscus, Hetero phyes, Metagonimus, Watsonius, 
and Yokagaiva. Kwan's f., a species found in 
Hong-Kong. It resembles Fasciola buski. liver 
f's. See Clonorchis, Picrocelium, Fasciola, Me- 
torchis, and Opisthorchis. lung-f. See Para- 
gonimus. 
flumerin (flu'mer-in). A dark red powder easily 
soluble in water. It is the disodium salt of hydroxy 
mercury fluorescein, HgOH.CoHafONaj.O.CoHs- 
(O).C.C6H4.COONa. It is used intravenously in 
the treatment of syphilis. 
flu'mina pilo'rum [B N A], The hair-streams, or 
lines along which the hairs are arranged on various 
parts of the body. 
fluoform (flu'o-form). A compound, CHF2, some- 
what analogous to chloroform: its aqueous solu- 
tion is recommended in whooping-cough and tuber- 
culosis. 
fluor albus (flu'or al'bus) [L. " white flow "]. See 
leukorrhea. 
fluorescein, fluorescin (flu-or-es'e-in, flu-or- 
es'in). A coal-tar derivative, mesorcinol phthalein, 
O: (CeHaOH^: C.C6H4COO: used in observing 
the motions of the eye-fluids, as in the diagnosis of 
corneal affections 
fluorescence (flu-or-es'ens) [first observed in 
fluor-spar]. The property of certain bodies to 
emit a gleam when exposed to violet or ultra- 
violet rays. 
fluorid (flu'or-id). Any binary compound of 
fluorin. 
fluorin (flu'or-in) [from fluor-spar, from which it 
is derived]. A halogen, non-metallic, gaseous ele- 
ment, not unlike chlorin: symbol, F; atomic weight, 
19. 
fluoroform (flu'or-o-form). A gas, CHF3, analo- 
gous to chloroform: has been used in phthisis. 
fluoroformol (flu"or-o-for'mol). A 3 per cent, 
aqueous solution of fluoroform: used as an anti- 
septic in pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lupus. 
fluorol (flu'or-ol). Sodium fluorid, NaF, a white, 
crystalline powder: antiseptic, antiperiodic, etc. 
Dose, gr. (0.004-0.0054 gm.); for tubercu- 
losis of children, gr- (d-i-5 mg.). 
fluorometer (flu-or-om'et-er). i. An apparatus 
for measuring the quantity of rays given out by 
an x-ray tube. 2. An attachment to the fluoro- 
scope, enabling the operator to secure a correct 
and undistorted shadow of the object and to locate 
exactly the position of the object. 
fluoroscope (flu-or'os-kop) [fluorescence + Gr. 
aKoiretv to view]. A device used for examining 
deep structures by means of the Roentgen rays: 
it consists of a screen (fluorescent screen) covered 
with crystals of calcium tungstate. 
fluoroscopic (flu'or-o-skop-ik). Pertaining to fluo- 
roscopy. 
fluoroscopy (flu-o-ros'ko-pe). Examination by 
means of the fluoroscope. 
fluorphenetol (flu-or-fen'et-ol). A preparation of 
fluorin and phenetol. 
fluorrheumin (flu-or-u'min). A proprietary oint- 
ment of petrolatum, lanolin, difluordiphenyl, and 
fluorphenetol: used in rheumatism, lumbago, and 
sciatica. 
flush (flush). A redness of the face and neck, 
hectic f., the peculiar flush of the febrile state 
of hectic fever, mahogany f., a deep-red or 
mahogany-colored, circumscribed spot seen on one 
cheek in some cases of lobar pneumonia. 
flutter, atrial or auricular (flut'er). A condi- 
tion of cardiac arhythmia in which the auricular 
contractions are extremely rapid (180 to 400 per 
minute), but are rhythmic and of uniform ampli- 
tude. The ventricles are unable to respond to 
each auricular impulse, so that a partial or com- 
plete block is set up, the impulses no longer arise 
from the sino-auricular node, but from some other 
portion of the auricle. 
fluvanil (flu'van-il). A principle, C4()H64O4, de- 
rived from gutta-percha. 
flux (fluks) [L. flux'us]. 1. An excessive flow or dis- 
charge. 2. A substance that facilitates the fusion 
of metals or minerals, alvine f., diarrhea. bil- 
ious f., hepatic f., tropical dysentery with a 
copious discharge of bile, bloody f. See dysen- 
tery. celiac f., diarrhea accompanied by the dis- 
charge of undigested food, menstrual f., the 
menses. 
fly (fli). A dipterous or two-winged insect, black 
f. See Simulium. blow f., blue-bottle f. 
See Calliphora. bot f. See Dermatobia. cheese 
f. See Piophila. Columbacz f. See Simulium 
columbaczense. crane f. See Tipulida. deer f. 
See Chrysops discalis. flesh f. See Sarcophaga 
and Wohlfartia. fruit f. See Drosophila, gad 
f. See Tabanus, gold f. See Lucilia casar. 
heel f. See Hypoderma, horn f. See Hema- 
tobium. horse f. See Tabanus, house f. See 
Musca domestica. mango or mangrove f. See 
Chrysops. Motuca f. See Lepidosilaga. phle- 
botomus f. See Phlebotomies, pomace f. See 
Lrosophila. sand f. See Phlebotomus. screw- 
worm f. See Chrysomyia. stable f. See 
Stomoxys. tsetse f. See Glossina. tumbu f. 
See Cordylobia anthropophaga. vinegar f. See 
Drosophila, warble f. See Dermatobia. 
fly-agaric. See Amanita muscaria. 
fly-blister (fli'blis-ter). A blister prepared from 
cantharides. 
flying-blister (fli'ing-blis-ter). A blister to be 
moved from place to place. 
F. M., f. m. Abbreviation for L. fi'at mislu'ra, 
make a mixture. 
focal (fo'kal). Pertaining to or occupying a focus, 
f. infection. See infection. 
Fochier's abscess (fosh-e-az') [Alphonse Fochier, 
French gynecologist, 1845-1903]. See under 
abscess. 
focil, focile (fo'sil, fo'sil-e) [L. fusil'lus, a little 
spindle]. One of the bones of the forearm or leg. 
focimeter (fo-sim'et-er). An apparatus for finding 
the focus of a lens. FOCUS 
433 
FOLIUS' PROCESS 
focus (fo'kus), pl. fo'ci [L. " fire-place "]. 1. The 
point of convergence of light-rays or of the waves 
of sound. 2. The chief center of a morbid process, 
aplanatic f., that focus or point from which rays 
diverging pass the lens without spheric aberration, 
conjugate f., the point at which rays that come 
from some definite point are brought together, 
principal f., the point at which rays that were 
parallel before refraction are brought together, 
real f., the point at which convergent rays inter- 
sect. virtual f., the point at which divergent 
rays would intersect if prolonged backward. 
Foeniculum (fe-nik'u-lum), gen. fcenic'uli [L.]. A 
genus of umbelliferous plants; the fruit of F. vul- 
ga're, the common fennel, is carminative, aromatic, 
and stimulant. 
Foerster. See Forster. 
foetal, foetus, etc. See fetal, fetus, etc. 
fogging, fogging system (fog'ing). A method of 
testing the vision by first making the patient arti- 
ficially myopic by means of plus spheres in order 
to relax all accommodation before using cylinders. 
foil (foil). Metal in very thin, pliable sheets. The 
chief foils used in medicine and dentistry are those 
of gold, platinum, and tin. 
Fol. Abbreviation for L. fo'lia, leaves. 
fold (fold). A rather thin, recurved margin, or 
doubling, amniotic f., the folded edge of the 
amniotic membrane where it rises over and finally 
encloses the embryo. Arnold's f., Beraud's 
valve; a slip of mucous membrane sometimes found 
at the junction of the nasal duct with the lacrimal 
sac. aryepiglottic f., a fold of mucous mem- 
brane extending on either side between the lateral 
border of the epiglottis and the summit of the ary- 
tenoid cartilage, axillary f's, the folds of skin 
bounding the arm pit. cecal f. Same as plica 
ccecalis. ciliary f., one of a series of low ridges in 
the furrows between the ciliary processes, con- 
junctival f., the fold at the point where the 
conjunctiva is reflected from the eyeball onto 
the eyelid. costocolic f., a fold of perito- 
neum from the diaphragm to the splenic flex- 
ure of the colon, forming a shelf-like structure 
above the spleen. Douglas' semilunar f., a 
thin, curved margin; the lower part of the posterior 
wall of the sheath of the abdominal rectus muscle. 
Duncan's f's, loose folds of peritoneum covering 
the uterus immediately after delivery, duodeno- 
jejunal f., a peritoneal fold from the transverse 
mesocolon to the union of the duodenum with the 
jejunum, epigastric f., a fold of peritoneum 
covering the epigastric vessels, gastropan- 
creatic f., a fold of the peritoneum between the 
stomach and the pancreas, genital f., a fold 
of skin in the embryo, on each side of the genital 
tubercle, which develops into the urethral walls in 
the male or the labia minora in the female, geni- 
tomesenteric f., a fold of peritoneum passing 
from the mesentery of the ileum to the pelvis, at- 
tached in the fetus to the genital gland below, 
glosso-epiglottic f's, three folds of mucous 
membrane extending from the base of the tongue to 
the epiglottis, gluteal f., the crease separating 
the buttock from the thigh. Guerin's f., a fold 
of mucous membrane occasionally seen in the fossa 
navicularis of the urethra. head f., the in- 
flection of the. blastoderm at the head end of the 
embryo. Heister's f. See Heister's valves, 
under valve. Hensing's f., parietocolic f., 
the superior ligament of the cecum, hypoblas- 
tic f., a fold over the hypoblast in the embryo 
developing into the notochord, ileocolic f., a 
crescentic fold of peritoneum forming a part of the 
mesentery, mesocolon, and mesocecum, incudal 
f., a mucous fold in the tympanum extending 
from the long limb of the incus to the poste- 
rior wall. Jonnesco's f., Juvara's f. Same as 
parietoperitoneal f. Kerkring's f's, Kerkring's 
valves. Kohlrausch's f., a fold of mucous mem- 
brane projecting from the right side into the lumen 
of the rectum; the so-called third sphincter, lacri- 
mal f., Huschke's valve. See valve. Luschka's 
f., the ileocolic fold. Marshall's r. See vesti- 
gial f. medullary f., a fold of ectoderm along 
each side of the medullary plate during the early 
stages of development of the central nervous sys- 
tem. mesenteriomesocolic f., a fold of peri- 
toneum extending from the mesentery into the 
mesocolon of the sigmoid flexure, meso-uterine 
f., a fold of peritoneum supporting the uterus. 
Nelaton's f., a transverse fold of mucous mem- 
brane in the rectum, marking the junction of its 
lower and middle thirds, neural f. Same as 
medullary f. opercular f., a fold of tissue con- 
stituting an adhesion between the tonsil and the 
anterior pillar of the fauces, palpebral f's, the 
folds (superior and inferior) formed by the reflec- 
tions of the conjunctiva from the eyelids to the eye. 
parietoperitoneal f., a fetal fold of peritoneum 
arising at the left side of the ascending colon and 
attached to the parietal peritoneum at the right 
of the ascending colon. Pawlik's f's, two 
columns in the vagina forming the lateral boun- 
daries of Pawlik's triangle: they serve to mark 
the openings of the ureters, pharyngo-epi- 
glottic f., a fold of mucous membrane run- 
ning backward from the epiglottis, pituitary 
f's, the folds of the dura mater inclosing the hypo- 
physis. Rathke's f's, two fetal folds of meso- 
derm which unite at the median line to form Doug- 
las' septum and to render the rectum a complete 
canal, rectal f's, the crescentic folds of mucous 
membrane on the lateral walls of the rectum; 
Houston's valves, rectovesical f., the recto- 
vesical pouch. See pouch. Reid's f., the genito- 
mesenteric fold, retrotarsal f., the fornix 
conjunctivae. Rindfleisch's f's, folds in the 
serous surface of the pericardium around the 
beginning of the aorta. salpingopalatine 
f., a projection in front of the entrance to the 
eustachian tube within the nasopharynx, sal- 
pingopharyngeal f., an eminence behind 
the entrance to the eustachian tube within the 
nasopharynx. Schultze's f., a sickle-shaped 
fold of the amnion extending from the point 
of insertion of the cord into the placenta to the 
remains of the umbilical vesicle, synovial f., 
an extension of the synovial membrane of a joint 
toward or between two articular surfaces, tail- 
f., a double fold .which, with the head-fold, be- 
comes the amniotic fold surrounding the embryo. 
Treves' f., a fold of peritoneum at the left border 
of the cecum, extending from the ileum above to the 
appendix below, ventricular f., the false vocal 
cord, vestigial f., Marshall's f., a pericardial 
fold over the root of the left lung, formed by the 
obliterated duct of Cuvier, visceral f's, the 
thickened folds between the visceral arches and 
clefts of the embryo, vocal f., the true vocal cord, 
folia (fo'le-ah). Latin for leaves. 
foliaceous (fo-le-a'shus) [L. fo'lia, leaves]. Per- 
taining to or resembling leaves. 
folian (fo'le-an). See Folius. 
folie (fol-e') [Fr. "insanity"]. Insanity, f. a deux 
(fol-e' a d-uh') ["insanity of two"], communicated 
insanity. See under insanity, f. circulaire 
(fol-e' ser-koo-lair'), circular insanity, f. du 
doute (fol-e' du doot'), doubting insanity, f. du 
pourquoi (fol-e' du poor-kwah'), a psychasthen- 
ic condition in which the patient is constantly 
asking questions, f. gemellaire (fol-e' zha- 
mel-air'), insanity appearing nearly simultaneously 
in twins, f. musculaire, severe chorea, f. 
raisonnante (fol-e' ri-zon-ant'), delusional in- 
sanity. 
Folin's test (fol'inz) [Otto Folin, American physio- 
logic chemist, born 1867]. See under tests. 
folium (fo'le-um), pl. fo'lia [L. "leaf"]. A leaf or 
leaf-like structure, f. cacu'minis, f. ver'mis 
[B N A], the most posterior part of the superior 
vermiform process of the cerebellum. 
Folius' process (fo'le-us) [Caecilius Folius, anato- 
mist of Venice, 1615-1650]. See under process. FOLLICLE 
434 
FORAMEN 
follicle (fol'ik-1) [L. follic'ulus little bag]. A very 
small excretory or secretory sac or gland, den- 
tal f., the sac-like structure within the substance 
of the jaws, inclosing the tooth before its eruption. 
Fleischmann's f., a mucous follicle in the 
mucosa of the floor of the mouth, near the anterior 
border of the genioglossus muscle. It is not 
always constant, gastric f's. 1. The glands 
of the stomach which secrete gastric juice. 2. The 
lymphoid masses in the gastric mucosa, graafian 
f., any one of the small spheric ovarian bodies, 
each one of which contains an ovum, hair-f., 
the depression from which each hair grows, in- 
testinal f's, Lieberkuhn's follicles, lenticular 
f's, lymphatic follicles of the mucous membrane of 
the stomach. Lieberkuhn's f's, little tubular 
pits on the mucous membrane of the small intestine, 
lymph-f., an aggregation of adenoid substance, 
chiefly found upon the mucous surfaces. Mont- 
gomery's f's, depressions in the mucous mem- 
brane of the uterus. Naboth's f's, distended 
mucous glands within the cervix and about the 
os uteri, sebaceous f., a sebaceous gland of the 
skin, solitary f., any discrete lymph-follicle on 
the mucous surface of the intestine, vesicular 
ovarian f. Same as graafian f. 
folliclis (fol'ik-lis). A tuberculous disease marked 
by an eruption on the extremities of red nodules 
which later become pustular, resulting in an 
ulcer which heals with a scar. 
follicular (fol-ik'u-lar) [L. follicula'ris]. Of or 
pertaining to a follicle or follicles. 
folliculitis (fol-ik-u-li'tis); Inflammation of a 
follicle or follicles, agminate f., inflammation 
of a set of skin-follicles, f. bar'bse, inflamma- 
tion of the hair-follicles of the beard, f. decal'- 
vans, chronic folliculitis of the scalp, leading to 
cicatricial alopecia. 
folliculoma (fol-ik-u-lo'mah). A tumor of the 
ovary formed from the epithelium of the graafian 
follicles, and containing structures that resemble 
follicles. 
folliculosis (fol-ik-u-lo'sis). A disease character- 
ized by excessive development of lymph-follicles. 
folliculus (fol-ik'u-lus) [L.]. A follicle, f. ooph'- 
orus vesiculo'sus [B N A], a graafian follicle. 
See follicle, i. pi'li [B N A], a hair-follicle. See 
follicle. 
fomentation (fo-men-ta'shun) [L. fomenta'tio; 
fomen'turn a poultice]. Treatment by warm and 
moist applications; also the substance thus ap- 
plied. 
fomes (fo'mez), pl. fom'ites [L. " tinder "]. Any 
substance that absorbs and transmits a conta- 
gium. 
fomite (fo'mit). Same as fomes. 
Fontana's canal, mask, spaces, etc. (fon-tah'- 
nahz) [Felice Fontana, Italian naturalist, 1730- 
1805]. See canal, mask, space, etc. 
fontanel, fontanelle (fon-tan-el') [Fr. fontanelle 
little fountain]. Any one of the unossified, spots on 
the cranium of a young infant, anterior f., is 
situated at the junction of the frontal, coronal, and 
sagittal sutures, anterolateral f. Same as 
sphenoid f. bregmatic f. Same as anterior f. 
Casser's f., a fontanel at the junction of the 
temporal, parietal, and occipital bones, fron- 
tal f. Same as anterior f. Gerdy's f., a fon- 
tanel occasionally occurring in the sagittal suture, 
mastoid f., a fontanel between the adjacent 
edges of parietal, occipital, and mastoid portions of 
the temporal bone, occipital f., the posterior 
fontanel, posterior f., one at the junction of 
the sagittal and lambdoid sutures, posterolat- 
eral f., the mastoid fontanel, sagittal f., 
Gerdy's fontanel. sphenoid f., a fontanel 
at the point of junction of the frontal, parietal, 
squamous part of temporal, and great wing of 
sphenoid bone. 
fonticulus (fon-tik'u-lus), pl. fontic'uli [L. dim. 
of fans fountain]. A fontanel. 
food (food). Anything which, when taken into the 
body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues 
or to supply heat; aliment, isodynamic f's, 
foods which generate equal amounts of force in 
heat-units. 
food-fever. See under fever. 
foot (fut) [L. pes]. The terminal organ of the leg. 
See also claw-foot, club-foot, flat-foot, talipes, f.- 
and-mouth disease. See under disease, but- 
tress f., a condition of periostitis or ostitis in 
the region of the pyramidal process of the os pedis 
of a horse with fracture of the process, deformity of 
the hoof, and alteration of the normal angle of the 
joint. Called also pyramidal disease and low ring- 
bone. claw-f., a foot affected with atrophy and 
contracture of the toes, cleft f., a deformed foot 
in which the division between the third and fourth 
toes extends into the metatarsal region, club-f. 
See talipes, contracted f. See hoof-bound. 
crooked f., a condition of a horse's hoof in which 
one wall is concave and the opposite wall convex, 
giving the hoof a bent appearance. It is due 
to improper trimming and shoeing, dangle-f., 
a dependent and powerless state of the foot, due 
to paralysis of the leg muscles, end-f., one of 
the delicate terminal expansions of nerve-fibers, 
flat-f. i. See flat-foot. 2. That condition of a 
horse's foot in which the natural concavity of the 
sole is absent, forced f., a painful swelling of the 
feet of soldiers after forced marches, due to fracture 
of the fourth metatarsal bone. Friedreich's f., 
pes cavus, with hyperextension of the toes: seen in 
hereditary ataxia, fungus-f. See mycetoma. 
golfer's f., a painful condition due to breaking 
down of the anterior arch of the foot in golfers, 
hollow f. See pes cavus. Madura f. See my- 
cetoma. Morand's f., a foot having eight toes. 
Morton's f., metatarsalgia, mossy f., an in- 
fective verrucotic condition of the skin of the 
feet, endemic in the Amazon region of South 
America, f .-phenomenon, f .-reflex. Same as 
ankle-clonus, f.-plate, the plate that forms the 
base of the stapes, f .-pound, the energy needed 
to raise a pound one foot, pricked f., a condition 
in a horse in which the sole or the frog has been 
punctured either in the forge or by the animal tread- 
ing on a nail or some other object, pumiced f., 
a condition in which the sole of a horse's hoof pro- 
jects beyond the level of the wall, the horn being 
porous and brittle in quality. Called also dropped 
sole and convex sole, reel f., club-foot, f.-rot. 
See under rot. sag-f., sagging of the arch of the 
foot, tabetic f., the flat, distorted foot seen in 
tabes, and due to disease of the tarsus, taut-f., a 
shortening and contraction of the calf muscles and 
plantar flexors of the foot, due to high-heeled shoes, 
trench-f., a condition of the feet of soldiers in the 
trenches resembling frost-bite. It is due to the pro- 
longed action of water on the skin combined with 
circulatory disturbance due to cold and inaction. 
Called also water-bite, foot stasis, and local frigorism. 
forage (fo-rahzh'). An operation of cutting a V- 
shaped longitudinal trench in the prostate by means 
of the electric current, thereby removing the ob- 
struction caused by its hypertrophy. 
foramen (for-a'men), pl. foram'ina [L.]. A hole 
or perforation; especially a hole in a bone, alveo- 
lar f., one of the openings of the posterior dental 
canals on the external surface of the maxillary 
bone, aortic f., the hindmost of the openings of 
the diaphragm, apical f., the opening of the 
pulp canal at the apex of the root of a tooth, 
arachnoid f., the foramen of Magendie, audi- 
tory f., external, the external meatus of the au- 
ditory canal, auditory f., internal, a 
passage for the auditory and facial nerves in 
the petrous bone. Bartholin's f., the ob- 
turator foramen. Bichat's f., a canal extend- 
ing from the subarachnoid space to the third 
ventricle. Botalli's f., connects the auricles of 
the fetal heart. Bozzi's f., Sbmmering's yel- 
low spot; the macula lutea of the retina, f. FORAMEN 
435 
FORAMEN 
cse'cum, cecal f. 1. A foramen between the 
frontal bone and crista galli. 2. A canal above 
the root and dorsum of the tongue. 3. A pas- 
sage in the mucous membrane of the posterior 
wall of the pharynx, f. caecum poste'rius, 
a blind depression under the edge of the pons, 
formed by the termination of the anterior fissure 
of the medulla oblongata. Called also f. ccecum 
of Vicq d'Azyr. carotid f., the inferior aperture 
of the carotid canal, for the carotid vessels, cav- 
ernous f., a passage for the median vertebral 
vein in the sphenoid bone, f. centra'le. Same as 
fovea centralis, cervical f., a passage for the verte- 
bral artery and vein in the transverse processes of 
the cervical vertebrae, condyloid f., a passage 
for the hypoglossal nerve in the occipital bone, 
condyloid f., posterior, a fossa behind either 
occipital condyle. conjugate f., a foramen 
formed by a notch in each of two opposed bones, 
costotransverse f., a foramen between the ante- 
rior and posterior costotransverse ligaments for 
the passage of the intercostal branch of the spinal 
nerve, cotyloid f., a passage between the mar- 
gin of the acetabulum and the transverse ligament, 
dental f., inferior, the outer aperture of the in- 
ferior dental canal in the ramus of the lower jaw. 
dental f., superior, the foramen of Scarpa. 
f. diaphrag'matis (sel'lse) [B N A], the opening 
in the center of the diaphragm of the sella through 
which passes the infundibulum. Duverney's f. 
Same as/. of Winslow, emissary f., any foramen 
which gives passage to an emissary vein, epiploic 
f., the foramen of Winslow, esophageal f., the 
passage for the esophagus through the diaphragm, 
ethmoid f. {anterior and posterior), foramina on 
the border of the ethmoid, ethmoid f., ante- 
rior, a canal between the ethmoid and frontal 
bones for the nasal branch of the ophthalmic 
nerve and for the anterior ethmoid vessels. Fer- 
rein's f., the hiatus fallopii. frontal f., the 
supra-orbital notch, fronto-ethmoid f., a 
cecal foramen lying between the frontal and 
ethmoid bones. Galen's f., the opening of the 
anterior cardiac vein into the right auricle. Har- 
tigan's f., a foramen said to exist in the base 
of the transverse process of a lumbar vertebra, 
seldom persisting to adult life. Huschke's f., a 
perforation found near the inner extremity of the 
tympanal plate: caused by arrest of develop- 
ment. incisor f., f. incisi'vum [B N A], the 
aperture for the anterior palatine artery in the al- 
veolar margin, infra-orbital f., the passage in 
the superior maxillary bone for the infra-orbital 
nerve and vessels, innominate f., an occasional 
passage in the temporal bone for the small super- 
ficial petrosal nerve, interventricular f., the 
foramen of Monro, intervertebral f., any 
passage (anterior or posterior) formed by the 
notches of any two adjacent vertebra, inter- 
vertebral f., posterior, any space between the 
articular processes of adjacent vertebra, ischi- 
adic f. Same as sacrosciatic f. jugular f., the 
foramen lacerum posterius. Key and Retzius 
f., two openings in the inferior choroid tela of the 
fourth ventricle at the lateral recesses: they open 
into the cisterna magna. f. la'cerum. Same as 
f. lacerum medium, f. la'cerum ante'rius, 
the sphenoid fissure, f. la'cerum me'dium, a 
cleft in the petrous bone and great wing of the 
sphenoid bone for the carotid artery and the large 
superficial petrosal nerve, f. la'cerum poste'- 
rius, the space formed by the jugular notches of 
the temporal and occipital bones. Luschka's f., 
a semilunar opening between the valvula tarini 
and the ligula, at the lateral angle of the fourth 
ventricle on either side Magendie's f., the 
foramen which connects the fourth ventricle with 
the subarachnoid space, f. mag'num, a great 
orifice in the occipital bone through which the 
brain and spinal cord are connected, mandib- 
ular f. Same as dental f., inferior, mastoid 
f., a small aperture behind the mastoid process for 
an artery and vein, medullary f. Same as nu- 
trient f. meibomian f., the foramen caecum of 
the tongue, mental f., a foramen of the lower 
jaw for the mental nerve and vessels, f. of 
Monro, an opening back of the anterior pillars of 
the fornix, forming a passage between the third 
and the lateral ventricle of the brain. Morand's 
f., the foramen caecum (2d def.), morgag- 
nian f., the interval between the basilar process 
of the occipital bone and the upper border of the 
superior constrictor muscles of the pharynx, f- 
nervo'sum [B N A], one of the openings on the 
tympanic edge of the lamina spiralis for the passage 
of the cochlear nerves, f. nutric'ium [B N A], 
nutrient f., any one of the passages which admit 
the nutrient vessels to the medullary cavity of a 
bone; obturator f., f. obtura'tum [B N A], 
the large opening between the os pubis and the 
ischium, occipital f., f. occipita'le mag num 
[B N A], the large opening in the occipital bone 
through which passes the lower part of the medulla 
oblongata, olfactory f., any one of the many 
openings of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid 
bone, optic f., the passage for the optic nerve and 
ophthalmic artery at the apex of the orbit, f. 
ova'le [B N A]. 1. A fetal opening between the 
heart's auricles. 2. An aperture in the great wing 
of the sphenoid bone for the inferior maxillary 
nerve and the small meningeal artery, pac- 
chionian f., the opening in the tentorium cere- 
belli through which the pons extends, palatine 
f., anterior, an orifice in the anterior part of the 
roof of the mouth for a nerve and artery; the 
mouth of the incisor canal, palatine f., pos- 
terior or great, the orifice in the hard palate 
of the posterior palatine canal, parietal f., an 
opening near the back of the upper border of 
the parietal bone for a vein, pterygopalatine 
f., the exterior aperture of the pterygopalatine 
canal, pulpal f. Same as apical f. quadrate 
f., the opening in the diaphragm for the postcava. 
Retzius'f. Same as Key and Retzius' f. rivin- 
ian f., the notch of Rivinus; also a minute opening 
said by some observers to exist in Shrapnell's mem- 
brane. f. rotun'dum, a round aperture in the 
great wing of the sphenoid for the superior maxillary 
nerve, sacral f., anterior, any one of the eight 
openings (four on each side) on the posterior surface 
of the sacrum for the anterior or motor roots of 
the sacral nerves, sacral f., posterior, any 
one of the four orifices on each side of the posterior 
surface of the sacrum for the posterior or. sen- 
sory roots of the sacral nerves, sacrosciatic 
f., great, the oval space between the innominate 
bone and the lesser sacrosciatic ligament, sacro- 
sciatic f., smaller, the space between the greater 
and lesser sacrosciatic ligaments and the innom- 
inate bone. Scarpa's f., two foramina behind 
the middle incisor teeth: they transmit the nasal 
palatine nerves. Schwalbe's f., the foramen 
caecum posterius. sciatic f., sacrosciatic fora- 
men. f. singula're [B N A], an opening on the 
inferior fossa of the fundus of the internal audi- 
tory canal, for the passage of the nerve to the am- 
pulla of the posterior semicircular canal. Sbm- 
mering's f., the fovea centralis, spheno- 
palatine f., the space between the orbital and 
sphenoid processes of the palate bone, spheno- 
tic f., the foramen lacerum medium, f. spino'- 
sum [BN A], an opening in the great wing of the 
sphenoid near its posterior angle, for the middle 
meningeal artery. Stenson's f., the two -for- 
amina behind the outer incisor teeth: each trans- 
mits an artery, stylomastoid f., a foramen be- 
tween the styloid and mastoid processes, for. the 
facial nerve and stylomastoid artery, suborbital 
f., the orifice at the anterior end of the infra-orbital 
canal for the infra-orbital artery and nerve, 
suprapyriform f., an opening above the pyra- 
midalis muscle through which the gluteal vessels 
and superior gluteal nerve pass out of the. pelvis. 
Tarin's f., the hiatus fallopii. Thebesian f., 
f. thebes'ii, the venae thebesii or their orifices in 
the right auricle, thyroid f., the obturator fora- FORAMINA 
436 
FORGENIN 
men. f. transversa'rium [BN A], transverse 
f., the vertebro-arterial foramen, f. venae ca'vse 
[B N A], the quadrate foramen, f. vena'rum 
minima'rum (thebes'ii). Same as f. thebesii. 
vertebral f., the space in any vertebra for the 
lodgment of the spinal cord, vertebral f., an- 
terior, any passage for a spinal nerve, ver- 
tebro-arterial f., a passage in each transverse 
process of a cervical vertebra for the vertebral 
artery and veins, f. of Vesalius, an opening at 
the inner side of the foramen ovale of the sphe- 
noid. f. of Vicq d'Azyr. See f. cacum posterius. 
Weitbrecht's f., a foramen in the capsule of the 
shoulder-joint through which passes the synovial 
membrane to the bursa that lines the under sur- 
face of the subscapularis muscle, f. of Winslow, 
the aperture between the greater and lesser per- 
itoneal cavities, zygomaticofacial f., the ex- 
ternal aperture of the malar canal on the malar 
bone for the temporomalar nerve, zygomatico- 
orbital f., the temporomalar canal, zygo- 
maticotemporal f., the internal orifice of the 
malar canal in the malar bone for the temporo- 
malar nerve. 
foramina (for-am'in-ah). Plural of foramen, f. 
nasa'lia, vascular foramina, opening on the 
outer surface of each nasal bone. f. nervo'sa 
[BN A]. See/.nemo'sum. f. palati'namino'ria 
[BN Al, external accessory palatine canals, f. 
papilla'ria re'nis [B N A], minute openings in 
the summit of each renal papilla, the openings of 
the secreting tubules, f. vena'rum minima'- 
rum [B N A], the Thebesian foramina. 
foraminalum (for-am-in'a-lum). A very small 
foramen. 
foraminiferous (for"am-in-if'er-us) [foramen + 
L. feFre to bear]. Having foramina. 
foration (fo-ra'shun) [L. fora'tio]. The act or proc- 
ess of trephination or boring. 
force (fors) [L.for'tis strong]. That which originates 
or arrests motion, catabolic f., energy derived 
from the metabolism of food, nerve f., nervous 
f., the ability of nerve tissue to conduct stimuli, 
reserve f., energy above that required for normal 
functionating, vital f., the energy which char- 
acterizes a living organism. 
forced foot (forst). See under foot. 
forceps (for'seps) [L.]. 1. An instrument with 
two blades and handles for pulling, grasping, or 
compressing. 2. Any forcipate organ or part, 
particularly the terminal fibers of the corpus 
callosum, alligator f., a strong toothed forceps 
having a double clamp, alveolar f., a forceps 
for removing portions of the alveolar process, 
f. ante'rior. Same as /. minor, artery 
f., a forceps for grasping and compressing an 
artery, aural f., a forceps for operations on the 
ear. axis-traction f., an obstetric forceps so 
constructed that the traction may be made in the 
line of the pelvic axis, bone-f., a forceps used 
for cutting bone, bulldog f., spring forceps for 
seizing an artery or other part to arrest hemor- 
rhage. capsule f., a forceps for removing the 
lens capsule in membranous cataract. Cham- 
berlen f., the original form of obstetric forceps, 
clamp f., a forceps-like clamp with an auto- 
matic lock, used for compressing arteries, the 
pedicle of a tumor, etc. clip f., a small forceps 
with broad ends to the blades and fastened by a 
spring catch, used to close the end of a severed ar- 
tery during operations, dental f., forceps for 
the extraction of teeth, dressing f., a forceps 
with scissor-like handles for grasping lint, drainage- 
tubes, etc., in dressing wounds, ear f., a delicate 
forceps for extracting foreign bodies from the audi- 
tory canal, epilating f., a forceps for use in 
plucking out hairs, fixation f., a forceps for 
holding a part during an operation, hammer f., 
a combined hammer and forceps for surgeons' use. 
hemostatic f., a forceps for controlling hemor- 
rhage. Hodge's f., a variety of obstetric for- 
ceps. Knapp's f., a forceps with roller blades: 
used to express trachomatous granules from the 
conjunctiva. Kocher's f., a strong forceps 
for holding tissues during operation or for compress- 
ing bleeding tissue. Laborde's f., a forceps for 
grasping the tongue in Laborde's respiration. 
Laplace's f., a forceps used in enterostomy 
for holding the portions of the intestines to- 
gether while they are being sutured. Levret's 
f., a modified Chamberlen forceps, curved to 
correspond with the curve of the parturient canal. 
Liston's f., a bone-cutting forceps, lithotomy 
f., a forceps for removing stone from the bladder 
in lithotomy. Lowenberg's f., a forceps for 
removing adenoid growths, f. ma'jor, the ter- 
minal fibers of the callosum that pass into the 
frontal lobe f. mi'nor, the terminal fibers of 
the callosum that pass from the splenium into the 
occipital lobe, mouse-tooth f., a forceps 
with two or more fine teeth at the tip of each 
blade, obstetric f., forceps for making traction 
on the fetus in cases of difficult labor. Pean's f., 
a clamp for hemostasis, f. poste'rior. Same as 
/. minor, roller f., a forceps with a roller at the 
end of each blade: used for compressing the granu- 
lations in trachoma, sequestrum f., a forceps 
with small but strong serrated jaws for removing 
the portions of bone forming a sequestrum. Simp- 
son' s f., a form of obstetric forceps, speculum 
f., a long slender forceps for use through a 
speculum. Tarnier's f., axis-traction forceps, 
tenaculum f., a forceps having a sharp hook at 
the end of each jaw. torsion f., a forceps for 
making torsion on an artery to arrest hemorrhage, 
tracheal f., a long slender forceps for removing 
foreign bodies from the trachea, trachoma f. 
Same as roller f. tubular f., a slender forceps 
for use through a tubular instrument, volsellum 
f., vulsellum f., a forceps each blade of which is 
armed with a vulsellum hook. 
Forchheimer's sign (for'shi-merz) [Frederick 
Forchheimer, physician in Cincinnati, 1853-1913]. 
See sign. 
forcipate (for'sip-at). Shaped like a forceps. 
Forcipomyia (for-sip-o-mi'e-ah). A genus of 
Chironomida:. F. townsen'di, and F. u'ta are species 
which are thought to transmit uta by their bites. 
forcipressure (for'sip-resh-ur). Pressure with a 
forceps, chiefly for the arrest of hemorrhage. 
Fordyce's disease [John A. Fordyce, New York 
dermatologist]. See disease. 
forearm (for'arm). The part of the arm between 
the elbow and the wrist. 
forebrain (for'bran). The prosencephalon. 
foreconcious (for-kon'shus). Incapable of becom- 
ing conscious until certain conditions are fulfilled, 
forefinger (for-fin'ger). The first, or index, finger, 
foregut (for'gut). The embryonic organ whence 
the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum 
are derived. 
forehead (for'ed). The part of the face above the 
eyes. 
Forel's commissure, decussation, field, for- 
nix (fo-relz') [Auguste Forel, Swiss neurologist, born 
1848]. See commissure, decussation, field, fornix. 
forensic medicine (for-en'sik) [L. foren'sis per- 
taining to the forum or market-place]. Medi- 
cine as applied to the questions arising in courts 
of law or justice; legal medicine, medical juris- 
prudence. 
foreskin (for'skin). The prepuce. 
fore top (for'top). The anterior portion of the mane 
of a horse covering the forehead. 
fore waters (for'wat-erz). The water that escapes 
in hydrorrhoea gravidarum. 
forgenin (for'jen-in). A crystalline salt, tetra- 
methyl ammonium formate, HCOO.N(CH3)4, a 
proprietary remedy used in neuropathic and 
arthritic disorders. FORLANINI'S TREATMENT 
437 
FORMULA 
Forlanini's treatment (for-lah-ne'nez) [Carlo 
Forlanini, Italian physician, 1847-1918]. See treat- 
ment. 
formacoil (for'mak-ol). A preparation of formal- 
dehyd and gelatin: antiseptic. 
Formad's kidney (for'madz) [Henry F. Formad, 
American physician, 1847-1892]. See under 
kidney. 
formadin (for'mad-in). An iodized condensation 
product of formaldehyd and salicylic acid contain- 
ing about 56 per cent, of iodin. •» 
formagen (for'maj-en). A proprietary dental ce- 
ment. 
formal (for'mal) [formic + alcohol]. Methylal or 
methylene dimethylate, CH3.(OCHg)2: a clear, 
fragrant liquid. It is anesthetic and hypnotic. 
Dose, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.). 
formalbumin (for-mal-bu'min). A formaldehyd 
and casein compound; a yellowish powder, used 
as a wound antiseptic. 
formaldehyd (for-mal'de-hid). Formic aldehyd, 
a powerfully disinfectant gas, HCHO. The gas 
is used as a disinfectant for rooms, clothing, etc. 
The aqueous solution is a colorless, volatile fluid: 
used as a surgical and general antiseptic and pre- 
servative. f.-gelatin, glutoformol. 
formalin (for'mal-in). A 40 per cent, solution of 
gaseous formaldehyd. It is used as an antiseptic 
and disinfectant in 1 : 2000 to 1 : 200 solutions, and 
as a fixing agent in histologic work. f.-gelatin. 
See glutol. 
formalina (for-mal-i'nah). Same as igazol. 
formalith (for'mal-ith). A porous block charged 
with formalin: disinfectant. 
formaloin (for-mal-o'in). A condensation product 
of formaldehyd and aloin combining the properties 
of both. 
formamid (for-mam'id). A colorless, oily liquid, 
HCONH2, allied to urea. Combined with chloral, 
it forms chloralamid. 
formamint (for'mam-int). A proprietary mixture 
of formaldehyd and milk-sugar for use in stomatitis 
and pharyngitis. 
forman (for'man). Chlormethyl-menthyl ether, 
C10H19O.CH2CI. The moisture of the air decom- 
poses it into formic aldehyd, menthol, and hydro- 
chloric acid. 
formanilid (for-man'il-id). A substance, HCO.- 
NHC8H5, resembling acetanilid: an anodyne, 
antipyretic, and local anesthetic. Dose, 3-5 gr. 
(0.195-0.333 gm.). 
formant (for'mant). In phonology, the special par- 
tial tone of constant pitch for each vowel. 
formasal (for'mas-al). A condensation product of 
formaldehyd and salicylic acid which is claimed to 
be methylene disalicylic acid. 
formaseptol (for-mas-ep'tol). A proprietary dis- 
infectant made of formaldehyd, thymol, benzoic 
acid, etc. 
formate (for'mat). Any salt of formic acid. 
formatio (for-ma'she-o). Latin for formation. 
f. al'ba, the light-colored middle part of the for- 
matio reticularis, f. claustra'lis, the fifth layer 
of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, f. 
gris'ea, the darker lateral part of the formatio 
reticularis, f. reticula'ris, the intercrossing 
of fibers in the anterior columns of the oblongata, 
formative (for'mat-iv). Concerned in the orig- 
ination of an organism, part, or tissue. 
formatol (for'mat-ol). A disinfectant dusting- 
powder containing formaldehyd. 
formes frustes (form frust) [Fr.]. Atypical forms 
of a disease. 
formeston (for-mes'ton). Basic aluminum aceto- 
formate. 
formic acid (for'mik). See acid. 
formication (for-mik-a'shun) [L. formi'ca ant]. 
A sensation like that produced by ants and other 
insects crawling over the skin. 
formice (for'mis) [form + ice]. A proprietary 
white, solid substance which, when dissolved in 
water, produces a very low temperature. It is 
employed in therapeutic refrigeration. 
formiciasis (for-mis-i'as-is) [L. formi'ca ant]. The 
condition resulting from ant bites, usually marked 
only by itching, inflammation, and swelling; but 
the bites of large tropical ants may produce faint- 
ness, shivering, and paralysis. 
formicin (for'mis-in). Formaldehyd acetamid, 
CH3.CO.NH.CH2.OH: used as a disinfectant and 
antiseptic. 
formidin (for'mid-in). A proprietary antiseptic 
powder for wounds and internal use, said to be 
iodid of methylene-disalicylic acid. 
formilase (for'mil-as). A ferment which converts 
acetic acid into unstable formic acid. 
formin (for'min). Urotropin or hexamethylene- 
tetramin; a crystalline substance, (CH2)gN4, sol- 
uble in water and alcohol, nearly insoluble in 
ether. It is antiseptic, diuretic, and a solvent of 
uric acid. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
formitrol (for'mit-rol). A proprietary mixture of 
formaldehyd, menthol, citric acid, and milk-sugar: 
used in stomatitis and pharyngitis. 
formobas (for'mo-bas). A proprietary formalde- 
hyd preparation. 
formobor (for'mo-bor). A proprietary solution of 
formaldehyd and borax. 
formochlorol (for-mo-klo'rol). A formaldehyd 
preparation: when heated under pressure it gives 
out a vapor of formaldehyd. 
formocresol (for-mo-kre'sol). A mixture of equal 
parts of formalin and cresol: used in dentistry to 
treat putrescent dental pulps. 
formoforin, formoform (for-mo-fo'rin, for'mo- 
form). A mixture of formaldehyd, thymol, zinc 
oxid, and starch: a powder for perspiring feet, and 
an external disinfectant. 
formol (for'mol). A commercial name for a solution 
of formaldehyd in wood-alcohol and water: anti- 
septic. 
formolid (for'mo-lid). An antiseptic solution, con- 
taining, among other ingredients, 0.25 per cent, of 
formaldehyd and eucalyptol. 
formopyrin (for-mo-pi'rin). A combination of 
antipyrin and formaldehyd, methylene diantipyrin: 
antipyretic and antiseptic. 
formose (for'mos). A mixture of sugars having 
the formula C6H12O6, formed by polymerizing 
sugar. 
formoxid (for-mok'sid). A proprietary preparation 
of zinc oxid and formaldehyd for treating abscesses. 
formula (for'mu-lah) [L. dim. of for'ma form]. 
1. A prescribed method of preparing a medicine. 
2. A combination of symbols to express the chem- 
ic constitution of a body, acoustic f. Same 
as Brenner's f. Ambard's f., a formula for 
finding the urea index in kidney disease. It is 
' r = K. Ur stands for the 
^x¥xV| 
proportion of urea in the blood; D, for the total 
urea for twenty-four hours in grams; P, for the 
body-weight of the patient in kilograms; C, for 
the proportion of urea in the urine. Arne th's f., 
a formula showing the classification of the poly- 
morphonuclear leukocytes into five groups, depend- 
ing on the number of lobes (1 to 5) which the 
nucleus shows, and the percentage of each group in 
healthy persons. It is as follows: 1 lobe, 5 per 
cent.; 2 lobes, 35 per cent.; 3 lobes, 41 per cent.; 4 
lobes, 17 per cent.; 5 lobes, 2 per cent. Beck- 
KP 
mann's f., the formula, M = - , used in 
△ 
cryoscopy, in which M is the molecular weight of dissolved substances, K the constant for 
each solvent, P the percentage strength of the 
solution, and A the lowering of the freezing- 
point in degrees. Bird's f., the last two figures 
expressive of the specific gravity of urine nearly 
represent the number of grains of solids in each 
ounce. Black's f., the formula F = (W + C)-H. 
W is weight in pounds, C the chest measurement in 
inches at full inspiration, and H the height in 
inches. When F is over 120 a man is classed as 
very strong; between 110 and 120, strong; between 
100 and no, good; between 90 and 100, fair; be- 
tween 80 and 90, weak; under 80, very weak. Cf. 
Pignet's f. Brenner's f., the cathode being in 
the external meatus, a loud sound is heard on 
closing the circuit: intensity diminished during 
closure; sound ceasing when the circuit is 
broken. Anode in meatus, no sound on closing 
or during closure: weak sound at the break. 
Broca's f., a full-grown man weighs as many 
kilos as the number of centimeters by which his 
height exceeds 1 meter, chemic f., a graphic 
representation by symbols of the constitution of a 
molecule of any substance. Christison's f., 
Haser's f. Same as Trapp's f. constitutional 
f., a chemic formula showing by symbols the exact 
molecular structure of a substance, with the rela- 
tive positions of the atoms and radicals Called 
also graphic f., structural f., and systematic f. For 
example, H 
HC CH 
HC CH 
%c/ 
H 
is the constitutional formula for benzene de- 
composition f., a structural formula represent- 
ing the parts into which the molecule splits in 
chemic reactions. Demoivre's f., the expecta- 
tion of life is equal to two-thirds of the difference 
between the age of the person and eighty, dental 
f., a formula or combination of symbols which 
expresses the arrangement of teeth in jaws. 
Dreser's f., a formula showing the work done 
by the kidney, by comparing the molecular con- 
centration of the urine with that of the blood. 
Dubois' f., for calculating surface area, O = 
P° 425 X L°-725 X 71.84. P means weight, L 
means height of the body, electric f., a series of 
symbols expressing an electric reaction, empiric 
f., a chemic formula which shows the elements in a 
compound and their relative proportions without 
attempting to show the structure of the molecule 
extemporaneous f., a prescription for a pharma- 
ceutic preparation not kept in stock, but made up at 
the time of dispensing, glyptic f., an attempted 
graphic delineation of the arrangement and rela- 
tions of the atoms of a molecule, graphic f. 
See constitutional f. Haines' f., the last two 
figures of the specific gravity of a sample of urine 
multiplied by 1.1 gives the number of grains of 
solids in each fluidounce. Haser's f. See 
Trapp's f. Loebisch's f., multiply the last 
two figures of the specific gravity of the urine 
by 2.2: the product gives the number of grains 
of solids in 1000 c.c. of urine, magistral f., 
one prescribed by a physician to suit a special 
occasion. Mali's f., the age (in days) of an 
embryo is obtained by taking the square root of 
its length (in millimeters) from vertex to breech 
and multiplying by 100. McLean's f., a modi- 
fication of Ambard's formula, as follows: Index = 
gm. urea per 24 hrs. p gm. urea per L. of urine X 8.96 
weight in kilos X (gm. urea per L. of blood)2 
Meek's f., for calculating surface area O = 
Kj/P2. K is a constant (12.3), P is the weight of 
the body, molecular f., an expression that sets 
forth the supposed or theoretic construction of any 
special molecule, official f., one directed by a 
pharmacopeia, codex, dispensatory, or other 
FORMULA 
438 
recognized formulary. Pignet's f., the formula 
F = H-(C+W). H is height in centimeters, C the 
chest measurement in centimeters at greatest ex- 
piration, and W weight in kilograms. When F is 
less than io a person is very strong; between io 
and 15, strong; between 15 and 20, good; 20 and 25, 
medium; 25 and 30, weak; above 30, very weak. Cf. 
Black's f. Poisson-Pearson f., a formula for cal- 
culating the percentage of error in determining the 
endemic index of malaria: N is number of children 
under fifteen years in the locality; n is number exam- 
ined for the spleen-rate; x is the number having en- 
larged spleens; * = spleen-rate. The percentage of 
'. Ranke's 
n \ n V IV - 1 
f., A = specific gravity - 100 X 0.52 - 5.406, in 
which A is the amount in grams of the albumin per 
liter of a serous fluid, rational f., empiric 
formula. Reuss's f., E = j (S-1000) - 2.8. In 
this expression E stands for the percentage of albu- 
min in any given specimen of a pathologic fluid 
exudate or transudate, and S for its specific grav- 
ity. Runeberg's f., a modification of Reuss's 
formula in which for 2.8 there is substituted 2.73 
in case of a transudate and 2.88 in case of an in- 
flammatory exudate, stereochemic f. Same as 
glyptic f. structural f. See constitutional f. 
systematic f. See constitutional f. Trapp's f., 
Trapp-Haser f., to find the number of grains 
of solids in 1000 c.c. of urine, multiply the last two 
figures of the specific gravity by 2 (Trapp's coeffi- 
cient); or, according to some, by 2.33. unitary 
f. Same as empiric f. Van Slyke's f., a formula 
for obtaining the urinary coefficient of various sub- 
D 
stances: - in which D is daily 
Bl X V Wt X V 
output in grams of the substance in the urine; 
Bl, grams of some substance per liter of blood; 
Wt, weight of patient in kilograms; V, total urine in 
twenty-four hours, vertebral f., an expression 
in symbols of the number of vertebrae in each 
region of the spinal column. For man it is C7D12L5- 
S5Cd4 = 33. 
formulary (for'mu-lar-e). A collection of recipes, 
formulas, and prescriptions. National F., a col- 
lection of widely used and well-known prepara- 
tions omitted from the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 
formurol (for'mu-rol). A urinary disinfectant, 
being a combination of hexamethylenetetramin. 
formyl (for'mil) [L. for'mic + Gr. vXi] matter]. 
The radical, CHO or H.C : O-, of formic acid, 
f. phenetidin, colorless crystals, para-ethoxy- 
formanilid, C2H5O.CsH4.NH.COH: antiseptic and 
analgesic. Dose, 3-6 gr. (o.2-0.4 gm-)- f.- 
piperidin, an oily liquid with an aromatic, 
agreeable odor, produced from formamid and 
piperidin. 
Fornet's reaction (for-naz') [Walter Fornet, a 
contemporary German physician who published 
the reaction in 1903. See reaction. 
fornicate (for'nik-at) [L. fornica'tus arched]. 
Shaped like an arch. 
fornicolumn (foFnik-ol-um). The anterior pillar 
of the fornix. 
fornicommissure (for-nik-om'is-Qr). The com- 
missure of the fornix uteri. 
fornix (for'niks), pl.for'nices [L. "arch"]. 1. A band 
of white substance under the callosum, extending 
from the fimbria to the corpora mammillaria. It 
consists mainly of fibers connecting the hemi- 
spheres of the cerebrum. 2. Any vault-like space, 
anterior f., the recess between the cervix uteri 
and the anterior wall of the vagina, f. conjunc- 
ti'v® [B N A], a loose fold connecting the palpebral 
and bulbar conjunctivas, f. lon'gus of Forel, a 
band of fibers which perforate the corpus callosum 
and pass through the septum pellucidum. f. 
pharyn'gis [B N A], the vault of the pharynx, 
posterior f.,.the deep recess between the cervix 
FORNIX uteri and the posterior wall of the vagina, f. 
u'teri. See anterior f. and posterior f. f. vagi nae 
[BNA], Same asf. u'teri. 
Forster's operation (fers'terz) [Otfried Forster, 
German neurologist, born 1873]. See operation. 
Forster's photometer (fers'terz) [R. Forster, Ger- 
man ophthalmologist, 1825-1902]. See photometer. 
fortification spectrum. See spectrum. 
fortoin (for-to'in). Methylene-dicotoin; a yellow, 
crystalline combination of formaldehyd with 
cotoin: used in diarrhea, typhoid fever, and gon- 
orrhea. Dose, 4 gr. (0.266 gm.). 
fortose (for'tos). A proprietary food, rich in 
albumoses. 
fortossan (for'tos-an). A proprietary preparation 
of phytin, for the convenient exhibition of phos- 
phorus in cachexias of children. 
fossa (fos'ah), pl. fos'see [L. "ditch"]. A pit, 
depression, trench, fovea, or hollow, acetabular 
f. See acetabulum, adipose f., spaces contain- 
ing fat in the female breast just beneath the skin, 
amygdaloid f., the depression between the pillars 
of the fauces which lodges the tonsils, anconal 
f., anconeal f., the olecranon fossa, ante- 
cubital f., the triangular hollow in front of 
the elbow-joint, f. of anthelix, the triangular 
fossa, axillary f., the armpit. Biesiadecki's 
f., a recess of the peritoneum in the region of 
the psoas. muscles. Called also iliacosubfascial 
J. Broesike's f., a peritoneal recess in the 
mesojejunum behind the superior mesenteric 
artery. Called also parajejunal f. canine f., 
a depression on the external surface of the 
superior maxilla above and outside the canine- 
tooth socket, f. capitel'li, the depression for 
the head of the malleus, f. cap'itis fem'oris, 
a depression in the head of the femur for the 
attachment of the ligamentum teres, f. carot'- 
ica [B N A], the space limited by the infrahyoid 
muscles, anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid, 
posterior belly of the digastric, and the wall of the 
pharynx, cerebral f., any one of the depressions 
on each side of the floor of the cranial cavity, con- 
taining the frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, and the 
cerebellum, and distinguished respectively as an- 
terior, middle, and posterior, f. cer'ebri latera'- 
lis [BNA], sylvian fossa. Claudius' f., the 
triangular space that lodges the ovary: above it is 
the external iliac vein, the ureter below, and the 
round ligament in front. Called also ovarian f. 
condyloid f., f. condyloi'dea, a depression be- 
hind each condyle of the occipital bone, coronoid 
f., the cavity in the humerus which receives the 
coronoid process of the ulna, costal f., f. costa'- 
lis, the depression of a vertebra where it articulates 
with a rib. cranial f., any one of the three hol- 
lows in the base of the cranium for lobes of the 
brain, crural f. Same as femoral f. cubital f. 
1. Same as coronoid f. 2. The bend of the elbow, 
f. cys'tidis fel'leae, the fissure in the liver in 
which the gall-bladder is situated, digastric f., 
a depression of the mastoid bone attaching the di- 
gastric muscle, digital f. 1. See trochanteric f. 
2. A depression at the base of the inner surface of the 
mastoid process, direct f., one occurring at the 
primary point of the application of force, f. duc'- 
tus veno'si [B N A], a fossa on the under surface 
of the liver, between the caudate and left lobes, 
containing the remains of the ductus venosus of the 
fetus, duodenal f., inferior, a recess formed 
by a fold of peritoneum alongside the lower and ex- 
ternal part of the ascending portion of the duode- 
num. duodenal f., superior, a recess formed 
by a fold of peritoneum alongside the upper and ex- 
ternal part of the ascending portion of the duode- 
num. duodenojejunal f., ah oval pouch 
formed by a fold of peritoneum passing from the 
anterior wall of the terminal portion of the duode- 
num, and curving around to blend with the parietal 
peritoneum, epigastric f. 1. The urachal fossa. 
2. The pit of the stomach, ethmoid f., a groove 
FORSTER'S OPERATION 
439 
in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone in which 
lies the olfactory lobe, eustachian f., a groove 
in the petrous portion of the temporal bone in 
which lies a part of the eustachian tube, femoral 
f., a depression on the internal surface of the ab- 
dominal wall, corresponding to the location of the 
femoral ring. Gerdy's hyoid f., the supe- 
rior carotid triangle, f. glan'dulae lacrima'lis 
[B N A], the lacrimal fossa, glenoid f., the con- 
cavity of the temporal bone at the base of the 
zygomatic process: it forms part of the articu- 
lation of the lower jaw. Gruber's f., a diver- 
ticulum in the suprasternal space alongside of the 
inner end of the clavicle. Griiber-Landzert f., 
a recess in the peritoneum in the position of 
Jonnesco's fossa, extending downward behind the 
duodenojejunal angle. harderian f., the de- 
pression in which the harderian gland is lodged. 
Hartmann's f., the fossa ileocaecalis infima, f. 
hel'icis, the cavity between the helix and anthelix, 
f. hemiellip'tica, the uppermost of the two re- 
cesses in the forepart of the roof of the vestibule 
of the ear: it lodges the utriculus. f. hemis- 
phae'rica, a depression on the inner wall of the 
vestibular wall of the internal ear. hyaloid f., 
the patellar fossa, hypogastric f., a depression 
on the interior surface of the anterior abdom- 
inal wall, between the hypogastric folds, hypo- 
physeal f., the pituitary fossa, f. ileocseca'- 
lis infi ma, a peritoneal recess between the meso- 
appendix and Tuffier's inferior ligament, ileocolic 
f., a long, narrow, peritoneal fossa behind the ileo- 
colic fold, iliac f., external, a wide depression 
on the outer surface of the ilium, iliac f., inter- 
nal, a wide depression on the inner surface of the 
ilium, iliopectineal f., a depression between 
the iliopsoas and pectineus muscle in the center of 
Scarpa's triangle, incisive f., a depression in the 
superior maxillary bone above the incisor teeth; also 
a similar depression on the inferior maxillary bone 
below the incisor teeth, incudal f., a groove 
in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity lodg- 
ing the short limb of the incus, infraclavicular 
f., a space below the clavicle, and further bounded 
by the pectoralis major, deltoid, and pectoralis 
minor, infraduodenal f., a recess in the peri- 
toneum below the third portion of the duodenum, 
infraspinous f., the lower of the two recesses 
on the dorsal surface of the scapula, infra- 
temporal f., the zygomatic fossa, inguinal 
f., external, a depression on the internal surface 
of the anterior abdominal wall, corresponding to 
the position of the external abdominal ring, 
inguinal f., internal, a depression on the in- 
ternal surface of the anterior abdominal wall pro- 
duced by the ridges made by the obliterated epi- 
gastric artery and the urachus, inguinal f., 
middle, a depression on the internal surface of the 
anterior abdominal wall produced by the ridges 
made by the deep epigastric and obliterated hypo- 
gastric arteries, innominate f., a depression 
between the aryteno-epiglottic fold and the false 
vocal cord, intercondyloid f., the depression 
between the condyles of the femur, f. interme- 
socol'ica transver'sa, a recess of the perito- 
neum in the same situation as the duodenojejunal 
fossa, but extending transversely, interpedun- 
cular f., fossa of Tarini; a depression on the in- 
ferior surface of the mesencephalon, between the 
two cerebral peduncles, the floor of which is the 
posterior perforated space, ischiorectal f., a 
triangular space between the rectum and the 
tuberosity of the ischium. Jobert's f., the fossa 
in the popliteal region bounded above by the ad- 
ductor magnus and below by the gracilis and Sar- 
torius: best seen when the knee is bent and 
the thigh strongly rotated outward. Jonnesco's 
f., the duodenojejunal fossa, jugular f., f. 
jugula'ris [B N A], a depression in the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone behind the carotid 
canal, for the jugular vein, lacerate f., an irreg- 
ular shaped opening in the orbit just above the di- 
sphenoid. lacrimal f., a space in the roof of the 
FOSSA FOSSA 
440 
FOSSA 
Inferior duodenal fossa. 
Superior duodenal fossa. 
Fossa of Landzert 
Fossa of Griiber-Landzert. 
Infraduodenal fossa. 
Transverse intermesocolic fossa. 
Duodenojejunal fossa (Jonnesco) 
Double fossa of Waldeyer. 
Fossa of Treitz. 
Various Fossae (after Landouzy-Jayley 
orbit that lodges the lacrimal gland. Landzert's 
f., the paraduodenal fossa, lenticular f. See 
patellar f. Luschka's f., the ileocolic fossa. 
Malgaigne's f., the superior carotid triangle, 
mandibular f. Same as glenoid f. mastoid f., 
a depression on the inner surface of the mastoid por- 
tion of the temporal bone, for the lateral sinus, 
mesocranial f., middle cranial f., the two 
(right and left) median cranial fossae. Mohren- 
heim's f., the infraclavicular fossa, f. of Mor- 
gagni, the fossa navicularis of the urethra, 
myrtiform f., the incisive fossa of the superior 
maxilla, f. navicula'ris. 1. A cavity behind 
the vaginal aperture; fossa navicularis vestibuli 
vaginae [B N A]. 2. An expansion of the urethra 
in the glans penis. 3. The fossa between the helix 
and anthelix. 4. A depression on the internal 
pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, f. olec'- 
rani [B N A], olecranon f., a depression on the 
posterior surface of the humerus, above the troch- 
lea, for lodging the olecranon of the ulna, ol- 
factory f., a depression on the inner surface of 
the cranium for the olfactory lobes, f. ova'lis. 
i. [B N A] The saphenous opening in the thigh for 
the passage of the great saphenous vein. 2. A 
fovea in the right auricle of the heart, the remains 
of the fetal foramen ovale, paraduodenal f., 
a peritoneal recess above the mesocolic fold and 
extending along the duodenum, parajejunal 
f., a pouch of peritoneum below the lower end of 
the first part of the jejunum, parietal f., the 
deepest portion of the inner surface of the parietal 
bone, patellar f., the depression in the front 
of the vitreous body in which the lens is lodged. 
Called also hyaloid f. and lenticular f. petrosal 
f., a small depression on the inferior surface of 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone between 
the jugular fossa and the external carotid foramen. f. pharyn'gis, an abnormal congenital fossa 
in the middle line of the pharynx, producing irrita- 
tion of the larynx and catarrhal symptoms, pitui- 
tary f., a depression in the sphenoid bone lodging 
the pituitary body, popliteal f. 1. A depression 
on the posterior face of the femur near its distal end. 
2. The hollow at the back of the knee, pre- 
scapular f., prespinous f., a depression 
in the anterior surface of the spine of the scapula, 
f. provesica'lis. Same as f. ileoccecalis in- 
fima. pterygoid f., a fossa between the plates 
of the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid ante- 
riorly. pterygopalatine f., a small depression 
between the front of the root of the pterygoid 
process of the sphenoid bone and the back of the 
maxilla, radial f., a depression on the anterior 
surface of the humerus just above the radial head, 
retroduodenal f., a pouch of peritoneum below 
and behind the third portion of the duodenum, 
retromandibular f., the depression under the 
auricle behind the angle of the jaw. rhom- 
boid f., the floor of the fourth ventricle of the 
brain, made up of the dorsal surfaces of the 
medulla and pons. f. of Rolando, a groove 
marking the division between the parietal and 
frontal lobes of the brain. Rosenmuller's 
f., a depression in the pharynx on either side 
of the opening of the eustachian tube, sca- 
phoid f. 1. Same as f. helicis. 2. A fossa at 
the base of the internal plate of the pterygoid proc- 
ess of the sphenoid, f. scaphoi'dea. Same as f. 
helicis. f. scar'pae ma'jor [B N A], Scarpa's 
triangle. See triangle, subarcuate f., a fossa in 
the posterior inner surface of the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone, beneath the protrusion of the 
semicircular canal, subcecal f., a depression 
formed by a pouch of peritoneum on the under side 
of the cecum, subinguinal f., the depression in 
the anterior surface of the thigh beneath the 
groin, sublingual f., the space on the in- 
side of the lower jaw that lodges the sublingual 
gland, submaxillary f., the depression on the 
inner surface of the inferior maxillary bone for 
the submaxillary gland, subpyramidal f., a fossa 
on the internal wall of the middle ear, behind the 
round window and below the pyramid, subscap- 
ular f., the concave ventral surface of the body of 
the scapula, subsigmoid f., a fossa included 
between the mesentery of the sigmoid flexure 
and that of the descending colon, supraclavic- 
ular f., the depression on either side of the neck 
behind the clavicle, f. supraclavicula'ris 
mi'nor, Zang's space. See space, supracon- 
dyloid f., a depression on the femur between the 
internal tuberosity and the internal supracondy- 
loid tubercle, supramastoid f., a small de- 
pression at the junction of the posterior and supe- 
rior borders of the external auditory canal, su- 
praspinous f., the upper of the two hollows on 
the posterior surface of the scapula, supra- 
tonsillar f., the space between the anterior 
and posterior pillars of the fauces above the 
tonsil, sylvian f., a depression of the cerebral 
hemispheres between the arms of the fissure of 
Sylvius; its bottom is occupied by the island of 
Reil or central lobe. Tarin's f., the interpe- 
duncular fossa, temporal f., the area on the side 
of the cranium between the temporal lines and 
ending below at the level of the zygomatic arch, 
tonsillar f. Same as amygdaloid f. f. of 
Treitz. Same as duodenojejunal f. trian- 
gular f., f. triangula'ris, the fossa just 
above the concha of the ear between the branches 
of the anthelix, trochanteric f., a fossa in 
the femur for attachment of the obturator in- 
ternus. f. trochlea'ris, a notch in the frontal 
bone for the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle, 
urachal f., a depression on the inner surface of the 
anterior abdominal wall, between the urachus and 
the hypogastric artery, f. ve'nae ca'vse [B N A], 
a groove on the lower surface of the liver contain- 
ing the inferior vena cava, f. ve'nae umbilica'- 
lis [B N A], the umbilical fissure of the liver, f. 
FOSSA 
441 
veno'sa, a fold of peritoneum situated at the duo- 
denojejunal angle, f. vesi'cae fel'leae, a de- 
pression on the under surface of the liver lodging 
the gall-bladder. Waldeyer's f., the two duo- 
denal fossae considered as one. (See illustration on 
p. 417.) zygomatic f., the cavity below and 
within the zygoma. 
fossette (fos-et') [Fr.]. 1. A small depression. 
2. A small and deep corneal ulcer. 
fossula (fos'u-lah). Any one of the many slight 
depressions in the surface of the brain, f. fenes'- 
trae coch leae [B N A], a depression on the inner 
wall of the tympanum at the bottom of which is 
the fenestra rotunda, f. fenes'trae vestib'uli 
[B N A], a depression on the inner wall of the 
tympanum at the bottom of which is the fenestra 
ovalis. f. petrosa [B N A], the petrosal fossa. 
See fossa. 
fossulate (fos'u-lat). Marked by a small fossa; 
hollowed or grooved. 
Fothergill's disease or neuralgia, pill (foth'er- 
gilz) [John Fothergill, English physician, 1712- 
1780]. See under disease and pill. 
foudroyant (foo-drwah-yaw') [Fr.]. Fulminant, 
foulage (foo-lahzh'). Massage in which the muscles 
are kneaded and pressed. 
foul-brood (fowl-brood). A contagious disease of 
honey bees caused by Bacillus alvei. 
founder (fown'der). The crippled condition of a 
horse afflicted with laminitis. chest f., founder 
accompanied by atrophy of the chest muscles, 
grain f., a condition of indigestion or overloaded 
stomach in the horse, due to overeating. 
fourchet, fourchette (foor-shet') [Fr. fourchette}.• 
The fold of mucous membrane at the posterior 
junction of the labia majora. 
Fournier's disease, sign (foor-ne-az') [Jean 
Alfred Fournier, dermatologist in Paris, 1832-1914]. 
See disease and sign. 
fourth disease (forth). See under disease. 
fovea (fo've-ah), pl. fo'vea [L. "pit"]. A pit, fossa, 
or cup: applied to various depressions in the 
structure of the body, especially the fovea centralis 
of the retina, f. ante'rior, a depression in the 
floor of the fourth ventricle, opposite the upper 
part of the funiculus teres, f. cap'itis fem'oris 
[B N A], a depression on the head of the femur 
where the ligamentum teres is attached, f. 
cardi'aca, the opening of the foregut into the 
archenteric space of the embryo, f. centra'lis. 
1. A pit in the middle of the macula lutea; called 
also f. centralis retince [B N A]. 2. A pit in the floor 
of the fourth ventricle between the two eminentia 
teres, f. costa'lis, a facet on the body of a 
vertebra for articulation with the head of a rib. 
f. costa'lis transversa'lis [B N A], a facet on 
the transverse process of a vertebra for articulation 
with the tubercle of a rib. f. exter'na, a depres- 
sion in the external limiting membrane over the 
fovea centralis, f. femora'lis [BNA], the fem- 
oral fossa, f. hemiellip'tica. Same as fossa 
hemielliptica. f. hemisphae'rica. Same as fossa 
hemisphcerica. f. infe'rior, a depression on the 
floor of the fourth ventricle at the site of the vagus 
area, f. inguina'lis latera'lis [B N A], the 
external inguinal fossa, f. inguina'lis media'- 
lis [B N A], the middle inguinal fossa, f. jug- 
ula'ris, the depression at the base of the neck 
between the sternal origins of the sternomastoid 
muscles, f. oblonga'ta cartilag'inis ary- 
taenoi'dea [B N A], a depression on the external 
surface of the arytenoid cartilage separated from 
the fovea triangularis above by the crista arcuata. 
f. pharyn'gis. Same as fossa pharyngis. f. 
poste'rior, a depression external to the lower 
end of the funiculus teres, f. sublingua'lis 
[B N A], the sublingual fossa, f. submaxilla'- 
ris [B N A], the submaxillary fossa, f. supe'- 
rior [B N A], a pit in the superior triangle of the 
fourth ventricle marking the position of the tri- 
FOVEA geminal nucleus; called also /. trigemini, f. 
supravesica'lis [B N A], the internal inguinal 
fossa, f. triangularis cartilag'inis ary- 
tsenoi'dea [B N A], a depression on the external 
surface of the arytenoid cartilage separated from 
the fovea oblongata below by the crista arcuata. 
f. trigem'ini. See/. superior, f. trochlea'ris 
[B N A], a depression on the orbital plate of the 
frontal bone for the attachment of the trochlea of 
the superior oblique muscle, f. va'gi. Same as 
/. inferior. 
foveate (fo've-at) [L. fovea'tus\. Pitted. 
foveation (fo-ve-a'shun). A pitted condition. 
foveola (fo-ve'o-lah) [L.]. A small pit or depres- 
sion. f. coccyg'ea [B N A], a depression over the 
coccyx, f. gas'trica [B N A], one of the numerous 
pits in the gastric mucosa marking the openings of 
the gastric glands, f. granula'ris [B N A], a 
pacchionian depression. 
Foville's syndrome, tract (fo-velz') (Achille 
Louis Foville, French neurologist, 1799-1878]. See 
syndrome and tract. 
fowl-cholera. See under cholera. 
Fowler's operation, position (fow'lerz) [George 
Ryerson Fowler, American surgeon, 1848-1906]. 
See under operation and position. 
Fowler-Murphy treatment [G. R. Fowler (see 
above) and J. B. Murphy (q. v.)]. See under treat- 
ment. 
Fowler's solution (fow'lerz) (Thomas Fowler, 
English physician, 1736-1801]. See solution. 
fowl-pest. See fowl-plague, under plague. 
fowl-plague. See under plague. 
fowl-pox. See epithelioma contagiosum. 
fowl-septicemia. See under septicemia. 
foxglove (foks'gluv). See Digitalis. 
Fox'ia manso'ni. A fungus which causes Tinea 
nigra. 
F. p. Abbreviation for L. fi'at po'tio, let a portion 
be made. 
F. pil. Abbreviation for L. fi'ant pil'ula, let pills be 
made. 
F. R. Abbreviation for flocculation reaction. See 
Sach-Georgi test, under test. 
Fract. dos. Abbreviation for L. frac'ta do'si, in 
divided doses. 
fractional (frak'shun-al) [L. frac'tio a breaking]. 
Accomplished by repeated divisions. 
fracture (frakt'ur) (L. fractu'ra, from fran'gere 
to break]. 1. The breaking of a part, especially 
of a bone. 2. A break or rupture in a bone, 
articular f., a fracture of the joint surface of a 
bone, automobile f. Same as chauffeur's f. 
Barton's f., fracture of the distal end of the ra- 
dius. Bennett's f., a longitudinal fracture of the 
first metacarpal bone running into the carpo- 
metacarpal joint and complicated by subluxation. 
Called also stave of the thumb, butterfly f., a 
comminuted fracture in which there are two frag- 
ments on each side of a main fragment, somewhat 
resembling the wings of a butterfly, buttonhole 
f., fracture in which the bone is perforated by 
a missile, capillary f., a hair-like fracture, 
chauffeur's f., fracture of the radius or carpus, 
due to sudden and violent reversing of the starting 
crank of an automobile engine during cranking, 
chisel f., oblique detachment of a piece from 
the head of the radius, cleavage f. {Absch- 
dlungsfractur), shelling off of cartilage with a small 
fragment of bone from the upper surface of the 
capitellum humeri (Kocher), closed f., a simple 
fracture. Colles' f., fracture of the lower 
third of the radius, comminuted f., one in 
which the bone is splintered, complete f., one 
in which the bone is entirely broken across, com- 
plicated f., fracture with injury of the adjacent 
parts, compound f., one in which there is an 
external wound leading to the break of the bone. 
FOVEATE 
442 
f. by contrecoup, a fracture of the skull at a 
distance from the point struck, depressed f., a 
fracture of the skull in which a fragment is depressed 
below the surface, direct f., a fracture at the 
point of injury, double f., fracture of a bone 
in two places. Dupuytren's f. See Pott's f. 
Duverney ' s f., fracture of the ilium just below the 
anterior superior spine, f. en coin (aw kwah), 
a V-shaped fracture. f. en rave (aw rahv) 
[Fr. "radish fracture"], a fracture in which the 
break is. transverse at the surface, but not with- 
in. epiphyseal f., fracture at the point of 
union of an epiphysis with the shaft of a bone, 
extracapsular f., a fracture of the humerus or 
femur outside of the capsular ligament, fissured 
f., a linear fracture. Gosselin's f., a V- 
shaped fracture of the distal end of the tibia, 
extending into the ankle-joint, greenstick 
f., fracture in which one side of a bone is broken, 
the other being bent; an infraction, grenade- 
thrower's f., fracture of the humerus caused by 
muscular contraction in throwing a grenade, gut- 
ter-f., a fracture of the skull in which the de- 
pression is elliptic in form, hickory-stick f. 
Same as greenstick f. impacted f., fracture in 
which one fragment is firmly driven into the other, 
incomplete f., one which does not entirely de- 
stroy the continuity of the bone, indirect f., 
a fracture at a point distant from the seat or 
injury, interperiosteal f., incomplete of 
greenstick fracture, intra-articular f., a frac- 
ture of the articular surface of a bone, in- 
tracapsular f., one within the capsule of a 
joint, intraperiosteal f., a fracture without 
rupture of the periosteum, intra-uterine f., 
a fracture occurring to the fetus in utero. joint 
f. See articular f. linear f., a fracture ex- 
tending lengthwise of the bone, longitudinal 
f., a break in a bone extending in a longitud- 
inal direction. Moore's f., fracture of the lower 
end of the radius, with dislocation of the head of the 
ulna and imprisonment of the styloid process be- 
neath the annular ligaments, multiple f., a 
variety in which there are two or more lines of 
fracture of the same bone not communicating 
with each other, oblique f., fracture in which 
the break extends in an oblique direction, open 
f., a compound fracture, partial f., an incom- 
plete fracture, perforating f., a buttonhole 
fracture, pertrochanteric f., fracture of the 
femur passing through the great trochanter, 
pond-f., fracture of the skull in which a fissure 
circumscribes the radiating lines, giving the de- 
pressed area a circular form, pot-lid f., frac- 
ture of the skull running completely around it so 
as to separate the calvarium from the remainder 
of the bone. Pott's f., fracture of the lower 
part of the fibula, with serious injury of the lower 
tibial articulation, usually a chipping off of a portion 
of the inner malleolus, or rupture of the internal 
lateral ligament, propeller f., fracture of the 
humerus caused by the propeller of an aeroplane, 
radish f. See/, en rave, resecting f., a frac- 
ture in which a piece of the bone is taken out, as 
by a rifle-ball, secondary f., a fracture occur- 
ring as a result of weakening of the bone by dis- 
ease. Shepherd's f., fracture of the astragalus, 
with detachment of the outer protecting edge, 
silver-fork f., fracture of the lower ends of the 
radius: so called from the shape of the deformity 
that it causes, simple f., one in which the over- 
lying integument is intact. Skillern's f., com- 
plete fracture of the lower third of the radius with 
greenstick fracture of the lower third of the ulna. 
Smith's f., a fracture of the lower end of the 
radius near its articular surface, spiral f., one in 
which the bone has been twisted apart, splin- 
tered f., a comminuted fracture with thin, sharp 
fragments, spontaneous f., one occurring as a 
result of disease of a bone or from some undis- 
coverable cause, and not due to violence, sprain- 
f., the separation of a tendon or ligament from its 
insertion, taking with it a piece of bone, stellate 
FRACTURE FRACTURE 
443 
FRACTURE 
Partial or greenstick fracture 
of the radius. 
Spiral fracture of the femur 
Intercondyloid fracture Comminuted perforating gunshot 
of the femur. fracture of the head of the humerus. 
Impacted fracture of the base of the neck of the femur. 
Compound fracture. 
Pott's fracture. 
Colles s fracture, showing characteristic deformity (silver-fork deformity) 
at the wrist, due to backward displacement of the lower fragment. 
Partial fracture of the 
ulna: T-shaped line of 
fracture. 
Comminuted fracture of 
the tibia. f., a fracture with a central point of injury, from 
which radiate numerous fissures, subcutaneous 
f., a simple fracture, torsion f. See spiral f. 
transverse f., a fracture at right angles to the 
axis of the bone, trophic f., one due to a trophic 
disturbance, ununited f., one not followed by 
bony union. Wagstaffe's f., separation of the 
internal malleolus, willow f. Same as green- 
stick f. 
fraenulum, fraenum, etc. (fren'u-lum, fre'num). 
See frenulum, frenum, etc. 
fragilitas (fraj-il'it-as) [L.]. Brittleness, f. crin'- 
ium, a brittle condition of the hair, f. os'sium, 
abnormal brittleness of the bones, f. san'guinis. 
See fragility of the blood. 
fragility (fraj-il'it-e). Brittleness, f. of the 
blood, increased susceptibility of the blood-cor- 
puscles to split up on alteration of the proportion of 
the saline contents of the blood. 
fragmentation (frag-men-ta'shun). A division 
into fragments, f. of myocardium, transverse 
rupture of the muscle-fibers of the heart. 
fragments, Spengler's (frag'ments). Small 
round bodies seen in tuberculous sputum. 
frambesia, frambcesia (fram-be'ze-ah) [L. fram- 
boe'sia raspberry]. The yaws; a contagious dis- 
ease of the skin occurring in hot regions and 
marked by raspberry-like excrescences on the 
face, hands, feet, and around the external gen- 
itals. These excrescences may run together in 
fungus-like masses, may form pustules, or may be- 
come ulcerated. The disease is said to affect 
chiefly young negroes, and is caused by a protozoan 
organism, Trepone'ma per ten'ue. 
frambesioma, framboesioma (fram-be-ze-o'- 
mah). The primary lesion of frambesia consisting 
of a large single projecting nodule. 
frames, Deiters' terminal (framz). Plates in 
the lamina reticularis uniting Deiters' phalanges 
with the cells of Hensen. 
Francke's sign, symptom (frang'kez) [Karl 
Ernst Francke, German physician, born 1859]. See 
sign and symptom. 
frangula (fran'gu-lah) [L.]. The laxative bark 
of Rham'nus fran'gula, or alder-buckthorn, which 
contains the glucosid frangulin. Dose of extract, 
15-60 gr. (1-4 gm.); of fluidextract, 10-20 min. 
(0.666-1.333 c.c.). 
frangulin (fran'gu-lin). A purgative principle, 
C20H2o010, from frangula. Dose, 15-3 gr. (0.099- 
0.198 gm.). 
Franke's operation (frang'kez) [Walther Franke, 
German surgeon, born 1862]. See operation. 
Frankel's pneumococcus, sign (frenk'elz) [Al- 
bert Frankel, German physician, 1848-1916]. See 
pneumococcus, sign. 
Frankel's test (fren'kelz) [Bernhard Frankel, Ger- 
man laryngologist, 1837-1911]. See tests. 
Frankenhauser's ganglion (frank'en-hoy-zerz) 
[Ferdinand Frankenhduser, German gynecologist, 
died 1894]. See ganglion. 
frankincense (frank'in-sens) [L. fran'cum incen'- 
sum, pure incense]. Olibanum; also the turpen- 
tine of various species of pine. See olibanum. 
Franklin glasses (frank'lin) [named after Benja- 
min Franklin]. Spectacles in which the glasses 
consist of two half-lenses, the lower one for close 
work and the upper for distant vision. 
franklinism (frank'lin-izm). 1. Static or fric- 
tional electricity. 2. Franklinization. 
franklinization (frank"lin-iz-a'shun). The ther- 
apeutic use of static electricity. 
Frasera (fra'zer-ah) [after John Fraser, 1750-1817]. 
1. A genus of gentianaceous plants. 2. The ropt of 
F. wal'teri, or American calumba: a bitter tonic. 
Dose of fluidextract, 20-60 min. (1.333-4 c.c.). 
fraserin (fra'zer-in). A concentration prepared 
FRXENULUM 
444 
from Fra'sera wal'teri: tonic, astringent, and 
stimulant. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.). 
Fraunhofer's lines (frown'hof-erz) [Joseph von 
Fraunhofer, German optician, 1787-1826]. See line. 
Fraxinus (fraks'in-us) [L.]. A genus of trees. See 
ash and manna. 
F.R.C.P. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Royal Col- 
lege of Physicians. 
F.R.C.S. Abbreviation of Fellow of the Royal Col- 
lege of Surgeons. 
freckle (frek'l). See lentigo. 
Fredericq's sign (fra-da-reks') [Louis Auguste 
Fredericq, Belgian physician, 1815-1853]. See sign. 
free-martin. A sterile female calf born as a twin 
to a male calf. 
freezing-mixture, freezing-point. See mix- 
ture and point. 
frejarol (fre'jar-ol). An aromatic ethereal oil de- 
rived from the frejar, an East Indian tree: useful 
in skin diseases. 
fremitus (frem'it-us) [LJ. A thrill or vibration, 
especially one that is perceptible on palpation, 
bronchial f. Same as rhonchal f. friction-f., 
the thrill caused by the rubbing together of two 
dry surfaces, hydatid f., a tremulous impulse 
felt on palpation over a hydatid cyst, pericar- 
dial f., a thrill of the chest-wall due to the friction 
of the surfaces of the pericardium over each other, 
pleural f., a vibration of the wall of the thorax 
due to friction of the opposing surfaces of the pleura 
over each other, rhonchal f., vibrations pro- 
duced by the passage of air through a large bron- 
chial tube filled with mucus, subjective f., 
a thrill felt by the patient on humming with his 
mouth closed, tactile f., a thrill, as in the chest- 
wall, which may be felt by a hand applied to the 
thorax while the patient is speaking, tussive f., 
a thrill felt on the chest when the patient coughs, 
vocal f., a thrill caused by speaking, and per- 
ceived by the ear of the auscultator applied to the 
chest. 
frenal (fre'nal). Pertaining to the frenum. 
Frenkel's movements or treatment (frenk'elz) 
[H. S. Frenkel, contemporary Swiss physician]. 
See under movement. 
frenosecretory (fre-no-se'kre-to-re) [L» free'num 
bridle + secretory]. Exercising an inhibitory or 
restraining power over the secretions. 
frenotomy (fre-not'o-me) [L. frce'num frenum 4- 
Gr. Tojm) a cutting]. The cutting of the fraenum 
linguae for tongue-tie. 
frenulum, fraenulum (fren'u-lum) [L.]. 1. A 
small frenum. 2. A median ridge on the upper 
part of the valve of Vieussens extending to the cor- 
pora quadrigemina. f. lin'guae [B N A], a band 
extending from the posterior lamina of the lingula 
over the peduncles of the cerebellum, f. pu- 
den'di, the fourchet. f. ve'li. Same as frenulum 
(2d def.). 
frenum, fraenum (fre'num), L. pl., fra'no. [L. 
"bridle"]. A fold of the integument or of the 
mucous membrane that checks, curbs, or limits the 
movements of an organ in part, frae'na labio'- 
rum, folds of mucous membrane on the inside of 
the middle of each lip, connecting the lips with the 
gums. f. lin'guae, a vertical fold of mucous mem- 
brane under the tongue. Macdowel's f., a 
group of fibers attached to the tendon of the pec- 
toralis muscle and strengthening the intermuscular 
septum, f. of Morgagni, a fold formed by the 
joined extremities of the ileocolic valve, extending 
partly around the interior of the colon, f. of the 
prepuce, the fold on the lower surface of the 
glans penis that connects it with the prepuce, f. 
puden'di, the fourchet. 
frenzy (fren'ze) [Gr. tppewqais]. Violent maniacal 
excitement. 
frequency (fre'kwen-se). The number of vibra- 
tions made by a particle or ray in one second; also 
FREQUENCY FRERICHS' THEORY 
445 
FRUCTOSE 
the number of alterations in the direction of a 
current in one second, f. of a class. See class. 
Frerichs' theory (fra'riks) [Friedrich Theodor 
Frerichs, Berlin physician, 1819-1885]. See theory. 
fretum halleri (fre'tum hal'er-i) [L. fretum strait]. 
A constriction between the auricles and ventricles 
of the fetal heart. 
Freud's cathartic method, theory (froyds) 
[Sigmund Freud, neurologist in Vienna, born 1856]. 
See catharsis and theory. 
Freudian (froi'de-an). 1. Pertaining to Sigmund 
Freud and his doctrines regarding the causes of 
certain nervous disorders, that they are based on 
the existence of unconscious sexual impressions, 
and that the cure of such disorders can be secured 
by bringing these impressions into the conscious- 
ness by psycho-analysis; the term also is applied to 
the theory that dreams are the expression under 
symbolic forms of suppressed wishes, many of 
which are of a sexual nature. See unconscious and 
psycho-analysis. 2. One who follows the teaching 
and theories of Sigmund Freud. 
Freund's anomaly, reaction (froynds) [Her- 
mann Wolfgang Freund, German gynecologist, 
born 1859]. . See anomaly, reaction. 
Freund's law, operation (froynds) [Wilhelm 
Alexander Freund, German gynecologist, 1833- 
1917]. See law, operation. 
Frey's hairs (friz) [Max von Frey, German physi- 
cian, born 1852]. See under hair. 
Freyer's operation (fri'erz) [Sir Peter Johnson 
Freyer, British surgeon, 1852-1921]. See operation. 
friable (fri'ab-l) [L. friab'ilis]. Easily pulverized 
or crumbled. 
Fricke's bandage (frik'ez) [Fricke, German sur- 
geon, 1790-1841]. See under bandage. 
friction (frik'shun) [L. fric'tio]. The act of rub- 
bing; attrition, f.-fremitus. See fremitus, f.- 
murmur, f.-sound, the sound heard in auscul- 
tation caused by rubbing together of adjacent 
structures, as of the pericardium in pericarditis, 
the pleura in pleurisy, and the peritoneum in 
peritonitis, f.-sound, Beatty-Bright's, the 
friction-sound caused by inflammation of the 
pleura. 
Friedlander's bacillus (fred'len-derz) [Carl 
Friedlander, German pathologist, 1847-1887]. See 
under bacillus. 
Friedlander's disease (fred'len-derz) [MaxFried- 
lander, German physician, born 1841]. Endarte- 
ritis obliterans. 
Friedmann's disease (fred'mahnz) [Max Fried- 
mann, contemporary German physician]. See 
disease. 
Friedmann's treatment (fred'mahns) [Friedrich 
Franz Friedmann, contemporary Berlin physician]. 
See under treatment. 
Friedreich's ataxia, disease, sign, etc. (fred'- 
riks) [Nikolaus Friedreich, German physician, 1825- 
1882]. See ataxia, disease, sign, etc. 
friente (fre-en'te). An erythematous dermatitis 
common among wood choppers and field workers, 
and probably caused by Ustilago hypodytes or by 
Aclerda berlesei. 
frigidity (frij-id'it-e). Coldness; especially sexual 
indifference. 
frigo (frig'o) [L. fri'gor cold]. An apparatus for 
preserving a serum by freezing it. 
frigolabile (fri-go-la'bll) [L. fri'gor cold + lab'ilis 
unstable]. Easily affected or destroyed by cold. 
frigorific (frig-or-if'ik) [L. frigorif'icus}. Producing 
coldness. 
frigorism (frig'or-izm) [L. fri'gor, cold]. A condi- 
tion due to circulatory disturbance from long ex- 
posure to cold, local f. See trench-foot, under 
foot. 
frigostable, frigostabile (fri-go-sta'bl) [L. fri'gor 
cold + sta'bilis firm]. Resistant to cold or low tem- 
perature. 
frigotherapy (frig-o-theFap-e) [L. fri'gor cold + 
therapy], The treatment of disease by cold. 
frigusin (frig'u-sin). Diiodolaricinic acid, used as 
an adhesive varnish, from which iodin is given off. 
It is employed in wounds, like iodin. 
frina (fre'nah). Furunculus orientalis. 
Frisch's bacillus (frish'ez) [Anton Frisch, con- 
temporary German physician]. See bacilhis. 
frit (frit). The imperfectly fused material used as 
a basis for making glass. From it the glazed por- 
tion of artificial teeth is made. 
Fritsch's catheter (frit'shes) [Heinrich Fritsch, 
German gynecologist, 1844-1915]. See catheter. 
frog (frog). The band of horny substance in the 
middle of the sole of a horse's foot, dividing into 
two branches and running toward the heel in the 
form of a fork. Cohnheim's f., salt f., a frog 
from which the blood has been removed and re- 
placed by normal salt solution, rheoscopic f., 
the condition obtained when the nerve of a muscle- 
nerve preparation is laid across a contracting mus- 
cle, causing the muscle in the former to contract, 
and thus ascertaining the passage of an electric 
current, as in the rheoscope. 
frog-belly (frog'bel-e). A semi tympanitic state 
of the abdomen in rickety children. 
frog-face (frog'fas). Flatness of the face due to 
intranasal disease. 
frog-stay, (frog'sta). See spine. 
Frohlich's syndrome (fra'liks) [Alfred Frohlich, 
contemporary Austrian neurologist]. See under 
syndrome. 
Frohn's reagent (frohnz) [Damianus Frohn, Ger- 
man physician, born 1843]. See reagent. 
Fro in's syndrome (fro wan'). See under syndrome. 
frolement (frol-maw') [Fr.]. 1. A rustling sound 
often heard in auscultation in disease of the peri- 
cardium. 2. A massage movement consisting of 
light brushing with the palm of the hand. 
Frommann's lines (from'anz) [Carl Frommann, 
anatomist in Heidelberg, 1831-1892]. See lines. 
Frommel's operation (from'elz) [Richard From- 
mel, German gynecologist, 1854-1912]. See opera- 
tion. 
frons (fronz) [L.]. The forehead. 
frontad (fron'tad). Toward a frontal aspect. 
frontal (fron'tal) [L. fronta'lis], Pertaining to 
the forehead. 
frontalis (fron-ta'lis). See muscles, table of. 
frontomalar (fron-to-ma'lar). Pertaining to the 
frontal and malar bones. 
frontomaxillary (fron-to-maks'il-a-re). Pertain- 
ing to the frontal bone and the upper jaw. 
frontonasal (fron-to-na'zal). Pertaining to the 
frontal sinus and the nose. 
fronto-occipital (fron"to-ok-sip'it-al). Pertain- 
ing to the forehead and the occiput. 
frontoparietal (fron"to-par-i'et-al). Pertaining to 
the frontal and parietal bones. 
frontotemporal (fron-to-tem'po-ral). Pertaining 
to the frontal and temporal bones. 
front-tap contraction. See contraction. 
Froriep's ganglion (fro'reps) [August von 
Froriep, German anatomist, 1849-1917]. See 
ganglion. 
frost-bite (frawst'blt). The lesion produced by 
the freezing of a part. 
frost-itch (frawst'itsh). See pruritus hiemalis. 
fructolax (fruk'to-laks) \L,.fruc'tus fruit + laxative]. 
A proprietary mechanical laxative consisting of hy- 
drocarbon jelly flavored with fruit. 
fructose (fruk'tos) [L. fruc'tus fruit]. Levulose, 
or fruit-sugar, a ketohexose, CHs0H.(CH0H)3.- 
CO.CH2OH, found in all sweet fruits. FRUCTOSID 
446 
FUNGOSITY 
fructosid, fructoside (fruk'to-sid). A compound 
which bears the same relation to fructose as a 
glucosid does to glucose. 
fructosuria (fruk-to-su're-ah) [fructose + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of fructose in the urine. 
fruit (frut) [L. fruc'tus], The developed ovary of a 
plant, including the seed and its envelops. 
Frust. Abbreviation for L. frustilla'tim, in small 
pieces. 
frustrate (frus'trat) [L. frus'tra in vain]. A feeble 
contraction of the ventricle of the heart which can- 
not be felt at the wrist, producing an impression 
of intermittent pulsations. 
frutarian (fru-ta're-an). A person whose diet 
consists chiefly of fruits. 
frutarianism (fru-ta're-an-izm). The use of an 
exclusively fluid diet. 
F. s. a. Abbreviation for L. fi'at secun'dum ar'tern, 
let it be made skilfully. 
Ft., ft. An abbreviation for L. fi'at or fi'ant, let 
there be made. 
Ft. mas. div. in pil. Abbreviation for L. fi'at 
mas'sa dividen'da in pil'ulas, let a mass be made and 
divided into pills. 
Ft. pulv. Abbreviation for L. fi'at pul'vis, let a 
powder be made. 
Fuchs' coloboma (fooks) [Ernst Fuchs, German 
oculist, born 1851]. See coloboma. 
fuchsin (fook'sin) [named for L. Fuchs}. Anilin- 
red; a name for several coloring-matters derived 
from anilin, but especially applied to rdsanilin hy- 
drochlorid, or acetate, a lustrous, green, crystalline 
salt, giving a red color to solutions, and used as 
a stain in microscopy, as a remedy in albumin- 
uria, and as a local application in diseases of the 
larynx. Dose, gr. (0.006-0.01 gm.). 
fuchsinophil (fook-sin'o-fil) [fuchsin + Gr. <pi\elv 
to love]. 1. Any cell or other element readily 
stained with fuchsin. 2. Same as fuchsinophilous. 
fuchsinophilous (fook-sin-of'il-us). Readily 
stained by fuchsin. 
fucol (fu'kol). An iodin-containing preparation 
from algse: used as a vehicle for iodin, creosote, 
phosphorus, etc. 
fucosan (fu'ko-san). A pentosan which is a con- 
stituent of the cell-wall of many seaweeds. 
fucose (fu'kbs). A crystalline pentose, C5H10O5, 
from seaweed. 
Fucus (fu'kus), gen. fu'ci [L.; Gr. <pwcos]. A genus 
of seaweeds. F. cris'pus, furnishes Irish moss. 
F. vesiculo'sus, bladder-wrack, is used in goiter 
and glandular diseases, and as a cure for obesity. 
Dose of solid extract, 10 gr. (0.666 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 60-120 min. (4-8 c.c.). 
Fuerbringer. See Fiirbinger. 
fugin (fu'jin). An extremely poisonous substance 
occurring in the organs of the fish of the genus 
Tetrodon, of the Japanese and Chinese Seas. 
fugitive (fu'jit-iv) [L. fugiti'vus}. 1. Wandering. 
2. Transient. 
fugue (fug). An insane tendency to wander away 
from home. 
fuguism, fuguismus (fu'gu-izm, fu-gu-iz'mus). 
Fugu-poison. 
fugu-poison (fu'gu) [Japanese fugu, the name of a 
poisonous fish]. Poisoning from eating certain 
fish of Japanese waters. 
Fukala's operation (foo-kah'lahz) [Vincent Fu- 
kala, Bohemian physician, died 1913]. See opera- 
tion. 
fulgurant, fulgurating (ful'gu-rant, ful'gu-ra- 
ting) [L; ful'gurans, from ful'gur lightning]. Com- 
ing and going like a flash of lightning. 
fulguration (ful-gu-ra'shun) [L. ful'gur lightning]. 
Treatment by the application of electric sparks, es- 
pecially of long and powerful high-frequency sparks. 
The action of fulguration is not the destruction of 
cancer tissue, but the production of an alteration 
of the nutrition of the tissues which renders them 
less fertile for the proliferation of cancer cells. 
Keating-Hart's f. See under treatment. 
fuligin (fu'lij-in) [L. fuli'go soot]. An unofficial 
medicine prepared from soot. 
fuliginous (fu-lij'in-us) \L. fuli'go soot]. Sooty in 
color or appearance. 
fiillkbrper (fel'ker-per) [Ger. "fill-bodies"]. Glia 
cells which have become degenerated. 
fulmargin (ful-mar'jin). A finely colloidal silver 
prepared electrolytically. 
fulminant, fulminating (ful'min-ant, ful'min-a- 
ting) [L. fulmin a're to lighten]. Sudden, severe; 
coming on suddenly with intense severity; foud- 
royant. 
fumiform (fu'mif-orm). An asphalt benzoin-malt 
mixture which, on heating, gives off fumes: used in 
treating tuberculosis. 
fumigant (fu'mig-ant). A substance used in fumi- 
gation. 
fumigation (fu-mig-a'shun) [L. fumiga'tio}. Ex- 
posure to disinfecting fumes. 
fuming (fu'ming) [L. fu'mus smoke]. Smoking; 
emitting a visible vapor. 
function (funk'shun) [L. func'tio}. The special, 
normal, or proper action of any part or organ, 
allomeric f., the function of the spinal cord 
which depends on the integrative action of their 
several parts, antixenic f., the reactivity of 
living tissue to any foreign substance. Carnot's 
f., carnotic f., the relation between the quantity 
of heat lost by a body and the work which can be 
done by it. isomeric f., the individual function 
of the several sections of the spinal cord and brain 
stem. 
functional (funk'shun-al). Of or pertaining to a 
function; affecting the functions, but not the 
structure. 
functionating (funk'shun-a-ting). In a condi- 
tion of performing the proper function. 
fundal (fun'dal). Pertaining to a fundus. 
fundament (fun'da-ment) [L. fundamen' turn}. i. 
The base or foundation of a part. 2. The breech 
or rump; the anus and parts adjacent to it. 
fundamental (fun-dam-en'tal). Pertaining to the 
base or foundation. 
fundiform (fun'dif-orm) [L. fun'dus sling + for'- 
ma form]. Shaped like a sling. 
Fundulus (fun'du-lus). A genus of killifish of the 
order Cyprinodontidse. The common or green 
killifish, F. heteroclitus, is much used in biologic 
research. Called also mummy chog and salt-water 
minnow. 
fundus (fun'dus) [L.]. The base or part of a hol- 
low organ remotest from its mouth, f. mea'tus 
acus'tici inter'ni [B N A], the fundus of the 
internal auditory meatus, f. OC'uli, the posterior 
part or base of the eye, within its coats, f. tigre 
(te-gra'), leopard retina. See under retina, f. 
tym'pani, the floor of the tympanic cavity, f. 
u'teri [B N A], that part of the uterus which is 
most remote from the os. f. ventric'uli [B N A], 
the cardiac portion of the stomach, f. vesi'csB 
fel'leae [BN A], the wide end of the gall-bladder, 
f. vesi'cae urina'riae, the base of the urinary 
bladder. 
fungi (fun'ji). Plural of fungus, f. imperfec'ti, a 
large group of fungi whose life-history is not com- 
pletely known. It includes the Monilias and many 
plant diseases. 
fungicide (fun'jis-id). An agent that destroys 
fungi. 
fungoid (fun'goid) [fungus + Gr. e*6os form]. 
Shaped like a toadstool, chignon f., a nodular 
growth often occurring on human hair. 
fungosity (fun-gos'it-e). A fungoid growth or 
excrescence. FUNGOUS 
447 
FURUNCULUS 
fungous (fung'us) [L. fungo'sus\. Of the nature 
of or resembling a fungus. 
fungus (fung'us), pl. fun'gi [L.]. 1. Any one of 
a class of vegetable organisms of a low order of 
development, including mushrooms, toadstools, 
molds, etc. 2. A growth on the body resem- 
bling a fungus; a spongy mass of morbid granu- 
lation tissue, alpha f., the fungus, Achorion 
arloingi, of favus herpetiformis, beta f., the 
fungus, Achorion schoenleinii. f. of the brain, 
hernia cerebri, chignon f. See chignon fungoid, 
under fungoid, cutaneous f., dermatomyces. 
disease f., a fungus capable of producing disease, 
fission-f. Same as schizomycete. foot-f., the 
fungus that produces mycetoma. f.-foot, 
Madura foot. See mycetoma, f. haemato'des, a 
soft, bleeding, malignant tumor, ray-f. See 
actinomyces. yeast-f. Same as saccharomyces. 
funic (fu'nik). Pertaining to the funis. 
funicular (fu-nik'u-lar). Pertaining to a funiculus, 
funiculitis (fu-nik-u-li'tis). 1. Inflammation of the 
spermatic cord. 2. Inflammation of a column or 
bundle of the spinal cord or of a spinal nerve- 
root. endemic f., a disease occurring in Ceylon 
and southern India, marked by painful swelling 
of the spermatic cord, chills, nausea, and vomit- 
ing. The prognosis is fatal unless operation is 
performed. 
funiculopexy (fu-nik'u-lo-pek-se) [L. funiculus 
cord + Gr. iritis fixation]. The operation of 
suturing the spermatic cord to the tissues in cases 
of undescended testicle. 
funiculus (fu-nik'u-lus), pl. funic'uli [L. "cord"]. 
1. The umbilical cord, or funis. 2. More often 
the spermatic cord. 3. One of the bundles of 
nerve-fibers of which a nerve-trunk is made up. 
f. am'nii, a cord of tissue by which the amnion 
and chorion are temporarily united in certain 
ruminant animals. f. ante'rior, the anterior 
column of the spinal cord, f. cunea'tus [B N A], 
one of the two prolongations of the dorsolateral 
columns of Burdach into the oblongata, f. cu- 
nea'tus externa'lis, the funiculus of Rolando, 
f. cunea'tus latera'lis, a longitudinal ridge on 
the oblongata between the line of roots of the spi- 
nal accessory nerve and the cuneate funiculus, f. 
gra'cilis [B N A], either of the structures which, 
with the clavae, form the postpyramids or resti- 
form bodies, being extensions of the dorsomedian 
column of the spinal cord into the oblongata, f. 
medul'lae spina'lis [B N A], any one of the 
columns of the spinal cord, f. poste'rior [B N 
A], the posterior white column of the spinal cord, 
f. of Rolando, a longitudinal prominence on 
either side of the lower part of the oblongata, pass- 
ing up to the tubercle of Rolando, f. sep'arans, 
a ridge on the floor of the fourth ventricle between 
the area postrema and the ala cinerea. f. sil'- 
iquae. See siliqua olives, f. solita'rius, the 
solitary fasciculus, f. spermat'icus [B N A], 
the spermatic cord. f. te'res, a fascicle of nerve- 
fiber on each side of the mesal sulcus of the floor 
of the fourth ventricle, f. umbilica'lis [B N A], 
the umbilical cord. 
funis (fu'nis) [L. "cord"]. The umbilical cord. 
funnel (fun'el). A conic hollow vessel with a 
tube at the apex: used in chemistry and phar- 
macy in filtering and for other purposes, f.- 
chest. See under chest, drainage-f., an ap- 
pliance employed in the drainage of wounds. 
Golgi's f's, spiral fibrillary coils said to surround 
the axis-cylinder of myelinated nerve-fibers: they 
are probably artefacts, pial f., a sheath of ad- 
ventitia, extended from the pia mater, loosely 
surrounding the blood-vessels of the substance of 
the brain or cord. Renver's f., an appliance 
used in treating urethral stricture. 
fur (fer). The coat seen upon the tongue in various 
diseases. 
Fiirbringer's sign, test (fer'bring-erz) [Paul 
Fiirbringer, Berlin physician, born 1840]. See 
under sign and tests. 
fureal (fur'kal) [L. fur'ea fork]. Shaped like a 
fork; forked. 
furcula (fer'ku-la) [L. " little fork "]. A horse- 
shoe-shaped ridge in the embryonic larynx, bound- 
ing the pharyngeal aperture in front and laterally. 
furfur (fer'fer), pl. furfures. [L. "bran"]. An epi- 
dermic scale, such as dandruff. 
furfuraceous (fur-fu-ra'shus) [L. furfur bran]. 
Resembling bran or dandruff. 
furfural (fur'fu-ral) [L. fur'fur bran]. An oily sub- 
stance, C5H4O2, from the distillation of bran,, 
sawdust, etc. It is the basis of Molisch's test for 
carbohydrates. It causes convulsions and paral- 
yses in animals. 
furfurol (fur'fu-rol). Furfural. 
furfuron (fuFfu-ron). A greenish, proprietary 
liniment for gout and rheumatism. 
furor (fu'ror) [L.]. Fury; rage. f. epilep'ticus, 
an attack of intense anger occurring in epilepsy, 
f. secan'di. Same as tomomania. f. uteri'- 
nus, nymphomania. 
furrow (fur'o). A groove or trench, digital 
f., any one of the transverse lines on the palmar 
surface of a finger, genital f., a groove that 
appears on the genital tubercle of the fetus at 
the end of the second month, gluteal f., the- 
furrow which separates the nates, interven- 
tricular f. Same as interventricular groove. 
Jadelot's f's. See lines, Jadelot's. Lieber- 
meister's f's, depressions sometimes seen on 
the upper surface of the liver from pressure of the 
ribs, generally from tight lacing, mentolabial 
f., the hollow just above the chin, primitive f 
the primitive groove. See groove. Sibson's f., 
the under border of the pectoralis major muscle. 
Fiirstner's disease (ferst'nerz) [German pediatrist,, 
born 1848]. Pseudospastic paralysis with tremor. 
furuncle (fu'rung-kl) [L. furun'culus]. A boil; a 
painful nodule formed in the skin by circum- 
scribed inflammation of the corium and subcu- 
taneous tissue, inclosing a central slough or 
"core." It is caused by bacteria, which enter 
through the hair-follicles or sudoriparous glands, 
and its formation is favored by constitutional 
or digestive derangement and local irritation, 
lochial f., a boil or abscess affecting obstetric 
nurses, and due to infection from the lochia, 
physicians' f., a form of abscess with circum- 
scribed subcutaneous fat-necrosis occurring in 
physicians, and due to infection from the cadaver 
or from an operation. 
furuncular (fu-rung'ku-lar). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a boil. 
furunculoid (fu-rung'ku-loid). Resembling a 
furuncle or boil. 
furunculosis (fu"rung-ku-lo'sis). The diseased 
condition that accompanies the appearance of a 
crop of boils. 
furunculous (fu-rung'ku-lus). Same as furun- 
cular. 
furunculus (fu-rung'ku-lus), pl. furun'culL Latin 
for boil or furuncle. See furuncle, f. orienta'- 
lis, a kind of sore endemic chiefly in Asia and 
Africa, and marked by the development on the 
exposed parts of the body of a papule which passes- 
successively through the stages of tubercle, scab, 
and circumscribed ulcer. It is caused by a pro- 
tozoan parasite, termed Leishmania tropica or 
furunculosa, which is probably identical with 
Leishmania donovani. The disease has received 
various names, according to the locality of its occur- 
rence, as Aleppo boil, Delhi sore, Pendjeh sore, 
Natal boil, Biskra button, Lahore sore, etc., but 
the conditions occurring under the various names 
are practically one and the same disease. The 
condition is also known as cutaneous or dermal' 
leishmaniasis, f. vulga'ris, carbuncle. FUSARIUM 
448 
GALACTOBLAST 
Fusarium (fu-sa're-um). A genus of molds belong- 
ing to the class of Ascomycetes. F. equi'num is 
believed to be the cause of itch disease, a dermato- 
mycosis in horses in Oregon. 
fuscin (fus'in) [L. fus'cus brown]. A brown pig- 
ment of the retinal epithelium. 
fusel oil (fu'sel). See amyl alcohol, under alcohol. 
fusible (fu'sib-1). Susceptible of being melted. 
fusiform (fu'sif-orm) [L. fu'sus spindle 4- for'ma 
form]. Spindle-shaped. 
Fusiformis (fu-sif-or'mis). A genus of bacterial 
organisms. 'They are anaerobic or micro-aerophilic, 
non-motile, rod-shaped, and obligate parasites. F. 
ac'nes, a species found in the pustules of acne 
vulgaris. F. typhi-exanthematici, a small, 
pleomorphic, Gram-positive, non-motile organism 
at one time thought to be the cause of typhus fever. 
F. vincen'ti, a form found in Vincent's angina. 
fusion (fu'zhun) [L. fu'sio]. 1. The act or proc- 
ess of melting. 2. The abnormal coherence of 
adjacent parts or bodies. 3. The coordination of 
the separate images of the same object in the 
two eyes into one. nerve-f., a method of 
nerve-anastomosis done for the purpose of inducing 
a regeneration which will resupply empty tracts of 
a nerve by new growths of fibers. 
fusocellular (fu-so-sel'u-lar) [L. fu'sus spindle 4- 
cellular]. Having spindle-shaped cells. 
fustic (fus'tik). A yellow dye-wood from a 
South American tree, Mo'rus tincto'ria. 
fustigation (fus-tig-a'shun) [L. fustiga'tio]. 
Therapeutic treatment by flagellation, electric 
f., therapeutic treatment by beating with rods 
or by the strokes of electrodes. 
fustin (fus'tin). A yellow dye, Ci5H10O8, from 
Venetian sumac. 
F. VS. Abbreviation for L. Ji'at venasec'Lio, let the 
patient be bled. 
fyrite (fi'rit). A proprietary preparation used as an 
investment material in dentistry. 
G 
G. 1. An abbreviation for gram and gingival. 2. 
The chemical symbol of glucinum. 
g. An abbreviation for gram. 
G. A. Abbreviation for gingivo-axial. 
Ga. The symbol of gallium. 
Gabbett's solution (gab'ets). [Henry Singer 
Gabbett, contemporary British physician]. See un- 
der solution. 
gabianol (gab-i'an-ol). An oily liquid compound 
derived from shale: employed in diseases of the 
lungs. Dose, 4 min. (0.24 c.c.). 
Gaboon ulcer (gab-oon'). See under ulcer. 
gad-fly. See Tabanus. 
gadinin (gad'in-in). A ptomain, C7H16NO2, from 
decaying fish and from bacterial cultures of 
human feces. 
gadolinium (gad-o-lin'e-um). A rare element 
whose atomic weight is 157.3 and its symbol Gd. 
gaduhiston (gad-u-his'ton) [L. ga'dus cod 4- his- 
ton]. A histon occurring in the spermatozoa of 
the codfish. 
gaduin (gad'u-in) [L. ga'dus cod]. A basic fatty 
principle, C33H46O9, from cod-liver oil. 
gaduol (gad'u-ol). A purified preparation of 
cod-liver oil. Dose, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
Gadus (ga'dus) [L.; Gr. yabos whiting]. A genus 
of fishes. G. mor'rhua, the cod-fish: from its 
liver, cod-liver oil is prepared. See oil, cod-liver. 
Gaertner. See Gartner. 
gafeira (gaf-a-ir'rah) [Port.]. A South American 
term for leprosy. 
Gaffky scale (gaf'ke) [Georg Gaffky, German bac- 
teriologist, 1850-1918]. See under scale. 
gag (gag). 1. A surgical device for holding the 
mouth open. 2. To retch, or strive to vomit. 
gage, gauge (gaj). An instrument for determining 
the dimensions or caliber of anything. 
gaile, gale (gal) [Fr.]. French for scabies. 
Gaillard's suture (ga-yahrz') [Francois Lucien 
Gaillard, French physician, 1805-1869]. See suture. 
gait (gat). The manner or style of walking. 
ataxic g., a walk in which the foot is raised 
high and the sole strikes the ground at once 
and very suddenly, cerebellar g., a stagger- 
ing gait indicative of cerebellar disease. Char- 
cot's g., the peculiar gait of hereditary ataxia, 
cow-g., a swaying walk due to knock-knee, 
dromedary g., the peculiar gait seen in patients 
with dystonia musculorum. Called also camel's 
walk, equine g., a walk accomplished mainly by 
flexing the hip-joint: seen in peroneal paralysis, 
festinating g., a gait in which the patient 
moves with short, hurrying steps, often on tip- 
toe. frog-g., a hopping progression resulting 
from infantile paralysis, helicopod g., a gait in 
which the feet describe half-circles, as in some 
cases of hysteric disorder and in certain cases 
of hemiplegia, hemiplegic g., the helicopod 
gait of hemiplegia. Oppenheim's g., a gait 
marked by irregular oscillation of the head, limbs, 
and body: seen in some cases of disseminated scle- 
rosis. paralytic g., a gait in which the feet are 
dragged loosely along the ground, spastic g., 
a walk in which the legs are held together and 
move in a stiff manner, the toes seeming to drag 
and catch. stamping g. Same as ataxic 
g. steppage g., one in which the toe is strongly 
lifted and the heel reaches the ground first, sway- 
ing g. See cerebellar g. tabetic g. Same 
as ataxic g. waddling g., a gait seen in pseudo- 
hypertrophic paralysis. It resembles the waddling 
of a duck, and is due to the fact that the feet are 
kept wide apart in order to preserve the balance. 
gakhuri (gak-hoo're). The plant, Trib'ulus lanu- 
gino'sus, of India: used locally as a medicine. 
galactacrasia (gal-ak-tak-ra'se-ah) [Gr. ydXa milk 
+ Kpaais mingling]. Abnormal condition of the 
mother's milk. 
galactagogue (gal-ak'tag-og). [Gr. yaXa milk 4- 
ayooybs leading], i. Increasing the secretion of 
milk. 2. An agent that promotes the flow of 
milk. 
galactan (gal-ak'tan) [Gr. yaXa milk]. A hemi- 
cellulose carbohydrate that yields galactose upon 
hydrolysis. Agar-agar is a well-known example. 
galactase (gal-ak'tas). A proteolytic enzyme of 
milk. 
galactemia, galactsemia (gal-ak-te'me-ah) [Gr. 
7aXa milk + al pa blood]. A morbid condition of 
the blood in which it contains milk. 
galactidrosis (gal-ak-tid-ro'sis) [Gr. yaXa milk 4- 
Ibpws sweat]. The sweating of a fluid resembling 
milk. 
galactin (gal-ak'tin) [Gr. yaXa milk]. An amor- 
phous substance, C34H78N4O45, found in milk. 
galactischia (gal-ak-tisk'e-ah) [Gr. yaXa milk 4- 
'Laxetv to suppress]. Suppression of the secre- 
tion of milk. 
galactoblast (gal-ak'to-blast) [Gr. 7<xXa milk 4- 
fiXatr-ros germ]. A colostrum corpuscle found in 
the acini of the mammary gland. GALACTOCELE 
449 
GALENIC 
galactocele (gal-ak'to-sel) [Gr. yaXa milk 4- KrfXr) 
tumor]. 1. A cystic enlargement of the mam- 
mary gland containing milk. 2. A hydrocele 
filled with a milky fluid. 
galactochloral (gal-ak-to-klo'ral). A derivative, 
CsH4C13O6, of chloral and galactose in glossy 
scales: it is used as a hypnotic. 
galactococcus (gal-ak-to-kok'us) [Gr. yaXa milk + 
coccus]. A staphylococcus found in cases of in- 
flammation of the udder in cows. 
galactogenous (gal-ak-toj'en-us) [Gr. yaXa milk 
+ yepp&p to produce]. Favoring the production of 
milk. 
galactolipin, galactolipine (gal-ak-to-li'pin). 
Any compound of a fatty acid containing nitrogen 
but no phosphorus, and combined with galactose, 
galactoma (gal-ak-to'mah) [Gr. yaXa milk + -upa 
tumor]. Same as galactocele. 
galactometastasis (gal-ak"to-met-as'tas-is). 
Same as galactoplania. 
galactometer (gal-ak-tom'et-er) [Gr. yaXa milk 4- 
per pop measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the specific gravity of milk. 
galactopathy (gal-ak-top'ath-e) [Gr. yaXa milk + 
iraGos feeling]. Same as milk-cure. 
galactophagous (gal-ak-tof'ag-us) [Gr. yaXa milk 
4* ipayeiu to eat]. Feeding upon milk. 
galactophlebitis (gal-ak"to-fleb-i'tis) [Gr. yaXa 
milk + phlebitis]. Phlegmasia alba dolens. 
galactophlysis (gal-ak-tof'lis-is) [Gr. yaXa milk 
4- <pXvais eruption]. A vesicular eruption con- 
taining a milky fluid. 
galactophore (gal-ak'to-for). 1. Galactophorous. 
2. A milk-duct. 
galactophoritis (gal-ak"tof-or-i'tis) [Gr. 7aXa milk 
+ <pepeip to carry + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the milk-ducts. 
galactophorous (gal-ak-tof'or-us) [Gr. 7<iXa milk 
4- <pepeip to bear]. Conveying milk. 
galactophthisis (gal-ak-tof'this-is) [Gr. yaXa milk 
4- phthisis]. Phthisis or emaciation due to or 
brought on by overlactation. 
galactophygous (gal-ak-tof'ig-us) [Gr. yaXa milk 
4- <pvyr) flight]. Arresting the milk secretion. 
galactoplania (gal-ak-to-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. yaXa 
milk 4- irXaPTj wandering]. The secretion of milk 
in some abnormal part; the metastasis of milk. 
galactopoietic (gal-ak"to-poi-et'ik) [Gr. yaXa milk 
4* TTOLeip to make]. Concerned in the production 
of milk. 
galactopyra (gal-ak-to-pi'rah) [Gr. 7aXa milk 4- 
-irvp fire]. Milk-fever. 
galactorrhea, galactorrhcea (gal-ak-tor-e'ah) 
[Gr. yaXa milk 4- polo. flow]. Excessive secretion 
of milk. 
galacto samin (gal-ak-to-sam'in). An alpha- 
amino derivative, CH2OH.(CHOH)3CH(NH2).- 
CHO, of galactose obtained from tendomucoid by 
hydrolysis. 
galactosazone (gal-ak-to-sa'zon). A yellow crys- 
talline substance produced by treating galactose 
with phenyl hydrazine. The crystals melt at 1920 
to 1950 C. 
galactoschesis (gal-ak-tos'ke-sis) [Gr. yaXa milk 
4- axetTLS suppression]. Suppression of the milk 
secretion.. 
galactoscope (gal-ak'to-skop) [Gr. yaXa milk 4- 
(TKoireip to view]. A device for showing the pro- 
portion of cream in the milk. 
galactose (gal-ak'tos) [Gr. yaXa milk], A hexose, 
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO, obtained from lactose or 
milk-sugar by the action of an enzyme or by boiling 
with a mineral acid. 
galacto sid (gal-ak'to-sid). A compound having 
the same relation to galactose that a glucosid has 
to glucose. 
galactosis (gal-ak-to'sis) [Gr. 7<xXa milk]. The 
formation of milk by the lacteal glands. 
galactostasia (gal-ak-to-sta'se-ah). Galactostasis, 
galactostasis (gal-ak-tos'tas-is) [Gr. yaXa milk 4- 
araoLs halt], i. Cessation of the milk secretion. 
2. An abnormal collection of milk. 
galactosuria (gal-ak-to-su're-ah) [galactose + Gr. 
ovpop urine]. Presence of galactose in the urine. 
galactotherapy (gal-ak-to-theFap-e) [Gr. yaXa 
milk + OepaTrelv to cure], i. The treatment of 
suckling children by giving remedies to the mother 
or wet-nurse. 2. Same as milk-cure. 3. The hypo- 
dermic injection of the milk of a syphilitic patient 
for the cure of syphilis. 
galactotoxicon (gal-ak-to-tok'sik-on). The poison- 
ous matter that causes galactotoxism. 
galactotoxin (gal-ak-to-tok'sin) [Gr. yaXa. milk + 
to^lkop poison]. Any basic poison generated in 
milk by the growth of a plant microorganism. 
galactotoxism (gal-ak-to-tok'sizm). Poisoning by 
milk. 
galactotrophy (gal-ak-tot'ro-fe) [Gr. yaXa milk 4- 
rpbtpT] nutrition]. Feeding with milk. 
galactoxism, galactoxismus (gal-ak-tok'sizm, 
gal-ak-tok-siz'mus). Poisoning by milk. 
galactozymase (gal-ak-to-zi'mas) [Gr. yaXa milk 
+ ^vpr) leaven]. A starch-liquefying ferment. 
galacturia (gal-ak-tu're-ah) [Gr. vdXa milk + ovpop 
urine]. The discharge of milk-like urine; chy- 
luria. 
galalith (gal'al-ith) [Gr. ya.Xa milk + XiOos stone]. 
A material for the manufacture of absorbable 
anastomosis buttons, consisting of formalin-hard- 
ened paracasein. 
galanga (gal-an'gah) [L. for "galangal"]. See 
galangal. 
galangal (gal-an'gal) [Chinese]. The rhizome of 
Alpin'ia galan'ga (lesser galangal) or of A. officina'- 
lis (greater galangal). It has the aromatic stimu- 
lant properties of ginger. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
galazyme (gal'az-Im) [Gr. 7aXa milk + ^vp-q 
leaven]. A preparation of the mixed and fer- 
mented milk of asses and mares. 
galbanum (gal'ban-um) [LJ. 1. A fetid gum- 
resin from Fer*ula galbanif'lua and F. rubricau'lis, 
umbelliferous plants of Asia. It is expec- 
torant, antispasmodic, and stimulant, and is used 
in chronic catarrh of the genital and respira- 
tory tracts and in amenorrhea, and locally as a 
counterirritant. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 
gm.). The compound pills of galbanum contain 
galbanum, myrrh, asafetida, and syrup. 2. An 
incorrect popular name for Burgundy pitch. 
Galbiati's operation (gahl-be-ah'tez) [Gennaro 
Galbiati, an Italian surgeon, 1776-1844]. See 
operation. 
galbismin (gal-biz'min). A proprietary substitute 
for iodoform. 
galea (ga'le-ah) [L. "helmet"]- The aponeurotic 
structure of the scalp, connecting the separated 
parts of the occipitofrontalis muscle. Called also 
galea aponeurotica [B N A]. 
galeanthropy (ga-le-an'thro-pe) [Gr. yaXee cat + 
av9poiros man], A mental delusion that one has 
become a cat. 
Galega (gal-e'gah) [Gr. yaXa milk]. A genus of poi- 
sonous leguminous plants called goat's-rue. G. 
officina'lis and other species are said to be galac- 
tagogues. 
galegol (gal-e'gol). A preparation from galega, used 
as a galactagogue. 
Galen (ga'len) [Claudius Galenus]. A celebrated 
Greek physician and medical writer, born at Per- 
gamum, Mysia, in 130 A. d. At the age of thirty 
he removed to Rome, where he gained great fame 
as a practitioner. He is said to have died in 
Sicily about 200-210 A. d. He wrote a large 
number of works on medicine, natural science, 
logic, etc., of which about 80 have been preserved. 
galenic (ga-len'ik). Pertaining to the ancient sys- GALENICA 
450 
GALVANOSURGERY 
tem of medicine taught and practised by Galenus, 
or Galen. 
galenica (gal-en'ik-ah). Galenicals. 
galenicals, galenics (gal-en'ik-alz, ga-len'iks). 
Medicines prepared according to the formulas of 
Galen. The term is now used to denote standard 
preparations containing one or several organic in- 
gredients, as contrasted with pure chemical sub- 
stances. 
galenism (ga'len-izm). Galen's doctrine of the four 
humors as the agents in the causation of disease. 
Galeodes araneoi'des (gal-e-o'dez). A spider- 
like animal of the old world, with a venomous bite: 
injurious to camels. 
galeophilia (gal-e-o-fil'e-ah) [Gr. 70X17 cat + 
tpiXeiv to love] A liking or fondness for cats. 
galeophobia (gal-e-o-fo'beah) [Gr. yaXy cat + 
<po^os fear]. Marked fear of cats; gatophobia. 
galeropia, galeropsia (gal-er-o'pe-ah, -op'se-ah) 
[Gr. yaXepbs cheerful + opes vision]. Abnor- 
mal clearness of vision. 
gall (gawl) [L. gal'la]. 1. The bile. 2. Nutgall, 
g.-bladder, g.-cyst. See gall-bladder, g.- 
ducts. See bile-ducts, under duct. g.-sickness. 
See galziekte. g.-stone, a calculus in or from the 
gall-bladder or one of its afferent or efferent ducts, 
galla (gal'ah), pl. and gen. gal'la [L.]. Nutgall; 
an astringent excrescence growing upon oaks, 
chiefly Quer'cus lusitan'ica. Dose, 5-25 gr. 
(0.333-1.666 gm.); of tincture, 30-120 min. (2-8 
c.c.). See nutgall. 
gallacetophenone (gal-as-e-to-fe'non). A yellow- 
ish powder, CH3.CO.C6H2(OH)3, or trioxyaceto- 
phenone: used externally like pyrogallol, of which 
it is a derivative. Called also alizarin-yellow. 
gallal (gal'al). Aluminum gallate, AUfCTlLOah + 
4H2O, a brownish, antiseptic powder: used in 
astringent nasal douches. 
gallanilid (gal-an'il-id). Same as gallanol. 
gallanol (gal'an-ol). A gallic acid anilid, C8H2.- 
OH3.CO.NHC6H5-|-2H2O, a gallic acid and anilin 
derivative: a white powder, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, and boiling water, slightly soluble in cold 
water. It is used like pyrogallol, externally, in 
psoriasis, eczema, etc., in 5-25 per cent, ointment. 
gallate (gal'at). Any salt of gallic acid. 
gall-bladder (gawl'blad-er). The pear-shaped 
reservoir for the bile on the under surface of the 
liver. Courvoisier's g.-b., a chronically ob- 
structed gall-bladder, fish-scale g.-b., a gall- 
bladder presenting a fish-scale-like appearance 
from multiple small cysts of the mucosa, sand- 
paper g.-b., a rough state of the mucous mem- 
brane of the gall-bladder caused by the presence 
of cholesterin crystals, strawberry g.-b., a 
gall-bladder presenting a strawberry-like appear- 
ance as a result of chronic catarrhal inflammation. 
gallein (gal'e-in). An anilin-dye indicator which 
is changed in color by an alkali to red and by an 
acid to yellow. 
gallic acid (gal'ik). See acid. 
gallicin (gal'is-in). The methyl ester of gallic 
acid, (OH)3C6H2.COOCH3, in snow-white, silky 
needles, or a whitish powder: used as a substitute 
for resorcinol in conjunctival catarrh. 
gallinol (gal'in-ol). Same as gallanol. 
Gallionel'la ferrugin'ea. A species of iron 
bacteria. 
gallipot (gal'ip-ot). A small pot for ointments or 
confections. 
gallisin (gal'is-in). A substance analogous to dex- 
trin. 
gallium (gal'e-um) [L., from Gallia Gaul]. A rare 
metal, atomic weight, 70.1; symbol, Ga: some of 
its compounds are poisonous. 
gallobromol (gal-o-bro'mol). A light brown, crys- 
talline, gallic acid and bromin derivative, C8Br2- 
(OH)aCOOH, or dibromgallic acid: soluble in al- 
cohol, ether, and boiling water. It is used as a 
sedative like the bromids, and as an astringent in 
gonorrhea in 1-4 per cent, solution. Dose, 10-30 
gr. (0.65-2 gm.) in solution. 
galloformin (gal-o-for'min). A condensation- 
product of hexamethylenetetramin and gallic 
acid, C6H2(OH)3.COOH(CH2)6N4, in needle-like 
crystals. It is used as an internal antiseptic. 
gallogen (gal'o-jen). A compound derived from 
gallic acid: recommended as an intestinal anti- 
septic. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.). 
gallon (gal'on) [L. con'gius]. Four quarts; in 
the United States, 231 cubic inches. See weights 
and measures. 
gallotannic acid (gal-o-tan'ik). See tannin. 
gall-sickness. See galziekte. 
Galton's delta, law, whistle (gawl'tonz) [Fran- 
cis Galton, English scientist, 1822-1911]. See delta, 
law, and whistle. 
Galv. Abbreviation for galvanic. 
galvanic (gal-van'ik). 1. Named for or discov- 
ered by Galvani. 2. Pertaining to galvanism, 
g. battery. See under battery. 
galvanism (gal'van-izm) [after Luigi Galvani, iiyj- 
1798]. Galvanic electricity: uninterrupted cur- 
rent electricity derived from a chemic battery. 
galvanization (gal"van-iz-a'shun). Treatment by 
galvanic electricity, spinogastric g., galvaniza- 
tion in which the negative pole is placed over the 
stomach, and the positive is moved up and down 
the spine. 
galvanocautery (gal"van-o-kaw'ter-e). Cautery 
by a wire heated with a galvanic current. 
galvanochemic (gal"van-o-kem'ik). Pertaining 
to the chemic action of the galvanic current. 
galvanocontractility (gal"van-o-kon-trak-tilz- 
it-e). Contractility in response to a galvanic 
stimulus. 
galvanofaradization (gal" van-o-far-ad-iz-a' shun). 
The simultaneous use of continuous and inter- 
rupted electric currents. 
galvano-ionization (gal"van-o-i-o-ni-za'shun). 
See iontophoresis. 
galvanolysis (gal-van-ol'is-is) [galvanism + Gr. 
Xbacs dissolution]. Electrolysis. 
galvanometer (gal-van-om'et-er) [galvanic + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
galvanic electricity. Einthoven's g., string 
g. (1893), thread g., an apparatus for detecting 
very minute electric currents, consisting of a deli- 
cate thread of silvered quartz or platinum stretched 
between the poles of a strong magnet. The thread 
may be illuminated by an arc light and the shadow 
of the thread thrown upon a screen after being 
magnified by a microscope. 
galvanomuscular (gal"van-o-mus'ku-lar). Pro- 
duced by the application of the galvanic current 
directly to a muscle. 
galvanonervous (gal"van-o-ner'vus). Produced by 
application of the galvanic current to a nerve 
trunk. 
galvanopalpation (gal"van-o-pal-pa'shun). A 
method of testing the sensory and vasomotor 
nerves of the skin by applying a sharp-pointed 
needle-like anode electrode to the part of the skin 
to be tested, the cathode being applied to some 
other part of the body. 
galvanopuncture (gal"van-o-punktzur). The in- 
troduction of needles to complete a galvanic 
circuit. 
galvanoscope (gal-van'o-skop) [galvanism + Gr. 
(TKoweiv to view]. An instrument that shows the 
presence of a galvanic current. 
galvanoscopy (gal-van-os'ko-pe). Diagnostic ex- 
amination by means of galvanism. 
galvanosurgery (gal"van-o-surzjer-e). The em- 
ployment of galvanism in surgery. GALVANOTAXIS 
451 
GANGLION 
galvanotaxis (gal"van-o-tak'sis). Electrotaxis 
under the influence of galvanic electricity. 
galvanotherapeutics, galvanotherapy (gal"- 
van-o-ther-ap-u'tiks, gal" van-o-ther'ap-e). The 
therapeutic employment of galvanism. 
galvanothermy (gal"van-o-ther/me) [galvanism + 
Gr. Oeppr) heat]. Heating or burning by means 
■of a galvanic current. 
galvanotonic (gal"van-o-ton'ik). Of the nature 
of galvanotonus; both galvanic and tonic. 
galvanotonus (gal-van-ot'o-nus) [galvanism 4- 
Gr. twos tone]. Tonic response to galvanism. 
galvanotropism (gal-van-ot'ro-pizm) [galvanism 
+ Gr. tpottos a turn]. The directive action of the 
galvanic current upon living beings or structures. 
galyl (gal'il) [Named in honor of Galen]. An organic 
arsenical preparation, tetraoxydiphosphaminodiar- 
senobenzene: used like salvarsan. Dose, 6-8 gr. 
(0.4-0.5 gm.). 
galziekte, galzietzke (gahl-zek'te) [Dutch gal 
gall + ziekte sickness]. A disease of cattle in 
South Africa, caused by Trypanosoma theileri, 
which is transmitted by a fly (Hippobosca), the 
winged tick fly of the horse. It is marked by slight 
fever and severe aneipia. Called also gall-sickness 
and bilious fever of cattle. 
Gamaleia's spirillum (gam-al-a'yahz) [M. Gama- 
leia, Russian bacteriologist, born 1859]. See 
spirillum. 
gamasid (gam'as-id). A mite of the family Gam- 
asidae. 
Gamasidse (gam-as'id-e). A family of mites of the 
order Acarina; the spider mites or beetle mites. 
They are parasitic on birds and animals. 
gamasoidosis (gam-as-oi-do'sis). Infestation by a 
mite of the family Gamasidae, such as the derma- 
titis caused by the fowl mite, Dermanyssus. 
Gambian horse sickness (gam'be-an) [Gambia a 
British colony of the West Coast of Africa]. Try- 
panosomiasis of horses and cattle due to the 
Trypanosoma dimorphon. 
gambir (gam'ber). A substance like catechu, from 
Unca'ria gam'bier, a rubiaceous plant of south- 
eastern Asia: astringent. 
gamboge (gam-boj', gam-booj'). See cambogia. 
gamete (gam'et) [Gr. yaperijs spouse]. A sexual 
cell; a conjugative cell-element which unites with 
another element to form a zygote. 
gametic (gam-et'ik). Pertaining to gametes or the 
primitive sexual elements. 
gametoblast (gam'et-o-blast) [Gr. yaperr] wife 
+ jSXaoTos germ]. A sporozoite. 
gametocyte (gam-et'o-sit) [Gr. yaperr) spouse 4- 
kvtos cell]. The mother-cell from which a gamete 
is derived when such mother-cell is different from 
the ordinary individual of the species. 
gametogenesis (gam"et-o-jen'es-is) [gamete + Gr. 
yeveais production]. The origin of germ cells. 
gametoid (gam'et-oid). Resembling gametes or 
reproductive cells. 
gametophagia (gam"et-o-fa'je-ah). Gamophagia. 
gamic (gam'ik). Sexual: applied to eggs which de- 
velop only after fertilization. 
gammacism (gam'as-izm) [Gr. yappa letter G]. 
The imperfect utterance of G-sounds. 
gammot (gam'ot). An old form of surgical 
knife. 
gamobium (gam-o'be-um) [Gr. yapos marriage + 
filos life]. In zoology, the sexually reproducing 
generation in cases of alternation of generation. 
Cf. agamobium. 
gamogenesis (gam-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. yapos marriage 
+ yevevis production]. Sexual reproduction. 
gamogenetic (gam"o-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to or 
exhibiting sexual reproduction. 
gamont (gam'ont) [Gr. yapos marriage + ovtos 
being]. Either of the conjugating individuals in 
gregarine reproduction. 
gamophagia (gam-o-fa'je-ah) [Gr. -yd/xos marriage 
+ <payeiv to eat]. The assimilation and disap- 
pearance of the male or female element in genera- 
tion. 
gampsodactylia (gamp-so-dak-til e-ah). Deform- 
ity of the toes marked by hyperextension of the 
first phalanx on the metatarsal and flexion of the 
other two phalanges. Called also claw-foot. 
ganglia (gang'le-ah). Plural of ganglion. 
ganglial (gang'le-al). Pertaining to a ganglion., 
gangliasthenia (gang"le-as-the'ne-ah). Asthe- 
nia due to ganglionic disease. 
gangliate, gangliated (gang'le-at, gang'ie-a- 
ted). Provided with ganglia. 
gangliectomy (gang-le-ek'to-me) [Gr. ya,yy\iov 
ganglion + eKTop-q excision]. Excision of a gang- 
lion. 
gangliform (gang'lif-onn). Having the form of a 
ganglion. 
gangliitis (gang-le-i'tis). Inflammation of a gang- 
lion. 
ganglioblast (gang'le-o-blast) [ganglion + Gr. 
^Xaaros germ]. An embryonic cell of the spinal 
ganglia. 
gangliocyte (gang'le-o-sit) [ganglion + Gr. kvtos 
cell], A ganglion-cell. 
ganglioform (gang'le-o-form). Gangliform. 
ganglioma (gang-le-o'mah) [Gr. yayyXcov gang- 
lion + -upa tumor], A tumor of a lymphatic 
ganglion. 
ganglion (gang'le-on), pl. gang'lia [Gr. yayyXiov 
knot], i. Any mass of gray nervous substance 
that serves as a center of nervous influence. 2. 
A form of cystic tumor occurring on an aponeu- 
rosis or a tendon. 3. See ganglion, lymphatic. 
abdominal g., the semilunar ganglion, aber- 
rant g., a mass of nerve-cells occasionally seen on 
a posterior spinal nerve-root, acousticofacial 
g., a ganglion of early embryonic life, a portion of 
which persists as the geniculate ganglion. Acrel ' s 
g., a ganglion on the extensor tendons of the wrist. 
Andersch ' s g., the petrous ganglion, anterior 
g. of thalamus, the anterior tubercle of the 
thalamus, aorticorenal g., a partly detached 
piece of the semilunar ganglion. Arnold's g., 
auricular g., a ganglion situated below the 
foramen ovale, that sends nerves to the tympanic 
muscles and tensor palati. Called also otic g. 
auditory g., the accessory auditory nucleus. 
Auerbach's g., any one of the small ganglia of 
Auerbach's plexus, basal g., ganglia below the 
cortex of the brain, connecting the cerebrum with 
the lower centers, and comprising the thalami, cor- 
pora striata, corpora quadrigemina, tuber cinereum, 
and geniculate bodies. Bezold's g., a series of 
ganglion-cells in the interauricular septum. Bid- 
der's g., two ganglia of the auricular septum of a 
frog's heart. Bochdalek's g., the swelling at 
the junction of the superior and middle dental 
nerves. Bock's g. Same as carotid g. cardiac 
g., superior, a ganglion of the superficial cardiac 
plexus under the aortic arch, carotid g., a 
ganglion in the lower part of the cavernous sinus, 
carotid g., inferior, a ganglion of the lower 
part of the carotid canal, carotid g., superior, 
one in the upper part of the carotid canal, cas- 
serian g., an incorrect name for gasserian g. 
celiac g. Same as semilunar g. central g. of 
brain, the optic thalami and corpora striata, 
cephalic g., the ciliary, otic, sphenopalatine, 
and submaxillary ganglia, all mainly of the sym- 
pathetic or trisplanchnic system, cervical g., 
inferior, a ganglion between the transverse 
process of the next lower vertebra and the neck of 
the first rib. cervical g., middle, a ganglion 
adjacent to the fifth cervical vertebra; the thyroid 
ganglion, cervical g., superior, a ganglion 
opposite the second and third cervical vertebrae. GANGLION 
452 
GANGLION 
cervical g. of the uterus, is situated near the 
cervix uteri, cervico-uterine g. See Franken- 
hduser's g. ciliary g., a ganglion of the poste- 
rior part of the orbit. Cloquet's g., a swelling 
of the nasopalatine nerve in the anterior palatine 
canal, coccygeal g., a ganglion situated on the 
anterior surface of the tip of the coccyx: the gang- 
lion impar. compound g., a cystic tumor of a 
tendon-sheath which has been compressed into 
two parts by a ligament. Corti's g. Same as 
spiral g. diaphragmatic g., a small ganglion 
of the diaphragm on the right side: from it fibers 
go to the liver, diffuse g., a swelling of several 
adjoining tendon-sheaths due to inflammatory 
effusion, dorsal root g., a ganglion connected 
with the dorsal spinal root. g. ectomammilla- 
Te, either of the corpora albicantia. Ehren- 
ritter's g., a ganglion of the glossopharyngeal 
nerve in the upper part of the jugular foramen, 
false g., any enlargement on a nerve which has 
snot the true ganglionic structure. Franken- 
hauser's g., a ganglion near the cervix uteri. 
Called also cervico-uterine g. Froriep's g., the 
ganglion of the fourth occipital segment in the 
human embryo. Ganser's g., interpeduncular 
ganglion, gasserian g., a ganglion on the larger 
root of the fifth cranial nerve. It is situated in a 
fossa on the anterior part of the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone, and gives off the ophthalmic and 
superior and inferior maxillary nerves, genic- 
ulate g., a ganglion of the facial nerve in the aque- 
duct of Fallopius. Gudden's g., a ganglion in 
the cephalodorsal part of the mammillary body of 
the brain, g. haben'ulae, a club-shaped swelling 
placed ventrad to the trigonum habenulae and on 
the anterior surface of the thalamus. It is a center 
for the correlation of olfactory sensory impulses. 
Called also nucleus habenulce, habenula, and 
habenular body, hepatic g., a ganglion that 
surrounds the hepatic artery, hypogastric 
g., either of two ganglia on either side of the 
cervix uteri, connected with the sacral and hypo- 
gastrix plexuses, hypoglossal g., a gang- 
lion of the dorsal root of the hypoglossal nerve: 
rarely found in the human subject, g. impar, 
the coccygeal ganglion; a sympathetic ganglion 
on the anterior surface of the tip of the coccyx, 
g. infe'rius. See nodose g. inframaxil- 
lary g., anterior, a ganglion near the in- 
cisor teeth. It is derived from the inferior max- 
illary nerve, and gives off filaments to the teeth, 
inframaxillary g., posterior, a ganglion 
situated near the last molar teeth, inhibitory 
g., any ganglion with an inhibitory function, 
intercarotic g., an enlargement connected with 
the carotid plexus at the bifurcation of the common 
carotid, intercrural g. Same as corpus inter- 
pedunculare. interpeduncular g. See corpus 
interpedunculare. g. intervertebra'le, a spinal 
ganglion, intracardiac g., the nerve ganglia 
within the substance of the heart, g. isth'mi. 
Same as corpus interpedunculare. jugular g. 
1. A small ganglion on the vagus in the jugular 
foramen, giving off a meningeal and an auricular 
branch. Called also ganglion of the root. 2. Same 
as g. superius. Kiittner's g., a large lym- 
phatic gland on the internal jugular vein im- 
mediately beneath the posterior belly of the di- 
gastric muscle, forming the principal lymphatic ter- 
minus of the tongue. Called also hauptganglion. 
Laumonier's g., the carotid ganglicn. Lee's 
g., the cervical ganglion of the uterus, len- 
ticular g. See ciliary g. lingual g., a ganglion 
on the anterior branch from the superior cervical 
ganglion, lobar g., the ganglion of the cerebral 
lobes. Lobstein's g., a small enlargement 
on the great splanchnic nerve above the dia- 
phragm. Loetwig's g., the bulbus arteriosus. 
Ludwig's g., a ganglion connected with the car- 
diac plexus and situated near the right auricle of 
the heart, lumbar g., four or five pairs on either 
side and behind the abdominal aorta. Luschka's 
g. See coccygeal gland, under gland, lymphatic 
g., any lymphatic gland, maxillary g., sub- 
maxillary ganglion. Meckel's g., a gang- 
lion of the sympathetic, facial, and other nerves 
situated in the sphenomaxillary fossa. Called 
also sphenopalatine g. Meissner's g., small 
ganglionic nodes in Meissner's plexus, mesen- 
teric g., inferior, a ganglion of the inferior 
mesenteric plexus, mesenteric g., lateral, 
in the superior mesenteric plexus, left side, mes- 
enteric g., superior, a gland of the sympathetic 
nerve in the superior mesenteric plexus. Mey- 
nert's g., a mass of cells within the tuber cinereum 
near the optic tract. Called also basal optic g. 
Muller's g., the prostatic ganglion, nasal g. 
See Meckel's g. nephrolumbar g., a ganglion 
at the junction of branches of the spermatic and 
lumbar nerves, giving off branches to the kidney 
and lumbar region, nodose g., g. nodo sum 
[B N A], a ganglion of the vagus below the jugular 
ganglion, opposite the transverse processes of the 
first and second cervical vertebrae. Called also g. of 
the trunk, inferior vagal g., and g. inferius. olfac- 
tory g., a mass of tissue in the embryo which de- 
velops into the olfactory nerves, ophthalmic g., 
orbital g., the ciliary ganglion, optic g. i. 
Either of the corpora quadrigemina. 2. The oph- 
thalmic or ciliary ganglion. 3. Meynert's ganglion, 
otic g. Same as Arnold's g. periosteal g. 
Same as periostitis albuminosa. petrous g., a 
ganglion of the glossopharyngeal at the lower border 
of the petrous bone. Called also Andersch's g. 
pharyngeal g., a ganglion on an anterior branch 
of the carotid plexus, pharyngeal g., soft, 
is on the lingual, artery, near the pharyngeal 
ganglion, phrenic g., the diaphragmatic gang- 
lion. g. plex'uum sympathico'rum, ganglia 
of the sympathetic plexus, pre vertebral g., 
sympathetic ganglia of the thorax and abdomen 
other than those of the sympathetic trunk, pri- 
mary g., that which does not follow a local inflam- 
mation. prostatic g., a ganglion situated on the 
prostate gland: it is connected with the prostatic 
plexus, pterygopalatine g., Meckel's ganglion. 
Remak's g., a sympathetic ganglion in the heart 
tissue near the superior vena cava, renal g., 
a ganglion around the renal artery, reticulated 
g., the gray matter scattered throughout the ob- 
longata. g. ret'inse, the outer of the two 
subdivisions of the internal nuclear layer of 
the retina. Ribes' g., the alleged upper ter- 
mination of the sympathetic nerve surrounding 
the anterior communicating artery of the brain, 
sacral g., any one of four or five ganglia on 
the ventral surface of the sacrum. Scarpa's 
g., a pair situated near the external auditory 
meatus at the point of junction of the facial nerve 
and the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve. 
Schacher's g., the ciliary ganglion, semilunar 
g., the gasserian ganglion. semilunar g., 
right and left, two small ganglia near the 
suprarenal capsule. sensory g., the cor- 
pora quadrigemina, optic thalami, and other 
basal sensory brain organs, simple g., a cystic 
tumor in a tendon-sheath, sino-auricular g., 
Remak's ganglion, sinus g., a group of nerve- 
cells aground the junction of the coronary sinus 
and the right auricle of the heart, solar g., 
right and left, the right and left semilunar gang- 
lia. Sbmmering's g., the substantia nigra 
of the cerebral peduncle, sphenopalatine g. 
Same as Meckel's g. spinal g., one on the poste- 
rior root of each spinal nerve, spiral g., a 
ganglion between the plates of the spiral lamina 
sending filaments to the organ of Corti, g. spi- 
ra'le coch'leae [BNA). Same as spiral g. 
splanchnic g., a ganglion occasionally found in 
the great splanchnic nerve, stellate g., the first 
dorsal sympathetic nerve ganglion, submaxil- 
lary g., a ganglion above the submaxillary gland, 
g. supe'rius [B N A], a small ganglion of the 
glossopharyngeal nerve at the jugular foramen. It 
has no branches. Called also jugular g. and Ehren- 
ritter's g. suprarenal g., a ganglion at the junc- tion of the great splanchnic nerves, thoracic 
g., twelve pairs between the transverse proc- 
esses of the vertebrae and the heads of the ribs, 
g. thorac'icum pri'mum, the inferior cervical 
ganglion, thyroid g., inferior, the middle cer- 
vical ganglion, thyroid g., superior. See cer- 
vical g., superior. Troisier's g., an enlarged 
lymphatic gland sometimes seen above the. clavicle 
in cases of retrosternal tumor, tympanic g., a 
ganglion of the tympanic branch of the glosso- 
pharyngeal nerve, vagal g., inferior. See 
nodose g. vagal g., superior, a ganglion in 
the jugular foramen sending filaments to the 
vagus. Valentin's g., a ganglion at the 
junction of the posterior and middle dental nerves, 
ventricular g. See Bidder's g. vertebral g., 
the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, vestibular 
g., a ganglion of the vestibular nerve in the 
aqueduct of Fallopius. Walther's g., the 
ganglion impar. Wrisberg's g., the cardiac 
ganglion, wrist-g., cystic enlargement of a 
tendon-sheath on the back of the wrist. 
ganglionated (gang'le-on-a-ted). Provided with 
ganglia. 
ganglionectomy (gang-le-on-ek'to-me) [ganglion 
+ Gr. eKropr) excision]. Excision of a ganglion. 
ganglionervous (gang"le-o-ner'vus). Pertaining 
to the sympathetic nerve. 
ganglioneure (gang'le-o-nur) [ganglion + Gr. 
vevpov nerve]. Any cell of a nervous ganglion. 
ganglioneuroma (gang"le-o-nu-ro'mah). A tumor 
made up of ganglion-cells. 
ganglionic (gang-le-on'ik). Pertaining to a gang- 
lion. 
ganglionitis (gang"le-on-i'tis). Inflammation of 
a ganglion. 
ganglioplexus (gang"le-o-plek'sus). A plexus of 
nerve-fibers in a ganglion. 
Gangolphe's sign (gahng-olfs') [Louis Gangolphe, 
contemporary French surgeon]. See sign. 
gangosa (gan-go'sah) [Sp. " muffled voice "]. A 
disease of the Caroline and Ladrone Islands, 
the Philippines, Fiji, and the West Indies, marked 
by destructive ulceration, beginning in the soft 
palate or uvula, and extending to the hard palate, 
larynx, nasal cavity, and even face. It always re- 
sults in disfigurement. Called also ogo and rhino- 
pharyngitis mutilans. 
gangrene (gan'gren) [L. gangrce'na; Gr. yay- 
ypaiva]. The mortification or non-molecular 
death of a part: due to direct destruction of a 
part by burns, etc., to interference with the cir- 
culation, or to insufficient blood-supply, ane- 
mic g., gangrene due to obstruction to the blood- 
supply of a part, angioneurotic g., a disease 
of early life due to thrombosis and sclerosis of the 
arteries and veins: occurring chiefly in cold regions. 
Called also spontaneous g. angiosclerotic g., 
dry gangrene caused by vascular sclerosis, car- 
bolic g., gangrene due to continued applica- 
tion of dilute carbolic acid, cold g., gangrene 
that is not preceded by inflammation, cuta- 
neous g., a form of pyodermatitis of young 
children due to a staphylococcus, decubital 
g., a bed-sore, diabetic g., moist gangrene 
occurring in persons who suffer with diabetes, 
disseminated cutaneous g., multiple gan- 
grene of the skin of nervous origin, dry g., 
a hard, shriveled, and relatively dry form, due 
to deficient blood-supply, embolic g., that 
which follows the cutting off of the blood-supply 
by an embolism. emphysematous g., gas- 
eous gangrene, epidemic g. Same as ergot- 
ism. fulminating g., malignant or gangrenous 
edema, gas g., gaseous g., a condition often 
following dirty, lacerated wounds in which the 
muscles become filled with gas and a serosanguine- 
ous exudate. The condition is due to a mixed in- 
fection of bacteria among which are Bacillus 
welchii, B. sporogenes, B. novyi, and Vibrion 
septique. glycemic g., glykemic g., dia- 
GANGLIONATED 
453 
GAROTILHA 
betic gangrene, hospital g., a contagious and 
fatal form occurring in crowded hospitals and 
attacking wounds. hot g., gangrene which 
follows an inflammatory attack, hysteric g., 
a form which appears to result from severe herpes 
zoster in hysteric subjects, moist g., a form 
with a free offensive watery discharge, mul- 
tiple g., gangrene of several different parts, 
neurotic g., gangrene occurring spontaneously in 
neurotic persons, nosocomial g. Same as hospi- 
tal g. Pott's g., senile gangrene, primary g., 
gangrene occurring without preceding inflamma- 
tion of the part, pulpy g. Same as hospital g. 
Raynaud's g., the symmetric gangrene of local 
asphyxia. See asphyxia, secondary g., a 
form which follows a local inflammation, senile 
g., a form that attacks the aged, spontaneous 
g. Same as angioneurotic g. static g., gan- 
grene that results from stasis, symmetric g., 
gangrene of corresponding parts on either side, due 
to vasomotor disturbances; local asphyxia. See 
asphyxia, thrombotic g., gangrene from throm- 
bosis of an artery, trophic g., gangrene due to 
lesion of the trophic nerve supply of a part, 
venous g., static gangrene, white g., gangrene 
due to local anemia following complete lymphatic 
obstruction. 
gangrenosis (gang-re-no'sis). The development of 
gangrene. 
gangrenous (gan'gre-nus). Affected -with or of 
the nature of gangrene. 
Ganser's ganglion, symptom, syndrome 
(gan'serz) [Sigbert Joseph Maria Ganser, psychiat- 
rist in Dresden, born 1853]. See ganglion, symp- 
tom, and syndrome. 
Gant's clamp (gants) [Samuel Goodwin Gant, New 
York rectal surgeon]. See clamp. 
gap, Bochdalek's (gap). The space between the 
lumbar and costal attachments of the diaphragm. 
gapes (gaps). A disease of fowls caused by a 
worm, Syngamus trachealis, in the air-passages. 
garantose (gar'an-tbs). Benzoylsulphonicimid: a 
compound said to be 500 times as sweet as sugar. 
garbage (gar'baj). Refuse not carried by the sewers 
and especially the waste animal and vegetable 
material from kitchens as distinguished from ashes, 
rubbish, street sweepings, manure, and dead 
animals. 
Garcinia (gar-sin'e-ah). A genus of trees from 
which gamboge is obtained. 
gardenal (gar'den-al). Phenyl-malomyluria; a 
sedative and hypnotic, used like heminal. 
gardenin (gar'den-in). A yellowish, crystalline 
body, C14H12O6, from Garde'nia lu' cida, or dikamali, 
a tree of southern Asia. 
Gardiner-Brown's test [Alfred Gardiner-Brown, 
an English otologist]. See test. 
Garel's sign (gar-elz') [Jean Garel, French physi- 
cian, born 1852]. See sign. 
Garg. Abbreviation for L. gargaris'mus, gargle. 
gargarism (gaFgar-izm) [Gr. yapyapiapa; L. gar- 
garis'ma]. A gargle or throat-wash. 
garget (gar'get). 1. Mastitis in the cow. 2. A 
disease of swine characterized by loss of appetite 
and staggering gait. 
gargle (gar'gl) [L. gargaris'ma]. A solution used 
for rinsing the mouth and throat. 
Gariel's pessary (gar-e-elz') [Maurice Gariel, 
French physician, 1812-1878]. See pessary. 
Garland's curve, triangle (gar'landz) [George 
Minott Garland, American physician, born 1848]. 
See curve and triangle. 
garlic (gar'lik). See Allium. 
garnothol (gar'no-thol). A proprietary antiseptic 
and antisyphilitic agent containing iodin. 
garofen (gar'o-fen). An analgesic and antipyretic 
remedy. 
garotilha (gar-o-til'hah). Anthrax of cattle in Brazil. GARROD'S TEST 
454 
GASTROCHRONORRHEA 
Garrod's test (gar'ods) [Alfred Baring Garrod, 
London physician, 1819-1907]. See test. 
garrot (gar'ot). An instrument for compressing 
an artery by twisting a circular bandage about a 
part; a form of tourniquet. 
garrulity (gar-u'lit-e). Talkativeness, g. of the 
vulva. Same as flatus vaginalis. 
Garrya (gar'e-ah) [after Garry]. A genus of 
cornaceous plants. G. fremont'ii, the fever-bush 
of California, is tonic and antiperiodic. Dose of 
fluidextract of leaves, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
Gartner's bacillus (gairt'nerz) [August Gartner, 
German bacteriologist, born 1848]. The Bacillus 
enterilidis. 
Gartner's canal, duct (gart'nerz) [Karl F. Gart- 
ner, a Danish anatomist, 1785-1827]. See duct. 
Gartner's phenomenon, tonometer (gairt'- 
nerz) [G. Gartner, Austrian physician, born 1855]. 
See phenomenon and tonometer. 
gas (gas). Any elastic aeriform fluid, asphyxiat- 
ing g., carbon monoxid used as a poisonous gas in 
warfare, hemolytic g. See ar sin. laughing- 
g., nitrous oxid, N2O: given by inhalation as an 
anesthetic, chiefly in dentistry, marsh-g. See 
methane. mustard g., dichlorethyl sulphid. 
olefiant g. See ethylene, sewer-g., the mix- 
ture of gases and vapors from a sewer; often 
dangerous from the contained bacteria and from 
other materials resulting from the decay of organic 
matter, sneezing g. See diphenylchlorarsin. 
suffocating g. See phosgene and diphosgene. 
tear g. See xylol, vesicating g., dichlorethyl 
sulphid. vomiting g., chloropicrin. 
gaseous (gas'e-us). Of the nature of a gas. 
Gaskell's bridge (gas'kelz) [Walter Holbrook Gas- 
kell, English physiologist, 1847-1914]. See bridge. 
gaskin (gas'kin). The thigh of a horse. 
gasometer (gas-om'et-er). An instrument for de- 
termining the amount of gas present in a mixture. 
The instrument is used for calorimetry by the in- 
direct method. 
gasometric (gas-o-met'rik). Pertaining to gasom- 
etry. g. analysis. •See analysis. 
gasometry (gas-om'et-re) [gas 4- Gr. perpoo meas- 
ure]. The chemic determination of the amount 
of gas present in a mixture. 
gasserectomy (gas-er-ek'to-me) [gasserian 4- 
Gr. tKTopq excision]. Surgical removal of the 
gasserian ganglion. 
gasserian (gas-e're-an). Discovered by or named 
in honor of A. P. Gasserius, 1505-1577. See under 
ganglion. 
gassing (gas'ing). The use of irrespirable gases in 
warfare. 
gasteralgia (gas-ter-al'je-ah). Same as gastralgia. 
gasterangiemphraxis (gas"ter-an-je-em-fraks'is) 
[Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- ayyeiov vessel 4- lp<ppa^cs 
obstruction]. Obstruction of the blood-vessels 
of the stomach. 
gasterasthenia (gas-ter-as-the'ne-ah). Same as 
gastrasthenia. 
gasteremphraxis (gas-ter-em-fraks'is). Same as 
gasterangiemphraxis. 
gasterhysterotomy (gas"ter-his-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
yaarqp belly 4- varepa uterus 4- ropq cut]. The 
cesarean operation or section; delivery of the 
fetus by cutting through the uterine and abdom- 
inal walls. 
gasterin (gas'ter-in). A preparation of the gas- 
tric juice of dogs: used in treatment of chyluria. 
gastradenitis (gas-trad-en-i'tis) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- abqv gland 4- -tris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the stomach glands. 
gastralgia (gas-tral'je-ah) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the stomach, appendicu- 
lar g., pain in the stomach due to lesion of the 
vermiform appendix. 
gastralgokenosis (gas-tral-go-ken-o'sis) [Gr. yaa- 
rqp belly + aXyos pain 4- Kevcoais emptiness]. Par- 
oxysmal gastric pain when the stomach is empty, 
and which is easily relieved by taking food. 
gastraneuria (gas-trah-nu're-ah) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach + a neg. + vevpov nerve]. Impaired nervous 
tone of the stomach. 
gastrasthenia (gas-tras-the'ne-ah) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- asthenia], A feeble or weak state of 
the functions of the stomach. 
gastratrophia (gas-trat-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- aTpotpla atrophy]. Atrophy of the 
stomach. 
gastrectasia, gastrectasis (gas-trek-ta'ze-ah, 
gas-trek'ta-sis) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- exraais 
stretching]. Dilatation of the stomach. 
gastrectomy (gas-trek'to-me) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 
4- in out 4- ropq cut]. The cutting out or re- 
moval of any part of the stomach. 
gastrectosis (gas-trek-to'sis). Gastrectasia. 
gastric (gas'trik) [L. gas'tricus; Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach]. Pertaining to the stomach. 
gastricin (gas'tris-in). A proprietary digestant 
preparation. 
gastricism (gas'tris-izm). Any gastric disorder, 
such as dyspepsia or indigestion. 
gastrin (gas'trin) [Gr. yaarqp stomach]. A sub- 
stance existing in the gastric mucous membrane 
and having the power of exciting the secretion of 
gastric juice. 
gastrine (gas'trin). A therapeutic extract of the 
stomach of the ox or of the dog. 
gastritic (gas-trit'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with gastritis. 
gastritis (gas-tri'tis) [Gr. yaarqp stomach]. In- 
flammation of the stomach, atrophic g., chronic 
gastritis with atrophy of the mucous membrane 
and glands, catarrhal g., inflammation of the 
mucous membrane ot the stomach, with hyper- 
trophy of the membrane, secretion of an exces- 
sive quantity of mucus, and alteration of the gas- 
tric juice. The condition is marked by loss of 
appetite, nausea, pain, vomiting, and tympanic 
distention of the stomach, exfoliative g., 
chronic gastritis in which bits of the surface of the 
mucous membrane are shed, follicular g., in- 
flammation of the glands of the stomach. g. 
granulomato'sa fibroplas'tica, benign hyper- 
trophy of the pylorus; linitis plastica. hyper- 
trophic g., gastritis with infiltration and en- 
largement of the glands, mycotic g., gastritis 
caused by fungi, phlegmonous g., a variety 
with abscesses in the stomach-walls, polypous 
g., hypertrophic gastritis with polypus-like pro- 
jections into the stomach, pseudomembran- 
ous g., a variety in which false membranes occur 
in patches within the stomach. 
gastro- [Gr. yaarqp stomach], A prefix denoting 
some relation to the stomach. 
gastro-adynamic (gas"tro-ad-in-am'ik). Marked 
by an adynamic condition of the stomach. 
gastro-albumorrhea (gas"tro-al-bu-mo-re'ah) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach4- albumin 4* Gr. poca flow]. The 
secretion of protein matter by the stomach. 
gastro-anastomosis (gas"tro-an-as-to-mo'sis). 
Same as gastrogastrostomy. 
gastro-atonia (gas"tro-at-o'ne-ah). Atony of the 
stomach. 
gastroblennorrhea (gas"tro-blen-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- blennorrhea}. Excessive secre- 
tion of mucus by the stomach. 
gastrobrosis (gas-tro-bro'sis) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 
4- fdp&ats eating]. Perforation of the stomach- 
wall by a corrosive or ulcerative process. 
gastrocele (gas'tro-sel) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4~ 
KqXq hernia]. Hernial protrusion of the stomach 
or of a gastric pouch. 
gastrochronorrhea (gas"tro-kron-o-re'ah) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- ypbvos time 4- poca flowing]. 
Chronic gastric hypersecretion. 
gastrocnemius (gas-trok-ne'me-us) [Gr. yaarqp 
belly 4- Kvqpq leg]. See muscles, table of. 
gastroccele (gas'tro-sel) [Gr. yaarqp belly 4- 
koIXos hollow]. The cavity of the archenteron in 
the gastrula, forming the primitive digestive cavity 
of the embryo. 
gastrocolic (gas-tro-kol'ik). Pertaining to the 
stomach and colon. 
gastrocolitis (gas"tro-ko-li'tis) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach 4" koXov colon 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the stomach and colon. 
gastrocoloptosis (gas"tro-ko-lop-to'sis) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- colon 4- Gr. irr&ais falling]. 
Downward displacement of the stomach and colon. 
gastrocolostomy (gas"tjo-ko-los'to-me) [Gr. yaa- 
rqp stomach 4- koXov colon 4- arbpa mouth]. The 
creation of an artificial passage from the stomach 
to the colon. 
gastrocolotomy (gas"tro-ko-lot'o-me) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- koXov colon 4- ropq a cut]. Incision 
of the stomach and colon. 
gastrocolpotomy (gas"tro-kol-pot'o-me) [Gr. yaa- 
rqp stomach 4- koXitos vagina 4- ropq a cutting]. 
Incision of the vagina through the abdominal 
wall. 
gastrodialysis (gas-tro-di-al'is-is) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- biaXvais separation]. Sloughing of the 
gastric mucous membrane. 
gastrodiaphane (gas-tro-di'af-an) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- bia through 4- tpalveiv to show]. A 
small electric light to be introduced into the stom- 
ach in gastrodiaphany. 
gastrodiaphanoscopy (gas"tro-di-af-an-os'ko-pe) 
[Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- bid through 4- tpalveiv to 
show 4- aKoireiv to see]. Same as gastrodiaphany. 
gastrodiaphany (gas"tro-di-af'an-e) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- bed through 4- <palvetv to show]. The 
exploration of the stomach by means of an elec- 
tric lamp passed down the esophagus. 
gastrodidymus (gas-tro-did'im-us) [gastro- 4- Gr. 
blbvpos twin]. A double monster-fetus with one 
abdomen. 
Gastrodis'cus (Gastrodiscoi'des) hom'inis. 
Same as Amphistoma hominis. 
gastrodisk (gas'tro-disk). The germinal disk. 
gastroduodenal (gas"tro-du-o-de'nal). Pertain- 
ing to the stomach and duodenum. 
gastroduodenitis (gas"tro-du-od-en-i'tis) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- duodenitis]. An inflammation 
of the stomach and duodenum. 
gastroduodeno-enterostomy(gas"tro-du-o-de"- 
no-en-ter-os'to-me). The operation of establishing 
an artificial communication between the stomach 
and the duodenum. 
gastroduodenoscopy (gas"tro-du-o-den-os'ko-pe) 
[Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- duodenum 4- Gr. aKoireiv 
to examine]. Examination of the stomach and 
duodenum through the gastroscope by an incision 
through the stomach-wall. 
gastroduodenostomy (gas"tro-du-o-den-os' to- 
me) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- duodenum 4- Gr. aropa 
mouth]. The surgical creation of an artificial 
passage from the stomach to the duodenum. 
gastrodynia (gas-tro-din'e-ah) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach 4- 65wq pain]. Pain in the stomach. 
gastro-elytrotomy (gas"tro-el-it-rot'o-me) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- elytrotomy]. Same as gastro- 
colpotomy. 
gastro-enteralgia (gas"tro-en-ter-al'je-ah) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- evrepov intestine 4- aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the stomach and intestines. 
gastro-enteric (gas"tro-en-ter'ik) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- evrepov intestine]. Pertaining to the 
stomach and intestines. 
GASTROCNEMIUS 
455 
gastro-enteritis (gas"tro-en-ter-i'tis) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach + enteritis]. Inflammation of the stom- 
ach and intestines, g. paratypho'sa B, a con- 
dition caused by the Bacillus paratyphosus B. 
g. typho'sa, a form of gastro-enteritis caused by 
the typhoid bacillus. 
gastro-entero-anastomosis (gas"tro-en"ter-o- 
an-as-to-mo'sis). Anastomosis between the in- 
testine and the stomach-walls in gastro-enteros- 
tomy. 
gastro -enterocolitis (gas"tro-en-ter-o-ko-li'tis). 
Inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and 
colon. 
gastro-enterocolostomy (gas"tro-en"ter-o-ko- 
los'to-me) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- evrepov intes- 
tine + koXov colon + arbpa mouth]. The opera- 
tion of forming a passage between the stomach, in- 
testine, and colon. 
gastro-enterologist (gas"tro-en-ter-ol'o-jist). A 
practitioner who specializes in diseases of the 
stomach and intestine. ' 
gastro-enterology (gas"tro-en-ter-ol'o-je) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach + evrepov intestine + Xoyos 
treatise]. The study of the stomach and intestine 
and their diseases. 
gastro-enteroplasty (gas"tro-en'ter-o-plas-te). 
Gastroplasty combined with enteroplasty. 
gastro-enteroptosis (gas"tro-cn-ter-op-to'sis) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- evrepov intestine 4- irr&ais 
falling]. Falling down, or prolapse, of the stomach 
and intestines. 
gastro-enterostomy (gas"tro-en-ter-os'to-me) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach + evrepov intestine + arbpa 
mouth]. The creation of an artificial passage 
between the stomach and intestines. 
gastro-enterotomy (gas"tro-en-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- evrepov intestine + ropq cut- 
ting]. Surgical incision of the stomach and intes- 
tine. 
gastro-epiploic (gas"tro-ep-ip-lo'ik) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach + ewtirXoov caul]. Pertaining to the 
stomach and epiploon. 
gastro-esophageal (gas"tro-e-sof-a'je-al) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- olao<p.ayos gullet]. Pertaining 
to the stomach and esophagus. 
gastro-esophagitis (gas"tro-e-sof-aj-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the stomach and esophagus. 
gastro -e sophago stomy (gas" tro-e-sof-ag-os' to- 
me). The operation of forming an anastomosis 
between the stomach and the esophagus: done 
for stricture of the lower end of the esophagus. 
gastrofaradization (gas"tro-far-ad-iz-a'shun). 
The therapeutic application of faradism to the 
stomach. 
gastrogalvanization (gas"tro-gal-van-iz-a'shun). 
The therapeutic application of galvanism to the 
stomach. 
gastrogastrostomy (gas"tro-gas-tros'to-me) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- yaarqp stomach 4- arbpa 
mouth]. The formation of an anastomosis be- 
tween the pyloric and cardiac ends of the stomach, 
performed for hour-glass contraction of the stom- 
ach. 
gastrogen (gas'tro-jen). A proprietary neutralizing 
indigestion remedy. 
gastrogenic (gas-tro-jen'ik). Formed or originating 
in the stomach. 
gastrograph (gas'tro-graf) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- 
ypaipecv to record]. An apparatus for recording 
the motions of the stomach. 
gastrohelcosis (gas"tro-hel-ko'sis) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- eX/cos ulcer]. Ulceration of the stomach. 
gastrohepatic (gas"tro-he-pat'ik) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- qirap liver]. Pertaining to the stomach 
and liver. 
gastrohepatitis (gas"tro-hep-at-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the stomach and liver. 
gastrohydrorrhea (gas"tro-hi-dro-re'ah) [Gr. yaa- 
rqp stomach 4- Wwp water 4- poia flow]. The 
GASTROHYDRORRHEA GASTROHYPERNEURIA 
456 
GASTROPTYXIS 
secretion by the stomach of a quantity of watery 
fluid deficient in hydrochloric acid and gastric 
ferments. 
gastrohyperneuria, gastrohypernervia (gas"- 
tro-hi-per-nu're-ah, gas"tro-hi-per-ner've-ah) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach + virep over 4- vevpov nerve]. 
Excessive activity of the nerves of the stomach. 
gastrohypertonic (gas"tro-hi-per-ton'ik). Marked 
by excessive tonicity of the stomach. 
gastrohyponeuria, gastrohyponervia (gas"- 
tro-hi-po-nu're-ah, gas"tro-hi-po-ner've-ah) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach + vir6 under + vevpov nerve]. 
Defective activity of the nerves of the stomach. 
gastrohysterectomy (gas"tro-his-ter-ek'to-me) 
[Gr. yaarqp stomach + varepa womb + hcropq 
excision]. Removal of the uterus through an 
abdominal cut. 
gastrohysteropexy (gas"tro-his'ter-o-peks-e) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach + varepa womb 4- irqyvvvai to 
fix]. Ventrofixation of the uterus; the fastening of 
a displaced uterus to the ventral wall. 
gastrohysterorrhaphy (gas"tro-his-ter-or'af-e) 
[Gr. yaarqp stomach 4* varepa womb 4- pa<pq 
suture]. Same as gastrohysteropexy. 
gastrohysterotomy (gas"tro-his-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
yaarqp belly + varepa womb 4- ropq cut]. The 
cesarean section; the delivery of a fetus through 
an incision of the uterine and abdominal walls. 
gastro-intestinal (gas"tro-in-tes'tin-al) [Gr. yaa- 
rqp stomach 4- intestinal]. Pertaining to the 
stomach and intestine. 
gastrojejuno-esophagostomy (gas"tro-jej"u- 
no-e-sof-ag-os'to-me). Same as esophagojejuno- 
gastrostomosis. 
gastrojejunostomy (gas"tro-jej-u-nos'to-me) 
[gastro- 4- jejunostomy]. The formation of an 
artificial passage from the stomach to the jejunum. 
gastrokateixia (gas-tro-kat-ik'se-ah). Displace- 
ment of the stomach. 
gastrokinesograph (gas"tro-kin-es'o-graf) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach 4- Kivqais motion 4~ ypaipeiv to 
record]. A device for recording the mechanic 
motions of the stomach. 
gastrolienal (gas-tro-li'en-al) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach 4- L. li'en spleen]. Pertaining to the stomach 
and spleen. 
gastrolith (gas'tro-lith) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- 
XiOos stone], A calcareous or other concretion 
formed in the stomach. 
gastrolithiasis (gas"tro-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- XiOos stone]. Ill health associated 
with the formation of gastroliths. 
gastrologist (gas-trol'o-jist). A specialist in dis- 
eases of the stomach. 
gastrology (gas-trol'o-je) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4~ 
Xoyos treatise]. The sum of knowledge regarding 
the stomach. 
gastrolysis (gas-trol'is-is) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- 
Xvais loosening]. The operation of loosening thes 
stomach from adhesions. 
gastromalacia (gas"tro-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- paXaKia softening]. An abnormal 
softening or softness of the wall of the stomach. 
gastromegaly (gas-tro-meg'al-e) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- peyas large]. Enlargement of the 
stomach. 
gastromelus (gas-trom'el-us) [Gr. yaarqp belly 4- 
peXos limb]. A monster-fetus with a leg or legs 
attached to the abdomen. 
gastromenia (gas-tro-me'ne-ah) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- pqv month]. Vicarious menstruation 
through the stomach. 
gastromeningitis (gas"tro-men-in-ji'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the stomach and the cerebral meninges. 
gastromycosis (gas"tro-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach 4- pi>Kqs fungus]. A disease of the 
stomach caused by fungi. 
gastromyxin (gas-tro-miks'in). A proprietary 
preparation of pepsin. 
gastromyxorrhea (gas"tro-miks-or-e'ah) [Gr 
yaarqp stomach 4- pv^os mucus 4- pot a flow]. 
Excessive secretion of mucus by the stomach. 
gastron (gas'tron). A proprietary solution of the 
gastric tissue juice obtained from the mucosa of the 
fresh stomach of the pig; it is said to have the en- 
zyme properties of the gastric secretion and is used 
in gastric disorders. Dose, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
gastronephritis (gas"tro-nef-ri'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the stomach and kidney. 
gastronesteostomy (gas"tro-nes-te-os'to-me) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach + jejunum 4- arbpa open- 
ing], Same as gastrojejunostomy. 
gastropancreatitis (gas"tro-pan-kre-at-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the stomach and pancreas. 
gastroparalysis (gas"tro-par-al'is-is). Paralysis 
of the stomach. 
gastroparesis (gas-tro-par'es-is) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach + irapeais paralysis]. Paralysis of the 
stomach. 
gastroparietal (gas"tro-par-i'et-al). Pertaining to 
the stomach and the body-wall. 
gastropathic (gas-tro-path'ik). Pertaining to 
disease of the stomach. 
gastropathy (gas-trop'ath-e) [Gr. yaarqp belly + 
iraOos suffering]. Any disease of the stomach. 
gastroperiodynia (gas"tro-per-e-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. 
yaarqp stomach + ireplobos period + 68vvq pain]. 
Periodic attacks of pain. 
gastroperitonitis (gas"tro-per-it-o-ni'tis). In- 
flammation of the stomach and peritoneum. 
gastropexy (gas'tro-pek-se) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 
+ irqyvvvai to fix or fasten]. The operation of 
suturing the stomach to the abdominal wall for 
the cure of displacement. 
Gastrophilus (gas-trof'il-us). A genus of dipterous 
insects of the family Estridae. G. e'qui is the bot-fly 
whose larva infests horses. The larvae of G. 
epUepsa'lis are supposed to cause creeping eruption 
(larva migrans). G. hemorrhoida'lis, the horse 
bot-fly, found in Russia, sometimes infests man. 
gastrophore (gas'tro-fbr) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 4- 
<popbs bearing]. An instrument for fixing the 
stomach and coaptating its walls during operations 
upon that organ. 
gastrophrenic (gas-tro-fren'ik) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach + <ppqv diaphragm]. Pertaining to the stom- 
ach and diaphragm. 
gastrophthisis (gas-trof'this-is) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach -|- ip6iai.s wasting]. Hyperplasia of the gastric 
mucosa and submucosa, leading to thickening of 
the stomach-walls and diminution of its cavity. 
gastroplasty (gas'tro-plas-te) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 
+ rrXaaaeiv to form]. Plastic operation on the 
stomach, done for correction of deformity, such as 
hour-glass contraction. 
gastroplegia (gas-tro-ple'je-ah) [Gr. yaarqp stom- 
ach fl- irXqyq stroke]. Paralysis of the stomach- 
walls. 
gastropleuritis (gas"tro-plu-ri'tis). Inflammation 
of the stomach and the pleura. 
gastroplication (gas"tro-pli-ka'shun) [Gr. yaarqp 
stomach + L. plica're to fold]. The surgical cure 
of a dilated stomach by means of stitching a fold 
in the stomach or by the removal of a fold of its 
walls. 
gastropneumonic (gas"tro-nu-mon'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the stomach and lungs. 
gastroptosia (gas-trop-to'se-ah). Same as gas- 
tro ptosis. 
gastroptosis (gas-trop-to'sis) [Gr. yaarqp stomach 
+ irr foais falling]. Downward displacement of 
the stomach. 
gastroptyxis, gastroptyxy (gas-tro-tiks'is, gas'- GASTROPULMONARY 
457 
GAULTHEROLIN 
tro-tiks-e) [Gr. yaarqp stomach + tctv^s a fold- 
ing]. An operation for reducing a dilated stomach, 
consisting of the passing of a series of parallel 
threads through the outer coat of the anterior 
aspect of the stomach from the upper to the 
lower margin and then drawing them tight. 
gastropulmonary (gas-tro-pul'mo-na-re) [Gr. yaa- 
rqp stomach + L. pid'mo lung]. Pertaining to 
the gastric and pulmonary tracts. 
gastropylorectomy (gas"tro-pi-lo-rek'to-me) [Gr. 
yaarr)p stomach + iruAwpos pylorus + eKropr) ex- 
cision]. Excision of the pyloric portion of the 
stomach. 
gastropyloric (gas"tro-pi-lor'ik). Pertaining to the 
stomach and pylorus. 
gastroradiculitis (gas"tro-rad-ik-u-li'tis) [Gr. 
yaaT-qp stomach + L. ra'dix root + -itis inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the posterior roots of 
spinal nerves involving irritation of the sensory 
fibers in them which are connected with the 
stomach. 
gastrorrhagia (gas-tror-a'je-ah) [Gr. yaar^p 
stomach + pqyvbvaL to break forth]. Hemorrhage 
from the stomach. 
gastrorrhaphy (gas-tror'af-e) [Gr. yaar^p stom- 
ach + pa<pi) suture]. 1. The suture of a wound of 
the stomach. 2. Same as gastroplication. 
gastrorrhea, gastrorrhcea (gas-tror-e'ah) [Gr. 
yaaryp stomach + poia flow]. Excessive secre- 
tion of mucus or gastric juice in the stomach, g. 
contin'ua chron ica, gastrosuccorrhea. 
gastrosalpingotomy (gas"tro-sal-pin-got'o-me) 
[Gr. yaarrip belly + salpingotomy} Incision of 
the oviduct by abdominal section. 
gastrosan (gas'tro-san). Bismuth disalicylate, con- 
taining 50 per cent, of salicylic acid. 
gastroschisis (gas-tros'kis-is) [Gr. yaarqp belly + 
uxicris cleft]. A congenital malformation in which 
the abdomen remains open. 
gastroscope (gas'tro-skop) [Gr. yaarrip stomach + 
(TKoireiv to see]. An instrument for inspecting the 
interior of the stomach. 
gastroscopic (gas-tro-skop'ik). Pertaining to gas- 
troscopy or the gastroscope. 
gastroscopy (gas-tros'ko-pe) [Gr. yaaryp stomach 
+ aKOTreiv to inspect]. The inspection of the in- 
terior of the stomach by means of the gastro- 
scope. lower g. Same as laparogastroscopy. 
gastrosia fungosa (gas-tro'se-ah fun-go'sa). The 
development of molds in the stomach. 
gastrosis (gas-tro'sis) [Gr. yao rqp stomach]. Any 
disease of the stomach. 
gastrospasm (gas'tro-spazm) [Gr. yaaTqp stomach 
-f- spasm}. Spasm of the stomach. 
gastrosplenic (gas-tro-splen'ik) [gastric + splenic}. 
Pertaining to the stomach and spleen. 
gastrostaxis (gas-tro-staks'is). The oozing of 
blood from the mucous membrane of the stomach. 
gastrostenosis (gas"tro-sten-o'sis) [Gr. yaarrip 
stomach -f- areraxTis narrowing]. Contraction or 
shrinkage of the stomach. 
gastrostogavage (gas-tros"to-gav-ahzh'). Feeding 
through a gastric fistula. 
gastrostolavage (gas-tros"to-lav-ahzh'). Washing 
of the stomach through a gastric fistula. 
gastrostoma (gas-tros'to-mah) [Gr. yaar-qp stom- 
ach + aropa mouth]. A gastric fistula. 
gastrostomize (gas-tros'to-miz). To perform gas- 
trostomy upon. 
gastrostomosis (gas-tros-to-mo'sis). Same as gas- 
trostomy. 
gastrostomy (gas-tros'to-me) [Gr. yatrrqp stomach 
+ aropa mouth]. The creation of an artificial 
gastric fistula. 
gastrosuccorrhea (gas"tro-suk-or-e'ah) [Gr. yaa- 
rqp stomach + L. suc'cus juice -f- Gr. poia flow]. 
Excessive and continuous secretion of gastric 
juice. Called also Reichmann's disease, diges- 
tive g., a condition in which there is excessive 
secretion of gastric juice during digestion only, 
g. muco sa, excessive secretion of mucus by the 
stomach. 
gastrothoracopagus (gas"tro-tho-rak-op'ag-us) 
[Gr. yaarrip belly + chest + sr ay os 
joined]. A double monster joined at the abdomen 
and thorax, g. dipy'gus, a double monster in 
which there is attached to the abdomen of the 
autosite a parasite consisting of the pelvis and lower 
extremities only. 
gastrotome (gas'tro-tom). A cutting instrument 
used in gastrotomy. 
gastrotomy (gas-trot'o-me) [Gr. yaar-qp belly + 
repveiv to cut]. Incision of the stomach or ab- 
domen. 
gastrotoxin (gas-tro-tok'sin). A cytolysin pro- 
duced by injecting the mucous membrane of the 
cardiac end of the stomach of dogs into goats. 
It exerts a toxic effect on the stomach of dogs. 
gastrotrachelotomy (gas"tro-tra-kel-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. yaar-qp abdomen + rpax&os neck + repvecv 
to cut]. Cesarean section in which the uterus is- 
opened by a transverse cut across the cervix. 
gastrotubotomy (gas"tro-tu-bot'o-me) [gastro- + 
L. tu'ba -|- Gr. Topy cut]. Incision of an oviduct 
through the abdominal wall. 
gastrotympanites (gas"tro-tim-pan-i'tez) [gastro- 
+ tympanites}. Tympanitic distention of the 
stomach. 
gastroxia (gas-trok'se-ah) [Gr. yaarrjp belly + 6fus 
sour]. Same as gastroxynsis. 
gastroxynsis (gas-troks-in'sis) [Gr. yaar-qp stom- 
ach + o^vveiv to sharpen, exacerbate]. Excessive 
secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach; 
hyperchlorhydria. g. fungo'sa, a form due to 
the presence of molds in the stomach. 
gastrula (gas'tru-lah) [Gr. yaarr/p belly]. That 
early embryonic stage which follows the blastula, 
and in which the embryo consists of two layers, 
the ectoderm and the endoderm, and of two cav- 
ities, one lying between the ectoderm and the 
endoderm; the other (the archenteron) formed 
by invagination so as to lie within the endoderm 
and having an opening (the blastopore). 
gastrulation (gas-tru-la'shun). The passage of 
the embryo from the blastula to the gastrula 
stage. 
gasu-basu (ga"su-ba'su). An Indian plant from 
which nervosidin is derived. 
gathering (gath'er-ing). An abscess or swell- 
ing. 
gatism (ga'tizm) [Fr. gdter to spoil]. Rectal, vesical,, 
or rectovesical incontinence. 
gatophobia (gat-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. yaros cat + 
cpo^os fear]. Morbid dread of cats. 
Gaucher's disease (go-shaz') [Phillipe Charles 
Ernest Gaucher, French physician, 1854-1918]. See 
disease. 
Gaultheria (gawl-the're-ah) [after Gaultier}. A 
genus of ericaceous plants. The leaves of G. 
procum'bens, of North America, teaberry, check- 
erberry, or wintergreen, afford a fragrant volatile 
oil rich in methyl salicylate. The oil is used as a 
flavoring agent, in acute rheumatism, and as a 
local antiseptic in wounds and in cystitis. Dose 
of oil (p'leum gaulthe1 ria), 3-10 min. (0.2-0.666 
c.c.); of essence (spir'itus gaulthe'ria), 10-20 min. 
(0.666-1.333 c.c.). 
gaultherin (gawl-the'rin). 1. A glucosid from the 
bark of the black birch. It is CuHisOs, and on 
hydrolysis yields glucose and methyl salicylate. 
2. A sodium salt of methyl salicylate, C6H4- 
COOCHgONa: used in rheumatism. 
gaultherolin (gawl-ther'o-lin). Artificial oil of 
wintergreen, or methyl salicylate. Dose, 40 min, 
(2.666 c.c.). gauss (gaws). The unit of intensity in a magnetic 
field. 
gauze (gawz). A light, open-meshed variety of 
muslin or similar material. Before use in surgery 
it is usually rendered aseptic and is frequently 
impregnated with various antiseptics, as iodoform 
gauze, borated gauze, sublimated gauze, etc. 
gavage (gah-vahzh') [Fr.]. Feeding by the stom- 
ach-tube; also the therapeutic use of a very full 
diet. 
Gavard's muscle (gah-vahrz') [Hyacinthe Gavard, 
French anatomist, 1753-1802]. See muscles, table of. 
Gayet's disease (ga-yaz') [Prudent Gayet, contem- 
porary French surgeon]. See disease. 
gayle (ga'le). A sort of puerperal fever in ewes 
during the lambing season. It is caused by 
Staphylococcus hcemorrhagicus and is communi- 
cable to man in the form of a local skin eruption 
on the hands of those who skin the ewes. 
Gay-Lussac's law (ga-le-sahks') [Joseph Louis 
Gay-Lussac, French naturalist, 1778-1850]. See 
under law. 
gazotherm (ga'zo-therm). A device for performing 
dental fillings painlessly. A stream of oxygen is 
directed against the tooth to be filled. The tem- 
perature of the oxygen is lowered by passing it 
through a cylinder of compressed carbon dioxid. 
The intense cold so produced freezes the pulp so 
that the tooth becomes insensitive. 
gcushuwa (goosh'u-wah). A venereal disease re- 
sembling yaws, occurring among the Kaffirs. 
Gd. Chemical symbol for gadolinium. 
Ge. Chemic symbol for germanium. 
geatolose (je-at'o-los). Synthetic mucocolloidal 
creosotal, used in cholera morbus. 
Gegenbauer's cells (ga'gen-bow-ers) [Carl Geg- 
enbauer, German anatomist, 1826-1903], Osteo- 
blasts. 
Geigel's reflex (gi'gelz) [Richard Geigel, German 
physician, born 1859]. See reflex. 
Geissler's test (gis'lerz) [Ernst Geissler, German 
physician in the nineteenth century]. See test. 
Geissler's tube (gis'lerz) [Heinrich Geissler, Ger- 
man physicist, 1814-1879]. See under tube. 
geissospermin (gi-so-sper'min). A poisonous 
alkaloid, C19H24N2O2 + H2O, derived from Geis- 
sospe/mum lodve, a tree of tropical America. 
gel (jel). A colloid which is firm in consistence, 
though containing much liquid; a colloid in a gel- 
atinous form. See sol. g. test. See under tests. 
Gel. quav. Abbreviation for L. gelati'na qua'vis, in 
any kind of jelly. 
gelante, gelanthum (jel-an'te, jel-an'thum). A 
preparation of tragacanth, gelatin, glycerin, rose- 
water, thymol, etc.: used as an antiseptic dress- 
ing and vehicle for the application of skin medic- 
aments. cuticolor g., Armenian bole, 0.02 
gm.; eosin (1 : 500), 2 drops; zinc oxid, 4 gm.; 
glycerin, 3 c.c.; gelanthum, 20 gm.: used in skin 
diseases. 
gelase (jel'as). An enzyme which is able to split 
agar-agar. 
gelasin (jel'as-in). A preparation of agar-agar, 
gelate (jel'at). To form a gel. 
gelatification (jel-at-if-ik-a'shun). Conversion into 
gelatin. 
gelatigenous (jel-at-ij'en-us). Producing or form- 
ing gelatin. 
gelatin (jel'at-in) [L. gelati'na, gela're to congeal]. 
1. An albuminoid from various animal tissues; a 
colorless, transparent substance, hard when dry, 
but becoming jelly-like when moistened: glue and 
size are forms of it. It is much used in pharmacy 
and the arts. Gelatin has been used subcutane- 
ously to arrest internal hemorrhage and to cause 
coagulation in sacculated aneurysms. 2. A bac- 
teriologic culture-medium solidified with gelatin. 
GAUSS 
458 
GELATOSE 
See also under culture-medium, agar g., nutrient 
bouillon solidified by 5 per cent, of gelatin and 0.3 
per cent, of agar-agar, carbolized g., nutrient 
gelatin containing 0.5 per cent, of phenol, g.- 
culture, a bacterial culture preparation with 
gelatin for its basis, dextrose g., nutrient 
gelatin containing 2 per cent, of dextrose, g.- 
disk, a disk of medicated gelatin used for the 
treatment of the eye. Elsner's potato g. See 
potato g. fish g., fish bouillon solidified with 10 
per cent, of gelatin, formalin-g. See glutol. 
glucose-formate g., nutrient gelatin contain- 
ing 2 per cent, of glucose and 0.4 per cent, of 
sodium formate, glycerinated g., a preparation 
of equal parts of gelatin and glycerin. Goadsby's 
potato g. See potato g. Guarniari's agar g. 
See agar g. Heller's urine g. See urine g. 
Japanese g., agar-agar. Kitasato's glucose- 
formate g. See glucose-formate g. lactose- 
litmus g., nutrient gelatin containing 2 per cent, 
of lactose and sufficient litmus solution to color the 
medium a deep lavender, litmus g., nutrient 
gelatin containing sufficient litmus to give it a deep 
lavender color, litmus whey g., litmus whey 
solidified with gelatin, meat extract g., meat 
extract bouillon solidified with 10 per cent, of 
gelatin, meat infusion g. See nutrient g. 
medicated g., gelatin mixed with medicated 
substances: for local application, nutrient g., 
a bacteriologic culture-medium consisting of 
nutrient bouillon solidified with 10 per cent, of 
gelatin, g.-peptone, a product of the digestion 
of gelatin. Piorkowski's g., a medium for cul- 
tivating typhoid bacillli, containing 5 gm. of pep- 
tone, 33 gm. of gelatin, to the liter of urine of 1020 
specific gravity, potato g. 1. A cold water ex- 
tract of grated potatoes containing 1 per cent, of 
potassium iodid and solidified with 15 per cent, of 
gelatin. 2. Glycerin potato broth solidified with 
10 per cent, of gelatin, silk-g. See sericin. 
g.-sugar, the same as glycocoll, sulphindigo- 
tate g., nutritive gelatin containing 2 per cent, of 
glucose and 0.1 per cent, of sodium sulphindigotate. 
urine g. (Heller), plain urine gelatin containing 
1 per cent, of peptone, | per cent, of salt, and made 
neutral to litmus, urine g. (plain), freshly passed 
urine solidified with 10 per cent, of gelatin, vege- 
table g., a gelatin-like matter obtained from 
vegetable tissues. Weyl's sulphindigotate 
g. See sulphindigotate g. g. of Wharton, the 
jelly-like tissue of the umbilical cord, wheyg., 
whey obtained from fresh milk by curdling it with 
rennet and solidified with 10 per cent, of gel- 
atin. wort g., beer-wort culture-medium solid- 
ified with 10 per cent, of gelatin. Wurtz's 
lactose litmus g. See lactose litmus g. 
gelatinase (jel-at'in-as). An enzyme which lique- 
fies gelatin, but does not affect fibrin of egg- 
albumin. It occurs among bacteria, molds, yeasts, 
etc. 
gelatiniferous (jel"at-in-if'er-us) [L. gelati'na 
gelatin + fer're to bear]. Producing gelatin. 
gelatinize (jel-at'in-iz). 1. To convert into gel- 
atin. 2. To become converted into gelatin. 
gelatinoid (jel-at'in-oid). Resembling gelatin. 
gelatinolytic (jel"at-in-o-lit'ik) [gelatin + Gr. 
Xtms dissolution]. Dissolving or splitting up 
gelatin. 
gelatinosa (jel"at-in-o'sah) [L.]. The substantia 
gelatinosa. 
gelatinous (jel-at'in-us) [L. gelatino'sus]. Like 
jelly or softened gelatin. 
gelatinum (jel-at-i'num). Latin for gelatin, g. 
glycerina'tum, glycerinated gelatin. 
gelation (jel-a'shun). The change of a sol into a 
gel. 
gelatol (jel'at-ol). An ointment-base made of 
gelatin, glycerin, oil, and water. 
gelatose (jel'at-os). An albumose formed by hy- 
drolysing gelatin by acid, alkalis, or a ferment. geliqua (ga-le'kwah). Pirquet's word formula 
representing ten times two-thirds of the body 
weight. 
Gelle's test (zhel-az') [Marie Ernest Gelle, French 
aurist, born 1834]. See test. 
gelodiagnosis (je"lo-di-ag-no'sis). A method of 
distinguishing between colon and typhoid bacilli. 
Lactose is added to cultures of the two bacteria 
on gelose to which phenol has been added. The 
culture of colon bacillus will cause fermentation 
of the lactose, the typhoid bacillus will not. 
gelodurat (jel-o-du'rat) [gelatin + L. du'ra hard]. 
A proprietary hardened gelatin used for capsules, 
gelol (je'lol). A proprietary remedy used in vagi- 
nal and urethral diseases. 
geloplasm (je'lo-plazm). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of gelatin and glycerin applied as an elastic 
protective covering. 
gelose (je'los). A carbohydrate, C8H10O5, from agar, 
gelosin (jel-o'sin). A mucilage from a Japanese 
sea-weed. 
gelotannin (jel-o-tan'in). A compound of tannin 
and gelatin: used as an antidiarrheic. 
gelotherapy, gelototherapy (jel-o-ther'ap-e, jel"- 
o-to-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 7eXws laughter + Oepaneia 
cure]. Treatment of disease by provoking laughter. 
gelsemin (jel'sem-in). 1. A poisonous alkaloid, 
C22H38N2O4, .from gelsemium. Dose, 
gr. (0.00022-0.00032 gm.). 2. A precipitate from 
the tincture of GelsFmium sempervi'rens. Dose, 
b'o-s's gr- (0.001-0.003 gm.). 
gelseminin (jel-sem'in-in). A brown, resinous 
alkaloid from gelsemium: therapeutically active. 
gelsemism (jel'se-mizm). Poisoning by gelse- 
mium. 
Gelsemium (jel-se'me-um) [L.]. A genus of poison- 
ous, loganiaceous climbing plants. The root of 
G. sempervi'rens, yellow jasmine of the southern 
United States, is a powerful sedative, a motor 
depressant, and diaphoretic: used in neuralgia, 
headache, chorea, delirium tremens, and in fevers; 
in muscular spasm, as whooping-cough, asthma, 
dysmenorrhea, etc. Dose of alcoholic extract, 
4-2 gr- (0.016-0.032 gm.); of fluidextract, 2-20 min. 
(0.133-1.333 c.c.); of tincture, 8-15 min. (0.533-1 
c.c.). 
gelsemiumism (jel-sem'e-um-izm). Habitual in- 
toxication with preparations of gelsemium. 
gelsemperin (jel-sem'per-in). A powdered con- 
centration from Gelse'mium sempervi'rens. Dose, 
|-r gr. (0.008-0.066 gm.). 
Gely's suture (zha-lez') [Jules AristideGely, French 
surgeon, 1806-1861]. See suture. 
gemellus (jem-el'us), pb gemel'li [L. " twin "]. 
See muscles, table of. 
geminate, geminous (jem'in-at, jem'in-us) [L. 
gemina'tus]. Paired; in pairs. 
gemma (jem'ah) [L. "bud"]. Any bud-like body or 
structure. 
gemmation (jem-a'shun) [L. gemma're to bud]. 
Reproduction by budding; a kind of reproduc- 
tion in cells in which a portion of the cell-body 
is thrust out and then broken off, forming a new 
individual. 
gemmule (jem'ul) [L. gem'mula, dim. of gem'ma 
bud]. 1. A reproductive bud; the immediate 
product of gemmation. 2. Any one of the many 
little excrescences upon the protoplasmic process 
of a nerve-cell. 
gen (jen). Same as gene. 
genal (je'nal) [L. ge'na cheek]. Pertaining to the 
cheek. 
gene (jen) [Gr. yev to produce]. A hereditary 
germinal factor which, either alone or in combina- 
tion with other factors, produces a single character. 
Called also factor. 
geneogenous (je-ne-oj'en-us) [Gr. yevea. birth + 
yevvav to produce]. Congenital. 
GELIQUA 
459 
genera (jen'er-ah). Plural of genus. 
general (jen'er-al) [L. genera'lis]. Affecting many 
parts or all pasts of the organism; not local. 
generalize (jen'er-al-Iz). To convert from a local 
to a general disease; to render general. 
generation (jen-er-a'shun) [L. genera'tio], The 
act or process of reproduction, alternate g., 
the alternate change from sexual to asexual gen- 
eration in the same species of animal or plant, 
asexual g., non-sexual g., reproduction of the 
species without any union of sexual elements, 
filial g. See If and F>. sexual g., reproduction 
by the union of male and female elements, spon- 
taneous g., the (theoretic) generation of living 
organisms from non-living matter. 
generative (jen'er-a-tiv). Pertaining to the repro- 
duction of the species. 
generic (jen-er'ik) [L. ge'nus, gen'eris kind]. Per- 
taining to a genus; also distinctive. 
generin (jen'er-in). The supposed oxidizing agent 
responsible for the induction of menstruation and 
gestation. 
genesial, genesic (jen-e'ze-al, je-nes'ik) [Gr. 
origin]. Pertaining to generation or to 
origin. 
genesiology (jen-e-ze-ol'o-je) [Gr. yevecns origin 
+ Xbyos treatise]. The sum of what is known 
concerning reproduction. 
genesis (jen'es-is) [Gr. yeueacs]. The coming into 
being of anything; the process of originating. 
genetic (jen-et'ik) [Gr. yep eats birth], i. Pertain- 
ing to reproduction, or to birth or origin. 2. 
Congenital or inherited. 
geneticist (jen-et'is-ist). A person interested in 
the study of genetics. 
genetics (jen-et'iks) [Gr. yewav to produce]. The 
science which deals with the origin of the char- 
acteristics of the individual; the study of heredity. 
genetopathy (jen-et-op'ath-e) [Gr. yeveins repro- 
duction + irados disease].' Disease affecting the 
reproductive functions. 
genetous (jen-et'us). Dating from fetal life. 
Geneva Convention. An international agree- 
ment of 1864, whereby the signatory nations 
pledged themselves to treat the wounded and the 
army medical and nursing staffs as neutrals on the 
field of battle. 
Gengou phenomenon (zhawgoo') [Octave Gengou, 
contemporary French bacteriologist]. Fixation of 
the complement. 
genial, genian (je'ne-al, je'ne-an) [Gr. yeveiov 
chin]. Pertaining to the chin. 
geniculate, geniculated (jen-ik'u-lat, jen-ik'u- 
la-ted) [L. genicula'tus]. Bent, like a knee. 
geniculum (je-nik'u-lum) [L. " a little knee "]. A 
sharp, knee-like bend in any small organ, as a nerve, 
g. cana'lis facia'lis [B N A], the bend in the 
facial canal which corresponds to the geniculum 
nervi facialis, g. ner'vi facia'lis [B N A], the 
bend in the root of the facial nerve, producing the 
eminentia facialis in the floor of the fourth ven- 
tricle. 
geniohyoglossus, geniohyoid (je"ne-o-hi-o- 
glos'us, je"ne-o-hi'oid). See muscles, table of. 
genion (je'ne-on) [Gr. y^vetov chin], A cranio- 
metric point situated at the apex of the lower 
genial tubercle. 
genioplasty (je'ne-o-plas-te) [Gr. yevetov chin 4- 
irXa.acreu' to shape]. Plastic surgery of the chin. 
genital (jen'it-al) [L. genita'lis genital]. Pertain- 
ing to the organs of generation or to reproduction. 
genitalia (jen-it-a'le-ah) [L. pl.]. The reproduc- 
tive organs. 
genitals (jen'it-als). The reproductive organs. 
genitocrural (jen"it-o-kru'ral) [genital + crural]. 
Pertaining to the genitalia and the leg. 
genitofemoral (jen"it-o-fem'or-al). Genitocrural. 
GENITOFEMORAL genitone (jen'it-6n). A proprietary preparation 
of goldenseal, black haw, pulsatilla, passiflora, 
life-root, and aromatics: used in leukorrhea and 
amenorrhea. 
genitoplasty (jen'it-o-plas-te) [genital + Gr. 
irXcuraeiv to mould]. Plastic surgery on the gen- 
ital organs. 
genito-urinary (jen"it-o-u'rin-ar-e). Pertaining 
to the genital and urinary organs. 
Gennari's band or line (jen-ah'rez) [Francisco 
Gennari, Italian anatomist of the eighteenth cen- 
tury], See line of Gennari. 
genodermatosis (jen"o-der-mat-o'sis) [Gr. yewap 
to produce + dermatosis. An hereditary skin 
disease. 
genoform (jen'o-form). A proprietary remedy for 
gout, rheumatism, and neuralgia, said to be the 
salicylic acid ester of methylene glycol. 
genotype (jen'o-tip). 1. The fundamental heredi- 
tary constitution (or combination of genes) of an 
organism. 2. A group of individuals having the 
same combination of hereditary characters; a 
biotype. 3. The type species of a genus. 
gentian (jen'shun) [L. gentia'na]. Any plant or 
species of the genus Gentia'na. The root of G. 
lu'tea is a bitter tonic and stomachic, and is used 
in dyspepsia and gastro-intestinal catarrh. Dose 
of extract, 1-10 gr. (0.066-0.666 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of compound infu- 
sion, 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.); of compound tincture, 
30-120 min. (2-8 gr.). g.-violet, a violet dye or 
stain used in microscopic work. 
gentianin (jen'shan-in) [L. gentianinum], Various 
substances extracted from gentian root; gentianic 
acid, or a mixture of the latter and gentio- 
picrin. 
gentianophil, gentianophilous (jen'shan-o-fil, 
jen-shan-of'il-us) [gentian + Gr. ipiXeiv to love]. 
Having affinity for gentian-violet stains. 
gentianophobic (jen"shan-o-fo'bik). Gentiano- 
phobous. 
gentianophobous (jen-shan-of'o-bus) [gentian + 
Gr. tpb^os fear]. Having no affinity for gentian- 
violet stains. 
gentiobiose (jen"she-o-bi'os). A disaccharid, C12- 
H22O11, from the roots of various gentians. 
gentiopicrin (jen-she-o-pik'rin) [gentian + Gr. 
iriKpbs bitter], A bitter, crystalline glucosid from 
gentian root. 
genu (je'nu), pl. gen'ua [L. " knee "]. The knee, 
or any structure bent like a knee. g. cap'sulae 
inter'nae [B N A], the blunt angle formed by the 
union of the two limbs of the internal capsule, g. 
cor'poris callo'si [B N A], the reflected part of 
the corpus callosum, g. extror'sum, out-knee: 
an outward bending of the leg. g. facia'lis. 
Same as geniculum nervi facialis, g. inter'num 
rad'icis ner'vi facia'lis [B N A], the fibers of 
the root of the facial nerve bending around the 
abducens nucleus in the pons. g. recurva'tum, 
a backward curvation of the knee-joint, g. val'- 
gum, an inward curvature of the knee or knees; 
knock-knee or in-knee. g. va'rum. Same as g. 
extrorsum. 
genual (jen'u-al). Relating to or resembling a genu, 
genuclast (jen'u-klast) [L. ge'nu knee + Gr. kXo.v 
to break]. An instrument for breaking up knee- 
joint adhesions. 
genucubital (je-nu-ku'bit-al) [L. ge'nu knee + 
cu'bitus elbow]. Pertaining to or resting on the 
knees and elbow. 
genufacial (je-nu-fa'se-al). Pertaining to or rest- 
ing upon the knees and face. 
genupectoral (je-nu-pek'tor-al) [L. ge'nu knee + 
pec'tus breast]. Pertaining to the knees and 
chest. 
genus (je'nus), pl. gen'era. In classification of 
GENITONE 
460 
animals or plants, a group embracing one or more 
species. 
genyantralgia (jen-e-an-tral'je-ah) [Gr. yews jaw 
+ avrpov cave + aXyos pain]. Pain in the maxil- 
lary antrum. 
genyantritis (jen"e-an-tri'tis) [Gr. yerus jaw 4- 
avrpov cave + -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the maxillary antrum. 
genyantrum (je-ne-an'trum) [Gr. yer vs jaw + 
avrpov cave]. The antrum of Highmore or maxil- 
lary antrum. 
genychiloplasty (je-ne-ki'lo-plas-te) [Gr. yep vs 
jaw + xeiXos lip + rrXdaaeiv to form]. Plastic 
surgery of the cheek and lip. 
genyplasty (jen'ip-las-te) [Gr. yews jaw + TrXaa- 
aeiv to mold]. Plastic surgery of the cheek. 
Geocyclus (je-o-si'klus). A genus of schizomy- 
cetes with flagella-like filaments. 
geode (je'dd) [Gr. yewSr/s earth-like: so called from 
a fancied resemblance to a mineral geode]. A 
dilated lymph-space. 
geoform (je'o-form). Same as guaiaform. 
geoline (je'o-lin) [Gr. yrj earth + L. o'leum oil]. 
A proprietary form of petrolatum. 
geophagia, geophagism, geophagy (je-of-a'je- 
ah, je-of'aj-izm, je-of'aj-e) [Gr. yij earth + ipayelv 
to eat]. The habit of eating clay or earth. 
geophagist (je-of'aj-ist). One who eats earth 
habitually. 
geosote (je'o-sot). Guaiacol valerianate, CH3O.Ce- 
H4.O.CO.C4H9, a yellow, oily fluid, of sweetish, 
smoky odor. It is used in pulmonary and tuber- 
culous cases. Dose, 3-10 min. (0.2-0.666 c.c.), in 
capsules. 
geotalose (ge-o-tal'6s). A mucocolloidal creosote, 
used in diarrhea and vomiting. 
geotaxis (je-o-tak'sis) [Gr. yrj earth + ra^s 
twisting]. Same as geotropism. 
geotragia (je-o-tra'je-ah) [Gr. y^ earth + rp&yecv 
to chew]. Earth-eating; geophagia. 
geotropic (je-o-trop'ik). Influenced in growth by 
gravity. 
geotropism (je-ot'ro-pizm) {Gr. y^ earth + rpoirr) 
a turning]. A tendency of growth or movement 
toward or away from the earth; the influence of 
gravity on growth. A tendency to grow toward the 
earth is positive g.; to grow away from the earth, 
negative g. 
gephyrophobia (jef-i-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. yetpvpa 
bridge + <pb^os fear]. Fear of walking on a bridge, 
river bank, or other structure near the water. 
geranial (jer-a'ne-al). A colorless, oily diolefin al- 
dehyd, one of the chief constituents of lemon-grass 
oil and oil of citrus fruits. 
geraniin (je-ra'ne-in). A dry, concentrated rem- 
edy prepared from Gera'nium macula'turn. As- 
tringent dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.199 gm.). 
geraniol (je-ra'ne-ol). A colorless olefinic terpene 
alcohol, CioHpOH, having an odor of roses, and 
found in oil of roses, geranium oils, and the oils of 
eucalyptus and citronella. Called also rhodinol. 
Geranium (je-ra'ne-um) [L.; Gr. yepaviov). A 
genus of geraniaceous plants. The root of G. 
macula'turn, or crane's-bill, is astringent, and is 
used in diarrhea. Dose of fluidextract, 5-30 
min.. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
geratic (je-rat'ik) [Gr. y^pas old age]. Pertaining 
to old age. 
geratology (jer-at-ol'o-je). Gereology. 
Gerdy's fibers, etc. (zher-dez') [Pierre Nicolas 
Gerdy, French physician, 1797-1856]. See fiber, 
etc. 
gereology, gerseology (jer-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. yrjpas 
old age + Xoyos treatise]. The science which 
deals with old age and its phenomena. 
Gerhardt's reaction, sign, test (ger'harts) 
[Carl J. Gerhardt, physician in Berlin, 1833-1903]. 
See sign and test. 
GERHARDT'S REACTION GERHARDT'S TEST 
461 
GIGANTOCHROMOBLAST 
Gerhardt's test (zher-hardts') [Charles Frederic 
Gerhardt, French chemist, i8ifr-i856]. See test. 
geriatrics (je-re-at'riks) [Gr. yrjpas old age + 
larpiKbs relating to a physician]. That depart- 
ment of medicine which treats of the diseases of old 
age. 
geriopsychosis (jer"e-o-si-ko'sis) [Gr. yijpas old 
age + psychosis]. Any one of the presenile and 
senile group of mental diseases (Southard). 
Gerlach's network, valve (ger'laks) [Joseph von 
Gerlach, German anatomist, 1820-1896]. See net- 
work and valve. 
Gerlach's valvula (ger'laks) [Andreas Christian 
Gerlach, German veterinarian, 1811-1877]. The 
pectinate ligaments. 
Gerlier's disease (zher-le-az') [FelixGerlier, Swiss 
physician, 1840-1914]. See disease. 
germ (jerm) [L. ger'men]. 1. A microbe or bacillus. 
2. A spore. 3. The primitive embryo, dental 
g., the rudiment of a tooth, consisting of a dental 
sac and including the dentinal papilla and enamel- 
organ. g.-plasm, Weismann's term for the 
reproductive and hereditary substance of indi- 
viduals which is passed on from the germ cell in 
which an individual originates in direct con- 
tinuity to the germ cells of succeeding generations. 
By it new individuals are produced and hereditary 
characters are transmitted. Cf. somatoplasm. 
germanium (jer-ma'ne-um). A very rare white 
metal; atomic weight '72.5; symbol, Ge. g. 
dioxid has erythropoietic properties and has been 
used in treating anemia in 0.2 per cent, aqueous 
solution. 
germicidal (jer-mis-i'dal) [L. ger'men germ + 
cad'ere to kill]. Destructive to germs. 
germicide (jer'mis-Id) [L. ger'men germ + cad'- 
ere to kill]. An agent that destroys germs. 
germiculture (jer'me-kul-tur) [L. ger'men germ 
+ cultu'ra culture]. The artificial cultivation of 
bacteria. 
germifuge (jer'mif-uj). 1. Having the power to 
expel germs. 2. An agent or remedy that expels 
germs. 
germiletum (jer-mil-e'tum). A proprietary anti- 
septic, germicide, and deodorant. 
germinal (jer'min-al) [L. germina'lis]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a germ. 
germination (jer-min-a'shun) [L. germina'tio]. 
The sprouting of a seed or spore or of a plant 
embryo. 
germinative (jer'min-at-iv) [L. germinati'vus]. 
Pertaining to germination or to a germ. 
germogen (jer'mo-jen) [germ + Gr. yevvav to pro- 
duce]. A mass of protoplasm from which repro- 
ductive cells arise. 
germol (jer'mol). A proprietary germicide in the 
form of a brownish, oily fluid. 
germozone (jerm-o-zon'). A proprietary disin- 
fectant remedy. 
germplasm (jerm'plazm). See under germ. 
gerocomia (je-ro-ko'me-ah) [Gr. yepwv old man + 
Kopelv to care for]. The care of old men; the 
hygiene of old age. 
geroderma, gerodermia (je-ro-der'mah, -der'me- 
ah) [Gr. yepwv old man + beppa skin]. Dystrophy 
of the skin and genitals, producing the appearance 
of old age (Rummo and Ferranini, 1897). 
geromarasmus (je"ro-mar-az'mus) [Gr. yipuv old 
man + papaapos a wasting]. The emaciation 
sometimes characteristic of old age. 
geromorphism (je-ro-mor'fizm) [Gr. yepuv old man 
+ popart form]. Premature decrepitude. 
gerontal (jer-on'tal) [Gr. yepwv old man]. Per- 
taining to an old man or old age; senile. 
gerontin (je-ron'tin). A leukomain, C5HUN2, 
from the nuclei of the cells of a dog's liver. 
gerontology (je-ron-tol'o-ie) [Gr. ylpwv old man 
+ Xoyos treatise]. The scientific study of old 
age, its phenomena, diseases, etc. 
gerontoxon (je-ron-toks'on) [Gr. yepuv old man 4- 
to^ov bow]. The arcus senilis, g. len'tis, 
equatorial couching of the lens in the aged. 
Gerota's capsule, method (ga-ro'tahz) [Gerota, 
contemporary anatomist in Berlin]. See capsule 
and method. 
Gersuny's phenomenon or symptom (gar-su'- 
nez) [Robert Gersuny, surgeon in Vienna, born 
1844]. See symptom. 
gestation (jes-ta'shun) [L. gesta'tio]. Pregnancy; 
gravidity. See pregnancy, abdominal g., ex- 
tra-uterine pregnancy in which the products of 
conception are developed in the abdominal cav- 
ity. For other varieties, see under pregnancy. 
G. G. G. Abbreviation for L. gum'mi gut'tee gam'bice. 
gamboge. 
Ghilarducci's reaction (ge-Iar-doot'-shez) [Fran- 
cesco Ghilarducci, contemporary Italian physician]. 
See reaction. 
Giacommini's band (jah-ko-me'nez) [Carlo 
Giacommini, Italian anatomist, 1841-1898]. See 
band. 
Giannuzzi's cells, crescents, or demilunes 
(zhah-noot'zez) [Italian anatomist of the nineteenth 
century]. See under crescent. 
giant (ji'ant) [Gr. ylyas]. A person or organism 
of very great size. g. bipolars, those cone bi- 
polars of large size which lie beneath the external 
plexiform layer. 
giantism (ji'ant-izm). 1. See gigantism. 2. Ex- 
cessive size, as of cells or nuclei. 
Giardia (ge-ar'de-ah). A genus of flagellate organ- 
isms found in the intestinal tract of man and of 
animals, but not known to be pathogenic. G. in- 
testina'lis, a symmetric, pear-shaped organism 
with a sucking disk and eight pairs of flagella. 
Called also Cercomonas intestinalis, Lamblia in- 
testinalis, and Megastoma entericum. 
giardiasis (gi-ar-di'as-is). Infestation with Giardia. 
Giardi'nus pocciloi'des. A small fish which is 
very efficient in destroying mosquito larvae. Called 
also "millions." 
Gibbon's hernia (gib'onz) [Q. V. Gibbon, American 
surgeon, 1813-1894]. See hernia. 
gibbosity (jib-os'it-e) [L. gibbo'sus crooked]. The 
condition of being humped. 
gibbous (jib'us) [L. gibbo'sus], Humped; pro- 
tuberant; humpbacked. • 
Gibbs' theorem (gibz) [Josiah Willard Gibbs, 
American physicist, 1839-1903]. See under 
theorem. 
gibbus (gib'us) [LJ. A hump. 
Gibert's disease (zhe-bairz') [Camille Melchior 
Gibert, French physician, 1797-1866]. See disease. 
Gibraltar fever (jib-rawl'tar). See fever. 
Gibson's bandage (gib'sunz) [William Gibson, 
American surgeon, 1788-1865]. See bandage. 
gid (gid). See staggers. 
giddiness (gid'i-nes). Vertigo or dizziness. 
Giemsa's stain (gem'sahz) [chemist in Hamburg]. 
See stain. 
Gierke's bundle, corpuscles (ger'kez) [Hans 
Paul Gierke, German anatomist, 1847-1886]. See 
bundle and corpuscle. 
Gifford's reflex, sign (gif'ordz) [Harold Gifford, 
American oculist, born 1858]. See reflex and sign. 
gigantism (ji'gan-tizm) [Gr. ylyas giant]. Abnor- 
mal overgrowth; excessive or monstrous size and 
stature: it is said to be sometimes a result of a 
disease of the pituitary body. 
gigantoblast (ji-gan'to-blast) [Gr. ylyas giant + 
fiXavrbs germ]. A very large nucleated red blood- 
corpuscle. 
gigantochromoblast (ji-gan"to-kro' mo-blast) 
[Gr. ylyas giant + chromoblast]. Same as giganto- 
blast. GIGANTOCYTE 
462 
GLABROUS 
gigantocyte (ji-gan'to-sit) [Gr. ylyas giant + kvtos 
cell]. A very large non-nuclear red blood-cell. 
Gigantorhynchus (ji-gan-to-ring'kus). A genus 
of the Acanthocephala. G. gi'gas, a large round 
worm found in the intestine of hogs and sometimes 
in man. It has transverse parallel rings on the 
body and a retractile head. G. monilifor'mis, 
a species found in rats in Italy and occasionally in 
man. The body is pointed at both ends and cov- 
ered with knobs so that it has a beaded appearance. 
gigantosoma (ji-gan-to-so'mah) [Gr. ylyas giant 
+ oai/aa body]. Gigantism, or great size and 
stature. 
Gigli's operation, saw (ge'glez) [L. Gigli, gyne- 
cologist in Florence, 1863-1908]. See under opera- 
tion and saw. 
Gilchrist's disease or mycosis (gil'krists) 
[Thomas Casper Gilchrist, American physician, 
born 1862]. Blastomycosis. 
gildable (gil'da-bl). Susceptible of being col- 
ored with gold stains. 
Gillenia (jil-e'ne-ah) [L.; after Arnold Gill]. A genus 
of rosaceous plants. The root of G. trifolia'ta and 
G. stipula'cea, of North America, called bowman's- 
root, is mildly emetic and aperient. Dose in pow- 
der, 20-30 gr. (1.333-2 gm.). 
gillenin (jil-e'nin). The active principle of gille- 
nia; a bitter, white, soluble powder: emetic and 
purgative. 
Gilmer splint (gil'mer) [Thomas Lewis Gilmer, 
American oral surgeon, born 1849]. See under 
splint. 
Gimbernat's ligament (him-ber-nats') [Antonio 
de Gimbernat, Spanish surgeon, 1742-1790]. See 
ligament. 
gin (jin) [L. spir'itus junip'eri compos'itus]. An 
alcoholic spirit distilled from malt and juniper- 
berries; diuretic. 
gin-drinkers' liver. Cirrhosis of the liver due to 
alcoholism. 
ginger (jin'jer) [L. zin'giber; Gr. £iyyl/3epis]. 
The rhizome of Zin'giber officina'le, a scitamin- 
aceous plant growing in many tropical regions. 
It is an aromatic stimulant and carminative: used 
in flatulence, dyspepsia, colic, as an intestinal 
tonic, and externally as a rubefacient and coun- 
terirritant in toothache, headache, etc. Dose in 
powder, 10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 10-20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.); of oleo- 
resin (oleores'ina zingib'eris), 5-1 min. (0.033- 
0.066 c.c.); of syrup Isyru'pus zingib'eris), |-2 
fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.); of tincture (tinctu'ra zingib'- 
eris), 5-1 fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.). 
gingerin (jin'jer-in). An oleoresin derived from 
ginger. Dose, 1 min. (0.06 c.c.). 
gingerol (jin'jer-ol). The volatile oil of ginger. 
gingiva (jin-ji'vah), pl. gingi'vce [L.]. The gum; 
the . fibrous tissue, covered by mucous membrane 
which covers the alveolar processes of the upper and 
lower jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth, 
alveolar g., that portion of the gingiva which 
covers the alveolar process, areolar g., that 
portion of the gingiva which overlies the alveolar 
process, being bound to it by loose areolar connec- 
tive tissue, buccal g., the gingiva which covers 
the buccal surfaces of the teeth, cemental g., 
the gingiva which covers the cemental part of the 
root of a tooth, free g., the portion of the gin- 
giva covering part of the crowns of the teeth, but 
not attached to them, labial g., the gingiva 
covering the labial surfaces of the teeth, lingual 
g., the gingiva which covers the lingual surfaces 
of the teeth, marginal g., that portion of the 
gingiva which lies in contact with the enamel, but 
which is not attached directly to the tooth surface. 
gingival (jin'jiv-al) [L. gingi'va gum]. Pertaining 
to the gum or gums; pertaining to the gingiva. 
gingivalgia (jin-jiv-al'je-ah) [gingiva + Gr. aXyos 
pain]. Neuralgia of the gums. 
gingivally (jin-jiv'al-e). Toward the gums. 
gingivitis (jin-jiv-i'tis) [L. gingi'va gum]. In- 
flammation of the gum; inflammation of gingival 
tissue, catarrhal g., inflammation of the ex- 
ternal surface of the gums, expulsive g., osteo- 
periostitis of a tooth or teeth, which are gradually 
thrust from their sockets, interstitial g., super- 
ficial and deep-seated inflammation of the alveolar 
process preceding the pyorrheal stage, phage- 
denic g., rapidly progressive ulcerative inflam- 
mation of the gums, ulceromembranous g., 
an infectious and contagious disease of the mouth 
and gums marked by characteristic ulceration. It 
is caused by Vincent's spirochete. 
gingivo-ectomy (jin-jiv-o-ek'to-me) [gingiva + 
Gr. eKTop-q excision]. The operation of cutting 
away all loose infected and diseased gingival tissue 
to eradicate peridental infection. 
gingivoglossitis (jin"jiv-o-glos-i'tis) [L. gingi'va 
gpm + Gr. 7Xwaaa tongue + -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of gums and tongue. 
gingivolabial (jin"ji-vo-la'be-al). Pertaining to 
the gums and lips. 
gingivopericementitis (jin"jiv-o-per-e-se-men- 
ti'tis). Pyorrhea alveolaris. 
ginglyform (jin'glif-orm). Same as ginglymoid. 
ginglymo -ar thro dial (jin"glim-o-ar-thro'de-al). 
Partly ginglymoid and partly arthrodial. 
ginglymoid (jin'glim-oid) [ginglymus + Gr- 
ei6os form]. Resembling a ginglymus. 
ginglymus (jin'glim-us) [L.; Gr. ylyy\vpos hinge]. 
A hinge-joint; a variety of diarthrosis, helicoid 
g., lateral g., a rotatory joint. 
ginseng (jin'seng) [Chinese jin-tsan, life of man]. 
The root of Pa'nax (Ara'lia) gin'seng, of eastern 
Asia, and of Ara'lia quinque fo'Ha, of North Amer- 
ica: demulcent, and said to be restorative and 
aphrodisiac; principally used in China. 
Giovannini's disease (jo-van-e'nez) [Sabastiano 
Giovannini, Italian dermatologist, 1851-1920]. See 
disease. 
Giraldes'organ (he-ral'das) [Jachim AlbmGiraldes, 
Portuguese surgeon in Paris, 1808-1875]. See organ. 
Girard treatment fjir-ard') [Brig.-Gen. Alfred C. 
Girard, American army surgeon]. See under treat- 
ment. 
girdle (ger'dl). Any band or belt to surround the 
body. Hitzig's g., a girdle of analgesia at the 
level of the breasts in the area supplied by the third 
and sixth dorsal nerves, seen in the early stages of 
tabes dorsalis. Neptune-g., an abdominal band 
used in applying a wet-pack, pelvic g., the arch 
formed by the two innominate bones, shoul- 
der-g., thoracic g., the arch formed by the 
clavicle and scapula. Venus' g., mercurial 
plaster spread on leather or linen: used in the 
treatment of syphilis. Called also balteum venereum. 
Girdner's probe (gird'nerz) [John Harvey Girdner, 
a contemporary physician in New York], See 
probe. 
gitalin (jit'al-in). A glucosid from digitalis. 
githagism (gith'aj-izm). Poisoning by the seeds of 
Lychnis githago, or corn-cockle. 
Giuffrida-Ruggieri stigma (joof-re"dah-roo-je- 
er'e) [Vincenzo Giufrida-Ruggieri, Italian anthro- 
pologist]. See stigma. 
gizzard (giz'ard). The strong muscular stomach 
of a bird. 
Gl. Chemical symbol for glucinum. 
glabella, glabellum (glah-bel'ah, glah-bel'um) 
[L.]. The space between the eyebrows. 
glabellad (glah-bel'ad). In the direction of the 
glabella. v 
glabrificin (gla-brif'is-in) [L. gla'ber smooth + 
fa'cere to make]. An antibody: so called from the 
property of rendering bacteria smooth or glabrous. 
glabrous (gla'brus) [L. gla'ber smooth]. Smooth. GLACIAL 
463 
GLAND 
glacial (gla'shal) [L. glacia'lis]. Resembling ice; 
vitreous; solid. 
glacialin (gla-se-a'lin). Boroglycerid. 
gladiate (gla'de-at) [L. glad'ius sword]. Sword 
shaped. 
gladiolin (glad-i'o-lin). An alkaloid or leukomain 
from the brain tissue. 
gladiolus (glad-i'o-lus) [L., dim. of gla'dius sword]. 
The second or principal piece or bone of the ster- 
num; mesosternum. 
glairin (glar'in) [L. glair mucus]. A gelatinous sub- 
stance of bacterial origin found in the water of 
certain sulphur springs. 
glairy (glar'e). Resembling the white of an egg. 
gland (gland) [L. glans acorn]. An organ that 
separates any fluid from the blood: such ductless 
bodies as the spleen, the lymphatic organs, etc., 
which do not appear to secrete anything, are 
also called glands, absorbent g., a lymphatic 
gland, accessory g., a detached mass of gland- 
ular tissue situated near a gland of similar struc- 
ture. acid g's, the stomach-glands which secrete 
the acid of the gastric juice, acinotubular 
g., one that is both acinous and tubular, 
acinous g., a gland made up of a number of 
acini; a racemose gland, admaxillary g., an 
accessory salivary gland emptying into the parotid 
duct, adrenal g. Same as suprarenal capsule. 
See capsule, aggregate g's, agminated g's, 
Peyer's patches or the glands of which they are 
made up. albuminous g., certain glands of the 
digestive tract that secrete a watery fluid, al- 
veolar g. Same as acinous g. anal g's, sudor- 
iparous glands in the anal mucous membrane, 
anomalous g., a ductless gland, antepros- 
tatic g. i. Cowper's gland. 2. A small gland in 
front of the prostate, apical g. Same as 
Blandin and Nuhn's g. aporic g., a ductless 
gland, arterial g., any knot of small arteries, or 
mass of vascular tissue, like the coccygeal gland, 
arytenoid g's, the very numerous muciparous 
glands of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold in front of 
the arytenoid cartilages, axillary g's, lymphatic 
glands situated in the axilla, g. of Bartholin, 
the vulvovaginal gland. Bauhin's g's. Same as 
Blandin and Nuhn's g's. Blandin and Nuhn's 
g's, non-serous or mixed glands near the tip of 
the tongue, blood-g., any hematopoietic viscus. 
Boerhaave's g's, the sudoriparous glands. 
Bowman's g's, glands in the olfactory region 
of the nose, brachial g., any lymph-gland of 
the arm or forearm, bronchial g's, the lymph- 
glands at the root of a bronchus and in the inter- 
spaces of the bronchial tubes. A therapeutic 
extract is prepared from these glands. Bruch's 
g's, the lymph-follicles of the conjunctiva of the 
lower lid. Brunner's g's, certain racemose 
glands in the submucous layer of the duodenum, 
buccal g's, racemose mucous glands in the mu- 
cous membrane of the cheeks, bulbocavernous 
g's. Same as Cowper's g's. cardiac g's, the 
glands of the cardiac extremity of the stomach, 
carotid g., a small oval gland, about the size of 
a wheat-grain, at the bifurcation of the common 
carotid. Called also carotid body, intercarotid 
ganglion, and glomus caroticum. celiac g's, 
lymph-glands anterior to the abdominal aorta, 
ceruminous g's,the glands that secrete the ceru- 
men or ear-wax. cervical g's, the lymph-glands 
of the neck, choroid g., the choroid plexus, 
regarded as the secretor of the cerebrospinal 
fluid, ciliary g's, the glands of Moll, cir- 
cumanal g's. Same as anal g's. closed g., 
a ductless gland. Cobelli's g's, mucous glands in 
the mucosa of the esophagus just above the cardia, 
coccygeal g., a small vascular organ near the 
tip of the coccyx (Luschka, i860). Called also 
Luschka's gland or ganglion, coil-g. Same as 
sweat-g. compound g., a gland made up of a 
number of small pouches; one with a branched duct, 
conglobate g., a lymphatic gland, conglomer- 
ate g., one made up of several lobes, convoluted 
g., a sweat-gland. Cowper's g's, two glands 
near the bulb of the corpus spongiosum, cu- 
taneous g., any gland of the skin, whether 
sebaceous, sudoriparous, or other, dental g., 
one of the white areas on the mucous membrane 
of the jaw over the point of emergence of the tooth, 
ductless g., a gland without a duct, such as the 
suprarenal capsule; a gland-like body, often without 
any known secretory function, duodenal g. 
See Brunner's g. Duverney's g., the vulvova- 
ginal gland. Ebner's g's, mucous glands of the 
tongue situated near the circumvallate papillae, 
endocrine g's, endocrinous g's, the organs 
of internal secretion. See under secretion, ex- 
cretory g., any gland that excretes waste-prod- 
ucts from the system. follicular g., a follicle. 
Frankel's g's, minute glands that open below 
the edge of the vocal cords, fundus g., one of the 
true glands of the stomach which secrete the gastric 
juice. Galeati's g's, Lieberkuhn's crypts, 
gastric g's, the secreting glands of the stomach, 
including the fundus glands, the cardiac glands, 
and the pyloric glands, gastro-epiploic g's, 
lymph-glands in the great omentum near the 
greater curvature of the stomach, g's of Gay, 
numerous highly developed circumanal sweat- 
glands. genal g., one of the glands in the sub- 
mucous tissue of the cheek, genital g., a tes- 
ticle or ovary, gingival g's, the gland-like infold- 
ings of epithelium at the junction of the gum and 
tooth. Gley's g's, the parathyroids, globate 
g., a lymph-gland, glomerate g's, glands which 
appear to be composed of a knot of blood-vessels 
and an excretory duct. Guerin's g's, Skene's 
glands, guttural g., one of the mucous glands 
of the pharynx, hair-g., the sebaceous gland 
of a hair-follicle. harderian g's, rudiment- 
ary lacrimal glands at the inner canthus of 
the eye. haversian g's, certain folds on 
the synovial surfaces that are regarded as se- 
cretors of the synovial fluid. hemal g's. 
Same as hemolymph g's. hematopoietic 
g's, certain gland-like bodies which take a part in 
the making of the blood, such as the spleen, thy- 
roid, and lymphatic glands, hemolymph g's, 
minute glands resembling lymph-glands, but con- 
taining blood-sinuses instead of lymph-spaces. 
They are believed to take part in blood-destruc- 
tion and formation. Two varieties are distin- 
guished-splenolymph glands and marrow-lymph 
or manolymph glands. Henle's g's, tubular 
glands in the conjunctiva of the eyelids, hiber- 
nating g., the fat which forms between the kid- 
neys of hibernating animals in autumn. Hugu- 
ier's g's, two minor vaginal glands, incretory 
g's, the glands of internal secretion; endocrine 
glands, inguinal g's, the lymph-glands of the 
groin, intercapsular g., a paired mass of 
lymphoid tissue in the embryo thought to be a hem- 
olymph gland, interstitial g., Leydig's cell, 
intestinal g's, solitary isolated lymph-glands 
distributed in the intestinal mucous membranes, 
jugular g., a lymph-gland behind the clavicular 
insertion of the sternomastoid muscle. Called also 
Virchow's g. Krause's g's, mucous glands of the 
middle portion of the conjunctiva, lacrimal g., 
the gland which secretes the tears. Lieber- 
kuhn's g's. See crypt, lingual g., anterior. 
Same as Blandin and Nuhn's g's. Littre's g's, 
racemose glands in the spongy portion of the ure- 
thra. Luschka's g. See coccygeal g. lymph- 
atic g's, ductless organs in the course of lymphatic 
vessels, lymphatic g's, extraparotid, glands 
situated between the superficial and deep fasciae 
overlying the parotid, mammary g., the 
mamma: the milk-secreting organ. mano- 
lymph g. See hemolymph g's. Manz's g's, 
glandular depressions on the borders of the eye- 
lids. marrow-lymph g's. See hemolymph g's. 
meibomian g's, sebaceous follicles between the 
tarsi and the conjunctiva of the eyelids, meroc- 
rine g's. See merocrine. Mery's g's, Cowper's glands, mesenteric g's, the lymph-glands of the 
mesentery, mesocolic g's, lymph-glands of the 
mesocolon, miliary g., a sweat-gland, mixed 
g's, glands that are both mucous and serous, 
molar g's, two or three large buccal glands whose 
•ducts open near the last molar tooth. Moll's g's, 
certain small glands of the eyelids. Montgom- 
ery's g's, sebaceous glands of the mammary 
areola. Morgagni's g's. See Littre's g's. 
muciparous g's, mucous g's, glands that se- 
crete mucus, multicellular g., a gland in 
which the secreting cells discharge their secretion 
into a common duct, through which it escapes, 
myometrial g., a tissue supposed to develop in 
the wall of the uterus at the site of implantation of 
the placenta and to last until the end of pregnancy. 
Naboth's g's. See nabothian follicles, under 
follicle. Nuhn's g's. Same as Blandin's g's. 
odoriferous g's. See Tyson's g's. oil g., a 
sebaceous gland, oxyntic g. Same as acid g. 
pacchionian g's, p. bodies, small masses of the 
arachnoid substance in the cranial dura, pala- 
tine g's, small mucous glands on the roof of the 
mouth, palpebral g's, the meibomian glands, 
pancreaticosplenic g., a lymph-gland extend- 
ing along the course of the splenic artery and vein, 
parathyroid g's, glandules in two groups near 
the thyroid: they are epithelial glands, and not 
accessory thyroids, parotid g., the large salivary 
gland in front of the ear. parotid g., accessory. 
See socia parotidis. pectoral g's, lymph-glands 
situated along the long thoracic artery, peptic 
g's, a set of mucous glands on the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach, believed to secrete the 
gastric juice, perspiratory g., sweat-gland. 
Peyer's g's, lymphatic glands, chiefly of the 
ileum, in part solitary and partly in patches, 
pharyngeal g. Same as guttural g. Philip's 
g's, enlarged glands above the clavicle, seen in 
children with tuberculosis, pilous g., the 
sebaceous gland of a hair-follicle, pineal g., 
a small, reddish, cone-shaped structure, about 
the size of a pea, resting on the anterior cor- 
pora quadrigemina and connected with the 
third ventricle. Called also pineal body and 
conarium and epiphysis cerebri. pituitary 
g., the hypophysis cerebri, or pituitary body, 
prehyoid g's, the parathyroid glands. pre- 
putial g's, Tyson's glands. prostate g., 
a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder 
and the urethra in the male, puberty g's, 
Steinach's name for the interstitial cells of Leydig 
in the male and the lutein cells of the ovary in the 
female, pyloric g's, the pepsin-secreting glands 
of the pyloric portion of the stomach, racemose 
g's, glands composed of acini, arranged like grapes 
on a stalk. Rivini's g., the sublingual gland. 
Rosenmuller's g. i. The detached forepart of 
the lacrimal gland. 2. The lymphatic gland of the 
femoral ring, saccular g., a gland consisting of a 
sac, or of sacs, lined with glandular epithelium- if 
composed of many such sacs, it is a racemose gland, 
salivary g., any gland that secretes saliva, such as 
the parotid, submaxillary, or sublingual glands. 
Sandstroem's g's, the parathyroids. Schul- 
ler's g's, diverticula of the ducts of Gartner, 
sebaceous g., sebiferous g., any gland secret- 
ing sebaceous matter: chiefly situated in the co- 
rium, or true skin, secreting g's, glandular or- 
gans in which the blood within the capillaries comes 
into close relation with epithelial cells, whereby 
certain elements are separated from the blood, 
sentinel g., an enlarged gland on the omentum, 
regarded as indicating the existence of an ulcer 
of the stomach opposite to it. seromucous 
g., a gland secreting a substance both mucous 
and albuminous, serous g., a racemose or 
other gland that secretes a thin, watery fluid, such 
as those of the back part of the tongue. Serres' 
g's, pearly masses of epithelial cells near the sur- 
face of the gum of the infant, sexual g., a tes- 
ticle or an ovary. Sigmund's g's, the epi- 
trochlear lymph-nodes. Skene's g's, two glands 
GLAND 
464 
just within the meatus of the female urethra: re- 
garded as homologues of the seminal vesicles, soli- 
tary g's, the lymph-follicles of the small intestine, 
splenolymph g's. See hemolymph g's. staph- 
yline g's, palatine glands, subauricular g., a 
lymph-gland below and behind the ear. sublin- 
gual g., the smallest of the salivary glands, placed 
beneath the tongue on either side, submaxillary 
g., a salivary gland on either side, below the angle 
of the lower jaw. sudoriparous g's, the glands 
of the skin that secrete sweat, suprarenal g's. 
Same as capsules, suprarenal. Suzanne's g., 
a mucous gland of the mouth, beneath the 
alveolingual groove, sweat-g. See sweat-gland. 
synovial g's, haversian glands, tarsal g's. 
Same as meibomian g's. tarsoconjunctival 
g's, meibomian glands. Theile's g's, gland- 
like formations in the walls of the cystic duct 
and in the pelvis of the gall-bladder, thymus 
g. See thymus, thyroid g., thyreoid g., 
the thyroid body; a large, ductless or chylopoietic 
organ in front of and on either side of the trachea. 
It is made up of two lateral lobes and an isthmus, 
which unites them below. It is inclosed in a thin 
envelop of connective tissue, and is composed of a 
number of closed follicles, or alveoli, which are usu- 
ally filled with colloid material, and are surrounded 
by a network of vessels which is supported by 
the interstitial connective tissue. The thyroid 
giand is believed to take part in the development 
and distribution of mucin and other important 
physiologic functions, thyroid g., accessory, a 
small exclave of the thyroid body. Tiedemann's 
g's, Bartholin's glands, trachoma g's, lym- 
phoid follicles of the conjunctiva, found chiefly 
near the inner canthus of the eye. tubular g., 
any gland made up of or containing a tubule 
or a number of tubules, tympanic g., a small 
reddish mass situated on Jacobson's nerve in 
the tympanic canal. Tyson's g's, the odor- 
iferous glands: small sebaceous glands of the 
corona of the penis and of the labia pudendi. 
unicellular g., a gland which consists of a 
single cell; a cell which performs a secretory func- 
tion, as a goblet-cell, urethral g's. Same as 
Littre's g's. uterine g's, tubular glands of the 
endometrium, vaginal g., any gland of the vag- 
inal mucous membrane, vascular g. i. A 
glomus. 2. A hemolymph gland, vestibular g. 
Same as vulvovaginal g. Virchow's g., a lym- 
phatic gland behind the clavicular insertion of 
the sternomastoid muscle, vitelline g. See 
vitellarium. vulvovaginal g., a minute gland 
on either side of the vagina, with a duct opening 
near the nymphae. Waldeyer's g's, acino- 
tubular glands in the inner skin of the attached 
edge of the eyelid. Wasmann's g's, the peptic 
glands. Weber's g's, the tubular mucous 
glands of the tongue. Willis' g's, the corpora 
albicantia. g's of Zeiss, sebaceous glands of the 
free edges of the eyelids. Zuckerkandl's g., a 
small yellow mass occasionally seen between the 
two geniohyoid muscles, thought to be an accessory 
thyroid. 
glandebalse (glan-deb'al-e). The hairs of the 
axilla. 
glanderous (glan'der-us). Of the nature of or 
affected with glanders. 
glanders (glan'derz) [L. mal'leus], A disease of 
horses, communicable to man, and due to BaciV- 
lus mal'lei. It is marked by acute febrile symp- 
toms, inflammation of mucous membranes, es- 
pecially of the nose, with a purulent discharge 
from the nose and an eruption of isolated nod- 
ules on the skin and mucous membranes. These 
nodules coalesce and break down, forming deep 
ulcers, which may end in necrosis of cartilages 
and bones. In man the disease usually runs an 
acute course, ending in the typhoid state and in 
death. Called also equinia. Farcy is a chronic 
form of this disease. African g., Japanese g. 
See lymphangitis epizobtica. 
GLANDERS GLANDILEMMA 
465 
GLIOSIS 
glandilemma (glan-dil-em'ah) [gland + Gr. 
XeppA sheath]. The capsule or outer envelop of a 
gland. 
glandon (glan'don). A preparation of thyroid 
gland, adonidin, and sodium cacodylate in tabloid 
form. 
glandula (gland'u-lah), pl. glan'dulce [L.]. A small 
gland gland'ulse areola'res montgome'rii. 
See Montgomery's glands, under gland, g. cu'tis 
[B.N A], any one of the glands of the skin. g. 
gale'ni, the upper and larger part of the lacrimal 
gland, g. inci'siva, a small intra-oral gland in 
the median line near the teeth g. monro'i, the 
lower portion of the lacrimal gland, gland'ulae 
suprarena'les sic'cae, desiccated suprarenal 
glands, gland'ulae thyroid'eae sic'cae, desic- 
cated thyroid glands, g. vestibula'ris bar- 
tholi'ni. See Bartholin's gland, under gland. 
glandular (gland'u-lar). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of a gland. 
glandule (gland'ul) [L. glan'dula]. A small gland, 
glandulen (gland'u-len). A therapeutic prepa- 
ration of the bronchial glands of the sheep: used 
in tuberculosis. 
glandulin (gland'u-lin). A therapeutic extract 
of the bronchial glands of sheep: used in tuber- 
culosis. 
glandulous (gland'u-lus) [L. glandulo'sus]. 
Abounding in kernels or small glands. 
glans (glanz), pl glan'des. Latin for gland. g. 
clitor'idis, the distal end of the clitoris. g. 
pe'nis, the head, or terminal end, of the penis. 
glaserian (gla-se're-an) [named for or described 
by Johann Heinrich Glaser (Glaserius), Swiss anato- 
mist, 1629-1675]. See under fissure, etc. 
glass (glas) [L. vit'rum], A hard, brittle, and often 
transparent substance, usually consisting of the 
fused amorphous silicates of potassium or so- 
dium, and of calcium, with silica in excess, crown 
g., a hard glass; a silicate of sodium (or potassium) 
with lime and alumina, flint g., a soft glass, 
mainly composed of lead and potassium silicates, 
soluble g., water g., a potassium or sodium sil- 
icate: somewhat in use in preparing immovable 
bandages. 
glasses. See spectacles, bifocal g., Franklin 
g., those which have two different refracting 
powers, one in the upper and the other in the lower 
part of the lenses, hyperbolic g., those ground 
with a section of a hyperbolic curve, periscopic 
g. See under lens, prismatic g., are made of 
prisms, and are used in paralysis and insufficiency 
of the ocular muscles, snow-g., spectacles worn 
to prevent snow-blindness, stenopaic g., a form 
having a narrow slit or a small hole in a black- 
ened disk: used in examining for astigmatism. 
glassy (glas'e). Resembling glass; hyaline or vitre- 
ous. 
Glauber's salt (glaw'berz) [Johann Rudolf Glau- 
ber, German physician and chemist, 1604-1668]. 
See sodium sulphate. 
glaucoma (glaw-ko'mah) [Gr. yXavKos green], A 
disease of the eye marked by intense intra-ocular 
pressure, resulting in hardness of the eye, atrophy 
of the optic disk, and blindness, g. absolu'tum, 
g. consumma'tum, glaucoma resulting in total 
blindness and great hardness of the eyeball: the 
final stage of inflammatory glaucoma, apo- 
plectic g., that which is associated with retinal 
hemorrhage. Called also hemorrhagic g. auric- 
ular g., that associated with increased intralaby- 
rinthine pressure. Bonders' g., simple atrophic 
glaucoma, fulminant g., a sudden and intensely 
acute form of inflammatory glaucoma with im- 
mediate loss of sight and perception of light (A. 
von Graefe), hemorrhagic g., that which is 
caused by pressure from retinal hemorrhage 
(Graefe), inflammatory g., a form attended 
with ciliary congestion, corneal opacity, and 
blindness, recurring in paroxysmal attacks. 
malignant g., glaucoma that grows rapidly worse 
in spite of iridectomy, secondary g., a glaucoma 
that is consequent upon some other eye disease, 
g. sim'plex, a form with no pronounced in- 
flammatory symptoms, but attended with pro- 
gressive loss of vision. 
glaucomatous (glaw-ko'mat-us). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of glaucoma. 
glaucosuria (glaw-ko-su're-ah) [Gr. yXavxbs 
green + ovpov urine], Indicanuria. 
gleet (glet). A chronic form of gonorrheal ure- 
thritis. nasal g., a chronic catarrhal discharge 
from the nose of horses, having a bluish, creamy 
appearance and a bad odor. 
gleety (glet'e). Pertaining to or of the nature of 
gleet. 
Glenard's disease, test, theory (gla-narz') 
[Frantz GUnard, French physician, 1848-1920]. 
See disease, tests, theory. 
glenohumeral (gle-no-hu'mer-al). Pertaining to 
the glenoid cavity and to the humerus. 
glenoid (gle'noid) [Gr. yXi]wq cavity + echos form]. 
1. Resembling a pit or socket. 2. Pertaining 
to the glenoid cavity or to its glenoid fossa. 
Glenospora (gle-nos'po-rah). A genus of fungi. 
G. graph'ii has been found in otomycosis. 
glenosporosis (gle-nos-po-ro'sis). Infection with 
Glenospora. 
Gley's cells, glands (glaz) Eugene Gley, French 
physiologist, born 1857]. See under cell and 
gland. 
glia (gli'ah) [Gr. y\la glue]. The neuroglia. 
gliacyte (gli'as-it) [glia + Gr. kIttos cell]. A cell 
of the neuroglia. 
gliadin (gli'ad-in) [Gr. yXta glue]. An alcohol- 
soluble protein obtainable from wheat. 
glial (gli'al). Pertaining to glia or neuroglia. 
glidine (gli'din). A proprietary vegetable protein 
food prepared from wheat. 
gliobacteria (gli"o-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. yXla glue + 
bacteria]. Rod-shaped schizomycetes which are 
surrounded by a zooglea. 
glioblastoma (gli"o-blas-to'mah) [Gr. yXla glue 
+ ^Xaaros germ + copa tumor]. Glioma. 
gliococcus (gli-o-kok'us) [Gr. yXla glue + kokkos 
berry]. A micrococcus forming gelatinous mat- 
ter. 
glioma (gli-o'mah) [Gr. yXla glue + -upa tumor]. 
Malignant sarcoma of a structure resembling neu- 
roglia (Virchow). It occurs only in nervous tissue, 
and consists of a homogeneous matrix containing 
numetous granular nucleated cells, g. endoph'- 
ytum, glioma of the retina beginning in the inner 
, layer, g. exoph'ytum, glioma of the retina be- 
ginning in the outer layer, g. ret'inae, a tumor of 
the retina resembling glioma of the cerebrum. 
Called alsomedullaris oculi. g. sarcoma- 
to'sum, a gliosarcoma. telangiectatic g., 
glioma containing blood-vessels. 
gliomatosis (gli-o-mat-o'sis). Excessive develop- 
ment of the neuroglia, especially of the spinal 
cord, in certain cases of syringomyelia. 
gliomatous (gli-o'mat-us). Affected with or of 
the nature of glioma. 
gliomyoma (gli"o-mi-o'mah). A tumor contain- 
ing gliomatous and myomatous tissue. 
gliomyxoma (gli"o-miks-o'mah). Glioma blended 
with myxoma. 
glioneuroma (gli"o-nu-ro'mah). A tumor contain- 
ing both gliomatous and neuromatous elements. 
gliosa (gli-o'sah) [Gr. yXla glue]. The gray matter 
of the spinal cord which covers the head of the dor- 
sal horn and surrounds the central canal. 
gliosarcoma (gli"o-sar-ko'mah) [Gr. yXla glue + 
sarcoma]. A sarcoma containing glia-cells, g. 
ret'inae, glioma retinae. 
gliosis (gli-o'sis). The diseased condition asso- 
ciated with the presence of gliomata or with the GLISCHRIN 
466 
GLOSSINA 
development of neuroglia tissue, spinal g., 
syringomyelia. 
glischrin (glis'krin) [Gr. yXlaxpos clammy]. A kind 
of mucin produced in urine by Bacte'rium glis- 
chro'genes. 
glischruria (glis-kru're-ah) [Gr. yXlaypos gluey + 
ovpoo urine]. The presence of glischrin in the 
urine; a form of mucinuria. 
Glisson's capsule (glis'unz) [Francis Glisson, 
English physician and anatomist, 1597-1677]. See 
capsule. 
glissonitis (glis-on-i'tis). Inflammation of Glis- 
son's capsule. 
globeol (glo'be-ol). A proprietary blood tonic, said 
to be prepared from globular protoplasm, dried 
blood-serum, and colloid iron and manganese. 
globin (glo'bin) [L. glo'bus globe]. The protein con- 
stituent of hemoglobin; also any member of a 
group of proteins similar to the typical globin. 
glob inometer (glo-bin-om'e-ter). An instrument 
used in determining the proportion of oxyhemo- 
globin in the blood. 
globoid bodies (glo'boid). See under body. 
globon (glo'bon). A trade-name for a preparation 
of pure dried albumin obtained by the decompo- 
sition of phosphorus protonucleins. It is a yel- 
lowish, tasteless powder, insoluble in water, and 
is used as a nutritive. Adult dose, j-r dr. (1.95- 
3-9 gm.). 
globose (glo'bos) [L. glo'bus a ball]. Globe shaped, 
spherical. 
globular (glob'u-lar). Like a globe or globule. 
globularetin (glob"u-lar-e'tin). A derivative, 
C9II6O, of the decomposition of globularin. It is 
a diuretic, cholagogue, and purgative. 
globularin (glob-u-la'rin). A bitter glucosid, C15- 
H20Og, from Globula'ria al'ypum: its action re- 
sembles that of caffein, and it lessens the secre- 
tion of urine. 
globule (glob'ul) [L. glob'ulus a globule]. 1. A 
small spheric mass; a little globe or pellet, as 
of medicine. 2. A blood-disk or corpuscle; a 
lymph-corpuscle; a fat-corpuscle in milk, den- 
tin g's, small spheres of dentin in the spaces of 
the peripheral dentin, directing g's, extru- 
sion g's, polar g's, minute rounded, cell-like 
masses derived from the germinal vesicle and 
the vitellus, and expelled from the maturing 
ovum before impregnation: they lie between the 
ovum and vitelline membrane. They have been 
found in some mammals and in many inverte- 
brates. Dobie's g., a minute stainable mass in 
the middle of the transparent disk of a muscle 
fibril. Morgagni's g's, minute hyaline spheres 
sometimes found between the eye-lens and its 
capsule, chiefly in cases of cataract. 
globulicidal (glob"u-lis-i'dal) [L. globu'lus glob- 
ule + ca'dere to kill]. Destroying the blood- 
corpuscles. 
globulicide (glob'u-lis-id). 1. An agent that de- 
stroys blood-corpuscles. 2. Globulicidal. 
globuliferous (glob-u-lif'er-us). Taking up or 
destroying the blood-corpuscles. 
globulimeter (glob-u-lim'et-er) [globule + Gr. per- 
pov measure]. An instrument for determining the 
number of blood-globules in a given quantity of 
blood. 
globulin (glob'u-lin) [L. globu'lus globule]. A class 
of proteins characterized by being insoluble in 
water and alcohol, but soluble in 0.5-1 per cent, 
solution of some neutral salt, from which solution 
they may be precipitated by heat. Examples of 
globulins are edestin, serum-globulin, lacto- 
globulin, cell-globulin, myoglobulin, myosin, mus- 
culin, and fibrinogen, antitoxic g., a globulin 
with which is associated the antitoxic properties 
of the serum, crystalline g., vegetable g., a 
globulin obtainable from the seeds of pumpkins, 
etc. fibrin-g., a globulin body found in the 
blood-serum after coagulation and thought to be 
split off from the fibrinogen during clotting, se- 
rum-g., the globulin of the blood-serum. 
globulinuria (glob"u-lin-u're-ah) [globulin + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of globulin or of 
globulins in the urine. 
globulolysis (glob-u-lol'is-is) [globule + Gr. Xvais 
solution]. Destruction of solution of blood-cor- 
puscles. 
globulolytic (glob"u-lo-lit'ik). Destructive to red 
blood-corpuscles; hematolytic. 
globulose (glob'u-los). A proteose produced by 
action of pepsin on the globulins; several varieties 
have been described. 
globulus (glob'u-lus), pl. glob'uli [L.]. i. The 
nucleus globosus. 2. A pill, bolus, or spheric 
suppository. 
globulysis (glo-bu'lis-is) [globule + Gr. Xvais solu- 
tion]. Hemolysis of red blood-corpuscles. 
globus (glo'bus). Latin for sphere or ball. g. of the 
heel, that portion of the wall of a horse's hoof 
where it Curves around the heel to form the bar. g. 
hyster'icus, the subjective sensation of choking; 
a lump in the throat: a condition frequently 
seen in hysteria, g. ma'lor, the head or upper 
and larger end of the epididymis, g. mi'nor, 
the smaller and distal end of the epididymis, g. 
pal'lidus [B N A], the pale interior of the lentic- 
ular nucleus. 
glome (glom). Either of the two prominences on 
the posterior edge of the frog of a horse's foot. 
glomerate (glom'er-at) [L. glomera'tus wound 
into a ball]. Crowded together into a ball. 
glomerular (glo-mer'u-lar). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a glomerulus. 
glomerule (glom'er-ul). Same as glomerulus. 
glomerulitis (glom-er-u-li'tis). Inflammation of 
the glomeruli of the kidney. 
glomerulonephritis (glom-er"u-lo-nef-ri'tis) 
[glomerulus + nephritis]. Same as glomerulitis. 
glomerulose (glom-er'u-lbs). Glomerular. 
glomerulus (glom-er'u-lus), pl. glomeruli [L. dim. 
of glo'mus ball]. 1. A tuft or cluster. 2. 
A coil of blood-vessels projecting into the ex- 
panded end or capsule of each of the uriniferous 
tubules, malpighian g. Same as glomerulus 
(2d def.), olfactory g., any one of a set of 
small globular masses of dense neuropil in the 
olfactory bulb containing the first synapse in the 
olfactory pathway. Ruysch's g., a malpighian 
tuft. 
glomus (glo'mus) [L.]. A fusiform swelling of the 
carotid plexus found at the junction of the body 
' of the lateral ventricle with the descending horn. 
g. carot'icum. See carotid gland, under gland. 
g. choroi'deum, an enlargement of the choroid 
plexus of the lateral ventricle where the inferior 
horn joins the central part. g. coccyge'um, the 
coccygeal gland. 
glonoin (glo-no'in). Nitroglycerin; also a home- 
opathic preparation of the same. 
glonoinism (glo-no'in-izm). The toxic effect pro- 
duced by nitroglycerin. 
glossagra (glos-a'grah, glos'ag-rah) [Gr. yXuaaa 
tongue + &ypa seizure]. Gouty pain of the 
tongue. 
glossal (glos'al) [Gr. yX&aaa tongue]. Pertain- 
ing to the tongue. 
glossalgia (glos-al'je-ah) [Gr. yXuaaa tongue + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the tongue. 
glossanthrax (glos-an'thraks) [Gr. yX&ffaa tongue 
+ avOpa^ anthrax]. Carbuncle of the tongue. 
glossectomy (glos-ek'to-me) [Gr. yX&acra. tongue 
+ eKTopn excision]. Surgical removal of the 
tongue; elinguation. 
Glossina (glos-i'nah). A genus of biting flies; the 
tsetse flies. G. mor'sitans, a fly of South Africa GLOSSITIS 
467 
GLUCOSE 
which transmits by its bite the Trypanosoma 
bru'cei, the cause of nagana in horses and is also the 
transmitter of T. rhodesiense the cause of the sleep- 
ing sickness of Rhodesia. G. pallid'ipes, a fly 
which transmits T. brucei. G. palpa'lis, a species 
of Central Africa which transmits by its bite 
T. gambiense, the organism of Africa sleeping sick- 
ness. Other species which probably transmit try- 
panosomes to animals and to man are: G. brevi- 
pennis, G. fusca, G. longipalpis, G. longipennis, G. 
pallicera, G. pallidipes, G. tachinoides. 
glossitis (glos-i'tis) [Gr. yX&aaa tongue + -ltls in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the tongue, g. 
area'ta exfoliati'va, geographic tongue. See 
under tongue, g. dis secans, dissecting g., a 
chronic form in which the tongue is deeply fur- 
rowed. idiopathic g., parenchymatous g., 
inflammation of the substance of the tongue and 
its mucous membrane. Moeller's g., chronic 
superficial glossitis, or glossodynia exfoliativa; an 
affection of the tongue sometimes extending to the 
cheeks and palate, affecting middle-aged people, 
especially women, and marked by burning pain and 
by red irregular patches, thinning of the papillae, 
and desquamation of the stratum corneum. par- 
asitic g. Same as glossophytia. 
glossocele (glos'o-sel) [Gr. yXoxraa tongue + KriXt] 
tumor]. Swelling and protrusion of the tongue. 
glossocinesthetic (glos"o-sin-es-thet'ik). Glosso- 
kinesthetic. 
glossocoma (glos-ok'o-mah). Retraction of the 
tongue. 
glossodynamometer (glos"o-di-nam-om'et-er) 
[Gr. yXuxraa tongue + dynamometer}. An in- 
strument for recording the power of the tongue 
to resist pressure. 
glossodynia (glos-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. yX&aaa. tongue 
+ bbvwr) pain]. Pain in the tongue, g. ex- 
foliati'va. See Moeller's glossitis, under glossitis. 
glosso-epiglottidean (glos"o-ep-e-glot-id'e-an). 
Pertaining to the tongue and epiglottis. 
glossograph (glos'o-graf) [Gr. yXaxrcra tongue + 
ypaipecv to record]. An apparatus for recording 
the tongue movements in speech. 
glossohyal (glos-o-hi'al) [glosso- + hyoid}. Per- 
taining to the tongue and hyoid bone. 
glossokinesthetic (glos"o-kin-es-thet'ik) [Gr. 
yXdaaa. tongue + kinesthetic}. Pertaining to the 
subjective perception of the movements of the 
tongue in speech. 
glossology (glos-ol'o-je) [Gr. yX&acra tongue + 
Xbyos treatise]. 1. The sum of knowledge re- 
garding the tongue. 2. A treatise on nomencla- 
ture. 
glossolysis (glos-ol'is-is) [Gr. yXdarja tongue -f- 
Xwrcs loosening]. Paralysis of the tongue. 
glossomantia (glos-o-man-ti'ah) [Gr. Xydaaa 
tongue + pavria divination]. Prognosis based on 
the appearance of the tongue. 
glossoncus (glos-ong'kus) [Gr. yXdaaa tongue + 
oukos mass]. A swelling of the tongue. 
glossopalatinus (glos"o-pal-at-i'nus). A small 
muscle which constitutes the larger part of the 
anterior pillar of the fauces. 
glossopathy (glos-op'ath-e) [Gr. yXdacra. tongue 
+ iradas suffering]. Any disease of the tongue. 
glossopharyngeal (glos"o-fah-rin'je-al) [Gr. 
yXonrcra. tongue + <pa.pvy^ pharynx]. Pertaining to 
the tongue and pharynx. See nerves, table of. 
glossopharyngeum (glos"o-fah-rin'je-um) [Gr. 
yXwtrcra tongue + <papvy^ pharynx]. The tongue 
and pharynx together. 
glossopharyngeus (glos"o-far-in'je-us). See mus- 
cles, table of. 
glossophytia (glos-o-fit'e-ah) [Gr. yXuaaa tongue 
+ cpvrov growth], A dark and foul state of the 
tongue, due to the presence of microphytes. 
Called also black tongue. 
glossoplasty (glos'o-plas-te) [Gr. yX&aaa tongue 
+ -irXacraecv to mold]. The plastic surgery of 
the tongue. 
glossoplegia (glos-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. yXciaaa 
tongue + TrXpyh stroke]. Paralysis of the tongue. 
glossopyrosis (glos"o-pi-ro'sis) [Gr. yXdaaa tongue 
+ irvpcoais burning], A burning sensation in the 
tongue. 
glossorrhaphy (glos-or'af-e) [Gr. vXwaaa tongue 
+ pa<ph suture]. Suture of the tongue. 
glossoscopy (glos-os'ko-pe) [Gr. yXdaaa tongue + 
aKoiretv to examine]. Examination of the tongue. 
glossospasm (glos'o-spazm) [Gr. yX&acra tongue 
+ <nra<rpbs spasm]. Spasm of the tongue muscles. 
glossotilt (glos'o-tilt) [Gr. yX&acra. tongue + 
rlXXecv to pull]. A lever which holds the tongue 
in one of the processes for artificial respiration. 
glossotomy (glos-ot'o-me) [Gr. yXobaaa tongue + 
repveiv to cut]. Incision or excision of the tongue. 
glossotrichia (glos-o-trik'e-ah) [Gr. yXaxraa tongue 
+ 9pl^ hair]. Hairy tongue. 
glottic (glot'ik) [Gr. yX&rra tongue]. i. Pertain- 
ing to the glottis. 2. Pertaining to the tongue. 
glottis (glot'is) [Gr. 7Xwttis]- The aperture, or 
chink, between the vocal cords, together with all 
that part of the larynx which is concerned in 
voice-production, false g., the space between 
the false vocal cords, true g., the opening be- 
tween the true vocal cords, vocal g., the rima 
vocalis: the opening between the vocal cords. 
glottitis (glot-i'tis). Same as glossitis. 
glottology (glot-ol'o-je). Same as glossology. 
glou-glou (gloo'gloo) [Fr.]. r. A gurgling sound 
produced in the stomach by various causes, 
such as the pressure of a corset. 2. A rattling 
sound sometimes heard in auscultation of the 
heart. 
glucal (glu'kal). An aldehyd derivative, C6H10O4, 
of glucose. 
glucase (glu'kas). A ferment from plants and 
microorganisms, changing starch into dextroglucose. 
glucemia, glucaemia (glu-se'me-ah). Same as 
glycemia. 
glucid (glu'sid). See saccharin. 
glucin (glu'sin). Sodium amidotriazinsulphonate: 
a patented sweetening agent, about one hundred 
times as sweet as cane-sugar. 
glucinum (glu-si'num). Same as beryllium. See 
elements, table of. 
gluciphore (glu'sif-6r). A group of atoms which is 
able to form sweet compounds by combining with 
other tasteless atoms. The atoms with which a 
gluciphore unites is called an auxogluc. 
gluck (gluk). A clucking noise sometimes made 
by a horse, due to spasm of the velum palati. 
glucohemia (glu-ko-he'me-ah). Same as glyco- 
hemia. 
glucolysis (glu-kol'is-is). Same as glycolysis. 
glucolytic (glu-ko-lit'ik). Same as glycolytic. 
gluconic acid (glu-kon'ik). See acid. 
glucophenetidin (glu"ko-fen-et'id-in). A deriv- 
ative from paraphenetidin and glucose, in silky 
white needles. 
glucoprotein (glu-ko-pro'te-in). Same as glyco- 
protein. 
glucosamin (glu-ko-sam'in). An alpha-amino- 
derivative of glucose, CH2OH(CHOH)3CH(NH2)- 
CHO, obtained from chitin by hydrolysis. 
glucosane (glu'ko-san). A polysaccharose which on 
hydrolysis yields a hexose. 
glucosazone (glu-ko-sa'zon). A yellow crystalline 
substance produced by treating glucose with 
phenyl hydrazine. The crystals melt at 2050 C. 
glucose (glu'kos) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet]. Grape- 
sugar, or dextrose, CeH^Oe or CH2OH(CHOH)4- GLUCOSID 
468 
GLYCIN 
CHO, a form of sugar from honey, fruit, etc., also 
from blood and lymph and from diabetic urine: 
commercially, it is prepared from maize by hy- 
drolysis of the starch. Glucose is a colorless, 
crystalline compound, soluble in water, and having 
the property of turning the polarized ray to the 
right. Brun's g., a histologic clearing solution 
composed of glucose, 240 gm.; distilled water, 840 
c.c.; camphor, 60 gm.; and glycerin, 60 c.c. 
glucosid, glucoside (glu'ko-sid). Any vegetable 
principle that may be decomposed into glucose and 
another principle. Chemically a glucosid may be 
defined as a carbohydrate compound formed by 
union of a sugar with a non-sugar accompanied by 
the elimination of water. 
glucosidolytic (glu"ko-si-do-lit'ik). Causing the 
splitting up of glucosids. 
glucosin (glu'ko-sin). 1. An odorless, white, 
sweet, crystalline powder: used in place of sugar in 
diabetes and rheumatism. 2. Any one of a group 
of bases derived from glucose by the action of 
ammonia: some are highly toxic. 
glucosone (glu'ko-son). An adehyd ketone, CH2- 
OH.(CHOH)3.CO.CHO, formed from glucosazone 
by treatment with HC1. 
glucosum (glu-ko'sum). Glucose. 
glucosuria (glu-ko-su're-ah) [glucose + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. Same as glycosuria. 
glue (gloo). An adhesive preparation in the form of 
impure gelatin derived from boiling certain animal 
substances, such as hoofs, in water. Sinclair's 
g., ordinary glue, 50 pints; water, 50 pints; glycerin, 
, 2 pints; calcium chlorid, 2 pints; thymol, 1 pint; 
heat to ioo° F. in a water-bath. 
Gluge's corpuscles (gloo'gez) [Gottlieb Gluge, 
German pathologist, 1812-1898]. See corpuscle. 
glulol (glu'lol). A proprietary formalin-gelatin 
preparation: used as a surgical dressing. 
gluside (glu'sid). Saccharin. 
glutaeus (glu-te'us) [Gr. yXovrbs buttock]. See 
muscles, table of. 
glutamic acid (glu-tam'ik). See acid. 
glutamin (glu-tam'in). The mono-amid of amino- 
glutaric acid, COOHCHNH2(CH2)2CONH2, found 
in the juices of many plants. 
glutannol (glu-tan'ol). An intestinal astringent 
made from fibrin and tannic acid. Dose, 5-30 
gr. (0.333-2 gm.). 
gluteal (glu'te-al) [Gr. yXovros buttock]. Pertain- 
ing to the buttocks. 
glutelin (glu'te-lin). A simple protein, insoluble 
in all neutral solvents, but readily soluble in very 
dilute acids and alkalis and coagulable by heat. It 
occurs in seeds of cereals. 
gluten (glu'ten) [L. "glue"]. The protein of wheat 
and other grains which gives to the dough its 
tough elastic character, g.-casein, a protein 
preparation employed in intestinal surgery to ex- 
cite adhesive inflammation. 
glutenin (glu'ten-in). The glutelin of wheat. 
gluteofemoral (glu"te-o-fem'or-al) [gluteal + fem- 
oral]. Pertaining to the buttock and thigh. 
gluteo-inguinal (glu"te-o-in'gwin-al). Pertaining 
to the buttock and groin. 
gluteus (glu-te'us). See muscles, table of. 
glutin (glu'tin). 1. A viscid substance from the 
gluten of wheat: gluten-casein. 2> Gelatin in its 
soft, dissolved, or gelatinous state. 
glutinous (glu'tin-us) [L. glutino'sus]. Sticky; 
adhesive;- gluey. 
glutitis (glu-ti'tis) [Gr. yXovrbs buttock + -itls in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the buttock. 
glutoform (glu'to-form). See glutol. 
glutoid (glu'toid). A preparation of gelatin and 
formaldehyd, not digestible in the stomach, but 
readily so in the intestine. It is used for making 
capsules to be used in intestinal medication. 
glutol (glu'tol). Formalin-gelatin; an antiseptic 
compound of gelatin and formaldehyd, in the 
form of a white powder, insoluble in water: used 
as an agglutinant and protective dressing for 
wounds. Called also glut oform. 
glutolin (glu'to-lin). An albuminoid substance 
found in paraglobulin and thought to be a con- 
stant constituent of blood-plasm. 
Gluzinski's test (gloo-zin'skez) [Anton Gluzinski, 
a physician in Lemberg]. See under test. 
glybrid (gli'brid). An antiseptic paste of boric 
acid, antifebrin, and glycerin. 
glycase (gli'kas). An enzyme which converts 
maltose and maltodextrin into dextrose. 
glycasine (gli-ka'sin). A proprietary ointment base 
consisting largely of alkali stearates and glycerin. 
glyceleum, glycelaeum (gli-sel-e'um) [Gr. yXwms 
sweet + eXaLov olive oil]. An ointment-base which 
contains 6 parts of olive oil, 2 parts of glycerin, 
and 1 part of almond-meal. 
glycemia, glycaemia (gli-se'me-ah) [Gr. yXvKvs 
sweet + al/ia blood]. The presence of an abnor- 
mally large amount of sugar in the blood. 
glycerid, glyceride (glis'er-id). An organic acid 
ester of glycerol. The natural fats are glycerids of 
the higher fatty acids, medullary g., a marrow 
extract used in anemia. 
glycerin (glis'er-in) [L. glyceri'num], 1. A syrupy 
liquid, C3H6(OH)3 or CH2OH.CHOH.CH2OH, 
from oils and fats, in which it is compounded with 
the various fatty acids. Glycerin is a triatomic alco- 
hol, and is soluble in water and in alcohol. It has a 
strong affinity for water, and is used to abstract 
water from the tissues. It is used as an emollient 
application to the skin, as a vehicle for various 
substances, as a laxative, as a substitute for sugar 
in diabetes, and as a medium for mounting in 
microscopy. Called also glycerol. 2. Same as 
glycerite. g. aldehyd, a compound, HOCH3.- 
CHOH.CHO, one of the constituents of glycerose. 
g.-gelatin peptone, a culture-medium for the 
study of microorganisms, g.-jelly. See under 
jelly, g.-phosphoric acid. See acid. 
glycerinated (glis'er-in-a-ted). Treated with or 
preserved in glycerin. 
glycerinum (glis-er-i'num). Latin for glycerin. 
glycerite (glis'er-it) [L. glyceri'tum]. A mixture 
of glycerin with a medicinal substance. The 
principal glycerites are those of alum, borax, 
boroglycerin, gallic acid, hydrastis, lead subace- 
tate, phenol, phosphates of iron, quinin, and 
strychnin, starch, tannic acid, tragacanth, and 
yolk of egg. 
glyceritum (glis-er-i'tum), gen. glyceri'ti; pl. glyceri'- 
ta. Latin for glycerite. 
glyceroformol (glis"er-o-for'mol). An antiseptic 
substance formed by the action of formaldehyd 
upon glycerin. 
glycerogelatin (glis"er-o-jel'at-in). Glycerin-jelly. 
See jelly. 
glycerol (glis'er-ol). 1. Same as glycerin. 2. 
Same as glycerite. acetanilid g., a mixture of 
40 parts of cold, sterilized glycerol with 1 part of 
acetanilid powder. 
glycerophosphate (glis"er-o-fos'fat). Any salt of 
glycerophosphoric acid: several of them are used 
as nerve-tonics. 
glyceroplasma (glis"er-o-plaz'mah). An anti- 
phlogistic compound of glycerin, a salicylate, and 
antiseptics. 
glycerose (glis'er-6z). A sugar formed by oxidizing 
glycerol. There are two glyceroses, glyceric alde- 
hyd and dioxyacetone. 
glyceryl (glis'er-il). The trivalent radical, C3H5, 
of glycerol. 
glycid (gli'sid). The oxid of hydroxypropene; it is 
isomeric with lactic aldehyd and acetol. 
glycin (gli'sin). Same as glycocoll. GLYCININ 
469 
GLYCOSURIA 
glycinin (glis'in-in). A protein from the soy-bean. 
Glyciphagus (gli-sif'ag-us). A genus of mites 
which cause grocers' itch. G. bus'ki, a species 
which had caused large sores on the foot of a negro 
in England. 
glyco- [Gr. yXvKvs sweet]. A prefix meaning sugar. 
Glycobacter (gli-ko-bak'ter) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet 
+ bacterium], A microorganism isolated from 
fecal matter, having the power of converting starch 
into sugar. It checks alimentary putrefaction and 
is used like the Bacillus bulgaricus. Called also 
Glycobacter peptolyticus. 
glycoblastol (gli-ko-blas'tol). A proprietary hair- 
restorer. 
glycocholate (gli-ko-kol'at). A salt of glycocholic 
acid. 
glycocholeic acid (gli-ko-ko-le'ik). See acid. 
glycocholic acid (gli-ko-kol'ik). See acid. 
glycocin (gli'ko-sin). Same as glycocoll. 
glycocoll (gli'ko-kol) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet + KoXXa 
glue], 1. Gelatin-sugar, CH2NH2.COOH, or amino- 
acetic acid, a colorless crystalline amino-acid de- 
rivable from many proteins. Called also glycin and 
glycocin. 2. Any substance of the group to which 
glycocoll belongs. 
glycocyanin (gli-ko-si'an-in). A nitrogenous com- 
pound, guanidin-acetic acid. NH2.C(NH).NH.- 
CH2.COOH, formed by heating guanidin with 
glycocoll. When methylated it becomes creatin. 
glycoformal (gli-ko-for'mal). An aqueous solu- 
tion of glycerin and formaldehyd: disinfectant. 
glycogelatin (gli-ko-jel'at-in). An ointment-base 
containing glycerin and gelatin. 
glycogen (gli'ko-jen) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet + yevvav to 
produce]. A carbohydrate, (CoHioC^n, from the 
liver, leukocytes, cartilage, and other tissues. It 
occurs in the form of an amorphous powder, 
soluble in water and dextrorotatory, and is colored 
red by iodin. It is formed in the liver from carbo- 
hydrates, being converted into dextrose as the 
needs of the system require, and carried away in 
the hepatic vein. It is also called animal starch. 
glycogenal (gli-ko-jen'al). A compound which 
occurs in the organism along with glycogen. 
glycogenase (gli-ko'jen-as). A diastatic ferment 
of the liver which splits up glycogen into dextrose, 
glycogenesis (gli-ko-jen'es-is) [glyco- + genesis]. 
The production of sugar or of glycogen. 
glycogenetic (gli"ko-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to the 
formation of sugar or of glycerin. 
glycogenic (gli-ko-jen'ik). Pertaining to glyco- 
genesis or to glycogen. 
glycogenolysis (gli"ko-jen-ol'is-is) [glycogen + Gr. 
Xuais solution]. The splitting up of glycogen into 
dextrose. 
glycogenolytic (gli-ko-jen-o-lit'ik). Splitting up 
glycogen. 
glycogenous (gli-koj'en-us). Same as glycogenetic. 
glycogeny (gli-koj'en-e). See glycogenesis. 
glycohemia (gli-ko-he'me-ah) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet -f- 
alpa blood]. The presence of sugar in the blood. 
glycoheroin (gli"ko-he-ro'in). A proprietary 
liquid preparation of heroin, hyoscyamin, and 
various expectorants. Dose, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
glycol (gli'kol). 1. Ethylene glycol, CH2OH.CH2- 
OH. 2. Any diatomic alcohol. 
glycoleucin (gli-ko-lu'sin). Alpha-amino normal 
caproic acid, CH3(CH2)3.CH(NH2).COOH, ob- 
tained as an extractive from brain tissue. Called 
also caprin. 
glycolipin (gli-ko-li'pin). A lipoid containing car- 
bohydrate radicals. 
glycolysis (gli-kol'is-is) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet + Mois 
solution]. The digestion of sugar, or its utiliza- 
tion within the living organism. 
glycolytic (gli-ko-lit'ik) [Gr. yXvKbs sweet + Xveiv 
to dissolve!. Breaking up or digesting the sugars. 
glycometabolic (gli"ko-met-ab-ol'ik). Pertaining 
to the metabolism of sugar. 
glycometabolism (gli"ko-met-ab'o-lizm). The 
metabolism of sugar. 
glycone (gli'kon). A glycerin suppository. 
glyconeogenesis (gli"ko-ne-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. 7XV- 
■ kus sweet + veos new + yevvav to produce]. The 
formation of carbohydrates from molecules which 
are not themselves carbohydrates, as protein or fat. 
glyconin (gli'ko-nin). A preparation of glycerin 
and the yolk of eggs; glyceritum vitelli. 
glyconol (gli'ko-nol). A proprietary cod-liver oil 
preparation. 
glyconucleoprotein (gli"ko-nu-kle-o-pro'te-in). A 
nucleoprotein having the carbohydrate group 
largely developed. 
glycophenol (gli-ko-fe'nol). Saccharin. 
glycophilia (gli-ko-fil'e-ah) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet + 
<pi\eiv to love]. A condition in which a very small 
amount of glucose produces hyperglycemia. 
glycophospholipin (gli"ko-fos"fo-li'pin). A phos- 
pholipin containing carbohydrate radicals; found 
in the liver. 
glycopolyuria (gli"ko-pol-e-u're-ah) [Gr. yXvKvs 
sweet + iroXvs much + ovpov urine]. Diabetes 
with a moderate increase of the sugar of the 
urine and with a marked increase of uric acid in 
the blood. 
glycoprotein (gli-ko-pro'te-in). Any one of a 
class of compound proteins consisting of a com- 
pound of protein with a carbohydrate group. 
They are distinguished by yielding in decomposi- 
tion a product capable of reducing cupric oxid. 
The glycoproteins include the mucins, the mu- 
coids, and the chondroproteins. 
glycoptyalism (gli-ko-ti'al-izm) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet 
+ TTTvaXov saliva]. The presence of glucose in 
the saliva. 
glycorrhachia (gli-ko-ra'ke-ah) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet 
+ pax's spine]. Presence of sugar in the cerebro- 
spinal fluid. 
glycorrhea (gli-kor-e'ah) [Gr. yXvKvs sugar + poia 
flow]. Any sugary discharge, as of urine. 
glycosal (gli'ko-sal). A monosalicylic-acid gly- 
cerin ester, OH.C6H4.CO.O.C3Hj(OH)2: used as an 
antiseptic and antirheumatic. Dose, 5-50 gr. 
(0.333-3 gm.). 
glycosamin (gli-ko-sam'in). Same as glucosamin. 
glycosecretory (gli"ko-se-kre'to-re). Causing or 
concerned in the secretion of glycogen. 
glycosemia, glycosaemia (gli-ko-se'me-ah). Same 
as glycemia. 
glycosid, glycoside (gli'ko-sid). Glucosid. 
glycosin (gli-ko'sin). A ring compound formed by 
the action of concentrated ammonia on glyoxal 
which sometimes unites with urea in the kidneys, 
forming uric acid. 
glycosolveol (gli-ko-sol've-ol). A proprietary di- 
abetic remedy. 
glycosometer (gli-ko-som'et-er) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet 
+ perpoo measure]. An instrument used in de- 
termining the proportion of sugar in the urine. 
glycosuria (gli-ko-su're-ah) [Gr. yXvKvs sweet 
+ ovpov urine]. The presence of an abnormally 
high percentage of glucose (sugar) in the urine, 
alimentary g., digestive g., glycosuria follow- 
ing the ingestion of sugar which in.normal condi- 
tions would be disposed of. emotional g., gly- 
cosuria induced by violent emotion, epinephrin 
g., glycosuria following the infection of adrenal 
extract, nervous g., glycosuria produced by 
puncture of the fourth ventricle of the brain, or by 
stimulation of the great splanchnic nerve, phlo- 
ridzin g., phlorizin g., glycosuria following the 
administration of phloridzin, renal g., glyco- 
suria occurring when there is only the normal 
amount of sugar in the blood, toxic g., glyco- 
suria produced by poisons. GOLD 
glycotauro (gli-ko-taw'ro). A proprietary con- 
centrated ox-bile freed from bile-pigments. 
glycothymolin (gli-ko-thi'mo-lin). A proprietary 
non-irritant antiseptic and anodyne agent. 
glycozone (gli'ko-zon). A proprietary ozone and 
hydrogen dioxid preparation. 
glycuresis (gli-ku-re'sis). An abnormal increase of 
sugar in the urine (S. R. Benedict). 
glycuronate (gli-ku'ro-nat). A compound formed 
by the union of glycuronic acid and some other 
substance, frequently an aromatic body. 
glycuronic acid (gli-ku-ron'ik). See acid. 
glycuronuria (gli-ku-ro-nu're-ah). The presence of 
glycuronic acid in the urine. 
glycyl (glis'il). The univalent acid radical, H2N- 
CH2CO, derived from glycocoll. 
glycylglycin (glis-il-glis'in). The simplest poly- 
peptid, CI12(NH2).CO.NH.CH2.CO2H. 
glycyltryptophan (glis-il-trip'to-fan). A dipeptid 
consisting of glycin and tryptophan radicals: used 
as a test for cancer of the stomach. See under test. 
Glycyrrhiza (glis-ir-hi'zah) [Gr. 7Xukus sweet + 
plroot]. A genus of leguminous plants. The root 
of G. gla'bra (licorice-root) is demulcent, anti- 
bechic, and laxative, and is used in laryngitis and 
bronchitis and as an ingredient in medicinal prepa- 
rations. Dose of fluidextract, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.); 
of syrup, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.); of compound mixture, 
(brown mixture), j-i fl.oz. (15-30 c.c.); of com- 
pound powder, 5-2 dr. (2-8 gm.). 
glycyrrhizin (glis-ir-hi'zin) [L. glycyrrhi'zinum]. 
A principle, C24H36O9, from licorice-root, am- 
moniated g., a sweet substance, used like 
licorice. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.). 
glykaolin (gli-ka'ol-in). An anodyne and antiphlo- 
gistic preparation of glycerin, kaolin, aluminum 
salicylate, and antiseptics. 
glykemia (gli-ke'me-ah). Glycemia. 
glymol (gli'mol). A proprietary oil derived from 
petroleum: destructive to insect vermin. 
glyoxylase (gli-ok'sil-as). An enzyme in certain 
body tissues capable of converting dextrose into 
lactic acid by the intermediate formation of glyceric 
aldehyd. 
glyoxylic acid (gli-ok-sil'ik). See acid. 
Gm., gm. An abbreviation for gram. 
Gmelin's test (ma'linz) [Leopold Gmelin, German 
physiologist, 1788-1853]. See test. 
gnat (nat). A small dipterous insect. In England 
the term is applied to misquitos; in America to 
insects smaller than mosquitos. See Chironomidce. 
Buffalo g., a sand-fly. See Simulium. 
gnathalgia (na-thal'je-ah) [Gr. yvados jaw + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the jaw. 
gnathic (na'thik) [Gr. yvados jaw]. Pertaining to 
the jaw or cheek. 
gnathion (na'the-on) [Gr. yvados jaw]. The lowest 
point on the median line of the lower jaw. 
gnathitis (na-thi'tis) [Gr. yvados jaw + -ins in- 
flammation], Inflammation of the jaw. 
Gnathobdellidae (gnath-o-del'id-e). A family of 
the Hirudinea which includes the genus Hirudo, 
the leech. 
gnathocephalus (na-tho-sefaLus) [Gr. yvados jaw 
+ Ke<^aXr] head]. A monster-fetus with no part 
of the head except the jaws. 
gnathodynamometer (nath"o-di-nam-om'et-er) 
[Gr. yvados jaw + dynamometer]. An instrument 
for measuring the force exerted in closing the jaws. 
gnathodynia (nath-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. yvados jaw 
+ bbvvi) pain]. Pain in the jaw. 
gnathoplasty (na'tho-plas-te) [Gr. yvados jaw + 
irXavoav to mold]. Plastic surgery of the jaw 
or cheek. 
Gnathostoma (nath-os'to-mah) [Gr. yvados jaw 
+ arbaa mouth]. A genus of nematode worms 
GLYCOTAURO 
470 
parasitic in cats, swine, and cattle. G. siamen'se, 
a nematode found parasitic in the stomach of 
cats, dogs, cattle, and swine. It was once found in 
the subcutaneous tissue of man. 
Gnathostomidse (gnath-o-sto'mid-e). A family of 
.the Nematoda characterized by having fine spines 
over the body. There is only one important genus: 
Gnathostoma. 
gnoscopin (nos'ko-pin). An alkaloid, C22H23NO7, 
from opium, in long, white, woolly needles (T. and 
H. Smith, 1878). 
gnosia (no'se-ah) [Gr. yvGxns knowledge]. The 
faculty of perceiving and recognizing. 
Goa powder (go'ah) [Goa a city of India]. A 
powder from the wood of Andi'ra araro'ba. See 
Andira. 
goblet-cells. See under cell. 
Godelier's law (go-da-lyaz') [Charles Pierre Gode- 
lier, French physician, 1813-1877]. See law. 
Goetsch's skin reaction (getsch'ez) [Emil 
Goctsch, American physician, born 1883]. See un- 
der reaction. 
Goffe's operation (gofs) [J. Riddle Gofe, New 
York gynecologist, born 1851]. See operation. 
gogul (go'gul). A variety of bdellium. 
goiter, goitre (goi'ter) [Fr. goitre]. Enlarge- 
ment of the thyroid body, causing a swelling 
in the front part of the neck; bronchocele; struma. 
The disease is endemic in Switzerland, the Alps of 
Savoy, in Styria, etc., being often accompanied 
by the condition known as cretinism, aberrant 
g., goiter of a supernumerary thyroid body, 
acute g., a rapidly developing goiter, adeno- 
matous g., an enlarged thyroid gland caused by 
an adenoma of the gland. Basedowified g., toxic 
goiter, colloid g., a large and soft form of goiter 
in which the gland presents distended spaces filled 
with colloid, cystic g., one in which cysts form 
by mucoid or colloid degeneration, diver g., 
diving g., a goiter which is movable and is located 
sometimes above and sometimes below the sternal 
notch, endemic g., goiter occurring in certain 
districts, particularly in the mountain regions of 
the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians, Andes, and 
Himalayas, exophthalmic g., a disease marked 
by an enlarged pulsating thyroid gland, marked 
acceleration of the pulse-rate, exophthalmos, a 
tendency to profuse sweats, nervous symptoms, 
including fine muscular tremors, psychic dis- 
turbance, emaciation, and increased basal metab- 
olism. The disease is probably dependent on 
lesions of the sympathetic nerve, and is regarded as 
a manifestation of excessive or perverted thyroid 
activity. Called also Flajani's, Graves', Parry's, 
and Basedow's disease, hyperthyroidism, thyro- 
toxicosis, toxic goiter, follicular g. Same as 
parenchymatous g. intrathoracic g., goiter in 
which a portion of the enlarged thyroid has de- 
scended into the thoracic cavity, lingual g., an 
enlargement of the upper end of the original thyro- 
glossal duct, forming a tumor at the posterior part 
of the dorsum of the tongue parenchymatous 
g., goiter marked by increase in the follicles and 
proliferation of the epithelium, perivascular 
g., one which is pierced by a large blood-vessel, 
retrovascular g., one which sends a process or 
processes behind an important blood-vessel, 
simple g., simple hyperplasia of the thyroid 
gland, substernal g., thyroid enlargement af- 
fecting the lower part of the isthmus, suffoca- 
tive g., a goiter which causes dyspnea by pressure, 
toxic g., one which produces a toxic secretion 
causing toxemia, wandering g., diver goiter. 
goitrigenous (goi-trij'en-us). Producing goiter, 
goitrogenous (goi-troj'en-us). Producing goiter, 
gold (gold). A yellow, metallic element occurring 
in masses or veins in rocks or in grains in the 
sand of rivers. Its symbol is Au (L. au'rum); 
atomic weight, 197.2; specific gravity, 19.3. Gold and'many of its compounds are used in medicine, 
chiefly as alteratives, and all the compounds are 
poisonous, g. and sodium chlor id, a com- 
pound, AuClsNaCl, used in syphilis and scrofula. 
Dose, gr. (0.03 gm.), g.-cure. Same, as 
Keeley cure. See under cure. g. monobromid, 
a yellowish-gray compound, AuBr: antiseptic, 
antiluetic, and anodyne. Dose, 1 gr. (0.003- 
0.012 gm.), g. monocyanid, a yellow powder, 
insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether: used in 
tuberculosis. Dose, gr. (0.004-0.016 gm.). 
Niirnburg g., a preparation containing 2.5 per 
cent, gold, 7.5 per cent, aluminum, and 90 per cent, 
copper, g. tribromid, an antiluetic, anti- 
epileptic, and anodyne substance, AuBra. Dose, 
gr. (0.005-0.012 gm.), g. tricyanid, a 
colorless, crystalline compound, Au(CN)s3H2O, 
soluble in water and alcohol: used in tuberculosis. 
Dose, gr. (0.004-0.016 gm.). 
Golden's sign (gol'denz) [W. W. Golden, contempo- 
rary American physician]. See sign. 
goldenseal. See Hydrastis. 
Goldflam's disease (golt'flahmz) [S. V. Goldflam, 
contemporary Polish physician]. Myasthenia 
gravis pseudoparalytica. 
Goldscheider's percussion (gold'shi-derz) [Al- 
fred Goldscheider, Berlin physician, born 1858]. 
See under percussion. 
goldthread (gold'thred). Same as Coptis. 
Goldthwait's symptom (gold'thwats) [Joel Gold- 
thwait, Boston orthopedic surgeon]. See symptom. 
Golgi's cells, corpuscles, etc. [Camillo Golgi, 
Italian neurologist at Pavia, 1844-1919]. See under 
cell, corpuscle, etc. 
Goll's columns, fibers, nucleus [Friedrich Goll, 
Swiss anatomist, 1829-1904]. See under column, 
fiber, and nucleus. 
Goltz's experiment (gbits) [Friedrich Leopold 
Goltz, German physician, 1834-1902]. See experi- 
ment. 
gomenol (gom'en-ol). A complex oily liquid dis- 
tilled from the leaves of niavul [Melaleu'ca virid- 
iflo'rd): antispasmodic, analgesic, and anticatar- 
rhal. Dose, 4-8 min. (0.25-0.50 c.c.), in cap- 
sules. 
gome-si (go-ma-se'). A Japanese medicine, the 
dried fruit of Schizan'dra ni'gra, a climbing mag- 
noliaceous shrub. 
gomphiasis (gom-fi'as-is) [Gr. yop<ptos molar 
tooth]. Looseness of the teeth. 
gomphosis (gom-fo'sis) [Gr. ybpipos nail]. An ar- 
ticulation in which a spike of bone fits into a 
socket, as the teeth into the maxillary bone. 
gonacratia (gon-ak-ra'she-ah) [Gr. yovi) semen -|- 
aKpareia incontinence]. Spermatorrhea. 
gonad (gon'ad), pl. gon'ades [L. go'nas, from Gr. 
yovi) semen]. Any essential or non-accessory 
sexual gland; an ovary or testis. 
gonadal (gon'ad-al). Pertaining to a gonad, 
gonadectomy (gon-ad-ek'to-me) [gonad 4- Gr. 
tKTopr) excision]. Removal of a sexual gland, 
either ovary or testicle. 
gonadial (go-nad'e-al). Pertaining to a gonad or 
reproductive organ. 
gonado-advent (gon-ad-o-ad'vent). Gonado- 
pause. 
gonadopause (gon-ad'o-paws). The loss of 
gonadol activity which accompanies senility. 
gonadotrope (gon-ad'o-trbp). A person who ex- 
hibits gonadotropism. 
gonadotropic (gon-ad-o-trop'ik). Pertaining to 
gonadotropism. 
gonadotropism (gon-ad-ot'ro-pizm) [gonad 4- Gr. 
rpoiri) a turning]. An endocrine constitution in 
which the gonads or sex glands exercise a dominat- 
ing influence. 
gonaduct (gon'ad-ukt). The duct of a gonad; 
the oviduct, or sperm-duct. 
GOLDEN'S SIGN 
471 
gonagra (gon-ag'rah, gon'ag-rah) [Gr. ybvv knee 
+ aypa seizure]. Gout in the knee. 
gonal (go'nal). A proprietary preparation said 
to be the active principle of sandalwood oil: 
used in gonorrhea. Dose, 10-20 min. (0.66-1.33 
c.c.). 
gonalgia (go-nal'je-ah) [Gr. yovv knee + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the knee. 
gonangiectomy (gon"an-je-ek'to-me) [Gr. yovi/ 
seed + ayyeiov vessel 4- eKTopi) excision]. Sur- 
gical removal of the vas deferens. 
gonargin (gon-ar'jin). A proprietary immunizing 
vaccine prepared from gonococci cultures. 
gonarthritis (gon-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. ybvv knee 4- 
apOpov joint + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of a knee or knee-joint. 
gonarthrocace (gon-ar-throk'a-se) [Gr. ybvv knee 
+ apOpov joint + ko-k-q evil]. An inflamed condi- 
tion of the knee-joint; white swelling. 
gonarthromeningitis (gon-ar"thro-men-in-ji'tis) 
[Gr. ybvv knee + apOpov joint + pfjviy^ mem- 
brane]. Inflammation of the synovial membrane 
of the knee-joint. 
gonarthrotomy (gon-ar-throt'o-me) [Gr. ybvv knee 
+ apOpov joint + repvetv to cut]. Surgical inci- 
sion of the knee-joint. 
gonatagra (gon-at-ag'rah) [Gr. ybvv knee 4- 
aypa seizure]. Gout in the knee. 
gonatocele (gon-at'o-sel) [Gr. ybvv knee 4- ici)Xr) 
tumor]. Tumor of the knee. 
gonecyst, gonecystis (gon'e-sist, gon-e-sis'tis) 
[Gr. yovi) semen 4- kuotis bladder]. A seminal 
vesicle. 
gonecystitis (gon-e-sis-ti'tis). Inflammation of a 
gonecyst. 
gonecystolith (gon-e-sis'to-lith) [gonecyst 4- Gr. 
XIOos stone]. A concretion in a seminal vesicle. 
gonecystopyosis (gon"e-sis-to-pi-o'sis) [gonecyst 
4- Gr. -irvwais suppuration]. Suppuration in a 
seminal vesicle. 
goneitis (gon-e-i'tis) [Gr. ybvv knee + -iris inflam- 
mation], Inflammation of the knee. 
gonepoiesis (gon"e-poi-e'sis) [Gr. yovi) semen 4- 
iroceiv to make]. The secretion or formation of 
the semen. 
gonepoietic (gon"e-poi-et'ik). Pertaining to the 
secretion of semen. 
Gongylone'ma scuta'tum. A nematode para- 
site occurring in the intestines of sheep and cattle. 
gonidiospore (go-nid'e-o-spor). An endospore 
formed within a spore capsule, as in Mucor. 
gonidium (go-nid'e-um), pl. gonid'ia [Gr. yovi) 
seed], r. A spore or asexual reproductive cell, 
especially the asexual spores of algae. 2. One of 
the green or chlorophyl-bearing elements of lichens. 
goniocraniometry (go"ne-o-kra-ne-om'et-re) [Gr. 
y&vta angle 4- craniometry]. The measurement 
of the cranial angles. 
goniometer (go-ne-om'et-er) [Gr. ycovla angle 4- 
perpov measure], 1. An instrument for measur- 
ing angles. 2. A plank, one end of which maybe 
tilted to any height: used for testing for labyrin- 
thine disease. 
gonion (go'ne-on) [Gr. ycovla angle]. The tip of 
the angle of the lower jaw. 
gonioscope (go'ne-o-skbp) [Gr. yiovla angle 4- 
aKoireiv to see]. A kind of ophthalmoscope for 
demonstrating ocular motility and rotation. 
gonitis (go-ni'tis) [Gr. ybvv knee 4- ltls inflam- 
mation], Inflammation of the knee, fungous 
g., inflammation of the knee-joint in which the 
capsule is diffusely thickened, g. tuberculo'sa, 
tuberculosis of the knee-joint. 
gonoblennorrhea (gon"o-blen-o-re'ah). Gonor- 
rhea. 
gonochorism (gon-ok'o-rizm) [Gr. ybvos seed 4- 
X<opl£eiv to separate]. Differentiation of sex. 
GONOCHORISM GONOCIDE 
472 
GOUT 
gonocide (gon'o-sid). Destructive to gonococcus, 
gonococcal (gon-o-kok'al). Pertaining to gono- 
cocci. 
gonococcemia (gon-o-kok-se'me-ah) [L. gonococci 
+ Gr. alpa blood]. The presence of gonococci 
in the blood. 
gonococcic (gon-o-kok'sik). Gonococcal. 
gonococcide (gon-o-kok'sid) [gonococcus + L. 
ca'dere to kill]. Destructive to gonococci; an 
agent that destroys gonococci. 
gonococcin (gon-o-kok'sin). A glycerin extractive 
of gonococci: employed in the cuti-reaction for 
gonorrhea. 
gonococcocide (gon-o-kok'o-sid) [gonococcus + L. 
cce'dere to kill]. Gonococcide. 
gonococcus (gon-o-kok'us), pl. gonococ'ci [gon- 
orrhea ff- coccus). The specific organism of gonor- 
rhea: the Neisse'ria gonorrhx'ce, discovered by A. 
Neisser in 1879. 
gonocyte (gon'o-sit) [Gr. ybvos generation + kIttos 
cell]. The primitive reproductive cell of the 
embryo. 
gonohemia, gonohsemia (gon-o-he'me-ah) [gonor- 
rhea + Gr. atpa blood]. General gonorrheal in- 
fection. 
gonoiodin (gon-oi'o-din). A proprietary gonor- 
rhea remedy. 
gononephrotome (gon-o-nef'ro-tom) [Gr. ybvos 
seed + v&ppbs kidney + ropv section]. That 
part of the mesoderm which develops into the re- 
productive and excretory organs of the embryo. 
gonopepsin (gon-o-pep'sin). A proprietary remedy 
for gonorrhea. 
gonophore, gonophorus (gon'o-for, go-nof'o-rus) 
[Gr. ybvos sperm, seed -f- tpepetv to bear]. Any 
accessory generative organ, such as an oviduct, 
sibermiduct, uterus, or seminal vesicle. 
gonorol (gon'o-rol). A proprietary remedy for 
gonorrhea, containing the combined active prin- 
ciples of true sandalwood oil. 
gonorrhea, gonorrhoea (gon-or-e'ah) [Gr. yov-q 
semen -|- peiv to flow]. A contagious catarrhal 
inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, 
mainly propagated by impure coitus, and due 
to a specific microorganism, the gonococcus of 
Neisser, Neisse'ria gonorrhoe'ce. The disease is 
marked by pain, ardor urinae, and a mucopurulent 
discharge; it may pass away without any serious 
result, or it may become chronic, involving the 
submucous tissue and producing urethral stricture 
or leaving a chronic discharge called gleet. It is 
frequently attended with ' complications, such as 
prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis, cystitis, etc. It 
may also produce arthritis and endocarditis, 
black g., gonorrhea in which the discharge is 
black or bloody. 
gonorrheal (gon-or-e'al). Of or pertaining to 
gonorrhea. 
gonosan (gon'o-san). A preparation of the active 
principle of kava-kava and sandalwood oil: 
used for gonorrhea. 
gonotome (gon'o-tom) [Gr. ybvos generation + 
Topq a cut]. That part of the mesoderm which 
develops into the reproductive organs of the em- 
bryo. 
gono toxemia (gon-o-toks-e'me-ah). Toxemia 
caused by gonorrheal pus. 
gonotoxin (gon-o-toks'in). The toxin of the gono- 
coccus. 
gonycampsis (gon-e-kamp'sis) [Gr. ybvv knee + 
Kap-fts bending]. Abnormal curvature of the 
knee. 
gonycrotesis (gon-e-kro-te'sis) [Gr. ybvv knee + 
Kpbrqats striking]. Knock-knee. 
gonyectyposis (gon"e-ek-ti-po'sis) [Gr. ybvv 
knee + kKTViraxns displacement]. Bow-legs. 
gonyocele (gon'e-o-sel) [Gr. ybvv knee -f- K17X77 
tumor]. Synovitis or tuberculous arthritis of the 
knee. 
gonyoncus (gon-e-ong'kus) [Gr. ybvv knee + 
byKos tumor]. Tumor of the knee. 
goose-flesh (goos'flesh). See cutis anserina. 
Gordiacea (gor-de-a'se-ah). An order of the 
Nemathelminthes commonly called "horse-hair" 
or "hair-eels." 
Gordius (gor'de-us). A genus of the Gordiacea. 
G. aquat'icus, this species has been found as a 
parasite in man several times and seems to cause 
intestinal and nervous symptoms. 
Gordon's reflex and sign (gor'donz) [Alfred C. 
Gordon, neurologist in Philadelphia, born 1869]. 
See reflex and sign. 
gorget (gor'jet). A wide-grooved lithotomy di- 
rector. 
gorit (go'rit). A proprietary calcium peroxid: used 
as an intestinal disinfectant. 
gorondou (go-ron'doo). See goundou. 
Gosselin's fracture (gos-lahz') [Leon Athanase 
Gosselin, French surgeon, 1815-1887]. See fracture. 
gossypii radicis cortex (gos-ip'e-i ra-di'sis kor'- 
teks) [L.]. Cotton-root bark. See under Gossypium. 
gossypiin (gos-ip'e-in). A concentration pre- 
pared from cotton-root: diuretic and emmena- 
gogue. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.). 
Gossypium (gos-ip'e-um), gen. gossyp'ii [L.]. 1. 
A genus of malvaceous plants; cotton-plants. 
The bark of the root of various species (cotton- 
root bark) is diuretic, emmenagogue, and oxy- 
tocic, and is used in dysmenorrhea and amenor- 
rhea. Dose, i-i dr. (1-4 gm.); of fluidextract, 
15-45 m'n- (1-3 c.c.). 2. Cotton; the fiber or 
hairy down surrounding the seeds of the cotton- 
plant. See cotton, cotton oil. g. purifica'tum, 
purified cotton, g. styp'ticum, styptic cotton. 
See under cotton. 
gossypol (gos'ip-ol). A toxic substance extracted 
from cotton-seed. 
Gottschalk's operation (got'shahks) [Sigmund 
Gottschalk, German surgeon, 1860-1914]. See 
operation. 
Gottstein's fibers, process (got'stinz) [Jacob 
Gottslein, otologist in Breslau, 1832-1895]. See 
fiber, process. 
gouge (gowj). A hollow chisel used in cutting 
and removing bone. 
Goulard's cerate, extract (goo-larz') [Thomas 
Goulard, French surgeon, died 1784]. See cerate 
and extract. 
Gould's sign (gooldz) [George Milbry Gould, 
American ophthalmologist, 1848-1922]. See sign. 
Gould's suture (goolds) [Sir Alfred Pearce Gould, 
English surgeon, 1852-1922]. See under suture. 
goundou (goon'doo). Osteoplastic periostitis of the 
nose: a disease seen in the natives of the west 
coast of Africa, and marked by headache, purulent 
nasal discharge, and the formation of symmetric 
painless swellings (bony exostoses) at the sides of 
the nose. It is thought to be a sequel of yaws. 
Called also henpue and anakhre. 
gout (gowt) [L. gut'ta a drop, because of the ancient 
belief that the disease was due to a "noxa" falling 
drop by drop into the joint]. A disease of metab- 
olism dependent on the deposit of purin sub- 
stances in the body, and attended by an excess of 
uric acid in the blood, the formation of chalky 
(monosodium urate) deposits in the cartilages of 
the joints, and by attacks of acute arthritis. An 
attack of gout usually comes on suddenly in the 
night, and is marked by severe pain and inflamma- 
tion of the great toe and by febrile symptoms, the 
symptoms tending to disappear in the morning, 
but returning at night. Other joints may become 
involved, especially the small joints of the extrem- 
ities. It is brought on by excess in food and sweet 
wines, abarticular g., that which does not affect 
the joints, articular g., gout affecting the joints, 
chalky g. Same as tophaceous g. irregular g. 
Same as abarticular g. latent g., masked g., GOUTIN 
473 
GRANULATION 
lithemia without the typical features of gout, 
lead-g., gout ascribed to lead-poisoning, mis- 
placed g., retrocedent g., gout in which 
the arthritic symptoms have disappeared and are 
followed by severe constitutional disturbances, 
poor-man's g., gout ascribed to hard work, 
exposure, ill feeding, and excess in the use of malt 
liquors, regular g., articular gout, retro- 
cedent g., gout in which the joint symptoms 
suddenly abate, being replaced by cerebral, car- 
diac, and gastric disturbances, rheumatic 
g., a name formerly employed for what is now 
known as atrophic arthritis, on the erroneous sup- 
position that the disease was gouty in origin. See 
atrophic arthritis, under arthritis, saturnine g., 
gout due to lead-poisoning. tophaceous g., 
gout in which there are tophi or chalky deposits 
of sodium urate. 
goutin (gowt'in). See citarin. 
gouty (gow'te). Affected with or of the nature of 
gout. 
Gowers' contraction, sign, etc. (gow'erz) [Sir 
William R. Gowers, English neurologist, 1845- 
1915]. See contraction, sign, etc. 
Goyrand's hernia (gwar-ahndz') [Jean Gaspard 
Blaise Goyrand, French surgeon, 1803-1866]. See 
hernia. 
Gr., gr. An abbreviation for grain. 
graafian follicle, vesicles, etc. (grah'fe-an) 
[Reinhart de Graaf, Dutch physician and anato- 
mist, 1641-1673]. See under follicle, vesicle, etc. 
gracile (gras'il) [L. gra'cilis}. Slender or delicate, 
gracilis (gras'il-is). See muscles, table of. 
Grad. Abbreviation for L. grada'tim, by degrees. 
gradatim (gra-da'tim) [L.]. Gradually. 
Gradenigo's syndrome (grah-den-e'goz) [Giu- 
seppe Gradenigo, contemporary Italian physician]. 
See syndrome. 
graduate (grad'u-at) [L. gradua'tus]. 1. A per- 
son who has received a degree from a university 
or college. 2. A measuring-vessel marked by a 
series of lines. 
graduated (grad'u-at-ed) [L. gra'dus step]. Marked 
by a succession of lines, steps, or degrees. 
Graefe's sign, etc. (gra'fez) [Albrecht von Graefe, 
German ophthalmologist, 1828-1870]. See sign. 
graft (graft). A slip of skin or of other tissue for 
implantation, animal g., a graft of tissue trans- 
ferred from one of the lower animals to man. 
Called also zodplastic g. autodermic g., auto- 
epidermic g., a skin-graft taken from the pa- 
tient's own body; dermatoplasty, autoplastic 
g., a graft that is taken from the patient's own 
body, bone-g., a piece of bone taken from an 
animal or from some bone of the patient and used 
to take the place of a removed bone or bony 
defect, cotton-g., the insertion of a tuft of 
cotton into an ulcer to promote healing, der- 
mic g., a graft composed of a bit of the derma, 
or true skin, epidermic g., a piece of epidermis 
implanted upon a raw surface, fascicular g., a 
nerve graft in which the bundles of nerve-fibers are 
approximated and sutured separately, frog-skin 
g's, bits of sterilized skin from the belly of the frog 
for transfer to the surface of a chronic ulcer, 
heterodermic g„9 a skin-graft taken from the 
body of a person other than the patient, het- 
eroplastic g., a graft that is taken from an 
animal of another species, homoplastic g. 
Same as autoplastic g. isoplastic g., a graft 
taken from another individual of the same species, 
omental g's, strips of omentum to cover the 
line of enterorrhaphy. periosteal g., a piece of 
periosteum to cover a denuded bone, skin-g., 
a bit of skin implanted to replace a lost part of the 
integument, sponge-g., a bit of sponge inserted 
into a wound to promote the formation of granula- 
tions. Thiersch's g., a graft consisting of a 
piece of skin and a certain thickness of the sub- 
cutaneous tissue, thyroid g., a piece of the 
thyroid body implanted in the tissues as a remedy 
for myxedema, zodplastic g., a piece of tissue 
transplanted from one of the lower animals to the 
human body. 
Graham's law (gra'hamz) [Thomas Graham, Eng- 
lish chemist, 1805-1869]. See law. 
grain (gran) [L. gra'num}. 1. A seed, especially 
of a cereal plant. 2. The twentieth part of a 
scruple: c.065 gram, kefir g. See under kefir. 
g's of paradise, the unripe fruit of Amo'mum 
meleguet'a and other West African species of the 
genus: stimulant and diuretic; sometimes used in 
neuralgia. V-shaped g's, a system of separate 
grains of colorable material (each grain united with 
an achromatic thread) in the ovum. 
grain-founder (gran-fown'der). See under 
founder. 
grainage (gran'aj). Weight in grains or parts of 
a grain. 
gram, gramme (gram) [Fr. gramme; Gr. 
mark], A weight in the metric system equal to 
15-437+ grains troy. 
gram-equivalent. The atomic weight of an ele- 
ment divided by its valence. 
gram-ion (gram-i'on). A quantity of an ion whose 
weight in grams is numerically equal to the atomic 
weight of the ion. 
grammeter (gram'me-ter). A unit of work, repre- 
senting the energy expended in raising 1 gm. of 
weight 1 meter vertically against gravitational 
force. It is one-thousandth of a kilogrammeter, 
or about 98,000 ergs. 
grammole (gram'mol). Gram-molecule. 
gram-molecule (gram-mol'ek-ul). A quantity of 
a substance in grams .equal to the molecular 
weight of the substance. 
Gram-negative (gram-neg'at-iv). Not staining by 
Gram's method. 
Gram-positive (gram-pos'it-iv). Staining by 
Gram's method. 
Gram's solution, etc. [H. C. J. Gram, Danish 
physician, born 1853]. See solution, etc. 
granatonin (gran-a-to'nin). Same as pseudo pel- 
letter in. 
granatum (gra-na'tum), gen. grana'ti [L.]. The 
bark of the root and stem of Pun'ica grana'turn, 
or pomegranate. It is a vermifuge and tenia- 
cide. Dose in powder, 20-30 gr. (1.333-2 gm.); 
of fluidextract, >-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.). See pelle- 
tierin. 
Grancher's disease (grahn-shaz') [Jacques Joseph 
Grancher, French physician, 1843-1907]. See 
under disease. 
grandination (gran-din-a'shun) [L. gran'do hail]. 
The application, by means of the sand-blast, of fine 
particles, as seeds, to the surface of a part, for the 
stimulation of the skin. 
grandira (gran-di'rah). A proprietary calomel 
ointment, used as a protective against syphilis. 
grand mal (grahnd mahl). See under epilepsy. 
granoplasm (gran'o-plazm). Granular proto- 
plasm. 
granular (gran'u-lar) [L. granula'ris]. Made up 
of or marked by granules or grains. 
granulase (gran'u-las). A ferment thought to be 
present in grain and to have the power of splitting 
starch into achroodextrin and maltose. 
granulation (gran-u-la'shun) [L. granula'tio\. 1. 
The division of hard or metallic substances into 
small particles. 2. The formation in wounds of 
small, rounded, fleshy masses; also a mass so 
formed. 3. A small, round, abnormal mass of 
lymphoid tissue, as on the conjunctiva of the 
lids or within the pharynx. Bayle's g's, gray 
tubercular nodules of the lung that have under- 
gone fibroid degeneration. Bright's g's, the 
granulations of large white kidney, exuberant g's. Same as proud flesh. See flesh, pacchio- 
nian g's, pacchionian bodies. See under body. 
Virchow's g's, granulations containing epen- 
dymal and glia-fibers, found in the walls of the 
cerebral ventricles in general paralysis. 
(granulatio'nes arachnoidea'les [B N A]. The 
pacchionian bodies. See under body. 
granule (gran'ul) [L. gran'ulum]. A small parti- 
cle or grain; also a medicinal pellet, acidophil 
g's. Same as alpha-g's. agminated g's, small 
protoplasmic particles occurring in the blood, sup- 
posed to be disintegrated blood-corpuscles, al- 
buminous g's, granules seen in the cytoplasm 
of many normal cells, which optically disappear on 
the addition of acetic acid, but are not affected by 
■ether or chloroform, alpha-g's, thecoarse, highly 
refractive, eosinophil granules of leukocytes. They 
are composed of albuminous matter. Called also 
eosinophil and oxyphil g's. Altmann's g's, 
rounded masses stainable with acid fuchsin, seen in 
the glandular cells of vertebrates: they are thought 
to be concerned in secretory activity. Called also 
fuchsinophil g's and plasmosomes. amphophil 
g's. Same as beta-g's. azur g., azurophil g., 
a granule which stains easily with azure dyes; they 
are coarse reddish granules and are seen in many 
lymphocytes. Babes-Ernst g's. See meta- 
■chromatic g. Balfour's infective g., a small re- 
fractive granule seen in the red blood-corpuscles in 
spirochetosis of fowls, basal g., blepharoplast. 
basophil g's. Same as gamma-g's. beta- 
g's, fine, round, amphophil granules found in 
the marrow cavities, and sometimes in leuko- 
cytes. Bettelheim's g's, small mobile gran- 
ules seen in the blood. Biitschli's g's, swell- 
ings on the bipolar rays of the amphiaster in the 
ovum, carbohydrate g's, particles of car- 
bohydrate matter in the body fluids in the course 
•of being assimilated, chromatic g's, chro- 
mophilic g's, particles of stainable substance, 
whether within or without a cell or a nucleus, 
cone-g's, the nuclei of the visual cells of the 
retina in its outer nuclear layer which are con- 
nected with the cones, cytoplasmic g's. 
See albuminous g's. delta-g's, round baso- 
philic masses from the non-nuclear elements of 
the blood, elementary g's, hemokoniae. eo- 
sinophil g's. See alpha-g's. epsilon-g's, 
neutrophil granules from the protoplasm of 
polynuclear leukocytes. Fauvel's g's, peri- 
bronchitic abscesses, female g's, the parts 
into which the female pronucleus breaks up 
after fertilization, fuchsinophil g's. See 
Altmann's g's. gamma-g's, basophilic granules 
found in the blood, marrow, and in the tissues. 
They are very abundant in leukemic blood. Gra- 
witz's g's, minute granules seen in the red blood- 
corpuscles in lead-poisoning. hyperchroma- 
tin g., azure granule. infective g., a small 
granular body which carries the infection in 
trypanosomiasis, iodophil g's, granules stain- 
ing brown with iodin, seen in polymorphonuclear 
leukocytes in various acute infectious diseases, 
kappa g., azur granule. Kolliker's inter- 
stitial g's, various sized granules seen in the 
sarcoplasm of muscle-fibers, male-g's, the 
oarts (four or six in number) into which the 
head of the spermatozoon divides after fertil- 
ization has taken place. malignant g. See 
Hodgkin's disease, under disease. metachro- 
matic g., deeply staining masses irregular in 
size and number seen in the protoplasm of various 
bacteria. Called also metachromatic bodies and 
Babes-Ernst bodies. Much's g's, granules and 
rods found in tuberculous sputum which do not 
stain by the usual processes for acid-fast bacilli, but 
do stain with Gram stain; regarded as modified tu- 
bercle bacilli. Neusser's g's, basophil granules 
seen about the nuclei of leukocytes, neutrophil 
g's. See epsilon-g's. Nissl's g's. See Nissl's 
bodies, under body, oxyphil g's. See alpha-g's. 
pigment g's, small masses of coloring-matter oc- 
GRANULATIONES 
474 
curring in pigment cells. Plehn's g's, basophil 
granules in the conjugating form of malarial para- 
site. protein g's, minute particles of various pro- 
teins, some anabolic and others catabolic, rod- 
g's, the nuclei of rod-visual cells in the outer nu- 
clear layer of the retina which are connected'with 
the rods. Schridde's g's, granules similar to 
Altmann's granules, but smaller, found in plasma- 
cells and lymphocytes. Schroen-Much g's. 
Same as Much's g's. Schron's g., a small body, 
of doubtful origin, seen in the germinal spot of 
the ovum. Schiiffner's g's, coarse red gran- 
ules seen in erythrocytes in malarial fever on stain- 
ing with polychrome methylene-blue. Schiig- 
ner's g's, Plehn's granules. Schiile's g's, 
Plehn's granules, seminal g's, the small granu- 
lar bodies seen in the spermatic fluid, thread 
g's. See mitochondria, zymogen g's, granules 
in the cells of the salivary gland thought to con- 
tain the preliminary matter from which ptyalin 
is formed. 
granulitis (gran-u-li'tis). Miliary tuberculosis. 
granulo-adipose (gran"u-lo-ad'ip-os). Showing 
fatty degeneration which contains granules of 
fat. 
granuloblast (gran'u-lo-blast). An embryonic 
blood-cell containing granules and developing into 
a granulocyte. 
granulocyte (gran'u-lo-slt) [granular -f- Gr. kutos 
cell]. Any cell containing granules, especially a 
leukocyte containing basophil or eosinophil gran- 
ules in its protoplasm. 
granulofatty (gran"u-lo-fat'e). Same as granulo- 
adipose. 
granulogen (gran'u-lo-jen). A proprietary paraffin 
preparation: used as a protective dressing for burns 
and skin diseases. 
granuloma (gran-u-lo'mah). A tumor or neo- 
plasm made up of granulation tissue (Virchow), 
g. annula're, a condition marked by hard, red- 
dish nodules arranged in a circle which enlarge until 
they form a ring, coccidioidal g., a disease due 
to infection with the fungus Coccidioi'des immit'is 
{Oidium coccidioide). The symptoms resemble 
those of tuberculosis, and the disease attacks the 
viscera as well as the bones, joints, and skin. 
Called also oidiomycosis, California disease, San 
Joaquin Valley disease, and dermatitis coccid- 
ioides. dental g., a small mass of granu- 
lation tissue containing bacterial deposits on the 
root of a tooth, g. endem'icum, dermal leish- 
maniasis. g. fungoi'des, mycosis fungoides. 
Hodgkin's g., Hodgkin's disease, infectious 
g., granuloma caused by a specific microorganism, 
as tubercle, g. inguinale. Same as ulcerating 
g. of pudenda, g. ir'idis, a non-malignant and 
highly vascular growth of the iris, of various 
form. g. malig'num, malignant g. See 
Hodgkin's disease, under disease, g. pyogen'- 
icum, a fungating pedunculated growth in which 
the granulations consist of masses of staphylococci, 
g. sarcomato'des, mycosis fungoides. g. 
trichophyt'icum, a variety consisting of round 
or flat nodules, from a rose red to a cyanotic hue, 
disseminated or arranged in chains. It is due to a 
trichophyton, g. trop'icum. Same as yaws. 
ulcerating g. of the pudenda, a tropical dis- 
ease, being an ulcerating granuloma affecting the 
genitals and neighboring parts, and characterized 
by its granular appearance, large extent, and 
chronic course. Called also pudendal ulcer, gran- 
uloma inguinale, and granuloma venereum, ve- 
nereal g., g. vene'reum. Same as ulcerating g. 
of the pudenda. 
granulomatosis (gran-u-lo-mat-o'sis). The for- 
mation of multiple granulomata. 
granuloplasm (gran'u-lo-plazm). Same as en- 
tosarc. 
granuloplastic (gran"u-lo-plas'tik) [granule + 
Gr. TrXdmreo' to form]. Forming granules. 
GRANULOPLASTIC GRANULOPOTENT 
475 
GREEN T STOFF 
granulopotent (gran" u-lo-po'tent). Capable of 
forming granules. 
granulosarcoid, granulosarcoma (gran"u-lo- 
sar'koid, gran"u-lo-sar-ko'ma). Same as mycosis 
fungoides. 
granulose (gran'u-los). The more soluble portion 
of starch. 
granulosis (gran-u-lo'sis). The formation of a 
mass of granules, g. ru'bra na'si, a disease of 
the skin of the nose, which sometimes extends to 
the cheeks, marked by a bright red color of the 
part, over which are scattered reddish specks and 
papules. It is associated with hyperidrosis of the 
area and is due to chronic inflammation of the ves- 
sels around the sweat apparatus. 
granulosity (gran-u-los'it-e). A mass of granula- 
tions. 
granum (gra'num), pl. gra'na. Latin for grain. 
Granville's hammer [Joseph Mortimer Granville, 
English physician, 1833-1900]. A hammer-like 
instrument for performing vibratory massage. 
Granville's lotion [Augustus Bozzi Granville, 
English physician, 1783-1871]. See lotion. 
grape-cure (grap'kur). The treatment of disease 
by feeding the patient with grapes. 
grape-sugar. See glucose. 
grapes (graps). 1. Granulations forming in severe 
cases of grease-heel in horses. 2. Bovine tubercu- 
losis. Carswell's g's, tuberculous infiltra- 
tion distributed in masses around the smaller 
bronchi like bunches of grapes: seen in pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 
graphic (graf'ik) [Gr. ypaveiv to write]. Written 
or drawn; pertaining to representation by diagrams, 
g. method, a method of making use of diagrams, 
tracings, etc., in studying scientific phenomena, 
as in the study of heart action by sphygmographic 
tracings, etc. 
graphite (graf'Tt) [L. graphi'tes, from Gr. ypatpis 
pencil]. Plumbago: a form of native mineralized 
carbon. 
graphology (graf-ol'o-je) [Gr. ypa<pi] writing + 
Xoyos treatise]. The study of the handwriting as 
a means of diagnosis in diseases of the brain and 
nerves. 
graphomotor (graf-o-mo'tor) [Gr. ypa<peiv to write 
+ motor]. Pertaining to, or affecting, the move- 
ments required in writing. 
graphorrhea (graf-or-e'ah) [Gr. ypa<peiv to write 
+ pola flow]. An insane condition marked by the 
writing of long lists of meaningless and uncon- 
nected words. 
graphoscope (graf'o-skop) [Gr. ypaipeiv to write + 
(TKOTreiv to view]. An instrument for treating my- 
opia and asthenopia. 
graphospasm (graf'o-spazm) [Gr. ypapeiv to write 
+ criraapos spasm]. Writers' cramp. 
Grasset's law, sign (grah-saz') [Joseph Grasset, 
French physician, 1849-1918]. See under law. 
grass-fire. Stalk disease of cattle. 
grass-sickness. See under sickness. 
Gratiola officinalis (gra-ti'o-lah). The hedge- 
hyssop, a scrophulariaceous plant of Europe: 
purgative, emetic, and diuretic. Dose in pow- 
der, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.); of infusion, [ fl.oz. (15 c.c.). 
Gratiolet's optic radiation (grah-te-o-laz') 
[Louis Pierre Gratiolet French anatomist, 1815- 
1865]. See optic radiation, under radiation. 
gratiolin (gra-ti'o-lin). A poisonous glucosid, in 
yellow nodules or silky needles, C3oH3407, from 
Grati'ola officina'lis. 
grattage (grat-ahzh') [Fr.]. The removal of gran- 
ulations by friction with a stiff brush. 
Graupner's test (growp'nerz) [S. C. Graupner, 
contemporary German physician]. See under test. 
grave (grav) [L. gra'vis], Severe or serious. 
gravedo (gra-ve'do) [L.]. Cold in the head, or 
nasal catarrh. 
gravel (grav'el). Calculous matter from the kid- 
neys or bladder, distinguished from stone only 
by its smaller size. See calculus. 
Graves' disease (gravz) [Robert James Graves, 
Irish physician, 1797-1853]. See disease. 
grave-wax (grav'waks). See adipocere. 
gravid (grav'id) [L. grav'ida pregnant]. Preg- 
nant; with child; containing a fetus. 
gravida (grav'id-ah). A pregnant woman. 
gravidic (grav-id'ik). Occurring in pregnancy. 
gravidin (grav'id-in). See ky estein. 
gravidism (grav'id-izm). Pregnancy, or the sum 
of the symptoms, signs, and conditions associated 
with it. 
gravidity (grav-id'it-e) [L. gravid'itas]. The con- 
dition of being with child; pregnancy. 
gravimeter (grav-im'et-er) [L. gra'vis heavy + 
me'trum measure]. An instrument for deter- 
mining specific gravities. 
gravimetric (grav-im-et'rik) [L. gra'vis heavy + 
me'trum measure]. Pertaining to measurement 
by weight; performed by weight and measure. 
gravistatic (grav-is-tat'ik). Due to gravitation, 
as, gravistatic pulmonary congestion. 
gravitation (grav-it-a'shun). The force that tends 
to draw all bodies together. 
gravitometer (grav-it-om'et-er). A balance for 
measuring specific gravity. 
gravity (grav'it-e) [L. grav'itas]. Weight; ten- 
dency toward the center of the earth, specific 
g., the weight of a substance compared with that 
of an equal volume of another substance taken 
as a standard. 
Grawitz's cacfiexia, cells, tumors (grah'witz) 
[Paul Grawitz, pathologist in Greifswald, born 1850]. 
See under cachexia, cell, and tumor. 
gray (gra). 1. Of a hue between white and black. 
See the associated nouns. 2. The gray matter of 
the nervous system, central g., relatively un- 
differentiated gray matter which retains its primi- 
tive position near the ventricles, nervous g., 
Nissl's term for the unknown specific constituent 
of the gray matter of the nervous system. 
grease (gres). An inflammatory swelling in a horse's 
leg, with the formation of cracks in the skin and 
the excretion of oily matter. 
grease-heel (gres-hel'). Same as grease. 
greasene (gres'en). An absorbent mixture used in 
gas masks. 
green (gren). 1. Having the color of fresh leaves or 
of grass. See the associated nouns. 2. A green 
coloring-matter or dye. brilliant g., a tri- 
phenylmethane dye, diamino-triphenylmethane, 
having powerful bactericidal properties. Janus 
g., a dye used as a histologic and bacteriologic stain, 
malachite g., a dye, tetramethyl-diamino-tri- 
phenyl carbinol chlorid: used in the treatment of 
trypanosomiasis, as an antiseptic dressing for 
wounds, and as a selective antiseptic in bacteri- 
ology. Paris g. See Paris green. 
Greene's sign (grenz) [Charles Lyman Greene, 
contemporary American physician]. See under 
sign. 
greenheartin (gren'har-tin). A yellow pigment, 
CsoHzsOs, from the wood of the greenheart, Nec- 
tan'dra rodice'i, a tree of South America. 
Greenhow's disease (gren'howz) [Edward Head- 
lane Greenhow, English physician, 1814-1888]. See 
disease. 
green-stain (gren'stan). Deposit of fungoid ma- 
terial upon the teeth. 
green T stoff. A war gas mixture composed of 88 
per cent, of xylyl bromid and 12 per cent, of bromo- 
acetone. greffotome (gref'o-tom) [Fr. greffe graft + Gr. 
Ttuvecv to cut]. An instrument for cutting grafts 
of tissue. 
gregaloid (greg'al-oid) [L. grex flock + Gr. e'Sos 
form]. Formed by casual union of independent 
cells: said of a colony of protozoa. 
Gregarina (greg-ar-i'nah) [L.]. A genus of para- 
sitic protozoan microorganisms. No species is 
positively known to inhabit the human body, 
but it is said that they are found in some cancers 
of the human subject. 
gregarine (greg'ar-in). Pertaining to the Gregarina. 
gregarinosis (greg-ar-in-o'sis). A diseased condi- 
tion due to infestation with gregarinae. 
Gregory's powder (greg'o-rez) [James Gregory, 
Scotch physician, 1753-1822]. Pulvis rhei com- 
positus. 
gregre, grigri (gre'gre). Same as Erythrophloeum 
guineense (q. v. under Erythrophloeum). 
grenetin (gren'et-in). A white gelatin prepared 
from the skins and cartilages of young animals. 
Griesinger's sign or symptom (gre'zing-erz) 
[Wilhelm Griesinger, German neurologist, 1817- 
1868]. See under sign. 
griff ado (grif-ah'do). A person one of whose 
parents is white and the other a quadroon, and who 
thus has one-thirty-second black blood. 
griffe des orteils (gref da zor-ta') [Fr.]. Same as 
claw-foot. 
Griffith's mixture (grif'iths) [Robert Eglesfeld 
Griffith, American physician, 1798-1850]. Mis- 
tura ferri composita. 
Grindelia (grin-de'le-ah) [H. Grindel, 1776-1836]. 
A genus of American composite-flowered plants. 
The leaves and tops of G. robus'ta, of the western 
United States, are used mainly in bronchitis, 
asthma, and in various coughs.* Dose of extract, 
5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.); of fluidextract, 10-60 
min. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
grindelin (grin'del-in). A bitter, crystalline alka- 
loid from Grinde'lia robus'ta. 
grinders (grln'derz). The molar teeth. 
grinders' asthma (grln'derz). See asthma. 
grip, la grippe (grip) [Fr. grippe]. See influenza. 
gripe (grip). A severe and often spasmodic pain 
in the bowels. 
grippal (grip'al). Pertaining to grip, or influenza, 
grippotoxin (grip-o-tok'sin). The toxin of influ- 
enza. 
griserin (gri'ser-in). The sodium salt of loretin. 
Grisolle's sign (gre-zolz') [Augustin Grisolle, 
French physician, 1811-1869]. See sign. 
gristle (gris'el). See cartilage. 
Gritti's amputation (gre'tez) [Rocco Gritti, sur- 
geon in Milan, 1857-1920]. See amputation. 
Grocco's sign, triangle (grok'oz) [Pietro 
Grocco, physician in Florence, 1857-1916]. See 
under sign. 
groin (groin) [L. in'guen]. The lowest part of the 
abdominal wall, near its junction with the thigh. 
groove (groov). A shallow linear depression, es- 
pecially one in a bone, alveolingual g., the 
groove between the lower jaw and the tongue, 
anterior paramedian g., the paramesial sulcus. 
See sulcus, anterolateral g., a groove in the 
side of the medulla oblongata from which emerge 
the roots of the hypoglossal nerve. ante- 
romedian g., the anterior median fissure, 
auriculoventricular g., the groove between 
the left auricle and left ventricle of the heart, 
lodging the coronary sinus, basilar g., the de- 
pression on the upper surface of the basilar process 
of the occipital bone on which the medulla rests, 
bicipital g., the trench on the anterior surface 
of the humerus that lodges the long tendon of 
the triceps. Blessig's g., a trace in the embry- 
onic eye corresponding in position with the future 
GREFFOTOME 
476 
ora serrata. cavernous g., the depression on 
the upper surface of the sphenoid bone that 
lodges the internal carotid artery and the cav- 
ernous sinus, dental g., primitive, a groove 
in the border of the jaws of the embryo, de- 
velopmental g's, fine grooves in the enamel 
which mark the junction of the primitive lobes of a 
tooth, genital g., a furrow in the embryo on the 
rima pudendi which develops into the urethra, 
hamular g., a groove at the base of the hamular 
process through which moves the tendon of the 
tensor veli palatini muscle. Harrison's g., 
a groove on the chest, above the anterior inser- 
tion of the diaphragm, said to be caused by 
the muscular effort of breathing in dyspnea, 
interventricular g., the depression on the 
external surface of the heart, marking the course 
of the septum between the two ventricles, lac- 
rimal g., a depression in the wall of the orbit 
for the lacrimal sac. Liebermeister's g's, 
anteroposterior grooves on the surface of the liver 
due to irregular development, medullary g., a 
long, shallow groove on the dorsal line of the em- 
bryonic neural tube: it develops into the medullary 
or neural canal, mesal g., a groove on the floor 
of the fourth ventricle, mesiolingual g., a 
groove over the junction of the fifth cusp on an 
upper molar tooth, musculospiral g., a broad 
oblique groove on the posterior surface of the 
humerus for the musculospiral nerve and the supe- 
rior profunda artery. Called also sulcus radialis. 
mylohyoid g., a groove on the inner face of the 
ramus of the lower jaw for the mylohyoid artery 
and nerve. nasal g., a longitudinal furrow 
on the inner surface of the nasal bone for a branch 
of the nasal nerve, nasopalatine g., a furrow 
on the lateral surface of the vomer for the naso- 
palatine nerve, nasopharyngeal g., a faint 
line between the nasal cavities and the rhino- 
pharynx. neural g. Same as vertebral g. ol- 
factory g., a groove on the cribriform plate 
of the ethmoid bone on each side of the crista 
galli for the olfactory lobe of the cerebrum, 
optic g., a trench on the upper surface of the 
sphenoid, in front of the olivary eminence, lodging 
the optic commissure, posterior paramedian 
g. See sulcus intermedius posterior, postero- 
lateral g., a groove on the medulla oblongata 
where are situated the roots of the spinal accessory, 
vagus, and glossopharyngeal nerves, primitive 
g., a lengthwise furrow on the outer surface of the 
primitive streak, sagittal g., a groove on the 
inner surface of the skull for the superior longi- 
tudinal sinus. Sibson's g., a furrow sometimes 
seen at the lower border of the pectoralis major 
muscle, subclavian g., a furrow along the 
middle of the clavicle for the subclavius muscle, 
subcostal g., a groove on the inner surface of the 
lower edge of a rib. supplemental g's, grooves 
on the surface of a tooth which do not mark 
(as do the developmental grooves) the junction of 
the primitive lobes of the tooth, trigeminal g., 
the embryonic structure which develops into the 
gasserian ganglion. Verga's lacrimal g., a 
groove running downward from the lower orifice 
of the nasal duct, vertebral g. i. The depres- 
sion on either side of the spine. _ 2. A groove in the 
embryo formed from the primitive groove and de- 
veloping into the medullary tube. 
gross (gros) [L. gros'sus rough]. Coarse or large; 
macroscopic; taking no account of minutiae. 
Gross's disease, pill (gros'ez) [Samuel D. Gross, 
American surgeon, 1805-1884]. See under disease 
and pill. 
Grossich's method (grbs'iks) [Antonio Grossich, 
surgeon in Fiume, born 1849]. See under method. 
Grossman's sign (grbs'manz) [Max Grossman, 
American physician, born r88r]. See under sign. 
grotan (gro'tan). A proprietary disinfectant prepa- 
ration. 
ground-bundle (grownd'bun-dl). See under 
bundle. 
GROUND-BUNDLE GROUND-ITCH 
477 
GUAIACOSE 
ground-itch. See under itch. 
group. 1. An assemblage of objects having certain 
things in common. 2. A group of atoms forming 
a recognizable and usually a transferable portion of 
a molecule, colon-typhoid-dysentery g., a 
group of Gram-negative bacteria more or less re- 
sembling Bacterium typhosum. complemen- 
tophil g., the group of the amboceptor by means 
of which it is attached to the complement, cy- 
tophil g., the group of the amboceptor by means 
of which it is anchored to the sensitive cell, er- 
gophore g., toxophore g., zymophore g., 
the group in an agglutinin, precipitinin, or lysin 
which brings about the' specific action when 
properly anchored by the haptophore group, 
haptophore g. See haptophore. hemor- 
rhagic-septicemia g., a group of bacteria of 
which Pasteurella pestis is the type organism, 
hog cholera g. See paratyphoid-enteritidis g. 
paratyphoid-enteritidis g., a group of organ- 
isms which cause food poisoning in man and various 
diseases in animals, proteus g., a group of bac- 
teria of which Proteus vulgaris is the type organism. 
Q.R S.g.,that portion of the electrocardiogram 
which is represented by these letters. See electro- 
cardiogram. salmonella g. See paratyphoid- 
enteritidis g. 
group-agglutination. See agglutination. 
group diagnosis, medicine. See under diag- 
nosis and medicine. 
Grove cell (grov) [Sir William Robert Grove, Eng- 
lish physicist, i8n-i8g6J. See cell. 
Gruber's bougies, speculum (groo'berz) [Josef 
Gruber, Austrian aurist, 1827-igoo]. See bougie 
and speculum. 
Gruber's fossa (groo'berz) [Wenaslaus Leopold 
Gruber, Russian anatomist, 1814-1800]. See fossa. 
Gruber's reaction (gru'berz) [Max Gruber, bac- 
teriologist in Munich, born 1853]. See reaction. 
Gruby's disease (groo'bez) [David Gruby, Hun- 
garian physician in Paris, i8io-i8g8]. See under 
disease. 
gruel (gru'el). A thin paste or porridge made of 
oatmeal or maize meal and water. 
gruffs (grufs). The coarse part of a drug. 
grumose, grumous (gru'moz, gru'mus) [L. gru'- 
mus heap]. Clotted or lumpy. 
grutum (gru'tum) [L.]. Milium: a lump in the 
skin caused by the retention of the secretion of 
a sebaceous gland. 
Grynfelt's triangle (grin'felts) [J. G. Grynfelt, 
French surgeon, who died in 1013]. See under 
triangle. 
gryochrome (gri'o-krom) [Gr. ypv morsel + xpw/xa 
color]. Any nerve-cell in which the stainable 
matter of the cell-body appears as fine granules: 
used also adjectively. 
gryposis (gri-po'sis) [Gr. ypvTrwms]. Abnormal 
curvature. 
G. S. W. Abbreviation for gunshot wound. 
Gt., gt. An abbreviation for L. gut'ta, drop. 
Gtt., gtt. An abbreviation for L. gut'tee, drops. 
guacamphol (gwa-kam'fol). Same as guaiacam- 
phol. 
guacetin (gwas'et-in). Same as guaiacetin. 
guachamaca (gwah-shah-mah-kah') [Sp.]. The 
poisonous bark of Maloudtia nit'ida, an apocy- 
naceous tree of South America: used in hydro- 
phobia and tetanus. 
guachamacin (gwah-shah'mah-sin). A poisonous 
alkaloid from guachamaca. 
guacin (gwa'sin). A bitter, resinous principle from 
Mika'niau ga'co: stimulant, emetic, and diapho- 
retic. 
guaco (gwah'ko) [Spanish American]. A name 
given to many South American plants, and espe- 
cially to Mik'ania gua'co: useful in asthma, dys- 
pepsia, gout, rheumatism, and in skin diseases. 
Dose of aqueous extract, 3 min. (o.igg c.c.). 
guaconization (gwah-kon-i-za'shun). The effect 
produced by the free administration of guaco. 
guaethol (gwa'eth-ol). Ethyl guaiacol, OH.CJL.- 
O.C2H5, an oily liquid, soluble in alcohol, ether, 
and chloroform, but insoluble in water and gela- 
tin. It is used like guaiacol. Dose, 4-8 min. 
(0.25-0.5 c.c.). 
guaiac (gwi'ak). See Guaiacum. 
guaiacamphol (gwi-ak-am'fol). An insoluble 
white powder, the camphoric-acid ester of guaia- 
col, CgHi4(O.CO.C6H4.O.CH3)2: used in the night- 
sweats of phthisis. Dose, 3-15 gr. (o.ig-i gm.). 
guaiacene (gwi'as-en). A clear, oily liquid, C5H8O, 
derived by heat from guaiacum. 
guaiacetin (gwi-ah-se'tin). A white, odorless 
powder, C6H4.OH.OCH2COOH, or pyrocatechin 
monoacetate, soluble in water, formed by the 
action of chloracetic acid on pyrocatechin. It is 
used like guaiacol in phthisis. Dose, 7) gr. (0.5 
gm.). 
guaiaci lignum (gwah-i'as-i lig'num) [L.]. The 
wood of Guaia'cum officina'le and G. sane'turn, 
trees of tropical America; lignum vitae: altera- 
tive, expectorant, and diaphoretic. Dose of am- 
moniated tincture, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of 
ordinary tincture, 5-60 min. (0.333-4 c.c.). 
guaiacin (gwi'as-in). A resin-like principle from 
guaiacum. 
guaiacocain (gwi"ah-ko-ka'in). An anesthetic 
guaiacol and cocain mixture: used in dentistry. 
guaiacodein (gwi-ak-o'de-in). A white, crystalline 
powder, C25H39O8NS, the codein salt of guaiacol 
sulphonic acid. 
guaiacodyl (gwi-ak'o-dil). See cacodyliacol. 
guaiacol (gwi'ak-ol). The methyl-ether of pyro- 
catechin. a colorless, oily substance, OH.CJI4.O.- 
CH3, derived from beech creosote: useful in 
phthisis, and applied locally as an antiseptic. 
Dose, 2-10 min. (o.1-0.6 c.c.). g. benzoate. 
See benzosol. g. biniodid, a reddish-brown pow- 
der, OH.C6H2I2-O.CH3: used in tuberculosis. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.), g. cacodylate, a 
reddish, crystalline compound: used hypoder- 
mically in phthisis, g. camphorate, guaia- 
camphol. g. carbonate, a crystalline body, CO- 
(OCeH4-OCH3)2: serviceable in typhoid fever and 
in tuberculosis, and safer than pure guaiacol. 
Dose, 6-8 gr. (0.4-0.52 gm.), g. cinnamate, 
styracol. g. ethyl. See guaethol, g. ethyl- 
enate, an ester in needles, CH3O.CeH4O.C2H4.- 
OC6H4OCH3: used in tuberculosis. Dose, 75-15 gr. 
(0.5-1 gm.), g. methylglycholate, monotai. 
g. oleocreosote, a yellow, oily liquid: used in 
tuberculosis. Dose, 15 min. (1 c.c.). g.-phos- 
phal, guaiacol phosphite, (CH3.O.CeH4.O)3P; a 
salt in white or colorless needles: used in tuber- 
culosis. Daily dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.), g. 
phosphate, a salt in colorless tablets, (CH3.O.- 
CeH4.O)3PO: used in the hectic fever of tuber- 
culosis. Dose, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.), g. salicylate, a 
white, crystalline derivative of guaiacol and 
salicylic acid, Ce^fOHjCOO.Ce^OCHs. It is 
used as an antirheumatic and intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.), g. succinate, an 
ester of guaiacol, in fine, silky needles, C4H4O4- 
(C6H4OCH3)2. g- valerianate. See geosote. 
guaiacola (gwi-ak-o'lah). A proprietary guaiacol 
and cod-liver oil preparation. 
guaiacolate (gwi-ak'o-lat). A salt of guaiacol. 
guaiacolize (gwi'ak-ol-iz). To treat with or bring 
under the influence of guaiacol. 
guaiacophosphal (gwi"ak-o-fos'fal). Guaiacol 
phosphite: a proprietary remedy. 
guaiacose (gwi'ak-6s). A liquid somatose contain- 
ing 5 per cent, of calcium guaiacolsulphonate, used 
as an antiseptic, expectorant, tonic, and nutrient. GUAIACUM 
478 
GUM 
Guaiacum (gwi'ak-um). A genus of zygophyl- 
laceous trees, chiefly natives of South America 
and the West Indies. G. sane'turn and G. officina'le 
(lignum vitae) afford an official wood and resin, 
oil of g. 1. An empyreumatic oil obtained 
by distilling guaiacum wood. 2. Guaiacum resin, 
1 part; oil, 10 parts: used as an eye anesthetic, 
resin of g., gum guaiac, or the resin of guaiacum 
wood: alterative, stimulant, and useful in rheu- 
matism. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.). 
guaiacyl (gwi'as-il). A bluish-gray powder, guaia- 
col-sulphonic acid: a local anesthetic; used sub- 
cutaneously. g. calcium, calcium ortho-gua- 
iacol-sulphonate, [CHaO.CfJVOFOSOabCa, a 
blue-gray powder: employed as a local anesthetic. 
guaiadol (gwi'ad-ol). Paraiodoguaiacol: used in 
pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous sarcoma. 
Dose, 1 gr. (0.6 gm.). 
guaiaform (gwi'af-orm). A brownish-yellow anti- 
septic powder, methplene diguaiacol, CH^CeHa- 
(OH).OCHs)2, a combination of guaiacol and for- 
maldehyd. 
guaiakinol (gwi'ak-in-ol). Guaiacolate of quinin. 
guaialin (gwi'al-in). A greenish powder, methyl- 
diguaiacol-benzoic ester. It is diuretic, antipyretic, 
and antiseptic. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.65-1.3 gm.). 
guaiamar (gwi'am-ar). A white, crystalline pow- 
der, guaiacol glyceryl ester, CH3O.C6H4.O.C3H7O2, 
formed by treating guaiacol with anhydrous glyc- 
erin. An intestinal and genito-urinary antiseptic, 
useful in tuberculosis, and used as an ointment in 
rheumatism. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.). 
guaiaperol (gwi-ap'er-ol). Piperidin guaiacolate, 
a crystalline agent, used in tuberculosis. Dose, 
4-20 gr. (0.26-1,333 gm-). 
guaiaquin (gwi'ah-kwin). Guaiacol bisulphonate 
of quinin, C6H302.CH3.HS03.C2oH24N202, a yel- 
low, crystalline powder, combining the antiseptic 
powers of guaiacol with the antiperiodic action 
of quinin. It is used as an intestinal antiseptic. 
Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.333 gm.). 
guaiaquinol (gwi'ak-in-ol). Quinin dibromguaiac- 
olate. 
guaiarsin (gwi'ar-sin). A proprietary preparation, 
said to be cacodylate of guaiacol: usedin influenza 
and tuberculosis. Dose, 1 gr. (0.065 gm.). 
guaiasanol (gwi-ah-sa'nol). The hydrochlorid of 
diethyl-glycocoll-guaiacol, CH3O.C6H4.O.CO.CH2.- 
N(C2H5)2.HC1, a non-toxic antiseptic and anes- 
thetic agent. It is used in diseases of the eye in 
2-5 per cent, solution, and is employed in diseases 
of the lungs and for the destruction of Oxyuris 
vermicularis. Dose, 45 gr. (3 gm.). 
guaiasotol (gwi-as'o-tol). A proprietary syrup of 
guaiacol. 
guaiodol (gwi'od-ol). A preparation of iodin, 
bismuth, and guaiacol: antiseptic, styptic, and 
astringent. 
guanase (gwan'as). An enzyme found in the 
thymus, adrenals, and pancreas, and converting 
guanin into xanthin. 
guanidin (gwahn'id-in). A poisonous base, the 
amidin of amino carbamic acid, NH:C.(NH2)2. 
guanin (gwahn'in). A decomposition-product of 
nuclein amino-oxypurin, C5H5N5O, found in 
guano and in various animal tissues; not con- 
sidered poisonous. It occurs as a deposit in the 
tissues of swine affected with a kind of gout. 
guano (gwah'no). The excrement of sea-fowl: 
used externally in skin diseases. 
guanosin (gwan'o-sin). A nucleosid from guanylic 
acid. It is composed of guanin and a pentose. 
guanylic acid (gwan-il'ik). See acid. 
guarana (gwah-rah'nah) [Tupi-Guarani]. A dried 
paste prepared from the seeds of Paullin'ia sor'- 
bilis, a tree of Brazil: a nerve stimulant, useful 
in headache. Dose, 1-2 dr. (4-8 gm.); of fluid- 
extract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
guaranin (gwah-rah'nin). An alkaloid, C8Hi0- 
N4O2, from guarana, nearly identical with caffein. 
Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.199 gm.). 
Guarnieri's bodies or corpuscles (gwar-ne-er'- 
ez) [Giuseppi Guarnieri, Italian physician, 1856- 
1918]. See under body. 
guathol (gwath'ol). A proprietary disinfectant: 
pyrocatechin ethyl ether. 
guavacin (gwav'as-in). An anthelmintic, C6H9- 
NO2, from the areca-nut, in colorless crystals. 
gubernacular (gu-ber-nak'u-lar). Pertaining to 
a gubernaculum. 
gubernaculum (gu-ber-nak'u-lum) [L. "helm"]. 
Something which guides, g. den'tis, a band of 
connective tissue connecting the dental sac of the 
embryo with the gum. Hunter's g. Same as g. 
testis, g. tes'tis, the fetal cord attached to the 
lower end of the epididymis and to the bottom of 
the scrotum that governs the descent of the 
testis. 
Gubler's icterus, line, paralysis, tumor, 
etc. (goob'lerz) [Adolphe Gubler, French physician, 
1821-1870]. See icterus, line, paralysis, tumor, etc. 
Gudden's commissure, ganglion, etc. [Bem- 
hardus von Gudden, German neurologist, 1824- 
1886]. See commissure, ganglion, etc. 
Gueneau de Mussy's point (ga-no' de mis-az') 
[Noel Francois Odon Gueneau de Mussy, French 
physician, 1813-1885]. See de Mussy's point, under 
point. 
Guenz. See Ganz. 
Guenzburg. See Gunzburg. 
GuSrin's fold, glands, sinus, etc. (ga-raz') 
[Alphonse Guerin, French surgeon, 1816-1895]. 
See fold, gland, sinus, etc. 
guha (gu'hah). A sort of bronchial asthma, epi- 
demic in the island of Guam. 
guide (gid). 1. A grooved sound. 2. A filiform 
bougie over which a tunneled sound is passed, as 
in stricture of the urethra. 
guillotine (gil'o-ten) [Fr.]. An instrument for 
cutting off a tonsil or uvula. 
guinea-worm (gi'ne-). See Filaria. 
Guinon's disease (ge-nawz') [Georges Guinon, 
French physician, born 1859]. See disease. 
guipsine (gip'sin). A proprietary preparation from 
mistletoe: used for lowering arterial tension in 
arteriosclerosis. 
gujasanol (gu-jas'an-ol). Diethylglycocollguaiacol 
hydrochlorid: anesthetic and antiseptic. Dose, 
30 gr. (2 gm.); locally in 0.1-2 per cent, solution. 
gulf, Lecat's (gulf). The hollow of the bulbous 
portion of the urethra. 
gulhai (gul'hi). An endemic cattle plague of Sahel, 
one of the Italian possessions in the Red Sea. 
Gull's disease (gulz) [Sir William Withey Gull, 
English physician, 1816-1890]. The idiopathic 
form of myxedema. 
gullet (gul'et). The esophagus; also the pharynx, 
gulose (gu'los). A hexose isomeric with dextrose, 
gum (gum) [L. gum'mi]. 1. A mucilaginous ex- 
cretion from various plants. 2. See gingiva. 
acaroid g., a resin derived from Xanthorrhoe1a 
has'tilis and X. arbo'rea, tall liliaceous plants 
growing in Australia (named from Aca'rois, a 
former generic name), animal g., a carbohy- 
drate occurring in urine and milk, and obtained 
by the action of superheated steam upon mucous 
and salivary glands, g. arabic. See Acacia. 
Australian g. See wattle g. Bassora g., a 
gum resembling gum arabic, from Persia, g. 
benjamin, benzoin. blackboy g. Same 
as acaroid g. blue g. See Eucalyptus. Bot- 
any Bay g., acaroid gum (q. v.). British g. 
See dextrin. cape g., a gum from Acacia 
horrida. chagual g., a gum like gum arabic, 
derived from Pu'ya lanugino'sa, a tree of Chili. GUMANIN 
479 
GYN/ECOPHORUS 
cherry-g., a gum that exudes from cherry and 
plum trees, doctor g. Same as hog g. euca- 
lyptus g. See red g. g. guaiacum, the resin 
of guaiacum. hog g., a gum from Rhus meto'pium 
of South America. Kordofan g., the best 
variety of gum arabic, from Kordofan and ad- 
jacent region, mesquite g., a gum from Proso'pis 
juliflor'a, of Texas. Orenburg g., an edible, 
sweetish, gummy, and somewhat resinous sub- 
stance collected in Russia from larch trees after 
forest fires: it is soluble in water, red g., an 
exudation from the bark of Eucalyp'tus rostra'ta: 
used as an astringent and in throat affections, g. 
Senegal, a gum of several varieties from West 
Africa; closely resembles gum arabic. succory g., 
a narcotic, resinous exudation from Chon'drilla 
jun'cea, a composite-flowered plant, g.-traga- 
canth. See tragacanth, wattle g., the gum 
of several Australian species of Aca'cia: an excellent 
substitute for true gum arabic. 
gumanin (gu'man-in). White dammar. 
gum-boil. A parulis or swelling of the gums 
caused by an abscess at the root of a tooth. 
gumma (gum'ah), pl. gum'mata [LJ. A soft, 
gummy tumor occurring in tertiary syphilis, and 
made up of tissue resembling granulation tissue. 
Gummata form firm nodules, which grow slowly 
and finally disappear, tuberculous g., an in- 
fectious granuloma of tuberculous origin. 
gummate (gum'at). An arabate: 
gummatous (gum'at-us). Of the nature of gumma, 
gummi (gum'i). Latin for gum (of plants). 
gummose (gum'os). A sugar, C6H12O8, formed 
by the action of dilute acids upon animal gum. 
gummy (gum'e). Resembling a gum or a gumma, 
gum-resin (gum-rez'in). A concrete juice exuding 
from various trees. The gum-resins consist of 
a principle soluble in water and insoluble in 
alcohol, combined with a volatile oil or resin 
soluble in alcohol, but not in water, and include 
ammoniac, asafetida, euphorbium, galbanum, gam- 
boge, myrrh, olibanum, and scammony. 
gums (gumz). See gingiva. 
gun-cotton (gun-kot'n). Same as pyroxylin. 
Gunz's ligament (gints) [Justus Gottfried Gunz, 
German anatomist, 1714-1789]. See ligament 
Gunzburg's reagent, test (gints'boorgz) [Alfred 
Gunzburg, German physician of the nineteenth cen- 
tury]. See reagent and test. 
gurgulio (gur-gu'le-o) [L.]. The uvula. 
gurjun (goor'jun). Gurjun balsam; an oleoresin 
from Dipterocar'pus la'vis, a tree of southern 
Asia. It is used as an expectorant, for gonor- 
rhea, and for leprosy. Dose, 10-50 min. (0.666- 
3-333 c.c.). 
guru (goo'roo). Same as kola. 
Gussenbauer's clamp, operation, suture 
(goos'en-bow-erz) [Carl Gussenbauer, German sur- 
geon, born 1842]. See clamp, operation, suture. 
gustation (gus-ta'shun) [L. gusta'tio, from gusta're 
to taste]. The sense of taste. 
gustatory (gus'tat-o-re) [L. gustato'rius], Per- 
taining to the sense of taste. 
gustometry (gus-tom'et-re) [L. gusta're to taste + 
Gr. per poo measure]. The measurement of the 
acuity of the sense of taste. 
gut (gut). 1. The intestine or bowel. 2. Catgut, 
fore-g., head-g., an embryonic organ whence 
are derived the. pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and 
duodenum, hind-g., the lower part of the em- 
bryonic alimentary tract which develops into the 
colon, mid-g., themesogaster. tail-g., a pro- 
longation of the archenteron into the tail of 
the early embryo. 
Guthrie's muscle (guth'rez) [George James Guth- 
rie, English surgeon, 1785-1856]. The compressor 
urethrae muscle. 
gutta (gut'ah), pl. gut'tee [L. for " drop "]. A 
minute spheric mass of liquid: assumed to be 
equal to a minim (?. v.). g.-percha, the con- 
crete juice of Isonan'dra gut'la, a tree of Sumatra, 
much used in surgery, etc. g. rosa'cea. Same 
as acne rosacea, g. sere'na, amaurosis. 
Guttat. Abbreviation for guttatim. 
guttate (gut'at). Characterized by lesions that 
are drop-shaped. 
guttatim (gut-a'tim) [LJ. Drop by drop. 
gut-tie (gut-ti). i. A twisting of the intestine of 
animals, causing colicky pains. 2. A condition ini 
cattle in which a loop of intestine passes through 
a tear in the peritoneum and is held there, producing 
obstruction of the bowels. 
Guttmann's sign (goot'mahnz) [Paul Guttmann, 
Berlin physician, 1834-1893], See under sign. 
Gutt. quibusd. Abbreviation for L. gut'tis quibus'- 
dam, with a few drops. 
guttur (gut'ur). Latin for throat. 
guttural (gut'u-ral). Pertaining to the throat. 
gutturotetany (gut"u-ro-tet'an-e) [guttur + tet- 
any]. A guttural spasm, resulting in a kind of 
stutter. 
guvacin (gu'vas-in). An alkaloid from the areca- 
nut; teniacidal. 
Guy de Chauliac. See Chauliac. 
Guy's pill (giz) [William Augustus Guy, English 
physician, 1819-1900]. See pill. 
Guyon's amputation, isthmus, sign (ge-yonz') 
[Felix Jean Casimir Guyon, surgeon in Paris, 1831- 
1920]. See amputation, isthmus, and sign. 
Gwathmey's oil-ether anesthesia (gwath'mez)' 
[James T. Gwathmey, contemporary New York 
surgeon]. See under anesthesia. 
gymnastics (jim-nas'tiks) [Gr. yvpvwrucbs per- 
taining to nakedness]. Systematic muscular exer- 
cise. ocular g., systematic exercise of the eye 
muscles in order to secure proper movement, ac- 
commodation, or fixation. Swedish g., a sys- 
tem of movements made by the patient against 
resistance on the part of the attendant, vocal 
g., methodic exercise of the voice for the pur- 
pose of increasing the lung expansion. 
Gymnema (jim-ne'mah). A genus of trees. The 
leaves of G. sylves'tre, of Africa, are used to disguise 
the taste of unpleasant medicines. 
gymnemic acid (jim-nem'ik). See acid. 
Gymnoascese (jim-no-as'e-e). A family of the asco- 
mycetous fungi in which the reproductive organs- 
are in the form of naked asci. 
gymnobacteria (jim"no-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. yvpvbr 
naked + bacteria], Non-flagellate bacteria. 
gymnocarpous (jim-no-kar'pus) [Gr. yvpvos 
naked + Kaperos fruit]. Having the hymenium' 
exposed during spore formation: said of certain 
fungi. 
gymnocyte (jim'no-sit) [Gr. yvpvos naked + kvtos 
cell]. A cell with no cell-wall. 
gymnophobia (jim-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. yvpoos 
naked + tpbfios fear]. Insane dread of the sight 
of the naked body. 
gymnoplast (jim'no-plast) [Gr. yvpvbs naked 4- 
irXaffTos formed]. A mass of protoplasm without 
an inclosing wall. 
gymnosperm (jim'no-sperm) [Gr. yvpvbs naked 
+ crireppa seed]. A plant in which the seeds are 
not inclosed in an ovary. 
gymnospore (jim'no-spor). A spore without any 
protective envelope. 
gymnosporidia (jim"no-spo-rid'e-ah) [Gr. yvpubs 
naked + sporidium]. A group of animal micro- 
organisms, examples of which have been found 
in human blood. 
gynaecology (jin-e-kol'o-je). See gynecology. 
gynaecophorus (jin-e-kof'o-rus). Same as Bil- 
harzia. GYNANDRISM 
480 
GYRUS 
gynandrism (jin-an'drizm) [Gr. ywf) woman + 
a.vi)p man]. Hermaphroditism in the male. 
gynandroid (ji-nan'droid) [Gr. 71/1/17 woman + 
&vr)p man], A hermaphrodite woman resembling 
a man. 
gynandromorphism (jin-an-dro-mor'fizm) [Gr. 
7W17 female + avfjp male + pop<pr) form]. The 
quality of having both male and female char- 
acters. 
gynandromorphous (jin-an-dro-mor'fus). Hav- 
ing both male and female qualities. 
gynatresia (jin-ah-tre'ze-ah) [Gr. 7^17 woman + 
a priv. 4- rpfpjis perforation]. An imperforate 
condition of the vagina. 
gynecic (jin-e'sik). Pertaining to women. 
gynecium, gynoecium (jin-e'se-um) [Gr. 7W17 
woman + 01 nos house]. The female part of a 
flower. 
gynecoiatry (jin-e-ko-i'at-re). Gyniatrics. 
gynecologic, gynecological (jin-e-ko-lo'jik, jin- 
e-ko-loj'ik-al). Pertaining to gynecology. 
gynecologist (jin-e-kol'o-jist). A person skilled 
in gynecology. 
gynecology (jin-e-kol'o-je) [Gr. 701/17 woman + 
Xbyos discourse]. That branch of medicine which 
treats of women's constitution and diseases, espe- 
cially of the genital, urinary, and rectal diseases 
occurring in women. 
gynecomania (jin-e-ko-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. ywf) woman 
+ pavia madness]. Satyriasis. 
gynecomastia (jin"e-ko-mas'te-ah) [Gr. ywf) 
woman + paarbs breast]. Excessive size of the 
male mammary glands. 
gynecomastism (jin-ek-o-mas'tizm). Gynecomas- 
tia. 
gynecomasty (jin'e-ko-mas-te). Gynecomastia. 
gynecomazia (jin-e-ko-ma'ze-ah). Same as gyn- 
ecomastia. 
gynecopathy (jin-e-kop'ath-e) [Gr. ywf) woman 
+ it ados disease]. A disease peculiar to women. 
gynephobia (jin-e-fo'be-ah) [Gr. ywf) woman + 
<po0os fear]. Dread of or morbid aversion to the 
society of women. 
gynergen (jin'er-jen). A proprietary liquid prepara- 
tion of ergotamin tartrate. 
gynesin (jin'es-in). A nitrogenous compound found 
in small amounts in female urine, C19H23N3O3. 
gyniatrics (jin-e-at'riks) [Gr. ywf) woman + 
iarpiKos medical]. Treatment of diseases of 
women. 
gyniatry (jin-e-at're). Gyniatrics. 
gynocardate (jin-o-kar'dat). A salt of gynocardic 
acid. 
gynocardia (jin-o-kar'de-ah). See chaulmoogra. 
gynocardin (jin-o-kar'din). A cyanophoric glu- 
cosid from Gynocardia odorala. It yields glucose, 
prussic acid, and an unknown substance, CeHsO^ 
on hydrolysis. 
gynocyanauridzarin (jin"o-si"an-aw-rid'za-rin). 
A crystalline remedy, (C9H21O7)2KCNOAu3, it 
being a principle from Gynocar'dia lancifolia'ta 
combined with gold cyanid: given in minute 
doses for tuberculosis and leprosy. 
gynoplastics (jin-o-plas'tiks) [Gr. ywf) woman 4- 
irXaarbs formed]. The plastic surgery of the fe- 
male reproductive organs. 
gynosin (ji'no-sin) [Gr. ywf) woman]. A propri- 
etary remedy for disease of the female reproduc- 
tive organs. 
gynoval (jin'o-val). Isoborneol isovalerate, (CHsh-- 
CH.CH2.COO.C10H17: used in functional neuroses. 
Dose, 7 gr. (0.5 gm.) three times a day. 
gypsum (jip'sum) [L.; Gr. yvfos}. Calcium sul- 
phate: when calcined, it becomes plaster-of-Paris, 
much used in making permanent dressings for 
fractures. 
gyraldose (ji-ral'dos). A proprietary antiseptic for 
local gynecologic use. 
gyrate (ji'rat) [L. gyra'tus turned round]. Twisted 
in a ring or spiral shape. 
gyration (ji-ra'shun). Revolution in a circle or in 
circles. 
gyre (jir) [L. g^rus; Gr. yvpos circle]. See gyrus. 
dentate g. See convolution, dentate. 
gyrencephalic (ji-ren-sef-al'ik) [Gr. yvpos gyrus 
+ eyKtipaXov brain]. Having a brain marked by 
convolutions. Cf. lissencephalic. 
gyri (ji'ri) [L.]. Plural of gyrus, g. breves 
insulae. Same as preinsular gyrus, g. oper ti, 
the convolutions of the island of Reil. 
gyrochrome (ji'ro-krom) [Gr. yvpos turn + xpupa 
color]. A nerve-cell in which the Nissl bodies have 
a ring-like arrangement in the cytoplasm. Cf. 
arkyochrome, perichrome, and stichochrome. 
gyroma (ji-ro'mah) [Gr. yvpos turn]. A form of 
tumor of the ovary, consisting of a convoluted, 
highly refracting mass. 
gyromele (ji'ro-mel). A flexible catheter tipped 
with sponge: also a stomach-tube with a rotating 
center, used in treating the stomach. 
gyrosa (ji-ro'sah) [L.]. Gastric vertigo in which 
everything seems to turn round. 
gyrose (ji'ros). Marked by curved lines or circles, 
gyrospasm (ji'ro-spazm) [Gr. yvpos circle + spasm]. 
Rotatory spasm of the head. 
gyro trope (ji'ro-trop). Same as rheotrope. 
gyrous (ji'rus). Gyrose. 
gyrus (ji'rus), pl. gy'ri [L.; Gr. 7upos]. i. A con- 
volution of the brain. 2. A structure which 
winds round the brain-stem and central parts of 
the cerebral hemisphere, angular g., a cerebral 
convolution continuous anteriorly with the supra- 
marginal gyrus, annectent g., any one of 
the four gyri which connect the occipital and 
parietotemporal lobes. Broca's g., the inferior 
frontal gyrus, g. callo'sus, the callosal convo- 
lution. g. centra'lis, central convolution, g. 
cin'guli [B N A], the callosal convolution, den- 
tate g., an imperfect convolution within the den- 
tate fissure. g. descen'dens, Ecker's 
g., the aftermost of the occipital convolutions 
of the cerebrum, g. fornica'tus [B N A], the 
marginal portion of the cerebral cortex on the 
medial aspect of the hemisphere, including the gy- 
rus cinguli, gyrus hippocampi, and others. Called 
also limbic lobe, frontal g., ascending, a part 
of the frontal lobe, bounded in front by the pre- 
central fissure, and dorsally by the fissure of Ro- 
lando. frontal g., inferior, the lower and outer 
portion of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum, fron- 
tal g., middle, a convolution between the super- 
frontal and subfrontal fissures, frontal f., su- 
perior, a gyrus of the frontal lobe above the 
superfrontal fissure, fusiform g., subcollat- 
eral g., a gyrus connecting the temporal and 
occipital lobes, and situated under the collateral 
and over the subtemporal fissure, g. genic'uli, 
a vestigial gyrus at the anterior end of the cor- 
pus callosum. Heschl's g., the transverse tem- 
poral convolution, hippocampal g., a convolu- 
tion between the hippocampal and collateral fis- 
sures. infracalcarine g., the lingual lobule on 
the under surfape of the temporal lobe. g. lim'- 
bicus. Same as indusium griseum. lingual g., 
the median occipitotemporal convolution of the 
brain, g. lon'gus in'sulae [B N A], a long gyrus 
forming the postinsula, marginal g., a convolu- 
tion of the frontal lobe bordering on the calloso- 
marginal fissure, occipital g., any of the three 
(superior, middle, and inferior) gyri of the occipital 
lobe, occipitotemporal g. Same as fusiform 
g. orbital g., the orbital convolution, para- 
central g., one on the mesial surface of a cerebral 
hemisphere, having the paracentral fissure in front 
and the precuneus behind. parietal g., 
either one of the gyri (ascending and inferior) H. 
481 
HXEMOSPORIDIA 
of the parietal lobe, parietal g., ascend- 
ing, a gyrus having the fissure of Rolando in 
front, the intraparietal behind, and the fissure 
of Sylvius below, paroccipital g., the first, or 
superior occipital, gyrus of the cerebrum, pre- 
insular g., a number of radiating gyri forming the 
preinsula, g. profun'di cer'ebri, the deep 
cerebral convolutions, quadrate g., an upward 
extension of the gyrus fornicatus on the median 
surface of the parietal lobe. g. rec'tus [B N A], a 
cerebral convolution on the orbital aspect of the 
frontal, between the olfactory fissure and the 
mesial margin. Retzius' g., sagittal g., 
a large convolution of the brain running parallel 
with the sagittal suture of the skull, g. subcal- 
lo'sus [B N A], the subcallosal convolution, g. 
supracallo'sus, the supracallosal convolution, 
supramarginal g., that part of the inferior 
parietal convolution which curves around the 
upper end of the sylvian fissure, temporal g., 
any gyrus of the temporal lobe. g. transiti'vus 
[B N A]. Same as annectent g. uncinate g., the 
forward continuation of the hippocampal gyrus: 
its anterior end is hook shaped. 
H 
H. The symbol for hydrogen; also an abbreviation 
for haustus (a draft), horizontal, L. ho'ra, hour, hy- 
permetropia, and Holzknecht unit. See unit. 
H +. The symbol for hydrogen ion. 
Haab's reflex (hahbz) [O. Haab, professor of 
ophthalmology in Zurich, born 1850]. See under 
reflex. 
habena (hab-e'nah), pl. habe'na [L. " rein "]. The 
peduncle of the pineal gland. 
habenal, habenar (hab-e'nal, hab-e'nar). Per- 
taining to the habena, especially to the pedicle of 
the pineal body. 
habenula (hab-en'u-lah), pl. haben'ula [L.]. 1. 
Any frenum or rein-like structure. 2. Any one 
of a set of such structures in the cochlea. 3. [B N A] 
The peduncle of the pineal body. 4. The ganglion 
habenula, h. arcua'ta, the inner portion of 
the basilar membrane of the cochlea, fl. cona'- 
rii, the peduncle of the pineal body. Haller's 
h., the remains of the processus vaginalis of 
the peritoneum, h. pectina'ta, the outer 
portion of the basilar membrane of the coch- 
lea. h. perfora'ta. Same as foramen nervosum. 
h. urethra'lis, either of two whitish lines extend- 
ing from the urinary meatus to the clitoris in girls 
and young women. 
habit (hab'it) [L. hab'itus, from habe're to hold]. 
1. A fixed or constant practice established by 
frequent repetition. 2. Predisposition or bodily 
temperament, apoplectic h. Same as full h. 
endothelioid h., a condition in which the nu- 
cleus of a cell is relatively small as compared with the 
cytoplasm, full h., a plethoric condition marked 
by engorgement of the visible blood-vessels, flushed 
face, and a tendency to fatness, glaucomatous 
h., shallowness of the anterior chamber of the 
eye with dilated pupil: seen in persons who have a 
predisposition to glaucoma, leukocytoid h. 
Same as endothelioid h. h.-spasm. See spasm. 
vibratory h., a nervous disease due to bicycle- 
riding. 
habitat (hab'it-at). The natural abode or home of 
an animal or plant species. 
habitus (hab'it-us). Latin for habit, h. apo- 
plec'ticus. See full habit, under habit, h. en- 
terop'ticus, the bodily conformation seen in 
enteroptosis, marked by a long narrow abdomen, 
h. phthis'icus, a bodily habit predisposing to 
pulmonary tuberculosis, marked by pallor, emacia- 
tion, poor muscular development, and small bones. 
habromania (hab-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. aflpbs grace- 
ful 4- pavia madness]. Amenomania: insanity 
with marked gaiety or cheerfulness. 
Habronema (hab-ro-ne'mah). A genus of nematode 
worms parasitic in the stomach of horses. The 
larval forms are taken up from the feces of horses 
by flies and transmitted to the skin of horses when 
they produce a dermatitis and a form of granuloma, 
causing dermatitis in horses and other animals. 
habronemiasis (hab-ro-ne-mi'as-is). Infection 
with Habronema, causing summer dermatitis 
(esponja) and granuloma in Brazilian horses. 
habronemic (hab-ro-ne'mik). Caused by Habro- 
nema. 
hachement (ahsh-maw') [Fr.]. A chopping or 
hacking stroke in massage. 
hacking (hak'ing). Same as hachement. 
hadernkrankheit (hahd'ern-krank-hlt) [Ger.]. A 
disease affecting rag-pickers, variously regarded as 
anthrax or malignant edema. 
hae-. For words beginning thus, see those begin- 
ning he-. 
Haeckel's law (hek'elz) [Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, 
German naturalist, 1834-1919]. See under law. 
Haemadip'sa ceylon'ica. A leech common in 
Ceylon and annoying to man and animals. Its 
bite is painful. H. japon'ica, a species found in 
Japan. 
Haemamoeba (hem-am-e'bah). See Hamo sporidia. 
Haemapium (hem-a'pe-um). A genus of plasmo- 
cytes. H. ried'yi occurs in the erythrocytes of 
certain salamanders. 
haemato-. For words beginning thus, see those 
beginning hemato-. 
Haematoxylon (hem-at-ok'sil-on) [Gr. at^ia blood 
+ ^v\ov wood], A genus of leguminous trees. 
The heart-wood of H. campechia'num, or log- 
wood, contains tannin and is astringent. Dose 
of extract, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.). 
haemo-. For words beginning thus, see those be- 
ginning hemo-. 
haemoferrum (he-mo-fer'um) [Gr. alpa blood + 
L. fer'rum iron]. A proprietary name for a remedy, 
said to be pure oxyhemoglobin, from bullock's 
blood. 
Haemoflagellates (he-mo-flaj'el-ats). Those flagel- 
late protozoa which are parasitic in the blood of 
vertebrate animals. 
Haemogregarinae (hem"o-greg-ar-i'ne). See Ha- 
mo sporidia. 
Haemon'chus contor'tus. See wireworm. 
haemorrhagia (hem-o-ra'je-ah) [L.]. Hemorrhage, 
h. per rex'in, hemorrhage from rupture of a 
blood-vessel. 
Haemosporidia (hem-o-spo-rid'e-ah). A group of 
sporozoa which live parasitically in the red blood- 
corpuscles of vertebrate animals. The Haemo- 
sporidia are divided into the Haemamcebae and the 
Haemogregarinae. The Haemamoebae include the 
Plasmodium malaria, the Proteosoma pracox of 
birds, the Plasmodium kochi of apes, the hal- 
teridium of birds, the piroplasma of Texas cattle 
fever, and that of dogs and horses. The Hamo- 
gregarina include parasites of cold-blooded animals 
and mammals, such as Lankestrella (Drepanidium) 
ranarum of frogs, the parasite of water tortoise, 
the karyolysus of lizards, the leukocytozobn in 
dogs, the H. gerbilli of an Indian rat, and H. 
jaculi of the jerbou. H/EMOSPORI DI U M 
482 
HALZOUN 
hsemosporidium (hem-o-spo-rid'e-um), pl. hamo- 
sporidia. Same as plasmodium. 
haemotrophin (hem-ot'ro-fin). A proprietary liq- 
uid preparation of hemoglobin. 
Haen's pills (hah'enz) [Anton de Haen, Dutch 
physician in Vienna, 1811-1884]. See under pill. 
Haffkine's serum (haf'kinz) [Waldemar Mordecai 
Wolff Haffkine, a Russian-English bacteriologist 
in India, born i860]. See under serum. 
haffkinize (haf'kin-iz). To immunize with Haff- 
kine's serum. 
hafnium (haf'ne-um) [L. Haf'nice, Copenhagen]. A 
supposed new element of atomic number 72. A 
homologue of zirconium, discovered in 1922 by 
Coster and Havery of Copenhagen in extracts of 
zirconium minerals. 
Hagedorn needle (hahg'ed-orn) [Werner Hage- 
dorn, German surgeon, 1831-1894]. See needle. 
hageen (hag-en'). A superfatted soap containing 
33-33 Per cent, mercury: used by inunction in 
syphilis. 
hagiotherapy (ha-je-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. ayios sacred 
+ Gepairela treatment]. Miraculous healing by a 
holy man. 
Hagner's operation (hag'nerz) [Francis R. Hag- 
ner, American surgeon, born 1873]. See operation. 
hahnemannian (hah-ne-man'e-an). Pertaining 
to Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (1755- 
1843), founder of homeopathy. 
hahnemannism (hah'ne-man-izm). Homeop- 
athy. 
Haidinger's brushes (hi'ding-erz) [Wilhelm von 
Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist, 1795-1871]. Two 
conic, brush-like images, with apices touching, seen 
on looking through a Nicol prism. 
Haines' formula, reagent, test (hanz') [Walter 
Stanley Haines, Chicago chemist, 1850-1923]. See 
under formula and test. 
hair (hare) [L. capil'lus]. A filamentous outgrowth 
of the body, consisting of modified epidermic 
tissue: also the aggregate of small filaments, es- 
pecially that of the scalp. A hair consists of a 
cylindric shaft and a root, which is contained in a 
flask-like depression {hair-follicle') in the corium 
and subcutaneous tissue. The base of the root is 
expanded into the hair-bulb, which rests upon the 
hair-papilla, auditory h's, hair-like attach- 
ments of the specialized epithelial cells of the cristae 
acusticae and the maculae acusticae. h.-ball, a 
concretion in the stomach composed of hair, vege- 
table fiber, etc., matted together. Called also 
hair-cast, hair-mass, trichobezoar, phytotrichobezoar, 
and tumeur pileuse. beaded h., hair marked 
with alternate swellings and constrictions, h.- 
bulb. See under hair, h.-cell. See cell, h.- 
folliele. See follicle. Frey's h's, stiff hairs 
mounted in a handle: used for testing the sen- 
sitiveness of the pressure points of the skin, 
moniliform h., monilethrix, h.-papilla. See 
under hair, ringed h., a condition in which each 
hair has a ringed appearance, due to patches of 
white, sensory h's, ciliaform bristles attached 
to the apex of a taste-bulb, stellate h., a hair 
split at the end in a star-like form, tactile h's, 
hairs with sensibility of touch. 
halakone (hal'ak-6n). A small conic plug of 
stiffened gauze used for introducing medicaments 
into the nostril. 
halazone (hal'az-on). A compound, Cl2N.O2S.CeH4- 
COOH, or p-sulphondichloramidobenzoic acid: 
used in the disinfection of water in the proportion 
of 1 to 300,000. 
Hales' piezometer (halz) [Stephen Hales, English 
physiologist, 1677-1761]. See piezometer. 
half-life period. See under period. 
half-retinal (hahf-ret'in-al). Affecting one-half 
of the retina. 
halid, halide (hal'id). Same as haloid. 
hali-ichthyo toxin (hal"i-ik-the-o-tok'sin). A 
poisonous base of bacterial origin from stale 
fish. 
halisteresis (hal"is-ter-e'sis) [Gr. aXs salt + arep??- 
ais privation]. Osteomalacia; a loss or lack of 
the lime-salts of bone. h. ce'rea, waxy softening 
of the bones. 
halisteretic (hal"is-ter-et'ik). Affected with or of 
the nature of halisteresis. 
halitosis (hal-it-o'sis) [L. hal'itus exhalation]. 
Offensive breath; bad breath. 
halituous (hal-it'u-us) [L. hal'itus breath]. Cov- 
ered with moisture or vapor. 
halitus (hal'it-us) [L ]. An exhalation or vapor; ao 
expired breath. 
Hall's disease (hawlz). See disease. 
Halle's point (al-az') [Adrien Joseph Marie Noel 
Halit, French physician, born 1859]. See under 
point. 
Haller's ansa, arch, circle, fretum, line, etc. 
(hal'erz) [Albrecht von Haller, Swiss physiologist, 
1708-1777]. See the nouns. 
hallex (hal'eks) [pl. hal'lices}. Same as hallus. 
Hallion's law, test (al-yawz') [L. Hallion, French 
physiologist]. See law and tests. 
Hallopeau's disease (al-op-6z') [Henri Hallopeau, 
French dermatologist, 1842-1919]. Pustular der- 
matitis. 
hallucal (hal'u-kal). Pertaining to the hallux or 
great toe. 
hallucination (hal-u-sin-a'shun) [L. hallucina'- 
tio\. 1. Mental error or morbid delusion. 2. 
A sense-perception not founded on an objective 
reality. Compare delusion and illusion, de- 
pressive h., a condition of acute depression with 
hallucinations, haptic h., hallucination of the 
sense of touch, stump-h., the sensation of the 
existence of a limb or part of a limb after its am- 
putation. 
hallucinosis (hal-u-sin-o'sis). The condition of 
being possessed by hallucinations. 
hallus, hallux (hal'us, hal'uks) [L.]. The great 
toe. h. doloro'sa, h. rig'idus, a painful dis- 
ease of the great toe, usually associated with flat- 
foot. h. flex'us, hammer-toe. h. val'gus, dis- 
placement of the great toe toward the other toes, 
h. va'rus, displacement of the great toe away 
from the other toes. 
halmatogenesis (hal"mat-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. aX/xa a 
jump + 7ereats production], A sudden alteration 
of type from one generation to another. Called 
also saltatory variation. 
halo (ha'lo) [L.; Gr. aXws]. 1. A circle, especially 
a colored circle seen around a light in glaucoma. 
2. A ring seen around the macula lutea in an 
ophthalmoscopic image. 3. The imprint of the 
ciliary processes upon the vitreous body. h. 
glaucomato'sus, a whitish ring around the optic 
disk in glaucoma. 
halogen (hal'o-jen) [Gr. aXs salt + yevvav to pro- 
duce], Any element capable of forming a haloid 
salt: the halogens are chlorin, bromin, iodin, and 
fluorin. h.-protein. See under protein. 
haloid (hal'oid) [Gr. aXs salt 4- eI6os form]. Re- 
sembling sodium chlorid, or common salt. 
halosteresis (hal-os-ter-e'sis). Halisteresis. 
Halsted's operation (hal'stedz) [William Stewart 
Halsted, Baltimore surgeon, 1852-1922]. See under 
operation. 
Halteridium (hal-ter-id'e-um) [Gr. aXtr/p leaping- 
weight]. See Hemoproteus columbce. H. dan- 
lie w'skyi is the malarial parasite of large birds. 
Haly Abbas. See AH Abbas. 
halzoun (hal'zun). A disease of Syria caused by 
Fasci'ola hepat'ica, which attaches itself to the 
pharyngeal mucous membrane, causing roaring 
in the ears, auricular tension, dysphagia, dysp- 
nea, and asphyxia. HAM 
483 
HAPLOSPORIDIA 
ham (ham). 1. The popliteal region. 2. The hip, 
buttock, and thigh. 
hamamelidin (ham-am-el'id-in). Hamamelin. 
hamamelin (ham-am-e'lin). A precipitate pre- 
pared from Hamame'lis virgin'ica: tonic and 
astringent. Dose, 5 gr. (0.033 gm.). 
Hamamelis (ham-am-e'lis) [Gr. a pa like 4- prjXov 
apple-tree]. A genus of hamameiaceous trees and 
shrubs. 'The leaves of H. virgin'ica, or witch- 
hazel, are styptic, sedative, and vulnerary, and 
are used in internal hemorrhages and threatened 
abortion, and locally in inflamed conditions. 
Dose, 1-60 min. (0.066-4 c.c.). 
hamarthritis (ham-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. ana together 
■ 4- apOpl-ris gout]. Arthritis of all the joints at 
. the same time. 
hamartia (ham-ar'she-ah) [Gr. auaprla defect]. A 
defect in tissue combination during development, 
hamartoblastoma (ham-ar"to-blas-to'ma) [Gr. 
apapria defect + /SXdaros germ 4- -wpa tumor], 
A tumor developing from a hamartoma. 
hamartoma (ham-ar-to'mah) [Gr. apapria error 4- 
-copa tumor]. 1. Albrecht's term for a tumor due to 
independent growth of blood-vessels. 2. A mal- 
formation dependent on a defect in tissue combina- 
tion. 
hamatum (ha-ma'tum) [L. " hooked "]. The unci- 
form bone. 
Hamberger interchange (ham'ber-ger) [N. J. 
Hamberger, physiologist in Holland]. The ionic 
interchange between the corpuscles and plasma of 
the blood which regulates the neutrality of the 
blood. Called also secondary buffering. 
Hamberger's schema (ham'ber-gerz) [Georg 
Erhard Hamberger, German physician, 1697-1755]. 
See under schema. 
Hamilton's bandage, pseudophlegmon, test 
[Frank Hastings Hamilton, American surgeon, 
1813-1875]. See bandage, etc. 
Hammarsten's test [Olof Hammarsten, physiolo- 
gist in Upsala, born 1841]. See under tests. 
Hammerschlag's test [Albert Hammerschlag, 
physician in Vienna, born 1863]. See under tests. 
hammer-toe (ham'er-to). A claw-like bending of 
a toe. 
Hammond's disease (ham'undz) [William Alex- 
ander Hammond, American neurologist, 1828- 
rgoo]. Athetosis. 
hamstring (ham'string). Either one of the ten- 
dons which laterally bound the popliteal space, 
inner h., the tendons of the gracilis, sartorius, 
and two other muscles.- outer h., the tendon 
of the biceps flexor femoris. 
hamular (ham'u-lar). Shaped like a hook. 
hamulus (ham'u-lus), pl. ham'uli [L.]. 1. Any 
hook-shaped process. 2. The hamular process, 
h. cochleae, a hook-like process of the osseous 
lamina at the cupola, h. lacrima'lis, the 
hamular process of the lacrimal bone. h. 
laminae spira'lis, the hook-like upper end of 
the osseous spiral lamina, h. os'sis hama'ti, 
the hamular process, h. pterygoi'deus, the 
hamular process of the sphenoid bone. 
hand (hand) [L. man'us], The carpus, metacar- 
pus, and fingers together, ape-h., a hand with 
the thumb permanently extended, apostolic h., 
a hand affected with Dupuytren's contraction, 
benediction h., a hand in which the ring and 
little fingers are flexed, the thumb and other two 
fingers remaining normal: seen in ulnar paralysis 
and syringomyelia; called also preacher's h. claw- 
h., flexion and atrophy of the hand and fingers, 
producing paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the 
hand: seen in the lower arm type of paralysis; 
called also main en griffe. cleft h., malforma- 
tion of the hand in which the division between the 
fingers extends into the metacarpus, crab h., 
severe inflammation of the hand due to a scratch by 
the shell of a crab, electric h., the hand used as 
an electrode, flat h. See manus plana. Marin- 
eSCO's succulent h., a hand marked by edema 
with lividity and coldness of the skin; seen in 
syringomyelia, monkey-h., a hand showing 
atrophy of the thenar muscles. Called also 
main en singe, obstetrician's h., contrac- 
tion of the hand in tetany (gastric). The thumb 
is strongly adducted, the fingers are drawn against 
each other and are half-flexed (over the thumb) 
at the metacarpophalangeal joint, and the sides 
of the palm are turned in to form a cone, preach- 
er's h. See benediction h. skeleton-h., a 
hand markedly atrophied and held in a position of 
extension: seen in progressive muscular atrophy. 
Called also main en squelette. spade h., the thick 
square hand of myxedema and acromegaly, trench, 
h. (main de tranchees), contracture or other inca- 
pacity of the hand from frost-bite in the trenches, 
trident h., the characteristic hand of achon- 
droplasia: the fingers are relatively of the same 
length, and there is a peculiar separation of the 
second and third fingers at the second phalangeal 
joint, causing the fingers to spread out. washer- 
woman's h., the blanched, corrugated hand of 
washerwomen; found also in the hands of the 
drowned. 
hangnail (hang'nal). Agnail; a splitting of the 
epidermis at the side of a finger-nail. 
Hanot's cirrhosis (an-6z') [Victor Charles Hanot, 
French physician, 1844-1896]. Biliary cirrhosis. 
Hansen's bacillus (han'senz) [Gerhard Armauer 
Hansen, Norwegian physician, 1841-1912]. The 
Bacillus leprce. 
hapalonychia (hap"al-o-nik'e-ah) [Gr. aTraXos soft 
+ ovv^ nail]. A soft, uncornified condition of the 
nails. 
haphalgesia (haf-al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. dy>ij touch 4~ 
aXyos pain]. A condition in which pain is expe- 
rienced on touching objects. 
haphephobia (haf-e-fo'be-ah) [Gr. a<pq touch 4- 
<pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of being touched. 
Hapke's phenomenon (hap'kez) [Franz Hapke, 
contemporary German physician]. See phenome- 
non. 
haplobacteria (hap"lo-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. dirXoos 
simple + bacteria], Bacteria which are not 
filamentous. 
Haplococcus reticula'tus (hap-lo-kok'us). A 
protozoan organism occurring in the muscles of 
swine. It consists of minute vesicles containing 
amebae which are finally set free. 
haplodermatitis (hap"lo-der-mat-i'tis). Haplo- 
dermitis. 
haplodermitis (hap"lo-der-mi'tis) [Gr. airXoov 
simple + beppa skin 4-ins inflammation]. An 
uncomplicated inflammation of the skin. 
haplodont (hap'lo-dont) [Gr. airXoos plain 4- 
bbovs tooth]. Having teeth with plain (non- 
ridged) crowns. 
Haplographiacese (hap"lo-graf-e-a'se-e). A fam- 
ily of fungi. 
haploid (hap'loid). One-half the full number of 
chromosomes for a given species of organism. 
haplopathy (hap-lop'ath-e) [Gr. djrXoos simple 4~ 
TraOos disease]. An uncomplicated disease. 
haplopia (hap-lo'pe-ah) [Gr. airXbos single 4- 
vision]. Single vision; the condition in which an 
object looked at is seen single and not double. 
haploscope (hap'lo-skop) [Gr. anXbos single 4- 
oKoTteiv to see]. A form of stereoscope used for 
testing the visual axes, mirror-h., an instrument 
for making experiments, with different degrees 
of convergence of the visual axes. 
haploscopic (hap-lo-skop'ik). Pertaining to a 
haploscope; stereoscopic. 
Haplosporidia (hap"lo-spo-rid'e-ah). A family of 
Neosporidia found as parasites in the intestines of 
marine annelides and in tumors of fishes. Only 
one species infests man. See Rhinosporidium 
seeberi. HAPTIC 
484 
HAZELIN 
haptic (hap'tik) [Gr. airrecv to touch]. Tactile. 
haptics (hap'tiks) [Gr. airreiv to touch]. The 
science of touch, or the sense of contact. 
haptin (hap'tin) [Gr. airreiv to seize]. Any one 
of the side-chains of a normally functionating 
cell; a cast-off receptor. See receptor and Ehrlich's 
side-chain theory, under theory. 
haptophil, haptophile (hap'to-fil) [haptin + Gr. 
tpcKeiv to love]. Having a peculiar affinity for a 
haptophore. 
haptophore (hap'to-for) [Gr. airTeiv to seize + 
tpepeLu to carry]. The stable, specific group of the 
molecule of toxins, agglutinins, precipitins, and 
lysins by which they become attached to their 
antibodies, antigens, or the receptors of cells and 
thus make possible the specific activity. See 
Ehrlich's side-chain theory, under theory. 
haptophoric (hap-to-for'ik). Same as haptopho- 
rous. 
haptophorous (hap-tof'or-us) [Gr. arrTw to touch 
+ tpepeiv to bring]. Causing the combination of 
an1 antitoxin with cells. The term is applied to 
that group of a toxin which fastens on the anti- 
toxin, and to that group of an amboceptor which 
joins the complement to the cell. 
haramaitism (har-am-a'it-izm). Child marriage 
among the Hindus. 
hardening (hard'en-ing). The procedure of ren- 
dering tissue firm, so that it may be more readily 
cut for purposes of microscopic examination. 
Harder's glands [Johann Jacob Harder, Swiss 
anatomist, 1656-1711]. See under gland. 
hardness (hard'nes). The presence in the water of 
soluble salts of calcium and magnesium or other 
substances which form an insoluble curd with the 
soap and thus interfere with its cleansing power, 
permanent h., hardness not removed by boil- 
ing; it is usually due to sulphates and chlorids. 
temporary h., hardness removed by boiling; it 
is due to soluble bicarbonates which lose CO2 on 
boiling and precipitate as normal carbonates. 
Hardy's lotion (ar-dez') [Louis Phillipe Alfred 
Hardy, French physician, 1811-1893]. See lotion. 
harelip (har'lip). A congenital cleft of one or 
both lips, but usually of the upper only, double 
h., a cleft on either side of the middle line on 
the lip. single h., a cleft on the middle line of 
the lip or on one side only. 
Harley's disease (har'lez) [George Harley, English 
physician, 1829-1896]. Paroxysmal hemoglobin- 
uria. 
harmalin (har'mal-in). An alkaloid, C13H14N2O, 
from harmel, a plant, Peg'anum harma'la, of 
Turkey: used as a vermifuge and stimulant. 
harmonia, harmony (har-mo'ne-ah, har'mo-ne) 
[L.]. The immovable articulation of bones by 
surfaces that are nearly smooth. 
harmozone (har'mo-zon) [Gr. appb^eiv to govern]. 
An internal secretion which influences growth and 
nutrition. 
harpoon (har-poon') [Gr. a.pira'ew to seize]. An 
instrument for removing small pieces of living 
tissue for diagnostic examination. 
Harrington's solution (har'ing-tonz) [Francis B. 
Harrington, surgeon in Boston, 1854-1914]. See 
solution. 
Harris' segregator or separator (har'is-ez) [Mal- 
colm La Selle Harris, Chicago surgeon, born 1862]. 
See segregator. 
Harrison's groove (har'is-unz) [Edward Harrison, 
English physician, 1766-1838]. See under groove. 
Harrower's hypothesis, test (har'o-erz) [Henry 
R. Harrower, American physician, born 1883]. See 
hypothesis and tests. 
harrowing (har'o-ing). Same as her sage. 
Hartley- Krause operation (hart'le-krowse) 
[Frank Hartley, New York surgeon, 1857-1913; 
Krause]. See under operation. 
Hartmann's curet (hart'manz) [Arthur Hart- 
mann, laryngologist in Berlin, born 1849]. See 
curet. 
Hartmann's pouch (hart'manz) [Robert Hart- 
mann, German anatomist, born 1831]. See pouch. 
hartshorn (harts'horn). 1. The horn of the stag 
or hart; cornu cervi. 2. A popular name for 
liquor ammonia;. 
harveian (hahr've-an). Named in honor of Wil- 
liam Harvey, a celebrated English physician (1578- 
1657), the discoverer of the circulation of the 
blood. 
Haser's formula (ha'serz) [Heinrich Heiser, 
German physician, 1811-1885]. See formula. 
hashish, hasheesh (hash-esh') [Arabic " herb "]. 
The stalks and leaves of Can'nabis in'dica. See 
Cannabis. 
Hasner's valve (hahs'nerz) [Joseph Ritter von 
Hasner, an ophthalmologist in Prague, 1819-1892]. 
See valve. 
Hassall's corpuscles (has'alz) [Arthur Hill Has- 
sall, English chemist and physician, 1817-1894]. 
See corpuscle. 
Hastings' stain (has'tings) [Thomas Ward Hast- 
ings, physician in New York, born 1873]. See under 
staining methods, table of. 
Hata's phenomenon, preparation (hah'tahs) 
[S. Hata, contemporary Japanese physician]. See 
phenomenon and preparation. 
Haudek's niche (haw'deks). See niche. 
haunch-bone (hawnsh'bon). See ilium. 
haupt-agglutinin (hawpt"ag-lu'tin-in). See chief 
agglutinin, under agglutinin. 
hauptganglion of Kiittner (howpt'gan-gle-on). 
See Kiittner's ganglion, under ganglion. 
Haust. Abbreviation for L. haus'tus, a draft. 
haustorium (haws-to're-um), pl. hausto'ria [L. 
haus'tor a drawer]. An organ of certain parasitic 
protozoa by which they attach themselves to the 
host for the purpose of obtaining nourishment. 
haustral (haws'tral). Pertaining to the haustra of 
the colon, h. churning, the backward and for- 
ward movement of the intestinal contents which 
takes place in the distal colon. It keeps the con- 
tents plastic and assists in their progress toward 
the anus. Called also haustral segmentation. 
haustrum (haws'trum), pl. haus'tra [L. haus'tor a 
drawer]. The recess made by one of the saccula- 
tions of the colon. 
haustus (haws'tus). Latin for draft, h. ni'ger, 
black draft: the compound infusion of senna. 
haut-mal (o-mahl') [Fr.]. An epileptic attack in 
its full development. 
Havers, canal of, spaces of (ha'vers) [see haver- 
sian]. See canal and space. 
haversian (ha-ver'zhan). Named after or de- 
scribed by Clopton Havers, an English anat- 
omist, 1650-1702. See under canal, gland, space, 
etc. 
hawk (hawk). To clear the throat of mucus. 
Hay's test (haz) [Matthew Hay, Scotch physician, 
born 1855]. See under test. 
hay-asthma (ha-az'mah). Hay-fever. See under 
fever. 
hay-bacillus. Bacillus subtilis. 
hay-fever (ha-fe'ver). See under fever. 
Hayem's disease, serum, solution, type 
(a-yaws') [Georges Hayem, physician in Paris, born 
1841]. See disease, serum, solution, and type. 
Haygarth's nodes or nodosities (ha'garths) 
[John Hay gar th, English physician, 1740-1827]. 
See under node. 
Haynes' operation (hanz) [Irving S. Haynes, 
New York surgeon, born 1861]. See operation. 
hazelin (ha'zel-in). A proprietary preparation of 
hamamelis. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). HAZEN'S THEOREM 
485 
HEART-BLOCK. 
Hazen's theorem (ha'zenz) [Allen Hazen, Ameri- 
can civil engineer, born 1869]. See theorem. 
Hb. The symbol of hemoglobin. 
H. C. Abbreviation for hospital corps. 
H. D. An abbreviation for hearing distance. 
H. d. Abbreviation for L. ho'ra decu'bitus, at bed- 
time. 
H. D. L. W. Distance at which a watch is heard by 
the left ear. 
H. D. R. W. Distance at which a watch is heard by 
the right ear. 
He. Chemical symbol for helium. 
he. For words beginning thus see also those be- 
ginning ha. 
head (hed) [L. ca'put}. That part of the organism 
which contains the brain and the organs of special 
sense, articular h., the head of a bone by 
which it articulates with another bone, h.-drop, 
a malarial disease of Japan, characterized by 
drooping of the head, hot-cross-bun h., a 
head in which the sutures are depressed: seen in 
hereditary syphilis, hour-glass h., a head in 
which the coronal suture is depressed, h.-kidney, 
the pronephros. h.-lock, the locking together 
of tbe chins in twin labor, h.-louse. See 
pediculus capitis, scald-h., a popular name for 
favus, porrigo, and other scaly affections of the 
scalp. 
headache (hed'ak). Pain in the head; cephal- 
algia. anemic h., headache due to anemia, 
local or general, bilious h., migraine, blind' 
h., migraine, congestive h., hyperemic h., 
headache due to congestion or hyperemia, hel- 
met h., pain involving the upper balf of the head, 
indurative h., headache due to indurations and 
thickenings in the muscles of the head and neck, 
miners' h., that which is due to the gases pro- 
duced by exploded nitroglycerin, nodular h., 
indurative headache, organic h., headache 
due to structural disease of the cerebral mem- 
branes. puncture h., the headache and associ- 
ated symptoms following puncture of the spinal 
canal and removal of cerebrospinal fluid, py- 
rexial h., that due to fever, reflex h., head- 
ache due to disease of some organ, as the stomach, 
eyes, etc. rhinogenous h., headache due to 
nasal disease, sick-h., migraine, sympto- 
matic h. Same as reflex h. toxic h., headache 
due to systemic poisoning. 
Head's zones [Henry Head, contemporary English 
physician]. See under zone. 
headgrit (hed'grit). Sheep cholera, an epizootic dis- 
ease of sheep. 
healing (hel'ing). A process of cure; the resto- 
ration of wounded parts, h. by first intention, 
healing in which the parts unite directly without 
the intervention of granulations, h. by second 
intention, union by the adhesion of granulating 
surfaces, h. by third intention, union by the 
filling of a wound with granulations. 
health (helth). A normal condition of body and 
mind. 
healthy (hel'the). In a normal condition with 
respect to health; free from disease. 
hearing (her'ing) [L. audi'tus], The sense by 
which sounds are appreciated, color-h. See 
chromesthesia. 
heart (hart) [L. cor]. The muscular viscus that 
maintains the circulation of the blood. It is di- 
vided into four cavities-two auricles and two ven- 
tricles. The left auricle receives the arterialized 
blood from the lungs, whence it passes to the left 
ventricle, which forces it through the arteries to 
supply the tissues. The right auricle receives 
the venous blood after it has passed through the 
capillaries and given up its oxygen. The blood 
then passes to the right ventricle, thence to the 
lungs, to be oxygenated. The organ is composed 
of fibrous rings and involuntary striped mus- 
cular fibers, which are intricately interlaced, 
and proceed in a spiral manner from the apex to 
the base. The valves are five in number-viz., 
the mitral, between the left auricle and ventricle; 
the tricuspid, between the right auricle and ven- 
tricle; the aortic, at the entrance of the aorta to 
the left ventricle; the pulmonary, at the entrance 
of the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle; 
and the eustachian, between the anterior margin 
of the inferior vena cava and the right auriculo- 
ventricular opening. The columna carnece are 
rounded columns of muscular tissue on the inner 
surface of the ventricles. Some of them are 
simply ridges, others are attached at each ex- 
tremity, and others terminate in tendinous cords, 
the extremities of which are attached to the auricu- 
loventricular valves. The tendinous rings of 
the orifices of the heart are called festooned rings. 
The weight of the heart in adult males is from ten 
to twelve ounces; in females, from eight to ten 
ounces, abdominal h., a heart displaced into 
the abdominal cavity, armored h., a condition 
marked by calcareous deposits in the pericardium, 
athletic h., hypertrophy of the heart with no dis- 
ease of the valves, sometimes seen in athletes, beer 
h. See Tubingen h. bony h., a heart containing 
calcareous patches, cervical h., a heart situated 
high up in the neck. Copenhagen h., cardiac 
weakness seen among habitual users of strong snuff, 
in which mitral insufficiency is readily provoked by 
any exercise, drop h., ptosis and atony of the 
heart, fat-h., fatty h. i. A heart affected 
with fatty degeneration. 2. A condition in which 
there is an excessive layer of fat deposited about the 
heart muscle, fibroid h., a heart affected with 
a chronic myocarditis in which fibrous tissue is 
developed within the muscular tissue of the organ, 
frosted h., a condition in which the pericardium 
is thickened, giving the heart the appearance of 
being frosted like a cake, goiter h., disturbance 
of the muscular action of the heart due to pressure 
of a goiter on the veins of the neck and on the 
trachea, hairy h., a heart covered with a 
shaggy exudation, icing h., pericarditis which 
appears postmortem like the icing on a cake, 
irritable h. See neurocirculatory asthenia, un- 
der asthenia, left h., the left auricle and ventricle; 
that portion of the heart which propels the blood in 
the systemic circulation, luxus h., dilatation of 
the left ventricle of the heart, conjoined with hyper- 
trophy. military h., irritable heart in sol- 
diers. pectoral h., a heart situated in the front 
of the chest where it produces a bulging area, 
pendulous h. See drop h. pulmonary 
h. Same as right h. Quain's fatty h., a 
fatty degeneration of the heart muscle, right 
h., the right auricle and ventricle; that por- 
tion of the heart which is concerned in the pul- 
monary circulation, scarlet fever h. See 
myocarditis scarlatinosa, soldier's h. See neu- 
rocirculatory asthenia, under asthenia, systemic 
h., the left auricle and ventricle, tabby-cat h., 
a condition of the heart in which the inner surface of 
the ventricular wall and the papillary muscles are 
streaked and spotted: seen in marked cases of 
fatty degeneration. Called also thrush-breast h. 
and tiger-lily h. thrush-breast h. See tabby- 
cat h. tiger h., tiger-lily h. Same as tabby- 
cat h. tobacco h., a heart showing irregu- 
larity of action due to excessive use of tobacco. 
Traube's h., heart disease of a nephropathic 
origin, i. e., based on kidney disease. Tubingen 
h., dilatation and hypertrophy of the heart from 
excessive beer drinking, wandering h., an ab- 
normally movable heart. 
heart-block (hart-blok). The condition in which 
the muscular interconnection between the auricle 
and ventricle (auriculoventricular band or band 
of His) is interrupted, so that the auricle and 
ventricle beat independently of each other (Gaskell). 
The condition is marked by permanent or parox- 
ysmal bradycardia, epileptiform, vertiginous, or 
syncopal attacks, and pulsations of the cervical HEEL 
veins exceeding in rate those of the arteries. The 
condition is known as A dams-Stokes' disease, atrio- 
ventricular h. Same as auriculoventricular h. 
auriculoventricular h., a form in which the 
blocking is at the auriculoventricular junction, 
dextauriculoseptolevauricular h., a form in 
which the blocking is at the line of union of the 
right auricle with the left auricle plus the inter- 
auricular septum, intraventricular h., a form 
in which one ventricle contracts without the other, 
septodextauriculolevauricular h., a form in 
which the blocking is at the line of union of the 
Tight auricle plus the interauricular septum with 
the left auricle, sino-auricular h., a form in 
which the blocking is located between the auricles 
and the mouths of the great veins and coronary 
sinus. 
heart-burn (hart'burn). A burning sensation in 
the esophagus; cardialgia. 
heart-failure (hart'-fal-yer). Sudden and fatal 
cessation of the heart's action. 
heart-hurry (hart'hur-e). Extreme rapidity of 
the pulse, a form of tachycardia. 
heart-water disease. See hemoglobinuria of 
sheep. 
heat (het) [L. ca'lor]. 1. A form of kinetic energy 
communicable from one body to another, and ap- 
preciable by the thermal sense. 2. Sexual ardor 
of animals, atomic h., the amount of heat re- 
quired to raise an atom from o° to i° C. latent 
h., that which apparently disappears when it is 
absorbed by bodies which are not thereby rendered 
warmer; the heat which a body may absorb with- 
out changing its temperature, molecular h., 
the product of the molecular weight of a sub- 
stance multiplied by its specific heat, prickly 
h., lichen tropicus, or other itching affection of 
the skin caused by heat, radiant h., heat given 
off from any body and passing through space in the 
form of waves, sensible h., the heat which, 
when absorbed by a body, produces a rise in tem- 
perature. specific h., the amount of heat needed 
to raise the unit-volume of any substance through 
i° C. h.-unit, a calorie. 
Heaton's operation (he'tonz) [George Heaton, 
Boston surgeon, 1808-1879]. See operation. 
heaves (hevz). A respiratory disturbance of horses 
marked by easy inspiration and difficult expiration, 
the latter being accomplished in two distinct ef- 
forts. Called also broken wind. 
Hebdom. Abbreviation for L. hebdom'ada, a week, 
hebeosteotomy (he"be-os-te-ot'o-me). Heboste- 
otomy. 
hebephrenia (heb-e-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. 77^77 puberty 4- 
<pprp> mind]. A form of mental disorder or in- 
sanity coming on at the time of puberty, and 
marked by depression, gradual failure of mental 
faculties, and moral deterioration, with egoistic 
and self-centered delusions. See dementia prcecox. 
grafted h., hebephrenia grafted, as it were, on 
feeble-mindedness. 
Heberden's nodes (he'ber-denz) [William He- 
berden, English physician, 1710-1801]. See node. 
hebetic (he-bet'ik) [Gr. r)/3r)rr)s youthful]. Per- 
taining to or occurring at the time of puberty. 
hebetomy (he-bet'o-me) [Gr. pubes 4- ropf) 
but]. Pubeotomy. 
hebetude (heb'et-ud) [L. hebetu'do]. Mental dul- 
ness with impairment of the special senses, such 
as is seen in asthenic fevers. 
heboidophrenia (heb-oi-do-fre'ne-ah). Dementia 
praecox marked by simple dementia. 
heboid-paranoid (heb'oid-par'an-oid). A name 
for the group of mental disorders which consists of 
the juvenile insanities, dementia praecox, and par- 
anoia. 
hebosteotomy (he-bos-te-ot'o-me) [Gr. rrfi-q pubes 
4- bareov bone 4- r<s>pi) cutting]. Same as Pubi- 
otomy. 
HEART-BURN 
486 
hebotomy (he-bot'o-me) [Gr. pubes + a 
cut]. Same as pubiotomy. 
Hebra's disease, ointment, etc. (he'brahs) [Fer- 
dinand von Hebra, Austrian dermatologist, 1816- 
1880]. See disease, ointment, etc. 
hecatomeral (hek-at-om'er-al). Same as hecato- 
meric. 
hecatomeric (hek"at-o-mer'ik) [Gr. eKarepov each 
4* pepos part]. Having processes which divide into 
two, one going to each side of the spinal cord: 
used of certain neurons. 
Hecht's test (hekts) [Hugo Hecht, contemporary 
physician in Prague]. See tests, table of. 
Hecker's law (hek'erz) [Karl v. Hecker, German 
obstetrician, 1827-1882]. See under law. 
hectargyre (hek'tar-jir). A mercury compound of 
hectin, used like the latter. 
hectic (hek'tik) [L. hec'ticus; Gr. emiKbs habitual]. 
1. Associated with phthisis and with septic poi- 
soning. 2. The irregular fever of phthisis and 
of chronic suppurative processes. See fever and 
flush. 
hectin, hectine (hek'tin). Sodium benzosulpho- 
paramino-phenylarsinate, CeH5.SO2.NH.C6H4.NO- 
(OH).ONa, an arsenical compound for use like 
atoxyl. Dose, 15-3 gr. (0.1-2 gm.) per day. 
hectogram (hek'to-gram) [Fr. hectogramme; Gr. 
eKarov hundred + gram]. One hundred grams; 
3 ounces and 230.7 grains avoirdupois. See 
weights and measures. 
hectoliter (hek'to-le-ter) [Fr. hectolitre; Gr. tKarov 
hundred 4- liter]. One hundred liters; 22 im- 
perial or 26.4 United States gallons. See weights 
and measures. 
hectometer (hek'to-me-ter) [Fr. hectometre; Gr. 
eKarov hundred 4" meter]. One hundred meters, 
or 328 feet and 1 inch. 
H. E. D. [German Haut Einheits Dosis]. Abbrevia- 
tion for unit skin dose, a therapeutic unit of x-ray 
dosage established by Seitz and Wintz. [Note: 
This unit is now almost in general use in Germany, 
and is often misinterpreted as the erythema dose, 
E. D.]. 
Hedeoma (hed-e-o'mah) [L.]. A genus of labiate 
herbs. The leaves and tops of H. pulegioi'des, 
American pennyroyal, are stimulant, emmena- 
gogue, and carminative. Dose of volatile oil 
(p'leum hedeo'mce), 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.). 
hediosit (he'de-o-sit). A white, crystalline powder, 
C7H12O7, the lactone of alpha-glycoheptonic acid: 
used as a sweetener of food for the diabetic. 
hedonal (he'do-nal) [Gr. ^bov-r/ pleasure]. A color- 
less crystalline compound, methyl-propyl-carbinol- 
urethane, CaHT.CHfCHsj.O.CO.NIU. slightly sol- 
uble in water: a hypnotic in doses of 20 gr. (1.33 
gm.). 
hedonic (he-don'ik). Pertaining to pleasure. 
hedonism (he'do-nizm) [Gr. r)bovq pleasure]. 
Excessive devotion to pleasure. 
hedratresia (hed-rat-re'se-ah) [Gr. ebpa anus + 
atresia]. Imperforation of the anus. 
hedrocele (hed'ro-sel) [Gr. ebpa anus 4 kt)Xt) her- 
nia]. Hernia, or prolapse, of the intestine through 
the anus. 
hedroin (hed'ro-in). A trade name for acetomor- 
phin hydrochlorid. 
heel (hel) [L. calx]. The hindmost part of the foot, 
anterior h., a triangular shaped piece of leather 
fastened obliquely across the ball of the shoe just 
behind the heads of the metatarsal bones, the ob- 
ject being to support the heads, equalize the press- 
ure, and support the anterior arch, h.-bone, the 
calcaneum. contracted h. See hoof-bound. 
h.-fly, the ox-bot, Hypoder'ma linea'ta, which flies 
about the heels of cattle and lays its eggs on the 
hair, gonorrheal h., the development of ex- 
ostoses on the heel, attributed to gonorrheal 
infection, h.-jar, a feeling of pain experienced by a patient on raising on the toes and suddenly bring- 
ing the heels to the ground. In Pott's disease the 
pain is felt in the spine; in renal calculus it is felt 
in the lumbar region, painful h., a condition in 
which pain is caused by pressure on the heel, 
weak h., a condition of the wall of a horse's hoof 
in which, owing to the softness of the horn and the 
oblique direction of the horn fibers, the heels are 
unable to bear the body weight. 
Hegar's dilator, operation, sign (ha'garz) 
[Alfred Hegar, gynecologist in Freiburg, 1830- 
1914]. See dilator, operation, and sign. 
hegemony (heg'em-o-ne) [Gr. eyepov leader]. The 
state of being chief or most important. 
hegonon (heg'o-non). A light brown powder, ob- 
tained by treating albumose with an ammoniacal 
solution of silver nitrate: used like other silver pro- 
tein compounds, especially in gonorrhea. 
hegovia (he-go've-ah). A proprietary mixture 
containing salol, lithium salicylate, and powdered 
snails: recommended for enuresis. 
Heichelheim's test (hi'kel-hlmz) [Rudolf Heichel- 
heim, contemporary German physician]. See 
under tests, table of. 
Heidenhain's cells, law, rods, stain, etc. (hi'- 
den-hinz) [Rudolph P. Heidenhain, German phys- 
ician, 1834-1887]. See cell, law, rod, stain, etc. 
Heilbronner's sign or thigh (hfl'bron-erz) [Karl 
Heilbronner, 1870-1914]. See under thigh. 
Heim's pill (himz) [Ernst Ludwig Heim, German 
physician, 1747-1834]. See pill. 
Heine's operation (hi'nez) [Leopold Heine, Ger- 
man oculist, born 1870]. See operation. 
Heine-Medin disease (hi'ne-ma'din) [Jacob 
Heine, German physician, 1800-1879; Oskar 
Medin, contemporary Swedish physician]. Acute 
anterior poliomyelitis. 
Heineke-Mikulicz operation (hi"nek-e-mik'u- 
litsh) [Walter Hermann Heineke, German surgeon, 
1834-1901; see Mikulicz]. See operation. 
Heinz bodies (hlntz) [R. Heinz, contemporary 
German physician]. See under body. 
Heiser's treatment (hi'serz) [Victor Heiser, con- 
temporary American physician]. See treatment. 
Heister's valve (his'terz) [Lorenz Heister, German 
anatomist, 1683-1758]. See under valve. 
hektin (hek'tin). See hectin. 
helcoid (hel'koid) [Gr. eXxos ulcer + dbos form]. 
Resembling an ulcer. 
helcology (hel-kol'o-je) [Gr. cXkos ulcer + Xbyos 
discourse]. The scientific study of ulcers. 
helcoma (hel-ko'mah) [Gr.]. Corneal ulcer (Hip- 
pocrates). 
helcoplasty (hel'ko-plas-te) [Gr. eXxos ulcer + 
irXaaaetv to form]. Plastic surgery of ulcers, as 
by skin-grafting, etc. 
helcosal, helcosol (hel'ko-sal, -sol). Bismuth py- 
rogallate, CgHafOHAOBiO; a yellow, insoluble 
powder, containing 60 per cent, of bismuth: an 
internal and external antiseptic. Merck's h., 
a greenish-yellow powder, CelLfOHMABiOH, con- 
taining 48 per cent, of bismuth. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.3-1 gm.). 
helcosis (hel-ko'sis) [Gr. eXxwais]. Ulceration; 
the formation of an ulcer. 
Helcoso'ma trop'icum. A name proposed by 
G. J. H Wright for the microorganism found by 
him in the endothelial cells of Delhi boil. Called 
also Leishmania tropica and Herpetomonas tropica. 
helenin (hel'en-in). A bitter, yellow, crystalline 
principle, CSHSO, from In'ula hele'nium, or ele- 
campane: antiseptic and antispasmodic. Dose, 
j-j gr. (0.011-0.022 gm.). 
helgotan (hel'go-tan). See tannoform. 
helianthin (he-le-an'thin). An orange-yellow an- 
ilin dye. It is the sodium salt of para-dimethyl- 
amino-azo-benzene-sulphonic acid, (CH3)2-N.CgH4.- 
HEGAR'S DILATOR 
487 
N:N.CeH4.SO2-ONa. Called also tropeolin D., 
methyl-orange, and Poirrier's orange. Its solution 
is colored red by acid and yellow by alkalis. 
helicin (hel'is-in). A glucosid formed by oxidizing 
salicin. On hydrolysis it yields glucose and 
salicylic aldehyd. 
helicine (hel'is-in) [Gr. eXi£ coil], i. Of a spiral 
form. 2. Of or pertaining to the helix. 
Helicobacterium (hel"ik-o-bak-te're-um) [Gr. 
«Xi$ coil + ^aKTTjpLov rod]. A genus or form of 
schizomycetous microorganisms. H. aero'genes, 
a gas-producing species from the alimentary canal, 
in motile rods, single or in chains, growing into 
long, undulating filaments. 
helicoid (hel'ik-oid) [Gr. eXi£ coil + elBos form]. 
Resembling a coil or helix. 
helicon (hel'ik-on). A proprietary preparation 
identical with aspirin. 
helicopepsin (hel"ik-o-pep'sin) [Gr. e'Xi£ spiral 
shell + pepsin]. A ferment resembling pepsin, 
from snails. 
helicopod (hel'ik-o-pod) [Gr. e'Xi£ coil + ttous foot], 
i. The dragging gait of some cases of hysteric 
disorder and of certain paralytics. 2. Having a 
peculiar walk, in which the feet describe half- 
circles. 
helicopodia (hel"ik-o-po'de-ah). The gait of a 
helicopod. 
helicoprotein (hel"ik-o-pro'te-in) [Gr. eXi£ snail 
+ protein], A glucoprotein substance obtained 
from the snail, He'lix poma'ta. 
helicotrema (hel-ik-o-tre'mah) [Gr. e'Xt£ helix + 
Tprjpa hole]. The passage that connects the scala 
tympani and scala vestibuli at the apex of the 
cochlea. 
helid, helide (he'lid). A compound of an element 
with helium. 
heliencephalitis (he"le-en-sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. 77X10$ 
sun + eyKeyaXos brain + -itls inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the brain caused by exposure to 
the sun. 
heliophobia (he"le-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 77X10$ sun -J- 
<pbfios fear]. Morbid avoidance or dread of sun- 
light. 
heliosin (he-le-o'sin). A compound containing 
keratin and various inorganic salts: used in syphilis. 
heliosis (he-le-o'sis) [Gr. 77X10$ sun]. Sunstroke. 
heliotaxis (he-le-o-tak'sis) [Gr. 77X10$ sun 4- 
turning]. See heliotropism. 
heliotherapy (he"le-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 77X10$ sun -|- 
therapy], The treatment of disease by exposing 
the body to the sun's rays; the therapeutic use 
of the sun-bath. 
heliotropin (he-le-ot'ro-pin). Piperonal or proto- 
catechuic aldehyd methylene ether, C^.Cb-CeHa.- 
CHO, a fragrant crystalline antiseptic and anti- 
pyretic base: used in perfumery, etc. 
heliotropism (he-le-ot'ro-pizm) [Gr. 77X10$ sun + 
rpoTT-r) a turn]. Chemotropism induced by the 
action of sunlight; the tendency of an organism to 
turn toward or grow toward sunlight. 
helium (he'le-um) [Gr. 77X10$ sun]. An inert gaseous 
element that exists in the sun, the air, and in 
various minerals. Symbol, He; atomic weight, 4; 
specific gravity, 1.98. 
helix (he'liks) [Gr. e'Xi£ coil]. 1. The margin of 
the pinna of the ear. 2. A coil of wire, as in an 
electromagnet. 
helkomen (hel'ko-men). Bismuth dibrombeta- 
oxynaphtholate: used like iodoform. 
Hellat's sign (hel'ats) [Piotr Hellat, Russian otolo- 
gist, 1857-1912]. See under sign. 
hellebore (hel'e-bor) [L. helleb'orus; Gr. eXXe- 
^opos]. A violent gastro-intestinal poison, having 
hydragogue, cathartic, and emmenagogue proper- 
ties. It is sometimes used in mania, amenorrhea, 
and ascites. American h., veratrum viride. 
black h., the root of Helleb'orus ni'ger. Dose 
HELLEBORE HELLEBOREIN 
488 
HEMAGULEN 
in powder, 10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 gm.); of extract, 
j-5 gr. (0.033-0.33 gm.); of fluidextract, 5-15 min. 
(0.333-1 c.c.). white h., veratrum viride. 
helleborein (hel-e-bo're-in). A glucosid, C36HU- 
O15, from hellebore: it is mydriatic, and may be 
used like digitalis in heart diseases. Dose, 
gr. (0.0033-0.0066 gm.). 
helleborin (hel'eb-or-in). A poisonous glucosid 
from hellebore. 
helleborism (hel'eb-or-izm). The poisonous 
effects of hellebore; also treatment with hellebore. 
Helleborus (hel-eb'o-rus). See hellebore. 
Heller's test (hel'erz) [Arnold Ludwig Gotthelf 
Heller, pathologist in Kiel, 1840-1913]. See under 
tests, table of. 
Helmholtz's ligament (helm'holtz-es) [Hermann 
Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, German physiol- 
ogist, 1821-1894]. See ligament. 
helminth (hel'minth) [Gr. eXptvs worm]. An in- 
testinal worm or worm-like parasite. 
helminthagogue (hel-min'thag-og) [helminth 4- 
Gr. by^ybs leading]. Same as vermifuge or ver- 
mifugal. 
helminthemesis (hel-min-them'e-sis) [Gr. IXpws 
worm 4- 2/xeais vomiting]. The vomiting of 
worms. 
helminthiasis (hel-min-thi'as-is) [Gr. eXpivs 
worm], A morbid state due to infestation with 
worms. h. elas'tica, the occurrence of elastic 
tumors in the groin and axilla, probably due to 
filariae, h. Wucheve'ri, a term proposed by V. 
Pereira for all forms of filariasis. 
helminthic (hel-min'thik). Same as helmintha- 
gogue. 
helminthism (hel'min-thizm). The presence of 
worms in the body. 
helminthoid (hel-min'thoid) [Gr. tXptvs worm 
4- elbos form]. Worm-like. 
helminthology (hel-min-thol'o-je). [Gr. eXpivs 
worm 4- \byos science]. The sum of knowledge re- 
garding worms or animal endoparasites. 
helminthophobia (hel-min-tho-fo'be-ah) Gr. 
eXpcvs worm + po^os fear]. Morbid fear of be- 
ing infested with worms. 
helminthous (hel-min'thus) [Gr. e'X/xirs worm]. 
Pertaining to worms; infested with worms. 
helmitol (hel'mit-ol). A white powder, urotropin 
anhydro methylene citrate, (CH2)6N4.C7H6O?: 
used as a urinary antiseptic. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
Heloderma (he-lo-der'mah). A genus of venomous 
lizards of Arizona and New Mexico. II. hor'ridum 
is the Mexican caltetepon, and H. suspec'tum, the 
Gila monster. 
heloma (he-lo'mah) [Gr. ijXos nail 4- opa tumor]. A 
corn or callosity on the hand or foot. 
helonin (hel-o'nin). A precipitate from a tincture 
of Helo'nias dioi'ca or Chamcelir'ium lu'teum: 
diuretic and anthelmintic. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133- 
0.266 gm.). 
helosis (he-lo'sis) [Gr. ijXos nail]. The condition of 
having corns. 
helotomeia (he-lo-to-mi'ah) [Gr. ijXos nail 4- Toprj 
cut]. The surgery of corns. 
helotomon (he-lot'o-mon). A knife for cutting 
corns. 
helotomy (he-lot'o-me). The cutting of corns; sur- 
gery of corns. 
helthin (hel'thin). Amidonaphthol-potassic-acid, 
used as a reagent for testing water for the pres- 
ence of nitrous impurities,. 
Helweg's bundle (hel'vegz) [Hans Kristian Sax- 
torph Helweg, Danish physician, born 1847]. See 
bundle. 
hem-, haem- [Gr. alpa blood]. A prefix denoting 
some relation to the blood. 
hemabarometer (hem-a-bar-om'et-er) [Gr. alpa 
blood + barometer]. An instrument for ascertain- 
ing the specific gravity of the blood. 
hemaboloids (hem-ab'o-loidz). A preparation of 
organic iron compounds, bone-marrow, nuclein, 
and beef peptones. 
hemachromatosis (hem"ak-ro-mat-o'sis). General 
pigmentation of hemic origin. 
hemachrome (hem'ak-rom) [Gr. alp a blood 4- 
XP&pa color]. The red coloring-matter of the 
blood. 
hemachrosis (hem-ak-ro'sis) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
Xpuais coloring]. Abnormal or excessive redness 
of the blood. 
hemacyanin (hem-as-i'an-in) [Gr. alpa blood 4* 
Kvavos blue]. Same as hematocyanin. 
hemacyte (hem'as-It). Same as hematocyte. 
hemacytometer (hem"a-si-tom'et-er) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- kutos cell 4* perpov measure]. An in- 
strument used in counting the blood-corpuscles. 
hemacytozobn (hem"a-si-to-zo'on), pl. hemacyto- 
zo'a [Gr. alpa blood 4- kotos cell 4- ^ov animal]. 
Any cellular animal microparasite or species 
inhabiting the blood. 
hemad (he'mad). i. Toward the hemal or ventral 
aspect. 2. A blood-corpuscle. 
hemaden (hem'ad-en) [Gr. alpa blood 4- abry 
gland], A ductless gland. 
hemadenology (hem-ad-en-ol'o-je) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- abry gland 4~ Aoyos word]. The stuay of the 
relations of the internal secretions to general dis- 
eases. 
hemadostenosis (hem"ad-o-ste-no'sis) [Gr. alpas 
blood-stream 4- STevoxns narrowing]. The nar- 
rowing or obliteration of a blood-vessel. 
hemadromograph (hem-a-drom'o-graf) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- bpopos course 4- ypatpeiv to record]. An 
instrument for recording the speed of the blood- 
current. 
hemadromometer (hem"ad-ro-mom'et-er). Same 
as hemodromometer. 
hemadynamometer (hem"a-di-nam-om'et-er) 
[Gr. alpa blood 4- bvvapcs strength 4- perpov 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring the pres- 
sure of the blood. 
hemadynamometry (hem"ad-i-nam-om'et-re) 
[see hemadynamometer]. Measurement of blood- 
pressure. 
hemafacient (hem-af-a'shent) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
L. fa'cere to make]. Same as hematopoietic. 
hemafecia (hem-ah-fe'se-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
feces]. Blood in the feces. 
hemaformyl (hem'af-or-mil). A compound of 
hematoxylin and formaldehyd: used in digestive 
disorders. 
hemagglutination (hem-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). The 
agglutination of blood-corpuscles. 
hemagglutinative (hem-ag-lu'tin-a-tiv). Causing 
agglutinatipn of blood-corpuscles. 
hemagglutinin (hem-ag-lu'tin-in) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- agglutinin], A specific substance in blood- 
serum which causes agglutination of red blood- 
corpuscles. Hemagglutins may be divided into 
auto-hemagglutinins which agglutinate the cells of 
the same blood as that in which they are con- 
tained; iso-hemagglutinins which agglutinate the 
cells of other members of the same species; and 
hetero-agglutinins which agglutinate the red cells 
of other species of animals. 
hemagogic (hem-ag-oj'ik). Of the nature of a 
hemagogue. 
hemagogue (hem'ag-og) [Gr. alpa blood 4- ayaiybs 
leading], i. Favoring the discharge of blood or 
of the menses. 2. An agent that promotes a 
sanguineous discharge. 
hemagulen (hem-ag'u-len). A proprietary hemo- 
static prepared from fresh brain substance. HEMAL 
489 
HEMATINOMETER 
hemal (he'mal) [Gr. aqua blood). Of or pertain- 
ing to the blood. 
hemalbumin (hem-al-bu'min) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
albumin]. 1. Predigested iron albuminate: used 
as a remedy. 2. A proprietary preparation of the 
salts and acid non-coagulating albuminoids of 
the blood. 3. A patented preparation of blood 
containing hematin, hemoglobulin, serum-albu- 
min, paraglobulin, etc. 
hemalum (hem-al'um). A stain used in histo- 
logic work, made of hematoxylin and alum. 
hemameba (hem-am-e'bah) [hema- + ameba]. 
1. A white blood-corpuscle. 2. A parasitic ame- 
boid microorganism of the blood: particularly a 
genus of Hemocytozoa infesting the blood of man, 
monkeys, bats, and various birds. It includes 
the plasmodium of man and the hemoproteus of 
birds. See Hcemosporidia. h. lucae'miae mag'- 
na, a form said to be the cause of myelogenous 
leukemia, h. lucae'miae par'vae, a form said 
to be the cause of lymphatic leukemia. 
hemamebiasis (hem-am-e-bi'as-is). Infection with 
hemamebae. 
hemanalysis (hem-an-al'is-is) [Gr. alpa blood + 
analysis]. Analysis of the blood. 
hemangio-endothelioblastoma (hem-an"je-o- 
en-do-the"le-o-blas-to'mah) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
ayyeiov vessel + endothelium + /JXaoros germ -j- 
-co/ua tumor). A tumor of mesenchymal origin of 
which the cells tend to form endothelial cells and 
line blood-vessels. 
hemangio-endothelioma (hem-an"je-o-en-do- 
the-le-o'mah) [hemangioma 4- endothelioma]. A 
new-growth of the endothelium of the capillary 
vessels, h. tubero sum mul'tiplex, a hyper- 
plasia of the endothelium of the cutaneous blood- 
vessels producing an eruption of nodules and 
papules. 
hemangioma (hem"an-je-o'mah) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- angioma]. A tumor made up of new-formed 
blood-vessels. Cf. angioma and lymphangioma. 
hemangiomatosis (hem"an-je-o-mat-o'sis). A 
condition in which multiple hemangiomata are 
developed. 
hemangiosarcoma (hem-an" je-o-sar-ko'mah). 
Hemangioma blended with sarcoma. 
hemanutrid (hem-an-u'trid). A liquid prepara- 
tion of hemoglobin, glycerin, and brandy. 
hemapheic, haemapheic (hem-af-e'ik). Marked 
by the presence of hemaphein. 
hemaphein (hem-af-e'in) [Gr. alpa blood 4- <paibs 
tawny). A brown coloring-matter of the blood 
and urine. 
hemapheism, hemaphaeism(hem-af-e'izm). The 
presence of hemaphein in the urine. 
hemaphobia (hem-af-o'be-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
<pb0os fear). Morbid dread of the sight of blood. 
hemaphotograph (hem-af-o'to-graf) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- photograph]. A photograph used in 
estimating the hemoglobin of the blood. 
Hemaphy'salis leach'i. The common day tick 
of South Africa. It transmits Piroplasma canis. 
hemapoiesis (hem"ah-poi-e'sis) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- iroiqais formation]. The formation or making 
of the blood. 
hemapoietic (hem"ah-poi-et'ik). See hemato- 
poietic. 
hemapophysis, haemapophysis (hem-ap-of'is-is) 
[Gr. alpa blood 4- apophysis]. A costal cartilage 
regarded as an apophysis of the hemal spine. 
hemarobin (hem-ar-o'bin). A proprietary' tonic 
containing hypophosphites, cod-liver oil, etc. 
hemarthros (hem-ar'thros). Hemarthrosis. 
hemarthrosis (hem-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
apOpov joint]. Blood extravasated into a joint or 
its synovial cavity; hemorrhage into a joint. 
hemase (hem'as) [Gr. alpa blood 4- -ase]. A cata- 
lase found in the blood. 
hemasthenosis (hem-as-then-o'sis) [Gr. alya 
blood + aadeveca weakness], i. Defective cir- 
culation of the blood. 2. A defective state of the 
blood. 
hemastrontium (hem-as-tron'she-um). A tissue 
stain prepared by adding strontium chlorid to a 
solution of hematein and aluminum chlorid in al- 
cohol and citric acid. 
hematachometer (hem"at-ak-om/et-er) [Gr. aqua 
blood + raxvs swift 4- perpov measure]. An in- 
strument for measuring the speed of the blood- 
current. 
hemataerometer (hem"at-a-er-om'et-er) [Gr. alpa 
blood + aqp air 4- perpov measure]. An instru- 
ment for measuring the pressure of gases in the 
blood. 
hematalloscopy (hem"at-al-os'ko-pe) [Gr. alpa 
blood + aXXos other + crKOTrecp to examine]. The 
examination of blood to distinguish one kind 
from another. 
hematapostasis (hem"at-ap-os'tas-is) [Gr. alpa 
blood + air bar acres a standing away]. The metas- 
tasis of blood. 
hematapostema (hem"at-ap-os-te'mah). An ab- 
scess containing effused blood. 
hemate (hem'at). A compound of hematein. 
hemateikon (hem-at-i'kon), pl. hemateiko'nia [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- cikov image]. The blood- 
picture, or appearance of the blood under the 
microscope. 
hematein (hem-at-e'in). A brownish-red, crystal- 
line substance, Ci0H12O6, derived from hematox- 
ylin by the successive action of ammonia and 
acetic acid. 
hematemesis (hem-at-em'es-is) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
epecres vomiting]. The vomiting of blood. h. 
puella'ris, blood-vomiting in girls or young 
women with no stomach lesion. 
hematencephalon (hem"at-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. alpa 
blood + encephalon]. The effusion of blood 
into the brain. 
hematherapy (hem-ath-er'ap-e) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ Oepairela treatment). Blood treatment; treat- 
ment of disease by the use of prepared arterial 
blood of bullocks, either by injection or through 
the mouth. 
hemathermal (hem-ath-er'mal) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ Qeppbs warm]. Warm blooded: said of ani- 
mals whose blood remains at a constant tempera- 
ture. 
hemathermous (hem-ath-er'mus) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ Oeppbs hot]. Having warm blood. 
hemathorax (hem-ath-o'rax). Hemothorax, 
hematic (he-mat'ik). Pertaining to the blood, 
hematicum (he-mat'ik-um). An aqueous alcoholic 
solution of iron compounds. 
hematid (hem'at-id). A red blood-corpuscle. 
hematidrosis (hem"at-id-ro'sis) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ Ibporcrcs sweating]. The sweating of blood or 
of a fluid mixed with blood. 
hematimeter (hem-at-im'et-er) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument used in count- 
ing the blood-corpuscles. 
hematimetry (hem-at-im'et-re). Counting of the 
corpuscles in a given quantity of blood. 
hematin (hem'at-in). A brown or blue-black 
amorphous substance, C34H35N4FeO5, which, with 
globin, forms hemoglobin, h.-albumin, a brown 
powder obtained by drying the fibrin of the 
blood, reduced h., hemochromogen. vege- 
table h., aspergillin. 
hematinemia (hem"at-in-e'me-ah) [hematin 4- Gr. 
alpa blood]. The presence of hematin in the blood. 
hematinic (hem-at-in'ik). Same as hematic. 
hematinogen (hem-at-in'o-jen). An iron-contain- 
ing pigment of the blood. 
hematinometer (hem"at-in-om'et-er). Same as 
hemoglobinometer. HEMATINURIA 
490 
hematinuria (hem"at-in-u're-ah) [hematin 4- Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The condition of urine that is tinged 
with hematin. 
hematischesis (hem-at-is'kes-is) [Gr. ai/xa blood 
4- axeacs checking]. Arrest of bleeding. 
hematischetic (hem"at-is-ket'ik). Checking 
bleeding; styptic. 
hemato-, haemato- [Gr. alpa, alparos blood]. A 
prefix denoting some relationship to the blood. 
hemato-aerometer (hem"at-o-a-er-om'et-er). 
Hemataerometer. 
hematobium, haematobium (hem-at-o'be-um), 
pl. hemato'bia [Gr. alpa blood 4- fdlos life]. Any 
organism that lives in the blood, especially an 
animal microorganism. 
hematoblast (hem'at-o-blast) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
ffXavTos germ], A cell or mass from which a red 
blood-corpuscle is developed, whether found in 
the blood or in a hematopoietic tissue; called also 
erythrogonium and proerythroblast. 
hematocatharsis (hem"at-o-kath-ar'sis) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- KaOapats purging]. The ridding of the 
blood of toxic substances; blood-lavage. 
hematocele (hem'at-o-sel) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
tumor]. An effusion of blood into a cavity, espe- 
cially into the tunica vaginalis testis, parametric 
h., pelvic h., retro-uterine h., a tumor formed 
by effusion of blood into Douglas' pouch. pu- 
dendal h., a sanguineous tumor in a labium of 
the pudenda, scrotal h., effusion of blood into 
the tissues of ^the scrotum or into the tunica 
vaginalis testis. 
hematocelia, hematocoelia (hem"at-o-se'le-ah) 
[Gr. alpa blood 4- KoCXia cavity]. Effusion of 
blood into the peritoneal cavity. 
hematocephalus (hem"at-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- KetpaXi) head]. A fetus born with a head 
distended with blood. 
hematochezia (hem"at-o-ke'ze-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- X^^v to go to stool]. The passage of bloody 
stools. 
hematochlorin (hem"at-o-klo'rin) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ x^wpos green]. A green coloring-matter occur- 
ring in the placenta and derived from hemo- 
globin. 
hematochromatosis (hem"at-o-kro-mat-o'sis) [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- xp&pa color]. Staining of the tissues 
with blood-pigment. 
hematochyluria (hem"at-o-ki-lu're-ah) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- xoXbs chyle 4- ovpov urine]. The dis- 
charge of blood and chyle with the urine, due to 
Fila'ria san''guinis-hom'inis. 
hematocolpos (hem"at-o-kol'pos) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- koXttos vagina]. An accumulation of blood or 
menses in the vagina. 
hematocrit, hematocrite (hem'at-o-krit) [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- Kplveiv to separate]. A centrifuge 
for separating the corpuscles from the liquor san- 
guinis. 
hematocryal (hem-at-ok're-al) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
Kpvos cold]. Cold-blooded. 
hematocrystallin (hem"at-o-kris'tal-in) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- KpvaraXXos crystal]. Same as hemoglobin. 
hematocyanin (hem"at-o-si'an-in) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- Kvavos blue]. A substance allied to hemo- 
globin occurring in the blood of certain inverte- 
brates. It is blue in color and contains copper 
instead of iron. 
hematocyst (hem'at-o-sist) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
Kbarts bladder]. An effusion of blood into the 
bladder or into a cyst. 
hematocystis (hem"at-o-sis'tis). Hematocyst. 
hematocyte (hem'at-o-sit) [Gr. alpa blood 4- kvtos 
cell]. Any blood-corpuscle or blood-cell. 
hematocytoblast (hem"at-o-si'to-blast) [Gr. alua 
blood 4- kvtos cell 4- ^Xaaros germ]. Same as 
myeloblast. 
hematocytolysis (hem"at-o-si-tol'is-is) [hemato- 
cyte 4- Gr. Xuais solution]. Dissolution and dis- 
integration of blood-corpuscles. 
hematocytometer (hem"at-o-si-tom'et-er) [hem- 
atocyte + Gr. perpov measure]. Same as hemat- 
imeter. 
hematocytozoon (hem"at-o-si-to-zo'on) [hemato- 
cyte -|- Gr. $Qov animal]. A parasite inhabiting 
the blood-cells. The term Hemacytozoa is the 
name of an order of sporozoa including the 
parasites of intermittent fever. H. mala'riae, 
the Plasmodium malarice. 
hematocyturia (hem"at-o-si-tu're-ah) [hemato- 
cyte + Gr. ovpov urine]. The occurrence of 
blood-corpuscles in the urine. 
hematodynamometer (hem"at-o-di-nam-om'et- 
er). Same as hemadynamometer. 
hematodystrophy (hem"at-o-dis'tro-fe) [Gr. alpa 
blood + 3 vs difficult + Tpo<pr) nutrition]. Any dis- 
ordered condition of blood nutrition; 
hemato-ethroidin (hem"at-o-eth-roi'din). A 
preparation from the blood of an animal deprived 
of its thyroid gland: used in the treatment of 
hyperthyroidism. 
hematogen (hem-at'o-jen) [Gr. alpa blood + yev- 
vav to produce], i. A yellow iron powder derived 
from the blood: therapeutic. 2. A liquid prepa- 
ration of iron citrate, acetic acid, and albumin: 
given for anemia, tuberculosis, and rickets. 
Dose, 1-4 dr. (4-16 c.c.). 3. A proprietary prepa- 
ration of blood-plasma, glycerin, and wine: used 
for anemia, rickets, and tuberculosis. Dose, 1-6 
dr. (4-24 c.c.). 4. A protein substance in the yolk 
of egg that contains iron. 
hematogenesis (hem"at-o-jen'es-is) [hemato- + 
genesis]. The production of blood. 
hematogenic, hematogenous (hem"at-o-jen'ik, 
hem-at-oj'en-us). 1. Produced in the blood, or 
derived from the blood. 2. Producing blood. 
hematoglobin (hem"at-o-glo'bin). Hemoglobin, 
hematoglob inur ia (hem"at-o-glo-bin-u're-ah). 
Same as hemoglobinuria. 
hematoglobulin (hem"at-o-glob'u-lin). The name 
given by Y. Berzelius to hemoglobin. 
hematogonia (hem"at-o-go'ne-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ yowf) generation]. Same as myeloblast. 
hematohidrosis (hem"at-o-hid-ro'sis). See hem- 
atidrosis. 
hematohiston (hem"at-o-his'ton). The globin 
of the blood. 
hematohyaloid (hem"at-o-hi'al-oid) [Gr. alpa 
blood + hyaline}. The hyaline matter formed by 
degeneration of thrombi through conglutination of 
the red corpuscles or blood-platelets. 
hematoid (hem'at-oid) [Gr. alpa blood + elbos 
form]. Resembling blood. 
hematoidin (hem-at-oid'in). A yellow-brown, 
crystalline substance, C16H18N2O3, from blood- 
clots. 
hematokolpos (hem-at-o-kol'pos). See hemato- 
colpos. 
hematokrit (hem'at-o-krit). See hematocrit. 
hematol (hem'at-ol). A therapeutic preparation 
of sterilized hemoglobin, glycerin, and brandy. 
hematolin (hem-at-o'lin). A compound, C68H78- 
O7Ns, from hematin. 
hematolith (hem'at-o-lith). Hemolith. 
hematologist (hem-at-ol'o-jist). A specialist in 
the study of the blood. 
hematology (hem-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
Xbyos discourse]. The sum of what is known re- 
garding the blood. 
hematolymphangioma (hem"at-o-lim"fan-je-o'- 
mah) [Gr. blood 4- L. lym' pha lymph + Gr. 
ayyeiov vessel]. A tumor composed of blood- 
vessels and lymph-vessels. 
hematolysis (hem-at-ol'is-is) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
Xvetv to dissolve]. The disintegration and de- 
generation of the blood. 
HEMATOLYSIS hemato lytic (hem-at-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to or 
causing a degeneration of the blood. 
hematoma (hem-at-o'mah), pl. hemato'mata [Gr. 
alpa blood + -u>pa tumor]. A tumor containing 
effused blood, h. au'ris, a blood tumor of the 
perichondrium of the ear. It is seen in insanity, 
and is sometimes called insane ear. dural h., a 
circumscribed subdural effusion of the blood occur- 
ring in layers, pelvic h., an effusion of blood 
into the pelvic cellular tissue, retro-uterine 
h., an effusion of blood into the connective tissue 
behind the uterus. 
hematomancy, hematomanteia (hem'at-o-man- 
se, hem"at-o-man-te'ah) [Gr. alpa blood 4- pavreta 
divination]. Diagnosis by examination of the 
blood. 
hematomanometer (hem"at-o-man-om'et-er). 
Sphygmomanometer. 
hematomediastinum (hem"at-o-me-de-as-ti'- 
num) [hemato- 4- mediastinum]. An effusion of 
blood in the mediastinum. 
hematometer (hem-at-om'e-ter) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- perpov measure]. i. A hemometer. 2. A 
hemadynamometer. 
hematometra (hem"at-o-me'trah) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- prjrpa uterus]. An accumulation of blood in 
the uterus. 
hematometry (hem-at-om'et-re) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- perpov measure]. Measurement of the hemo- 
globin and estimation of the percentage of the 
various cells in the blood. 
hematomole (hem-at'o-mol). Same as Breus' mole. 
See under mole. 
Hematomonas (hem-at-om'on-as) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- povas monad]. A genus of protozoan parasites 
living in the blood. 
hematomphalocele (hem"at-om-fal'o-sel) [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- omphalocele]. An umbilical hernia 
containing blood. 
hematomyelia (hem"at-o-mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- pveXos marrow]. An effusion of blood 
within or upon the spinal cord. 
hematomyelitis (hem"at-o-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- myelitis]. Acute myelitis with bloody 
effusion. 
hematomy elopore (hem"at-o-mi'el-o-por) [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- pveXbs marrow 4- tropos opening], 
A disease marked by the formation of canals 
in the spinal cord, due to hemorrhage. 
hematone (hem'at-bn). A proprietary tonic con- 
taining blood-iron, albuminates, hydrastis, nux 
vomica, etc. 
hematonephrosis (hem"at-o-nef-ro'sis). Same as 
hemonephrosis. 
hematonic (hem-at-on'ik). A blood tonic. 
hematopan (hem-at'o-pan) [Gr. alpa blood 4- L. 
pan'is bread]. A proprietary nutrient prepara- 
tion of blood and malt. 
hematopathology (hem"at-o-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- pathology]. The study of diseases of 
the blood. 
hematopericardium (hem"at-o-per-ik-ar'de-um). 
[Gr. alpa blood 4- pericardium]. An effusion of 
blood within the pericardium. 
hematoperitoneum (hem"at-o-per-it-o-ne'um). 
Hemoperitoneum. 
hematopexin (hem"at-o-peks'in). Same as hemo- 
pexin. 
hematopexis (hem"at-o-peks'is). Same as hemo- 
pexis. 
hematophagia (hem"at-o-fa'je-ah) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4* tpayeiv to eat], i. Blood-drinking. 2. 
The act of subsisting on the blood of another ani- 
mal. 3. The taking up or digestion of red blood- 
corpuscles by phagocytic cells. 
hematophagous (hem-at-of'ag-us) [Gr. alpa blood 
4* tpayeiv to eat]. Eating or subsisting on blood. 
hematophagy (hem-at-of'aj-e). Hematophagia. 
HE MATO LYTIC 
491 
hematophilia (hem-at-o-fil'e-ah). See hemophilia. 
hematophobia (hem"at-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ <p60os fear], i. Morbid dread of the sight of 
blood. 2. Prejudice against venesection. 
hematophyte (hem'at-o-fit) [Gr. alpa blood + 
(pvrov plant]. Any microscopic plant organism or 
species living in the blood. 
hematoplania (hem"at-o-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4* TrXavr) wandering]. Vicarious menstru- 
ation. 
hematoplast (hem'at-o-plast). Same as hemato- 
blast. 
hematoplastic (hem"at-o-plas'tik) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ irXaaffeiv to mold]. Concerned in the elabo- 
ration of the blood. 
hematopneic (hem-at-o-ne'ik) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
irveiv to breathe]. Pertaining to the oxygenation 
of the blood. 
hematopoiesis (hem"at-o-poi-e'sis) [Gr. aqua blood 
+ iroteiv to make]. The formation or production 
of blood from the food and lymph-products. 
hematopoietic (hem"at-o-poi-et'ik) [Gr. aqua blood 
+ iroteiv to make]. Pertaining to or taking part 
in the formation of blood. 
hematopoietin (hem"at-o-poi'e-tin). Hemopoie- 
tin. 
hematoporphyria (hem"at-o-por-fi're-ah). A 
condition marked by enormous quantity of hema- 
toporphyrin in the urine, sensitiveness of the skin 
to light, vomiting, and intestinal disturbance. 
hematoporphyrin (hem"at-o-por'fir-in) [Gr. alpa 
blood + irop<pvpa purple]. Hematin deprived 
of its iron, C68H71NsOi3; iron-free hematin. It 
is a product of the decomposition of hemoglobin, 
and is seen in the urine after destruction of the 
red blood-corpuscles. 
hematoporphyrinuria (hem"at-o-por"fir-in-u'- 
re-ah). The occurrence of hematoporphyrin in 
the urine: it may be due to the misuse of sul- 
phontd. 
hematopurphyroidin (hem"at-o-por-fi-roi'din). A 
product of the decomposition of hematoporphyrin. 
hematoposia (hem"at-o-po'ze-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- ito<tis draft]. The drinking of blood as a thera- 
peutic measure. 
hematopo sterna (hem-at-o-pos-te'mah). An ab- 
scess containing extravasated blood. 
Hematopota (hem-at-op'o-tah). A genus of 
tabanid flies. H. ital'ica and H. pluvia'lis are com- 
mon in Europe. 
hematorachis, hemorachis (hem-at-or'a-kis, 
hem-or'a-kis) [Gr. alpa blood + pa%i$ spine]. 
Hemorrhage into the vertebral canal. 
hematorrhea (hem"at-or-re'ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- poia flow]. A free or copious hemorrhage. 
hematosalpinx (hem"at-o-sal'pinks) [Gr. alpa 
blood + aaXiriv^ tube]. A collection of blood in 
an oviduct. 
hematoscheocele (hem-at-os'ke-o-sel) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- baxw scrotum + tumor], A col- 
lection of blood within the scrotum. 
hematoscope (hem'at-o-skop) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
ffKoirciv to see]. An instrument for the optical 
or spectroscopic examination of the blood. 
hematoscopy (hem-at-os'ko-pe) [see hematoscope]. 
The inspection of the blood, as with a spectro- 
scope. 
hematosepsis (hem"at-o-sep'sis) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ fffppis putrefaction]. The same as septicemia. 
hematosin (hem-at-o'sin). See hematin. 
hematosis (hem-at-o'sis) [Gr. alpa blood]. The 
formation of the blood; also its arterialization, 
or aeration, in the lungs. 
hematospectrophotometer (hem"at-o-spek"- 
tro-fo-tom'et-er). A spectrophotometer for deter- 
mining the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. 
hematospectroscope (hem"at-o-spek'tro-skop) 
HEMATOSPECTROSCOPE [Gr. alpa blood 4- spectroscope]. A form of spec- 
troscope for examining thin layers of blood. 
hematospectroscopy (hem"at-o-spek-tros'ko-pe) 
[Gr. alpa blood + spectroscopy]. The spectro- 
scopic examination of the blood. 
hematospermatocele (hem"at-o-sper-mat'o-sel) 
[Gr. alpa blood + aireppa seed 4- KyXy tumor]. 
A spermatocele containing blood. 
hematospermia (hem"at-o-sper'me-ah) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- a-Keppa seed]. The discharge of bloody 
semen. 
hematospherinemia (hem"at-o-sfe-rin-e'me-ah) 
[Gr. alpa blood 4* a<paipa sphere 4- alpa blood]. 
Hemoglobinemia. 
Hematosporidia (hem"at-o-spo-rid'e-ah). A 
suborder of Sporozoa which contains the parasite 
of malaria. 
hematostatic (hem"at-o-stat'ik) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- araats standing]. Due to, or characterized by, 
stagnation of the blood. 
hematosteon (hem-at-os'te-on) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
bvTeov bone]. Hemorrhage into the medullary 
cavity of a bone. 
hematotherapy (hem'/at-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- therapy]. Treatment by means of blood 
or blood preparations. 
hematothermal (hem"at-o-ther'mal) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- Oeppy heat]. Having warm blood. 
hema to thorax (hem"at-o-tho'raks). See hemo- 
thorax. 
hematothyroidin (hem"at-o-thi-roi'din). A pro- 
prietary preparation from the blood of thyroidec- 
tomized animals: used in exophthalmic goiter 
hematotic (hem-at-ot'ik). Pertaining to hematosis. 
hematotoxic (hem"at-o-toks'ik) [hemato- 4- toxic]. 
Pertaining to blood-poisoning. 
hematotoxin (hem"at-o-tok'sin). Same as hem- 
atoxin. 
hematotrachelos (hem-at-o-trak-e'los) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- rpaxyXos neck]. Distention of the cervix 
of the uterus with blood owing to atresia of the 
vagina. 
hematotympanum (hem"at-o-tim'pan-um) [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- tympanum]. A hemorrhagic exu- 
dation into the drum-cavity of the ear. 
hematoxic (hem-at-oks'ik). See hematotoxic. 
hematoxin (hem-at-oks'in). i. Same as hemo- 
lysin. 2. A semivalent diphtheria toxin. 
hematoxylin (hem-at-oks'il-in). A crystalline stain, 
Ci6H14O0, derived from logwood. Delafield's 
h., a staining fluid: hematoxylin, 4 gm.; pure 
alcohol, 25 c.c.; ammonia alum, 52 gm.; water, 
400 c.c.; glycerin, 100 c.c.; methyl alcohol, 100 c.c. 
hematoxylon (hem-at-oks'il-on). See Hcema- 
toxylon. 
hematozemia (hem"at-o-ze'me-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- £ypia loss]. A gradual loss of blood. 
hematozoic (hem"at-o-zo'ik). Inhabiting the blood: 
said of parasites. 
hematozobn (hem"at-o-zo'on), pl. hematozo'a [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- £Qov animal]. Any animal organism 
or species that lives in the blood. H. mala'- 
riae, the parasite of intermittent fever, known as 
Plasmodium malarice. 
hematozymosis (hem"at-o-zi-mo'sis) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- ^vpmats fermentation]. Fermentation 
of the blood. 
hematropin (hem-at'ro-pin). A proprietary fluid 
hemoglobin preparation. 
hematuresis (hem"at-u-re'sis). Same as hematuria. 
hematuria (hem-at-u're-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
ovpov urine]. The discharge of bloody urine, 
angioneurotic h., essential renal h. See 
GuU's renal epistaxis, under epistaxis, endemic 
h., bilharziasis of the bladder. 
hema-urochrome (hem"ah-u'ro-kr6m) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- urochrome]. A substance found in the 
urine in such diseases as carcinoma and sarcoma, 
H EMATOSPECTROSCOPY 
492 
and thought to be a derivative of hematin from 
blood destruction. 
hemautograph (hem-aw'to-graf) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- avrbs self + 7pay>eii' to write]. A tracing made 
by an arterial blood-jet. 
hemautography (hem-aw-tog'raf-e). The forma- 
tion of a hemautograph. 
hembra (hem'brah). The ulcerative type of dermal 
leishmaniasis. 
hemelytrometra lateralis (hem-e-lit-ro-me'trah 
lat-er-a'lis) [Gr. alpa blood + eXvrpov sheath + 
pyrpa womb]. Accumulation of menstrual blood 
in a pouch formed by the rudimentary half of a 
double vagina. 
hemendothelioma (hem"en-do-the-le-o'mah). A 
form of endothelioma made up of vessels that 
contain proliferated endothelium: probably caused 
by the proliferation of vascular endothelium. 
Hementa'ria officinalis. The leech commonly 
used in Mexico and Central America for thera- 
peutic purposes. 
hemeralope (hem'er-al-6p). A person affected with 
hemeralopia. 
hemeralopia (hem"er-al-o'pe-ah) [Gr. ypepa day 
+ aXaos blind + eye], i. Day-blindness: 
2. [Gr. rjpepa day + eye.] Night-blindness; 
nyctalopia; a condition in which the patient sees 
worse at night or in a dim light than his normal 
vision would seem to warrant. 
hemerythrin (hem-er'ith-rin) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ IpvQpos red]. The coloring-matter of the blood of 
earthworms which is contained in the plasma. 
hemesia (hem-e'se-ah). A proprietary quinin and 
urea hydrochlorid preparation: used as a local anes- 
thetic. 
hemetaboly (hem-et-ab'o-le) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
metaboly], The metabolism of blood elements. 
hemi- [Gr. rjpi- half]. A prefix signifying one-half, 
hemiablepsia (hem"e-ab-lep'se-ah). Same as 
hemianopsia. 
hemiacardius (hem"e-ak-ar'de-us) [Gr. npc- half 
+ a neg. + Kapbia heart]. One of twin fetuses 
in which only a part of the circulation is accom- 
plished by its own heart. 
hemiacephalus (hem"e-as-ef'al-us) [Gr. f/pt- half 
+ a neg. + KetpaXy head]. A monster-fetus 
whose head is represented by a shapeless mass. 
hemiachromatopsia (hem"e-ak-ro-mat-op'se-ah) 
[hemi- 4- achromatopsia]. Color-blindness in one- 
half, or in corresponding halves, of the visual field, 
hemiageusia, hemiageustia (hem"e-ah-gu'ze-ah, 
hem"e-ah-gus'te-ah) [Gr. ypi- half 4- a not + 
y eva is taste]. Loss or absence of the sense of 
taste on one side of the tongue. 
hemialbumin (hem"e-al-bu'min) [hemi- + albu- 
min]. Same as anti-albumin. 
hemialbumose (hem-e-al'bu-mos). A crystalliz- 
able product of the digestion of certain proteins; 
normally found in bone-marrow, and occurring 
in the urine of osteomalacia and diphtheria. 
hemialbumosuria (hem-e-al-bu-mo-su're-ah) 
[hemialbumose + Gr. ovpov urine]. The pres- 
ence of hemialbumose in the urine; propepton- 
uria. 
hemialgia (hem-e-al'je-ah) [Gr. npi- half 4- aXyos 
pain]. Neuralgia on one side only. 
hemiamaurosis (hem-e-am-aw-ro'sis). Hemian- 
opsia. 
hemiamblyopia (hem"e-am-ble-o'pe-ah) [hemi- 
+ amblyopia]. Impairment of the visual power 
of one-half of the retina. 
hemiamyosthenia (hem"e-ah-mi-os-the'ne-ah) 
[Gr. rjpi- half 4- a not + pvs muscle + aOevos 
strength]. Lack of muscular power on one side 
of the body. 
hemianacusia (hem"e-an-ak-u'ze-ah) [Gr. ypi- 
half + av- not + aKovala hearing]. Loss of hear- 
ing on one side. 
HEMIANACUSIA HEMIANALGESIA 
493 
HEMIGLOSSAL 
hemianalgesia (hem"e-an-al-je'ze-ah) [hemi- 4- 
analgesia]. Analgesia of one side of the body. 
hemianesthesia (hem"e-an-es-the'ze-ah) [hemi- 
4- anesthesia]. Anesthesia of either lateral half 
of the body, alternate h., crossed h., anes- 
thesia of one side of the head and of the oppo- 
site side of the body, cerebral h., that which 
is due to lesion of the internal capsule of the 
lenticular nucleus, mesocephalic h., pontile 
h., that which is due to disease of the pons, 
spinal h., that which is due to a lesion of the 
spinal cord. 
hemianopia, hemianopsia (hem"e-an-o'pe-ah. 
hem"e-an-op'se-ah) [Gr. ppL- half + av priv, 
+ b\pLs vision]. Blindness for one-half the field 
of vision in one or both eyes, absolute h., hemi- 
anopia to light, color, and form, altitudinal h., 
blindness for either the upper or the lower half 
of the field of vision, bilateral h., binocu- 
lar h., hemianopia affecting both eyes, bi- 
nasal h., nasal h., blindness on the nasal side 
of the visual field as to both eyes, bitem- 
poral h., temporal h., blindness on the tempo- 
ral side of the visual field affecting both eyes, 
h. bitemporaTis fu'gax, transient bitemporal 
hemianopia, sometimes seen in syphilitic pa- 
tients. complete h., hemianopia affecting the 
entire half of each eye. crossed h., heterony- 
mous h., binasal or bitemporal hemianopia. 
equilateral h., homonymous h., one which 
affects the nasal half of one eye and the temporal 
half of the other. incomplete h., hemianopia 
affecting less than the entire half of the visual field 
of each eye. relative h., hemianopia to only 
form or color, the light sense being retained, uni- 
lateral h., uniocular h., hemianopia affecting 
but one eye. 
hemianosmia (hem"e-an-oz'me-ah). Loss of the 
sense of smell in one of the nostrils. 
hemiapraxia (hem-e-ah-prak'se-ah) [hemi- 4* 
apraxia). Unilateral apraxia; inability to perform 
coordinated movements on one side of the body. 
hemiarthrosis (hem"e-ar-thro'sis) [hemi- 4- 
arthrosis]. A spurious synchondrosis. 
hemiasynergia (hem"e-as-in-er'je-ah). Asynergia 
affecting one side of the body. 
hemiataxia (hem"e-at-aks'e-ah) [hemi- + ataxia]. 
Ataxia affecting one side of the body. 
hemiataxy (hem-e-at-aks'e). Hemiataxia. 
hemiathetosis (hem"e-ath-et-o'sis) [hemi- 4- 
athetosis]. Athetosis affecting one side of the 
body. 
hemiatrophy (hem-e-at'ro-fe). Atrophy of one 
side of the body or of one-half of an organ or 
part, facial h., atrophy of one lateral half of 
the face: sometimes progressive, and due to a 
nervous disorder, progressive lingual h., 
progressive atrophy of one lateral half of the 
tongue. 
hemiballism (hem-e-bal'izm) [Gr. 57^1 half 4- 
0aXXL<rp.6$ jumping]. Violent jerking and twitch- 
ing movements affecting one side of the body. 
hemibilirubin (hem-e-bil-ir-u'bin). A modified 
bile pigment found in the urine. Possibly a 
urobilinogen. 
hemic (hem'ik) [Gr. alpa blood]. Pertaining to the 
blood. 
hemicanities (hem"e-kan-ish'e-ez). Grayness of 
the hair on one side of the body. 
hemicardia (hem-e-kar'de-ah) [Gr. ppL- half 4- 
Kapbla heart]. Either half of a four-chambered 
heart, h. dex'tra, the right heart, h. sinis'- 
tra, the left heart. 
hemicellulose (hem-e-sel'u-los). A general name 
for various cell wall materials, insoluble in water 
and similar to cellulose. The hemicelluloses are 
not converted into.sugar by diastase, but are read- 
ily hydrolyzed by dilute acids, yielding arabinose, 
xylose, galactose, and mannose. 
hemicentrum (hem-is-en'trum) [hemi- 4- cen- 
trum], Either lateral half of a vertebral cen- 
trum. 
hemicephalia (hem"e-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. ^ut- half 
+ Ke<paXi] head]. Congenital absence of one 
lateral half of the skull. 
hemicephalus (hem-e-sef'al-us) [Gr. ■hpv- half 4- 
KetpaXr) head]. A monster-fetus with only one 
cerebral hemisphere. 
hemicerebrum (hem-e-ser'e-brum) [hemi- + cere- 
brum]. A cerebral hemisphere. 
hemichorea (hem"e-ko-re'ah) [hemi- 4- chorea]. 
Chorea which affects only one side. 
hemichromatopsia (hem"e-kro-mat-op'se-ah) 
[Gr. 7]m- half + chromatopsia], Color-blindness in 
one-half of the visual field. 
hemichromosome (hem-e-kro'mo-som). A body 
formed by the longitudinal division of a chromo- 
some. 
hemicolectomy (hem"e-ko-lek'to-me) [Gr. t)p.l- 
half + colectomy]. Excision of a portion of the 
colon. 
hemicollin (hem-e-kol'in) [Gr. rjpL- half + xoXXa 
glue]. A substance formed by the digestion of 
gelatin. 
hemicrania (hem-ik-ra'ne-ah) [Gr. t/hl- half 4- 
Kpaviov skull], i. Pain or aching in one side of 
the head. 2. Absence of the inferior bones of 
the skull (Galen). 
hemicraniectomy (hem"e-kra-ne-ek'to-me) [Gr. 
hpc- half + k par lop cranium + eKTopp excision]. 
Doye.n's operation of sectioning the vault of the 
skull from before backward, near the median line, 
and forcing the entire side outward, thus expos- 
ing half of the brain. 
hemicranin (hem-ik-ra'nin). A proprietary mix- 
ture of phenacetin, 5 parts; caffein, 1 part; and 
citric acid, 1 part: used in hemicrania. 
hemicraniosis (hem"ik-ra-ne-os'is). A condition 
marked by hyperostosis on one-half of the cra- 
nium or face, with cerebral involvement. 
hemicraniotomy (hem"e-kra-ne-ot'o-me) [Gr. 17/xi- 
half -f- Kpavlov skull + Top.p cut]. Hemi- 
craniectomy. 
Hemidesmus (hem-e-des'mus). A genus of ascle- 
piadaceous plants. The root of H. in'dicus is 
used like sarsaparilla. Dose of syrup, |-i fl.dr. 
(2-4 c.c.). 
hemidiaphoresis (hem"e-di-af-o-re'sis) [hemi- 4- 
diaphoresis]. A sweating of one side of the body. 
hemidrosis (hem-id-ro'sis). See hematidrosis. 
hemidysergia (hem"e-dis-er'je-ah). Dysergia af- 
fecting one side of the body. 
hemidysesthesia (hem"e-dis-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
17/u- half + bva- ill + alaO-qaLS feeling]. A disorder 
of sensation affecting one-half of the body. 
hemidystrophy (hem-e-dis'tro-fe). Unequal de- 
velopment of the two sides of the body. 
hemi-ectromelia (hem"e-ek-tro-me'le-ah). Mon- 
strosity characterized by imperfect limbs on one 
side of the body. 
hemi-elastin (hem-e-e-las'tin). A substance 
formed by the digestion or hydrolysis of elastin. 
hemi-encephalus (hem"e-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. ppL- 
half + eyKeipaXos brain]. A fetus that lacks the 
sense-organs of the brain. 
hemi-epilepsy (hem-e-ep'il-ep-se) [hemi- + epi- 
lepsy]. Epilepsy affecting one-half of the body. 
hemifacial (hem-e-fa'shal). Affecting one-half of 
the face. 
hemigastrectomy (hem"e-gas-trek'to-me). Ex- 
cision of one half of the stomach; especially resec- 
tion of the pyloric pocket in cases of bilocular 
stomach. 
hemigeusia (hem-e-gu'se-ah) [Gr. pp.L- half + 
yevtrLs taste]. Absence of sense of taste on one- 
half of the tongue. 
hemiglossal (hem-e-glos'al) [Gr. -run- half + 
7Xwa<Ta tongue]. Affecting one side of the tongue. HEMIGLOSSITIS 
494 
HEMITERATA 
hemiglossitis (hem"e-glos-i'tis) [Gr. 7)pi- half + 
yXaxroa tongue + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of one lateral half of the tongue. 
hemihidrosis (hem-e-hid-ro'sis) [Gr. f)pi- half + 
iSpcbs sweat]. Sweating on one side of the body. 
hemihypalgesia (hem"e-hi-pal-je'ze-ah). Hypal- 
gesia affecting one lateral half of the body. 
hemihyperesthesia (hem"e-hi"per-es-the'ze-ah) 
[Gr. r)pi- half + hyperesthesia]. Abnormal acute- 
ness of sensation in one lateral half of the body. 
hemihyperidrosis (hem"e-hi-per-id-ro'sis) [Gr. 
ijpi- half + urrep over + 18 pais sweat]. Excessive 
perspiration of one side. 
hemihypermetria (hem"e-hi-per-me'tre-ah). Ex- 
aggerated extension of one-half of a part, as in pro- 
truding of the tongue. 
hemihypertonia (hem"e-hi-per-to'ne-ah) [Gr. r/pi- 
half + inrip over + rbvos tone]. Increased ton- 
icity of the muscles of one side, resulting in tonic 
contractions: sometimes seen after apoplectic 
attacks. Called also hemitonia. 
hemihypertrophy (hem"e-hi-per'tro-fe) [Gr. rjpi- 
half + hypertrophy]. Hypertrophy or over- 
growth of one-half or one side of the body or of 
a part, facial h., hypertrophy of half of the face. 
hemihypesthesia (hem"e-hi-pes-the'ze-ah). Di- 
minished acuteness of sensation on one-half of the 
body. 
hemihypo-esthesia (hem-e-hi-po-es-the'ze-ah). 
Hemihypesthesia. 
hemihypotonia (hem"e-hi-po-to'ne-ah) [Gr. ^pi- 
half-|- biro under + rbvos tone]. Defective tonicity 
of either side of the body. 
hemilaminectomy (hem"e-lam-in-ek'to-me). Re- 
moval of the vertebral laminae on one side only. 
hemilaryngectomy (hem"e-lar-in-jek'to-me). Ex- 
cision of one-half of the larynx. 
hemilateral (hem-e-Iat'er-al). Affecting one-half 
of one side. 
hemilesion (hem-e-le'zhun). A lesion of one side 
of the spinal cord; a unilateral lesion of the cord. 
hemilingual (hem-e-ling'wal) [Gr. ypi- half + 
L. lin'gua tongue]. Affecting one side of the 
tongue. 
hemimelia (hem-e-me'le-ah). A fetus with defect- 
ive limbs. 
hemimelus (hem-im'el-us) [Gr. ypL- half + peXos 
limb]. A fetus or person the distal portions of 
whose limbs are deformed or defective. 
hemin (he'min) [Gr. alpa blood]. The crystalline 
chlorid of hematin, Cj^HjjN^FeCl, of which 
Teichmann's crystals are composed. 
heminal (he'min-al). A soluble brown or black- 
ish powder containing hemoglobin and hematin: 
used in anemia, scrofula, rickets, neurasthenia, 
etc. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
hemineurasthenia (hem"e-nu-ras-the'ne-ah). 
Neurasthenia affecting one side only. 
hemiopalgia (hem"e-op-al'je-ah) [Gr. ypi- half + 
ibxp eye + aXyos pain]. Pain in one side of the 
head and in one eye. 
hemiopia (hem-e-o'pe-ah). 1. Hemianopia (Plenk). 
2. Absence of visual power in one-half of the retina, 
hemiopic (hem-e-op'ik) [Gr. i)pi- half + wp eye]. 
1. Affecting one eye. 2. Pertaining to hemiopia. 
hemipagus (hem-ip'ag-us) [Gr. r/pL- half + jrayos 
union]. Twin fetuses united at the thorax. 
hemiparalysis (hem"e-par-al'is-is). Hemiplegia. 
hemiparanesthesia (hem"e-par-an-es-the'ze-ah) 
[hemi- + Gr. irapa below 4- anesthesia]. Anes- 
thesia of the lower half of one side of the body. 
hemiparaplegia (hem"e-par"ap-le'je-ah) [hemi- 
+ paraplegia]. Paralysis of the lower half of one 
side of the body. 
hemiparesis (hem-e-par'es-is) [hemi- + paresis]. 
Paresis affecting one side. 
hemiparesthesia (hem"e-par-es-the'ze-ah) [hemi- 
+ paresthesia]. Perverted sensation on one side 
of the body. 
hemipeptone (hem-e-pep'tbn) [Gr. rjpi- half + 
peptone]. One of the intermediate products of 
pepsin digestion of* protein. It is formed along 
with antipeptone, and differs from the latter in 
being convertible into amino-acids by trypsin. 
hemiplegia (hem-e-ple'je-ah) [Gr. rjpi- half + 
TrXrjyr) stroke]. Paralysis of one side of the body. 
h. al'ternans hypoglos'sica, hemiplegia due to 
lesion of the hypoglossal nerve on the side opposite 
the paralyzed part, alternate h., that which 
affects a part on one side of the body and another 
part on the opposite side. Called also crossed h. 
ascending h., ascending paralysis of one lateral 
half of the body, cerebral h., that which is due 
to a lesion of the brain, crossed h. See al- 
ternate h. h. crucia'ta, crossed hemiplegia, 
facial h., paralysis of one side of the face, the 
body being unaffected. Gubler's h. See Gub- 
ler's paralysis, under paralysis, hephestic h., a 
hemiplegia, with spasms, peculiar to blacksmiths, 
infantile h., hemiplegia due to cerebral hemor- 
rhage at birth or during intra-uterine life; birth 
palsy, spastic h., hemiplegia, with spasms and 
atrophy: usually infantile, spinal h., a form due 
to a lesion of the spinal cord. 
hemiplegic (hem-e-plej'ik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of hemiplegia. 
hemiprotein (hem-e-pro'te-in) [hemi- + protein]. 
The same as anli-albumin. 
Hemiptera (hem-ip'ter-ah) [Gr. 17/u-half + irrepw 
wing]. An order of insects, including ordinary 
bugs and lice, characterized by having the mouth 
parts adapted to pinching or sucking. 
hemiscotosis (hem"e-sko-to'sis). Blindness of 
one-half of a retina. 
hemisection (hem-e-sek'shun). 1. Bisection. 2. 
A section or cutting of one-half. 
hemiseptum (hem-e-sep'tum). Either half of a 
septum; especially the lamina of the septum 
lucidum. h. auricula're, the lateral half of 
the septum between the auricles of the heart, h. 
cerebri, the lateral half of the septum lucidum 
of the brain, h. ventricula're, the lateral half 
of the septum between the ventricles of the heart. 
hemisine (hem'is-in). A proprietary suprarenal 
gland preparation. 
hemisomnambulism (hem"e-som-nam'bu-lizm). 
Somnambulism in which the subject retains con- 
sciousness and his normal personality. 
hemisomus (hem-e-so'mus) [Gr. r^pL- half + auna 
body]. A monster-fetus with one side of the body 
absent. 
hemispasm (hem'e-spazm). Spasm affecting one 
side only. 
hemisphserium (hem-e-sfe're-um). Hemisphere, 
h. bul'bi ure'three [B N A], one of the lateral 
halves of the bulb of the urethra. 
hemisphere (hem'is-fer) [hemi-[- sphere]. Either 
lateral half of the cerebrum or cerebellum. 
Hemis'pora stella'ta. A fungus found in cases 
of mycosis resembling sporotrichosis. 
hemisporosis (hem-i-spo-ro'sis). A mycosis due to 
infeation with the IIemispora stellata, characterized 
by gummatous swellings in the bones and other 
tissues (Gongerot and Caraven). 
hemisyndrome (hem-e-sin'drom). A syndrome in- 
dicative of a unilateral lesion of the spinal cord. 
hemisystole (hem-e-sis'to-le) [hemi- + systole]. 
Systole of only one ventricle of the heart, result- 
ing in only one pulse-beat for every two beats of 
the heart. 
hemiterata (hem-e-ter'at-ah) [Gr, r/pt- half + 
repas monster], A group of congenitally de- 
formed individuals that cannot be classed as. 
teratisms or monstrosities. HEMITERIC 
495 
HEMOGLOBIN 
hemiteric, hemiteratic (hem-e-ter'ik, hem"e-ter- 
at'it) [Gr. r^pc- half + repas monster]. Congen- 
itally deformed, but not monstrous. 
hemiterpene (hem-e-ter'pen). A terpene having 
the formula CsHs. 
hemithermo-anesthesia (hem"e-ther-mo-an-es- 
the'ze-ah). Insensibility to heat and cold in one 
side of the body. 
hemithyroidectomy (hem"e-thi-roi-dek'to-me). 
Excision of one lobe of the thyroid. 
hemitomias (hem-e-to'me-as) [Gr.]. A half- 
eunuch; a person deprived of one testicle. 
hemitonia (hem-e-to'ne-ah) [Gr. r)pi- half + rovta 
tension]. Same as hemihypertonia. 
hemitoxin (hem-e-toks'in). A toxin whose toxic- 
ity has been reduced to one-half. 
hemitremor (hem-e-tre'mor). Tremor of one side 
of the body. 
hemivagotony (hem-e-va-got'o-ne). Vagotony or 
irritability of the vagus nerve on one side. 
hemlock (hem'lok). 1. Conium. 2. Any fir-tree 
of the genus Tsu'ga, especially T. canaden'sis, 
the source of Canada pitch, of the volatile oil of 
hemlock, and of an astringent extract. 
hemo-, haemo- [Gr. alpa blood], A prefix denot- 
ing some relationship to the blood. 
hemo-agglutination (he"mo-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). 
The agglutination of red blood-cells by the action 
of alien cells. 
hemo-agglutinin (hem"o-ag-lu'tin-in). An ag- 
glutinin which agglutinates red blood-corpuscles. 
hemo-alkalimeter (he"mo-al-kal-im'et-er). An 
instrument for ascertaining the alkalinity of the 
blood. 
hemobilinuria (hem"o-bi-lin-u're-ah) [Gr. alpa 
blood + bilin + Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence 
of urobilin in the blood and urine. 
hemoblast (bem'o-blast) [Gr. alpa blood-1-/3Xaarbs 
germ], 1. A primitive blood-cell; one of the inner 
cells of the angioblast from which the blood-cells 
are developed. Called also mesameboid. 2. A 
blood-platelet. 3. An erythroblast. 
hemocatatonistic (hem"o-kat-ah-to-nis'tik). Les- 
sening the cohesion between the hemoglobin and 
the erythrocytes of the blood. 
hemocelom, hemocoelom (hem-o-se'lom) [hemo- 
+ coelom]. The part of the coelom whence the 
heart is developed. 
hemochromatosis (hem"o-kro-mat-o/sis)[Gr. alpa 
blood + xpcopa color]. A disease characterized 
by pigmentation of the skin and viscera with 
hemosiderin and hemofuscin, producing the con- 
dition known as bronze diabetes. 
hemochrome (hem'o-krom) [Gr. alpa blood + 
XP&pa color]. The coloring-matter of the blood. 
hemochromogen (hem-o-kro'mo-jen) [Gr. alpa 
blood -|- xpwpa color + yevvav to produce]. A 
crystalline coloring-matter, C34H37N4FeO5, de- 
rivable from hemoglobin. It is reduced hematin. 
hemochromometer (hem"o-kro-mom'et-er) [Gr. 
alpa blood + xpwpa color + perpov measure]. An 
instrument for making color-tests of the blood to 
determine the proportion of hemoglobin. 
hemochromometry (hem"o-kro-mom'et-re). The 
measurement of the quantity of hemoglobin in the 
blood. 
hemochromoprotein (hem-o-kro-mo-pro'te-in) 
[Gr. alpa blood + chromoprolein]. A chromopro- 
tein of blood as distinguished from the phyco- 
chromoproteins. 
hemoclasia (he-mo-kla'se-ah). 1. Anaphylactic 
crises in the course of a disease. 2. Food anaphy- 
laxis from personal idios ncrasy. See hemoclastic 
crisis, under crisis. 
hemoclasis (he-mok'las-is) [Gr. alpa blood + 
xXaats destruction], Destruction or dissolution of 
erythrocytes; hemolysis. 
hemoclastic (hem-o-klas'tik). Causing destruc- 
tion or dissolution of erythrocytes, h. crisis. 
See under crisis. 
hemococcidium (hem"o-koks-id'e-um). Same as 
plasmodium. 
hemocoeloma (hem-o-se-lo'mah) [Gr. al/za blood 
+ coiloma]. See hemocelom. 
hemoconia (hem-o-ko'ne-ah). Same as hemokonia. 
hemoconiosis (hem"o-ko-ne-o'sis). Hemokoniosis. 
hemocryoscopy (hem-o-kri-os'ko-pe) [Gr. al/xa 
blood + cryoscopy]. Cryoscopy of the blood. 
hemocrystallin (hem-o-kris'tal-in). Hemoglobin, 
hemoculture (hem'o-kul-tur) [Gr. alpa blood + 
culture]. A bacteriologic culture of the blood. 
hemocyanin (hem-o-si'an-in) [Gr. alpa blood + 
Kvavos blue]. Same as hematocyanin. 
hemocyte (hem'o-sit). Same as hematocyte. 
hemocytoblast (hem-o-si'to-blast) [hemocyte + 
Gr. pXaaros germ]. An embryonic blood cell. 
hemocytogenesis (hem-o-si-to-jen'es-is) [hemocyte' 
+ genesis]. The formation or production of blood- 
corpuscles. 
hemocytology (hem-o-si-tol'o-je) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ kvtos cell + Xbyos treatise]. The study of blood- 
cells. 
hemocytolysis (hem"o-si-tol'is-is) [hemocyte -|- 
Gr. Xuav to dissolve]. The breaking down or de- 
struction of the blood-corpuscles. 
hemocytometer (hem"o-si-tom'et-er). See hem- 
atimeter. 
hemocytotripsis (hem"o-si-to-trip'sis) [hemocyte 
+ Gr. rpl^ecv to rub]. The disintegration of the 
blood-corpuscles by reason of pressure. 
hemocytozobn (hem"o-si-to-zo'on), pl. hemocyto- 
zo'a [Gr. aiMa blood + cytozoon], Any animal 
microparasite inhabiting the blood-cells. 
hemodiagnosis (hem"o-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. alpa 
blood + diagnosis]. Diagnosis by examination 
of the blood, 
hemodiastase (hem-o-di'as-tas) [Gr. alpa blood + 
diastase]. An amylolytic enzyme in the blood. 
hemodromograph (hem-o-drom'o-graf). A re- 
cording hemodromometer. 
hemodromometer (hem"o-dro-mom'et-er) [hemo- 
+ Gr. bpbpos course + meter]. An instrument for 
measuring the speed of the blood-current. 
hemodynamic (hem"o-di-nam'ik). Pertaining to 
the movements involved in the circulation of the 
blood. 
hemodynamics (hem"o-di-nam'iks) [Gr. alpa blood 
T bwapcs power]. The study of the movements of 
the blood and of the forces concerned therein. 
hemodynamometer (hem"o-di-nam-om'et-er). 
See hemadynamometer. 
hemodystrophy (hem-o-dis'tro-fe) [Gr. alpa blood 
■T Sus- bad + rpbtpp nutrition]. Any blood dis- 
ease due to faulty blood nutrition. 
hemoferrogen (hem-o-fer'o-jen). A preparation 
of dried blood: useful in anemia and chlorosis. 
hemoferrum (hem-o-fer'um). Oxyhemoglobin. 
hemoflagellate (hem-o-flaj'el-at). Any flagellate 
protozoan parasite of the blood. 
hemofuscin (hem-o-fus'in) [hemo- + L. fus'cus 
brown]. A brown coloring-matter of the blood, 
derived from the breaking up of hemoglobin. 
hemogallol (hem-o-gal'ol). A preparation of de- 
fib rinated blood and pyrogallol, in a dark-red 
powder: a hematinic. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
hemogenesis (hem-o-jen'es-is). Hematogenesis. 
hemogenic (hem-o-jen'ik). See hematogenic. 
hemoglob ic (hem-o-glo'bik). Producing or con- 
taining hemoglobin. 
hemoglobin (hem-o-glo'bin) [hemo- + globin]. 
The coloring-matter of the red blood-corpuscles, 
containing iron (Hoppe-Seyler, 1862). It is a red- 
dish, crystalline compound of complex composition, 
consisting of a protein, globin, combined with HEMOGLOBINATED 
496 
HEMOMETER 
hematin. In its ordinary form, oxyhemoglobin, it 
is of a bright-red color and contains oxygen, which 
it readily parts with and becomes reduced h., which 
is of a purple color and absorbs oxygen from the air. 
Hemoglobin is used as a remedy in anemia in doses 
of |-2 gr. (0.033-0.133 gm.). 
hemoglobinated (hem-o-glo'bin-a-ted). Contain- 
ing hemoglobin. 
hemoglobinemia (hem"o-glo-bin-e'me-ah) [hemo- 
globin + Gr. alga blood]. The abnormal pres- 
ence of hemoglobin in the plasma of the blood. 
hemoglobinocholia (hem"o-glo"bin-o-ko'le-ah) 
[hemoglobin + Gr. xoXf/ bile]. The occurrence 
of hemoglobin in the bile. 
hemoglobinolysis (hem-o-glo-bin-ol'is-is) [hemo- 
globin + Gr. Xvais dissolution]. Splitting up of 
hemoglobin. 
hemoglob inometer (hem"o-glo-bin-om'et-er) 
[hemoglobin + meter]. An instrument for' meas- 
uring the hemoglobin of the blood. 
hemoglobinopepsia (hem-o-glo"bin-o-pep'se-ah) 
[hemoglobin + Gr. ir&fis digestion]. Hemoglobin- 
olysis. 
hemoglobinophilia (hem-o-glo-bin-o-fil'e-ah) 
[hemoglobin + Gr. ipiXeiv to love]. Fondness for 
hemoglobin. 
hemoglobinophilic (hem-o-glo"bin-o-fil'ik). Liv- 
ing on hemoglobin. 
hemoglobinous (hem-o-glo'bin-us). Containing 
hemoglobin. 
hemoglobinuria (hem"o-glo-bin-u're-ah) [hemo- 
globin + Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence of hemo- 
globin in the urine. It is due to destruction of the 
blood-corpuscles in the vessels or in the urinary 
passages, bovine h., Texas cattle fever. See 
fever. epidemic h., hemoglobinuria of young 
infants: attended with cyanosis, jaundice, etc. 
Called also Winckel's disease and maladie bronzee. 
epidemic h. of cattle, a disease said to be due 
to a microbe, Neisse'ria babe'sii. intermittent 
h., paroxysmal h., a form with recurrent febrile 
paroxysms, malarial h., blackwater fever of hot 
climates, h. of sheep, a disease of sheep marked 
by anemia, icterus, and hemoglobinuria and caused 
by the presence in the blood of Piroplas'ma o'vis. 
Called also icterohematuria, malarial catarrhal fever, 
and heart-water disease, toxic h., that which is 
consequent upon the ingestion of various poisons. 
hemoglobinuric (hem-o-glo-bin-u'rik). Affected 
with hemoglobinuria. 
Hemogregarina (hem"o-greg-ar-i'nah). A genus 
of sporozoan parasites found in the blood-corpuscles 
of reptiles, amphibians, and some warm-blooded 
animals. Part of their life cycle is passed in another 
host, usually an insect. H. bo'vis, a species found 
in Abyssinian oxen. H. ca'nis, a species found 
in the dog (Canis familiaris). Sporogeny occurs 
in the tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). H. fe'lis, 
a species found in the cat (Felis domestica). H. 
mu'ris, a species found in the rat (Mus norvegi- 
cus) and in the white rat. 
hemo id (he'moid). Resembling blood. 
hemokonia (hem-o-ko'ne-ah), pl. hemoko'nice [Gr. 
al. pa blood + kovls dust]. Any one of a very great 
number of small refractive bodies in the blood, 
supposed to be fragments of the blood-corpus- 
cles, collectively called the blood-dust. 
hemokoniosis (hem"o-ko-ne-o'sis). The presence 
of an abnormal amount of hemokoniae in the blood. 
hemol (he'mol). A dark-brown powder prepared 
from hemoglobin by deoxidizing by zinc. It is 
used for anemia. Dose, i|~7i gr. (o.1-0.5 gm.), 
bromated h., a preparation of hemol containing 
2.7 per cent, of bromin. copper-h., hemol con- 
taining 2 per cent, of copper, h. mercuric 
iodid, a preparation of hemol containing mercury 
and iodin: used in syphilis, zinc-h., hemol con- 
taining 1 per cent, of zinc: a brown powder, useful 
in diarrhea, etc. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
hemol-arsenic (he-mol-ar'sen-ik). Same as ar- 
senhemol. 
hemoleukocyte (hem-o-lu'ko-sit). A white blood- 
corpuscle. 
hemoleukocytic (hem-o-lu-ko-si'tik). Pertaining 
to the leukocytes of the blood. 
hemolipase (hem-o-lip'as). A ferment of the blood 
capable of saponifying fats. 
hemolith (hem'o-lith) [Gr. at^a blood + XiOos 
stone], A concretion in the wall of a blood-vessel. 
hemo logy (he-mol'o-je). See hematology. 
hemolutein (hem-o-lu'te-in). A yellow pigment 
from the blood-serum of certain animals. 
hemolymph fhem'o-limf) [Gr. al^a blood + 
lymph], i. Tne blood and lymph. 2. The nu- 
trient fluid, or blood, of certain invertebrates, 
h. glands. See under gland. 
hemolymphocyto toxin (hem"o-lim-fo-si-to-toks'- 
in). A toxin which destroys blood and lymph- 
corpuscles. 
hemolysin (he-mol'is-in) [Gr. aqua blood + Xmls 
dissolution]. A substance which dissolves red 
blood-corpuscles and liberates their hemoglobin. 
Hemolysins may be present naturally in the body 
or they may be formed therein as a result of injec- 
tions of foreign red corpuscles. The hemolysir. 
formed by the injection of blood from the same 
species of animal is called isolysin, isohemolysin, or 
hemolysin, that by the injection from another 
species, a heterolysin; one which destroys cells of 
the animal's own body is an autolysin. immune 
h., a hemolysin made by injecting an animal with 
blood or with blood-corpuscles. 
hemolysinogen (hem-ol-is-in'o-jen). A substance 
in red blood-cells which unites with isohemolysin. 
Human blood contains two hemolysinogens, alpha 
and beta, and their presence or absence determines 
the type of blood. See typing of blood, under blood. 
hemolysis (he-mol'is-is). The dissolution of the 
blood-corpuscles (especially the erythrocytes) by 
the action of specific lysins or hemolysins, by cer- 
tain chemicals, by freezing or heating, or by the 
action of distilled water. Hemolysis consists of the 
separation of the hemoglobin from the corpuscles 
and its appearance in the serum, biologic h., 
hemolysis by lysins produced in animals and 
plants, siderogenous h., portal cirrhosis of 
liver associated with hemochromatosis; bronzed 
diabetes, venom h., hemolysis produced by 
snake-poison. 
hemolysoid (he-mol'is-oid). A hemolysin the toxo- 
phore group of which has been destroyed. It 
is able to unite with the blood-cell, but not to 
destroy it. 
hemolysophilic (hem"o-li-so-fil'ik). Uniting read- 
ily with hemolysin. 
hemolytic (hem-o-lit'ik). Same as hematolytic. 
hemolyzable (hem'o-li-za-bl). Capable of under- 
going hemolysis. 
hemolyzation (hem"ol-is-a'shun). The produc- 
tion of hemolysis. 
hemolyze (hem'ol-iz). To cause hemolysis, 
hemolyzing (hem'ol-i-zing). Producing hemolysis, 
hemomanometer (hem-o-man-om'et-er). A man- 
ometer for determining blood-pressure. 
hemomediastinum (hem"o-me-de-as-ti'num). 
Same as hematomediastinum. 
hemometer (he-mom'et-er) [Gr. alga blood + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the amount of blood, counting its corpuscles, or 
estimating its hemoglobin content. Fleischl's 
h., an instrument for estimating the richness of the 
blood in hemoglobin by comparing the color of a 
stated dilution of the blood with a piece of red 
glass. Gowers' h., an apparatus for comparing 
a definite dilution of a drop of blood with a standard 
solution in order to estimate its hemoglobin per- 
centage. hemometra (hem-o-me'trah) [hemo- + Gr. pyrpa 
womb]. See hematometra. 
hemometry (he-mom'et-re) [Gr. alpa blood + 
per pop measure]. Measurement of the hemo- 
globin or of the number of corpuscles in the blood. 
hemonephrosis (hem"o-nef-ro'sis) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ peippbs kidney]. Presence of blood in the pelvis 
of the kidney. 
hemonervine (hem-o-ner'vin). A nerve- and 
blood-tonic containing calcium phosphoglycer- 
ate, hemoglobin, iron, and strychnin nitrate. 
hemo-opsonin (hem-o-op'so-nin). Same as hem- 
opsonin. 
hemopathology (hem"o-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. alpa 
blood + pathology]. Study of diseases of the blood. 
hemopathy (he-mop'ath-e) [Gr. alpa blood -j- 
Tra0os disease]. Any disease of the blood. 
hemopericardium (hem"o-per-e-kar'de-um). 
Same as hematopericardium. 
hemoperitoneum (hem' o-per-it-o-ne'um) [hemo- 
+ peritoneum]. The presence of extravasated 
blood in the peritoneal cavity. 
hemopexin (hem-o-peks'in)[Gr. alpa blood + irr^is 
fixation]. A ferment which coagulates blood. 
hemopexis (hem-o-peks'is) [Gr. alpa blood + Tribes 
fixation]. Coagulation of blood; the coagula- 
tion time of the blood. 
hemophage (hem'o-faj) [Gr. alpa blood + pay dip 
to eat]. A cell which destroys red blood-cells. 
hemophagocyte (hem-o-fag'o-sit) [hemo- + phago- 
cyte]. A phagocyte which destroys erythrocytes. 
hemophagocytosis (hem-o-fag-o-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
alpa blood + phagocytosis]. The phagocytosis of 
erythrocytes. 
hemophil, hemophile (hem'o-fil, -fil) [Gr. alpa 
blood + piXeip to love]. Loving blood: applied 
to bacteria which thrive in media containing hemo- 
globin. 
hemophilia (hem-o-fil'e-ah) [Gr. alpa blood + 
piXeip to love]. A strong and abnormal tendency 
to bleeding or hemorrhage, usually hereditary 
(Hopf, 1828). h. calcipri'va, hemophilia at- 
tended by a deficiency of calcium in the blood, 
hereditary f., hemophilia inherited from one or 
both parents, h. neonato'rum, purpura in new- 
born children, renal h. See Gull's renal epistaxis, 
under epistaxis, sporadic h., spontaneous hem- 
orrhage in a person who has no hemophilic ancestry. 
hemophiliac (hem-o-fil'e-ak). A person subject to 
hemophilia. 
hemophilic (hem-o-fil'ik) [Gr. alpa blood + piXeiP 
to love]. 1. Fond of blood; living in blood. 2. 
Pertaining to hemophilia or to hemophiliacs. 
Hemophilus (hem-of'il-us) [Gr. alpa blood + 
piXeip to love]. A genus of bacterial organ- 
isms which are strictly parasitic. They are 
minute, pleomorphic, Gram-negative, non-motile 
rods growing best (or only) in the presence of 
hemoglobin, h. of Ducrey, a minute form found 
in the lesions of chancroid and probably causing 
the same. Called also Ducrey's bacillus, and 
Bacillus ulceris mollis. H. influen'zse, the species 
found in cases of influenza, in various other dis- 
eases, and in normal persons. It is possibly the 
cause of influenza. Called also influenza bacillus 
and Pfeifer's b. h. of Koch-Weeks, an organ- 
ism closely resembling Hemophilus influenzae which 
is found in the conjunctival sac and probably 
causes an acute contagious conjunctivitis known 
as pink-eye. Called also Bacillus egyptiacus, 
bacillus of pink-eye, Weeks' bacillus, and Bacterium 
egyptiacus. H. lacuna'tus. See Hemophilus of 
Morax-Axenfeld. H. of Morax-Axenfeld, an 
organism found in cases of subacute conjunctivitis. 
It is a short, thick, oval rod and probably the cause 
of the conjunctivitis. Called also Bacillus duplex, 
B. lacunatus, and bacillus of Morax-Axenfeld. H. 
pertus'sis, a small organism resembling Hemoph- 
ilus influenzae which is found in cases of pertussis 
HEMOMETRA 
497 
and possibly the cause of the disease. Called also 
Bordet's bacillus, Bordet-Gengou's b., Bacillus per- 
tussis, and B. tussis convulsive. 
hemophobia (hem-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. alpa blood + 
(pofios fear]. Fear of blood, either dread of the 
sight of blood or dread of bleeding. 
hemophoric (hem-o-for'ik) [Gr. alpa blood + <pbpos 
bearing]. Carrying or conveying blood. 
hemophotograph (hem-o-fo'to-graf). A photo- 
graph of blood-corpuscles. 
hemophthalmia, hemophthalmus (hem-of- 
thal'me-ah, hem-of-thal'mus) [Gr. alpa blood -|- 
6<p0aXpbs eye]. An extravasation of blood within 
the eye. 
hemophthisis (he-mof'this-is) [Gr. alpa blood + 
<p0 la is wasting]. Anemia due to insufficient 
nutrition of blood-cells. 
hemopiezometer (hem"o-pi-e-zom'et-er) [Gr. alpa 
blood + Trleats pressure + per pop measure]. Any 
apparatus for measuring blood-pressure. 
Hemopis (hem'o-pis). A genus of leech which 
enters a horse's nose while drinking and attaches to 
the mucous membrane. 
hemoplasmodium (hem"o-plaz-mo'de-um). The 
plasmodium of a blood parasite. 
hemoplastic (hem-o-plas'tik) [Gr. alpa blood + 
TrXaaaeip to form]. Concerned in the elaboration 
of the blood; hematoplastic. 
hemoplastin (hem-o-plas'tin). A proprietary prep- 
aration of prothrombin and antithrombin: used 
by intravenous injection as a hemostatic. 
hemopneumopericardium (hem"o-nu-mo-per-e- 
kar'de-um). Pneumopericardium with hemor- 
rhagic effusion. 
hemopneumothorax (hem"o-nu-mo-tho'raks). 
Hemothorax and pneumothorax together. 
hemopoiesis (hem"o-poi-e'sis). Hematopoiesis, 
hemopoietic (hem-o-poi-et'ik). Hematopoietic, 
hemopoietin (hem-o-poi-e'tin) [Gr. alpa blood + 
iroieip to make]. A supposed substance in the 
blood-serum of anemic animals which stimulates 
the bone-marrow to increased reproduction. 
hemoprecipitin (hem"o-pre-sip'it-in). A blood 
precipitin. 
hemoproctia (hem-o-prok'she-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ TrpuKTos anus]. Hemorrhage from the rectum. 
Hemoproteus (hem-o-pro'te-us). A genus of 
sporozoa parasitic in the blood-corpuscles of birds. 
H. colum'bae, a sluggishly ameboid organism 
found in the red blood-cells of doves. Its in- 
vertebrate host is a biting fly (Lynchia maura or 
L. lividocolor. Other species are: II. danilews'kyi, 
found in the crow [Corvus cornix); H. noc'tue, found 
in the little owl (Glaucidium noctue); H. pas'- 
seris, found in the blood of the sparrow. 
hemopsonin (hem-op-so'nin [Gr. alpa blood + 
opsonin]. An opsonin which acts on red blood- 
corpuscles to render them susceptible of destruc- 
tion by other cells. 
hemoptysis (hem-op'tis-is) [Gr. alpa blood+ 7rrueip 
to spit]. The spitting of blood, cardiac h., that 
due to disturbed arterial tension in persons with 
heart disease, endemic h. See tochil. para- 
sitic h., a disease caused by infection of the lungs 
with Parago'nimus westerman'ii. It is marked by 
cough and spitting of blood and by gradual de- 
terioration of health. Called also pulmonary 
distomatosis and lung-fluke disease, vicarious 
h., that which occurs instead of a menstruation. 
hemopyrrol (hem-o-pir'rol). A mixture of sub- 
stituted pyrrols produced by the reduction of 
hematoporphyrin. 
hemoquinin (hem-o-kwin'in). A preparation of 
iron, manganese, quinin, and arsenic: used in 
chlorosis and malarial cachexia. 
hemorrhage, haemorrhage (hem'or-aj) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- prjypvpai to burst orth]. A copious es- 
cape of blood from the vessels; bleeding, acci- 
HEMORRHAGE HEMORRHAGENIC 
498 
HEMYPNONE 
dental h., hemorrhage during pregnancy, due to 
premature detachment of the placenta, arterial 
h., the escape of blood from an artery or a 
ruptured aneurysm, bronchial h., hemopty- 
sis. capillary h., the oozing of blood from 
the minute vessels. capsuloganglionic h., 
hemorrhage into the basal ganglia and internal 
and external capsule of the brain. cerebral 
h., a hemorrhage into the cerebrum or occur- 
ring within the cranium. Cerebral hemor- 
rhages are classed as dural, meningeal, supra- 
dural, epidural, subdural, etc. concealed h., 
hemorrhage without escape of blood from the 
body, consecutive h., that which does not 
directly follow an injury, critical h., that which 
marks the crisis of a disease, essential h., 
one not due to an injury, external h., one in 
which blood escapes from the body. gas- 
tric h., hematemesis. gravitating h., 
hemorrhage into the spinal canal, in which the 
blood settles to the lower part of the canal from 
the force of gravity, intermediary h. Same 
as recurring h. internal h., hemorrhage 
in which the extravasated blood remains within 
the body, intestinal h., hemorrhage from the 
bowels, intrapartum h., hemorrhage oc- 
curring during parturition, nasal h., epistaxis, 
parenchymatous h., capillary hemorrhage into 
the substance of an organ, h. per rhexin, 
hemorrhage from rupture of a blood-vessel, pe- 
techial h., hemorrhage that occurs in minute 
points beneath the skin, postpartum h., that 
which occurs soon after labor or childbirth, pri- 
mary h., that which occurs as an immediate result 
of an injury. pulmonary h., hemoptysis, 
punctate h., spots of blood effused into the tis- 
sues from capillary hemorrhage, recurring h., 
that which has been once stopped by clots, but 
returns after the period of reaction, the clots being 
displaced by the blood-current, renal h., hema- 
turia. secondary h., that which follows an acci- 
dent or injury after a considerable lapse of time, 
spontaneous h., the bleeding of hemophilia, 
unavoidable h., that which results from the de- 
tachment of a placenta praevia. venous h., the 
escape of blood from a wounded vein, vicarious 
h., a discharge of blood from any part in conse- 
quence of the suppression of a discharge from 
another part. 
hemorrhagenic (hem-o-raj-en'ik) [hemorrhage 4- 
Gr. yev- to produce]. Causing hemorrhage. 
hemorrhagic (hem-or-aj'ik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by hemorrhage. 
hemorrhagin (hem-o-ra'jin A cytolysin existing 
in certain venoms and poisons, such as snake 
venom and ricin, which is destructive to endo- 
thelial cells and blood-vessels. 
hemorrhagiparous (hem-o-raj-ip'ar-us) [hemor- 
rhage 4- L. parere to produce]. Causing hemor- 
rhage. 
hemorrhaphilia (hem"or-af-il'e-ah). Hemophilia, 
hemorrhea, hemorrhoea (hem-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
alpa blood 4- pola flow]. A copious discharge of 
blood. 
hemorrhoid (hem'or-oid) [Gr. alpoppols]. A pile, 
or vascular tumor of the rectal mucous mem- 
brane (Hippocrates), external h's, hemorrhoids 
situated outside the sphincter ani. internal h's, 
hemorrhoids situated within the sphincter ani. 
lingual h., a swelling of certain veins at the 
root of the tongue. 
hemorrhoidal (hem-or-oid'al). Pertaining to, or 
of the nature of, hemorrhoids. 
hemorrhoidectomy (hem-o-roi-dek'to-me). Ex- 
cision of hemorrhoids. / 
hemosalpinx (hem-o-sal'pinks). Dilatation of an 
oviduct with blood. 
hemoscope (hem'o-skop). Same as hematoscope. 
hemosiderin (hem-o-sid'er-in) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
albypos iron], 1. A dark yellow pigment con- 
taining iron, found in various phagocytic cells of 
the blood. 2. A preparation containing the iron 
of the blood. 
hemosiderosis (hem-o-sid-er-o'sis). A condition 
in which hemosiderin is deposited in the lobes 
of the liver. It is due to destruction of the blood- 
corpuscles, such as occurs in pernicious anemia, 
etc. 
hemosozic (hem-o-so'zik) [Gr. a Ip a blood + 
to save]. Preventing hemolysis; antihemolytic. 
hemosozin (hem-o-so'zin). An antiserum that 
hinders hemolysis. 
hemospasia (hem-o-spa'ze-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
+ viraeiv to draw]. The drawing of blood, espe- 
cially by cupping. 
hemospast (hem'o-spast). A cup or other device 
for drawing blood. 
hemospastic (hem-o-spas'tik). Serving to draw 
or extract blood. 
hemospermia (hem-o-sper'me-ah) [Gr. aqua blood 
+ a Trip pa seed]. A bloody condition of the 
semen. 
Hemosporidia. See Hcemosporidia. 
hemosporidium (hem"o-spor-id'e-um), pl. hemo- 
sporid'ia [Gr. alpa blood + sporidium]. See 
plasmodium. 
hemostasia (hem-o-sta'ze-ah). Hemostasis. 
hemostasis (hem-os'tas-is) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
ardais halt], 1. The arrest of an escape of blood. 
2. The checking of the flow of blood through 
any part or vessel. 
hemostat (hem'o-stat). 1. An apparatus or a medi- 
cine for checking hemorrhage. 2. A proprietary 
remedy for nose-bleed, containing tannin, quinin 
sulphate, lard, and benzoic acid; used extern- 
ally. 
hemostatic (hem-o-stat'ik) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
ararixos standing]. 1. Checking the flow of 
blood. 2. An agent that arrests the flow of 
blood. Martin's h., surgeon's agaric impreg- 
nated with ferric chlorid. 
hemostatin (hem-os'tat-in). 1. A therapeutic ex- 
tract of the thymus gland of calves. 2. Tribrom- 
phenol bismuth. 
hemosterol (hem-os'te-rol). A therapeutic agent 
derived from the flesh of animals. 
hemostix (hem'o-stiks). An instrument for obtain- 
ing a drop of blood for diagnostic purposes. 
hemostyptic (hem-o-stip'tik). Same as hemo- 
static. 
hemotachometer (hem"o-tak-om'et-er) [Gr. alpa 
blood + raxos swiftness 4- perpov measure]. An 
instrument for measuring the swiftness of the 
blood-current. 
hemo therapeutics (hem"o-ther-ap-u'tiks). Hem- 
otherapy. 
hemo therapy (hem-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
Oepaireia treatment]. Treatment of disease by the 
administration of blood. 
hemothorax (hem-o-tho'raks) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
Oupap chest]. A collection of blood in the tho- 
racic cavity. 
hemothymia (hem-o-thi'me-ah) [Gr. alpa blood 
4- Ovpbs anger]. An insane tendency to murder. 
hemotoxic (hem-o-tok'sik) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
ToPpKov poison]. Poisonous to the blood. 
hemo toxin (hem-o-tok'sin). A cytotoxin capable 
of destroying blood-cells. 
hemotropic (hem-o-trop'ik) [Gr. alpa blood 4- 
rpottos a turning]. Same as haptophoric. 
hemo tropin (he-mot'ro-pin). Same as hemopsonin. 
hemotympanum (hem-o-tim'pan-um) [Gr. alpa 
blood 4- tympanum]. Presence of blood in the 
middle ear. 
hemozoon (hem-o-zo'on). Same as hematozobn. 
hemp. See Cannabis, also Apocynum. 
hemypnone (hem-ip'non). A proprietary prepara- 
tion containing diacetylmorphin, diallylbarbiturate. HENBANE 
499 
HEPATOLENTICULAR 
and trichlor tertiary butyl alcohol: used for pro- 
ducing twilight sleep. 
henbane (hen'ban). See hyoscyamus. 
Henke's space, trigone (henk'ez) [Wilhelm 
Henke, German anatomist, 1834-1896]. See under 
space and trigone. 
Henle's layer, loop, membrane, etc. (hen'- 
lez) [Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German anat- 
omist, 1809-1885]. See layer, loop, membrane, 
etc. 
henna (hen'ah). The dried and powdered leaves 
of Lawso'nia ine/mis, a cosmetic and hair-dye, and 
a useful astringent. 
Hennebert's sign (en-barz') [contemporary Bel- 
gian otologist]. See under sign. 
Henoch's purpura (hen'oks) [Edouard Heinrich 
Henoch, German pediatrist, 1820-1910]. See under 
purpura. 
hen-pox (hen'poks). A disease of fowls, pigeons, 
and turkeys, marked by an eruption of yellow, 
warty nodules, chiefly on the head. 
henpue, henpuye (hen-poo'ye) [West African]. 
See goundou. 
henry (hen're) [after Joseph Henry, American phys- 
icist, 1797-1878]. The unit of electric induction. 
Henry's law (hen'rez) [William Henry, English 
chemist, 1775-1837]. SeeZaw. 
Hensen's canal, disk, etc. [Victor Hensen, Ger- 
man anatomist and physiologist, born 1835]. See 
canal, disk, etc. 
Hensing's ligament (hen'singz) [Frederich Wil- 
helm Hensing, German anatomist, 1719-1745]. 
See ligament. 
hepaptosia, hepaptosis (hep-ap-to'se-ah, hep-ap- 
to'sis). Same as hepatoptosis. 
hepar (he'par) [L. for "liver"; Gr. ^vrap]. The 
liver: also a liver-like or liver-colored substance, 
h. loba'tum, a liver divided into numerous 
lobes by deep fissures produced by syphilis, h. 
sicca'tum, the dried and powdered liver of pigs: 
used as a food and medicine in organic diseases 
of the liver. Daily dose, 300 gr. (20 gm.), h. 
sul'phuris, potassium sulphid with sulphur; the 
liver of sulphur. 
heparaden (he-par'ad-en) [Gr. rjirap liver 4- abriv 
gland]. A therapeutic preparation of pigs' 
livers, 2 parts, and milk-sugar, 1 part: used in 
jaundice. 
heparin (he'par-in) [Gr. fiirap liver]. A phosphatid 
occurring in various tissues, but most abundantly 
in the liver. It inhibits blood coagulation (Howell 
and Holt). 
hepatalgia (hep-at-al'je-ah) [Gr. fiirap liver 4- aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the liver. 
hepatargia, hepatargy (hep-at-ar'je-ah, hep'at- 
ar-je) [Gr. riirap liver 4- apyla inactivity]. 
Hepatic auto-intoxication; auto-intoxication from 
defective liver action. 
hepatatrophia (hep-at-at-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. rpirap liver 
4- arpotpia atrophy]. Atrophy of the liver. 
hepatatrophy (hep-at-at'ro-fe). Hepatatrophia. 
hepatauxe (hep-at-awks'e) [Gr. ^wap liver 4- av^i) 
increase]. Enlargement of the liver. 
hepatectomy (hep-at-ek'to-me) [Gr. fj-wap liver 4- 
eeropi) excision]. Excision of a portion of the liver. 
hepatic (he-pat'ik) [L. hepat'icus; Gr. ^Trarixos]. 
Pertaining to the liver. 
hepaticocholecystostcholecystenterostomy 
(hep-at"ik-o-ko - le - sist"ost-ko - le - sis-ten - ter-os'to- 
me). The formation of an anastomosis between the 
gall-bladder and the hepatic duct and between 
the intestine and the gall-bladder. 
hepaticodochotomy (hep-at"ik-o-do-kot'o-me). 
Same as hepaticotomy. 
hepaticoduodenostomy (hep-at"ik-o-du-o-den- 
os'to-me). The operation of forming an anastomo- 
sis between the hepatic duct and the duodenum. 
hepatico-enterostomy (hep-at"ik-o-en-ter-os'to- 
me) [Gr. ijiraTiKos hepatic + evrepov intestine 
4- aropa mouth]. The operation of forming an 
anastomosis between the hepatic duct and the 
intestine. 
hepaticogastrostomy (hep-at"ik-o-gas-tros' to- 
me). The operation of uniting the hepatic duct 
to the stomach. 
hepaticolithotripsy (hep-at"ik-o-lith'o-trip-se). 
The operation of crushing a stone in the hepatic 
duct. 
hepaticopulmonary (hep-at"ik-o-pul'mo-na-re). 
Pertaining to the liver and the lungs. 
hepaticostomy (hep-at-ik-os'to-me) [Gr. 
hepatic + aropa mouth]. The creation of an 
artificial opening into the hepatic duct. 
hepaticotomy (hep-at-ik-ot'o-me) [Gr. rjirariKos 
hepatic 4- to pi) cutting]. The operation of open- 
ing the hepatic duct. 
hepatin (hep'at-in). Same as glycogen. 
hepatism (hep'at-izm). Ill health due to liver 
disease. 
hepatitis (hep-at-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
liver, acute parenchymatous h., acute yel- 
low atrophy of the liver, chronic interstitial 
h., cirrhosis of the liver, h. exter'na, external 
h., perihepatitis, h. seques'trans, hepatitis 
with necrosis and disintegration of the liver tissue, 
suppurative h., abscess of the liver. 
hepatization (hep-at-iz-a'shun) [L. he'par liverj. 
i. The change of tissue into a liver-like substance. 
2. Impregnation with hydrogen sulphid. gray h., 
hepatization of the lung in which the affected tissue 
has a gray color, red h., a form in which the 
affected tissue is red from excess of blood, yel- 
low h., a stage in hepatization in which the exu- 
date is purulent. 
hepatized (hep'at-izd). Changed into a liver-like 
substance. 
hepato- [L. he'par; Gr. rjirap liver]. A prefix de- 
noting some relation to the liver. 
hepatocele (he-pat'o-sel) [Gr. fiirap liver + KifKr) 
hernia]. Hernial protrusion of a part of the liver. 
hepatocholangio-enterostomy (hep"at-o-ko- 
lan"je-o-en-ter-os'to-me) [Gr. r/nap liver + 
bile + ayyeiov vessel 4- evrepov intestine + 
aropa mouth]. Surgical formation of a communi- 
cation between the liver and the intestine. 
hepatocirrhosis (hep"at-o-sir-o'sis) [hepato- 4- 
cirrhosis]. Cirrhosis of the liver. 
hepatocolic (hep-at-o-kol'ik). Pertaining to the 
Jiver and the colon. 
hepatocystic (hep"at-o-sis'tik). Pertaining to the 
liver and gall-bladder. 
hepatoduodenostomy (hep"at-o-du-o-den-os'to- 
me) [Gr. r/Ttap liver 4- duodenum + Gr. aropa, 
mouth]. The surgical creation of an opening 
from the liver into the duodenum. 
hepatodynia (hep"at-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. r)trap liver 4* 
66wr) pain]. Pain in the liver. 
hepatodysentery (hep"at-o-dis'en-ter-e). Dysen- 
tery due to inflammation of the liver. 
hepato-enteric (hep"at-o-en-ter'ik). Pertaining 
to the liver and intestine. 
hepatogastric (hep"at-o-gas'trik). Pertaining to 
the liver and stomach. 
hepatogenic, hepatogenous (hep"at-o-jen'ik, 
hep-at-oj'en-us) [Gr. r)irap liver 4- yevvav to 
produce]. Produced in the liver. 
hepatography (hep-at-og'raf-e) [Gr. f)irap liver 
4* ypa<peiv to write]. A treatise on the liver. 
hepatohemia (hep"at-o-he'me-ah) [Gr. rjirap 
liver 4- alpa blood]. Congestion of the liver. 
hepatoid (hep'at-oid) [Gr. r/trap liver 4- elbos form]. 
Resembling the liver in structure. 
hepatolenticular (hep"at-o-len-tik'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the liver and the lenticular nucleus, 
h. degeneration, Wilson's disease. See under 
disease. HEPATOLITH 
500 
HEREDITATION 
hepatolith (hep'at-o-lith) [Gr. wrap liver 4- XIOos 
stone]. A gall-stone, especially one within the 
liver. 
hepatolithectomy (hep"at-o-lith-ek'to-me) [Gr. 
r)irap liver 4- XiOos stone 4- eKropt) excision]. 
Excision of a calculus from the liver or the he- 
patic duct. 
hepatolithiasis (hep"at-o-lith-i'as-is) [hepato- 4- 
lithiasis]. The formation of calculi in the liver 
or gall-bladder. 
hepatologist (hep-at-ol'o-jist). A specialist on the 
liver. 
hepatology (hep-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. wrap liver 4- 
Xbyos treatise]. The study of the liver. 
hepatolysin (hep-at-ol'is-in). A cytolysin de- 
structive to liver-cells. 
hepatolysis (hep-at-ol'is-is). Destruction of the 
liver-cells. 
hepatolytic (hep"at-o-lit'ik) [Gr. wrap liver 4-X6<ns 
dissolution]. Destructive to hepatic tissue. 
hepatoma (hep-at-o'mah). A tumor of the liver: 
Sabourin's term for a transition stage between 
adenoma and carcinoma of the liver. 
hepatomalacia (hep"at-o-inal-a'se-ah) [Gr. r/rrap 
liver 4* paXaKia softening]. Softening of the 
liver. 
hepatomegalia (hep"at-o-meg-a'le-ah) [Gr. r/rrap 
liver 4- peyaXr/ bigness]. Enlargement of the liver. 
hepatomelanosis (hep"at-o-mel-an-o'sis). Melan- 
osis of the liver. 
hepatomphalos (hep-at-om'fal-os) [Gr. wrap liver 
4- 6p<paXbs navel]. Projection of the liver through 
the abdominal wall near the umbilicus. 
hepatonephric (hep"at-o-nef'rik). Pertaining to 
the liver and kidney. 
hepatopathy (hep-at-op'ath-e) [Gr. wrap liver 4- 
sraOos disease]. Any disease of the liver. 
hepatoperitonitis (hep"at-o-per-it-o-ni'tis) [Gr. 
wrap liver 4- peritonitis]. Inflammation of the 
peritoneum covering the liver. 
hepatopexy (hep'at-o-peks-e) [Gr. f/trap liver 4- 
Trr/yvvvai to fix]. Surgical fixation of the dis- 
placed liver to the abdominal wall. 
hepatophage (hep'at o-faj) [Gr. wrap liver 4- 
tpayeiv to eat]. A giant-cell supposed to destroy 
the liver-cells. 
hepatophlebitis (hep"at-o-fleb-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the veins of the liver. 
hepatophlebotomy (hep"at-o-fle-bot'o-me) [Gr. 
rjirap liver 4- phlebotomy]. The aspiration of blood 
from the liver. • 
hepatophyma (hep"at-o-fi'mah) [Gr. wrap liver 
4- <pvpa a growth]. Abscess of the liver. 
■hepatopneumonic (hep"at-o-nu-mon'ik). Per- 
taining to the liver and lungs. 
hepatoportal (hep"at-o-por'tal). Pertaining to 
the portal system of the liver. 
hepatoptosia (hep"at-op-to'se-ah). Hepatoptosis. 
hepatoptosis (hep"at-op-to'sis) [Gr wrap liver 4- 
irrai<ris falling]. Dislocation of the liver; movable 
liver. 
hepatopulmonary (hep"at-o-pul'mo-na-re). Re- 
lating to or affecting the liver and the lungs. 
hepatorenal (hep"at-o-re'nal). Pertaining to the 
liver and kidneys. 
hepatorrhagia (hep"at-or-ra'je-ah) [Gr. rprrap liver 
4" peyvvval to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
liver. 
hepatorrhaphy (hep-at-or'af-e) [Gr. wrap liver 4- 
pa<py suture]. The suturing of the liver. 
hepatorrhea (hep"at-or-e'ah) [Gr. rj-n-ap liver 4~ 
pola flow]. A morbidly excessive secretion of 
bile; any morbid flow from the liver. 
hepatorrhexis (hep"at-or-eks'is) [Gr. rjirap liver 
4- pv&s rupture]. Rupture of the liver. 
hepatoscopy (hep-at-os'ko-pe) [Gr. f/rrap liver 4- 
aKoirciv to examine]. Examination of the liver. 
hepatosplenitis (hep"at-o-sple-ni'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the liver and spleen. 
hepatostomy (hep-at-os'to-me) [Gr. wrap liver 4- 
aropa mouth]. The making of an opening into 
the liver, as for the removal of gall-stones. 
hepatotherapy (hep"at-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. wrap 
liver 4- Oepaireiv treatment]. Treatment of dis- 
ease by the administration of raw pulped liver. 
hepatothrombin (hep"at-o-throm'bin) [Gr. wrap 
liver + thrombin]. Wolf's name for a fibrin factor 
formed by the liver and existing in the blood, which 
unites with leukothrombin to form thrombin. 
hepatotomy (hep-at-ot'om-e) [Gr. r/Trap liver + 
to pi) cut]. Surgical incision of the liver, trans- 
thoracic h., the operation of incising the liver for 
abscess by resecting a rib, opening the pleural 
sac, and incising the diaphragm. 
hepatotoxemia (hep"at-o-toks-e'me-ah) [Gr. Jjirap 
liver 4- toxemia]. Blood-poisoning originating in 
the liver. 
hepatotoxin (hep"at-o-toks'in) [Gr. 777rap liver 4~ 
toxin], A toxin destructive to liver-cells. 
hepatoxin (hep-at-oks'in). A leprosy remedy said 
to be prepared from the liver of the Japanese globe- 
fish. 
Hepatozo'on pernicio'sum. A protozoan para- 
site of the leukocytes of the blood of rats. 
hephestic (he-fes'tik) ["Hyxuaros Vulcan]. Charac- 
teristic of blacksmiths, h. spasm. See hemi- 
plegia, hephestic. 
hephestiorrhaphy (hef-es-te-or'raf-e) [HtpaiaTos 
Vulcan 4- pa-vii suture]. Cauterization of the 
edges of a wound to produce adhesions. 
hepptin (hep'tin) [Maurice Hepp, contemporary 
French physician]. Pure physiologic gastric juice 
obtained from living pigs. 
heptachromic (hep-tah-kro'mik) [Gr. eirra seven 
4- xpw/xa color]. Possessing full color vision for 
all seven colors of the spectrum. 
heptad (hep'tad) [Gr. ertTa seven]. Any element 
having a valency of seven. 
heptanal (hep'tan-al). Heptoic aldehyd. 
heptane (hep'tan). A hydrocarbon, C7H16, from 
pine-resin and petroleum: identical with abietene. 
heptatomic (hep-tat-om'ik). Heptavalent. 
heptavalent (hep-tav'al-ent) [Gr. eirra seven 4- 
L. val'ere to be able]. Septivalent. 
heptose (hep'tbs) [Gr. kirra seven]. Any sugar 
whose molecule contains seven atoms of carbon in 
the molecule. 
heptosuria (hep-to-su're-ah). Presence of a hep- 
tose in the urine. 
herapathite (her'ap-ath-it) [for W. B. Herapath, 
1820-1868]. Quinin iodosulphate: used chiefly 
in microscopy, cinchonin h., antiseptol, or cin- 
chonin iodosulphate. 
herb (erb, herb) [L. her'ba], Any leafy plant with- 
out a woody stem, vulnerary h., an herb 
anciently regarded as healing wounds. 
Herb, recent. Abbreviation for L. herba'rium 
recen'iium, of fresh herbs. 
herbaceous (her-ba'shus). Having the characters 
of an herb; having a woody stem which dies down 
to the roots every autumn. 
Herbert's operation (herb'erts) [J. Frederick 
Herbert, Philadelphia oculist, born i860]. See 
operation. 
herbivorous (her-biv'or-us) [L. her'ba grass 4- 
vora're to eat]. Subsisting upon grasses and 
herbs. 
Herbst's corpuscles (herb'sts) [Ernst Friedrich 
Herbst, German physician, 1803-1893]. See under 
corpuscle. 
hereditary (he-red'it-ar-e) [L. heredita'rius], De- 
rived from ancestry or obtained by inheritance. 
hereditation (he-red-it-a'shun). The influence 
of heredity. HEREDITOSYPHILITIC 
501 
HERNIA 
hereditosyphilitic (he-red"it-o-sif-il-it'ik). Af- 
fected with hereditary syphilis. 
heredity (he-red'it-e) [L. her ed'it as]. Organic re- 
semblance based on descent (Castle); the inher- 
itance of qualities or of diseases from ancestry, 
cumulative h., that which comes from many 
generations of ancestors, immediate h., that 
due to the parents, mediate h., that which 
comes from the grandparents. 
heredo-ataxia (her"ed-o-at-aks'e-ah). Fried- 
reich's ataxia. 
heredofamilial (her"ed-o-fam-il'e-al). Hereditary 
in certain families. 
heredolues (her"ed-o-lu'ez). Hereditary syphilis, 
heredoluetic (her"ed-o-lu-et'ik). Pertaining to 
hereditary syphilis. 
heredosyphilis (her"ed-o-sif'il-is). Inherited 
syphilis. 
heredosyphilitic (her"ed-o-sif-il-it'ik). A person 
affected with hereditary syphilis. 
heredosyphilology (her"ed-o-sif-il-ol'o-je). The 
study of hereditary syphilis. 
heredo tuberculosis (her"ed-o-tu-ber-ku-lo'sis). 
Inherited tuberculosis. 
Hering's phenomenon (her'ingz) [H. E. Hering, 
Austrian physician, born 1866]. See phenomenon. 
Hering's test, theory (her'ingz) [Ewald Hering, 
physiologist in Leipzig, 1834-1918]. See test, 
theory. 
Hermann's fluid, solution (her'manz) [Fried- 
rich Hermann, German anatomist, 1859-1920]. See 
under stains, table of. 
hermaphrodism, hermaphroditism (her-maf'- 
rod-izm, her-maf'rod-it-izm) [Gr. 'T^pp^s Mercury 
+ 'XtppobiTq Venus]. Double or doubtful sex. 
complex h., the existence in the same individual 
of the internal and external organs of both sexes, 
dimidiate h., that in which the organs of one 
side are male and of the other female. Called 
also lateral h. h. with excess, when the sub- 
ject has the perfect organs of either sex with 
some that pertain to the other sex. female h., 
when the sexual organs are predominantly female, 
but have some of the characters of the male sex. 
lateral h. See dimidiate h. male h., when 
the person is of the male sex, with organs which 
have more or less of the female characters, neuter 
h., neutral h., when the individual has neither 
male nor female organs, spurious h., doubtful 
but not double sex. transverse h., when the 
outward organs appear to be of one sex and the 
internal ones are of the other, true h., the 
presence in the same individual of both the male 
and female organs; double sex. unilateral h., 
when one side has an ovary or a testis and the 
other has both an ovary and a testis. 
hermaphrodite (her-maf'ro-dit). A person who 
has or appears to have both male and female 
characters. 
hermesoline (her-mes'o-lin). A solution of mer- 
curic chlorid for intramuscular injection in syphilis, 
hermetic, hermetical (her-met'ik, her-met'ik-al) 
[L. hermet'icus]. Impervious to air; air-tight. 
hermetically (her-met'ik-al-e). In an air-tight 
manner. 
hermitine (her'mit-in). A proprietary antiseptic 
and disinfectant: said to be electrolyzed sea- 
water. 
hermodactyl (her-mo-dak'til) [Gr. eppobaKrvXos]. 
The root of Col'chicum variega'tum: cathartic. 
hermophenol, hermophenyl (her-mo-fe'nol, 
her-mo-fen'il). A white powder, mercuric-phenol- 
disulphonate of sodium: used as an antiseptic in 
a 0.1-2 per cent, solution; also as an antisyphilitic. 
hernia (her'ne-ah) [L.]. ,The protrusion of a loop 
or knuckle of an organ or tissue through an ab- 
normal opening (Celsus). abdominal h., the pro- 
trusion of some internal structure through the ab- 
dominal wall, acquired h., one brought on by 
lifting or by a strain or other injury, h. adipo'sa. 
See fat h. Barth's h., hernia of loops of intestine 
between the serosa of the abdominal wall and that of 
a persistent vitelline duct. Bedard's h., femoral 
hernia through the saphenous opening. Birkett's 
h., protrusion of the synovial membrane of 
a joint through a laceration of the capsular liga- 
ment. Called also synovial h. h. of the 
bladder, protrusion of a part of the bladder 
through any normal or other opening, cecal 
h., one that contains the cecum or a part of it. 
h. cere'bri, the protrusion of the brain sub- 
stance through the skull. Cloquet's h., pectin- 
eal crural hernia, complete h., one in which 
the sac and its contents have passed through the 
orifice, concealed h., hernia not perceptible on 
palpation, congenital h., that which exists at 
birth, most commonly scrotal. Cooper's h., 
retroperitoneal hernia, crural h. Same as fem- 
oral h. crural h., pectineal, hernia within 
and behind the femoral vessels, the tumor resting 
upon the pectineus muscle, cystic h. Same as 
cystocele. diaphragmatic h., hernia through 
the diaphragm, diverticular h., the protrusion 
of a congenital diverticulum of the gut. dry h., 
a hernia in which the sac and its contents have be- 
come intimately adherent to each other, en- 
cysted h., scrotal or oblique inguinal hernia in 
which the bowel, enveloped in its own proper sac, 
passes into the tunica vaginalis in such a way that 
the bowel has three coverings of peritoneum, epi- 
gastric h., a hernia through the linea alba 
above the navel, extrasaccular h., sliding 
hernia, fat h., hernial protrusion of properitoneal 
fat through the abdominal wall; called also h. 
adiposa. femoral h., hernia into the femoral 
canal, foraminal h., hernia through the for- 
amen of Winslow, funicular h., hernia of the 
umbilical or spermatic cord. Gibbon's h., hy- 
drocele with large hernia, gluteal h., crural 
hernia. Goyrand's h., inguinal hernia that does 
not descend into the scrotum. Hesselbach's 
h., hernia with a diverticulum through the cribri- 
form fascia. Hey's h., encysted hernia. Holt- 
house's h., an inguinal hernia which has turned 
outward into the groin. Called also inguino- 
crural h. incarcerated h., hernia so occluded 
as to obstruct the bowel completely, incom- 
plete h., one which has not passed quite through 
the orifice, infantile h., oblique inguinal hernia 
behind the funicular process of the peritoneum, 
inguinal h., hernia into the inguinal canal, 
inguinal h., direct, inguinal hernia which 
passes directly through the abdominal wall by the 
internal ring, inguinocrural h. See Holt- 
house's h. inguinofemoral h., a combined in- 
guinal and femoral hernia, inguinoproperito- 
neal h., hernia that is partly inguinal and partly 
properitoneal. Called also Kronlein's h. ingui- 
nosuperficial h., interstitial hernia which passes 
through the internal inguinal ring, the inguinal 
canal, and the external inguinal ring, but at this 
point is deflected upward and outward so as to lie 
upon the aponeurosis of the external oblique. 
Called also Kiister's hernia, interparietal h., 
an interstitial hernia which lies between one or an- 
other of the fascial or muscular planes of the abdo- 
men. interstitial h., a hernia in which a 
knuckle of intestine lies between two layers . of 
the abdominal wall. h. of the iris, protrusion 
of a part of the iris, irreducible h., hernia 
that cannot be restored by taxis, ischia-tic h., 
hernia through the sacrosciatic foramen, ischio- 
rectal h., a protrusion of the abdominal viscera 
between fibers of the levator ani muscle. Krbn- 
lein's h. See inguinoproperitoneal h. Kiis- 
ter's h., inguinosuperficial hernia, labial h., 
the protrusion of a knuckle of the gut into a 
labium maj.us. Laugier's h., a femoral hernia, 
perforating Gimbernat's ligament. levator h. 
See pudendal h. Littre's h., diverticular hernia, 
lumbar h., hernia in the loin, mesenteric h., HERNIA 
502 
HERNIA 
Very large femoral hernia. 
Femoral hernia in a female. 
Indirect inguinal hernia (incomplete). 
Double direct inguinal hernia. 
Inguinal (scrotal) hernia. 
Different varieties of infantile 
hernia. 
Hernial sac with con- 
tained bowel: n, neck of 
sac; s. sac; b, bowel. HERNIA-KNIFE 
503 
HERTZIAN WAVES 
the passage of a portion of the gut through an open- 
ing in the mesentery, mesocolic h., hernia into a 
pouch of the mesocolon, mucosal h., hernia of 
the mucous membrane of the intestine through an 
opening in the muscular coat, obturator h., 
protrusion through the obturator foramen, omen- 
tal h., a protrusion of a knuckle of omentum, 
ovarian h., hernial protrusion of an ovary, h. 
par glissement (gles-maw'). Same as sliding h. 
paraperitoneal h., hernia of the bladder in 
which only a part of the protruded bladder is 
covered by the peritoneum of the sac. parasac- 
cular h., sliding hernia, parietal h. Same as 
Richter's h. pectineal h., hernia situated be- 
neath the pectineal fascia, perineal h. Same as 
ischiorectal h. Petit's h., lumbar hernia in 
Petit's triangle, posterior vaginal h., a con- 
dition in which the pouch of Douglas with its in- 
testinal contents pushes downward between the 
posterior vaginal wall and the rectum. Called also 
enterocele. properitoneal h., an interstitial her- 
nia which is located between the parietal perit- 
oneum and the transversalis fascia, pudendal 
11., a hernia located in the pudendum, having 
passed through a rent in the levator muscle and its 
fascia. Called also levator h. h. of pulp, pro- 
trusion of the dental pulp through the dentin wall 
of the pulp cavity, reducible h., one that may be 
returned by manipulation, retrograde h., a her- 
nia the sac of which contains two loops of intestine, 
the portion of intestine between the two loops lying 
within the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal 
h., hernia of the intestine into the duodenojejunal 
fossa. Richter's h., one in which only a part of 
the caliber of the gut is protruded. Rokitansky's 
h., protrusion of a sac of mucous membrane or of 
the peritoneum through separated muscular fibers 
of the intestine, sciatic h., hernia through 
the great sacrosciatic foramen, scrotal h., an 
inguinal hernia which has descended into the 
scrotum, sliding h., slip h., slipped h., her- 
nia of the colon in which a portion of the part is 
drawn into or slips into a hernial sac by the inclu- 
sion in the sac of the parietal peritoneum to which 
it is attached. Called also extrasaccular h., para- 
saccular h., and h. par glissement. strangu- 
lated h., one which is tightly constricted and has 
become or is likely to become sphacelated, sy- 
novial h., protrusion of the inner lining mem- 
brane through the stratum fibrosum of a joint 
capsule. Treitz's h., a retroperitoneal hernia 
through the duodenojejunal recess, tunicary h. 
Same as mucosal h. umbilical h., protrusion of 
the bowel or omentum at the navel, uterine h., 
hernial protrusion of the uterus, vaginal h., 
hernia into the vagina, vaginolabial h., hernia 
of a viscus into the posterior end of the labium 
majus; posterior labial hernia. Velpeau's h., 
femoral hernia in front of the femoral vessels, 
ventral h., hernia through the abdominal wall, 
vesical h., protrusion of the bladder, w-h., a 
hernia in which the sac contains two loops of 
intestine. 
hernia-knife (he/ne-ah-mf). A herniotome, 
hernial (her'ne-al). Pertaining to a hernia, 
herniary (heFne-a-re). Pertaining to or associ- 
ated with hernia. 
herniated (her'ne-a-ted). Afflicted with hernia, 
herniation (her-ne-a'shun). The formation of a 
hernia. 
hernio-enterotomy (her"ne-o-en-ter-ot'o-me). 
Herniotomy conjoined with enterotomy. 
hernioid (her'ne-oid). Resembling hernia, 
herniolaparotomy (her"ne-cr-lap-ar-ot'o-me). 
Laparotomy for the cure of hernia. 
herniology (her-ne-ol'o-je) [hernia + Gr. \dyos 
treatise]. The study and science of hernias. 
hernioplasty (her"ne-o-plas'te). Operation for 
the radical cure of hernia. 
herniopuncture (he/ne-o-punkt-ur) [hernia + 
puncture]. Surgical puncture of a hernia. 
herniorrhaphy (her-ne-or'raf-e) [hernia + Gr. 
paipy suture]. Suture of a hernia; the radical 
operation for hernia. 
herniotome (he/ne-o-tom). A knife for operating 
on hernia. 
herniotomy (her-ne-ot'o-me) [hernia + Gr. repveiv 
to cut]. Kelotomy; a cutting operation for hernia. 
heroic (he-ro'ik) [L. hero'icus], Severe or rash. 
heroin (her'o-in). A white, bitterish, crystalline 
powder, C17H17(O.OC.CH3)2.NO, the diacetic acid 
ester of morphin. It is an anodyne and seda- 
tive, and is used in irritative coughs of phthisis 
and bronchitis, and in dyspnea. Dose, gr. 
(0.0025-0.005 gm.). Hypodermically it is used 
in 2 per cent, solution in the same doses, h. 
hydrochlor id, a white, crystalline powder, Cn- 
H17(O.CO.CH3)2ON.HC1.H2O: used like heroin. 
heroinism (her'o-in-izm). Addiction to the use of 
heroin; heroin habit. 
hero inomania (her"o-in-o-ma'ne-ah). Heroinism. 
heromal (her'o-mal). A preparation of heroin 
and malt extract. Dose, 2 fl.dr. (8 c.c.). 
heromania (he-ro-ma'ne-ah). Addiction to the 
use of heroin. 
Herophilus (her-of'il-us). A Greek physician and 
anatomist of Alexandria, born about 344 b. c., one 
of the most celebrated physicians of antiquity. 
hero terpin (her-o-ter'pin). A preparation of 
heroin and terpin hydrate. Dose, 1-3 fl.dr. (4- 
12 c.c.). 
herpes (her'pez) [L.; Gr. epmjs]. An inflammatory 
skin disease characterized by the formation of 
small vesicles in clusters (Galen), h. catarrha'lis. 
Same as h. simplex, h. circina'tus. Same as 
tinea circinata. h. cor'neae, herpetic inflamma- 
tion of the cornea, h. des'quamans, tinea 
imbricata. h. facia lis, h. febri'lis, the so- 
called fever-blisters occurring on the face. h. 
farino'sus, a variety of ringworm, h. genita'- 
lis, herpes of the genital organs, h. gestatio'- 
nis, a herpes peculiar to pregnant women, h. 
i'ris, a form occurring in rings on the hands and 
feet. h. labia'lis, herpes of the lips; cold-sore or 
fever-blister, h. menstrua'lis, a form that 
recurs at the menstrual epoch, h. phlyctseno'- 
des, dermatitis herpetiformis, h. prseputia'- 
lis, a form that occurs on the male genitals, h. 
progenita'lis, herpes of the genitals, h. 
sim'plex, a skin disease marked by the formation 
of one or more vesicles on the border of the lip, the 
external nares, or the mucous surface of the 
genitals, h. ton'surans, tinea tonsurans, h. 
ton'surans maculo'sus. See pityriasis rosea. 
h. veg'etans, pemphigus vegetans, h. zos'ter. 
See zoster. 
herpetic (her-pet'ik) [L. herpeficus]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of herpes. 
herpetiform (her-pet'if-orm) [L. her'pes herpes + 
for'ma form]. Resembling herpes. 
herpetism (her'pet-izm). Predisposition to her- 
petic disease; the herpetic or dartrous diathesis. 
Herpetomonas (her-pet-om'on-as) [Gr. epirerov 
creeper + poods monad], 1. A genus of flagellate 
animal microparasites found in the intestines of 
insects and in the blood of various animals. They 
are elongate or spindle-shaped, have a single 
flagellum, and no undulating membrane. They 
closely resemble one of the developmental forms of 
trypanosomes. They are not known to be patho- 
genic. 2. One of the developmental stages through 
which trypanosomes pass in their insect hosts. H. 
donova'ni. See Leishmania. 
herpetomoniasis (her-pet"o-mo-ni'as-is). Infec- 
tion with a species of Herpetomonas. 
hersage (ar-sahzh') [Fr. "harrowing"]. The 
therapeutic loosening of the fibers of a diseased 
nerve-trunk. 
hertzian waves (hertz'e-an) [after Heinrich Hertz, 
German physicist, 1857-1894]. See wave. HERUBIN 
504 
HETEROGENESIS 
herubin (he-ru'bin). A preparation from leeches: 
used to prevent coagulation of the blood. 
herudin (he-ru'din). See hirudin. 
Herxheimer's fibers, reaction, spirals (herks'- 
him-erz) [Karl Herxheimer, German dermatologist, 
born 1861]. See fiber, reaction, spirals, etc. 
Heryng's sign (her'ingz) [Theodor Heryng, Polish 
laryngologist, born 1847]. See sign. 
hesperanopia (hes"per-an-o'pe-ah) [Gr. eatcepa 
evening 4- av neg. 4- eVeh Nyctalopia. 
Hesselbach's hernia, triangle (hes'el-bahks) 
[Franz Kaspar Hesselbach, German surgeon, 1759- 
1816]. See hernia and triangle. 
heteradelphia (het"er-ad-el'fe-ah) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- abeXepbs brother], A joined twin mon- 
strosity in which one fetus is much more fully de- 
veloped than the other. 
heteradelphus (het"er-ad-el'fus). A twin monster 
affected with heteradelphia. 
heteradenia (het"er-ad-e'ne-ah) [Gr. erepos other 
4- abpv gland]. Any abnormality of the gland 
tissue. 
heteradenic (het"er-ad-en'ik). Pertaining to, af- 
fected with, or of the nature of, heteradenia. 
heteradenoma (het"er-ad-en-o'mah) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- adenoma]. Any hyaline cylindroma. 
heteralin (het'er-al-in). Dioxybenzene hexa- 
methylenetetramin, a colorless, crystalline com- 
pound, soluble in water and alcohol: used as a 
urinary antiseptic in cystitis, gonorrhea, etc. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
heteralius, heteralicus (het-er-a'le-us, het-er-al'- 
ik-us) [Gr. erepos other 4- &Xws disk]. An extreme 
example of heteradelphia. 
heteraxial (het-er-ak'se-al) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
axts]. Having axes of unequal length. 
heterecious, heteroecious (het-er-e'se-us) [Gr. 
erepos other + oikos house]. Living upon one 
host in one stage or generation and upon another 
in the next. 
heterecism (het'er-e-sizm). The state of being 
heterecious. 
heteresthesia (het-er-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- aMbrjcns sensation]. Variation in the de- 
gree of cutaneous "sensibility on adjoining areas of 
the body surface. 
hetero- [Gr. erepos other]. A prefix denoting un- 
likeness or dissimilarity. 
hetero-agglutinin (het"er-o-ag-lu'tin-in). An 
agglutinin found in the blood of an animal on the 
injection of blood from an animal of a different 
species. 
hetero-albumose (het"er-o-al'bu-mds) [hetero- 4- 
albumose]. A form of hemialbumose that is not 
soluble in water, but is soluble in hydrochloric 
acid and salt solutions. 
hetero-albumosuria (het"er-o-al"bu-mo-su're- 
ah) [hetero-albumose 4- Gr. ovpov urine]. The 
presence of hetero-albumose in the urine. 
hetero-atom (het"er-o-at'om). Any atom of a 
ring-shaped chemical nucleus other than the car- 
bon atoms. 
hetero-autoplasty (het"er-o-aw'to-plas-te) [het- 
ero-autoplasty]. The surgical transfer of tissue 
from one part of the body to another. 
heteroblastic (het"er-o-blas'tik) [Gr. erepos other 
4- fiXaarbs germ]. Having origin in different 
kinds of tissue. 
heterocellular (het"er-o-sel'u-lar). Composed of 
cells of different kinds. 
heterocentric (het"er-o-sen'trik) [Gr. erepos other 
4- L. cen'trum center]. Made up of rays that 
are neither parallel nor meet in one point: said 
of a ray of light. 
heterocephalus (het"er-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- KeipaXy head]. A monster with two un- 
equal heads. 
heterochiral (het"er-o-ki'ral) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
xelp hand]. Reversed as regards right and left, 
but otherwise the same in form and size. 
heterochromia (het"er-o-kro'me-ah) [Gr. erepos 
other + xP&pa color]. Diversity of color in a 
part or parts that should normally be of one 
color, as in the two irides or in different parts of 
the same iris. 
heterochromosome (het"er-o-kro'mo-som) [Gr. 
erepos other 4- chromosome]. See accessory 
chromosome, under chromosome. 
heterochromous (het"er-o-kro'mus). Marked by 
diversity of color; exhibiting heterochromia. 
heterochronia (het"er-o-kro'ne-ah) [Gr. erepos 
other + xpovos time]. The formation of parts 
or tissues at an unusual time. 
heterochronic (het"er-o-kron'ik) [Gr. erepos other 
+ xporos time]. Occurring at abnormal and ir- 
regular times. 
heterochronous (het-er-ok'ro-nus). Hetero- 
chronic. 
heterochthonous (het-er-ok'thon-us) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- x^^ earth]. Originating in a region 
other than that where it is found. 
heterochylia (het"er-o-ki'le-ah). The sudden 
varying of the gastric secretion from normal 
acidity to hyperacidity or anacidity. 
heterocinesia (het"er-o-sin-e'se-ah) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- KLwrjacs movement]. A condition in 
which the patient performs movements other than 
those he is instructed to perform. 
heterocladic (het"er-o-klad'ik)[ Gr. erepos other 4* 
kXo.8os branch]. Indicating an anastomosis be- 
tween terminal branches from different arteries. 
heterocomplement (het"er-o-kom'ple-ment) [Gr. 
erepos other 4- complement]. A complement de- 
rived from an animal of a species different from the 
one which furnishes the amboceptor. 
heterocomplementophilic (het "er-o-kom-ple- 
men-to-firik). Having an affinity for hetero- 
complements. 
heterocrisis (het-er-ok'ris-is) [Gr. erepos other 4~ 
Kplais division]. An abnormal crisis. 
heterocyclic (het"er-o-sik'lik) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
kvkXos circle]. Noting a compound the molecule 
of which consists of a closed chain of atoms, con- 
taining in such a ring atoms of more than a single 
element. 
heterocy to toxin (het"er-o-si-to-tok'sin). A toxin 
which destroys cells from an animal of another 
. species. 
heterodermic (het"er-o-der'mik) [Gr. erepos other 
. 4- Seppa skin]. Performed with another person's 
skin: said of a method of skin-grafting. See 
dermatoheteroplasty. 
heterodesmotic fibers (het"er-o-des-mot'ik) [Gr. 
• erepos other + Seppos a band]. See under 
fiber. 
heterodont (het'er-o-dont) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
bbovs tooth]. Having teeth of different sorts, as 
molars, incisors, etc. 
heterodrome (het'er-o-drom) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
bpbpos a running]. A negative induction current. 
heterodymus (het-er-od'im-us) [Gr. erepos other 
4- blbvpos twin], A monster-fetus with a second 
bead on the abdomen. 
hetero-erotism (het"er-o-er'ot-izm) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- epas love]. Sexual feeling directed to- 
ward another individual. Cf. auto-erotism. 
heteroganglionic (het"er-o-gang-le-on'ik) [Gr. 
erepos other 4- yayyXcov ganglion]. Connecting 
various ganglia: used of the sympathetic nervous 
system. 
heterogeneous (het"er-o-je'ne-us) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- yevos kind]. Consisting of or composed 
of dissimilar elements or ingredients. 
heterogenesis (het"er o-jen'es-is) [Gr. erepos other 
+ yeveais generation], i. Alternation of genera- 
tion; reproduction that differs in character in 
successive generations. 2. Asexual generation. HETEROGENETIC 
505 
HETEROPLASTY 
heterogenetic (het"er-o-jen-et/ik). i. Pertaining 
to heterogenesis. 2. Not arising within the or- 
ganism. 
heterogenic (het"er-o-jen'ik). i. Occurring in the 
wrong sex, as a beard upon a woman. 2. Derived 
from a different source or species. 
heterogenicity (het"er-o-jen-is'it-e). The state 
of being heterogeneous. 
heterogenous (het-er-oj'en-us). Heterogenic. 
heteroglobulose (het"er-o-glo'bu-16s). A hetero- 
albumose obtained from a globulin. 
heterograft (het'er-o-graft) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
graft]. A graft taken from an individual other than 
the one into which it is to be implanted. 
heterography (het-er-og'raf-e) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
ypacpeiv to write]. The writing of words other 
than those intended by the writer. 
heterohemagglutinin (het"er-o-hem-ag-lu'tin- 
in). See under hemagglutinin. 
hetero-immune (het"er-o-im-un'). Immune to 
the cells of an animal of a different species from the 
one which furnishes the immune serum. 
hetero-infection (het"er-o-in-fek'shun). Infec- 
tion with virus from outside the organism. 
hetero-inoculable (het"er-o-in-ok'u-la-bl). Sus- 
ceptible of being inoculated with a virus from 
another organism. 
hetero-inoculation (het^er-o-in-ok-u-Ia'shun). 
Inoculation with a virus from another organism. 
hetero-intoxication (het"er-o-in-tok-sik-a'shun). 
Poisoning by matters introduced from outside the 
body. 
heterolalia (het''er-o-la'le-ah) [Gr. erepos other + 
XaXia utterance]. Same as heterophasia. 
heterolateral (het"er-o-lat'er-al) [Gr. erepos other 
4- L. la'tus side]. Relating to opposite sides. 
heteroliteral (het"er-o-lit'er-al). Marked by the 
substitution of one letter for another in pronouncing 
words. 
heterolith (het'er-o-lith) [Gr. erepos other 4- XiOos 
stone]. An intestinal concretion not formed of 
mineral matter. 
heterologous (het-er-ol'o-gus) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
Xbyos relation]. Made up of tissue not normal 
to the part; also, derived from a different species, 
as, heterologous serum. 
heterology (het-er-ol'o-je). Abnormality in struc- 
ture, arrangement, or manner of formation. In 
chemistry, the relationship between substances of 
partial identity of structure but of different prop- 
erties. 
heterolysin (het-er-ol'is-in). A lysin which digests 
tissues other than that from which it is derived; or 
dne which is formed in the body on the ingestion of 
an antigen from an animal of another species. 
heterolysis (het-er-ol'is-is) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
Xvcris dissolution]. Dissolution or splitting up of 
a. cell or a protein by extracts of another sort of 
tissue. 
heterolytic (het"er-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to or 
caused by heterolysis or a heterolysin. 
heteromastigote (het"er-o-mas'tig-ot) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- paari.^ lash]. Having several forward 
flagella together with one directed backward. 
heteromeral (het-er-om'er-al). Heteromeric. 
heteromeric (het"er-o-mer'ik) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
pepos side]. Sending processes through one of 
the commissures to the white matter of the other 
side of the spinal cord: used of nerve-cells. 
heteromerous (het-er-om'er-us). Heteromeric. 
heterometaplasia (het"er-o-met-ap-la'se-ah) [Gr. 
ereoos other 4- metaplasia]. Development of 
tissue into a variety foreign to the part where it is 
produced. 
heterometropia (het"er-o-met-ro'pe-ah). The 
state in which there is a different kind of refrac- 
tion in the two eyes; antimetropia. 
heteromorphosis (het"er-o-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. erepos 
other 4- pbp<pua is a forming]. Malformation of 
tissue. 
heteromorphous (het"er-o-mor'fus) [Gr. erepos 
other + popart form]. Of abnormal shape or 
structure. 
heteronephrolysin (het"er-o-nef-rol'is-in) [Gr. 
erepos other 4" nephrolysin], A nephrolysin which 
acts on the cells of animals from a different species 
of animal. 
heteronomous (het-er-on'o-mus) [Gr. erepos other 
4- vopos law], i. Not independent or autono- 
mous. 2. Abnormal. 
heteronymous (het-er-on'im-us) [Gr. erepos other 
+ bvvpa name]. Reversed or opposite in posi- 
tion. 
hetero-osteoplasty (het"er-o-os'te-o-plas-te) [Gr. 
erepos other 4- bareov bone + irXacraeiv to shape]. 
The surgical grafting of a bone with a piece taken 
from one of the lower animals. 
heteropagus (het-er-op'ag-us) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
irayos fixture]. A fetus, to which another rudi- 
mentary fetus is attached by the abdomen. 
heteropancreatism (het"er-o-pan'kre-at-izm). An 
irregular condition of functionating on the part of 
the pancreas. 
heteropathy (het-er-op'ath-e) [Gr. erepos other + 
Trados suffering], i. Abnormal or morbid sensi- 
tiveness to stimuli. 2. Allopathy. 
heterophasia (het"er-o-fa'ze-ah) [Gr. erepos other 
4- tpaais speech]. The frequent or habitual misuse 
of terms due to some central lesion. 
heterophasis (het"er-o-fa'sis). Heterophasia. 
heterophemia, heterophemy (het"er-o-fe'me- 
ah, het-er-of'e-me) [Gr. erepos other + iprjp-q word]. 
Same as heterophasia. 
heterophonia (het"er-o-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. erepos other 
+ <pwvrj voice]. Any abnormality of the voice or 
of phonation. 
heterophony (het-er-of'o-ne). Same as hetero- 
phonia. 
heterophoralgia (het"er-of-o-ral'je-ah) [Gr. erepos 
other + <pop6s bearing + aXyos pain]. Hetero- 
phoria associated with pain. 
heterophoria (het"er-of-o're-ah) [Gr. erepos other 
+ ipopbs bearing]. Lack of parallelism between 
the visual lines, due to insufficiency of the ocular 
muscles. 
heterophoric (het"er-o-fo'rik). Pertaining to or 
affected with heterophoria. 
heterophthalmia, heterophthalmos (het"er- 
of-thal'me-ah, -thal'mos) [Gr. erepos other + 
bipOaXpos eye]. Difference in the color, or in the 
direction of the axes, of the two eyes. 
heterophthongia (het"er-of-thon'je-ah)[Gr. erepos 
other -|- ipObyyia utterance]. Any abnormality of 
speech. 
Heterophyes (het-er-of'i-ez). A minute trematode 
worm found in the middle third of the small in- 
testine of man, dogs, and cats in Egypt. 
heteroplasia (het"er-o-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. erepos 
other + irXacraeiv to mold]. The replacement 
of normal by abnormal tissue; malposition cf nor- 
mal cells. 
heteroplasm (het'er-o-plazm). Any heterologous 
tissue. 
heteroplastic (het"er-o-plas'tik). Pertaining to 
heteroplasia or to heteroplasty; noting tissue taken 
from one species of animal for transplantation into 
an animal of another species. 
heteroplastid (het"er-o-plas'tid). A surgical graft 
derived from another person or from a lower animal. 
heteroplasty (het'er-o-plas-te) [Gr. erepos other + 
irXacrcreiv to mold]. Plastic surgery in which 
tissue is removed from a sound person, or in 
which a graft is taken from an individual of an- 
other species. HETEROPODAL 
506 
HEXAL 
heteropodal (het-er-op'o-dal) [Gr. erepos other + 
irovs foot]. Having branches or processes of dif- 
ferent kinds: said of nerve-cells. 
heteroproteose (het"er-o-pro'te-6s). A primary 
proteose which is insoluble in water, but soluble in 
dilute salt solution. 
heteropsia (het-er-op'se-ah) [Gr. erepos other + 
bxpis vision]. Unequal vision in the two eyes. 
heteropsycho logic (het"er-o-si-ko-loj'ik). Per- 
taining to ideas formed outside the individual 
mind. 
Heteroptera (het-er-op'ter-ah) [Gr. erepos other + 
irrepov wing]. A suborder of the Hemiptera char- 
acterized by the possession of two pairs of wings, 
one horny, the other membranous. There are two 
genera: Cimex and Lamus. 
heteroptics (het-er-op'tiks) [Gr. erepos other + 
oirrtKos optic]. False or perverted vision. 
heteroscope (het'er-o-skop) [heterophoria + Gr. 
oKoireiv to view]. A pair of fusion tubes so 
mounted as to subserve the observation of the 
progress of cases of heterophoria. 
heteroscopy (het-er-os'ko-pe) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
oKoireiv to see]. Inequality of vision in the two 
eyes. 
heteroserotherapy (het"er-o-se-ro-ther'ap-e). 
Treatment of a patient by serum derived from some 
other individual. 
heterosexual (het"er-o-seks'u-al). Pertaining to 
the opposite sex. 
heterosexuality (het"er-o-seks-u-al'it-e). Love or 
sexual desire toward persons of the opposite sex. 
heterosis (het-er-o'sis) [Gr. erepos other]. Hybrid 
vigor; the condition in which the first generation of 
a hybrid shows more vigor than either of the 
parent strains. 
heterosporous (het-er-os'po-rus) [Gr. erepos 
other -[- ffirbpos seed]. Having two kinds of 
spores. 
heterosuggestion (het"er-o-sug-jest'shun) [Gr. 
erepos other 4~ suggestion]. Suggestion received 
from another person. 
heterotaxia (het"er-o-taks'e-ah) [Gr. erepos other 
4- ra^is arrangement]. Abnormal or anomalous 
placement of viscera or parts. 
heterotaxic (het"er-o-taks'ik). Affected with het- 
erotaxia. 
hetero taxis, heterotaxy (het-er-o-tak'sis, het'er- 
o-tak-se). Heterotaxia. 
heterotherapy (het"er-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. erepos 
different 4- depaTreia treatment]. Treatment of 
disease by remedies which are antagonistic to the 
principal symptoms of the disease; non-specific 
therapy. 
heterotonia (het"er-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. erepos other 
4- rbvos tension]. Variable tension. 
heterotopia, heterotopy (het"er-o-to'pe-ah, het- 
er-ot'o-pe) [Gr. erepos other 4- rbiros place]. Dis- 
placement or misplacement of parts or organs. 
heterotopic (het"er-o-top'ik). Occurring at an 
abnormal place or upon the wrong part of the 
body. 
hetero toxic (het"er-o-tok'sik). Pertaining to 
heterotoxin. 
heterotoxin (het"er-o-toks'in) [Gr. erepos other 4- 
toxin}. X toxin formed in the body through the 
agency of some organism outside of the body or 
introduced into it from outside. 
heterotoxis (het"er-o-toks'is). Poisoning by toxic 
matter introduced into the system from without. 
heterotransplant (het"er-o-trans'plant). A piece 
of tissue taken from one individual and trans- 
planted into an individual of a different species. 
heterotransplantation (het"er-o-trans-plan-ta'- 
shun) [Gr. erepos other 4- transplantation}. Trans- 
plantation of tissue from one individual to another 
individual of a different species. 
heterotrichosis (het"er-o-tri-ko'sis) [Gr. erepos 
other + rplx^acs growth of hair]. Growth of 
hair of different colors on the body. h. super- 
cilio'rum, eyebrows of different color (von 
Walther). 
heterotrophia, heterotrophy (het"er-o-tro'fe- 
ah, het-er-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. erepos other + rpoipij 
nourishment]. Any disorder or fault of nutrition. 
heterotrophic (het"er-o-trof'ik) [Gr. erepos 
other + rpo<pb nutrition]. Not self-sustaining: 
said of organisms which are unable to form pro- 
tein and carbohydrates from inorganic nitrogen and 
carbon. See autotrophic. 
heterotropia, heterotropy (het"er-o-tro'pe-ah, 
het-er-ot'ro-pe) [Gr. erepos other 4- rpbiros turn]. 
Same as strabismus. 
heteroxanthin (het"er-ok-zan'thin) [hetero- + 
xanthin}. Methyl-xanthin, a purin body, CeHgN^ 
O2, methyl-dioxypurin, from the urine; one of the 
xanthin bases, and a probable cause of gout. 
heterozoic (het"er-o-zo'ik) [Gr. erepos other + 
^bbov animal]. Pertaining to another animal or 
species of animal. 
heterozygosis (het"er-o-zi-go'sis). The formation 
of hybrids by the union of unlike gametes. 
heterozygote (het"er-o-zi'got) [Gr. erepos other + 
zygote}. An individual which, with regard to any 
or all of its hereditary characters, has received 
unlike contributions from its parents. 
heterozygous (het"er-o-zi'gus). Formed by unlike 
gametes; hybrid. 
hetocresol (he-to-kres'ol). The cinnamic acid ester 
of metacresol, CeHs^CHla-CO.O.CeHi.CHs; a non- 
poisonous, antiseptic, crystalline substance: used 
in tuberculosis. 
hetoform (he'to-form). Bismuth cinnamate, a 
white powder with an odor like cinnamon: used 
in tuberculosis. 
hetol (he'tol). Sodium cinnamate, CeHs/CH)^.- 
CO.ONa: highly commended for intravenous in- 
jection in tuberculosis. 
hetralin (het'ral-in). Resorcinol hexamethylene- 
tetramin, (CH2)6N4.CeH4(OH)2: a urinary anti- 
septic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
hettocyrtosis (het"o-sir-to'sis) [Gr. tittov less + 
Kupr wais curvature]. A slight curvature. 
Heubner's disease (hoyb'nerz) [Johann O. L. 
Heubner, pediatrist in Berlin, 1843-1912]. See 
under disease. 
heurteloup (heFtel-oop, Fr., urt-loo'). An artificial 
leech or cupping apparatus. 
hexabasic (heks-ah-ba'sik) [Gr. e£ six + basic]. 
Having six atoms replaceable by a base. 
hexabiose (heks-ah-bi'os). Same as disaccharid. 
hexabromdioxydiphenylcarbinol (heks"ah- 
brdm-di-oks-e-di-fen-il-kaFbin-ol). A disinfectant 
and germicide far more powerful than carbolic acid, 
being a compound of cresols with halogens. 
hexachinol (heks-ah-ki'nol). An oxycholin prepa- 
ration of hexamethylenetetramin: used in gonor- 
rhea and cystitis. 
hexachromic (heks-ah-kro'mik) [Gr. e£ six 4- 
Xpwpa color]. Able to distinguish only six of the 
seven colors of the spectrum, the indigo not being 
distinguished. 
hexad (heks'ad) [Gr. e£ six]. Any sexivalent ele- 
ment; an element having a valency of six. 
hexadactylism (heks-ah-dak'til-izm) [Gr. ef six 4- 
baurvbos finger]. The occurrence of six fingers 
(or toes) on a hand (or foot). 
hexahydrohematoporphyrin (heks"ah-hi"dro- 
hem"at-o-por'fir-in). One of the resulting products 
of the treatment of hematin with alcohol and a 
reducing agent. 
hexahy dr oxyb e nz e ne (heks' 'ah-hi-drok-se-ben'- 
zen). See inosite. Called also hexahydroxybenzol, 
hexahydrahexaoxybenzene. 
hexal (heks'al). Hexamethylenamin sulphosalic- HEXALET 
507 
HIDROTIC 
yUte, a crystalline compound: used in cystitis, 
nephritis, etc. 
hexalet (heks'al-et). Hexamethylenetetramin sal- 
icyl sulphonic acid, (CH2)6N4.C6H3(OH)(COOH)- 
SO2OH.H2O: used as a sedative urinary anti- 
septic. Dose, 75-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
hexamecol (heks-am'e-kol). A compound of 
guaiacol and hexamethylenamin: used by inunction 
for the pains of phthisis, spondylitis, etc. 
hexamethylated (heks-ah-meth'il-a-ted). Contain- 
ing six methyl groups. 
hexamethylenamin (heks-ah-meth"il-en-am'in). 
The U. S. P. name for urotropin. 
hexamethylendiamin (heks-ah-meth"il-en-di'- 
am-in). A ptomain, NH2(CH2)eNH2, from decom- 
posing pancreas and muscle. 
hexamethylenetetramin (heks-ah-meth"il-en- 
tet-ram'in). Urotropin. 
hexamethyl violet. Crystal violet; an anilin of 
the triphenylmethane group, having bactericidal 
properties. 
hexamine (hex'am-in). The B. P. name for hexa- 
methylenetetramin. See urotropin. 
hexane (heks'an). A liquid hydrocarbon, C8H14. 
Hexapoda (hex-ap'o-dah) [Gr. six + ttovs foot]. 
Insects. 
hexatomic (heks-at-om'ik) [Gr. e£ six + atom], 
1. Containing six atoms of an element, or six re- 
placeable univalent atoms. 2. In immunology, 
having the power of binding six complements of 
different strains. 
hexavaccine (heks-ah-vak'sen). A vaccine contain- 
ing six different organisms. 
hexavalent (heks-av'al-ent). Sexivalent. 
Hexenmilch (hek'sen-miltsh) [Ger. "witches' 
milk"]. A milk-like secretion from the breasts of 
newborn children. 
hexone bases (heks'bn). See under base. 
hexonic (heks-on'ik). Pertaining to the hexone 
bases. 
hexos, hexose (heks'os, -os). A monosaccharid; 
any member of a certain group of sugars having 
six carbon atoms. 
hexosazone (heks-o-sa'zon). An osazone formed 
from a hexose. 
hexyl (heks'il) [Gr. eg six + vXi) substance]. A hy- 
drocarbon, C0H13, in many isomeric forms. 
hexylamin (heks-il-am'in) [hexyl + amin], A 
poisonous base, C6H13NH2, from yeast and from 
some samples of cod-liver oil. 
Hey's hernia, ligament, operation, saw (haz) 
[William Hey, English surgeon, 1736-1819]. See 
hernia, ligament, operation, saw. 
Heynsius' test (hin'se-oos) [Adrian Heynsius, 
Dutch physician, 1831-1885]. See test. 
Hg. 1. The symbol for mercury (L. hydrargyrum). 
2. Abbreviation for hemoglobin. 
HgCl3. Mercuric chlorid. 
Hg2Cl2, Mercurous chlorid. 
Hgl2. Mercuric iodid. 
Hg3I2. Mercurous iodid. 
Hg(NO3)2. Mercuric nitrate. 
HgO. Mercuric oxid. 
Hg2O. Mercurous oxid. 
HgS. Mercuric sulphid. 
HgSO2. Mercuric sulphate. 
H. + Hm. Compound hypermetropic astigmatism. 
HI. Hydriodic acid. 
hiatus (hi-a'tus) [L.]. 1. Any gap or fissure. 2. 
The helicotrema. 3. The vulva, h. aor'ticus 
[BN A], the aortic opening of the diaphragm. 
Breschet's h., the helicotrema. h. cana'lis 
facialis [B N A]. Same as h.fallopii. h. fallo'- 
pii, an opening in the petrous bone for the petrosal 
branch of the vidian nerve, h. femora'lis, the 
femoral ring. h. fina'lis sacra'lis, a cleft in the 
lowermost sacral vertebra, h. interme'dius 
lumbosacra'lis, a spinal cleft in the region of 
the first sacral vertebra, considered a normally de- 
layed ossification in young subjects, h. interos- 
se'us, the opening above the interosseous mem- 
brane of the forearm for the passage of the pos- 
terior interroseous vessels, h. lumbosacra'lis, 
the gap between the arches of the fifth lumbar and 
first sacral vertebrae, which is greater than the 
space, between any two vertebrae at a higher level, 
maxillary h., the opening into the antrum of 
Highmore on the nasal surface of the superior max- 
illa. h. oesopha'geus [B N A], the esophageal 
opening of the diaphragm, h. sacra'lis [B N A], 
the opening at the inferior end of the sacral canal. 
Scarpa's h., the opening between the scala 
tympani and the scala vestibuli. h. semiluna'- 
ris. i. [B N A] The groove in the external wall 
of the middle meatus of the nasal fossa into which 
the antrum of Highmore and the anterior ethmoid 
cells open. 2. The opening in the fascia of the arm 
transmitting the basilic vein and the internal cuta- 
neous nerve, h. tendin'eus, the anterior open- 
ing of Hunter's canal, h. tendin'eus adduc- 
to'rius [B N A], the femoral opening, h. tota'- 
lis sacra'lis, a cleft in all of the sacral vertebrae, 
sometimes also including one or several of the 
lowest lumbar vertebrae. 
Hibbs' operation (hibz) [Russell H. Hibbs, con- 
temporary New York surgeon]. See under opera- 
tion. 
hibernation (hi-ber-na'shun) [L. hibe/na winter]. 
The dormant state in which certain animals pass 
the winter. 
hiccup, hiccough (hik'up, hik'of). A sharp 
inspiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and 
diaphragm; singultus. 
Hick's sign (hiks) [John Braxton Hicks, English 
gynecologist, 1825-1897]. See under sign. 
hide-bound (hld'bownd). Affected with sclero- 
derma. 
hidradenitis (hid-rad-en-i'tis) [Gr. I8pus sweat 4- 
abr/v gland + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of a sweat-gland, h. suppurati'va, a disease 
of the sweat-glands marked by the development 
of one or more cutaneous, shot-like nodules, 
which gradually enlarge to the size of a pea, and 
undergo softening and suppuration, with subse- 
quent discharge. 
hidradenoma (hi"drad-en-o'mah). Same as syr- 
ingocystadenoma. 
hidroa (hid-ro'ah) [Gr. 18pwa sudamina; Ibpus 
sweat]. 1. Sudamina or other skin affection ac- 
companied by sweating. 2. See hydroa. 
hidrocystoma (hid"ro-sis-to'mah) [Gr. Ibpus sweat 
+ cystoma], A retention-cyst of a sweat-gland; 
pompholyx. 
hidromancy (hid'ror-man-se) [Gr. I8pus sweat + 
pavreia medication]. Prognosis based upon the 
character of the sweat. 
hidropoiesis (hid"ro-poi-e'sis) [Gr. ISpus sweat 
+ iroli]<ris formation]. The formation of sweat. 
hidropoietic (hid"ro-poi-et'ik) [Gr. 18 pus sweat + 
ttoieiv to make]. Pertaining to the secretion of 
sweat. 
hidrorrhea (hid-ror-re'ah) [Gr. 13 pus sweat + 
pot a flow]. Profuse perspiration. 
hidrosadenitis (hi"dro-sad-en-i'tis) [Gr. 18 pus 
sweat + abr/v gland + -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the sweat-glands. 
hidroschesis (hid-ros'kes-is) [Gr. perspira- 
tion axeais holding]. Suppression of the per- 
spiration. 
hidrosis (hid-ro'sis) [Gr. I8pus sweat]. 1. The 
secretion and excretion of the sweat. 2. Any 
skin disease affecting primarily the sweat-glands. 
3. Too profuse sweating. 
hidrotic (hid-rot'ik). Causing hidrosis; sudorific. hiemalis (hi-em-a'lis). Pertaining or occurring in 
winter. 
hiera picra (hi'er-ah pi'krah) [Gr. " holy bit- 
ters "]. Powder of aloes and canella; L., pul'vis 
al'oes el canel'la. 
hieralgia (hi-er-al'je-ah) [Gr. lepbv sacrum + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the sacrum. 
hieromania (hi"er-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. lepos sacred + 
pavla madness]. Religious insanity or frenzy. 
hierophobia (hi"er-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. lepos sacred + 
<p60os fear]. A morbid fear or anxiety affecting 
clergymen in their public functions. 
hierotherapy (hi"er-o-ther'a-pe) [Gr. lepbs sacred 
+ Oepairda therapy]. The treatment of disease 
by religious exercises. 
high-blowing. The sound caused by the vibra- 
tion of the nostrils of a horse when breathing rap- 
idly. 
high-frequency (hi-fre'kwen-se). Having a fre- 
quency higher than normal; a term applied to an 
alternating electric current having a large number 
of electric oscillations per second. 
Highmore's antrum, body, etc. (hi'morz) 
[Nathaniel Highmore, English surgeon, 1613-1684]. 
See antrum, body, etc. 
highmoritis (hi-mor-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
antrum of Highmore. 
higueron (hig-wer'on). The plant Ficus laurifolia; 
the milk of plant is used in ankylostomiasis. 
hilastic (hi-las'tik) [Gr. IXaauos atonement]. In 
Greek medicine, prophylactic, in the sense of di- 
verting disease by rites of propitiation. 
Hildenbrand's disease (hil'den-brands) [Johann 
Valentin Hildenbrand, Austrian physician, 1763- 
1818]. Typhus fever. 
hillock (hil'ok). A small prominence or elevation, 
axon h., the cone-shaped insertion of a neuron 
in its neuraxon. Doyere's h., the elevation 
where a nerve-fiber enters a muscle, seminal h., 
the verumontanum. 
Hilton's muscle (hil'tunz) [John Hilton, English 
surgeon, 1804-1878].See muscles, table of. 
hilum (hi'lum) [L.]. A depression or pit at the 
entrance and exit of the vessels, nerves, and duct 
of a gland. h. hep'atis, the transverse fissure 
of the liver, h. of the kidney, the opening in 
the concave edge of the kidney through which the 
vessels and nerves enter, h. lie'nis, the hilum 
of the spleen, h. of the lung, the depression 
on the mediastinal surface of the lung where the 
bronchus, blood-vessels, nerves, etc., enter, h. 
pulmo'nis, the hilum of the lung. h. rena'lis, 
the hilum of the kidney, h. of the spleen, 
the fissure on the gastric surface of the spleen where 
the vessels and nerves enter. 
hilus (hi'lus) [L.]. Same as hilum, h. lie'nis 
[B N A], the hilum of the spleen, h. nu'clei 
oliva'ris [B N A], the mesial end of the inferior 
olivary nucleus, h. pulmo'nis [B N A], hilum of 
the lung. h. rena'lis [B N A], hilum of the 
kidney. 
himantosis (hi-man-to'sis) [Gr. IpavTonrcs, from 
ijuas strap]. Elongation of the uvula. 
hind-brain (hind'bran). A term which has been 
variously applied to the cerebellum, the cerebellum 
and pons, the medulla oblongata, and the entire 
rhombencephalon. Cf. metencephalon. 
hind-gut (hind'gut). The embryonic structure 
whence the colon is formed. 
hind-kidney (hind-kid'ne). The metanephros, 
hinge-joint (hinj'joint). See ginglymus. 
hip (hip). The region on each side of the pelvis, 
h.-bone, the os innominatum. h.-joint, the 
articulation of the innominate bone and the femur, 
h.-joint disease, tuberculosis of the hip-joint, 
resulting in chronic suppuration, the development 
of necrosis and fistulas, or anklyosis from plastic 
effusion. The disease is marked by pain which 
HIEMALIS 
508 
is often felt in the knee, and is increased on pres- 
sure over the trochanter, sudden crying out during 
the night, muscular contraction, stiffness of the 
joint, etc. snapping h., a condition marked by 
a slipping around of the hip-joint, with sometimes 
an audible snap, due to the slipping of a tendinous 
band over the great trochanter. 
hipped (hipt). Having a fracture at the point of 
the hip: said of horses. 
hippiater (hip'e-a-ter). A veterinarian. 
hippiatric (hip-e-at'rik). Veterinary. 
hippiatrics, hippiatry (hip-e-at'riks, hip'e-at-re) 
[Gr. ittttos horse + larpbs physician]. Veterin- 
ary medicine and surgery. 
hippo (hip'o). A dangerous arrow-poison from 
eastern Africa. 
Hippobosca (hip-o-bos'kah) [Gr. ittttos horse + 
ffoaKeiv to feed]. The typical genus of the family 
Hippoboscidae. They are pupiparous, dipterous, 
parasitic insects called the winged tick fly of the 
horse. H. ru'flpes, the species which is thought 
to transmit galziekte. 
hippocamp (hip'o-kamp). Same as hippocampus. 
hippocampal (hip-o-kam'pal). Pertaining to the 
hippocampus. 
hippocampus (hip-o-kam'pus) [Gr. ImroKapTros 
sea-horse]. [B N A] A curved structure on the floor 
of the middle horn of the lateral ventricle. It is a 
submerged gyrus forming the larger part of the ol- 
factory cerebral cortex. Called also hippocampus 
major, Amnion's horn, and cornu ammonis. h. 
mi'nor, a white elevation on the floor of the pos- 
terior cornu of the lateral ventricle, the calcar avis, 
h. nu'dus, a small part of the hippocampus on the 
median surface of the brain, in the cavity formed 
by the splenial bending of the fascia dentata. 
hippocastanum (hip-o-kas'tan-um). Horse- 
chestnut. See Aisculus. 
hippocoprosterol (hip"o-ko-pros'te-rol) [Gr. Imro^ 
horse + Kosrpos dung + sterol]. A sterol found in 
the feces of herbivorous animals and derived from 
the phytosterol of grass and other food plants, C27- 
H64O. 
hippocratic (hip-o-krat'ik). Pertaining to or de- 
scribed by Hippocrates, a famous Greek physician, 
born in the island of Cos, 460 b. c., and called the 
" Father of Medicine." He taught the " humoral 
theory " of disease, and from his pupils he exacted 
an oath {hippocratic oath) that they would never 
abuse their trust by criminal practice nor disclose 
professional secrets. Of the 87 writings forming 
the so-called " hippocratic collection," many were 
doubtless composed by other writers, h. face. 
See facies hippocratica. 
hippocratism (hip-o'krat-izm). The hippocratic 
system of treatment, based on imitating the proc- 
esses of nature. 
hippol (hip'ol). Methylene hippuric acid, CgHs.- 
CO.N(CH2)2COOH, a colorless, crystalline sub- 
stance: used as a urinary antiseptic. 
hippolite, hippolith (hip'o-lit, hip'o-lith) [Gr. 
itfttos horse + XtOos stone]. A bezoar, or con- 
cretion, from the alimentary canal of the horse. 
Hippomane (hip-om'a-ne) [Gr. ittttos horse + 
pavla madness]. A genus of euphorbiaceous trees. 
H. mancinel'la is the highly poisonous manchi- 
neel tree: used in homeopathy. 
hippomelanin (hip-o-mel'an-in) [Gr. itcttos horse 
+ peXas black]. A black pigment from tu- 
mors and marrow of horses affected with mel- 
anosis. 
hippostercorin (hip-o-ster'ko-rin). Hippocopros- 
terol. 
hippurate (hip'u-rat) [Gr. 'Ittitos horse + ovpov 
urine]. Any salt of hippuric acid. The hippu- 
. rates of lime, lithium, and sodium are solvents 
of the urates, and are useful in gouty and cal- 
culous diseases. Dose, 4-15 gr. (0.26-1 gm.). 
hippuria (hip-u're-ah) [Gr. tiriros horse + ovpov 
urine]. Excess of hippuric acid in the urine. 
HIPPURIA HIPPURIC 
509 
HISTOMETAPLASTIC 
hippuric (hip-u'rik) [Gr. tiriros horse + ovpov 
urine]. Derivable from the urine of horses. 
See under acid. 
hippus (hip'us) [Gr. 'Itt-kos horse]. Tremor of the 
iris, producing rapid, spasmodic alteration of the 
size of the pupil, respiratory h., dilatation of 
the pupil during inspiration and contraction dur- 
ing expiration. 
hip-shot. Deformed by fracture of the haunch: 
said of a horse. 
hirathiol (hi-rath'e-ol). A brownish-black syrupy 
liquid, ammonium sulphoichthyolate, resembling 
ichthyol and used for the same purposes. 
hirax (hi'raks). A proprietary lotion; a remedy 
for mosquito-bites, insect-stings, etc. 
hircin (hir'sin) [L. hir'cus goat]. An ill-smelling 
principle from the suet of goats. 
hircismus (hir-siz'mus) [L. hir'cus goat]. The 
strong odor of the axillae. 
hircus (hir'kus), pl. hir'd [L. "a goat"]. 1. An 
axillary hair. 2. The strong odor of the axillae. 
3. The tragus of the ear. 
Hirschberg's reaction (hirsh'bergz) [Leonard 
Keene Hirschberg, physician in Baltimore, born 
1877]. See reaction. 
Hirschfeld's nerve [Ludwig Moritz Hirschfeld, 
Austrian anatomist, 1816-1876]. See nerves, 
table of. 
Hirschsprung's disease (hirsh'sproongz) [Harold 
Hirschsprung, a Danish physician, 1830-1916]. See 
under disease. 
hirsute (her'sut) [L. hirsu'tus]. Shaggy; having 
long hair. 
hirsuties (her-su'she-ez) [L.]. Excessive hairi- 
ness. 
hirsutism (heFsut-izm). Abnormal hairiness, espe- 
cially in women. 
hirudin (hi-ru'din) [L. hiru'do leech]. The active 
principle of the secretion of the buccal glands of 
leeches. It has the power of preventing coagula- 
tion of the blood. 
Hirudinea (hi-ru-din'e-ah). A class of the An- 
nelida; the leeches. It comprises three orders: 
Acanthobdellidea, Arhynchobdellidea, Rhynchob- 
dellidea.. 
hirudiniasis (hi-ru-din-i'as-is). Invasion of the 
nose, mouth, pharynx, or larynx by leeches. 
hirudinize (hi-ru'din-iz). To render the blood non- 
coagulable by the injection of hirudin. 
Hirudo (hi-ru'do), pl. hiru'dines. Latin for leech. 
A genus of the Hirudinea. H. medicina'lis, the 
well-known olive-gray leech that was formerly 
used extensively for therapeutic purposes. H. 
trocti'na, the common European leech which is 
marked with green, orange, and black somewhat 
like a trout. 
His' band or bundle, spindle [Wilhelm His, 
German physician, born 1863]. See bundle and 
spindle. 
His' bursa, canal, rule, spaces, zone, etc. 
[Wilhelm His, German anatomist, 1831-1904]. See 
bursa, canal, rule, spaces, zone, etc. 
Hiss' stain [Philip Hanson Hiss, New York bacteri- 
ologist, 1868-1913]. See stains, table of. 
histaffine (his-taf'in) [Gr. laros tissue + L. affi'nis 
having affinity for]. 1. Having affinity for tis- 
sues. 2. A substance present in the blood-serum 
of animals affected with certain diseases, which 
combine with certain constituents of the tissues, 
thus producing the phenomenon of fixation of the 
complement. 
histamin (his'tam-in). An amin produced from 
histidin by the loss of CO2; betaiminazolylethyl- 
amin, CsH3N2(CH2)2NH2: used like pituitrin, espe- 
cially in the form of histamin hydrochlorid. h. 
hydrochlorid. Same as imido-Roche. 
histaminemia (his-tam-in-e'me-ah). The presence 
of histamin in the blood. 
histenzyme (his-ten'zim) [Gr. laros tissue 4- 
enzyme], A ferment from the kidney which splits 
up hippuric acid into benzoic acid and glycocoll. 
histic (his'tik). Pertaining to or of the nature of 
tissue. 
histidin (his'tid-in). An amino-acid, C3H3N2CH2- 
CH(NH2)CO2H, first found as a decomposition 
product of the protamin of sturgeon testes (Kossel, 
1896); obtainable from any protein by the action of 
sulphuric acid and water. 
histiogenic (his"te-o-jen'ik). Histogenous. 
histioid (his'te-oid). Same as histoid. 
histio-irritative (his"te-o-ir'it-a-tiv) [Gr. lalov 
tissue + irritative]. Having an irritative effect on 
connective tissue. 
histioma (his-te-o'mah). Same as histoma. 
histionic (his-te-on'ik) [Gr. larlov web, tissue]. 
Pertaining to or derived from a tissue. 
histo- [Gr. taros web]. A prefix denoting some 
relation to the tissues. 
histoblast (his'to-blast) [Gr. laros tissue + 
/BXaarbs germ]. A tissue-cell. 
histochemistry (his-to-kem'is-tre) [histo- + chem- 
istry]. The chemistry of living or organized 
tissues. 
histoclastic (his-to-klas'tik) [Gr. laros tissue + 
KXaarbs breaking]. Breaking down tissue: said 
of certain cells. 
histocyte (his'to-sit) [Gr. laros tissue + Kvros 
cell]. A connective-tissue cell. 
histodiagnosis (his"to-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. laros tis- 
sue + diagnosis]. Diagnosis by microscopic exam- 
ination of the tissues. 
histodialysis (his"to-di-al'is-is) [histo- + dialy- 
sis]. The disintegration or breaking down of 
tissues. 
histofluorescence (his"to-flu-o-res'ens). Fluores- 
cence produced in the body by the administration 
of some substance previous to exposure to the 
x-rays. 
histogenesis (his-to-jen'es-is) [Gr. laros web + 
yeveats production]. The formation or develop- 
ment of tissues from the undifferentiated cells of 
the germ-layers of the embryo. 
histogenetic (his"to-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to his- 
togeny. 
histogenol (his-to-je'nol). A compound of disodium 
methylarsenate and nucleic acid: used in tuber- 
culosis. 
histogenous (his-toj'en-us) [Gr. laros tissue -|- 
yevvap to produce]. Formed by the tissues. 
histogeny (his-toj'en-e). Histogenesis. 
histohematin (his-to-hem'at-in) [Gr. laros tissue 
+ hematin]. Any one of a certain group of red 
tissue pigments found in the muscles, supra- 
renal glands, and other organs, and thought to 
have a respiratory function similar to that of 
hematin. 
histohematogenous (his"to-hem-at-oj'en-us) [Gr. 
laros tissue + al/za blood + -yep to produce]. 
Formed both from the tissues and from the 
blood. 
histoid (his'toid) [Gr. laros web + e*3os form ]. 1. 
Web-like. 2. Developed from but one tissue. 
3. Like the tissues of the surrounding parts. 
histology (his-tol'o-je) [Gr. laros web + Xbyos dis- 
course]. The sum of knowledge regarding the 
minute structure and composition of the tissues, 
normal h., the histology of normal and healthy 
tissues, pathologic h., the histology of dis- 
eased tissues. 
histolysis (his-tol'is-is) [Gr. laros web + Xvetv to 
loosen]. The dissolution or breaking down of 
the tissues. 
histoma (his-to'mah) [Gr. laros tissue + -upa 
tumor]. Any tissue tumor, as a fibroma. 
histometaplastic (his"to-met-ap-las'tik). Stimu- 
lating metaplasia of tissue. HISTOMORPHOLOGY 
510 
HOLAGOGUE 
histomorphology (his-to-mor-fol'o-je). Histology, 
histon, histone (his'ton) [Gr. loros web]. A sim- 
ple protein, soluble in water and insoluble in dilute 
ammonia. The globin of hemoglobin is a histone. 
Some are decidedly poisonous and contain a con- 
siderable amount of phosphorus. Combined with 
leukonuclein they form nucleohiston. Blood 
treated with histon is altered so that it coagulates 
with difficulty. Histon has been found in the urine 
in leukemia and febrile conditions. Cf. prolamin. 
h. nucleinate, a compound of nucleic acid and 
histon, the characteristic • constituent of lymph- 
glands, spleen, and thymus. 
histonomy (his-ton'o-me) [Gr. loros web + vbpos 
law], A statement of the laws of tissue develop- 
ment. 
histonuria (his-ton-u're-ah) [histon + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of histon in the urine. 
histopathology (his"to-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. loros 
tissue J- pathology]. Pathologic histology. 
histophysiology (his"to-fiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. loros 
tissue + physiology]. The physiology of the 
minute elements of the tissues. 
histopin (his'to-pin). An extract from staphylo- 
cocci: used for immunization of the skin to infec- 
tious dermatitis. 
Histoplas'ma capsula'tum. A protozoan organ- 
ism found by Darling (1906) in peculiar lesions of 
the lungs, spleen, liver, and bone-marrow of a 
negro resembling the splenomegaly of kala-azar. 
histoplasmosis (his"to-plaz-mo'sis). The disease 
caused by the presence of histoplasma in the body. 
It is marked by splenomegaly, emaciation, fever, 
and leukopenia, the pathologic lesions being the 
presence of small gray nodules in the lungs, smaller 
yellowish nodules in the spleen, irregular grayish 
areas in the liver, and neurosis and ulceration of 
the small intestine and cecum. 
histopsyche (his-to-si'ke) [Gr. loros web J- /vxv 
soul]. The tissue soul; the higher psychologic 
function of tissue. 
histopsychology (his"to-si-kol'o-je) [Gr. loros tis- 
sue + psychology]. The study of minute structure 
combined with psychologic analysis. 
historetention (his"to-re-ten'shun). Retention 
of matter by the tissues. 
historrhexis (his-to-rek'sis) [Gr. loros tissue + 
py^is rupture]. Breaking up of tissue; Southard's 
term for focal destruction of nerve-tissue of non- 
infectious nature. 
histosan (his'to-san). A guaiacol-albumin prep- 
aration used in respiratory diseases. Dose, 1-4 
dr. (4-16 gm.). 
Histosporid'ium carcinomato'sum. Feinberg's 
name for the alleged parasite of cancer. 
histotherapy (his-to-ther'ap-e) [Gr. loros tissue + 
therapy]. The treatment of disease by the ad- 
ministration of animal tissues. 
histothrombin (his-to-throm'bin). Thrombin 
from connective tissue. 
histotome (his'to-tom) [Gr. loros web J- repveiv 
to cut]. A cutting instrument used in microtomy. 
histotomy (his-tot'o-me) [Gr. loros web + repvecv 
to cut]. The dissection of the tissues; microtomy. 
histotribe (his'to-trib) [Gr. loros tissue + rplfieiv 
to crush]. A strong forceps for clamping on a mass 
of tissue containing blood-vessels to secure hemo- 
stasis. 
histotrophic (his-to-trof'ik) [Gr. loros tissue + 
rpotpi) nutrition]. Encouraging the formation of 
tissue. 
histotropic (his-to-trop'ik) [Gr. loros tissue + 
rpbiros a turning]. Having special affinity for tis- 
sue-cells: said of chemicals. 
histozoic (his-to-zo'ik) [Gr. loris tissue + 
life]. Living on or within the tissues: said of 
parasites. 
histozyme (his'to-zim) [Gr. loros web J- ^vpr] 
leaven]. Any enzyme which causes a fermenta- 
tion in the tissues by producing the hydrolysis of 
hippuric acid. 
histrionic (his-tre-on'ik) [L. his'trio actor]. Char- 
acterized by exaggerated imitative movements 
like those of an actor. 
histrionism (his'tre-on-izm). The insane or hys- 
teric adoption of the manner and gestures of an 
actor. 
Hittorf number, tube (hit'orf) [Johann Wilhelm 
Hittorf, German physicist, 1824-1914]. See number 
and tube. 
Hitzig's girdle (hit'zigz) [Edouard Hitzig, German 
psychiatrist, 1868-1907]. See under girdle. 
hives (hivz). A popular name for urticaria and for 
various other skin diseases. 
Hl. The symbol for latent hypermetropia. 
Hm. The symbol for manifest hypermetropia. 
H.M.C. Abbreviation for hyoscin-morphin-cactin- 
anesthesia. See under anesthetic. 
HNO2. Nitrous acid. 
HNO3. Nitric acid. 
Ho. Chemical symbol of holmium. 
H2O. Water. 
H2O2. Hydrogen dioxid or peroxid. 
hoang-nan (ho-ang-nan'). A Chinese remedy for 
leprosy and syphilis; the bark of S try ch'nos gaul- 
theria'na. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.33 gm.); of 
tincture, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). 
hoarseness (hors'nes). A rough quality of voice. 
Hochsinger's phenomenon (hok'sing-erz) [Karl 
Hochsinger, contemporary Austrian pediatrist]. 
See phenomenon. 
hock (hok). The tarsal joint or region of the tarsus- 
in the hind leg of the horse or ox. capped h., a 
cyst or a thickening of the skin over the point of 
the calcaneum in the horse, curby h., a hock, 
affected with curb. 
Hodara's disease (ho-dar'ahz) [Menahem Hodara, 
a Turkish physician]. See disease. 
hodegetics (hod-e-jet'iks). Medical etiquette. 
Hodge's forceps, pessary, plane, etc. [Hugh 
Lenox Hodge, Philadelphia gynecologist, 1796- 
1873]. See forceps, pessary, plane, etc. 
Hodgkin's disease or granuloma (hoj'kinz> 
[Thomas Hodgkin, English physician, 1788-1866]. 
See disease. 
Hodgson's disease (hoj'sonz) [Joseph Hodgson, 
English physician, 1788-1869]. See disease. 
hodoneuromere (ho-do-nu'ro-mer) [Gr. bios path 
+ vevpov nerve J- pepos part]. A segment of the 
embryonic trunk with its pair of nerves and their 
branches. 
Hoffa's disease, operation (hof'az) [Albert 
Hof a, German surgeon, 1859-1907]. See disease 
and operation. 
Hoffmann's anodyne (hof'manz) [Friedrich 
Hofmann, German physician, 1660-1742]. See 
anodyne 
Hoffmann's atrophy, sign [Johann Hofmann, 
contemporary German physician]. See atrophy and 
sign. 
Hoffmann's bacillus [Georg von Hofmann. 
Wellenhof, Austrian bacteriologist]. See bacillus. 
Hoffmann's duct [Moritz Hofmann, German 
anatomist, 1622-1698]. The duct of Wirsung. 
Hoffmann's violet [August Wilhelm Hofmann, 
German chemist, 1818-1892]. Dahlia. 
hog-cholera (hog-kol'er-ah). See under cholera. 
holadin (hol'ad-in) [Gr. 0X0$ entire + ab-qv gland].. 
A proprietary preparation of the entire pancreas, 
used in cases of imperfect digestion. It is sold in 
3 gr. capsules. 
holagogue (hol'ag-og) [Gr. oXos whole + bycoybs 
leader]. A medicine capable of expelling all disease 
humors. holarrhenin (hol-ar-e'nin). An alkaloid from 
various species of Holarrhena; a cardiac poison. 
holarthritis (hol-ar-thri'tis). Same as hamarthritis. 
Holden's line (hol'denz) [Luther Holden, English 
surgeon, 1815-1905]. See line. 
holding method (hol'ding). See under method. 
holgin (hol'jin). An antiseptic compound of men- 
thol, 1 part, formaldehyd, 17.5 parts, and methyl 
alcohol, 81.5 parts. 
hollow-back (hol'o-bak). See lordosis. 
hollow-horn (hoi'o-horn). A disease of cattle, 
characterized by leanness, general debility, coarse 
hair, and scurviness. 
Holmgren's test (holm'grenz) [A. C. Holmgren, 
Swedish physiologist, 1831-1897]. See under test. 
holoacardius (hol-o-ah-kar'de-us) [Gr. oXos entire 
+ a neg. + Kapbia heart]. A monster-fetus with 
a completely closed body, but lacking a heart. 
holoblastic (hol-o-blas'tik) [Gr. oXos entire + ^Xa<r- 
tos germ]. A term applied to the ova of certain 
animals in which the entire egg undergoes seg- 
mentation, and nearly all the yolk goes to the 
formation of the germ. 
holocain (hol-o-ka'in). A crystalline base, phe- 
netidyl acetphenetidin, C2H6O.C6H4.NH.C.(CH3): 
N.C6H4(OC2H5), nearly allied to phenacetin; its 
hydrochlorid is a local anesthetic and antiseptic, 
and is used like cocain. It is an active convulsant 
poison, h. hydrochlorid, a white, crystalline 
compound, an effective local anesthetic, but danger- 
ous when subcutaneously employed: it is used 
chiefly in eye diseases in 1 per cent, solution. 
holocephalic (hol"o-sef-al'ik) [Gr. oXos whole + 
KetpaXrj head]. Having the head entire: said of 
a monster-fetus. 
holocrine (hol'o-krin) [Gr. 0X0$ whole + Kpiveiv to 
separate]. Wholly secretory: a term applied to 
glands whose only function is to form a secre- 
tion. 
holodiastolic (hol"o-di-as-tol'ik) [Gr. oXos entire 
+ diastole}. Pertaining to the entire diastole. 
holomastigote (hol-o-mas'tig-6t) [Gr. oXos whole + 
paaTL^ lash]. Having numerous flagella scattered 
over the body. 
holomorphosis (hol-o-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. oXos whole 
+ pbpipwms formation]. The complete regenera- 
tion of a lost part. 
holomyerial (hol"o-mi-e're-al). A type of ar- 
rangement of the muscular system in the Nema- 
toda. The muscle-cells are small, numerous, close 
together, and form a band below the cuticle. 
holophytic (hol-o-fit'ik) [Gr. oXos whole + tpvrbv 
plant]. Having the characters of a plant: said of 
certain protozoa. 
holopon (hol'o-pon). An aqueous extract contain- 
ing the total opium alkaloids (10 per cent, strength) 
free from colloids and other insoluble matter. It is 
suitable for injection. 
holorachischisis (hol"or-a-kis'kis-is) [Gr. oXos 
entire fl- pax1? spinal column + cleft]. Fis- 
sure of the entire spinal cord. 
holoschisis (hol-os'kis-is) [Gr. oXos entire + ax^s 
cleft]. Same as amitosis. 
holosystolic (hol"o-sis-tol'ik) [Gr. oXos entire + 
systole]. Pertaining to the entire systole. 
holotetanus (hol-o-tet'an-us) [Gr. oXos whole + 
tetanus], General tetanus. 
Holothyrus (hol-o-thi'rus). A genus of ticks. 
H. coccinel'la, of Mauritius, is found on geese, and 
is poisonous to human subjects, causing a painful 
swelling of the tongue and throat. 
holotonia (hol-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. oXos whole + tovos 
tension]. Muscular spasm of the whole body. 
holo tonic (hol-o-ton'ik). Affected with holotonia. 
holotrichous (hol-ot'rik-us) [Gr. 0X0$ whole + 
0pl% hair]. Covered with cilia. 
holozoic (hol-o-zo'ik) [Gr. oXos whole + ^ov 
HOLARRHENIN 
511 
animal]. Having all its characters those of an 
animal. Cf. holophytic. 
Holthouse's hernia (holt'howz-es) [Carsten Holt- 
house, English surgeon, 1810-1901]. See hernia. 
holzin (hol'zin). A preparation containing men- 
thol, formaldehyd, and methyl alcohol: given by 
inhalation for tuberculosis. 
holzinol (hol'zin-ol). A disinfectant containing: 
formaldehyd, 2 parts; menthol, 40 parts; and 
methyl alcohol, 58 parts. 
homalocephalus (hom"al-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. bpaXos 
level + KeipaXrj head]. Flat-headed. 
homalography (hom-al-og'raf-e) [Gr. bpaXbs level 
+ ypaipeiv to write]. The study of anatomy by 
means of plane sections of the parts. 
Homalomyia (ho"mal-o-mi'e-ah). A genus of 
flies whose maggots sometimes infest the human 
intestine. 
homatropin (ho-mat'ro-pin). A mydriatic alka- 
loid, C16H2iNO3, or tropin mandelate, from atro- 
pin. It is slightly soluble in water, and is used to 
produce dilatation of the pupil and paralysis of 
accommodation for the purpose of examining the 
interior of the eye and determining its refraction. 
Dose, | gr. (0.022 gm.); of hydrobromate, | gr. 
(0.016 gm.). 
homaxial, homaxonic (ho-mak'se-al, ho-mak- 
son'ik). Having the axes all similar: said of cocci 
that grow alike in all directions of space. 
Home's lobe [Sir Everard Home, English surgeon,. 
1763-1832]. See lobe. 
homeo-, homceo- (ho'me-o-) [Gr. bpoios like]. A 
prefix denoting similarity. 
homeocyte (ho-me'o-sit) [Gr. bpocos like + kutos 
cell]. Same as lymphocyte. 
homeomorphous (ho"me-o-mor'fus) [homeo- + 
Gr. poptpi] form]. Of like form and structure. 
homeo-osteoplasty (ho"mc-o-os'te-o-plas-te) [Gr. 
bpoios like + bareov bone + irXavaetv to mold]. 
The surgical implantation of a piece of a bone 
similar to the grafted bone. 
homeopath (ho'me-o-path). Homeopathist. 
homeopathic (ho"me-o-path'ik). Pertaining to 
homeopathy. 
homeopathist (ho-me-op'ath-ist). One who prac- 
tises homeopathy. 
homeopathy, homoeopathy (ho-me-op'ath-e) 
[Gr. opocos like vraSos disease], A system of 
therapeutics "founded by Samuel Christian Fred- 
rich Hahnemann (1755-1843) based on the follow- 
ing theories: first, the doctrine of signatures, namely, 
that diseases are curable by those drugs which pro- 
duce effects on the body similar to the symptoms of 
the disease (similia similibus curantur); second, that 
the effect of drugs is increased by giving them in 
minute doses, which are to be obtained by carrying 
dilution or trituration to an extreme limit; third, 
the notion that most chronic diseases are only a 
manifestation of suppressed itch or 'psora' " (Gar- 
rison, History of Medicine). 
homeoplasia (ho"me-o-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. opoios like 
+ TrXdaaetv to form]. The formation of new 
tissue like that adjacent to it and normal to the 
part. 
homeoplastic (ho"me-o-plas'tik). Resembling the 
structure of adjacent parts. 
homeotherapy (ho"me-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. opotor 
like + Oepairela treatment]. Treatment of dis- 
ease with a substance similar to but not the same as 
the causative agent of the disease. 
homeothermal (ho-me-o-ther'mal) [Gr. opoios alike 
+ Oeppt) heat]. Same as homothermal. 
homeotransplant (ho"me-o-trans'plant). A piece 
of tissue taken from one individual and transplanted 
into another individual of the same species. 
homeotransplantation (ho"me-o-trans-plan-ta'- 
shun) [Gr. bpotos like + transplantation], Trans- 
plantation of tissue from one individual to another 
of the same species. 
HOMEOTRANSPLANTATION homeotypical (ho"me-o-tip'ik-al) [Gr. ouoios alike 
+ tvttos type]. Resembling the normal or usual 
type. 
homergy (hom'er-je) [Gr. bubs same + epyov 
work]. Normal metabolism. 
home-sickness (hom'sik-nes). Intense longing 
for home; nostalgia. 
homiculture (hom'e-kult-ur) [L. ho'mo man + 
cultu'ra culture]. The stirpiculture of the human 
species. 
homigrade thermometer (hom'ig-rad). See 
thermometer. 
homo-. A prefix in chemical names indicating the 
addition of one CH2 group to the main compound. 
homo-arecolin (ho"mo-ar-ek'o-lin). A yellowish 
liquid, C7H10(C2H5)NO2; the ethyl ether of are- 
caidin. Its hydrobromid, a colorless, crystalline 
body, is an anthelmintic. 
homocentric (ho-mo-sen'trik) [Gr. bubs same 4- 
Kevrpov center]. Having the same center or 
focus. 
homocerebrin (ho-mo-ser'e-brin) [Gr. bubs equal 
4- cerebrin]. A principle like cerebrin from the 
brain substance. 
homochronous (ho-mok'ro-nus) [Gr. buos same 4- 
Xpovos time]. Occurring at the same age in suc- 
cessive generations. 
homocinchonicin (ho"mo-sin-kon'is-in). An al- 
kaloid prepared by heating homocinchonidin sul- 
phate. 
homocinchonidin (ho"mo-sin-kon'id-in). An al- 
kaloid, C19H22ON2, from cinchona. 
homocinchonin (ho-mo-sin'ko-nin). An alkaloid, 
C19HO2ON2, from cinchona. 
homocladic (ho-mo-klad'ik) [Gr. buos same 4- 
KXabos branch]. Formed between twigs of the 
same artery: said of such an anastomosis. 
homococain (ho-mo-ko'ka-in). Same as coca- 
ethylin. 
homocyclic (ho-mo-sik'lik). Having a ring nucleus 
all of whose members are atoms of the same 
element. 
homodesmotic (ho"mo-des-mot'ik) [Gr. bubs single 
4- beaubs bond]. Joining similar parts of the cen- 
tral nervous system. See under fiber. 
homodont (ho'mo-dont) [Gr. bubs same 4- bbovs 
tooth]. Having the teeth all alike throughout, as 
in some of the lower vertebrates. Cf. heterodont. 
homoeo-. See homeo-. 
homo-eroticism (ho"mo-e-rot'is-izm). Eroticism 
directed toward a person of the same sex, especially 
when the role assumed by the affected person is 
passive. 
homoflemingin (ho"mo-flem-in'jin). A principle 
obtainable from Flemin'gia grahamia'na. See 
war as. 
homogeneous (ho-mo-je'ne-us) [Gr. bubs same 4- 
yevos kind]. Of the same kind or of a uniform 
quality throughout. 
homogenesis, homogeny (ho-mo-jen'es-is, ho- 
moj'en-e) [Gr. bubs same 4- vereais production]. 
The reproduction of the same process in each 
generation. 
homogentisic acid (ho"mo-jen-tis'ik). See acid. 
homoglandular (ho-mo-glan'du-lar). Pertaining 
to the same gland. 
homohemo therapy (ho' 'mo-hem-o-ther'ap-e). 
Treatment by injecting blood from another human 
being. 
homo io-. See homeo-. 
homoioplasia (ho-moi-o-pla'se-ah). Homeoplasia. 
homoiopodal (ho-moi-op'o-dal) [Gr. buotos like 4- 
novs foot]. Having processes of one kind only: 
said of nerve-cells. 
homo io thermal (ho-moi-o-ther'mal). Homo- 
thermal. 
HOMEOTYPICAL 
512 
homolateral (ho-mo-lat'er-al). On the same side, 
homologen (ho-mol'o-jen). See under homologue. 
homologous (ho-mol'o-gus) [Gr. bubs same + 
Xbyos relation]. Of similar structure or situation, 
but not necessarily of similar function. 
homologue (hom'ol-og). i. Any homologous or- 
gan or part; an organ similar in structure to an- 
other organ. 2. In chemistry, one of a series 
of compounds, each of which is formed from the 
one before it by the addition of a constant ele- 
ment. Called also homologen. 
homology (ho-mol'o-je) [Gr. bubs same 4- Xbyos 
relation]. The quality of being homologous; the 
morphologic identity of corresponding parts; 
structural similarity due to descent from a common 
form. 
homolysin (ho-mol'is-in). See hemolysin. 
homomartonite (ho-mo-mar'to-nlt). See methyl 
ethyl ketone. 
homomorphosis (ho"mo-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. bubs 
same 4- juop^wais formation]. Replacement of a 
lost part by a similar part. 
homonomous (ho-mon'o-mus) [Gr. bubs same 4* 
vouos law]. Subject to the same law. 
homonymous (ho-mon'im-us) [Gr. bubs same + 
ovvua name]. Having the same or a corresponding 
sound or name; having a correlation of parts or 
places. 
homopiperonal (ho"mo-pip-er'o-nal). A fragrant 
substance, in white, flaky crystals, closely resem- 
bling piperonal: antipyretic and antiseptic. 
homoplastic (ho-mo-plas'tik) [Gr. bubs same + 
irXarraeLV to form]. Noting a transplantation of 
a part to an abnormal place in the same organ- 
ism. 
homoplasty (ho'mo-plas-te) [see homoplastic]. 
Operative replacement of lost parts or tissues by 
similar parts from the same person or from an indi- 
vidual of the same species. 
homoquinin (ho-mo-kwin'in). An alkaloid, C39H46- 
O4N4.4H2O, formed by the union of cuprein and 
quinin. 
homorenon hydrochlorid (ho-mo-re'non). A 
crystalline compound, ethylamino-acetopyrocate- 
chin hydrochlorid, C6H3(OH)2.CO.CH2.NH2.C2H6.- 
HC1: used like adrenalin. 
homorganic (hom-or-gan'ik) [Gr. bubs same 4- 
bpyavov organ]. Produced by the same or by 
homologous organs. 
homosexual (ho-mo-seks'u-al). Directed toward 
a person of the same sex. 
homosexuality (ho"mo-seks-u-al'it-e) [Gr. bubs 
same + sexuality]. Sexual perversion toward 
those of the same sex. 
homosporous (ho-mos'po-rus) [Gr. bubs same + 
aTrbpos seed]. Having only one kind of spores. 
homostimulant (ho-mo-stim'u-lant) [Gr. buos 
same]. Stimulating the same organ from which it 
is derived; said of an extract from an organ which, 
on injection into the body, stimulates the same 
organ from which it is derived. 
nomostimulation (ho"mo-stim-u-la'shun). Treat- 
ment by a homostimulant. 
homothermal, homo thermic (ho-mo-ther/mal, 
-mik) [Gr. opbs same 4- Oepuv heat]. Maintaining 
a uniform bodily temperature: said of warm blood 
animals, i. e., mammals and birds. 
homotonic (ho-mo-ton'ik) [Gr. bubs same + tovos 
tone]. Of a uniform course or tension. 
homotransplant (ho-mo-trans'plant). A piece of 
tissue taken from an individual and transplanted 
into another place in the same individual. 
homotransplantation (ho"mo-trans-plan-ta/- 
shun). The making of a homotransplant. 
homotropism (ho-mot'ro-pizm) [Gr. bubs same + 
rpoiri] turning]. The property of cells to attract 
cells of a like order. 
HOMOTROPISM 
homoeo-. See homeo-. HOMOTYPE 
513 
HORMONOPOIETIC 
homotype (hom'o-tip) [Gr. opbs same + tvttos 
type]. A part that has a reversed symmetry with 
its fellow. 
homozoic (ho-mo-zo'ik) [Gr. bpbs same + f&ov 
animal]. Pertaining to the same animal or same 
species. 
homo zygosis (ho"mo-zi-go'sis). The formation of 
a zygote by gametes belonging to the same strain. 
homozygote (ho-mo-zi'got) [Gr. bpbs same + 
zygote}. An individual which, with regard to some 
one or all of its characters, has received like con- 
tributions from both of its parents. 
homozygous (ho-mo-zi'gus). Derived from like 
zygotes or germ-cells; pure bred. 
honey (hun'e). See mel. 
honorarium (hon-o-ra're-um), pl. honora'ria [L.]. 
A physician's professional fee. 
honthin, hontin (hon'thin, hon'tin). A light 
brown, tasteless powder, a combination of tannin 
with albumin and keratin. It is insoluble in water, 
but partly soluble in alcohol: used as an intestinal 
astringent. Dose, 4-7-3 gr. (0.26-0.5 gm.). 
hoof (hoof). The hard, horny casing of the foot or 
ends of the digits of many animals, curved h., 
a condition in which the hoof has the wall of one 
side concave and the other convex, dished h., 
a hoof which is concave from the coronet to the 
plantar surface, false h., the hoof of an unused 
digit, ribbed h., ringed h., a condition in 
which the wall of a horse's hoof is marked by ridges 
running parallel with the coronary margin. 
hoof-bound. Dryness and contraction of a horse's 
hoof, causing lameness. Called also contracted 
foot and contracted heel. 
hook (hook). A curved instrument used for trac- 
tion or for holding, blunt h., an instrument 
for exercising traction upon the fetus in certain 
cases of breech presentation. Bose's h's, small 
hooks used in tracheotomy, fixation h., a 
hook for fixing a part. Malgaigne's h's, two 
pairs of hooks connected by a screw for approximat- 
ing the pieces of a broken patella. Pajot's h., 
a hook for decapitating the fetus, squint h., a 
hook for stretching an eye tendon in tenotomy, 
tracheotomy h.( a hook for use in tracheotomy. 
Tyrrell's h., a slender hook used in eye surgery. 
hookworm (hook'werm). A worm of the family 
Strongylidse, parasitic in the intestine of man. 
American h. See Necator. h. disease. See 
ankylostomiasis, h. of the dog. See Uncinaria. 
European h. See A nkylostoma. 
Hooper's pills (hoo'perz) [John Hooper, English 
apothecary of the eighteenth century]. See under 
pill. 
hooping-cough (hoop'ing-kof). See whooping- 
cough. 
hoose (hooz). A disease of sheep caused by the 
presence of Strongylus filaria in the lungs, and 
marked by cough, dyspnea, anorexia, and consti- 
pation. Called also sheep cough. 
hoove, hooven (hoov, hoo'ven). See hoven. 
Hoover's sign (hoo'verz) [Charles F. Hoover, 
American neurologist, born 1865]. See sign. 
hop (hop). An urticaceous twining plant, Hu'mu- 
lus lu'pulus. See hops. 
hopcalite (hop'kal-it). A catalytic gas mask ab- 
sorbent for carbon monoxid. 
Hope's mixture [John Hope, English physician, 
1725-1786]. See mixture. 
Hoplopsyl'lus anom'alus. The species of flea 
found in the ground squirrels of California. 
hopogan (ho'po-gan). Magnesium peroxid, a 
white, tasteless, odorless powder, nearly insoluble 
in water. It contains 7.15 per cent, of active 
oxygen and is intended for internal use. 
Hoppe-Seyler's test (hop-e-si'lerz) [Ernst Felix 
Immanuel Hoppe-Seyler, German chemist, 1825- 
1895]. See test. 
hops (hops) [L. hu'mulus or lu'pulus]. The stro- 
biles, or spikes, of the hop-plant, Hu'mulus lu'- 
pulus. They contain lupulin, tannin, and humulin, 
and are sedative and tonic. They are employed 
as a local anodyne, and are given in dyspepsia, 
genito-urinary irritation, and delirium tremens. 
Dose of fluidextract, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.); of 
oleoresin, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.); of tincture, 
3-2 dr. (2-4 c.c.); of extract, 5-10 gr. (0.333- 
0.666 gm.). 
Hor. decub. Abbreviation for L. ho'ra decu'bilus, 
at bedtime. 
hordein (hor'de-in) [L. hordeum, barley]. A simple 
native protein from barley, a prolamin insoluble 
in water, but soluble in 80 per cent, alcohol. 
hordenin (hor-de'nin). A colorless, crystalline 
alkaloid, C10H15NO, from barley. It is a methyl- 
ated form of paraoxyphenyldimethylethylamin 
from tyrosin. It has been used in diarrhea and 
typhoid fever and as a heart tonic. 
hordeolum (hor-de'o-lum) [L. "barley-corn"]. 
See sty. 
hordeum (hor'de-um), gen. hor'dei [L.]. See 
barley, h. decortica'tum, pearl barley; the 
husked grain of barley. 
horehound, hoarhound (hor'hownd). The labi- 
ate plant, Marru'bium mdga're, also its leaves and 
tops (L. marru'bium): useful in coughs and dysp- 
nea and as a vermifuge. Dose of fluidextract, 
1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
Hor. interm. Abbreviation for L. ho'ris inlerme'- 
diis, at the intermediate hours. 
horismascope (ho-ris'mas-kop). A variety of 
albumoscope consisting of a U-shaped tube, one 
arm of which is of small caliber and has a funnel- 
like top, the other arm being of larger caliber and 
having a black area against which traces of albu- 
min may be seen. 
horizocardia (hor-i-zo-kar'de-ah) [Gr. bplfav 
horizon + Kapola heart], A horizontal position 
of the heart. 
hormion (hor'me-on) [Gr. oppos chaplet]. The 
median anterior point of the spheno-occipital 
bones. 
hormonal (hor'mo-nal). A proprietary organo- 
therapeutic preparation (peristaltic hormone) for 
the stimulation of intestinal peristalsis. It con- 
sists of a liquid extract taken from the spleen of an 
animal killed at the height of digestion. Dose, 
5 fl.dr. (20 c.c.) by intravenous or intramuscular 
injection. 
hormone (hor'mon) [Gr. bppaveiv to excite or 
arouse]. A chemic substance produced in an 
organ, which, being carried to an associated organ 
by the blood-stream, excites in the latter organ 
a functional activity, chromaffin h., epineph- 
rin. disassimilatory h., a hormone which pro- 
duces increased disassimilation and increase of 
normal activity in tissues, h. hunger. See under 
hunger. Langerhansian h., the internal secre- 
tion of the pancreas, Supposed to be formed in the 
islands of Langerhans, and to influence the metab- 
olism of sugar, peristaltic h. See hormonal. 
hormonedin (hor-mon'ed-in). A proprietary prep- 
aration of the internal secretion of the pancreas. 
hormonic (hor-mon'ik). Pertaining to or acting as 
a hormone; having the exciting influence of a 
hormone. 
hormonogenesis (hor"mon-o-jen'es-is). Hormo- 
nopoiesis. 
hormonogenic (hor"mon-o-jen'ik). Forming hor- 
mones. 
hormonology (hor-mo-nol'o-je). The science of 
hormones or of internal secretions. 
hormonopoiesis (hor"mo-no-poi-e'sis). The pro- 
duction of hormones. 
hormonopoietic (hor-mo-no-poi-et'ik) [hormone + 
Gr. iroLeiv to make]. Forming or elaborating 
hormones; said of glands. HORMOPOIESIS 
514 
HUM 
hormopoiesis (hor"mo-poi-e'sis). Hormonopoiesis. 
hormopoietic (hor"mo-poi-et'ik). Forming hor- 
mones. 
hormotone (hor'mo-ton). A proprietary mixture 
of extracts from the thyroid, pituitary, ovary, and 
testes: used in menopause disturbances and in 
neurasthenia. 
horn (horn) [L. cor'nu]. 1. A cutaneous horny out- 
growth. 2. One of the three chief parts of the 
lateral ventricle-anterior, posterior, or middle. 
3. One of the gray columns of the spinal cord. 
See cornu. 4. An extension of the pulp chamber of 
a tooth toward a cusp, cicatricial h., a hard, 
dry outgrowth from a cicatrix, commonly scaly and 
very rarely osseous, h. of the clitoris, an oc- 
casional formation of a horny mass, resembling 
a talon, under the prepuce of the clitoris, nail- 
h., an overgrown toe-nail or finger-nail, chiefly 
of neglected and bed-ridden patients, h. of 
pulp, the pulp tissue in the horn of the pulp 
chamber, sebaceous h., a hard outgrowth of 
the contents of a sebaceous cyst, warty h., a 
hard and pointed outgrowth from a wart. 
hornskin (horn'skin). Animal skin or hide, dried 
and varnished: used in orthopedic surgery. 
horny (hot'ne). Having the nature and appear- 
ance of horn. 
horopter (ho-rop'ter) [Gr. bpos limit + oTrrijp ob- 
server]. The sum of all points seen single in binoc- 
ular vision with the eyes fixed (Aguilonius, 1613). 
horopteric (hor-op-ter'ik). Pertaining to a hor- 
opter. 
horripilation (hor"ip-il-a'shun) [L. horripila'tio]. 
Cutis anserina, or goose-flesh; the erection of 
the hairs. 
horse-chestnut. See Ais cuius. 
horse-pox (hors'poks). Modified small-pox oc- 
curring in the horse. 
horse-radish (hors'rad-ish). See CoMearia. 
horse-sickness (hors-sik'nes). An infectious dis- 
ease of horses and mules in South Africa, marked by 
serous exudations. Called also Pferderpest. 
horseweed (hors'wed). See Collinsonia. 
horsine (hors'in), The muscle plasm of horses, 
recommended for use in tuberculosis. 
Horsley's putty or wax (hors'lez) [Sir Victor 
Horsley, English surgeon, 1857-1916]. See wax. 
Hor. un. spatio. Abbreviation for L. ho'ra uni'us 
spa'tio, at the end of an hour. 
hospital (hos'pit-al) [L. hospital'ium; hos'pes 
host, guest]. An. institution for the treatment 
of the sick, banian h., a hospital for animals, 
base h., a hospital unit within the line of com- 
munication of the army, usually in a permanent 
building, designed for the reception of wounded and 
other patients received via the field hospitals from 
the front, and for cases originating within the line 
of communication itself, camp h., an immobile 
military unit organized and equipped for the care 
of the sick and wounded in camp, in order to pre- 
vent immobilization of field hospitals or other 
mobile sanitary organizations. cottage h., 
a small hospital not having a resident staff; also a 
hospital consisting of a number of detached 
cottages, evacuation h., a mobile advance 
hospital unit within the line of communication, 
designed to take over the functions of field hospitals 
when they move away with their divisions and to 
supplement base hospitals in their functions, 
field h., a portable military hospital, manned by 
non-commissioned officers and men, located beyond 
the zone of conflict, 3-4 miles beyond the dressing 
stations, designed to shelter and care for wounded 
brought in by ambulance companies until they can 
be transported to the line of communications. 
hospitalism (hos'pit-al-izm). 1. The morbid con- 
ditions due to the assembling of diseased persons 
in a hospital. 2. A morbid habit of attending 
hospital dispensaries as a patient. 
hospitalization (hos"pit-al-iz-a'shun). The re- 
moval of patients to a hospital where they can re- 
ceive proper treatment. 
host (host) [L. hos'pes], Any animal or plant 
upon which another organism lives parasitically. 
definitive h., final h., the animal in which a 
parasite undergoes its sexual life, intermediary 
h., the animal in which a parasite passes its larval 
existence. 
Hotchkiss's operation [Lucien W. Hotchkiss, sur- 
geon in New York, born 1859]. See operation. 
Hottentot bustle (hot'en-tot). See steatopyga. 
hottentotism (hot'en-tot-izm). An exaggerated 
form of stuttering. 
hour-glass contraction (owr'glas). See con- 
traction. 
housemaids' knee (hows'madz ne). See knee. 
house-prevalence. The non-epidemic occurrence 
of several cases *of the same disease in the same 
hospital. 
house-staff (hows'staf). The resident physicians 
and surgeons of a hospital. 
house-surgeon (hows-sur'jun). A resident sur- 
geon in a hospital. 
Houston's valve [John Houston, Irish surgeon, 
1802-1845]. See valve. 
hoven (ho'ven). A kind of indigestion in cattle and 
sheep, marked by an abnormal collection of gas in 
the first stomach. Called also hoove, hooven, and 
bloat. 
Howard's method (how'ards) [Benjamin Douglas 
Howard, physician in New York, 1840-1900]. See 
under respiration, artificial. 
Howell's bodies (how'elz) [William Henry Howell, 
American physiologist, born i860]. See under body. 
Howship's lacunae, symptom (how'ships) [John 
Howship, English surgeon, died 1841]. See lacuna 
and symptom. 
H. p. n. Abbreviation for L. haus'tus pur'gans 
nos'ter, our own purgative draft. 
HPO3. Metaphosphoric acid. 
H3PO2. Hypophosphorous acid. 
H3PO3. Phosphorous acid. 
H3PO4. Orthophosphoric acid. 
H<P2O8. Hypophosphoric acid. 
H4P2O7. Pyrophosphoric acid. 
H. S. Abbreviation for house surgeon. 
H. S. Abbreviation for L. ho'ra som'ni, at bedtime. 
H2S. Hydrogen sulphid. 
HoSiOs. Metasilicic acid. 
HiSiOi. Orthosilicic acid. 
H2SO3. Sulphurous acid. 
H2SO4. Sulphuric acid. 
Ht. The symbol for total hypermetropia. 
htone na (hut-to'ne-nah). A peripheral neuritis of 
malarial origin occurring in Burma. 
Huchard's disease, serum, sign (e-sharz') 
[Henri Huchard, physician in Paris, 1844-1910]. 
See disease, serum, and sign. 
Hueck's ligament (heks) [Alexander Friedrich 
Hueck, German anatomist, 1802-1842]. See liga- 
ment. 
Hueter's bandage, sign (he'terz) [Karl Hueter, 
German surgeon, 1838-1882]. See bandage, sign. 
Hufeland's powder (hoof'a-lants) [Christoph 
Wilhelm Hufeland, Berlin physician, 1762-1836]. 
See powder. 
Huguenin's edema (e-gen-az') [Gustave Hugue- 
nin, Swiss psychiatrist, born 1841]. See edema. 
Huguier's canal, etc. (e-ge-az') [Pierre Charles 
Huguier, French surgeon, 1804-1873]. See canal, 
etc. 
hum, venous. A continuous blowing, singing, or 
humming murmur heard on auscultation over the 
right jugular vein in anemia, chlorosis, and occa- HUMAGSOLAN 
515 
HYBRID 
sionally in health. Called also bruit de diable and 
humming-top murmur. 
humagsolan (hu-mag'so-lan). A proprietary hy- 
drolyzed keratin preparation given with the food 
for the purpose of promoting the growth of hair. 
humanci (hum'an-ol). Fluid human fat: used to 
prevent the formation of adhesions in operations 
upon tendons and nerves. 
humectant (hu-mek'tant). 1. Moistening. 2. 
A diluent medicine. 
humectation (hu-mek-ta'shun). The act of 
moistening. 
humeral (hu'mer-al) [L. humera'lis]. Of or per- 
taining to the humerus. 
humeroradial (hu"mer-o-ra'de-al). Pertaining to 
the humerus and the radius. 
humeroscapular (hu"mer-o-skap'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the humerus and the scapula. 
humero-ulnar (hu"mer-o-ul'nar). Pertaining to 
the humerus and the ulna. 
humerus (hu'mer-us) [L.]. The bone that ex- 
tends from the shoulder to the elbow. 
humic acid (hu'mik). See acid. 
humidity (hu-mid'it-e) [L. humid'itas]. The 
degree of moisture, especially of that in the air. 
absolute h., the actual amount of vapor in the 
atmosphere expressed in grains per cubic foot, 
relative h., the percentage of moisture in the air 
as compared to the amount necessary to cause satu- 
ration, which is taken as 100. 
humin (hu'min). Same as humic acid, see under 
acid. 
humor (hu'mor, yu'mor) [L.]. 1. Any fluid or 
semifluid of the body. 2. Any chronic cutaneous 
disease, aqueous h., the fluid filling the ante- 
rior and posterior chambers of the eye in front 
of the lens, crystalline h., the crystalline lens. 
See lens, ocular h., any one of the humors of 
the eye, aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous, vit- 
reous h., the gelatinous matter that fills the pos- 
terior chamber of the eye behind the lens. 
humoral (hu'mor-al). Pertaining to the humors 
of the body. 
humoralism, humorism (hu'mor-al-izm, hu'mor- 
izm). The obsolete doctrine that all diseases arise 
from some change of the humors. See humoral 
theory, under theory. 
humulin (hu'mu-lin). 1. Lupulin. 2. A dry, con- 
centrated preparation of hops. 
humulus (hu'mu-lus), gen. hu'muli [L.]. See 
hops. 
humus (hu'mus) [L.]. A dark mold of decayed 
vegetable tissue: used therapeutically in certain 
forms of the bath. 
hunchback (hunsh'bak). See kyphosis. 
Hundstaupe (hoond'stow-pe). Dog distemper. 
hunger (hun'ger). A craving for food, air-h., a 
distressing dyspnea occurring in paroxysms, and 
often forerunning an attack of diabetic coma 
'Kussmaul, 1874). chlorin-h., a desire for salt 
due to deficiency of chlorin in the blood, h.-cure, 
the treatment of disease (as dyspepsia, syphilis, or 
cancer) by severe and rigid fasting; nestiatria, 
h.-evil, a condition in the horse marked by at- 
tacks of extreme hunger, hormone h., deficiency 
in the supply to any organ of the special hormone 
on which its proper functionating depends. 
Hunt's atrophy, phenomenon, syndrome 
[James Ramsay Hunt, neurologist in New York, 
born 1872]. See atrophy, phenomenon, and syn- 
drome. 
Hunter's canal, etc. (hun'terz) [John Hunter, 
English anatomist and surgeon, 1728-1793]. See 
canal, etc. 
hunterian chancre (hun-te're-an). See chancre. 
Huntington's chorea (hunt'ing-tunz) [George 
Huntington, American physician, 1850-1916]. See 
chorea. 
hunyadi janos (hoo"yah-de yah'nosh) [named 
for a heroic Magyar general, fifteenth century]. 
An aperient mineral water from Hungary. It 
contains sodium and magnesium sulphates, so- 
dium carbonate, and sodium chlorid. 
Huppert's disease (hoop'erts) '[Hugo Huppert, 
Bohemian physician, 1832-1904]. Multiple my- 
eloma. 
Huschke's canal, foramen, etc. (hoosh'-kez) 
[Emil Huschke, German anatomist, 1797-1858]. 
See canal, foramen, etc. 
Hutchinson's teeth (hutsh'in-sunz) [Sir Jonathan 
Hutchinson, English physician, 1828-1913]. See 
tooth. 
Hutinel's disease (e-tin-elz') [Victor Hutinel, 
pediatrist in Paris, born 1849]. See disease. 
Huxham's tincture (huks'hamz) [John Huxham, 
English physician, 1694-1768]. See tincture. 
Huxley's layer (huks'lez) [Thomas Henry Huxley., 
English physiologist and naturalist, 1825-1895]. 
See layer. 
huygenian ocular (hi-je'ne-an) [Christian Huy- 
gens, a Dutch physicist, 1629-1695]. See ocular. 
Hy. Abbreviation for hypermetropia. 
hysenanchin (hi-e-nang'kin). A highly poisonous 
bitter principle from Hyanan'che globo'sa, a eu- 
phorbiaceous plant of Africa. 
hyalin (hi'al-in) [Gr. vaXos glass]. 1. A trans- 
lucent albuminoid substance, one of the products 
of amyloid degeneration. 2. A substance com- 
posing the walls of hydatid cysts, hematoge- 
nous h. Same as hematohyaloid. 
hyaline (hi'al-in) [Gr. vaXos glass]. Pellucid or 
glassy, and transparent or nearly so. 
hyalinosis (hi"al-in-o'sis). Hyaline degeneration, 
hyalinuria (hi"al-in-u're-ah) [hyalin + urine]. 
The discharge of hyalin in the urine. 
hyalitis (hi-al-i'tis). Inflammation of a hyaloid 
membrane or of the vitreous humor, h. punc- 
ta'ta, a form marked by the formation of small 
opacities, h. suppurati'va, a purulent inflam- 
mation of the vitreous humor of the eye. 
hyalo-enchondroma (hi"al-o-en-kon-dro'mah). 
A chondroma of hyaline cartilage. 
hyalogen (hi-al'o-jen) [hyalin + Gr. yewav to 
produce]. An albuminous substance occurring 
in cartilage, vitreous humor, etc., and convertible 
into hyalin. 
hyaloid (hi'al-oid) [Gr. vaXos glass + etbos form]. 
Resembling glass. 
hyaloiditis (hi"al-oid-i'tis). See hyalitis. 
hyaloma (hi-al-o'mah) [Gr. iiaXos glass + -w«a 
tumor]. Colloid milium. See milium. 
hyalomitome (hi"al-o-mit'6m). Same as para- 
mitome. 
hyalomucoid (hi"al-o-mu'koid). The mucoid of 
the vitreous body. 
hyalonyxis (hi"al-o-niks'is) [Gr. vaXos glass + 
vv^is pricking]. The act of puncturing the vitre- 
ous body. 
hyalophobia (hi"al-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. uaXos glass + 
<pb^os fear]. Fear of glass. 
hyaloplasm (hi'al-o-plazm) [Gr. vaXos glass 4- 
TrXa.ap.a anything formed]. 1. Same as para- 
plasm. 2. The conducting medium of the axon, 
nuclear h., karyolymph. 
hyaloserositis (hi"al-o-se-ro-si'tis) [Gr. uaXos glass 
+ serum + Gr. -it is inflammation]. A form of in- 
flammation of serous membranes marked by the 
formation of a fibrohyaline investment, pro- 
gressive multiple h., polyorrhomenitis. 
hyalosome (hi-al'o-som) [Gr. SaXos glass + 
body]. A structure resembling the nucleolus of 
a cell, but staining only slightly. 
hyalotome (hi-al'o-tom). See paramitome. 
hybrid (hi'brid) [Gr. v^pis lewdness]. An animal 
or plant bred or grafted from two species. hybridism (hi'brid-izm). The state of being a hy- 
brid; the production of hybrids. 
hybridization (hi"brid-iz-a/shun). The production 
of hybrids; the development of hybrids. 
hychlorite (hi-klo'rit). A proprietary solution of 
chlorinated soda. 
hyclorite (hi-klo'rit). A solution of chlorinated 
soda. 
hycol (hi'kol). A proprietary disinfectant and anti- 
septic preparation. 
hycyan (hi-si'an). Mercury oxycyanid in tablet 
form: used for disinfecting. 
hydantoin (hi-dan'to-in). A crystalline base, 
glycolyl urea, CO.NH.CH2.CO.NH, derivable from 
allantoin. 
hydatid (hi-dat'id) [L. hy'datis, Gr. uSarR]. An 
echinococcus or the vesicle containing it. See 
under cyst. h. of Morgagni, the cyst-like rem- 
nant of the miillerian duct attached to an ovi- 
duct or testicle. See appendix testis and appendix 
vasculosa. sessile h., the hydatid of Morgagni 
which is connected with the testicle, stalked h., 
the hydatid of Morgagni which is connected with 
an oviduct. 
hydatidiform, hydatiform (hi-dat-id'if-orm, hi- 
dat'if-orm). Resembling a hydatid in form. 
hydatidocele (hi-da-tid'o-sel) [hydatid + Gr. 
Kr)Xij tumor]. A tumor of the scrotum contain- 
ing hydatids. 
hydatidoma (hi-da-tid-o'mah).. A tumor con- 
taining hydatids or one caused by hydatids. 
hydatidosis (hi-dat-id-o'sis). Hydatid disease; in- 
festation with echinococcus. 
hydatidostomy (hi-dat-id-os'to-me) [hydatid + 
Gr. aropa mouth]. The opening and draining 
of a hydatid cyst. 
hydatism (hi'dat-izm) [Gr. vbwp water]. The 
sound caused by the presence of fluid in a cavity. 
hydatoid (hid'at-oid). 1. The aqueous humor. 2. 
The hyaloid membrane. 3. Pertaining to the 
aqueous humor. 
hydnocarpus (hid-no-kar'pus). A tree of India 
from the seeds of which is derived an oil that is 
used in skin diseases. 
hydracetin (hi-dras'e-tin). Pyrodin acetylphenyl- 
hydrazin, CeHsNHNH.CO.CHg: a derivative of 
acetic anhydrid and phenylhydrazin in colorless 
, crystals. It is antirheumatic and antipyretic, but 
poisonous. Dose, f-15 gr. (0.05-0.1 gm.). 
hydracid (hi-dras'id). Any hydrogen acid con- 
taining no oxygen. See acid. 
hydradenitis (hi-drad-en-i'tis). Same as hidra- 
denitis. 
hydradenoma (hi-drad-en-o'mah). Same as 
hidradenoma. 
hydraemia. See hydremia. 
hydraeroperitoneum (hi-dra"e-ro-per-it-o-ne'um) 
[Gr. vbwp water + h-qp air + peritoneum]. A 
collection of water and gas in the peritoneal 
cavity. 
hydragogin (hi-drag'o-jin). A compound of the 
tinctures of digitalis and strophanthus, contain- 
ing also oxysaponin, scillitoxin, and scillipicrin: a 
strong hydragogue; diuretic. Dose, 10-15 min. 
(0.666-1 c.c.). 
hydragogue (hi'drag-og) [Gr. vbwp water + ayeip 
to lead], 1. Producing watery discharges, espe- 
cially from the bowels. 2. A cathartic which 
causes watery purgation. 
hydramin, hydramine (hi-dram'in). An amin 
derived from a glycol in which one hydroxyl is re- 
placed by an amino group. 
hydramnion, hydramnios (hi-dram'ne-on, hi- 
dram'ne-os) [Gr. vbcop water + amnion}. Dropsy 
of the amnion; excess of the amniotic fluid. 
hydramyl (hi'dram-il). Pentane, C5Hl2; a liquid 
hydrocarbon derived from petroleum: anesthetic. 
HYBRIDISM 
516 
hydranencephaly (hi"dran-en-sef'al-e). Internal 
hydrocephalus. 
Hydrangea (hi-dran'je-ah). A genus of saxifraga- 
ceous trees and shrubs. H. arbores"cens is diu- 
retic. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 
c.c.). 
hydrangin (hi-dran'jin). A diuretic glucosid from 
Hydran'gea arbores'cens. 
hydrarguent (hi-drar'gwent). A fatty ointment- 
base, especially adapted to the preparation of 
mercurial ointment. 
hydrargyri (hi-drar'jir-i). The genitive case of 
L. hydra/gyrum, mercury. See mercury. 
hydrargyria (hi-drar-jir'e-ah) [see hydrargyrum]. 
Mercurial poisoning. 
hydrargyrism (hi-dra/jir-izm). Mercurial poi- 
soning; mercurialism. 
hydrargyro-iodohemol (hi-drar"jir-o-i"o-do- 
he'mol). A therapeutic preparation of hemol, 
containing 12.35 per cent, of mercury and 28 per 
cent, of iodin. 
hydrargyrol (hi-drar'jir-ol). Mercury paraphenyl- 
sulphonate, CfiHoOH.SOsHg: used as a substi- 
tute for corrosive sublimate. It is a brownish, 
crystalline substance, with the odor of ginger- 
bread. 
hydrargyroseptol (hi-drar"jir-o-sep'tol). A com- 
pound of mercury, chinosol, and common salt, 
C9H6N.O.SO3Hg-|-2NaCl; antiseptic and anti- 
syphilitic. 
hydrargyrum (hi-drar'jir-um), gen. hydra/gyri 
[Gr. vbup water + apyvpos silver]. Mercury 
or quicksilver. See mercury, h. ammonia'- 
tum, ammoniated mercury, h. cum cre'ta, 
mercury with chalk. 
hydrarsan (hi-drar'san). A proprietary compound 
of phenacetin, mercuric chlorid, arsenic chlorid, 
and potassium iodid: used in syphilis. 
hydrarthrosis, hydrarthrus (hi"drar-thro'sis, hi- 
drarithrus) [Gr. vbwp water + apOpov joint]. An 
accumulation of water in the cavity of a joint, 
intermittent h., serous effusion into a joint 
occurring periodically. 
hydrastin (hi-dras'tin). 1. An alkaloid from by- 
drastis, C2iNH31O6. Dose, gr. (0.004-0.016 
gm.); of hydrochlorate or sulphate, gr. (0.004- 
0.016 gm.); of concentration, |-2 gr. (0.033-0.133 
gm.) 2. A precipitate or concentration from 
hydrastis. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
hydrastinin (hi-dras'tin-in). An artificial alka- 
loid, CuH13NO3 + H2O, prepared from the 
alkaloid hydrastin or from pyrocatechin: used 
like ergot. Dose, gr. (0.0054-0.011 gm.), 
h. hydrochlorate, a salt of hydrastinin, is used 
like ergot, but is more speedy in its action. Dose, 
2-4 gr. (0.133-0.266 gm.). 
Hydrastis (hi-dras'tis). A genus of ranuncula- 
ceous plants. The rhizome and roots of H. cana- 
den'sis, or goldenseal, contain the alkaloid hy- 
drastin, and are tonic, cholagogue, and diuretic. 
It is given in dyspepsia, jaundice, constipation, 
gonorrhea, and catarrhs of the genito-urinary and 
nasal tracts. Dose of fluidextract, 8-30 min. 
(0.5-2 c.c.); of glycerite, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); 
of tincture, 30-90 min. (2-6 c.c.). 
hydrastol (hi-dras'tol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of hydrastis. 
hydrate (hi'drat) [L. hy'dras]. 1. Any compound 
of hydroxyl with a radical; a chemic compound 
in which one-half the hydrogen of one or more 
molecules of water is replaced by a radical. 2. 
Any salt or other compound that contains water 
of crystallization. 
hydrated (hi'dra-ted) [L. hydra'tus]. Combined 
with water; forming a hydrate or a hydroxid. 
hydration (hi-dra'shun). 1. The act of combining 
or causing to combine with water. 2. The con- 
dition of being combined with water. 
hydraulics (hi-drawl'iks) [Gr. ubcop water]. The 
HYDRAULICS HYDRAZIN 
517 
HYDROCHOLECYSTIS 
branch of physics which treats of the action of 
liquids under physical laws. 
hydrazin (hi'dra-zin). A colorless, gaseous di- 
amin, H2N-NH2; also any member of a group of its 
substitution derivatives. 
hydrazone (hi'dra-zon). A compound formed 
from a sugar by the action of phenylhydrazin. It 
may be converted into an osazone by further 
treatment with phenylhydrazin. 
hydremia (hi-dre'me-ah) [Gr. vbwp water + al pa 
blood]. Excess of water in the blood; a condi- 
tion in which the proportion of the serum in the 
blood to the corpuscles is excessive. 
hydrencephalocele (hi-dren-sef'al-o-sel) [Gr. 
vbwp water + encephalocele]. A protrusion of 
the brain fissure inclosing part of a ventricle. 
hydrencephalus (hi-dren-sef'al-us). The same as 
hydrocephalus. 
hydrepigastrium (hi-drep-e-gas'tre-um) [Gr. vb&p 
water + epigastrium], A collection of fluid 
between the peritoneum and the abdominal 
muscles. 
hydriatic, hydriatric (hid-re-at'ik, hid-re-at'rik) 
[Gr. vbup water + iariKos, larpcKos healing]. Per- 
taining to hydrotherapy. 
hydriatrics (hi-dre-at'riks). Hydrotherapeutics. 
hydriatrist (hi-dre-at'rist). A specialist in hydro- 
therapy. 
hydric (hi'drik). Pertaining to or combined with 
hydrogen; containing replaceable hydrogen. 
hydrid, hydride (hi'drid, hi'drid) [Gr. vbwp water]. 
Any compound of hydrogen with an element or 
radical. 
hydriodate (hid're-o-dat). A salt of hydriodic 
acid. 
hydriodic acid (hid-re-od'ik). See under acid. 
hydriodol (hi-dri'o-dol). Cypridol. 
hydrion (hi-dri'on). Hydrogen ion. 
hydro- [Gr. vbcap water], A prefix signifying some 
relationship to water or to hydrogen. 
hydroa (hid-ro'ah). A skin disease marked by 
red, irregular patches on which form groups of 
vesicles. The disease is attended with intense 
itching, debility, and nervous symptoms. It is 
also called dermati'tis herpetiformis and pem'- 
phigus prurigino'sus, and is also written hidroa. 
h. sestiva'le. Same as h. puerorum. h. febri'- 
le, herpes simplex, h. gestatio'nis, dermati- 
tis herpetiformis occurring during pregnancy or the 
puerperium. h. puero'rum, h. vaccinifor'- 
me, a disease of children marked by the develop- 
ment of vesicles upon patches of erythema. The 
disease recurs every summer, h. vesiculo'sum, 
herpes iris. 
hydro-adipsia (hi"dro-ah-dip'se-ah) [Gr. vbup 
water + a not + blpa thirst]. Absence of thirst 
for water. 
hydro-appendix (hi"dro-ap-en'diks). Distention 
of the vermiform appendix with a watery fluid. 
hydrobilirubin (hi"dro-bil-e-ru'bin) [hydro- + 
bilirubin]. A brownish-red pigment, C32H40N4- 
O7, derivable from bilirubin by reduction. It is 
believed to be identical with stercobilin and 
urobilin. 
hydroblepharon (hi-dro-blef'ar-on) [Gr. vbcop 
water + fiXeipapov eyelid]. Edema of the eye- 
lids. 
hydrobromate (hi-dro-bro'mat). Any salt of hy- 
drobromic acid. See under acid. 
hydrobromic acid (hi-dro-brom'ik). See acid. 
hydrocarbon (hi-dro-kar'bon). Any compound 
of hydrogen and carbon. The hydrocarbons are 
divided into groups according to the proportions 
of hydrogen and carbon contained in them, each 
one of the groups differing from the. one before it 
by the addition of CH2. aromatic h's, these 
include benzine (CgHs) and its homologues, phenyl 
(C6H5), and the univalent hydrocarbons, and 
naphthalene (C10H8) with its derivatives, biva- 
lent h's, the olefins, methylene, ethylene, propy- 
lene, etc. fatty h's, those that are fatty in 
nature, and include the paraffins, saturated h's, 
the paraffins, methane, ethane, propane, butane, 
pentane, hexane, and heptane, univalent h's, 
the alcohol radicals, methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc. 
hydrocele (hi'dro-sel) [Gr. S3wp water + kt]Xt] tu- 
mor]. A circumscribed collection of fluid, espe- 
cially in the scrotum, cervical h., a serous 
dilatation of a persistent cervical cleft or duct, 
or sometimes of a deep cervical lymph-space, 
h. col'li, cervical hydrocele, congenital 
h., hydrocele in the unobliterated canal be- 
tween the peritoneal cavity and that of the 
tunica vaginalis, diffused h., a collection of 
fluid diffused in the loose connective tissue of the 
spermatic cord. Dupuytren's h., bilocular hy- 
drocele of the tunica vaginalis testis, encysted 
h., one which occurs in cysts outside the cavity 
of the tunica vaginalis testis, h. foem'inae, an 
affection of the round ligament of the female 
resembling ordinary hydrocele, funicular h., 
hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis of the spermatic 
cord in a space closed toward the testis and open 
toward the peritoneal cavity. Gibbon's h., hy- 
drocele with voluminous hernia, hernial h., dis- 
tention of the hernial sac with a fluid. MaU- 
noir's h., cervical hydrocele, h. mulie'bris, a 
watery dilatation of the canal of Nuck. h. of 
neck, a congenital lymphatic cyst of the neck. 
Nuck's h., hydrocele fceminae. scrotal h., a 
circumscribed collection of fluid in the scrotum, 
h. spina'lis, spina bifida. 
hydrocenosis (hi"dro-sen-o'sis) [Gr. water + 
Keowns emptying]. Removal of a dropsical 
fluid. 
hydrocephalic (hi"dro-sef-al'ik). Pertaining to 
or affected with hydrencephalocele. 
hydrocephalocele (hi"dro-sef'al-o-sel). See hy- 
drencephalocele. 
hydrocephaloid (hi-dro-sef'al-oid). i. Resembling 
hydrocephalus. 2. A state resembling infantile 
hydrocephalus, but attended with depression of 
the fontanels: it follows diarrhea. 
hydrocephalus (hi-dro-sef'al-us) [Gr. i53wp water 
+ KetpaXi) head]. A fluid effusion within the 
cranium. The disease is marked by enlargement 
of the head, with prominence of the forehead, 
atrophy of the brain, mental weakness, and con- 
vulsions. acute h., tubercular meningitis, 
chronic h., congenital h., infantile h.,a 
slowly progressing form occurring in infancy, 
external h., dropsy of the subdural space, in- 
ternal h., any fluid effusion within the ventricles 
of the brain, primary h., chronic hydrocepha- 
lus. secondary h., hydrocephalus resulting 
from meningitis or obstruction of the venous out- 
flow. 
hydrocerin (hi-dro-se'rin). An ointment-base of 
wax, petrolatum, and water. 
hydrochinon (hi-dro-kin'on). Dioxybenzene, Ce- 
H4(OH)2, prepared by reducing quinone and other 
substances, It is a crystalline substance, soluble 
in 17 parts of cold water, and easily soluble in 
hot water, alcohol, and ether. It is antipyretic 
and antiseptic. It is used in gonorrhea, con- 
junctivitis, etc., in 1-3 per cent, solution. Dose, 
5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.). Called also paradioxy- 
benzene. 
hydrochinonuria (hi"dro-kin-o-nu're-ah). The 
presence of hydrochinon in the urine as a result 
of the administration of salol, resorcinol, phenol, 
or uva-ursi. 
hydrochlorate (hi-dro-klo'rat). Any salt of hy- 
drochloric acid. 
hydrochloric acid (hi-dro-klo'rik). See acid. 
hydrocholecystis (hi"dro-kol-e-sis'tis) [Gr. i53wp 
water + bile + Kvans bladder]. A dropsical 
inflation of the gall-bladder. hydrocholesterol (hi"dro-ko-les'ter-ol). A re- 
duced form of cholesterol. 
hydrocinchonin (hi-dro-sin'ko-nin). An alkaloid, 
C19H24N2O, obtained by oxidizing cinchonin. 
hydrocinnamic acid (hi"dro-sin-am'ik). See 
under acid. 
hydrocirsocele (hi-dro-sir'so-sel) [hydro- 4- cirso- 
cele]. Hydrocele combined with varicocele. 
hydrocollidin (hi-dro-kol'id-in) [hydro- 4- col- 
lidin]. A poisonous oily ptomain, C8H13N, from 
nicotin, decayed flesh, and from stale fish. 
hydrocolpos (hi-dro-kol'pos) [Gr. v8up water 4- 
koXttos vagina]. A retention-cyst of the vagina 
containing a watery fluid. 
hydroconion (hi-dro-ko'ne-on) [Gr. v8wp water 4- 
kovls dust]. An atomizer or vaporizer for throw- 
ing liquids in a fine spray. 
hydrocoridin (hi-dro-ko-ri'din). A ptomain, 
CjoHnN, produced by Bacillus allii. 
hydrocotarnin (hi"dro-ko-tar'nin). A crystalliz- 
able base, C12H15NO3 4- |H2O, from opium. 
Hydrocotyle (hi-dro-kot'il-e) [Gr. v8wp water 4- 
kotvXt) cup]. A genus of umbelliferous herbs. H. 
asiat'ica is serviceable in syphilis, leprosy, and 
skin diseases. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
hydrocyanic acid (hi"dro-si-an'ik). See under 
acid. 
hydrocyst (hi'dro-sist) [Gr. vbup water 4- kwttis 
cyst]. A cyst with watery contents. 
hydrocystoma (hi"dro-sis-to'mah) [Gr. Mop water 
4- Kvaris cyst 4- -wpa tumor]. A cystic dis- 
ease of the sweat-glands of the face, with lesions 
resembling boiled sago-grains embedded in the 
skin. It is frequently seen in washerwomen, 
laundresses, and those exposed to moist heat. 
hydrodiascope (hi-dro-di'as-kop) [Gr. v3wp water 
4- 61a through 4- awKeiv to see]. An instrument, 
resembling a pair of spectacles, used in the treat- 
ment of astigmatism. 
hydrodictiotomy (hi"dro-dik-te-ot'o-me). An 
operation for displacement of the retina (R. 
Secondi). 
hydrodiffusion (hi"dro-dif-u'zhun). Diffusion in 
an aqueous medium. 
hydrodynamics (hi"dro-di-nam'iks) [Gr. vbwp 
water 4- dynamics]. That branch of the science 
of mechanics which treats of liquids. 
hydro-electric (hi"dro-e-lek'trik). Combining 
the therapeutic use of water and of electricity. 
hydro-electrization (hi"dro-el-ek-triz-a'shun). 
Treatment by the hydro-electric bath. 
hydro-encephalocele (hi"dro-en-sef'al-o-sel) [Gr. 
v3wp water 4- KeipaXi) head 4- ktjXt) hernia]. Her- 
nial protrusion of a knuckle of the cranial dura 
distended with fluid. 
hydrogel (hi'dro-jel). A gel that has water as its 
dispersion medium. 
hydrogen (hi'dro-jen) [Gr. v8wp water 4- yevvav to 
produce]. A light, inflammable, gaseous element, 
odorless and tasteless. Its symbol is H; atomic 
weight, 1.008; specific gravity, 0.069. Hydrogen 
readily enters and goes out of chemic combi- 
nations, and it is to this fact that acids owe their 
property of forming salts by substitution of bases 
for the hydrogen of the acids, h. dioxid. Same 
as h. peroxid. h. disulphid, an ill-smelling 
gas, H2S2. h. exponent. See under exponent. 
h. ion, the positively charged hydrogen atom, 
h. ion concentration. See under concentra- 
tion. h. monoxid, water, H2O. h. peroxid, a 
strongly disinfectant cleansing and bleaching 
liquid, H2O2: used mainly as a wash or spray. 
Dose, 5-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.). h. selenid, a poisonous 
gas, H2Se: its inhalation causes an obstinate 
coryza and destroys the sense of smell, sul- 
phuretted h., h. sulphid, hydrosulphuric 
acid. See acid. 
hydrogenate (hi'dro-jen-at). To cause to combine 
with hydrogen; to reduce. 
HYDROCHOLESTEROL 
518 
hydrogenid (hi'dro-jen-id). A hydrid. 
hydrogenize (hi'dro-jen-Iz). Hydrogenate, 
hydrogenoid (hi-droj'en-oid). A homeopathic 
term noting a constitution or temperament that 
will not tolerate much moisture, h. remedy, 
one adapted to such a constitution. 
Hydrogenomonas (hi-droj-en-om'onas). A genus 
of bacterial organisms. They are short rods 
capable of growing in the absence of organic matter, 
obtaining their energy for growth from the oxida- 
tion of hydrogen to water. H. pantot'ropha, 
a species which generates formaldehyd. 
hydroglossa (hi-dro-glos'ah) [Gr. v3wp water + 
7Xwaaa tongue]. Ranula. 
hydrogol (hi'dro-gol). A proprietary agent said 
to be an aqueous solution of colloidal silver: 
used for gonorrhea. 
hydrohematonephrosis (hi"dro-hem"at-o-nef- 
ro'sis) [Gr. u3wp water 4- alpa blood + veippos kid- 
ney]. Distention of the pelvis of the kidney with 
bloody urine. 
hydrohymenitis (hi"dro-hi-men-i'tis) [Gr. v3up 
water + vprjv membrane + -itis inflammation]. 
The inflammation of a serous membrane. 
hydrokinetics (hi"dro-kin-et'iks) [Gr. u3wp water 
+ Klvriais motion]. That branch of mechanics 
which treats of fluids in motion. 
hydrol (hi'drol). See hydrone. 
hydrolase (hi'dro-las). A ferment which causes 
hydrolysis. 
hydrolein (hi-dro'le-in). Cod-liver oil emulsified 
with pancreatin and borax. 
hydrology (hi-drol'o-je) [Gr. vowp water 4- \byos 
science]. The sum of knowledge regarding water 
and its uses. 
hydrolymph (hi'dro-limf) [Gr. i)3up water + 
lymph]. The thin, watery blood of certain of 
the lower animals. 
hydrolysis (hi-drol'is-is) [Gr. v6wp water + Xuetp to 
loosen]. Decomposition due to the incorporation 
of wTater. The two resulting products divide the 
water, the hydroxyl group being attached to. one 
and the hydrogen atom to the other, reversible 
h., hydrosynthesis. 
hydrolyst (hi'dro-list). A hydrolytic ferment. 
hydrolyte (hi'dro-lit). A substance undergoing 
hydrolysis. 
hydrolytic (hi-dro-lit'ik). Pertaining to or oper- 
ating by hydrolysis. 
hydrolyze (hi'dro-liz). To subject to hydrolysis, 
hydroma (hi-dro'mah). Same as hygroma. 
hydromania (hi-dro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. vbup water 
+ pavia madness]. Insanity marked by a ten- 
dency to commit suicide by drowning. 
hydromel (hi'dro-mel) [Gr. v8up water 4- peXc 
honey]. Water mixed with honey: sometimes 
medicated in various ways. 
hydromeningitis (hi"dro-men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. v8wp 
water 4- meningitis], i. Meningitis with serous 
effusion. 2. Descemetitis or cyclitis. 
hydromeningocele (hi"dro-men-in'go-sel) [Gr. 
vbwp water 4- prjviy^ membrane 4- k^Xt? hernia]. 
Encephalocele; also spina bifida with protru- 
sion of the meninges so as to form a sac filled 
with a serous fluid. 
hydrometer (hi-drom'et-er) [Gr. v3up water 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for finding the 
specific gravities of fluids. 
hydrometra (hi-dro-me'trah) [Gr. v8wp water 4- 
pyrpa uterus], A. collection of watery fluid in 
the uterus. 
hydrometric (hi-dro-met'rik). Pertaining to hy- 
drometry. 
hydrometry (hi-drom'et-re). The measurement 
of the specific gravity of a fluid by means of the 
hydrometer. 
HYDROMETRY hydromphalus (hi-drom'fal-us) [Gr. vbmp water + 
op<paX6s navel]. A watery tumor or cyst at the 
navel. 
hydromyelia (hi"dro-mi-e'le-ah). See hydromye- 
locele. 
hydromyelocele (hi"dro-mi-el'o-sel) [hydro- + 
myelocele]. The formation of spaces filled with 
a watery fluid in the spinal cord, chiefly of children; 
syringomyelia. 
hydromyoma (hi"dro-mi-o'mah) [Gr. v8cop water 
+ myoma]. A cystic (usually uterine) myoma 
containing fluid. 
hydronal (hi'dro-nal). A polymerization product of 
chloral and pyridin: used as a hypnotic. Called 
also viferral. 
hydronaphthol (hi-dro-naf'thol) [hydro- + naph- 
thol}. A disinfectant naphthol preparation. It is 
used in typhoid fever, and in 1 : 1000 solution 
as a disinfectant for instruments. Dose, 30-60 
min. (2-4 c.c.). 
hydronaphthylamin (hi"dro-naf-thil-am'in). A 
powerfully mydriatic substance, C10H11NH2. 
hydrone (hi'dron) [Gr. v8iop water + &v being]. 
The unassociated water molecule, H2O. 
hydronephrosis (hi"dro-nef-ro'sis) [Gr. vbup water 
+ v&ppbs kidney], A collection of urine in the 
pelvis of the kidney, forming a cyst by the pro- 
duction of distention and atrophy of the organ, 
intermittent h., a form with occasional reduc- 
tion in the size of the cyst, due to the escape 
of urine through the twisted ureter. 
hydronephrotic (hi"dro-nef-rot'ik). Pertaining 
to or affected with hydronephrosis. 
hydro -oligocythemia (hi"dro-ol"ig-o-si-the'me- 
ah) [Gr. vbcop water -|- bXlyos few + kotos cell + 
al pa blood]. Anemia with excess of serum and 
scarcity of red blood-corpuscles. 
hydroparasalpinx (hi"dro-par-as-al'pinks) [Gr. 
68up water + irapa beside + aaXirty^ tube]. The 
accumulation of watery fluid in the accessory 
tubes of the oviduct. 
hydroparotitis (hi"dro-par-o-ti'tis). Distention 
of the parotid gland with fluid. 
hydropathic (hi-dro-path'ik). Pertaining to hy- 
dropathy. 
hydropathy (hi-drop'ath-e) [Gr. b8wp water + 
irafios suffering]. Treatment of disease by the 
application of water; particularly a system of 
treatment which professes to cure all diseases 
by the use of water; water cure. 
hydropericarditis (hi"dro-per-e-kar-di'tis). Peri- 
carditis attended with a watery effusion. 
hydropericardium (hi"dro-per-e-kar'de-um) [Gr. 
ijbwp water + pericardium]. The accumulation 
of a serous fluid in the pericardial cavity. 
hydroperinephrosis (hi"dro-per-e-nef-ro'sis) [Gr. 
v8wp water + rrepl around + ve<ppbs kidney]. A 
collection of fluid in the retroperitoneal connec- 
tive tissue and opening into the pelvis of the 
kidney. 
hydroperion (hi-dro-per'e-on) [Gr. v8wp water + 
ttepi around -j- &bv egg]. The fluid between the 
decidua reflexa arid the decidua vera. 
hydroperitoneum (hi"dro-per-it-o-ne'um) [Gr. 
v8wp water + peritoneum]. Ascites or abdominal 
dropsy. 
hydroperitonia (hi"dro-per-it-o'ne-ah). Ascites, 
hydrophil, hydrophilic (hi'dro-fil, -fil'ik). Hy- 
drophilous. 
hydrophilous (hi-drof'il-us) [Gr. b8wp water + 
ipiXetv to love]. Readily absorbing moisture; 
hygroscopic. 
hydrophobia (hi-dro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. b8wp water + 
(poffos fear]. The usual name for rabies in man. 
See rabies, paralytic h., rabies with symptoms 
not unlike those of acute ascending paralysis. 
hydrophobic (hi-dro-fo'bik). Pertaining to or 
affected with hydrophobia. 
HYDROMPHALUS 
519 
hydrophobin (hi-dro-f o'bin). Same as lyssin. 
hydrophobinum (hi-dro-fo-bi'num). A homeo- 
pathic nosode from the virus of rabies. 
hydrophobophobia (hi"dro-fo-bo-fo'be-ah) [hy- 
drophobia -|- Gr. <po^os fear]. Morbid dread of hy- 
drophobia, with symptoms that simulate those of 
true rabies. 
hydrophthalmia (hi-drof-thal'me-ah). Hydroph- 
thalmos. 
hydrophthalmos, hydrophthahnus (hi-drof- 
thal'mos, hi-drof-thal'mus) [Gr. v8cop water -f- 
bipOaXpbs eye]. Dropsy of the eye; distention 
of the eyeball by a watery effusion, producing 
buphthalmus, keratoglobus, staphyloma, etc. h. 
ante'rior, that which affects the anterior portion 
of the eyeball only. h. posterior, that affecting 
the posterior part of the eyeball only. h. tota'- 
lis, that which affects the entire eyeball. 
hydrophysometra (hi"dro-fi-so-me'trah) [hydro- 
+ phy some Ira], The presence of water and gas in 
the uterus. 
hydropic (hi-drop'ik) [L. hydrop'icus; Gr. v8puiri- 
kos]. Pertaining to or affected with dropsy. 
hydropigenous (hi-dro-pij'en-us). Causing dropsy, 
hydropirin (hi-dro-pi'rin). Sodium or lithium 
acetylsalicylate: used in rheumatism. 
hydroplasma (hi-dro-plaz'mah) [Gr. v8up water -|- 
irXacrpa something formed], i. A watery condition 
of the blood-plasm. 2. A watery or dropsical 
condition of the tissues. 
hydropneumatosis (hi"dro-nu-mat-o'sis) [Gr. 
water + irvevp dr wars inflation]. A collection 
of fluid and gas within the tissues. 
hydropneumopericardium (hi"dro-nu"mo-per"- 
ik-ar'de-um) [Gr. v8wp water + irvevpa air + peri- 
cardium], A collection of fluid and gas within the 
pericardium. 
hydropneumoperitoneum (hi"dro-nu"mo-per- 
it-o-ne'um) [Gr. v8wp water + irvevpa air + per- 
itoneum], The presence of fluid and gas in the 
peritoneal cavity. 
hydropneumothorax (hi"dro-nu-mo-tho'raks) 
[Gr. 08 wp water + irvevpaair + 0wpa£ chest], A 
collection of fluid and gas within the pleural cavity. 
hydropotherapy (hi"dro-po-ther'ap-e) [Gr. v6pw\p 
dropsy + Oepaireia treatment]. The therapeutic 
injection of ascitic fluid. 
hydrops (hi'drops) [Gr. dropsy], Latin for 
dropsy. See dropsy, h. abdom inis, abdominal 
dropsy; ascites, h. ad mat'ulam, polyuria, 
h. am'nii, hydramnion. h. an'tri, effusion of 
serous fluid into the antrum of Highmore, h. 
artic'uli, the dropsy of a joint, h. asthmat'- 
icus, beriberi. h. follic'uli, dropsy of the 
graafian follicle. h. hypos'trophos, angio- 
neurotic edema, h. tu'bae, hydrosalpinx. h. 
tu'bae prof'luens, a condition in which the 
abdominal opening of the fallopian tube is closed 
by adhesions, and in consequence the tube fills 
with serum until pressure causes it to escape 
through the uterine opening. Called also inter- 
mittent hydrosalpinx. 
hydropyonephrosis (hi"dro-pi"o-nef-ro'.sis) [Gr. 
v8wp water + irvov pus + vetppos kidney]. The 
accumulation of urine and pus in the kidney and 
its pelvis. 
hydropyrin (hi-dro-pi'rin). Lithium acetylsali- 
cylate: used in rheumatism and neuralgia. 
hydroquinicin (hi-dro-kwin'is-in). An alkaloid 
C20H26O2N2, formed by fusing dry hydroquinin 
sulphate. 
hydroquinidin (hi-dro-kwin'id-in). An alkaloid, 
C20H26O2N2.2IH2O, from commercial quinidin. 
hydroquinin (hi-dro-kwin'in). A white, crystalline 
powder, methyl hydrocuprein, C2oH2602N2-2H20: 
used in malaria. 
hydroquinon (hi-dro-kwin'on). See hydrochinon. 
HYDROQUINON hydrorachis (hi-dror'a-kis) [Gr. u6wp water -f- 
paxis spine]. A collection of water in the verte- 
bral canal. 
hydrorachitis (hi"dro-ra-ki'tis) [Gr. v8cop water 
+ paxis spine + -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion within the vertebral canal, attended with a 
watery effusion. 
hydrorheostat (hi-dro-re'o-stat) [hydro- + rheo- 
stat], A rheostat in which resistance is furnished 
by water. 
hydrorrhea, hydrorrhoea (hi-dro-re'ah) [Gr. 
v8up water + polo. flow]. A copious watery dis- 
charge. h. gravida'rum, a discharge of thin 
mucus from the pregnant uterus, due to excessive 
secretion of the uterine glands, nasal h., watery 
discharge from the nose. 
hydrosalpinx (hi-dro-sal'pinks) [Gr. v8o>p water + 
aaXiriyf trumpet]. The distention of an oviduct 
with a watery fluid, intermittent h. See 
hy'drops tu'bce profluens. 
hydrosarcocele (hi-dro-sar'ko-sel) [hydro- + sar- 
cocele]. Hydrocele conjoined with sarcocele. 
hydroscheocele (hi-dros'ke-o-sel) [Gr. v8wp water 
+ baxcov scrotum + KT)\r) hernia]. Scrotal hernia 
which contains fluid. 
hydroscope (hi'dro-skop) [Gr. v8up water + 
aKOTteiv to see]. An instrument for detecting the 
presence of water. 
hydrosis (hi-dro'sis). An incorrect spelling of 
hidrosis. 
hydrosol (hi'dro-sol). A sol in which the solvent is 
water. 
hydrosphygmograph (hi-dro-sfig'mo-graf) [Gr. 
v8wp water + a^vypos pulse -|- ypaipav to record]. 
A sphygmograph with water for an index. 
hydrospirometer (hi"dro-spi-rom'et-er) [Gr. Mwp 
water + L. spira're to breathe + Gr. perpov 
measure]. A spirometer in which a column of 
water serves as an index. 
hydrostat (hi'dro-stat) [Gr. v8o>p water 4- marbs 
standing]. A device to prevent the spilling of the 
fluid of an electric battery. 
hydrostatic (hi-dro-stat'ik) [Gr. v8wp water + 
ar ar lk6s standing]. Pertaining to a liquid in a 
state of equilibrium. 
hydrostatics (hi-dro-stat'iks). The science of 
liquids in a state of rest or equilibrium. 
hydrosudopathy (hi"dro-su-dop'ath-e) [Gr. v8wp 
water + L. su'dor sweat + Gr. iraOos disease]. 
Hydrosudotherapy. 
hydrosudotherapy (hi"dro-su-do-ther'ap-e). Hy- 
drotherapy with the induction of perspiration. 
hydrosynthesis (hi-dro-sin'thes-is). A chemical 
reaction in which water is formed. 
hydrosyringomyelia (hi"dro-si-ring"o-mi-e'le- 
ah) [Gr. v8up water + avpiy^ tube + pveXbs mar- 
row]. Distention of the central canal of the spinal 
cord by an effused fluid, with the formation of 
cavities and degeneration. 
hydrotaxis (hi-dro-tak'sis) [Gr. vScop water + ragis 
arrangement]. The movement of organisms or 
cells in relation to moisture. 
hydrotherapeutics (hi"dro-ther-ap-u'tiks) [Gr. 
v8ajp water + OepaTrevecv to heal]. The use of 
water in treating disease. 
hydrotherapy (hi-dro-ther'ap-e). Same as hydro- 
therapeutics. 
hydrothionammonemia (hi"dro-thi-o-nam"o- 
ne'me-ah) [Gr. v8wp water 4- Oeiov sulphur 
ammonium + Gr. aipa blood]. The occurrence 
of ammonium hydrosulphid in the blood. 
hydrothionemia (hi"dro-thi-o-ne'me-ah) [Gr. 
vScop water + 0eiov sulphur + alpa blood]. The 
presence of hydrogen sulphid in the blood. 
hydrothionuria (hi"dro-thi-o-nu're-ah) [Gr. v8up 
water + Oeiov sulphur + ovpov urine]. The pres- 
ence of hydrogen sulphid in the urine. 
hydrothorax (hi-dro-tho'raks) [Gr. v8wp water + 
HYDRORACHIS 
520 
thorax]. The presence of an effused fluid in the 
pleural cavity. It is due to venous obstruction, 
to feeble circulation, and to hydremia, and is 
attended with dyspnea, and marked by absence 
of vocal fremitus, dulness on percussion, and other 
signs of the presence of the fluid, chylous h., 
the presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity, due 
to a wound or rupture of the thoracic duct. 
hydrotis (hi-dro'tis) [Gr. water + ous ear]. 
A watery effusion within the ear. 
hydrotomy (hi-drot'o-me) [Gr. v8up water + rep- 
vetv to cut]. The dissection or separation of parts 
by the forcible injection of water. 
hydrotropism (hi-dro-tro'pizm) [Gr. v8up water 
+ Tpoirdiv to turn]. Chemotropism produced by 
water. 
hydrotympanum (hi-dro-tim'pan-um) [Gr. v8wp 
water + tympanum]. Dropsy of the tympanic 
cavity. 
hydro-ureter (hi"dro-u-re'ter). Abnormal disten- 
tion of the ureter with urine or with a watery 
fluid. 
hydro-ureterosis (hi"dro-u-re-ter-o'sis). Same 
as hydro-ureter. 
hydrous (hi'drus). Containing water. 
hydrovarium (hi-dro-va're-um) [Gr. v8up water + 
L. ova'rium ovary]. Ovarian dropsy or ovarian 
cyst. 
hydroxid (hi-droks'id). Any compound of hydroxyl 
with another radical; a hydrate. 
hydroxidion (hi-drok-sid-i'on). Hydroxyl ion. 
hydroxyacetone (hi-drok-se-as'e-tbn). See acetol. 
hydroxyaminopropionic acid (hi-drok"se-am"- 
in-o-pro-pi-on'ik). See serin. 
hydroxybenzene (hi-drok"se-ben'zen). Phenol, 
hydroxycaffein (hi-drok-se-kaf'e-in). Trimethyl- 
uric acid; a diuretic. 
hydroxycholin (hi-drok-se-ko'lin). Muscarin. 
hydroxycodein (hi-drok-se-ko'de-in). An alkaloid 
derived from opium. 
hydroxyl (hi-droks'il). The univalent radical OH, 
which, in combination with other radicals, forms 
hydroxids. h. ion, the hydroxyl group in solution 
bearing a negative electric charge. 
hydroxylamin (hi"droks-il-am,in). An amin, 
NH3O, whose hydrochlorid, NH2OH.HC1, a sub- 
stance in colorless plates, is antiseptic and is used 
in skin diseases. 
hydroxypentacosanic acid (hi-drok"se-pen-tah- 
ko-san'ik). See cerebronic acid, under acid. 
hydrozone (hi'dro-zon) [Gr. vbwp water + ozone]. 
Water charged with hydrogen dioxid: detergent 
and antiseptic. 
hydruria (hi-dru're-ah) [Gr. v8wp water + ovpov 
urine]. Diabetes insipidus. 
hydruric (hi-dru'rik). Characterized by hydruria. 
hyenanchin (hi-e-nan'kin). A poisonous sub- 
stance from the outer envelops of the fruit of 
Toxicoden'dr on capen'se, of South Africa. It some- 
what resembles strychnin in its action. 
hyetometry (hi-et-om'et-re) [Gr. ueros rain + 
perpov measure]. Measurement of the rainfall. 
Hygeia (hi-je'ah). The goddess of health, daughter 
of /Esculapius, the god of medicine. 
hygeiolatry (hi-je-ol'at-re). Excessive attention 
to one's own health. 
hygiama (hi-je-ah'mah). A proprietary food made 
of condensed milk, chocolate, and cereals. 
hygieist (hi-je'ist). An expert in the rules for pre- 
serving the health. 
hygiene (hi-jen') [Gr. byleia. health]. The science 
of health and of its preservation, oral h., the 
proper care of the mouth and teeth. 
hygienic (hi-je-en'ik). Pertaining to hygiene or 
to health. 
hygienics (hi-je-en'iks). A system of principles for 
promoting health: hygiene. 
HYGIENICS hygienism (hi-je'en-izm). Devotion to the ob- 
servance of hygienic rules. 
hygienist (hi-je'in-ist). A specialist in hygiene. 
hygienization (hi"je-en-iz-a'shun). The estab- 
lishment of hygienic conditions. 
hygiogenesis (hi-je-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. vyvqs healthy 
+ yev- to produce]. The mechanism of the proc- 
esses which lead to recovery of health. 
hygiopon (hi-je'o-pon). A preparation of iron, 
said to be electrolytic. 
hygrechema (hi-gre-ke'mah). An auscultation 
sound caused by the presence of water. 
hygremometry (hi-gre-mom'et-re) [Gr. vypbs 
moist + alpa blood 4- perpov measure]. Estima- 
tion of the dried substance of the blood for the pur- 
pose of determining the proportion of hemoglobin. 
hygric (hi'grik) [Gr. vypbs moist]. Pertaining or 
relating to moisture. 
hygrin (hi'grin) [Gr. vypbs moist]. A mydriatic 
liquid alkaloid, C12H13N, from coca-leaves. 
hygroblepharic (hi"gro-blef-ah'nk) [Gr. vypbs 
moist + /3Xeipapov eyelid]. Noting the excretory 
ducts of the lacrimal canals. 
hygrol (hi'grol). Colloidal mercury: sometimes 
used in ointments. 
hygroma (hi-gro'mah), pl. hygro'mata [Gr. vypbs 
moist + -wpa tumor]. A sac, cyst, or bursa dis- 
tended with a fluid. Fleischmann's h., enlarge- 
ment of a bursa in the floor of the mouth, to the 
outer side of the geniglossus muscle. 
hygromed (hi'gro-med). An instrument for per- 
forming hygromedry. 
hygromedry (hi-grom'ed-re). Measurement of the 
vapor given off from a definite area of the skin. 
hygrometer (hi-grom'et-er) [Gr. vypbs moist 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the moisture of the atmosphere, hair h., Saus- 
sure's h., a hygrometer whose action is deter- 
mined by the elongation and contraction of a hair 
under the influence of moisture. 
hygrometric (hi-gro-met'rik). 1. Pertaining to 
hygrometry. 2. Hygroscopic or bibulous: read- 
ily absorbing water. 
hygrometry (hi-grom'et-re) [Gr. vypbs moist + 
perpov measure]. The measurement of the pro- 
portion of watery vapor in the air. 
Hygrophi'la spino'sa. A plant of tropical Asia: 
used as a demulcent and diuretic. 
hygrophobia (hi-gro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. vypbs moist 4- 
tpb^os fear]. Morbid dread of liquids, as water or 
wine. 
hygroscope (hi'gro-skbp). An instrument for 
estimating the amount of moisture in the at- 
mosphere. 
hygroscopic (hi-gro-skop'ik) [Gr. vypbs moist + 
aKoireiv to view]. Readily absorbing moisture. 
hygroscopy (hi-gros'ko-pe). Estimation of the 
amount of moisture in the atmosphere. 
hygrostomia (hi-gro-sto'me-ah) [Gr. vypbs moist 
+ (rropa mouth], Ptyalism or salivation. 
hyla (hi'lah). A lateral extension of the mesoccele, 
or aqueduct of Sylvius. Called also paraqueduct. 
hyle (hi'le) [Gr. vXq matter]. The primitive sub- 
stance from which all matter is composed. See 
protyl. 
hylic (hi'lik) [Gr. vXq matter]. Composed of 
matter: a term applied by Adami to the pulp 
tissues of the embryo. 
hylogenesis (hi-lo-ien'is-is) [Gr. vXq matter 4- 
yeveffLs formation]. The production by a cell of 
the substance which is to be secreted. 
hyloma (hi-lo'mah) [Gr. vXq matter + -oopa tumor]. 
A tumor formed in one of the original hylic tissues, 
atypic h., gliosarcoma. mesenchymal h., a 
tumor composed of tissue derived from the mes- 
enchyma. mesothelial h., a tumor formed 
from tissue of mesothelial origin, typic h., 
a neuroma or glioma. 
HYGIENISM 
521 
HYO-EPIGLOTTIC 
hylopathism (hi-lop'ath-izm) [Gr. vXq matter + 
irados illness]. The doctrine that disease is due to 
changes in the constitution of matter. 
hylopathist (hi-lop'ath-ist). One who believes in 
the theory of hylopathism. 
hylotropic (hi-lo-trop'ik) [Gr. VXq matter + 
rpbrrq turn]. Changing form, as from liquid to 
vapor, without change of composition. 
hylozoism (hi-lo'zo-izm) [Gr. vXq matter + 
^ov animal]. The doctrine that all matter in 
the universe is alive. 
hymen (hi'men) [Gr. vpqv membrane]. The mem- 
branous fold which partially or wholly occludes 
the external orifice of the vagina, at least during 
virginity, h. bifenestra'tus, h. bifo'ris, a 
hymen with two openings side by side and a broad 
septum between them, cribriform h., a hymen 
in which the opening is filled by a membrane 
pierced by many small perforations, denticular 
h., a hymen with an opening which has serrate 
edges, imperforate h., one which completely 
closes the vaginal orifice, infundibuliform h., 
a hymen that has a central opening with slop- 
ing sides. sculptured h., a hymen show- 
ing an irregularly curved edge, as if carved out 
of a thickened tissue. h. septus, a form 
of hymen in which the opening is divided by a 
narrow septum. h. subsep'tus, a form of 
hymen in which the opening is partially filled by 
a septum growing out of one wall, but not reaching 
the other. 
hymenal (hi'men-al). Pertaining to the hymen. 
hymenitis (hi-men-i'tis) [Gr. vpqv hymen + -iris 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the hymen. 
hymenium (hi-me'ne-um) [dim. of Gr. vpqv mem- 
brane]. The spore-forming surface of the hyphae of 
fungi. 
Hymenolepis (hi-men-ol'ep-is). A genus of cestode 
worms. H. diminu'ta, a tapeworm of rats oc- 
casionally found in man. H. lanceola'ta, a 
tapeworm of ducks and geese once reported from 
man. H. muri'na, H. na'na, the dwarf 
tapeworm, a species about i inch long, found in the 
adult form in the human intestine, and frequently 
causing local disturbance. Fleas (Ceratophyllus 
fasciatus and Xenopsylla cheopis) serve as inver- 
tebrate hosts, but infection probably reaches man 
through the rat. 
hymenology (hi-men-ol'o-je) [Gr. vpqv hymen + 
Xoyos word]. The sum of what is known regard- 
ing the membranes. 
Hymenoptera (hi-men-op'ter-ah) [Gr. vpqv mem- 
brane + irrepov wing]. An order of insects having 
four membranous wings, as the bees, wasps, 
ants, etc. 
hymenop ter ism (hi-men-op'ter-izm). Poisoning 
by the stings or bites of hymenopterous insects, 
as a bee or wasp. 
hymenorrhaphy (hi-men-or'af-e) [Gr. vpqv hymen 
+ pa<pq seam]. The closure of the vagina by 
sutures at the hymen. 
hymenotome (hi-men'o-tom) [Gr. vpqv membrane 
+ repveiv to cut]. An instrument for cutting 
membranes. 
hymenotomy (hi-men-ot'o-me) [Gr. vpqv mem- 
brane 4- repveiv to cut], i. Surgical incision of 
the hymen. 2. The anatomy and dissection of 
membranes. 
hymosa (hi-mo'sah). A proprietary remedy for 
gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, and lumbago. Dose, 
1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
hyobasioglossus (hi"o-ba-se-o-glos'us). The 
basal part of the hyoglossus muscle. 
hyocholalic (hi"o-ko-lal'ik) [Gr. vs swine + x°^V 
bile]. Noting an acid from swine's bile. 
hyo-epiglottic, hyo-epiglottidean (hi"o-ep-ig- 
lot'ik, hi"o-ep-ig-lot-id'e-an) [Gr. voetbqs hyoid 
+ eKiyX&Tris epiglottis]. Pertaining to the 
hyoid bone and the epiglottis. HYOGLOSSAL 
522 
HYPERANAKINESIA 
hyoglossal (hi-o-glos'al) [Gr. voeibqs hyoid + 
yXwaaa tongue]. Pertaining to the hyoid bone 
and the tongue.. 
hyoglossus (hi-o-glos'us). See muscles, table of. 
hyoid (hi'oid) [Gr. voetdiqs U-shaped]. 1. Shaped 
like the Greek letter upsilon (u). 2. Pertaining 
to the hyoid bone. See bone. 
hyonigrin (hi-o-ni'grin). A proprietary powdered 
concentration from the leaves of Hyoscy' amus 
ni'ger. Dose, gr. (0.004-0.032 gm.). 
hyopharyngeus (hi"o-far-in'je-us). The middle 
constrictor of the pharynx. 
hyoscin (hi'o-sin) [L. hyos'cina]. A soft, amor- 
phous alkaloid, C17H21O4N.H2O, from hyoscyamus 
It is a poisonous nerve depressant, mydriatic, and 
hypnotic, and is used in mania, delirium, insom- 
nia, alcoholic tremor, and morbid sexual excite- 
ment. Dose, gr. (0.001 gm.); of hydrobro- 
mid or hydriodate, limV Sr- (0.0005-0.0008 gm.). 
hyoscyamin (hi-o-si-am'in) [L. hyoscyam'ina]. 
An alkaloid, tropyl tropein, C17H23NO3, isomeric 
with hyoscin and atropin; and apparently identical 
with duboisin, from hyoscyamus and other solan- 
aceous plants. It is a white, crystalline substance, 
slightly soluble in water, freely so in acidulated 
water, alcohol, and ether. Used as a hypnotic, 
anodyne, and antispasmodic in mental disorders, 
epilepsy, colic, etc. Dose, gr- (0.0008 gm.); 
of hydrobromid or sulphate, 5*0 8r- (0.00066- 
0.0013 gm.). 
Hyoscyamus (hi-o-si'am-us) [L.; Gr. us swine + 
Kvapos bean]. A genus of solanaceous plants. 
The leaves, seeds, flowers, and tops of H. ni'ger, 
or henbane, are narcotic, mydriatic, and anal- 
gesic, and are given in mania, hysteria, whoop- 
ing-cough, colic, and incontinence of urine. Dose 
of abstract, 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.333 gm.); of alcoholic 
extract, 1-2 gr. (0.066-0.133 gm.); of fluidextract, 
5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.); of tincture, 15-30 min. 
(1-2 c.c.). 
hyospondylotomy (hi"o-spon-dil-ot'o-me) [hyoid 
+ Gr. airovbvXos vertebra -j- ropq cut]. The vet- 
erinary operation of incising the laryngeal pouch. 
hyothyroid (hi-o-thi'roid). Pertaining to the 
hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage. 
hyovertebrotomy (hi"o-ver-te-brot'o-me). Same 
as hyospondylotomy. 
hypacidemia (hi-pas-id-e'me-ah) [Gr. virb under 
+ acid + Gr. alpa. blood]. Deficiency of an acid 
in the blood. 
hypacidity (hi-pas-id'it-e) [Gr. virb under + acid- 
ity]. Deficiency of acid; lack of normal acidity. 
hypacusia, hypacusis (hi-pak-u'ze-ah, hi-pak- 
u'sis) [Gr. virb under + a/couais hearing]. Defec- 
tive hearing. 
hypalbuminosis (hi"pal-bu-min-o'sis). Defi- 
ciency of albumin in the blood. 
hypalgesia, hypalgia (hi-pal-je'ze-ah, hi-pal'je- 
ah) [Gr. virb under + aXyqais pain]. Diminished 
sensitiveness to pain. 
hypalgesic, hypalgetic (hi-pal-je'sik, -jet'ik). 
Showing decreased sensitiveness to pain. 
hypamnesia (hi-pam-ne'ze-ah) [Gr. virb under + 
pvqaia memory]. Hypofunction of memory. 
hypamnion, hypamnios (hi-pam'ne-on, hi-pam'- 
ne-os) [Gr. virb under + amnion]. Deficiency of 
the amniotic fluid. 
hypanakinesia, hypanakinesis (hi"pan-ak-in- 
e'ze-ah, hi"pan-ak-in-e'sis) [Gr. virb under + 
avaKlvijcns exercise]. Deficiency of mechanic 
action, as of the stomach [h. ventric'uli). 
hyparterial (hi-par-te're-al). Beneath an artery. 
hypasthenia (hi-pas-the'ne-ah) [Gr. virb under -f- 
aadeveia weakness]. Slight asthenia. 
hypaxial (hi-pak'se-al) [Gr. virb under + a£is axis]. 
Situated ventrad to the body axis. 
hypazoturia (hi-pa-zo-tu're-ah) [Gr. viro under + 
azoturia]. Deficient elimination of nitrogen in the 
urine. 
hypencephalon (hi-pen-sef'al-on) [Gr. utto under 
+ eyKetpaXos brain]. The embryonic cerebellum. 
hypenchyme (hi'peng-kim). The primitive em- 
bryonic tissue formed in the cavity of the archen- 
teron. 
hypeosinophil (hi-pe-o-sin'o-fil) [hypo- + eosino- 
phil]. i. A cell or other structural element im- 
perfectly stainable with eosin; specifically, one of 
the leukocyte granules which stain with eosin, but 
may be decolorized by alkalis or acids. 2. Im- 
perfectly stainable with eosin. 
hyper- (hi'per-) [Gr. virep above]. A prefix signi- 
fying above, beyond. 
hyperacid (hi-per-as'id) [Gr. virep over + L. ac'idus 
sour]. Abnormally or excessively acid. 
hyperacidaminuria (hi"per-as"id-am-in-u're-ah). 
Excess of amino-acids in the urine. 
hyperacidity (hi"per-as-id'it-e). An excessive de- 
gree of acidity, larval h., gastric hyperacidity 
which is not revealed. 
hyperaction (hi-per-ak'shun). Abnormal increase 
of activity. 
hyperactivity (hi-per-ak-tiv'it-e). Overactivity. 
hyperacusis, hyperakusis, hyperacousia 
(hi"per-ak-u'sis, hi"per-ak-oo'ze-ah) [Gr. virep over 
-T axovais hearing]. An abnormally acute sense 
of hearing. 
hyperacute (hi-per-ak-ut'). Very acute. 
hyperadenosis (hi"per-ad-en-o'sis) [Gr. virep over 
+ ab-qv gland]. Enlargement of glands. 
hyperadiposis, hyperadiposity (hi"per-ad-ip- 
o'sis, -os'it-e) [Gr. virep over + adiposis]. Ex- 
treme adiposity or fatness. 
hyperadrenalemia (hi"per-ad-re-nal-e'me-ah). 
The presence of an abnormal amount of adrenal 
secretion in the blood. 
hyperadrenalism (hi"per-ad-re'nal-izm). Abnor- 
mally increased activity of adrenal secretion. 
hyperadrenia (hi-per-ad-re'ne-ah). Hyperadrenal- 
ism. 
hyperaemia (hi-per-e'me-ah). See hyperemia. 
hyperaesthesia (hi"per-es-the'ze-ah). See hyper- 
esthesia. 
hyperalbuminosis (hi"per-al-bu-min-o'sis). An 
excess of albuminoids in the blood. 
hyperalgesia (hi"per-al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. virep over + 
aXyqais pain]. Excessive sensitiveness or sensi- 
bility to pain, auditory h., the condition in 
which slight noises cause pain, muscular h., 
the condition in which slight exertion causes 
great weariness. 
hyperalgesic (hi"per-al-je'sik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by hyperalgesia. 
hyperalgetic (hi"per-al-jet'ik). Hyperalgesic. 
hyperalgia (hi-per-al'je-ah) [Gr. virep over + aXyos 
pain]. Abnormal sensitiveness to pain. 
hyperalimentation (hi"per-al-im-en-ta'shun). 
Excess in the amount of food taken. 
hyperalimentosis (hi"per-al-im-en-to'sis). Dis- 
ease due to excess in eating. 
hyperalkalescence (hi"per-al-kal-es'ens). An 
excess of alkalinity. 
hyperalkalinity (hi"per-al-kal-in'it-e). Excessive 
alkalinity. 
hyperalonemia (hi"per-al-o-ne'me-ah) [Gr. virep 
over + aXs salt + al/m blood]. Excess of salts in 
the blood. 
hyperaminoacidemia (hi"per-am-in-o-as-id-e'- 
me-ah). Presence of amino-acids in the blood in 
excess of the normal amount. 
hyperanacinesia (hi"per-an-as-in-e'ze-ah). Hy- 
peranakinesia. 
hyperanakinesia, hyperanakinesis (hi"per- 
an-ak-in-e'ze-ah, hi"per-an-a-kin-e'sis) [Gr. virep 523 
over + avaKlvrja is exercise]. Excessive mechanic 
activity, as of the stomach {h. ventric' uli). 
hyperaphia (hi-per-a'fe-ah) [Gr. inrep over + d<pi? 
touch]. Excessive tactile sensibility. 
hyperaphic (hi-per-af'ik). Characterized by hy- 
peraphia. 
hyperazotemia (hi"per-a-zo-te'me-ah) [Gr. inrep 
over + azotemia]. The presence of an abnormally 
large amount of nitrogenous matter in the blood. 
hyperazoturia (hi"per-az-o-tu're-ah). Presence 
of an excessive amount of nitrogenous matter in 
the urine. 
hyperblastosis (hi-per-blas-to'sis) [Gr. inrep over 
+ ^XduTos germ]. An overgrowth of some specific 
tissue. 
hyperbrachycephalic (hi"per-bra-ke-sef-al'ik). 
Excessively brachycephalic. 
hyperbrachycephaly (hi"per-brak-is-ef'a-le). Ex- 
treme brachycephaly. 
hyperbulia (hi-per-bu'le-ah) [Gr. inrep over + 
0ovXi) will]. Morbid development of the will; 
insane wilfulness. 
hypercapnia (hi-per-kap'ne-ah) [Gr. inrep over + 
Karroos smoke]. Excess of carbon dioxid in the 
blood or in the lungs. 
hypercatharsis (hi"per-kath-ar'sis) [Gr. inrep over 
+ KaOapais purge]. Excessive purgation. 
hypercathartic (hi"per-kath-ar/tik) [Gr. inrep over 
+ KaOapriKos purgative]. Excessively cathartic. 
hypercementosis (hi"per-sem-en-to'sis). Ex- 
cessive development of the tooth-cement. 
hypercenesthesia (hi-per-sen-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
inrep over + cenesthesia]. A feeling of exaggerated 
well-being such as is seen in general paralysis and 
sometimes in mania. 
hyperchlorhydria (hi"per-klor-hid're-ah) [Gr. 
inrep over + xXwpos green (chlorin) + ij8a>p water 
(hydrogen)]. Excessive secretion of hydrochloric 
acid by the stomach cells, larval h., hyperchlor- 
hydria without any symptoms. 
hyperchlorid (hi-per-klo'rid). A perchlorid. 
hyperchloridation (hi"per-klo-rid-a'shun). The 
administration of an excess of sodium chlorid to the 
patient. 
hypercholesterinemia (hi"per-ko-les"ter-in-e'- 
me-ah). The presence of an excess of cholesterin 
in the blood. 
hypercholesterolemia (hi"per-ko-les-ter-ol-e'me- 
ah) [Gr. inrep over + cholesterol + alua blood]. 
Excess of cholesterol in the blood. 
hypercholia (hi-per-ko'le-ah) [Gr. inrep over + 
XoXt) bile]. Excessive secretion of bile. 
hyperchromasia (hi-per-kro-ma'se-ah). Hyper- 
chromatism. 
hyperchromatic (hi"per-kro-mat'ik). Containing 
an abnormally large number of chromosomes. 
hyperchromatin (hi-per-kro'mat-in). The part of 
the chromatin that stains with blue anilin dyes. 
hyperchromatism, hyperchromatosis (hi-per- 
kro'mat-izm, hi"per-kro-mah-to'sis) [Gr. inrep 
over + XP^PU color]. Excessive pigmentation; 
especially a form of degeneration of a cell-nucleus 
in which it becomes filled with particles of pigment, 
or chromosomes, macrocytar h. See hyper- 
chromatic macrocythemia, under macrocythemia. 
hyperchromatopsia (hi-per-kro"mat-op'se-ah) 
[Gr. inrep over -j- xpwpa color + mpis vision]. A 
condition in which all objects appear colored. 
hyperchromemia (hi-per-kro-me'me-ah) [Gr. inrep 
over + xpwpa color -f- alpa blood]. A high color- 
index of the blood. 
hyperchromia (hi-per-kro'me-ah). See hyper- 
chromatism. 
hyperchylia (hi-per-ki'le-ah). Same as hyper- 
chlorhydria. 
HYPERAPHIA 
hypercinesia (hi"per-sin-e'ze-ah). Same as hyper- 
kinesia. 
hypercoria (hi-per-ko're-ah). See hyperkoria. 
hypercrinism (hi-per-kri'nizm) [Gr. inrep over + 
Kplvetv to separate]. The bodily state caused by 
excessive secretion of any endocrine gland. 
hypercryalgesia (hi"per-kri-al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. inrep 
over + Kpiros cold + aXyos pain]. Excessive sensi- 
tiveness to cold. 
hypercryesthesia (hi"per-kri-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
inrep over + Kpiios cold + aiaOijais sensation]. 
Hypercryalgesia. 
hypercrysaesthesia (hi-per-kris-es the'ze-ah). Hy- 
percryesthesia. 
hypercyanotic (hi"per-si-an-ot'ik). Extremely cy- 
anotic. 
hypercyesis (hi"per-si-e'sis) [Gr. inrep over 4- 
xwjais gestation]. Superfetation. 
hypercythemia (hi"per-si-the'me-ah) [Gr. inrep 
over -|- kutos cell + alpa blood]. Excess in the 
number of red blood-corpuscles. 
hypercytochromia (hi-per-si-to-kro'me-ah) [Gr. 
inrep over -T kotos cell + xpcopa color]. Increased 
staining capacity of a blood-cell. 
hypercytosis (hi"per-si-to'sis) [Gr. inrep over + 
kvtos cell]. Hyperleukocytosis. 
hyperdactylia (hi-per-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. inrep over 
+ SaxrvXos finger]. The presence of super- 
numerary fingers or toes. 
hyperdiastole (hi-per-di-as'to-le) [Gr. inrep over 
+ diastole]. Active dilatation of the heart. 
hyperdicrotic (hi"per-di-krot'ik) [Gr. inrep over + 
dicrotic]. Exhibiting marked dicrotism. 
hyperdicrotism (hi-per-dik'ro-tizm) [Gr. inrep over 
+ dicrotism]. The quality of being hyperdicrotic; 
extreme dicrotism. 
hyperdiemorrhysis (hi"per-di-em-or'is-is) [Gr. 
inrep over + 6ia through + alpa blood + purr is 
flowing]. Capillary hyperemia. 
hyperdistention (hi"per-dis-ten'shun). Excessive 
distention. 
hyperdiuresis (hi"per-di-u-re'sis) [Gr. inrep over 
+ diuresis]. Excessive secretion of urine. 
hyperdontogeny (hi"per-don-toj'en-e). A third 
dentition. 
hyperdynamia (hi"per-din-a'me-ah) [Gr. inrep over 
+ Svvapis force]. Excessive muscular activity, 
h. u'teri, excessive uterine contractions in labor. 
hyperdynamic (hi-per-di-nam'ik). Characterized 
by hyperdynamia. 
hyperemesis (hi-per-em'e-sis) [Gr. inrep over -f- 
epeais vomiting]. Excessive vomiting, h. grav- 
ida'rum, the pernicious vomiting of pregnancy, 
h. lacten'tium, the vomiting of nursing babies. 
hyperemia, hypersemia (hi-per-e'me-ah) [Gr. 
inrep over -T alpa blood]. Excess of blood in any 
part of the body (Andral). active h., that due to 
increased inflow of blood, arterial h., active 
hyperemia. Bier's passive h., the induction 
of venous congestion by applying a thin rubber 
band, for the treatment of joint affections and 
inflammatory conditions, constriction h. See 
Bier's passive h. fluxionary h. Same as active 
h. leptomeningeal h., congestion of the 
pia-arachnoid. passive h., that due to de- 
creased outflow of blood, venous h., passive 
hyperemia. 
hyperemotivity (hi"per-e-mo-tiv'it-e). Abnor- 
mally excessive emotivity; abnormal responsive- 
ness to mild stimuli. 
hyperencephalus (hi"per-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. inrep 
over + eyKeipaXos brain]. A monster-fetus with 
the brain exposed. 
hyperendocrinism (hi"per-en-dok'rin-izm) [Gr. 
inrep over 4- evSov within + Kplveiv to separate]. 
Abnormal activity of any of the organs of internal 
secretion. _ 
HYPERENDOCRINISM HYPEREN DOCRISIA 
524 
HYPERKINESIA 
hyperendocrisia (hi"per-en-do-kris'e-ah). Hyper- 
endocrinism. 
hypereosinophilia (hi"per-e-o-sin-o-fil'e-ah). Ex- 
cessive eosinophilia. 
hyperephidrosis (hi"per-ef-id-ro'sis) [Gr. virep 
over + eirl upon + I6pus sweat]. Excessive 
sweating. 
hyperepinephry (hi"per-ep-e-nef're) [Gr. virep 
over + eireveeppos adrenal body]. Excessive 
activity of adrenal secretion, causing heightened 
arterial tension. 
hyperequilibrium (hi"per-e-kwil-ib're-um). An 
excessive tendency to vertigo. 
hypererethism (hi-per-er'eth-izm). Extreme ir- 
ritability. 
hyperergasia (hi"per-er-ga'se-ah) [Gr. virep over 
+ epyov work]. Abnormally increased functional 
activity. 
hypererythrocythemia (hi"per-er"ith-ro-si-the'- 
me-ah) [Gr. virep over + erythrocyte + Gr. alpa 
blood]. Excess of red corpuscles in the blood. 
hyperesophoria (hi"per-es-o-fo're-ah) [Gr. virep 
over + eaw inward + tpopelv to bear]. Upward 
and inward strabismus. 
hyperesthesia (hi"per-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. virep over 
+ alaO-qaes sensibility]. Excessive sensitiveness 
of the skin or of a special sense, acoustic h., 
auditory h., morbid sensitiveness of the ear to 
sounds, cerebral h., that which is due to a 
cerebral lesion, gustatory h. Same as hyper- 
geusia. muscular h., muscular oversensitive- 
ness to pain or fatigue, olfactory h. Same as 
hyperosmia. optic h., abnormal sensitiveness 
of the eye to light, sexual h., abnormal in- 
crease of the sexual impulse, tactile h. Same 
as hyperaphia or hyperpselaphesia. 
hyperesthetic (hi"per-es-thet'ik). Pertaining to 
or affected with hyperesthesia. 
hyperexophoria (hi"per-eks-o-fo're-ali) [Gr. virep 
over + e^co outward + <popbs bearing]. Upward 
and outward strabismus. 
hyperextension (hi"per-eks-ten'shun). Extreme 
or excessive extension. 
hyperfunctioning (hi-per-funk'shun-ing). Ex- 
cessive functioning on the part of an organ. 
hypergasia (hi-per-ga'se-ah) [Gr. virb under + 
epyov work]. Decreased functional activity. 
hypergenesis (hi-per-jen'es-is) [Gr. virep over + 
yeveacs development]. Excessive development 
or hypertrophy. 
hypergenetic (hi"per-jen-et'ik). Characterized by 
congenital hypertrophy of one or more parts or 
organs. 
hypergenitalism (hi"per-jen'it-al-izm). Excess- 
ive activity of the internal secretion of the genital 
glands, resulting in precocious puberty, genital 
overdevelopment, etc. 
hypergeusesthesia, hypergeusia (hi"per-gus- 
es-the'ze-ah, hi-per-gu'ze-ah) [Gr. virep over + 
yevaes taste]. Excessive or abnormal acuteness 
of the sense of taste. 
hypergigantosoma (hi"per-ji-gan"to-so'mah) [Gr. 
virep over + ylyas giant + aupa body]. Exces- 
sive tallness, or gigantism. 
hyperglobulia (hi"per-glo-bu'le-ah) [Gr. virep over 
+ L. glob'ulus globule]. Excess in the number 
of red globules in the blood. 
hyperglobulism (hi-per-glob'u-lizm). Hyperglob- 
ulia. 
hyperglycemia (hi"per-gli-se'me-ah) [Gr. virep 
over + yXvuvs sweet + alpa blood]. Excess of 
sugar in the blood. 
hyperglycistia, hyperglycystia (hi-per-gli-sis'- 
te-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- yXvKvs sweet + taros tis- 
sue], Excess of sugar in the bodily tissues. 
hyperglycogenolysis (hi-per-gli-ko-jen-ol'is-is). 
Excessive splitting up of glycogen, resulting in an 
excess of dextrose in the body. 
hyperglycoplasmia (hi"per-gli-ko-plaz'me-ah). 
The presence of a greater amount than normal of 
sugar in the blood plasma. 
hyperglycorrhachia (hi"per-gli-ko-ra'ke-ah) [Gr. 
virep excessive + yXvKiis sweet + paxes spine]. 
The presence of an excessive amount of sugar in 
the cerebrospinal fluid. 
hyperglycosemia (hi"per-gli-ko-se'me-ah). Hy- 
perglycemia. 
hyperglycosuria (hi"per-gli-ko-su're-ah) [Gr. virep 
excessive + glycosuria]. Extreme glycosuria. 
hyperglykemia (hi"per-gli-ke'me-ah). Hypergly- 
cemia. 
hypergonadism (hi-per-go'nad-izm). Excessive 
ovarian or testicular secretion. 
hyperhedonia (hi"per-he-do'ne-ah) [Gr. virep over 
+ r)8ovrj pleasure]. Morbid increase of the feel- 
ing of pleasure in agreeable acts. 
hyperhedonism (hi-per-he'do-nizm). Hyperhedo- 
nia. 
hyperhemoglobinemia (hi"per-hem-o-glo-bin-e'- 
me-ah). Extreme or excessive hemoglobinemia. 
hyperhepatia (hi-per-he-pat'e-ah) [Gr. virep over 
+ rjirap liver]. Hyperfunction of the liver. 
hyperhidrosis, hyperidrosis (hi"per-hid-ro'sis, 
hi"per-id-ro'sis) [Gr. virep over + i3pa>s sweat]. 
Excessive sweating.* 
hyperhydrochloria (hi"per-hi-dro-klo're-ah). Hy- 
perchlorhydria. 
hyperhydrochloridia (bi"per-hi-dro-klo-rid'e-ah). 
Hyperchlorhydria. 
hyperhypercytosis (hi"per-hi-per-si-to'sis). Hy- 
perleukocytosis in which the neutrophils are rela- 
tively increased. 
hyperhypocytosis (hi"per-hi-po-si-to'sis). Leuko- 
penia in which the proportion of neutrophils is 
abnormally large. 
hyperideal (hi-per-i'de-al). An improved modifica- 
tion of Ehrlich's " 606." See salvarsan. 
hyperimmunization (hi' 'per-im-u-niz-a'shun). 
Introduction of organisms into the body beyond the 
point of establishment of immunity. 
hyperingestion (hi"per-in-jes'tshun). Abnormally 
free ingestion of food or drink. 
hyperinosemia (hi"per-in-o-se'me-ah) [Gr. virep 
over + Is fiber + alpa blood]. An excess of 
fibrin in the blood. 
hyperinosis (hi"per-in-o'sis) [Gr. virep over + is 
fiber]. Same as hyperinosemia. 
hyperinterrenopathy (hi"per-in-ter-re-nop'ath-e) 
[Gr. virep over + interrenal + Gr. iraOos disease]. 
Any disease due to overactivity of the cortex of the 
suprarenal gland. 
hyperinvolution (hi"per-in-vo-lu'shun). Too 
complete involution, as of the womb. 
hyperisotonia (hi"per-i-so-to'ne-ah) [Gr. virep over 
+ laos equal + tovos tone]. Marked equality of 
tone or of tonicity. 
hyperisotonic (hi"per-i-so-ton'ik) [Gr. virep over 
+ laos equal + rbvos tension or tone]. Noting a 
serum containing more salt than is necessary to 
preserve the red corpuscles. 
hyper ker atomy co sis (hi"per-ker"at-o-mi-ko'sis) 
[hyperkeratosis + Gr. piners fungus]. Hyper- 
trophy of a corneous tissue, due to a microphyte. 
hyperkeratosis (hi"per-ker-at-o'sis) [Gr. virep 
over 4- nepas horn]. 1. Hypertrophy of the cor- 
neous layer of the skin, or any disease character- 
ized by it. 2. Hypertrophy of the cornea, h. 
excen'trica. See porokeratosis, h. lacuna'ris, 
a condition in which the tonsillar crypts contain 
hard, firmly attached masses, h. lin'guse, glos- 
sophytia. h. subungualis, hyperkeratosis af- 
fecting the nail-beds. 
hyperkinesia, hyperkinesis (hi"per-kin-e'ze-ah, 
hi"per-kin-e'sis) [Gr. virep over + Kivyais energy]. 
Preternatural or excessive mobility, profes- 
sional h., occupation neurosis. HYPERKORIA 
525 
HYPERPEPSIA 
hyperkoria (hi-per-ko're-ah) [Gr. inrep over + 
Kopos satiety]. An early sense of satiety. 
hyperlactation (hi-per-lak-ta'shun). Excessive 
secretion of milk. 
hyperlethal (hi-per-le'thal). More than enough 
to cause death. 
hyperleukocytosis (hi"per-lu"ko-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
inrep over 4- XevKos white 4* Kinos cell]. Excess in 
the number of leukocytes. 
hyperlipemia (hi-per-li-pe'me-ah) [Gr. inrep over 
+ lipemia]. Excess of fat in the blood. 
hyperlipoidemia (hi-per-li-poi-de'me-ah) [Gr. inrep 
over + lipoidemia]. Excess of lipoids in the blood. 
hyperliposis (hi-per-lip-o'sis) [Gr. virep over 4- 
liposis]. An excess of liposin in the blood-serum. 
hyperlithic (hi"per-lith'ik). Containing an ex- 
cess of lithic acid. 
hyperlithuria (hi"per-lith-u're-ah). Excess of 
lithic (uric) acid in the urine. 
hypermastia (hi-per-mas'te-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
paaros breast], i. The presence of one or more 
supernumerary mammary glands. 2. Hypertrophy 
of the mammary gland. . 
hypermature (hi"per-mat-ur'). Past the stage of 
maturity. 
hypermegasoma (hi"per-meg-ah-so'mah) [Gr. virep 
over 4- peyas great 4- aupa body]. Excessive 
tallness and size. 
hypermesosoma (hi"per-mes-o-so'mah) [Gr. virep 
over 4- peer os middle 4- acbpa body]. A stature 
somewhat exceeding the ordinary. 
hypermetabolism (hi"per-met-ab'o-lizm). Ab- 
normally increased utilization of material by the 
body; increased metabolism. 
hypermetamorphosis (hi"per-met-ah-mor-fo'sis). 
Too rapid drift of thought-activity, leading to 
mental distraction and confusion, and forming a 
chief element in mania. 
hypermetaplasia (hi"per-met-ap-la'se-ah). Ab- 
normally increased metaplasia. 
hypermetria (hi-per-me'tre-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
perpop to measure]. Exaggerated extension of a 
part in a given direction; excessive range of move- 
ment. 
hypermetrope (hi-per-met'rop). A far-sighted 
person. 
hypermetropia (hi"per-me-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. inrep 
over 4- perpop measure 4- eye]. Far-sighted- 
ness; hyperopia. See hyperopia. 
hypermicrosoma (hi"per-mi-kro-so'mah) [Gr. inrep 
over 4- piKpbs small 4- rrwpa. body]. A very 
low stature; marked dwarfishness. 
hypermnesia (hi-perm-ne'ze-ah) [Gr. inrep over 4- 
pp-ijms memory]. Abnormal or extreme retentive- 
ness of memory. 
hypermotility (hi"per-mo-til'it-e). Excessive or 
abnormal motility. 
hypermyotonia (hi"per-mi-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. inrep 
over 4- pits muscle 4" topos tone]. Excess of 
muscular tonicity. 
hypermyotrophy (hi"per-mi-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. virep 
over 4- pvs muscle 4- rpoip-q nourishment]. Ex- 
cessive development of the muscular tissue. 
hypernanosoma (hi"per-na-no-so'mah) [Gr. inrep 
over 4- po.pos dwarf 4- a&pa body]. A very low 
but not absolutely dwarfish stature. 
hypernea (hi-per-ne'ah). Hypernoia. 
hyperneocytosis (hi"per-ne-o-si-to'sis) [Gr. virep 
over 4- peos new 4- kvtos cell]. Hyperleukocytosis 
in which many immature forms of leukocytes are 
present. 
hypernephroid (hi-per-nef'roid). Resembling the 
adrenal body. 
hypernephroma (hi"per-nef-ro'mah) [Gr. inrep 
over 4- peippbs kidney -I- -oipa tumor]. A tumor 
derived from suprarenal tissue, either of the gland 
itself, or misplaced in the kidney or elsewhere. 
hypernitremia, hypernitraemia (hi"per-ni-tre'- 
me-ah) [Gr. inrep over 4- nitrogen 4- Gr. aipa 
blood]. Excessive quantity of nitrogen in the blood. 
hypernoea, hypernoia (hi-per-ne'ah) [Gr. virep 
over + povs mind]. Excessive mental activity. 
hypernomic (hi-per-nom'ik) [Gr. virep above 4- 
popos law]. Above the law; unrestrained, excessive. 
hypernormal (hi-per-nor'mal). In excess of what 
is normal. 
hypernormocytosis (hi-per-nor"mo-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
inrep over + normocytosis}. Excessive increase in 
the proportion of neutrophils in the blood. 
hypernutrition (hi"per-nu-trish'un). Overfeed- 
ing and its ill effects. 
hyperol (hi'per-ol). A solid preparation containing 
34 per cent, of hydrogen dioxid. It is claimed to 
be two molecules of urea with one of hydrogen 
peroxid. 
hyperontomorph (hi-per-on'to-morf) [Gr. virep 
excessive + wp being + popip-q form]. A person 
with a tendency to hyperthyroidism. 
hyperonychia (hi"per-o-nik'e-ah) [Gr. inrep over 
+ bpv% nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails. 
hyperope (hi'per-op). A far-sighted person. 
hyperopia (hi-per-o'pe-ah) [Gr. inrep over 4- imp 
eye]. Far-sightedness; the focusing of parallel 
rays behind the retina, absolute h., that which 
can be partially corrected by accommodation, 
axial h., that which is due to shortness of the 
anteroposterior axis of the eye. curvature 
h., hyperopia due to changes in the curvature 
of the refracting surfaces, facultative h., 
that which can be entirely corrected by the un- 
aided accommodative power of the eye. index 
h., hyperopia caused by deficient refractive power 
in the media of the eye. latent h., that part of 
• the total hyperopia that is constantly concealed 
by accommodative effort, manifest h., that 
which may be corrected by accommodation aided 
by convex lenses, relative h., that in which 
vision is distinct only when excessive convergence 
is made, total h., manifest and latent hyperopia 
combined. 
hyperorchidism (hi-per-or'kid-izm) [Gr. inrep 
over + bpxis testicle]. Abnormal activity of 
the internal secretion of the testicle. 
hyperorexia (hi"per-o-reks'e-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
ope^ appetite]. Abnormal increase in the sensa- 
tion of hunger. See bulimia. 
hyperorthocytosis (hi"per-or-tho-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
virep over + bp6os straight 4- kvtos cell]. Hyper- 
leukocytosis in which the proportion of the various 
forms of leukocytes is normal. 
hyperosmia (hi-per-oz'me-ah) [Gr. inrep over + 
bap-q smell]. Morbid sensitiveness to odors. 
hyperosmotic (hi-per-os-mot'ik). Producing or 
caused by abnormally rapid osmosis. 
hyperosphresia, hyperosphresis (hi"per-os- 
fre'ze-ah, hi"per-os-fre'sis) [Gr. virep over + 
ba-cppr/ais smell]. Same as hyperosmia. 
hyperosteogeny (hi-per-os-te-oj'en-e) [Gr. inrep 
over + bareop bone + yeppap to produce]. Hy- 
pertrophy of bone. 
hyperostosis (hi"per-os-to'sis) [Gr. inrep over + 
baneop bone]. Hypertrophy of bone; exostosis. 
hyperovaria (hi"per-o-va're-ah) [Gr. inrep over 4- 
L. ova'rium ovary]. Sexual precocity in girls from 
excessive ovarian secretion. 
hyperoxemia (hi-per-ok-se'me-ah) [Gr. inrep over 
4- b^vs sharp + alpa blood]. Excessive acidity 
of the blood. 
hyperoxidation (hi"per-ok-sid-a'shun). Excess in 
the amount of oxygen present. 
hyperparasite (hi-per-par'as-it) [Gr. inrep over 4- 
parasite]. A parasite that preys' on a parasite; 
a parasite of a parasite. 
hyperpepsia (hi-per-pep'se-ah) [Gr. virep over + 
irexpcs digestion]. Dyspepsia with excess of-chlor- 
ids in the gastric juice. HYPERPEPSINIA 
526 
HYPERTHYMIA 
hyperpepsinia (hi"per-pep-sin'e-ah). Abnormally 
profuse secretion of pepsin in the stomach. 
hyperperistalsis (hi"per-per-e-stal'sis). Exces- 
sively active peristalsis. 
hyperphalangism (hi"per-fa-lan'jiztn). The ex- 
istence of a supernumerary phalanx on a finger or 
toe. 
hyperphonia (hi-per-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
<povr) voice]. Excessive energetic phonation, as 
seen in stammerers. 
hyperphoria (hi-per-fo're-ah) [Gr. virep over + 
<popos bearing]. The elevation of one visual axis 
above the other. 
hyperphosphine (hi-per-fos'fin). Calcium phos- 
phoglycerite, C3H7CaPO2.2H2O, a tonic and nerve 
stimulant: used in neurasthenia, headache, neur- 
algia, etc. 
hyperphrenia (hi-per-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
<ppi)v mind], i. Great mental excitement. 2. Ex- 
cessive mental activity. 
hyperpiesia (hi-per-pi-e'si-ah). A condition whose 
essential feature and earliest manifestation is hy- 
perpiesis or elevated blood-pressure (Allbutt). 
hyperpiesis (hi"per-pi-e'sis) [Gr. virep over 4- 
irleaes pressure]. Abnormally high pressure, as 
elevated blood-pressure. 
hyperpietic (hi"per-pi-et'ik). Showing abnormally 
high blood-pressure. 
hyperpigmentation (hi"per-pig-men-ta'shun). 
Extremely marked pigmentation. 
hyperpinealism (hi-per-pi'ne-al-izm). Abnormal 
activity of pineal gland. 
hyperpituitarism (hi"per-pit-u'it-ar-izm). A 
condition due to pathologically increased activity 
of the pituitary gland, and marked by gigantism or 
akromegaly. 
hyperplasia (hi-per-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. virep oyer 4- 
TrXdais formation]. The abnormal multiplication 
or increase in number of the tissue elements, 
polar h., excessive development at either ex- 
tremity of the embryo, producing a monster 
with either two heads or three or more limbs. 
hyperplasmia (hi-per-plaz'me-ah) [Gr. virep over 
4- plasma], i. Excess in the proportion of blood- 
plasm to corpuscles. 2. Abnormally large size of 
erythrocytes through the absorption of plasma. 
hyperplastic (hi-per-plas'tik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by hyperplasia. 
hyperpnea, hyperpnoea (hi-perp-ne'ah) [Gr. virep 
over 4- irvor) breath]. Moderate exaggeration of 
the respiratory movements. 
hyperporosis (hi-per-po-ro'sis). Excessive callus 
formation. 
hyperpraxia (hi-per-praks'e-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
irpa&s exercise]. Abnormal or maniacal activity. 
hyperpresbyopia (hi"per-pres-be-o'pe-ah). Hy- 
permetropia. 
hyperprochoresis (hi"per-pro-ko-re'sis) [Gr. virep 
over 4- irpo forward 4- xopeia dance]. Abnormal 
increase of a motor propulsive function; specifically, 
hyperperistalsis. 
hyperproteosis (hi"per-pro-te-o'sis). A condition 
caused by an excess of protein in the diet. 
hyperpselaphesia (hi"perp-sel-af-e'ze-ah) [Gr. 
virep over 4- ^rjXaipriais touch]. Abnormal in- 
crease of tactile sensibility. 
hyperpyremia, hyperpyrsemia (hi"per-pi-re'me- 
ah) [Gr. virep over 4- irvpeta fuel 4" at pa blood]. 
Excess of unoxidized carbonaceous matter in the 
blood. 
hyperpyretic (hi"per-pi-ret'ik). Excessively fever- 
ish. 
hyperpyrexia (hi"per-pi-reks'e-ah) [Gr. virep over 
4- irvpeaaeev to be feverish]. A high degree of 
fever. 
hyperpyrexial (hi"per-pi-rek'se-al). Pertaining to 
hyperpyrexia. 
hyperreflexia (hi-per-re-flex'e-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
r eflex]. Exaggeration of reflexes. 
hyperresonance (hi-per-rez'o-nans). An exag- 
gerated resonance. 
hypersalivation (hi-per-sal-iv-a'shun). The con- 
dition in which saliva is secreted in abnormal 
quantities. 
hypersecretion (hi-per-se-kre'shun). Excessive 
or too copious secretion, gastric h., hyper- 
chlohydria. 
hypersensibility (hi"per-sen-sib-il'it-e). See ana- 
phylaxis. 
hypersensitive (hi-per-sen'sit-iv). Abnormally 
sensitive. 
hypersensitization (hi"per-sen-sit-iz-a'shun). 
The process of rendering or the condition of being 
abnormally sensitive; especially the condition of 
anaphylaxis or increased susceptibility to infection. 
See anaphylaxis. 
hyperskeocytosis (hi-per-ske"o-si-to'sis) [Gr. virep 
over + a Katos left + kvtos cell]. Same as hyper- 
neocytosis. 
hypersomnia (hi-per-som'ne-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
L. som'nus sleep]. Pathologically excessive sleep. 
hypersphyxia (hi-per-sfiks'e-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
a<pv&s pulse]. Increased activity of the circulation 
with heightened blood-pressure. 
hypersplenia, hypersplenism (hi-per-sple'-ne- 
ah, hi-per-sple'nizm). Increased hemolytic spleen 
action. 
hypersthenia (hi-per-sthe'ne-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
adevos strength]. Exalted strength or tonicity. 
hypersthenuria (hi"per-sthen-u're-ah) [Gr. virep 
, over + adevos strength + ovpov urine]. Increased 
urinary secretion marked by elevation of the 
freezing-point of the urine on account of its being 
diluted. 
hypersuprarenalism (hi-per-su-prah-re'nal-izm). 
Overfunction of the suprarenal capsule; hyper- 
adrenalism. 
hypersusceptibility (hi"per-sus-ep-tib-il'it-e). 
A condition of abnormal susceptibility to poisons, 
infective agents, or agents which in the normal in- 
dividual are entirely innocuous, etc. The term is 
sometimes used improperly as synonymous with 
anaphylaxis. 
hypersystole (hi-per-sis'to-le). Abnormal exag- 
geration of the systole. 
hypersystolic (hi"per-sis-tol'ik). Characterized by 
hypersystole; having heart-beats of excessive force. 
hypertarachia (hi"per-tar-ak'e-ah) [Gr. virep over 
+ rapaxy confusion]. Extreme irritability of 
the nervous system. 
hypertension (hi-per-ten'shun) [Gr. virep over 4- 
tension]. Abnormally high tension; especially 
high blood-pressure, essential h., high blood- 
pressure without the presence of any discoverable 
pathologic lesion. 
hypertensive (hi-per-ten'siv). Characterized by 
increased blood-pressure. 
hypertensor (hi-per-ten'sor). Producing increased 
blood-pressure. 
hyperthelia (hi-per-the'le-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
OijXrj nipple]. The presence of supernumerary 
nipples. 
hyperthermal (hi-per-ther'mal). Marked by ab- 
normally high temperature. 
hyperthermalgesia (hi"per-ther-mal-je'ze-ah) [Gr. 
virep over + Oepp-p heat 4- aXypais pain]. Ab- 
normal sensitiveness to heat. 
hyperthermia (hi-per-ther'me-ah) [Gr. virep over 
4- Oeppi) heat]. An abnormally high tempera- 
ture. 
hyperthermin (hi-per-ther'min), A preparation 
similar to ambrine. 
hyperthermo-esthesia (hi-per-ther"mo-es-the'- 
ze-ah). Abnormal sensitiveness to heat. 
hyperthermy (hi-per-ther'me). Hyperthermia. 
hyperthymia (hi-per-thi'me-ah) [Gr. virep excessive 
4- Ovpi) mind]. Excessive emotionalism. HYPERTHYMISM 
527 
HYPNOID 
hyperthymism (hi-per-thi'mizm). Hyperthymiza- 
tion.' 
hyperthymization (hi"per-thi-miz-a'shun) [Gr. 
virep over + thymus]. Excessive activity of the 
thymus gland, producing a form of poisoning. 
hyperthyrea (hi-per-thi're-ah). Hyperthyreosis. 
hyperthyreosis, hyperthyroidation (hi"per- 
thi-re-o'sis, hi"per-thi-roid-a'shun) [Gr. virep over 
4* thyroid], Overactivity of the thyroid gland, as 
in exophthalmic goiter. 
hyperthyroid (hi-per-thi'roid). Marked by, or 
due to, hyperthyroidism. 
hyperthyroidism (hi-per-thi'roi-diem). A condi- 
tion due to excessive functional activity of the 
thyroid gland. 
hyperthyroidosis (hi"per-thi-ro-do'sis). Hyper- 
thyroidism. 
hypertonia (hi-per-to'ne-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
tovos tension]. Excessive tone, tension, or ac- 
tivity. h. polycythae'mica, polycythemia with 
increased blood-pressure. 
hypertonic (hi-per-ton'ik). Showing abnormally 
great tension. 
hypertonicity (hi"per-to-nis'it-e). Hypertonia, 
hypertonus (hi-per-to'nus). Hypertonia. 
hypertoxic (hi-per-tok'sik). Excessively toxic. 
hypertoxicity (hi-per-tok-sis'it-e). The condition 
of being hypertoxic. 
hypertrichiasis, hypertrichosis (hi"per-trik-i'- 
as-is, hi"per-trik-o'sis) [Gr. virep over 4- 9plf 
hair]. An abnormal growth of hair; excessive 
hairiness, h. partia'lis, the occurrence of hair 
in patches where it does not normally grow. h. 
universa'lis, the presence of hair over all the 
body and limbs. 
hypertrichophobia (hi"per-tri-ko-fo'be-ah). 
Worry over hypertrichiasis. 
hypertrophia (hi-per-tro'fe-ah). Hypertrophy. 
hypertrophic (hi-per-trof'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by hypertrophy. 
hypertrophy (hi-pePtrof-e) [Gr. virep over 4- rpoipr] 
nutrition]. The morbid enlargement or over- 
growth of an organ or part (Leopoldt). adaptive 
h., increased thickness of the walls of a hollow organ 
when the outflow is obstructed, compensatory 
h., that which results from increased functional 
activity due to some physical defect, comple- 
mentary h., increase in size of the remaining 
part of an organ to take the place caused by 
loss of some portion of the organ. concen- 
tric h., increased thickness of the walls of an 
organ, with no enlargement and with diminished 
capacity, eccentric h., hypertrophy of a hol- 
low organ, with dilatation of its cavity, false h., 
increase in only one constituent element, more 
commonly the stroma, functional h., hyper- 
trophy of an organ or part caused by its increased 
activity. Marie's h., enlargement of the soft 
parts of the joints resulting from periostitis, 
numeric h., that which is due to an increased 
number of structural elements, physiologic 
h., hypertrophy not due to an increase in the 
number of structural elements, pseudomuscu- 
lar h., pseudohypertrophic paralysis, quanti- 
tative h., hyperplasia, simple h., that which 
is due to a simple increase of the number of struc- 
tural elements, simulated h., increase in the 
size of a part (as the teeth), due to absence of the 
normal attrition, true h., that which is due to 
an increase of all the component elements, vi- 
carious h., hypertrophy of an organ in conse- 
quence of the failure of action of another organ of 
allied function. 
hypertropia (hi-per-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. virep over 4- 
rpeireiv to turn]. Elevation of one of the visual 
axes. 
hyperuresis (hi-per-u-re'sis). Polyuria. 
hyperuricemia (hi"per-u-ris-e'me-ah). Excess of 
uric acid in the blood. 
hypervaccination (hi-per-vak-sin-a'shun). A 
second inoculation of an immunized animal with 
enough antitoxin to enable it to afford a serum 
protective to other animals. 
hypervascular (hi-per-vas'ku-lar). Extremely 
vascular. 
hypervenosity (hi-per-ve-nos'it-e). Excessive 
development of the venous system. 
hyperviscosity (hi"per-vis-kos'it-e). Excessive 
viscosity. 
hypesthesia, hypsesthesia (hi-pes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
viro under 4- aiffOyais sensation]. Impairment or 
lessening of tactile sensibility. 
hypha (hi'fah), pl. hy'pha [LJ. One of the fila- 
ments composing the mycelium of a fungus. 
hyphedonia (hip-he-do'ne-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
ijSorij pleasure]. Morbid diminution of the feel- 
ing of pleasure in acts that normally give plea- 
sure. 
hyphemia (hi-fe'me-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- aqua 
blood], i. Oligemia or deficiency of blood. 2. 
Hemorrhage within the eye. 
hyphidrosis (hif-id-ro'sis) [Gr. inro under 4- 13 pus 
sweat]. Too scanty perspiration. 
hyphogenic, hyphogenous (hi-fo-jen'ik, hi-foj'- 
en-us). Produced by hyphomycetes. 
Hyphomycetes (hi"fo-mi-se'tez), pl. [Gr. web 
+ pdieqs fungus], A group of fungi not otherwise 
classified, because their life history is not well 
known and hence called fungi imperfecti. 
hyphomycetic (hi"fo-mi-set'ik). Due to the pres- 
ence of mold-fungi. 
hyphomycosis (hi-fo-mi-ko'sis). Infection with 
lymphomycetes. h. des'truens equi. See 
leeches. 
hypinosis (hip-in-o'sis) [Gr. viro under + Ivos, is 
fiber]. A scantiness of the fibrin elements of the 
blood; decreased coagulability of the blood. 
hypinotic (hip-in-ot'ik). Pertaining to, or char- 
acterized by, hypinosis. 
hypisotonic (hip-i-so-ton'ik). Less than isotonic. 
hypnacetin (hip-nas'et-in). A phenol and aceto- 
phenone derivative, CH2CO-NH-C5H4-OCH2CO- 
C6H5, in transparent crystals: hypnotic and anti- 
septic. Dose, 3-4 gr. (0.2-0.25 gm.). 
hypnagogic state (hip-nag-oj'ik). See under 
slate. 
hypnagogue (hip'nag-og) [Gr. virvos sleep + ayu- 
ybs leading]. Hypnotic. 
hypnal (hip'nal) [Gr. virvos sleep]. Monochloral 
hydrate antipyrin, CnHi2N2O.CCls.CH.(OH)2, a 
colorless, crystalline preparation of antipyrin and 
chloral hydrate, soluble in 15 parts of water: used 
as a hypnotic and analgesic. Dose, 15-30 gr. 
(1-2 gm.). 
hypnalgia (hip-nal'je-ah) [Gr. virvos sleep + a\yos 
pain]. Pain that recurs during sleep. 
hypnapagogic (hip"nap-ag-oj'ik) [Gr. virvos sleep 
+ airo away 4- ayuybs leading]. Preventing 
sleep. 
hypnesthesia (hip-nes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. virvos 
sleep + aiaftijais sensation]. Sleepiness. 
hypnic (hip'nik) [Gr. vitvikos]. Inducing or per- 
taining to sleep. 
hypno-acetin (hip"no-as'et-in). A proprietary 
hypnotic, acetophenonacetylamidophenolester, Ce- 
H4(O.CH2.CO.C6H5)(NH.CO.CH3). Dose, 2-4 gr. 
(0.13-0.25 gm.). 
hypnocyst (hip'no-sist) [Gr. virvos sleep 4- kvittis 
cyst]. A quiescent cyst. 
hypnogenic, hypnogenetic, hypnogenous 
(hip-no-jen'ik, hip"no-jen-et'ik, hip-noj'en-us) [Gr. 
virvos sleep 4- yevvav to produce]. Including 
sleep or hypnotism. 
hypnoid, hypnoidal (hip'noid, hip-noi'dal). Re- 
sembling hypnosis or the hypnotic state. HYPNOI DIZATION 
528 
HYPOCHONDRIASIS 
hypnoidization (hip"noi-diz-a'shun). The produc- 
tion of light hypnosis or the hypnoid state. 
See under state. 
hypnolepsy (hip'no-lep-se) [Gr. virvos sleep + 
Xfppis seizure]. Abnormal sleepiness. 
hypnology (hip-nol'o-je) [Gr. virvos sleep + Xoyos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
sleep and hypnotism. 
hypnonarcosis (hip"no-nar-ko'sis). Light hyp- 
nosis combined with narcosis. 
hypnone (hip'non) [Gr. virvos sleep]. See aceto- 
phenone. 
hypnopompic (hip-no-pom'pik) [Gr. virvos sleep + 
iropiri) procession]. Persisting after sleep; ap- 
plied to visions or dreams that persist prior to 
complete awakening. 
hypnopyrin (hip-no-pi'rin). A crystalline com- 
pound, soluble in water, being a chlorin deriva- 
tive of quinin. It is hypnotic, analgesic, and 
antipyretic, and is used in rheumatism and various 
forms of neuralgia. Dose, 4 gr. (0.26 gm.). 
hypnosia (hip-no'ze-ah) [Gr. virvos sleep]. Un- 
conquerable drowsiness. 
hypnosis (hip-no'sis) [Gr. virvos sleep]. 1. Ab- 
normal sleep; hypnotism. 2. The approach or 
production of sleep. 
hypnosophy (hip-nos'o-fe) [Gr. virvos sleep + 
aotpla wisdom]. The study of sleep and its 
phenomena. 
hypno tai (hip'no-tal). See diethyloxyacetyl-urea. 
hypnotherapy (hip-no-ther'ap-e) [Gr. virvos sleep 
+ Oepaireia treatment]. Treatment of disease by 
hypnotism. 
hypnotic (hip-not'ik) [Gr. vttvutikos]. i. Induc- 
ing sleep. 2. Pertaining to or of the nature of 
hypnotism. 3. A drug that induces sleep. The 
true hypnotics produce normal sleep, and include 
chloral, chloralamid, sulphonal, hypnal, hyp- 
none, paraldehyd, somnal, acetanilid, ural, ure- 
than. Hypnotics include also chloroform, opium, 
ether, and other drugs that have an anodyne 
effect, indirect h's, agents that induce sleep 
by curing conditions that interfere with it, as 
iron in anemia, digitalis in vascular relaxation, 
etc. 
hypnotism (hip'no-tizm) [Gr. virvos sleep], A 
condition of artificially induced sleep or of a 
trance resembling sleep. It is induced by having 
the patient gaze steadily at a bright spot, with 
relaxation of will power, and by making passes 
before the eyes. It has been used to produce 
anesthesia and to influence the patient by means 
of suggestion while in the hypnotic state. 
hypnotist (hip'no-tist). One who performs hyp- 
notism. 
hypnotization (hip"no-tiz-a'shun). The induc- 
tion of hypnotism. 
hypnotize (hip'no-tiz). To put into a state of 
hypnotism. 
hypnotoxin (hip-no-tok 'sin). A toxin which is 
supposed to accumulate during the waking hours, 
until finally it is sufficient to inhibit the activity 
of the cortical cells and thus induce sleep. 
hypo (hi'po). 1. A popular designation of hypo- 
chondriasis. 2. A contraction for sodium hy- 
posulphite, used as a photographic fixing agent. 
hypo- [Gr. viro under]. A prefix denoting a lack 
or deficiency; also a position under or beneath. 
In chemistry, it denotes that the principal element 
in the compound is combined in its lowest state of 
valence. 
hypo-acidity (hi"po-as-id'it-e). Deficiency of acid; 
lack of normal acidity. 
hypo-activity (hi"po-ak-tiv'it-e) Diminished ac- 
tivity. 
hypo-adenia (hi"po-ad-e'ne-ah) [Gr. viro under + 
a8i)v gland]. Defective glandular activity. 
hypo-adrenalemia (hi"po-ad-re-nal-e'me-ah). The 
presence of an abnormally small amount of adrenal 
secretion in the blood. 
hypo-adrenalism (hi"po-ad-re'nal-izm). Hypo- 
adrenia. 
hypo-adrenia (hi"po-ad-re'ne-ah). Deficiency of 
adrenal activity. 
hypo-alimentation (hi"po-al-im-en-ta'shun). In- 
sufficient nourishment. 
hypo-alkaline (hi-po-al'kal-in). Less alkaline 
than normal. 
hypo-alkalinity (hi"po-al-kal-in'it-e). The state 
of being less alkaline than normal. 
hypo-alonemia (hi"po-al-o-ne'me-ah) [Gr. viro 
under + aXs salt + alpa blood]. A deficiency 
of salts in the blood. 
hypo-amino-acidemia (hi"po-am"in-o-as-id-e'- 
me-ah). The presence of less than the normal 
amount of amino-acids in the blood. 
hypo-azoturia (hi"po-a-zo-tu're-ah) [Gr. viro 
under + L. azo'turn nitrogen + Gr. ovpov urine]. 
Diminished excretion of nitrogenous material in 
the urine. 
hypobaropathy (hi-po-bar-op'ath-e) [Gr. viro 
under + piapos pressure + irados disease]. The 
disturbances experienced in high altitudes; avia- 
tor's disease, mountain sickness. 
hypoblast (hi'po-blast) [Gr. viro under + 0Xaar6s 
germ]. The innermost of the layers of the blas- 
toderm, or primitive embryo; the endoderm. 
From it are developed the epithelium of the ali- 
mentary canal and of the organs connected with 
it and that of the air-passages. 
hypoblastic (hi-po-blas'tik). Pertaining to the 
hypoblast. 
Hypobos'ca ru'fipes. A fly of South Africa whose 
bite transmits the Trypanosoma theileri. 
hypobromite (hi-po-bro'mit). Any salt of hypo- 
bromous acid. 
hypobulia (hi-po-bu'le-ah) [Gr. viro under + /BovXr] 
will]. Abnormal feebleness of the will. 
hypocapnia (hi-po-kap'ne-ah) [Gr. viro under + 
Kairvos smoke]. Deficiency of carbon dioxid in 
the blood. 
hypocelom, hypocoelom (hi-po-se'lom) [Gr. viro 
under + KoiXupa hollow]. The ventral portion 
of the coelom of any embryonic cranial animal. 
hypocenesthesia (hi"po-sen-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. viro 
over + cenesthesia]. Lack of the normal sense of 
well-being, such as is seen in hypochondria. 
hypochlorhydria (hi"po-klor-hid're-ah) [Gr. 
viro under + xXwpos green + Wwp water]. Too 
small a proportion of hydrochloric acid in the 
gastric juice. 
hypochlorite (hi-po-klo'rit) [Gr. viro under 4- 
xXojpos green]. Any salt of hypochlorous acid. 
hypochlorization (hi"po-klo-riz-a'shun). Reduc- 
tion of the amount of salt, sodium chlorid, in the 
diet. 
hypochloruria (hi"po-klo-ru're-ah) [Gr. v-n-6 under 
+ chlorid + Gr. ovpov urine]. Deficiency of chlo- 
rids in the urine. 
hypocholesteremia (hi"po-ko-les-ter-e'me-ah). 
Decrease of cholesterin in the blood. 
hypochondria (hi-po-kon'dre-ah). i. Plural of 
hypochondrium. 2. Same as hypochondriasis. 
hypochondriac (hi-po-kon'dre-ak) [Gr. viro under 
+ xorSpos cartilage]. 1. Pertaining to the hypo- 
chondrium or to hypochondriasis. 2. A person 
affected with hypochondriasis. 
hypochondriacal (hi-po-kon-dri'ak-al). Affected 
with hypochondriasis. 
hypochondriasis (hi"po-kon-dri'as-is) [so called 
because the hypochondrium, and especially the 
spleen, was supposed to be the seat of this dis- 
order], Morbid anxiety about the health, often 
associated with a simulated disease and more or 
less pronounced melancholia. HYPOCHONDRIUM 
529 
HYPOHYLOMA 
hypochondrium (hi-po-kon'dre-um), pl. hypo- 
chon'dria [Gr. viro under + xbvbpos cartilage]. 
The upper lateral region of the abdomen next 
below the lowest rib. 
hypochordal (hi-po-kor'dal). Situated on the ven- 
tral side of the spinal cord. 
hypochromatic (hi"po-kro-mat'ik). Containing 
an abnormally small number of chromosomes. 
hypochromatism (hi-po-kro'mat-izm) [Gr. vtto 
under 4- chromatin]. Deficiency of the chromatin 
in a cell-nucleus. 
hypochromatosis (hi"po-kro-mat-o'sis). The 
gradual fading and disappearance of the nucleus 
(the chromatin) of a cell. Called also nuclear 
solution. 
hypochromemia (hi"po-kro-me'me-ah) [Gr. viro 
under + xP&ua color + atpa blood]. A condition 
in which the blood has an abnormally low color- 
index. 
hypochromia (hi-po-kro'me-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
XP&pa color]. Deficiency of pigmentation or of 
coloring. 
hypochrosis (hi-po-kro'sis) [Gr. viro under 4- 
XP&ats coloring]. Anemia in which there is an 
abnormally small amount of hemoglobin in the 
blood. 
hypochylia (hi-po-ki'le-ah) [Gr. viro under + xvXos 
chyle]. Deficiency of chyle or of digestive fer- 
ments. 
hypocinesia (hi"po-sin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. viro under + 
Klryats movement]. Decreased power of move- 
ment. 
hypocistis (hi-po-sis'tis). The juice and extract of 
various species of Cytinus, as of C. hypocis'tis of 
southern Europe: astringent. 
hypocondylar (hi-po-kon'dil-ar). Below a condyle, 
hypocone (hi'po-kon) [Gr. viro under + kwos cone]. 
The distolingual cusp of an upper molar tooth. 
hypoconid (hi-po-ko'nid). The distobuccal cusp 
of a lower molar tooth. 
hypoconule (hi-po-kon'ul). The distal, or fifth, 
cusp of an upper molar tooth. 
hypoconulid (hi-po-kon'u-lid). The distal, or 
fifth cusp, of a lower molar tooth. 
hypocrinism (hi-po-kri'nism) [Gr. virb under + 
Kplvecv to secrete]. A bodily state due to deficient 
secretion of any endocrine gland. 
hypocystotomy (hi"po-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. viro 
under + cystotomy]. The surgical opening of 
the bladder through the perineum. 
hypocytosis (hi"po-si-to'sis) [Gr. viro under 4- 
kvtos cell]. Defect or scantiness of corpuscles in 
the blood. 
hypoderm (hi'po-derm) [Gr. viro under 4* Seppa 
skin], i. The subcutaneous tissues. 2. A hy- 
podermic injection. 
Hypoderma (hi-po-der'mah). A genus of dip- 
terous insects of the family Estridae. H. bo'vis, 
H. linea'ris, the bot- or heel-flies or ox-warble 
flies, whose larvae infest the skin of cattle. 
hypodermatoclysis (hi"po-der-mat-ok'lis-is). Hy- 
podermoclysis. 
hypodermatomy (hi"po-der-mat'o-me) [Gr. viro 
under 4- Seppa skin 4- repvetv to cut]. Subcu- 
taneous incision. 
hypodermic, hypodermatic (hi-po-der'mik, hi"- 
po-der-mat'ik) [Gr. viro under + Seppa skin]. 
Applied or administered beneath the skin. 
hypodermoclysis (hi"po-der-mok'lis-is) [Gr. viro 
under 4- Seppa skin 4- KXbats injection]. The 
introduction, into the subcutaneous tissues, of 
fluids, especially physiologic salt solution, in large 
quantity. 
hypodynamia (hi"po-di-nam'e-ah). Diminished 
power, h. cor'dis, diminished cardiac power. 
hypodynamic (hi-po-di-nam'ik) [Gr. viro under 4- 
Svvapts power]. Of diminished power. 
hypoema (hi-po-e'mah) [Gr. vtto over 4- ai^a 
blood]. Hyphemia. 
hypo-endocrinism (hi"po-en-dok'rin-izm) [Gr. 
vtto under 4" evSov within 4- Kplveiv to secrete]. 
Abnormally decreased activity of the organs of 
internal secretion. 
hypo-endocrisia (hi"po-en-do-kris'e-ah). Hypo- 
endocrinism. 
hypo-eosinophilia (hi"po-e-o-sin-o-fil'e-ah). De- 
crease in the eosinophil leukocytes of the blood. 
hypo-epinephry (hi"po-ep-e-nef're) [Gr. vtto under 
+ eiri upon + ve<pp6s kidney]. Inadequacy of 
the adrenal secretion. 
hypo-equilibrium (hi"po-e-kwil-ib're-um). Un- 
usual freedom from tendency to vertigo. 
hypo-esophoria (hi"po-es-o-fo're-ah). Hypopho- 
ria combined with esophoria; a downward and 
inward strabismus. 
hypo-exophoria (hi"po-eks-o-fo're-ah). Hypopho- 
ria combined with exophoria; a downward and 
outward strabismus. 
hypofunction (hi-po-funk'shun). Diminished 
function. 
hypogastric (hi-po-gas'trik) [L. hypogas'tricus]. 
Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium. 
hypogastrium (hi-po-gas'tre-um) [Gr. into under 
+ yaarr/p stomach]. The lower median anterior 
region of the abdomen. 
hypogenesis (hi-po-jen'es-is) [Gr. viro under + 
yer eats production]. Defective growth or de- 
velopment. polar h., defective development 
at either extremity of the embryo, resulting in some 
monstrosity. 
hypogenetic (hi"po-jen-et'ik). Showing defective 
development. 
hypogenitalism (hi-po-jen'it-al-izm). A eunuch- 
oid condition due to defect of the internal secretion 
of the testicle or ovary. 
hypogeusia (hi-po-gu'ze-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
7 evais taste]. Impairment of the sense of taste. 
hypogigantosoma (hi"po-ji-gan-to-so'mah) [Gr. 
viro under + yly as giant + acopa body]. Great 
height and size, not amounting to true gigantism. 
hypoglobulia (hi"po-glo-bu'le-ah) [hypo- + glob- 
ule]. Deficiency in the number of blood-cor- 
puscles. 
hypoglossal (hi-po-glos'al) [Gr. viro under + 
yX&aaa tongue]. Situated under the tongue. See 
also nerves, table of. 
hypoglottis (hi-po-glot'is) [Gr. viro under 4- 
yX&aaa tongue], i. The under side or part of the 
tongue. 2. See ranula. 
hypoglycemia (hi-po-gli-se'me-ah) [Gr. viro under 
+ yXvKvs sweet + at pa blood], A deficiency of 
sugar in the blood. 
hypoglycogenolysis (hi-po-gli"ko-jen-ol'is-is). 
Defective glycogenolysis. 
hypognathous (hi-pog'na-thus) [Gr. viro under + 
yvados jaw], i. Having a protruding lower jaw. 
2. Of the nature of a hypognathus. 
hypognathus (hi-pog'na-thus) [Gr. viro under -f- 
yvados jaw], A monster-fetus with the head on the 
lower jaw. 
hypogonadism (hi-po-go'nad-izm). Decreased 
secretion of gonads, as at the time of the meno- 
pause or as a result of castration. 
hypohemia (hi-po-he'me-ah) [Gr. viro under + 
atpa blood]. Anemia. 
hypohepatia (hi"po-hep-at'e-ah) [Gr. viro under + 
rjirap liver]. Deficient functioning of the liver. 
hypohidrosis (hi"po-hid-ro'sis) [Gr. viro under + 
tSpioats sweating]. Too scanty perspiration. 
hypohydrochloria (hi"po-hi-dro-klo're-ah). Hy- 
pochlorhydria. 
hypohyloma (hi"po-hi-lo'mah). A tumor due to 
hyperplasia of hylic tissues. HYPOHYPNOTIC 
530 
HYPOPHYSIS 
hypohypnotic (hi"po-hip-not'ik). Marked by light 
sleep or hypnosis. 
hypohypophysism (hi"po-hi-pof'is-izm). Same as 
hypopituitarism. 
hypo-idrosis (hi"po-id-ro'sis). Hypohidrosis. 
hypo-inosemia (hi"po-in-o-se'me-ah) [Gr. viro 
under + is, Ivos fiber + aipa blood]. Decreased 
coagulability of the blood. 
hypo-isotonic (hi"po-i-so-ton'ik). Less than iso- 
tonic; said of a solution having a lesser osmotic 
power than another. 
hypokinesia (hi"po-kin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
Klwqats motion]. Defective motor response to a 
stimulus. 
hypokinetic (hi"po-kin-et'ik). Characterized by 
decreased functional activity. 
hypokolasia (hi"po-ko-la'ze-ah) [Gr. virb under 
KoXaais hindrance]. Functional weakness of the 
inhibiting mechanism. 
hypolepidoma (hi"po-lep-id-o'mah) [Gr. inrb 
under + XeirLs scale 4- -copa tumor], A tumor 
formed by hyperplasia of a hypoblastic tissue. 
hypoleukemia, hypoleuksemia (hi"po-lu-ke'- 
me-ah). Same as hypoleukocytosis. 
hypoleukocytosis (hi"po-lu"ko-si-to'sis). Defi- 
ciency of leukocytes in the blood. 
hypoleukomatosis (hi"po-lu-ko-mat-o'sis). Hy- 
palbuminosis. 
hypoliposis (hi-po-lip-o'sis). Deficiency of fat in 
the blood-serum or tissues. 
hypolymphemia (hi"po-lim-fe'me-ah) [Gr. viro 
under 4- lymph + aipa blood]. Abnormal defi- 
ciency in the proportion of lymphocytes in the blood. 
hypomania (hi-po-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
pavia madness]. Mania of a moderate type. 
hypomastia, hypomazia (hi-po-mas'te-ah, hi-po- 
ma'ze-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- paaros, pa^os breast]. 
Abnormal smallness of the mammary glands. 
hypomedication (hi"po-med-ik-a'shun). Hypo- 
dermic medication. 
hypomegasoma (hi"po-meg-as-o'mah) [Gr. inrb 
under + ptyas great + aGipa body]. Tallness; 
tall stature. 
hypomelancholia (hi"po-mel-an-ko'le-ah) [Gr. 
inrb under 4- peXayxoXia melancholia]. Melan- 
cholia with but slight mental disorder. 
hypomere (hi'po-mer). The part of the mesoderm 
which develops into the walls of the pleuroperitoneal 
cavity. 
hypomesosoma (hi"po-mes-o-so'mah) [Gr. inro 
under 4- pea os middle 4- aupa body]. A stature 
somewhat below the medium. 
hypometabolism (hi"po-met-ab'o-lizm) [Gr. inrb 
under 4- metabolism]. Abnormally decreased util- 
ization of any substance by the body in metabolism. 
hypometria (hi-po-me'tre-ah) [Gr. inro under 4- 
perpeiv to measure]. Diminished range of move- 
ment; a condition in which the movement falls 
short of reaching the intended point. 
hypomicron (hi-po-mi'kron). See submicron. 
hypomicrosoma (hi"po-mi-kro-so'mah) [Gr. inro 
under 4- piKpbs small 4- o&pa. body]. The very 
lowest normal stature. 
hypomnesis (hi-pom-ne'sis) [Gr. inro under 4* 
pwqvis memory]. Defective memory. 
hypomotility (hi"po-mo-til'it-e). Deficient power 
of movement in any part. 
hypomyotonia (hi"po-mi-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. inrb 
under 4- pvs muscle 4* tovos tone]. Deficient 
muscular tonicity. 
hypomyxia (hi-po-miks'e-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- pb^a 
mucus]. Decreased secretion of mucus. 
hyponanosoma (hi"po-na-no-so'mah) [Gr. inrb 
under 4- ^aras dwarf 4- a&pa body]. The extreme 
of dwarfishness, or nanism. 
hyponeocytosis (hi"po-ne"o-si-to'sis) [Gr. virb 
under 4- veos new 4- kvtos cell]. Leukopenia with 
immature forms of leukocytes present in the blood. 
hyponomoderma (hi"po-nom-o-der'mah). See 
creeping eruption, under eruption. 
hyponychial (hi-po-nik'e-al). Beneath a nail. 
hyponychium (hi-po-nik'e-um) [Gr. inro under + 
owl; nail]. The epidermic layer upon which the 
body of the nail rests. 
hyponychon (hi-pon'ik-on) [Gr. utto under 4- 
bvv^ nail]. Ecchymosis beneath the nail. 
hypo-orthocytosis (hi"po-or"tho-si-to'sis) [Gr. 
inro under 4- opOos regular 4* kvtos cell]. Leuko- 
penia in which the relative proportion of the vari- 
ous forms of leukocytes is maintained. 
hypo-ovaria (hi"po-o-va're-ah). Defective endo- 
crine action of the ovaries. 
hypopancreatism (hi-po-pan'kre-at-izm). Dimin- 
ished pancreatic activity. 
hypoparathyreosis (hi"po-par-ah-thi-re-o'sis). 
The condition produced by defective action of the 
parathyroids or by the removal of those bodies. 
hypoparathyroidism (hi"po-par-ah-thi'roi-dizm). 
Insufficiency of the parathyroid glands. 
hypopepsia (hi-po-pep'se-ah) [Gr. uro under 4- 
irepts digestion]. Impairment of digestion, due 
to deficient secretion of the gastric ferments. 
hypopepsinia (hi-po-pep-sin'e-ah). Deficiency in 
the pepsin secretion of the stomach. 
hypophalangism (hi"po-fal-an'jizm). Deficiency 
in the number of phalanges of a finger or toe. 
hypopharyngoscope (hi-po-far-in'go-skop). An 
instrument for inspecting the lower part of the 
pharynx. 
hypopharyngoscopy (hi"po-far-in-gos'ko-pe). 
Examination of the lower part of the pharynx. 
hypopharynx (hi-po-far'inks). The lower or lar- 
yngeal part of the pharynx. 
hypophonia (hi-po-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. virb under + 
<piowq voice]. Defective speech from incoordina- 
tion of the muscles of vocalization. 
hypophoria (hi-po-fo're-ah) [Gr. inro under 4- <pbpos 
bearing]. The condition in which the visual axis 
of one eye falls below that of the other. 
hypophosphite (hi-po-fos'fit). Any salt of hypo- 
phosphorous acid. See under calcium. 
hypophosphites, syrup of (hi-po-fos'fits) [L. syr- 
up'us hypophosphi'turn] A syrup of the hypo- 
phosphites of calcium, potassium, and sodium: 
useful in phthisis, scrofula, and rickets. Dose, 
1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
hypophrenia (hi-po-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. inro below + 
<pprtv mind]. Feeble-mindedness. 
hypophrenic (hi-po-fren'ik) [Gr. inro under + 
(pp-qv diaphragm], 1. Below the diaphragm. 2. 
Feeble-minded. 
hypophrenosis (hi"po-fren-o'sis). Southard's 
term for feeble-mindedness, including idiocy, imbe- 
cility, enormity, and subnormality. 
hypophyseal, hypophysial (hi-po-fiz'e-al). Per- 
taining to a hypophysis, especially the pituitary 
body. 
hypophysectomize (hi-pof-iz-ek'to-miz). To re- 
move the hypophysis. 
hypophysectomy (hi-pof-is-ek'to-me) [hypophy- 
sis + Gr. eKTopq excision]. Surgical removal of 
the hypophysis or pituitary body. 
hypophyseoprivic, hypophyseoprivous (hi-po- 
fiz"e-o-priv'ik, -op'riv-us). Due to deficiency of the 
internal secretion of the pituitary body; dys- 
pituitarism. 
hypophysin (hi-pof'is-in). A phosphorous body 
secreted by the posterior lobe of the hypophysis 
and having the power of increasing the action of 
the heart. Hypophysin from the hypophysis of 
the ox is used as a therapeutic agent in acromegalia. 
hypophysis (hi-pof'is-is) [Gr. inro under 4- <pbeiv to 
grow]. Any process or outgrowth, especially the HYPOPHYSOPRIVIC 
531 
HYPOTHYROIDATION 
pituitary body [BN A]. See pituitary body, under 
body. h. cer'ebri, the pituitary body (Soem- 
mering). pharyngeal h., a mass in the pharyn- 
geal wall having a structure similar to that of the 
pituitary body. h. sic'ca, the U. S. Pharma- 
copoeia name for a powder prepared from the pos- 
terior lobe of the pituitary body of cattle. 
hypophysoprivic, hypophysoprivous (hi-pof- 
iz-o-pri'vik, -op'riv-us). See hypophypeoprivic. 
hypopiesis (hi-po-pi'es-is) [Gr. viro under 4- 
irleais pressure]. Abnormally low arterial press- 
ure. 
hypopinealism (hi-po-pi'ne-al-izm). Defective 
secretory action on the part of the pineal body. 
hypopituitarism (hi"po-pi-tu'it-ar-izm). A con- 
dition due to pathologically diminished activity 
of the pituitary body, and marked by excessive 
deposit of fat and the persistence or acquirement 
of adolescent characteristics. 
hypoplasia (hi-po-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
irXacrts formation]. Defective or incomplete 
formation. 
hypoplastic (hi-po-plas'tik). Marked by hypo- 
plasia. 
hypoplasty, hypoplasy (hi'po-plas-te, hi-pop'- 
las-e). Same as hypoplasia. 
hypoporosis (hi"po-po-ro'sis) [Gr. biro under 4- 
■trwpos callus]. Deficient formation of callus. 
hypopraxia (hi-po-praks'e-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
irpa^is action]. Deficient activity. 
hypopselaphesia (hi"pop-sel-af-e'ze-ah) [Gr. viro 
under 4- touch]. Diminution or dul- 
ness of the tactile sense. 
hypoptyalism (hi-pop-ti'al-izm) [Gr. viro under 4- 
TrrvaXov spittle]. Decreased secretion of saliva. 
hypopus (hi-po'pus). A stage in the development 
of the grain mites (Tyroglyphidae) between the 
first and the second nymph stages. 
hypopyon (hi-po'pe-on) [Gr. viro under 4- irbov 
pus]. An accumulation of pus in the anterior 
chamber of the eye. 
hypopyon-kerato-iritis (hi-po"pe-on-ker"at-o-i- 
ri'tis). Same as hypopyon keratitis. See under 
keratitis. 
hypoquinidol (hi-po-kwin'id-ol). A proprietary 
preparation of hypophosphites and quinin. 
hyporeflexia (hi-po-re-flek'se-ah). Weakening of 
the reflexes. 
hyposa?ca (hi-po-sar'kah) [Gr. biro under 4- aap^ 
flesh]. Anasarca. 
hyposcheotomy (hi-pos-ke-ot'o-me) [Gr. biro under 
4- bcrxcov scrotum 4- Topi) cut]. Puncture of a 
hydrocele at the lower portion of the tunica vagi- 
nalis. 
hyposcleral (hi-po-skle'ral). Under the sclerotic 
coat of the eye. 
hyposecretion (hi"po-se-kre'shun). Diminished 
secretion. 
hyposiagonarthritis (hi"po-si-ag-on-ar-thri'tis). 
Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint. 
hyposialadenitis (hi"po-si-al-ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. biro 
under 4- ataXov saliva 4- b-byv gland]. Inflamma- 
tion of the submaxillary salivary gland. 
hyposkeocytosis (hi"po-ske"o-si-to'sis) [Gr. biro 
under 4- aKacos left 4- kvtos cell]. Same as hypo- 
neocytosis. 
hyposmia (hi-poz'me-ah) [Gr. biro under 4- bapb 
smell]. Impairment or defect of the sense of smell. 
hypospadia, hypospadias (hi-po-spa'de-ah, hi- 
po-spa'de-as) [Gr. biro under 4- an-av to draw]. 
The congenital opening of the urethra on the 
under side of the penis; also an opening of the 
urethra into the vagina. 
hypospadiac (hi-po-spa'de-ak). A person affected 
with hypospadia. 
hyposphresia (hi-pos-fre'ze-ah) [Gr. viro under 4- 
ba<frr)ai.s smell]. Hyposmia. 
hyposphyxia (hi-po-sfiks'e-ah) [Gr. biro under 4- 
pulse]. A depressed state of the circulation 
with lowered blood-pressure. 
hypostasis (hi-pos'tas-is) [Gr. viro under + araair 
halt], i. A deposit or sediment. 2. The forma- 
tion of a deposit; especially a settling of the blood 
due to a feeble blood-current. 
hypostatic (hi-po-stat'ik). Pertaining to, caused 
by, or associated with, hypostasis. 
hyposteatolysis (hi-po-ste-at-ol'is-is). Excessive 
emulsification of fats during digestion. 
hyposthenia (hi-pos-the'ne-ah) [Gr. utto under 4- 
crOevos strength]. An enfeebled state; weakness. 
hypostheniant, hyposthenic (hi-po-sthe'ne- 
ant, hi-po-sthen'ik). Reducing the strength; de- 
bilitant. 
hyposthenuria (hi"pos-the-nu're-ah) [hyposthenia. 
+ Gr. ovpov urine]. The secretion of urine of an 
abnormally low specific gravity; diminution of the 
concentration of the urine, tubular h., that due 
to injury of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules, 
vascular h., that due to oversensitiveness of the 
renal blood-vessels. 
hypostypsis (hi-po-stip'sis) [Gr. uiroaru^fs]. Mod- 
erate astringency. 
hyposulphite (hi-po-sul'fit). Any salt of hypo- 
sulphurous acid (q. v. under acid). 
hyposuprarenalism (hi"po-su-pra-re'nal-izm) 
Deficient suprarenal activity. 
hyposystole (hi-po-sis'to-le) [Gr. viro under 4- 
systole]. Abnormal diminution of the systole. 
hypotaxia (hi-po-taks'e-ah) [Gr. viro under + 
arrangement]. A condition of diminished con- 
trol over the will and actions, such as occurs in 
the first stage of hypnotism. 
hypotension (hi-po-ten'shun). Diminished ten- 
sion; lowered blood-pressure. 
hypotensive (hi-po-ten'siv). Characterized by low 
pressure, as by low blood-pressure. 
hypotensor (hi-po-ten'sor). A substance that 
lowers the blood-pressure. 
hypothalamus (hi-po-thal'am-us). [B N A] The 
subthalamus or subthalamic region; the ventral 
subdivision of the diencephalon. It consists of 
three parts: 1, the pars optica hypothalami which 
belongs to the telencephalon; 2, the pars mamillaris 
hypothalami which includes the mammillary bodies, 
tuber cinereum, infundibulum, and hypophysis; 3, 
the subthalamus. 
hypothenar (hi-poth'en-ar) [Gr. biro under 4- Oevap 
palm]. The ridge on the palm along the bases 
of the fingers and the ulnar margin. 
hypothermal (hi-po-ther'mal) [Gr. biro under 4- 
Oeppi] heat]. Moderately warm or tepid. 
hypothermia, hypothermy (hi-po-ther'me-ah, 
hi-poth-er'me) [Gr. biro under + Oeppr) heat]. 
Abnormally low temperature. 
hypothesis (hi-poth'e-sis). A supposition assumed 
as a basis of reasoning. Harrower's h., hormone 
hunger, insular h., the supposition that diabetes 
is due to disordered function of the islands of 
Langerhans in the pancreas. Planck's quan- 
tum h., that energy is radiated or absorbed only 
in integral units equal to hn in which h is Planck's 
constant (q. v.), and n is the frequency of vibra- 
tion. 
hypothymia (hi-po-thi'me-ah) [Gr. biro under 4- 
Obuos mind]. Lowness or depression of spirits. 
hypothymism (hi-po-thi'mizm). Abnormally de- 
ficient thymus activity. 
hypothyrea (hi-po-thi're-ah). Hypothyreosis. 
hypothyreosis (hi"po-thi-re-o'sis) [Gr. biro under 
4- thyroid]. Deficient action of the thyroid body, 
hypothyroid (hi-po-thi'roid). Marked by or due 
to hypothyroidism. 
hypothyroidation (hi"po-thi-roi-da'shun). The 
state of body due to insufficient thyroid secretions. 
See athyroidation. HYPOTHYROIDEA 
532 
HYSTERODYNIA 
hypothyroidea (hi"po-thi-roi'de-ah). Same as 
hypothyreosis. 
hypothyroidism (hi-po-thi'roi-dizm). Same as 
hypothyreosis. 
hypothyrosis (hi-po-thi-ro'sis). Hypothyreosis. 
hypotonia, hypotonus, hypotony (hi-po-to'ne- 
ah, hi-pot'on-us, hi-pot'o-ne) [Gr. virb under fl- 
tovos tone]. Diminished tension or tonicity; low 
intra-ocular tension. 
hypotonic (hi-po-ton'ik). 1. Marked by abnor- 
mally low tension. 2. Less than isotonic. 
hypotoxicity (hi"po-toks-is'it-e) [Gr. virb under 4- 
to^ikov poison]. A mitigated or reduced toxic 
quality. 
hypotrichosis (hi"po-trik-o'sis) [Gr. virb under fl- 
6pi^ hair]. Partial or complete lack of hair 
through error of development, h. loca'lis 
cys'tica, a chronic skin eruption in dogs due to 
coccidia. Called also sporadenitis coccidiosa. 
hypotrophy (hi-pot'rof-e) [Gr. into under fl- rpotpr) 
nutrition]. See abiotrophy. 
hypotropia (hi-po-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. virb under fl- 
rpoirr) turning]. Strabismus in which the axis of 
one eye deviates downward. 
hypovaria (hi-po-va're-ah). Deficiency of the in- 
ternal secretion of the ovary. 
hypovitaminosis (hi"po-vi-tam-in-o'sis). A con- 
dition dependent on lack of some essential vitamin 
from the diet. 
hypoxanthin (hi-po-zan'thin) [Gr. inro under fl- 
^avObs yellow]. A crystalline leukomain, oxy- 
purin, C5H4N4O, from plant and animal tissues and 
urine, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and 
ether. It is derived from the decomposition of 
nuclein or adenin, and is concerned in the forma- 
tion of uric acid and urea. 
hypsibrachycephalic (hip"se-brak-e-sef-al'ik) 
[Gr. 6^4 high fl- ^paxvs broad fl- KecpaXr) head]. 
Having the head broad and high. 
hypsicephalic (hip"se-sef-al'ik) [Gr. vpc high -|- 
KeipaXr) head]. Having a cranial index above 
75-i°. 
hypsiloid (hip'sil-oid) [Gr. vpiXov the letter u or 
y]. U-Shaped or Y-shaped. 
hypsistaphylia (hip"se-staf-il'e-ah) [Gr. y\pi on 
high + crracpvXi) uvula]. Highness and narrowness 
of the palate. 
hypsistenocephalic (hip"sis-ten-o-sef-al'ik) [Gr. 
v\pi high fl- arevos narrow fl- KecpaXr) head]. Hav- 
ing a high, curved vertex, cheek-bones prominent, 
and jaws prognathic: said of a form of skull com- 
mon among Copts, Fellahs, and Abyssinians. 
hypsocephalous (hip-so-sef'al-us) [Gr. wpos height 
fl- KecpaXi) head]. Having a high vertex; having 
a breadth-height index of the head of over 750. 
hypsokinesis (hip"so-kin-e'sis) [Gr. v/os height fl- 
Klpijcns motion]. A backward swaying, retropulsion 
or falling when in erect posture, seen in cases of 
paralysis agitans and other forms of the amyostatic 
syndrome. 
hypsophobia (hip-so-fo'be-ah) [Gr. vxpos height fl- 
cpb^os fear]. Fear of great heights. 
hypurgia (hi-pur'je-ah) [L.; Gr. uTrovpyia]. The 
sum of the minor or subsidiary factors that make 
for recovery in any particular case. 
hyraceum, hyrax (hi-ra'se-um, hi'rax). The 
dried excrement of a badger-like animal of South 
Africa: used like musk. 
hyrgol (hur'gol) [L. hyr'golum]. Colloidal mer- 
cury: used in the treatment of syphilis. 
Hyrtl's loop, recess, sphincter, etc. (her'tlz) 
[Joseph Hyrtl, anatomist of Vienna, 1811-1894]. 
See loop, recess, sphincter, etc. 
hyssop (his'op). The tops and leaves of Hys'- 
sopus officina'lis: stimulant, tonic, expectorant, 
and aromatic. Dose of fluidextract, 60-120 min. 
(4-8 c.c.). 
hysteralgia (his-ter-al'je-ah) [Gr. varepa uterus 
fl- aXyos pain]. Neuralgic pain in the uterus. 
hysterectomy (his-ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. vcrrepa 
uterus fl- eKropij excision]. The operation of ex- 
cising the uterus, performed either through the 
abdominal wall {abdominal h.) or through the 
vagina (vaginal h.). cesarean h. Same as 
Porro's operation, see under operation, para- 
vaginal h., excision of the uterus through a 
perineal incision. 
hysteresis (his-ter-e'sis) [Gr. varepijais a too 
late arrival]. The failure of either one of two as- 
sociated phenomena to keep up with the other. 
hystereurynter (his-ter-u-rin'ter) [Gr. vcrrepa 
uterus fl- evpvveiv to stretch]. An instrument for 
dilating the uterus: a metreurynter. 
hystereurysis (his-ter-u'ris-is). Dilatation of the 
os uteri. 
hysteria (his-te're-ah) [Gr. vcrrepa womb]. A dis- 
ease, mainly of young women, characterized by 
lack of control over acts and emotions, by morbid 
self-consciousness, by exaggeration of the effect 
of sensory impressions, and by simulation of va- 
rious disorders. Symptoms of the disease are 
hyperesthesia; pain and tenderness in the region 
of the ovaries, spine, and head; anesthesia and 
other sensory disturbances; choking sensations; 
dimness of vision; paralysis; tonic spasms; con- 
vulsions; retention of urine; vasomotor disturb- 
ances; fever, hallucinations, and catalepsy, con- 
version h. See crampus neurosis, under neurosis. 
h. libidino'sa, Cullen's term for acute uterine 
pruritis or nymphomania, h. ma'jor. See 
hystero-epilepsy. h. mi'nor, hysteria with mild 
convulsions in which consciousness is not lost. 
hysteriac (his-te're-ak). A person affected with 
hysteria. 
hysteric, hysterical (his-ter'ik, his-ter'ik-al). 
Pertaining to or affected with hysteria. 
hystericism (his-ter'is-izm). A hysteric tendency, 
hystericoneuralgic (his-ter"ik-o-nu-ral'jik). Re- 
sembling neuralgia, but of the nature of hysteria. 
hysterics (his-ter'iks). A hysteric attack, 
hysterism (his'ter-izm). Hysteria. 
hysteritis (his-ter-i'tis) [Gr. vcrrepa womb fl- -ins 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the uterus. 
hystero- (his'ter-o-) [Gr. vcrrepa uterus], A pre- 
fix denoting some relation to the uterus. 
hysterobubonocele (his"ter-o-bu-bon'o#el). An 
inguinal hernia containing the uterus. 
hysterocarcinoma (his"ter-o-kar-sin-o'mah). 
Uterine carcinoma. 
hysterocatalepsy (his"ter-o-kat'al-ep-se). Hys- 
teria with cataleptic symptoms. 
hysterocataphraxis (his"ter-o-kat-af-rak'sis) 
See hysterokataphraxis. 
hysterocele (his'ter-o-sel) [Gr. vcrrepa uterus fl- 
K17X77 hernia]. Hernia of the gravid uterus. 
hysterocervicotomy (his"ter-o-ser-vik-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. vcrrepa uterus fl- cervix fl- Gr. ropr) cut]. 
Incision of the cervix uteri and lower segment of 
the uterus in difficult labor. 
hysterocleisis (his"ter-o-kli'sis) [Gr. vcrrepa womb 
+ nXetcris closure]. Surgical closure of the os 
uteri. 
hysterocystic (his"ter-o-sis'tik). Pertaining to the 
uterus and the bladder. 
hysterocystocleisis (his"ter-o-sis-to-kli'sis) [Gr. 
vcrrepa womb fl- Kvarts bladder fl- KXeiais clo- 
sure]. The operation of turning the cervix uteri 
into the bladder and suturing it: done for the relief 
of vesico-uterovaginal fistula or for uretero-uterine 
fistula. 
hysterocystopexy (his"ter-o-sis'to-pek-se) [Gr. 
vcrrepa womb fl- kwttis bladder -fl- fixation]. 
See ventrovesicofixation. 
hysterodynia (his"ter-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. uarepa 
uterus + bbvvr) pain]. Pain in the uterus. HYSTERO-EPILEPSY 
533 
HYSTEROTRAUMATISM 
hystero-epilepsy (his"ter-o-ep'il-ep-se). A se- 
vere type of hysteria with convulsions simulating 
those of epilepsy. At first there occur loss of con- 
sciousness and spasms, followed by a stage of 
violent spasmodic movements and mental dis- 
turbance, and finally a condition marked by de- 
lirium, erotic symptoms, etc. 
hystero-epileptogenic, hystero-epileptog- 
enous (his"ter-o-ep-e-lep-to-jen'ik, -lep-toj'en-us) 
[hystero-epilepsy 4- Gr. yevvav to produce]. Pro- 
ducing hystero-epilepsy. 
hystero-erotic (his"ter-o-er-otzik). Both hys- 
teric and erotic. 
hysterofrenatory (his"ter-o-fren'at-o-re). Hys- 
terofrenic. 
hysterofrenic (his"ter-o-frenzik) [hysteria 4- L. 
Jrena're to restrain]. Preventing or delaying an 
attack of hysteria. 
hysterogastrorrhaphy (his"ter-o-gas-trorzaf-e) 
[Gr. varepa womb + yaar-qp stomach 4- pa<pq 
suture]. The suturation of the uterus to the 
gastric wall. 
hysterogenic, hysterogenous (his"ter-o-jenzik, 
his-ter-ojzen-us) [Gr. varepa womb 4- yevvav to 
beget]. Causing hysteric phenomena or symp- 
toms. 
hysteroid (hiszter-oid) [Gr. varepa uterus 4- eloos 
like]. Resembling or akin to hysteria. 
hysterokataphraxis (his"ter-o-kat-af-rakzsis) [Gr. 
varepa womb 4- Karaippaaeev to fence in]. The 
operation of supporting the uterus with metallic 
ligatures passed through the abdominal walls 
and around the uterus. 
hysterolaparotomy (his"ter-o-lap-ar-otzo-me) 
[Gr. varepa uterus + XaKapa flank 4- ropq a 
cutting]. Incision of the uterus through the 
abdominal wall. 
hysterolith (hiszter-o-lith) [Gr. varepa womb 
4- XIOos stone]. A uterine calculus; womb- 
stone. 
hysterology (his-ter-olzo-je) [Gr. varepa womb 4- 
Xbyos word]. The sum of what is known re- 
garding the uterus. 
hysteroloxia (his"ter-o-lokzse-ah) [Gr. varepa 
uterus 4- Xo^os oblique]. Oblique displacement 
of the uterus. 
hysterolysis (his-ter-olzis-is) [Gr. varepa uterus 4- 
Xvats solution]. The operation of loosening the 
uterus from its attachments or adhesions. 
hysteromalacia (his"ter-o-mal-azse-ah) [Gr. varepa 
womb + paXaKia softness]. Softening of the 
uterus. 
hysteromania (his"ter-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. varepa 
uterus -j- pavla madness]. i. Hysteric mania. 
2. Nymphomania. 
hysterometer (his-ter-omzet-er) [Gr. varepa womb 
4- perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the uterus. 
hysterometry (his-ter-omzet-re) [Gr. varepa womb 
4* perpov measure]. The measurement of the 
length or dimensions of the uterus. 
hysteromyoma (his"ter-o-mi-ozmah). Myoma of 
the uterus. 
hysteromyomectomy (his"ter-o-mi-o-mekzto-me) 
[Gr. varepa womb 4- myoma 4- Gr. eKropq exci- 
sion], Excision of a uterine myoma. 
hysteromyotomy (his"ter-o-mi-otzo-me) [Gr. 
varepa uterus 4- pvs muscle 4- ropq cut]. Incision 
of the uterus for the purpose of removing a solid 
tumor. 
hysteronarcolepsy (his"ter-o-narzko-lep-se). Nar- 
colepsy caused by hysteria. 
hysteroneurasthenia (his"ter-o-nu-ras-thezne- 
ah). Neurasthenia occurring in association with 
hysteria. 
hysteroneurosis (his"ter-o-nu-rozsis) [hystero- 4- 
neurosis}. A reflex nervous disorder due to a 
uterine lesion. 
hystero-obphorectomy (his"ter-o-o"of-o-rek'to- 
me) [hysterectomy 4- oophorectomy}. The sur- 
gical removal of the uterus and ovaries. 
hystero-oothecectomy (his"ter-o-o"o-the-sekz- 
to-me) [Gr. varepa uterus 4- cbod-qKe ovary 4- 
eKrop-q excision]. Excision of the uterus and 
ovaries. 
hystero-ovar iotomy (his" ter-o-o- va-re-ot'o-me). 
Same as hystero-obphorectomy. 
hysteropathy (his-ter-op'ath-e) [Gr. varepa womb 
4- Kados illness]. Any uterine disease or dis- 
order. 
hysterope fhis'ter-op). A person affected with 
hysteropia. 
hysteropexy, hysteropexia (his'ter-o-peks-e, 
his"ter-o-peks'e-ah) [Gr. varepa womb 4- 
fixation]. The fixation of a displaced uterus by 
a surgical operation. It is distinguished as ab- 
dominal or vaginal, according as the uterus is 
fastened to the abdominal wall or to the vagina. 
hysterophore (his'ter-o-for) [Gr. varepa womb 4- 
tpepeiv to bear]. A pessary for supporting the 
womb. 
hysteropia (his-ter-o'pe-ah) [Gr. varepa womb -|- 
eye]. Hysteric disorder of the vision. 
hysteropsychosis (his"ter-o-si-ko'sis) [Gr. varepa 
uterus + ^vxq mind]. A mental disorder due to 
uterine disease. 
hysteroptosia (his"ter-op-to'ze-ah). Hysteroptosis. 
hysteroptosis (his"ter-op-to'sis) [Gr. varepa womb 
4- KrwaLS fall]. Falling or prolapse of the 
uterus. 
hysterorrhaphy (his-ter-or'a-fe) [Gr. varepa 
womb + pa<p-q suture]. The stitching of the 
lacerated uterus.' See hysteropexia. 
hysterorrhexis (his"ter-or-eks'is) [Gr. varepa, 
uterus -|- pq^cs rent]. Rupture of the uterus. 
hysterosalpingo-obphorectomy (his"ter-o-sal- 
ping"o-o-of-or-ek'to-me). Surgical removal of 
the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries. 
hysterosalpingo-obthecectomy (his"ter-o-sal"- 
ping-o-o"o-the-sek'to-me). Hysterosalpingo-obpho- 
rectomy. 
hysterosalpingostomy (his" ter-o-sal-ping-os' to- 
me). The operation of forming an anastomosis 
between the uterus and the distal portion of the 
fallopian tube after excision of a strictured or 
obstructed portion of the tube. 
hysteroscope (his'ter-o-skop) [Gr. varepa uterus 
+ aKOKelv to view]. An instrument used in in- 
specting the uterus. 
hysterostomatomy, hysterostomatotomy 
(his"ter-o-sto-mat'o-me, his"ter-o-sto-mat-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. varepa uterus 4- aropa mouth 4- ropy cut]. 
Incision of the os or cervix uteri, or surgical en- 
largement of the os uteri. 
hysterosyphilis (his"ter-o-sif'il-is). A hysteric 
neurosis due to syphilitic disease. 
hysterotome (his'ter-o-tom) [Gr. varepa womb 4- 
rop-q cut]. An instrument for incising the uterus, 
hysterotomotokia (his"ter-o-to"mo-to'ke-ah) [Gr. 
varepa womb 4- to pi] cut 4- tokos birth]. The 
cesarean section. 
hysterotomy (his-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. varepa uterus 
4- ropr] cut]. Incision of the uterus. 
hysterotrachelorrhaphy (his"ter-o-trak-el-orz- 
af-e) [Gr. varepa womb 4- rpaxqXos neck 4- paip-fy 
suture]. The plastic surgery of the cervix uteri. 
hysterotrachelotomy (his"ter-o-trak-el-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. varepa uterus + rpaxqXos neck 4- ropq cut]. 
Incision of the neck of the uterus. 
hysterotraumatic (his"ter-o-traw-mat'ik) [Gr. 
varepa womb 4- rpavpa wound]. Due to or as- 
sociated with traumatic hysteria or hysterotrau- 
matism. 
hysterotraumatism (his"ter-o-traw'mat-izm). 
Hysteric symptoms following traumatism. HYSTEROTRISMUS 
534 
ICHTHYOCOLLA 
hysterotrismus (his"ter-o-triz'mus) [Gr. varepa 
womb + rpcapos spasm]. Spasm occurring in the 
uterus. 
hysterovagino-enterocele (his"ter-o-vaj"in-o- 
en'ter-o-sel) [Gr. barepa uterus + vagina -T Gr. 
Ivrepov intestine + K-qXq hernia]. Hernia contain- 
ing the uterus, vagina, and intestine. 
hystriciasis, hystricism (his-trik-i'as-is, his'tris- 
izm) [Gr. uarpi^ hedgehog]. 1. Morbid erection of 
the hairs. 2. Ichthyosis hystrix. 
hyStrix (his'triks). See ichthyosis hystrix. 
hyther (hi'ther) [Gr. vbwp water + Oepp-q heat]. 
The combined effect upon the body of the humidity 
and temperature of the air. 
I 
I. The chemic symbol for iodin; also abbreviation 
for intensity of magnetism. 
1. Abbreviation for optically inactive. 
iamatology (i"am-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. 'tapa remedy + 
\byos discourse]. The study or science of remedies. 
iatraliptic (i"at-ral-ip'tik) [Gr. larpda cure + 
aXdipeLv to anoint]. Pertaining to the applica- 
tion of remedies by friction. 
iatraliptics (i"at-ral-ip'tiks). Treatment by in- 
unction and friction. 
iatrevin (i-at're-vin). A preparation of menthol 
and isobutylphenol: used in pulmonary con- 
sumption. 
iatric (i-at'rik) [Gr. larpos physician]. Pertaining 
to medicine or to a physician. 
iatrochemic, iatrochemical (i-at"ro-kem'ik, 
-kem'ik-al). A term applied to the doctrine of 
iatrochemistry. 
iatrochemistry (i-at"ro-kem'is-tre) [Gr. larpos 
physician + chemistry]. 1. The obsolete opinion 
that chemistry is the basis of all therapeutics. 2. 
The spagiric or paracelsian system of practice. 
iatrol (i'at-rol). Oxyiodomethylanilid; an iodin 
and anilin derivative. It is an antiseptic, and is 
used externally like iodoform. 
iatrology (i-at-rol'o-je) [Gr. larpos physician + 
Xbyos discourse]. The science of medicine. 
iatrophysical (i"at-ro-fiz'ik-al). The name of a 
school of medicine which thought all the phe- 
nomena of life and disease were based on the laws 
of physics. 
iatrophysics (i"at-ro-fiz'iks) [Gr. larpos physician 
+ tpvaiKos natural]. 1. The physics of medicine 
or of medical and surgical treatment. 2. The 
treatment of diseases by physical or mechanic 
means. 
iatrotechnics (i-at-ro-tek'niks) [Gr. larpos physi- 
cian + rexwj art]. The technics of medical and 
surgical practice. 
ibit (i'bit). Bismuth oxyiodotannate, BilCbfOH).- 
CsHa.CO.O.CeHafOH^.COOH, a bactericide and 
■ disinfectant. 
ibogain (ib-o'ga-in). A poisonous alkaloid from 
iboga, a plant of the Kongo region. It increases 
blood-pressure and diuresis, raises the bodily 
temperature, and excites the secretions. 
icajin (i-ka'jin) [icaja African name of strophan- 
thus]. A poisonous alkaloid from strophanthus. 
ice (is). Water solidified by the reduction of its 
temperature to below o° Centigrade: used as a 
refrigerant, i.-bag, i.-cap, i.-compress, ap- 
pliances for the therapeutic application of ice. 
Iceland moss (is'land maws). See Cetraria. I. 
spar, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate: 
used in making Nicol prisms. 
ichnogram (ik'no-gram) [Gr. ixvos a footprint + 
ypappa mark], A footprint. 
ichor (i'kor) [Gr. ixwp]. A thin, serous, or sanious 
fluid from a sore or wound. 
ichoremia, ichorhemia (i-kor-e'me-ah) [Gr. 
ichor + alpa blood]. Poisoning that is 
due to the mingling of sanious matter with the 
blood. 
ichoroid (i'ko-roid) [Gr. Ix&p serum + e*5os form]. 
Resembling ichor or pus. 
ichorous (i'kor-us). Of the nature of a serum or 
ichor. 
ichorrhea, ichorrhoea (i-kor-e'ah) [Gr. ix^p ichor 
+ pola flow]. A copious discharge of ichorous 
fluid or sanies. 
ichorrhemia (i-kor-e'me-ah) [Gr. ix&p ichor, pus 
+ alpa blood]. Infection of the blood with septic 
matter or with -non-septic but toxic derivatives 
of suppurative inflammation. 
ichthalbin (ik-thal'bin). A grayish-brown powder 
(ichthyol albuminate). An odorless compound 
of ichthyol and albumin: used like ichthyol. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
ichthammon (ik-tham'on). The ammonium com- 
pound of a sulpho-acid obtained from a bitumin- 
ous material by distillation with sulphuric acid 
and neutralization with ammonia: used like ich- 
thyol. 
ichthargan (ik-thar'gan) [ichthyol + L. argen'tum 
silver]. Silver sulpho-ichthyolate; a brown, 
odorless powder, containing 30 per cent, of silver. 
It is soluble in water and glycerin, and is used as 
an antiphlogistic, astringent, and bactericide in 
| to 3 per cent, solution. 
ichthargol (ik-thar'gol). A silver preparation re- 
sembling ichthargan, containing 15 per cent, of 
silver. 
ichthermol (ik-ther'mol). A dark powder, a com- 
pound of ichthyosulphonic acid and mercury, 
containing 24 per cent, of metallic mercury. 
ichthidin, ichthin (ik'thid-in, ik'thin). Two 
phosphoglycoproteins from the eggs of fishes. 
ichthoform (ik'tho-form). A dark-brown powder, 
a combination of ichthyol and formaldehyd: used 
as an internal antifermentative and antibacterial. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
ichtholdine (ik-thol'din). A liquid preparation 
of ichthyol, iodin, boroglycerid, and glycerite of 
hydrastis. 
ichthosote (ik'tho-sot). An antituberculotic pre- 
paration of ichthyol and creosote. 
ichthulin (ik'thu-lin). A variety of ichthidin from 
the eggs of cod-fish and carp. 
ichthyanat (ik-thi'an-at). A preparation from the 
bituminous shale of Achensee in the Tyrol: used 
like ichthyol. 
ichthyism (ik'the-izm). Ichthyismus. 
ichthyismus (ik-the-iz'mus) [Gr. lx^ fish]. A 
disease caused by eating stale or poisonous fish, 
i. exanthemat'icus, that in which the gastro- 
intestinal irritation is accompanied by a scarlatin- 
ous rash. 
ichthynat (ik'thin-at). A brownish-black syrupy 
liquid used in place of ichthyol. 
ichthyocolla (ik"the-o-kol'ah) [Gr. IxOvs fish + 
KoWa glue]. Isinglass; a form of gelatin pre- 
pared from the swimming-bladders of the Rus- 
sian sturgeon, Acipen'ser hu'so. It occurs in 
white, horny sheets, and is used as a food, as a 
demulcent for clarifying liquids, and externally 
in the form of a plaster (i. plaster or court-plaster), 
as an adhesive and protective dressing. ICHTHYODIN 
IDEA 
ichthyodin (ik-thi'o-din). Same as isarol. 
ichthyoform (ik'the-o-form). Same as ichthoform. 
ichthyoid (ik'the-oid) [Gr. Ix^vs fish + dlbos form]. 
Resembling a fish; shaped like a fish. i. cell or 
stage. See megaloblast. 
ichthyol (ik'the-ol) [Gr. IxOvs fish + L. o'leum 
oil]. A thick, brownish liquid from an asphalt 
rich in the remains of fishes: much used in skin 
diseases and in gynecologic practice. The 
ichthyol now in use is ammonium ichthyol-sul- 
phonate, C28H36S3O6(NH4)2 _+ H2O. It is soluble 
in water, partly soluble in alcohol and ether, 
and miscible with oils. Ichthyol is used as an 
alterative in skin diseases, and has been given 
internally in rheumatism, tuberculosis, syphilis, 
etc. Dose, 10-30 min. (0.65-2 c.c.) per diem; 
externally, . 5-50 per cent, solution or ointment, 
i. albuminate, ichthalbin. i. formaldehyd, 
ichthoform. i.-silver. Same as ichthargan. 
ichthyolidin (ik-the-ol'id-in). Piperazin ichthyol- 
sulphonate: used in gout and uric-acid diathesis. 
ichthyolum (ik-the-o'lum). Ichthyol, 
ichthyophagous (ik-the-of'ag-us). Eating fish, 
ichthyophagy (ik-the-of'aj-e) [Gr. Ix®^ fish + 
<pa7eu' to eat]. The practice of living upon fish, 
ichthyophobia (ik"the-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. IxOvs fish 
+ <p6^os fear]. Abnormal aversion to fish. 
ichthyosis (ik-thi-o'sis) [Gr. IxObs fish], A dis- 
ease characterized by dryness, roughness, and 
scaliness of the skin, due to hypertrophy of the 
horny layer. Called also fish-skin disease and 
xeroderma, i. congen'ita, a congenital anomaly 
of the skin characterized by diffuse hyperkeratosis 
and abnormal cornification and resulting in the 
formation of thick horny scales. Called also 
hyperkeratosis congenita, keratosis difiusa fcetalis. 
i. cor'nea. Same as i. hystrix. follicular i., a 
form in which sebum and epithelium are heaped 
around the orifices of the hair-follicles, i. hys'- 
trix, a variety with dry and warty knobs (Machin, 
I733)- linear i., ichthyosis occurring in bands or 
streaks, i. sauroder'ma, severe ichthyosis in 
which the skin is covered with thick plates like the 
skin of a crocodile. Called also crocodile skin. i. 
scutula'ta, a form with lozenge-shaped scales, 
i. seba'cea cor'nea. Same as keratitis follicu- 
laris. i. serpenti'na, ichthyosis with an erup- 
tion resembling a serpent's skin. i. sim'plex. 
See xeroderma, i. spino'sa, ichthyosis hystrix in 
which the scales are spiny, i. thysanotrich'ica, 
a disease marked by hyperkeratosis of the base of 
the follicles of the skin with a small tuft of hairs, 
resembling comedones, growing from the follicles, 
i. u'teri, a condition marked by the transforma- 
tion of the columnar epithelium of the endometrium 
into stratified epithelium. 
ichthyosismus (ik-the-o-siPtnus). Same as ich- 
thyismus. 
ichthyotic (ik-the-ot'ik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of ichthyosis. 
ichthyotoxic (ik"the-o-tok'sik). Caused by the 
toxic principle of fish. 
ichthyotoxicum (ik"the-o-tok'sik-um) [Gr. Ixfivs 
fish 4- to^ikov poison]. A poisonous principle 
obtainable from various fishes. 
ichthyo toxin (ik"the-o-toks'in). The poisonous 
principle of eel-serum. 
ichthyotoxism (ik"the-o-tok'sizm) [Gr. 1x9 vs fish 
+ to^lkov poison],\ Poisoning by fish. 
icing heart, liver (i'sing). See under heart and 
liver. 
iconolagny (i-kon'o-lag-ne) [Gr. dlK^v image + 
\ayveia lewdness]. Sexual stimulation aroused by 
pictures or statues. 
I. C. T. Abbreviation for inflammation of connective 
tissue. 
icterepatitis (ik"ter-ep-at-i'tis) [L. idterus jaun- 
dice + hepatitis]. Hepatitis with jaundice. 
535 
icteric (ik-tePik). Pertaining to or affected with 
jaundice. 
icteritious (ik-ter-ish'us). i. Affected with jaun- 
dice. 2. Of a yellow or jaundiced hue. 
ictero-anemia (ik"ter-o-an-e'me-ah). A disease 
marked by the development of icterus and anemia, 
with splenic enlargement, urobilinuria, and a 
hemolysis associated with fragility of the red blood- 
corpuscles. Called also hemolytic ictero-anemia 
and Widal's syndrome. 
icterode (ik'ter-bd). Icteroid. 
icterogen (ik'ter-o-jen) [See icterogenic}. An or- 
ganic arsenical preparation which causes degenera- 
tion of the liver cells and jaundice. 
icterogenic, icterogenous (ik"ter-o-jen'ik, ik-ter- 
oj'en-us) [L. icterus + Gr. yevvav to produce]. 
Causing icterus. 
icterohematuria (ik"ter-o-hem-at-u're-ah). See 
hemoglobinuria of sheep. 
icterohematuric (ik"ter-o-hem-at-u'rik). Marked 
by jaundice and hematuria. 
icterohemoglobinuria (ik"ter-o-hem"o-glo-bin- 
u're-ah). Combined icterus and hemoglobinu- 
ria. 
icterohepatitis (ik"ter-o-hep-at-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the liver with marked jaundice. 
icteroid (ik'ter-oid) [Gr. Iktcpos jaundice + ei3os 
form]. Resembling jaundice. 
icterus (ik'ter-uS) [L.; Gr. inrepos]. See jaundice. 
bilirubin-i., jaundice with discoloration of the 
urine, due to the presence of an excessive quan- 
tity of bilirubin, i. castren'sis gra'vis, Weil's 
disease occurring among troops in camp. i. cas- 
tren'sis le'vis, catarrhal jaundice affecting 
troops in camp. i. catarrha'lis, simple catar- 
rhal jaundice, cythemolytic i., icterus due 
to excessive formation of bile from destruction of 
red blood-corpuscles, febrile i., i. febri'lis, an 
acute . infectious jaundice; Weil's disease. i. 
gra'vis, acute yellow atrophy of the liver. See 
atrophy. Gubler's i., a kind of hematogenous 
jaundice believed by Gubler to be due to excessively 
rapid hemolysis, i. infectio'sus, Weil's disease. 
See disease. Liouville's i., icterus neona- 
torum. i. me'las, black jaundice; Winckel's 
disease, i. neonato rum, the jaundice some- 
times seen in newborn children. It is probably due 
to absorption of bile-pigments from the meconium, 
i. prse'cox, jaundice in secondary syphilis, i. 
typhoi'des, acute yellow atrophy of the liver, 
urobilin-i. See urobilinicterus. 
ictometer (ik-tom'et-er) [L. ic'tus stroke + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the heart's impulse over the chest-wall. 
ictus (ik'tus), pl. ic'tus [L. "stroke"]. A stroke, 
blow, or sudden attack, i. cor'dis, the heart- 
beat. i. epilep'ticus, an epileptic attack, i. 
immunicato'rius, the injection of a large 
quantity of bacteria or toxin for the purpose of 
inducing the formation of a large quantity of anti- 
body. i. paralyt'icus, a paralytic stroke, 
i. san'guinis, an apoplectic attack, i. so'lis, 
a sunstroke. 
Id., id. Abbreviation for L. i'dem, the same. 
id (id). A chromosphere regarded as a component 
of an idant. Cf. biophore. 
idant (i'dant). A chromosome or nuclear rod 
regarded as a factor in heredity. Cf. biophore. 
idea (i-de'ah) [Gr. Ibea form]. A mental impres- 
sion or conception, autochthonous i., an idea 
which comes into the mind in some unaccount- 
able way, and which is strange, but cannot be ac- 
counted for by a hallucination, compulsive i., 
an idea which intrudes, recurs, and persists despite 
reason and will, dominant i., a morbid or 
other impression that controls or colors every ac- 
tion and thought, fixed i., a morbid impression 
or belief which morbidly stays in the mind and 
cannot be changed by reason, i. of reference, 536 
IDIOPHORE 
an idea which causes the possessor to suppose that 
the words and actions of others refer to himself. 
ideal (i-de'al). Having some relation to ideas, 
impressions, or imaginations. 
ideation (i-de-a'shun). The distinct mental pres- 
entation of objects. 
ideational (i-de-a'shun-al). Relating to ideation 
or the formation of objects and images in the 
mind. 
identical points (i-den'tik-al). See point. 
identification (i-den-tif-ik-a'shun). An uncon- 
scious mental process by which a person identifies 
himself with another. 
ideodynamism (i-de"o-di'nam-izm) [idea 4* Gr. 
88 v a pis power]. The stimulation, through the 
cerebral cells, by an idea, of those nerve-fibers 
which are to realize that idea. 
ideogenous (i-de-oj'en-us). Produced by an idea; 
produced by the mind, but having no physical 
cause. 
ideoglandular (i"de-o-glan'du-lar). Arousing 
glandular activity as a result of some recollec- 
tion or thought. 
ideometabolic (i"de-o-met-ab-ol'ik). Producing 
some metabolism as a result of mental action, 
normal or other. 
ideometabolism (i"de-o-met-ab'o-lizm). Metab- 
olism produced by mental influence. 
ideomotion (i"de-o-mo'shun). .Motion or mus- 
cular action which is neither reflex nor volitional, 
but is induced by some dominant idea. 
ideomotor (i"de-o-mo'tor). Aroused by an idea or 
thought: said of involuntary motion so aroused. 
ideomuscular (i"de-o-mus'ku-lar). Producing 
involuntary muscular action, due to some idea- 
tion, memory, or hallucination. 
ideophrenia (i"de-o-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. iSeaidea 4- ipp^v 
mind]. Insanity with marked perversion of ideas. 
ideophrenic (i"de-o-fren'ik) [Gr. I8ea idea 4- <ppev- 
itikos insane]. Characterized by perverted ideas. 
ideoplastia (i"de-o-plas'te-ah) [Gr. I8ea idea 4- 
irXaffaeiv to form]. The passive inert condition 
of a patient under complete hypnosis in which 
he is capable of receiving suggestions of ideas 
from the hypnotist. 
ideovascular (i"de-o-vas'ku-lar). Producing some 
vascular change as a result of a recollection or 
ideation. 
idio-agglutinin (id"e-o-ag-lu'tin-in) [Gr. I8ios own 
4- agglutinin]. An agglutinin which originates 
in the animal independently of any transfer or 
artificial means. 
idioblast (id'e-o-blast) [Gr. IStos one's own 4- 
(IXacrTos germ]. Any one of the hypothetic 
ultimate units of a cell: a biophore. 
idiochromatin (id"e-o-kro'mat-in) [Gr. 18ios own 
4- chromatin]. The chromatin which is concerned 
in reproduction. 
idiochromidia (id"e-o-kro-mid'e-ah) [Gr. idios 
own 4" chromidia], That part of the chromidia or 
extranuclear chromatin which takes part in the 
reproduction of the cell. Cf. trophochromidia. 
idiochromosome (id"e-o:kro'mo-sbm). A chro- 
mosome which has a definite sex-producing power. 
idiocrasy (id-e-ok'ras-e). Idiosyncrasy. 
idiocratic (id"e-o-krat'ik) [Gr. 1810s own 4- Kpaais 
temperament]. Marked by peculiarities of con- 
stitution or of temperament. 
idiocy (id'e-o-se) [see idiot], Complete congen- 
ital imbecility; extreme dementia, amaurotic 
family i. (Tay, 1881; Sachs, 1887), a disease of 
infants and children, marked by changes in the 
macula lutea, increasing failure of vision, paralysis, 
and death. Aztec i., microcephalic idiocy, 
cretinoid i., cretinism, diplegic i., paralysis in 
infancy affecting all the extremities, epileptic i., 
idiocy combined with epilepsy, genetous i., 
that which dates from fetal life, hemiplegic i., 
IDEAL 
hemiplegia in infancy. hydrocephalic i., 
idiocy combined with chronic hydrocephalus, 
intrasocial i., idiocy in which the patient is cap- 
able of performing some regular occupation, 
microcephalic i., idiocy associated with micro- 
cephalia. Mongolian i., congenital idiocy with 
marked liveliness and imitativeness, a flattened 
skull, oblique eye-slit, mobile hips, and shortness 
of thumbs and of little fingers, the special charac- 
ters of cretinism being absent, paralytic i., 
idiocy with paralysis, paraplegic i., idiocy 
associated with paraplegia, sensorial i., mental 
defect due to early loss of any of the special senses, 
traumatic i., that which results from an injury 
received at birth or in infancy. 
idiogamist (id-e-og'am-ist) [Gr. 1810s one's own + 
7a/xos marriage]. A person who is capable of coitus 
with only one particular woman, or with only a few 
selected ones, being impotent with all others. 
idiogenesis (id"e-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. 1610s one's own 
self + yeveais development]. The idiopathic 
origin of disease. 
idioglossia (id"e-o-glos'e-ah) [Gr. 18lwtt]s idiot 4- 
yXwaaa tongue]. Imperfect articulation, with- the 
utterance of meaningless vocal sounds. 
idioglottic (id"e-o-glot'ik). Pertaining to idio- 
glossia. 
idiohetero-agglutinin (id"e-o-het"er-o-ag-Iu'tin- 
in) [Gr. 1610s own 4- erepos other 4* agglutinin], A 
hetero-agglutinin normally present in the blood 
and not produced by artificial means. 
idioheterolysin (id"e-o-het-er-ol'is-in). An idio- 
lysin which destroys the cells of an animal of a 
different species from that in which it is formed. 
idiohypnotism (id"e-o-hip'no-tizm) [Gr. 1810s own 
4- hypnotism]. Spontaneous or self-induced hyp- 
notism. 
idio-isoagglutinin (id"e-o-i-so-ag-lu'tin-in) 
An isoagglutinin normally present in the blood, 
and not produced by artificial means. 
idio-isolysin (id"e-o-i-sol'is-in). An idiolysin 
which destroys the cells of an animal of the same 
species as that in which it is formed. 
idiokinetic (i-de"o-kin-et'ik). Ideomotor. 
idiolysin (id-e-ol'is-in) [Gr. I6ios own 4- lysin]. 
A lysin which is normally present in the blood 
and is not produced by artificial means. 
idiometritis (id"e-o-me-tri'tis) [Gr. 1810s own 4* 
p-qrpa womb 4- -ms inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the parenchyma of the uterus. 
idiomuscular (id"e-o-mus'ku-lar) [Gr. I8ios own 4- 
L. mus'cuius muscle]. Pertaining to the mus- 
cular tissue apart from any nerve stimulus; a 
term applied to certain muscular contractions 
which occur in degenerated muscles only. 
idioneural (id"e-o-nu'ral) [Gr. i8ios own + vevpov 
nerve]. Pertaining to a single nerve, or to the 
nervous system exclusively. 
idioneurosis (id"e-o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. I8ios own 4- 
vevpov nerve]. Any neurosis arising from the 
nerves themselves; an idiopathic neurosis. 
idioparasite (id"e-o-par'as-it). A parasite gener- 
ated within the body of the host. 
idiopathetic (id"e-o-path-et'ik). Idiopathic. 
idiopathic (id-e-o-path'ik). Of the nature of an 
idiopathy; self-originated; neither sympathetic nor 
traumatic. 
idiopathy (id-e-op'ath-e) [Gr. 1810s own 4- Trades 
disease]. A morbid state of spontaneous origin: 
one neither sympathetic nor traumatic. 
idiophone (id'e-o-fon) [Gr. I8ios own 4* <povy 
voice]. An apparatus by means of which vibra- 
tions of the singing voice will produce pictures 
of flowers on a membrane covered with colored 
dust. 
idiophore (id'e-o-for) [Gr. I8ios own 4- to 
bear]. The (theoretic) primary form of living 
cell-substance. IDIOPHRENIC 
537 
ILEUS 
idiophrenic (id"e-o-fren'ik) [Gr. 18ios own 4- <pprjv 
mind]. Pertaining to the brain itself. 
idioplasm (id'e-o-plazm) [Gr. l8los own + irXaapa 
anything formed]. The active, vital, or repro- 
ductive part of a cell contained in the chromo- 
somes of the nucleus; on it depend the peculiar 
characters of the cell. Called also germ-plasm. 
idiopsychologic (id"e-o-si-ko-loj'ik). Pertaining 
to ideas formed within one's own mind. 
idioreflex (id-e-o-re'fleks) [Gr. 1610s own 4- reflex]. 
A reflex brought about by a cause within the same 
organ. 
idioretinal (id-e-o-ret'in-al). Pertaining to the 
retina alone. 
idiosome (id'e-o-som) [Gr. Ibios own + aupa body]. 
A supposed ultimate element of living matter. 
idiospasm (id'e-o-spazm). A spasm of a limited 
area or region. 
idiosyncrasy (id"e-o-sin'kra-se) [Gr. 1810s own -f- 
avypaais mixture, temperament]. A habit or 
quality of body or mind peculiar to any indi- 
vidual. 
idiosyncratic (id"e-o-sin-krat'ik). Pertaining to 
or characterized by idiosyncrasy. 
idiot (id'e-ot) [Gr. 18iwtt)s private]. A person 
without intellect and understanding; a feeble- 
minded person whose mental age is below two 
years. Mongolian i., a person affected with 
Mongolian idiocy, pithecoid i., an idiot with 
an ape-like face. i.-savant, a person who is 
idiotic in some respects, but not in others. 
idiotrophic (id"e-o-trof'ik) [Gr. 1810s own 4- rpo<pi] 
nutrition]. Capable of selecting its own nourish- 
ment. 
idioventricular (id"e-o-ven-trik'u-lar). Relating 
to or affecting the cardiac ventricle alone. 
idorgan (id'or-gan). A potential organ or organ- 
ism containing at least two plastids, but not pos- 
sessed of individuality. 
idose (i'dos). A hexose isomeric with dextrose. 
idrosis (id-ro'sis). See hidrosis. 
idrovocol (id-ro-vo'kol). A preparation of equal 
parts of colloidal mercury and extract of sarsapa- 
rilla: .used for syphilis. 
I. E. German abbreviation for immunizing unit. 
igasurin (ig-as-u'rin). A mixture of strychnin 
and brucin from nux vomica. 
igazol (ig'az-ol). A compound containing iodin 
and paraformaldehyd: used in phthisis. 
ignatia (ig-na'she-ah) [L.]. The bean-like seed 
of Strych'nos igna'tii, St. Ignatius' bean. It is 
poisonous, and contains the alkaloids strychnin 
and brucin. It has properties like those of nux 
vomica. Dose of abstract, |-i gr. (0.033-0.066 
gm.); of extract, gr. (0.016-0.033 gm.); of 
fluidextract, 1-6 min. (0.066-0.4 c.c.); of tinc- 
ture, 2-10 min. (0.133-0.6 c.c.); of drug in sub- 
stance, }-2 gr. (0.016-0.133 gm.). 
igni-extirpation (ig"ne-eks-ter-pa'shun) [L. ig'nis 
fire 4" extirpa'tio extirpation]. The excision of 
an organ by the hot cautery. 
igni-operation (ig"ne-op-er-a'shun) [L. ig'nis fire 
4- operation]. An operation performed by hot 
cautery. 
ignipedites (ig"ne-pe-di'tez). Same as beriberi. 
ignipuncture (ig'ne-punk-tur) [L. ig'nis fire .4- 
punctu'ra puncture]. Therapeutic puncture with 
hot needles. 
ignis (ig'nis). Latin for fire. i. sa'cer. See her- 
pes zoster, i. St. Igna'tii, St. Anthony's fire; 
erysipelas. 
ignisation (ig-niz-a'shun) [L. ig'nis fire]. The 
hyperthermia produced by exposure to artificial 
sources of heat. 
ignition (ig-nish'un) [L. ig'nis fire]. The act of 
burning or of taking fire. 
ignotin (ig'no-tin). A principle obtained from 
Liebig's extract of meat. See carnosin. 
II-para. Abbreviation for secundipara. 
Ill-para. Abbreviation for tertipara. 
I. K. An abbreviation for immun Korpern (im- 
mune bodies). See tuberculin and Spengler's 
immune bodies, under body. 
I. K. I. A soluble iodin compound used for ster- 
ilizing catgut. 
ikota (i-ko'tah). A kind of palmus prevailing, 
among the Samoyeds. 
ikshugandha (ik-shu-gand'ah) [East Indian], The 
seeds of the land-caltrop, Trib'ulus terr es'tris, a 
European and Asiatic zygophyllaceous plant. 
The tincture is astringent, and is recommended 
for spermatorrhea and diseases of the testes. 
Daily dose, 5-20 min. (0.333-1.333 c.c.). 
Ikwa fever (ik'wah). Volhynia fever. See fever. 
ileac (il'e-ak). 1. Of the nature of ileus. 2. Pertain- 
ing to the ileum. 
ileadelphus (il"e-ad-el'fus) [L. il'ium flank 4- Gr. 
a8e\<pbs brother]. Same as iliadelphus. 
ileectomy (il-e-ek'to-me) [L. il'eum ileum + Gr. 
eKTopi] excision]. Surgical removal of the ileum. 
ileitis (il-e-i'tis). Inflammation of the ileum. 
ileo-. A prefix indicating relation to the ileum. 
ileocecal (il"e-o-se'kal). Pertaining to the ileum 
and cecum. 
ileocecum, ileoc8ecum(il"e-o-se'kum). The ileum 
and cecum considered as one organ. 
ileocolic (il"e-o-kol'ik). Pertaining to the ileum 
and colon. 
ileocolitis (il"e-o-ko-li'tis). Inflammation of the 
ileum and colon. 
ileocolonic (il"e-o-ko-lon'ik). Ileocolic. 
ileocolostomy (il"e-o-ko-los'to-me) [ileum 4* 
colon + Gr. aropa. mouth]. The formation of 
an artificial passage between the ileum and the 
colon. 
ileocolotomy (il"e-o-ko-lot'o-me) [ileum 4- colon 
4- Gr. repvecv to cut]. Surgical incision of the 
ileum and colon. 
ileo-ileostomy (il"e-o-il-e-os'to-me) [ileum 4- 
ileum + Gr. aroMa mouth]. The formation of a 
passage between two parts of the ileum. 
ileoproctostomy (il"e-o-prok-tos'to-me) [ileum 4- 
Gr. TtposKTos rectum 4- arbpa mouth]. The 
formation of a passage between the ileum and 
rectum. 
ileorectostomy (il"e-o-rek-tos'to-me) [ileum 4~ 
rectum 4- Gr. UTopa mouth]. See ileoproctostomy. 
ileosigmoid (il"e-o-sig'moid). Pertaining to the 
ileum and the sigmoid. 
ileosigmoidostomy (il"e-o-sig-moi-dos'to-me) 
[ileum 4- sigmoid flexure + Gr. a-ropa. mouth]. 
The surgical creation of an opening between the 
ileum and the sigmoid flexure. 
ileostomy (il-e-os'to-me) [ileum 4- Gr. aropa. 
mouth]. The making of an artificial opening 
into the ileum. 
ileotomy (il-e-ot'o-me) [ileum 4- Gr. Tepvuv to 
cut]. The operation of making an incision into 
the ileum through the abdominal wall. 
ileotransversostomy (il"e-o-trans-ver-sos'to-me). 
The operation of anastomosing the ileum to the 
transverse colon. 
iletin (i'let-in) [ilets of Langerhans]. See insulin. 
ileum (il'e-um) [L.]. The distal portion of the 
small intestine, extending from the jejunum to 
the cecum. 
ileus (il'e-us) [L.; Gr. el\eos, from elXeiv to twist]. 
Severe colic due. to. intestinal obstruction; vol- 
vulus. adynamic i. Same as i. paralyticus. 
angiomesenteric i., dilatation of the stomach 
and duodenum caused by arteriomesenteric bands, 
i. du'plex, inflammatory enterocolic ileus. ILEX 
538 
IMIDIOD 
dynamic i., hyperdynamic i., ileus produced 
by tonic contraction of the muscular fibers of 
the intestine, mechanic i., ileus produced by 
mechanic obstruction, i. paralyt'icus, ileus 
due to paralysis of the muscular coats of the 
intestine. 
Ilex (i'lex). A genus of shrubs and trees, the hollies. 
The leaves are tonic, astringent, and antiperiodic. 
ilexanthin (i-le-zan'thin). A yellow, crystalline 
principle, C^F^On, from holly leaves. 
iliac (il'e-ak) [L. ili'acus]. Pertaining to the ilium, 
iliacus (ibi'ak-us). See muscles, table of. 
iliadelphus (il"e-ad-el'fus) [L. il'ium flank + Gr. 
abe\<pbs brother]. A monster-fetus double below 
the pelvis. 
ilicin (il'is-in). A bitter antiperiodic compound 
derived from holly, I'lex aqiiifo'lium. 
ilio-. A prefix indicating relation to the ilium. 
iliocapsularis (il"e-o-kap-su-la'ris). The iliacus 
minor muscle. 
iliococcygeal (il"e-o-kok-sij'e-al). Pertaining to 
the ilium and coccyx. 
iliocolototay (il"e-o-ko-lot'o-me). Surgical inci- 
sion of the colon in the iliac region. 
iliocostal (il"e-o-kos'tal) [ilium + L. cos'ta rib]. 
Connecting or pertaining to the ilium and ribs. 
iliocostalis (il"e-o-kos-ta'lis). See muscles, table of. 
iliofemoral (il"e-o-fem'or-al). Pertaining to the 
ilium and femur. 
iliohypogastric (il"e-o-hi-po-gas'trik). Pertaining 
to the ilium and hypogastrium. i. nerve. See 
nerves, table of. 
ilio-inguinal (il"e-o-in'gwin-al). Pertaining to 
the iliac and inguinal regions. 
iliolumbar (il"e-o-lum'bar). Pertaining to the 
iliac and lumbar regions, or to the flank and loin. 
iliolumbocosto-abdominal (il"e-o-lum-bo- 
kos"to-ab-dom'in-al). Pertaining to the iliac, 
lumbar, costal, and abdominal regions. 
iliometer (il-e-om'et-er) [iliac spines + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for determining the 
relative heights of the iliac spines and their relative 
distance from the center of the spinal column. 
iliopectineal (il"e-o-pek-tin'e-al). Pertaining to 
the ilium and pubes. 
iliopelvic (il-e-o-pel'vik). Pertaining to the iliac 
region or muscle and to the pelvis. 
iliopsoas (il-e-op'so-as). The iliacus and psoas 
magnus muscles regarded as forming one muscle. 
iliosacral (il-e-o-sa'kral). Pertaining to the 
ilium and the sacrum. 
iliosciatic (il"e-o-si-at'ik). Pertaining to the 
ilium and the ischium. 
iliospinal (il"e-o-spi'nal). Pertaining to the ilium 
and the spinal column. 
iliothoracopagus (il"e-o-tho-rak-op'ag-us) [ilium 
+ Gr. 06>pa^ chest + irdyos fixed], A twin mon- 
ster-fetus united by the ilium of one twin to the 
chest of the other. 
iliotibial (il"e-o-tib'e-al). Pertaining to or ex- 
tending between the ilium and tibia. 
iliotrochanteric (il"e-o-tro-kan-ter'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the ilium and a trochanter. 
ilium (il'e-um), pl. il'ia [L.]. 1. The haunch-bone, 
distinct in fetal life, but becoming the wide upper 
portion of the innominate bone. 2. The flank. 
illaqueation (il"ak-we-a'shun) [L. illaquea're to 
insnare]. The cure of an ingrowing eyelash by 
drawing it out with a loop. 
Illicium (il-is'e-um) [L.]. A genus of magnoli- 
aceous trees and shrubs. The fruit of I. ve'rum 
is star-anise. See anise, star-. 
illinition (il-in-ish'un) [L. illini're to smear]. 
The application of an ointment or liniment with 
rubbing. 
illumination (il"u-min-a'shun) [L. illumina'tid]. 
The lighting up of a part, cavity, organ, or ob- 
ject for inspection, axial i., the transmission or 
reflection of light along the axis of a microscope, 
critical i., the focusing of light upon an object 
inspected, dark field i. See ultramicroscope. 
direct i., the throwing of light upon an object in 
front, focal i., the throwing of light upon the 
focus of a lens or mirror, lateral i., oblique i., 
the illumination of an object from one side. 
illusion (il-u'zhun) [L. illu'sio\. A false or mis- 
interpreted sensory image; a false interpretation of 
a sensory image. 
illusional (il-u'zhun-al). Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by illusions. 
image (im'aj) [L. ima'go], A picture or concep- 
tion with more or less likeness to an objective 
reality, accidental i. Same as after-i. acous- 
tic i., a concept corresponding to something heard, 
aerial i., an image seen as in the air by the oph- 
thalmoscope. after-i., a retinal impression 
continued after the image proper has ceased to 
be visible, auditory i. Same as acoustic i. 
direct i., erect i., a picture from rays not yet 
focused, false i., the one formed by the deviating 
eye in strabismus, heteronymous i., the two 
images seen when the eyes are focused on a point 
beyond the object, homonymous i., the two 
images seen when the eyes are focused on a point 
nearer than the object, incidental i., the im- 
pression of an image which remains on the retina 
after the object has been removed, inverted i., 
one which is upside down; a real image, memory 
i., a sensation or sense-perception as it is pictured 
in the memory, mental i., any concept corre- 
sponding to an object appreciated by the senses, 
negative i. Same as after-i. optical i., one 
formed by the reflection or refraction of rays of 
light. Purkinje's i., an image upon the retina 
produced by the shadow of the blood-vessels. 
Purkinje-Sanson i's, three pairs of images of 
one object seen in observing the pupil, real i., 
one formed where the emanating rays are collected, 
retinal i., the representation formed upon the 
retina of an object seen, sensory i., a represen- 
tation formed by means of one or more of the 
sense-organs, tactile i., a sensory image corre- 
sponding to an object perceived by the sense of 
touch, virtual i. See direct i. visual i., a 
mental concept corresponding to an object seen. 
imago (im-ag'o). The final or adult stage of an 
insect. 
imamical (im-am'ik-al). A compound used as a 
remedy in syphilis, infectious jaundice, and rat- 
bite fever. 
imbalance (im-bal'ans). Lack of balance; espe- 
cially lack of balance between muscles, as in 
insufficiency of ocular muscles, autonomic i., 
autonomic ataxia, sympathetic i., vagotonia, 
vasomotor i., autonomic imbalance. 
imbecile (im'bes-Il). i. Defective mentally. 2. 
One who is mentally defective; a feeble-minded 
person whose mental age is between two and seven 
years, moral i., an imbecile with strong criminal 
tendencies. 
imbecility (im-bes-il'it-e) [L. imbecil'litas]. Feeble- 
ness of mind, congenital or acquired. 
imbed (im-bed'). See embed. 
imbibition (im-bib-ish'un) [L. imbib'ere to drink]. 
The absorption of a liquid, hemoglobin i., 
absorption by the tissue of free hemoglobin. 
imbricated (im'brik-a-ted) [L. imbrica'tus; im'brex 
tile]. Overlapping like tiles or shingles. 
imbrication (im-brik-a'shun) [L. im'brex a roof- 
tile]. The overlapping of aponeurotic layers in 
abdominal surgery. 
imid (im'id). A secondary amin; any compound 
containing the divalent group, :NH. 
imidiod (im-id'e-od). A substance in glossy rhom- 
bic black or reddish crystals: used like iodoform 
as a wound antiseptic. IMIDO- 
539 
IMPACTION 
imido-. A prefix used to denote the presence 
in a compound of the group NH. 
imido-Roche (im'id-o-rotsh). Betaimidazolethyl- 
amin in i : 1000 solution: used like adrenalin. 
CH-NH\ 
iminazol (im-in-a'zol). A radical, || 
CH-N 
occurring in histidin. 
iminazolylethylamin (im"in-a-zol-il-eth-il-am'- 
in). A preparation obtained from ergot and from 
histidin, CsHs^fCHahNHa. It is supposed to 
stimulate unstriped muscle-fiber, and has been 
used like ergot in obstetrics. See histamin. 
imino-. A prefix used to denote the presence in 
a compound of the group NH. 
Imlach's plug (im'laks) [Francis Imlach, Scotch 
physician of nineteenth century]. See plug. 
immature (im-at-uf) [L. in not + matu'rus 
mature]. Unripe or not fully developed. 
immediate (im-e'de-at) [L. in not + media'tus 
mediate]. Direct; with nothing intervening. 
immedicable (im-ed'ik-ab-1) [L. immedicab'ilis]. 
Beyond the hope of cure. 
immersion (im-er'shun) [L. imme/sio]. i. The 
plunging of a body into a liquid. 2. The use of 
the microscope with the object and object-glass 
both covered with a liquid, homogeneous i., 
the employment in microscopy of a liquid of 
nearly the same refractive power as the cover- 
glass. oil-i., the covering of the microscopic 
objective and the object with oil. water-i., the 
employment of water in microscopic immersion. 
immiscible (im-is'ib-1). Not susceptible of being 
mixed. 
immobility (im-o-bil'it-e). Chronic hydrocepha- 
lus of cattle. 
immobilization (im-o-bil-iz-a'shun). The act of 
rendering immovable. 
immobilize (im-ob'il-iz) [L. in not + mo'bilis 
movable]. To render incapable of being moved. 
immune (im-un') [L. immu'nis safe]. 1. Pro- 
tected against any particular disease, as by in- 
oculation. 2. A person or animai that is pro- 
tected against any particular disease, i. body. 
See under body. 
immunifacient (im-u-nif-a'shent). Producing 
immunity: said of diseases, such as diphtheria and 
typhoid, which for a time produce immunity 
against themselves. 
immunifaction (im-u-nif-ak'shun). Immuniza- 
tion. 
immunisin (im-u'niz-in). Amboceptor. 
immunity (im-u'nit-e) [L. immu'nitas]. The 
condition of being immune; security aganist any 
particular disease; specifically, the power which 
a living organism possesses to resist and over- 
come infection. See Ehrlich's side-chain theory, 
under theory, acquired i., that which is due 
to a previous attack of the disease in question, 
or to inoculation with the bacteria of the disease 
or their products. Acquired immunity may be 
active or passive, active i., immunity brought 
about by the activity of the cells of an individual 
as the result of having had the disease in ques- 
tion, or as a result of artificial inoculation with 
a modified or attenuated form of the caus- 
ative organism, actual i., that which.is con- 
ferred by a recovery from a contagious disease, 
antibacterial i., antimicrobic i., im- 
munity against the action of bacteria, anti- 
blastic i., immunity due to the retardation of the 
growth of an organism by inhibiting its metabolic 
function, antitoxic i., immunity against toxins, 
artificial i., immunity produced by the injec- 
tion of bacteria or their products. athreptic i., 
immunity due to the absence of a specific substance 
which is necessary for growth of the infecting 
organism, bacteriolytic i. Same as anti- 
bacterial i. Behring's i. See Behring's method, 
under method. Colles' i. See Colles' law. con- 
genital i., that which is due to some individual, 
inherited, or racial peculiarity, depression i., 
immunity which produces not the death of, but a 
depression of the virulence of the infecting organ- 
ism. Such immunity is seen in reinfection and 
may possibly explain the occurrence of chronic infec- 
tion. familial i., immunity occurring as a char- 
acteristic in certain families, inherent i., a 
natural inborn immunity, mixed i., acquired im- 
munity. natural i., the immunity with which an 
individual is born, opsonic i., immunity due to 
the presence of opsonins which stimulate the 
phagocytic power by the leukocytes, passive i.» 
immunity which depends upon defensive factors 
not originating in the individual protected, but 
which is passively acquired by being injected with 
the serum of an individual who has acquired an 
active immunity against the disease in question, 
phagocytic i., immunity dependent on the for- 
mation in the body of substances which prepare 
the bacteria for phagocytosis. Profeta's i., im- 
munity against syphilitic infection possessed by 
some children of syphilitic parents, racial i., 
natural immunity possessed by all the members of 
a group of individuals, relative i., immunity 
due to loss of complement of the blood or to a 
lessened avidity of the body cells for the poison, 
species i., specific i. Same as racial i. 
immunization (im-u-niz-a'shun). The process 
of rendering a subject immune, or of becoming 
immune, active i., isopathic i., immuniza- 
tion brought about by the previous occurrence 
of the disease, by the introduction of the atten- 
uated virus of the disease into the system, by the 
introduction of the metabolic products of the bac- 
teria of the disease or by the introduction of any 
other antigen into the body, collateral i., 
non-specific immunization; immunizatin by the 
inoculation with a microbe other than that with 
which the patient is infected, passive i., tran- 
sient immunization produced by the introduction 
into the system of the blood-serum of animals al- 
ready rendered immune. 
immunizator (im-u-niz-a'torj. That which ren- 
ders immune. 
immunochemistry (im-u-no-kem'is-tre). That 
department of chemistry which deals with the sub- 
stances and reactions concerned in immunity. 
immunodiagnosis (im-u"no-di-ag-no'sis). Di- 
agnosis by the reactions of immunity; serum-diag- 
nosis. 
immunogenic (im-u-no-jen'ik). Producing im- 
munity. 
immunology (im-u-nol'o-je). The science or 
study of immunity. 
immunoprotein (im-u-no-pro'te-in). Immunpro- 
tein. 
immunotherapy (im-u"no-ther'ap-e). Treatment 
by the production of immunity. 
immunotoxin (im-u-no-toks'in). Any antitoxin, 
immunotransf usion (im-u"no-trans-fu'zhun). 
Transfusion of blood which has been immunized 
by an autogenous vaccine from the patient. 
immunprotein (im-un-pro'te-in). A substance 
formed in the body of animals on the injection 
of an old bacterial culture by the union of the 
zymase of the culture with the body albumin. 
These immunproteins have a bacteriolytic power. 
impact (im'pakt) [L. impac'tus]. A sudden and 
forcible collision. 
impacted (im-pak'ted) [L. impac'tus]. Driven 
firmly in; closely lodged; attended with firm 
lodgment. 
impaction (im-pak'shun) [L. impac'tio}. The con- 
dition of being firmly lodged or wedged, dental 
i., the condition in which a tooth is embedded in 
the alveolus so that its eruption is prevented. IMPALPABLE 
540 
INACTIVATE 
impalpable (im-pal'pa-bl) [L. in not + palpa're to 
feel]. That cannot be felt, as, an impalpable pulse; 
also extremely fine, as, impalpable powder. 
impaludism (im-pal'u-dizm) [L. in into + pa'lus 
marsh]. Malarial cachexia; marsh-poisoning. 
impar (:m'par) [LJ. Not paired; having no fel- 
low; azygous 
impardigitate (im-par-dij'it-at) [L. im'par un- 
equal + dig'itus finger]. Having the fingers or toes 
unequal in number, as in man. 
imperative (im-per'at-iv) [L. imperati'vus]. Dom- 
inant; not subject to control by the will. 
imperception (im-per-sep'shun). Defective power 
of perception. 
imperforate (im-per'fo-rat) [L. imperfora' tus]. 
Not open; abnormally closed. 
impermeable (im-per'me-ab-1) [L. in not + per 
through -f- mea're to move]. Not permitting a 
passage, as for fluid. 
impermephane (im-per'me-fan). A light trans- 
parent protective dressing material. 
impervious (im-per've-us) [L. imper'vius]. Im- 
penetrable; not affording a passage. 
impetiginization (im-pe-tij-in-iz-a'shun). The 
development of impetigo upon an area previously 
affected with some other skin disease. 
impetiginous (im-pet-ij'en-us) [L. impetigino'- 
sws]. Pertaining to or of the nature of impetigo, 
impetigo (im-pet-i'go) [L.]. An inflammatory 
skin disease characterized by isolated pustules. 
Bockhart's i., epidemic abscesses produced by 
pyogenic bacteria, i. bullo'sa, impetigo with 
the lesions in the form of bullae, i. contagio'sa, 
a contagious disease, caused by staphylococci, 
marked by flat vesicles that become pustular and 
then crusted, i. contagio'sa bullo'sa, a bullous 
eruption, starting on the face and spreading thence 
over the body. The bullse rupture and become 
covered with crusts. The disease is contagious. 
Called also Corlett's pyosis. i. eczemato'des, 
pustular eczema, i. herpetifor'mis, a severe 
disease affecting pregnant women, and charac- 
terized by groups of pustules, i. sim'plex, i. 
staphylog'enes, an acute inflammatory form 
due to a staphylococcus, i. syphilit'ica, a 
pustular eruption in syphilis, i. variolo'sa, a 
pustular eruption occurring between the drying 
pocks of smallpox. 
impf-tetanus (impf'tet-an-us) [Ger.]. Inoculated 
tetanus; cultures from it afford a special form of 
pathogenic bacillus. 
implant (im-plant'). To insert or graft. 
implantation (im-plan-ta'shun) [L. in into + plan- 
ta're to set]. 1. The transfer of parts, as of sound 
teeth. 2. Grafting, as of the skin, nerves, 
or tendons. 3. The introduction of a solid med- 
icine beneath the skin, end-to-end i., surgical 
repair, as of the bowel or of a. nerve, by bringing 
together the divided ends, filigree i., the inser- 
tion of a silver network in the abdominal wall for 
the purpose of closing a large abdominal hernia, 
hypodermic i., the placing of a medicine in the 
subcutaneous tissue, nerve i., the operation of 
inserting and attaching a nerve into the sheath 
of another nerve, parenchymatous i., the in- 
troduction of a medicine into the substance of a 
tumor, periosteal i., the operation of inserting 
a normal tendon into the periosteum of a joint at 
the insertion of a paralyzed, tendon to take the 
place of the latter, silk i., the operation of 
restoring a paralyzed tendon by implanting strands 
of sterile silk so that they will stimulate the forma- 
tion of fascial sheaths along the line of the paral- 
yzed tendon teratic i., the partial blending 
of an imperfect with a nearly perfect fetus. 
imponderable (im-pon'der-ab-1) [L in not + 
pon'dus weight]. Having no weight. 
impotence, impotency (im'po-tens, im'po-ten-se) 
[L. in not + poten'tia power] Lack of power: 
chiefly of reproductive power or virility. 
impotentia (im-po-ten'she-ah) [L.J. Impotence, 
i. coeun'di, inability of the male to perform the 
sexual act. i. erigen'di, inability to have an 
erection of the penis. 
impregnate (im-preg'nat) [L. impregnate]. i. To 
render pregnant. 2. To saturate or charge with, 
impregnation (im-preg-na'shun) [L. impregna'- 
tio}. 1. The act of fecundation or of rendering 
pregnant. 2. The process or act of saturation; 
a saturated condition. 
impressio (im-pres'e-o), pl. impressio'nes. Latin for 
impression, i. cardi'aca. 1. The concavity on the 
mediastinal surface of the lung corresponding to the 
surface of the heart. 2. [BNA] A depression on the 
parietal surface of the liver corresponding to the po- 
sition of the heart, i. col'ica [B N A], i. duod- 
ena'lis [BNA], i. gas'trica [BNA], i. rena'lis 
[BNA], i. suprarena'lis [BNA], impressions 
on the liver made respectively by the colon, duod- 
enum, stomach, kidney, and suprarenal gland, im- 
pressio'nes digita'tae. See digital impressions, 
under impression, i. hepat'ica, an impression on 
the kidney where it touches the liver, i. oesopha'- 
gea [B N A], the. impression made on the liver by 
the esophagus, i. petro'sa, a depression on the 
temporosphenoid lobe of the brain corresponding 
to the prominence of the superior semicircular 
canal of the temporal bone. i. suprarena'lis 
[BNA], a depression on the under surface of the 
right lobe of the liver which lodges the right supra- 
renal body. i. trigem'ini [B N A], the impression 
on the petrous portion of the temporal bone made 
by the gasserian ganglion. 
impression (im-presh'un) [L. imprest™]. 1. A dent, 
hollow, or indentation. In dentistry, an impression 
of the jaw with the teeth taken in some plastic 
substance, as wax or plaster. This impression is 
filled in with plaster-of-Paris to form a model of the 
jaw. 2. An effect made upon the mind, body, or 
senses by some external object, cardiac i. See 
impressio cardiaca. centrifugal i., a motor 
impression sent from a nerve-center outward to a 
muscle, centripetal i., a sensory impression 
transmitted by an afferent nerve from the exterior 
of the body to the central organ, colic i. See 
impressio colica. deltoid i., the deltoid crest. 
See crest, digital i's, impressions on the inner 
surface of the cranium, corresponding to the 
cerebral convolutions, duodenal i. See im- 
pressio duodenalis. maternal i., the alleged effect 
produced upon the fetus in utero by the mental 
or other experiences received by the mother during 
gestation, mental i., an effect produced upon 
the mind by a communication received from an 
external object, i.-preparation, a bacterial 
colony upon the surface of which a cover-glass is 
lightly pressed, renal i. See impressio renalis. 
rhomboid i., costal tuberosity, sensory i., an 
effect produced upon an organ of sense by a com- 
munication received from an external object, 
trigeminal i., the depression in the temporal 
bone for the gasserian ganglion. 
improcreant (im-pro'kre-ant). Unable to pro- 
create. 
impulse (im'puls). 1. A sudden pushing force. 
2. A sudden uncontrollable determination to act. 
imputability (im-pu-tab-il'it-e). Soundness of 
mind; unimpaired responsibility. 
im-pyeng (im'pi-eng). See 'collapsing typhus, 
under typhus. 
I. M. S. Abbreviation for Indian Medical Service. 
In. The symbol for indium. 
in. Abbreviation for inch. 
in- [L. in in, into]. 1. A prefix signifying in, within, 
or into. 2 A negative or privative prefix. 
inacidity (in-as-id'it-e). Absence of acidity, 
inaction (in-ak'shun) [L. in not + actio act]. 
Imperfect response to a normal stimulus. 
inactivate (in-ak'tiv-at). To render inactive; to 
destroy the activity of. inactivation (in-ak-tiv-a'shun). The destruction 
of the activity of a serum by the action of heat or 
other means, i. of the complement is usually 
produced by heating the serum to 56° C. for 
fifteen to thirty minutes. 
inactose (in-ak'tos). A variety of optically inac- 
tive plant sugar. 
inadequacy (in-ad'ek-was-e) [L. in not + ada- 
qua're to make equal]. Inability to perform an 
alloted function; insufficiency. cardiac i., 
mitral i., renal i., etc. See under insufficiency. 
inaemia (in-e'me-ah). Inemia. 
inalimental (in"al-im-en'tal) [L. in not + ali- 
men'tum food]. Not nutritious; not serviceable 
as food. 
inanimate (in-an'im-at) [L. in not + anima'tus 
alive], 1. Without life. 2. Lacking in animation. 
inanition (in-an-ish'un) [L. ina'nis empty]. Wast- 
ing of the body from lack of food. 
inankyloglossia (in-ang"kil-o-glos'e-ah). An 
immovable condition of the tongue, congenital or 
acquired. 
inappetence (in-ap'et-ens) [L. in not + appet'- 
ere to desire]. Lack of desire or appetite. 
inarticulate (in-ar-tik'u-lat) [L. in not + articu- 
la'tus joined]. Not uttered like articulate speech. 
in articulo mortis (in ar-tik'u-lo mor'tis) [L.]. 
At the very point of death. 
inassimilable (in-as-im'il-ah-bl) [L. in not + 
assimilable}. Not susceptible of being utilized 
as nutriment. 
inaxon (in-ak'son) [Gr. Is fiber + axis]. A 
nerve-cell whose axis-cylinder has its arboriza- 
tion at a considerable distance from the cell. See 
dendraxon. 
inborn (in'born). Formed or implanted during 
intra-uterine life. 
inbreeding (in'bre-ding). Breeding of animals 
who have the same parents or near ancestors. 
incallosal (in-kal o'sal). Characterized by ab- 
sence of the corpus callosum, and usually by con- 
sequent idiocy. 
incandescent (in-kan-des'ent) [L. incandes'cens 
glowing]. Glowing with heat and light. 
incarcerated (in-kar'ser-a-ted) [L. incarcera'tus 
imprisoned]. Imprisoned; held fast; constricted. 
incarceration (in"kar-ser-a'shun) [L. in in + can- 
cer prison]. Unnatural retention or confinement 
of.a part. 
incarial (in-ka're-al). Pertaining to or charac- 
teristic of the Incas in Peru or of the Peruvian 
race. i. bone. See under bone. 
incarnant (in-kar'nant) [L. incarna're to make 
flesh]. Promoting the granulation- of wounds; 
an agent that promotes granulation. 
incarnative (in-kar'na-tiv) [L. incarna're to make 
flesh]. 1. Promoting the formation of granula- 
tions. 2. An agent or medicine that promotes 
granulations. 
incasement (in-kas'ment). See evolution (3d def.). 
incident (in'si-dent) [L. in'cidens falling upon], 1. 
Falling or striking upon. 2. Same as afferent. 
incineration (in-sin-er-a'shun) [L. in into + 
cin'eres ashes]. The act of burning to ashes; 
cremation. 
incipient (in-sip'e-ent). Beginning to exist; 
coming into existence. 
incisal (in-si'zal). Cutting, as, the incisal edge of a 
tooth. 
incised (in-sizd') [L. inci'sus}. Cut; made by 
cutting. 
incision (in-sizh'un) [L. incis'io}. 1. A cut or 
wound. 2. The act of cutting. Auvray i., an 
enlarged incision for splenectomy: the usual incision 
is made along the outer border of the left rectus 
muscle and up to the costal cartilages; this is ex- 
tended upward and posteriorly over the lower ribs 
INACTIVATION 
541 
to the level of the eighth interspace. Bar's i., 
an incision for cesarean section made in the middle 
line of the abdomen above the umbilicus, the ute- 
rus being incised longitudinally. Battle-Jala- 
guier- Kammerer i., incision for abdominal 
section, consisting of a vertical incision of the skin 
and fascia, vertical division of the anterior layer of 
the sheath of the rectus, with retraction of the 
rectus inward, vertical division of the posterior 
layer of the rectal sheath nearer the median line, 
together with the subserous areolar tissue and peri- 
toneum: used in quiescent stage of appendicitis 
and in some operations on the stomach, liver, and 
gall-bladder. Bergmann's i., an incision for 
exposing the kidney, made from the outer border 
of the erector spinae at the level of the twelfth rib, 
toward the junction of the outer and middle third 
of Poupart's ligament. Bevan's i., a vertical one 
along the outer edge of the right rectus muscle: for 
exposing the gall-bladder, celiotomy i., an 
incision made through the abdominal wall to give 
access to the peritoneal cavity, confirmatory 
i., an incision into an organ made for the purpose 
of confirming a diagnosis, crucial i., a cross- 
shaped incision. Deaver's i. (Jor appendicitis), 
incision through the sheath of the right rectus 
muscle, the muscle being then pushed inward. 
Fergusson's i., an incision for excision of 
the upper jaw. It runs along the junction of 
the nose with the cheek, around the ala of the 
nose to the median line, and descends to bisect 
the upper lip. Fowler's angular i., an incision 
for anterolateral abdominal section. hockey- 
Stick i. See Meyer's hockey-stick i. Kehr's i., 
an abdominal incision for opening up a wide field. 
It extends from the xiphoid cartilage to the um- 
bilicus in the median line, and obliquely downward 
to the right or left of the umbilicus, and again 
vertically downward. Kiistner's i., a semi- 
lunar abdominal incision with the concavity above, 
through the fat above the symphysis pubis, 
following one of the natural folds of the skin. 
The upper flap is detached from the aponeurosis 
of the external oblique, and then the usual incision 
is made parallel to the rectus muscle. Langen- 
beck's i., an abdominal incision through the 
linea semilunaris parallel to the fibers of the 
rectus abdominis muscle: used for operations on 
the kidney, spleen, colon, tail of pancreas, etc. 
Longuet's i. See Longuet's operation, under 
operation. Mackenrodt's i., a transverse semi- 
lunar abdominal incision, the lowest point of which 
is about 2 cm. above the pubes. McBurney's i., 
an abdominal incision parallel to the fibers of the 
external oblique muscle and about i inch from the 
anterior-superior spine of the ilium. The skin 
and subcutaneous fat are incised down to the 
external oblique, the fibers of which are split; the 
internal oblique is exposed, its fibers, along with 
those of the transversalis, being split and separated. 
Meyer's hockey-stick i., an incision for enter- 
ing the lower anterior abdominal cavity, partly 
by intramuscular separation, partly by transverse 
division of muscle, by an incision shaped some- 
what like a hockey-stick: used in complicated 
appendicitis. Parker's i., an incision over the 
area of dulness in appendiceal abscess, extending 
nearly parallel with Poupart's ligament. Pfan- 
nenstiel's i., an abdominal incision, consisting 
of a curved incision, the convexity directed down- 
ward, just above the symphysis, passing through 
skin, superficial fascia, and aponeurosis, exposing 
the pyramidalis and recti muscles, which muscles 
are separated from each other in the median line, 
the peritoneum being opened vertically, relief-i., 
a cut made to relieve tension in a part. Vischer's 
lumbo-iliac i., separation of the muscular and 
tendinous fibers of the abdominal muscles of the 
lumbo-iliac region, just above the center of the 
iliac crest, in their cleavage lines, without trans- 
verse division of the muscle-fibers or harm to the 
abdominal nerves. Wilde's i., exposure of the 
mastoid process by an incision behind the auricle, 
INCISION INCISIVE 
542 
INCUBATION 
the bone being opened if necessary: done for mas- 
toid abscess. 
incisive (in-si'siv) [L. incisi'vus]. 1. Having the 
power or quality of cutting. 2. Pertaining to 
the incisor teeth. 
incisor (in-si'sor) [L. incid'ere to cut into]. Any one 
of the four front teeth of either jaw. 
incisura (in-sis-u'rah), pl. incisu'rae [L.]. A cut, 
notch, or incision, i. acetab'uli [B N A], the 
cotyloid notch, i. ap'icis cor'dis [B N A], a notch 
in the lower part of the anterior border of the left 
lung. i. cardi'aca [B N A], the cardiac notch, 
i. cartilag'inis mea tus acus'tici exter'ni 
santori'ni [B N A]. Same as i. santorini. i. 
cerebel'li ante'rior [B N A], the notch between 
the hemispheres of the cerebellum in front, i. 
cerebel'li posterior [B N A], the notch that 
separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum be- 
hind. i. clavicula'ris [B N A], the clavicular 
notch, incisu'rae costa'les, the notches at the 
sides of the sternum for the ends of the ribs. i. 
ethmoida'lis [B N A], the ethmoid notch, i. 
fibula'ris [B N A], the fibular notch, i. fronta'- 
lis [B N A], the frontal notch, i. interloba'ris, 
the deep notch or space between the lobes of the 
lungs, i. intertrag'ica [B N A], the notch be- 
tween the tragus and antitragus, i. ischiad'ica 
ma'jor [B N A], the great sacrosciatic notch i. 
ischiad'ica mi'nor [B N A], the lesser sacro- 
sciatic notch, i. jugula'ris [B N A], the inter- 
clavicular notch, i. lacrima'lis [B N A], the 
lacrimal notch, i. mandib'ulae [B N A], the 
sigmoid notch, i. mastoi'dea [B N A], the di- 
gastric fossa, i. nasa'lis [B N A], the nasal 
notch, i. pal'lii transver'sa, the space between 
the cerebrum and cerebellum into which the ten- 
torium dips. i. pancrea'tis [B N A], the pan- 
creatic notch, i. parieta'lis [B N A], the parietal 
notch, i. radia'lis [BNA], the lesser sigmoid 
cavity of the ulna. i. rivi'ni, the notch of the 
superior edge of the inner end of the external au- 
ditory meatus, i. santori'ni, either of the two 
fissures in the cartilaginous part of the external 
auditory meatus, i. scap ulae [B N A], the supra- 
scapular notch, i. scapula'ris, the greater sig- 
moid cavity, i. semiluna ris [B N A], the 
greater sigmoid cavity, i. sphenopalati'na 
[B N A], the sphenopalatine notch, i. supra- 
orb ita'lis [B N A], the supra-orbital notch, i. 
tento'rii [BNA], the pacchionian foramen, i. 
tympan'ica [rivi'ni]. Same as i. rivini. i. 
ulna'ris [B N A], the sigmoid cavity of the ulna, 
i. umbilica'lis [B N A], the anterior notch of the 
liver, i. vertebra'lis [B N A], the intervertebral 
notch. 
incisure (in-si'zhur) [L. incisu'ra}. A notch or 
slash, i's of Lantermann, i's of Schmidt, 
oblique lines or slashes on the sheaths of medul- 
lated nerve-fibers. Rivinus' i. See Rivinus' 
notch, under notch. 
inclination (in-klin-a'shun). In dentistry, the 
deviation of a tooth from the vertical. It is distin- 
guished in direction as distal, lingual, and mesial. 
inclinometer (in-kli-nom'et-er). An instrument 
for determining the ocular diameter. 
inclusion (in-klu'zhun) [L. inclu'sio], The act of 
inclosing or condition. of being inclosed; that 
which is inclosed, cell i., any foriegn substance in- 
cluded within a cell, such as starch, yolk, or objects 
picked up. fetal i., a form of monstrosity in 
which one twin is inclosed within another, leuko- 
cyte i's. See Dohle's inclusion bodies, under body. 
incoercible (in-ko-er'sib-1). Uncontrollable; that 
cannot be overcome. 
incoherent (in-ko-her'ent) [L. in not + coha/ere 
to cling together]. Without proper sequence; 
incongruous. 
incompatibility (in"kom-pat-ib-il'it-e). The qual- 
ity of being incompatible, chemic i., the quality 
of not being miscible with another given sub- 
stance without a chemic change, physiologic 
i., the quality of not being administrable with 
another given remedy on account of their antag- 
onistic effects, therapeutic i., opposition in 
therapeutic effect between two or more medi- 
cines. 
incompatible (in-kom-pat'ib-1) [L. incompatib'ilis}. 
Not suitable for combination or simultaneous ad- 
ministration; mutually repellent. 
incompensation (in"kom-pen-sa'shun). Lack of 
compensation. 
incompetence, incompetency (in-kom'pet-ens, 
in-kom'pet-en-se) [L. in not + com'petens suffi- 
cient]. Inadequacy or insufficiency, aortic i. 
See aortic insufficiency, under insufficiency, i. of 
the cardiac valves, a defective condition of the 
valves of the heart in which they allow the return 
of blood by them when closed, ileocecal i., 
inability of the ileocecal valve to prevent th- 
flow of material from the colon to the ileum, muse 
cular i., incompetence of a cardiac valve due to 
defective action of the papillary muscles, pyloric 
i., passage of undigested food into the intestine, 
relative i., defective closure of a cardiac valve 
due to dilatation of the corresponding cavity of the 
heart, valvular i. See inadequacy. 
incompressible (in-kom-pres'ib-1). Not suscepti- 
ble of being squeezed together. 
incontinence (in-kon'tin-ens) [L. incontinen'tia}. 
i. Inability to restrain a natural discharge. 2. 
Lack of self-control, especially with regard to 
sexual indulgence, active i., incontinence in 
which the bowels or bladder are emptied involun- 
tarily, but at regular intervals and in the normal 
way. intermittent i., loss of control of the 
urine on a sudden movement or on pressure on the 
bladder, due to interruption of the voluntary path 
above the lumbar center, i. of milk, galactor- 
rhea. overflow-i., that which is due to pressure 
of retained urine in the bladder, paralytic i., 
continuous dribbling of the urine and feces, due 
to relaxation of the sphincters from destruction 
of the lumbar centers, passive i., incontinence 
of urine in which the bladder is full and cannot be 
emptied in the normal way, but the urine dribbles 
away from mere pressure, i. of urine, enuresis. 
incontinentia (in-kon-tin-en'she-ah). Incon- 
tinence. i. al'vi, incontinence of the feces i 
uri'nae, constant and involuntary dribbling of the 
urine. 
incoordination (in"ko-or-din-a'shun) [L. in not 
+ coordination}. Lack of the normal adjustment 
of muscular motions; failure of organs to work 
harmoniously, jerky i., that which leads to 
great and sudden irregularity of movement. 
incorporation (in'^kor-po-ra'shun) [L. in into + 
co/pus body]. The thorough union of one sub- 
stance with another, or with others, in a composite 
mass. 
increment (in'kre-ment) [L. incremen' turn]. That 
by which anything is increased; increase, or aug- 
mentative growth. 
incretion (in-kre'shun),. An internal secretion; an 
endocrine negative i., an internal secretion 
which does not act as a hormone, but is supposed 
to act as a neutralizer of poisonous substances cir- 
culating in the blood. 
incretory (in'kre-to-re). Pertaining to internal 
secretion; endocrine 
incrustation (in-krus-ta'shun) [L. in not + crus'ta 
crust]. The formation of a crust; a crust, scale, 
or scab. 
incubate (in'ku-bat). To place a culture in an ap- 
paratus which will keep it at a constant optimum 
temperature, so as to secure the maximum growth 
of bacteria. 
incubation (in-ku-ba'shun) [L. incuba'tio}. i, The 
period between the implanting of an infectious 
disease and its manifestation. 2. The keeping of 
a culture of bacteria or protozoa in an incu- 
bator to facilitate development. 3. In Greek 
medicine, the rite of sleeping in the /Esculapian INCUBATOR 
543 
INDEX 
temples, medical advice being rendered in a dream, 
or by the priests, if patients waked. 
incubator (in'ku-ba-tor). i. An apparatus for 
rearing prematurely born children; a couveuse. 
2. An apparatus for maintaining cultures at a 
uniform temperature so as to secure the proper 
growth of the bacteria. 
incubus (in'ku-bus) [L.]. i. A nightmare. 2. A 
heavy mental burden. 
incudal (in'ku-dal) [L. in'cus anvil]. Pertaining 
to the incus. 
incudectomy (in-ku-dek'to-me) [L. in'cus anvil 4- 
Gr. eKrouq excision]. Surgical removal of the 
incus. 
incudiform (in-ku'dif-orm). Anvil-shaped. 
incudius (in-ku'de-us). The laxator tympani 
muscle. 
incudomalleal (in"ku-do-mal'e-al). Pertaining to 
the incus and malleus. 
incudostapedial (in"ku-do-sta-pe'de-al). Pertain- 
ing to the incus and stapes. 
incurable (in-ku'rab-1). Not susceptible of being 
cured. 
incurvation (in-kur-va'shun) [L. incurva're to bend 
in]. A condition of being bent in. 
incus (ing'kus) [L. ."anvil"]. The anvil-shaped 
ossicle of the middle ear. 
incwadi (ink-wah'de). The bulbous-rooted plant, 
Bu'phane distich'ia, of South Africa: it affords an 
arrow-poison. 
In d., in d. Abbreviation for L. in di'es, daily. 
indagation (in-dag-a'shun) [L. indaga'tio]. A 
careful search, inquiry, or examination. 
indenization (in-den-iz-a'shun). Same as innidia- 
tion. 
indentation (in-den-ta'shun) [L. indenta'tio; dens 
tooth]. 1. A condition of being notched; a notch, 
pit, or depression. 2. The act of indenting, as 
with the finger. 
index (in'deks), pl. in'dices [L.]. i. The first or 
forefinger. 2. The numeric ratio of measure- . 
ment of any part in comparison with a fixed or 
assumed standard, acidosis i., a number repre- 
senting the degree of intensity of a case of acidosis, 
altitudinal i., the relation of the cranial height 
to the cranial length; called also height index and 
length-height i. alveolar i., the degree of promi- 
nence of the jaws; the distance from the basion to 
the front of the jaw expressed as a percentage of the 
distance from the basion to the midpoint of the 
nasal suture. Called also gnathic i. antitryptic 
i., a number representing the increased viscosity of 
a solution of casein treated with trypsin to which 
the blood-serum of a cancer patient has been added, 
as compared with the viscosity after the same pro- 
cedure in which the blood-serum is normal, au- 
ricular i., the relation of the width to the 
height of the auricle, auriculoparietal i., the 
ratio of the breadth of the skull between the 
auricular points to its greatest breadth, auricu- 
lovertical i., the ratio of the height of the skull 
above the auricular point to its greatest height, 
basilar i., the ratio of the distance between the 
basion and the alveolar point to the total length 
of the skull, calcium i., the relative amount of 
calcium in the blood as compared to that in a 1: 
6000 solution of calcium oxid. cardiothoracic 
i., the size of the heart in relation to the size of the 
chest, being the greatest transverse diameter of the 
heart shadow as compared to the greatest trans- 
verse diameter of the chest shadow on radioscopy, 
cephalic i., the number found by multiplying 
the cranial breadth by 100 and dividing by the 
cranial length, cephalo-orbital i., the number 
obtained by multiplying the capacity of the 
cranium by 100 and dividing by the capacity of 
the two orbits, cerebral i., the ratio of the 
greatest transverse to the greatest anteroposterior 
diameter of the cranial cavity, color i., the rela- 
tive amount of hemoglobin contained in a red 
blood-corpuscle, coronofrontal i., the ratio of 
the greatest frontal to the greatest coronal breadth 
of the head, cranial i. Same as cephalic i. 
cytophagic i., the relative phagocytic power of 
leukocytes from a given source, as compared with 
that of leukocytes from a different source used 
as a standard, dental i., the result obtained by 
multiplying the dental length by 100 and dividing 
by the length of the basinasal line, empathic i., 
the degree of empathy felt by one person toward 
another, endemic i., the percentage of children 
in any locality affected with an endemic disease, 
facial i., the relation of the length of the face to- 
its width, obtained by multiplying by 100 the dis- 
tance from the alveolar point to the ophryon and 
dividing this product by the bizygomatic width. 
Flower's i., dental index. Fourmentin's 
thoracic i., the number obtained by multiplying 
the transverse diameter of the thorax by 100 and 
dividing by the anteroposterior diameter, gna- 
thic i. See alveolar i. gono-opsonic i., the 
opsonic index in relation with gonococcus infection, 
hematopneic i., a figure denoting the intensity 
of blood oxygenation, hemophagocytic i., the 
relative phagocytic power of the entire blood, in- 
cluding both leukocytes and serum. Called also 
opsonocytophagic i. hemorenal i., the ratio of 
the amount of inorganic salts in the urine to that 
in the blood. It is obtained by dividing the elec- 
tric resistance of the blood by that of the urine. 
The quotient obtained by dividing the former by 
the latter is the hemorenal index, length- 
breadth i., the height of the skull expressed as a 
percentage of its length, length-height i., the 
height of the skull expressed as a percentage of its 
length. Lennhoff's i., the relation of the dis- 
tance between the sternal notch and the pubic 
symphysis to the greatest circumference of the- 
abdomen. McLean's i. See McLean's formula, 
under formula, i.-movement, a compulsory 
movement in which an animal turns round and 
round, nasal i., the number obtained by mul- 
tiplying the nasal width by 100 and dividing by 
the nasal height, opsonic i., the Resisting; 
power of the blood against bacteria, as compared 
to the normal-i. e., the relation between the 
opsonins present in the blood-serum of a patient, 
as compared to the normal individual, opsono- 
cytophagic i. See hemophagocytic i. orbital 
i., the relation of the height of the orbit to its. 
width, palatal i., palatine i., palato- 
maxillary i., the number obtained by multiply- 
ing the palatomaxillary width by 100 and dividing 
by the palatomaxillary length, pelvic i., the 
ratio of the conjugate and transverse diameters 
of the pelvis, percentage i., the percentage of 
leukocytes in the blood which are phagocytic, 
phagocytic i. i. The average number of bac- 
teria ingested per leukocyte of a patient's blood. 
2. {Of Arneth.) The proportion in the blood of 
multinuclear neutrophile leukocytes with nuclei 
having three or more lobes, refractive i., the 
coefficient of refraction, sacral i., the number 
obtained by multiplying the breadth of the sa- 
crum by 100 and dividing by the length, splanch- 
noptotic i., the distance of the jugulum from the 
upper margin of the pubic symphysis divided by 
the minimal circumference of the abdomen, and 
the quotient being multiplied by 100. Staph- 
ylo-opsonic i., the opsonic index in staphylo- 
coccic infection, stephanozygomatic i., the 
relation of the interstephanic and bizygomatic 
diameters, thoracic i., the ratio of the antero- 
posterior diameter of the thorax to the transverse 
diameter, tibiofemoral i., the ratio of the 
length of the tibia to that of the femur, tuber- 
culo-opsonic i., the opsonic index in tuber- 
culous infection. urea i. See Ambard's formula 
and McLean's formula, under formula, ureo- 
secretory i. Same as Ambard's formula. See 
under formula, uricolytic i., the percentage of 
uric acid which is oxidized to allantoin before being INDIAN HEMP 
544 
INDOXYLURIA 
secreted, vertical i., the number obtained 
by multiplying the height of the skull by 100 and 
dividing by the length, volume i., the index in- 
dicating the size of an erythrocyte as compared with 
the normal, zygomatico-auricular i., the ra- 
tio between the zygomatic and auricular diame- 
ters of the skull. 
Indian hemp (in'de-an hemp). See Cannabis and 
Apocynum. 
Indian tobacco (in'de-an). See Lobelia. 
india-rubber (in"de-ah-rub'er). See caoutchouc. 
indican (in'dik-an). 1. A yellow glucosid, C14H17- 
OcN, from the plants that yield indigo. On hy- 
drolysis it yields glucose and indoxyl. 2. Potassium 
indoxyl sulphate, C6H4.NH.CH.CO.SO2.OK, 
formed by decomposition of tryptophan in the 
intestines and found in the urine. 
indicanemia (in-dik-an-e'me-ah) [indican + Gr. 
alpa blood]. The presence of indican in the blood. 
indicanhidrosis, indicanidrosis (in-dik-an-id- 
ro'sis) [indican + Gr. v6wp water or I8pus sweat]. 
Blue sweat. 
indicanmeter (in'dik-an-me-ter). An instrument 
for estimating the amount of indican in the urine. 
indicant (in'dik-ant). 1. Indicating. 2. A symp- 
tom which indicates the true diagnosis or treat- 
ment. 
indicanuria (in"dik-an-u're-ah) [indican 4- Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence in the urine of indi- 
can in excessive quantity. It occurs in chronic 
constipation, intestinal indigestion, epilepsy, and 
neurasthenia. 
indicatio (in-dik-a'she-o) [L.]. Same as indication. 
i. causa'lis, an indication as to the treatment 
of a disease afforded by its cause, i. mor'bi, 
an indication as to treatment afforded by the 
nature of the morbid processes observed, i. 
symptomat'ica, an indication as to disease 
afforded by the symptoms that may arise. 
indication (in-dik-a'shun) [L. indica'tio], A sign 
or circumstance which points to or shows the 
cause, pathology, treatment, or issue of an attack 
of disease; that which points out; that which 
serves as a guide or warning. 
indicator (in'dik-a-tor) [L.]. 1. The forefinger; 
index-finger. 2. The extensor indicis muscle. 
3. Any substance which, when added in small quan- 
tities, shows the appearance or disappearance of a 
chemical individual, by a conspicuous change of 
color, anaerobic i., a dilute solution of methyl- 
ene-blue is decolorized in the absence of oxygen. 
Andrade's i., a solution of acid fuchsin, 0.5 
gm. in 100 c.c. of water, which is decolorized to a 
yellow color by sodium hydrate solution. This is 
added to sugar bouillon culture-medium. An acid- 
producing organism cultivated on this bouillon 
turns the medium magenta red. 
indicophose (in'dik-o-foz). An indigo-colored 
phose. 
Indiella (in-de-el'ah). A genus of fungi several 
species of which (I. manso'ni, I. regnie'ri) cause 
white mycetoma. 
indifferent (in-dif'er-ent) [L. indifferens]. Not 
tencjing one way or another; neutral; having no 
preponderating affinity. 
indigenous (in-dij'en-us) [L. indig'enus]. Native, 
or not exotic; native to a particular place or 
country. 
indigestible (in-dij-es'tib-1) [in- neg. + digest- 
ible]. Not susceptible of being digested. 
indigestion (in-dij-es'tshun). Lack or failure of 
digestion, acid i., hyperchlorhydria. gastric 
i. See dyspepsia, intestinal i., imperfect per- 
formance of the digestive function of the intestine, 
nervous i., nervous dyspepsia. See under 
dyspepsia, psychic i., digestive disturbance due 
to psychic or mental disquietude. 
indigitation (in-dij-it-a'shun) [L. in into + dig'itus 
finger]. Intussusception or invagination. 
indiglucin (in-di-glu'sin). A sugar formed to- 
gether with indigo on the decomposition of indi- 
can. 
indig'O (in'dig-o) [Gr. IvSikov Indian dye]. A blue 
dyeing material, C16H1oN202, from various legu- 
minous and other plants, as Indigo'fera tincto'ria, 
etc.; also made synthetically. It is found in the 
sweat and the urine, being derived from the indican. 
It has been used for epilepsy, etc. Dose, 20-60 gr. 
(1.333-4 gm.), i.-blue. See indigotin, i.-red. 
See indoxyl-red. 
indigocarmin (in"dig-o-kar'min). Potassium and 
sodium sulphindigotate : used as a histologic stain 
and as a test for sugar. 
indigogen (in'dig-o-jen). A crystalline principle 
from indigo. 
indigopurpurin (in"dig-o-pur'pu-rin). A purple 
pigment occasionally found in the urine. 
indigotin (in-dig-o'tin). A blue pigment, C16H10- 
N2O2, the principal ingredient of commercial 
indigo. Called also indigo-blue. 
indigouria, indiguria (in-dig-o-u're-ah, in-dig- 
u're-ah) [indigo + Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence 
of indigo in the urine. 
indirect (in-dir-ekt') [L. indir ec'tus]. 1. Not im- 
mediate or straight. 2. Acting through an inter- 
mediary agent. 
indirubin (in-di-ru'bin). A red pigment occa- 
sionally found in the urine. 
indiscriminate (in-dis-krim'in-at) [L. in not + 
discri'men distinction]. Affecting various parts; 
as, indiscriminate lesions. 
indisposition (in"dis-po-zish'un). The condition 
of being slightly ill; a slight illness. 
indium (in'de-um) [L. in'dicum indigo], A rare 
soft metal resembling lead; atomic weight, 114.8; 
symbol, In; named from its blue line in the 
spectrum. Its use in medicine is mainly homeo- 
pathic. 
indococcus (in-do-kok'us). A micrococcus occur- 
ring in the mouth. It gives a blue color with iodin. 
indoform (in'do-form). A white powder, salicylic 
acid methylene acetate, formed by the action of 
formaldehyd on acetyl-salicylic acid. 
indol (in'dol). A crystallizable body, C8H7N, from 
indigo, and from the decomposition of tryplophan, 
in the intestines: it is also found in cultures of the 
spirillum of cholera. It gives part of their pecu- 
liar odor to the feces, and in intestinal obstruc- 
tion causes an accumulation of indol in the in- 
testine: it is found in large quantities in the 
urine. 
indolaceturia (in"do-las-e-tu're-ah). The presence 
of indolacetic acid in the urine. It is usually 
associated with pathologic conditions of the in- 
testinal tract. 
indolent (in'do-lent) [L. in not + do'lens painful]. 
Causing little pain, as, an indolent tumor. 
indologenous (in-do-loj'en-us) [indol + Gr. yev- 
to produce]. Causing the formation of indol. 
indophenol-oxydase (in-do-fe"nol-oks'id-as). An 
oxidizing ferment occurring in the pancreas, 
salivary glands, spleen, bone-marrow, and thymus, 
whose action is to influence the formation of 
indophenol in the body. 
indoxyl (in-doks'il) [Gr. Iv8lkov indigo + o^vs sharp]. 
An oily substance, oxyindol, C8H7NO, soluble in 
water, existing normally in the urine of some 
persons and formed by decomposition of tryp- 
tophan. i.-red, a red coloring-matter formed by 
heating to 1300 C. an aqueous solution of indoxyl. 
Called also indigo-red. 
indoxyl-sulphates (in-doks"il-sul'fats). Com- 
pounds found in the urine in some cases where 
great putrefactive changes are occurring in the 
intestine. 
indoxyluria (in"doks-il-u're-ah) [indoxyl + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of an excess of in- 
doxyl in the urine. INDUCED 
545 
INFECTION 
induced (in-dust') [L. indu'cere to lead in], i. 
Produced artificially. 2. Produced by induction. 
induction (in-duk'shun) [L. indue'tio]. 1. The 
act or process of inducing or causing to occur. 
2. The generation of electric phenomena in a body 
by the influence of an electrified body near it. 
inductogram (in-duk'to-gram). Same as skia- 
graph. 
inductorium (in-duk-to're-um). An apparatus for 
generating currents of induced electricity. 
indulin (in'du-lin). A coal-tar dye, used as a his- 
tologic stain. 
indulinophil (in-du-lin'o-fil) [indulin + Gr. 
to love]. Stainable with indulin. 
indurated (in'du-ra-ted) [L. in not + du'rus hard]. 
Hardened; rendered hard. 
induration (in-du-ra'shun) [L. indura'tio]. 1. 
The quality of being hard; the process of hard- 
ening. 2. An abnormally hard spot or place, 
black i., the hardening and pigmentation of 
lung tissue seen in pneumonia, brown i. 1. A 
deposit of altered blood-pigment in the lung in 
pneumonia. 2. Marked increase of the connec- 
tive tissue of the lung and excessive pigmenta- 
tion, due to long-continued congestion from 
valvular heart disease or to anthracosis. cyan- 
otic i., a congested, dense, and purple state of the 
kidney in which the blood-current is slowed and 
the transudation of fluid through the glomeruli 
is impeded, fibroid i., cirrhosis. Froriep's i., 
myositis fibrosa, granular i., cirrhosis, gray 
i., an induration of lung tissue in or after pneu- 
monia, without pigmentation, laminate i., a 
thin layer of round-cell infiltration of the cori'im 
in chancre, parchment i. Same as laminate i. 
red i., interstitial pneumonia in which the lung 
is red and congested. 
indurative (in'du-ra-tiv). Pertaining to or marked 
by induration. 
indusium gris'eum (in-du'ze-um). The thin 
layer of gray matter above the corpus callosum, 
seen on horizontal transsection of the cerebrum. 
inebriant (in-e'bre-ant) [L. ine'brius drunken], 1. 
Causing intoxication. 2. An intoxicating agent. 
inebriation (in-e-bre-a'shun) [L. inebria'tio]. The 
condition of being drunk. 
inebriety (in-e-bri'et-e) [L. in intensive + ebri'- 
etas drunkenness]. Habitual drunkenness. 
inemia, inaemia (in-e'me-ah) [Gr. 1$ fiber + at/xa 
blood]. The presence of fibrin in the blood. 
inert (in-ert'). Having no action. 
inertia (in-er'she-ah) [L.]. Inactivity; inability to 
move spontaneously, i. u'teri, sluggishness of 
the uterine contractions during labor. 
in extremis (in ex-tre'mis) [L.]. At the very 
point of death. 
Inf. Abbreviation for L. infun'de, pour in. 
infant (in'fant) [L. in'fans]. A babe or young 
child. 
infanticide (in-fan'tis-id) [L. in'fans infant + 
cad'ere to kill]. The murder or the murderer of 
an infant. 
infantile (in'fan-til) [L. infan'tilis]. Pertaining 
to an infant or to infancy. 
infantilism (in-fant'il-izm). A condition in which 
the characters of childhood persist in adult life. 
It is marked by mental retardation, underdevelop- 
ment of the sexual organs, and often, but not al- 
ways, by dwarfness of stature. Cf. ateliosis and 
progeria, angioplastic i., infantilism attributed 
to defective development of the vascular system. 
Brissaud's i., dysthyroidal infantilism, cach- 
ectic i., infantilism due to chronic infection or 
poisoning, celiac i., infantilism resulting from 
celiac disease, dysthyroidal i., infantilism due 
to defective thyroid activity, hepatic i., infant- 
ilism associated with hepatic cirrhosis. Herter's 
i., intestinal infantilism, idiopathic i., a form of 
arrested development of unknown causation, 
intestinal i., infantilism due to chronic in- 
testinal disorder; a condition in children of arrested 
development, the child being well formed, but not 
growing or gaining in weight. The appetite is 
good, the stools are large and fatty, and there are 
frequent attacks of diarrhea. The urine shows an 
excess of putrefactive products of intestinal origin, 
and the flora of the intestine consists of Gram- 
positive organisms, lymphatic i., infantilism 
associated with lymphatism. myxedematous 
i., cretinism, pancreatic i., infantilism that is 
marked by defective pancreatic action, par- 
tial i., arrested development of a single part 
or tissue, renal i., infantilism due to dis- 
order of the renal function, reversive i., 
infantilism beginning after bodily growth has 
been completed, symptomatic i., infantilism 
due to general defective development of tissues, 
tardy i., reversive infantilism, toxemic i., 
intestinal infantilism, universal i., general 
dwarfishness in stature with absence of the second- 
ary sexual characteristics. 
infantorium (in-fan-to're-um). A hospital for the 
newborn and young infants. 
infarct (in'farkt) [L. infarc'tus]. A mass of sub- 
stance extravasated either into the substance of 
an organ or into a vessel, due to the obstruc- 
tion to the circulation, anemic i., an area of 
necrosis in a tissue produced by sudden arrest of 
circulation in a vessel, calcareous i., a deposit 
of calcium salt in the tissues, hemorrhagic i., 
one caused by extravasation following arrest of the 
circulation of the blood, pale i. Same as 
anemic i. red i., a red, swollen area the seat of 
extravasated blood, uric-acid i., a deposit of 
uric-acid crystals in the renal tubules of the new- 
born. white i. Same as anemic i. 
infarction (in-fark'shun) [L. infarci're to stuff in]. 
The formation of an infarct; also the infarct 
itself, anemic i., that in which there is no 
hemorrhage, and the necrosed tissue is of a light 
color. Called also white i. calcareous i., the 
deposit of calcium phosphate or carbonate in 
the connective tissue of an organ, as the kidney, 
embolic i., a necrosed spot in the region of the 
distribution of an end-artery, due to its obstruc- 
tion by an embolus, hemorrhagic i., one in 
which the tissues are reddened by hemorrhage. 
infecting (in-fek'ting). Causing infection. 
infection (in-fek'shun). Invasion of the tissues of 
the body by living pathogenic organisms in such a 
way as to favor their growth and permit their toxins 
to injure the tissues, aerial i., infection through 
the air by means of dust-particles carrying infec- 
tion. agonal i., terminal infection, apical i., 
infection situated at the apex of the root of a tooth, 
i.-atrium, the point of entrance of an infection. 
COli-i., infection with Bacterium co'li commu'nis. 
consecutive i., septic infection implanted upon 
a morbid process already established, contact 
i. See direct i. cryptogenic i., bacterial infec- 
tion without discoverable wound for the entrance 
of an infective agent, direct i., infection pro- 
duced by contact with another person, droplet 
i., infection by means of small droplets of sputum 
which have been thrown into the air during talking 
or by coughing and sneezing and which remain 
suspended for some time, dust i., infection by 
bacteria which have become affixed to particles of 
dust, endogenous i., infection by the normal 
bacterial flora of the intestines which have become 
pathogenic, focal i., infection in which bacteria 
exist in circumscribed confined colonies in certain 
tissues, and from there are sent out into the blood- 
stream. The favorite sites of focal infection are 
the tonsils, peridental tissue, nasal sinuses, fallopian 
tubes, and prostate gland, germinal i., trans- 
mission of infection to the child by means of the 
egg cell or sperm cell of the parent, hand-borne 
i., infection carried on a person's hands, indirect 
i., infection transmitted by water, food, or other means of conveyance, latent i., a condition in 
which bacteria, though they have ceased to mul- 
tiply, remain alive in secluded parts of the body, 
mixed i., infection with more than one organism 
at the same time, obsidional i., an infection 
occurring in trench warfare (Sacqueepee, 1917). 
pyogenic i., any one of a group of local or general 
infections caused by the different pus-producing 
organisms, secondary i., infection by a bac- 
terium following an infection by a bacterium of 
another kind, septic i., true septicemia, simple 
i., infection by a single variety of microbe, ter- 
minal i., an acute infection occurring near the 
end of a disease and frequently causing death, 
water-borne i., infection transmitted by means 
of drinking-water. 
infectiosity (in-fek-she-os'it-e). The degree of 
infectiousness of a microbe. 
infectious (in-fek'shus). Liable to be communi- 
cated by infection. An infectious disease is one 
caused by parasites, such as bacteria, protozoa, or 
fungi, and it may or may not be contagious. 
infective (in-fek'tiv) [L. infecti'vus]. Of the nature 
of an infection; infectious. 
infecundity (in-fe-kun'dit-e) [L. infecun'ditas]. 
Sterility or barrenness. 
inf erent (in'fer-ent). Same as afferent. 
inferior (in-fe're-or) [L. "lower"; neut. infer'ius]. 
Situated or directed below. 
inferolateral (in"fer-o-lat'er-al) [L. in'ferus low 4- 
la'tus side]. Situated below and to one side. 
inferomedian (in"fer-o-me'de-an) [L. in'ferus low 
4- me'dius middle]. Situated in the middle of the 
under side. 
inferoposterior (in"fer-o-pos-te're-or). Situated 
below and behind. 
infertilitas (in-fer-til'it-as). Infertility or barren- 
ness. i. fem'inis, barrenness. 
infestation, infestment (in-fes-ta'shun, in- 
fest'ment). An invasion of animal parasites. 
infibulation (in-fib-u-la'shun) [L. in into 4- fiV- 
ula clasp]. The fastening of the prepuce or 
labia majora with clasps or stitches to prevent 
copulation. 
infiltrate (in-fil'trat). Material deposited by in- 
filtration. 
infiltration (in-fil-tra'shun) [L. in into + filtration], 
1. The accumulation in a tissue of substances 
not normal to it. 2. Any morbid condition of a 
tissue due to the presence of a substance not 
normal to it. adipose i., fatty infiltration; the 
abnormal diffusion of fat-globules and molecular 
fat throughout a tissue, albuminous i., amy- 
loid i., infiltration with amyloid substance, cal- 
careous i., a deposit of. lime and magnesium 
salts in the tissues, calcium i., a deposit of 
calcium salts within the tissues of the body, 
cellular i., an infiltration of round cells within 
the tissues, circumferential i., the formation 
of a wall of anesthetizing edema around an area to 
be operated upon, fatty i., a deposit of fat in 
the tissues; also the presence of fat-globules or 
oil in the cells, gelatinous i. Same as gray 
i. glycogenic i., the deposition of granules 
of glycogen in the cells, gray i., a condition 
of the lungs in acute tuberculosis in which, after 
death, they assume a gray appearance, in- 
flammatory i., that which is formed by an 
inflammatory exudation penetrating the in- 
terstices of a tissue, paraneural i., paraneu- 
ral anesthesia. See anesthesia, pigmentary i., 
an abnormal deposit of pigment in a tissue, puru- 
lent i., the presence of pus in the tissues, as in 
diffuse abscess, saline i., the deposit of mineral 
salts in a living tissue, sanguineous i., infiltra- 
tion with extravasated blood, serous i., the 
abnormal presence of lymph in a tissue, tu- 
berculous i., the formation of a group or of 
groups of tuberculous cells and bacilli in a tissue, 
urinous i., an extravasation of urine into a 
INFECTIOSITY 
546 
tissue, waxy i., the deposition of an amyloid 
substance in the tissues. 
infinite distance (in'fin-it). In ophthalmology, a 
distance of twenty feet or more: so called be- 
cause rays entering the eye from an object at 
that distance are practically as parallel as if they 
came from a point at infinite distance. 
infinity (in-fin'it-e). Same as infinite distance. 
infirm (in-firm') [L. infi/mis; in not 4- fir'mus 
strong]. Weak; feeble, as from disease or old 
age. 
infirmary (in-fir7ma-re) [L. infirma'rum]. A hos- 
pital or institution where sick or infirm persons 
are maintained or treated, camp i., a mobile 
military unit, officered by a sergeant of the hospital 
corps, designed to furnish dispensary facilities 
during field service or to become the nucleus of an 
immobile camp hospital when necessary. 
infirmity (in-fir'mit-e) [L. infi/mitas]. i. A 
feeble or weak state of the body or mind. 2. A 
disease or condition producing weakness. 
inflammation (in-flam-a'shun) [L. inflamma'tio; 
inflamma're to set on fire]. The condition into 
which tissues enter as a reaction to irritation 
(Adami). Inflammation is characterized by pain, 
heat, redness, and swelling, and histologically 
by hyperemia, stasis, changes in the blood and 
walls of the small vessels, and by various exuda- 
tions. acute i., one in which the processes are 
active, adhesive i., that which promotes the 
union of cut surfaces, atrophic i., a form which 
results in an organized exudate that contracts and 
leads to atrophy and deformity. Called also cir- 
rhotic i., fibroid i., sclerosing i. catarrhal i., 
one which affects principally a mucous surface, and 
which is marked by a discharge of mucopus and 
epithelial debris, chronic i., inflammation of 
slow progress and marked by the formation of new 
connective tissue, cirrhotic i. See atrophic 
i. croupous i., a fibrinous inflammation that 
leads to the formation of a false membrane, which 
is not diphtheric and is not known to be of a spe- 
cific nature, diffuse i., one that is both intersti- 
tial and parenchymatous; also one that is spread 
over a large area, disseminated i., one that has 
a number of distinct foci, exudative i., that in 
which the prominent feature is an exudate, fib- 
rinous i., one that produces an exudate of coag- 
ulated fibrin, fibroid i. See atrophic i. focal i., 
one that is confined to a single spot or to a set of 
limited spots, follicular i., a catarrhal inflam- 
mation which involves the follicles, gouty i., in- 
flammation due to gout, granulomatous i., 
chronic inflammation in which there is a formation 
of granulation tissue, breaking down into small 
abscesses, with formation of a fistulous tract. hy- 
perplastic 1., one which leads to the formation of 
new connective-tissue fibers. Called also plastic 
i., productive i., proliferous i. hypertrophic i., 
catarrhal inflammation which is marked by thick- 
ening of the submucous tissue, interstitial 
i., that which affects primarily the materials be- 
tween the essential structural elements, irri- 
table i., one attended by great irritation, leuko- 
cytal i., a condition of the spinal cord said to 
precede general myelitis, metastatic i., one 
that is reproduced in a distant part by the con- 
veyance of septic matter through the blood- 
vessels and lymph-organs, necrotic i., in- 
flammation attended by death of the affected 
tissue, obliterative i., inflammation of the 
lining membrane of a cavity, producing ad- 
hesions between the surfaces and consequent 
obliteration of the cavity. parenchyma- 
tous i., one that primarily affects the essen- 
tial tissue elements, plastic i., productive 
i., proliferous i. See hyperplastic i. reac- 
tive i., that which occurs around a foreign body 
or a focus of degeneration, rheumatic i., one 
that is due to exposure, etc. sclerosing i. See 
atrophic i. seroplastic i., that which is accompa- 
nied by both serous and plastic exudation, serous 
INFLAMMATION INFLAMMATORY 
547 
INFUNDIBULUM 
i., one which produces an exudation of serum. 
Simple i., that in which there is no flow of pus 
or other product of inflammation, specific i., 
one that is due to a special microorganism, sup- 
purative i., one that is characterized by the 
formation of pus. toxic i., one that is caused 
by a poison, such as a leukomain or a bacterial prod- 
uct. traumatic i., one that is caused by an 
injury, unhealthy i., one marked by a ten- 
dency to disorganization. 
inflammatory (in-flam'at-o-re). Pertaining to or 
characterized by inflammation. 
inflation (in-fla'shun) [L. in into + fla're to blow], 
1. Distention with air, gas, or a fluid. 2. The act 
of distending with air or with a gas. 
Inflator (in-fla'tor). An instrument for inflating 
any organ for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. 
inflection, inflexion (in-flek'shun) [L. inflex'io; 
in in + flee'tere to bend]. The act of bending 
inward or state of being bent inward. 
inflorescence (in-flo-res'ens). The structure or 
arrangement of the flowers of a plant. 
influenza (in-flu-en'zah) [Itai. " influence "]. An 
acute infectious, epidemic disease marked by de- 
pression, distressing fever, acute catarrhal inflam- 
mation of the nose, larynx, and bronchi, neuralgic 
and muscular pains, gastro-intestinal disorder and 
nervous disturbances, such as headache, insomnia, 
convulsions, and delirium. The disease is probably 
due to the Bacil'lus {Hemophilus} influen'zee, and its 
duration is from a few days to one or two weeks; 
relapses frequently occur, the patient being left 
weak for a long time and subject to colds, etc. Ac- 
cording to the organs chiefly affected the disease is 
said to be respiratory, nervous, or gastro-intestinal 
in form. Complications are frequent, the chief ones 
being pneumonia and various affections of the ear 
and eye. The disease occurs in extensive epidemics 
or pandemics. Recently (1923) a microorganism, 
Bacterium pneumosintes, has been announced as the 
causative agent. The disease is also known as la 
grippe and grip, abdominal i., influenza marked 
especially by abdominal symptoms, such as tym- 
panites, diarrhea, or symptoms resembling those of 
typhoid fever, endemic i., a disease resembling 
epidemic influenza, but less severe in character, 
occurring during the winter season; called also 
influenza nostras, acute catarrhal fever, and winter 
grip, laryngeal i., influenza in horses in which 
sore throat is the chief symptom, i. nos'tras, 
endemic influenza. Spanish i., a name given to 
the pandemic of an acute influenza-like disease 
which passed over Europe and America during the 
summer and autumn of 1918. 
influenzal (in-flu-en'zal). Pertaining to influenza, 
influenzin (in-flu-en'zin). A proprietary com- 
pound of phenacetin, quinin salicylate, caffein, 
and sodium chlorid: used in treating influenza. 
infolding (in-fol'ding). The operation of inclosing 
an ulcer (as of the stomach) by suturing together 
the walls of the organ on either side of it. 
infooted (in'foot-ed). Turning in the toes. 
infra- [L. infra beneath]. A prefix denoting sit- 
uation or occurrence beneath some special part 
or organ. 
infra-axillary (in-frah-aks'il-a-re). Situated below 
the axilla. 
infraclavicular (in"frah-klav-ik'u-lar). Situated 
beneath a clavicle. 
infracommissure (in-frah-kom'is-ur). The in- 
ferior commissure. 
infraconstrictor (in-fra-kon-strik'tor). The in- 
ferior constrictor of the pharynx. 
infracortical (in-frah-kor'tik-al). Situated or oc- 
curring beneath the cortex, as of the brain. 
infracostal (in-frah-kos'tal) [L. infra below + 
cos'ta rib]. Situated below a rib or below the ribs. 
infracotyloid (in-frah-kot'il-oid). Beneath the 
cotyloid cavity or acetabulum. 
infraction (in-frak'shun) [L. in into + frac'tio 
break]. Incomplete fracture of a bone without 
displacement of the fragments. 
inf radiaphragmatic (in"frah-di-af-rag-mat'ik). 
Below the diaphragm. 
infraduction (in-frah-duk'shun). The turning 
downward of a part, especially of the eye. 
infraglenoid (in-frah-gle'noid). Below the fossa 
* or the glenoid cavity. 
infraglottic (in-frah-glot'ik). Situated beneath 
the glottis. 
infrahyoid (in-frah-hi'oid). Situated below the 
hyoid bone. 
inframammary (in-frah-mam'a-re). Situated 
or occurring below the mammary gland. 
inframammillary (in-frah-mam'il-a-re). Below 
the nipple. 
inframandibular (in"frah-man-dib'u-lar). Be- 
neath the lower jaw. 
inframarginal (in-frah-mar'jin-al). Situated be- 
low a margin or border, as of the fissure of Sylvius. 
inframaxillary (in-frah-maks'il-a-re). Situated 
beneath the jaw. 
infranuclear (in-frah-nu'kle-ar). Below the nu- 
cleus. 
infra-occlusion (in"frah-ok-lu'zhun). The posi- 
tion of a tooth when it is not sufficiently elevated 
in its socket to occupy its place in normal occlusion. 
infra-orbital (in-frah-or'bit-al). Lying under or 
on the floor of the orbit. 
infrapatellar (in-frah-pat-el'ar). Below the pa- 
tella. 
infrapsychic (in-frah-si'kik). Below the psychic 
level; automatic. 
infra-red (in-frah-red'). Noting rays of energy 
beyond the limit of vision and below the red 
rays. 
infrascapular (in-frah-skap'u-lar). Situated be- 
neath the shoulder-blade. 
infraspinatus (in"frah-spi-na'tus). See muscles, 
table of. 
infraspinous (in-frah-spi'nus). Situated beneath 
the spine of the scapula. 
infrasternal (in-frah-ster'nal). Situated below the 
sternum. 
infratemporal (in-frah-tem'po-ral). Below the 
temporal fossa. 
infratonsillar (in-frah-ton'sil-ar). Below the 
faucial tonsil. 
infratracheal (in-frah-tra'ke-al). Beneath or be- 
low the trachea. 
infratrochlear (in-frah-trok'le-ar). Situated be- 
neath the trochlea. 
infratubal (in-frah-tu'bal). Beneath a tube. 
infraturbinal (in-frah-tur'bin-al). The inferior 
turbinate bone. 
infra-umbilical (in"frah-um-bil'ik-al). Situated 
beneath the umbilicus. 
infriction (in-frik'shun) [L. in on + fric'tio rub- 
bing]. The rubbing of medicaments upon the 
skin. 
infundibular (in-fun-dib'u-lar). Of the nature of 
or resembling an infundibulum. 
infundibuliform (in-fun-dib'u-lif-orm) [L. in- 
fundibu'lum funnel + for'ma form]. Shaped 
like a funnel. 
infundibulin (in-fun-dib'u-lin). An extract of the 
posterior lobe of the pituitary body. 
infundibulopelvic (in-fun-dib"u-lo-pel'vik). Per- 
taining to an infundibulum and a pelvis, either 
of the kidney or elsewhere. 
infundibulum (in-fun-dib'u-lum) [L. " funnel "]. 
i. Any funnel-shaped passage. 2. A funnel- 
shaped extension of the third ventricle extending 
through the hypothalamus to the end in the INFUNDIN 
548 
INIENCEPHALUS 
pituitary body. 3. Any one of the divisions 
of the pelvis of a kidney. 4. A passage between 
the nasal meatus and the ethmoid cells. 5. The 
■cavity of the fimbriae of an oviduct. 6. Any one of 
the ultimate expansions of a bronchiole. 7. A 
■cavity at the upper end of the cochlear canal. 8. 
The conus arteriosus, i. ethmoida'le os'sis 
ethmoida'lis [B N A], a passage between the 
nasal meatus and the anterior ethmoid cells. 
■ethmoida'le ca'vi na si [B NA], a passage from 
the nose to the frontal sinus, i. hypothalam'- 
ium [B N A], the stalk of the pituitary body. i. 
tu'bae uteri'nae [B N A], the cavity of the 
fimbriae of the oviduct. 
infundin (in-fun'din). A proprietaty extract of the 
posterior lobe of the pituitary body. 
infusible (in-fu'zib-1). Incapable of being melted, 
infusion (in-fu'zhun). 1. [L. infu'sio; from in into 
+ fun'dere to pour.] The steeping of a substance 
in water for obtaining its proximate principles. 
2. [L. infu'sum, gen. infu'si.] The product of 
the process of steeping a drug for the extraction 
of its medicinal principles. 3. The therapeutic 
introduction of a fluid, as saline solution, into a 
vein, cold i., the product of steeping a drug in 
cold water, meat i. (for bacteriologic use): 500 
gm. of fresh lean meat free from fat are ground and 
extracted with a liter of water. The mixture is 
infused over night in the ice-box, gradually raised 
to the boiling-point, and filtered, saline i., an 
injection, either subcutaneous or intravenous, of 
saline solution. 
infusodecoction (in-fu"so-de-kok'shun). A mix- 
ture of the infusion and the decoction of a sub- 
stance. 
Infusoria (in-fu-so're-ah) [L., pl. So called because 
found in infusions, after exposure to air], A class 
of Protozoa characterized by the presence of cilia. 
inf usor iotoxin (in-fu-so"re-o-tok'sin). A toxin 
destructive to infusoria. 
infusum (in-fu'sum). Latin for infusion (2). i. 
anthem'idis, infusion of chamomile. Dose, 1-2 
fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). i. cincho'nae, infusion of 
cinchona. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). i. digi- 
ta'lis, infusion of digitalis. Dose, 1-4 fl.dr. (4- 
16 c.c.). i. pru'ni virginia'nse, infusion of wild 
cherry. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). i. sen'nae 
compos'itum, the compound infusion of senna; 
black draft. Dose, 1-4 fl.oz. (30-120 c.c.). 
ingesta (in-jes'tah) [L., pl., in into + ger'ere to 
carry]. Food and drink taken into the stomach. 
ingestion (in-jes'tshun). The act of taking food, 
medicines, etc., into the body. 
ingestive (in-jes'tiv). Pertaining to or effecting 
an ingestion. 
ingestol (in-jes'tol). A proprietary compound of 
fifteen ingredients, for use in gastric and intestinal 
diseases. 
ingluvies (in-glu've-ez) [L.]. 1. The craw or crop 
of birds. 2. The first stomach of ruminant ani- 
mals. 
ingluvin (in-glu'vin) [L. inglu'vies gizzard], A 
ferment prepared from the gizzards of chickens: 
used like pepsin. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 
gm.). A similar product is obtained from the 
gizzards of ostriches and pigeons. 
Ingrassias, process of (in-gras'e-as) [Giovanni 
Filippo Ingrassias, Italian anatomist, 1510-1580]. 
See process. 
ingravescent (in-grav-es'ent) [L. in upon + 
graves'ci to grow heavy]. Gradually increasing 
in severity. 
inguen (in'gwen) [L. for " groin "]. The groin. 
inguinal (in'gwin-al) [L. inguina'lis]. Pertaining 
to the groin. 
inguino-abdominal (in"gwin-o-ab-dom'in-al). 
Pertaining to the groin and the abdomen. 
inguinocrural (in"gwin-o-kru'ral). Pertaining to 
the groin and the thigh. 
inguinodynia (in"gwin-o-din'e-ah) [L. in'guen 
groin 4* Gr. bbwr) pain]. Pain in the groin: a 
common symptom of hysteria. 
inguinolabial (in"gwin-o-la'be-al). Pertaining to 
the groin and a labium. 
inguinoproperitoneal hernia (ing"win-o-pro- 
per-it-o-ne'al). See hernia. 
inguinoscrotal (in"gwin-o-skro'tal). Pertaining 
to the groin and the scrotum. 
inhalant (in-ha'lant). A medicine to be inhaled. 
inhalation (in-hal-a'shun) [L. inhala'tio]. i. The 
drawing of air or other vapor into the lungs. 2. 
A substance to be inhaled as a vapor. 
inhalatorium (in-ha-lat-o're-um). An institution 
for treating disease by inhalation methods. 
inhale (in-hal') [L. inhala're]. To take into the 
lungs by breathing. 
inhaler (in-ha'ler). 1. An apparatus for adminis- 
tering vapor or volatilized remedies by inhala- 
tion. 2. An apparatus to prevent dust, smoke, 
or the like from entering the lungs, or to enable 
a person with affected lungs to breathe cold or 
damp air with less danger and discomfort. Allis' 
i., an apparatus for administering ether by the 
drop method, ether-i., a form of apparatus for 
administering the vapor of ether as an anesthetic. 
inherent (in-he'rent) [L. inhce'rens sticking fast]. 
Implanting by nature; intrinsic; innate. 
inheritance (in-her'it-ans). The act of inheriting 
or the thing inherited, alternative i., inherit- 
ance in which all the characters are inherited from 
one parent, amphigonous i., inheritance of 
characteristics from both parents, blending i., 
inheritance in which the characters of mother and 
father are blended in the offspring, criss-cross 
i., inheritance of the maternal characters by the 
sons and the paternal characters by the daughters, 
homochronous i., inheritance of characteristics 
which appear in the offspring at the same age as 
they appeared in the parent, homotropic i., 
the inheritance of acquired characteristics, men- 
delian i. See Mendel's law, under law. mo- 
saic i., inheritance in which the paternal influence 
is dominant in one group of cells and the mater- 
nal in another, as the inheritance of a streaked 
coloration where the parents are of different 
color, particulate i., inheritance in which some 
characters come from one parent and others from 
the other. 
inhibition (in-hib-ish'un) [L. inhibe're to restrain; 
in in + habe're to have]. Arrest or restraint of a 
process effected by nervous influence, i. of com- 
plement, complement is inhibited by 15 to 25 
per cent, salt solution and can be thus kept in the 
refrigerator for weeks, resuming its activity when 
diluted to isotonicity with distilled water, spe- 
cific i., a condition in which a precipitoid is com- 
bined with all the available precipitinogen, so that 
when fresh precipitin is added no precipitate will 
occur. 
inhibitive (in-hib'it-iv). Inhibitory. 
inhibitor (in-hib'it-or). 1. Any substance which 
interferes with a chemic reaction. 2. A mechanic 
device for curing mouth-breathing. 
inhibitory (in-hib'it-or-e) [L. inhibe're to restrain]. 
Restraining or arresting any process: effecting a 
stay or arrest, partial or complete. 
inhibitrope (in-hib'it-rop) [L. inhibe're to check]. 
One in whom certain stimuli tend to produce ar- 
rest of function. 
inhomogeneity (in-ho-mo-jen-e'it-e). Lack of 
homogeneity; especially variability in the leuko- 
cyte count of blood taken from different parts of 
the circulation at about the same time. 
iniac, inial (in'e-ak, in'e-al). Pertaining to the 
inion. 
iniad (in'e-ad). Toward the inion. 
iniencephalus (in"e-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. lviov occiput 
+ 'eya\os brain]. A fetus with a fissured occi- 
put and protruding brain. iniencephaly (in-e-en-sef'al-e). The condition of 
an iniencephalus. 
inion (in'e-on) [Gr. Ivtov occiput]. The external 
occipital protuberance. 
iniops (in'e-ops) [Gr. Ivlov occiput 4- eye], A 
double-faced monster with the posterior face in- 
complete. 
initial (in-ish'al) [L. initia'lis, from init'ium be- 
ginning]. Pertaining to the very first stage of 
any process. 
initis (in-i'tis) [Gr. is, Ivos fiber]. Inflammation of 
the substance of a muscle. 
Inj. Abbreviation for injection. 
injected (in-jek'ted). 1. Filled by injection. 2. 
Thrown in by injection. 3. Congested. 
injectio (in-jek'she-o), pl. injectio'nes. Latin for 
injection, i. apomor'phinae hypoder'mica, a 
2 per cent, solution of apomorphin hydrochlorid 
for injection, i. ergot'ini hypoder'mica, a 
hypodermic injection of ergotin. i. hypoder'- 
mica, a hypodermic injection, i. mor'phinae 
hypoder'mica, a hypodermic injection of mor- 
phin. 
injection (in-jek'shun) [L. injec'tio, from in into 
4- ja'cere to throw], 1. The act of throwing a 
liquid into a part, such as the rectum or a blood- 
vessel. 2. A substance thrown into a part or 
organ; an enema. 3. The condition of being 
injected; congestion, anatomic i., an injec- 
tion into the vessels or organs of the cadaver, 
designed to facilitate dissection or demonstration, 
coarse i., an anatomic injection that serves to 
fill only the larger vessels, epifascial i., an in- 
jection made upon the surface of a fascia; par- 
ticularly the injection of salvarsan upon the fascia 
lata, fine i., an anatomic injection that fills 
even the smallest vessels, gaseous i., an injec- 
tion of gas or air to aid in an anatomic demonstra- 
tion. gelatin i., a preservative injection of which 
gelatin is the base, hypodermatic i., hypo- 
dermic i., an injection made into the subcutane- 
ous tissues. Called also subcutaneous i. intra- 
cardiac i., an injection into the cavity of the heart, 
intradermic i., an injection into the substance of 
the skin, intramuscular i., an injection into the 
substance of the muscles, intravascular i., an 
injection thrown into a vessel, intravenous i., an 
injection' made into a vein, parenchymatous 
i., one made into the substance of an organ, plas- 
ter i., a coarse injection of a thin paste of calcined 
gypsum and water, which becomes hardened in 
the vessels, preservative i., an injection that 
serves to protect a cadaver or specimen from decay, 
saline i., an injection of saline solution, sub- 
cutaneous i. See hypodermatic i. 
injector (in-jek'tor) [L. injic'ere to inject]. An 
instrument used in making injections. 
Inj. enem. Abbreviation for L. injicia'tur en'ema, 
let an enema be injected. 
injury (in'ju-re) [L. inju'ria; in not 4- jus right]. 
Harm or hurt; a wound or maim. 
inlay (in'la). In dentistry, a filling that is first 
made and then cemented into a cavity, epithe- 
lial i., a method of securing epithelialization of a 
wound cavity. A mold of the cavity is taken, 
and this is covered with a Thiersch graft of epi- 
dermis, the whole being inserted into the wound 
cavity, the edges being approximated with sutures. 
The mold is removed after ten days, leaving the 
cavity completely epithelialized. 
inlet (in'let). The upper limit of the pelvic cavity. 
Inman's disease (in'manz) [Thomas Inman, 
English physician, 1820-1876]. See myalgia. 
innate (in'at) [L. in in 4- nas'ci to be born]. In- 
born; hereditary; congenital. 
innervation (in-er-va'shun) [L. in into 4- ner'vus 
nerve]. 1. The distribution or supply of nerves 
to a part. 2. The supply of nervous energy or 
of nerve stimulus sent to a part, reciprocal i., 
INIENCEPHALY 
549 
INOMYOSITIS 
the innervation of muscles around the joints, 
where the motor centers are so connected in pairs 
that when one is excited the center of the corre- 
sponding antagonist is inhibited. 
innidiation (in-id-e-a'shun) [L. in into 4- ni'dus 
nest]. The development of cells in a part to which 
they have been carried by metastasis; called also 
colonization and indenization. 
innocent (in'o-sent) [L. in'nocens; in not + 
noce're to harm]. Not malignant; benign; not 
tending of its own nature to a fatal issue. 
innocuous (in-ok'u-us). Harmless. 
innominatal (in-om-in-a'tal). Pertaining to the 
innominate artery or to the innominate bone. 
innominate (in-om'in-at) [L. innomina'tus name- 
less; in not + no'men name]. Not having a 
name; nameless, i. artery. See arteries, table 
of. i. bone. See under bone. 
innoxious (in-oks'e-us) [L. in not + nox'ius harm- 
ful]. Not injurious; not hurtful. 
innutrition (in-nu-trish'un). Want of nutrition, 
inoblast (i'no-blast) [Gr. is fiber + fiXacrrbs germ]. 
Any connective-tissue cell in the formative stage. 
inoccipitia (in"ok-sip-it'e-ah). Absence or de- 
ficiency of the occipital lobe of the brain. 
inochondritis (in"o-kon-dri'tis) [Gr. is fiber + 
xbvbpos cartilage 4- -ins inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of a fibrocartilage. 
inochondroma (in"o-kon-dro'mah) [Gr. is fiber 
+ xorSpos cartilage 4- -wpa tumor], A fibrochon- 
droma. 
inoculability (in-ok"u-la-bil'it-e). Susceptibility 
of transmission by inoculation. 
inoculable (in-ok'u-la-bl). i. Susceptible of being 
inoculated; transmissible by inoculation. 2. Not 
immune against a disease transmissible by inocula- 
tion. 
inoculation (in-ok-u-la'shun) [L. inocula'tio, from 
in into + oc'ulus bud]. The insertion of a virus 
into a wound or abrasion in the skin in order to 
communicate a disease, curative i., the injec- 
tion of an antiserum for curative purposes, pro- 
tective i., the injection of an antiserum to pro- 
tect against a disease; vaccination against a disease. 
inoculum (in-ok'u-lum). The substance used in 
inoculation. 
inocystoma (in"o-sis-to'mah) [Gr. is fiber 4- kuotis 
cyst + -wpa tumor]. A fibrous tumor affected 
with cystic degeneration. 
inocyte (in'o-slt) [Gr. ts fiber + kvtos cell]. A 
cell of fibrous tissue. 
ino-epithelioma (in"o-ep-ith-e-le-o'mah). Epi- 
thelioma with fibrous elements. 
inogen (in'o-jen) [Gr. is fiber + yevvav to produce]. 
A hypothetic substance of the muscular tissue, 
the sudden breaking up of which is supposed to 
cause muscular contraction. 
inogenesis (in-o-jen'es-is) [see inogen]. The forma- 
tion of fibrous tissue. 
inogenous (in-oj'en-us). Produced from tissue or 
producing tissue. 
inoglia (in-og'le-ah) [Gr. is fiber + yXla glue]. 
Same as fibroglia. 
inohymenitis (in"o-hi-men-i'tis) [Gr. is fiber 4- 
membrane + -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of any fibrous membrane. 
inoleiomyoma (in"o-li-o-mi-o'mah) [Gr. is fiber 4- 
Xelos smooth + pus muscle + -wpa tumor]. A 
tumor composed of unstriped muscular tissue. 
inolith (in'o-lith) [Gr. is fiber + XlOos stone]. A 
fibrous concretion. 
inoma (in-o'mah) [Gr. is fiber + -wpa tumor]. 
Same as fibroma. 
inomyoma (in"o-mi-o'mah) [Gr. is tissue + pus 
muscle + -wpa tumor]. Fibromyoma. 
inomyositis (in"o-mi-o-si'tis) [Gr. is fiber 4- pus 
muscle 4* -iris inflammation]. Fibromyositis. INOMYXOMA 
550 
INSANITY 
inomyxoma (in"o-mik-so'mah) [Gr. Is fiber 4~ 
myxoma]. Fibromyxoma. 
inoneuroma (in"o-nu-ro'mah). Fibroneuroma. 
inoperable (in-op'er-ab-1). Not suitable to be 
operated upon. 
inopexia (in-o-pek'se-ah) [Gr. Is fiber + rr^is fixa- 
tion]. A tendency toward spontaneous coagu- 
lation of the blood. 
inorganic (in-or-gan'ik) [in- not + organic]. i. 
Having no organs. 2. Not of organic origin. 
3. Pertaining to substances not of organic origin. 
inosclerosis (in-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. is fiber 4- 
aKXqpbs hard]. Fibrous induration. 
inoscopy (in-os'ko-pe) [Gr. is, Ivos fiber + aKo-Kclv 
to view]. The diagnosis of disease by artificial 
digestion and examination of the fibers or fibrin- 
ous matter of the sputum, blood, effusions, etc. 
inosculate (in-os'ku-lat) [L. in into + os'culum 
little mouth]. To unite or communicate by 
means of small openings or anastomoses. 
inosculation (in-os-ku-la'shun). The junction or 
interunion of arterial or venous branches with 
each other by means of anastomoses or by direct 
union. 
inose (in'os). Muscle-sugar; inosite. 
inosemia (in-o-se'me-ah) [Gr. Is, Ivos fiber + aqua 
blood]. An excess of fibrin in the blood. 
inosin (in'o-sin). A nucleosid resulting from the 
decomposition of inosinic acid. It is a compound 
of hypoxanthin and ribose. 
inosinate (in'o-sin-at). A salt of inosinic acid. 
inosite (in'o-sit) [Gr. is, iws fiber]. Hexahydroxy- 
benzene; a crystallizable substance, CoHeCOHje, of 
the aromatic series, found in muscle, urine, the 
viscera, and various plant substances. 
inositis (in-o-si'tis) [Gr. is fiber 4- -iris inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of fibrous tissue. 
inositol (in-o-si'tol). See inosite. 
inosituria (in"o-si-tu're-ah) [inosite 4* Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The occurrence of muscle-sugar, or ino- 
site, in the urine. 
inosteatoma (in"o-ste-at-o'mah) [Gr. Is, Ivos fiber 
4- areap fat 4- -upa tumor]. A fatty tumor con- 
taining fibrous elements. 
inostosis (in-os-to'sis) [L. in again + bvreov bone]. 
The re-formation of bony tissue to replace such 
tissue which has been destroyed. 
inosuria (in-o-su're-ah). Same as inosituria. 
inotagma (in-o-tag'mah) [Gr. Is fiber + ray pa ar- 
rangement], A linear arrangement of the con- 
tractile structural elements of a muscle-cell. 
inotropic (in-o-trop'ik) [Gr. is fiber + Tpeireiv to 
turn or influence]. Affecting the force or energy 
of muscular contractions: said of certain nerve- 
fibers. negatively i., weakening the force of 
muscular action, positively i., increasing the 
strength of muscular contraction. 
inotropism (in-ot'ro-pizm) [see inotropic]. Inter- 
ference with the contractility of muscle. 
In. pulm. Abbreviation for L. in pulmen'to, in gruel, 
inquest (in'kwest) [L. in into + queer'ere to seek]. 
Inquiry before a coroner into the manner of a 
death. 
inquiline (in'kwil-in) [L. in'eolus inhabitant]. A 
parasite which lives within another, but does not 
derive its food from its host. 
inquisition (in-kwiz-ish'un) [L. inquisi'tio; in 
into 4- queer'ere to seek]. An investigation. 
insalivation (in"sal-iv-a'shun) [L. in in 4- sali'va 
spittle]. The saturation of the food with saliva 
in mastication. 
insalubrious (in-sal-u'bre-us). Not salubrious; 
not conducive to health. 
insane (in-san') [L. in not 4* sa'nus sound]. Af- 
fected with insanity; not of sound mind. 
insanitary (in-san'it-a-re). Not in a good sanitary 
condition. 
nsanity (in-san'it-e) [L. insan'itas, from in not + 
sa'nus sound]. Disorder of the mental faculties, 
more or less permanent in character, but with- 
out loss of consciousness and will. It is marked 
by delusions, illusions, and hallucinations, by 
changes in character and habits, and by un- 
reasonable and purposeless actions and language, 
acquired i., insanity arising after a long period 
of mental soundness, adolescent i. See demen- 
tia prcecox. affective i. Same as emotional i. 
alcoholic i., that which is due to alcoholism, 
alternating i. Same as circular i. antici- 
patory i., that which appears in a patient at an 
earlier age than that at which it attacked the 
parent, arthritic i., insanity due to gout or 
rheumatism. choreic i., chorea insaniens. 
circular i., cyclic i., insanity recurring in 
cycles; melancholia following mania and be- 
ing followed in many cases by a lucid inter- 
val. climacteric i., that which is associated 
with the menopause, communicated i., that 
which is transmitted from one person to another, 
compound i., the concurrence of two or more 
forms of insanity, compulsive i., insanity in 
which the patient is completely dominated by im- 
pulse or obsessions, confusional i., acute tem- 
porary insanity following a severe disease or 
nervous shock, and marked by mental confusion of 
varying degrees of intensity, consecutive i., 
that which follows some neurosis or other disease, 
cyclic i. See circular i. degenerative i., delu- 
sional i., insanity marked by delusions; paranoia, 
dissimilar i., that which is inherited, but not 
identical with that of the parent, doubting i., in- 
sanity characterized by morbid doubt, suspicion, 
and indecision, drug i., insanity due to the exces- 
sive use of some drug, emotional i., that which is 
characterized by emotional depression or exalta- 
tion. epidemic i., a form that sometimes affects 
many persons in a community, hereditary i., 
that which is inherited from a parent or grand- 
parent. homicidal i., insanity marked by a de- 
sire to take human life, homochronous i., that 
which appears in the patient at the same age at 
which it appeared in the patient's father or mother, 
homologous i., that which is identical with that 
of the parent, hysteric i., insanity character- 
ized by sudden and short emotional outbreaks, 
ideational i., insanity with perverted ideation, 
ideophrenic i., insanity with perverted idea- 
tion; ideational insanity, idiophrenic i., in- 
sanity due to disease of the brain itself, imposed 
i., folie a deux, impulsive i., an insane ten- 
dency to acts of violence, induced i., compul- 
siveinsanity. intellectual i. Same as ideational 
i. iodoform i., a condition of mental depression, 
followed by delirium and acute dementia, due to 
the excessive use of iodoform, manic-depres- 
sive i., insanity in which mania and melancholia 
alternate. The term includes simple mania and 
melancholia, recurrent mania and melancholia, 
periodic mania and melancholia, and circular 
insanity. menstrual i., that which recurs at 
the menstrual period, moral i., that which is 
marked by impairment of the moral sense, per- 
ceptional i., a form marked by hallucinations 
and illusions, periodic i., that which recurs at 
regular intervals, polyneuritic i., Korsakoff's 
syndrome, primary i., any insanity not known 
to be consequent upon some previous attack 
of disease, progressive i., that which is in- 
tensified by transmission to the offspring, puer- 
peral i., the insanity coming on after delivery; 
also the delirium of childbirth, recurrent i., 
mental aberration with lucid intervals, regres- 
sive i., that which is inherited, but is milder in 
the offspring than in the parent, religious i., 
that associated with perverted and exalted reli- 
gious emotions, senile i., a form due to senile 
degeneration, simultaneous i., insanity ap- 
pearing at the same time in two or more persons 
who live together, stuporous i., primary acute 
dementia with more or less continuous stupor. INSANOID 
551 
INSUFFICIENCY 
surgical i., a form that follows surgical opera- 
tions. toxic i., acute insanity from poisoning 
of the system by certain drugs, volitional i., 
insanity marked by perversion of the will. 
insanoid (in-sa'noid). Resembling insanity; nearly 
insane. 
inscriptio tendinea (in-skrip'she-o ten-din'e-ah) 
[LJ, A tendinous cord that traverses a muscle 
and gives attachment to its fibers. 
inscription (in-skrip'shun) [L. inscrip'tio; in upon 
+ scri'bere to write]. That part of a prescription 
which contains the names and amounts of the 
ingredients. 
Insecta (in-sek'tah) [L. from in in + sec'tum cut], 
A class of the Arthropoda characterized by division 
into three parts, head, thorax, and abdomen; there 
are three orders: Hemiptera, Diptera, and Siphon- 
aptera of medical interest. 
insecticide (in-sek'tis-id) [L. insec'turn insect + 
cce'dere to kill], i. Destructive to insects. 2. Any 
substance poisonous to insects. 
insemination (in-sem-in-a'shun) [L. in into + se'- 
men seed]. The fertilization of the ovum. 
insenescence (in-sen-es'ens). The process of grow- 
ing old. 
insensible (in-sen'sib-1) [L. in not + sensib'ilis ap- 
preciable]. 1. Not appreciable by or perceptible 
to the senses. 2. Devoid of consciousness or of 
sensibility. 
insertion (in-ser'shun) [L. inser'tio; from in into -|- 
ser'ere to plant]. 1. The act of implanting, or 
the condition of being implanted. 2. The place 
of attachment of a muscle to the bone which it 
moves, parasol i., insertion of the umbilical 
cord in the placenta, in which the vessels of the 
cord separate before they join the placenta and 
resemble the ribs of a parasol, velamentous i. 
See velamentous placenta, under placenta. 
insheathed (in-shethd'). Same as encysted. 
insidious (in-sid'e-us) [L. insidio'sus; insid'ice am- 
bush], Coming on in a stealthy manner. 
insink (in'sink). To become folded in or invagi- 
nated. 
insipin (in-sip'in). Quinindiglycol sulphate, O- 
[CH2.CO.(C2oH2302N2)]2.H2S04.3H20, a white, 
tasteless powder; a tasteless quinin. Dose, 3 gr. 
(0.2 gm.). 
in situ (in si'tu) [LJ. In the natural or normal 
place. 
insolation (in-so-la'shun) [L. insola're to expose 
to the sun; in in + sol sun]. 1. Treatment by 
exposure to the sun's rays; the sun-bath. 2. Sun- 
stroke; thermic fever due to exposure to the sun's 
rays, asphyxial i., sunstroke with low tempera- 
ture, cold skin, and feeble pulse, hyperpyrexial 
i., thermic fever with very high temperature, 
coma, and congested skin. 
insoluble (in-sol'u-bl) [L. insolu'bilis, from in not 
-|- sol'vere to dissolve]. Not susceptible of being 
dissolved. 
insomnia (in-som'ne-ah) [L. in not + som'nus 
sleep]. Inability to sleep; abnormal wakefulness. 
inspection (in-spek'shun) [L. inspec'tio, inspic'ere 
to behold]. Examination by the eye. 
inspersion (in-sper'zhun) [L. inspe/tio; in upon 
+ spa/ger e to sprinkle]. The act of sprinkling, 
as with a powder. 
inspiration (in-spi-ra'shun) [L. inspira're, from in 
in + spira're to breathe]. The act of drawing 
air into the lungs. 
inspirator (in'spir-a-tor) [LJ. A form of inhaler 
or respirator. 
inspiratory (in'spir-a-to-re). Pertaining to or 
subserving inspiration. 
inspirium (in-spir'e-um). An inspiration. 
inspirometer (in-spi-rom'et-er) [inspire + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring the 
amount of air inspired. 
inspissated (in-spis'a-ted) [L. inspissa' tus, from in 
intensive + spissa're to thicken]. To thicken, 
dry, or render less fluid. 
inspissation (in-spis-a'shun) [L. inspissa'tio]. i. 
The act or process of rendering dry or thick by 
the evaporation of readily vaporizable parts. 2. 
The condition of being rendered less thin by 
evaporation. 
instep (in'step). The dorsal part of the arch of the 
foot. 
instillation (in-stil-a'shun) [L. instilla'tio, from in 
into stilla're to drop]. The act or process of 
dropping a liquid into a cavity, such as that of 
the eye. 
instillator (in'stil-a-tor). An instrument for per- 
forming instillations. 
instinct (in'stinkt) [L. instinct tus; in on + sting'- 
uere to prick], A propensity that urges an animal 
or human being, without the exercise of reason, 
to the performance of actions which are for the 
most part normally useful or beneficial. 
instinctive (in-stink'tiv). Of the nature of an in- 
stinct; performed apparently without the exercise 
of the reason. 
institutes (in'stit-uts) [L. institu'tum established 
regulation]. Established or fundamental prin- 
ciples. i. of medicine, the fundamental prin- 
ciples of medical science; especially physiology, 
pathology, and the kindred branches of medical 
education. 
instrol (in'strol). A proprietary bactericide solu- 
tion used for sterilizing instruments. 
instrument (in'stru-ment) [L. instrumen' turn; in- 
stru'ere to furnish]. Any mechanic tool, appliance, 
or apparatus. 
instrumental (in-stru-men'tal). Pertaining to or 
performed by instruments. 
instrumentation (in"stru-men-ta'shun). The use 
of instruments; work performed with instruments. 
insuccation (in-suk-a'shun) [L. insucca're to soak 
in; in into + suc'cus juice]. The thorough soak- 
ing of a drug before preparing an extract from it. 
insufficiency (in-suf-ish'en-se) [L. insufficien'tia, 
from in not + suffic'iens sufficient]. The condi- 
tion of being insufficient or inadequate to the 
performance of the allotted duty, active i., the 
inability of a muscle to act owing to the abnor- 
mal (or other) approximation of its insertion to 
its origin, aortic i., incomplete closure of the 
aortic valve, permitting the regurgitation of blood 
into the left ventricle at each diastole, cardiac 
i., inability of the heart to perform its function 
properly, i. of the externi, insufficient power 
in the externi muscles of the eye, so that they are 
overbalanced by the interni, producing esophoria. 
i. of the eyelids, a condition in which the eyes 
are closed only by a conscious effort, gas- 
tric i., gastromotor i., inability of the stom- 
ach to empty itself, although it is not dilated, 
hepatic i., inability of the liver properly to per- 
form its functions, i. of the interni, deficient 
power in the interni of the eye, resulting in ex- 
ophoria. mitral i. See i. of the valves, mus- 
cular i., the inability of a muscle to do its normal 
work by a normal contraction, ocular i. See 
i. of externi and i. of interni. proteopexic i. 
See hemoclastic crisis, under crisis, pseudo- 
aortic i., a condition marked by some of the 
symptoms of aortic insufficiency, but due to arterio- 
sclerosis. pulmonary i. See i. of the valves. 
pyloric i., defective closure of the pylorus, pro- 
ducing inability of the stomach to prevent the 
too rapid escape of the food into the bowel, renal 
i., a state in which the kidneys are unable to 
remove a sufficient proportion of the effete matter 
of the blood, thyroid i., hypothyroidism, tri- 
cuspid i. See i. of the valves, uterine i., weak- 
ness of the contractile power of the uterus, due to 
muscular atony, i. of the valves, valvular i., 
a condition in which the valves do not close per- fectly, so that the blood passes through the ori- 
fices; named, according to the valve affected, aortic, 
mitral, pulmonary, or tricuspid. 
insufficien'tia ver'tebrae. Functional neurosis 
based on spinal injury which does not produce 
organic disease of the spine. 
insufflation (in-suf-la'shun) [L. in into + sub 
under + fla're to blow]. The act of blowing a 
powder, vapor, gas, or air into a cavity, as into 
the lungs, intratracheal i., the operation of 
blowing air into the trachea through a tube intro- 
duced into the larynx: employed to avoid collapse 
of the lung in intrathoracic operations, i. of the 
lungs, the act of blowing air into the lungs for 
the purpose of artificial respiration. 
insufflator (in'suf-la-tor). An instrument used in 
performing insufflation. 
insula (ins'u-lah) [L. "island"]. The island of Reil. 
insular (ins'u-lar). Pertaining to an island, espec- 
ially the insula. 
insulation (ins-u-la'shun) [L. insula're to make an 
island of]. The prevention of the escape of elec- 
tricity from a body by the use of non-conductors. 
insulator (in'su-la-tor). An appliance made of 
some non-conducting material used in prevent- 
ing the escape of electricity. 
insulin (in'su-lin) [L. in'sula island (of the pan- 
creas)]. A solution of the active principle of the 
internal secretion of the islands of Langerhans of 
the pancreas of the ox. It is employed in the 
treatment of diabetes, as it raises the body's power 
to metabolize carbohydrate, reducing the blood 
and urinary sugar to normal, causing diminution 
of the acetone bodies in the urine, and relieving 
all the clinical symptoms of the disease. It is 
given hypodermically, and in order to suppress the 
symptoms of diabetes permanently the injections 
must be repeated twice daily. Called also iletin. 
insuline (in'su-lin). [See insulin.] Shaffer's name 
for the supposed hormone of the islands of Langer- 
hans of the pancreas. 
insultus (in-sul'tus) [L.]. An attack, i. hyster'- 
icus, the actual hysteric attack. 
insusceptibility (in-sus-sep-tib-il'it-e). Same as 
immunity. 
integration (in-te-gra'shun). i. Assimilation; ana- 
bolic action or activity. 2. The combination of 
different acts so that they cooperate toward a 
common end. 
integument (in-teg'u-ment) [L. integumen'tum, 
from in on + teg'ere to cover]. The covering of 
the body; the skin. 
integumentary (in-teg-u-men'ta-re) 1. Pertain- 
ing to or composed of skin. 2. Serving as a cover- 
ing, like the skin. 
integumen'tum commu'ne [B N A] [L. "com- 
mon integument"]. The skin. 
intellect (in'tel-ekt) [L. intellec'tus, from intellig'- 
ere to understand]. The mind, thinking faculty, 
or understanding. 
intemperance (in-tem'per-ans) [L. in not + tem- 
per a're to moderate]. Excess or lack of self-control 
in respect of food and drink; immoderate indul- 
gence in the use of alcoholic drinks. 
intemperant (in-tem'per-ant). A person addicted 
to the intemperate use of alcoholic stimulants. 
intensification (in-ten"sif-ik-a'shun) [L. inten'sus 
intense + fac'ere to make]. 1. The act of making 
anything intense. 2. The process of becoming 
intense. 
intensimeter (in-ten-sim'et-er). Fiirstenau's de- 
vice for measuring the intensity of x-rays; it is 
based on the variation of electric resistance of a 
selenium cell under influence of irradiation at dif- 
ferent intensities. 
intensionometer (in-ten-se-o-nom'et-er). An 
ionometric instrument for measuring the intensity 
of x-rays. Two series of plates, separated by an 
INSUFFICIENTIA VERTEBRAE 
552 
air-gap that serves as the dielectric, are connected 
to opposite terminals in a closed chamber. An 
electric circuit is completed when the air becomes 
ionized by the x-rays, and the difference in electric 
potential is registered by deflection of a galvanom- 
eter needle. 
intensity (in-ten'sit-e) [L. inten'sus intense; in 
on + ten'dere to stretch]. The condition or quality 
of being intense; a high degree of tension, activity, 
or energy. 
intensive (in-ten'siv) [L. in on + ten'dere to stretch]. 
Of increasing force or intensity. 
intention (in-ten'shun) [L. inten'tio, from in upon 
+ ten'dere to stretch]. A natural or other process; 
a process of healing. See under healing. 
inter- [L. in'ter between]. A prefix signifying 
between. 
interacinar, interacinous (in-ter-as'in-ar, in-ter- 
as'in-us). Situated between acini. 
interagglutination (in"ter-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). Ag- 
glutination of one kind of cells by the agglutinins 
of a nearly related kind. 
interalveolar (in-ter-al-ve'o-lar). Between alveoli, 
interangular (in-ter-ang'u-Iar). Situated or oc- 
curring between two or more angles. 
interannular (in-ter-an'u-lar) [L. in'ter between 
+ an'nulus ring]. Situated between two rings or 
constrictions, or between two of the nodes of 
Ranvier. 
interarticular (in"ter-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. in'ter be- 
tween + artic'ulus joint]. Situated between ar- 
ticular surfaces. 
interarytenoid (in-ter-ar-i'ten-oid). Between the 
arytenoid cartilages. 
interatrial (in-ter-at're-al). Between the atria of 
the heart. 
interauricular (in"ter-aw-rik'u-lar) [L. in'ter be- 
tween + auric'ula auricle]. Situated between 
the auricles. 
interbody (in'ter-bod-e). An amboceptor of normal 
blood-serum. 
interbrain (in'ter-bran). See thalamencephalon. 
intercadence (in-ter-ka'dens) [L. in'ter between 
+ ca'dere to fall]. An additional or supernu- 
merary beat occurring between two full beats 
of the pulse; also the occurrence of such a beat. 
intercalary (in-ter'kal-a-re) [L. intercala'rius; 
in'ter between + cala're to call]. Inserted or 
placed between; interposed. 
intercalated (in-ter'kal-at-ed) [L. inter cala'tus]. 
See intercalary. 
intercalatum (in"ter-ka-la'tum). The substantia 
nigra of the brain. 
intercanalicular (in"ter-kan-al-ik'u-lar). Be- 
tween canaliculi. 
intercapillary (in-ter-kap'il-a-re). Among or be- 
tween capillaries. 
intercarotic, intercarotid (in"ter-ka-rot'ik, in"- 
ter-ka-rot'id). Situated between the carotid ar- 
teries. 
intercarpal (in-ter-kar'pal). Between the carpal 
bones. 
intercartilaginous (in"ter-kar-til-aj'in-us). Be- 
tween cartilages. 
intercavernous (in-ter-kav'er-nus). Between two 
cavities. 
intercellular (in-ter-sel'u-lar). Situated between 
the cells of any structure. 
intercentral (in-ter-sen'tral). Situated between 
or connecting two or more nerve-centers. 
intercerebral (in-ter-ser'e-bral). Between two 
cerebral hemispheres. 
interchondral (in-ter-kon'dral) [L. in'ter between 
+ Gr. xovSpos cartilage]. Connecting or situated 
between two or more cartilages. 
INTERCHONDRAL intercilium (in-ter-sil'e-um) [L. in'ter between 4- 
cil'ium eyelash]. The space between the eye- 
brows. 
interclavicular (in"ter-klav-ik'u-lar) [L. in'ter 
between 4- clavic'ula clavicle]. Situated between 
the clavicles. 
intercoccygeal (in"ter-kok-sij'e-al). Situated be- 
tween the pieces of the coccyx. 
intercolumnar (in"ter-kol-um'nar) [L. in'ter be- 
tween 4- colum'na column]. Situated between 
columns or pillars. 
intercondylar, intercondyloid, intercondyl- 
ous (in"ter-kon'dil-ar, in"ter-kon'dil-oid, in"ter- 
kon'dil-us). Situated between two condyles. 
intercostal (in-ter-kos'tal) [L. in'ter between 4- 
cos'ta rib]. Situated between the ribs. 
intercostohumeral (in"ter-kos-to-hu'mer-al). Per- 
taining to an intercostal space and the humerus. 
intercostohumeralis (in"ter-kos"to-hu-mer-a'lis) 
[L.]. The lateral cutaneous branch of the second 
intercostal nerve going to the skin of the arm. 
intercristal (in-ter-kris'tal). Between two crests, 
intercrural (in-ter-kru'ral). Between two crura, 
intercurrent (in-ter-kur'ent) [L. intercur'rens, 
from in'ter between 4- cur'rere to run]. Break- 
ing into and modifying the course of an already 
existing disease. 
intercusping (in-ter-kus'ping). The correct oc- 
clusion of the cusps of the teeth of one jaw with the 
corresponding depression in the occlusal surfaces 
of the teeth of the opposite jaw. 
intercutaneomucous (in"ter-ku-ta"ne-o-mu'kus). 
Occurring or situated between the skin and mu- 
cous membrane. 
interdeferential (in"ter-def-er-en'shal). Between 
two vasa deferentia. 
interdental (in-ter-den'tal) [L. in'ter between 4- 
dens tooth]. Situated between the teeth; situated 
between two approximating teeth. 
interdigital (in-ter-dij'it-al) [L. in'ter between 4- 
dig'itus finger]. Situated between two adjacent 
fingers or toes. 
interdigitation (in"ter-dij-it-a'shun) [L. in'ter 
between 4- dig'itus digit]. 1. An interlocking of 
parts by finger-like processes. 2. Any one of a 
set of finger-like processes. Same as intercusping. 
interfascicular (in"ter-fas-ik'u-lar) [L. in'ter 
between 4* fascic'ulus bundle]. Situated be- 
tween fasciculi. 
interfeminium (in"ter-fe-min'e-um) [L.J. The 
space between the thighs, or the inside of the 
thighs. 
interfemoral (in-ter-fem'o-ral). Between the 
thighs. 
interfemus (in-ter-fe'mus) [L.]. The space be- 
tween the thighs. 
interference (in-ter-fe'rens) [L. in'ter between 4- 
feri're to strike]. A conflict between two waves 
of light or of sound, producing in the first in- 
stance darkness, in the other, silence. 
interfereometer (in-ter-fer-e-om'et-er). An in- 
strument for measuring lengths by means of the 
phenomena caused by the interference of two 
rays of light. 
interfibrillar, interflbrillary (in"ter-fi-bril'ar, 
in-ter-fib'ril-a-re) [L. in'ter between 4- fibril'la 
small fiber]. Between or among fibrils. 
interflbrous (in-ter-fi'brus). Between fibers. 
interfilamentous (in"ter-fil-am-en'tus). Between 
filaments. 
interfllar (in-ter-fi'lar) [L. in'ter between 4- fi'lum 
thread]. Situated among the fibrils of a reticu- 
lum. 
interfrontal (in-ter-fron'tal). Between the halves 
of the frontal bone. 
interganglionic (in"ter-gang-le-on'ik) [L. in'ter 
INTERCILIUM 
553 
between 4- ganglion] Situated between or con- 
necting ganglia. 
intergemmal (in-ter-jem'al) [L. in'ter between + 
gem'ma bud]. Situated between taste-buds or 
other buds. 
interglobular (in-ter-glob'u-lar) [L. in'ter be- 
tween + glob'ulus globule]. Situated between 
or among globules, as of the dentin. 
intergluteal (in-ter-glu'te-al). Between the 
buttocks. 
intergonial (in-ter-go'ne-al). Between two gonia. 
intergranular (in-ter-gran'u-lar). Between the 
granule-cells of the brain. 
intergyral (in-ter-ji'ral). Between cerebral gyri or 
convolutions. 
interhemicerebral (in"ter-hem-e-ser'e-bral). Be- 
tween cerebral hemispheres. 
interhemispheric (in"ter-hem-is-fer'ik). Be- 
tween the cerebral bemispheres. 
interior (in-te're-or) [L., Latin neuter inte'rius]. 
i. Situated inside; inward. 2. An inner part or 
cavity. 
interischiadic (in"ter-is-ke-ad'ik). Between the 
two ischia. 
interlabial (in-ter-la'be-al) [L. in'ter between + 
la'bium lip]. Between the lips, or between two 
labia. 
interlamellar (in"ter-lam-el'ar) [L. in'ter between 
4- lamel'la layer]. Situated between lamellae. 
interligamentary, interligamentous (in"ter- 
lig-am-en'tar-e, -en'tiis). Between or among liga- 
ments. 
interlobar (in-ter-lo'bar) [L. in'ter between 4- 
lo'bus lobe]. Situated or occurring between lobes. 
interlobitis (in-ter-lo-bi'tis). Inflammation of the 
pleura which lies between the two lobes of the lung. 
interlobular (in-ter-lob'u-lar) [L. in'ter between 
4- lob'ulus lobule]. Situated or occurring be- 
tween lobules. 
intermalleolar (in-ter-mal-e'o-lar). Between the 
malleoli. 
intermammary (in-ter-mam'ar-e). Between the 
breasts. 
intermammillary (in-ter-mam'il-a-re). Between 
the nipples. 
intermarriage (in-ter-mar'ij) [L. in'ter between 
4- marita're to wed]. 1. The marriage of persons 
related by blood or consanguinity. 2. The mar- 
riage of persons of different races. 
intermaxilla (in-ter-mak-sil'ah). The intermaxil- 
lary bone. 
intermaxillary (in-ter-maks'il-a-re). 1. Situated 
between the jaws, or maxillae. 2. Situated be- 
tween the rami of a jaw bone. 
intermediary (in-ter-me'de-a-re) [L. in'ter between 
4- media're to divide]. Performed or occurring 
in a median stage; neither early nor late. i. 
body. See Ehrlich's side-chain theory, under 
theory. 
intermediate (in-ter-me'de-at) [L. in'ter between 
4- media'tus middle]. Placed between; inter- 
vening. 
intermediolateral (in"ter-me-de-o-Iat'er-al). 
Both intermediate and lateral. 
intermembranous (in-ter-mem'bran-us). Situ- 
ated or occurring between membranes. 
intermeningeal (in"ter-men-in'je-al). Situated 
or occurring between the meninges. 
intermenstrual (in-ter-men'stru-al) [L. in'ter be- 
tween 4- menstrual]. Occurring between the 
menstrual periods. 
intermetacarpal (in"ter-met-ak-ar'pal) [L. in'ter 
between 4- metacarpal]. Situated between the 
metacarpal bones. 
intermetameric (in"ter-met-am-er'ik). Between 
two metameres. 
INTERMETAMERIC INTERM ETATARSAL 
554 
intermetatarsal (in"ter-met-at-ar'sal). Situated 
or occurring between the metatarsal bones. 
intermission (in-ter-mish'un) [L. intermis'sio; 
in'ter between + mit'tere to send]. An interval; 
temporary cessation or period between two re- 
currences or paroxysms. 
intermittent (in-ter-mit'ent) [L. intermit'tens; 
in'ter between + mit'tere to send], i. Having 
periods of cessation of activity. 2. An intermit- 
tent fever, postponing i., intermittent fever in 
which the paroxysms come on at a later hour 
each day. 
intermuscular (in-ter-mus'ku-lar). Situated be- 
tween muscles. 
intern (in-tern') [Fr. interne]. A resident, or in- 
door, physician or surgeon in a hospital. 
internal (in-ter'nal) [L. inter'nus]. Situated or 
occurring within or on the inside. 
internarial (in-ter-na're-al) [L. in'ter between + 
na'res nostrils]. Situated between the nostrils. 
internasal (in-ter-na'zal). Situated between the 
nasal bones or passages; internarial. 
interne (in-tern') [Fr.]. See intern. 
internist (in-ter'nist). A physician who treats dis- 
eases of the internal organs. 
internodal (in-ter-no'dal). Situated between two 
nodes. 
internode (in'ter-nod) [L. in'ter between + no'dus 
knot]. A space between two nodes; the inter- 
annular segment of a nerve-fiber, i. of Ranvier, 
the part of a nerve-fiber between two nodes of Ran- 
vier. 
internodular (in-ter-nod'u-lar). Between two 
nodes. 
internuclear (in-ter-nu'kle-ar). 1. Situated be- 
tween or among nuclei. 2. Between the nuclear 
layers of the retina. 
internuncial (in-ter-nun'she-al) [L. in'ter between 
+ nun'cius messenger]. Serving as a medium 
of communication between nerve-centers. 
internus (in-ter'nus) [L. "internal"]. The inter- 
nal rectus muscle of the eye. 
interoceptive (in"ter-o-sep'tiv). Sherrington's 
term for the internal surface field of distribution of 
receptor organs. See receptor, exteroceptive, and 
proprioceptive 
interoceptor (in"ter-o-sep'tor). A sense organ ex- 
cited by stimuli arising within the viscera; one of 
the end-organs of visceral sensibility. 
intero-inferiorly (in"ter-o-in-fe're-or-le). In- 
wardly and in a downward position or direction. 
interol (in'ter-ol). A proprietary paraffin oil prepa- 
ration for use in constipation. 
interolivary (in-ter-ol'iv-a-re). Situated between 
the olivary bodies. 
interorbital (in-ter-or'bit-al) [L. in'ter between 
+ or'bita orbit]. Situated between the orbits. 
interosculate (in-ter-os'ku-lat) [L. in'ter between 
4- os'culum opening]. To form a communication 
between two structures. 
interosseal (in-ter-os'e-al) [L. in'ter between 4* 
os bone]. 1. Situated between bones. 2. Per- 
taining to the interossei muscles. 
interosseous (in-ter-os'e-us) [L. interos'seus; 
in'ter between 4- os bone]. Situated or occur- 
ring between bones. 
interosseus (in-ter-os'e-us), pl. interos'sei [L.]. See 
muscles, table of. 
interpalpebral (in-ter-pal'pe-bral). Between the 
eyelids. 
interparietal (in"ter-par-i'et-al) [L. in'ter be- 
tween 4- pa'ries wall]. Situated between the 
parietal bones. 
interparoxysmal (in"ter-par-oks-iz'mal). Occur- 
ring between paroxysms. 
interpeduncular (in"ter-pe-dunk'u-lar) [L. in'ter 
between + pedun'culus peduncle]. Situated be- 
tween two peduncles. 
interphalangeal (in"ter-fal-an'je-al) [inter- 4- 
phalangeal]. Situated in a joint between two 
phalanges. 
interphyletic (in"ter-fi-let'ik) [L. in'ter between + 
phyletic]. Intermediate in form between two types 
of cell. 
interpial (in-ter-pi'al). Situated between the two 
layers of the pia. 
interpolar (in-ter-po'lar) [L. in'ter between 4- 
po'lus pole]. Situated between two poles, i. 
effect, the effect of the electric- current which 
acts throughout the whole region of the body 
between the two poles: contrasted with the polar 
effect, which takes place at the point of applica- 
tion of the electrode, as, for instance, cauterization. 
interpolation (in-ter-po-la'shun). Surgical trans- 
plantation of tissue. 
interpositum (in-ter-poz'it-um). Same as velum 
inter positum. 
interprotometamere (in"ter-pro-to-met'am-er) [L. 
in'ter between 4- Gr. irp&Tos first + perd across + 
pepos part]. The structure between the primary 
segments of the embryo. 
interproximal, interproximate (in-ter-prok'- 
sim-al, -at). Situated between adjoining surfaces. 
interpubic (in-ter-pu'bik) [L. in'ter between 4- 
pubes], Situated between the pubic bones. 
interradial (in-ter-ra'de-al). Situated between 
rays. 
interrenal (in-ter-re'nal) [inter- 4- renal]. Situ- 
ated between the kidneys, i. system, the cortex 
of the suprarenal gland. 
interrenalopathy (in-ter-re-nal-op'ath-e) [inter- 
renal system + Gr. irdOos disease]. Any disorder 
of the function of the cortex of the suprarenal 
gland. 
interrupted (in-ter-up'ted) [L. interrup'tus; 
in'ter between + rup'tus broken]. Not contin- 
uous; marked by intermissions or breaches of 
continuity. 
interrupter (in-ter-up'ter). A device for break- 
ing the electric circuit at regular intervals. 
interscapilium (in"ter-skap-il'e-um) [L.]. The 
space between the shoulders. 
interscapular (in-ter-skap'u-lar) [L. in'ter be- 
tween 4- scap'ula shoulder-blade]. Situated be- 
tween the shoulder-blades. 
interscapulum (in-ter-skap'u-lum). The inter- 
scapilium. 
intersciatic (in"ter-si-at'ik). Between the two 
ischia. 
intersegment (in-ter-seg'ment). Any one of a 
series of segments, like the angiotomes, etc.; 
a metamere. 
intersegmental (in"ter-seg-men'tal). Between 
segments. 
interseptal (in-ter-sep'tal). Between two septa. 
interseptum (in-ter-sep'tum) [L.]. The dia- 
phragm. 
interspace (in'ter-spas). A space between two 
similar structures, dineric i., the surface be- 
tween two liquid phases. 
interspinal, interspinous (in-ter-spi'nal, -nus). 
Situated between two spinous processes. 
interspinalis (in"ter-spi-na'lis) [L.]. See mus- 
cles, table of. 
interstice (in-ter'stis) [L. intersti'tium]. A small 
interval, space, or gap in a tissue or structure. 
interstitial (in-ter-stish'al) [L. interstitia'lis; 
in'ter between 4- sis'tere to set]. Pertaining to 
or situated in the interstices or interspaces of a 
tissue. 
interstitialoma (in-ter-stish"e-al-o'ma) A tumor 
or mass of interstitial tissue. 
INTERSTITIALOMA tntersystole (in-ter-sis'to-le). The interval which 
exists between the end of the auricular and the 
beginning of the ventricular systole. 
in ter tar sal (in-ter-tar'sal). Situated between the 
tarsal bones. 
intertinctus (in-ter-tink'tus). Colored differen- 
tially. 
inter tragicus (in-ter-traj'ik-us) [L.]. See mus- 
cles, table of. 
intertransversalis (in"ter-trans-ver-sa'lis). See 
muscles, table of. 
intertransverse (in"ter-trans-vers') [L. in'ter 
between + transver'sus turned across]. Situated 
between or connecting the transverse processes 
of the vertebrae. 
intertrigo (in-ter-tre'go) [L. in'ter between + 
ter'ere to rub]. A chafe or chafed patch of the 
skin; also the erythema or eczema that may result 
from a chafe of the skin. 
intertrochanteric (in"ter-tro-kan-ter'ik) [inter- 4- 
trochanter]. Situated between the great and lesser 
trochanters. 
intertubercular (in"ter-tu-ber'ku-lar). Between 
tubercles. 
intertubular (in-ter-tu'bu-lar) [L. in'ter between 
4- tu'bulus tubule]. Situated between or among 
tubules. 
interureteral (in"ter-u-re'ter-al). Same as inter- 
ureteric. 
interureteric (in"ter-u-re-ter'ik) [inter- 4- ureter]. 
Situated between the ureters. 
interval (in'ter-val) [L. in'ter between 4- val'lum 
rampart]. The space between two objects or 
parts; the lapse of time between two recurrences 
or paroxysms, a.-c. i., the interval between 
the auricular and carotid waves in the tracing of the 
jugular pulse, atriocarotid i., auriculo- 
carotid i., the time between the beginning of the 
auricular and the beginning of the carotid waves in 
a jugular pulse-tracing. Called intersystolic period. 
C.-a. i., the cardio-arterial interval, cardio- 
arterial i., the time between the apex-beat and 
arterial pulsation, focal i., the distance from the 
anterior to the posterior focal point, passive i., 
the time when neither the auricles nor ventricles 
of the heart are expanding or contracting, post- 
■ sphygmic i., the time between the beginning of 
dilatation of the ventricle of the heart and the 
opening of the auriculoventricular valves, pre- 
sphygmic i., the time between the beginning of 
contraction of the ventricles of the heart and the 
raising of the arterial valves. Q. R. S.T. i., the 
ventricular complex of the electrocardiogram. See 
electrocardiogram. Sturm's i. Same as focal i. 
intervalvular (in-ter-val'vu-lar). Between valves, 
intervascular (in-ter-vas'ku-lar). Between blood- 
vessels. 
interventricular (in"ter-ven-trik'u-lar) [L. in'ter 
between 4- ventric'ulum ventricle]. Situated be- 
tween ventricles. 
intervertebral (in-ter-ver'te-bral) [L. in'ter be- 
tween 4- vertebra]. Situated between two con- 
tiguous vertebrae. 
intervillous (in-ter-vil'us) [L. in'ter between 4- 
vil'lus tuft]. Situated between or among villi. 
intestin (in-tes'tin). Naphthalin-benzoate of bis- 
muth: an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 7I-15 gr. 
(0.5-1 gm.). 
intestinal (in-tes'tin-al) [L. intestina'lis]. Per- 
taining to the intestine. 
intestine (in-tes'tin) [L. intesti'num, from in'tus 
within]. The membranous tube that extends 
from the stomach to the anus. The first portion 
(small i.), which is smaller in caliber, is about 
twenty feet long, and extends from the pylorus to 
its junction with the large intestine at the cecum: 
it includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. 
The large i. is about five feet long, and includes 
the cecum, colon, and rectum. 
INTERSYSTOLE 
555 
intestinotoxin (in-tes"tin-o-tok'sin). Enterotoxin, 
intestinum (in-tes-ti'num), pl. intesti'na. Latin for 
intestine, i. caecum [BNA], the cecum, i. 
cras'sum [B N A], the large intestine, i. il'eum 
[BNA], the ileum, i. jeju'num [BNA], the 
jejunum, i. rec'tum [B N A], the rectum, i. 
ten'ue [BN A], the small intestine. 
intima (in'tim-ah) [L. for innermost]. The inner- 
most of the three coats of an artery; the tunica 
intima. 
intimal (in'tim-al). Pertaining to the intima. 
intima-pia (in"tim-ah-pi'ah). The combined in- 
tima of blood-vessels and pia mater which sur- 
rounds the arteries of the brain. 
intimitis (in-tim-i'tis). Inflammation of an intima, 
intoe (in'tb). Hallux valgus. 
intolerance (in-tol'er-ans) [L. in not 4- tolera're to 
bear]. Inability to endure or withstand. 
intolin (in-tol'in). A proprietary preparation of 
beer yeast in powder form. 
intorsion (in-tor'shun) [L. in inward 4- torque're 
to twist]. An inward rotation of the vertical 
corneal meridians. 
intoxation (in-tok-sa'shun). Poisoning. 
intoxication (in-toks-ik-a'shun) [L. in intensive 
+ Gr. to^lkov poison], i. Poisoning; the state of 
being poisoned. 2. The condition produced by 
excessive use of alcoholic stimulants, acid i., 
acidosis of a severe grade, anaphylactic i., the 
train of symptoms which follow the second injec- 
tion of protein in anaphylaxis, septic i., sapre- 
mia. serum i., a condition of temporary intoxi- 
cation which sometimes follows the injection of 
serum. 
intra- [L. in'tra within]. A prefix meaning within, 
intra-abdominal (in"trah-ab-dom'in-al). Situ- 
ated or occurring within the abdomen. 
intra-acinous (in-trah-as'in-us). Occurring or 
situated within an acinus. 
intra-appendicular (in"trah-ap-en-dik'u-lar). 
Within the appendix. 
intra-arachnoid (in"trah-ar-ak'noid). Within or 
underneath the arachnoid. 
intra-arterial (in"trah-ar-te're-al). Situated 
within an artery or arteries. 
intra-atticular (in"trah-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. in'tra 
within + articu'lus joint]. Situated within a 
joint. 
intra-atrial (in-trah-a'tre-al). Intra-auricular. 
intra-aural (in-trah-aw'ral). Inside of the ear., 
intra-auricular (in"trah-aw-rik'u-lar). Within 
an auricle. 
intrabronchial (in-trah-brong'ke-al). Situated or 
occurring within a bronchus. 
intrabuccal (in-trah-buk'al). Within the mouth 
or within the cheek. 
intracanalicular (in"trah-kan-al-ik'u-lar). Oc- 
curring within canaliculi. 
intracapsular (in-trah-kap'su-lar). Situated 
within a capsule. 
intracardiac (in-trah-kar'de-ak). Within the 
heart. 
intracarpal (in-trah-kar'pal). Within the wrist. 
intracartilaginous (in"trah-kar-til-aj'in-us). Sit- 
uated, formed, or occurring within a cartilage. 
intracelial (in-trah-se'le-al). Within one of the 
body cavities. 
intracellular (in-trah-sel'u-lar) [L. in'tra within + 
cel'lula cell]. Situated or occurring within a cell 
or cells. • 
intracerebellar (in"trah-ser-eb-el'ar). Situated 
within the cerebellum. 
intracerebral (in"trah-ser'eb-ral). Situated within 
the cerebrum. 
intracervical (in-trah-ser'vik-al). Situated within 
a cervical canal. 
INTRACERVICAL intrachordal (in-trah-kor'dal). Within the noto- 
chord. 
intracistern (in-trah-sis'tem). Within a cistern, 
especially the cisterna magna. 
intracolic (in-trah-kol'ik). Within the colon. 
intracordal (in-trah-kor'dal) [L. in'tra within 4- 
cor heart]. Within the heart. 
intracorporeal (in"trah-kor-po're-al). Within the 
body or within any body. 
intracorpuscular (in"trah-kor-pus'ku-lar). Oc- 
curring within corpuscles. 
intracostal (in-trah-kos'tal). On the inner surface 
of the rib. 
intracranial (in-trah-kra'ne-al) [L. in'tra within 
4- cranium]. Situated within the cranium. 
intracrureus (in"trah-kru-re'us). The internal 
part of the crureus. 
intracutaneous (in"trah-ku-ta'ne-us). Within the 
substance of the skin. 
intracystic (in-trah-sis'tik). Situated within a 
cyst. 
intrad (in'trad) [Old Lat.]. Within; inward in 
situation or direction. 
intradermal, intradermic (in-trah-der'mal, in- 
trah-der'mik). Situated or applied within the 
skin. 
intraduodenal (in"trah-du-o-de'nal). Within the 
duodenum. 
intradural (in-trah-du'ral). Situated or occurring 
within the dura. 
intra-epiphyseal (in"trah-ep-e-fiz'e-al). Within 
an epiphysis. 
intra-epithelial (in"trah-ep-e-the'le-al). Situ- 
ated among the cells of the epithelium. 
intrafaradization (in"trah-far-ad-i-za'shun). The 
faradization of the inner surface of the stomach 
or other viscus. 
intrafascicular (in"trah-fas-ik'u-lar). Situated 
or occurring within a fascicle. 
intrafebrile (in-trah-feb'ril). During the febrile 
stage. 
intrafilar (in-trah-fi'lar) [L. in'tra within 4- ji'lum 
thread]. Situated within a reticulum. 
intrafissural (in-trah-fish'u-ral). Within a cere- 
bral fissure. 
intrafistular (in-trah-fis'tu-lar). Within a fistula. 
intragalvanization (in"trah-gal-van-iz-a'shun). 
The galvanization of the inner surface of any 
organ. 
intragastric (in-trah-gas'trik). Situated or occur- 
ring within the stomach. 
intragemmal (in-trah-jem'al) [L. in'tra within 4- 
gem'ma bud]. Situated within a taste-bud or 
other bud. 
intraglandular (in-trah-glan'du-lar). Within a 
gland. 
intraglobular (in-trah-glob'u-lar). Within a 
blood-corpuscle. 
intragyral (in-trah-ji'ral). Within a cerebral 
gyrus. 
intrahepatic (in"trah-hep-at'ik). Within the liver. 
intrahyoid (in-trah-hi'oid). Within the hyoid 
bone. 
intralaryngeal (in-trah-lar-in'je-al). Within the 
larynx. 
intraleukocytic (in"trah-lu-ko-si'tik). Taking 
place within a leukocyte. 
intraligamentous (in"trah-lig-am-en'tus). Situ- 
ated within a ligament. • 
intralingual (in-trah-ling'wal). Within the tongue. 
intralobar (in-trah-lo'bar). Within a lobe. 
intralobular (in-trah-lob'u-lar). Situated or oc- 
curring within a lobule. 
intralocular (in-trah-lok'u-lar). Within the loculi 
of a stricture. 
INTRACHORDAL 
556 
intralumbar (in-trah-lum'bar). Same as endo- 
lumbar. 
intramammary (in-trah-mam'ar-e). Within the 
breast. 
intramastoiditis (in"trah-mas-toid-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the antrum and cells of the mastoid 
process. 
intramedullary (in-trah-med'ul-a-re). Situated 
within the medulla oblongata. 
intramembranous (in-trah-mem'bran-us). Situ- 
ated, occurring, or formed within, a membrane. 
intrameningeal (in"trah-men-in'je-al). Situated 
or occurring within the meninges. 
intramin, intramine (in'tram-in). A proprietary 
preparation, diortho-amino-thiobenzene: used like 
salvarsan in syphilis (J. E. R. McDonagh, 1916). 
intramural (in-trah-mu'ral) [L. in'tra within + 
mu'rus wall]. Situated or occurring within the 
wall of an organ. 
intramuscular (in-trah-mus'ku-lar) [L. in'tra 
within + mus1cuius muscle]. Situated in the 
substance of a muscle. 
intramyocardial (in-trah-mi-o-kar'de-al). Within 
the myocardium. 
intranarial (in-trah-na're-al). Within the nos- 
trils. 
intranasal (in-trah-na'zal) [L. in'tra within 4- 
na'sus nose]. Situated within the nose. 
intranatal (in-trah-na'tal). Occurring during 
birth. 
intraneural (in-trah-nu'ral). Within or into a 
nerve. 
intranidal (in-trah-ni'dal). Occurring during 
birth. 
intranuclear (in-trah-nu'kle-ar). Within a nu- 
cleus. 
intra-ocular (in-trah-ok'u-lar) [L. in'tra within 
+ oc'ulus eye]. Situated within the eye. 
intra-oral (in-trah-o'ral). Within the mouth. 
intra-orbital (in-trah-or'bit-al) [L. in'tra within 4- 
or'bit a orbit]. Situated within the orbit. 
intra-ossal, intra-osseous, intra-osteal (in"~ 
trah-os'al, -os'e-us, -os'te-al). Within a bone. 
intra-ovarian (in"trah-o-va're-an). Within the 
ovary. 
intraparenchymatous (in"trah-par-en-kim'at- 
us). Within the parenchyma of an organ. 
intraparietal (in"trah-pa-ri'et-al) [L. in'tra within 
4- pa'ries wall]. 1. Situated within the substance 
of a wall; intramural. 2. Situated in the parie- 
tal region of the brain. 
intra partum (in'trah par7turn) [L.]. Occurring 
during birth or delivery. 
intrapelvic (in-trah-pel'vik) [L. in'tra within 4" 
pel'vis basin]. Situated within the pelvis. 
intrapericardial (in-trah-per-e-kar'de-al). Within 
the pericardium. 
intraperineal (in-trah-per-in-e'al). Within the 
perineal tissues. 
intraperitoneal (in"trah-per-it-o-ne'al) [L. in'tra 
within 4- peritoneum]. Situated within the peri- 
toneal cavity. 
intraphyletic (in"trah-fi-let'ik). Occurring dur- 
ing the development of a cell. 
intrapial (in-trah-pe'al). Within the pia mater. 
intraplacental (in"trah-pla-sen'tal). Within the 
placenta. 
intrapleural (in-trah-plu'ral) [intra- 4" pleura]. 
Situated within the pleura. 
intrapolar (in-trah-po'lar). Within the space be- 
tween the two poles. 
intrapontine (in-trah-pon'tin) [L. in'tra within 4- 
pons]. Situated within the substance of the pons. 
intraprostatic (in"trah-pros-tat'ik). Within the 
prostate gland. 
INTRAPROSTATIC INTRAPROTOPLASMIC 
557 
INTUSSUSCIPIENS 
intraprotoplasmic (in"trah-pro-to-plaz'mik). 
Within the protoplasm. 
intrapulmonary (in-trah-purmon-a-re). Situated 
in the substance of the lung. 
intrapyretic (in"trah-pi-ret'ik) [intra- + Gr. 
TrvperPs fever]. Occurring or performed during 
the stage of fever. 
intrarachidian (in"trah-rak-id'e-an) [L. in'tra 
within + Gr. pa\ls spine]. Intraspinal. 
intrarectal (in-trah-rek'tal). Within the rectum. 
intrarenal (in-trah-re'nal). Situated within the 
kidney. 
intraretinal (in-trah-ret'in-al). Within the retina. 
intrarhachidian (in"trah-rak-id'e-an). Same as 
intraspinal. 
intrascrotal (in-trah-skro'tal). Within the scro- 
tum. 
intrasellar (in-trah-sel'ar). Within the sella 
turcica. 
intraserous (in-trah-se'rus). Within the blood- 
serum. 
intraspinal (in-trah-spi'nal) [L. in'tra within + 
spi'na spine]. Situated in the substance of the 
spinal column. 
intrastitial (in-trah-stish'al). Within the cells or 
fibers of a tissue. 
intrastromal (in-trah-stro'mal). Within the 
stroma of an organ. 
intrasynovial (in"trah-si-no've-al). Within the 
synovial cavity of a joint. 
intratarsal (in-trah-tar'sal). Within or on the 
inner side of the tarsus. 
intratesticular (in"trah-tes-tik'u-lar). Within 
the testicle. 
intrathecal (in-trah-the'kal) [intra- + Gr. OrjKri 
sheath]. Within or into a sheath. 
intrathoracic (in"trah-tho-ras'ik). Situated with- 
in the thorax. 
intratonsillar (in-trah-ton'sil-ar). Situated within 
the tonsil. 
intratrabecular (in"trah-tra-bek'u-lar). Within 
the trabeculse. 
intratracheal (in-trah-tra'ke-al). Within the 
trachea. 
intratubal (in-trah-tu'bal). Situated within a 
fallopian tube. 
intratubular (in-trah-tu'bu-lar). Occurring within 
the tubules or tubes of an organ. 
intratympanic (in"trah-tim-pan'ik) [L. in'tra 
within -j- tympanum]. Situated in the tympanic 
cavity. 
intra-urethral (in"trah-u-re'thral). Within the 
urethra. 
intra-uterine (in-trah-u'ter-in). Situated or oc- 
curring within the uterus. 
intravaginal (in-trah-vaj'in-al). Within the va- 
gina. 
intravascular (in-trah-vas'ku-lar) [L. in'tra within 
+ Vas'culum vessel]. Situated or occurring within 
a vessel or vessels. 
intravenous (in-trah-ve'nus). In, into, or from 
within a vein or veins. 
intraventricular (in"trah-ven-trik'u-lar). Situ- 
ated or occurring within a ventricle. 
intravesical (in-trah-ves'ik-al) [L. in'tra within + 
vesi'ca bladder]. Situated within the bladder. 
intravital (in-trah-vi'tal). During life, 
intra vitam (in'trah vi'tam). During life. 
intravitelline (in"trah-vi-tel'in). Within the 
vitellus or yolk. 
intravitreous (in-trah-vit're-us). Into or within 
the vitreous. 
intrinsic (in-trin'sik) [L. intrin'secus situated on 
the inside]. Situated entirely within or pertain- 
ing exclusively to a part. 
introducer (in-tro-du'ser). An intubator. 
introflexion (in-tro-flek'shun). A bending inward, 
introgastric (in-tro-gas'trik) [L. in'tro within + 
Gr. yaaTyp stomach]. Conveyed into the stomach, 
intro itus (in-tro'it-us) [L. in'tro within + i're to 
go]. The entrance to any cavity or space, i. 
oesoph'agi, the entrance of the esophagus into the 
stomach, i. vagi'nae, the entrance to the vagina. 
introjection (in-tro-jek'shun) [L. intro within + 
ja'cere to throw], A mental operation by which a 
person appropriates an occurrence and makes it a 
part of himself. 
intromission (in-tro-mish'un) [L. in'tro within + 
mit'tere to send]. The insertion of one part or 
thing into another. 
introspection (in-tro-spek'shun) [L. in'tro within + 
s pi'cere to look]. The contemplation or observa- 
tion of one's own thoughts and feelings. 
introsusception (in"tro-sus-ep'shun) [L. in'tro 
within suscip'ere to receive]. See intussuscep- 
tion. 
introversion (in-tro-ver'shun) [L. in'tro within -f- 
ve/sio a turning]. The turning inside out, more 
or less complete, of an organ. 
introvert (in-tro-vert'). To invaginate. 
introvision (in-tro-vizh'un). Contemplation of 
one's own feelings. 
intrude (in'trud). To project inward. 
intrusion (in-tru'zhun). Ip ward projection, 
intubate (in'tu-bat). To treat by intubation, 
intubation (in-tu-ba'shun) [L. in into + tu'ba 
tube]. The insertion of a tube; especially the 
introduction of a tube into the larynx through the 
glottis, performed in diphtheria and edema of the 
glottis for the introduction of air. 
intubationist (in-tu-ba'shun-ist). One who per- 
forms an intubation. 
intubator (in'tu-ba-tor). An instrument used in 
intubation. 
intumesce (in-tu-mes'). To swell up. 
intumescence (in-tu-mes'ens) [L. intumescen' tid[. 
i. A swelling, normal or abnormal. 2. The process 
of swelling. 
intumescent (in-tu-mes'ent) [L. intumes'cens]. 
Swelling or becoming swollen. 
intumescentia (in-tu-mes-en'she-ah) [LJ. A 
swelling, i. cervica'lis [B N A], the cervical en- 
largement of the spinal cord. i. ganglifor'mis, 
the geniculate ganglion, i. lumba'lis [B N A], 
the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. i. 
tympan'ica [B N A], a non-ganglionic swelling on 
the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. 
Called also tympanic swelling. 
intussusception (in"tus-us-ep'shun) [L. in'tus 
wjthin + suscip'ere to receive], A receiving within: 
specifically, (1) The invagination or indigitation 
of a portion of the intestine into an adjacent 
portion (John Hunter, 1789). There are four 
varieties: ileocecal, in which the ileum and the 
ileocecal valve pass into the cecum and colon; colic, 
in which the large intestine is prolapsed into 
itself; ileal, in which the small intestine is invagi- 
nated into itself; and ileocolic, in which the ileum 
passes into the ileocecal valve. The symptoms of 
the condition are a frequent desire to evacuate the 
bowels, pain, tenesmus, with the passage of small 
bloody or mucous stools, vomiting, the develop- 
ment of a sausage-shaped swelling in the abdominal 
region, with the accumulation of a mass of soft 
feces. (2) In physiology, the reception into an 
organism of matter, such as food and its trans- 
formation into living tissue, retrograde i., the 
invagination of a lower part of the bowel into the 
higher. 
intussusceptum (in"tus-sus-ep'tum) [L.]. A por- 
tion of intestine that has been invaginated within 
another part. 
intussuscipiens (in"tus-su-sip'e-ens) [L.]. The INULA 
558 
IODARGOL 
portion of an intestine containing an intussus- 
ceptum. 
Inula (in'u-lah) [L. gen. in'ulce]. 1. A genus of 
composite-flowered plants. 2. The root of I. hele'- 
nium. See elecampane. 
inulain (in-u-la'in). A powdered concentration 
from the root of In'ula hele'nium. Dose, 2-5 gr. 
(0.13-0.333 gm.). 
inulase (in'u-las). A ferment occurring in Asper- 
gil'lus ni'ger and Penicil'lium glau'cum. It changes 
inulin into levulose. 
inulin (in'u-lin). 1. A polysaccharid found in 
Inula, Dahlia, and other plants. It yields levulose 
on hydrolysis. 2. A concentration or resinoid from 
elecampane root: an aromatic and tonic expec- 
torant. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.195 gm.). 
inuloid (in'u-loid). A colorless compound, C6H10O5, 
resembling inulin, but more soluble. 
inulol (in'u-lol). Same as alantol. 
inunction (in-unk'shun) [L. in into + un' guere to 
anoint]. 1. The act of anointing or of applying an 
ointment with friction. 2. An ointment made with 
lanolin as a menstruum. 
inunctum (in-unk'tum). Inunction, 2d def. 
inustion (in-us'tshun) [L. in into + u'rere to burn]. 
The application of the actual cautery. 
in utero (in u'ter-o) [L.]. Within the uterus. 
invaccination (in-vak-sin-a'shun). Inoculation 
with some other disease during vaccination. 
invaginate (in-vaj'in-at). To insert one portion 
within another portion of the same thing. 
invaginate d (in-vaj'in-a-ted). Thrust inward so 
as to have become insheathed. 
invagination (in-vaj-in-a'shun) [L. invagina'tio; 
in within + vagi'na sheath], 1. The same as 
intussusception. 2. An obliterative operation for 
the cure of hernia. 
invaginator (in-vaj'in-a-tor). An instrument for 
turning in the tissues in hernia operation. 
invalid (in'val-id) [L. inval'idus; in not + val'i- 
dus strong]. 1. Not well and strong. 2. One who 
is disabled by illness or infirmity. 
invasion (in-va'zhun) [L. inva'sio; in into + va'- 
dere to go]. 1. The attack or onset of a disease. 2. 
The simple harmless entrance of bacteria into the 
body or their deposition in the tissues, as distin- 
guished from infection. 
invermination (in-ver-min-a'shun) [L. in within 
4- vermina're to be wormy]. A diseased condi- 
tion due to endoparasitic worms; helminthiasis. 
inversion (in-ver'shun) [L. invePsio; in into + 
ver'ter e to turn]. A turning inward, inside out, 
upside down, or other reversal of the normal 
relation of a part, thermic i., the state] in 
which a patient's temperature is highest in the 
morning. 
invert (in'vert). A person whose sexual tastes are 
homosexual. 
invertase (in-ver'tas). Same as invertin. 
Invertebrata (in-ver-teb-ra'tah). A division of the 
animal kingdom, including all forms that have no 
spinal column. 
invertebrate (in-ver'te-brat). 1. One of the In- 
vertebrata. 2. Having no spinal column. 
invertin (in-ver'tin). A ferment produced by 
various yeast-plants which converts cane-sugar 
into invert-sugar. It is found in the intestinal 
juice. 
invertor (in-ver'tor). A muscle which turns in a 
part. 
invertose (in'ver-tos). Invert-sugar. 
invert-sugar (in'vert-). See under sugar. 
inveterate (in-vet'er-at) [L. invetera'tus; in inten- 
sive + ve'tus old]. Chronic and confirmed; long 
established and of difficult cure. 
inviscation (in-vis-ka'shun). The mixing of the 
food with the mucous secretion of the mouth in 
mastication. 
in vitro (in vi'tro) [L. "in a glass"]. Within a glass; 
observable in a test-tube. 
in vivo (in vi'vo) [L.]. Within the living body. 
involucre (in'vo-lu-ker). An involucrum. 
involucrum (in-vo-lu'krum), pl. involu'cra [L. 
in in + vol'vere to wrap]. A covering or sheath, 
such as contains the sequestrum of a necrosed 
bone. 
involuntary (in-vol'un-ta-re) [L. involunta'rius; 
in against + volun'tas will]. Performed inde- 
pendently of the will. 
involuntomotory (in-vol"un-to-mo'tor-e). Per- 
taining to motion that is not voluntary. 
involution (in-vo-lu'shun) [L. involu'tio; in into 4- 
vol'vere to roll]. i. A rolling or turning inward. 
2. The return of the uterus to its normal size after 
parturition. 3. A retrograde change: the reverse 
of evolution, i.-forms, forms of microorganisms 
that have become degenerated from unfavorable 
surroundings, senile i., the shriveling of an 
organ in aged people. 
iocamphen (i-o-kam'fen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of iodin, camphor, and phenol, containing 10 per 
cent, of iodin. 
iodacetanilid (i"o-das-et-an'il-id). An insoluble 
crystalline powder, C8H4.I.NH(C2H3O), used as 
an antipyretic. Called also iodantifebrin. 
iodacetone (i-o-das'e-ton). A mild caustic, CHo- 
I.CO.CH3. 
iodagol (i-o-da'gol). A proprietary colloidal iodin 
preparation, used in urethritis and cystitis. 
iodal (i'o-dal). A hypnotic substance, CI3.CHO, 
resembling chloral. 
iodalbacid (i-o-dal-bas'id). An iodin and albumin 
compound, albumen iodate: used for myxedema 
and goiter and for syphilis. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
iodalbin (i-o-dal'bin). A compound of iodin and 
blood albumin containing 21.5 per cent, of iodin: 
used like iodids. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.). 
iodalgin (i-od-al'jin). A proprietary substitute for 
iodoform, soluble in water. 
iodalia (i-o-da'le-ah). A saccharated organic iodin 
compound for children. 
iodalose (i-o-dal'os). A proprietary preparation of 
iodin with peptone. 
lodamoe'ba Buetsch'lii. A non-pathogenic 
ameba found in the intestinal tract. It has a rela- 
tively large karyosome in the nucleus and a row of 
granules between the karyosome and the nuclear 
membrane which stain with iodin. 
iodamylformol (i-o"dam-il-for'mol). An anti- 
septic preparation of iodin, thymol, starch, and 
formaldehyd. 
iodamylum (i-o-dam'il-um). An iodized prepara- 
tion of starch: a surgical antiseptic. 
iodan (i'o-dan). A proprietary preparation of iodin 
in goose-grease. 
iodanisol (i-o-dan'is-ol). A yellow-red, crystalline 
substance, C8H4(OCH3)I: antiseptic and rube- 
facient. 
iodanthrak (i-o-dan'thrak). An absorption prod- 
uct of iodin and animal charcoal: used like the 
iodids and externally as a dusting-powder for 
wounds. 
iodantifebrin (i"o-dan-te-feb'rin). See iodacetan- 
ilid. 
iodantipyrin, iodopyrin (i"o-dan-tip-i'rin, i"o- 
do-pi'rin). An anodyne, alterative, and antisep- 
tic substance, CnHu.I.NjO, or antipyrin in which 
iodin takes the place of hydrogen. Dose, 5-20 
gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.). 
iodargol (i-o-dar'gol). A proprietary colloidal iodin 
preparation for the treatment of gonorrhea, ure- 
thritis, and cystitis. IODARGYR 
559 
iodoformalbumin 
iodargyr (i-o-dar'jir). An organic iodin and silver 
preparation for the treatment of wounds and 
ulcers. 
iodarsyl (i-o-dar'sil). A solution of sodium iodid 
and sodium paramidophenyl-arsenate: used for 
intravenous injection. 
iodate (i'o-dat). Any salt of iodic acid. 
iodbenzin (i-od-ben'zin). A preparation of iodin, 
benzin, and paraffin oil, used as a disinfectant. 
iodcasein (i-od-ka'se-in). A preparation of iodin 
and casein: used like iodoform. 
iodchloroform (i-od-klo'ro-form). A solution of 
iodin in chloroform, used as a local hemostatic. 
iodelol (i-o-del'ol). A proprietary iodin prepara- 
tion used by inunction. 
iodeol (i-o'de-ol). A proprietary colloidal iodin: 
used like the iodids. 
iodex (i'o-deks). A proprietary iodin ointment, 
iodglidine (i-od-gli'din). lodoglidine. 
iodia (i-o'de-ah). A combination of active princi- 
ples from the green roots of Stillingia, Helonias, 
Saxifraga, Menis permum, and aromatics: used 
for syphilitic and cutaneous diseases and for uter- 
ine debility. 
iodic acid (i-od'ik). See acid. 
iodid (i'o-did). Any binary compound of iodin: 
a compound of iodin with an element or 
radical. 
iodile (i'o-dil). A crystalline organic compound 
of iodin: used hypodermically in syphilis, goiter, 
and tuberculosis. 
iodimetry (i-o-dim'et-re) [iodin + Gr. perpov 
measure]. The estimation of the quantity of 
iodin in a mixture or compound. 
iodin (i'o-din) [L. io'dum, from Gr. iwbrjs violet- 
hued]. A halogen element of a peculiar odor 
and acrid taste; symbol, I; atomic weight, 126.92. 
It is a non-metallic element, occurring in bluish- 
black scales: it is soluble in alcohol and in solu- 
tions of the iodids, and at ordinary temperatures 
it volatilizes, giving off a purplish vapor. It is 
an irritant, and when taken in excess or for a 
long time produces iodism. It is used as an 
alterative and absorbent in rickets, scrofula, hy- 
pertrophied glands and mucous membranes, exu- 
dates, and effusions: it is sometimes injected for 
the purpose of producing plastic inflammation 
in hydrocele, hernia, etc. Dose of compound 
solution [liquor iodi compositus, Lugol's solu- 
tion), 1-10 min. (0.066-0.666 c.c.); of tincture, 
1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). i. petrogen, a pro- 
prietary solution of iodin in petrogen. i. tri- 
bromid, a dark-brown fluid, IBr3: used in sprays 
for diphtheric sore throat, i. trichlorid, a binary 
compound, IC13, in orange-yellow needles: anti- 
septic and disinfectant. 
iodinol (i-o'din-ol). An iodized sesame oil used in 
place of the alkaline iodids. 
iodinophil (i-o-din'o-fil) [iodin + Gr. <pi\elv to love]. 
1. Stainable with iodin. 2. Any cell or other 
element readily stainable with iodin. 
iodinophilous (i"o-din-of'il-us). Stainable with 
iodin. 
iodipalin (i-o-dip'al-in). A proprietary preparation 
of iodin and a fixed oil. 
iodiperol (i-o-di'per-ol). An antiseptic solution for 
preventing wound infection. 
iodip in (i-o-dip'in). An iodin addition-product of 
sesame oil, said to contain 10 per cent, of iodin. 
It is a yellow liquid: used in asthmatic affections, 
bronchitis, etc., also subcutaneously in tertiary 
syphilis. Dose, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). 
iodipsol (i-o-dip'sol). A proprietary compound of 
iodin, oxymethylene, and resol: used in intestinal 
disease and externally as a dusting-powder. 
iodism (i'o-dizm). Ill health resulting from inju- 
dicious use of iodin or iodin compounds. It is 
marked by atrophy of the glands and gland- 
ular organs, coryza, ptyalism, frontal headache, 
emaciation, weakness, and eruptions on the 
skin. 
iodival (i-o-di'val). Alphamonoiodoisovaleryl urea, 
(CH3)2.CH.CHI.CO.NH.NH2: used in syphilis, 
scrofula, arteriosclerosis, etc. 
iodize (i'o-diz). To impregnate with iodin or to 
put under its influence. 
iodo-acetanilid (i"o-do-as-et-an'il-id). A color- 
less, crystalline compound formed by heating 
acetic acid and para-iodoanilin. It is soluble 
in alcohol and slightly in water, and is used as an 
antipyretic and analgesic. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066- 
0.33 gm.). Called also iodantifebrin. 
iodo-albumin (i"o-do-al-bu'min). Any one of a 
group of artificial iodin compounds resembling 
true albumins. They are used for myxedema 
and goiter. 
iodoamylum (i"o-do-am'il-um) [L. io'dum iodin + 
am'ylum starch]. Insoluble iodized starch: a surgi- 
cal antiseptic. 
iodo-atoxyl (i"o-do-at-ok'sil). The sodium salt of 
iodo-phenyl-arsenic acid. 
iodocaffein (i"o-do-kaf'e-in). A white, crystalline 
compound: used in heart diseases. Dose, 2-15 
gr. (0.133-1 gm.). 
iodocasein (i"o-do-ka'se-in) [iodin + casein]. A 
yellow, antiseptic preparation of iodin and casein: 
used like iodoform. 
iodocin (i-od'o-sin). A styptic, analgesic, and an- 
tiseptic preparation. 
iodocitin (i-o-do-si'tin). A proprietary iodin- 
lecithin preparation: used internally in syphilis. 
iodocol (i-o'do-kol). A preparation of iodin and 
guaiacol: used in tuberculosis. 
iodocresin, iodocresol (i"o-do-kre'sin, -kre'sol). 
An antiseptic compound, CH3.CeH3I.OH, of iodin 
and cresol: used like iodoform. Called also trau- 
malol. 
iodocrol (i-od'ok-rol). Carvacrol iodid, Ci0HI3OI, 
an odorless agent: used like iodoform. 
iododerma (i"o-do-der/mah) [L. io'dum iodin + 
Gr. b'eppa. skin]. Any skin disease resulting from 
iodism. 
iodo-ethylformin (i"o-do-e-thil-for'min). A rem- 
edy, C8H12N4(C2H5I2): used like the iodids. 
iodo-eugenol (i"o-do-u'je-nol). A yellowish, in- 
odorous, antiseptic powder, C6H2I(C3H5)(OCH3)- 
OH, a compound of iodin and eugenol. 
iodofan (i-o'do-fan). A reddish, crystalline pow- 
der, C6H3I(OH)2.HCOH: used like iodoform. 
iodoferratin (i"o-do-fer'at-in). A hematogenic 
preparation of iodin and ferratin. 
iodoform (i-o'do-form) [iodin + formyl], A yel- 
low, crystalline substance, CHI3, or formyl tri- 
iodid, having a strong, penetrating odor, contain- 
ing about 96 per cent, of iodin, and soluble in 
chloroform and ether and somewhat in alcohol 
and water. It is a local anesthetic and an anti- 
septic, and is used as a dressing for wounds and 
in tuberculous and syphilitic ulcers: internally 
it is employed in syphilis, pulmonary tuber- 
culosis, cirrhosis of the liver, rickets, and goiter. 
Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.). The prep- 
arations include the ointment (unguen'tum 
iodofor'mi) and suppositories, which are used in 
fissure of the anus. i. albuminate, iodoformo- 
gen. i.-salol, an antiseptic mixture of iodoform 
and salol. 
iodoformagen (i"o-do-for'maj-en). A nearly 
odorless, yellowish powder composed of iodo- 
form and albumin. 
iodoformal (i"o-do-for'mal). A fragrant yellow 
powder prepared from iodoform and ethyl iodid, 
and used like iodoform. 
iodoformalbumin (i"o-do-form-al-bu'min). lodo- 
formagen. iodoformin 
560 
IODOTERPIN 
iodoformin (i"o-do-for'min). An odorless substi- 
tute, CsHi2N4.CHl3, for iodoform. It is a white 
powder, from which 75 per cent, of iodoform is 
set free by contact with a wound. 
iodoformism (i'o-do-form-izm). Poisoning by 
iodoform. 
iodoformize (i"o-do-form'iz). To treat or im- 
pregnate with iodoform. 
iodoformogen (i"o-do-for'mo-jen). Iodoform al- 
buminate: a compound of iodoform and albumin 
occurring in the form of a fine yellow powder: 
used as a substitute for iodoform. 
iodoformum (i"o-do-for'mum). Iodoform. 
iodogallicin (i"o-do-gal'is-in). A dark gray pow- 
der, bismuth oxyiodo methyl gallol, CsH2COOCH3- 
(OH)2O.BiOH.I, prepared from bismuth oxyiodid 
and methyl gallicin: used like airol. 
iodogene (i-o'do-jen). A proprietary mixture of 
charcoal and potassium or sodium iodate: to be 
burned for disinfecting fumigation. 
iodogenin (i-o-do'jen-in). A preparation of iodo- 
form and alcohol: used in fumigation. 
iodogenol (i-o-doj'en-ol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of iodin and peptone: used like the iodids. 
iodoglandin (i"o-do-glan'din). A thyroid prepa- 
ration containing no thyroidin: a therapeutic 
agent. 
iodoglidin (i-o-do-gli'din). A preparation of 
iodin and wheat protein, used in skin diseases like 
iodin. 
iodoglobulin (i"o-do-glob'u-lin). An active prin- 
ciple derived from the thyroid gland; more abun- 
dant and far more soluble than thyroidin. 
iodoglycerin (i"o-do-glis'er-in). A solution of 
potassium iodid and iodin in glycerin. 
iodoguaiacol (i"o-do-gwi'ak-ol). Colorless crys- 
tals used in tuberculosis in doses of 1 gr. (0.06 gm.). 
iodohemol (i"o-do-he'mol). A therapeutic prepa- 
ration of hemol and iodin (16.6 per cent.): used 
in syphilis, tuberculosis, and psoriasis. Dose, 3 
gr. (0.2 gm.). 
iodohydrargyrate (i"o-do-hi-drar'jir-at). Any 
compound of iodin and mercury with another 
substance. 
iodokefir (i"o-do-ke'fir). Any one of a series of 
preparations of kefir and sodium iodid. 
iodol (i'o-dol). A brownish, crystalline powder, 
C4I4NH, or tetra-iodopyrrol, soluble in ether 
and alcohol: used like iodoform, and also in the 
treatment of diabetes, etc. Dose, J-2 gr. (0.033- 
0.133 gm.). 
iodolcaffein (i"o-dol-kafe-in). A gray, tasteless 
compound, CsH10N4O2.C4l4NH: antiseptic and 
alterative. 
iodolein (i-od-o-le'in). Iodized poppyseed oil. 
iodolen (i-od'o-len). A yellowish powder, a com- 
bination of iodol and albumin: used as an anti- 
septic. 
iodolmenthol (i"o-dol-men'thol). Iodol, 99 parts; 
menthol, 1 part: antiseptic. 
iodolysin (i-o-dol'is-in). A compound of thiosin- 
amin and iodin, for the treatment of rheumatism 
and arthritis. 
iodomaisin (i"o-do-ma'sin). A preparation of iodin 
with the gluten of maize. 
iodomangan (i"o-do-man'gan). Ferromangan con- 
taining 1 per cent, of iodopeptone. 
iodomenin (i-o-dom'en-in). A proprietary iodo- 
albumin compound in tablet form: used like the 
alkaline iodids. 
iodomethan (i-o"do-meth'an). Methyl iodid. 
iodometry (i-o-dom'et-re) [iodin + Gr. perpov 
measure]. Estimation of the quantity of a chem- 
ical by titration with iodin. 
iodomuth (i-od'o-muth). A reddish-brown pow- 
der, Bi2C15H12I2O12: a bismuth preparation con- 
taining 25 per cent, of iodin. It is a stimulant, 
antiseptic, and healing agent. Dose, 5-30 gr. 
(0.333-2 gm.). 
iodon (i'o-don). A proprietary periodid of phthalic 
acid anhydrid; it gives ofi iodin and is used as an 
antiseptic. 
iodonaftan (i"o-do-naf'tan). A compound con- 
taining 3 per cent, of iodin combined with a 
naphtha product. 
iodonaphthol (i"o-do-naf'thol). Same as naphthol- 
aristol. 
iodonucleoid (i"o-do-nu'kle-oid). A brownish 
powder, insoluble in alcohol, ether, and acids, 
being a combination of iodin with nuclein. Rec- 
ommended in syphilis and said to be practically 
non-toxic. 
iodopeptid (i"o-do-pep'tid). A preparation of 
peptonized albumin which has been subjected to 
the action of iodin: used hypodermically in syphilis, 
tuberculosis, and struma. 
iodophen (i-o'do-fen). Same as nosophen. 
iodophenacetin (i"o-do-fe-nas'et-in). An anti- 
septic iodin and phenacetin compound. 
iodophenin (i"o-do-fe'nin). An iodin and phen- 
acetin substitution-product, C20H25I3N2O4; a brown 
powder, sometimes crystalline: antiseptic and anti- 
rheumatic. Dose, 75 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
iodophenochloral (i"o-do-fe-no-klo'ral). A para- 
siticide mixture of tincture of iodin, phenol, and 
chloral hydrate. 
iodophenol (i"o-do-fe'nol). lodin, 20 parts; phenol, 
76 parts; and glycerin, 4 parts: antiseptic. 
iodophil (i'o-do-fil). Easily combining with or 
staining with iodin. 
iodophilia (i"o-do-fil'e-ah) [iodin + Gr. <pi\eiv to 
love]. The reaction shown by leukocytes in 
certain conditions when treated with iodin or 
iodids. Normal leukocytes are colored bright 
yellow, but in certain pathologic conditions, as 
toxemia and severe anemia, the polymorphonu- 
clears show diffuse brownish coloration. When 
the staining affects the leukocytes themselves, it 
is turned intracellular; when only the particles 
around the leukocytes are affected, it is extra- 
cellular. 
iodoprotein (i"o-do-pro'te-in). A chemical com- 
pound of egg protein with iodin: used in the treat- 
ment of syphilis. 
iodopyrin (i"o-do-pi'rin). See iodantipyrin. 
iodoserum (i"o-do-se'rum). A preparation of iodin 
and blood-serum: used like the iodids. 
iodosin (i-o'do-sin). An artificial iodin and albu- 
min compound: for use in goiter and myxedema. 
iodosol (i'o-do-sol). A proprietary, non-staining, 
non-irritating solution of free iodin. 
iodospongin (i"o-do-spon'jin). A protein and 
iodin compound obtainable from sponge. 
iodostar in (i-o-dos'tar-in). The diiodid of stearinic 
acid, CH3(CH2)io.(CI)2.(CH2)4-COOH, a white, 
crystalline compound: used like potassium iodid. 
iodostem (i-o-dos'tem). A syrupy fluid obtained 
by concentration of grape-juice. It contains iodin 
and is used in gout, rheumatism, and disorders of 
the lymphatics. 
iodosulphate (i"o-do-sul'fat). A combination of 
a base with iodin and sulphuric acid. 
iodosyl (i-od'o-sil). A deep red, amorphous powder, 
C3H3I.OI.COOH, containing 65 per cent, of iodin: 
used as an antiseptic and analgesic in powder or 
ointment. 
iodo tannin (i"o-do-tan'in). A compound of tan- 
nin and iodin: alterative and astringent. Dose 
of syrup, 1-4 min. (0.066-0.246 c.c.). 
iodotannol (i"o-do-tan'ol). A preparation of iodin 
and tannin: used like iodoform. 
iodoterpin (i"o-do-ter'pin). A dark-brown liquid, 
CjoHigl, derived from iodin and terpin. It is an 
antiseptic, and is used like iodoform. iodo the in (i"o-do-the'in). An iodin and thein 
compound in a white, amorphous or crystalline 
powder: a heart stimulant. Dose, 2-8 gr. 
(0.13-0.5 gm.). 
iodotheobromin (i"o-do-the-o-bro'min). Theo- 
bromin, 40 parts; sodium iodid, 21.6 parts; 
and sodium salicylate, 38.4 parts: recommended 
for use in aortic insufficiency. Dose, 4-8 gr. 
(0.25-0.5 gm.). 
iodotherapy (i"o-do-ther'ap-e) [iodin + Gr. depa- 
irela treatment]. Treatment with iodin or the 
iodids. 
iodothiophen (i"o-do-thi'o-fen). Thiophen iodid, 
an antiseptic used like iodoform. 
iodothymoform (i"o-do-thi'mo-form). A patented 
yellow and nearly odorless powder derived from 
thymol, formaldehyd, and iodin. It is antisep- 
tic and germicide. 
iodothymol (i"o-do-thi'mol). See aristol. 
iodothyrein (i-o-do-thi're-in). lodothyrin. 
iodothyrin (i"o-do-thi'rin). 1. The normal iodin 
compound in the body (Baumann, 1895). 2. A 
patented amorphous, brown powder derived from 
the thyroids of sheep: used in goiter, rickets, cor- 
pulency, and myxedema. 3. A milk-sugar triturate 
of the above. Daily dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
iodothyroglobulin (i"o-do-thi-ro-glob'u-lin). A 
protein-iodin compound isolated from the thyroid, 
iodothyroidin (i"o-do-thi-roi'din). A prepa- 
ration resembling iodothyrin and used like that 
drug. 
iodo tone (i-o-do'ton). A proprietary glycerol of 
hydrogen iodid: used like the iodids. 
iodoval (i-o'do-val). A crystalline preparation, 
a-mono-iodo-isovalerianyl urea: used like iodids. 
Dose, 5 gr. (0.33 gm.). 
iodovasogen (i"o-do-vas'o-jen). An iodin and 
vasogen compound: used in skin diseases. 
iodovasol (i"o-do-va'sol). Vasol containing 7 per 
cent, of iodin. 
iodozen (i-o'do-zen). A combination of methyl 
salicylate with iodin in a fragrant powder: used 
as an external antiseptic and discutient. 
iodozone (i"o-do-zbn'). An antiseptic iodin and 
ozone compound: used for mouth-washes and 
gargles and for inhalation. 
iodpeptid (i-od-pep'tid). An iodin-albumin pre- 
paration: used in syphilis and tuberculosis. 
iodterpin (i-od-ter'pin). lodoterpin. 
iodum (i-o'dum), gen. io'di. Latin for iodin. 
iodurase (i-od'u-ras). A preparation of iodin and 
yeast: used like the iodids. 
iodylin (i-od'il-in). Bismuth iodosalicylate: used 
like iodoform. 
iodyloform (i-o-dil'o-form). A combination of 
iodin and gelatin: used as a substitute for iodo- 
form. 
iola (i-o'lah). A proprietary detergent for use in 
uterine complaints. 
iolin (i'o-lin). A stainless 20 per cent, iodin solution 
for external use. 
ion (i'on) [Gr. Iwv going]. An atom or a group of 
atoms having a charge of positive (cation) or nega- 
tive (anion) electricity. See ionic theory, under 
theory, hydrogen i., the hydrogen atom bearing 
a positive electric charge. 
ionic (i-on'ik). Pertaining to an ion or to ions. 
ionidin (i-on'id-in). A narcotic alkaloid, C19H25- 
N4O4, from California poppy, Eschscholt' zia califor'- 
nica. 
ionium (i-o'ne-um) [ion], A radio-active element 
emitting alpha rays; atomic weight, 230.5. It is 
probably a disintegration product of uranium and 
the parent of radium. 
ionization (i-on-iz-a'shun). 1. The dissociation 
of a substance in solution into its constituent ions. 
IODOTHEIN 
561 
2. Same as iontophoresis, medical i. Same as 
iontophoresis. 
ionize (i'on-iz). To separate into ions. 
ionogen (i-on'o-jen) [ion + Gr. yea to form]. A 
substance which may be ionized. 
ionogenic (i-on-o-jen'ik). Forming or supplying 
ions. 
ionometer (i-o-nom'et-er). An instrument for the 
measurement of the intensity or quantity of x-rays. 
In passing through a closed air-chamber, the x-rays 
ionize the air; the time of discharge of a condenser 
of known capacity varies with the quantity of 
x-rays passing through. 
ionone (i'on-on) [Gr. toy violet]. Artificial extract 
of violets; an odoriferous derivative of orris-root, 
prepared commercially from citral and used as a 
perfume. 
ionophose (i'o-no-foz) [Gr. lov violet + phase], A 
violet phose. 
ionotherapy (i"o-no-ther'ap-e). Ionic medica- 
tion. See ion medication, under medication. 
ion-protein (i-on-pro'te-in). A protein molecule 
combined with an inorganic ion, which is the 
form in which protein takes part in vital processes, 
iontherapy (i-on-ther'ap-e). Same as iontophoresis. 
iontophoresis (i-on"to-fo-re'sis). The introduc- 
tion, by means of the electric current, of ions of 
different sorts into the tissues of the body for thera- 
peutic purposes. Called also iontherapy, galvano- 
ionization, and medical ionization. 
iontoquantimeter (i-on"to-quan-tim'et-er) [ion + 
quantimeter], An instrument for measuring the 
quantity of Rbntgen radiation based on the fact 
that Rbntgen rays are able to ionize gases. 
iophobia (i-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. lbs poison + <pb^os 
fear]. A morbid fear of poisons. 
iosorptol (i-o-sorp'tol). A honey-like liquid, used 
in skin diseases and in veterinary practice. 
iotacism (i-o'tas-izm) [Gr. iwra letter I]. Inability 
to pronounce distinctly the sound of the letter I. 
ioterpin (i-o-ter'pin). A preparation of iodin and 
terpin hydrate used as an antiseptic dressing, 
powder, or ointment. 
iothion (i-o-thi'on). A yellow, oily fluid, diiodo- 
hydroxypropane, CH2I.CHI.CH2OH, containing 
80 per cent, of iodin: used as a means of intro- 
ducing iodin into the system by inunction in syph- 
ilis, lymphadenitis, etc. 
iothionol (i-o-thi'o-nol). A preparation containing 
25 per cent, of iothion, used in veterinary practice 
in osteitis, periostitis, lymphadenitis, struma, etc. 
I-para. Abbreviation for primipara. 
ipecac, ipecacuanha (ip'e-kak, ip"e-kak-u-an'- 
ah) [Tupi-Guarani name]. The root of Cepha'- 
elis ipecacuan'ha, a rubiaceous plant of tropical 
America. It is a local irritant, emetic in full 
doses, in small doses expectorant, diaphoretic, 
and stimulant to the stomach. It is employed in 
moderate doses as an emetic, and is given in small 
doses in laryngitis, bronchitis, chronic diarrhea, 
cholera morbus, and as a sedative in hemor- 
rhages, such as hemoptysis and uterine hemor- 
rhage. Emetic dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.); expec- 
torant dose, |-i gr. (0.011-0.066 gm.); dose of 
fluidextract, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); of syrup, 
5-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.); of wine (vi'num ipecacuan'ha), 
1-60 min. (0.066-4 c.c.); of tinctu'ra ipecacuan'hce 
et o'pii, or liquid Dover's powder, 10 min. (0.6 c.c.); 
of trochis'ca morph'ince et ipecacuan'hce, 1 or more; 
of pul'vis ipecacuan'hce compos'itus, or Dover's 
powder, 10 gr. (0.66 gm.), alcresta i., a propri- 
etary preparation of ipecac which remains inactive 
in the acid gastric juice and is not set free until it 
reaches the alkaline intestinal juices. This prep- 
aration can be administered in large doses without 
causing nausea and vomiting, deemetized i., 
ipecac deprived of its emetic properties, wild i., 
the plant Euphor'bia ipecacuan'hce, of North Amer- 
ica, an acrid cathartic and emetic. 
IPECAC ipoh (e'po). The Malay name of various arrow- 
poisons. i. aker, an arrow-poison derived from 
Strychnos wallichiana. 
ipsilateral (ip-se-lat'er-al). IpsolateraL 
ipsilene (ip'sil-en). A disinfectant gas obtained by 
heating iodoform and ethyl chlorid under pres- 
sure. 
ipsolateral (ip-so-lat'er-al) [Gr. i^os same + L. 
la'tus side]. Situated on the same side: said of 
symptoms appearing on the same side as the cere- 
bral lesion causing them. 
ipuanin (ip-u'an-in). Cephaelin iso-amyl-ether hy- 
driodid, a synthetic emetin, more amebicidal and 
less toxic than emetin. 
I. Q. Abbreviation for intelligence quotient. 
iquinin (i-kwin'in). A proprietary substitute for 
quinin. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.66 gm.). 
Ir. 1. A symbol for iridium. 2. An abbreviation for 
internal resistance. 
iralgia (i-ral'je-ah) [iris 4- Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain 
in the iris. 
irascibility (ir-as-ib-il'it-e) [L. irascib'ilis ill- 
tempered]. Morbid irritability and quickness of 
temper. 
iridadenosis (i"rid-ad-en-o'sis) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- a&qv 
gland]. A glandular disease of the iris. 
iridal (ir'id-al). Of or pertaining to the iris. 
iridalgia (i-rid-al'je-ah) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the iris. 
iridauxesis (i"rid-awk-se'sis) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- av&)- 
ais increase]. Thickening of the iris. 
iridectome (ir-id-ek'tom) [iris 4- Gr. eKrepveiv to 
cut out]. A cutting instrument for use in irid- 
ectomy. 
iridectomesodialysis (i-rid-ek"to-me-so-di-al'- 
is-is) [Gr. Tpis iris 4* eKTopq excision 4~ pea os 
middle 4- SiaXuais loosening]. The operation of 
excision and separation of the adhesions around 
the inner edge of the iris for the formation of an 
artificial pupil. 
iridectomize (ir-id-ek'tom-iz). To remove a part 
of the iris. 
iridectomy (ir-id-ek'to-me) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- eK.ro pq 
excision]. Surgical removal of a part of the iris 
by cutting, antiphlogistic i., that which is 
performed to diminish intra-ocular tension in 
inflammatory conditions, optic i., that which 
is done to enlarge a pupil when it is in any way 
abnormally small, preliminary i., preparar 
tory i., that which is performed in order to en- 
large the space through which a cataract is to be 
extracted, therapeutic i., iridectomy for the 
cure or prevention of some disease of the eye. 
iridectropium (i-rid-ek-tro'pe-um) [Gr. Tpis iris 
4- iKrpoiriov eversion]. Eversion of the iris. 
iridemia (i-rid-e'me-ah) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- atpa 
blood]. Hemorrhage from the iris. 
iridencleisis (ir"id-en-kli'sis) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- eyxXeir 
to lock in]. The strangulation of a slip of the iris 
in a corneal incision. 
iridentropium (i"rid-en-tro'pe-um) [Gr. Tpis iris 
4- evrpoTrlov inversion]. Inversion of the iris. 
irideremia (ir"id-e-re'me-ah) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- epqpla 
lack]. Absence of the iris. 
iridescence (ir-id-es'ens) [L. irides'cere to gleam 
like a rainbow]. The condition of gleaming with 
bright and changing colors. 
iridescent (ir-id-es'ent) [L. irides'cens]. Gleaming 
with bright colors like those of the rainbow. 
iridesis, iridodesis (i-rid'es-is, ir-id-od'es-is) [Gr. 
Tpis iris 4" Seals a binding]. _ The operation of 
forming a new pupil or changing the position of 
the old by tying a slip or slips of it in an opening 
made in the cornea. 
iridiagnosis (i-re-di-ag-no'sis). Iridodiagnosis. 
iridial, iridian (i-rid'e-al, i-rid'e-an). Iridic, 
iridic (i-rid'ik). Pertaining to the iris. 
IRON 
562 
iridin (ir'id-in). An oleoresin from I'ris versicolor: 
a cholagogue and aperient. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.066- 
0-333 c.c.). 
iridinol (i-rid'in-ol). A proprietary hematic altera- 
tive remedy. 
iridium (i-rid'e-um) [L. i'ris rainbow, from the tints 
of its salts], A very hard white metal; symbol, 
Ir; atomic weight, 193.1: its use as a remedy is 
chiefly homeopathic. 
iridization (ir-id-iz-a'shun). The subjective per- 
ception of an iridescent halo in glaucoma. 
irido-avulsion (i"rid-o-av-ul'shun). Complete tear- 
ing away of the iris from its periphery. 
iridocapsulitis (ir"id-o-kap-su-li'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the iris and the capsule of the lens. 
iridocele (ir-id'o-sel) [Gr. Tpis iris + KqXq hernia]. 
Hernial protrusion of a slip of the iris. 
iridoceratitis (i"rid-o-ser-at-i'tis) [Gr. tpis iris + 
Kepas cornea 4* -itis]. Inflammation of the iris and 
cornea. 
iridochoroiditis (ir"id-o-ko-roid-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the iris and the choroid. 
iridocinesia, iridocinesis (i"rid-o-sin-e'ze-ah, 
-sin'e-sis). See iridokinesia. 
iridocoloboma (ir"id-o-kol-o-bo'mah) [Gr. Tpis 
iris + KoXo^ocopa mutilation]. Congenital fissure 
or coloboma of the iris. 
iridoconstrictor (ir"id-o-kon-strik'tor). Any one 
of the short ciliary elements of the iris. 
iridocyclectomy (ir"id-o-si-klek'to-me) [Gr. Tpis 
iris + kvkXos circle 4- tKrop-q excision]. Surgical 
removal of the iris and of the ciliary body. 
iridocyclitis (ir"id-o-si-kli'tis) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- 
kvkXos circle + -tris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the iris and of the ciliary apparatus. 
iridocyclochoroiditis (i"rid-o-si"klo-ko-roi-di'tis) 
[Gr. tpis iris + kvkXos circle + choroiditis]. In- 
flammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid 
coat. 
iridocystectomy (ir"id-o-sis-tek'to-me). A plas- 
tic operation on the iris devised by Knapp. 
iridodesis (ir-id-od'es-is). Same as iridesis. 
iridodiagnosis (i"rid-o-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis 
of disease by the appearance of the iris, its color, 
markings, changes, etc. 
iridodialysis (ir"id-o-di-al'is-is) [Gr. tpis iris + 
3ia through + Xvetv to loosen]. 1. Same as core- 
dialysis. 2. The separation or loosening of the 
iris from its attachment. 3. Division or splitting 
of the iris, congenital or other, producing more 
than one pupil. 
iridodilator (i"rid-o-di-la'tor). Dilating the pupil, 
iridodonesis (ir"id-o-do-ne'sis) [Gr. tpis iris 4* 
bbvri a is tremor]. Hippus; a tremulous condition 
of the iris. 
iridokeratitis (i"rid-o-ker-at-i'tis). Same as 
iridoceratitis. 
iridokinesia, iridokinesis (i"rid-o-kin-e'ze-ah, 
-kin-e'sis) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- Kivqais movement]. 
The contraction and expansion of the iris. 
iridokinetic (i"rid-o-kin-et'ik). Pertaining to 
movements of the iris. 
iridoleptinsis (i"rid-o-lep-tin'sis) [Gr. Tpis iris 4- 
Xeirrwais attenuation]. Thinning or atrophy of 
the iris. 
iridology (i-rid-ol'o-je) [iris 4- Gr. Xbyos treatise]. 
The study of the iris, particularly of its color, 
markings, changes, etc., as associated with disease. 
iridomalacia (i"rid-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. Tpis iris 
4- paXaKla softness]. Softening of the iris. 
iridomedialysis (i"rid-o-me-de-al'is-is). Same as 
iridomesodialysis. 
iridomesodialysis (i"rid-o-me"so-di-al'is-is) [Gr. 
Tpis iris 4* pea os middle 4- biaXvvis loosening]. 
Loosening of adhesions around the inner edge of the 
iris. 
iridomotor (i"rid-o-mo'tor). Pertaining to move- 
ments of the iris. 
IRIDOMOTOR IRON 
iridoncus (i-rid-ong'kus) [Gr. 'pis iris + 67x0s 
tumor]. Tumor or swelling of the iris. 
iridoparalysis (i"rid-o-par-al'is-is) [Gr. ipis iris + 
paralysis]. Iridoplegia. 
iridoparelkysis (ir"id-o-par-el'kis-is) [Gr. 'pcs 
iris + TrapeXxuacs protraction]. Artificial displace- 
ment of the pupil by causing a prolapse of the 
iris. 
iridoperiphacitis (i"rid-o-per-if-as-i'tis) [Gr. Zpcs 
iris 4- tv epi around + <paKos lens]. Inflammation 
of the capsule of the crystalline lens. 
iridoplegia (ir"id-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. Ipcs iris + irXqyq 
stroke]. Paralysis of the sphincter of the iris, 
accommodation i., failure of the pupil to con- 
tract when an accommodative effort is made, 
complete i., iridoplegia in which the iris does 
not react to any stimulation, reflex i., failure of 
the pupil to contract under the influence of light 
or when the skin is stimulated, sympathetic i., 
iridoplegia in which the pupil does not dilate on 
irritation of the skin. 
iridoptosis (ir"id-op-to'sis) [iris + Gr. irrwais 
falling]. Prolapse of the iris. 
iridopupillary (ir"id-o-pu'pil-a-re). Pertaining 
to the iris and the pupil. 
iridorhexis (ir"id-or-eks'is) [Gr. tpis iris + pfj^cs 
rupture], 1. Rupture of the iris. 2. The tearing 
away of the iris. 
iridoschisis (ir-id-os'ke-sis). Coloboma of the iris, 
iridoschisma (i"rid-o-skiz'mah). Iridoschesis. 
iridosclerotomy (ir"id-o-skle-rot'o-me) [iris + 
sclera + Gr. Tepvecv to cut]. The puncturation of 
the sclera and of the edge of the iris. 
iridoscope (ir-id'o-skop) [iris + Gr. aKOTretv to 
view]. An instrument for viewing the interior of 
the eye. 
iridosis (i-rid-o'sis). Same as iridesis. 
iridosteresis (ir"id-o-ste-re'sis) [Gr. 'pcs iris + 
arepqats loss]. The removal of the iris or a part 
of it. 
iridotasis (i-rid-ot'as-is) [Gr. 'pis iris + raais 
stretching]. The operation of stretching the iris 
for glaucoma. 
iridotomy (ir-id-ot'o-me) [Gr. 'pcs iris + ropq cut]. 
1. An incision into the iris. 2. The formation of 
an artificial pupil by cutting the iris. 
iridovalosis (ir-id-o-val-o'sis). Oval shape of the 
pupil. 
iris (i'ris) [Gr. cpcs a rainbow or halo]. 1. The cir- 
cular pigmented membrane behind the cornea, 
perforated by the pupil. It is made up of circu- 
lar muscular fibers surrounding the pupil (sphinC- 
ter pupil'la), the band of radiating fibers by 
which the pupil is dilated (dila'tor pupil'la), and 
of a pigmentary layer behind it which is really 
a part of the retina. 2. A genus of iridaceous 
plants. 3. The rhizome of I. versicolor: purga- 
tive, emetic, and diuretic. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.666- 
1-333 .gm.); of extract, 1-2 gr. (0.066-0.133 gm.); 
of fluidextract, 5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). i. 
bombe, a condition in which the iris is howed 
forward by the collection of aqueous humor be- 
tween the iris and lens in total posterior synechia. 
Florentine i., orris-root, the fragrant rhizome 
[L. rhizo'ma iCidis] of I. florenti'na and other 
European species of iris: astringent, aromatic, and 
pectoral. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.), tremu- 
lous i., iridodonesis. 
Irish moss (i-rish maws'). See Chondrus. 
irisin (i'ris-in). A concentration or resinoid pre- 
pared from I'ris versiColor: aperient and chola- 
gogue. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133-0.266 gm.). 
irisol (ir'is-ol) A proprietary disinfectant mixture 
containing iodoform (50 per cent.) and boric acid 
(45 per cent.). 
irisopsia (i-ris-op'se-ah) [Gr. 'pis rainbow + of is 
vision]. Visual defect in which objects appear sur- 
rounded by rings of colored light. 
IRIDONCUS 
563 
iritic (i-rit'ik). Pertaining to or of the nature of 
iritis. 
iritis (i-ri'tis) [Gr. ipi$ iris + -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the iris (Schmidt, 1801). The con- 
dition is marked by pain, congestion in the ciliary 
region, photophobia, contraction of the pupil, and 
discoloration of the iris. It is caused by injury, 
syphilis, rheumatism, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, etc. 
i. catamenia'lis, iritis recurring before each 
menstrual period, plastic i., a variety in which 
the exudate consists of fibrinous matter which 
forms new tissue, purulent i., iritis in which the 
exudate is purulent, quiet i., iritis without pain 
or ciliary congestion, serous i., iritis in which the 
exudate consists of serum, spongy i., iritis with a 
fibrinous exudate, forming a spongy mass in the an- 
terior chamber, sympathetic i., a variety 
affecting a previously sound eye from sympathy 
with the other eye which has been injured. 
iritoectomy (i"rit-o-ek'to-me) [iris + Gr. eKTop-q 
excision]. Removal of a portion of the iris for 
cataract in which the pupil has been closed by in- 
flammatory deposits. 
iritomy (i-rit'o-me). Same as iridotomy. 
irocose (i'ro-kos). A proprietary preparation of 
proteoses and iron in an organic form. 
iron (i'ern) [L. fe/rum]. A metallic element found 
in certain minerals, in nearly all soils, and in min- 
eral waters: atomic weight, 55.84; specific grav- 
ity, 7-7; symbol, Fe. Iron occurs in the blood, 
especially in the hemoglobin, and is used as 
a tonic to build up the blood in anemia. The 
compounds of iron are astringent and styptic, 
i. acetate, a compound, Fe(C2H302)3, used as 
an astringent. Dose, in solution, 5-15 min. (0.3-1 
c.c.); of tincture, 10-30 min. (0.6-2 c.c.). i. 
albuminate [L. fer'ri albu'minas]. Dose, 10-20 
gr. (0.6-1.3 gm.), alcoholized i. Same as pul- 
verized i. i. alginate, a tasteless, brown, insol- 
uble powder; a salt especially valuable for its 
blandness and assimilability; a sedative and laxa- 
tive tonic. Dose, 10-15 gr. (0.66-1 gm.), i. and 
aluminum sulphate (L. fer'ri et alu'mince std'- 
phas], an astringent salt now little used. Dose, 
5-10 gr. (0.33-0.66 gm.), i. and ammonium 
acetate, dose of solution (Basham's mix- 
ture, li'quor fer'ri et ammon'ii aceto.'tis), 4-8 dr. 
(16-32 c.c.). i. and ammonium citrate [L. 
fer'ri et ammo'nii ci'tras], a substance in trans- 
parent garnet scales. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.33 
gm.), i. and ammonium sulphate [L. fer'ri et 
ammo'nii sul'phas], ammonioferric alum, FeNH4- 
(SO4)2 + i2H2O; a powerful styptic. Dose, 5-10 
gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.), i. and ammonium tar- 
trate [L. fer'ri et ammo'nii tar'tras], potassio- 
ferric tartrate; a mild chalybeate. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.3-1 gm.), i. and magnesium citrate [L. 
fer'ri et magnes'ii ci'tras], a salt in green-yellow 
scales. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.66 gm.), i. and 
potassium tartrate [L. fer'ri et potas'sii tar'- 
tras], a salt, C4H4O6(FeO)K, in brown, red, or 
garnet scales; potassioferric tartrate: a pleasant 
chalybeate. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.), i. and 
quinin citrate [L. fer'ri et quini'nce ci'tras], a 
preparation in dark-greenish golden scales. Dose, 
3"5 gr- (o.2-0.3 gm.); of solution, 3-15 min. 
(0.2-1 c.c.). i. and strychnin citrate [L. fer'ri 
et strychni'nce ci'tras], a bitter tonic substance 
in red scales. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 gm.), 
i. arsenate, ferrous arsenate, FeafAsO^.blW. 
Dose, -j gr. (0.006-0.008 gm.), i. arsenite, 
ferric arsenite, 4Fe2O3.As2O3.5H2O, a brownish- 
yellow powder, used in anemia and in pellagra in 
doses of |-i gr. (0.03-0.06). i. arsenotartrate. 
See asferryl. i. benzoate, an orange-brown pow- 
der, Fe26C7H6O2 + 6H2O. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.33 
gm.), i. bromid [L. fer'ri bro'midum], a brick- 
red, deliquescent body, FeBr2: tonic, alterative, 
and styptic. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.), i. 
cacodylate, a compound used in anemia. Dose, 
1-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 gm-); hypodermically,. | gr. (0.03 
gm.), i. carbonate [L. fer'ri car'bonas], ferrous carbonate, FeCOj: a white, flocculent or crystalline 
salt, readily convertible into ferric oxid. Dose, in 
pill (Blaud's pill, mas's a fer'ri carbona'tis), 3-5 
gr. (o.2-0.3 gm.); of saccharated carbonate, 2- 
10 gr. (0.13-0.66 gm.), i. caseinate. Same as i. 
nucleo-albuminate. i. chlorid [L. fer'ri chlo'- 
ridum], hydrous ferric chlorid, Fe2Cl8 + 12H2O: 
an orange-colored, crystalline body. Dose 
of solution (li'quor fer'ri chlo'ridi), 2-10 min. 
(0.13-0.66 c.c.); of tincture (tinctu'ra fer'ri 
chlo'ridi), 5-10 min. (0.33-0.66 c.c.). Several 
other iron chlorids are described, i. citrate 
[L. fer'ri ci'tras], ferric citrate, Fe2(C6H5O7)2 + 
6H2O: an agent in clear, garnet-colored scales. 
Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.33 gm.); of solution (li'- 
quor fer'ri citra'tis), 5-10 min. (0.33-0.66 c.c.); of 
wine (vi'num fer'ri citra'tis), 1-2 dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
i. citropyrophosphate, the official soluble 
ferric pyrophosphate, dialyzed i. [L. ferrum 
dialysa'turn], an aqueous solution of ferric oxy- 
chlorid prepared by dialysis. Dose, 5-15 min. 
(0.33-1 c.c.). i. glycerophosphate, a salt, 
Fe2[C3H5(OH)2OPO3]3, in yellow plates or in a 
greenish-gray powder; a nerve tonic. Dose, 2-5 
gr. (o. 1-0.3 gm.), i. hydroxid [L. fer'ri hy'- 
droxidum], the hydrated oxid of iron, Fe(0H)3, 
a reddish-brown substance, used as an antidote 
in poisoning by arsenous acid, in tablespoon- 
ful doses, often repeated, i. hypophosphite 
(L. fer'ri hypophos' phis], dihydric ferric hypo- 
phosphite, Fe(H2PO2)3: a white or grayish salt. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.66 gm.); of syrup, 1-2 
fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). i. iodate, ferric iodate, Fc2O3.- 
2I2O5.8H2O: said to be tasteless and not.to. injure 
the teeth. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.32 gm.), i. iodid, 
ferrous iodid, Fel2, in clear, greenish, deliquescent, 
tabular crystals: it is especially useful in scrofulous 
conditions. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.33 gm.); of sac- 
charated iodid, 5-10 gr. (0.33-0.66 gm.); of syrup, 
5-30 min. (0.33-2 c.c.). i. iodobehenate, an 
amorphous, reddish-brown powder, useful in scrof- 
ula, chlorosis, rachitis, etc. i. lactate [L. fer'ri 
lac'tas], ferrous lactate, Fe(C3H5O3)2-3H2O, a salt 
in minute, whitish-green crystals. Dose, 1-5 gr. 
(0.06-0.33 gm.), i. magnesium sulphate, 
a greenish-white powder, FeSO4.MgSO4 + 
7H2O: used in anemia. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.), 
"masked" i., iron occurring in the form of 
a complex ion. i. nucleo-albuminate, casein- 
ated iron; a tasteless preparation of casein and iron, 
i. oleate, a waxy solid; astringent and tonic, i. 
oxalate, ferrous oxalate: FeC2O4+H2O; a yellow- 
ish, crystalline powder. Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.066- 
0.13 gm.). i. phosphate [L. fer'ri phos'- 
phas], ferrosoferric phosphate; the salt is a 
compound of ferric and ferrous phosphates, 
Fe^PC^, FePO4+i2H2O. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.33- 
0.66 gm.). i. phosphate, soluble [L. fer'ri 
phos'phas solu'bilis], sodioferric citrophosphate, 
FePO4Na2H = C8H5O8+H2O. Dose, 5-10 gr. 
(0.3-0.6 gm.). pulverized i. [L. fer'rum pul- 
vera'tum], metallic iron mechanically powdered. 
Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 gm.), i. pyrophosphate 
[L. fer'ri pyrophos'phas], ferric pyrophosphate, 
Fe4(P2O7)3. The soluble and official salt (fer'ri 
pyrophos'phas solu'bilis) is a double citropyro- 
phosphate of iron and sodium. Dose, 1-5 gr. 
(0.06-0.33 gm.). Quevenne's i., reduced iron, 
reduced i. [L. fer'rum reduc'tum], finely pow- 
dered metallic iron obtained by precipitation with 
hydrogen from a solution of the oxid or carbonate. 
Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.33 gm.), i. subcarbonate 
[L. fer'ri subcar'bonas], an amorphous, brownish 
powder, consisting mainly of iron hydroxid. Dose, 
5-30 gr. (0.33-2 gm.). i. subsulphate [L. fer'ri 
subsul' phas], basic ferric sulphate, or Monsel's salt, 
Fe4O(SO4)5: in reddish-brown, transparent scales 
or in an amorphous mass; a powerful styptic, i. 
succinate, ferrous succinate, a green-gray sub- 
stance: said to be useful in cholelithiasis. Dose, 
5 gr. (0.33 gm.). Various ferric succinates are 
also prepared, i. sulphate [L. fer'ri sul'phas], 
ferrous sulphate, FeSO4+7H2O: an astringent 
IRON 
564 
tonic; used also as a deodorizer and disinfectant. 
Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.33 gm.); of dried sulphate 
(Jer'ri sul'phas exsicca'lus), 5-3 gr. (0.03-0.19 gm.); 
of granulated sulphate, 3 gr. (0.19 gm.), i. tan- 
nate, a salt in crimson scales or plates. Dose, 
8-30 gr. (0.52-2 gm.), i. valerianate [L. Jer'ri 
Valeria'nas], a dark-red, amorphous powder, Fe2- 
(C6HgO3)8: tonic and sedative. Dose, 1-3 gr. 
(0.066-0.2 gm.). i. vitellinate, a therapeutic 
preparation of egg-yolk and iron. See ovijerrin. 
irone (i'ron). The volatile oil, C13H20O, charac- 
teristic of orris oil which gives it the odor of 
violets. 
irotomy (i-rot'o-me). Same as iridotomy. 
irradiation (ir"a-de-a'shun) [L. in into + radia're 
to shine]. 1. A phenomenon in which, owing to the 
difference in the illumination of the field of vision, 
objects appear to be much larger than they really 
are. 2. Treatment by x-rays or other form of 
radio-activity. 3. The dispersion of a nervous im- 
pulse beyond the normal path of conduction. 
irreducible (ir-e-du'si-bl). Not susceptible of be- 
ing reduced. 
irregular (ir-eg'u-lar) [L. in not + reg'ula rule]. 
Not in conformity with the rule of nature; not 
recurring at regular intervals. 
irregularity of pulse. See arhythmia. 
irreinoculability (ir"e-in-ok"u-la-bil'it-e). Im- 
munity due to the effects of a previous inoculation. 
irrespirable (ir-es'pir-ab-1). That cannot be 
breathed with safety. 
irresuscitable (ir-es-us'it-a-bl). Beyond the pos- 
sibility of being revived. 
irrigate (ir'ig-at). To wash out. 
irrigation (ir-ig-a'shun) [L. irriga'tio; in into + 
riga're to carry water]. Washing by a stream of 
water or other lotion, continuous i., the steady 
maintenance of a stream of water over an in- 
flamed surface, mediate i., the passing of a 
stream of hot or cold water through a flexible 
tube coiled around a part. 
irrigator (irffg-a-tor) [L. " waterer "]. An appara- 
tus for performing irrigation. 
irrigoradioscopy (ir"ig-o-ra-de-os'ko-pe). Radios- 
copy of the intestines following the injection of a 
suspension of bismuth. 
irritability (ir"it-ab-il'it-e) [L. irritabil'itas, from 
irrita're to tease]. 1. The quality of being irri- 
table or of responding to stimuli. 2. Abnormal 
responsiveness to slight stimuli, i. of the blad- 
der, a condition in which the presence of a 
small amount of urine in the bladder produces a 
desire to urinate, chemic i., responsiveness to 
a stimulus that acts by producing a chemic 
change in the tissues, electric i., the response of 
a nerve or muscle to the stimulus of an electric 
current passed through it. faradic i., muscular 
responsiveness to faradic currents, galvanic i., 
a condition in which a galvanic current will cause 
a muscular response, mechanic i., respon- 
siveness to a mechanic stimulus, muscular i., 
the normal contractile quality of muscular tissue, 
myotatic i., the power of a muscle to contract 
in response to stretching, nervous i. 1. The 
ability of a nerve to transmit impulses. 2. Morbid 
excitability of the nervous system, specific i. 
See law of specific irritability, i. of the stomach, 
a condition of the stomach in which vomiting is 
caused by normal amounts of digestible food. 
irritable (ir'it-a-bl) [L. irritab'Uis; irrita're to 
tease]. 1. Capable of reacting to a stimulus. 
2. Abnormally sensitive to a stimulus. 
irritant (ir'it-ant) [L. i/ritans]. 1. Giving rise 
to irritation. 2. An agent that irritates. 
irritation (ir-it-a'shun) [L. irrita'tio], 1. The act 
of stimulating. 2. A state of overexcitation and 
undue sensitiveness, cerebral i., the second 
stage of brain concussion, direct i., irritation 
due to direct stimulation of a part, functional 
IRRITATION IRRITATIVE 
565 
ISO-AGGLUTINATION 
i., that which is attended with functional de- 
rangement without organic lesion; also over- 
excitability due to excessive functional activity, 
spinal i., any condition of functional derange- 
ment and nervous irritability accompanied by 
tenderness along the spinal column. 
irritative (ir'it-a-tiv). Dependent on or caused 
by irritation. 
irrumation (ir-u-ma'shun) [L. irruma're to give 
suck]. Introduction of the penis into the mouth of 
another person. 
Isambert's disease (e-zohn-berz') [Emile Isambert, 
French physician, 1828-1876]. See under disease. 
isapiol (is-a'pe-ol). An artificial form of apiol, 
used in anemic headache. 
isapogen (i-sap'o-jen). A proprietary liquid con- 
taining 6 per cent, iodin and 6 per cent, camphor: 
used in rheumatic, tuberculous, and syphilitic 
conditions by inunction. 
isarol (i'sa-rol). A dark brown, sticky fluid. It 
has the antizymotic and astringent properties of 
ichthyol. Called also ichthyodin. 
isatin (i'sat-in). A crystalline compound, CgH5NO2, 
formed by the oxidation of indigo. 
isatophan (i-sat'o-fan). A proprietary yellow crys- 
talline powder, CH3O.C7H4N.C6H5.COOH, a 
methoxy derivative of atophan: used like atophan. 
isatropylcocain (i-sat-ro-pil-ko'ka-in). An alka- 
loid, C19H22NO4, from coca leaves. 
ischemia, ischaemia (is-ke'me-ah) [Gr. lax^ to 
hold back + alpa blood]. Local and temporary 
deficiency of blood, chiefly due to the contrac- 
tion of a blood-vessel, i. ret'inae, anemia of the 
retina (Graefe). 
ischemic (is-kem'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with ischemia. • 
ischesis (is-ke'sis) [Gr. to hold]. Retention 
or suppression of a discharge. 
ischia (is'ke-ah). Plural of ischium. 
ischiac, ischiadic (is'ke-ak, is ke-ad'ik). Same as 
ischiatic. 
ischiadelphus (is"ke-ad-el'fus) [Gr. laxiov hip + 
abeX<pbs brother], Ischiodidymus. 
ischialgia (is-ke-ahje-ah) [Gr. iax<-ov hip + aXyos 
pain]. Neuralgia of the hip; sciatica. 
ischias (is'ke-as). Ischialgia. 
ischiatic (is-ke-at'ik) [L. ischiat'icus]. Pertaining 
to the ischium or to the haunch. 
ischiatitis (is"ke-at-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
ischiatic nerve. 
ischidrosis (is-kid-ro'sis) [Gr. iaxeiv *to check + 
l5pw<tis sweat]. Suppression of the secretion of 
sweat. 
ischio-anal (is"ke-o-a'nal) [Gr. lox^ou hip + anus]. 
Pertaining to the ischium and anus. 
ischiobulbar (is"ke-o-bul'bar) [Gr. laxiov hip + 
L. bul'bus bulb]. Pertaining to the ischium and 
the bulb of the urethra. 
ischiocapsular (is"ke-o-kap'su-lar) [Gr. Icry^lov hip 
+ L. cap'sula capsule]. Pertaining to the ischium 
and the capsular ligament of the hip-joint. 
ischiocavernosus (is"ke-o-kav-er-no'sus) [Gr. 
iaxi'OV hip + L. caverno'sus cavernous]. The 
erector penis muscle. 
ischiocele (is'ke-o-sel) [Gr. loxiov hip + k^Xt] 
hernia]. Hernia through the sacrosciatic notch. 
ischiococcygeal (is"ke-o-kok-sij'e-al). Pertaining 
to the ischium and coccyx. 
ischiococcygeus (is"ke-o-kok-sij'e-us) [Gr. laxiov 
hip + kokkv^ coccyx]. 1. The coccygeus muscle. 
2. The posterior part of the levator ani. 
ischiodidymus (is"ke-o-did'im-us) [Gr. tcrxiov hip 
+ btbvpos twin]. A twin monster united at the 
hips. 
ischiodymia (is"ke-o-dim'e-ah) [Gr. laxiov hip + 
blbvpos twin]. The union of twin monsters by 
the bones of the ischium. 
ischiofemoral (is"ke-o-fem'dr-al) [Gr. laxlov hip 
+ L. fdmur thigh]. Pertaining to the ischium 
and femur. 
ischioflbular (is"ke-o-fib'u-lar). Pertaining to the; 
ischium and the fibula. 
ischiohebotomy (is"ke-o-he-bot'o-me) [Gr. utx'w 
hip + t/^t] pubes + Topy cut]. The operation of 
dividing the ischiopubic ramus and the ascending 
ramus of the pubes. 
ischiomenia (is"ke-o-me'ne-ah) [Gr. iox^ to 
check + prjves menses]. Suppression of the men- 
strual flow. 
ischioneuralgia (is^ke-o-nu-rahje-ah) [ischium + 
neuralgia]. Neuralgia of the hip; sqiatica. 
ischiopagia, ischiopagy (is"ke-o-pa'je-ah, is-ke- 
op'aj-e). Monstrosity or teratism of the kind 
exhibited by the ischiopagus. 
ischiopagus (is-ke-op'ag-us) [Gr. lax^ov hip + 
Tray os fixation]. A monster with two heads and 
with the bodies united at the hips. 
ischioperineal (is"ke-o-per-in-e'al). Pertaining 
to the ischium and perineum. 
ischiopubic (is"ke-o-pu'bik). Pertaining to the 
ischium and pubes. 
ischiopubiotomy (is"ke-o-pu-be-ot'o-me). Ob- 
stetric division of the ischiopubic and horizontal 
branches of the os pubis. 
ischiorectal (is"ke-o-rek'tal). Pertaining to the 
ischium and rectum. 
ischiosacral (is"ke-o-sa'kral). Pertaining to the 
ischium and sacrum. 
ischiovaginal (is"ke-o-vaj'in-al). Pertaining to 
the ischium and vagina. 
ischiovertebral (is"ke-o-ver'te-bral). Pertaining 
to the ischium and the vertebral column. 
ischium (is'ke-um), pl. is'chia [L.; Gr. laxlov hip]. 
The lower dorsal part of the innominate bone. 
ischochymia (is-ko-kim'e-ah) [Gr. iaxeti' to sup- 
press + xvpos chyme]. Suppression of gastric 
digestion; Einhorn's term for dilatation of the 
stomach, so called because stagnation of the food 
is the essential symptom of the disease. 
ischogalactic (is"ko-gal-ak'tik) [Gr. laxM to sup- 
press + 7<zXa milk]. Suppressing the secretion 
of milk; also an agent so acting. 
ischomenia (is-ko-me'ne-ah) [Gr. tax^ to sup- 
press -[- prjves menses]. Suppression of the 
menses. 
ischuretic (is-ku-ret'ik) [Gr. lax^v to check -f- 
ovpov urine] Pertaining to ischuria. 
ischuria (is-ku're-ah) [Gr. laxM to check + ovpou 
urine]. Suppression or retention of the urine, 
i. paradox'a, a condition in which the bladder 
is overdistended with urine, although the patient 
continues to urinate. 
isinglass (i'sin-glas). See ichthyocolla. 
island (i'land). An isolated part or structure, 
blood-i. See. blood-island, i's of Langerhans, 
irregular structures in the pancreas composed 
of cells smaller than the ordinary secreting cells. 
These masses of cells are thought to produce an 
internal secretion which is connected with the 
metabolism of carbohydrates, and their degenera- 
tion is supposed to be one of the causes of diabetes, 
olfactory i's, masses of distorted pyramidal 
cells in the gray matter of the olfactory portion 
of the brain. Pander's i's, reddish-yellow areas 
of corpuscular matter in the splanchnopleure of 
the embryo, i. of Reil, the insula: a group 
of small cerebral convolutions (gyri operti) in the 
fissure of Sylvius, covered by the operculum. 
Called also lobus centralis. 
islet (i'let). A cluster of cells or an isolated piece 
of tissue. 
iso-agglutination (i"so-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). Ag- 
glutination of cells of an individual of one species 
by the agglutinins of another individual of the 
same species. ISO-AGGLUTININ 
566 
ISOMERIC 
iso-agglutinin (i"so-ag-hi'tin-in). An agglutinin 
which is capable of agglutinating the red cor- 
puscles of other individuals of the same species 
as that in which it is developed. An iso-agglutinin 
is formed in the blood of an animal by the in- 
jection of blood of another animal of the same 
species. 
iso-amylamin (i"so-am-il-am'in). A liquid pto- 
main, (CH3)2CH.CH2CH2NH2, obtainable from stale 
yeast, cod-liver oil, and other sources, especially 
the distillation of horn with potassium hydroxid. 
Leucin by the loss of CO2 becomes iso-amylamin. 
iso-amylen (i-so-am'il-en). See penial. 
iso-apiol (i-so-a'pe-ol). Same as isapiol. 
isobody (i'so-bod-e). An antibody which is active 
for tissues of other animals of the same species as 
the animal from which it is derived. 
isobolism (i-sob'o-lizm) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- ^aWeiv 
to throw]. The tendency of motor nerve-fibers 
to undergo maximal excitation on stimulation 
(Gotch, 1902; Verworn, 1912). 
isocellular (i-so-sel'u-lar) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- L. 
cel'lula cell]. Made up of equal and similar cells. 
isocholesterin (i"so-ko-les'ter-in). An isomeric 
form of cholesterin found in lanolin. Same as 
phrenosterol. 
isochromatic (i"so-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- 
Xpwpa color]. Of the same color throughout. 
isochromatophil, isochromatophile (i"so-kro- 
mat'o-fil) [Gr. Zaos equal 4* xpwpa color 4- tpiXeiv 
to love]. Staining equally with the same dye. 
isochronal, isochronic (i-sok'ron-al, i-so-kron'- 
ik). Isochronous. 
isochronous (i-sok'ron-us) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- xpovos 
time]. Performed in equal times: said of vibra- 
tions of one thing that take place at the same 
time and continue as long as those in another. 
isochroous (i-sok'ro-us) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- xpoa 
color]. Isochromatic. 
isococain (i"so-ko-ka'in). A patented artificial 
alkaloid; a local anesthetic, more speedy in its 
action than cocain, but not suited for use in eye 
treatment. 
isocolloid (i-so-kol'oid). A colloid having the same 
composition in both phases-the disperse phase 
and the dispersion medium. 
isocomplement (i-so-kom'ple-ment). A comple- 
ment from the same individual, or one of the same 
species, which furnishes the amboceptor. 
isocomplementophilic (i"so-kom-ple-men-to-fil'- 
ik). Having affinity for isocomplements. 
isocoria (i-so-ko're-ah) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- Kopq 
pupil]. Equality in size of the two pupils. 
isocreatinin (i"so-kre-at'in-in). A base similar to 
creatinin found in the muscle of fish. 
isocyanid (i-so-si'an-id). One of a class of organic 
cyanids characterized by their disagreeable odor 
and formed by heating silver cyanid with alkyl 
iodids. Called also carbylamin. 
isocyclic (i-so-sik'lik) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- k6kXos 
circle]. A term for a closed chain compound in 
which all the atoms are of the same element; called 
also carbocyclic. 
isocytolysin (i"so-si-tol'is-in) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- 
cytolysin]. A cytolysin which acts on the cells 
of animals of the same species as that from which 
it is derived. 
isocytotoxin (i"so-si-to-tok'sin). A cytotoxin which 
destroys homologous cells of the same species. 
isodiametric (i"so-di-am-et'rik) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- 
3ia through 4~ pirpov measure]. Having equal 
diameters or a uniform diameter. 
isodispersoid (i"so-dis-per'soid). Same as isocol- 
loid. 
isodulcite (i-so-dul'sit). Rhamnose. 
isodynamic (i"so-di-nam'ik) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- 
bvvapis power]. Generating equal amounts of 
force in heat units. 
isodynamogenic (i"so-di-nam-o-jen'ik) [Gr. Zaos 
equal 4- Swa/us power 4- -yev to produce]. Pro- 
ducing equal nerve force. 
iso-electric (i"so-e-lek'trik) [Gr. Zaos equal + 
electric]. Uniformly electric throughout, or having 
the same electric potential, and therefore giving off 
no current, i.-e. point. See under point. 
iso-energetic (i"so-en-er-jet'ik). Exhibiting equal 
energy. 
isoform (i'so-form). A white, antiseptic powder, 
para-iodo-anisol, CHsO.CgHJCh, because of its 
explosive properties it is marketed mixed with 
equal parts of calcium phosphate or glycerin. 
isogame (i-sog'am-e) [Gr. Zaos equal + yapos mar- 
riage], Sexual conjugation in protozoa, in which 
the gametes are similar and equal in all respects. 
isogamous (i-sog'am-us) [see isogame]. Having the 
conjugating parts equal. 
isogamy (i-sog'am-e). Isogame. 
isogenesis (i-so-jen'es-is) [Gr. Zaos equal + yeveois 
production]. Similarity in the processes of devel- 
opment. 
isograft (i'so-graft). A graft taken from a person 
other than the patient. 
isohemagglutinin (i"so-hem-ag-lu'tin-in). See 
under hemagglutinin. 
isohemolysin (i"so-he-mol'is-in) [Gr. Zeros equal 
4- hemolysin]. A hemolysin which acts on the 
blood of animals of the same species as that from 
which it is derived. 
isohemolysis (i"so-he-mol'is-is). Hemolysis of the 
blood-corpuscles of an animal by the serum from 
another animal of the same species. 
isohypercytosis (i"so-hi-per-si-to'sis) [Gr. Zeros 
equal + Inrep over + kvtos cell]. Increase in the 
number of leukocytes, with normal proportion of 
neutrophil cells. 
isohypocytosis (i"so-hi-po-si-to'sis) [Gr. Zeros equal 
+ vtto under + kvtos cell]. Decrease in the num- 
ber of leukocytes, with normal proportion of neu- 
trophil cells. 
isokreatinin (i"so-kre-at'in-in). A ptomain from 
decaying fish, crystallizable in a yellow powder, 
C4H7N3O: isomeric with kreatinin. 
isolactose (i-so-lak'tos). A disaccharid formed 
from lactose by the action of an enzyme. 
isolate (i'so-lat). To separate from other persons, 
materials, or objects. 
isolation (i-so-la'shun). The separation of per- 
sons having a contagious disease. ' 
isoleucin (i-so-lu'sin). An amino-acid, ethyl- 
methyl-alpha-amino-propionic acid, CHsfCaHs).- 
CH(NH2).COOH, isolated as a decomposition 
product of fibrin and other proteins by F. Ehrlich 
(1903). 
isolysin (i-sol'is-in) [Gr. 'loos equal + lysin]. See 
hemolysin. 
isolysis (i-sol'is-is). Hemolysis caused by an iso- 
lysin. 
isolytic (i-sol-it'ik). Pertaining to or caused by 
an isolysin or by isolysis. 
isomaltose (i-so-mawl'tbs). An isomeric form of 
maltose formed by treating glucose with strong 
acids or by the action of maltase on glucose. 
isomastigote (i-so-mas'tig-ot) [Gr. 'Laos equal + 
patiTL^ lash]. Having two equal and similar 
flagella at the anterior pole. 
isomer (i'so-mer) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- pepos part]. 
Any one of a number or set of isomeric sub- 
stances. 
isomeric (i-so-mer'ik) [Gr. Zaos equal 4- pepos part]. 
Having the same number of atoms, but differing 
in the order in which the atoms are arranged in 
the molecule: said of chemical substances. When 
the substances have the same percentage of com- ISOMERID 
position and the same molecular weights they are 
said to be metameric; when they have the same 
percentage of composition but different molecular 
weights, they are called polymeric. 
isomer id (i-som'er-id). Same as isomer. 
isomerism (i-som'er-izm) [Gr. Igos equal + pepos 
part]. The property of being isomeric, nu- 
cleus i., isomerism between bodies which ap- 
pear to differ only in the mode of connection of 
their carbon nuclei, physical i., the isomerism 
of bodies which are chemically identical but 
physically different, place-i., isomerism in 
which two or more chemically isomeric bodies 
appear to differ only in the arrangement of the 
atoms attached to their nuclei, stereochemic 
i., isomerism in which the atoms are the same and 
are connected in the same way, but are arranged 
differently in the molecule. 
isomerous (i-som'er-us). Isomeric. 
isometric (i-so-met'rik) [Gr. laos equal + per poo 
measure], i. Of equal dimensions. 2. Not iso- 
tonic. 
isometropia (i"so-met-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. 'Zeros equal + 
per pov measure + eye]. Equality in the re- 
fraction of the two eyes. 
isomicrogamete (i-so-mi-kro-gam'et) [Gr. 'Igos 
equal + microgamete}. A protozoan sexual cell or 
gamete of a small size, but equal in size to the 
gamete with which it conjugates. 
isomorphic (i-so-mor'fik). Isomorphous. 
isomorphism (i-so-mor'fizm) [Gr. Igos equal -|- 
pop^V form]. The quality of being isomorphous. 
isomorphous (i-so-mor'fus) [Gr. Igos equal + pop- 
<pr] form]. Having the same form. 
isomuscarin (i-so-mus'kar-in). A basic substance 
formed by oxidizing cholin. It is isomeric with 
muscarin, but has different physiologic properties. 
isonaphthol (i-so-naf 'thol). A crystalline antiseptic 
derived from naphthalene: isomeric with naphthol. 
isonephrotoxin (i"so-nef-ro-tok'sin) [Gr. Igos equal 
+ nephrotoxin]. A nephrotoxin which acts on 
cells of the animals of the same species from which 
it is derived. 
isonitroso-antipyrin (i"so-ni-tro"so-an-te-pi'rin). 
A diuretic and antipyretic compound, CHHn- 
N3O2. 
isonormocytosis (i"so-nor-mo-si-to'sis) [Gr. Igos 
equal + normocyte]. The condition in which the 
leukocytes of the blood are normal, both in actual 
number and in the relative proportion of the various 
sorts. Called also dinor mocy to sis and normonormo- 
cytosis. 
isopathy (i-sop'ath-e) [Gr. 'Igos equal + iraOos ill- 
ness]. Treatment by administering either a part 
of the organ or tissue affected (J. F. Hermann, 
1848) or the virus that causes the disease. 
isopelletierin (i"so-pel-e-ti'e-rin). A liquid alka- 
loid, CsH15NO, from the root-bark of pome- 
granate: its tannate and sulphate are used against 
tapeworms. Dose, 10-20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.); 
of sulphate, 3-6 gr. (o.2-0.4 gm.); of tannate, 
12-24 gr- (0.78-1.56 gm.). 
isopepsin (i-so-pep'sin). Pepsin modified by heat, 
isophan (i'so-fan) [Gr. 'Igos equal + <pav- to show]. 
A hybrid which looks like other hybrids, but yet has 
a different germinal constitution. 
isophoria (i-so-fo're-ah) [Gr. 'Igos equal + <popos 
bearing]. Equality in the tension of the vertical 
muscles of each eye; absence of hyperphoria and 
of hypophoria. 
isopia (i-so'pe-ah) [Gr. 'Igos equal + up vision]. 
Equality of vision in the two eyes. 
isoplastic (i-so-plas'tik) [Gr. Igos equal + plastic]. 
Taken from another animal of the same species: 
said of transplantation. 
isopral (i'so-pral). Trichlorisopropyl alcohol, 
CCI3CHOH.CH3, a white, crystalline substance, 
567 
soluble in ether, alcohol, and water. It is used as 
a hypnotic like chloral hydrate. 
isoprecipitin (i"so-pre-sip'it-in). A precipitin 
which is active against the serum of animals of 
the same species as the animal from which it is 
derived. 
isoprene (i'so-pren). A hydrocarbon, CH?: C(CH3)- 
C : CH?, formed in the dry distillation of rubber. 
isopropyl (i-so-pro'pil). The univalent radical, 
(CH3)2CH. 
isopropylaminoacetic acid. See valin. 
isopters (i-sop'terz) [Gr. 'loos equal + b-m-qp ob- 
server]. The curves in the field of vision that 
denote equality of visual acuity (Hirschberg). 
isoscope (i'so-skop) [Gr. loos equal + oKoireiv to 
view]. An apparatus for observing the changes of 
position of the horizontal and vertical lines in the 
movements of the eyeball. 
isoserin (i-so-se'rin). A compound, CH2NH2.- 
CHOH.COOH, isomeric with serin. 
isoserotherapy (i"so-se-ro-ther'pa-e). Treatment 
by use of an isoserum. 
isoserum (i-so-se'rum) [Gr. loos equal + serum]. A 
serum obtained from a person who has had the same 
disease as the patient who is being treated. 
isosmotic (i-sos-mot'ik) [Gr. iaos equal + osmotic]. 
Having the same osmotic pressure. See isosmotic 
solution, under solution. 
Isos'pora horn'inis. A coccidian the oocysts of 
which have been found in human feces. 
isospore (i'so-spor) [Gr. 'Zeros equal + airopos seed]. 
A non-sexual spore that develops directly into 
an adult without conjugation. See anisospore. 
isotamieutic (i"so.-tam-e-u'tik) .[Gr. la os equal + 
Taucevecv to save]. Sparing equally. 
isotherapy (i-so-ther'ap-e) [Gr. loos equal + 
Oepairela treatment]. Same as isopathy. 
isothermal (i-so-ther'mal) [Gr. la os equal + Dcppy 
heat]. Having the same temperature. 
isothiocyanate (i-so-thi-o-si'an-at). A salt of iso- 
thiocyanic acid, acrynyl-i., a compound, C7H7- 
O.NCS, found in white mustard. allyl i., a 
compound, C3Hg.NCS, found in oil of mustard, 
butyl i., a compound, CH3.CH2(CH3)NCS, found 
in horseradish, phenyl-ethyl i., a compound, 
CH3.CH2(C6H5)NCS, found in oil of mignonette. 
isothymol (i-so-thi'mol). Carvacrol. 
isotonia (i-so-to'ne-ah) [Gr. la os equal + twos 
tone]. 1. The normal resistance of parts of ele- 
ments to stimuli or other influences. 2. Equality 
in tension between two elements of a solution or be- 
tween two solutions. 
isotonic (i-so-ton'ik) [Gr. la os equal + twos tone]. 
Having a uniform tonicity or tension, i. solu- 
tions are those which have the same osmotic 
pressure. 
isotonicity (i"so-to-nis'it-e). The quality of be- 
ing isotonic. 
isotopes (i'so-tops) [Gr. 'Laos equal + tottos place]. 
Two or more chemical elements that are identical 
in chemical properties, have the same atomic num- 
ber, but differ in atomic weight. See Table. 
ISOTOPES 
Atomic Name of Element. 
Atomic 
Number. 
Weight. 
3 
Lithium 
.... 6 
3 
Lithium 
.... 7 
5 
Boron • 
.... IO 
5 
Boron 
.... II 
IO 
Neon 
20 
IO 
Neon 
.... 22 
12 
Magnesium 
24 
12 
Magnesium 
.... 25 
12 
Magnesium 
.... 26 
14 
Silicon 
.... 28 
14 
Silicon 
.... 29 
TABLE OF ISOTOPES. ISOTOPES 
38 ISUTAN 
isotoxic (i-so-tok'sik). Same as isolytic. 
isotoxin (i-so-tok'sin) [Gr. Zeros equal + toxin]. 
A toxin formed in an animal by the inoculation 
of material from another animal of the same 
species. 
isotransplant (i-so-trans'plant) [Gr. Zeros equal + 
transplant]. A piece of tissue taken from one indi- 
vidual and transplanted into another individual of 
the same species. 
iso transplantation (i"so-trans-plan-ta'shun). The 
making of an isotransplant. 
isotrimorphism (i"so-tri-mor'fizm) [Gr. Zeros equal 
+ rpeis three + pop<pi) form]. Isomorphism be- 
tween the three forms of two trimorphous sub- 
stances. 
iso trimorphous (i"so-tri-mor'fus). Having the 
quality of isotrimorphism. 
isotropic, isotropous (i-so-trop'ik, i-sot'ro-pus) 
[Gr. 'laos equal + TpoTTr/ turn]. Having like 
properties in all directions, as in a cubic crystal. 
isotypical (i-so-tip'ik-al) [Gr. laos equal + typical]. 
Of the same type. 
isouretin (i-so-u-re'tin). Formamidoxim, NH2.- 
CH : NOH, a compound isomeric with urea. 
ispaghul (is'pag-ul). A plant of East India, 
Planta'go is'paghula. The seeds contain a large 
amount of mucilage. 
issue (is'yu). A suppurating sore made and kept 
open by inserting an irritant substance, i.-pea, 
a pellet of orris-root, ivy-wood, or other mate- 
rial used in making and maintaining an issue. 
istarin (is'tar-in). A substance said to be obtain- 
able from brain tissue. 
isthmian, isthmic (is'me-an, is'mik). Pertaining 
to any isthmus, as the isthmus faucium. 
isthmitis (is-mi'tis). Inflammation of the isth- 
mus of the fauces. 
isthmocholosis (is"mo-ko-lo'sis) [Gr. laOpos isth- 
mus + xoXij bile]. Faucial catarrh with bilious 
disturbance. 
isthmoplegia (is-mo-ple'je-ah) [Gr. laOpbs isthmus 
+ stroke]. Paralysis of the isthmus 
faucium. 
isthmus (isth'mus, ist'mus, is'mus) [Gr. laOpos]. 
A narrow strip of tissue or a narrow passage con- 
necting two larger parts, aortic i., i. aor'tse 
[B N A], a narrow part of the aorta, seen especially 
in the fetus, at the point where the ductus arte- 
riosus is attached. i. cartilag'inis au'ris [BN 
A], a bridge of cartilage connecting the cartilage of 
the external auditory meatus with the main part 
of the cartilage of the auricle, i. of the eusta- 
chian tube, the narrowest part of the eusta- 
chian tube. i. fau'eium [B N A], the passage be- 
tween the mouth and the fauces. Guyon's i., a 
prolongation and narrowing of the internal os uteri, 
i. gyri fornica'ti [B N A], the narrow convolu- 
tion joining the gyrus fornicatus and the uncinate 
gyrus. Haller's i., the fretum of Haller. His' 
i., isthmus rhombocephali. Krbnig's i., a nar- 
row, ribbon-like area of resonance extending over 
the shoulder and connecting the larger areas of 
Krbnig in front and behind, i. of limbic lobe. 
Same as i. gyri fornicati. i. prosta'tae [B N A], 
the middle lobe of the prostate, rhomboceph- 
alic i., the anterior part of the rhombencephalon 
where it connects with the mesencephalon, i. of 
the thyroid, the band or strip of tissue that con- 
nects the lobes of the thyroid gland, i. tu'b» 
auditi'vae [B N A], the narrowest part of the 
eustachian tube. i. tu'bae uteri'ni [B N A], the 
narrow part of the fallopian tube where it joins the 
uterus, i. u'teri, Guyon's isthmus. 
istizin (is'tiz-in). An orange-yellow crystalline 
powder, dioxyanthraquinone, used as a purgative. 
isuria (i-su're-ah) [Gr. iaos equal + ovpov urine]. 
Excretion of urine at a uniform rate. 
isutan (is'u-tan). Same as bismutan. 
568 
Atomic Name of Elements. 
Number. 
Atomic 
Weight. 
17 
Chlorin 
• 35 
17 
Chlorin 
• 37 
17 
Chlorin 
• 39 
18 
Argon 
• 36 
18 
Argon... 
• 40 
19 
Potassium 
• 39 
19 
Potassium 
• 4i 
28 
Nickel 
• 58 
28 
Nickel 
. 60 
35 
Bromin 
• 79 
35 
Bromin 
. 81 
36 
Krypton 
• 78 
36 
Krypton 
. 80 
36 
Krypton 
. 82 
36 
Krypton 
• 83 
36 
Krypton 
• 84 
36 
Krypton 
. 86 
37 
Rubidium 
• 85 
37 
Rubidium 
.87 
49 
Tin 
. 116 
49 
Tin 
.117 
49 
Tin 
.118 
49 
Tin 
.119 
49 
Tin 
. 120 
49 
Tin 
. 121 
49 
Tin 
.122 
49 
Tin 
.124 
54 
Xenon 
.129 
54 
Xenon 
.131 
54 
Xenon 
.132 
54 
Xenon 
• 134 
54 
Xenon. 
. 136 
80 
Mercury 
.197-200 
80 
Mercury 
. 202 
80 
Mercury 
. 204 
81 
Actinium D 
. 206 
81 
Thorium D 
. 208 
82 
Actinium E (lead) 
. 206 
82 
Radium G (lead) 
. 206 
82 
Thorium E (lead) 
. 208 
82 
Lead 
. 207.2 
82 
Actinium B 
. 210 
82 
Radium D 
. 210 
82 
Thorium B 
. 212 
82 
Radium B 
. 214 
83 
Bismuth 
208 
83 
Actinium C 
. 210 
83 
Radium E 
. 210 
83 
Thorium C 
. 212 
83 
Radium C 
. 214 
84 
Radium F (polonium) 
. 210 
84 
Actinium A 
.214 
84 
Thorium A 
. 2l6 
84 
Radium A 
. 2l8 
86 
Actinium emanation 
.218 
86 
Thorium emanation 
. 220 
86 
Radium Emanation (niton) 
. 222 
88 
Actinium X 
. 222 
88 
Thorium X 
. 224 
88 
Radium. 
. 226 
88 
Mesothorium 1 
. 228 
89 
Actinium 
. 226 
89 
Mesothorium 2 
. 228 
90 
Radioactinium 
. 226 
90 
Radiothorium .. 
. 228 
90 
Ionium 
.230 
90 
Uranium Y 
.230 
90 
Thorium 
.232.1 
90 
Uranium Xi 
.234 
9i 
Protoactinium 
.230 
9i 
Uranium X2 
• 234 
92 
Uranium II 
• 234 
92 
Uranium I 
. 238.18 
See also Table of the Radio-active Elements. ITALIAN METHOD 
569 
IZAL 
Italian method (it-al'yan). See under rhinoplasty. 
Itard's catheter (e-tahrz') [Jean Marie Gaspard 
Hard, French otologist, 1774-1838]. See catheter. 
itch (itsh). See scabies, bakers'i., a skin disease 
affecting the hands of bakers, and due to the 
irritation produced by yeast and dough, bar- 
bers' i. See tinea sycosis, bath i., pruritus due 
to bathing in cold water. Bedouin i., a vesiculo- 
papular eruption of Algeria, analogous to lichen 
tropicus, bricklayers' i., eczema in brick- 
layers caused by the caustic action of lime, coo lie- 
i., an itching disease, of unknown cause, of hot 
countries, probably uncinariasis, copra i., a 
dermatitic eruption affecting workers in copra and 
caused by the presence of an acarus (Tyroglyphus) 
found in that material, dew i. Same as ground-i. 
dhobie i., the name given to tinea cruris in cer- 
tain tropical countries, where it assumes a form 
more intensely inflammatory than in temperate 
climates. Cf. tinea cruris, frost-i. See pruritus 
hiemalis. grain i., an urticarial eruption in those 
who handle grain, caused by Pediculoides ven- 
triculosus and Ditropenotus aureoviridis. grocers' 
i., an eczema of the hands peculiar to grocers, 
and said to be sometimes due to a sugar-mite. 
ground-i., the itching eruption caused by the 
entrance into the skin of the larvae of uncinaria. 
Called also foot-itch, toe-itch, dew-itch, mazamorra, 
and wet-weather itch, lumbermen's i., pruritus 
hiemalis. Malabar i., a skin disease occurring 
on the Malabar coast, believed to be a variety of 
tinea trichophytina. millers' i. See Pedicu- 
loides. miners' i., ground itch. Norway 
i., an itch produced by a species of Sarcop'tes 
parasitic on the wolf, prairie i., a name for 
various skin affections marked by pruritus, and 
seen among farmers, lumbermen, etc., due prob- 
ably to uncleanliness and the irritation of coarse 
underclothing, straw-i., straw-bed i., a der- 
matitis accompanied by itching, caused by a mite, 
Pediculoides ventriculo'sus, which preys on the lar- 
vae of a certain insect which lives on straw. The 
disease affects persons who sleep on mattresses 
containing infected straw. Called also dermatitis 
schambergi. summer i., prurigo aestivalis, 
swamp i., toe i., ground-itch, warehouse- 
men's i., eczema of the hands affecting those who 
handle goods in a warehouse, washerwomen's 
i., psoriasis or eczema on the hands of washer- 
women. water-i. See panighao. winter-i., 
pruritus hiemalis. 
itch-disease. See under disease. 
itch-mite (itsh'mlt). Sarcoptes scabiei. 
itching (itsh'ing). Pruritus; a teasing irritation of 
the skin. 
itchol (itsh'ol). A proprietary ointment for the 
relief of itching, containing iodoform, phenol, oil 
of eucalyptus, etc. 
iter (i'ter) [L.]. A way or tubular passage, i. 
ad infundibuTum, the passage from the third 
ventricle to the infundibulum, i. a ter'tio ad 
quar'tum ventric'ulum, the aqueduct of Syl- 
vius. i. chor'dse ante'rius, the opening by 
which the. chorda tympani nerve leaves the tym- 
panum. i. chor'dse poste'rius, the passage by 
which the chorda tympani nerve enters the tym- 
panum. i. den'tium, the passage through 
which a permanent tooth makes its appearance. 
iteral (i'ter-al, it'er-al). Pertaining to an iter. 
-ites [Gr. ires, a masculine termination agreeing 
with 6b pa/, dropsy (understood)-e. g., tympanites, 
the windy dropsy]. A termination indicating 
dropsy of the part to the name of which it is at- 
tached. 
ithycyphos, ithyokyphosis (ith-is-i'fos, ith"- 
e-o-ki-fo'sis) [Gr. Idvs straight + kv<p6s humped]. 
Backward projection of the spinal column. 
ithylordosis (ith"e-lor-do'sis) [Gr. 'Ms straight 4- 
XopSwais bending forward]. Lordosis without 
any lateral curvature. 
-itis [Gr. ms, a feminine adjectival termination 
agreeing with vbaos (understood)-e. g., neuritis = 17 
vevpms vbaos, the disease of the nerves, which soon 
becomes the inflammatory disease]. A termination 
denoting inflammation of the part to the name of 
which it is attached. 
itrol (it'rol). Silver citrate, CO.OAg.C(OH).(CH2.- 
C00Ag)2, a light, tasteless powder, slightly 
soluble in water. It is antiseptic, and is used for 
gonorrhea, gleet, wounds, and skin diseases, and 
in mouth-washes, gargles, and ointments, in 1-2 
per cent, ointment or 1 : 4000 solution. 
itrosyl (it'ro-sil). Concentrated nitrous ether. 
ittiolo (it-e-o'lo). A brownish-black syrupy liquid, 
ammonium sulphoicbthyolate, a distillate from the 
bituminous shales of Siffoni Vallepiana, Italy: used 
like ichthyol. 
I. U. Abbreviation for immunizing unit. 
ivain (i'va-in). A bitter, yellow substance from 
Achil'lea moscha'ta. 
ivaol (i'va-ol). A thick, fragrant, oily substance 
obtained by distillation from Achil'lea moscha'ta. 
ivory (i'vo-re) [L. ibur, ebuineus]. 1. The bone- 
like substance of the tusks or teeth of elephants. 
2. Dentin, i. black. Same as animal charcoal. 
Ixodes (iks-o'dez) [Gr. like bird-lime]. A 
genus of acarids, including cattle-ticks, wood- 
ticks, and other vermin that become parasitic 
on man and beasts. I. holocyc'lus, a species- 
which causes tick paralysis in young stock in 
New South Wales. I. pilo'sus, a species which 
causes tick paralysis in sheep in South Africa. 
I. rici'nus, a species so called because of its re- 
semblance to a castor-oil bean. It is parasitic on 
cattle and transmits Babesia bigemina. 
ixodiasis (iks-o-di'as-is). Any disease or lesion due 
to the bite of ticks; tick infection. 
ixodic (ik-sod'ik). Caused by ticks. 
Ixodidae (iks-od'id-e). A family of the Acarina. 
It includes the true ticks which are characterized 
by the presence of a scutum. It includes the fol- 
lowing genera: Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hemaph- 
ysalis, Ixodes, Margaropus, and Rhipicephalus. 
ixodin (iks'o-din). A briny extract of wood-ticks. 
Used intravenously, it diminishes the heart's 
action and lessens inspiration. 
Ixodoidea (iks-o-doi'de-ah). An order of ticks of 
the class Arachnida; the ticks. 
ixomyelitis (ik"so-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. l£bs waist -f- 
pveXos marrow + -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the lumbar part of the spinal cord. 
izal (i'zal). A proprietary disinfectant and anti- 
septic derived from the distillation of coke. It is 
used locally in 0.5-1 per cent, solution. J. 
570 
JAPACONITIN 
J 
J. Symbol for Joule's equivalent. 
jaba (jah'bah). An Asiatic plant, Hibis'cus ro'sa 
sinen'sis: used in menorrhagia. 
jaborandi (jab-o-ran'de) [Brazilian]. The leaf- 
lets of the rutaceous shrub, PtlocaPpus jabo- 
ran'di, a South American plant, and other con- 
generic species. Jaborandi produces salivation, 
sweating, increased flow of the secretions, and 
lowering of temperature and blood-pressure. It 
is used as a diaphoretic and sialogogue in dropsy 
and hydrothorax, in the early stages of acute fevers, 
pneumonia, malarial fever, uremia, etc.; it is also 
employed as a miotic and to reduce intra-ocular 
tension. Dose of extract, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 
gm.); of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of 
tincture, 2-4 fl.dr. (8-16 c.c.); of infusion, 1-2 fl. 
oz. (30-60 c.c.). See pilocarpin. 
jaboridin (jab-o'rid-in). An alkaloid, C32H32N4- 
O4, from jaborandi. 
jaborin (jab'o-rin). An alkaloid, CiiH19N2O5, from 
jaborandi: it resembles atropin in its properties. 
Jaboulay's button, operation (zhab-oo-Iaz') 
[Mathieu Jaboulay, French surgeon, 1860-1913]. 
See button and operation. 
Jacaranda (jak-ah-ran'dah). A genus of bigno- 
niaceous trees of tropical America. J. caro'ba 
is used in syphilis, urethritis, skin diseases, and 
rheumatism. Dose of fluidextract, 16-60 min. 
(1-4 c.c.). J. lancifolia'ta is used in gonorrhea, 
etc. Dose of tincture, 15 min. (1 c.c.); of fluid- 
extract, 16-30 min. (1-2 c.c.). 
jacareuba (jak-ah-ra'oo-bah). The Calophyl'lum 
brasilien'se, a medicinal plant of South America. 
Jaccoud's fever, sign (zhah-kooz') [Sigismond 
Jaccoud, French physician, 1830-1912]. See fever, 
sign. 
jacket, plaster-of-Paris (jak'et). A casing of 
plaster of Paris enveloping the body for the. pur- 
pose of correcting deformities. Sayre's j., a 
plaster-of-Paris jacket used as a support for the 
spinal column, strait-j., a contrivance for re- 
straining the limbs, especially the arms, of a 
violently insane person. Willock's respiratory 
j., a sort of jacket used to strengthen the move- 
ments of respiration in emphysema of the lungs. 
Jackson's membrane (jak'sunz) [Jabez North 
Jackson, surgeon in Kansas City, born 1868]. 
See membrane. 
.Jackson's sign (jak'sunz). 1. [James Jackson, Jr., 
Boston physician, 1810-1834]. See under sign. 2. 
[Chevalier Jackson, American laryngologist]. See 
asthmatoid wheeze, under wheeze. 
jacksonian epilepsy (jak-so'ne-an) [after John 
Hughlings Jackson, English physician, 1834-1911]. 
See epilepsy. 
Jacob's membrane, ulcer (ja'kubz) [Arthur 
Jacob, Irish ophthalmologist, 1790-1874]. See mem- 
brane, ulcer. 
Jacobson's nerve, organ, etc. (ja'kub-sunz) 
[Ludwig Levin Jacobson, Danish anatomist, 1783- 
1843]. See nerve, organ, etc. 
Jacobson's retinitis (ja'kob-sunz) [Julius Jacob- 
son, German ophthalmologist, 1829-1889]. Syph- 
ilitic retinitis. 
Jacquemier's sign (zhahk-me-az') [Jean Marie 
Jacquemier, French obstetrician, 1806-1879]. See 
under sign. 
Jacquet's disease (zhak-az') [L. Jacquet, French 
dermatologist of the 19th century]. See under 
disease. 
jactation (jak-ta'shun). Jactitation. 
jactitation (jak-tit-a'shun) [L. jactita'tio; jactit- 
a're to toss]. The tossing to and fro of a patient 
in acute disease. 
jaculiferous (jak-u-lif'er-us) [L. ja'culum dart + 
fer're to bear]. Bearing prickles. 
Jadassohn's disease (yah'das-onz) [Josef Jadas- 
sohn, Swiss dermatologist, born 1853]. Maculo- 
papular erythrodermia. 
Jadelot's furrows, lines (zhad-loz') [Jean 
Francois Nicolas Jadelot, physician in Paris, died 
1830]. See furrows, line. 
Jaeger's test-types (ya'gerz) [Edward Jaeger 
von Jastthal, Austrian oculist, 1818-1884]. See 
test-type. 
Jaffa's test (zhah-faz') [Max Jaffe, German physio- 
logic chemist, 1841-1911]. See under test. 
jail-fever (jal'fe-ver). Typhus fever. 
Jaksch's anemia (or disease), sign, test, etc. 
(yaks) [Rudolf von Jaksch, physician in Prague, 
born 1855]. See von Jaksch's disease, under disease, 
sign, and test. 
jalap (ja'lap) [L. jala'pa, from Jalapa, a city of 
Mexico]. The root of Ipomce'a pu/ga and other 
plants of the same genus growing in Mexico. It 
is a hydragogue cathartic and cholagogue, and is 
given in constipation, for the purpose of removing 
dropsical effusions by the bowels, and to produce 
revulsion in congestion of the brain. See also 
convolvulin. Dose in powder, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.); 
of abstract, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.33 gm.); of fluidex- 
tract, 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.); of tincture, 30-60 min. 
(2-4 c.c.); of extract, 4-8 gr. (0.266-0.533 gm.); 
of resin (res'ina jala'pee), 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.333 gm.); 
of compound powder (pul'vis Jala'pee compos'ila), 
10-60 gr. (0.666-4 gm.). 
jalapin (jal'ap-in). 1. A purgative resinous gluco- 
sid, C34H56O19, from various kinds of jalap. 2. 
A concentration or impure resin from jalap: 
purgative. Dose, 3 gr. (0.2 gm.). 
jalon (i'al-on). A proprietary colloidal silver solu- 
tion for internal use. 
jambu assu (zham'boo as-oo'). The root of 
Pi'per jaboran'di, a tree of Brazil: a stimulant 
febrifuge. Dose of fluidextract, 10-30 min. 
(0.666-2 c.c.). 
jambul (jam'bul). The bark of Euge'nia jam'bos, 
a tree of the East Indies: a stomachic astringent. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.); of fluidextract, 
10-20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.). 
jambulol (jam'bu-lol). A phenolic compound from 
jambul seeds. 
James' powder [Robert James, English physician, 
1705-1776]. Pulvis antimonialis. 
jamrosin (jam-ro'sin). The fluidextract of an 
East Indian myrtaceous plant: used in diabetes 
in doses of 6 drops. 
Janet's disease, test (zhan-ez') [Pierre Janet, 
French physician, born 1859]. See disease and test. 
Janeway's pill (jan'waz) [Edward Gamaliel 
Janeway, physician in New York, 1841-1911]. 
Compound pill of aloes and podophyllin. 
Janeway's sphygmomanometer (jan'waz) 
[Theodore C. Janeway. American physician, 1872- 
1917]. See sphygmomanometer. 
janiceps (jan'is-eps) [L. Ja'nus a two-faced god 
4- ca' put head]. A monster with one head and 
two faces, j. asym'metros, a janiceps with one 
imperfect and one more complete face. 
Jansen's operation (yahn'senz) [Albert Jansen, 
contemporary German otologist]. See operation. 
Janthinosoma (jan-thin-o-so'mah). A genus of 
mosquitos. J. lut'zi, a species which transports the 
eggs of bot-flies (Dermatobia) glued to its abdomen. 
J. postica'ta, a species which also transports the 
eggs of a bot-fly. 
japaconin (jap-ak'o-nin). An amorphous alka- 
loid, C29H4lNO10, derivable from japaconitin. 
japaconitin (jap-ak-on'it-in). An exceedingly 
poisonous alkaloid, C99H8SN2O21, derived from a 
Japanese aconite. JAPONIC ACID 
571 
J E J U N U M 
japonic acid (jap-on'ik). An acid from catechu, 
or terra japonica; a variety of tannic acid. 
jargonaphasia (jar"go-naf-a'ze-ah) [jargon + 
aphasia]. A speech defect in which several 
words are run into one. 
Jarisch's ointment (yah'rish-es) [O. Jarisch, Aus- 
trian dermatologist, born 1850]. See ointment. 
Jarjavay's muscle (zhar'zha-vaz) [Jean Francois 
Jarjavay, French surgeon, 1815-1868]. The de- 
pressor urethra muscle. 
Jarvis' snare (jahr'vis-ez) [William Chapman Jar- 
vis, New York laryngologist, 1855-1895]. See 
snare. 
jasmin, yellow (jas'min). See Gelsemium. 
jasmone (jas'mon). A yellowish oil or ketone 
derived from oil of jasmin. 
jatrevin (ja-tre'vin). A condensation product of 
menthol and isobutylphenol: used as a spray in 
respiratory diseases in a 2-5 per cent, solution. 
Jatropha (jat'ro-fah) [Gr. iarpos physician + 
rpocpr) nourishment], A genus of tropical euphor- 
biaceous plants. J. cu/cas affords the physic-nut. 
See Curcas. J. man'ihot produces tapioca and 
casareep. 
jaundice (jawn'dis) [L. ic'terus]. Yellowness of 
the skin, eyes, and secretions, due to the presence 
of bile-pigments in the blood; jcterus. absorp- 
tion j., that due to absorption of bile into the 
blood-vessels, acathectic j., jaundice due to 
pathologic changes in the liver-cells, which become 
unable to retain their secretions, acholuric j., 
jaundice without bile-pigments in urine or with only 
minute quantities of them, acute infectious j. 
See Weil's disease, under disease, anhepatogen- 
OUS j., jaundice which is not hepatogenous, 
black j., Winckel's disease, blue j. See cya- 
nosis. Budd's j., acute parenchymatous hepa- 
titis. See hepatitis, catarrhal j., that which is 
due to closure of the common bile-duct by duodenal 
catarrh, complete j., the presence of both bile- 
pigments. and. bile salts in. the blood, disso- 
ciated j., dissociation j., jaundice in which 
either the pigment or the salts of bile formed within 
the liver are separately shunted from the biliary 
path into the lymph- or blood-vessels of the liver. 
See hepatic dissociation j. and renal dissociation j. 
emotional j., jaundice resulting from deep emo- 
tion, such as great anxiety, febrile j., an acute 
infectious jaundice. See Weil's disease, under dis- 
ease. hemapheic j. Same as urobilin j. hema- 
togenous j., that which is due to disintegration of 
the red blood-corpuscles, hematohepatogen- 
OUS j., jaundice that is partly hematogenous and 
partly hepatogenous. This form includes toxemic 
jaundice and the jaundice seen in malaria, yellow 
fever, typhoid, typhus, acute malaria, yellow 
atrophy of the liver, etc. hemolytic j., the pres- 
ence of bilirubin in the blood without bile salts, 
hepatic dissociation j., the presence of bili- 
rubin or bile-salts separately in the blood-stream, 
hepatogenic j., that which is due to some dis- 
ease or disorder of the liver, infectious j. See 
Weil's disease, under disease, inogenous j., 
icterus neonatorum due to change of the hemo- 
globin in the tissues, malignant j. See icterus 
gravis, malignant j. of dogs. See biliary 
fever of dogs, under fever, j. of the newborn. 
See icterus neonatorum, obstructive j., that 
which is due to a mechanic impediment to the flow 
of the bile, occult j., bile in the blood in such 
small quantity as to cause no symptoms, phys- 
iologic j., mild icterus neonatorum lasting 
during the first few days after birth, picric 
acid j., jaundice due to picric acid poison- 
ing in munition workers or by its ingestion in 
malingering soldiers, renal dissociation j., 
the presence of bile-pigments in the blood due to 
separation of the biliary elements through renal 
filtration of the bile salts, spirochetal j., 
Weil's disease. See under disease, toxemic j., 
jaundice produced by poisons, such as phos- 
phorus, arseniureted hydrogen, picric acid, snake- 
poison, etc. urobilin-j., jaundice due to the 
presence of urobilin in the blood. xantho- 
chromic j., jaundice marked by yellow discolora- 
tion of the palms, soles, and mucous membranes, 
but without bile-pigment in the urine. 
Javal's ophthalmometer (zhav-alz') [Louis Emile 
Javal, r'rench oculist, 1839-1907]. See ophthal- 
mometer. 
javanin (jav'an-in). An alkaloid from cinchona. 
Javel solution (zha-vel') [Named from Javel 
Works, near Paris, where the solution was first 
made by Percy.] See under solution. 
javellization (jav-el-iz-a'shun). The purification 
of water-supplies by treatment with Javel solu- 
tion of hypochlorites. 
jaw, j.-bone (jaw, jaw'bon). See maxilla, j.- 
chattering, clonic masticatory spasm causing 
a movement like chattering of the jaws, j.-jerk. 
See under reflex, lock-j. See trismus, lumpy 
j. See actinomycosis, phossy j., a popular 
name for necrosis of the jaw due to phosphorus- 
poisoning. pig-j., abnormal protrusion of the 
upper jaw of the horse, with hypertrophy of the 
teeth. 
Jaworski's bodies or corpuscles, test (yah- 
wor'skez) [Valery Jaworski, Polish physician, born 
1849]. See corpuscle and test. 
Jeanselme's nodules (zhah-selmz') [Edouard 
Jeanselme, French physician, born 1858]. See under 
nodule. 
jecolein (je-ko-le'in). A glycerid of jecoleic acid 
from cod-liver oil. 
j ecoral (jek'o-ral). Pertaining to the liver. 
jecorin (jek'o-rin) [L. je'cur liver]. 1. A water- 
soluble glucophospholipin, C105H186N5SP3O46, found 
both in normal and in diabetic blood, the liver, 
spleen, brain, etc. 2. A patented cod-liver oil sub- 
stitute containing calcium chlorhydrophosphate, 
lactic acid, phosphoric acid, bromin, iodin, and fer- 
rous iodid. 
jecorol (jek'or-ol). A proprietary preparation of 
cod-liver oil. 
jecovol (jek'o-vol). An egg emulsion of cod-liver oil. 
with glycerophosphates of calcium, sodium, and 
iron. 
jecur, jecus (je'kur, je'kus). Latin for liver. 
Jeff er sonia (jef-er-so'ne-ah) [named forT. Jefferson, 
1743-1826]. A genus of berberidaceous herbs. 
The root of J. diphyl'la, of North America, is tonic, 
diuretic, and expectorant: emetic in large doses. 
Dose of fluidextract, 20-60 min. (1.333-4 c.c.). 
jejunal (je-ju'nal). Pertaining to the jejunum. 
jejunectomy (jej-u-nek'to-me) [jejunum + Gr. 
exrojui? excision]. Excision of the jejunum or a part 
of it. 
jejunitis (jej-u-ni'tis). Inflammation of the jeju- 
num. 
jejunocolostomy (jej"u-no-ko-los'to-me) [jeju- 
num + colon + Gr. aro^a mouth]. The forma- 
tion of an artificial passage between the jejunum 
and the colon. 
jejuno-ileitis (jej"u-no-il-e-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the jejunum and ileum together. 
jejuno-ileostomy (jej"u-no-il-e-os'to-me) [jeju- 
num + ileum + Gr. orb pa. mouth]. The forma- 
tion of an artificial passage between the jejunum 
and the ileum. 
jejunostomy (jej-u-nos'to-me) [jejunum + Gr. 
aropa mouth]. The surgical creation of a per- 
manent opening through the abdominal wall into 
the jejunum. 
jejunotomy (jej-u-not'o-me) [jejunum + Gr. 
Tepvetv to cut]. Surgical incision of the jejunum. 
jejunum (je-ju'num) [L. " empty "]. That por- 
tion of the small intestine which extends from the 
duodenum to the ileum. JELLINEK'S SIGN 
572 
JOSS-STICK 
Jellinek's sign (yel'in-eks) [Samuel Jellinek, con- 
temporary physician in Vienna]. See sign. 
jelloid (jel'oid). A medicated gelatin tablet or 
lozenge. 
jelly (jel'e) [L. gelati'na], A soft substance which 
is coherent, tremulous, and more or less trans- 
lucent. enamel-j., a soft material in a growing 
tooth between the epithelial investment and the 
calcifying cells of the young enamel, glycerin- 
j., a compound of glycerin, zinc oxid, and gelatin: 
used in cases of eczema, mineral j., a soft, 
semisolid substance prepared from petroleum, used 
as a basis for salves and ointments; vaselin. pe- 
troleum j. Same as mineral j. j. of Wharton, 
the soft, pulpy, connective tissue that constitutes 
the matrix of the umbilical cord. 
Jendrassik's maneuver (yen-drah'siks) [Ernst 
Jendrassik, physician in Budapest, 1858-1922]. 
See under maneuver. 
Jenner's stain (jen'ers) [Louis Jenner, contempo- 
rary English physician]. See under staining 
methods, table of. 
jennerian (jen-e're-an). Pertaining to Edward 
Jenner (1749-1823), the discoverer of vaccination. 
jennerization (jen-er-iz-a'shun). Production of 
immunity to a disease by repeated inoculation with 
cultures of bacteria similar to those producing the 
disease, but deprived of their virulence. 
jequiritin (je-kwir'it-in). Same as abrin. 
jequiritol (je-kwir'it-ol). An abrin preparation 
used in treating pannus, trachoma, and opacities 
of the cornea. 
jequirity (je-kwir'it-e). The poisonous seeds of 
Ab'rus precato'rius: used in treating trachoma. 
jerk, crossed (jerk). Movement of the opposite 
leg in attempt to elicit the knee-jerk on one side, 
biceps-j., biceps reflex. See under reflex, jaw-j. 
See under reflex, knee-j. See under reflex. 
triceps-j., triceps reflex. See under reflex. 
jerks (jerks). A variety of dancing mania, some- 
times associated with religious excitement. 
jervic acid (jer'vik). See under acid. 
jervin (jer'vin). A poisonous alkaloid, C28H37- 
NO3, from Vera'trum al'bum and Vera'trum viflide: 
a depressant tb the motor and vasomotor centers. 
jessamin (jes'am-in). See Gelsemium. 
jessanodine (jes-an'o-din). A proprietary anti- 
septic and anodyne preparation. 
Jesuits' bark (jez'u-its). See Cinchona. 
Jesus Haly. See Ali ben Iza. 
jigger (jig'er.) See chigger. 
jimson-weed (jim'zn). See stramonium. 
Jobert's fossa, operation, suture (zho-behrz') 
[Antoine Joseph Jobert de Lamballe, French sur- 
geon, 1799-1867]. See fossa, operation, and suture. 
Joffroy's reflex (zhof-rwahz') [Alexis Joffroy, physi- 
cian in Paris, 1844-1908]. See reflex. 
joha (jo'hah). An oily solution of salvarsan, mar- 
keted in ampules of 1 and 3 c.c. 
johannisin (jo-han'is-in). An alkaloid from anda oil. 
johimbin (jo-him'bin). An aphrodisiac alkaloid 
from the bark of an African tree called johimbehe. 
Dose, gr. (0.003-0.0065 gm.). See yohimbin. 
Johne's bacillus, disease (yo'nez) [Albert 
Johne, German physician]. See bacillus and dis- 
ease. 
Johnson's test [Sir George Johnson, English physi- 
cian, 1818-1896]. See Johnson's test, under tests. 
joint (joint) [L. articula'tio\. An articulation be- 
tween two bones;, more especially one which ad- 
mits of more or less motion in one or both bones, 
amphidiarthrodial j., amphidiarthrosis. ar- 
throdial j. See arthrodia, ball-and-socket 
j. See enarthrosis. biaxial j., a joint in which 
there are two chief axes of movement at right 
angles to each other, bilocular j., a joint di- 
vided into two cavities by the interarticular car- 
tilage. bleeders' j., hemorrhage into a joint in 
persons of a hemorrhagic diathesis. Brodie's 
j., hysteric neuralgia of a joint. Charcot's j., 
chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of 
a joint, extending to the substance of the bone: 
seen in tabes and in certain diseases of the spine. 
Chopart's j., the union of the os calcis and 
astragalus with the remaining bones of the tar- 
sus: the mediotarsal articulation, cochlear j., 
a form of hinge-joint which permits of some 
lateral motion, compound j., a joint composed 
of several bones, condyloid j., a joint consist- 
ing of an ovoid head moving in an elliptic cavity, 
permitting of all movements except axial rotation. 
Cruveilhier's j., the atlanto-odontoid joint, 
diarthrodial j. See diarthrosis, dry j., a 
chronic villous arthritis. See under arthritis. 
ellipsoid j., a joint with two axes of motion, 
both of them through the same bone, enar- 
throdial j. See enarthrosis. false j. See 
pseudarthrosis, ginglymoid j. See ginglymus. 
gliding j. See arthrodia, hemophilic j. See 
bleeders' j. hinge-j. See ginglymus. hys- 
teric j., a hysteric condition which resem- 
bles arthritis, immovable j. See synarthrosis. 
intercarpal j's, the articulations formed by the 
carpal bones in relation to each other, irritable 
j., a condition in which a joint is subject to at- 
tacks of inflammation without discoverable cause: 
it frequently follows sprain. Lisfranc's j., the 
tarsometatarsal articulation. midcarpal j., 
the joint between the scaphoid, semilunar, and 
cuneiform bones and the second row of the car- 
pus. mixed j. See amphiarthrosis, movable 
j. See diarthrosis, multiaxial j. Same as enar- 
throsis. open j., a veterinary term for inflam- 
mation of a joint with sloughing which exposes 
the joint surfaces, pisocuneiform j., the ar- 
ticulation of the pisiform and cuneiform carpal 
bones, pivot j., a rotary joint, polyaxial j. 
Same as enarthrosis. rotary j., a lateral gingly- 
mus or rotating diarthrosis, saddle j., a joint 
having two saddle-shaped surfaces at right angles 
to each other, simple j., a joint made up of two 
bones, spheroid j., an enarthrosis with spheric 
surfaces, spiral j. Same as cochlear j. synar- 
throdial j. See synarthrosis, tomato-j., a 
painful condition of one or more joints attributed 
to an acid state of the system caused by eating 
tomatoes, trochoid j., a rotary joint, uni- 
axial j., a joint which moves on one axis only, 
unilocular j., a joint having only one cavity. 
joint-capsule. The capsular ligament of a joint, 
joint-evil. i. Anesthetic leprosy of the West 
Indies (Towne. 1726). 2. Joint-ill. 
joint-ill (joint'il). Pyemia affecting the joints of 
young animals soon after birth, due to infection 
through the navel. 
joint-mouse . A movable cartilage or other body 
in a joint. 
joint-muscle. A muscle which moves a joint. 
Jolies' test(yol'ez) [Adolf Jolies, Austrian chemist, 
born 1862]. See test. 
Jolly's bodies (zho-lez') [J. Jolly, contemporary 
French physician]. Howell's bodies. See under 
body. 
Jolly's reaction (yo'lez) [Friedrich Jolly, German 
neurologist, born 1844]. See reaction. 
Jones' position, splint [John Jones, American 
surgeon, 1729-1791]. See position, splint. 
Jonnesco's fold, fossa, operation, spinal 
anesthesia (jo-nes'koz) [Thomas Jonnesco, 
Rumanian surgeon, born 1861]. See under fold, 
fossa, operation, and anesthesia. 
Jorissenne's sign (zhor-is-enz') [Gustav Joris- 
senne, Belgian physician]. See sign. 
joss-stick (jos'stik). A Chinese preparation of 
amadou in sticks, sometimes perfumed: burned 
as a pastil to overcome ill smells in the sick-room. JOULE 
573 
burden]. Having a strong animal odor; said of 
urine. 
jumper (jum'per). A neurotic person affected 
with palmus and enfeebled will. 
junction (junk'shun). The place of meeting or 
coming together, amelodental j., the dento- 
enamel j. dentocemental j., the line of meet- 
ing between the dentin and cementum. dento- 
enamel j., the line of meeting of the dentin and 
enamel, myoneural j., the point of junction of 
a nerve with the muscle to which it is distributed. 
junctu'rse ten'dinum. Narrow bands extending 
obliquely between the tendon of insertion of the 
extensor digitorum communis on the back of the 
hand. 
Jungbluth's vasa propria (yoong'bloots) [Her- 
mann Jungbluth, contemporary German physician]. 
See vasa propria. 
jungle plant (jun'gl). See Combretum sundiacum. 
juniper (ju'nip-er). See Juniperus. 
Juniperus (ju-nip'er-us) [L.]. i. A genus of conif- 
erous trees, 2. The berry or fruit of J uni p'erus 
commu'nis, or juniper tree; the oil of the fruit is 
a stimulant diuretic. See gin. Dose of oil, 3-5 
min. (0.19-9.33 c.c.). 
junk (jungk). 1. A form of cushion used in dressing 
fractures. 2. Oakum, somewhat used in surgical 
dressings. 
junket (jungk'et). Curds and whey flavored and 
used as food. 
Junod's boot (zhoo-noz') [Victor Theodor Junod, 
French physician, 1809-1881]. See boot. 
jurisprudence, medical (ju-ris-pru'dens) [L. jV- 
ris pruden'tia knowledge of law]. The appli- 
cation of the teachings of medical science to ques- 
tions of law and justice; also the application of the 
principles of law to the relations between physicians 
and patients. 
jury-mast (ju're-mast). An upright bar used in 
supporting the head in cases of Pott's disease. 
Juscul. Abbreviation for L. jus'culum, broth, 
jusculum (jus'ku-lum) [LJ. Soup or broth, 
justo major (jus'to ma'jor) [L.]. Larger than is 
normal or usual, j. minor, smaller than is 
normal or usual. 
Justus' test (joos'toos) [J. Justus, contemporary 
Hungarian dermatologist]. See under test. 
jute (jut). The fibers of Cor'chorus olito'rius: 
used in surgical dressings. 
juvantia (ju-van'she-ah) [L. pl.]. Adjuvant and 
palliative medicines or appliances. 
juvenile (ju'ven-il). Pertaining to youth or child- 
hood. 
juxta-articular (juks"tah-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. jux'ta 
near + artiCulus joint]. Situated near a joint 
or in the region of a joint. 
juxtangina (juks-tan'jin-ah) [L. " almost quinsy "]. 
Inflammation of the pharyngeal muscles. 
juxtaposition (juks"tah-po-zish'un) [L. jux'ta 
near + posit'io place]. An adjacent situation; 
apposition. 
juxtapyloric (juks"tah-pi'-lor'ik). Situated near 
the pylorus. 
juxtaspinal (juks-tah-spi'nal) [L. jux'ta near -f- 
spine}. Close to the spinal column. 
JUXTASPINAL 
joule (jool). The work expended by a current o- 
one ampere flowing for one second against a resistf 
ance of one ohm. 
Joule's equivalent (joolz) [J. P. Joule, English 
physicist, 1818-1899]. See equivalent. 
Jourdain's disease (zhoor-daz') [Anselme Louis 
Bernard Jourdain, French surgeon, 1734-1816]. 
See disease. 
juccuya (uc-koo'yah). The ulcerative type of der- 
mal leishmaniasis. 
juga (ju'gah). Plural of jugum. 
jugal (ju'gal) [L. juga'lis: ju' gum yoke], 1. Con- 
necting like a yoke. 2. Pertaining to the cheek. 
jugale (ju-ga'le). The jugal point. See point. 
jugged (jugd). Having glanderous swellings: said 
of horses. 
juglandic acid (jug-lan'dik). An acid from the 
bark of Jug'lans cine'rea: thought to be the same 
as nucin. 
juglandin (ju-glan'din). A compound from the 
green shell and leaves of the walnut tree: used in 
scrofulous conditions and skin diseases. 
Juglans (ju'glans) [L. "Jove's nut," walnut]. 1. 
A genus of juglandaceous trees: the walnuts. See 
walnut. 2. The root-bark of J. cine'rea, the butter- 
nut tree. It is an aperient, and is sometimes 
given in remittent and intermittent fevers. Dose 
of extract, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.). 
jugomaxillary (ju-go-mak'sil-a-re). Pertaining to 
the malar bone and the maxilla. 
jugular (ju'gu-lar) [L. jugula'ris: ju'gulum neck]. 
Pertaining to the neck. 
jugulation (jug-u-la'shun) [L. jugula're, to cut 
the throat of]. The sudden and rapid arrest of 
disease by therapeutic measures. 
jugum (ju'gum), pl. ju'ga [L. "a yoke"]. A de- 
pression or ridge connecting two structures, j. 
alveola're [B N A], a depression on the anterior 
surface of the alveolar process, between the ridges 
caused by the roots of the incisor teeth, j. cere- 
bra'le [B N A], one of the elevations on the orbital 
plate of the frontal bone between the digital im- 
pressions. j. pe'nis, a forceps for compressing 
the penis, j. sphenoida'le, the structure con- 
necting the two wings of the sphenoid bone. 
juice (jus) [L.jus broth]. Any fluid from an animal 
or plant tissue, cancer-j., a milky juice which 
may be obtained from cancerous tissue, and con- 
taining cancer-cells, duo denal j., duo denic j., 
a remedy used in some disorders of digestion, 
gastric j., the clear liquid secreted by the stom- 
ach. intestinal j., the transparent liquid se- 
creted by the follicles of Lieberkuhn, pancre- 
atic j., the thick, transparent fluid secreted by the 
pancreas, press j., the liquid obtained by sub- 
mitting to great pressure finely ground tissue. 
This fluid contains in suspension the endo-enzymes 
of the tissue-cells. 
jujube (ju'jub). The fruit of Ziz'yphus vulga'ris: 
a pectoral. 
julep (ju'lep) [L. jula'pium]. A sweetened alco- 
holic drink or cordial, of various kinds. 
jumbul (jum'bul). The plant, Syzyg'ium jambola'- 
num: used for diabetes. 
jumentous (ju-men'tus) [L. jumen'tum a beast of K. 
574 
KARUS 
K 
K. The symbol for potassium [L. ka'lium]; also ab- 
breviation for electrostatic capacity and kathode. 
k. Symbol for magnetic susceptibility. 
Ka. An abbreviation for kathode, or cathode. 
kabune (kah-bun'). A skin disease found in Japan; 
it is probably caused by the burrowing of the 
cercariae of Schistosoma japonica in the skin. 
kadamba (kad-am'bah). An Asiatic plant, Nau'- 
clea cadam'ba: the flowers are vulnerary. 
Kader's operation (kah'ders) [Bronislaw Kader, 
contemporary Polish surgeon]. See operation. 
kaffir pox (kaf'er). See amaas. 
kafirin (kaf'er-in). A protein substance isolated 
from the seeds of kafir, Andropogon Sorghum. 
Kahler's disease (kah'lerz) [Otto Kahler, Austrian 
physician, 1849-1893]. See multiple myeloma, 
under myeloma. 
Kahn's test (kahnz) [Max Kahn, New York phys- 
ician, bom 1887]. See Kahn's test, under tests. 
kaif (klf) [Arabic]. Dreamy tranquillity from the 
use of drugs. 
kainite (ki'nit). An earth containing potassium 
chlorid and magnesium sulphate. 
kainophobia (ki-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Karros new -f- 
tpbfios fear]. Fear of new things. 
kairin (ki'rin). 1. Oxychinolin-ethyl hydrochlorate; 
a powerful and somewhat dangerous antipyretic 
remedy, C10H13ON.HC1 + H2O, prepared from 
quinolin. It is used as a substitute for quinin. 
Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.2-1 gm.). 2. The base or alkaloid 
of which the above is the hydrochlorate, k. 
ethyl, k. sethyl, or k.-a., a substance similar 
in composition and properties to ordinary kairin; 
its composition is C9H15(OH)C2H5N.H4HC1. k. 
methyl, k.-m., ordinary kairin. 
kairolin (ki'ro-lin). An antipyretic medicine, 
C9H10NCH3, or methyl quinolin hydrid, prepared 
from quinolin and chlorin, k. a., a sulphate of 
quinolin ethyl hydrid: an antipyretic, now dis- 
carded. k. m., a sulphate of quinolin methyl hy- 
drid: an antipyretic, now discarded. 
kaiserling (ki'zer-ling). An abbreviated name for 
Kaiserling's solution; also for a specimen preserved 
in Kaiserling's solution. See under solution. 
Kaiserling's solution (ki'zer-lings) [Karl Kaiser- 
ling, German pathologist, born 1869]. See solution. 
kakidrosis (kak-id-ro'sis) [Gr. Kanos bad + lbp&s 
perspiration]. An extremely disagreeable odor 
of the sweat. 
kakke (kahk'ka) [Japanese]. Same as beriberi. 
kakodyl (kak'o-dil). See cacodyl. 
kakosmia (kak-oz'me-ah) [Gr. kokos ill + oap-q 
smell]. A foul or disagreeable odor. 
kakotrophy (kak-ot'ro-fe). See cacotrophy. 
kala-azar (kah-la-az'ar or -ad'zar) [native "black 
fever"]. An extremely fatal epidemic fever of 
Assam, resembling chronic malarial fever. It is 
marked by progressive anemia, wasting, enlarge- 
ment of the spleen and liver, and dropsy, and is 
caused by the parasite Leishmania donova'ni, 
which infests the endothelial cells, especially of the 
spleen, liver, and bone-marrow. It is transmitted 
to man by the bite of the Indian bedbug, Cimex 
hemipterus, and by a mosquito, Anopheles puncti- 
pennis. The disease is also called febrile tropical 
splenomegaly, visceral leishmaniasis, and dumdum 
fever, infantile k., Mediterranean k., a 
form affecting infants, chiefly in countries border- 
ing on the Mediterranean, formerly ascribed to 
Leishman'ia infan'tum, which is now regarded as 
identical with L. donova'ni. Called also ponos. 
kaladana (kal-ah-da'nah). The dried seeds of 
Ipomcea nil: used as purgative or anthelmintic. 
Dose, 30-50 gr. (2-3 gm.). 
kalagua (kah-lah'gwah). A South American drug 
used in tuberculosis. 
kali (ka'li, kah'le). German for potash. 
kaligenous (ka-lij'en-us) [L. ka'li potash + Gr. 
yevvav to produce]. Producing potash. 
kalimeter (kal-im'et-er). Same as alkalimeter. 
kalium (ka'le-um) [L.]. Same as potassium. 
kallak (kal'ak). A pustular dermatitis common 
among the Eskimos. 
kalmarid (kal'mar-id). A proprietary name for 
potassium mercuric iodid: used in treating catgut 
for sutures. 
kalmopyrin (kal-mo-pi'rin). Calcium acetyl- 
salicylate: used as a febrifuge in rheumatism and 
neuralgia. 
kalymana-bacterium. A Brazilian term pro- 
posed for the capsulated coccus of venereal granu- 
loma. 
kalzan (kal'zan). A proprietary preparation of cal- 
cium lactate and sodium lactate. 
kalzin (kal'zin). A calcium-chlorid-gelatin prepara- 
tion: used by subcutaneous injection in hemor- 
rhagic diathesis, bronchial asthma, etc. 
kamakosin (kam-ak-o'sin). An anthelmintic prep- 
aration of the active principles of kamala and 
kousso. 
kamala (kam'al-ah). The glands and hairs of 
the capsules of Mallot'us philippinen'sis, an East 
Indian shrub. It is purgative, and is used mainly 
against teniae and lumbrici. Dose, 1-2 dr. (4-8 
gm.); of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
kamalin (kam'al-in). An alkaloid from kamala. 
Kaminer reaction. See Freund's reaction, under 
reaction. 
kanagugui (kan-ah-goo'gwe). A Japanese plant, 
Lin'dera erythrocar'pa: its fluidextract is used 
in secondary syphilis. 
kangaroo (kang-ah-roo'). A marsupia* mammal 
of Australasia, of many species; from its tail a 
tendon is derived that is valued as a ligature. 
kangri cancer (kan'gre). See under cancer. 
kaodzera (kah-od-ze'rah). Rhodesian trypano- 
somiasis; a disease prevalent in Rhodesia, similar 
to sleeping-sickness and due to Trypanosoma 
rhodesiense. 
kaoliang (ka-o-le'ang). A sorghum grain of Africa 
and India whose seed can be milled into a flour. 
kaolin (ka'o-lin) [Chinese; L. kaoli'num]. A fine 
clay employed in skin diseases, and in pharmacy 
for coating pills and for ointments. 
kaolinosis (ka"o-lin-o'sis). A kind of pneumono- 
coniosis caused by inhaling particles of kaolin. 
Kaplan's test (kap'lanz) [David M. Kaplan, con- 
temporary New York physician]. See tests. 
Kaposi's disease (ka-po'sez) [Moriz Kohn Kaposi, 
Austrian dermatologist, 1837-1902]. See disease. 
kapselcoccus (kap-sel-kok'us). A microbe found 
in pyosalpinx. 
kaputine (kap'u-tin). A proprietary acetanilid 
preparation for headache. 
kardin (kar'din). See cardin. 
Karell's treatment (kah'relz) [Philip Karell, Rus- 
sian physician, died 1886]. See treatment. 
kargon (kar'gon). A proprietary preparation of 
buchu and potassium acetate. 
karno (kar'no). A proprietary preparation con- 
sisting of a dark, syrupy, liquid beef-extract. 
karnoid (kar'noid). A proprietary meat powder. 
karus (ka'rus). A South African plant: useful in 
dysentery and in ulcerative and hemorrhagic in- 
testinal affections. karyapsis (kar-e-ap'sis) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 4- 
dpis joining]. The union of the nuclei in a con- 
jugating cell. 
karyenchyma (kar-e-en'kim-ah) [Gr. Kapvov nu- 
cleus 4- er in 4- xvpbs juice]. The nuclear juice 
of a cell. 
karyochromatophil (kar"e-o-kro-mat'o-fil) [Gr. 
Kapvov nucleus 4~ xpw/xa color 4- <piXeir to love]. 
Having a stainable nucleus. 
karyochrome (kar'e-o-krom) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 
4- xp^M" color], A nerve-cell the nucleus of 
which is stainable, while the body is not; a nerve- 
cell in which the stained nucleus is larger than that 
of a cytochrome. There are varieties designated 
by the Greek letters. 
karyogamic (kar-e-o-gam'ik) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 
4- yapos marriage]. Pertaining to, or character- 
ized by, union of nuclei. 
karyogamy (kar-e-og'am-e) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 
4- yapos marriage]. Cell conjugation with union 
of nuclei. 
karyogen (kar'e-o-jen) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 4- 
yevvdv to produce]. An organic iron compound 
found in certain cell-nuclei, especially the head of 
the spermatozoon. 
karyogenesis (kar"e-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 
4- yeveacs production]. The development of the 
nucleus of a cell. 
karyogenic (kar"e-o-jen'ik). Forming the nucleus 
of a cell; pertaining to karyogenesis. 
karyogonad (kar"e-o-go'nad) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 4- 
yovi] seed]. The reproductive nucleus of a cell as 
distinguished from the trophonucleus: called also 
gonad nucleus. 
karyokinesis (kar"e-o-kin-e'sis) [Gr. Kapvov nut 
4-_Kivi]aLs motion]. Same as mitosis, asymme- 
tric k., that in which the chromosomes divide 
unequally and into dissimilar masses, hyper- 
chromatic k., that in which the number of 
chromosomes is abnormally large, hypochro- 
matic k., that in which the number of chromo- 
somes is abnormally small. 
karyokinetic (kar"e-o-kin-et'ik). Pertaining to 
or of the nature of karyokinesis. 
karyoklasis (kar-e-ok'las-is) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 
4- /cXatris breaking]. The breaking down of the 
cell-nucleus. 
karyolobic (kar"e-o-lo'bik). Having a lobe-shaped 
nucleus. 
karyolobism (kar"e-o-lo'bizm). A lobed condition 
of a cell-nucleus, especially the nucleus of a leuko- 
cyte. 
karyolymph (kar'e-o-limf) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 4* 
lymph]. The nuclear sap; the liquid part of a cell- 
nucleus, as contrasted with the chromatin and 
linin. 
karyolysis (kar-e-ol'is-is) [Gr. Kapvov nut 4- Xvats 
loosening], i. Same as karyokinesis. 2. The 
morbid destruction of the nucleus of a cell. 
Karyolysus lacerta'rum (kar-e-ol'is-us) [Gr. 
Kapvov nut 4- \veiv to loose]. A hemogregarina 
from the blood of lizards. 
karyolytic (kar"e-o-lit'ik). Producing or per- 
taining to karyolysis. 
karyomicrosome (kar'.'e-o-mi'kro-sbm) [Gr. Kapvov 
nucleus 4- microsome]. See nucleomicrosome. 
karyomit (kar'e-o-mit) [Gr. Kapvov nut 4- piros 
thread]. Same as chromosome. 
karyomitome (kar-e-om'it-6m) [Gr. Kapvov nut 4- 
plros web]. The nuclear chromatin network. 
karyomitosis (kar"e-o-mi-to'sis) [Gr. Kapvov nut 4- 
plros thread]. Same as karyokinesis. 
karyomitotic (kar"e-o-mit-ot'ik). Pertaining to 
karyomitosis. 
karyomorphism (kar"e-o-mor'fizm) [Gr. Kapvov 
nucleus 4- poppi) form]. The shape of a cell- 
nucleus, especially that of a leukocyte. 
KARYAPSIS 
575 
KATIN 
karyon (kar'e-on) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus]. The nu- 
cleus of a cell. 
karyophage (kar'e-o-faj) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 4* 
tpayeiv to eat]. An intracellular sporozodn. 
karyoplasm (kar'e-o-plazm) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 
+ ir\aapa plasm]. The nucleoplasm, or nuclear 
protoplasm of the nucleus of a cell. 
karyoplasmic (kar"e-o-plaz'mik). Pertaining to- 
karyoplasm. 
karyoplastin (kar"e-o-plas'tin). The plastic sub- 
stance of a cell-nucleus; the parachromatin. 
karyoreticulum (kar"e-o-re-tik'u-lum) [Gr. Kapvov 
nucleus 4- reticulum]. The fibrillar part of the 
karyoplasm as distinguished from the fluid part or 
karyolymph. 
karyorrhexis (kar"e-or-ek'sis) [Gr. Kapvov nut 
+ p^$is split]. The rupture of the cell-nucleus: 
especially a degeneration of the cell-nucleus in 
which the chromatin is deposited upon the nuclear 
wall and undergoes division. 
karyosome (kar'e-o-som) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 4- 
ocopa body]. One of the accumulations of chro- 
matin on the reticulum of a cell nucleus. Called1 
also chromatin nucleolus, chromatin reservoir, and< 
net-knot. 
karyota (kar-e-o'tah) [Gr. Kapvov nut, nucleus]. 
Nucleated cells. 
karyotheca (kar"e-o-the'kah) [Gr. Kapvov nut 4- 
0i]kt) sheath]. The envelop or sheath of a cell- 
nucleus. 
karyozoic (kar"e-o-zo'ik) [Gr. Kapvov nucleus 4- 
£$ov animal]. Existing in or inhabiting the nu- 
clei of cells. 
kasagra (kas-ag'rah). A proprietary aromatic 
fluidextract of cascara sagrada. 
kassa (kas'ah). A Japanese term for leprosy. 
kasyl (ka'sil). A germicidal preparation of cresol 
and tincture of green soap. 
kat-, kata-. For words thus beginning see cat-, 
cat a. 
katabolic, katabolism. See catabolic, catabol- 
ism. 
katalase (kat'al-as). Same as peroxidase. 
kataphraxis (kat-af-raks'is). The operation of 
inclosing or surrounding an organ with metal 
supports to keep it in place. 
kataphrenia (kat-ah-fre'ne-ah). Cataphrenia. 
kataphylaxis (kat-ah-fi-lak'sis). The transport of 
phylactic agents to the site of infection. 
kataplasia (kat-ah-pla'se-ah). Cataplasia. 
katathermometer (kat-ah-ther-mom'et-er). A 
pair of alcoholic thermometers, one with a dry 
bulb and one with a wet bulb. They are heated to 
no0 F., exposed to the air, and the time noted that 
it takes each bulb to fall from ioo° to go° F. 
From this the temperature as it affects the body 
can be deduced. 
katatonia. See catatonia. 
Katayama disease (kat-ah-yah'mah). See under 
disease. 
Kataya'ma nosop'ora. A snail which is the in- 
termediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. 
katharmon (kath-ar'mon) A preparation of 
hamamelis, hydrastis, boric acid, etc.: used as an 
astringent and antiseptic. 
katharol (kath'ar-ol). A proprietary name for 
two or more hydrogen dioxid preparations. 
katharsis (kath-ar'sis). Same as catharsis. 
kathe terpur in (kath-e-ter'pu-rin). A proprietary 
lubricant for catheters and cystoscopes. 
kathisophobia (kath-i-so-fo'be-ah). See aka- 
thisia. 
katin (ka'tin). An alkaloid, Ci0HlgON2, from Ca'tha 
ed'ulis. It acts on the nervous system like cocain, 
but has no local anesthetic properties. kation (kat'e-on). See cation. 
katjang idjo (kat'jang id'jo). The fruit of 
Phase'Plus radia'tus, used for beri-beri. 
katolysis (kat-ol'is-is) [Gr. Kara) below + Xvns 
dissolution]. The incomplete or intermediate con- 
version of complex chemical bodies into simpler 
compounds; applied especially to digestive proc- 
esses. 
katophoria (kat-o-fo're-ah). Katotropia. 
katotropia (kat-o-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. Ka.ru .below + 
Tpeiretv to turn], A tendency of the visual axes to 
fall below the object looked at. Called also kato- 
phoria. 
Katzenstein's test (kats'en-stinz) [Moritz Katz- 
enstein, contemporary German surgeon]. See tests. 
Kaufmann's method or treatment (kowf'- 
manz) [Fritz Kaufmann, German neurologist, 
born 1875]. See under treatment. 
kava, kava-kava (kah-vah, kah"vah-kah'vah) 
[Polynesian], 1. The root of Macrop'iper lati- 
fo'lium: used for cystitis, gout, and wasting dis- 
eases. Dose of fluidextract, 20-60 min. (1.333- 
4 c.c.). 2. An intoxicating drink prepared from the 
above. 
kavain (kav'ah-in). An alkaloid from kava. 
kavol (ka'vol). A proprietary preparation of sandal- 
wood oil and kava: used internally in gonorrhea. 
kawahin (kaw'ah-hin). A crystallizable principle 
from kava: medicinally active. 
kawin (kah'win). A resin from kava: a motor 
depressant, anesthetic, and cardiac stimulant. 
kayak vertigo (kah'yak). See under vertigo. 
Kayserling. See Kaiserling. 
kazol (ka'zol). A preparation of fermented milk 
similar to matzoon. 
KBr. Potassium bromid. 
KC. Abbreviation for kathodal closing. 
KCC. Abbreviation for kathodal closing contraction. 
KC2H3O2. Potassium acetate. 
KC1. Potassium chlorid. 
KC1O. Potassium hypochlorite. 
KC1O3. Potassium chlorate. 
K2CO3. Potassium carbonate. 
KOT. Abbreviation for kathodal closing tetanus. 
KD. Abbreviation for kathodal duration. 
KDT. Abbreviation for kathodal duration tetanus. 
Keating-Hart's method or treatment (ke'- 
ting-hart) [Walter Valentine de Keating-Hart, 
French physician, 1870-1922]. See fulguration. 
kedani disease (ka-dan'e). See kedani disease, 
under disease. 
Keeley cure (ke'le) [Leslie G. Keeley, American 
physician, 1832-1900]. See cure. 
Keen's operation, sign [William Williams Keen, 
Philadelphia surgeon, born 1837]. See operation, 
sign. 
keeper (kep'er). The armature of a magnet. 
kefilac (ke'fil-ak). A proprietary preparation of 
lactic acid bacteria for the making of sour milk. 
kefir, kefyr, kephyr (kef-er'). A preparation of 
milk acted upon by kefir grains, which are small, 
irregular, yellowish, granules of a gelatinous con- 
sistency, used in the Caucasus for fermenting milk. 
The essential organisms in these grains seem to be 
Lactobacillus caucasicus and Torula kefir, ar- 
senical k., any one of a series of preparations 
consisting of kefir medicated with Fowler's solu- 
tion of arsenic, guaiacol-carbonate k., any 
one of a series of proprietary preparations of 
guaiacol carbonate and kefir. 
Kehr's incision, operation (kahrz) [Hans Kehr, 
German surgeon, 1862-1916]. See incision and 
operation. 
keimol (ki'mol). A proprietary antiseptic prepara- 
tion. 
KATION 
576 
keirospasm (ki'ro-spazm) [Gr. Kelpeiv to shear + 
spasm]. Shaving cramp. 
Keith's bundle, node (keths) [Arthur Keith, 
London physician, born 1862]. See bundle and 
node. 
Keith-Flack node [Arthur Keith; Martin Flack, 
physiologists in London]. See under node. 
kelectome (ke'lek-tom) [Gr. k^Xt; tumor + eKTop-q 
excision]. A device used in removing specimens 
of tissue from tumors. 
kelene, kelin (ke'len, ke'lin). A proprietary 
preparation of ethyl chlorid, used as a local an- 
esthetic. 
kelis (ke'lis) [Gr. KifXls stain]. Same as morphea; 
also keloid. 
kellin (kel'in) [from kel, the Egyptian name of the 
plant]. A cardiant and spinant remedy derived 
from Am'mi visna'ga. 
Kelling's test (kel'ings) [Georg Kelling, con- 
temporary German physician]. See tests. 
Kelly's operation, speculum (kel'ez) [Howard 
Atwood Kelly, Baltimore surgeon, born 1858]. See 
under operation and speculum. 
keloid (ke'loid) [Gr. KifXls scar + elbos form], A 
new-growth or tumor of the skin, consisting of 
whitish ridges, nodules, and plates of dense tis- 
sue. These growths tend to recur after removal, 
and are sometimes tender or painful. The con- 
dition is very frequent in the colored race, and is 
believed to be dependent upon traumatism, acne- 
k., an affection, chiefly of the nape of the neck, 
resembling sycosis and keloid. Addison's k., 
morphea. Alibert's k., cicatricial k., false 
k., a growth resembling a true keloid, but due to 
hypertrophy of a cicatrix. 
kelos (ke'los). Same as keloid. 
kelosomus (ke-lo-so'mus). See celosomia. 
kelotomy (ke-lot'o-me) [Gr. k^X-q hernia + rkpveiv 
to cut]. The surgical division of the stricture in 
strangulated hernia. 
kelvin (kel'vin) [Lord Kelvin (William Thompson), 
British physicist, born 1824]. A unit of electricity 
representing 1000 volt hours. 
kenophobia (ken-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Kevbs empty + 
<pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of large open spaces. 
kenotoxin (ken'o-toks-in). The toxin of fatigue; 
produced in muscle by muscular contractions. 
kentrokinetic (ken"tro-kin-et'ik). Pertaining to 
kentrokinesis; excitomotor. 
kephaldol (kef'al-dol). A proprietary antipyretic 
preparation, citrophenetidin chininasodium. 
kephalepsalis (kef-al-ep'sal-is) [Gr. KetpaXi) head + 
xpaXls scissors]. Shears for use in embryotomy. 
kephalin (kef'al-in), and other words beginning 
kephal-. See cephalin, etc. 
kephaline (kef'al-in). A proprietary headache 
cure. 
kephalose (kef'al-os). A French headache remedy, 
kephir, kephyr (kef'er). Same as kefir. 
kephirin (kef'er-in). A proprietary name for acetyl- 
salicylic acid. See aspirin. 
keracele (ker'as-el) [Gr. Kepas horn + kt^Xt) tumor]. 
A horny tumor. 
Kerandel's symptom (ker-an-delz') [Jean Fran- 
cois Kerandel, French colonial physician, born 
1873]. See under symptom. 
keraphyllocele (ker-af-il'o-sel) [Gr. Kepas horn 4- 
tpvXXov leaf + K-qX-q tumor], A horny tumor on 
the inner surface of the wall of a horse's hoof. 
kerasin (ker'as-in). A galactosid, probably, CrzHgg- 
NO7, obtained from brain substance. It yields on 
hydrolysis galactose, sphingosin, and lignoceric 
acid. 
keratalgia (ker-at-al'je-ah) [Gr. Kepas horn + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the cornea. 
keratectasia (ker"at-ek-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. Kepas horn 
+ eKTaocs extension]. Protrusion of the cornea. 
KERATECTASIA keratectomy (ker-at-ek'to-me) [Gr. Kepas cornea 
+ eKTopr) excision]. Excision of a portion of the 
cornea: usually done for anterior staphyloma. 
keratiasis (ker-at-i'as-is) [Gr. Kepas horn]. The 
presence of horny warts on the skin. 
keratic (ker-at'ik). Pertaining to horn. 
keratin (ker'at-in) [Gr. Kepas horn]. An albuminoid 
which forms the base of epidermis, hair, and of 
all horny tissues. It is a very insoluble protein, 
contains sulphur, and yields tyrosin and leucin on 
decomposition. Its solution is sometimes used in 
coating pills. 
keratinize (ker-at'in-Iz). 1. To render horny. 2. 
To become horny. 
keratinoid (ker'at-in-oid). A form of tablet not 
soluble in the stomach, but readily soluble in the 
intestine. 
keratinose (ker-at'in-bs). An albumose obtained 
from keratin by hydrolyzing with an acid, alkali, 
or ferment. 
keratinous (ker-at'in-us). Containing or of the 
nature of keratin; horny. 
keratitis (kpr-at-i'tis) [Gr. Kepas horn + -f/w]. 
Inflammation of the cornea k. bandelette. 
Same as ribbon-like k. k. bullo'sa, the formation 
of large or small bullae or blebs upon the cornea, 
deep k. See interstitial k. dendriform k., 
dendritic k., that which results in a dendriform 
ulceration of the cornea, k. discifor'mis, kera- 
titis with the formation of a round or oval, disk- 
like opacity of the cornea, fascicular k., kera- 
titis attended by the formation of a band of blood- 
vessels. furrow k., dendritic keratitis, her- 
petic k., keratitis occurring along with herpes 
zoster. hypopyon-k., suppurative keratitis 
associated with purulent infiltration and hypo- 
pyon. interstitial k., a chronic variety of 
keratitis with deep deposits in the substance of 
the cornea, which becomes hazy throughout and 
has a ground-glass appearance (Sichel, 1837). The 
disease is associated with congenital syphilis, and 
occurs in children before the fifteenth year. Called 
also parenchymatous k. and deep k. lagophthal- 
mic k., that which accompanies lagophthalmos; it 
is due to exposure of the eyeball to the air. mar- 
ginal k., phlyctenular keratitis in which the pap- 
ules are. arranged around the margin of the cornea, 
mycotic k. Same as keratomycosis. neuro- 
paralytic k., that which follows disease of the 
trifacial nerve, oystershuckers' k., a kind 
of suppurative keratitis produced by pieces of 
oyster-shell which have entered the cornea, 
parenchymatous k. See interstitial k. phlyc- 
tenular k., a variety characterized by the for- 
mation of pustules or papules on the cornea, 
k. profun'da, interstitial keratitis, k. punc- 
ta'ta, punctate k., descemetitis, cyclitis, or 
serous iritis resulting in dotted opacity of the cor- 
nea. k. puncta'ta subepithelia'lis, a form 
with gray areas on the cornea under Bowman's 
membrane, with an intact superficial epithelium, 
purulent k., that in which there is formed either 
a suppurating ulcer or an abscess, reapers' k., 
suppurative keratitis due to the wounding of the 
cornea by the awn of some grain, as barley, rib- 
bon-like k., the formation of a transverse film 
on the cornea, sclerosing k., keratitis asso- 
ciated with scleritis, leading to hyperplasia, 
secondary k., keratitis due to disease of some 
other part of the eye. suppurative k., keratitis 
attended with, or associated with, suppuration, 
trachomatous k. See pannus, traumatic 
k., that which results from a wound, vascular 
k., keratitis accompanied by the formation of 
blood-vessels beneath the conjunctiva and outer 
layers of the cornea, vasculonebulous k., 
pannus, vesicular k., keratitis with the develop- 
ment of small vesicles on the surface, xerotic k., 
softening of the cornea. 
kerato- [Gr. Kepas horn, cornea]. A prefix de- 
KERATECTOMY 
577 
KERATOMETRY 
noting some relation to horny tissue or to the 
cornea. 
kerato-angioma (ker"at-o-an-je-o'mah). Same as 
angiokeratoma. 
keratocele (ker'at-o-sel) [Gr. Kepas horn + KifXi) 
hernia]. Hernia of the innermost layer of the 
cornea (Descemet's membrane). 
keratocentesis (ker"at-o-sen-te'sis) [Gr. Kepas 
horn + Keurriats puncture]. Puncturation of the 
cornea. 
keratoconjunctivitis (ker"at-o-kon-junk-tiv-i'- 
tis). Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. 
keratoconus (ker"at-o-ko''nus) [Gr. Kepas horn + 
k&vos cone]. A cone-shaped deformity of the 
cornea. 
keratocricoid (ker"at-o-kri'koid). The posterior 
cricothyroid muscle. 
keratoderma (ker"at-o-der'mah) [Gr. Kepas horn 
+ b'eppa skin], i. A horny skin or covering. 2. 
The cornea. 
keratodermatitis (ker"at-o-der-mat-i'tis) [Gr. 
K$pas horn + b'eppa skin + -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the stratum corneum of the skin. 
keratodermia (ker"at-o-der'me-ah) [Gr. Kepas 
horn + beppa skin]. Hypertrophy of the horny 
layer of the skin. 
keratogenetic (ker"at-o-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to 
keratogenesis. 
keratogenous (ker-at-oj'en-us) [Gr. Kepas horn + 
yevvav to produce]. Giving rise to a growth of 
horny tissue. 
keratoglobus (ker"at-o-glo'bus) [Gr. Kepas horn 
+ L. gio'bus globe]. A globular enlargement and 
protrusion of the cornea. 
keratoglossus (ker"at-o-glos'us). See muscles, 
table of. 
keratohelcosis (ker"at-o-hel-ko'sis) [Gr. Kepas 
horn + eXKuai.s ulceration]. Ulceration of the 
cornea. 
keratohyalin (ker"at-o-hi'al-in). A form of 
hyalin found in the skin. 
keratohyaline (ker"at-o-hi'al-in). Both horny 
and hyaline, like the material of the stratum granu- 
losum of the epidermis. 
keratoid (ker'at-oid) [Gr. Kepas horn + elbos form]. 
Resembling horn or corneal tissue. 
keratoiditis (ker"at-oi-di'tis). Same as keratitis. 
kerato-iridocyclitis (ker"at-o-i"rid-o-sik-li'tis). 
Inflammation of the cornea, iris, and ciliary body. 
kerato-iridoscope (ker"at-o-i-rid'o-skbp) [Gr. 
Kepas horn + I pts iris + aKoirecv to see]. A form 
of compound microscope for examining the eye. 
kerato-iritis (ker"at-o-i-ri'tis) [Gr. Kepas horn -f- 
Ipts iris]. Inflammation of the cornea and iris. 
keratoleukoma (ker"at-o-lu-ko'mah) [Gr. Kepas 
horn + leukoma]. A white opacity of the cornea. 
keratolysis (ker-at-ol'is-is) [Gr. Kepas horn + Xuais 
a loosening]. The peeling off of the skin. 
keratolytic (ker"at-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to or 
producing keratolysis. 
keratoma (ker-at-o'mah), pl. kerato'mata [Gr. Kepas 
horn + -upa tumor]. Any horny tumor; a growth 
of horny tissue, k. diffu'sum, ichthyosis con- 
genita. k. planta're sulca'tum, a thickened 
fissured condition of the skin of the soles of the 
feet. k. seni'le, the lesion of senile keratosis. 
keratomalacia (ker"at-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. Kepas 
horn + paXaKta softness]. Softening of the 
cornea. 
keratome (ker'at-bm) [Gr. K'epas horn + repvnv to 
cut]. A knife for incising the cornea. 
keratometer (ker-at-om'et-er) [Gr. Kepas horn + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the curves of the cornea. 
keratometry (ker-at-om'et-re). The measure- 
ment of the cornea. keratomycosis (ker"at-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. Kepas 
cornea + pvK-rjs fungus]. Fungous disease of the 
cornea. 
keratonosis (ker"at-o-no'sis). Any anomaly in 
the horny structure of the epidermis. 
keratonosus (ker-at-on'o-sus) [Gr. Kepas cornea + 
vbvos disease]. Any disease of the cornea. 
keratonyxis (ker"at-o-niks'is) [Gr. Kepas cornea + 
vbaaeiv to puncture]. Puncture of the cornea, 
as in certain operations on the cornea. 
keratoplasty (ker'at-o-plas-te) [Gr. Kepas cornea 
4- TrXdaoeip to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
cornea; especially the transference of a piece of 
the cornea of a lower animal to the human eye to 
take the place of an opaque spot therein, optic 
k., the transference of a piece of corneal tissue to 
replace a scar which interferes with vision, tec- 
tonic k., transplantation of corneal material with 
a view simply to supply lost tissue. 
keratoscleritis (ker"at-o-skle-ri'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the cornea and sclera. 
keratoscope (ker'at-o-skop) [Gr. Kepas cornea + 
ffKoireiv to observe]. An instrument for examining 
the cornea. 
keratoscopy (ker-at-os'ko-pe). The examination 
of the cornea; more especially the study of the 
reflections of light from its anterior surface. 
keratose (ker'at-os). Horny. 
keratosic (ker-at-o'sik). Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by keratosis. 
keratosis (ker-at-o'sis) [Gr. Kepas horn]. Any 
horny growth, such as a wart or callosity; any 
disease attended by horny growths, k. blennor- 
rha'gica, a condition marked by thickened horny 
growths on the skin and associated with gonor- 
rheal arthritis, k. diffu'sa foeta'lis. See 
ichthyosis congenita, k. follicula'ris, a skin dis- 
ease characterized by papules containing scabby 
crusts that can be squeezed out. Called also 
Darier's disease, k. ni'gricans, a skin affection 
consisting of dark-colored, warty growths, espe- 
cially on the back of the neck and axillary and 
pectoral folds. Called also acanthosis nigricans. 
k. obtu'rans, a mass of epidermic scales and 
cerumen in the external auditory meatus, k. 
pila'ris, a disease of the skin marked by the 
formation of a hard elevation around each hair- 
follicle. k. seni'lis, a harsh, dry state of the skin 
in old age. 
keratotome (ker-at'ot-om). See keratome. 
keratotomy (ker-at-ot'o-me) [Gr. Kepas cornea + 
repvetv to cut]. Surgical incision of the cornea. 
keraunoneurosis (ker-aw"no-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. Kep- 
avvbs lightning + vevpov nerve]. A nervous dis- 
order due to lightning-stroke. 
keraunophobia (ker-aw-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Kepavvbs 
lightning + tpo^os fear]. Morbid dread of light- 
ning. 
kerectomy (ke-rek'to-me) [Gr. Kepas cornea + 
eKTopf) excision]. Removal of a part of the cornea. 
kerion (ke're-on) [Gr. K-qplov honey-comb]. A 
pustular disease of the scalp; tinea kerion. Cel- 
sus' k., pustular inflammation of the hair-folli- 
cles of the scalp in tinea tonsurans. 
keritherapy (ker-ith-ePap-e) [Gr. Kepos wax + 
Oepa-rceia treatment]. 1. Treatment by baths of 
liquid paraffin: used in gout, sciatica, and nutri- 
tional disorders. 2. Treatment of extensive burns 
with paraffin solutions. 
Kerkring's folds, ossicles, valves (ker'kringz) 
[Theodorus Kerkring, Dutch anatomist, 1640- 
1693]. See fold, ossicle, and valve. 
kermes (ker'mez) [Arabic, Persian]. The Coc'cus 
il'icis, an insect found on the leaves of various 
oaks, chiefly on Quer'cus coccif'era (kermes-oak). 
It furnishes a red pigment which is used as a dye- 
stuff. k.-mineral, antimony oxysulphid. 
Kernig's sign (ker'nigz) [Vladimir Kernig, a 
physician in St. Petersburg, born 1840]. See sign. 
KERATOMYCOSIS 
578 
Kernschwund (karn'shwund) [Ger.]. Congenital 
faulty development or absence of nuclei in the cells 
of the central nervous system; e. g., in congenital 
ophthalmoplegia (Moebius). 
kerocain (ker'o-ka-in). Novocain of British manu- 
facture. 
keroid (ker'oid) [Gr. Kepoei5r)s horn-like]. Resem- 
bling the cornea. 
keroline (ker'o-lin). A liquid used as a solvent for 
ichthyol. 
kerosolene (ker-os'o-len). A volatile fluid from 
petroleum: it smells like chloroform and is anes- 
thetic. 
kero therapy (ker-o-ther'ap-e). Keri therapy. 
kerril (ker'il). A venomous sea-snake, Hydro'phis 
jerdo'ni, of the Indian Ocean. 
kestin (kes'tin). Trinitrophenol combined with 
resorcinol, ammonium chlorid, orthoboric acid, and 
formaldehyd: a proprietary antiseptic, antipruritic, 
and analgesic agent. 
ketene (ke'ten). A colorless gas of penetrating odor, 
carbomethane, H2C : CO. It is the simplest of the 
ketones, and combines with water to form acetic 
acid. 
keto-. A prefix which denotes the possession of the 
carbonyl group, : C : O. 
keto-aldehyd (ke-to-al'de-hld). A compound 
which is a ketone and an aldehyd. 
ketogenesis (ke-to-jen'es-is) [ketone + Gr. yeveais 
generation]. The production of acetone bodies. 
ketogenetic (ke"to-jen-et'ik). Forming ketones. 
ketogenic (ke-to-jen'ik). Forming acetone. The 
ketogenic substances in metabolism are the fatty 
acids and certain of the amino-acids of protein. 
ketol (ke'tol). See indol. 
ketolytic (ke-to-lit'ik) [ketone + Gr. Xvtikos dis- 
solving]. Splitting up acetone bodies; antiketo- 
genic. In metabolism carbohydrate is the ketolytic 
substance. 
ketone (ke'ton). Any compound containing the 
carbonyl group, CO. k. bodies, acetone bodies. 
See under body, dimethyl k. See acetone. 
ketonemia, ketonaemia (ke-to-ne'me-ah) [ketone 
+ Gr. alpa blood]. The presence of ketone 
(acetone) bodies in the blood. 
ketonuria (ke-to-nu're-ah) [ketone + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of ketones (acetone bodies) 
in the urine. 
ketoplasia (ke-to-pla'se-ah). The formation of 
ketone bodies. 
ketoplastic (ke-to-plas'tik) [ketone + Gr. TrXaa- 
aeii' to form]. Causing the formation of ketone. 
ketoreductase (ke"to-re-duk'tas). An enzyme in 
liver, muscle, and kidney which transforms aceto- 
acetic acid into 1-0-oxybutyric acid. 
ketose (ke'tos). A sugar which is the ketone of a 
hexatomic alcohol; any sugar which contains a 
carbonyl group. 
ketosid, ketoside (ke'to-sid). Any glucosid which 
yields ketose on hydrolysis. 
ketosis (ke-to'sis). A condition marked by exces- 
sive formation of ketones in the body. 
kettle, croup (ket'l). A kettle arranged for giving 
off a continuous stream of steam: used in giving 
vapor inhalations and for keeping the atmosphere 
of the room humid in cases of croup or laryngitis. 
key, DuBois-Reymond's (ke). An appliance by 
means of which electric currents can be sent 
through both electrodes or through a short cir- 
cuit. 
keynote (ke'not). A homeopathic term for the 
characteristic property of a drug which indicates its 
use in treating a similar symptom of disease. 
Key-Retzius foramina [Ernst Axel Henrik Key, 
Swedish physician, 1832-1901; Magnus Gustaf 
Retzius, Swedish histologist, born 1842]. See 
foramen. 
KEY-RETZIUS FORAMINA KG. 
579 
KINECTINE 
Kg. Abbreviation for kilogram. 
kharsin (kar'sin). The proprietary name of sodium 
3-methyl-4-aminophenylarsonate, a white, crys- 
talline powder used in protozoan diseases. 
kharsivan (kar'siv-an). A British-made substitute 
for salvarsan. 
khat (kat). See Catha. 
KHCO3. Potassium acid carbonate. 
khosam (ko'sam). See kosam. 
K. H. P. Honorary Physician to the King. 
K. H. S. Honorary Surgeon to the King. 
KHSO,. Potassium bisulphate. 
KI. Potassium iodid. 
kibe (kib). The same as chilblain. 
kibisitome (ki-bis'it-6m) [Gr. kIPutls pouch + to^t] 
cut]. Same as cystitome. 
kidinga pepo (kid-in'gah pe'po) [cramp-like pains]. 
A disease of Zanzibar, probably identical with 
dengue. 
kidney (kid'ne) [L. ren}. Either of the two glandular 
bodies in the lumbar region that secrete the urine. 
Each kidney is about four inches long, two inches 
wide, and one inch thick, and weighs from four to 
six ounces. The kidney is of characteristic shape, 
presents a notch on the inner border, known as 
the hilus, which communicates with the cavity 
or sinus by which the vessels, nerves, and ureter 
pass. The kidney consists of a cortical substance 
and of a medullary substance. The medullary 
substance forms pyramids, whose bases are in the 
cortex, and whose apices, which are called papilla, 
project into the calices of the pelvis of the kidney. 
Jhe renal pyramids of Malpighi are in three rows, 
and number from ten to fifteen. The parenchyma 
of the kidney is composed of uriniferous tubules, 
held together by a little connective tissue. The 
terminal orifices of these open at the summit of 
each papilla. A uriniferous tubule begins at a cap- 
sule of Malpighi within the cortex, has a neck or 
constriction below the capsule, becomes the proxi- 
mal convoluted tube, then the spiral tube of Scha- 
chowa, and successively Henle's loop, irregular 
tubule, distal convoluted tubule, curved tubule, 
and the straight collecting tubule, which opens 
at the apex of a renal papilla. The straight col- 
lecting tubes converge as they descend, forming 
groups in the center, known as medullary rays. 
The pyramids of Ferr ein are the subordinate cones 
of the kidney papilla:. The tubules are lined with 
pavement epithelium; the epithelium in other por- 
tions varies in shape and size. An envelop of a 
glomerule of the kidney is known as Bowman's cap- 
sule. Urine is formed by a process partly physical 
and partly vital, the watery elements being ex- 
truded from the blood by filtration; the solid por- 
tions by a special elaborative action of the renal 
epithelium, amyloid k., one that is the seat of 
amyloid or waxy degeneration, arterioscle- 
rotic k., a kidney contracted as a result of sclero- 
sis of the renal arteries, branny k., a kidney 
which appears as if it contained bran, due to fatty 
degeneration in spots, cicatricial k., a shriv- 
eled, irregular, and scarred kidney: usually the 
last stage of a surgical kidney, cirrhotic k., 
granular kidney. contracted k., granular 
kidney, cyanotic k., passive congestion of the 
kidney, cystic k., a kidney containing cysts, 
disk k., a condition in which the two kidneys are 
fused, one kidney being superimposed upon the 
other, fatty k., a kidney affected with fatty de- 
generation. floating k., one which is loosened 
and displaced. Formad's k., an enlarged and 
deformed kidney, sometimes seen in chronic 
alcoholism, gouty k., granular k., one 
affected with chronic interstitial inflammation, 
head-k., the pronephros, horseshoe-k., the 
two kidneys partially united or fused, larda- 
Cpous k., an amyloid kidney, large white k., 
one affected with chronic interstitial nephritis, 
massage-k., a condition of chronic renal incom- 
petence and uremia due to excessive excretory 
effort on the part of the kidney, resulting from the 
improper and excessive application of massage to a 
gouty patient, mural k., a kidney located in a 
pocket of peritoneum in the abdominal wall, 
palpable k., slight nephroptosis, pelvic k., 
dislocation of the kidney into the pelvis, pig- 
back k., a kidney congested and enlarged as a 
result of chronic alcoholism, primordial k., 
the pronephros, red contracted k., a gouty 
kidney. Rokitansky's k., amyloid kidney. 
Rose-Bradford k., a form of fibrotic kidney of 
inflammatory origin found in young subjects, 
sclerotic k., granular kidney, sigmoid k., a 
deformed and fused kidney somewhat resembling 
the horseshoe form, the upper pole of one kidney 
being fused with the lower pole of the other, 
small white k., an atrophied and degenerated 
state of the kidney following a chronic interstitial 
nephritis, soapy k., a large white kidney which 
contains myelins instead of simple fats, solitary 
k., a kidney made up of two kidneys fused, suc- 
centuriate k., a suprarenal body, super- 
numerary k., an occasional kidney-like struc- 
ture detached from the kidney proper, surgical 
k., suppurative pyelonephritis following an opera- 
tion upon a urinary organ, wandering k., a 
floating or displaced kidney, waxy k., an amyloid 
kidney. 
Kienboeck unit (ken'bek) [Robert Kienboeck, 
Austrian physician, born 1871]. See under unit. 
Kiernan's space (ker'nanz) [Francis Kiernan, 
English physician, 1800-1874]. Interlobar space 
of the liver. 
kieselguhr (ke'sel-goor) [Ger.]. A fossil earth used 
for clearing fluids and as an absorbent dressing. 
Kiesselbach's area or space (ke'sel-bahks) 
[W. Kiesselbach, German laryngologist, 1839-1902]. 
See area. 
kiestein (ki-es'te-in). Same as kyestein. 
kikekunemalo (ki"ke-ku-ne-mah'lo). A resin 
much resembling copal: used for varnishes. 
kil (kil). A white, sticky, and soapy clay from the 
Black Sea region. When sterilized, it is employed 
as an ointment-base for use in skin diseases. 
Kilian's line (kil'e-anz) [Herman Friedrich Kilian, 
German gynecologist, 1800-1863]. See under line. 
Killian's operation (kil'e-anz) [Gustav Killian, 
German laryngologist, 1860-1921]. See under 
operation. 
kilogram (kil'o-gram). One thousand grams, or 
2.68 pounds troy. See weights and measures. 
kilogrammeter (kil'o-gram-me-ter). A* unit of 
work, representing the energy required to raise 
1 gm. a meter vertically against gravitational force, 
equivalent to about 7.2 foot-pounds and equal to 
1000 grammeters. 
kiloliter (kil'o-le-ter) [Fr. kilolitre}. One thousand 
liters; 35.3171 cubic feet. See weights and measures. 
kilometer (kil'o-me-ter) [Fr. kilometre}. One thou- 
sand meters. See weights and measures. 
kilurane (kil'u-ran). A unit of radio-activity, being 
1000 uranium units. 
Kimpton-Brown tube [Arthur Ronald Kimpton, 
Boston surgeon]. See under tube. 
kinsesthesia, kinsesthesis (kin-es-the'ze-ah, kin- 
es-the'sis). See kinesthesia. 
kinanesthesia (kin-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. Klvrjaiz 
motion + anesthesia}. Loss of power of perceiving 
the sensation of movement, due to derangement of 
deep sensibility. 
kinase (kin'as) [Gr. Kivr)<ns motion], A colloidal 
substance existing in various tissues which serves 
to activate the specific enzyme of those tissues. 
kinectine (kin-ek'tin). A preparation, benzosul- 
phone-para-amino-phenyl-arsenate of quinin: used 
in influenza, coryza, catarrh, hay-fever, malaria, 
etc. kinematics (kin-e-mat'iks) [Gr. elvepa motion]. 
The science of motion, including the movements 
of the body. 
kinematograph (kin-em-at'o-graf) [Gr. Kivepa mo- 
tion + ypaipecp to record]. An instrument for 
exhibiting pictures of objects in motion: it is of 
considerable service in diagnosis. 
kineplastics (kin-e-plas'tiks). Kineplasty. 
kineplasty (kip'e-plas-te) [Gr. Klwqais motion + 
TrXaaaeiv to form]. Plastic amputation; amputa- 
tion in which the stump is so formed as to be 
utilized for motor purposes. 
kinergety (kin-er'jet-e). The capacity for kinetic 
energy. 
kinesalgia (kin-es-al'je-ah) [Gr. Kivqais movement 
+ &X70S pain]. Pain on muscular exertion. 
kinescope (kin'es-kop) [Gr. Klvrjcns motion + 
0 Kott div to view]. An instrument for measuring 
ocular refraction, in which the patient observes a 
fixed object through a slit in a moving disk. 
kinesia, kinetia (kin-e'se-ah, kin-e'te-ah). Mo- 
tion sickness, including sea-sickness, car-sickness, 
etc. 
kinesialgia (kin-e-se-al'je-ah). Kinesalgia. 
kinesiatrics (kin-e-se-at'riks) [Gr. Klvrjais motion 
+ larpiKos curative]. Same as kinesitherapy. 
kinesi-esthesiometer (kin-e"se-es-the-ze-om'et- 
er) [Gr. idvqais motion + aiaOyais sensation + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for estimating 
or measuring the muscular sense. 
kinesimeter (kin-e-sim'et-er) [Gr. Kiv-qcns motion 
+ perpov measure]. 1. An instrument for the 
quantitative measurement of movements. 2. An 
instrument for exploring the surface of the body to 
test cutaneous sensibility. 
kinesiodic (kin-e-se-od'ik) [Gr. Kivqais motion 4- 
666s way]. Pertaining to motor nerve-paths. 
kinesiology (kin-e-se-ol'o-je) [Gr. Klvqais motion 
4- Xbyos discourse]. The sum of what is known 
regarding movements, especially hygienic or 
therapeutic movements. 
kinesiometer (kin-e-se-om'et-er). Same as kin- 
esimeter. 
kinesioneurosis (kin-e"se-o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. Klvrpris 
movement 4- neurosis], A functional nervous 
disorder characterized by derangement of the 
nervous system, external k., one that affects 
the muscles of external relation, internal k., 
visceral k., one that affects the muscles of the 
viscera, vascular k. Same as an gioneurosis. 
kinesipathy (kin-es-ip'ath-e). An incorrect syn- 
onym of kinesitherapy. 
kinesiphony (kin-e-sif'o-ne) [Gr. Kivrpns motion 4- 
<pbvq sound]. The employment of a buzzer in re- 
training the hearing. 
kinesitherapy (kin-es"e-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Kiwqais 
motion 4- Oepareia cure]. The treatment of dis- 
ease by movements or exercise; lingism. 
kinesodic (kin-e-sod'ik) [Gr. Kivqois motion 4- 636s 
way]. Pertaining to the conveyance of motor 
impulses. 
kinesthesia, kinesthesis (kin-es-the'ze-ah, kin- 
es-the'sis) [Gr. Kiveiv to move 4~ aia0??cris sensa- 
tion]. The sense by which muscular motion, 
weight, position, etc., are perceived. 
kinesthesiometer (kin"es-the-ze-om'et-er) [kin- 
esthesia 4- Gr. perpov measure]. A device by which 
to measure or test the muscular sensibility. 
kinesthetic (kin-es-thet'ik). Pertaining to kines- 
thesia or the muscular sense. 
kinetic (kin-et'ik) [Gr. KivqriKbs]. Pertaining to or 
producing motion. 
kinetism (kin'et-izm). The ability to perform or 
initiate muscular action. 
kinetogenic (kin-e"to-jen'ik) [Gr. Kcv-qrbs movable 
4- yewdv to produce]. Causing or producing 
movement. 
KINEMATICS 
580 
kinetographic (kin-et-o-graf'ik) [Gr. Kiwqrbs mov- 
able + ypd<peiv to record]. Recording graphic- 
ally the movements of parts and features. 
kinetonucleus (kin-et-o-nu'kle-us) [Gr. 
movable + nucleus]. The micronucleus or centro- 
some of a cell as distinguished from the principal 
nucleus or trophonucleus. 
kinetoplasm (kin-et'o-plazm) [Gr. Kiv-qros movable 
+ TrXaapa something formed]. The most highly 
contractile portion of the cytoplasm of a cell; the 
energy-plasm: the term is applied to the chromato- 
philic elements in the nervous tissue. 
kinetoscope (kin-et'os-kop) [Gr. Kiv-qrbs movable 
4- tTKoireiv to view], A form of chromophoto- 
graph: useful in diagnosis and in physiologic 
study. 
kinetoscopy (kin-et-os'ko-pe). Serial photography 
which exhibits the motions of the limbs or fea- 
tures: used in diagnosis. 
kinetosis (kin-e-to'sis), pl. kineloses [Gr. 
motion]. Any disease due to unaccustomed mo- 
tions, as car-sickness and sea-sickness. 
kinetotherapy (kin-et-o-ther'ap-e). Same as kin- 
esitherapy. 
king's evil. Scrofula. 
kink, Lane's (kink'). A bending and twisting of the 
ileum in its last six inches, with adhesions of the 
folds to one another, producing narrowing and ob- 
struction of the lumen. Called also Heal kink and 
angulation of the ileum. 
kino (ki'no). The dried juice of Pterocar'pus 
marsu' pium, of southern Asia, and of various 
other trees. It is a strong astringent, and is 
used in diarrhea mixtures and gargles. Dose,. 
5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.); of compound powder 
(pul'vis ki'no compos'itus), 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 
gm.); of tincture, 5-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.). 
kinocentrum (ki-no-sen'trum). The centrosome. 
kinoin (ki'no-in). A principle, C14H12O8, from Aus- 
tralian kino. 
kinology (ki-nol'o-je). Kinesiology. 
kinometer (kin-om'et-er) [Gr. Kivdiv to move 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
uterine displacements. 
kinone (kin'on). Same as quinone. 
kinoplasm (ki'no-plazm) [Gr. kiv&v to move 4- 
irXdapa. plasm]. The specific kinetic or motor 
substance of a cell; functional protoplasm. Called 
also archoplasm and er gas toplasm. 
kinoplastic (ki-no-plas'tik). Pertaining to kino- 
plasm. 
kinotoxin (ki-no-tok'sin) [Gr. Kiveiv to move + 
toxin]. A fatigue toxin. 
kinovin (kin-o'vin). Same as quinovin. 
kiono-. For words thus beginning, see under 
ciono-. 
kiotome (ki'ot-om) [Gr. k'mv column 4- repvetv to 
cut]. A knife for amputating the uvula. 
kiotomy (ki-ot'o-me). The use of the kiotome; 
amputation of the uvula. 
Kirmisson's operation (ker'me-sawz') [Edouard 
Kirmisson, French surgeon, born 1848]. See 
operation. 
kirrhonosis (kir-on-o'sis). Kirronosis. 
kirronosis (kir-ron-o'sis) [Gr. Kippbs yellow 4- 
vbaos disease]. Lobstein's term for fetal jaun- 
dice, affecting the serous membranes exclusively. 
Kirstein's method (ker'stlnz) [Alfred Kirstein, 
German physician, 1863-1923]. See under method. 
kissing bug. See Melanolestes picipes. 
Kissingen salts (kis'ing-en). An aperient salt 
from the waters of a spring at Kissingen, Ba- 
varia. 
Kitasato's bacillus, filter, serum (ke-tas-^h'- 
toz) [Shibasaburo Kitasato, Japanese bacteriologist, 
bom 1856]. See bacillus, filter, serum. 
KITASATO'S BACILLUS Kittel's treatment (kit'elz) [M. J. Kittel, con- 
temporary German physician]. See treatment. 
K.-j. Abbreviation for knee-jerk. 
Kjeldahl's method (kyel'dahlz) [J. Kjeldahl, 
Danish chemist]. See under method. 
KI. Abbreviation for klang and kiloliter. 
klang (klahng) [Ger.]. A compound musical tone; 
a fundamental tone combined with its over- 
tones. 
Klapp's creeping treatment (klaps) [Rudolf 
Klapp, surgeon in Berlin, born 1873]. See treat- 
ment. 
klatsch-preparation (klatsh). A cover-glass prep- 
aration made by pressing a cover-glass on a 
plate-culture of bacteria. 
Klebs-Loffler bacillus (klebs-lef'lar) [Edwin 
Klebs, bacteriologist in Berlin, 1834-1913; Friede- 
rich A. J. Loffler]. See bacillus. 
klemmolin (klem'o-lin). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of pine-leaves and poplar-buds: a rheuma- 
tism cure. 
kleptomania (klep-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. KXeirretv to 
steal + /aavla madness]. An insane impulse to 
steal; insanity marked by a desire to steal. 
kleptomaniac (klep-to-ma'ne-ak). A person 
affected with kleptomania. 
kleptophobia (klep-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. KXeirreiv to 
steal + <f>6^os fear]. Insane dread of becoming a 
thief. 
klim (klim). A proprietary milk powder. 
klinol (kli'nol). A proprietary analgesic and anti- 
pyretic. 
Klippel's disease (klip'elz) [Maurice Klippel, 
French neurologist, born 1858]. Arthritic general 
pseudoparalysis. 
kliseometer (klis-e-om'et-er). Same as cliseo- 
meter. 
Kluge's method (kloo'gez) [Karl Alexander 
Ferdinand Kluge, German obstetrician, 1782-1844]. 
See method. 
Klumpke's paralysis (kloomp'kez) [Madame A. 
Dejerine Klumpke, contemporary Parisian neurolo- 
gist]. See paralysis. 
Km. Abbreviation for kilometer. 
KMnO4. Potassium permanganate. 
Knapp's forceps, streaks (naps) [Hermann 
Knapp, New York ophthalmologist, 1832-1911]. 
See forceps, streak. 
knee (ne) [L. ge'nu]. The anterior aspect of the 
leg at the articulation of the femur and tibia; 
also the articulation itself, automobile k., 
chronic congestion of the ligaments of the knee- 
joint due to the posture in driving an automobile, 
big-k. 1. Bursitis over the knees of cattle. 
2. A tumor of the bony parts of the knee-joint 
in horses. Brodie's k., a chronic synovi- 
tis of the knee-joint in which the affected parts 
acquire a soft and pulpy consistence, broken 
k., an injury of the knee of a horse due to vio- 
lence, k.-cap, k.-pan, the patella, capped 
k., distention of the synovial bursa over the 
knee-joint of horses or cattle. football k., a 
swollen, relaxed, somewhat tender knee seen in 
football players. hooped k., the presence 
of exostoses in the knee of a horse. house- 
maids' k., inflammation of the bursa in front 
of the patella, with accumulation of fluid there- 
in. in-k., knock-k., genu valgum; the con- 
dition in which the knees come together while 
the ankles are far apart, k. of the internal 
capsule, the bend at the junction of the anterior 
and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, k.- 
jerk. See under reflex, k.-joint, the articula- 
tion of the femur and tibia, out-k., genu varum, 
or bow-leg. septic k., a suppurating knee-joint, 
sprung k., forward bending of the knee of a horse, 
due to shortening of the flexor tendons. 
kneippism (nip'izm) [after Rev. Father Kneipp 
KiTTEL'S TREATMENT 
581 
(1821-1897), who introduced the practice]. Cure 
by walking barefoot in the morning dew, cold 
bathing, etc. 
knife (nif). A cutting instrument, of various 
shapes and sizes, for surgeons' and dissectors' 
use. Beer's k., a knife with a triangle-shaped 
blade, used in operations for cataract and fpr 
excising staphyloma of the cornea, cataract k., 
a knife for cutting the cornea in operations for 
cataract, cautery k., a knife having the blade 
connected with an electric battery, so that the 
tissues may be seared while cutting, thus prevent- 
ing bleeding. Graefe k., a slender knife used in 
linear extraction of cataract. Liston's k's, 
long-bladed knives for amputation. 
knismogenic (nis-mo-jen'ik) [Gr. kvutimk tickling 
4- yevvav to produce]. Producing a tickling sensa- 
tion. 
knitting (nit'ing). The repair of a fractured 
bone. 
KNO3. Potassium nitrate. 
knock, pericardial. A clear metallic clicking 
sound heard over the precordium in certain cases 
of penetrating chest wounds in the neighborhood 
of the pericardium; it has been ascribed to emphy- 
sema of the mediastinal connective tissue or to 
free air in the interstitial connective tissue of the 
lung. 
knock-knee (nok'ne). Genu valgum. See knee. 
knot (not). An intertwining of the ends or parts 
of one or more cords so that they cannot easily 
be separated, clove-hitch k., a knot consisting 
of two contiguous loops which are placed around 
an object, the ends of the cord being toward each 
other: used for making traction on a part for the 
reduction of dislocations, double k. Same as 
friction k. false k. Same as granny k. fric- 
tion k., a knot in which the ends of the cord are 
twisted twice around each other before being tied, 
granny k., a double knot in the second loop of 
which the end of one cord is over, and the other 
under, its fellow, so that the loops do not lie in the 
same line. Hensen's k., the first appearance of 
the primitive streak of the embryo in the form of a 
knot-like thickening, protochordal k. Same as 
Hensen's k. reef k., a double knot in which the 
free ends of the second knot lie in the same 
plane as the ends of the first knot. Called 
also sailors' k. and square k. sailors' k., 
square k. See reef k. Staffordshire k., a 
knot for tying pedicles, as of the ovary. It is made 
by passing a ligature through the pedicle by a 
needle, which is withdrawn so as to leave a loop 
which is passed over the pedicle. One of the 
ends of the ligature is drawn through the loop, 
and the two ends are tied by a reef knot: called 
also Taffs k. stay k., a knot made with two or 
more ligatures, each being tied with the first half 
of a reef knot; then all the ends of one side are 
taken in one hand, and all the ends on the other 
side in the other hand, and tied as if they formed 
one single thread, surgeons' k., surgical k., 
a knot in which the thread is passed twice through 
the same loop. Tait's k. See Staffordshire k. 
knuckle (nuk'l). 1. The dorsal aspect of any 
phalangeal joint. 2. An extruded loop, as of the 
bowel or omentum in hernia. 
knuckling (nuk'ling). A condition in which 
tfie fetlock joint of a horse is pushed upward 
■ and forward, due to shortening of the tendons 
behind. 
koagulen (ko-ag'u-len). Same as coagulen. 
Kobelt's tubes (ko'belts) [Georg L. Kobelt, 
German physician, 1804-1857]. See tube. 
Robert's test (ko'bertz) [Eduard Rudolf Kobert, 
German chemist, 1854-1919]. See under tests. 
KOC. An abbreviation for kathodal opening con- 
traction. 
Koch's lymph, etc. (kbks) [Robert Koch, German 
bacteriologist, 1843-1910]. See lymph, etc. 
KOCH'S LYMPH Koch's node (koks) [Walter Koch, German sur- 
geon, born 1880]. Atrioventricular node. See node. 
Koch's test (koks). See under tests. 
Koch-Weeks bacillus (kok-weks) [Robert Koch; 
John Elmer Weeks, New York oculist, born 1853]. 
See under bacillus. 
Kocher's forceps, operation (kok'erz) [Theodor 
Kocher, Swiss surgeon, 1841-1917]. See forceps and 
operation. 
Kocks' operation [Joseph Kocks, German sur- 
geon, born 1846]. See operation. 
kodol (ko'dol). A proprietary digestant and dys- 
pepsia cure. 
kodozonol (ko-do-zo'nol). A proprietary ozonized 
preparation of cod-liver oil. 
Koeberlfi's forceps (ke-ber-laz') [Eugene Koeberle, 
French surgeon, 1828-1915]. Hemostatic forceps. 
KOH. Potassium hydroxid. 
Kohler's disease (ka'lerz) [Alban Kohler, German 
physician, bom 1874]. See under disease. 
Kohlrausch's fold or valve (kol'rowsh) [Otto 
Ludwig Bernhard Kohlrausch, German physician, 
1811-1854]. See fold. 
Kohnstamm's phenomenon (kon'stahmz). See 
after-movement 
koilonychia (koi-lo-nik'e-ah) [Gr. koiXos hollow + 
bvv^ nail] A condition in which the nail is con- 
cave; spoon-nail. 
kola (ko'lah). The seeds of Co'la acumina'ta, 
a tree of Africa: it is a cardiac, aphrodisiac, and 
nerve stimulant Dose of tincture, 60 min. (4 
c.c.); of fluidextract, 20-30 min. (1.333-2 c.c.). 
k. car dinette, a therapeutic combination of 
kola and phosphates from cereal grains, k. tan- 
nin, a compound of caffein and tannin derived 
from kola. 
kolabon (ko'lah-bon). A proprietary confection 
containing kola. 
kolanin (ko'lan-in). An active principle from 
kola. 
Kolle's serum (kol'ez) [Wilhelm Kolle, German 
bacteriologist, born 1868]. See serum. 
Kolliker's layer, nucleus, etc. (kel'ik-erz) 
[Rudolph Albert von Kdlliker, German anatomist, 
1817-1905]. See layer, nucleus, etc. 
kolloxylin (kol-ok'sil-in). A substance allied to 
celloidin, and used in histologic work. 
Kolmer's test (kol'merz) [John A. Kolmer, Phila- 
delphia pathologist, born 1886]. See under tests. 
kolp-. For words beginning thus, see those begin- 
ning colp-. 
kolynos (kol'in-os) [Gr. Ku\eveiv to hinder + vbaos 
disease]. A proprietary antiseptic dental paste. 
kolyone (ko'le-6n). See colyone. 
kolypeptic (ko-lip-ep'tik) [Gr. KuXeveiv to hinder 
+ TreirriKos peptic] Hindering or checking di- 
gestion. 
kolyseptic (ko-lis-ep'tik) [Gr. KuXevecv to hinder + 
a-qirTiKbs septic]. Checking or hindering septic 
processes. 
kombe (kom'ba). An African arrow-poison from 
Strophan'thus kom'be. 
Kondoleon's operation (kon-do'le-onz) [Em- 
manuel Kondoleon, contemporary surgeon in 
Athens]. See operation. 
Kbnig's operation (kan'igz) [Franz Konig, 
German surgeon, 1832-1910]. See operation. 
Konig's rods (kan'igz) [Charles Joseph Konig, 
German otologist, born 1868]. See under rod. 
koniology (ko-ne-ol'o-je). Same as coniology. 
konseal (kon'sel). A proprietary form of cachet or 
capsule for enclosing a dose of medicine. 
kontralnesin (kon-tral-ne'sin). A preparation of 
colloidal mercury with arsenic, phosphorus, and 
salicyl-sozoidol-quinin sublimate: used for syphilis. 
kontrastin (kon-tras'tin). Zirconium oxid. 
KOCH'S NODE 
582 
koosin (koo'sin). See koussin. 
kooso (koo'so). See kousso. 
kopf-tetanus (kopf-tet'an-us) [Ger. Kopj head 4* 
tetanus). Tetanus following a wound of the head. 
kophemia (ko-fe'me-ah) [Gr.]. Word-deafness; 
logokophosis. 
kopiopia (ko-pe-o'pe-ah). See copiopia. 
Koplik's spots (kop'liks) [Henry Koplik, New York 
pediatrist, born 1858]. See under spot. 
Kopp's asthma [Johann Heinrich Kopp, German 
physician, 1777-1858]. See asthma. 
koprsemia (kop-re'me-ah). Same as copremia. 
koprosterin (kop-ro-ste'rin). Same as stercorin. 
Koranyi's auscultation or percussion, treat- 
ment (ko-ran'yez) [Baron F. von Kordnyi, Hun- 
garian physician, 1829-1913]. See auscultation and 
treatment. 
koronion (ko-fo'ne-on), pl. koro'nia [Gr. Kopawr) 
crest]. A point at the apex of the coronoid proc- 
esses of the inferior maxilla. 
koroscopy (ko-ros'ko-pe). See coroscopy. 
Korsakoff's psychosis or syndrome (kor-sak'- 
ofs) [Sergei Sergeyevich Korsakoff, Russian neurol- 
ogist, 1853-1900]. See psychosis. 
kosam (ko'sam). The seeds of Bru'cea Sumat- 
ra' na, of southeastern Asia: a Chinese remedy 
for dysentery and uterine hemorrhage. Dose, 
5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
Koshevnikofi's disease (ko-shev'nik-ofs) [Alexici 
Jakovlevich Koshevnikoff, Russian neurologist, 
1836-1902]. A mild epilepsy. 
kosin (ko'sin). Same as koussin. 
kosotoxin (ko-so-toks'in). A yellowish, amorphous 
powder, C36H34O10, from kousso: a powerful mus- 
cle poison. 
Koster's nodule (kes'terz) [Karl Koster, German 
pathologist, born 1843]. See nodule. 
Kottmann's reaction (kot'manz). See under 
reaction. 
koumiss, kumiss (koo'mis) [Tatarian]. A fer- 
mented alcoholic drink prepared from cows' 
milk; originally from mares' milk by the Tartars. 
koussein (koo'se-in). A yellowish-brown powder, 
the active principle of brayera. It is soluble in 
alcohol, ether, and chloroform, and sparingly 
soluble in water: used as an anthelmintic. Dose, 
15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
koussin (koo'sin). An anthelmintic resin, C31H38- 
O10, from kousso. Dose, 20-40 gr. (1.333-2.666 
gm.). Called also brayerin. 
kousso (koo'so). The flowers of Hage'nia abys- 
sin'ica, or Braye'ra anthelmin'tica: anthelmintic 
and teniacide. Dose, in infusion, 2-4 dr. (8-16 
c.c.); of fluidextract, 2-8 fl.dr. (8-32 c.c.). 
Kovalevski's canal (ko-val-ev'skez) [Pavel Ivano- 
vich Kovalevski, Russian anatomist, born 1845]. 
See canal. 
Kowarsky's test (ko-var'skez) [A. Kowarsky, 
physician in Berlin]. See test. 
Koyter's muscle (koi'terz) [Volcherus Koyter, 
Dutch anatomist, 1534-1600]. The corrugator 
supercilii. 
Kr. The chemic symbol of krypton. 
Krameria (krah-me're-ah) [after J. G. H. Kramer). 
A genus of polygaleaceous shrubs and herbs. 
The root of K. tomento'sa and K. trian'dra, or 
ratany, is astringent, like tannic acid: used in 
diarrhea, hemorrhages, and locally in leukorrhea, 
fissure of the anus, fissured nipples, etc. Dose 
of extract, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.); of. fluid- 
extract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of syrup, j- 
4 fl.dr. (2-16 c.c.); of tincture, 5-60 min. (0.333- 
4 c.c.). 
Kraske's operation (kras'kez) [Paul Kraske, Ger- 
man surgeon, born 1851]. See operation. 
krauomania (kraw-o-ma'ne-ah). A tic marked by 
KRAUOMANIA KRAUROSIS 
583 
KUPRESSOFF'S CENTER 
rhythmic movements, such as balancing, head 
rotation, etc. 
kraurosis (kraw-ro'sis) [Gr. Kpavpos dry]. A dry, 
shriveled condition of a part, especially of the 
vulva (Breisky, 1885). 
Krause's bundle, corpuscles, membrane 
(krow'zehz) [Wilhelm Krause, German anatomist, 
1833-1910]. See bundle, corpuscle, and membrane. . 
Krause's gland, ligament, valve (krow'zehz) 
[Karl Friedrich Theodor Krause, German anato- 
mist, 1797-1868]. See gland, ligament, and valve. 
Krause's operation (krow'zehz) [Fedor Krause, 
German surgeon, born 1857]. See operation. 
kreat (kre'at). The plant Androgra'phis panicu- 
la'ta of Asia: a bitter tonic and febrifuge. 
kreatin, kresol, etc. See creatin, cresol, etc. 
krebisote (kre'bis-6t). A combination of creosote 
and bismuth: used like iodoform and internally in 
dysentery. Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
krelos (kre'los).- A proprietary antiseptic and ger- 
micide, consisting of a solution of cresols and rosin 
soap. 
kreosal (kre'o-sal). A brown powder, the tannic 
acid ester of creosote: used in diseases of the 
throat, nose, and larynx. 
kreosolid (kre-o-sol'id)., A triturate of creosote 
and magnesia in equal parts, for internal use. 
Dose, 2-8 gr. (0.125-0.5 gm.). 
kreosotal, kreosote, etc. See creosotal, creosote, 
etc. k. kefir, a preparation of creosotal and 
kefir in a series of different strengths. 
kreotoxicon (kre-o-tok'sik-on). The substance in 
poisonous meat that produces the toxic symp- 
toms. 
kreotoxin (kre-o-tok'sin). Any basic poison 
generated in a flesh-food by a plant micro- 
organism. 
kreotoxism (kre-o-tok'sizm) [Gr. upeas meat + 
to^lkov poison]. Poisoning by meat. 
kreozonol (kre-o-zo'nol). A proprietary ozonized 
preparation of oil of tar. 
kresamin (kres-am'in). A yellowish, alkaline 
liquor, containing 25 per cent, each of trikresol 
and ethylendiamin: used as an antiseptic and in 
skin diseases in 0.1-1 per cent, solution or 1-5 
per cent, ointment. 
kresapol (kres'ap-ol). An antiseptic solution of 
cresol in potassium soap. 
kresatin (kre'sat-in). Metacresyl acetate, an oily 
liquid used in diseases of the nose, throat, and ear. 
kresin (kres'in). A brownish solution of cres- 
ylic acid and sodium oxyacetate: disinfectant. 
kreso (kre'so). A coal-tar product containing cre- 
sols and phenols: used as a disinfectant and 
sterilizer for instruments, etc. 
kresofuchsin (kres-o-fuk'sin). A blue-gray powder 
used as a stain in histology. Its aqueous solution 
is red, the alcoholic solution blue. 
kresol (kres'ol). Same as cresol. 
kresosteril (kre-so-ster'il). Metacresolortho- 
oxalic acid ester, used as a disinfectant. 
Kreysig's sign (kri'zigz) [Friedrich Ludwig 
Kreysig, physician in Dresden, 1770-1839]. See 
sign. 
krinin (krin'in). See crinin. 
krinosin (kri'no-sin). An amino-lipin, C38H79NO5, 
obtained from brain substance. 
Krishaber's disease (kres-ab-airz') [Maurice 
Krishaber, Hungarian physician in France, 1836- 
1883]. See under disease. 
kristallin (kris'ta-lin). A proprietary lining var- 
nish for tooth cavities, consisting of a solution of 
trinitrocellulose in anhydrous amyl acetate. 
Kristeller method or technic (kris'tel-er). See 
under method. 
Kromayer's lamp (kro'mi-erz) [Ernst Kromayer, 
German dermatologist]. See lamp. 
Krompecher's tumor (krom'pek-erz) [Edmund 
Krompecher, pathologist in Budapest, born 1870]. 
Rodent ulcer. 
kromskop (krom'skop) [Gr. xp&ua color + vKOTrelv 
to view]. An apparatus used for the color pho- 
tography of pathologic specimens. 
Kronecker's center, serum, etc. (kro'nek-erz) 
[Hugo Kronecker, Swiss pathologist, 1839-1914]. 
See center, serum, etc. 
kronethyl (kron'eth-il). An ethereal fluidextract 
of Chinese cantharides: used externally for re- 
lieving gouty and neuralgic pains. 
Kronig's area, field, isthmus, steps (kra'nigz) 
[Georg Kronig, physician in Berlin, 1859-1911]. 
See area, field, isthmus, and steps. 
Kronig's method (kra'nigz) [Bernhard Kronig, 
German gynecologist, born 1863]. See method. 
Kronlein's hernia, operation (kran'linz) [Ru- 
dolf Ulrich Kronlein, surgeon in Zurich, 1847- 
1910]. See hernia, operation. 
Krukenberg's tumor (kroo'ken-bergz) [Fried- 
rich Ernst Krukenberg, German gynecologist, born 
1871]. See tumor. 
Kruse's brush (kroo'sez) [Walther Kruse, German 
bacteriologist, born 1864]. See brush. 
krymotherapy (kri-mo-ther'ap-e). See crymo- 
ther apy. 
kryofin (kri'o-fin). A substance in white crystals 
derived from paraphenetidin and methyl-glyco- 
lic acid, C2H5O.C6H4.NH.CO.CH2.OCH3, anti- 
pyretic and antineuralgic. Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 
gm.). ' . 
kryogenin (kri-oj'en-in). See cryogenin. 
kryoscopy. See cryoscopy. 
kryptomnesic (krip-tom-ne'sik) [Gr. upvirrbs hid- 
den 4- pvaaOai. to remember]. Hidden in the 
memory; subconscious. 
krypton (krip'ton) [Gr. upvirros hidden]. An inert 
gaseous chemic element found in the atmosphere; 
atomic weight, 82.9; symbol, Kr. . 
krysolgan (kri-sol'gan). A proprietary gold prepara- 
tion for use in tuberculosis. 
KSC. Abbreviation for kathodal closing contraction. 
K2SO4. Potassium sulphate. 
KST. Abbreviation for kathodal closing tetanus. 
kuatsu (koo-at'soo). The Japanese method of 
reviving patients rendered unconscious. 
K. U. B. Abbreviation for kidney, ureter, and 
bladder. 
kubisagari, kubisgari (koo-bis-ag-ah're, koo-bis- 
gah're). A form of paralytic vertigo endemic in 
Japan (Gerlier-Nakano, 1884). 
Kuhn's mask (koonz) [Ernst Kuhn, Prussian 
physician, born 1873]. See under mask. 
Kuhne's method of staining (ke'nez) [Willy 
Kiihne, German histologist, 1837-1900]. See 
stains, table of. 
Kuhne's methylene-blue (ke'nez) [Heinrich 
Kuhne, German histologist]. See methylene-blue. 
Kuhnt's operation (koont) [Hermann Kuhnt, 
German oculist, born 1850] See operation. 
Kulz's cylinders, test (kelts) [Rudolph Eduard 
Kulz, German physician, 1845-1895]. See cylin- 
der and test. 
Kummel's disease (kim'elz) [Hermann Kummel, 
surgeon in Hamburg, born 1852]. See under dis- 
ease. 
kumyss (koo'mis). See koumiss. 
kuorin (ku-o'rin). A proprietary preparation used 
in a 3 per cent, solution as a serum reagent in test- 
ing for syphilis and leprosy. 
Kupffer's cells (koop'ferz) [Karl Wilhelm Kupf- 
fer, anatomist in Munich, 1829-1902]. See cell. 
kupramite (ku'pram-It). A gas mask absorbent 
for ammonia fumes. 
Kupressoff's center (koo-pres'ofs) [J. Kupressoff, KURCHEIN 
584 
LABIOGRAPH 
Russian physician of the nineteenth century]. See 
center. 
kurchein (koor-tshe'in). An alkaloid, the active 
principle of kurchi. 
kurchi (koor-tshi') [E. Ind.]. The root-bark of 
Holarrhe'na antidysenter'ica of Asia: an astrin- 
gent febrifuge and antidysenteric. 
kurhaus (koor'hows) [Ger. Kur cure 4- Haus 
house]. A house designed for the convenience of 
patients at mineral springs. 
Kurloff's bodies (koor'lowfs) [Mikhail Georgiye- 
vitch Kurloff, Russian physician, born 1859]. See 
under body. 
Kuss' experiment (kes) [Emil Kuss, German 
physiologist, 1815-1871]. See experiment. 
Kussmaul's disease, etc. (kus'mowlz) [Adolf 
Kussmaul, German physician, 1822-1902]. See 
disease. 
Kiister's operation (kis'terz) [Ernst Georg Ferdi- 
nand Kuster, German surgeon, born 1839]. See 
operation. 
Kiistner's sign (kist'nerz) [Otto Ernst Kiistner, 
gynecologist in Breslau, born 1850]. See under 
sign. 
kuttarosome (kut-ar'o-som) [Gr. Kvrrapos a cavity 
+ awpa body], A structure at the neck of a 
retinal cone composed of a series of parallel 
bars. 
K.W. Abbreviation for kilowatt. 
kyanophane (ki'an-o-fan) [Gr. Kvavos blue 4- <pai- 
veiv to appear]. A supposed bluish pigment from 
the oil-globules of the retinal cones. 
kyanopsia (ki-an-op'se-ah). See cyanopsia. 
kyestein (ki-es'te-in) [Gr. kv^ois conception]. A 
film sometimes seen on stale urine, formerly be- 
lieved to be a sign of pregnancy. 
kyllosis (kil-o'sis) [Gr. KfiXXwais]. Club-foot or 
other like deformity of the foot or feet. 
kymatism Qci'mat-izm) [Gr. Kapa. wave]. Same as 
myokymia. 
kymogram (ki'mo-gram). The curve made by a 
kymograph. 
kymograph (ki'mo-graf) [Gr. Kvpa wave 4- ypa- 
<peiv to record]. Ari instrument for recording vari- 
ations or undulations, arterial or other (Carl 
Ludwig, 1847). 
kymographion (ki-mo-gra'fe-on). One form of 
kymograph. 
kymoscope (ki'mo-skbp) [Gr. Kvpa wave + vKoireiv 
to observe]. A device for observing the blood- 
current. 
kynocephalus, cynocephalus (ki-no-sef'al-us, si- 
no-sef'al-us) [Gr. ubwv dog + Ke<paXq head). A 
fetal monster with a head like that of a dog. 
kynophobia (ki-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. kvuv dog + 
<pb^os fear]. Morbid fear of dogs or of hydro- 
phobia. 
kynurin (ki-nu'rin) [Gr. kvwv dog + ovpov urine]. 
A crystalline substance, C18HUN2O2, obtainable 
from cynurenic acid and other sources. 
kyphos (ki'fos) [Gr. kv<p6s humpbacked]. The hump 
of the spine in kyphosis. 
kyphoscoliosis (ki"fo-sko-le-o'sis) [kyphosis 4- 
scoliosis]. Backward and lateral curvation of 
the spinal column. 
kyphosis (ki-fo'sis) [Gr. Kv^wais], Humpback; 
abnormal curvature and dorsal prominence of 
the vertebral column. 
kyphotic (ki-fot'ik). Affected with or pertaining 
to kyphosis. 
kyphotone (ki'fo-ton) [Gr. Kv<pos crookedness 4- 
tovos brace]. An apparatus for reducing deform- 
ity in Pott's disease. 
kyrin (ki'rin). A basic tripeptid obtained by Sieg- 
freid by the partial hydrolysis of proteins. 
kysthitis (kis-thi'tis) [Gr. Kvados vagina + -iris 
inflammation]. Vaginitis; colpitis. 
kysthoptosis (kis-thop-to'sis) [Gr. kwtOos vagina 
+ irrcbais falling]. Prolapse of the vagina. 
kyto-. For words beginning thus, see those be- 
ginning cyto-. 
L 
L. 1. An abbreviation for Latin, left, lithium, light- 
sense, libra (pound, balance), liter, length, and co- 
efficient of induction. 2. Ehrlich's symbol for lethal 
(deadly, fatal). 
Lo. Ehrlich's symbol for a toxin-antitoxin mixture 
yhich is completely neutralized and therefore will 
not kill an animal. 
L+. Ehrlich's symbol for a toxin-antitoxin mixture 
which contains one fatal dose in excess and which 
will kill the experimental animal. 
La. Symbol for lanthanum. 
1-. A prefix which signifies levo-. 
lab, lab-ferment [Ger. Lab rennet]. The ferment of 
rennet, causing coagulation of milk. 1. -secretion, 
secretion of lab-zymogen or lab-ferment by stom- 
ach. 1.-zymogen, a proenzyme in the stomach 
transformed into lab-ferment by acids of gastric 
juice. 
Labarraque's solution (lab-ar-aks') [Antoine 
Germain Labarraque, French chemist, 1777-1850]. 
See solution. 
Labbe's triangle, veins (lab-az') [Leon Labbe, 
French surgeon, 1832-1916]. See triangle and 
Veins, Table of. 
labdanum (lab'da-num) [L.]. Same as ladanum. 
labia (la'be-ah) [L.]. The plural of la'bium, lip. 
labial (la'be-al) [L. labia'Us]. Pertaining to a 
lip, or labium. 
labialism (la'be-al-izm). Defective speech, with 
use of labial sounds. 
labially (la'be-al-e). Toward the lips. 
labichorea (la"be-ko-re'ah). Same as labiochorea. 
labidometer (lab-id-om'et-er) [Gr. forceps 
+ perpov measure]. A forceps-like instrument 
for measuring the fetal head in the forceps. 
Called also labimeter. 
labile (la'bil) [L. la'bi to glide]. i. Gliding; 
moving from point to point over the surface. 2. 
Chemically unstable. 
lability (lab-il'it-e). Chemic instability. 
labimeter (la-bim'e-ter). See labidometer. 
labiocervical (la"be-o-ser'vik-al). Pertaining to 
the labial surface of the neck of a tooth. 
labiochorea (la"be-o-ko-re'ah) [L. la'bium lip + 
chorea]. A choreic stiffening of the bps in speech, 
with stammering. 
labiodental (la"be-o-den'tal). Pertaining to the 
labial surface of a tooth. 
labioglossolarjmgeal (la"be-o-glos"o-lah-rin'je- 
al) [L. la'bium lip + Gr. yXwaaa tongue + larynx]. 
Pertaining to the lips, tongue, and larynx. 
labioglossopharyngeal (la"be-o-glos"o-far-in'- 
je-al). Pertaining to the lips, tongue, and 
pharynx. See paralysis. 
labiograph (la'be-o-graf) [L. la'bium lip + Gr. 
ypa.q>eLv to write]. An instrument for recording 
the motions of the lips in speaking. LABIOMENTAL 
585 
LACTACIDIN 
labiomental (la"be-o-men'tal). Pertaining to 
the lip and chin. 
labiomycosis (la"be-o-mi-ko'sis) [L. la'bium lip 
+ Gr. pvKys fungus]. Any disease of the lips due 
to a fungus, such as perleche and thrush. 
labionasal (la"be-o-na'zal). Pertaining to the 
lip and nose. 
lab iopalatine (la"be-o-pal'at-in). Pertaining to 
the lip and palate. 
labioplasty (la'be-o-plas-te) [L. la'bium lip + 
Gr. Tr\a.aaei.v to mold]. Same as cheiloplasty. 
labiotenaculum (la"be-o-ten-ak'u-lum) [L. la'- 
bium lip + tenaculum}. An instrument for holding 
the lip. 
labioversion (la"be-o-ver'shun). The state of being 
displaced labially from the fine of occlusion: said 
of a tooth. 
labitome (lab'it-6m) [Gr. XaBls forceps + repveiv 
to cut]. A cutting forceps. 
labium (la'be-um), pl. la'bia [L.]. A lip or lip- 
shaped organ. 1. ante'rius, the anterior lip of 
the external opening of the uterus. 1. cer'ebri, 
the margin of the cerebral hemisphere that overlaps 
the callosum. 1. infe'rius, the lower lip. 1. ma'- 
jus (pl., la'bia majo'ra), the hairy fold of the skin on 
either side of the slit of the vulva. 1. mi'nus (pl. 
la'bia mino'ra), the fold of mucous membrane within 
the labia majora; the nympha. la'bia oTis [B N 
A], the lips. 1. poste'rius, the posterior lip of the 
external opening of the uterus. 1. supe'rius, the 
upper lip. 1. tympan'icum [B N A], the lower 
border of the sulcus spiralis. 1. ure'thrae, either 
lateral margin of the external urinary meatus. 
1. u'teri, the thickened margin of the external os 
uteri. 1. vestibula're [B N A], the upper part of 
the sulcus spiralis. 1. voca'le ]B N A], a projec- 
tion at either side of the rima glottidis, the free edge 
of which forms the true vocal cord. 
labor (la'bor) [L. "work"]. Childbirth; the bring- 
ing forth of a child, artificial 1., that which 
is facilitated or induced by mechanic or other 
extraneous means, atonic 1., that which is pro- 
tracted by atony of the uterus, complicated L, 
that in which there occurs a hemorrhage, eclamp- 
sia, or some other untoward event, dry 1., one 
in which the liquor amnii escapes too soon, false 
1., one in which no progress toward deliv- 
ery is made, induced 1., labor brought on by 
artificial means, instrumental 1., that which is 
facilitated by the use of instruments, metastatic 
1., labor in which the contractions occur in some 
part other than the uterus, missed L, retention 
of the dead fetus in utero beyond the period of 
normal'gestation, multiple 1., labor with two 
or more fetuses present, obstructed 1., that 
in which there is some mechanic hindrance, as 
from a tumor or a contracted parturient canal, 
perverse L, that in which the child occupies an 
abnormal position, postponed L, that which 
takes place later than the normal limit, power- 
less 1., that in which there is atony of the uterus, 
precipitate 1., that which is accomplished with 
undue celerity, premature 1., labor taking place 
before the normal period, protracted 1., one 
which is prolonged beyond the ordinary limit, 
spontaneous L, one that requires no artificial 
aid. tedious 1., parturition that is abnormally 
protracted, twin 1., tedious labor due to the 
presence of two fetuses. 
laboratorian (lab''or-at-o're-an). A person who 
devotes himself to laboratory work, as distinguished 
from a clinician. 
laboratory (lab'or-at-o-re) [L. labor ato'rium}. A 
place fitted up for experimental work. 
Laborde's forceps (lab-ordz') [Jean Baptiste 
Vincent Laborde, French physician, 1830-1903]. 
See forceps. 
labordin (lab'or-din). Same as analgen. 
labrocyte (lab'ro-sit) [Gr. Xa^pos greedy + kvtos 
cell]. A mast-cell. 
labrum (la'brum) [L.]. Brim, lip. 1. glenoi- 
da'le [B N A], the glenoid ligament of the shoulder, 
labyrinth (lab'ir-inth) [Gr. \a8vpivdos\. i. Any 
system of intercommunicating cavities or canals. 
2. The internal ear, made up of the cochlea, ves- 
tibule, and canals. See ear. bony 1., the bony 
part of the internal ear. Called also osseous I. 
cortical 1., a network of tubules and blood-ves- 
sels m the cortex of the kidney. 1. of the eth- 
moid, either lateral mass of the ethmoid bone. 
Ludwig's l's, spaces between Bertin's columns 
and the cortical arches, membranous 1., the 
membranous contents of the osseous labyrinth, 
olfactory 1. Same as I. of the ethmoid, osseous 
1. See bony I. 
labyrinthine (lab-ir-in'thin) [L. labyrinth? nus\. 
Pertaining to a labyrinth. 
labyrinthitis (lab"ir-in-thi'tis). Inflammation of 
the labyrinth; otitis interna. 
labyrinthus (lab-ir-in'thus). Labyrinth. 
lac (lak) [L., gen. lac'tis}. i. Milk. 2. Any milk- 
like medicinal preparation. 3. A substance col- 
lected from various tropical trees, caused by an 
insect, Coccus lac'tis. 1. cani'num, dog's milk, 
and its homeopathic preparation. 1. deflora'- 
tum, skimmed milk: recommended as a remedy 
in diabetes and anemia. 1. fermen'tum, fer- 
mented milk, or koumiss. 1. humaniza'tum, 
humanized milk. 1. sulphu'ris. See sul'phur 
prceci pita'turn. 1. vacci'num, cow's milk. 
1. virgina'le, virgin's milk: a strained liquor 
of litharge; an ancient remedial wash, variously 
prepared, but now entirely obsolete. 
lac-bismo (lak-biz'mo). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of bismuth hydroxid and subcarbonate. Dose, 
1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c). 
laccase (lak'as). An oxidizing ferment which 
causes the formation of Japanese lacquer. Laccase 
is found in many plants, as the beet, turnip, apple, 
pear, clover, etc., and has the property of oxidizing 
many polyatomic phenols. 
lacerable (las'er-ab-1). Liable to become lacer- 
ated. 
lacerated (las'er-a-ted) [L. lacera're to tear]. 
Torn; of the nature of a rent. 
laceration (las-er-a'shun) [L. lacera'tio}. 1. The 
act of tearing. 2. A wound made by tearing. 
lacertofulvin (la-ser-to-ful'vin) [L. lacer'tus lizard 
+ ful'vus yellow], A yellow coloring-matter from 
the skin of certain reptiles. 
lacertus fibro'sus (las-er'tus) [L. "fibrous arm"]. 
[B N A] An aponeurotic band from the tendon of 
the biceps to the forearm; the bicipital fascia. 
lachesis (lak'es-is) [L.; Gr. Xaxeais fate]. A 
homeopathic preparation of the venom of Lach'- 
esis mu'tus, a South American serpent. 
lachry-. For words beginning thus, see those 
beginning lacri-. 
lacinia (las-in'e-ah) [L. "fringe"]. Same fimbria. 
lacmoid (lak'moid). A deep-blue dye, formed when 
resorcinol is heated with sodium nitrite. It is used 
as an indicator and has a Ph range of 4.4 to 6.2. 
lacmus (lak'mus) [Ger. Lackmus}. Litmus. 
lacrimal (lak'rim-al) [L. lacrima'lis; lac'rima 
tear]. Pertaining to the tears. 
lacrimation (lak-rim-a'shun) [L. lacrima'lid}. The 
secretion and discharge of tears. 
lacrimotome (lak'rim-o-tbm) [L. lac'rima tear + 
Gr. to pi) a cut], A knife for operating upon the 
lacrimal sac or lacrimal duct. 
lacrimotomy (lak-rim-ot'o-me) [L. lac'rima tear 
+ Gr. repveiv to cut]. Incision of the lacrimal 
sac or duct. 
lactacidase (lak-tas'id-as). An enzyme of lactic 
acid bacteria which produces lactic acid fermenta- 
tion. 
lactacidin (lak-tas'id-in). A food preservative 
composed of lactic and salicylic acids. LACTACIDOGEN 
586 
LACTOPICRIN 
lactacidogen (lak-tas-id'o-jen). The hypothetical 
precursor or mother substance of lactic acid. 
lactaciduria (lak-tas-id-u're-ah) [lactic acid + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of lactic acid in the 
urine. 
lactagogue (lak'tag-og) [L. lac milk + Gr. ayuybs 
leading]. See galactagogue. 
lactagol (lak'tag-ol). A galactagogue extract of 
cotton-seed oil. 
lactalase (lak'tal-as). A ferment which converts 
dextrose into lactic acid. 
lactalbumin (lak-tal-bu'min). An albumin found 
in milk and resembling serum-albumin. 
lactam (lak'tam). A cyclic amid formed from 
aminocarboxylic acids by the elimination of water. 
They are isomeric with lactims, which are enol 
forms of lactams. 
-C : O -C-OH 
I II 
-NH -N 
lactam lactim 
lactamid (lak-tam'id). The amid of lactic acid, 
CH3CHOH.CONH2. 
lactamin (lak-tam'in). Alanin. 
lactampule (lak-tam'pul). A pure culture of 
Bacillus bulgaricus in ampules. 
lactase (lak'tas). An intestinal enzyme that splits 
lactose into glucose and galactose. 
lactate dak'tat). Any salt of lactic acid. 
lactation (lak-ta'shun) [L. lacta'tio, from lacta're 
to suckle]. 1. The secretion of milk. 2. The 
period of the secretion of milk. 3. Suckling. 
lactational (lak-ta'shun-al). Pertaining to lac- 
tation. 
lacteal (lak'te-al) [L. lac'teus milky]. 1. Per- 
taining to milk. 2. Any one of the intestinal 
lymphatics that take up chyle. 
lactein (lak'te-in). Same as lactolin. 
lacteol (lak'te-ol). A proprietary culture of lactic 
acid bacilli in tablet form. 
lactescence (lak-tes'ens) [L. lactes'cere to become 
milky] Resemblance to milk; milkiness. 
lactic-acid fermentation, etc. (lak'tik-). See 
acid, fermentation, etc. 
lactiferous (lak-tif'er-us) [L. lac milk + fefre to 
bear]. Producing or conveying milk. 
lactification (lak-tif-ik-a'shun). The production 
of lactic acid by the lactic-acid bacteria. 
lactifuge (lak'tif-uj) [L. lac milk + fuga're to 
expel]. 1. Checking or stopping the secretion 
of milk. 2. An agent that checks the secretion 
of milk. 
lactigenous (lak-tij'en-us) [L. lac milk + Gr. 
yevvav to produce]. Producing or secreting milk, 
lactigerous (lak-tij'er-us) [L. lac milk + ger" ere 
to carry]. Same as lactiferous. 
lactim (lak'tim). See under lactam. 
lactimorbus (lak-tim-or'bus) [lac milk + mor'bus 
disease]. Milk-sickness. 
lactin (lak'tin). Lactose, or sugar of milk. 
lactinated (lak'tin-a-ted). Prepared with sugar 
of milk. 
lactivorous (lak-tiv'or-us) [L. lac milk + ■vora're 
to devour]. Feeding or subsisting upon milk. 
lactobacillin (lak-to-bas-il'in). A preparation of 
lactic-acid bacteria to be added to milk to cause 
lactic-acid fermentation: used internally to coun- 
teract intestinal fermentation. 
Lactobacillus (lak-to-bas-il'us) [L. lac milk + 
bacillus], A genus of bacterial organisms. They 
are Gram-positive, non-motile rods that ferment 
carbohydrates with the production of acid (us- 
ually lactic acid) and often gas (mostly carbon 
dioxid and hydrogen). L. acidophil-aero'- 
genes, an anaerobic organism closely resembling 
L. acidophilus except that it ferments many car- 
bohydrates. L. acidophilus, an anaerobic, 
Gram-positive organism found in the normal yellow 
stool of the infant. It produces acid in milk and 
will live and grow in a higher hydrogen-ion con- 
centration than most other bacteria. L. bifi'dus, 
a strictly anaerobic, non-pathogenic organism 
found in the stools of normal infants. It is rather 
polymorphic and at times shows terminal bifurca- 
tion. L. bulgar'icus, a rod-shaped organism 
found in Bulgarian yahourth. It ferments milk 
and produces a high degree of acidity. Such milk 
is drunk in the hope that the acid production will 
lessen the growth of putrefactive organisms in the 
intestines. Called also Bacillus bulgaricus. B.. 
gastrophilus, b. of Massol, Boaz-Oppler bacillus, 
and filamentary bacillus. L. caucas'icus, a 
sporogenic species found in Kefir grains. L. 
odontolyt'icus, a species credited with being 
one of the agents in decay of teeth. 
lactobutyrometer (lak"to-bu-tir-om'et-er). An 
instrument for measuring the proportion of cream 
in milk. 
lactocele (lak'to-sel). Same as galactocde. 
lactochrome (lak'to-krom) [L. lac milk + Gr. 
Xpw/ua color]. An alkaloid of milk, C6H18NO3. 
lactocin (lak'to-sin). A hypnotic preparation said 
to be prepared from the juice of Lactu'ca viro'sa. 
lactoconium, lactokonium (lak-to-ko'ne-um) 
[L. lac milk + Gr. kopls dust]. One of the smal- 
particles, of unknown nature, seen with the ultral 
microscope in the milk of animals. 
lactocrit (lak'to-krit) [L. lac milk + Gr. kpittjs 
judge]. An instrument for estimating the amount 
of fat in milk. 
lactodensimeter (lak"to-den-sim'et-er). An in- 
strument for ascertaining the specific gravity of 
milk. 
lactoform (lak'to-form). A preparation of milk 
and formaldehyd used in rheumatism. 
lactoglobulin (lak-to-glob'u-lin). The globulin 
of milk. 
lactojod (lak-to-i'od). See projodin. 
lactol (lak'tol). i. A colorless, tasteless powder, 
Cl0H?O.OC.CH(OH)CH3; a lactic-acid ester of 
beta-naphthol: an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 3}- 
8 gr. (0.25-0.5 gm.). 2. Actol lactate: a silver 
preparation used in gonorrhea. 
lactola (lak-to'lah). A food preparation of skimmed 
milk and cotton-seed oil. 
lactolase (lak'to-las). A vegetable enzyme which 
causes the formation of lactic acid. 
lactolin (lak'to-lin). Condensed milk. 
lactometer (lak-tom'et-er) [L. lac milk + me'trum 
measure]. An instrument for ascertaining the 
specific gravity of milk. 
lactonaphthol (lak-to-naf'thol). Same as lactol. 
lactone (lak'ton). 1. An aromatic fluid, C10H8O4, 
prepared by distillation from lactic acid. 2. Tab- 
lets containing lactic-acid bacteria: used in pre- 
paring buttermilk. 
lactopeptin (lak-to-pep'tin). A proprietary diges- 
tant remedy of milk-sugar, 120 parts; pancreatin, 
18 parts; peptone, 24 parts; lactic acid, 2 parts; 
hydrochloric acid, 2 parts; and diastase, i| parts. 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.). 
lactophenin (lak-to-fe'nin). A patented bitter, 
crystalline powder derived from phenetidin and 
lactic acid. Its formula is CeHifOCaHsj.NH.- 
CO.CH(OH)CH3. It is soluble in 500 parts of 
cold and in 55 parts of boiling water, and it is 
used as a sedative and antipyretic. Dose, 8-15 
gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
lactophosphate (lak-to-fos'fat) [L. lac milk + 
phos'phas phosphate]. Any salt of lactic and 
phosphoric acids. 
lactopicrin (lak-to-pik'rin). A bitter substance, 
one of the active principles of Lactu'ca canaden'sis. LACTOPROTEIN 
587 
LAMARCK'S THEORY 
lactoprotein, lactoproteid (lak-to-pro'te-in, 
lak-to-pro'te-id). Any one of the proteins of milk. 
lactorrhea (lak-to-re'ah). Galactorrhea. 
lactoscope (lak'to-skop) [L. lac milk + Gr. GKoireiv 
to inspect]. A device showing the proportion of 
cream in milk. 
lactose (lak'tos) [L. sadcharum lacftis]. Milk- 
sugar, CJ2H22O11 -|- H2O, a white, crystalline disac- 
charid found in milk. It is soluble in water, and is 
used mainly as a vehicle for medicines. 
lactoserum (lak-to-se'rum). The serum of an ani- 
mal into which has been injected milk from an- 
other animal. This serum precipitates milk from 
an animal of the same species as that from which 
the milk was taken. 
lactosomatose (lak-to-so'mat-6s). A patented 
food-preparation of the albumoses of milk with 
5 per cent, of combined tannin. 
lactosuria (lak-to-su're-ah) [lactose + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. A condition characterized by the occur- 
rence of lactose in the urine. 
lactotoxin (lak-to-toks'in). A ptomain found in 
milk. 
Lactuca (lak-tu'kah) [L.]. 1. A genus of compos- 
ite-flowered plants, including L. sati'va, common 
lettuce, and L. viro'sa, the principal source of lac- 
tucarium. 2. The herb, L. viro'sa, of Europe: a 
mild hypnotic and sedative. Dose of extract, 
5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.); of fluidextract, 4-16 
min. (0.25-1 c.c.). L. canaden'sis, a wild lettuce 
of North America, has similar uses. Dose of ex- 
tract, 4-12 gr. (0.25-0.78 gm.); of fluidextract, 
4-16 min. (0.25-1 c.c.). 
lactucarium (lak-tu-ka're-um) [L.]. The bitter 
inspissated juice of various species of Lactu'ca, 
chiefly L. viro'sa. It is a mild hypnotic and seda- 
tive. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.); of tincture, 
10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.); of fluidextract, 8-30 min. 
(0.5-2 c.c.); of syrup, 1-3 fl.dr. (4-12 c.c.). 
lactucerin (lak-tu'se-rin) [L. lactu'ca lettuce + 
cetra wax]. A waxy, crystallizable principle found 
in lactucarium. 
lactucin (lak-tu'sin). A bitter principle, CnH12- 
O3, from lactucarium: sedative. Dose, 1-5 gr. 
(0.066-0.333 gm.). 
lactucism (lak'tu-sizm). Poisoning by lactuca. 
lactulum unguis (lak'tu-lum un'gwis). The nail 
matrix. 
lactupicrin (lak-tu-pik'rin). A bitter acid prin- 
ciple, C44H32O2i, from lactucarium. 
lactyltropein (lak-til-tro'pe-in). A remedy in 
white needles,. CSH14NO.CO.CH.(OH)CH3, de- 
rived from tropein and lactic acid: a stimulant of 
the heart and respiration. 
lacuna (lak-u'nah), pl. lacu'nce [L.]. A small pit, 
hollow, or depression, absorption 1., How- 
ship's 1., small depressions of bone under the 
periosteum, air-1., cavities filled with air, as in 
the hairs. 1. cer'ebri, the cerebral infundibulum, 
intervillous 1., any one of the blood-spaces of 
the placenta in which the fetal villi are found. 
1. latera'lis. Same as parasinoidal sinus. See 
sinus. 1. mag'na, the largest of the orifices of the 
glands of Littre. Morgagni ' s 1., the lacuna of the 
urethra. 1. musculo rum [B N A], the com- 
partment beneath Poupart's ligament for the pas- 
sage of the iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve, sepa- 
rated from the lacuna vasorum by the iliopectineal 
ligament, parasinoidal 1., parasinoidal sinus. 
See under sinus. 1. pharyn'gis, a depression at 
the pharyngeal end of each eustachian tube. 1. of 
the urethra, depressions or follicles in the mucous 
membrane of the urethra, especially numerous in 
the region of the bulb. 1. vaso'rum [B N A], a 
compartment separated from the lacuna mus- 
culorum by the iliopectineal ligament for the 
passage of the femoral'vessels. 
lacunar (lak-u'nar). Pertaining to or containing 
lacunae; of the nature of a lacuna. 
lacunule (lak-u'nul) [L. lacu'nula]. A small lacuna. 
lacus lacrima'lis (la'kus) [L. "lake of tears"]. 
[B N A] The triangular space that separates the 
two eyelids at the inner canthus. 
ladanum (lad'an-um) [L.; Gr. XySavov]. A resin 
from various species of Cis'tus: little used as a 
medicine in civilized countries. 
Ladendorff's test (lah'den-dorfs) [August Laden- 
dorff, German physician of the nineteenth century]. 
See under tests. 
Lady Webster's pills. See pill. 
lady's-slipper (la'dez-). See Cypripedium. 
Ise-. For words thus beginning, see le-. 
Laennec's cirrhosis (len-eks') [Rene Theophile 
Hyacinthe Laennec, French physician, 1781-1826]. 
See cirrhosis. 
186VO-. For words beginning thus, see those begin- 
ning levo-. 
Lafayette's mixture (lah-fa-ets'). See mixture. 
Lag. Abbreviation for L. lage'na, a flask. 
lagena (laj-e'nah) [L. "flask"]. A part of the upper 
extremity of the scala media. 
lagging (lag'ing). Decreased or retarded movement 
of the affected side of the chest in phthisis. 
lagophthalmos, lagophthalmus (lag-of-thal'- 
mos, -mus) [Gr. Xa7«s hare + bipdaXpbs eye]. A 
condition in which the eye cannot be completely 
closed. 
Lagrange's operation (lag-rahnzhs') [Felix La- 
grange, contemporary French surgeon]. See oper- 
ation. 
la grippe (lah grip'). See influenza. 
Lahore sore (la-hoF). See furunculus orientalis. 
laibose (la'ib-6s). A concentrated food prepara- 
tion composed of the solids of pure milk and the 
digestible portion of whole wheat. 
laifan (li-fan'). A Chinese neuralgia remedy: said 
to be crude Blumea camphor. 
laiose (li'os). Leo's sugar; a pale-yellow syrup, 
C6H12O3, found in the urine in diabetes mellitus. 
It is non-fermentable and levorotatory. 
laira (la'rah) ["barking"]. An epidemic of hys- 
terical barking in women, which broke out at 
Arnon, France, in 1613, and at Blackthorn (Ox- 
fordshire) in 1700. 
lakcit (lak'sit). A dried preparation of humanized 
citrated milk for infant-feeding. 
laking (la'king). The separation of hemoglobin 
from the red blood-corpuscles. 
laky (la'ke). Resembling a pigment of the class 
known as lakes: used of blood in which the red 
corpuscles have been partially destroyed. 
Lallemand's bodies (lal-mahz') [Claude Francois 
Lallemand, French surgeon, 1790-1853]. See 
under body. 
lalling, lallation (lal'ing, lal-a'shun) [L. lalla'- 
tio]. A babbling, infantile form of speech. 
lalognosis (la-log-no'sis) [Gr. XaXeo' to babble + 
yvwais knowledge]. The understanding of speech. 
laloneurosis (la"lo-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. XaXeiv to babble 
+ neurosis]. Any nervous speech disorder. 
lalopathy (la-lop'ath-e) [Gr. XaXeiv to babble + 
ird.0os illness]. Any disorder affecting the speech. 
lalophobia (la-lo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. XaXeiv to babble 
+ <p60os fear]. Morbid or extreme dislike of 
speaking, often associated with stuttering. 
laloplegia (la-lo-ple'je-ah) [Gr. XaXos speech + 
irXTjyi) stroke]. Paralysis of the organs of speech, 
lalorrhea (lal-o-re'ah) [Gr. XaXos speech + pota 
flow]. An abnormal or excessive flow of words. 
Lalouette's pyramids (lal-oo-ets') [Pierre Lal- 
ouette, French physician, 1711-1742]. See under 
pyramid. 
Lamarck's theory (lam-arks') [Jean Baptiste 
Pierre Antoine de Lamarck, French naturalist, 
1744-1829]. See theory. lambda (lam'dah) [Gr. letter A or X]. The point 
at the site of the posterior fontanel where the 
lambdoid and sagittal sutures meet. 
lambdacism, lambdacismus (lam'das-izm, lam- 
das-iz'mus) [Gr. XapSoaKta pbs\. i. The substitu- 
tion of I for r in speaking. 2. Inability to utter 
correctly the sound of I. 
lambdoid (lam'doid) [Gr. Xa^iSSa " 1 " + elbos 
form]. Shaped somewhat like the Greek letter 
A or X. 
Lamblia intestina'lis (lam'ble-ah). See Giardia 
intestinalis. 
lambliasis, lambliosis (lam-bli'as-is, lam-ble-o'- 
sis). Infection with Lamblia intestinalis. 
Lambotte's treatment (lam-bots') [Albin Lam- 
botte, Belgian surgeon, 1856-1912]. See treatment. 
lamella (lam-el'ah), pl. lameVlce [L. dim. of lam'ina]. 
1. A thin leaf or plate, as of bone. 2. A medicated 
disk or wafer, articular 1., the layer of bone 
to which an articular cartilage is attached, con- 
centric 1., the bony plates that surround the 
haversian canals. Havers' 1., concentric layers 
of bone around Havers' canals, intermediate 1., 
the plates which are found between the concentric 
layers of a bone, osseous 1., any one of the thin 
plates into which bone can be divided, perios- 
teal 1., peripheral 1., the layers of bone lying 
next to the periosteum, triangular 1., the layer 
that joins the choroid plexuses of the third ventri- 
cle. vitreous 1., Bruch's membrane; the inner 
layer of the choroid coat of the eye. 
lamellar (lam-el'ar). Disposed in lamellae. 
lamin (la'min). An alkaloid from the flowers of 
La'mium al'bum, or dead-nettle. Its hydro- 
chlorid and sulphate are strongly hemostatic: 
used subcutaneously. 
lamina (lam'in-ah), pl. lam'ince [L.]. 1. A thin, 
flat plate. 2. Either neurapophysis of a vertebra. 
1. affix'a [B N A], a plate in the floor of the pars 
centralis of the lateral ventricle over the superior 
surface of the thalamus. 1. basa'lis [B N A], 
Bruch's membrane. 1. basila'ris [B N A], a 
broad layer on the ventral surface of the neural 
tube. Bowman's 1. Same as Bowman's mem- 
brane. 1. choriocapilla'ris [B N A]. Same as 
entochoroidea. 1. chorioi'dea, the epithelial wall 
of the cerebral ventricle. 1. cine'rea, the layer of 
gray matter between the callosum and the optic 
chiasm. 1. cribro'sa. 1. The fascia that covers 
the saphenous opening. 2. Either one of the two 
perforated spaces at the base of the brain. 3. The 
two plates through which the saccular and cochlear 
branches of the auditory nerve enter the internal 
ear. 4. The sieve-like part of the sclera through 
which fibers of the optic nerve enter the eye. 5. 
[B N A] The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, 
dental 1. Same as dental ridge. See ridge. 
dentate 1. Same as crista spiralis. 1. dentic- 
ula'ta, a cartilaginous layer on the upper outer 
portion of the osseous lamina spiralis. 1. elas'- 
tica ante'rior [B N A] [bowman'i], Bowman's 
membrane. 1. elas'tica poste'rior [B N A] [de- 
mour'si, desceme'ti], Descemet's membrane. 
1. exter'na [BNA], the outer table of the skull. 
1. fibrocartilagin'ea interpu'bica [BNA], 
the cartilaginous layer of the symphysis pubis. 1. 
fus'ca [B N A], the lamina suprachoroidea or 
outer pigmented layer of the choroid coat, lateral 
1., the external pterygoid plate of the sphenoid 
bone. 1. media'lis, the internal pterygoid plate 
of the sphenoid bone. 1. medulla'ris thal'- 
ami, a sheet of white fibers within the optic thal- 
amus. dividing it into the internal and external 
nuclei. 1. modi'oli [B N A], a bony plate, the 
continuation of the modiolus, extending upward 
toward the cupola. 1. papyra'cea [B N A], the 
os planum of the ethmoid, periclaustral 1., the 
layer of white matter between the claustrum and 
the insula. 1. perpendicula'ris [B N A], the 
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. 1. pro'- 
pria, the middle or fibrous layer of the membrana 
LAMBDA 
588 
tympani. 1. quadrigem'ina [B N A], the layer 
of gray matter roofing over the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
1. reticula ris, the perforated layer of membrane 
that covers the organ of Corti. 1. rostra'lis [B N 
A], the thin terminal part of the rostrum of the cor- 
pus callosum. 1. spira'lis, the septum, partly 
membranous and partly bony, that divides the 
cochlea into the two scake. 1. suprachoroi'- 
dea [B N A], a delicate layer of connective tissue 
interposed between the sclera and choroid coat of 
the eye. 1. supraneuropor'ica, the area of the 
membranous roof of the diencephalon which covers 
the foramen of Monro. 1. termina'lis [B N A]. 
Same as I. cinerea. 1. trag'ica, a plate of cartilage 
forming the beginning of the cartilaginous part of 
the external auditory meatus. 1. vasculo'sa 
[BN A], the outer part of the choroid which con- 
tains the largest vessels. 1. vit'rea, the homo- 
geneous glassy membrane that lines the choroid; 
Bruch's membrane. 
laminar (lam'in-ar) (L. lamina'ris]. Made up of 
lamina.*. 
Laminaria (lam-in-a're-ah) [L.]. i. A genus of 
sea-weeds. 2. The stems of L. digita'ta and L. 
clousto'ni (sea-tangle): used in making tents and 
bougies. 
laminated (lam'in-a-ted). Made up of thin layers 
or laminae; disposed in laminae or layers. 
lamination (lam-in-a'shun). i. A laminated struc- 
ture or arrangement. 2. The slicing of the fetal 
head in embryotomy. 
laminectomy (lam-in-ek'to-me) [L. lam'ina layer 
+ Gr. eKTony excision]. The excision of the 
posterior arch of a vertebra. 
laminitis (lam-in-i'tis). Inflammation of a lam- 
■ ina, and especially of the laminae of a horse's foot; 
a form of founder. 
lamnectomy (lam-nek'to-me) [L. lam'ina fl- Gr. 
\apyla layer + eKropr] excision]. Excision of the 
lamina of a vertebra. 
lamp, mignon- (min'yun-lamp). A minute elec- 
tric light used in cystoscopy, etc. Kromayer's 
1., a quartz lamp of mercury vapor used in treating 
skin diseases with actinic rays. Loring 1., an 
electric lamp used in Finsen light treatment. 
Nernst 1., an incandescent electric lamp the 
filament of which is made of metallic oxids. 
quartz 1., a mercury vacuum lamp made of 
melted quartz glass embedded in a running-water- 
bath: used for applying Finsen light. Simpson 
1. See Simpson light, under light. 
lampas (lam'pas). A swelling of the mucous mem- 
brane that covers the hard palate and projects in a 
ridge immediately behind the * upper incisors in 
horses. 
lampblack (lamp'blak). Finely powdered carbon 
derived from the burning of oils, rosin, etc. 
lamprophonia (lam-pro-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. \apirpbs 
clear + <pwq voice]. Clearness of voice. 
lamprophonic (lam-pro-fon'ik). Having a clear 
voice. 
Lamus (la'mus). A genus of predatory insects of 
the family Reduviidae. L. magis'tus, the species 
which transmits Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) 
cruzi. It frequently bites the face and so is called 
Barberio by the natives of Mexico. L. sanguis- 
u'ga, the blood-sucking cone nose or Mexican bed- 
bug of the southern United States. Its bite is 
painful and causes irritation, swelling, and nausea. 
It also transmits T. cruzi. Other species which 
harbor parasites closely resembling T. cruzi are: 
L. chaga'si, that was found in an uninhabited des- 
ert; L. dimidia'ta, of Central America; L. genicula'- 
ta, which inhabits the burrows of the armadillo; 
L. infes'tans, the vinchuca or great black bug of 
the Pampas; L. mexica'nus found in Mexico; L. 
nigrova'rius, widely distributed in South America; 
L. protrac'ta, of the southern United States; L. 
rubrofascia'ta, the Malay bug of tropical Asia, 
Madagascar, and parts of Africa. It has a large 
LAMUS proboscis and produces a nasty sting; L. sor'dida 
, of Sao Paula; and L. vit'ticeps, of Rio de Janeiro, 
lamziekte (lahm'zek-te) [Danish "lame-sickness"]. 
A disease affecting cattle in South Africa charac- 
terized by lameness, humping of the back, and 
paralysis of the muscles of deglutition. 
lanain (lan'a-in). Purified wool-fat. 
lana kerol (lah'nah ke'rol). A proprietary bacteri- 
cidal preparation: used in skin diseases. 
lance (Ians) [L. lan'cea]. 1. Same as lancet. 2. 
To cut or open with a lancet. Mauriceau's 1., 
a pointed knife used in embryotomy. 
Lancereaux's diabetes, treatment, etc. (lahn- 
ser-oz') [Etienne Lancer e aux, physician in Paris, 
1829-1910]. See diabetes, treatment, etc. 
lancet (lan'set) [L. lan'cea lance]. A small pointed 
and two-edged surgical knife, abscess-1., a 
wide-bladed lancet with one convex and one con- 
cave edge, acne-1., a form with a narrow blade 
for puncturing the papules of acne, gum-1., 
a knife for incising the gums, laryngeal 1., 
a delicate knife for operations within the larynx: 
it is operated through a cannula, spring-1., one 
the blade of which is held by a spring, thumb- 
1., one with a wide, two-edged blade. 
lancinating (lan'sin-a-ting) [L. lan'cinas]. Tear- 
ing, darting, or sharply cutting. See pain. 
Lancisi's nerve (lan-sis'ez) [Giovanni Maria 
Lancisi, Italian physician, 1654-1720]. See nerve. 
Landau's test (lahn'dowz) [Leopold Landau, Ger- 
man surgeon, 1848-1920]. See under tests. 
Landerer's treatment (lahn'der-erz) [Albert 
Sigmund Landerer, German surgeon, 1854-1904]. 
See treatment. 
Landolt's bodies (lahn-dolts') [Edmund Landolt, 
oculist in Paris, born 1846]. See body. 
Landouzy's disease (lan-doo'zez) [Louis Landouzy, 
French physician, 1845-1917]. Weil's disease. 
Landry's paralysis (lan-drez') [Jean Baptiste 
Octave Landry, French physician, 1826-1865]. See 
paralysis. 
land-scurvy (land'skur-ve). Same as purpura 
hcemorrhagica. 
Landstrom's muscle (lahnd'stremz) [John Land- 
strom, Sweedish surgeon, 1869-1910]. See under 
muscle. 
Lane's disease, kink, operation, plates (lanz) 
[Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, English surgeon]. See 
under disease, kink, operation, and plate. 
lanesin (lan'es-in). A patented wool-fat prepara- 
tion. 
Lange's solution, test (lahng'ez) [Carl Lange, 
German physician, born 1883]. See under solution 
and tests. 
Langenbeck's incision, operation (lahng'en- 
beks) [Bernard Rudolf Konrad von Langenbeck, 
German surgeon, 1810-1887]. See incision. 
Langer's muscle (lang'erz) [Carl Ritter von 
Edenberg von Langer, German anatomist, 1819- 
1887]. See muscle. 
Langerhans' cells, islands (lahng'er-hanz) 
[Robert Langerhans, German pathologist, 1849- 
1888]. See under cell and island. 
Langhans' cells, layer (lahng'hahnz) [Theodor 
Langhans, German pathologist, 1839-1915]. See 
under cell and layer. 
lanichol (lan'ik-ol). A proprietary preparation 
of refined wool-fat resembling lanolin. 
laniol (la'ne-ol). A wool-fat preparation not un- 
like lanolin. 
Lankesterel'la rana'rum. A sporozoan parasite 
of the red blood-cells of the frog. 
lannainol (lan-a'in-ol). An iodocresol prepara- 
tion: used as a substitute for iodoform. 
Lannelongue's operation (lan-el-ongs') (Odilon 
Marc Lannelongue, French surgeon, 1841-1911]. 
See operation. 
LAMZIEKTE 
589 
lanoform (lan'o-form). Lanolin mixed with i per 
cent, of formaldehyd: antiseptic. 
lanoix (lahn-wah'). A proprietary remedy for 
malaria and influenza. 
lanolin (lan'o-lin) [L. lanoli'num; la'na wool + 
o'leum oil]. Adeps lanae hydrosus, or rectified 
wool-fat: used as an excipient for remedies for 
external use. It is a mixture of the esters of chol- 
esterol and isocholesterol with the higher fatty 
acids. 
Lantana (lan-ta'nah, lan-tah'nah) [LJ. A genus 
of verbenaceous shrubs, several species of which 
are actively medicinal. 
lantanin (lan'tan-in). An alkaloid from Lanta'na 
brasilien'sis: antiperiodic and antipyretic. Dose, 
15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
lanthanin (lan'than-in) [Gr. XavOaveiv to conceal]. 
A chromatophil substance suspended in the finer 
part of the nuclear structure of the cell. 
lanthanum (lan'than-um) [Gr. XauOavuv to con- 
ceal]. A rare metallic element: symbol, La; 
atomic weight, 139. 
lanthopin (lan'tho-pin). A white, crystalline al- 
kaloid, C23H25NO4, from opium. 
lantol (lan'tol). Colloidal rhodium for use in cancer 
and septic diseases. 
lanuginous (lan-u'jin-us) [L. lanugino'sus], Cov- 
ered with lanugo. 
lanugo (lan-u'go) [L.]. 1. The fine hair on the 
body of the fetus. 2. The fine downy hair found 
on nearly all parts of the body except the palms 
and soles. 
lanum (la'num) [L. la'na wool]. Hydrous wool- 
fat (adeps lanee hydrosus): a yellowish-white, 
unctuous mass, miscible with water. 
Lanz's operation, point (lahnts) [OttoLanz, con- 
temporary surgeon in Amsterdam, born 1865]. 
See operation and point. 
lapactic (lap-ak'tik) [Gr. XaTraxriKos; XaTraaaeiv to 
discharge]. Pertaining to or effecting a removal; 
purgative. 
laparectomy (lap-ar-ek'to-me) [Gr. XaTrapa loin + 
tKrop-q excision]. Excision of a portion or of 
portions of the abdominal wall: performed for 
the purpose of overcoming laxity of the walls 
and to gain support. 
laparocholecystotomy (lap"ar-o-ko"le-sis-tot'- 
o-me) [Gr. Xairdpa loin 4- xoXij bile + Kvcrris blad- 
der + to pi) cut]. Incision of the gall-bladder 
through an abdominal section. 
laparocolectomy (lap"ar-o-ko-lek'to-me) [Gr. Xair- 
apa loin + koXov colon + tKropi) excision]. Same 
as colectomy. 
laparocolostomy (lap"ar-o-ko-los'to-me) [Gr. Xarr- 
apa flank + colostomy]. The operation of forming 
a permanent opening into the colon by an incision 
in the anterior lateral wall of the abdomen. 
laparocolotomy (lap"ar-o-ko-lot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairapa flank + koXov colon + ropi) cut]. Colot- 
omy through the abdominal wall. 
laparocolpohysterotomy (lap"ar-o-kol"po-his- 
ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. Xa?rdpa loin + koXitos vagina + 
hysterotomy]. Cesarean section by a combined 
vaginal and abdominal method. 
laparocolpotomy (lap"a-ro-kol-pot'o-me) [Gr. 
XaTrapa loin -J- koXitos vagina + to pi) cut]. Same 
as laparo-elytrotomy. 
laparocystectomy (lap"ar-o-sis-tek'to-me) [Gr. 
Xavrapa loin + kvittis cyst + (.kt opr) excision]. 
Removal of a cyst, especially one produced by 
extra-uterine pregnancy, by an abdominal in- 
cision. 
laparocystidotomy (lap"ar-o-sis-tid-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xarrdpa loin + Kbarcs bladder + to pl] cut]. In- 
cision into the bladder through the abdominal 
wall just above the pubes. 
laparocystotomy (lap"ar-o-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairapa. loin + Kvans bladder -f- repveiv to cut]. 
LAPAROCYSTOTOMY LARD 
1. The removal of an extra-uterine fetus, the sac 
being allowed to remain. 2. Laparotomy with 
removal of the contents of a cyst. 
laparo-elytrotomy (lap"ar-o-el-it-rot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairdpa loin 4- iXvrpop sheath + ropr/ cut]. Re- 
moval of a fetus through an incision of the ab- 
dominal wall and vagina. 
laparo-enterostomy (lap"ar-o-en-ter-os'to-me) 
[Gr. Xairdpa loin 4- evrepov intestine + arbpa 
mouth]. The creation of an artificial opening 
into the intestine through the abdominal wall. 
laparo-enterotomy (lap"ar-o-en"ter-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. Xairdpa loin J- iprepop intestine 4- ropr) cut]. 
Laparotomy with incision into the intestine. 
laparogastroscopy (lap"ar-o-gas-tros'ko-pe) [Gr. 
Xairapa loin 4- gastroscopy]. Examination of the 
interior of the stomach through a gastrotomy inci- 
sion. 
laparogastrostomy (lap"ar-o-gas-tros'to-me) [Gr. 
Xairdpa loin 4- yaarrjp stomach + aropa mouth]. 
The creation of a permanent gastric fistula 
through the abdominal wall. 
laparogastrotomy (lap"ar-o-gas-trot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairdpa loin 4* yaarr/p stomach 4- to pi] cut]. In- 
cision into the stomach through the abdominal 
wall. 
laparohepatotomy (lap"ar-o-hep-at-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairapa loin + hepatotomy]. Incision of the liver 
through the abdominal wall. 
laparohysterectomy (lap"ar-o-his-ter-ek'to-me) 
[Gr. Xairdpa loin 4- varepa womb + 'wopi] exci- 
sion]. Removal of the uterus through an open- 
ing in the abdominal walls. 
laparohystero-odphorectomy (lap"ar-o-his"ter- 
o-o"of-o-rek'to-me) [Gr. Xairdpa loin + wTepa 
womb + oophorectomy]. Laparotomy with re- 
moval of the uterus and ovaries. 
laparohysteropexy (lap"ar-o-his'jter-o-pek-se) 
[Gr. Xairdpa loin + varepa womb + irfj£is fixation]. 
Same as ventrofixation. 
laparohysterosalpingo-oophorectomy (lap"a- 
ro-his" ter-o-sal-pin"go-o"of-o-rek'to-me). Re- 
moval of the uterus, oviducts, and ovaries by an 
abdominal cut. 
laparohysterotomy (lap"ar-o-his-ter-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. Xairapa flank 4- varepa womb 4- Topi] cut] 
Laparotomy with incision of the uterus. 
laparo-ileotomy (lap"ar-o-il-e-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairdpa loin + ileum + Gr. to pi) cut]. Laparot- 
omy with incision of the ileum. 
laparokelyphotomy (lap"ar-o-kel-if-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairapa loin + KeXvtpos egg-shell + to pi) cut]. 
Laparotomy with incision of the sac of an extra- 
uterine gestation. 
laparokolpotomy (lap"ar-o-kol-pot'o-me). See 
laparocolpotomy. 
laparomonodidymus (lap"ar-o-mon-o-did'im-us) 
[Gr. Xairapa loin + pbpos single 4- bldvpos 
twin], A monster fetus, double above but single 
below the pelvis. 
laparomyitis (lap"ar-o-mi-i'tis) [Gr. Xairdpa loin 
4- pvs muscle 4- -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the abdominal or lumbar muscles. 
laparomyomectomy (lap"ar-o-mi-o-mek'to-me) 
[Gr. Xairdpa loin 4- pvs muscle 4- wo pi) excision]. 
The removal of a myoma by an abdominal in- 
cision. 
laparomyomotomy (lap"ar-o-mi-o-mot'o-me) 
[Gr. Xairdpa loin 4- myomotomy]. The incision or 
removal of a fibroid tumor of the uterus by ab- 
dominal section. 
laparonephrectomy (lap"ar-o-nef-rek'to-me) [Gr. 
Xairdpa loin 4- peippbs kidney 4- wo pi) excision]. 
Removal of a kidney by an incision in the loin. 
laparorrhaphy (lap-ar-or'af-e) [Gr. Xairapa loin 4- 
pa<pr] suture]. Suturation of the abdominal wall. 
laparosalpingectomy (lap"ar-o-sal-pin-jek' to- 
me) [Gr. Xairdpa loin 4- aaXircy^ tube 4- wo pi] 
LAPARO-ELYTROTOMY 
590 
excision]. Removal of an oviduct by abdominal 
section. 
laparosalpingo -oophorectomy (lap"ar-o-sal- 
ping"o-o"of-o-rek'to-me). The removal of the 
oviducts and ovaries by an abdominal incision. 
laparosalpingotomy (lap"ar-o-sal-pin-got'o-me) 
[Gr. Xarrapa loin + aaXiriy^ tube 4- reppeiv to 
cut]. The surgical incision of an oviduct through 
an abdominal cut. 
laparoscope (lap'ar-o-skop). Peritoneoscope. 
laparoscopy (lap-ar-os'ko-pe) [Gr. Xairdpa loin + 
aKoireip to see]. Exploration of the abdomen by 
instruments; especially peritoneoscopy. 
laparosplenectomy (lap"ar-o-sple-nek'to-me) 
[Gr. Xairapa loin 4- airXi]P spleen 4- eKropi] exci- 
sion]. Laparotomy with excision of the spleen. 
laparosplenotomy (lap"ar-o-sple-not'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairapa loin + splenotomy]. The operation of 
making an incision into the side to gain access to 
the spleen, usually for the purpose of draining 
a cyst or. abscess of the spleen. 
laparothoracoscopy (lap"ar-o-tho-rak-os'ko-pe) 
[Gr. Xairdpa loin -|- Oupa^ chest 4- aKoireip to 
view]. The inspection of the peritoneal and 
pleural cavities through an instrument resembling 
a cystoscope pushed into them through the body 
wall. 
laparotome (lap'ar-o-tom). A knife used in 
laparotomy. 
laparotomize (lap-ar-ot'om-iz). To perform lap- 
arotomy upon. 
laparotomy (lap-ar-ot'o-me) [Gr. Xairapa loin 4- 
ropr] cut]. Surgical incision through the flank: 
less correctly, abdominal section at any point. 
laparotrachelotomy (lap"ar-o-trak-el-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. Xairapa loin + TpdxyXos neck + ropr] cut- 
ting]. Cesarean section done by incising the cer- 
vix and lower uterine segment with a minimum 
of encroachment on the peritoneum. 
laparotyphlotomy (lap"ar-o-tif-lot'o-me) [lap- 
arotomy + typhlotomy]. The process of exposing 
and cutting into the cecum. 
laparo-uterotomy (lap"ar-o-u-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
Xairdpa loin + uterotomy]. Incision of the uterus 
through an abdominal incision. 
lapathum (lap'ath-um) [L.]. A plant called bitter 
dock; also its homeopathic preparation. 
lapis (la'pis). Latin for stone. 1. al'bus, the 
native silicofluorid of calcium: also its homeo- 
pathic preparation. 1. calamina'ris, calamine. 
1. caus'ticus, fused potash. 1. divi'nus, J. 
ophthal'micus, ammoniated copper. 1. impe- 
riaTis, 1. inferna'lis, 1. lunaTis, silver 
nitrate. 
Laportea (lah-poFte-ah) [L.]. A genus of nettles. 
L. canaden'sis is North American; L. gi'gas, of 
Australia, is a tree sometimes one hundred and 
twenty feet high. Some of the species are exceed- 
ingly poisonous. L. crenula'ta, a large, acrid 
nettle: in Nepal the seed is used as an aromatic 
stimulant. L. moroi'des, a poisonous Australian 
tree: the juice of the plant Coloca'sia macrorhi'za 
is said to be its antidote. 
lappa (lap'ah) [L.]. The root of the burdock, 
Arc'tium lap'pa: diuretic, diaphoretic, and alter- 
ative. Dose of tincture, 10-60 min. (0.666-4 c.c.); 
of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
lapsus (lap'sus) [L. a " fall "]. A falling or dropping 
of a part; ptosis. 
laqueus (lak'we-us). Same as lemniscus. 
Larat's treatment (lar-az') [Jules Louis Francois 
Adrien Lar at, French physician, born 1857]. See 
under treatment. 
larbish (lar'bish). A creeping eruption occurring 
in Senegal; called also (Erbiss. 
larch. See Larix. 
lard (lard) [L. la/dum]. The fat of the swine; adeps 
suillus. lardacein (lar-da'se-ifi). Amyloid substance; a 
protein found in tissues affected with amyloid 
degeneration. It is characterized by being in- 
soluble in nearly all reagents, not acted upon by 
the gastric juice, and not readily subject to putre- 
faction. It gives a brown color with iodin and 
sulphuric acid. 
lardaceous (lar-da'shus). i. Resembling lard. 
2. Containing lardacein, or amyloid substance. 
Lardennois' button (lar-den-wahz') [Henri 
Lardennois, French surgeon, born 1872]. See 
button. 
largin (lar'jin). A gray powder, being a com- 
pound of silver and protalbin, containing 11 per 
cent, of silver, and soluble in water, glycerin, and 
peptones. It is used as a bactericide, especially 
in gonorrhea and in ulcers of the stomach and in- 
testines. Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.333-0.5 gm.), in pill; 
in gonorrhea a 0.25-5 Per cent, solution is used. 
laricis cor'tex (laFis-is) [L. " larch-bark "]. The 
stimulant and astringent bark of the European 
larch-tree, La'rix europce'a. 
Larix (la'riks) [L.]. A genus of coniferous trees, 
the larches. The astringent bark of L. europce'a 
is useful in skin diseases and in pectoral com- 
plaints. Dose of tincture, 10-30 min. (0.66-2 c.c.). 
larixin (la-rik'sin). See laric acid, under acid. 
larkspur (lark'spur). A ranunculaceous plant, 
Delphin'ium consol'ida: its seeds are diuretic, 
emmenagogue, and poisonous. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 1-10 min. (0.066-0.666 c.c.). 
larosan (lar'o-san). A proprietary preparation of 
casein and calcium oxid: used for addition to milk 
for children with digestive disturbance. 
Laroyenne's operation (lar-oi-enz') [Lucien 
Laroyenne, French surgeon, born 1876]. See 
operation. 
Larrey's bandage, operation, etc. (lah-rez) 
[Domenique Jean Larrey, French surgeon, 1766- 
1842]. See bandage, operation, etc. 
larva (lar'vah), pl. lar'vce [L.]. An immature stage 
in, the life history of an animal in which it is unlike 
the parent; especially the first stage of insect de- 
velopment after leaving the egg. 1. mi'grans. 
See creeping eruption, under eruption. 
larvaceous, larval, larvate, larvated (lar-va'- 
shus, lar'val, laFvat, lar'va-ted) [L. lar'va mask]. 
Masked; concealed: said of a disease or a symp- 
tom of disease. 
larvicide (laffvis-id) [larva + L. ca'dere to kill]. 
An agent destructive to insect larvae. Panama 
1., 150 gallons of crude carbolic acid, 200 pounds of 
rosin, and 30 pounds of caustic soda are mixed and 
heated to a uniform dark colored soap. One part 
to 10,000 parts of water kills Anopheles larvae in 
one-half hour. 
laryngeal (lar-in'je-al). Of or pertaining to the 
larynx. 
laryngectomy (lar-in-jek'to-me) [Gr. Xapvyi, lar- 
ynx + tKTop-f] excision]. Extirpation of the larynx, 
laryngendoscope (lar-in-jen'do-skop) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx + tvbov within + aKoireiv to view]. An 
instrument for viewing the posterior wall of the 
larynx. 
laryngismus (lar-in-jiz'mus) [L.; Gr. Xapvyyia- 
pbs a whooping]. Spasm of the larynx. 1. 
paralyt'icus. Same as roaring. 1. strid'- 
ulus, a disease of children marked by sudden 
laryngeal spasm, with a crowing inspiration and the 
development of cyanosis. It occurs in laryngeal 
inflammations and as an independent disease, 
especially in connection with rickets. 
laryngitic (lar-in-jit'ik). Pertaining to laryngitis, 
laryngitis (lar-in-ji'tis). Inflammation of the 
larynx, a condition attended with dryness and 
soreness of the throat, hoarseness, cough, and 
dysphagia, acute catarrhal 1., a form charac- 
terized by aphonia or hoarseness, pain and dry- 
LARDACEIN 
591 
ness of the throat, dyspnea, a wheezy cougn.. 
and more or less fever, atrophic 1. See chronic 
I. chronic catarrhal 1., a form due to a recur- 
ring irritation, or oftener a sequel of the acute form, 
and leading to atrophy of the glands of the mucous 
membrane, diphtheric 1., that which is due to' 
diphtheria: true or membranous croup, mem- 
branous 1., that which is attended with the for- 
mation of false membrane, diphtheric or other, 
phlegmonous 1., a usually fatal complication of 
erysipelas, small-pox, etc., attended with sub- 
mucous suppuration and edema. 1. sic'ca, 
chronic laryngitis. 1. stridulo'sa. See laryn- 
gismus stridulus, subglottic 1., inflammation of 
the under surface of the vocal cords, syphilitic 
1., a chronic form due to syphilitic involvement 
of the larynx, tuberculous 1., a chronic form 
due to tuberculous ulceration of the larynx. 
laryngocele (lar-in'go-sel) [Gr. Xapvy^ larynx + 
KpXr) hernia]. Protrusion of the mucous mem- 
brane across the cricothyroid space. 
laryngocentesis (lar-in"go-sen-te'sis) [Gr. Xapvy% 
larynx + Kevrrjais puncture]. Surgical puncture 
of the larynx. 
laryngofission (lar-in-go-fish'un). Laryngofissure, 
laryngofissure (lar-in'go-fish-ur). The operation 
of opening the larynx by a median incision through 
the thyroid cartilage; median laryngotomy. 
laryngograph (lar-in'go-graf) [Gr. Xapvy£ larynx 
+ ypatpeiv to write]. A device for registering the 
laryngeal movements. 
laryngography (lar-in-gog'raf-e) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx + ypatpeiv to record]. The description of 
the larynx. 
laryngology (lar-in-gol'o-je) [Gr. Xapvy^ larynx + 
X6yos word]. The science or study of the larynx 
and its affections. 
laryngometry (lar-in-gom'et-re) [larynx + Gr. 
pirpov measure]. Measurement of the larynx. 
laryngoparalysis (lar-in"go-pah-ral'is-is) [larynx 
+ -paralysis}. Paralysis of the larynx. 
laryngopathy (lar-in-gop'ath-e) [Gr. Xapvy^ larynx 
+ iraBos illness]. Any disorder of the larynx. 
laryngophantom (lar-in-go-fan'tom) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx + ^pavraapa phantom]. An artificial model 
of the larynx. 
laryngopharyngeal (lar-in"go-fa-rin'je-al). Per- 
taining to the larynx and pharynx. 
laryngopharyngectomy (lar-in"go-far-in-jek'to- 
me). Excision of the larynx and pharynx. 
laryngopharyngeus (lar-in"go-fa-rin'je-us). The 
inferior constrictor of the pharynx. 
laryngopharyngitis (lar-in"go-far-in-ji'tis). In- 
flammation of the larynx and pharynx. 
laryngopharynx (lar-in"go-far'inks) [larynx + 
pharynx]. The lower portion of the pharynx as 
distinguished from the oropharynx and the naso- 
pharynx. 
laryngophony (lar-in-gof'o-ne) [Gr. Xapvy^ larynx 
+ pcoi'-q voice]. The vocal sound as heard in aus- 
cultation of the larynx. 
laryngophthisis (lar-in-gof'this-is) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx + <p9ia is phthisis]. Tuberculosis of the 
larynx. 
laryngoplasty (lar-in'go-plas-te) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx + TrXaaaeiv to mold]. Plastic surgery of 
the larynx. 
laryngoplegia (lar"in-go-ple'je-ah) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx + irXrjyr) stroke]. Paralysis of the larynx. 
laryngorhinology (lar-in"go-rin-ol'o-je) [Gr. 
Xapvy£ larynx + pis nose + X6yos treatise]. The 
sum of what is known regarding the larynx and 
nose and their diseases. 
laryngorrhagia (lar-ing-o-ra'je-ah) [larynx + Gr. 
-payia break]. Hemorrhage from the larynx. 
laryngorrhea (lar"in-gor-e'ah) [Gr. \apvy% lar- 
ynx + poia flow]. Excessive secretion of mucus 
whenever the voice-is used. . 
LARYNGORRHEA laryngoscleroma (lar-in"go-skle-ro'mah) [Gr. 
Xapuyf larynx -f- scleroma], Scleroma of the 
larynx. 
laryngoscope (lar-in'go-skop) [Gr. Xapt>v£ larynx 
+ akottciv to view]. An apparatus for use in 
ocular examination of the larynx. 
laryngoscopic (lar-in-go-skop'ik). Pertaining to 
laryngoscopy. 
laryngoscopist (lar-in-gos'ko-pist). An expert 
in the use of the laryngoscope. 
laryngoscopy c tar-in-gos'ko-pe) [Gr. Xapu7$ larynx 
+ akottciv to view]. Examination of the interior 
of the larynx by means of the laryngoscope, sus- 
pension 1., laryngoscopy performed with the head 
of the patient hanging over the edge of the examina- 
tion table. 
laryngospasm (lar-in'go-spazm) [Gr. Xapvy^ lar- 
ynx + aTraapos spasm]. Spasmodic closure of 
the larynx. 
laryngostasis (lar-ing-os'tas-is) [larynx + Gr. 
araats stoppage]. Croup. 
laryngostenosis (lar-in"go-sten-o'sis) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx + ffrevcotris contracture]. Narrowing or 
stricture of the larynx. 
laryngostomy (lar-in-gos'to-me) [Gr. Xapvy£ 
larynx + aropa mouth]. The formation of a per- 
manent opening into the larynx through the 
neck and trachea. 
laryngostroboscope (lar"in-go-strob'o-skop) [Gr. 
Xapvy^ larynx + arpb^os whirl + aKorreiv to-view]. 
An apparatus for observing the intralaryngeal 
phenomena of phonation. 
laryngotome (lar-ing'o-tbm). An instrument for 
performing laryngotomy. 
laryngotomy (lar-in-got'o-me) [Gr. Xapvy^ larynx 
+ reppeLv to cut]. The operation of incising the 
larynx, complete 1., the longitudinal slitting of 
the entire larynx, inferior 1., incision through 
the cricothyroid membrane, median 1., incision 
of the thyroid cartilage; thyrotomy. subhyoid 
1., the opening of the larynx by a cut through the 
thyrohyoid membrane, superior 1., thyrohy- 
oid 1. Same as subhyoid I. 
laryngotracheal (lar-in-go-tra'ke-al). Pertain- 
ing to the larynx and trachea. 
laryngotracheitis (lar-in"go-tra-ke-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the larynx and trachea. 
laryngotracheotomy (lar-in"go-tra-ke-ot'o-me) 
[laryngotomy + tracheotomy]. Incision of the 
larynx and trachea. 
laryngotyphoid (lar-in-go-ti'foid). Typhoid fever 
with laryngeal complications. 
laryngovestibulitis (lar-ing"go-ves-tib-u-li'tis). 
Inflammation of the vestibule of the larynx. 
laryngoxerosis (lar-in"go-ze-ro'sis) [Gr. Xapvy^ 
larynx 4- ^pcoais dryness]. Dryness of the throat, 
larynx (lar'inks) [Gr. Xapvy^]. The musculocar- 
tilaginous structure, lined with mucous membrane, 
situated at the top of the trachea and below the 
root of the tongue and the hyoid bone. It is 
the organ of voice. The cartilages of the larynx 
are nine in number, and are named as follows: 
thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis, two arytenoid, two 
cornicula laryngis (cartilages of Santorini), and 
two cuneiform (cartilages of Wrisberg). These 
cartilages are connected by ligaments. The two 
superior thyro-arytenoid ligaments are the false 
vocal cords; and the two inferior thyro-arytenoid 
ligaments are the true vocal cords. The crico- 
thyroid membrane connects the adjacent margins 
of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
lasanum (las'an-um). An obstetric chair, 
lascivia (las-iv'e-ah). Satyriasis. 
Lasdgue'ssign (lah-sagz') [Ernest Charles Lasegue, 
French physician, 1816-1883]. See sign. 
laser (la'ser). Asafetida. 
lash. An eyelash. 
Lassar's paste (las'arz) [Oskar Lassar, German 
dermatologist, 1849-1908]. See paste. 
LARYNGOSCLEROMA 
592 
lassitude (las'i-tud). Weakhess; exhaustion. 
lata, latah (lah'tah). A form of palmus, or jump- 
ing disease, endemic in Java. 
Lat. dol Abbreviation for L. lat'eri dolen'li, to the 
painful side. 
latent (la'tent) [L. la'tens hidden]. Concealed; 
not manifest; potential. 
later ad (lat'er-ad). Toward a side or a lateral 
aspect. 
lateral (lat'er-al) [L. latera'lis]. Pertaining to a 
side. 
lateral-chain theory. See Ehrlich's side-chain 
theory, under theory. 
latericeous, lateritious (lat-er-ish'us) [L. laterit'- 
ius; la'ter brick]. Resembling brick-dust. 
latero-abdozninal (lat"er-o-ab-dom'in-al). Per- 
taining to the side and the abdomen. 
laterodeviation (lat"er-o-de-ve-a'shun). Devia- 
tion or slight displacement to one side. 
lateroduction (lat"er-o-duk'shun) [L. la'tus side 
+ du'cere to draw]. Movement of an eye to 
either side. 
lateroflection, lateroflexion (lat"er-o-flek'shun). 
Flexion to either side. 
lateroposition (lat"er-o-po-zish'un). Displace- 
ment to one side. 
lateropulsion (lat"er-o-pul'shun) [L. la'tus side 
+ pel'lere to drive]. An involuntary tendency 
to go to one side. 
laterotorsion (lat"er-o-tor'shun) [L. la'tus side 
+ torque?re to turn]. Twisting of the vertical 
meridian of the eye to the right or to the left. 
lateroversion (lat"er-o-ver'shun) [L. la'tus side 
+ version]. A turning to one side. 
Latham's circle (la'thamz) [Peter More Latham, 
English physician, 1789-1875]. See circle. 
lathyrism (lath'ir-izm). Poisoning by the chick- 
pea (Lath'yrus cic'era) or by lupines; lupinosis. 
latissimus co'li (lat-is'im-us) [L. " widest of 
the neck "]. See platysma myoides, in muscles, 
table of. 1. dor'si [L. " widest of the back "]. 
See muscles, table of. 
latrine (lat'rin). A privy or water-closet, especially 
a public one. 
Latrodectus (lat-ro-dek'tus). A genus of poisonous 
spiders, the best known in this country being 
L. mac'tans and L. malmigna'tus. 
laudable (law'dab-1) [L. laudab'ilis]. Commend- 
able; healthy; of a kind thought to indicate an 
improving condition: used of pus. 
laudanidin (law-dan'id-in). An alkaloid, C20H25- 
O4N, from opium. 
laudanin (law'dan-in). An alkaloid, C20H25NO4, 
from opium, in colorless hexagonal prisms. 
laudanon (law'dan-on). A proprietary combina- 
tion of various opium alkaloids. 
laudanosin (law-dan'o-sin). A colorless alkaloid, 
in prismatic crystals, C21H27NO4, derivable from 
opium. 
laudanum (law'dan-um). The tincture of opium. 
Sydenham's 1., the wine of opium. 
laugh (laf). An act or paroxysm of laughter. 
laughing-gas. Nitrogen monoxid. 
laughter (lafter). A series of spasmodic and 
partly involuntary expirations with inarticulate 
vocalization, normally indicative of merriment; 
often a hysteric manifestation or a reflex result 
of tickling. 
Laugier's hernia (lo-zhe-az') [Stanislaus Laugier, 
French surgeon, 1799-1872]. See hernia. 
Laumonier's ganglion (lo-mon-e-az') [Jean 
Baptiste Laumonier, French surgeon, 1749-1818]. 
The carotid ganglion. 
lauranga (law-rang'ah). See bush disease, under 
disease. 
laurel (law'rel). See Laurus and laurocerasus. 
LAUREL LAURENOL 
593 
LAW 
laurenol (law're-nol). A proprietary deodorizer 
and antiseptic. 
laurin (law'rin). The glycerid, C22H30O3, of lauric 
acid, found in the oil of the seeds of Lau'rus nob'Uis; 
also in many vegetable oils: it may be crystallized 
in white needles. 
laurocerasus (law-ro-ser'as-us) [L. lau'rus laurel 
+ cer'asus cherry]. The European cherry-laurel, 
an evergreen cherry-tree, Pru'nus laurocer'asus. 
See aqua laurocerasi. 
laurotetanin (law-ro-tet'an-in). An alkaloid, Cie- 
HuCbfO.CHshNH, from Lit'sea citra'ta, a laurace- 
ous shrub of southern Asia: it crystallizes in 
needles; its exhibition is liable to cause tetanic 
spasm. 
Laurus (law'rus) [L. "laurel"]. A genus of lau- 
raceous trees. L. nob'ilis is a native of southern 
Europe. The leaves and berries afford fragrant 
oils, that of the leaves being volatile, and that of 
the berries a fixed oil. 
Lauth's canal, ligament (lowts) [Thomas 
Lauth, German anatomist, 1758-1826]. See canal 
and ligament. 
Lauth's violet (lawths) [Charles Lauth, English 
chemist, 1836-1913]. See under violet. 
lava (lah'vah) [Itai.]. The scoria ejected from 
volcanoes; a homeopathic remedy. 
lavage (lah-vahzh') [Fr.]. The irrigation or wash- 
ing out of an organ, such as the stomach or bowel. 
1. of the blood, blood 1., the washing out of 
toxic matters from the blood by injecting serum 
into the veins, electric 1., injection of a saline 
enema that has been electrized by a continuous 
current, ether 1. SeeSouligoux-Morestin method 
under method, systemic 1., lavage of the blood. 
Lavandula (lav-an'du-lah) [L.]. A genus of 
labiate plants; lavenders. The true lavender, 
L. ve'ra, is carminative and stimulant. The 
volatile oil of the flowers is official. Dose, 1-5 min. 
(0.066-0.333 c.c.); of spirit (spir'itus lavan'dulce), 
and also of compound spirit, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); 
of compound tincture, |-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.). 
lavation (la-va'shun) [L. lava'tio]. Same as lavage. 
lavement (lav'ment). Same as lavage. 
lavender (lav'en-der). See Lavandula. 
laver (la'ver). An edible sea-weed, PoPphyra 
vulga'ris, recommended as a food for scrofulous 
patients. 
Laveran's bodies, corpuscles (lav-ranz') [Charles 
Louis Alphons Laveran, French physician, 1845- 
1922]. See under body. 
Laverania (lav-er-a'ne-ah). A genus of animal 
parasites to which the so-called Laveran's bodies 
(L. mala'rice) are by some writers assigned. See 
Plasmodium falciparum. 
laveur (lah-vur7) [Fr.]. An instrument for perform- 
ing lavage or irrigation. 
law (law). A uniform or constant fact or prin- 
ciple. all or none 1. See all or none. Allen's 
paradoxic 1., whereas in normal individuals the 
more sugar is given the more is utilized, the reverse 
is true in diabetes. Ampere's 1., the force of an 
electric current on a movable magnet deviates the 
austral pole of the latter to the left. Angstrom's 
1., the law that the wave-lengths of the light ab- 
sorbed by a substance are the same as those given 
off by it when luminous. 1. of anticipation. 
See Mott's I. Aran's 1., fractures of the base of 
the skull (except those by contrecoup) result from 
injuries to the vault, the fractures extending by ir- 
radiation along the line of shortest circle. Arndt- 
Schulz 1., weak stimuli increase physiologic 
activity and very strong stimuli inhibit or abolish 
activity. 1. of avalanche, hypothetical law 
assumed by Ram6n y Cajal, that multiple sensa- 
tions may be aroused in the brain by a simple 
sensation at the periphery. 1. of average local- 
ization, visceral pain is most accurately localized 
in the least mobile viscus. Avogadro's 1., 
equal volumes of gases with the same pressure 
and temperature contain an equal number of 
molecules. Babinski's 1., the law of voltaic 
vertigo that a normal subject inclines to the side 
of the positive pole; a pathologic subject falls to 
the side to which he tends to incline spontaneously. 
If the labyrinth is destroyed there is no reaction. 
Baer's 1., the more specialized forms and struc- 
tures arise from the more general, and that by a 
'gradual change. Baruch's 1., when the tempera- 
ture of the water used in a bath is above or below 
that of the skin the effect is stimulating; when 
both temperatures are the same the effect is 
sedative. Bastian's 1., Bastian-Bruns' 1., 
if there is a complete transverse lesion in the 
spinal cord cephalad to the lumbar enlargement, the 
tendon-reflexes of the lower extremities are abol- 
ished. Baudin's 1., the alleged law or principle 
that an antagonism exists between tuberculosis 
and malarial disease. Baume's 1. Same as 
Colles' I. Behring's 1., the blood and serum of an 
immunized person, when transferred to another 
subject, will render the latter immune. Bell's 1., 
the anterior roots of the spinal nerves are motor 
and the posterior roots are sensory. Berthollet' s 
1., if two salts in solution by double decomposition 
can produce a salt less soluble than either, such a 
salt will be produced, biogenetic 1. See 
Muller's I. Blagden's 1., in moderate concen- 
trations the reduction of the freezing-point of a solu- 
tion is proportional to the amount of matter in the 
solution. Bordet's 1., when blood-corpuscles are 
added to a hemolytic medium in bulk, they are 
more rapidly dissolved than when added in frac- 
tions. Boudin's 1., there is antagonism be- 
tween malaria and tuberculosis. Bowditch's 
1. i. The law that any stimulus that will produce 
a contraction of the heart muscle will cause 
as powerful a pulsation as the most powerful 
stimulus. 2. Nerves cannot be tired out by stimu- 
lation. Boyle's 1., at any stated temperature 
a given mass of gas varies in volume inversely 
as the pressure. Buhl-Dittrich's 1., the 
opinion or supposed principle that in every case 
of acute miliary tuberculosis there exists within 
the body at least one old focus of caseation. 
Bunge's 1., the secreting cells of the mammary 
gland in the dog, cat, and rabbit take from the 
blood-plasma mineral salts in the exact proportion 
in which they are needed for developing and build- 
ing up the offspring. Camerer's 1., children of 
the same weight have the same food requirements 
regardless of their ages. Charles' 1., the volume 
of a gas at a constant pressure varies directly with 
the temperature. Cohn's 1., the specific forms 
of bacteria have a fixed and unchanging basis. 
Colles' 1., a child that is affected with congenital 
syphilis, its mother showing no signs of the disease, 
will not infect its mother (1837). Colles-Beau- 
mes' 1. Same as Colles'l. 1. of contrary in- 
nervation. See Meltzer's law, under law. Cop- 
pet's 1., the law that solutions which have the 
same freezing-point are equimolecular. Coul- 
omb's 1., the force of attraction or repulsion be- 
tween two electrified bodies is proportional directly 
to the quantities of electric charge, and inversely as 
the square of their distance apart. Courvoisier's 
1., when the common bile-duct is obstructed by a 
stone, dilatation of the gall-bladder is rare; when 
the duct is obstructed in some other way, dilatation 
is common. Currie's 1., the law that all sub- 
stances may be rendered radio-active by the in- 
fluence of the emanations of radium, and that sub- 
stances thus influenced hold their radio-activity 
longer when inclosed in some material through 
which the emanations cannot pass. Cushing's 
1., the law that increase of intracranial tension 
causes increase of blood-pressure to a point slightly 
above the pressure exerted against the medulla. 
Dalton's 1., though the volume of a gas ab- 
sorbed by a liquid remains constant, the weight 
of the absorbed gas rises and falls in proportion 
to the pressure. Dastre-Morat 1., dilatation of LAW 
594 
LAW 
the splanchnic vessels is usually accompanied by 
constriction of the surface vessels of the body, and 
vice versa. 1. of definite proportions, any 
compound always contains the same kind of ele- 
ments in the same proportions; called also Proust's 
I. Descartes' 1., the sine of the angle of in- 
cidence bears a constant relation to the sine of 
the angle of refraction for two given media. 1. 
of diffusion, any process set up in the nerve- 
centers affects the organism throughout by a proc- 
ess of diffused motion. Donders' 1., the rotation 
of the eye around the line of sight is not voluntary; 
when attention is fixed upon a remote object, the 
amount of rotation is determined entirely by the 
angular distance of the object from the. median 
plane and from the horizon. DuBois-Rey- 
mond 's 1., it is the variation of current density, 
and not the absolute value of current density at any 
given moment, that acts as a stimulus to a muscle 
or motor nerve. Dulong and Petit's 1., that 
the atoms of all elements have exactly the same 
capacity for heat. Edinger's 1., a gradual in- 
crease in the function of the neuron causes at first 
increased growth, but if irregular and excessive, 
then it leads to atrophy and degeneration. El- 
liot's 1., the activity of adrenalin is due to a 
stimulation of the endings of the sympathetic 
nerve. 1. of excitation, a. motor nerve responds 
by the contraction of its muscle to the alterations of 
the strength of an electric current and not to its ab- 
solute strength. 1. of facilitation, when an 
impulse has passed once through a certain set of 
neurons to the exclusion of others, it will tend to 
take the same course on a future occasion, and each 
time it traverses this path the resistance in the 
path will be smaller. Faget's 1., in yellow fever 
the pulse is at first accelerated, but, as the tempera- 
ture rises, it shows a marked tendency to fall. 
Fajans' 1., the product left after the emission of 
alpha-rays has a valence less by two than that of 
the parent radio-active substance; the product 
left after the emission of beta-rays has a valence 
greater by one than that of the parent radio-active 
substance. Faraday's 1., in electrolysis the 
amount of an ion liberated in any given time is pro- 
portional to the strength of the current. Farr's 
1., "subsidence is a property of all zymotic dis- 
eases"; the gradually decreasing increase of inci- 
dence in an epidemic disease, in virtue of which the 
epidemic curve first ascends rapidly, then more 
slowly to a maximum, with a descent more rapid 
than the ascent. 1. of fatigue (Houghton's), 
when the same muscle or group of muscles is kept in 
constant action until fatigue sets in, the total 
work done, multiplied by the rate of work, is 
constant. Fechner's 1., the intensity of 
a sensation produced by a varying stimulus 
varies directly as the logarithm of that stimulus. 
Fitz's 1., the law that acute pancreatitis is to be 
suspected when a previously healthy person is 
suddenly affected with violent epigastric pain, 
vomiting, and collapse, followed inside of twenty- 
four hours by epigastric swelling, tympanites, or 
resistance, with slight elevation of temperature. 
Flatau's 1., the law that the greater the length 
of the fibers of the spinal cord, the closer are they 
situated to the periphery. Freund's 1., during 
growth ovarian tumors change their position; when 
pelvic, they tend to grow downward behind the 
uterus; when they have arisen out of the pelvis, 
they tend to fall forward toward the abdominal 
wall. Froriep's 1., the theory that the skull is 
developed by the annexation of true vertebrae, 
the bead growing at the expense of the neck. 
Galton's 1., a law of inheritance by which, in the 
composition of an individual, the two parents 
contribute one-half of the total, the four grand- 
parents one-quarter, and so on. Galton's 1. of 
regression, average parents tend to produce 
average children; minus parents tend to produce 
minus children; plus parents tend to produce plus 
children; but the offspring of extreme parents, 
whether plus or minus, inherit the parental pecu- 
liarities in a less marked degree than the latter 
were manifested in the parents themselves. Gay- 
Lussac's 1. Same as Charles' I. Gerhardt- 
Semon's 1., various peripheral and central lesions 
affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause the 
vocal cord to assume a position between abduction 
and adduction, the paralysis of the parts being in- 
complete. Giraud-Teulon's 1., binocular ret- 
inal images are formed at the intersection of the pri- 
mary and secondary axes of projection. Gode- 
lier's 1., tuberculosis of the peritoneum is invari- 
ably associated with tuberculosis of the pleura. 
Golgi's 1., the severity of a malarial attack de- 
pends upon the number of parasites in the blood. 
Goodell's 1., when the cervix is hard as one's nose, 
pregnancy does not exist; when it is as soft as one's 
lips, pregnancy is probable. Graham's 1., the 
rate of diffusion of a gas through porous membranes 
is in inverse ratio to the square root of their density. 
Grasset's 1. Same as Landouzy-Grasset I. 1. 
of gravitation, the law that all bodies attract 
each other with a force that is directly proportional 
to their masses and inversely proportional to the 
square of their distance apart. Called also New- 
ton's I. Gudden's 1., the degeneration of the 
proximal end of a divided nerve is cellulipetab 
Guldberg and Waage 1., the velocity of a 
chemical reaction is proportional to the active 
masses of the reacting substances; called also law 
of mass action, mass law, and law of chemical kinetics. 
Gullstrand's 1., if while the patient is made to 
turn the head while fixing a distant object the 
corneal reflex from either eye moves in the direc- 
tion in which the head is turning, it moves toward 
the weaker muscle. Gull-Toynbee's 1., in 
otitis media the lateral sinus and cerebellum are 
liable to involvement in mastoid disease, and the 
cerebrum may be attacked when the roof of the 
tympanum becomes carious. Haeckel's 1., an 
organism, in developing from the ovum, goes 
through the same changes as did the species in 
developing from the lower to the higher forms of 
animal life. Hallion's 1., extracts of an organ 
when injected into the body exert a stimulating 
influence on that same organ. Hamberger's 1., 
when the blood js rendered acid, albumins and 
phosphates pass from the red corpuscles to the 
serum, and chlorids pass from the serum to the 
cells; the reverse occurs when the blood is rendered 
alkaline. Hecker's 1., in every successive child- 
birth the weight of the infant is greater than its 
predecessor by from 150 to 200 grams. Heiden- 
hain's 1., glandular secretion always involves 
change in the structure of the gland. Hellin's 
1., one in 80 pregnancies are twins; one in 80 X 80, 
or 6400, are triplets; one in 80 X 80 X 80, or 512,- 
000, are quadruplets. Henry's 1. Same as 
Dalton's I. Hering's 1., the clearness or purity 
of any conception or sensation depends on the 
proportion existing between its intensity and the 
sum total of the intensities of all the simulta- 
neous conceptions and sensations. Hilton's 1., a 
nerve-trunk which supplies the muscles of any 
given joint also supplies the muscles which move 
the joint and the skin over the insertions of such 
muscles. Hofaker-Sadler 1., when the father 
is older than the mother the ratio of male births is 
increased (13 to 100); when the parents are of 
equal age the ratio of female births is increased 
(93.5 males to 100 females); when the mother is 
older than the father the ratio of female births is 
further increased (88.2 males to 100 females). 
Hoff's 1. See van't Hoffs I. 1. of the intes- 
tines, contraction of one part of the intestine is 
always accompanied by relaxation of the part im- 
mediately below. 1. of isolated conduction, 
the wave of change or nervous impulse which 
passes through a neuron is never communicated 
to other neurons except at the terminals. Jack- 
son's 1., the law that the nerve functions that 
are latest developed are the earliest to be de- 
stroyed. Kahler's 1., the ascending branches 
of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves pass LAW 
595 
LAW 
within the cord in succession from the root-zone 
toward the mesial plane. Koch's 1., the speci- 
ficity of a microorganism is not demonstrated 
without the fulfilment of the following condi- 
tions: (1) The microorganism is present and 
discoverable in every case of the disease; (2) it 
is to be cultivated in a pure culture; (3) inocula- 
tion from such culture must reproduce the disease 
in susceptible animals; (4) it must be reobtained 
from such animals and again grown in a pure 
culture. Kiistner's 1., if an ovarian tumor 
is left-sided, torsion of its pedicle takes place 
toward the right; if right-sided, toward the left. 
Lancereaux's 1., marantic thrombosis always 
takes place at points where the tendency to stasis 
is greatest, and especially at points where the 
influence of thoracic aspiration and cardiac pro- 
pulsion is smallest. Landouzy-Grasset 1., in 
lesion of one cerebral hemisphere the head is turned 
to the side of the brain lesion if there is paralysis, 
and to that of the affected muscles if there is 
spasticity. Lasegue's 1., functional disorders or 
superficial lesions of an organ increase reflexes, 
while organic lesions diminish them. Leopold's 
1., when the placenta is inserted upon the poste- 
rior wall of the uterus, the oviducts assume direc- 
tions converging upon the anterior wall; but if the 
insertion be on the anterior wall during recum- 
bency, the tubes turn backward and become par- 
allel to the axis of the body. Levret's 1., the in- 
sertion of the cord is marginal in placenta praevia. 
Listing's 1., when the eyeball is moved from a 
resting position, the rotational angle in the second 
position is the same as if the eye were turned about 
a fixed axis perpendicular to the first and second 
position of the visual line. Louis' 1. 1. Pul- 
monary tuberculosis generally begins in the left 
lung. 2. Tuberculosis of any part is attended by 
localization in the lungs. Magendie's 1. Same 
as Bell's I. Marey's 1., a pulse of high tension is 
slow. Mariotte's 1. Same as Boyle's I. 1. of 
mass action, mass 1. See Guldberg and Waage I. 
Meltzer's 1. (of contrary innervation), "all living 
functions are continually controlled by two oppos- 
ing forces: augmentation or action on the one 
hand, and inhibition on the other." Mendel's 
1., mendelian 1., the law that the offspring 
is not intermediate in type between its parents, 
but the type of one or other parent is predominant. 
If two well-defined varieties of the same species 
be cross-fertilized, the resulting hybrid offspring 
will show the distinguishing characteristics of 
one of the parents only, this inherited character- 
istic being termed dominant. The characteristic of 
the other parent, however, known as recessive, is 
latent and will appear in the next generation bred 
from the hybrid. The offspring of this second 
generation will be of two kinds, three-quarters of 
the offspring having the dominant characteristic 
and one-quarter of them the recessive character- 
istic. If two of these recessive members of the 
third generation are bred together, the subsequent 
generations will show constantly the recessive 
character. As regards the dominant members of 
the third generation, they divide themselves into 
two orders: one-third of these members produce 
purely dominant offspring; the other two-thirds 
are true hybrids showing a mixed character, and 
each subsequent generation from them shows the 
same proportion of pure dominants, pure reces- 
sives, and hybrids. This law may be expressed 
by the following formula, »(DD + 2DR + RR), 
in which DD represents pure dominant offspring; 
RR, pure recessive offspring; DR, hybrid off- 
spring, and n, the number of the generation. 
Mendelejeff's 1. Same as periodic I. Metch- 
nikoff's 1., whenever the body is attacked by 
bacteria, the polynuclear leukocytes and the large 
mononuclear leukocytes quickly become protec- 
tive phagocytes. Meyer's 1., the internal struc- 
ture of fully developed normal bone represents 
the lines of greatest pressure or traction and af- 
fords the greatest possible resistance with the least 
possible amount of material. Mott's 1. of an- 
ticipation, when the children of the insane be- 
come insane they do so at a much earlier age than 
did their parents. Muller's 1. i. The embryo 
and fetus in its development recapitulates that of 
the ancestral series to which it belongs. 2. Same as I. 
of specific irritability. 1. of multiple variants,, 
any variation from the normal in the bones of the 
hand or foot is always multiple. Nageli's 1., a dis- 
ease in which eosinophils are present in one-half 
normal, normal, or increased numbers cannot be 
typhoid; and the appearance of even a few of such 
cells must incite caution in the diagnosis. Neu- 
mann's 1., the molecular heats in compounds of 
analogous constitution are always the same. New- 
land's 1. Same as periodic I. Newton's 1. 
Same as I. of gravitation. Nysten's 1., rigor mortis 
affects first the muscles of mastication, next those 
of the face and neck, then those of the upper trunk 
and arms, and last of all those of the legs and feet. 
Ohm's 1., the strength of an electric current varies 
directly as the electromotive force, and inversely as 
the resistance. Pascal's 1., the law that pressure 
applied to a liquid at any point is transmitted 
equally in all directions, periodic 1., the law 
that if the elements are arranged in the sequence 
of the weight of their atoms, and divided into 
groups of seven or eight, the corresponding mem- 
bers of each group show relationship in chemic 
properties: thus, elements having characters alike 
recur at regular intervals throughout the series. 
Called also Mendelejeff's I. Peters' 1., atheroma 
most commonly affects blood-vessels at their angles 
or turns. Pfeiffer's 1., the law that the blood- 
serum of an animal immunized against a disease 
will, when introduced into the body of another 
animal, destroy the bacteria of that disease. 
Pfliiger's 1., the law that a nerve-tract is stimu- 
lated when catelectrotonus develops or anelec- 
trotonus disappears, but not under the reverse 
conditions. Poiseuille's 1., the speed of cur- 
rents in capillary tubes is proportional to the 
square of their diameter. Prevost's 1., in a lateral 
cerebral lesion the head is turned to the side on 
which the lesion is. Profeta's 1., a non-syph- 
ilitic child born of syphilitic parents is immune. 
Proust's 1., law of definite proportions, psy- 
chophysical 1. Same as Weber-Fechner I. 
Raoult's 1., the depression of the freezing-point 
of a solution is proportional to the molecular con- 
centration of the solution, every molecule of sub- 
stance per liter of solution depressing the freezing- 
point of water 1.85° C. 1. of reciprocal propor- 
tions, two chemic elements that unite with a third 
element do so in proportions that are multiples of 
those in which they unite with each other. 1. of 
refraction, rays of light passing from a rarer to a 
denser medium are deflected toward a perpendicu- 
lar to the surface of incidence; while rays passing 
from a denser to a rarer medium are deflected away 
from the perpendicular. 1. of refreshment, the 
refreshment of a laboring muscle depends on the rate 
of supply of arterial blood. 1. of regression. 
See Dalton's law of regression, under law. 1. of 
relativity, simultaneous and successive sensa- 
tions modify each other. Ritter's 1., both the 
opening and the closing of an electric current pro- 
duce stimulation in a nerve. Ritter-Valli 1., the 
primary increase and secondary loss of irritability in 
a nerve, produced by a section which separates from 
the nerve-center travel in a peripheral direction. 
Rommelaere's 1., in cases of carcinoma there 
is a constant diminution of the nitrogen in the 
urine. Rosenbach's 1., in lesions of the nerve- 
centers and nerve-trunks paralysis appears in the 
extensor muscles before it does in flexor muscles. 
Roussel's 1., a French law initiated by Theo- 
phile Roussel (1874) for the protection of friendless 
children. Rubner's 1. 1. (Law of constant energy 
consumption.) The rapidity of growth is propor- 
tional to the intensity of the metabolic process. 2. 
(Law of constant growth quotient) The same frac- 
tional part of the entire energy is utilized for LAWN-TENNIS ARM 
596 
LAYER 
growth. This fractional part is called the " growth 
quotient." Schroeder van der Kolk's 1., the 
sensory fibers of a mixed nerve are distributed 
to the parts moved by muscles which are stimulated 
by the motor fibers of the same nerve. Schutz's 
1., the law that the intensity of enzyme action is 
directly proportional to the square root of its 
concentration. 1. of segregation, in each gen- 
eration the ratio of pure dominants, dominants 
giving descendants in the proportion of three 
dominants to one recessive, and pure recessives is 
1:2:1. Semon's 1., in progressive organic dis- 
eases of the motor laryngeal nerves the abductors 
of the vocal cords (posterior crico-arytenoids) are 
the first, and occasionally the only, muscles af- 
fected. Sherrington's 1., every posterior spinal 
nerve-root supplies a special region of the skin, 
although fibers from adjacent spinal segments may 
invade such a region. 1. of similars. See 
homeopathy. 1. of sines, the sine of the angle 
of incidence is equal to the sine of the angle of 
reflection multiplied by a constant quantity. 
Snell's 1. Same as Descartes' I. Spallanzani's 
1., the law that regeneration is more complete in 
younger individuals than in older ones. 1. of 
specific irritability, every sensory nerve reacts 
to one form of stimulus and gives rise to one form 
of sensation only, though if under abnormal con- 
ditions it be excited by other forms of stimuli, 
the sensation evoked will still be the same. Called 
also Muller's I. Stokes' 1., a muscle situated 
above an inflamed membrane is often affected with 
paralysis. Tait's 1., in every case of pelvic or ab- 
dominal disease in which life is endangered or 
the health ruined, exploration by celiotomy should 
be made, except when the disease is known to be 
malignant. Talbot's 1., when complete fusion 
occurs and the sensation is uniform, the intensity 
is the same as would occur were the same amount of 
light spread uniformly over the disk. Teevan's 
1., fractures of bones occur in the line of extension, 
and not in the line of compression. Toynbee's 1., 
in cases of brain disease due to otitis the cere- 
bellum and lateral sinuses are affected from the 
mastoid, and the cerebrum from the tympanic 
roof, van der Kolk's 1. See Schroeder van der 
Kolk's I. van't Hoff's 1., the velocity of chemic 
reactions is increased twofold or more for each rise 
of 10 degrees in temperature. Virchow's 1., the 
cell-elements of tumors are derived from normal 
and preexisting tissue-cells. Vulpian's 1., when 
a portion of the brain is destroyed the functions 
of that part are carried on by the remaining parts. 
Waller's 1., wallerian L, if the sensory fibers of 
the root of a spinal nerve be divided on the central 
side of the ganglion, the fibers on the peripheral side 
of the cut do not degenerate; while those that re- 
main connected with the cord degenerate. Weber ' s 
1., the variation of stimulus which causes the 
smallest appreciable change in sensation main- 
tains an approximately fixed ratio to the whole 
stimulus. Weber-Fechner 1., the law that for 
a sensation to increase, by equal amounts (arith- 
metic progression), the stimulus must increase 
by geometric progression. Called also psycho- 
physical I. Wolff's 1., the law that all changes 
in the function of a bone are attended by definite 
alterations in their internal structure. Wundt- 
Lamansky's 1., the law that the line of vision 
in moving through a vertical plane parallel to the 
frontal plane moves in straight lines in the vertical 
and horizontal directions, but in curved paths in 
all other movements. Wyssakovitsch's 1., the 
cells covering any part of the body, so long as they 
preserve their integrity, protect the underlying 
tissues. Zeune's 1., the law that the proportion 
of cases of blindness is less in the temperate than 
in the frigid zone, and increases in the torrid zone 
as the equator is approached. 
lawn-tennis arm (lawn-ten'is). Displacement of 
the pronator radii teres muscle from excessive 
tennis-playing. 
Lawson Tait. See Tait. 
laxaphen (laks'af-en). A proprietary cathartic 
containing phenolphthalein and salicylic acid in a 
chocolate-flavored base. 
laxase (laks'as). A proprietary concentrated form 
of agar-agar for internal administration in consti- 
pation. 
laxatin (laks'at-in). A proprietary preparation of 
phenol phthalein. 
laxative (laks'at-iv) [L. laxati'vus], i. Aperient; 
mildly cathartic. 2. An aperient medicine. 
laxator tym'pani (laks-a'tor) [L. " relaxer of the 
tympanum See muscles, table of. 
laxiquinin (laks-ik-win'in). A proprietary laxative 
preparation of quinin. 
laxoin (laks'o-in). Same as phenolphthalein. 
laxol (laks'ol). Castor oil prepared with saccharin 
and oil of peppermint. 
layer (la'er). A stratum of nearly uniform thick- 
ness. adamantine 1., the enamel layer of the 
teeth, ambiguous 1., the second layer of the 
cerebral cortex, counting from without: named 
from the indefinite shapes of many of its cells, 
bacillary 1., the outermost but one of the retinal 
layers; the rod-and-cone layer; Jacob's mem- 
brane. Baillarger's 1., a layer of the cerebral 
cortex made up of short, delicate fibers parallel 
to the surface. It may be seen by the naked eye 
in the region around the calcarine fissure, where 
it is known as the bundle of Vicq d'Azyr. base- 
ment 1., basement membrane. Bechterew's 
1., a layer «of fibers in the cerebral cortex be- 
tween Baillarger's layer and the tangential fibers. 
Bernard's glandular 1., a layer of cells which 
line the acini of the pancreas, blastodermic 1., 
any one of the germ-layers-the epiblast, mesoblast, 
or hypoblast. Bowman's 1., Bowman's mem- 
brane. See membrane. Bruch's 1., the inner 
layer of the choroid coat of the eye: the vitreous 
lamina, claustral 1., the layer of gray matter 
between the external capsule and the insula, 
columnar 1., the rod-and-cone layer of the 
retina; also same as mantle I. cortical 1., the 
superficial layer, especially of the brain and the 
ovary, dermic 1., the middle or connective- 
tissue layer of the membrana tympani. Dobie's 
1. Same as Krause's membrane, ependymal 1., 
the inner layer of cells next to the cavity of the 
medullary tube, epitrichial 1., the most super- 
ficial layer of the epidermis of the embryo, fillet 
1., the stratum lemnisci. Floegel's 1., a granular 
layer in each transparent lateral disk of a mus- 
cular fibril, ganglion-cell 1., a layer of the 
retina between the nerve-fiber layer and the 
inner molecular layer, ganglionic 1., a stratum 
of angular cells in the cerebral cortex. Gen- 
nari's 1. Same as Baillarger's I. germ 1., one of 
the primary layers of cells (ectoderm, endoderm, or 
mesoderm) from which the tissues and organs of 
the adult develop, granular 1., the stratum 
granulosum. Henle's 1., the outer layer of 
cells of the inner root-sheath of a hair-follicle, 
horny 1., the outer layer of the skin; the stratum 
corneum. Huxley's 1., a layer of the root- 
sheaths of a hair-follicle within Henle's layer. 
Kblliker's fibrous 1., the mesiris; the substantia 
propria of the iris. Langerhans' 1., the deep 
cellular layer of chorionic villi. Langhans' 1., 
the stratum granulosum of the skin. lat- 
ticed 1., a cortical cell-layer of the hippocampus, 
malpighian 1., the stratum mucosum of the 
skin, mantle 1., the columnar layer or zone of 
nuclei in the myelospongium. Meynert's 1., a 
layer of pyramidal cells in the cortex of the cere- 
brum. molecular 1. i. The outer or cortical layer 
of the cerebral or cerebellar substance. 2. A 
designation of two of the layers of the retina, 
molecular 1., inner, the inner plexiform layer 
of the retina, molecular 1., outer, the outer 
plexiform layer of the retina, mucous 1., the 
innermost layer of the epidermis; the rete mucosum. 
nerve-fiber 1., the innermost layer of the retina, 
excepting the membrana limitans interna, neu- LAZARETTO 
597 
LEDUC'S CURRENT 
rodermal 1., the epiblast. Ohl's 1., the stratum 
lucidum of the skin. Ollier's 1., osteogenetic 
L, the innermost layer of the periosteum, pali- 
sade 1., the basal layer of the stratum mucosum. 
papillary 1., the outer layer of the corium. pe- 
ripheral 1., the outer portion of the molecular 
layer of the cerebral cortex, pigmentary L, 
the outermost of the ten layers of the retina, and 
the inner lining of the ciliary organ, plexiform 
1's, the two molecular layers of the retina, 
prickle-cell 1., the stratum malpighii. primary 
blastodermic 1., the germinal layers developed 
by the differentiation of the blastoderm, the epi- 
blast, and hypoblast or mesoblast. Rauber's 
1., the most external of the three layers of cells 
which form the young blastodisk of the embryo. 
Called also blastodermic ectoderm and primitive 
ectoderm. Renaut's 1., a thin hyaline mem- 
brane between the corium and the epidermis, 
reticular 1., the tunica propria or deeper layer 
of the corium. Sattler's elastic 1., a thin layer 
of elastic fibers lying between the large vessel 
layer and the choriocapillary layer of the cho- 
roid of the eye. skeletogenous 1., the layer of 
mesoderm cells surrounding the notochord of the 
embryo and developing into the axial skeleton, 
sluggish 1., the layer of slow-moving leukocytes 
in the blood strewn along the walls of the vessel. 
Still 1. Same as sluggish I. subcallosal 1., the 
layer of nerve-fibers on the lower side of the cal- 
losum. subpapillary 1., the vascular layer of 
the corium. superpapillary 1., the rete muco- 
sum. Tomes' granular 1., the outer layer of 
dentin next the cement, trophic 1., the hypo- 
blast. Unna's 1., Langerhans' layer, vegeta- 
tive 1., the hypoblast. Waldeyer's 1., the vas- 
cular layer of the ovary. Weil's basal 1., a pale, 
transparent layer of cells just inside of the layer 
of odontoblasts of tooth-pulp. It is made up of 
delicate fibrils of connective tissue communicating 
with the processes of odontoblasts. Zeissel's 1., 
a layer in the stomach wall between the muscularis 
mucosae and the submucosa, zonular 1. See 
stratum zonale. 
lazaretto (laz-ar-et'o). 1. A pest-house or hos- 
pital for contagious diseases. 2. A quarantine 
station. 
Lb. An abbreviation for L. li'bra, pound. 
L. Ch. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Surgery. 
L. D. Abbreviation for perception of light differ- 
ence. 
L. D. A. Left dorso-anterior position of the fetus. 
L. D. P. Left dorso-posterior position of the fetus. 
L. D. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Dental 
Surgery. 
L. E. Abbreviation for left eye. 
leaching (le'tshing). Lixiviation. 
lead (led) [L. plum'bum]. A soft, grayish-blue metal 
with poisonous salts; symbol, Pb; atomic weight, 
207.2. 1. acetate (L. plum'bi ace'las), sugar of 
lead; a sweetish, white, basic salt, used in the 
preparation of lead-water, Goulard's extract, 
Goulard's cerate, etc. It is astringent, anodyne, 
and discutient. arsenate of 1. (as an insecticide), 
dissolve separately in wooden pails arsenate of 
soda (5 per cent, strength) 4 ounces in 2 quarts of 
water and acetate of lead 11 ounces in 4 quarts of 
water. Pour into 1 gallon of water. 1. bitan- 
nate. See lead tannate, black-1. See graph- 
ite. 1. carbonate (L. plum'bi. curbo'nas), ceruse; 
a basic salt, (PbCO3)2.Pb(OH)2: used as an applica- 
tion to burns and inflamed surfaces. 1. chlorid 
(L. plum'bi chlo'ridum), horn lead, PbCb: an- 
odyne and astringent. 1. chromate, a lemon- 
yellow powder, PbCrO4. Called also chrome 
yellow. 1. iodid (L. plum'bi iod'idum), a yellow, 
crystalline powder, PbL; resolvent and astringent. 
1. monoxid (L. plum'bi ox'idum), a binary com- 
pound, PbO, called litharge when crystalline and 
massicot when amorphous: much used in plasters, 
etc., and in the treatment of burns. 1. nitrate 
(L. plum'bi ni'Iras'), a sweetish, crystalline agent, 
Pb(N0s)2: astringent, detergent, and deodorant. 
1. oleate, a white powder, 3 Pb(Cigl 1^02)2: used 
in diachylon ointment, etc. 1. oxid. See I. 
monoxid and I. tetroxid. 1, phenolsulphonate, 
white needles, astringent and antiseptic, Pb(OH.- 
CeH4.SO2.O)2.5H2O: used in skin diseases. 1. 
subacetate, a basic acetate of lead. 1. tannate 
(L. plum'bi tan'nas), a yellowish-gray powder; an- 
odyne and astringent: used in ointments for bed- 
sores, etc. 1. tetroxid, red lead, or minium, 
PbsO4: it may be used like the monoxid. 
lead (led). Any one of the records made by the 
electrocardiograph, varying with the part of the 
body from which the current is led off. It is 
customary to use the following three leads: lead I, 
right arm and left arm, in which the current is 
derived largely from the base of the heart; lead II, 
right arm and left leg, corresponding essentially 
to the long axis of the heart; lead III, left arm and 
left leg, representing chiefly the left side of the 
heart. A lead is also known as a derivation. 
leading (led'ing). Lead-poison; plumbism. 
leaping-ill (le'ping-il). See thorter-ill. 
leash (lesh). A bundle of cord-like structures, as 
nerves, blood-vessels, fibers, etc. 
leben (leb'en) [Arabic], A ferment drink of Egypt 
made from the milk of cows, buffaloes, and 
goats. 
Leber's disease (la-berz') [Theodor Leber, German 
ophthalmologist, 1840-1917]. See disease. 
Lecat's gulf (le-kats') [Claude Nicolas Lecat, 
French surgeon, 1700-1768]. See gulf. 
lecibrin (les'ib-rin). A preparation of lecithin 
with nucleoprotein: used like lecithin. 
lecipon (les'ip-on). A water-soluble preparation of 
lecithin in powdered form. 
lecithalbumin (les-ith-al'bu-min). A compound 
of albumin and lecithin, found in the stomach, 
liver, kidney, lungs, and spleen. 
lecithid (les'ith-id). A compound of lecithin with 
venom hemolysin. See cobra-lecithid. 
lecithin (les'ith-in) [Gr. yolk of egg]. A 
monoaminomonophosphatid, C44H90NPO9, found 
in animal tissues, especially nerve-tissue, semen, 
yolk of egg, and in smaller amount in bile and. 
blood. It is a colorless, crystalline compound, 
soluble in alcohol, and is chemically the stearyl- 
oleylglycerophosphate of cholin. Other sub- 
stances of similar constitution are grouped as 
lecithins. The lecithins, whether of animal or 
plant origin, are said to be antivenomous. Lec- 
ithins are said to have the therapeutic properties 
of phosphorus, and have been given in rickets, dys- 
pepsia, neurasthenia, diabetes, anemia, and tuber- 
culosis. 1.-albumin, the name of a series of 
compounds of lecithin with proteins developed in. 
the stomach, kidney, liver, lungs, etc. 
lecithinase (les'ith-in-as). An enzyme which pro- 
duces disintegration of lecithin. 
lecithinose (les-ith'in-6s). A lecithin from the 
yolk of eggs: used as a nutrient. 
lecithol (les'ith-ol). A proprietary emulsion-like 
solution of lecithin. 
lecithoprotein (les"ith-o-pro'te-in). A com- 
pound of the protein molecule with a lecithin. 
Leclainche-Vallee serum. See under serum. 
Leclanche's cell (le-klan-shaz') [Georges Leclanchi, 
French physicist, 1839-1882]. See cell. 
lectual (lek'tu-al) [L. ledua'lis; lec'tus bed]. Per- 
taining to a bed or couch. 
lectulum (lek'tu-lum) [L. "a little bed"]. The nail- 
bed. 
Ledran's suture (la-drahz') [Henri Francois 
Ledran, French surgeon, 1685-1770]. See suture. 
Leduc's current (led-ooks') [Stephane Armand 
Nicolas Leduc, contemporary French physicist]. 
See current. LEECH 
598 
LEMNISCUS 
leech (letsh) [L. hiru'do]. An aquatic platyhelmian, 
Hiru'do medicina'lis: used for drawing blood. 
An aqueous therapeutic extract of the heads of 
leeches is employed to prevent the formation of 
blood-clots, etc. American 1., the Sanguisu'ga 
deco'ra, a small species sometimes used in draw- 
ing blood, artificial 1., an apparatus for draw- 
ing blood by artificial suction, horse 1. See 
Limnatis and Hcemopis. Hungarian 1., the 
Sanguisu'ga officina'lis, a species locally used in 
drawing blood, land 1. See Hcemadipsa. Swed- 
ish 1., the Sanguisu'ga medicina'lis, or official 
leech. Some species, chiefly tropical, may become 
semiparasitic upon man and animals. 
leeches, leeching (le'tshez, le'tshing). An infec- 
tious disease of horses in Florida and India, with 
local lesions on the skin, which begin with slight 
lumps, which grow in size until there is a large raw 
surface. Called also hyphomycosis destruens equi, 
and in India bursautee. 
T«ee's ganglion [Robert Lee, English physician, 
1793-1877]. See ganglion. 
lees (lez). The dregs or sediment of wine. 
Le Fort's amputation, suture (la forz) [L6on 
Clement Le Fort, French surgeon, 1829-1893]. See 
amputation and suture. 
left-handed (left-hand'ed). Using the left hand 
with more dexterity than the right. 
leg (leg). The lower extremity, especially the 
part between the knee and the ankle. Anglesey 
1., a form of jointed artificial leg; named from a 
marquis of Anglesey, badger 1., inequality in 
the length of the legs, baker-1., genu valgum, 
or knock-knee, bandy-1. Same as bow-l. 
Barbados-1., elephantiasis of the leg. bayo- 
net-1., uncorrected backward displacement of 
the bones of the leg at the knee, followed by an- 
kylosis at the joint, bird-1., reduction in size of 
the leg from atrophy of the muscles, black-1., 
■symptomatic anthrax, boomerang 1., a bone 
disease occurring among Australian natives caus- 
ing the leg to assume a shape resembling a boom- 
•erang. bow-1., genu varum; an outward cur- 
vature of the legs at the knees. 1.-holder, a 
■device for holding the legs in surgical operations; 
especially for holding the legs apart and up in 
gynecologic operations. lawn-tennis 1. See 
■coup de fouet. milk-1., phlegmasia alba do- 
lens. scissor-1., cross-leg deformity; a result 
•of double hip disease, in which the patient walks 
•cross-legged, l.-type, progressive hereditary mus- 
cular atrophy. 
Xegal's disease, test (la-galz') [Emmo Legal, 
German physician, nineteenth century]. See dis- 
ease and tests. 
Legg's disease (legz) [Arthur T. Legg, American 
surgeon, born 1874]. Osteochondritis deformans 
juvenalis. 
leg-ill (leg'il). Inflammation of the interdigital 
space of sheep, producing lameness. 
legitimacy (le-jit'im-as-e) [L. legit'imus lawful]. 
The condition of having been born in wedlock. 
legume (le'gum). The pod or fruit of a leguminous 
plant, such as peas and beans. 
legumelin (leg-u-me'lin). A protein from lentils. 
legumin (leg'u-min) [L. legu'men pulse]. A pro- 
tein from the seeds of various plants, chiefly of 
the order Legumino' see. 
Leichtenstern's phenomenon or sign (Hk'ten- 
sternz) [Michael Ludwig Leichtenstern, German 
physician, 1845-1900]. See under sign. 
leinol (li'nol). A proprietary sedative medicine. 
leiodermia (li-o-der'me-ah) [Gr. Xeios smooth + 
Seppa skin]. Abnormal glossiness and smooth- 
ness of the skin. 
leiomyoblastoma (li-o-mi-o-blas-to'mah). Leio- 
myoma. 
leiomyofibroma (li"o-mi-o-fi-bro'mah). A tumor 
with leiomatous, myomatous, and fibromatous 
elements. 
leiomyoma (li"o-mi-o'mah) [Gr. Xeios smooth + 
pvs muscle + -w/xa tumor]. Myoma composed 
of unstriped muscle-fiber. 
leiomyosarcoma (li"o-mi-o-sar-ko'mah). A sar- 
coma containing large spindle-cells of unstriped 
muscle. 
leiphemia (li-fe'me-ah) [Gr. Xdireiv to fail + ai/xa 
blood]. Thinness and poverty of the blood. 
leipo-. For words beginning thus, see those be- 
ginning lipo-. 
Leishman's cells, method, stain (lish'manz) 
[Sir William B. Leishman, British Army surgeon]. 
See cell, method, stain. 
Leishman-Donovan body (lish'man-don'o-van) 
[Sir William B. Leishman; C. Donovan, surgeon in 
Indian Medical Service]. See under body. 
Leishmania (lish-man'e-ah) [named from Sir Wil- 
liam B. Leishman, English army surgeon], i. A 
genus of flagellate protozoans parasitic in the hu- 
man and animal bodies where they are found as 
small oval or round intracellular organisms, chiefly 
in endothelium. In artificial cultures on blood-agar 
they develop into typical flagellate herpetomonads. 
2. One of the developmental stages through which 
trypanosomes pass in their insect hosts. L. 
america'na. StxL.braziliensis. L. brazilien'- 
sis, a form morphologically identical with L. 
donovani and which causes leishmaniasis ameri- 
cana. L. donova'ni, the organism causing kala- 
azar; a species occurring in the spleen, liver, and 
bone-marrow in the form of small oval or round 
bodies (Leishman-Donovan bodies). It is probably 
transmitted by the bite of an insect, either Cimex 
rotundatus or Lamus rubeofasciatus. Called also 
Piroplasma donovani and Herpetomonas donovani. 
See kala-azar. L. farcimino'sa. See Blasto- 
myces farciminosus. L. furunculo'sa, the 
parasite which causes furunculus orientalis or 
oriental sore. It is morphologically identical with 
L. donovani and has a similar life history. L. 
infan'tum, the organism causing Mediterranean 
kala-azar or infantile splenomegaly. It is mor- 
phologically identical with L. donovani. L. med- 
iterra'nea. See L. infantum. L. nilot'ica, 
Brumpt's name for the L. tropica found in the 
keloid form of oriental sore. L. trop'ica, the 
organism causing oriental sore. 
leishmaniasis (lish-man-i'as-is). Same as leish- 
maniasis. 
leishmaniosis (lish-man-e-o'sis). Any disease due 
to infection with species of Leishmania. 1. amer- 
ica'na, a disease caused by Leishmania brazil- 
iensis. It is common in Brazil and is found also in 
Panama and in Yucatan. It is characterized by 
ulceration of the mucous membranes of the nose 
and throat and is called forest yaws and bouba 
brasiliana. It may be the same as oriental sore, 
dermal 1., oriental sore. See furunculosis 
orientalis. infantile 1. See infantile kala-azar, 
under kala-azar. naso-oral 1., espundia. vis- 
ceral 1. See kala-azar. 
Leistungskern (lis'toongs-kern) [Ger.]. The func- 
tional part or active center of a cell. 
lema (le'mah) [Gr. Xwq gum]. The meibomian 
secretion. 
Lembert's suture (lah-bars') [Antoine Lembert, 
French surgeon, 1802-1851]. See suture. 
lemco (lem'ko). A proprietary meat-extract prepa- 
ration. 
lememia (le-me'me-ah) [Gr. Xotjuos plague 4- ai^a 
blood]. The presence of plague germs in the blood. 
lemic (le'mik) [Gr. Xot^ios plague]. Pertaining to 
an epidemic disease, as the plague. 
lemmoblastic (lem-o-blas'tik). Forming or de- 
veloping into neurilemma tissue. 
lemmocyte (lem'o-sit) [Gr. XegMa sheath + kotos 
cell]. A cell derived from the neural crest and 
developing into a neurilemma cell. 
lemniscus (lem-nis'kus), pl. lemnis'ci [L.; Gr. 
X17pinerkos fillet]. A band of longitudinal sensory LEMOGRAPHY 
599 
LENTICULOTHALAMIC 
fibers in the medulla and pons extending upward 
from the decussation, passing along the outer sur- 
face of the superior cerebellar peduncle, and ter- 
minating in the thalamus. Called also fillet and 
laqueus. acoustic 1. Same as lateral I. bulbar 
1., ascending sensory fibers of the second order 
running from the medulla oblongata to the thala- 
mus and including several different tracts, gus- 
tatory 1. Same as visceral I. lateral 1., a tract 
of longitudinal fibers extending upward through the 
lateral part of the tegmental substance of the pons. 
It is formed by fibers of the corpus trapezoideum 
and runs toward the quadrigeminal region. Called 
also lateral fillet, medial 1., a band of white 
fibers arising from the gracile and cuneate nuclei, 
crossing to the opposite side in the lower part of 
the medulla oblongata, and extending upward to 
enter the optic thalamus. Called also medial 
fillet and ribbon of Reil. optic 1., the optic tract, 
spinal 1., ascending fibers of touch, temperature, 
and pain sensibility extending from the spinal cord 
to the optic thalamus. In the cord the fibers con- 
stitute two tracts, the dorsal and ventral spino- 
thalamic tracts. 1. temporalis et occipitalis, 
a cord-like bundle of nerve-fibers connecting the 
cortex of the temporal and occipital lobes of the 
brain. Called also Hoeve's bundle, trigeminal 
1., ascending sensory fibers in the pons running 
from the sensory fifth nuclei to the thalamus, 
visceral 1., ascending sensory fibers running from 
the nucleus of the solitary fasciculus to the higher 
cerebral centers. 
lemography (le-mog'raf-e) [Gr. Xotpbs plague + 
ypd^eiv to write]. A treatise on the plague or 
other epidemic disease. 
lemology (le-mol'o-je) [Gr. \oipbs plague + Xbyos 
treatise]. The science of contagious and epidemic 
diseases, especially the plague. 
lemon (lem'un). The fruit of Cit'rus limo'num, an 
aurantiaceous tree. The rind or peel of the fruit 
(lemon peel) furnishes oil of 1. (o'leum limo'nis), 
an essential oil, C10H18, which is an aromatic 
stimulant and flavoring agent. Dose, 1-5 min. 
(0.066-0.333 c.c.). Dose of spirit of lemon, 1-4 
fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.); of tincture, 1 dr. (4 c.c.). 
lemon-balm (lem'un-bahm). See Melissa. 
lemoparalysis, leemoparalysis (le"mo-par-al'- 
is-is) [Gr. \aipbs gullet + paralysis]. Paralysis 
of the gullet. 
length, dental (length). A line from the anterior 
surface of the-first premolar to the posterior sur- 
face of the last molar. 
Lenhartz treatment (len'harts) [Hermann Albert 
Dietrich Lenhartz, physician in Hamburg, 1854- 
1910]. See treatment. 
lenicet (len'is-et). A polymerized, finely divided 
acetate of aluminum preparation. 
lenigallol (len-e-gal'ol). Pyrogallol triacetate, 
(CHs CO.OhCgHg, a white, non-poisonous, in- 
soluble powder: used like pyrogallol in psoriasis 
and eczema. 
leniol (len'e-ol). A proprietary medicated emul- 
sion of cod-liver oil, for use in lung disorders. 
lenirenin (len-ir-e'nin). A mixture of lenicet, 
aluminum hydroxid, and suprarenal substances 
used in catarrh of the upper air-passages. 
lenirobin (len-e-ro'bin). Chrysarobin tetra-ace- 
tate: used in skin diseases. 
lenitive (len'it-iv) [L. leni're to soothe]. 1. De- 
mulcent or soothing. 2. A demulcent remedy. 
lenitol (len'it-ol). A proprietary petroleum prepara- 
tion for constipation. 
Lennander's operation (len-an'derz) [Karl 
Gustav Lennander, Swedish surgeon, 1857-1908]. 
See operation. 
Lennhoff's index, sign (len'hofs) [Rudolf Lenn- 
hoff, German physician, born 1866]. See index and 
sign. 
lens (lenz) [L. " lentil "]. A piece of glass or other 
transparent substance so shaped as to converge 
or scatter the rays of light, achromatic 1., a 
lens corrected for chromatic aberration, aplanatic 
1., one which serves to correct spheric aberration, 
apochromatic 1., one corrected for chromatic 
or spheric aberration, biconcave 1., concavo- 
concave 1., a lens concave on both faces, bi- 
convex 1., a lens with two convex faces, bi- 
cylindric 1., one which has both surfaces cylin- 
dric. bifocal 1., a lens with two foci, bi- 
spheric 1, a lens that is spheric on both sides. 
Briicke 1., a combination of a double convex 
and double concave lens arranged so as to give 
considerable working distance, cataract 1., a 
powerful lens for spectacles to be used after cata- 
ract operation, compound 1., one made up of 
two or more lenses, contact 1., a thin shell 
of glass bounded by concentric spheric surfaces: 
used in cases of corneal opacity or abnormal curva- 
ture of the cornea, converging 1., convex 1., 
one which brings light to a focus, convexocon- 
cave 1., one which has one convex and one concave 
surface. Coquille piano 1., a lens that is +8D 
on one side and -8D on the other. Crookes' 
1., a lens made from glass rendered opaque to the 
ultra-violet and ultra-red rays and still transparent 
to light, crossed 1., a lens with front and back 
surfaces of different curvatures, crystalline 1., 
eye-1., the transparent lenticular organ behind the 
pupil, cylindric 1., one which has one surface 
plane and another concave or convex, de- 
centered 1., one in which the visual line does not 
pass through the center, dispersing 1., con- 
cave 1., one which disperses light, immersion 
1., immersion objective. See objective, meter 1., 
a lens which will focus parallel rays at a distance of 
one meter, minus 1., a concave lens, ortho- 
scopic 1., a form of lens which gives a very flat and 
undistorted field of vision. 1.-particles, fine 
brown points of pigment on the anterior capsule of 
the lens-the vestiges of the capsulopupillary mem- 
brane of the fetus, periscopic 1., a concavocon- 
vex or concavoconcave lens, l.-pit, a pit-like in- 
volution in the ectoderm of the fetal head where 
the lens is developed, planoconcave 1., one hav- 
ing one plane and one concave side, planocon- 
vex 1., one which has one plane and one convex 
side, plus 1., a convex lens, retroscopic 1., a 
lens that is tilled inward at the top. 1. rudi- 
ment, a thickening of the ectoderm of the 
sides of the embryonic head, from which the 
lens is developed, spheric 1., one which has a 
surface which is the segment of a sphere. 1.- 
stars, star-like lines formed within the lens of the 
eye by fibers which pass from the anterior to the 
posterior surface. Stokes' 1., a combination of 
a concave cylindric and a convex cylindric lens, 
used in the diagnosis of astigmatism, toric 1., a 
lens which is cut from a torus by a cut parallel to 
its axis of formation. Such a lens has power in all 
meridians, but different amounts on the same side. 
trial-1., any one of a set of lenses used in testing 
the vision. 1.-whorl, the peculiar bowed appear- 
ance presented by the marginal portion of the lens 
in meridional sections. 
lenticel (len'tis-el). A lens-shaped gland, especially 
one of those at the base of the tongue. 
lenticonus (len-tik-o'nus) [L. lens lens + co'nus 
cone]. An exaggerated curvation of the crystal- 
line lens, producing a conic bulging. It may be either 
anterior or posterior, according to the surface affected. 
lenticula (ien-tik'u-lah) [LJ. i. The lenticular nu- 
cleus. 2. A freckle. 
lenticular (len-tik'u-lar) [L. lenticula'ris]. Per- 
taining to or shaped like a lens. 
lenticulo-optic (len-tik"u-lo-op'tik). Pertaining 
to the lenticular nucleus and the optic thalamus. 
lenticulostriate (len-tik"u-lo-stri'at). Pertaining 
to the lenticular nucleus and the corpus striatum. 
lenticulothalamic (len-tik"u-lo-thal-am'ik). Re- 
lating to the lenticular nucleus and the optic 
thalamus. LENTIFORM 
600 
LEPTOMONAS 
lentiform (len'tif-orm). 1. Shaped like a lens. 
2. A lens-shaped medicinal tablet. 
lentigo (len-ti'go), pl. lenti'gines [L. freckle]. 1. A 
freckle; a small local pigmentation of the skin. 
2. A small nevus. 
lentigomelanosis (len-ti"go-mel-an-o'sis) [len- 
tigo. + melanosis]. A malignant disease of the skin 
of the face originating in freckles. 
lent in (len'tin). Colorless crystalline powder, meta- 
diaminobenzene, C6H4(NH2)2.2HC1: used as an 
intestinal antiseptic. 
lentitis (len-ti'tis). Inflammation of the eye-lens; 
phakitis. 
lentocalin (len-to-ka'lin). A preparation of the 
lens of the eye of animals: used in senile cataract. 
Leo's test (la'oz) [Hans Leo, German physician, 
born 1854]. See under tests. 
leonotis (le-o-no'tis). See dagga. 
leontiasis (le-on-ti'as-is) [Gr. Xewv lion]. 1. A 
bilateral and symmetric hypertrophy of the bones 
of the face and skull, leading to a lion-like facial 
expression. Called also I. ossea or I. ossium. 2. 
The facies leonina of leprosy. 
leontodin. (le-on'to-din). A concentration pre- 
pared from the root of the dandelion: tonic, chola- 
gogue, aperient, and diuretic. Dose, 2-4 gr. (0.133- 
0.266 gm.). 
Leontodon (le-on'to-don) [Gr. Xewv lion + bbovs 
tooth]. See Taraxacum. 
Leopold's law (la'o-poldz) [Christian Gerhard 
Leopold, German physician, 1846-1911]. See law. 
leotropic (le-o-trop'ik) [Gr. Xalos left + rpbnos 
turning]. Running spirally from right to left. See 
dexiotropic. 
leper (lep'er). A person afflicted with leprosy. 
lepidic (le-pid'ik) [Gr. Xevris scale]. Pertaining to 
scales. A term applied by Adami to the lining 
membrane tissues of the embryo. 
lepidoma (le-pid-o'mah) [Gr. Xenix scale + -a pa 
tumor]. A tumor derived from lepidic tissue. 
lepidophyton (lep"id-o-fi'ton) [Gr. Xeirfs scale + 
<pvrbv plant]. A fungus said to be the cause of 
Tokelau ring-worm. 
Lepidoptera (le-pid-op'ter-ah). An order of in- 
sects including the butterflies and moths. 
Lepidoselaga (lep-id-o-sel-ag'ah). A genus of the 
tabanid flies. L. lepido'ta is the common "motuca 
fly" of Brazil. 
lepidosis (lep-id-o'sis) [Gr. Xenix scale]. Any scaly 
eruption. 
lepine (le'pin). A proprietary mixture of nine anti- 
septics. 
lepocyte (lep'o-sit) [Gr. Xenos rind + kIttos cell]. 
Any nucleated cell having a cell-wall. 
lepothrix (lep'o-thriks) [Gr. Xenos scale + Opt^ 
hair]. A condition due to a microbe, in which the 
hairs and lanugo become covered with scales; often 
associated with red chromidrosis. 
lepra, (lep'rah) [Gr. Xenpa leprosy]. Leprosy; also 
psoriasis. See leprosy. 1. al'ba, leprosy with 
more or less leukopathy, or absence of pigment 
from the skin. 1. al'phos. See psoriasis. 1. 
anaesthet'ica, leprosy with anesthetic spots. 1. 
ar'abum, true leprosy. 1. conjuncti'vae, leprosy 
with lesions of the conjunctiva. 1. graeco'rum, 
a term vaguely applied to various diseases bear- 
ing more or less resemblance to true leprosy. 1. 
maculo'sa, leprosy characterized by spots of 
skin pigmentation. 1. mu'tilans, leprosy in its 
final stages, with mutilation of the extremities. 
1. nervo'rum, leprosy with nervous complica- 
tions. 1. tau'rica, Cossack or Crimean leprosy, 
tubercular 1., leprosy with the formation of 
nodules in the skin. Willan's 1., psoriasis. 
lepraphobia (lep-rah-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Xenpa leprosy 
+ <pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of leprosy. 
leprid (lep'rid). A leprous skin lesion. 
leprolin (lep'ro-lin). A preparation of the toxin of 
the lepra bacillus, said to be curative of leprosy. 
leprologist (lep-rol'o-jist). An expert in the study 
and treatment of leprosy. 
leprology (lep-rol'o-je). The study of leprosy. 
leproma (lep-ro'mah). A leprous tumor or swelling; 
one of the nodules of leprosy. 
leprosarium (lep-ro-sa're-um). Same as leprosery. 
leprosery (lep'ros-er-e) [L. leprosa'rium]. A hos- 
pital or colony for lepers. 
leprosy (lep'ro-se) [L. le'pra]. A chronic, trans- 
missible disease, due to a specific microbe, the 
Myobacterium le'pra. It is a constitutional dis- 
order, accompanied in its beginnings with fever, 
chills, etc. The lesions consist of either well-defined 
patches of macular erythema {macular I.) or blebs, 
followed by the development of anesthetic patches 
of cicatricial tissue {atrophic I.), with atrophy of 
the skin and loss of the hair; or else of nodules and 
tubercles {tubercular I.), which may either become 
absorbed or ulcerate. In both varieties atrophy 
may be followed by deformity and mutilation of 
the digits. Other parts than the skin may become 
involved, especially the larynx, conjunctiva, nerves, 
viscera, and bones. Called also lepra and elephan- 
tiasis gracorum. anesthetic 1., a variety of 
leprosy marked by hyperesthesia, followed by 
anesthesia, paralysis, ulceration, and gangrene. 
Asturian 1., pellagra. Italian 1., pellagra. 
Kabyle 1., an hereditary disease of Kabyle, prob- 
ably tertiary syphilis, macular 1. See under lep- 
rosy. nodular 1., a form of leprosy marked by the 
development of masses of granulation tissue, called 
leproma, which may appear superficially, causing 
great distortion, rat 1., a leprosy-like disease 
affecting rats, trophoneurotic 1., anesthetic 
leprosy, white 1., macular leprosy. 
leprotic (lep-rot'ik). Pertaining to leprosy; leprous, 
leprous (lep'rus) [L. lepro'sus]. Pertaining to or 
affected with leprosy. 
leptandra (lep-tan'drah) [Gr. Xctttos thin + av-qp 
anther]. Culver's root; the rhizome and rootlets 
of Veron'ica virgin'ica. It is aperient, cholagogue, 
and tonic, and is used like podophyllum in chronic 
constipation, indigestion, etc. Dose of extract, 
gr- (0.066-0.2 gm.); of fluidextract, 20-60 min. 
(i-333-4 c.c.). 
leptandrin (lep-tan'drin). A bitter glucosid from 
leptandra, whose active properties it possesses. 
Dose, 4 gr. (0.016-0.26 gm.). 
leptinol (lep'tin-ol). A preparation of colloidal 
palladium hydrate: used for reducing obesity. 
leptocephalus (lep-to-sef'al-us) [Gr. Xeirros slen- 
der + KeipaXq head]. A monster with an abnor- 
mally small head. 
leptochromatic (lep"to-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. Xenros 
delicate fl- chromatin]. Having a fine chromatin 
network. 
lepto'dera pel'lio. Same as rhabditis genitalis. 
leptodermic (lep-to-der'mik) [Gr. Xenros slender 
+ Seppa skin]. Thin skinned. 
leptomeninges (lep"to-me-nin'jes) [Gr. Xen-rbs 
slender + prjviy^ membrane]. The pia and arach- 
noid together. 
leptomeningitis (lep"to-men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. XerrTos 
thin + pqviyl; membrane + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the pia and arachnoid of the brain 
or spinal cord. Leptomeningitis is variously qual- 
ified as acute, basilar, cerebrospinal, chronic, epi- 
demic, external, infantile, intracranial, purulent, 
non-purulent, serous, tubercular, etc. 1. exter'na. 
Same as arachnitis. 1. inter'na, inflammation 
of the pia mater. 
Leptomitus (lep-tom'it-us). A genus of mycetic 
fungi. L. epider'midis has been found in pustules 
on the hand. L. uroph'ilus has been found in the 
urine. L. vagi'na causes a chronic vaginitis. 
Leptomonas (lep-to-mo'nas). See Herpetomonas. leptopellic (lep-to-pel'ik) [Gr. XerrTos narrow + 
ireXXa bowl]. Having a narrow pelvis. 
leptophonia (lep-to-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. Xstttos thin + 
ipwi) voice]. Weakness or feebleness of the voice. 
leptoprosope (lep-top'ro-sop) [Gr. Xeirrbs thin + 
irpbowirov face]. A person with slender features, 
round, open orbits, long nose, narrow nostrils, and 
small mouth. 
leptorhine (lep'to-rin) [Gr. Xeirrbs thin + pls nose]. 
Having a slender proboscis or nose. 
Leptospira (lep-to-spi'rah) [Gr. Xeirros thin + 
aireipa coil]. A genus of spirochetes characterized 
by minute elementary spirals running through the 
body, by the absence of flagella, and by great flex- 
ibility of the terminal portion of the organism. 
L. hebdom'idis. Same as Spirochceta hebdom- 
idis. L. icterohaemorrha'giae, a species caus- 
ing infectious jaundice (Weil's disease). The 
organism is now called Spironema icterohemor- 
rhagice. L. icteroi'des, a species believed to be 
the cause of yellow fever. 
leptothricosis (lep-to-thri-ko'sis). Infection with 
any leptothrix. 1. conjuncti'vae, Parinaud's 
conjunctivitis. 
Leptothrix (lep'to-thriks) [Gr.Xenros slender + Opl^ 
hair], A genus of Trichomycetes, consisting of 
simple slender threads without branching. L. 
asteroi'des, a species from a tumor near the ear 
and from a metastatic retropharyngeal abscess: 
polymorphous; made up of bundles of filamentous 
rods, often forming pseudothreads, strands, or con- 
tinuous membranes: pathogenic. L. bucca'lis, 
a form from the tartar of the teeth, the mouth, etc.; 
from typhus stools, gangrene of the lung, etc. L. 
cunic'uli, a species from an infectious disease of 
rabbits: pathogenic. L. filifor'mis, a species 
from the uterus, pericardium, and pleura of a dis- 
eased rabbit: in non-motile, thread-like bacilli 
with rounded ends: its injection causes pleurisy and 
pericarditis in rabbits. L. gigan'tea, a much 
larger species from the teeth of cattle and sheep. 
L. innomina'ta, a species from the mouth and 
from tartar of neglected teeth: said to cause caries 
of the teeth. 
Lep to trichia (lep-to-trik'e-ah). A genus of bac- 
terial organisms growing in long, thick unbranched 
threads which are often clubbed at one end and 
tapering at the other. The threads may fragment 
into bacillary forms. L. bucca'lis, a non- 
pathogenic species found in the healthy mouth. 
It produces a golden-yellow pigment on culture 
media. Called also VignaTs bacillus. 
Leptotrombid'ium akamu'shi. The insect 
which carries the infection of tsutsugamushi dis- 
ease. 
leptuntic (lep-tun'tik) [Gr. Xeirrbueiv to thin]. A 
medicine that thins the blood. 
Leptus (lep'tus) [L.]. A genus of acari, or mites; 
the harvest-mites. L. akamu'shi. See Lepto- 
trombidium. L. america'nus, L. irritans, and L. 
autumna'lis sometimes burrow under the skin, 
causing irritation and pruritus. 
Lerch's percussion [Otto Lerch, contemporary 
physician in New Orleans]. See percussion. 
leresis (ler-e'sis) [Gr. Xhprims}. Insane or senile 
loquacity or garrulousness. 
Leroux's method (ler-ooz') [Laurent Charles 
Pierre Leroux, French accoucheur, 1730-1792]. 
See under method. 
Lesage's bacillus (les-azh') [Adolphe Auguste 
Lesage, physician in Paris, born 1862]. See 
bacillus. 
lesbian love (les'be-an). Same as sapphism. 
lesbianism (les'be-an-izm). Same as sapphism. 
Lesieur-Privey sign (leh'se-er-pre-va'e) [C. 
Lesieur and Paul Privey, French physicians.] Same 
as albuminoreaction. 
lesion (le'zhun) [L. la'sio; Iced'ere to hurt]. Any 
hurt, wound, or local degeneration, coarse 1., 
LEPTOPELLIC 
601 
molar 1. Same as macroscopic I. degenera- 
tive 1., one which is caused by or characterized 
by degeneration, depressive 1., one that causes 
diminution of functional activity, destructive 
1., one which leads to the obliteration of an organ 
or the abolishment of its functions, diffuse 1., 
one that spreads widely and irregularly, dis- 
charging 1., a lesion attended with great and 
sudden liberation of energy, disseminated 1., 
one that involves a number of separate spots. 
Ebstein's 1., hyaline degeneration and insular 
necrosis of epithelial cells of the renal tubercles in 
diabetes mellitus. focal 1., one that has a small 
area and definite limits, functional 1., one which 
leads to no obvious or discoverable change of 
structure, but which causes disturbances of func- 
tion. Ghon's primary 1., a bean-shaped 
shadow in the roentgenogram of the lung seen in 
pulmonary tuberculosis of children, gross 1., a 
lesion that is visible to the naked eye. histologic 
1., microscopic 1., minute 1., one that is dis- 
coverable only by the microscope, impaction 
1., an osteopathic term for a lesion of any spinal 
joint in which there is present abnormal thickening 
of the intervertebral disk with approximation of all 
the bony parts, indiscriminate 1., a lesion 
affecting distinct parts of systems of the body, 
initial syphilitic 1., true or hard chancre, irri- 
tative 1., one which stimulates the functions of the 
part where it is situated, local 1., one in the ner- 
vous system giving origin to distinctive local symp- 
toms. macroscopic 1., one that is attended by 
changes obvious to the unaided eye. mixed 1. See 
indiscriminate I. molecular 1., a lesion not visible 
even with the aid of a microscope, nervous 1., 
one which affects nervous tissue, organic 1. 
Same as structural I. partial 1., one which in- 
volves a part only of an organ or of the diameter 
of a conducting tract, peripheral 1., a lesion of 
the nerve-endings, structural 1., one that pro- 
duces an obvious change in a tissue, systemic 1., 
one limited to a system or set of organs with a 
common function, total 1., one involving the 
whole of an organ or of the diameter of a conduct- 
ing tract, toxic 1., one due to a poison, trau- 
matic 1., a wound or injury, trophic 1., a path- 
ologic change originating in the capillary system, 
and consisting originally in an excess or deficiency 
of the particles of blood in the processes of assim- 
ilation, absorption, and the like, vascular 1., 
one which affects a vessel or vessels. 
Lesshaft's space or triangle (les'hafts) [Pyotr 
Frantsovich Lesshaft, Russian physician, born 
1839]. See space. 
lethal (le'thal) [L. letha'lis, from le'thum death]. 
Deadly; fatal. 
lethality (le-thal'it-e). The ratio of deaths from 
a given disease to existing cases of that disease. 
lethargus (le-thar'gus) [Gr. X^apyos drowsiness]. 
Nelavan, or African sleeping sickness; a disease 
associated with a form of filariasis. 
lethargy (leth'ar-je) [Gr. X^Sapyia, from Xn^ for- 
getfulness]. Stupor or coma; also a hypnotic 
trance. African 1. See Congo trypanosomiasis, 
under trypanosomiasis, induced 1., hypnotic 
trance. 
lethe (le'the) [Gr. X^Ot; oblivion]. Amnesia; com- 
plete loss of memory. 
lethin (le'thin). A proprietary mixture of alco- 
hol, camphor, chloroform, and ethereal oil: ano- 
dyne. 
lethologica (leth-o-loj'ik-ah) [Gr. Xi^t? forgetful- 
ness + Xoyos word]. Inability to remember the 
proper word. 
lettuce (let'us). See Lactuca. 
Leube's extract of beef (loy'bez) [Wilhelm O. 
von Leube, German physician, 1843-1922]. See 
under extract. 
leucein (lu-se'in). One of a series of compounds 
related to leucin, but having two atoms less of 
hydrogen in the molecule. 
LEUCEIN leucemia, leucaemia (lu-se'me-ah). Seeleukemia. 
leucin (lu'sin) [Gr. XevKos white]. A crystallizable 
amino-acid, C8H13NO2 = (CH3)2CH.CH2CHNH2.- 
COOH, or amino-isocaproic acid, formed by the 
digestion or hydrolytic cleavage of protein and 
found normally in the spleen and pancreas, in 
various tissues, and in the urine in disease, espe- 
cially in cases of acute yellow atrophy of the liver 
(Proust, 1818; Braconnot, 1820). In the liver it is 
converted into urea. 
leucine thy lester (lu-sin-eth-il-es'ter). An oily 
liquid, (CH3)2.CH.CH2.CH(NH2).CO2.C2H8. 
leucinimid (lu-sin-im'id). The anhydrid of leucin, 
CuHzjN^, a decomposition product of certain 
proteins. 
leucinosis (lu-sin-o'sis). Any condition in which 
leucin appears in the urine. 
leucinuria (lu-sin-u're-ah) [leucin 4" Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of leucin in the urine. 
leucitis (lu-si'tis). Same as scleritis. 
leuco-. For words thus beginning, see leuko-. 
Leucoium (lu-ko'i-um) [L.; Gr. XevKos white 4- lov 
violet]. A genus of old-world amaryllidace- 
ous plants. L. cesti'vum and L. ver'num (called 
snowflake) are common in garden culture: 
emetic and poisonous. 
Leuconostoc (lu-ko-nos'tok) [L.; Gr. XtvKos white 
4- Nostoc a genus of fungoid plants]. A genus 
of schizomycetes. L. mesenterioi' des converts 
cane-sugar into glucose and glucose into dextrin. 
It occurs in chains of hyaline cocci, in tough, 
whitish zobgleal masses. 
leucotin (lu-ko'tin). An alkaloid, C21H20Oc, from 
paracoto. 
Leudet's tinnitus (led-az') [Theodor Emile 
Leudet, physician at Rouen, 1825-1887]. See 
tinnitus. 
leukanemia (lu-kan-e'me-ah) [leukemia + ane- 
mia]. A disease marked by the blood conditions of 
both lymphatic leukemia and pernicious anemia 
(Leube, 1900). 
leukasmus (lu-kaz'mus) [Gr. Xcvkos white]. Al- 
binism; also leukoderma. 
leukemia, leukaemia (lu-ke'me-ah) [Gr. Xcvkos 
white 4- atpa blood]. A fatal disease with a 
marked increase in the number of leukocytes in 
the blood, together with enlargement and pro- 
liferation of the lymphoid tissue of the spleen, 
lymphatic glands, and bone-marrow. The dis- 
ease is attended with progressive anemia, internal 
hemorrhage (as into the retina, etc.), and in- 
creasing exhaustion, aleucemic 1;, aleuke- 
mic 1., pseudoleukemia, aleukocythemic 1., 
leukemia with no increase in the total white cells 
of the blood. amygdaline 1., a form asso- 
ciated with disease of the tonsils, aplastic 
1., leukemia with diminution of both red and 
white cells with an increase of the proportion of 
large atypic leukocytes. 1. cu'tis, the formation 
of skin lesions during the course of leukemia. 
Frankel's 1., acute leukemia with long mono- 
nuclear lymphocytes, hepatic 1., a form due to 
disorder of the liver, intestinal 1., that which 
is associated with intestinal disease, lieno- 
myelogenous 1., that which is due to disease of 
the spleen and bone-marrow, lymphatic 1., 
that which is associated with disease of the lym- 
phatic organs, medullary 1., myelogenic 1., 
that which is due to disease of the bone-marrow, 
mixed 1., myelocytic leukemia, monocytic 1., 
leukemia in which the leukocytes are of the mono- 
cytic form (large mononuclears and transitionals). 
myelocytic 1., leukemia with the presence of leu- 
kocytes of both myeloid and lymphoid origin, my- 
eloid 1., leukemia in which the myeloid tissues of 
the body are affected, polymorphocyte 1., a 
variety affecting the bone-marrow, especially with 
obliteration of many of the small blood-vessels, 
splenic 1., that which is associated with splenic 
enlargement, splenomedullary 1., spleno- 
LEUCEMIA 
602 
myelogenous 1. Same as lienomyelogenous I. 
symptomatic 1., temporary 1., leukocytosis, 
leukemic (lu-ke'mik). Pertaining to or affected 
with leukemia. 
leukemoid (lu-ke'moid). Resembling leukemia. 
leukexosis (lu-kek-so'sis). An aggregation of dead 
leukocytes in one of the eliminating channels of the 
body. 
leukin (lu'kin). i. An endocellular bactericidal 
substance which can be extracted from leukocytes. 
Called also leukocytic alexin and leukocytic endo- 
lysin. 2. See leucin. 
leuko-agglutinin (lu"ko-ag-lu'tin-in). An agglu- 
tinin which acts upon a leukocyte. 
leukoblast (lu'ko-blast) [Gr. Xeuxos white + PXaa- 
tos germ]. An immature leukocyte. 
leukocidin (lu-ko-si'din) [leukocyte + L. ca^dere 
to kill]. A substance destructive to leukocytes. 
leukocytal (lu-ko-si'tal). Pertaining to the leu- 
kocytes. 
leukocyte (lu'ko-sit) [Gr. Xcvkos white + kvtos 
cell]. Any colorless, ameboid cell-mass, such as 
a white blood-corpuscle, pus-corpuscle, lymph- 
corpuscle, or wandering connective-tissue cell. 
A leukocyte consists of a colorless granular mass 
of protoplasm, having ameboid movements, and 
varying in size between 0.005 and 0.015 mm. in 
diameter. The following varieties of leukocytes are 
distinguished: (1) Small mononuclear l's, or lym- 
phocytes, possessing a relatively large nucleus; 
(2) large mononuclear l's, containing a large round 
or oval nucleus surrounded by a zone of proto- 
plasm; (3) transitional mononuclear l's, differing 
from the large mononuclears only in having a 
horseshoe-shaped nucleus; (4) the polymorpho- 
nuclear or polynuclear neutrophil l's, finely granu- 
lar oxyphil cells with an irregularly shaped nu- 
cleus; (5) eosinophil l's, coarsely granular eosino- 
phil cells with a lobed nucleus; (6) basophil 
l's, or mast-cells, having their origin in lymphoid 
tissue and found only rarely in the blood; (7) 
myelocytes, or marrow-cells, occurring in bone- 
marrow, but found in the blood only in pathologic 
conditions, alpha-1., a leukocyte which under- 
goes dissolution during coagulation of the blood. 
beta-1., a leukocyte which does not undergo dis- 
solution during coagulation of the blood. 1. 
extract. See under extract, hyaline 1., a 
large mononuclear cell of the blood found in small 
numbers in normal blood, but increased in number 
in certain diseases. Turek's irritation 1. See 
plasma-cell, under cell. 
leukocythemia (lu"ko-si-the'me-ah) [Gr. XevKos 
white + kvtos cell 4~ al pa blood]. Leukemia. 
leukocytic (lu-ko-sit'ik). Pertaining to leukocytes, 
leukocytoblast (lu-ko-si'to-blast) [leukocyte + Gr. 
PXaarbs germ], A cell from which a leukocyte 
develops. 
leukocytogenesis (lu"ko-si-to-jen'es-is) [leuko- 
cyte -|- Gr. yereais production]. The formation 
of leukocytes. 
leukocytoid (lu'ko-si-toid) [leukocyte 4- Gr. e*3os 
form]. Resembling a leukocyte. 
leukocytology (lu"ko-si-tol'o-je). The study of 
leukocytes. 
leukocytolysin (lu"ko-si-tol'is-in). A lysin which 
causes dissolution of leukocytes: called also leu- 
kolysin. 
leukocytolysis (lu"ko-si-tol'is-is) [leukocyte + 
Gr. Xixns solution]. The breaking down or de- 
struction of leukocytes, venom 1., destruction of 
leukocytes with snake-venom. 
leukocy to lytic (lu"ko-si-to-lit'ik). Destroying leu- 
kocytes. 
leukocytoma (lu"ko-si-to/mah) [leukocyte 4- Gr. 
-wpa tumor]. A tumor-like mass of leukocytes, 
leukocytometer (lu"ko-si-tom'et-er) [leukocyte 
4- Gr. nerpov measure]. An instrument used in 
counting the leukocytes. 
LEUKOCYTOMETER leukocytopenia (lu"ko-si-to-pe'ne-ah) [leukocyte 
+ Gr. ire via. poverty]. Decrease in the number of 
leukocytes in the blood. 
leukocytoplania (lu"ko-si-to-pla'ne-ah) [leuko- 
cyte + Gr. TtXdvq wandering]. The wandering 
of leukocytes or their passage through a mem- 
brane. 
leukocytosis (lu"ko-si-to'sis). A temporary in- 
crease in the number of leukocytes in the blood. 
It occurs normally during digestion and in preg- 
nancy, and is seen as a pathologic condition in 
inflammation, traumatic anemia, various fevers, 
etc. absolute 1., increase in the total number of 
leukocytes in the blood, active 1., one in which 
the increased leukocytes are capable of spontaneous 
movement and of active emigration into the 
blood, agonal 1., leukocytosis occurring just be- 
fore death, basophilic 1., increase of the mast- 
cells in the blood, digestive 1., leukocytosis oc- 
curring normally after eating, mononuclear 1., 
mononucleosis, passive 1., leukocytosis in which 
the increased leukocytes are not capable of motion 
and have been washed into the blood by mechan- 
ical forces, pure 1., increase of the multinuclear 
leukocytes of the blood, relative 1., increase in 
the proportion of any variety of leukocytes in the 
blood, without increase of the total number of 
leukocytes, terminal 1., that which occurs in 
moribund states, toxic 1., leukocytosis occurring 
in intoxication with blood poisons. 
leukocytotactic (lu"ko-si-to-tak'tik). Pertaining 
to or marked by leukotaxis. 
leukocytotaxis (lu"ko-si-to-taks'is). Same as 
leukotaxis. 
leukocytotherapy (lu"ko-si-to-ther'ap-e). Treat- 
ment by the administration of leukocytes. 
leukocy to toxin (lu"ko-si-to-toks'in). A toxin 
which destroys leukocytes. 
leukocytozoa (lu"ko-si-to-zo'ah) [Gr. Xcvkos white 
+ kvtos cell + '^dov animal]. Amebae said to in- 
fest the blood in leukemia. 
Leukocytozoon (lu-ko-si-to-zo'on). A genus of 
sporozoan parasites found in the blood-cells of 
birds. L. danilews'kyi, a species found in the 
little owl (Glaucidium noctuae) and in the wood- 
owl (Symium aluco). Its invertebrate host is the 
mosquito, Culex pipens. L. maclean'i, a species 
found in the common pheasant (Phasianus col- 
chicus). L. pal'lidum. See Koss's bodies, under 
body. L. Sakharof'fl is found in the crow (Cor- 
vus comix). L. smit'hi is found in the domes- 
tic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). L. syphil'- 
idis, a sporogenic coccidioidal protozobn believed 
by McDonough to be the cause of syphilis, the 
Spirochata pallida being one stage of its life-cycle, 
leukocyturia (lu"ko-si-tu're-ah) [leukocyte + 
Gr. ovpov urine]. The discharge of leukocytes 
in the urine. 
leuko-derivative (lu"ko'de-riv/at-iv). Any white 
derivative from a pigment or coloring-matter. 
leukoderma, leukodermia (lu-ko-der'mah, lu- 
ko-der'me-ah) [Gr. Xewos white + Seppa skin]. 
Abnormal whiteness, or albinism, in patches; a 
congenital lack of normal pigmentation of the 
skin, especially that which is partial: if acquired, 
the condition is called vitiligo. 
leukodextrin (lu-ko-deks'trin). A compound 
formed in the transformation of starch into sugar, 
leukodiagnosis (lu"ko-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis 
based on the number, varieties, or specific sensi- 
tiveness of leukocytes. 
leuko-encephalitis (Iu"ko-en-sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. Xev- 
Kos white + eyKeipaXos brain]. Forage poisoning; 
a contagious disease of horses, the lesion of which 
is softening of the white matter of the brain. 
It is marked by drowsiness, dimmed vision, un- 
steady gait, and paralysis of the throat. 
leukofermantin (lu-ko-fer-man'tin). A pro- 
prietary antiferment used in suppurative condi- 
tions to counteract the leukoferment of the pus. 
LEUKOCYTOPENIA 
603 
leukoferment (lu-do-fer'ment). A ferment that 
digests or disintegrates leukocytes. 
leukogen (lu'ko-jen). A proprietary vaccine con- 
sisting of an emulsion of dead staphylococci. 
leukokeratosis (lu"ko-ker-at-o'sis) [Gr. XevKos 
white + Kepas horn]. Same as leukoplakia. 
leukol, leukolin (lu'kol, lu'ko-lin). Same as 
quinolin. 
leukolysin (lu-kol'is-in). Same as leukocytolysin. 
leukolysis (lu-kol'is-is). Same as leukocytolysis. 
leukolytic (lu-ko-lit'ik). Pertaining to leukolysis 
or to a leukolysin. 
leukoma (lu-ko'mah) [Gr. XevKupa white of egg], 
i. Milky-white opacity of the cornea. 2. Leuko- 
plakia buccalis. 1. adhae'rens, a white tumor 
of the cornea inclosing a prolapsed adherent 
iris. 
leukomain (lu-ko'ma-in) [Gr. XevKcopa white of 
egg]. Any one of a large group of basic sub- 
stances or alkaloids normally present in the tissues 
which are products of metabolism and are probably 
excrementitious. Some of them, at least, may 
become toxic, and many are physiologically active. 
The leukomains are divided into groups: (1) the 
uric-acid group, including adenin, carnin, gerontin, 
guanin, heteroxanthin, hypoxanthin, paraxanthin, 
pseudoxanthin, spermin, and xanthin; (2) the 
creatin group, including amphicreatin, creatin, 
creatinin, chrysocreatinin, methyl-hydantoin, and 
xanthocreatinin; and (3) a miscellaneous group, 
including aromin and others. See ptomains and 
leukomains, table of. 
leukomainemia (lu"ko-ma-in-e'me-ah) [leuko- 
main + Gr. alpa blood]. Excess of leukomains 
in the blood. 
leukomainic (lu-ko-ma'in-ik). Pertaining to, 
caused by, or characterized by, a leukomain. 
leukomatous (lu-ko'mat-us). Affected with or 
of the nature of leukoma. 
leukomonocyte (lu-ko-mo'no-sit) [Gr. Xcvkos 
white + p6vos single + kvtos cell]. A lympho- 
cyte. 
leukomyelitis (lu"ko-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. XevKos white 
+ pveXos marrow + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the white substance of the spinal cord. 
leukomyelopathy (lu"ko-mi-el-op'ath-e) [Gr. 
XevKos white + pveXos marrow + TtaGos disease]. 
Any disease of the white substance of the spinal 
cord. 
leukomyoma (lu"ko-mi-o'mah). Same as lipo- 
myoma. 
leukonecrosis (lu"ko-nek-ro'sis) [Gr. XevKos white 
+ veKpwacs necrosis]. Gangrene resulting in the 
formation of a white slough. 
leukonuclein (lu-ko-nu'kle-in). An acid nucleo- 
protein derivable from nucleohiston: when con- 
jugated with histon, it again forms nucleohiston. 
leukonychia (lu-ko-nik'e-ah) [Gr. Xcvkos white + 
owl- nail]. A whitish discoloration of the nails. 
leukopathia, leukopathy (lu-ko-path'e-ah, lu- 
kop'ath-e) [Gr. Xcvkos white + irados illness]. 
1. Same as leukoderma. 2. A disease of the leuko- 
cytes or a condition produced by aggregation of 
dead leukocytes. 1. un'guium. Same as 
leukonychia. 
leukopenia (lu-ko-pe'ne-ah) [Gr. Xcvkos white + 
icivris poor]. Deficiency in the number of the 
leukocytes; hypoleukocytosis. 
leukophlegmasia (lu"ko-fleg-ma'ze-ah) [Gr. 
Xcvkos white + phlegmasia]. A variety of white, 
non-dropsical edema. Phlegmasia alba dolens, 
or milk-leg, is an example of true leukophleg- 
masia. 
leukoplakia (lu-ko-pla'ke-ah) [Gr. Xcvkos white + 
irXag plate]. A disease marked by the develop- 
ment upon the mucous membrane of the cheeks 
(I. buccalis), gums, or tongue (I. lingualis) of white, 
thickened patches which sometimes show a ten- 
LEUKOPLAKIA LEUKOPLASIA 
604 
LEYDEN JAR 
dency to fissure. It is common in smokers and 
sometimes tends to malignancy. Called also 
leukokeratosis, leukoma, smokers'• tongue, smokers' 
patches, and psoriasis of the tongue. 
leukoplasia (lu-ko-pla'ze-ah). See leukoplakia. 
leukoplastid (lu-ko-plas'tid). [Gr. Xcvkos white + 
irXdaoeiv to form]. A colorless granule of the 
plant-cells whence the starch-producing elements 
are formed. 
leukopoiesis (lu"ko-poi-e'sis). Production of 
leukocytes. 
leukopoietic (lu"ko-poi-et'ik) [leukocyte + Gr. 
iroieiv to make]. Forming or producing leuko- 
cytes. 
leukoprophylaxis (lu"ko-pro-fil-ak'sis). The in- 
crease by artificial means of the number of leuko- 
cytes in the blood in order to secure immunity to 
surgical infection. 
leukoprotease (lu-ko-pro'te-as). An enzyme found 
in the polynuclear leukocytes which splits up 
protein. 
leukopsin (lu-kop'sin) [Gr. \evKos white + eye]. 
Visual white; the colorless matter into which 
rhodopsin is changed by exposure to white light. 
It is reconvertible into rhodopsin under proper 
conditions. 
leukorrhagia (hi-ko-ra'je-ah) [Gr. XevKos white + 
-payia a breaking out]. Profuse leukorrhea. 
leukorrhea, leukorrhoea (lu-kor-e'ah) [Gr. Xcukos 
white + pola flow]. A whitish, viscid discharge 
from the vagina and uterine cavity. It is symp- 
tomatic of congestion of these parts. Called also 
whites, menstrual 1., periodic 1., leukorrhea 
in place of or along with the menses. 
leukorrhea! (lu-ko-re'al). Pertaining to or marked 
by leukorrhea. 
leukosarcoma (lu"ko-sar-ko'mah) [Gr. \cvk6s 
white + sarcoma], 1. A tumor composed of lymph- 
oid cells which are eventually poured into the blood 
in such numbers as to constitute a true leukemia 
(Sternberg). 2. Any colorless or unpigmented sar- 
coma. 
leukosarcomatosis (lu"ko-sar-ko-mat-o'sis). A 
condition marked by the development of multiple 
sarcomata composed of leukocytes. 
leukoscope (lu'ko-skop) [Gr. XevKos white + 
aKOTreiv to see]. An instrument of Helmholtz's, 
modified by A. Kbnig, for testing color-blindness. 
leukosis (lu-ko'sis). 1. An aggregation of dead or 
dying leukocytes seeking to escape from the body. 
2. Leukemia. 
leukotactic (lu-ko-tak'tik). Pertaining to leuko- 
taxis; having the power of attracting leukocytes. 
leukotaxis (lu-ko-taks'is) [Gr. Xcvkos white 4- 
ra^cs arrangement]. The cytotaxis of leuko- 
cytes. 
leukotherapy (lu-ko-ther'ap-e) [Gr. \cvk6s white 
+ Oepavreia treatment]. Treatment by the ad- 
ministration of leukocytes. 
leukothrombin (lu-ko-throm'bin) [leukocyte 4* 
thrombin]. A fibrin factor formed by the leuko- 
cytes and existing in the blood, which unites with 
hepatothrombin to form thrombin. 
leukotoxic (lu^ko-tok'sik). Destructive to leuko- 
cytes. 
leukotoxicity (lu"ko-tok-sis'it-e). Toxicity for 
leukocytes. 
leukotoxin (lu-ko-tok'sin) [leukocyte + toxin]. 
A cytotoxin destructive to the leukocytes. 
leukotrichia (lu-ko-trik'e-ah) [Gr. Xcvk6s white + 
0pi£hair]. Whiteness of the hair. 1. annula'ris, 
a condition in which the hair is ringed with white. 
leuko-urobilin (lu"ko-u-ro-bi'lin) [Gr. Xevxos white 
4- urobilin]. A product of the decomposition of 
urobilin said to occur in light-colored stools. 
leukozon (lu'ko-zon). An antiseptic mixture of 
equal parts of calcium perborate and talc. 
Levaditi's stain (lev-ad-e'tez) [Constantin Lev- 
aditi, contemporary Parisian physician]. See 
under stain. 
levator (le-va'tor) [L. "lifter"]. Any raising or 
lifting muscle. See muscles, table of. 
lever, Davy's (le'ver). A piece of wood placed in 
the rectum for pressing on an artery and arresting 
hemorrhage. 
levicellular (lev-is-el'u-lar) [L. le'vis smooth 4* 
cel'lula cell]. Smooth celled. 
levigation (lev-ig-a'shun) [L. laviga're to render 
smooth]. The grinding to a powder of a hard 
or moistened substance. 
Levisticum (le-vis'tik-um). See lovage. 
levo-. A chemical prefix which denotes that the 
compound is an optical isomer and rotates the 
plane of polarization to the left. 
levocardiogram (le"vo-kar'de-o-gram) [L. Icevus 
left + cardiogram]. That part of the normal 
cardiogram which represents the action of the left 
ventricle. 
levoduction (le-vo-duk'shun). Movement of an 
eye to the left. 
levogyration (le"vo-ji-ra'shun). A turning toward 
the right. 
levogyric, levogyrous (le-vo-ji'rik, le-vo-ji'rus) 
[L. la'vus left + gyra're to turn]. Rotating the 
rays of polarized light to the left. 
levophobia (lev-o-fo'be-ah) [L. Icevus, left + Gr. 
<pb^os fear]. Dread of objects on the left side of 
the body. 
levorotation (le-vo-ro-ta'shun). A turning to the 
left. • 
levorotatory (le-vo-ro'ta-to-re) [L. la'yus left + 
rota're to turn]. Rotating polarized light-rays to 
the left. 
levotorsion (le-vo-tor'shun). A twisting to the left, 
levoversion (le-vo-ver'shun). An act of turning 
to the left. 
Levret's forceps, law, etc. (lev-raz') [Andre 
Levret, French accoucheur, 1703-1780]. See for- 
ceps, law, etc. 
levulargyre (lev'u-lar-jir). A mercurial nucleo- 
protein extracted from brewers' yeast grown in a 
mash containing bichlorid of mercury: used in 
the cutaneous eruptions of syphilis. 
levulin (lev'u-lin). A starch-like compound, 
C6H10O5, occurring in certain plant tubers. 
levulinic acid (lev-u-lin'ik). See under acid. 
levulosan (lev-u-lo'san). A carbohydrate, CeH10- 
O5, obtained by heating levulose. 
levulose (lev'u-lbs) [L. Mvus left]. Fruit-sugar; 
a levogyrous ketohexose, CH^OHXCHOHjjCO.- 
CH2OH, in the form of a colorless, syrupy liquid, 
from fruits and honey. It occurs also in the intes- 
tines, and is sometimes found in the urine. Ordi- 
nary cane-sugar is changed into dextrose and 
levulose by digestion. Called also fructose. 
levulosemia (lev"u-lo-se'me-ah) [levulose 4- Gr. 
alpa blood]. The presence of levulose in blood. 
levulosuria (lev"u-lo-su're-ah) [levulose + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The occurrence of levulose in urine. 
levuretin (lev-u-re'tin). A preparation from beer- 
yeast: used in skin diseases and in diabetes. 
levurin (lev'u-rin). A proprietary extract of 
yeast: used in furunculosis. Daily dose, 1-2 
dr. (4-8 gm.). 
lewinin (lu'in-in) [after Lewin, its discoverer]. 
A resin from kava: a local anesthetic. Called also 
alpha-kava-resin. Internal dose, 1 j gr. (0.097 gm.). 
Lewisohn's method (lew'is-onz) [Richard Lew- 
isohn, contemporary New York surgeon]. See 
under method. 
Lexer's operation (leks'erz) [ErichLexer, contem- 
porary German surgeon]. See operation. 
Leyden jar (li'den). A jar covered with tin-foil for 
charging it with electricity. LEYDEN'S ATAXIA 
605 
LIENTERY 
Leyden's ataxia, crystals, disease, etc. 
(li'denz) [Ernst Victor von Leyden, German physi- 
cian, 1832-1910]. See ataxia, crystals, disease, etc. 
Leydenia gemmip'ara (li-de'ne-ah). A proto- 
zoan organism occasionally found in the ascitic 
fluid in cases of peritoneal cancer. 
Leydig's cells, cylinders, duct (li'digz) [Franz 
von Leydig, German anatomist, 1821-1908]. See 
under cell, cylinder, duct. 
L. F. A. The left fronto-anterior position of the 
fetus in utero. 
L. F. D. Abbreviation for least fatal dose of a toxin. 
L. F. P. The left fronto-posterior position of the 
fetus in utero. 
L. F. P. S. Licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians 
and Surgeons. 
Li. The symbol of lithium. 
lianthral (li-an'thral). A proprietary ointment- 
base containing a coal-tar extract and casein. 
Lib. Abbreviation for L. li'bra, a pound. 
libanol (lib'an-ol). The oil of Ce'drus atlan'tica, 
or satin-wood: used in gonorrhea and in bron- 
chitis and tuberculosis along with cod-liver oil. 
Dose in gonorrhea, 10 c.c. (0.6 gm.). 
liberomotor (lib"er-o-mo'tor) [L. li'ber free + 
mo'tor mover]. Pertaining to voluntary and 
conscious movements or actions. 
libidinous (lib-id'in-us) [L. libidino'sus]. Lustful 
or salacious. 
libido (lib-i'do) [L.]. Sexual desire. 
libidogen (lib-id'o-jen). A supposed erogenous 
substance secreted by the testicles. 
LiBr. Lithium bromid. 
libra (li'brah). Latin for pound and for balance. 
libradol (lib'rad-ol). A proprietary non-narcotic 
anodyne: used locally. 
lice (lis). See louse. 
Lie. Med. Licentiate in Medicine. 
lichen (li'ken) [Gr. Xeixvv lichen]. 1. Any species 
or plant of a group believed to be composed of 
symbiotic algae and fungi. 2. A papular skin 
disease of many kinds, but usually synonymous 
with lichen planus. 1. acumina'tus, a grave 
form with a papulosquamous eruption. 1. a'grius, 
a severe form of eczema. 1. annula'ris, a dis- 
ease marked by ring-shaped lesions on the fingers. 
1. circina'tus, tinea tonsurans. 1. diabet'icus, 
xanthoma diabeticum. 1. dissemina'tus, a 
form with an irregularly placed eruption. 1. ec- 
zemato'des, a papular form of eczema. 1. 
hsemorrhag'icus, a papule at the mouth of a 
hair-follicle, due to hemorrhage into the skin. 
1. infan'tum, strophulus. 1. i'ris, tinea ton- 
surans in which there are concentric rings of 
erythema. 1. liv'idus, acne scorbutica. 1. 
men'ti, sycosis barbae. 1. nit'idus, a form 
of lichen, probably of tubercular origin; character- 
ized by the formation of a granuloma without 
the usual inflammatory changes. 1. obtu'sus, 
lichen planus in which the lesions are rounded. 
1. pila'ris, a form which especially affects the 
hair-follicles; keratosis pilaris. 1. pla'nus, an 
inflammatory skin disease with wide, flat papules, 
often very persistent, and occurring in circum- 
scribed patches. 1. pla'nus ocreafor'mis, a 
form of lichen planus with a dense assemblage of 
papules surrounding each leg like a shin-guard 
(Lieberthal, 1915). 1. ru'ber, a papulosquamous 
disease with grave constitutional symptoms and 
sometimes fatal wasting: named from the red 
color of the eruption. 1. ru'ber acumina'tus, 
pityriasis rubra pilaris. 1. ru'ber monilifor'- 
mis, an eruption of papules in long lines on the 
extremities. 1. scorbu'ticus, acne scorbutica. 
1. scrofulo'sus, a form, consisting of reddish 
papules, peculiar to persons of a tuberculous di- 
athesis. 1. sim'plex, papular eczema. 1. syph- 
iliticus, a secondary syphilitic eruption, consist- 
ing of a crop of small, pointed papules. 1. trop'- 
icus, prickly heat: a form with a red, itching 
eruption. 1. urtica'tus, a papular form of 
urticaria. 
licheniasis (li-ken-i'as-is). The formation or 
development of lichen. 
lichenification (li"ken-if-ik-a'shun). The con- 
version of an eruption, such as eczema, into a 
form resembling lichen. 
lichenin (li'ken-in). A starchy, demulcent sub- 
stance, C6H10O5, from Iceland moss and various 
other lichens. Called also lichen-starch and 
moss-starch. 
lichenization (li"ken-iz-a'shun). The develop- 
ment of patches of lichen. 
lichenoid (li'ken-oid) [Gr. Xeixvv lichen + ei6os 
form], i. Resembling the disease called lichen. 
2. A disease of the tongues of young children, 
consisting of whitish patches surrounded by 
yellow rings. 
Lichtheim's sign (lisht'himz) [Ludwig Lichtheim, 
German physician, 1845-1915]. See sign. 
Lichthei'mia corymbif'era. A genus of the 
Mucoraceae. It is pathogenic for rabbits and has 
been found in man in mycosis of the lungs, ear, and 
pharynx. 
Lie. Med. Abbreviation of Licentiate in Medicine. 
Li2CO3. Lithium carbonate. 
licorice, liquorice (lik'or-is). See Glycyrrhiza. 
Lieben's test (le'benz) [Adolf Lieben, Austrian 
chemist, 1836-1914]. See under tests. 
lieberkiihn (le'ber-ken). An apparatus attached 
to the microscope for the purpose of concen- 
trating a ray of light upon a field. 
Lieberkuhn's crypts, etc. (le'ber-kenz) [Johann 
Nathanael Lieberkiihn, German anatomist, 1711- 
1765]. See crypts, etc. 
Liebermann's test (le'ber-mahnz) [Leo von 
Szentlorincz Liebermann, Hungarian physician, 
born 1852]. See under tests. 
Liebermeister's rule (le'ber-mTs-terz) [Carl von 
Liebermeister, German physician, 1833-1901]. See 
rule. 
Liebig's extract, test, theory (le'bigz) [Baron 
Justus von Liebig, German chemist, 1803-1873]. 
See extract, tests, and theory. 
lien (li'en). [B N A] Latin for spleen. 1. acces- 
so'rius [B N A], an accessory spleen. 
lienadin (li-en'ad-in) [L. li'en spleen + Gr. ab-qv 
gland]. A proprietary remedy made from the 
spleen; linaden: used in leukemia. 
lienal (li'en-al). Pertaining to the spleen. 
lienculus (li-en'ku-lus). An accessory spleen. 
lienitis (li-en-i'tis) [L. li'en spleen + -itis inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the spleen; splenitis. 
lienocele (li-e'no-sel) [L. li'en spleen + Gr. K-qX-q 
hernia]. Hernia of the spleen. 
lienomalacia (li"en-o-mal-a'se-ah). Same as spleno- 
malacia. 
lienomedullary (li"en-o-med'u-la-re). Pertaining 
to the spleen and the bone-marrow. 
lienomyelogenous (li"en-o-mi-el-oj'en-us) [L. 
li'en spleen + Gr. pveXbs marrow + yewav to pro- 
duce]. Originating in the spleen and the bone- 
marrow. 
lienomyelomalacia (li"en-o-mi"el-o-mal-a'se- 
ah) [L. li'en spleen + Gr. pve\bs marrow 4- 
paXaKla softness]. Softening of the spleen and 
bone-marrow. 
lienopancreatic (li"en-o-pan-kre-at'ik). Con- 
necting the spleen and pancreas. 
lienorenal (li"en-o-re'nal). Pertaining to the 
spleen and the kidney. 
lienotoxin (li"en-o-tok'sin) [L. li'en spleen -f- toxin]. 
Splenotoxin. 
lienteric (li-en-ter'ik). Affected by or of the 
nature of a lientery. 
lientery (li'en-ter-e) [Gr. Xeievrepla; Xeios smooth LIENUNCULUS 
606 
LIGAMENT 
+ evrepov intestine]. Diarrhea in which the stools 
contain undigested food. 
lienunculus (li-en-ung'ku-lus). A detached mass 
or exclave of splenic tissue. 
Lieutaud's body, sinus, uvula, etc. (lu-toz') 
[Joseph Lieutaud, French physician, 1703-1780]. 
See body, sinus, uvula, etc. 
life (lif) [L. vi'ta; Gr. ptos or fwi)]. The aggre- 
gate of vital phenomena; a certain peculiar stim- 
ulated condition of organized matter; that ob- 
scure principle whereby organized beings are 
peculiarly endowed with certain powers and func- 
tions not associated with inorganic matter, ani- 
mal 1., vegetative life conjoined with the employ- 
ment of the senses and with spontaneous move- 
ments. intellectual 1., mental 1., psychic 
1., that which is attended by conscious exercise 
of feelings, impulses, and will, and by reason, 
vegetative 1., that which is manifested in auto- 
matic acts requisite for the maintenance of the 
existence of the individual and the propagation 
of the species. 
ligament (lig'am-ent) [L. ligamen'turn; lig'are to 
bind]. Any tough, fibrous band which connects 
bones or supports viscera. Some of the liga- 
ments are distinct fibrous structures; others are 
folds of fascia or of indurated peritoneum; still 
others are the relics of disused fetal organs, ac- 
cessory 1., any ligament which strengthens or 
supports another, acromioclavicular 1., a liga- 
ment extending from the clavicle to the acromial 
process of the scapula, acromiocoracoid 1., a 
ligament from the acromion to the coracoid proc- 
ess, covering over the head of the humerus, 
adipose 1., a fatty and mucous fold of the synovial 
membrane of the knee-joint, alar l's. 1. Same 
as odontoid l's. 2. The two folds of synovial mem- 
brane on each side of the adipose ligament. Allan 
Barnes' 1. Same as Hey's I. annular 1., any 
ring-shaped ligament, as of the wrist or ankle, 
anococcygeal 1., a fibrous band between the 
external anal sphincter and the tip of the coccyx, 
apical odontoid 1. See odontoid l's. appendic- 
ulo-ovarian 1., a fold of mesentery extending 
between the appendix and the broad ligament. 
Arantius' 1., the remains of the ductus* venosus 
of the fetus, arcuate 1. 1. One of the arched 
ligaments which connect the diaphragm with the 
lowest ribs and the first lumbar vertebra.. 2. The 
inferior pubic ligament, arcuate popliteal 1. 
See popliteal l's. Arnold's 1., the suspensory 
ligament which connects the incus with the 
roof of the middle ear. arysantorinian l's, 
the bands of ligament joining the arytenoid car- 
tilages and the cornicula laryngis. astraga- 
localcaneal l's, the ligaments joining the 
astragalus to the os calcis. astragalonavicular 
1., a ligament joining the head of the astragalus 
to the upper surface of the scaphoid bone, atlo- 
axoid 1., a band that connects the atlas and the 
axis, atlo-occipital 1., one that connects the 
atlas to the occipital bone, auricular l's, three 
ligaments which unite the external ear to the side of 
the head. Bardinet's 1., the posterior portion of 
the internal lateral ligament of the elbow. Bar- 
kow's 1., the anterior and posterior ligaments 
of the elbow-joint. Bellini's 1., a band go- 
ing from the capsule of the hip-joint to the tro- 
chanter major. Beraud's 1., the suspensory liga- 
ment of the pericardium, extending to the third 
and fourth vertebras. Bertin's 1., Bigelow's 
1., the iliofemoral ligament. Bichat's 1., the 
lower bundle of the posterior sacro-iliac ligament, 
bifurcate 1., one of the dorsal tarsal ligaments 
♦ connecting the antero-internal angle of the cal- 
caneus with the dorsal surfaces of the cuboid 
bones. Borgery's 1., the oblique popliteal liga- 
ment. Botal's 1., the persistent remains of 
the ductus arteriosus, brachiocubital 1., 
the internal lateral ligament of the elbow-joint, 
brachioradial 1., the external lateral liga- 
ment of the elbow-joint, broad 1. 1. The 
peritoneal fold which supports the uterus on 
either side. 2. The suspensory ligament of the 
liver. 3. Same as ligamentum latum pulmonis. 
Brodie's 1., the transverse humeral ligament. 
Burns' 1., the falciform process of the fascia lata, 
calcaneo-astragaloid l's (external, posterior, 
and interosseous), three ligaments which connect 
the calcaneum and astralagus. calcaneo-cuboid 
l's (long, short, inferior, and superior), four liga- 
ments which unite the calcaneum and cuboid 
bones to one another, calcaneofibular 1., con- 
nects the calcaneum to the fibula; the external 
lateral ligament of the ankle, calcaneonavicu- 
lar 1., calcaneoscaphoid l's (superior and 
inferior), two ligaments which connect the cal- 
caneum and scaphoid bones, calcaneotibial 1., 
joins the calcaneum to the tibia; the deltoid 
ligament of the ankle. Caldani's 1., a band 
going from the inner border of the coracoid 
process to the lower border of the clavicle, the 
first rib, and the tendon of the subclavius. Cam- 
per's 1., the deep perineal fascia, canthal l's, 
the external and internal palpebral ligaments, 
capitular l's, two ligaments reinforcing the 
tibiofibular articulation anteriorly and posteriorly, 
capsular 1., the tough fibrous sac that surrounds 
every joint. The inner surface is lined with syno- 
vial membrane. Carcassonne's 1., the tri- 
angular ligament of the urethra, cardinal 1., 
any one of a number of fibrous bands extending 
through the base of the broad ligament of the 
uterus, carpometacarpal l's, the ligaments 
joining the carpal and metacarpal bones, central 
1. Same as filum terminate, cervical l's, two 
ligaments-the anterior connecting the occipital 
bone with the bodies of the cervical vertebrae; 
the posterior being the ligamentum nuchae. check- 
I's, the odontoid ligaments, chondroxiphoid 
l's, fibrous bands extending upward and outward 
from the anterior and posterior surfaces of the 
xiphoid cartilage to the corresponding surfaces of 
the seventh costal cartilage, ciliary 1., the 
structure which joins the iris to the corneo- 
sclera. Clado's 1., the appendiculo-ovarian 
ligament. Cloquet's 1., Haller's habenula: the 
peristent relic of a fetal canal connecting the 
tunica vaginalis with the peritoneal cavity. Colles' 
1., a portion of the aponeurosis of the external 
oblique muscle, extending from Poupart's ligament 
to the lineaalba. conoid 1., the inner part of the 
coracoclavicular ligament. Cooper's 1. 1. A fold 
of the fascia transversalis attached to the iliopec- 
tineal eminence and spine of the pubis. 2. A set 
of arciform fibers connecting the base of the olec- 
ranon with the coronoid process on the inner 
aspect of the elbow-joint. Cooper's suspensory 
l's, fibrous processes connecting the external 
capsule of the mammary gland with the skin, 
coraco-acromial 1., a triangular ligament from 
the tip of the acromial process to the outer surface 
of the coracoid process of the scapula, coraco- 
clavicular 1., one connecting the clavicle to the 
coracoid process, coracohumeral 1., a liga- 
ment connecting the coracoid process of the scapula 
and the upper posterior part of the capsule of the 
shoulder-joint and the upper part of the humerus, 
coracoid 1., a ligament extending from the cora- 
coid process to the suprascapular notch, iorming 
the scapular foramen, corniculopharyngeal 
1. Same as jugal I. coronary 1. 1. A peri- 
toneal fold extending from the posterior border of 
the liver to the diaphragm. 2. Ligamentous fibers 
binding the semilunar cartilages to the head of the 
tibia. 3. The annular ligament of the radius, 
costocentral 1., the ligament fastening the head 
of a rib to the body of a vertebra, costoclavicu- 
lar 1. Same as rhomboid I. costocolic 1., a fold 
that attaches the spleen to the diaphragm. COS- 
tocoracoid 1., a ligament that attaches the first 
rib to the coracoid process, costopericardiac 
1., a ligament joining the upper costosternal 
articulation with the pericardium, costosternal 
1., a ligament binding the edges of the cartilages of LIGAMENT 
607 
LIGAMENT 
the true ribs to the sternum, costotransverse 1., 
one of the ligaments joining the ribs to the adjacent 
transverse processes of the dorsal vertebrae, costo- 
vertebral l's, the ligaments which bind the ribs 
to the adjacent vertebrae, costoxiphoid 1., a 
ligament joining the cartilages of the sixth and 
seventh ribs to the xiphoid cartilage, cotyloid 
1., a ring at the margin of the acetabulum. Cow- 
per's 1., that part of the fascia lata which is at- 
tached to the crest of the pubes, crico-santor- 
inian 1. Same as jugal I. crucial l's, two liga- 
ments (anterior and posterior) of the knee, con- 
necting the femur and tibia and crossing each other 
somewhat like the letter X. cruciate 1. i. A 
ligament of the atlanto-odontoid articulation. 2. 
The anterior annular ligament of the foot, cruci- 
form 1., the transverse ligament of the atlanto- 
axoid joint, crural 1. Same as Poupart's I. 
Cruveilhier's l's. Same as glenoid l's (2d 
def.), cuboideonavicular 1., a ligament con- 
necting the cuboid and navicular bones, cuneo- 
cuboid 1., a ligament connecting the external 
cuneiform and cuboid bones, cutaneophalan- 
geal l's. ligamentous fibers from the sides of 
the phalanges near the joints to the skin, cys- 
ticoduodenal 1., a fold of peritoneum ex- 
tending between the gall-bladder and the duo- 
denum. It occurs as an anomaly, deltoid 1., 
the internal lateral ilgament of the ankle-joint. 
Denonvillier's 1., the puboprostatic ligament, 
dentate 1. See ligamentum denticulatum. 
Denuce's 1., a short and wide band con- 
necting the radius and ulna at the wrist. . Doug- 
las' l's, the peritoneal folds which limit Doug- 
las' culdesac. duodenorenal 1., a fold of peri- 
toneum between the upper layer of the transverse 
mesocolon and the posterior parietal layer. Ellis' 
1., that portion of the rectovesical fascia which ex- 
tends to the sides of the rectum, epihyal 1., a 
ligament between the styloid process of the tem- 
poral bone and lesser horn of the hyoid bone, 
falciform 1., the broad ligament of the liver, 
fallopian 1., the round ligament of the uterus, 
false 1., any suspensory ligament that is a 
peritoneal fold and not of true ligamentous struc- 
ture. Ferrein's 1., the thick external part of the 
capsule of the temporomaxillary joint. Flood's 1., 
one of the three glenohumeral ligaments, fundi- 
form L, a portion of the anterior annular ligament 
of the ankle, forming a loop around the extensor 
longus digitorum and the peroneus tertius. gas- 
trocolic 1., the fold of great omentum attached to 
the stomach and the colon, gastrohepatic 1., 
the fold of great omentum attached to the stomach 
and the liver, gastrolienal 1., the gastrosplenic 
omentum, gastropancreatic 1., a fold of peri- 
toneum extending from the pancreas to the 
pyloric end of the stomach, gastrophrenic 1., 
a peritoneal fold connecting the cardiac end of the 
stomach to the diaphragm, gastrosplenic 1., 
a fold of peritoneum joining the culdesac of the 
stomach and the hilum of the spleen. Gerdy's 
1., the suspensory ligament of the axilla, from the 
coracoid process to the skin around the axilla. 
Gimbernat's 1., the triangular expanse of the 
aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, an- 
teriorly joined to Poupart's ligament and going to 
the iliopectineal line, glenohumeral l's, three 
ligaments that strengthen the capsule of the 
shoulder, glenoid 1. 1. A ring of fibrocartilage 
connected with the rim of the glenoid fossa. 2. 
The anterior ligament of the metacarpophalangeal 
joint, glosso-epiglottic 1., a band of liga- 
ment from the base of the tongue to the epiglottis. 
Guenz's 1., the upper and inner wall of the canal 
which transmits the obturator nerve and vessels, 
hamatometacarpal 1., a ligament connecting 
the hamulus of the unciform bone with the base 
of the fifth metacarpal, Helmholtz's 1., that 
part of the anterior ligament of the malleus which 
is attached to the greater tympanic spine. Hen- 
le's 1., the inner portion of the conjoined tendon, 
attached mainly to the sheath of the rectus 
muscle. Hensing's 1., a small serous fold from1 
the upper end of the descending colon to the ab- 
dominal wall; the left superior colic ligament, he- 
patic l's, folds of peritoneum extending from the 
liver to adjacent parts, hepatocolic l's, folds of 
peritoneum from the liver to the colon, hepato- 
duodenal 1., the free edge of the gastrohepatic 
omentum on the right side, hepatorenal 1., a 
fold of peritoneum extending from the liver to the 
right kidney. Hesselbach's 1., the interfoveolar 
ligament. Hey's 1., the falciform process of the 
fascia lata. Hueck's 1., the pectinate ligament. 
Hunter's 1., the round ligament of the uterus. 
See round ligament (4). Huschke's 1., a fold of 
peritoneum from the upper part of the lesser 
curvature of the stomach to the anterior surface 
of the pancreas, iliofemoral 1., a strong liga- 
ment of the hip-joint, extending from the ilium to 
the lesser trochanter, iliolumbar 1., the thick 
anterior border of the lumbar fascia running from 
the tip of the transverse process of the last lumbar 
vertebra to the inner edge of the iliac crest, ilio- 
pectineal 1., the line of attachment of the iliac 
fascia to the iliopectineal eminence, iliopubic 
1., Poupart's ligament, iliotrochanteric 1., a 
portion of the capsular ligament of the hip-joint, 
infundibulopelvic 1., the upper free edge of the 
broad ligament, with the attached fibrous tissue 
which carries the ovarian vessels to the ovary: 
called also suspensory I. of ovary, inguinal 1., 
Poupart's ligament, interarticular 1., any liga- 
ment situated within the capsule of a joint, inter- 
clavicular 1., joins the two clavicles to each other 
and to the sternum, intercuneiform l's, 
fibrous bands joining the cuneiform bones of the 
tarsus, interfoveolar 1., a part of the con- 
joined tendon; a thin band going from the pos- 
terior surface of the fascia transversalis to Gim- 
bernat's ligament and the pubic bone, inter- 
spinous l's, fibrous bands extending obliquely 
from the under surface of the spinous process of 
ope vertebra downward and backward to the upper 
surface of the spinous process of the vertebra below, 
interureteral 1., a transverse band or fold of mu- 
cous membrane extending between the orifices of the 
ureters, ischiocapsular 1., ischiofemoral 1., 
a ligament of the hip-joint extending from the base 
of the great trochanter on its posterior aspect to the 
tuberosity of the ischium, ischioprostatic 1., 
the deep perineal fascia, jugal 1., one of the liga- 
ments that join the cartilages of Santorini and the 
cricoid cartilage. Krause's 1., the transverse 
ligament of the pelvis, laciniate 1., the internal 
annular ligament of the ankle; a band of ligament 
from the internal malleolus to the inner and upper 
edge of the os calcis. lacunal 1., Gimbernat's 
ligament, lambdoid 1. Same as fundiform I. 
lateral 1., a peritoneal fold, one on either side 
of the liver, joining it to the diaphragm, lateral 
1., external. 1. A ligament between the external 
malleolus and the calcaneum. 2. A ligament be- 
tween the scaphoid bone and the styloid process of 
the radius. 3. A ligament from the annular liga- 
ment of the radius to the external condyle of the 
humerus. 4. A ligament from the lower edge 
of the zygoma to the outer surface of the neck 
of the inferior maxilla. 5. A ligament between 
the head of the fibula and the internal condyle 
of the tibia, lateral 1., internal. 1. A liga- 
ment between the internal malleolus, the astrag- 
alus, calcaneum, and scaphoid. 2. A ligament 
joining the styloid process of the ulna, the pisiform 
bone, and the anterior annular ligament. 3. A 
ligament from the coronoid process of the ulna 
and the inner edge of the sigmoid fossa to the 
internal condyle of the humerus. 4. A ligament 
between the internal condyle of the femur and 
the internal condyle and shaft of the tibia. 5. A 
ligament from the inferior maxilla to the spinous 
process of the sphenoid bone. Lauth's 1., the 
transverse ligament of the atlas. Lisfranc's 1., 
a fibrous band running from the lower external 
surface of the first cuneiform bone to the internal LIGAMENT 
608 
LIGAMENT 
a, superior acromioclavicular ligament; b, 
coraco-acromial ligament; c, coracohumeral 
ligament ; d, transverse ligament; e, coraco- 
clavicular ligament; y anterior costosternal 
ligament; g, interclavicular ligament ; h, ante- 
rior sternoclavicular ligament; i, costoclavicular 
ligament; j, capsular ligament. 
Ligaments of the Shoulder. 
The Craniovertebral Ligaments. 
A, posterior view : a, posterior occipito-atlantal ligament; 
6, posterior atlanto-axial ligament; c, capsular ligament; d, 
posterior surface of occipital bone ; e, posterior arch of atlas ; 
f, lamina of axis. 
B, anterior view : a, lateral occipito-atlantal ligament; 
i, anterior occipito-atlantal ligament; c, anterior atlanto-axial 
ligament; d, capsular ligament ; e, atlas ; f, axis. 
A, anterior aspect: a, radius : b, ulna ; c, anterior radio- 
ulnar ligament; d, internal lateral ligament; e, anterior liga- 
ments ; f, external lateral ligaments ; g, first metacarpal bone ; 
h, palmar ligaments; i, palmar carpal ligaments ; j, capsular 
ligament 
Ligaments of the Wrist-joint. 
A, anterior aspect : a, humerus ; b, ulna ; c, ra- 
dius ; d, internal lateral ligament; e, anterior liga- 
ment ; y orbicular ligament; g, oblique ligament. 
Ligaments of the Elbow-joint. 
B, dorsal aspect: a, ulna ; b, radius ; c, posterior radio- 
ulnar ligaments • d, posterior ligament. 
B, posterior aspect: a, humerus ; b, radius ; c, 
ulna ; d, external lateral ligament ; e, orbicular liga- 
ment ; y posterior ligament. LIGAMENT 
609 
LIGAMENT 
A, anterior aspect: a, lumbo-iliac ligament; b, anterior common ligament; c, lumbosacral ligament; d, anterior 
sacro-iliac; e, capsular ligament; f, ligamentum teres ; g, subpubic ligament; h, anterior pubic ligament; i, superior 
pubic ligament. 
B, posterior aspect; a, supraspinous ligament; b, posterior sacro-iliac ligament; c, great sacrosciatic ligament; 
d, lesser saarosciatic ligament. 
Ligaments of the Pelvis. 
A, anterior aspect: a, femur; b, ligamentum 
patellae; c, internal lateral ligament; d, external 
lateral ligament. 
B, posterior aspect: a, femur; b, posterior 
ligament; c, internal lateral ligament; d, external 
lateral ligament: e, posterior ligament of pero- 
neotibial articulation ; f, interosseous ligament. 
Ligaments of the Knee-joint. 
A, internal aspect: a, tibia; b, internal lateral ligament. 
B, external aspect: a, tibia; b, anterior ligament; c, exter- 
nal lateral ligament. 
Ligaments of the Ankle-joint. 
A, dorsal aspect: a, astragalus; b, calcaneo-astragaloid ligaments; c, dorsal ligaments of tarsus; d, tarsometa- 
tarsal ligaments ; e, transverse ligaments. 
B, plantar aspect: a, os calcis; b, greater calcaneocuboid ligament; c, deep calcaneocuboid ligament; d, inferior 
tarsometatarsal ligament; e, tarsometatarsal ligaments. 
Ligaments of the Foot. LIGAMENT 
610 
LIGAMENT 
surface of the base of the second metatarsal bone. 
Lockwood's 1., the suspensory ligament of the 
globe of the eye, connecting Tenon's capsule and 
the orbit on either side, longitudinal I's, two 
ligaments, an anterior, attached to the anterior 
surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae, and a 
posterior, attached to the posterior surfaces of the 
vertebral bodies within the spinal canal, lumbo- 
costal 1., the external arcuate ligament. Lusch- 
ka's 1., a band extending between the anterior 
surface of the pericardium and the posterior surface 
of the sternum. Mackenrodt's I's, the lateral 
cervicopelvic or uterosacral ligaments. Mau- 
chart's I's, the lateral odontoid or cheek liga- 
ments. Mayer's 1., the ligaments on the floor 
of the carpal canal connecting one of the bones 
of the carpus. Meckel's 1., Meckel's band, 
mesenteriomesocolic 1. See mesenteriomeso- 
colic fold, under fold, metacarpal 1., a liga- 
ment joining the lower ends of the last four 
metacarpals. oblique popliteal 1. See pop- 
liteal I's. odontoid I's, three ligaments which 
connect the atlas to the skull. The middle 
one is the apical odontoid ligament, and runs from 
the tip of the odontoid process to tbe margin of the 
occipital bone. The two lateral ligaments, the alar 
odontoid ligaments, pass obliquely upward toward 
the inner margins of the condyles of the occipital 
bone, orbicular 1., the ligament which sur- 
rounds the neck of the radius, palpebral I's, 
the two ligaments at the outer and inner angles of 
the eye, furnishing attachment for the orbicularis 
palpebrarum muscle, pancreaticosplenic 1., a 
fold of peritoneum extending from the pancreas to 
the spleen, patellar 1., the outward continua- 
tion of the tendon of the quadriceps cruris muscle, 
extending from the tip of the patella to the tuber- 
osity of the tibia, pectinate I's, bands of elastic 
tissue connecting the cornea and the adjacent bor- 
ders of the iris. Petit's 1., the ligamentous 
back and sides of Douglas' culdesac. phre- 
nocolic 1. Same as costocolic I. phrenogas- 
tric 1., a fold of peritoneum extending from the 
diaphragm to the fundus of the stomach, phre- 
nosplenic 1., a fold of peritoneum extending from 
the diaphragm to the spleen, pisohamate 1., 
a ligament from the pisiform bone to the hamulus 
of the unciform bone, pisometacarpal 1., 
a ligament from the pisiform bone to the fifth 
metacarpal bone, popliteal I's, two ligaments 
at the posterior wall of the knee-joint. The oblique 
popliteal ligament runs obliquely from below up- 
ward, and from within outward on the posterior 
surface of the capsular ligament. The arcuate 
popliteal ligament passes in a curved manner above 
the tendon of the popliteus muscle, the concavity 
of the curve being directed upward. Poupart's 
1., the lower border of the aponeurosis of the 
external oblique muscle, between the anterior 
spine of the ilium and the spine of the pubes. 
Called also ligamentum inguinale (B. N. A.), 
pterygomaxillary 1., connects the apex of the 
internal pterygoid plate and the posterior end of 
the oblique line of the lower jaw. pterygospin- 
ous 1., a ligament passing from the spine of the 
sphenoid bone to the upper end of the outer plate 
of the pterygoid process, pubic I's, three liga- 
ments (anterior, posterior, and superior) of the 
symphysis pubis, pubocapsular 1., a ligament 
of the hip-joint arising from the horizontal ramus 
of the pubis and passing across the inner and poste- 
rior portion of the articular capsule toward the 
lesser trochanter of the femur, puboprostatic 
1., pubovesical 1., a ligament extending from 
the symphysis pubis to the neck of the bladder on 
either side, radiate 1. Same as stellate I. radio- 
carpal I'S, two ligaments, a dorsal and volar, 
from the lower end of the radius to the first row of 
carpal bones, reinforcing I's, ligaments which 
serve to reinforce joint capsules. Retzius' 1., 
the fundiform ligament. rhomboid 1. 1. 
Connects the cartilage of the first rib to the under 
surface of the clavicle. 2. A ligament from the 
lower end of the radius to the unciform and cunei- 
form bones, round 1. i. See ligamentum teres. 
2. A fibrous cord which represents the umbilical 
vein and runs from the navel to the anterior 
border of the liver. 3. One of the ligaments of the 
radio-ulnar articulation. 4. Either one of two 
cords from the cornua of the uterus to the mons 
veneris, sacrococcygeal I's, ligaments con- 
necting the apex of the sacrum and the first coccy- 
geal vertebra, sacro-iliac 1., oblique, a fas- 
ciculus connecting the posterior superior spine of 
the ilium with the third transverse tubercle on the 
posterior surface of the sacrum, sacrosciatic 1., 
two ligaments (the great, or posterior, and lesser, 
or anterior) from the sacrum to the ischium, 
sacrospinous 1., the lesser sacrosciatic ligament, 
sacrotuberous 1., the great sacrosciatic liga- 
ment. Sappey's 1., the thicker posterior part 
of the capsule of the temporomandibular joint. 
Sommering's 1., the suspensory ligament of the 
lacrimal gland. sphenomandibular 1., the 
internal lateral ligament, splenophrenic 1., 
the peritoneal fold which suspends the spleen, con- 
necting it with the diaphragm, spring 1., the 
inferior calcaneoscaphoid ligament; so called be- 
cause it gives elasticity to the arch of the foot, 
stapedial 1., the annular ligament of the stapes, 
stellate 1., a radiate structure strengthening 
the costovertebral joints anteriorly. sterno- 
clavicular 1., the capsular ligament at the junc- 
tion of the sternum and clavicle, sternocostal 
1., any one of the ligaments connecting the rib 
cartilages and the sternum, sternopericardiac 
I's, bands connecting the sternum and the peri- 
cardium. stylohyoid 1., a fibrous cord from the 
styloid process to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, 
stylomandibular 1., stylomaxillary 1., ex- 
tends from the styloid process to the ramus of the 
lower jaw. subfiavous 1., a yellowish ligament 
between the laminae of a vertebra, supraspinous 
1., the ligament connecting the apices of the 
spinous processes of the vertebrae, suspensory 
1. 1. The zonule of Zinn. 2. Any peritoneal or 
other fold that serves to hold a viscus or ossicle in 
its place, sutural 1., a band of fibrous tissue be- 
tween the opposed bones of a suture or immovable 
joint, synovial 1., a large synovial fold, talo- 
calcaneal I's. Same as calcaneo-astragaloid I's. 
talofibular I's, fibers from the external lateral 
ligaments of the ankle, extending between the 
fibula and the astragalus, talotibial I's, two 
ligaments from the neck of the tabes (astragalus) 
forming part of the deltoid ligament of the ankle- 
joint. tarsal 1., the fibrous membrane of the eye- 
lids. tarsometatarsal I's, ligaments connecting 
the tarsal and metatarsal bones, temporoman- 
dibular 1., the external lateral ligament of the 
jaw. tendinotrochanteric 1., a band from 
the upper margin of the capsule of the hip-joint, 
binding down the tendon of the gluteus minimus, 
tensor 1., Toynbee's L, the anterior ligament 
of the malleus: the so-called tensor tympani 
muscle. Teutleben's I's, lateral folds joining 
the pericardium and diaphragm, tibionavicu- 
lar 1., a ligament forming part of the deltoid 
ligament of the ankle-joint, transverse 1., the 
name of various ligaments, as of the atlas, knee, 
hip, and scapula, trapezoid 1., the forward and 
outward part of the coracoclavicular ligament. 
1. of Treitz. See muscle of Treitz, under muscle. 
triangular 1., the name of various ligaments, 
as of the urethra, tympanic bones, uterus, and 
vertebrae. Tuffier's inferior 1., that part of the 
mesentery which is connected with the wall of the 
iliac fossa. utero-ovarian I's, short round 
cords continuous with the external fibers of the 
uterus at the superior angle of that organ, and 
extending to the inner end and edge of each ovary. 
Called also I's of the ovaries, uteropelvic I's, 
expansions of muscular tissue in the broad liga- 
ment, radiating from the fascia over the obturator 
internus to the sides of the uterus and the vagina, 
uterorectosacral I's, peritoneal folds which LIGAMENTOPEXIS 
611 
LIGATURE 
reach from the posterior attachment of the vagina 
and cervix to the peritoneum which overlies the 
sacrum: they surround the rectum, vaginal 1. 
1. A fibrous band which maintains a tendon-sheath 
in position. 2. A fibrous sheath sometimes occur- 
ring in the inguinal canal. Valsalva's 1., a 
ligament connecting the pinna of the ear to the 
temporal bone, ventricular 1., the superior 
thyro-arytenoid ligament. vertebropleural 
1. See Sibson's aponeurosis, under aponeurosis. 
Vesalius' 1., Poupart's ligament. vesico- 
umbilical 1. Same as urachus. vesico- 
uterine 1., extends from the anterior aspect of 
the uterus to the bladder, vocal 1., the inferior 
thyro-arytenoid ligament. Walther's oblique 
1., the posterior astragalofibular ligament. Weit- 
brecht's 1., a fibrous band connecting the outer 
portion of the coronoid process to the inner edge 
of the neck of the radius. Winslow's 1., the 
posterior ligament of the knee. Wrisberg's 1., 
the ligament of the lateral meniscus. Y-l., the 
iliofemoral ligament. Zaglas' 1., the oblique 
sacro-iliac ligament. Zinn's 1., the annular liga- 
ment of origin common to the recti muscles of the 
eye, attached to the edge of the optic foramen 
and the inner part of the sphenoid fissure. Called 
also annulus tendinous communis, annulus zinnii, 
and tendon of Zinn. 
ligamentop exis (lig-a-men-to-peks'is) [ligament + 
Gr. iritis fixation]. Ventrosuspension by suturing 
the round ligaments to the uterus. 
ligamentopexy (lig-am-en-to-pek'se). Same as 
ligamentopexis. 
ligamentous (lig-am-en'tus). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a ligament. 
ligamentum (lig-am-en'tum), pl. ligamen'ta [LJ. 
A ligament. 1. ala'ria. 1. [B N A] Same as 
odontoid ligaments. 2. Two wing-like fringes at- 
tached to the ligamentum mucosum of the knee- 
joint. 1. annula're, the upper band of the ante- 
rior annular ligament of the ankle. 1. annula're 
ra'dii [B N A], the ligament encircling the head 
of the radius. 1. a'picis den'tis [B N A], the 
apical odontoid ligament. 1. arcua'tum ex- 
ter'num, the thickened upper margin of the an- 
terior lamella of the lumbar fascia. 1. arcua'tum 
inter'num, a tendinous arch across the upper 
part of the psoas magnus muscle on each side of 
the vertebral column. 1. arterio'sum [B N A], 
the remains of the ductus arteriosus. 1. car'pi 
dorsa'li, the annular ligament of the radius. 1. 
collatera'le fibula're [B N A], the external 
lateral ligament of the knee-joint. 1. collatera'le 
radia'le [B N A], the external lateral ligament of 
the elbow. 1. collatera'le tibia'le [B N A], the 
internal lateral ligament of the knee. 1. col- 
latera'le ulna're [B N A], the internal lateral 
ligament of the elbow. 1. crucia'tum, 1. cru'- 
cis, the lower, Y-shaped part of the anterior an- 
nular ligament of the ankle. 1. denticula'tum 
[B N A], a structure formed of processes of the pia 
crossing the subdural space on each side of the 
spinal cord. 1. falcifor'me hep'atis [B N A], 
the suspensory ligament of the liver. 1. fla'va 
[B N A]. See I. subflava. 1. inguina'le [B N A]. 
Same as Poupart's ligament. See ligament. 1. in- 
guina'le reflex'um [B N A], the triangular 
fascia of the abdomen. 1. interfoveola're [B N 
A], Hesselbach's ligament. 1. lacinia'tum [BN 
A], the internal annular ligament of the leg. 1. 
lacuna're [B N A], Gimbernat's ligament. 1. 
la'tum pulmo'nis, a vertical pleural fold on each 
side of the mediastinum, attaching the lower part 
of the lung to the vertebral column. 1. longi- 
tudina'le [BN A], the longitudinal ligament. 1. 
muco'sum, a synovial fold in the knee-joint. 1. 
natato'rium, the transverse fibers of fascia in the 
webs of the fingers. 1. nu'chae [B N A], a tough 
band at the nape of the neck, uniting the two 
trapezius muscles. 1. patel'lae [B N A], the liga- 
ment which connects the patella to the tibia, 
1. pectina'tum i'ridis [B N A], a reticular 
structure that attaches the circumference of the 
iris to the cornea. 1. radia'tum, the palmar liga- 
ment of the intercarpal joint. 1. spira'le, the 
outer attachment of the basilar membrane of the 
cochlea. 1. subfla'va, ligamentous bands of yellow 
elastic tissue which connect the laminae of contigu- 
ous vertebrae. 1. suspenso'rium, a strong fibro- 
cartilaginous cord between the check-ligaments and 
the margin of the foramen magnum. 1. suspenso'- 
rium mam'mae, a fibrous process from the super- 
ficial fascia of the thorax to the nipple and integu- 
ment of the mamma. 1. te'res, the cylindric liga- 
ment of the hip-joint. See also ligament, round. 1. 
venae ca'vae sinis'trae [B N A], the vestigial 
fold of Marshall. 1. veno'sum [B N A], ligament 
of Arantius. 1. ventricula're [B N A], the supe- 
rior thyro-arytenoid ligament. 1. voca'le [B N 
A], the inferior thyro-arytenoid ligament. 
ligate (li'gat). To tie or bind with a ligature. 
ligatight (lig'at-it). A naprapathic term for a 
shrunken condition of the connective tissue of a 
ligament. 
Ligat's test (lig'ats) [David Ligat, contemporary 
English surgeon]. See under tests. 
ligation (li-ga'shun) [L. liga'tio]. The application 
of a ligature, distal 1., ligation of an artery on the 
side of an aneurysm farthest from the heart, im- 
mediate 1., ligation of an artery directly around 
the artery without including any of the surround- 
ing tissues, mediate 1., ligation of an artery, in- 
cluding also some of the surrounding tissue, pole 
1., ligation of both poles of the thyroid gland for 
the purpose of limiting the amount of blood to and 
from the gland: employed in Basedow's disease, 
proximal 1., ligation of an artery on the side of 
an aneurysm nearest the heart. 
ligator (li'ga-tor). An instrument used in ligating 
in parts that are not easily accessible. 
ligature (lig'at-ur) [L. ligatu'ra]. i. A thread or 
wire for tying a vessel or strangulating a part. 
2. The act of ligation. 3. In orthodontia, a string 
or wire used to fasten a tooth to an orthodontic 
appliance or to another tooth, chain-1., a kind of 
ligature used in tying an ovarian pedicle in several 
places. On making it a long thread is carried 
through the pedicle in one place, and is seized with 
a pressure forceps. Next the long end of the same 
thread is carried through in one or more places 
and loops secured in the same way. When all are in 
place, the loops are cut, one after another, near 
the forceps, and the halves crossed or tied, so that 
finally the whole mass to be ligated is inclosed 
in threads forming a chain. Desault's 1., liga- 
tion of the femoral artery as it passes through the 
adductor muscle: done for popliteal aneurysm, 
double 1., the ligation of an artery at two places 
and division between them, elastic 1., a band of 
caoutchouc used to strangulate hemorrhoids and 
pedunculated growths. Erichsen's 1., a double 
thread of white and black for ligating nevi, in- 
termittent 1., a tourniquet applied to interrupt 
the blood-current, but occasionally relaxed to re- 
new the circulation, kangaroo 1., the prepared 
tendon of a kangaroo's tail: used as a ligature, lat- 
eral 1., a ligature so applied as to check, but not 
to interrupt, the blood-current. McGraw's elas- 
tic 1., a ligature used in performing intestinal anas- 
tomosis. occluding 1., a ligature which includes 
every blood-channel leading to the distal tissue, 
provisional 1., one applied at the beginning of 
an operation, but removed before its close, solu- 
ble 1., a ligature of fresh animal membrane 
applied with a view to its ultimate absorption or 
incorporation with the tissues. 1. of Stannius 
(1852), a ligature tied around a frog's heart, be- 
tween the sinus venosus and the auricle. It causes 
the auricle and ventricle to cease beating, suboc- 
cluding 1., a ligature which obstructs the main 
blood-supply, but leaves unobstructed a portion 
of tissue capable of establishing capillary anas- 
tomosis. LIGHT 
612 
LIMNEMIA 
light (lit). The ethereal vibration which gives origin 
to the visual sense, actinic 1., light capable of 
producing chemic effects, axial 1., central 1., 
light whose rays are parallel to each other and to 
the optic axis. 1.-chaos, the minute fluctuations 
of the intensity of intrinsic light of the retina. 
Called also light-dust. 1. difference, the differ- 
ence between the two eyes in their sensitiveness to 
light: often abbreviated to L. D. diffused 1., that 
which has been scattered by reflection and refrac- 
tion. l.-dust. See l.-chaos. Finsen 1., light 
consisting principally of the violet and ultra-violet 
ray. To obtain it sunlight is passed through a lens 
containing an ammoniacal solution of copper sul- 
phate, which absorbs the yellow, red, and ultra-red 
rays. Such light is used in the treatment of lupus 
and similar diseases, intrinsic 1. (of the retina), 
the dim light always present in the visual field. 
1. minimum, the smallest degree of light per- 
ceived by the eye; often abbreviated to L. M. 
Minin 1., a therapeutic lamp for the admin- 
istration of violet and ultra-violet light, mono- 
chromatic 1., one of the colors of the spec- 
trum into which light is divided by a prism, 
oblique 1., the light that falls obliquely on a sur- 
face. polarized 1., light the vibrations of which 
are made over one plane or in circles or ellipses, 
reflected 1., light turned back from an illumi- 
nated surface, refracted 1., light whose rays 
have been bent out of their original course by 
passing through a transparent membrane. 1.- 
sense, the faculty by which varying degrees of 
light or brightness may be perceived. Simpson 
1., an electric arc light in which the electrodes are 
made of tungstate of iron and manganese. The 
light emitted consists of rays of two kinds: visible 
rays and invisible rays. The latter consist of 
heat rays and ultraviolet rays. This light is used 
in the treatment of rodent ulcer, lupus, eczema, 
wounds, rhinitis, and sinusitis, transmitted 1., 
light which passes or has passed through an object, 
ultraviolet 1. See ultraviolet ray, under ray. 
lightening (li'ten-ing). The sensation of decreased 
abdominal distention produced by the descent of 
the uterus into the pelvic cavity just previous to 
labor. 
lignaloo, lignaloes (lig-nal'o, lig-nal'oz, or lin- 
al'o, lin-al'oz). 1. The fragrant wood (called 
agallochum, or eaglewood) produced by Aqui- 
la'ria agal'lochum, a tree of the East Indies. 2. 
The resin of the above wood: used mainly as a per- 
fume and in preparing incense. 
Lignieres' test (len-yearz') [J. Lignieres, con- 
temporary physician in Buenos Aires]. See test. 
lignin (lig'nin). A substance like cellulose lining 
woody vegetable cells. 
lignoceric acid (lig-no-se'rik). See acid. 
lignosulflt (lig-no-sul'fit). A liquid obtained in 
the manufacture of cellulose: its vapor, which 
contains sulphurous acid and various aromatic 
principles, is inhaled for pulmonary disorders. 
lignosulphin (lig-no-sul'fin) [L. lig'num wood + 
sulphur]. A disinfectant by-product of the manu- 
facture of sulphocellulose. 
lignum (lig'num) [L. gen. lig'ni]. Latin for wood. 
1. rho'dium, the wood of Am'yris balsamif era, 
a tree of tropical America. 1. vi'tae. See guaia- 
cum. 
ligroin, ligroine (lig'ro-in). A volatile inflam- 
mable liquid, used as a solvent in pharmacy and 
chemistry. It is the fraction that distills from 
petroleum between go0 and 1200 C. and consists 
mostly of heptane and octane. 
ligula (lig'u-lah) [L. "strap"]. A strip of white 
substance near the lateral border of the fourth 
ventricle. 
ligule (lig'ul). Same as ligula. 
Ligusticum (li-gus'tik-um). See lovage. 
Lilienthal's probe (lil'e-en-talz) [Howard Lilien- 
thal, surgeon in New York, born 1861]. See probe. 
lily-of-the-valley (li'le-). See Convallaria. 
liman cure (li'man). See under cure. 
limanol (li'man-ol) [Turkish and Russian liman 
bay; Gr. creek, harbor]. A preparation of 
salt-marsh mud: used for rheumatism. 
limatura (li-mat-u'rah). Latin for filings. 1. fer'- 
ri, iron filings. 
limb (lim) [L. Um'bus border], i. An arm or a leg 
with its appendages: an extremity. 2. Anything 
resembling an arm or a leg. anacrotic 1., the 
up-stroke of a sphygmographic record, pec- 
toral 1., thoracic 1., an arm or its homologue, 
pelvic 1., a leg or lower extremity, phantom 
I., a sensation as of the limb still existing in a pa- 
tient in whom the limb has been amputated. 
limberneck (lim'ber-nek). See limber neck, under 
neck. 
limbic (lim'bik). Pertaining to a limbus, or margin, 
limbus (lim'bus) [L. "border"]. A border or hem. 
1. alveola'ris [B N A], the free lower edge of the 
alveolar process. 1. angulo'sus, the oblique line 
of the thyroid cartilage. 1. chorioi'deus, the in- 
nermost arch of the limbic lobe. 1. conjuncti'vae, 
the edge of the conjunctiva that overlaps the mar- 
gin of the cornea. 1. cor'neas |B N A], the edge of 
the cornea where it joins the sclerotic. 1. corti- 
ca'lis, the outermost arch of the limbic lobe. 1. 
fos sae ova'lis [BNA]. Same as annulus ovalis. 
1. lam'inae spira'lis, the periosteal border of the 
bony lamina spiralis; the crista spiralis. 1. lu'- 
teus, the yellow spot of the retina; macula lutea. 
1. medulla ris, the middle arch of the limbic lobe. 
1. sphenoida'lis, the posterior edge of that part 
of the body of the sphenoid which bears the eth- 
moid spine. 
lime (lim) [L. calx], 1. Calcium oxid; also cal- 
cium hydroxid. See calcium. 2. The acid fruit of 
Cit'rus adida: its juice is antiscorbutic and re- 
frigerant. arsenate of 1. (as an insecticide), 
boil until dissolved 2 pounds of white arsenic and 
8 pounds of sal-soda in 2 gallons of water. For use 
take 1 pint of this stock solution, 2 pounds of 
freshly slaked lime, and 45 gallons of water, chlo- 
rinated 1. See calx chlorata. sulphurated 1. 
See calx sulphurata. syrup of 1. (syru'pus cal'- 
cis), a solution of lime sucrate: said to be useful 
in some cases of chronic rheumatism. 
limen (li'men) [L.]. 1. Same as threshold. 2. The 
portion of the brain lying between the base and 
the island of Reil. Called also I. in'suite [B N A], 
1. na'si [B N A], the boundary-line between the 
bony and cartilaginous portions of the nasal cavity. 
liminal (lim'in-al) [L. li'men threshold]. Barely 
appreciable to the senses: pertaining to a thres- 
hold. 
limit, Anstie's. See Anstie's rule, under rule. 
assimilation 1., the amount of carbohydrate 
that the organism can metabolize without causing 
glycosuria. Called also saturation limit. 
limitans (lim'it-anz) [L. "limiting"]. Same as 
membrana limitans. 
limitation, eccentric (lim-it-a'shun). A circum- 
scribed condition of the visual field, more pro- 
nounced at some parts of the periphery than at 
others. 
limitrophes (lim'it-rofs) [Fr. "frontier lands"]. 
The sympathetic ganglia and their connections. 
limitrophic (lim-it-rofik). Controlling nutrition. 
Limnsea (lim'ne-ah). A genus of snails ,several 
species of which act as invertebrate host for the 
liver fluke (Fasciola hepaticd). 
Limnatus (lim-na'tus). A genus of the Hirudinea. 
Some are very large. L. granulo'sa and L. 
myso'melas occasionally cause trouble in man. 
L. nilot'ica, an African species that sometimes 
becomes lodged in the pharynx. It may be found 
in the normal cavities of animals. 
limnemia, limn&emia (lim-ne'me-ah) [Gr. \liwq 
marsh + aqua blood]. Malarial cachexia. LIMNEMIC 
613 
LINE 
limnemic (lim-ne'mik). Affected with malarial 
cachexia. 
limo (li'mo), gen. limo'nis. Latin for lemon. The 
fruit of the lemon-tree, Cit'rus limo'num. See 
lemon. 
limonene (lim'o-nen). An essential oil found in 
the peel of oranges and lemons. It is a terpene, 
C3H5.C6H8.CH3. 
limo'nis cor'tex [L.J. Lemon peel. 
limo'nis suc'cus [L.J. Lemon juice. 
limophthisis (lim-of'this-is) [Gr. Xlpos hunger + 
<pOlais wasting]. Wasting from lack of food or 
starvation. 
limosis (li-mo'sis) [Gr. Xlpos hunger]. Abnormal 
or morbid hunger. 
limotherapy (li-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Xquos hunger 
+ Oepaireia cure]. Hunger-cure; the treatment 
of disease by fasting or by a meager diet: used in 
dyspepsia, aneurysm, syphilis, and cancer. 
limping (lim'ping). See claudication. 
Linacre (lin'ak-er), Thomas. A noted English 
physician and classic scholar, 1460-1524. He 
was physician to Henry VIII. He was the first 
president of the College of Physicians, London, 
and translated Galen from Greek into Latin. 
linadin (lin'ad-in). A patented dry extract of the 
spleen of animals, combined with iodin and iron: 
used for malarial cachexia, splenomegaly, and 
leukemia. 
linalool (lin-al'o-ol). The olefinic terpene alcohol 
of oil of lign aloe, Cu>Hi8O: found also in oil of 
coriander and various other volatile oils. 
lincture, linctus (lingk'tur, lingk'tus) [L. lincf- 
tus a licking]. An electuary; a thick, syrupy medi- 
cament to be taken by licking. 
linden (lin'den). See Tilia. 
line (lln) [L. lin'ea}. 1. Any stripe, streak, mark, or 
narrow ridge. 2. A measure equal to one-twelfth 
of an inch, abdominal 1., any line upon the 
abdomen. indicating the boundary of a muscle, 
absorption l's, dark lines in the spectrum due 
to the absorption of light by the substance (usually 
an incandescent gas or vapor) through which the 
light has passed. Cf. absorption bands, under band. 
accretion l's, microscopic lines seen in sections 
of enamel marking successive layers of calcifica- 
tion. Called also Retzius' lines, adrenal 1. 
See Sergent's I. alveobasilar 1., a line from the 
basion to the alveolar point, alveolar 1., a line 
from the nasion to the alveolar point, alveolo- 
nasal 1., a line from the alveolar to the nasal 
point. Amberg's 1., a line dividing into two 
halves the angle formed by the anterior border of 
the mastoid process and the temporal line. It in- 
dicates the most easily accessible part of the lateral 
sinus for a mastoid operation. Called also lateral 
sinus line. 1. of Amici. Same as Krause's mem- 
brane, under membrane, arcuate 1., the iliopec- 
tineal line, atropic 1., a line normal to the plane 
of the axes of rotation of the eye. auriculobreg- 
matic 1., a line from the auricular point to the 
bregma, axillary l's (anterior and posterior), 
lines from the axillary margin downward. Bail- 
larger's 1., Baillarger's layer. See layer, base- 
1., a line from the infra-orbital ridge to the external 
auditory meatus and the middle line of the occiput, 
base-apex 1., a line perpendicular to the edge of 
a prism and bisecting the refracting angle of the 
prism, basinasal L, a line from the basion to 
the nasion, basiobregmatic 1., a line from the 
basion to the bregma. Baudelocque's 1., the 
external conjugate diameter of the pelvis. Beau's 
l's, transverse lines on the finger-nails seen after 
wasting diseases, bi-auricular 1., a line from 
one auditory meatus over the vertex to the other, 
bi-iliac 1., a straight line joining the most 
prominent points of the two iliac crests, blue 
1., the characteristic line on the gums show- 
ing chronic lead-poisoning. Borsieri's 1., a 
white mark made upon the skin by the finger- 
nail in the early stages of scarlet fever. Brodel's 
white 1., a longitudinal white line on the anterior 
surface of the kidney near the convex border. 
Bruecke's 1's, broad bands alternating with 
Krause's membranes in the fibrils of the striated 
muscles. Bryant's 1. i. The vertical side of the 
iliofemoral triangle. 2. A test-line for detecting 
shortening of the femur. Burton's 1. See gin- 
gival I. calcification 1's, accretion lines. 
Camper's 1., a line from the external auditory 
meatus to a point just below the nasal spine. 
Chaussier's 1., the median raphe of the cal- 
losum. Chiene's 1's, a set of lines established 
to aid in localizing the cerebral centers. Clap- 
ton's 1., a green line on the gums in copper-poison- 
ing. clavicular 1., a line following the course of 
the clavicles. 1. of communications, in mili- 
tary medicine, the zone between the service of the 
interior and the zone of the advance. Conrad's 
1., a line from the base of the xiphoid process to 
the point of the apex-beat, indicating the upper 
limit of percussion-dulness of the left lobe of the 
liver. Corrigan's 1., a purplish line on the 
gums in copper-poisoning, costo-articular 1., 
a line from the sternoclavicular joint to a point 
on the eleventh rib. costoclavicular 1., 
parasternal 1., a line midway from the nipple- 
line and the border of the sternum. Cramp- 
ton's 1., a line on the abdomen to indicate 
the position of the common iliac artery. It 
extends from the apex of the cartilage of the last 
rib nearly to the crest of the ilium, then forward 
to a point just below the anterior superior spine, 
cricoclavicular 1., a line drawn from the cricoid 
cartilage of the larynx to the point upon the clav- 
icle crossed by the upward projection of the an- 
terior axillary line, curved 1's of the ilium 
(superior, middle, and inferior), three prominent 
lines on the outer surface of the ala of the ilium. 
The areas limited by these lines give attachment to 
the glutei muscles, curved 1's of the occipital 
bone, two lines (superior and inferior) on the 
outer surface of each half of the occipital bone. 
Daubenton's 1., a line from the opisthion to the 
basion. 1. of demarcation, the boundary be- 
tween gangrenous and healthy tissue. De Salle's 
1., a line starting at the upper margin of the ala 
nasi and curving around the angle of the mouth; 
Jadelot's nasal line. Dobie's 1. See< Krause's 
membrane, under membrane. Douglas' 1., the 
curved lower edge of the inner layer of the aponeu- 
rosis of the internal oblique muscle: said to indi- 
cate some abdominal disorder. Eberth's 1's, 
microscopic broken or scalariform lines at the 
junction of the cardiac muscle-cells, ectental 
1., the line of junction between the ectoderm and 
entoderm. Ellis' 1., an S-shaped line on the 
chest, showing the upper border of pleuritic 
effusions, embryonic 1., the primitive tract in 
the center of the germinal area, facial 1., a 
straight line touching the glabella and a point at 
the lower border of the face: said to indicate some 
abdominal disorder. Farre's white 1., the 
boundary of the insertion of the mesovarium . at 
the hilum of the ovary. Feiss's 1., a line from 
the internal malleolus to the plantar surface of 
the first metatarsophalangeal joint. 1. of fixa- 
tion, a straight line extending through the center 
of rotation of the eye to the object in view, focal 
1., anterior, a line whose direction is perpendic- 
ular to the meridian of greatest curvature of a re- 
fracting surface, focal 1., posterior, a line 
whose direction is perpendicular to that of the 
meridian of least curvature of a refracting surface. 
Fraunhofer's 1's, dark lines of the solar spec- 
trum. Frommann 'si's, transverse marks on the 
axis-cylinder of a medullated nerve-fiber, rendered 
visible by silver nitrate. Gant's 1., an assumed 
line on the femur below the trochanter major, for 
service as a guide in surgical operations, genal 
1., one of Jadelot's lines, extending from the 
nasal line near the mouth toward the malar bone. 
1. of Gennari, a distinct line formed in the mid- LINE 
614 
LINE 
die cell layer of the cerebral cortex by a dense mass 
of fibers, gingival 1. i. A reddish streak on the 
edge of the gum. 2. The line where the cementum 
and enamel of a tooth join, and where the gum is 
attached to the neck of the tooth, gluteal l's, the 
curved lines of the ilium. Gottinger's 1., a line 
along the upper border of the zygomatic arch. 
Gubler's 1., a line connecting the apparent origins 
of the roots of the fifth nerve. Haller's 1., the 
linea splendens. Helmholtz's 1., a line perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the axis of rotation of the 
eyes. Hensen's 1., the light line in the middle of 
the dark band of a sarcomere. Hilton's 1., a 
white line which marks the junction of the skin 
of the perineum with the anal mucosa. Hol- 
den's 1., a sulcus below the inguinal fold, cross- 
ing the capsule of the hip. Hunter's 1., the 
linea alba, iliopectineal 1., a ridge on the 
ilium and pubes showing the brim of the true pelvis, 
incremental l's, lines that are supposed to 
show the laminar structure of dentin, infra- 
costal 1., a line connecting the lower borders 
of the tenth costal cartilages, infrascapular 1., 
a horizontal line at the level of the inferior angles 
of the scapulae, intercondylar 1., intercon- 
dyloid 1., a line on the posterior surface of the 
femur uniting the condyles and giving attachment 
to the posterior part of the capsule of the knee, 
interspinal 1., a line on the abdomen connecting 
the two anterior superior iliac spines, inter- 
trochanteric l's, two lines (anterior and poste- 
rior) on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the 
femur, between the trochanters, intertuberal 1., 
a line drawn between the prominences of the frontal 
bone, intertubercular 1., an imaginary line 
drawn transversely across the abdomen at the level 
of the iliac crests, isothermal l's, imaginary 
lines drawn through places that have the same aver- 
age temperature at a given time. Jadelot's l's, 
lines of the face in young children, supposed to be 
indicative of disease: the genal, nasal, labial, and 
oculozygomatic lines (q. v.). Called also Jade- 
lot's furrows or traits. 1. of Kaes, a thin zone or 
strip of fibers in the supraradiary zone of white 
matter of the cerebral cortex. Kilian's 1., the 
linea prominens of the promontory of the sacrum. 
Krause's 1. See Krause's membrane, under mem- 
brane. labial 1., one of Jadelot's fines, from the 
angle of the mouth outward: said to indicate dis- 
ease of the lungs. lateral sinus 1. See Amberg's 
I. lead 1., a bluish line at the edge of the gums in 
lead-poisoning. Ligar's 1. i. An imaginary line 
from the posterior superior spine of the ilium to the 
midpoint between the tuberosity of the ischium and 
the great trochanter; the emergence of the gluteal 
artery is at the point of the upper trisection of this 
line. 2. A line from the posterior superior spine of 
the ilium to the tuberosity of the ischium: at its 
lower trisection the sciatic and pubic arteries 
emerge, mammary 1., a line from one nipple to 
the other, mammillary 1., a vertical line 
through the center of the nipple. McKee's 1., 
a guide to the common iliac artery, being a line 
drawn from the tip of the cartilage of the eleventh 
rib to a point an inch and a half to the inner side 
of the anterior superior spine, then curving down- 
ward and forward and inward to a point just above 
the abdominal ring. Meyer's 1., the axial line 
of the big toe which if extended passes through the 
center of the heel if shoes have never been worn, 
midaxillary 1., a perpendicular line from the 
middle of the axilla, midclavicular 1., a per- 
pendicular line let fall from the center of the 
clavicle. Called also mammillary I. midspinal 
1., a perpendicular line down the middle of the 
spinal cord, midsternal 1., a topographic line 
passing through the middle of the sternum from 
the cricoid cartilage to the xiphoid, milk 1., 
the line of thickened epithelium in the embryo 
along which the mammary glands are developed. 
Monro's 1., a straight line from the umbilicus to 
the anterior superior spine of the ilium. Monro- 
Richter 1., a line from the umbilicus to the left 
anterior superior iliac spine. Moyer's 1., a line 
from the middle of the body of the third sacral 
vertebra to a point midway between the anterior 
superior iliac spines. mylohyoidean 1., 
a ridge on the inner surface of the lower jaw. 
nasal 1., one of Jadelot's lines extending from the 
ala nasi in a semicircle around the mouth, naso- 
basilar 1., a line through the basion and nasal 
point, nasolabial 1., the furrow extending 
from the ala nasi to the angle of the mouth. Ne- 
laton's 1., a line from the anterior superior proc- 
ess of the ilium to the most prominent part of the 
tuberosity of the ischium, nigra 1. See linea 
nigra, nipple-1. Same as mammillary I. 
nuchal l's (inferior, median, and superior), 
three lines on the outer surface of the occiput, 
oblique 1., a name applied to many lines, as of 
the fibula, radius, thyroid cartilage, tibia, etc. 
1. of occlusion, Angle's term for "the line with 
which, in form and position according to type, the 
teeth must be in harmony if in normal occlusion." 
ocular 1., oculozygomatic 1., one of Jadelot's 
lines, extending outward from the inner canthus 
toward the zygoma: said to be a sign of some dis- 
order of the nervous system. Ogston's 1., a line 
from the tubercle of the femur to the intercondy- 
lar notch, omphalospinous 1., a line on the 
abdomen connecting the umbilicus and the supe- 
rior spine of the ilium; on it is situated McBurney's 
point, parasternal 1., the costoclavicular line, 
pectineal 1., the portion of the iliopectineal 
line that lies on the pubic bone. Pickerill's 
imbrication l's, the horizontal lines on the 
surface of tooth enamel. Poirier's 1., a line 
running from the nasofrontal angle to a point 
just above the lambda, popliteal 1., an ob- 
lique line on the posterior surface of the tibia for 
the attachment of the popliteus muscle. Pou- 
part's 1., an imaginary line on the surface of the 
abdomen passing perpendicularly through the 
center of Poupart's ligament, precentral 1., 
a line on the head, extending from a point midway 
between the inion and glabella downward and 
forward, primitive 1., the primitive streak, 
profile 1. Same as Camper's I. pure 1., a group 
of individuals traceable through self-fertilized lines 
to a single homozygous ancestor, quadrate 1., a 
line on the posterior surface of the femur, res- 
piratory 1., a line that connects the bases of the 
upstrokes in a sphygmogram. Retzius' l's, 
accretion lines. Robson's 1., an imaginary 
straight line drawn from the nipple to the um- 
bilicus. Rolando's 1., a line on the head 
marking the position of the fissure of Rolando 
beneath. Roser's 1. Same as Nelaton's I. 
Salter's 1., the incremental line of dentin, 
scapular 1., a vertical downward line from the 
lower angle of the scapula. Schreger's l's, 
lines in dentin, probably due to an optic illusion, 
and ascribed to the primary curvatures of the 
dentinal tubules, semicircular 1. Same as 
Douglas' I. semilunar 1. See linea semilunaris. 
Sergent's white adrenal 1., a white line on 
the abdomen which follows drawing of the finger- 
nail across it: seen in cases of defective adrenal 
activity. Shenton's 1., a curved line seen 
in the radiogram of the normal hip joint, 
formed by the top of the obturator foramen, 
side-sternal 1., a line along the border of 
the sternum on either] side. 1. of sight, a 
straight line from the center of the pupil to the 
object viewed. Spigelius' 1., a crescentic line 
at the insertion of the transversalis abdominis 
muscle into its tendon, sternal 1., a line par- 
alleling the lateral border of the sternum, ster- 
nomastoid 1., a line from the heads of the 
sternomastoid to the mastoid process, subcostal 
1., an imaginary transverse line on the surface of 
the abdomen at the level of the lower edge of the 
tenth costal cartilage, supra-orbital 1., a line 
across the forehead, just above the root of the 
external angular process of the frontal bone, 
sylvian 1., a line upon the head indicating the LINEA 
615 
LINITIS 
direction of the fissure of Sylvius. It extends from 
the external angular process of the frontal bone to a 
point three-fourths of an inch below the most 
prominent point of the parietal bone. Thomp- 
son's 1., a red line upon the gums in pulmonary 
tuberculosis, thyroid red 1., an erythematous 
line produced by irritating the skin on the front of 
the neck and upper part of the chest in patients 
with hyperthyroidism. Topinard's 1., a fine be- 
tween the glabella and the mental point, trape- 
zoid 1., the mark of the attachment of the trapezoid 
ligament to the clavicle, umbilico-iliac 1., a 
line joining the umbilicus and the anterior superior 
spine of the ilium. 1. of Venus, the principal 
transverse fine on the palmar surface of the wrist. 
Virchow's 1., a line from the root of the nose to 
the lambda, visual 1., a line from the object 
seen, through the nodal point of the eye, to the 
macula lutea. Voigt.'s boundary-1's, lines 
which delimit the distribution of peripheral nerves. 
Wagner's 1., a thin, whitish line at the junction of 
the epiphysis and diaphysis of a bone formed by 
preliminary calcification. Waldeyer's 1. Same 
as Farre's white I. white 1. 1. The linea alba. 2. 
A whitish band in the pelvic fascia, from the lower 
part of the symphysis pubis to the lower part 
of the spine of the ischium. 3. A pale line seen 
after scratching the skin and considered to be a 
sign of decreased arterial tension, white adrenal 
1. See Sergent's I. Wrisberg's l's, a set of 
filaments connecting the motor and sensory roots 
of the trigeminus nerve, l's of Zahn, corruga- 
tions on the free surface of a thrombus formed by 
the projecting edges of the lamellae of blood- 
platelets. Zollner's l's, a set of lines of peculiar 
arrangement designed to be used as an ocular 
test. 
linea (lin'e-ah), pl. lin'ece. Latin for line. 1. 
al'ba [L. "white line"] [B N A], the tendinous me- 
sial fine down the front of the abdomen, giving at- 
tachment to the oblique and transverse abdominal 
muscles. 1. al'ba cervica'lis, the middle fine 
of the neck where the fascial sheaths of the sterno- 
thyroid and sternohyoid muscles blend. 1. 
albican'tes, the white abdominal lines seen after 
pregnancy. 1. arcua'ta [B N A], the iliopectineal 
line. 1. as'pera [B N A], a rough longitudinal line 
on the dorsum of the femur. 1. hepat'ica, a pal- 
mar line which takes a vertical course across the 
linea cephalica and linea neuralis. 1. mensa'lis, 
the lines on the palm of the hand caused by the 
flexion of the middle, ring-, and little fingers. 1. 
ni'gra, the pigmented line which frequently forms 
during pregnancy on the abdomen, extending up- 
ward from the pubes in the median line. 1. quad- 
ra'ti, a line on the femur which marks the insertion 
of the quadratus femoris. 1. semicircula'ris 
[B N A], Douglas' semilunar fold. See under fold. 
1. semiluna'res [B N A], a pair of curved lines, 
one on either side of the linea alba. 1. spige'lii, 
the outer border of the aponeurosis of the trans- 
versalis muscle. 1. splen'dens, a fibrous band 
down the anterior surface of the pia mater of the 
spinal cord. 1. temporaTis, a line on the tem- 
poral bone marking the boundary that separates 
the squamous from the mastoid portion. 1. trans- 
ver 'sae, the transverse tendinous lines on the ab- 
domen connecting the linea alba and the lineae 
semilunares. 1. vita'lis, the line of life: a palmar 
line curving around the base of the thumb. 
linear (lin'e-ar) [L. linea'ris]. Pertaining to or 
resembling a line. 
lingism (ling'izm) [after Peter H. Ling, Swedish poet 
and gymnast, 1776-1839]. The movement cure; 
kinesitherapy. 
lingua (ling'wah). Latin for tongue. 1. frse- 
na'ta, tongue-tie. 1. geograph'ica, the geo- 
graphic tongue; the presence on the tongue of 
map-like denudations bordered by thickened epi- 
thelium. 1. ni'gra, black tongue. 1. plica'ta, 
furrowed tongue. 
lingual (ling'wal) [L. lingua'lis]. Pertaining to 
the tongue. 
linguale (ling-wa'le). The point at the upper end 
of the symphysis of the lower jaw on its lingual 
surface. 
lingualis (ling-wa'lis) [L.]. See muscles, table of. 
lingually (ling'wal-e). Toward the tongue. 
Linguatula (ling-wat'u-lah). A genus of arthro- 
pods which, in the adult form, inhabit the frontal, 
nasal, and maxillary sinuses of animals and some- 
times of man. Their larval form (known as Pen- 
tastoma') infest the digestive organs and lungs. 
Called also tongue worms. L. rhina'ria (ser- 
ra'ta), the species found in man; both the larval 
and the adult forms have been found. 
linguatuliasis (ling-wat-u-li'as-is). Invasion of 
the body by Linguatula. 
lingula (lin'gu-lah) [L. "little tongue"]. The an- 
terior portion of the vermis of the cerebellum. 1. 
cerebel'li [B N A]. See lingula. 1. mandib'- 
ulse [BN A], the sharp anterior border of the in- 
ferior dental foramen. 1. pulmo'nis, a projec- 
tion from the lower portion of the upper lobe of the 
left lung, just beneath the incisura cardiaca. 1. 
of the sphenoid, a ridge between the body and 
greater wing of the sphenoid. 1. wrisber'gii, 
fibers joining the motor and sensory roots of the 
trifacial nerve. 
linguodistal (lin"gwo-dis'tal). Distally and toward 
the tongue. 
linguogingival (lin"gwo-jin'jiv-al). Relating to 
the tongue and the gums. 
linguopapillitis (lin"gwo-pap-il-i'tis) [L. lin'gua 
tongue + papillitis]. Small painful ulcers around 
the papillae of the edges of the tongue. 
linguoversion (lin-gwo-ver'shun). The state of 
being displaced lingually to the line of occlusion: 
said of a tooth. 
Linim. Abbreviation for liniment. 
liniment (lin'im-ent) [L. linimen'tum; lin'ere to 
smear]. An oily liquid preparation to be rubbed 
upon the skin. Among the more important lini- 
ments are the ammonia liniment (linimen'tum 
ammo'nia), belladonna liniment (I. belladon'nce), 
lime liniment (I. cal'cis), camphor liniment (I. 
cam'phorce), chloroform liniment (I. chlor of or'mi), 
compound opium liniment (I. o'pii compos'itum), 
liniment of lead subacetate (I. plum'bi subaceta'tis), 
camphorated soap liniment (I. saponato-camphora'- 
tum), soap liniment (I. sapo'nis), soft-soap liniment 
(I. sapo'nis mol'lis), compound mustard liniment 
(I. sina'pis compos'itum), turpentine liniment (I. 
ter ebin' thince), acetic turpentine liniment (I. terebin'- 
thince acet'icum), and croton oil liniment (I. tig'lii). 
A.B.C. 1., a liniment composed of equal parts of 
the liniments of aconite, belladonna, and chloro- 
form. anodyne 1., opium liniment, camphor 
1. [L. I. cam'phorce], camphor, 20 parts; cotton-seed 
oil, 80 parts, camphor 1., compound [L. 
I. cam'phorce compos'itum], contains camphor, am- 
monia, oil of lavender, and alcohol, drying 1., 
a solution of a drug in some mucilaginous liquid 
which on drying leaves a permanent film, kent- 
ish 1., linimentum terebinthinae. mercurial 
1., a liniment containing 1 ounce of ointment of 
mercury, 160 minims of strong solution of am- 
monia, and liniment of camphor enough to make 
r| fl.oz. Pick's 1., a preparation of 75 gr. 
gum tragacanth, 30 min. of glycerin, and 255 fl. dr. 
of water: used in dry eczema. St. John Long's 
1., linimentum terebinthinae aceticum. Stokes' 
1., an acetic turpentine liniment. 
linimentum (lin-im-en'tum) [L.]. See liniment. 
1. volat'ile, ammonia liniment. 
linin (li'nin) [L. li'num thread]. The substance com- 
posing the fine, net-like threads found in the nucleus 
of a cell, where it bears the chromatin in the form 
of granules. 
linitis (lin-i'tis) [Gr. \lvov web + -tris inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the gastric cellular tissue. LINKAGE 
616 
LIPOGENETIC 
1. plas'tica, diffuse hypertrophy of the submu- 
cous connective tissue of the stomach, rendering 
the walls of the stomach rigid, thick, and hard, like 
a leather bag. Called also Brinton's disease, 
hypertrophic gastritis, gastric sclerosis, cirrhosis of 
the stomach, and leather-bottle stomach. 
linkage, linking (ling'aj, ling'king). 1. The bond 
used in constitutional chemical formulas to rep- 
resent one valency. 2. In genetics, the hanging 
together of neighboring genes of the same chro- 
mosome throughout the processes of heredity. 
linked (linkt). United so as to be inherited together; 
as linked characters. 
linolein (lin-o'le-in) [L. li'num flax 4- o'leum oil]. 
A neutral fat from linseed oil; the glycerid of 
linoleic acid. 
linonine (lin-o'nin). A proprietary expectorant and 
cough remedy and substitute for cod-liver oil. 
linoval (li'no-val). A proprietary ointment-base. 
linoxanthin (li-no-zan'thin) [L. li'num flax 4* Gr. 
£avf)bs yellow]. An orange-yellow pigment pro- 
duced by Sarci'na auranti'aca; it is the coloring- 
matter of orange pus. 
linseed (lin'sed). The seeds of flax, Li'num usit- 
atis'simum: demulcent and emollient. The seed 
affords a fixed drying-oil {o'leum li'ni), and the 
residue left after the removal of the oil is used in 
preparing poultices. The freshly ground seed is 
used as a demulcent in irritations of the pharynx 
and of the respiratory and urinary passages. Dose 
of oil, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). 
lint (lint) [L. lin'teum, from li'num flax]. An ab- 
sorbent dressing-material made by scraping or 
picking apart old woven linen; also a specially 
finished woven fabric for surgical dressing, cot- 
ton 1., a lint of inferior quality prepared from 
cotton fabrics, patent 1. Same as sheet-l. 
picked 1. [L. lin'teum carp'tum], charpie; lint 
prepared by hand, scraped 1., lint prepared by 
scraping, sheet-1., a form of lint in sheets, pre- 
pared by machinery. 
Lint. Abbreviation for L. lin'teum, lint. 
lintin (lin'tin). A loose fabric of prepared ab- 
sorbent cotton: used in dressing wounds. 
lintine (lin'ten). A cotton lint from which the oil 
has been removed. 
linum (li'num). Latin for flax and for linseed. 
Li2O. Lithium oxid. 
liodermia (li-o-der'me-ah). See leiodermia. 
LiOH. Lithium hydroxid. 
liomyoflbroma (li"o-mi-o-fi-bro'mah). Leiomyo- 
fibroma. 
liomyoma (li"o-mi-o'mah). See leiomyoma. 
liomyosarcoma (li"o-mi-o-sar-ko'mah). See leio- 
myosarcoma. 
Liouville's icterus (le-oo'velz) [Henri Liouville, 
French physician, 1837-1887]. Icterus neona- 
torum. 
lip (lip). 1. Either of the fleshy folds at the orifice 
of the mouth. 2. Any labium or marginal part, 
double L, redundancy of the submucous tissue 
and mucous membrane of the lip on either side of 
the median line, hare-1. See harelip, rhombic 
1., the lateral boundary of the rhombencephalon 
during embryonic life. 
lipacidemia (lip"as-id-e'me-ah) [Gr. Xlttos fat 4- 
L. ac'idus acid 4- Gr. alpa blood]. The presence 
of any fatty acid in the blood. 
lipaciduria (lip"as-id-u're-ah) [Gr. Xlttos fat 4- 
L. ac'idus acid 4- Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence 
of any fatty acid in the urine. 
lipaemia (lip-e'me-ah). See lipemia. 
lipamin (li-pam'in). A compound isolated from the 
corpus luteum, said to have a stimulating effect 
on the menstrual flow. 
lipanin (lip'an-in). Olive oil (100 parts) and oleic 
acid (6 parts): used as a substitute for cod-liver oil. 
Dose, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.). 
Liparis (lip'ar-is). Same as Euproctis. 
liparocele (lip-aFo-sel) [Gr. Xi?rap6s fat 4- *17X77 
tumor], A fatty scrotal tumor; also a hernia 
containing fatty material. 
liparomphalus (lip-ar-om'fal-us) [Gr. Xlnos fat 
4- op^aXos navel]. A fatty tumor of the navel. 
lipase (li'pas) [Gr. XIttos fat 4-ase]. A fat-split- 
ting ferment occurring in the liver, pancreas, 
stomach, and other digestive organs and also in 
certain plants. Called also steapsin and pialyn. 
lipasuria (li-pas-u're-ah). The presence of lipase 
in the urine. 
lipectomy (lip-ek'to-me) [Gr. Xittos fat + tKroprj 
excision]. Excision of fatty tissue. 
lipemia, lipaemia (lip-e'me-ah) [Gr. Xlnos fat + 
alua blood]. The presence of fat or oil in the 
blood. 1. retinaTis, an alteration in the appear- 
ance of the retinal blood-vessels seen in certain 
cases of lipemia. 
liphemia (li-fe'me-ah). Lipemia. 
lipin (li'pin) [Gr. Xlttos fat]. A class of organic sub- 
stances, including the fats, oils, waxes, and essential 
oils, which are insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, chloroform, and other fat solvents, and 
which have a greasy feel. For example, see lipoid. 
amino 1., a lipin containing amino nitrogen. 
lipiodin (li-pi'o-din) [Gr. Xittos fat 4* iodin}. 
lodipin in solid form. 
lipiodol (li-pi'o-dol). Same as iodipin. 
lipoblastoma (li"po-blas-to'mah) [Gr. Xtiros fat + 
^Xaaros germ + -wpa tumor]. Same as lipoma. 
lipocardiac (lip-o-kar'de-ak) [Gr. Xiiros fat 4- 
xapSfa heart]. Relating to a fatty heart. 
lipocele (li'po-sel) [Gr. Xittos fat + kt)Xt) tumor], 
Adipocele. 
lipochondroma (li-po-kon-dro'mah) [Gr. Xittos 
fat + xo^Spos cartilage + -wpa tumor]. A chon- 
droma containing fatty elements. 
lipochrin (lip'ok-rin) [Gr. Xiiros fat + uxpos sal- 
low]. A pigment from the retinal fat-globules. 
lipochrome (lip'ok-rom) [Gr. Xlnos fat 4- XP&pa 
pigment]. Any one of a special group of animal 
fat-pigments; a pigment which is either a fat, a 
compound of fat, or a solution of a substance in fat 
(lipofuchsin}. The lipochromes include the pig- 
ments of fat, butter, and egg-yolk, serum, lutein, 
the chromophanes, and several bacterial pigments. 
lipoclastic (li-po-klas'tik) [Gr. Xinos fat 4- KXaa- 
tlkos breaking up]. Lipolytic, fat-splitting. 
lipocyanin (lip-o-si'an-in) [Gr. Xlttos fat 4- Kitanos 
blue]. A blue pigment resulting from the action 
of strong sulphuric acid on lipochrome. 
lipodysentery vaccine (li-po-dis'en-ter-e). A 
lipovaccine for dysentery. 
lipodystrophia (li"po-dis-tro'fe-ah). Lipodystro- 
phy. 1. progressi'va, a disease of women char- 
acterized by the progressive disappearance of sub- 
cutaneous fat from the parts above the pelvis, 
facial emaciation, and abnormal accumulation of 
fat about the thighs and buttocks (A. Simons, 
1911). 
lipodystrophy (lip-o-dis'tro-fe) [Gr. Xlttos fat 4- 
8varpo<pla dystrophy]. Any disturbance of fat 
metabolism, intestinal 1., a disease marked by 
diarrhea with fatty stools, arthritis, emaciation, 
and loss of strength. It is attended with deposit 
of fat in the intestinal lymphatic tissue. 
lipoferous (li-pof'er-us) [Gr. Xlttos fat 4- L. fer're 
to carry]. 1. Carrying fat. 2. Same as sudonophil. 
lipofibroma (lip"o-fi-bro'mah). A lipoma contain- 
ing fibrous elements. 
lipofuscin (li-po-fus'sin). Any one of a class of 
fatty pigments formed by the solution of a pigment 
in fat. Cf. lipochrome. 
lipogenesis (lip-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. Xlttos fat 4- gen- 
esis}. The formation of fat. 
lipogenetic, lipogenic (lip"o-jen-et'ik, lip-o-jen'- 
ik). Forming or producing fat. lipogenin (lip-oj'en-in). A mixture of fatty acids 
used as an ointment-base. 
lipogenous (lip-oj'en-us) [Gr. Kittos fat 4- yevvav 
to produce]. Producing fatness. 
lipohemia (li-po-he'me-ah). Lipemia. 
lipoid (li'poid) [Gr. Kittos fat 4- ethos form]. Any 
one of a class of cell-components, other than liquid 
fats, which can be extracted with organic solvents 
like alcohol and ether. They include lecithin, 
cholesterol, cephalin, protogen, and jecorin. 
lipoidase (li'poi-das). An enzyme which splits up 
lipoids. 
lipoidemia (li-poi-de'me-ah) [lipoid 4- Gr. alpa 
blood]. The presence of lipoids in the blood. 
lipoidosis (li-poi-do'sis). The presence of lipoids 
in the cells. 
lipoiodin (li-po-i'o-din). The ethyl ester of diiod- 
ized erucic acid, CHs/CHalz.CI: CI.(CH2)ii.CO.O.- 
C2H5: used like the iodids. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.3- 
i-5 gm.). 
lipolipoidosis (li"po-li-poi-do'sis). The presence 
of lipoids and neutral fats in the cells. 
lipolysis (li-pol'is-is) [Gr. Kittos fat + Kiwis dis- 
solution]. The decomposition or splitting up of 
fat. 
lipolytic (li-po-lit'ik). Having the power of pro- 
ducing lipolysis; fat-splitting. 
lipoma (lip-o'mah) [Gr. Kittos fat 4- -upa tumor]. 
A fatty tumor; a tumor made up of fat-cells. 
Lipomata are painless and benign, but may be- 
come the seats of gangrene or fat-necrosis. 1. an- 
nula're col'li, diffuse lipomatosis in the neck 
producing a collar-like enlargement in the region. 
1. arbores'cens, a lipoma within a joint having a 
tree-like form. 1. capsula're, a fatty tumor due 
to increase of the fat adjacent to the mamma. 
1. caverno'sum, a lipoma containing blood 
spaces. 1. du'rum, steatoma. 1. fibro'sum, a 
fatty tumor with framework of fibrous tissue. 
1. myxomato'des, a myxolipoma, nevoid 1., 
a lipoma containing many blood-vessels. 1. ossif'- 
icans, a lipoma containing bony tissue. 1. 
petrif'icans, a calcified lipoma. 1. petrif 'icum 
ossif'icans, an ossified lipoma. 1. sarcoma- 
to'des, liposarcoma. telangiectatic 1., a 
lipoma containing dilated blood-vessels. 
lipomatoid (lip-o'mat-oid). Resembling a lipoma, 
lipomatosis (lip-o-ma-to'sis). An excessive pro- 
portion of fat in the tissues; obesity; also fatty 
degeneration. diffuse symmetric 1., ab- 
normal increase of subcutaneous fat in the parts 
above the pelvis, usually in males, nodular 
circumscribed 1., the formation of multiple 
circumscribed or encapsulated lipomas. They are 
often accompanied by local tenderness and con- 
stitutional symptoms. 
lipomatous (lip-o'mat-us). Affected with or of 
the nature of lipoma. 
lipomeria (lip-o-me're-ah) [Gr. Xetireiv to leave 4- 
pepos a part]. Monstrosity consisting of the con- 
genital absence of a limb. 
lipometabolic (lip''o-met-ab-ol'ik). Pertaining to 
metabolism of fat. 
lipometabolism (lip"o-met-ab'o-lizm) [Gr. Kittos 
fat 4" metabolism]. The metabolism of fat. 
lipomyoma (lip"o-mi-o'mah). A myoma contain- 
ing fatty tissue. 
lipomyxoma (lip"o-miks-o'mah) [lipoma 4- myx- 
oma]. A lipoma with myxomatous elements. 
lipopeptid (li-po-pep'tid). A compound of amino- 
acids and fatty acids. 
lipophrenia (lip-o-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. XelTreiv to fail 4- 
ipp-qv mind]. Failure of the mental powers. 
lipoprotein (li-po-pro'te-in). A compound of pro- 
tein with a lipin. 
liporhodin (lip-o-ro'din) [Gr. Xliros fat 4- pbhov 
rose]. A red lipochrome. 
LIPOGENIN 
617 
liposarcoma (lip"o-sar-ko'mah) [lipoma 4- sar- 
coma}. Sarcoma containing fatty elements. 
lipose, liposin (li'pos, li-po'sin) [Gr. \tiros fat]. 
A ferment occurring in the blood and having a 
fat-splitting influence. 
liposis (li-po'sis) [Gr. Kittos fat]. Lipomatosis. 
liposome (li'po-sdm) [Gr. Kittos fat + ow/za body]. 
One of the particles of lipoidal material held emul- 
sionized in tissues in the form of "invisible fat." 
lipostomy (li-pos'to-me) [Gr. KeiTreiv to leave 4* 
aTopa mouth]. Atrophy of the mouth. 
lipothymia (li-po-thim'e-ah) [Gr. KeiTretp to leave 
+ Ovpbs mind]. Faintness or swooning; a swoon 
or faint. 
lipotrophic (li-po-trof'ik). Increasing bodily fat. 
lipotrophy (li-pot'ro-fe) [Gr. Kittos fat + Tpotprf 
nutrition]. Increase of bodily fat. 
lipotropic (li-po-trop'ik). Having an affinity for 
fats or oils. 
lipotropy (li-pot'ro-pe) [Gr. Kittos fat + rpoiri) a 
turning]. Affinity for oils and fats or for fatty 
tissue. 
lipotuberculin (li-po-tu-ber'ku-lin). A lipovac- 
cine for tuberculosis. 
lipovaccine (li-po-vak'sin) [Gr. K/ttos fat 4- vaccine]. 
A vaccine prepared with a vegetable oil as the 
menstruum. 
lipoxanthin (lip-o-zan'thin) [Gr. Kittos fat 4- 
£av0os yellow]. A yellow lipochrome. 
lipoxeny (lip-ok'sen-e) [Gr. Xe'cneto to leave 4- 
£evos host]. The desertion of the host by a para- 
site. 
lipoxidemia (lip-oks-id-e'me-ah) [Gr. Kittos fat 4- 
o£us acid 4* alpa blood]. Same as lipacidemia. 
lipoxysm (lip-oks'izm) [Gr. Kittos fat 4- d£vs sharp, 
acid]. Poisoning by oleic acid. 
lipping (lip'ing). The development of a bony 
lip in osteoarthrosis. 
lippitude (lip'it-ud) [L. lippitu'do; lip'pus blear- 
eyed]. Marginal blepharitis or blear-eye. 
Lippmann's electrometer [Gabriel Lippmann, 
French physicist, born 1845]. See electrometer. 
lipuria (lip-u're-ah) [Gr. Kittos fat 4* ovpov urine]. 
The presence of oil or fat in the urine. 
Liq. Abbreviation for liquor. 
liqual (li'kwal). A solution of aluminum acetate- 
and hydrogen dioxid: used as a wound dressing. 
liquefacient (lik-we-fa'shent) [L. liquefa' ciens]. 
Having the quality to convert a solid material 
into a liquid, producing liquefaction. 
liquefaction (lik-we-fak'shun) [L. liquefac'tio; 
lique're to flow 4" fa'cere to make]. Change into 
a liquid form. 
liquefactive (lik-we-fak'tiv). Causing, pertaining 
to, or characterized by, liquefaction. 
liquescent (lik-wes'ent) [L. liques'cere to become 
liquid]. Tending to become liquid; becoming 
liquid. 
liqueur (li-ker') [Fr.]. An aromatized alcoholic 
drink; a cordial. 
liquid (lik'wid) [L. liq'uidus; liquefre to flow]. 
1. A substance that flows readily without being 
melted. 2. Flowing readily; neither solid nor 
gaseous. 1. air, air condensed by cold and pres- 
sure into a liquid: a most powerful refrigerant. 
Bonain's 1., an anesthetic for operations on the 
ear, consisting of phenol, 15 gr.; menthol, 15 gr.; and 
cocain hydrochlorid, 15 gr. Cohn's 1., a culture 
liquid for bacteria, consisting of a mixture of 1 part 
each of ashes of yeast and ammonium tartrate in 
100 parts of distilled water. Declat's 1., a solu- 
tion of carbolate of ammonia for external and in- 
ternal use in cholera. Dutch 1. See ethylene 
diamine. Ebner's 1., a decalcifying liquid for 
microscopic objects consisting of hydrochloric 
acid, 7 c.c.; distilled water, 100 c.c.; cold saturated 
solution of sodium chlorid, 100 c.c. 
LIQUID LIQUIDAMBAR 
618 
LITHIUM 
Liquidambar (lik-wid-am'bar) [L.]. 1. A genus 
of hamamelidaceous trees. L. orienta'lis and L. 
aidin'gia afford storax, and L. styracif'lua (sweet- 
gum tree), of North America, yields a fragrant, 
gummy balsam which is stimulant in diarrhea, 
coughs, etc. 2. The balsam afforded by L. styracif'- 
lua. 
liquiform (lik'wif-orm). Resembling a liquid. 
liquor (Eng. lik'er, Lat. li'kwor), pl. liquo'res [L. 
"a liquid "]. A liquid; an aqueous solution; a 
solution not obtained by distillation. 1. ac'idi 
arsenio'si, 1. arsen'ici hydrochlor'ici, a 
solution of arsenic trioxid in hydrochloric acid 
and water. Dose, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.). 1. 
adhse'sivus, a solution of nitrated cellulose in 
acetone, which, when applied to the skin, forms a 
film like collodion, alcoholic L, a beverage con- 
taining alcohol, whether distilled or fermented. 
1. am'nii, the fluid contained in the amnion. 
1. arse'ni brom'idi, Clemens' solution; a 1 per 
cent, solution of the bromid of arsenic. Dose, 1-5 
min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). 1. arse'ni et hydrar'- 
gyri iodi'di, Donovan's solution of the iodids 
of arsenic and mercury: used in syphilis and in 
skin diseases. Dose, 2-10 min. (0.133-0.666 c.c.). 
1. of Batavia, for cholera: laudanum, 6 c.c.; 
ether, 2J c.c.; orange-flower water, 6 c.c. 1. 
bellos'tii, a solution of mercury nitrate in 
water slightly acidified with nitric acid: used in 
testing the urine for paresis; 10 to 15 drops are 
added to a few cubic centimeters of urine. In 
negative cases a white or yellowish precipitate is 
formed; in positive cases the precipitate is gray or 
blackish, and the supernatant fluid is yellowish. 
1. cho'rii, the false waters; a liquid which separ- 
ates the amnion from the chorion in the early 
stages of gestation. 1. cor'neae, the liquid oc- 
cupying the lymph-spaces of the cornea. 1. 
cotun'nii, the perilymph of the internal ear. 1. 
di'astos, a digestant containing pepsin, diastase, 
trypsin, nux vomica, nitrohydrochloric acid, etc. 
distilled 1., any alcoholic beverage prepared by 
distillation. 1. enter'icus, the intestinal juice. 
1. epipas'ticus, a 50 per cent, acetic acid tincture 
of cantharides: used as a blistering liquid, fer- 
mented 1., a beverage prepared by fermentation. 
1. follic'uli, the fluid that fills the follicle or 
space around the developing ovum within the 
■ovary. 1. hypophy'sis, an aqueous extract of the 
.posterior lobe of the pituitary body of cattle, malt 
L, ale, beer, or other fermented beverage hav- 
ing malt as its basis. Morgagni's 1., the 
fluid between the eye-lens and its capsule. 1. 
morphi'nse aceta'tis, solution of acetate of mor- 
phin. Dose, 20-40 min. (1.333-2.666 c.c.). 1. 
morphi'nse hydrochlora'tis, solution of the 
hydrochlorid of morphin. Dose, 15-30 min. (1-2 
c.c.). 1. morphi'nse hypoder'micus, Magen- 
die's solution of the sulphate of morphin. 1. 
morphi'nse sulpha'tis, solution of sulphate of 
morphin. Dose, 10-40 min. (0.666-2.5 c.c.). 1. 
pancreat'icus, the pancreatic juice. 1. peri- 
car'dii, the pericardial fluid. 1. pi'cis alkali'- 
nus, a liquid consisting of 2 parts of pine tar, 1 
part of potassium hydroxid, and 5 parts of water: 
used externally for eczema. 1. potas'sii arseni- 
tis, 1. arsenica'lis, Fowler's solution of potas- 
sium arsenite: much used in chronic malarial disor- 
ders. Dose, 2-10 min. (0.133-0.666 c.c.). 1. pu'- 
ris, the more liquid or sanious portion of pus. 
1. san'guinis, the plasma or serum of the blood. 
1. scar'pse, the endolymph. 1. se'dans, a pro- 
prietary remedy containing black-haw, golden- 
seal, and Jamaica dogwood. It is a uterine sed- 
ative. 1. sem'inis, the fluid portion of the 
semen. Villate's 1. See Villate's solution, under 
solution. 
liquorice (lik'er-is). See Glycyrrhiza. 
Lisfranc's amputation, joint, ligament, 
tubercle (lis-frahnks') [Jacques Lisfranc, French 
surgeon, 1790-1847]. See amputation, joint, liga- 
ment, tubercle. 
lisping (lisp'ing). The substitution of the th 
sounds for s and z. 
Lissauer's tract (lis'ow-erz) [Heinrich Lissauer, 
German neurologist, 1861-1891]. See tract. 
lissencephalic (lis-en-sef-al'ik) [Gr. Xlaaos smooth 
+ eyKe<paXov brain]. Having a smooth brain; 
having a brain without convolutions. 
Lissoflagellata (lis"o-flag-el-a'tah) [Gr. Xlaaos 
smooth + flagellum]. A class of flagellate organisms 
having no protoplasmic collar at the base of the 
flagellum. 
Lister's antiseptic, dressing, etc. (lis'terz) 
[see listerism]. See antiseptic and dressing. 
listerine (lis'ter-en). A proprietary antiseptic 
and detergent compound containing boric and 
benzoic acids, thymol, and principles derived from 
eucalyptus, baptisia, gaultheria, etc. 
listerism (lis'ter-izm) [from Lord Joseph Lister, an 
English physician, 1827-1912, who introduced it]. 
The principles and practice of antiseptic and aseptic 
surgery. 
Listing's law (lis'tingz) [Johann Benedict Listing, 
German physiologist 1808-1882]. See law. 
listol (lis'tol). An antiseptic preparation con- 
taining thymol and iodin. 
Liston's forceps, knives, operation, etc. 
(lis'tonz) [Robert Liston, Scottish surgeon in Lon- 
don, 1794-1847]. See forceps, knife, operation, etc. 
liter (le'ter, li'ter) [Fr. li'tre]. One thousand cubic 
centimeters, or 1.056 quarts wine measure. 
lithsemia (lith-e'me-ah). See lithemia. 
lithagogue (lith'ag-og) [Gr. XIOos stone 4- dycbyeip 
to lead]. 1. Expelling calculi. 2. A remedy 
that expels calculi. 
lithangiuria (lith-an-je-u're-ah) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
ayytiov vessel + ovpov urine]. Calculous disease 
of the urinary tract. 
litharge (lith'arj) [Gr. XtOapyvpos', XIOos stone + 
apyvpos silver]. Fused lead protoxid, PbO. 
lithate (lith'at). A urate. 
lithectasy (lith-ek'tas-e) [Gr. XIOos stone + tx- 
raaLS extension]. The extraction of calculi through 
the mechanically dilated urethra. 
lithectomy (lith-ek'to-me). Same as lithotomy. 
lithemia (lith-e'me-ah) [lithic acid + Gr. aqua 
blood]. Excess of lithic or uric acid and the 
urates in the blood. It is due to imperfect metab- 
olism of the nitrogenous elements. 
lithemic (lith-e'mik). Pertaining to, affected with 
or of the nature of, lithemia. 
lithia (lith'e-ah). Lithium oxid, Li2O: an alkali. 
lithiasis (lith-i'as-is) [Gr. XiOos stone]. The 
formation of calculi and concretions; also the 
gouty diathesis, appendicular 1., a condition 
in which the lumen of the vermiform appendix 
becomes obstructed with calculi. The condition 
is said to run in families, and to be akin to gout 
and rheumatism. 1. conjuncti'vse, a condition 
marked by the formation of white, calcareous 
concretions in the acini of the meibomian glands, 
pancreatic 1., the presence of concretions in the 
pancreas. It is attended with colic, fat-diarrhea, 
diabetes, and emaciation. 
lithic acid (lith'ik). Same as uric acid. See 
acid. 
lithicosis (lith-ik-o'sis) [Gr. XiOucbs made of 
stone]. Pneumonokoniosis. 
lithiopiperazin (lith"e-o-pip-er/az-in). A pro- 
prietary lithium and piperazin compound: anti- 
arthritic. Daily dose, 15-45 gr. (1-3 gm.). 
lithium (lith'e-um) [Gr. XIOos stone]. A white 
metal; atomic weight, 6.94; symbol, Li; its oxid, 
lithia, Li2O, is alkaline; its salts are solvents of 
uric acid, and are therefore used in gouty and 
rheumatic affections. 1. benzoate, a salt, CeHj.- 
CO.O.Li, in a white powder or in scales. Dose, 5-15 LITHOCENOSIS 
619 
LITHOTOMY 
gr. (0.333-1 gm.). 1. bitartrate. See tart'arlithin. 
1. bromid, a white, deliquescent, granular sub- 
stance, LiBr, used in epilepsy, etc., like the other 
bromids. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.). 1. 
cacodylate, a salt, (CHa^AsOLi: used like so- 
dium cacodylate. 1.-caffein sulphonate, a 
salt used in gout and rheumatism: strongly com- 
mended as a diuretic. 1. carbonate, a white, 
powdery salt, LiaCOs; normal lithium carbonate: 
useful in urinary and calculous disorders. Dose, 
2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.). 1. citrate, a white, 
crystalline powder, CeHsOzLis: is used like the car- 
bonate. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.333 gm.). 1. ci- 
trate, effervescent, effervescent citrate of 
lithium: the ordinary citrate, 10 parts; common 
sugar, milk-sugar, and tartaric acid, each, 20 parts; 
sodium bicarbonate, 20 parts. Dose, 1 dr. (4 gm.). 
1. dithiosalicylate. 1. An amorphous salt, 
used in the treatment of gout and rheumatism. 2. 
A yellow salt of one of the nine dithiosalicylic 
acids, l.-diuretin, diuretin in which the sodium 
is replaced by lithium; double salicylate of theo- 
bromin and lithium: diuretic. Dose, 10-15 gr. 
(0.666-1 gm.). 1. formate, a salt in colorless 
needles, HCOOLi + H2O: used in gout and rheu- 
matism. Dose, 3 gr. (0.2 gm.). 1. glycerophos- 
phate, a white powder, CsH5(OH)2.PO2(OLi)2: a 
nerve tonic and antilithic. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 
gm.). 1. hippurate, a gout remedy. Dose, 5-20 
gr. (0.333-1-333 gm.). 1. iodate, a salt, LiIO3, 
used in gouty and renal disorders. Dose, 15-3 
gr. (0.1-0.2 gm.). 1. iodid, a white, crystalline 
body, Lil, in deliquescent prisms. 1. phenol- 
sulphonate, white crystals of lithium sulpho- 
carbolate, OH.C6H4.SO2.OLi: used in gonorrhea. 
1. salicylate [L. lith'ii salic'ylas], a white, crys- 
talline powder, 0H.CeH4.C00Li: used in rheu- 
matism. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 1. salolo- 
phosphite, the lithium salt of salol-ortho- 
phosphorous acid, C6H5.CO.O.CeH4.O.PO(OH) 
OLi. It is a white, crystalline compound, used in 
influenza and gout, in doses of 4-5 gr. (0.26-0.32). 
1. sozoiodolate, an antiseptic agent, lithium 
diiodopar aphenolsulphonic acid, OH.C6H2I2.SO2- 
OLi, in glancing white or yellowish plates. 1. sul- 
phocyanate, a white, crystalline powder, LiCNS. 
Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 gm.). 1. sulphoichthy- 
olate, a tarry substance: antirheumatic. Dose, 
8 gr. (0.5 gm.), l.-theobromin salicylate, a 
white, diuretic salt. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 1. 
valerate, a white powder used in rheumatism 
with nervous symptoms. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 
gm.). 1. vanadate, a yellow powder used in 
rheumatism. Dose, gr. (o 004 gm.) every other 
day. 
lithocenosis (lith"o-sen-o'sis) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
KevcoaLs evacuation]. The removal from the 
bladder of the fragments of calculi that have 
been crushed. 
lithoclast (lith'o-klast) [Gr. XIOos stone + KXav to 
crush]. A lithotrite, or stone-crushing forceps, 
of various forms. 
lithoclysmia (lith-o-kliz'me-ah) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
KXvapa clyster]. Treatment of calculus by in- 
jecting solvent liquids into the bladder. 
lithocystotomy (lith"o-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. XIOos 
stone + kvvtis bladder + to pi] cut]. A cutting 
operation for removing a stone from the bladder. 
lithodialysis (lith"o-di-al'is-is) [Gr. XIOos stone -f- 
SiaXveiv to dissolve]. 1. The solution of calculi 
in the bladder by injected solvents. 2. The 
crushing of a calculus in the bladder. 
lithogenesis, lithogeny (lith-o-jen'es-is, lith-oj'- 
en-e) [Gr. XIOos stone + yevvav to produce]. The 
formation of calculi. 
lithokelyphopedion (lith"o-kel-if-o-pe'de-on) [Gr. 
XIOos stone + KeXvipos sheath + iraiblov child], A 
lithopedion in which both the fetus and the mem- 
branes are petrified. 
lithokelyphos (lith-o-kel'if-os) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
KeXvtpos sheath]. A lithopedion in which the cal- 
cification is limited to the fetal membranes. 
lithokonion (lith-o-ko'ne-on) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
kopiav to pulverize]. An instrument for pulver- 
izing calculi in the bladder. 
litholapaxy (lith-ol'ap-aks-e) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
XaTrafis removal]. The crushing of a calculus in 
the bladder, followed at once by the washing out 
of the fragments. Bigelow's 1., the crushing of 
a stone by a special kind of lithotrite and the 
removal of the fragments by another apparatus. 
litholein (lith-o'le-in). A yellow antiseptic and 
parasiticide liquid; an oily derivative from petro- 
leum: for external use in skin diseases. 
lithology (lith-ol'o-je) [Gr. XIOos stone + Xoyos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
calculi and their treatment. 
litholysis (lith-ol'is-is) [Gr. XIOos stone + Xvais 
solution]. The solution of calculi in the bladder. 
litholyte (lith'o- lit) [Gr. XIOos stone + Xvais solu- 
tion]. An instrument used in injecting solvents 
of calculi into the bladder. 
lithometer (lith-om'et-er) [Gr. stone + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
calculi. 
lithometra (lith-o-me'trah) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
pi]Tpa womb]. Ossification of the uterus. 
lithomoscus (lith-o-mos'kus) [Gr. XWos stone + 
pbaxos calf]. Lithopedion in cattle. 
lithomyl (lith'o-mil) [Gr. Aldos stone + pvXr) mill]. 
An instrument for crushing a stone in the bladder. 
lithona (lith-o'nah). A preparation of lithia with 
saline laxatives. 
lithonephria (lith-o-nef're-ah) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
vetppbs kidney]. Any diseased condition due to 
the presence of calculi in the kidney. 
lithonephritis (lith"o-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
nephritis}. Inflammation of the kidney due to 
irritation of calculi. 
lithonephrotomy (lith"o-nef-rot'o-me) [Gr. XIOos 
stone + veippbs kidney + to pi] cut]. The opera- 
tive removal of a renal calculus. 
lithontriptic (lith-on-trip'tik). See lithotriptic. 
lithopedion, lithopsedion (lith-o-pe'de-on) [L. 
lithopce'dium; from Gr. XIOos stone + iratblov 
child]. A dead fetus that has become stony or 
petrified. 
lithophone (lith'o-fon) [Gr. XIOos stone + <puvi) 
sound]. A device for indicating the presence of 
a calculus by the sound which the latter emits 
when struck. 
lithopiperazin (lith"o-pip-er-a'zin). See lithio- 
piperazin. 
lithos (lith'os). A proprietary preparation of 
lithium bitartrate and sodium salicylate. 
lithoscope (lith'o-skop) [Gr. XIOos stone + aKoireiv 
to view]. An instrument for examining calculi 
in the bladder. 
lithosi$ (lith-o'sis) [Gr. XIOos stone]. A diseased 
condition of the lung due to the inhalation of fine 
particles of stone; grinders' disease. 
lithotome (lith'o-tom) [Gr. XIOos stone + repveiv to 
cut]. A knife for performing lithotomy. 
lithotomist (lith-ot'o-mist). One who performs a 
lithotomy. 
lithotomy (lith-ot'o-me) [Gr XIOos stone + repvtiv 
to cut]. The removal of a stone by cutting into 
the bladder; cystotomy, bilateral 1., one per- 
formed by a transverse incision across the peri- 
neum. lateral 1., one in which the cut is before 
the rectum and to one side of the raphe, marian 
1., median 1., one made on the raphe of the 
perineum before the anus, medio lateral 1., a 
combination of the median and lateral opera- 
tions. perineal 1., that in which the incision 
is made in the perineum, prerectal 1. See 
marian I. rectal 1., rectovesical 1., one 
performed within the dilated rectum, supra- 
pubic 1., one done with a cut above the pubes, 
vaginal 1., vesicovaginal 1., one performed 
by an incision within the vagina. LITHOTONY 
620 
LIVOR 
lithotony (lith-ot'o-ne) [Gr. XIOos stone + relveiv 
to stretch]. The creation of an artificial vesical 
fistula which is dilated to allow the extraction of 
a stone. 
lithotresis (lith-o-tre'sis) [Gr. XIOos stone + rpfjacs 
a boring]. The drilling or boring of holes in a 
calculus. 
lithotripsy (lith'o-trip-se) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
rpi^eiv to rub]. The crushing of a calculus 
within the bladder. 
lithotriptic (lith-o-trip'tik) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
rpl/3eiv to rub]. An agent that dissolves calculi. 
lithotriptor (lith'o-trip-tor) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
rpi^eiv to rub]. An instrument for crushing cal- 
culi in the bladder. 
lithotrite (lith'o-trit) [Gr. XIOos stone + rpl^eiv 
to rub]. An instrument for crushing a stone in 
the bladder. 
lithotrity (lith-ot'rit-e). The crushing of a vesi- 
cal calculus within the bladder by means of the 
lithotrite. 
lithous (lith'us) [Gr. XIOos stone]. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of a calculus. 
lithoxiduria (lith"oks-e-du're-ah) [Gr. XIOos stone 
+ oxid + Gr. ovpov urine]. The existence of xan- 
thic oxid in the urine. 
lithuresis (lith-u-re'sis) [Gr. XIOos stone + ovpqcris 
urination]. The passage of gravel through the 
urethra with the urine. 
lithureteria (lith"u-re-te're-ah) [Gr. XIOos stone + 
ovp-qrfjp ureter]. Calculous disease of the ureter. 
lithuria (lith-u're-ah) [Gr. XIOos stone + ovpov 
urine]. Excess of uric acid or of urates in the 
urine. 
litmus (lit'mus). A blue pigment prepared from 
Roccel'la tincto'ria and other lichens: used as a 
test for the presence of free acids and alkalis. 
See azolitmin. l.-milk, milk stained with litmus: 
used as a culturemedium. 1.-paper, paper im- 
pregnated with litmus: used as a test for alkalis 
and acids. 
litolein (lit-o'le-in). A yellow fluid distilled from 
petroleum: used as an antiseptic and antiparasitic 
in skin diseases. 
litre (le'ter) [Fr.]. See liter. 
Litten's sign (lit'enz) [Moritz Litten, German 
physician, 1845-1907]. See sign. 
litter (lit'er). A movable couch for transporting 
the sick or wounded. 
Little's disease (lit'elz) [William John Little, 
English physician, 1810-1894]. See disease. 
Littre's colotomy, glands, hernia, etc. (lit- 
raz') [Alexis Littre, French surgeon, 1658-1726]. 
See colotomy, gland, hernia, etc. 
littritis (lit-ri'tis). Inflammation of Littre's glands. 
Litzmann's obliquity (litz'manz) [Karl Konrad 
Theodor Litzmann, German gynecologist, 1815- 
1890]. See obliquity. 
live-blood. Twitching of the eyelids. 
livedo (liv-e'do) [L.]. A discolored spot or patch 
on the skin, commonly due to passive congestion. 
liver (liv'er) [L. jec'ur, hep'ar]. The glandular 
viscus that secretes bile. It measures from ten 
to twelve inches transversely, and from six to 
seven anteroposteriorly; it is three inches thick 
at its thickest part, and it weighs from three to 
four pounds. It is in the upper part of the ab- 
dominal cavity, occupying the right hypochon- 
driac, the epigastric, and part of the left hypo- 
chondriac regions. The liver has five fissures, 
five lobes, five ligaments, and five sets of vessels; 
it is inclosed in a fibrous coat, and is covered with 
peritoneum, except at the attachment of the cor- 
onary ligament. The lobes are: Right lobe, left 
lobe, lobus quadratus, lobus spigelii, lobus cauda- 
tus. The fissures are: The longitudinal fissure, 
the fissure for the ductus venosus, the transverse 
fissure, the fissure for the gall-bladder, the fissure 
for the vena cava. The ligaments are: The 
longitudinal ligament, the two lateral ligaments, 
the coronary ligament, the round ligament. The 
five sets of vessels are: Hepatic artery, portal vein, 
hepatic veins, hepatic ducts, lymphatics. In 
structure the liver is made up of lobes, the lobes of 
lobules, and the lobules of cells. The cells are 
surrounded by a capillary network derived from the 
hepatic artery and portal vein, and giving origin to 
the hepatic vein and hepatic duct. The function 
of the liver is to secrete bile, which is stored in the 
gall-bladder, and goes from this point into the intes- 
tine by means of the cystic duct and the ductus 
communis choledochus. It also forms glycogen 
from the maltose brought by the portal vein, stor- 
ing it in the liver-cells; it converts nitrogenous 
matters that accumulate in the alimentary canal 
into urea, and it takes part in the formation and 
destruction of blood-corpuscles. albuminoid 
1., amyloid 1., a liver which is the seat of an 
albuminoid or amyloid degeneration, beaver- 
tail 1., one having a peculiar deformity of the 
left lobe, biliary cirrhotic 1., one wherein the 
bile-ducts are clogged and distended, the sub- 
stance of the organ being inflamed, brimstone 
1., an enlarged liver of a deep yellow color, seen in 
some cases of congenital syphilis, bronze 1., the 
bronze-colored liver of malarial poisoning, car- 
diac 1. See stasis cirrhosis, under cirrhosis. 
cirrhotic 1., one that is the seat of a chronic 
inflammation, the bile-ducts being distended, 
degraded 1., a human liver divided into many 
lobes, like that of the gorilla, fatty 1., one 
affected with fatty degeneration and infiltration. 
Feuerstein's 1., smooth cirrhosis of the fiver due 
to congenital syphilis, floating 1. Same as 
wandering I. frosted 1., a liver in which the 
hepatic peritoneum is thickened, giving the organ 
a frosted appearance, gin-drinkers'1. Same as 
hobnail-l. hobnail-1., a fiver whose surface is 
marked with nail-like points from atrophic cirrhosis. 
icing-1., a liver covered by a thick coat, like icing, 
infantile 1. See biliary cirrhosis of children, under 
cirrhosis, infectious 1., a liver characterized 
by the presence of degenerative foci which have 
resulted from an infectious disease, iron-1. See 
siderosis, hepatic, lardaceous 1., amyloid liver. 
nutmeg-1., a liver presenting a mottled ap- 
pearance when cut. pigmented 1., a liver 
stained with blood-pigments: usually a result of 
malaria and melanemia. sago 1., a liver affected 
with amyloid degeneration, the acini resembling 
boiled sago grains, stasis 1. See stasis cirrhosis, 
under cirrhosis, tight-lace 1., one which is 
deformed by the use of tight corsets, tropical 
1., a condition of the unacclimated natives of the 
temperate zone residing in the tropics, marked by 
acute congestion of the liver and due to the effect 
of heat, excess of food and alcohol, and lack of 
exercise, wandering 1., a displaced and mov- 
able liver, waxy 1. See albuminoid I. 
liver-fluke. See Fasciola and Opisthorchis. 
liver-rot. A disease of sheep due to the liver-fluke, 
liver-spot. See chloasma, Fasciola hepatica, mor- 
phea, and 'tinea versicolor. 
liverwort (liv'er-wort). i. Any plant of the ra- 
nunculaceous old genus Hepafica (now Anemo'ne), 
formerly esteemed as remedies for liver disorders. 
2. Any cryptogamous plant of the order Hepat'ica: 
several species were formerly employed in diseases 
of the liver. 
livetin (li've-tin). A protein found along with lecithin 
in yolk of egg. 
livid (liv'id) [L. liifidus]. Discolored, as from the 
effects of contusion or congestion; black and blue. 
lividity (liv-id'it-e) [L. livid'itas]. The quality 
of being livid; discoloration, as of dependent 
parts, by the gravitation of the blood. 
Livierato's sign de-ve-er-at'oz) [P. E. Livieralo, 
Italian physician, born i860]. See under sign. 
livor (li'vor), pl. li'vores [L.]. 1. Lividity. 2. A LIXIVIATION 
621 
LOCALIZATION 
livid spot seen upon the dependent parts of a 
cadaver and due to capillary stasis. 
lixiviation (liks"iv-e-a'shun) [L. lixiv'ia lye]. 
The process of separating soluble from insoluble 
matter by dissolving out the soluble matter and 
drawing off the solution. 
lixivium (liks-iv'e-um) [L.]. Any alkaline filtrate 
obtained by leaching ashes or other similar pow- 
dered substance; lye. 
Lizars' operation (li'zarz) [John Lizars, Edin- 
burgh surgeon, 1808-1860]. See operation. 
llareta (lyah-ra'tah). A composite-flowered plant, 
Haplopap'pus Haruta, of Chili: its fluidextract is 
used as an internal remedy in gonorrhea. 
L. M. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Midwifery. 
L. M. A. Abbreviation for left mento-anterior posi- 
tion of the fetus in utero. 
L. M. P. Abbreviation for left mentoposterior posi- 
tion of the fetus in utero. 
L. O. A. Abbreviation for left occipito-anterior 
position of the fetus in utero. 
Lo'a lo'a. Filaria loa. 
loasis (lo'as-is). Infestation with Fila'ria lo'a. 
lobar (lo'bar). Of or pertaining to a lobe. 1. 
pneumonia. See pneumonia. 
Lobaria islandica (lo-ba're-ah is-land'e-kah). A 
variety of lichen, Lichen islandicus. 
lobate (lo'bat) [L. loba'tus], Provided with lobes 
or disposed in lobes. 
lobe (lob) [L. lo'bus', Gr. Xoflbs]- 1. A part of an 
organ or viscus demarcated by fissures or divisions. 
2. One of the main divisions of the crown of a tooth, 
appendicular 1., an abnormal tongue-shaped 
downward depression of a portion of the right lobe of 
the liver. Called also floating I., linguiform I., and 
Riedel's I. cacuminal 1., the superior semilunar 
lobe of the cerebellum, caudate 1. 1. The tail- 
like process of the liver. 2. A part of the me- 
dian lobe of the cerebellum, central 1., the 
island of Reil. crescentic 1's, two lobes (an- 
terior and posterior) on the upper surface of 
each hemisphere of the cerebellum, separated 
by the preclival fissure, cuneate 1., one of 
the convolutions on the internal surface of the 
cerebral hemisphere above the calcarine fissure, 
digastric 1., one of the lobes of the lower sur- 
face of the cerebellum, frontal 1., a cerebral lobe 
corresponding in position to the frontal bone. 
Home's 1., a third lobe of the prostate, some- 
times seen as a small, glandular structure be- 
tween the sphincter of the bladder and the caput 
gallinaginis: in old age it may become much 
•enlarged, lacing 1., a lobe of the liver produced 
by long-continued tight lacing, limbic 1. See 
gyrus fornicatus. linguiform 1. Same as 
Riedel's I. marginal 1., the first frontal convolu- 
tion of the cerebrum, median 1., the superior 
vermiform process of the cerebellum, occipital 
1., a cerebral lobe corresponding in position to the 
occipital bone, olfactory 1., a lobe of each 
hemisphere of the cerebrum composed of the ol- 
factory bulb, its crus, and the anterior part of the 
olfactory area, optic 1's, the corpora quadri- 
gemina. orbital 1., the under surface of the 
frontal lobe resting on the orbital bone, parietal 
1., a cerebral lobe corresponding in position to the 
parietal bone, pneumogastric 1., subpe- 
duncular 1., one of the lobes of the under surface 
of the cerebellum, prefrontal 1., the part of the 
frontal lobe of the brain anterior to the ascending 
convolution, pyriform 1., the lateral exposed 
portion of the olfactory cerebral cortex in lower 
mammals, quadrangular 1., quadrate 1. See 
square I. Riedel's 1., an abnormality of the liver 
consisting of a tongue-shaped portion of liver sub- 
stance attached to the right lobe, rolandic 1., the 
operculum of the insula, semilunar 1., the 
posterior lobe of the upper surface of either 
hemisphere of the cerebellum. slender 1., 
the fourth of the five lobes on the under surface 
of the cerebellar hemisphere, square 1. i. The 
anterior lobe on the superior surface of the cerebel- 
lum. 2. The precuneus. Called also quadrate I. 
supplemental 1., a tooth lobe which is addi- 
tional to the regular lobes of a tooth, temporal 
1., a lobe on the outer side and under surface of 
each cerebral hemisphere, temporosphenoid 
1., a cerebral lobe corresponding in position to the 
bones indicated by its name, uncinate 1., the 
internal part of the occipitotemporal convolu- 
tion. 
lobectomy (lo-bek'to-me) [L. lo'bus lobe + Gr. 
eKTour) excision]. Excision of a lobe of a gland, as 
the thyroid or of the lung. 
Lobelia (lo-be'le-ah) [after M. de Lobel]. A genus 
of lobeliaceous plants. The leaves and tops of 
L. infla'ta, an herb of North America, are acro- 
narcotic, emetic, sedative, expectorant, and de- 
pressant. They are used in asthma, croup, and 
whooping-cough. Dose of vinegar {ace'tum lobe'- 
lia), 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of fluidextract, 1-5 
min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). Emetic dose, 10-60 min. 
(0.6-4 c.c.); of infusion, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.); of 
tincture, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of extract, 1J-2 
gr. (0.099-0.13 gm.); of fluidextract of the seed, 1-10 
min. (0.066-0.666 c.c.). 
lobelin (lo-be'lin). A poisonous and acrid liquid 
alkaloid from lobelia; also a resinoid or concen- 
tration from the same. Dose of the latter, |-i gr. 
(0.016-0.066 gm.). 1. sulphate is used in asthma 
and whooping-cough. Dose, j-j gr. (0.015-0.03 
gm.). 
lobelism (lo-be'lizm). Poisoning by lobelia. 
lobengulism (lo-ben'gu-lizm). A disorder char- 
acterized by development of subcutaneous fat 
and with decrease of the sexual function. 
lobopodium (lo-bo-po'de-um), pl. lobopo'dia. A 
thick, coarse pseudopodium. See filopodium. 
Lobstein's cancer, ganglion, etc. (lob'stinz) 
[Johann Georg Lobstein, surgeon in Strassburg, 
1777-1835]. See cancer, ganglion, etc. 
lobular (lob'u-lar) [L. lobula'ris]. Of or pertaining 
to a lobule. 
lobulated (lob'u-la-ted). Made up of or divided 
into lobules. 
lobule (lob'yul) [L. lob'ulus, dim. of lo'bus lobe]. 
A little lobe or one of the primary divisions of a 
lobe, crescentic 1., the square lobe of the 
cerebellum, fusiform 1., a convolution on the 
median aspect of the brain, below the collateral 
fissure, petrosal 1. Same as flocculus. 
lobulette (lob-u-let') [Fr.]. 1. A minute lobule. 
2. Any one of the primary divisions of a lobule. 
lobulose, lobulous (lob'u-los, lob'u-lus). Having 
lobules. 
lobulus (lob'u-lus), pl. lob'uli [L.]. A lobe, lob'uli 
tes'tis, the bodies which make up the testicle, 
consisting of convoluted seminiferous tubules. 
lobus (lo'bus) [L.; Gr. Xo/36s]- A lobe. 1. biven- 
tra'lis, the cuneiform lobe of the cerebellum. 
1. cacu'minis, the presemilunar lobe of the 
cerebellum. 1. cli'vis, the quadrangular lobe 
of the cerebellum. 1. cul'minis. Same as 
culmen. 1. cuneifor'mis. Same as I. biven- 
tra'lis. 1. gra'cilis posterior, the posterior 
slender lobe of the cerebellum. 1. olfacto'rius 
[B N A]. See olfactory lobe, under lobe. 1. poste'- 
ro-infe'rior, 1. infe'rior semilunaris, 1. 
post-semiluna'ris, one of the lobes of the cere- 
bellum. 1. quadra'tus [B N A], Same as square 
lobe. 1. spige'lii, the smallest of the lobes of the 
liver. 1. tu'beris, the postsemilunar lobe of the 
cerebellum. 
local (lo'kal) [L. loca'lis], Restricted to or per- 
taining to one spot or part; not general. 
localization (lo"kal-iz-a'shun). 1. The determi- 
nation of the site or place of any process or lesion. 
2. Restriction to a circumscribed or limited area, 
cerebral 1., the determination of the situation 
of the various centers of the brain; also the limita- LOCALIZED 
622 
LOGOPLEGIA 
tion of the various cerebral faculties'to a particular 
center or organ of the brain. 
localized (lo'kal-izd). Not general; restricted to 
a limited region or to one or more spots. 
localizer (lo'kal-i-zer). An instrument for locating 
solid particles in the eyeball by means of the 
x-ray. 
Loc. dol. Abbreviation for L. lo'co dolen'ti, to the 
painful spot. 
lochia (lo'ke-ah) [Gr. X6%ia]. The vaginal dis- 
charge that takes place during the first week or 
two after childbirth. 1. alba, the whitish dis- 
charge normal after about the first six days after 
childbirth. 1. cru'enta, 1. ru'bra, the reddish, 
sanguineous flow of the first week after delivery. 
1. sero'sa, a serous or ichorous lochial discharge. 
lochial (lo'ke-al). Pertaining to the lochia. 
lochiocolpos (lo"ke-o-kol'pos) [lochia 4- Gr. 
koXttos vagina]. Distention of the vagina by 
retained lochia. 
lochiocyte (lo'ke-o-sit) [lochia 4- Gr. kvtos cell]. 
Any one of the characteristic decidual cells of the 
lochia. 
lochiometra (lo"ke-o-me'trah) [Gr. Xdxia lochia 
4- pfirpa uterus]. The retention or non-discharge 
of the lochia. 
lochiometritis (lo"ke-o-me-tri'tis) [lochia 4- me- 
tritis], Puerperal metritis. 
lochiopyra (lo-ke-op'ir-ah) [Gr. X6xia lochia 4- 
irvp fever]. Puerperal fever. 
lochiorrhagia (lo"ke-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. X6%ia lochia 
4- pr/yovpac to burst forth]. Same as lochiorrhea. 
lochiorrhea, lochiorrhoea (lo"ke-or-e'ah) [lo- 
chia 4- Gr. poia flow]. An abnormally free lochial 
discharge. 
lochioschesis (lo-ke-os'ke-sis) [lochia 4* Gr. 
axeais retention]. Retention of the lochia. 
lochometritis (lo"ko-me-tri'tis) [Gr. Xb\os child- 
birth 4- metritis]. Puerperal metritis. 
lochoperitonitis (lo"ko-per-e-to-ni'tis) [Gr. Xoxos 
childbirth 4- peritonitis]. Puerperal peritonitis. 
lock-finger (lok'fing-er). See finger. 
lockjaw (lok'jaw). Tetanus or trismus. 
Lockwood's ligament (lok'woodz) [Charles 
Barrett Lockwood, English surgeon, 1858-1914]. 
See ligament. 
loco (lo'ko) [Sp. " insane "]. 1. A name of various 
leguminous plants of the genera Astrag'alus, 
Hosack'ia, Sopho'ra, and Oxyt'ropis: poisonous 
to horses, cattle, and sheep. 2. Same as loco- 
ism. 3. An animal affected with locoism. 
locoism (lo'ko-izm). A disease of horses, cattle, 
and sheep ascribed to poisoning by loco. Called 
also loco-disease and loco-poisoning. 
locomotion (lo-ko-mo'shun) [L. lo'cus place 4- 
move're to move]. Movement from one place 
to another, quadruped 1., walking upon all 
fours: the only mode possible in certain extreme 
cases of tuberculosis of the spinal column. 
locomotive (lo-ko-mo'tiv). Pertaining to locomo- 
tion. 
locomotor (lo-ko-mo'tor). Of or pertaining to 
locomotion. 1. ataxia. See ataxia. 
locomotorial (lo"ko-mo-to're-al). Pertaining to 
the locomotorium. 
locomotorium (lo"ko-mo-to're-um). The motive 
apparatus of the body. 
locomotory (lo-ko-mo'tor-e). Pertaining to loco- 
motion. 
locular (lok'u-lar). Pertaining to a loculus, 
loculate (lok'u-lat). Divided into loculi. 
loculus (lok'u-lus), pl. loc'uli [L.]. A small space 
or cavity. 
locum, 1. tenens, 1. tenent (lo'kum, lo'kum 
ten'enz, lo'kum ten'ent). A practitioner who tem- 
porarily takes the place of another. 
locus (lo'kus). L. for place. 1. caeru'leus [B N A], 
1. cine'reus, 1. ferrugin'eus, a pigmented 
eminence in the superior angle of the floor of the 
fourth ventricle. 1. mino'ris resisten'tiae, a 
spot of lessened resistance; that organ or part 
which is most liable to take on a diseased condition 
in consequence of exposure to any morbific influ- 
ence. 1. ni'ger, a dark spot in the section of the 
crus cerebri between the tegmentum and crusta. 
1. perfora'tus ante'rior, a space on the inside 
of the fissure of Sylvius. 1. perfora'tus poste- 
rior, a similar space just in front of the pons. 1. 
ru'ber. See red nucleus, under nucleus. 
lodal (lo'dal). A preparation made by oxidizing 
laudanosin: used in uterine hemorrhage. 
lodua (lo-du'ah). The fruit of a plant: used as a 
remedy for tapeworm. 
loemology, loimology (le-mol'o-je, loi-mol'o-je) 
[Gr. Xocpbs plague + Xbyos word]. Same as 
lemology. 
loempe (lem'pe). Beriberi. 
Loeschia (lesh-e-ah). The name given by Chatton 
and Lalung-Bonnaire in 1912 to the parasitic amebae 
having no contractile vacuoles. See Entamoeba. 
L. coli. Same as Entamceba coli. L. gingiva'- 
lis, Entamceba gingivalis. L. histolyt'ica, Ent- 
amceba histolytica. 
loeschiasis (lesh-i'as-is). The diseased condition 
due to infection with parasites of the genus Loeschia; 
amebiasis. 
Loffler's bacillus, serum, etc. (lef'lerz) [Fried- 
erich A. J. Loffler, German bacteriologist, 1852- 
1915]. See bacillus, serum, etc. 
loffleria (lef-le're-ah) [after Loffler]. A disease in 
which the diphtheria (Klebs-Loffler) bacillus is 
present without the ordinary symptoms of diph- 
theria. 
lofotol (lof'o-tol). A preparation of cod-liver oil 
containing carbon dioxid. 
logadectomy (log-ad-ek'to-me) [Gr. Xoyabes con- 
junctivae + e.KTop-q excision]. Excision of a por- 
tion of the conjunctiva. 
logaditis (log-ad-i'tis) [Gr. Xoyabes conjunctivae 4- 
-ins inflammation]. Inflammation of the sclera. 
logadoblennorrhea (log"ad-o-blen-o-re'ah) [Gr. 
Xoyabes conjunctivae]. Egyptian conjunctivitis 
(C. Graefe). 
logagnosia (log-ag-no'ze-ah) [Gr. Xbyos word + 
a priv. + ypcoais knowledge]. Aphasia, alogia, or 
other central word defect. 
logagraphia (log-ag-raf'e-ah) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- 
a neg. + ypa<peip to write]. Inability to express 
ideas in writing. 
logamnesia (log-am-ne'ze-ah) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- 
appeaia forgetfulness]. Word-deafness or word- 
blindness. 
logaphasia (log-af-a'ze-ah) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- 
aphasia]. Inability to express ideas in speech, due 
to brain disease. 
logasthenia (log-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- 
asthenia]. Disturbance of that faculty of the mind 
which deals with speech comprehension. 
logokophosis (log"o-kof-o'sis) [Gr. Xbyos word + 
Kutpaiacs deafness]. Word-deafness; inability to 
comprehend spoken language. 
logomania (log-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- 
papla madness]. 1. Talkative insanity. 2. Apha- 
sia. 
logoneurosis (log"o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- 
neurosis]. Any neurosis with disorder of the 
speech. 
logopathy (log-op'ath-e) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- rrados 
illness]. Any disorder of speech of central origin, 
logopedia, logopedics (log-o-pe'de-ah, log-o-pe'- 
diks) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- orthopedics]. The study 
and treatment of speech defects. 
logoplegia (log-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. Xbyos word 4- 
TrX-qyri stroke]. 1. Any paralysis of the speech 
organs. 2. Inability to speak, while words are 
remembered. LOGORRHEA 
623 
LOUSE 
logorrhea, logorrhoea (log-or-e'ah) [Gr. Xbyos 
word 4- poia flow]. Excessive or abnormal volu- 
bility. 
logospasm dog7o-spazm) [Gr. Xbyos word + ffiraa- 
pos spasm]. The spasmodic utterance of words. 
logwood (log'wood). See Hcematoxylon. 
loiasis (lo-i'as-is). Infestation with Filaria loa. 
loimic (loi'mik) [Gr. Xoipbs plague]. Pertaining to 
the plague. 
loimographia (loi-mo-gra'fe-ah) [Gr. Xocpos plague 
+ ypatpeiv to write]. A description of the plague. 
loimology (loi-mol'o-je). See lemology. 
loin (loin) [L. lum'bus]. The part of the back be- 
tween the thorax and the pelvis. 
loliism (lo'le-izm). Lolism. 
lolism (lo'lizm). Poisoning by seeds of Lo'lium 
temulen' turn, or poisonous darnel. 
lomadera (lo-mad-e'rah). A variety of Texas 
cattle fever seen in Venezuela. 
Lombardi's sign (lom-bar'dez) [Antonio Lombardi, 
physician in Naples]. See under sign. 
lomi-lomi (lo"me-lo'me). A shampooing process 
practised in Polynesia. 
London paste (lun'dun). See paste. 
Long's coefficient [John Harper Long, American 
physician, born 1856]. See coefficient. 
longevity (lon-jev'it-e) [L. Ion'gus long 4- a^vum 
age]. Long life; the condition or quality of being 
long-lived. 
longiradiate (lon-ji-ra'de-at). Having long radia- 
tions; a term applied to certain neuroglia cells. 
longissimus dor'si (lon-jis'im-us) [L. "longest 
of the back"]. See muscles, table of. 
longitudinal (lon-jit-u'din-al) [L. longitu'do 
length]. Lengthwise; parallel to the long axis of 
the body. 
longsightedness (long-sit'ed-nes). See hyperopia. 
longus cap'itis (long'us) [L. "long (muscle) of 
the neck"]. See rectus capitis anticus major, in 
muscles, table of. 1. col'li. See muscles, table of. 
Loomis' mixture (loo'mis) [Alfred L. Loomis, 
physician in New York, 1831-1895]. See mixture. 
loop (loop). 1. A turn or sharp curve in a cord-like 
structure. 2. Any one of a set of corneal nerve 
end-organs somewhat resembling the hooks of the 
same structure. Gerdy's interauricular 1., 
a small muscular bundle in the interauricular 
septum of the heart. Henle's 1., a U-shaped 
turn in a uriniferous tubule of the kidney. Hyrtl ' S 
1., an occasional loop-like anastomosis between 
the right and left hypoglossal nerves in the genio- 
hyoid muscle, lenticular 1., nerve-fibers ex- 
tending between the lemniscus and the lenticular 
nucleus. 
loopful (loop'ful). The quantity of liquid that can 
be held within the loop of platinum wire used in 
transferring bacterial cultures. 
L. O. P. Abbreviation for left occipitoposterior 
position of the fetus in utero. 
lophius (lo'fe-us) [Gr. Xo<pos a ridge]. A ridge be- 
tween two furrows on the ventricular surface of 
the cerebrum. 
lophodont (lof'o-dont) [Gr. Xb<pos ridge 4- bbovs 
tooth]. Having the crown of the molar teeth in the 
form of ridges or crests. 
lophophorin (lo-fof'o-rin). A poisonous alkaloid 
from Anhalo'nium lewin'ii, having effects similar 
to those of anhalonin, but far more active. 
Lophophy'ton gallina'rum. A variety of acho- 
rion which causes comb disease in fowls. 
lophophytosis (lo-fof-i-to'sis). See comb disease, 
trader disease. 
Lophotrichea (lo-fo-trik'e-ah) [see lophotrichous], 
A group of bacteria, including those forms which 
have a tuft of cilia at one pole. 
lophotrichous (lo-fot'rik-us) [Gr. Xb<pos tuft 4- OpL^ 
hair]. Having a tuft of flagella: said of micro- 
organisms. 
lordoma (lor-do'mah). See lordosis. 
lordoscoliosis (lor"do-sko-le-o'sis) [lordosis + 
scoliosis}. Lordosis complicated with scoliosis. 
lordosis (lor-do'sis) [Gr. Xopbovv to bend]. Cur- 
vature of the spinal column with a forward con- 
vexity. 
lordotic (lor-dot'ik). Relating to or affected with 
lordosis. 
lorenit (lo'ren-it). A substance, OH.C6HI.(CH)3.- 
N.SO2.OH, in yellow plates or needles, isomeric 
with loretin: it is used as a wound dressing. 
Lorenz's operation, sign (lo'rentz) [Adolf 
Lorenz, Austrian surgeon, born 1854]. See operation 
and sign. 
Loreta's operation (lor-e'tahz) [Pietro Loreta, 
Italian surgeon, 1831-1889]. See operation. 
loretin (lo-re'tin) [after Loreta, a surgeon]. A yel- 
low, crystalline, antiseptic powder, OH.CeHL- 
(CH)3.N.SC>2.OH, or meta-iodo-ortho oxyquinolin- 
sulphonic acid. It is sparingly soluble in water and 
alcohol, and insoluble in ether and oils, though it 
forms emulsions with oily fluids. It is used ex- 
ternally like iodoform. 1. bismuth is used in 10 
per cent, ointment and in powder in various skin 
troubles. 
lorgnette, lorgnon (lorn-yet', lorn-yon') [Fr.]. 
A double eye-glass which can be shut into a frame 
that serves as a handle; also an opera glass. 
Loring's ophthalmoscope (lor'ingz) [Edward 
Greely Loring, American oculist, 1837-1888]. 
See ophthalmoscope. 
losophan (los'o-fan). Metacresol tri-iodid, CH3C6- 
HI3.OH, a crystalline substance, insoluble in water, 
and used in eczema and syphilis in 10 per cent, 
solution and in ointment. 
Lot. Abbreviation for L. lo'tio, lotion. 
lotahiston (lo-tah-his'ton). A histon found in the 
spermatozoa of the frog. 
lotase (lo'tas). An enzyme from Lo'tus arab'icus: 
it splits lotusin into lotoflavin, hydrocyanic acid, 
and. dextrose. 
lotio (lo'she-o). Latin for lotion. 1. adstrin'- 
gens, Warren's styptic: a mixture of sulphuric 
acid, 5 parts; alcohol, 4 parts; and oil of turpen- 
tine, 4 parts. 1. hydrar'gyri fla'va, yellow 
mercurial lotion or yellow wash. 1. hydrar'- 
gyri ni'gra, black mercurial lotion or black 
wash. 
lotion do'shun) [L. lo'tio]. A liquid preparation 
used for washing; a wash. Granville's 1., a 
lotion composed of stronger water of ammonia, 
spirit of camphor, and spirit of rosemary. Har- 
dy's 1., a lotion for removing freckles containing 
1 part of corrosive sublimate dissolved in alcohol, 
4 parts each of zinc sulphate and lead acetate, and 
250 parts of water. 
lotsil (lot'sil). A proprietary antipyretic, anal- 
gesic, and anodyne mixture. 
louchettes (loo-shets') [Fr.]. A kind of goggles 
worn for the correction of strabismus. 
Louis' angle (loo-ez') [Antoine Louis, French sur- 
geon, 1723-1792]. See angle. 
Louis' law (loo-ez') [Pierre Charles Alexander 
Louis, French physician, 1787-1872]. See law. 
loupe (loop) [Fr.]. A convex lens for magnifying 
or for concentrating light upon an object. 
louping-ill. See thorter-ill. 
louse (lows) [L. pedic'ulus}. A general name for 
various degraded parasitic insects; the true lice, 
which infest mammals, belong to the suborder 
Anoplu'ra. Those which are parasitic upon man 
are Pedic'ulus cap'itis, or head-louse; P. cor'poris, 
the body- or clothes-louse; and P. pu'bis, or crab- 
louse, which lives in the hair upon the pubes and 
in the eyelashes and eyebrows. The causal organ- 
isms of typhus fever, relapsing fever, trench fever. LOUSINESS 
624 
LUMBOCOSTAL 
and plague are transmitted by the bite of lice, 
chicken 1. See Dermanyssus. 
lousiness (low'ze-nes). Infestation with lice; 
pediculosis or phthiriasis. 
loutrotherapy (lu-tro-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Xovrpov bath 
+ Oepairela treatment]. The therapeutic use of 
baths, especially carbonated baths. 
lovage (luv'aj). The umbelliferous plant, Levis'- 
ticum officina'le, and its aromatic, carminative, and 
emmenagogue root. Dose of fluidextract, 30-120 
min. (2-8 c.c.). 
Lbwenberg's canal (la'wen-bergz) [Benjamin 
Benno Lbwenberg, German surgeon, born 1836]. 
See under canal. 
Lowenthal's reaction, tract (le'ven-talz) [Wil- 
helm Lowenthal, German physician, born 1850]. 
See reaction, tract. 
Lower's rings, tubercle (lo'erz) [Richard Lower, 
F.R.S., English anatomist, 1630-1691]. See ring 
and tubercle. 
loxa-bark (loks'ah). Pale cinchona bark. 
loxarthron (loks-ar'thron) [Gr. Xo^bs oblique 4- 
UpOpov joint]. An oblique deformity of a joint 
without luxation. 
loxophthalmus (loks-of-thal'mus) [Gr. Xo^bs 
oblique + b^pdaXpbs eye]. Strabismus. 
loxopterygin (loks-op-ter'ij-in). A white, amor- 
phous alkaloid, C36H34N2O2, from Loxopteryg'ium 
lorent'zii. 
Loxopterygium (loks"op-ter-ij'e-um) [Gr. Xo^bs 
oblique + irrepvyiov wing]. See quebracho. 
loxotic (lok-sot'ik) [Gr. Xo^bs oblique]. Slanting. 
loxotomy (loks-ot'o-me) [Gr. Xo^bs oblique + ropr) 
cutting]. Oblique amputation. 
lozenge (loz'enj) [Fr.]. A form of medicated troche. 
L. R. C. P. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the 
Royal College of Physicians. 
L. R. C. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the 
Royal College of Surgeons. 
L. R. C. S. E. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the 
Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. 
L. R. C. V. S. Abbreviation for Licentiate of the 
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. 
L. S. A. 1. Abbreviation for left sacro-anterior posi- 
tion of the fetus in utero. 2. Licentiate of Society 
of Apothecaries. 
L. S. P. Abbreviation for left sacroposterior posi- 
tion of the fetus in utero. 
Lu. Chemic symbol for lutecium. 
luargol (lu-ar'gol) [lues 4- argol}. An orange-colored 
powder, bromo-argento-ammoniated arseno-benzol: 
used like salvarsan in the treatment of syphilis and 
trypanosomiasis. Called also 102. 
luatol (lu'a-tol). Tartrobismuthate of potassium 
and sodium in 10 per cent, aqueous glucose solu- 
tion containing 40 per cent, of metallic bismuth: 
used for the treatment of syphilis. 
Lubarsch's crystals (loo'barshs) [Otto Lubarsch, 
German pathologist, born i860]. See crystal. 
lubraseptic (lu-brah-sep'tik). A disinfectant jelly 
prepared from chondrus and containing boric acid 
and formaldehyd. 
lubrichondrin (lu-brik-on'drin). A proprietary 
surgical and obstetric lubricant made from Chon'- 
drus cris'pus, eucalyptol, and formaldehyd. 
Luc's operation (lies) [Henri Luc, French laryn- 
gologist, born 1855]. Caldwell-Luc operation. See 
operation. 
Lucae's probe (loo'kaz) [Johann C. A. Lucae, 
otologist in Berlin, 1835-1911]. See under probe. 
Lucaena glau'ca (lu-se'nah). A South American 
plant: its seed is said to destroy the hair of animals 
that eat it, to abolish completely the sexual appe- 
tite, and to cause remarkable fatness. The bark 
and root are used as emmenagogues. It is known 
as wild tamarind and jambul. 
Lucas' sign (loo'kas) [Richard Clement Lucas, 
English physician, 1846-1915]. Enlargement of 
the abdomen in rickets. 
Lucas-Championniere's disease (le-kah'-shaw- 
pe-on-e-airz') [Just Marie Marcellin Lucas-Cham- 
pionniere, French surgeon, 1843-1913]. Pseudo- 
membranous bronchitis. 
Luciani's triad (loo-se-an'ez) [Luigi Luciani, 
Italian Physiologist, 1840-1919]. See triad. 
lucid (lu'sid) [L. lu'cidus clear]. Clear; not obscure; 
as, lucid interval. 
lucidification (lu-sid"if-ik-a'shun) [L. lu'cidus 
clear + fa'cere to make]. The clearing up of the 
protoplasm of cells. 
lucidity (lu-sid'it-e). The quality or state of hav- 
ing a clear mind; clearness of the mind. 
luciferase (lu-sif'er-as). An enzyme produced by 
Pho'las dac'tylus, a luminiferous marine mollusk. 
When its aqueous solution is mixed with the alco- 
holic solution of luciferin, light is produced. 
luciferin (lu-sif'er-in). A principle produced by 
Pho'las dac'tylus, a luminiferous marine mollusk. 
Combined with luciferase it emits light. 
lucifugal (lu-sif'u-gal) [L. lux light + fuga're to 
flee]. Avoiding bright light. 
Lucilia (lu-sil'e-ah). A genus of flies which have a 
blue or green metallic iridescence. L. cae'sar is 
the common "gold-fly" and its larvae have been 
found in the intestine and in myiasis of the skin. 
L. no'bills has been found in the external 
meatus. L. regina and L. serica'ta have been 
found in wounds and in myiasis. 
lucium (lu'se-um). A chemic element discovered 
in 1896. 
Lucke's test (lek'ez) [Georg Albert Lucke, German 
surgeon, 1829-1894]. See under tests. 
lucotherapy (lu-ko-ther'ap-e) [L. lux light 4- 
therapy}. The treatment of disease by rays of 
light. 
Ludloff's sign (lood'lawfs) [Karl Ludlojf, surgeon in 
Breslau, born 1864]. See under sign. 
Ludwig's angina (lood'vigz) [Wilhelm Friedrich 
von Ludwig, German surgeon, 1790-1865]. See 
angina. 
Ludwig's angle (lood'vigz) [Daniel Ludwig, Ger- 
man anatomist, 1625-1680]. See under angle. 
Ludwig's ganglion (lood'vigz) [Karl Friedrich 
Wilhelm Ludwig, German physiologist, 1816-1895]. 
See ganglion. 
lues (lu'ez) [L.]. The plague: more frequently, 
syphilis. 1. nervo'sa, syphilis with marked 
nervous lesions. 1. vene'rea, syphilis. 
luesan (lu'es-an). A compound of mercury and 
glidin: uses! in syphilis. 
luetic (lu-et'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
syphilis. 
luetin (lu'et-in) [L. lu'es syphilis]. An extract of a 
killed culture of several strains of Treponema palli- 
dum: used in the skin test for syphilis. See Nogu- 
chi's luetin reaction under reaction. 
Lugol's caustic, solution (lu'golz) [J. G. A. 
Lugol, physician in Paris, 1786-1851]. See caustic 
and solution. 
lumbago (lum-ba'go) [L. lum'bus loin]. Pain in the 
lumbar region; backache, ischemic 1., pain in 
the back due to vascular causes. 
lumbar (lum'bar). Pertaining to the loins. 
lumbo-abdominal (lum"bo-ab-dom'in-al). Per- 
taining to the loins and abdomen. 
lumbocolostomy (lum"bo-ko-los'to-me) [L. lum'- 
bus loin + colostomy}. The operation of. forming 
a permanent opening into the colon by an incision 
through the lumbar region. 
lumbocolotomy (lum"bo-ko-lot'o-me) [L. lum'bus 
loin + colotomy}. An incision into the colon 
through the loin. 
lumbocostal (lum-bo-kos'tal) [L. lum'bus loin + 
cos'ta rib]. Pertaining to the loin and ribs. LUMBODORSAL 
625 
LUPUS 
lumbodorsal (lum-bo-dor'sal). Pertaining to the 
lumbar and dorsal regions. 
lumbodynia (lum-bo-din'e-ah) [L. lum'bus loin 4- 
Gr. bbvvq pain]. Lumbago. 
lumbo-iliac (lum-bo-il'e-ak). Pertaining to the 
loin and ilium. 
lumbo-ovarian (lum"bo-o-va're-an). Connecting 
the loins and the ovary. 
lumbosacral (lum-bo-sa'kral). Pertaining to the 
loins and sacrum. 
lumbricalis (lum-brik-a'lis) [L. lum'bus loin]. See 
muscles, table of. 
lumbricide (lum'bris-Id) [L. lum'bricus earthworm 
+ ca'dere to kill]. Destroying lumbricoid worms: 
also a drug so acting. 
lumbricin (lum'bris-in). A hemolytic substance 
extracted from earth-worms. 
lumbricoid (lum'brik-oid) [L. lumbri'cus earth- 
worm + Gr. elbos form]. Resembling the earth- 
worm. 
lumbricosis (lum-brik-o'sis). The condition of 
being infected with lumbrici. 
Lumbricus (lum-bri'kus), pl. lumbri'ci [L.]. 1. A 
genus of annelids, including the earthworm. 2. 
The ascaris (q. v.) or round intestinal worm. 
lumbus (lum'bus). Latin for loin. 
lumen (lu'men), pl. lu'mina [L. "light"]. A trans- 
verse section of the clear space within a tube, 
residual 1., the remains of the original lumen in 
the pituitary pouch. 
luminal (lu'min-al). 1. Pertaining to the lumen of a 
tubular structure. 2. Phenylethylbarbituric acid, 
or phenylethylmalonylurea, C6H5(C2H5).C(CO.- 
NH)2.C0, a white, odorless substance having 
hypnotic properties. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.1-0.6 gm.). 
Called also phenobarbital. 1. sodium, the mono- 
sodium salt of luminal: used as a hypnotic in doses 
of 1-2 gr. (0.06-0.12 gm.). 
luminescence (lu-min-es'ens). The property of 
giving off light without showing a corresponding 
degree of heat. 
luminiferous (lu-min-if'er-us) [L. lu'men light + 
fey re to bear]. Conveying light or propagating 
those vibrations which constitute light. 
luminophore (lu'min-o-for) [L. lu'men light + Gr. 
<pbpos bearing]. A chemical group which gives the 
property of luminescence to organic compounds. 
lumpy-jaw (lum'pe-jaw). See actinomycosis. 
lunacy (lu'nas-e) [L. lu'na moon]. Insanity; for- 
merly supposed to be sometimes due to or affected 
by the influence of the moon. 
lunar (lu'nar) [L. luna'ris; lu'na moon, also silver]. 
Pertaining to or containing silver. 
lunare (lu-na're). The semilunar bone. 
lunargen (lu-nar.'jen). A proprietary astringent 
and antiseptic, a combination of silver with a 
vegetable protein. 
lunatic (lu'nat-ik) [L. lunat'zcus; from lu'na moon]. 
1. Insane; moonstruck. 2. An insane person. 
lunatism (lu'nat-izm) [L. lu'na moon]. 1. A dis- 
ease varying with the lunar changes. 2. Sleep- 
walking during moonlight. 
Lundvall's blood crisis (loond'valz) [Halvar 
Lundy all, Swedish neurologist]. See under crisis. 
lung (lung) [L. pul'mo; pl. puhno'nes]. The organ 
of respiration; either one of a pair of respiratory 
organs which effect the aeration of the blood. 
The lungs occupy the lateral cavities of the chest, 
and are separated from each other by the heart 
and mediastinal structures. The right lung has 
three lobes and the left two. The lung consists of 
an external serous coat (the visceral layer of the 
pleura), subserous areolar tissue, and the lung 
parenchyma. The latter is made up of lobules, 
which are bound together by connective tissue. A 
primary lobule consists of a bronchiole and infun- 
dibulum, or air-passage, communicating with many 
air-cells, each air-cell being surrounded by a net- 
work of capillary blood-vessels. 1. fever, pneu- 
monia. fibroid 1., a lung affected with chronic 
interstitial pneumonia. 1.-fluke. See Distoma 
ringeri. honeycomb 1., a lung containing 
numerous small pus-filled cavities, masons' 1., 
a lung affected with pneumonokoniosis due to the 
inhalation of lime, gypsum, etc. miners' 1., an- 
thracosis. 1.-plague. See pleuropneumonia (2d 
def.). 
lungmotor (lung'mo-tor). An apparatus for forc- 
ing air or air and oxygen into the lungs in cases of 
asphyxia. 
lunula (lu'nu-lah) [L. dim. of lu'na moon], 1. The 
whitish crescent at the root of the nail. 2. Semi- 
lunar ulcer of the cornea (Hirschberg), a depressed 
area on the frons of a dipterous insect just above 
the antennae. 1. val'vula semiluna'ris, the free 
edge of the semilunar valve at each side of the 
corpus arantii. 
lupanin (lu'pan-in). A poisonous alkaloid, Ci5H24- 
N2O, from Lupi'nus angustifo'lius. 
lupeose (lu'pe-6s). A tetrasaccharid from the seeds 
of lupines. 
lupetazin (lu-pet'a-zin). Dimethylpiperazin; a 
white, crystalline powder, HN(CH2.CHCH3)2NH: 
used in gout and rheumatism. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
lupia (lu'pe-ah). An old term for encysted tumor 
of the eyelids (Himley). 
lupiform (lu'pif-orm) [L. lu' pus + for'ma form]. 
1. Resembling lupus. 2. Resembling a wen. 
lupine (lu'pin) [L. lupi'nus]. Any leguminous 
plant of the genus Lupi'nus: many species are cul- 
tivated as forage plants, and the seeds of some are 
used as pulse for food, but several species are 
actively poisonous. 
lupinidin (lu-pin id-in). A poisonous liquid base, 
C8Hi5N, from lupines. 
lupinin (lu'pin-in). A poisonous alkaloid, C21H40- 
N2O2, from lupines. 
lupinosis (lu-pin-o'sis). A disease, often fatal, 
ascribed to poisoning by lupines or by the chick- 
pea; lathyrism. 
lupinotoxin (lu" pin-o-toks'in). A poisonous aro- 
matic principle from diseased lupines: believed to 
be the product of a parasitic microphyte. 
lupoid (lu'poid). 1. Same as lupiform. 2. A lupi- 
form disease of the skin, described by Boeck, and 
ascribed to an acid-fast bacillus. Called also 
tuberculosis cutis typus Boeck. 
lupoma (lu-po'mah) [lupus + Gr. -upa tumor]. 
The nodosity whence lupus is developed. 
lupous (lu'pus) [L. lupo'sus]. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of lupus. 
lupulin (lu'pu-lin) [L. lupuli'num; lu'pulus hop]. 
A yellow, resinous powder from hops: sedative and 
stomachic. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.); of 
fluidextract, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.); of oleoresin, 
10-40 min. (0.666-2.666 c.c.). 
lupulus (lu'pu-lus) [L.]. Hops. See hops. 
lupus (lu'pus) [L. "wolf"]. Lupus vulgaris; a tu- 
bercular disease of the skin and mucous mem- 
brane, marked by the formation of brownish 
nodules in the corium. The lesions appear in 
various forms, and, according to their character, 
different varieties of the affection are named. 
1. annulaTis, lupus occurring in a circle which 
heals at the center while spreading at the circum- 
ference. butterfly 1., lupus of the skin of the 
nose and cheeks. Cazenave's 1. Same as I. 
erythematosus. 1. discre'tus, lupus disseminatus. 
disseminated follicular L, lupus of the face ex- 
pressed in large and small papules. 1. dissem- 
ina'tus, lupus manifested in a growth of scat- 
tered nodules. 1. erythemato'sus, a chronic, 
non-tuberculous disease of the skin marked by 
disk-like patches with raised reddish edges and 
depressed centers, and covered with scales or 
crusts. These fall off, leaving dull-white cica- LURA 
626 
LYMPH 
trices. Called also I. erythematodes, I. sebaceus, 
and Cazenove's I. 1. ex'edens, true or typical 
tuberculous lupus. See lupus. 1. exfoliati'vus, 
lupus with desquamation. Hilliard's 1., lupus 
marginatus. 1. hypertrophic'us, a kind marked 
by the formation of vegetations. Called also I. 
vegetans. 1. impetigino'sus, a form with 
tubercles (but not due to Bacil'lus tuberculo'sis) 
covered with persistent dark crusts. Called also 
pustular I. 1. liv'ido, persistent livid lesions on 
the extremities, allied to Raynaud's disease. 1. 
maculo'sus, a variety of true lupus in which the 
skin lesions have the form of macules. 1. mar- 
gina'tus, lupus verrucosus on the hands and 
arms. 1. non-ex'edens, a variety without 
ulcerations. 1. papillomato'sus, lupus ver- 
rucosus. 1. per'nio, lupus beginning as a chil- 
blain. pustular 1. See I. impetiginosus. 1. 
sclero'sus, a form in which the lesions have a 
hard center and a hard, elevated border. 1. 
seba'ceus, See I. erythematosus. 1. serpigino'- 
sus, a variety that spreads by serpiginous growth. 
1. tuberculo'sus, a variety characterized by the 
formation of more or less typic tubercles. 1. tu'- 
midus, a form marked by subcutaneous infiltra- 
tion and doughy swelling. 1. veg'etans. See I. 
hypertrophicus. 1. verruco'sus, 1. vo'rax, true 
lupus. 1. vulga'ris. See lupus. Willard's 1., 
tuberculous lupus. 
Iura (lu'ra) [L. "mouth of a bag"]. The orifice 
of the infundibulum of the brain. 
lural (lu'ral). Pertaining to the Iura. 
Luschka's gland, tonsil, etc. (lush'kahz) [Her- 
bert von Luschka, German anatomist, 1820-1875]. 
See gland, tonsil, etc. 
Lusk's ring (lusks) [William Thompson Lusk, 
New York physician, 1838-1897]. Bandl's ring. 
Lustgarten's bacillus (loost'gar-tenz) [Sigmund 
Lustgarten, Austrian physician in New York, 1857- 
1911]. See bacillus. 
Lustig's serum (loos'tigz) [Alessandro Lustig, 
contemporary Italian physician]. See serum. 
lusus naturae (lu'sus na-tu're) [L.]. A teratism 
or freak of nature. 
lute (lut) [L. lu'tum mud]. A paste for covering 
the joints of vessels. 
lutecium (lu-te'she-um). A rare element having 
atomic weight 175 and the symbol Lu. 
lutein (lu'te-in) [L. lu'teus yellow]. 1. A yellow 
pigment, or lipochrome, from the corpus luteum, 
from fat-cells, and from the yolk of eggs. 2. Any 
lipochrome, serum-1., a lipochrome found in 
blood-serum. 
luteolipoid (lu"te-o-li'poid). A compound isolated 
from the corpus luteum: said to have a hemostatic 
influence on menstruation. Cf. lipamin. 
lutidin (lu'tid-in). A liquid compound, C5H3N- 
(CHsh, or dimethylpyridin, formed by the distilla- 
tion of coal-tar. beta-1., b-1., a colorless liquid, 
C7H9N, with narcotic and antispasmodic proper- 
ties: used as an antidote to strychnin. 
luxatio (luks-a'she-o) [L.]. A dislocation. 1. 
erec'ta, dislocation of the shoulder so that the 
arm stands straight up above the head. 1. im- 
perfec'ta, a sprain. 1. perinea'lis, a form of 
dislocation of the hip in which the head of the 
femur lies in the perineum. 
luxation (luks-a'shun) [L. luxa'tio], Same as 
dislocation. 
luxuriant (luk-su're-ant). Growing freely or ex- 
cessively. 
luxus (luks'us). Latin for excess. See under 
consumption and heart. 
Luys' body (lu-ez') [Jules Bernard Luys, French 
physician, 1828-1898]. The sub thalamus. 
Luys' segregator or separator (lu-ez') [Georges 
Luys, contemporary French physician]. See 
segregator. 
luz (looz) [Hebrew]. A mythical bone of the Tal- 
mudists, from which the body was supposed to be 
restored at the resurrection; located in the lower 
part of the spinal column. 
lycaconitin (li-kah-kon'it-in) [Gr. Xvkos wolf + 
aconite], A highly poisonous alkaloid from 
A coni'turn lycoc'tonum. 
lycanthropy (li-kan'thro-pe) [Gr. Xvkos wolf + 
avOpunros man]. A delusion in which the patient 
believes himself a wolf. 
lycetol (li'se-tol). Dimethylpiperazin tartrate, a 
white powder, soluble in water, NH(CH2CHCH3)2- 
NH.CHOH.COO)2: a patented remedy for gout 
and rheumatism. Dose, 4-10 gr. (0.26-0.66 gm.) 
daily. 
lychnin (lik'nin). A poisonous glucosid or ^sap- 
onin from species of Lych'nis. 
lycin (li'sin). Same as betain. 
lycoctonin (li-kok'to-nin). An alkaloid from 
A coni'turn lycoc'tonum. 
lycomania (li-ko-ma'ne-ah). Same as lycanthropy. 
Lycoperdon (li-ko-per'don) [Gr. Xvkos wolf ■+ 
irepbeaGai to break wind]; A genus of fungi; 
puffballs. L. bovis'ta, L. gigan'teum, and other 
species are said to be anodyne, anesthetic, and 
styptic, and have a limited use in medicine. 
lycopin (li'ko-pin). A resinoid preparation from 
Ly'copus virgin'icus: used as a tonic and stimulant 
in diseases of the mucous membranes. Dose, 
1-4 gr. (0.066-0.26 gm.). 
Lycopodium (li-ko-po'de-um) [Gr. Xvkos wolf + 
irovs foot]. A genus of club-mosses. The yel- 
low, inflammable sporules of L. clava'tum form 
a light, dry powder, used as a dusting- and ab- 
sorbent powder, and as a coating for pills. It is 
much used in homeopathy as a remedy. Several 
species are actively poisonous. 
Lycopus europse'us (li'ko-pus). The bitter bugle- 
weed of Europe: tonic and alterative. Dose of 
fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
lycorexia (li-ko-reks'e-ah) [Gr. Xvkos wolf + ope^is 
appetite]. Ravenous, wolfish hunger. 
lycorin (lik'o-rin). A crystalline alkaloid, C32H32- 
O8N2, from Lyco'ris radia'ta, a Japanese plant. 
lycosin-quinin (li-ko-sin-kwin'in). A combina- 
tion of quinin and di-o-oxy dibenzol acetone: 
used as a dusting-powder. 
lye (li). An alkaline percolate from wood-ashes; 
lixivium. 
lygosin (li'go-sin). A greenish, crystalline sub- 
stance, sodium lygosinate, CO(CH : CH.C6H4.- 
ONa)2-7H2O: used like silver in gonorrhea. 
lying-in (li-ing-in'). 1. Puerperal. 2. The pu- 
erperium. 
lymph (limf) [L. lym'pha water]. 1. A transpa- 
rent, slightly yellow liquid of alkaline reaction 
which fills the lymphatic vessels. It is occasion- 
ally of a light rose color from the presence of red 
blood-corpuscles, and is often opalescent from 
particles of fat. Under the microscope lymph is 
seen to consist of a liquid portion {liquor lymphce) 
and of corpuscles. These lymph-corpuscles are 
about of an inch in diameter, are granu- 
lar, and are not to be distinguished from white 
blood-cells. Lymph coagulates when drawn from 
the body. Lymph liquor differs chemically from 
the blood liquor, rather in quantity than in constit- 
uents, both fluids consisting of water, albumin, 
fibrin, and salts. The lymph contains as much 
fibrin as the blood, but less albumin; more water, 
but an equal quantity of salts. 2. Any clear, 
watery fluid resembling true lymph, animal 1., 
vaccine or other lymph from an animal, aplas- 
tic 1., lymph that contains an excess of leuko- 
cytes and does not tend to become organized. 
Called also corpuscular I. blood-1., lymph de- 
rived from the blood by transudation, bovine 
1., vaccine lymph from the cow. calf-1., lymph 
for vaccination obtained from calves, corpuscu- LYMPHADEN 
627 
LYMPHATITIS 
lari. See aplastic I. croupous 1., inflammatory 
lymph that tends to the formation of a false mem- 
brane. euplastic 1., fibrinous 1., that which 
tends to coagulate and become organized, gly- 
cerinated 1., vaccine virus mixed with glycerin 
in order to destroy any bacteria, humanized 1., 
vaccine virus from the human subject, inflam- 
matory 1., the lymph produced by inflammation, 
as in a wound. Koch's 1. See tuberculin. 
l.-node, any one of the numerous nodules com- 
posed of lymphoid tissue occurring along the course 
of the lymphatic vessels, plastic 1. 1. That 
from, which embryonic tissue is formed. 2. In- 
flammatory lymph that has a tendency to become 
organized. 1.-space, any cistern, cavity, or 
receptacle for lymph. 1.-spaces, epidural, a 
system of lymph-clefts and slits on the outer surface 
of the dura, tissue-1., lymph derived from the 
tissues and not from the blood, vaccine 1., the 
serous exudate from the vesicles of cow-pox. 
lymphaden (lim'fad-en) [L. lym'pha lymph + Gr. 
abf)v gland]. A lymphatic gland. 
lymphadenectasis (lim"fad-en-ek'tas-is) [L. lym'- 
pha lymph Gr. abijv gland + eKraais disten- 
tion]. Dilatation of a lymphatic gland. 
lymphadenhypertrophy (lim-fad"en-hi-per'tro- 
fe) [lymphaden + hypertrophy]. Hypertrophy of 
lymphatic glands. 
lymphadenia (lim-fad-e'ne-ah). [See lymphaden] 
Hypertrophy of lymphatic tissue. 1. os'sea. 
See myeloma. 
lymphadenism (lim-fad'en-izm). The diseased 
condition that accompanies lymphadenoma. 
lymphadenitis (lim"fad-en-i'tis) [L. lym'pha water 
+ Gr. ab-qv gland + -itis inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of lymph-glands. It may be tuberculous 
or syphilitic, paratuberculous 1., inflam- 
mation of the lymph-nodes associated with tuber- 
culosis of some other part, but showing no tubercle 
bacilli in the lymphatics. 
lymphadenoid (lim-fad'en-oid) [L. lym'pha lymph 
+ Gr. &bjv gland + eibos form]. Resembling 
a lymphatic gland or lymphatic tissue. Lymph- 
adenoid tissue includes the lymph-glands, spleen, 
bone-marrow, tonsils, and the lymphatic tissue of 
the organs and mucous membranes. 
lymphadenoleukopoiesis (lim-fad"en-o-lu-ko- 
poi-e'sis). The production of leukocytes by the 
lymphadenoid tissue. 
lymphadenoma (lim"fad-en-o'mah). Hyperpla- 
sia of the lymphadenoid tissue; lymphoma, ma- 
lignant 1., lymphosarcoma, multiple 1., 
Hodgkin's disease. 
lymphadenomatosis (lim-fad"en-o-mat-o'sis). 
Lymphomatosis, general 1. of bones, Kahler's 
disease. 
lymphadenopathy (lim-fad-en-op'ath-e) [lym- 
phaden + Gr. sr ados disease]. Disease of the lymph- 
glands. 
lymphadenosis (lim-fad-en-o'sis). [See lymphad- 
en] Hypertrophy of lymphatic tissue, aleuke- 
mic 1., a disease marked by diffuse generalized 
hyperplasia of the lymphadenoid system (lymph- 
glands, spleen, bone-marrow, tonsils, and other 
lymphatic tissues), but without leukemia, leu- 
kemic a., lymphatic leukemia. 
lymphsemia (lim-fe'me-ah). See lymphemia. 
lymphagogue (lim'fag-og). An agent which pro- 
motes the production of lymph. 
lymphangeitis, lymphangiitis (lim"fan-je-i'tis). 
See lymphangitis. 
lymphangial (lim-fan'je-al). Pertaining to a lym- 
phatic vessel. 
lymphangiectasis (lim"fan-je-ek'tas-is) [L. lym'- 
pha lymph + Gr. ayyeiov vessel + eKTaais dilata- 
tion]. Dilatation of the lymphatic vessels. 
lymphangiectodes (lim-fan"je-ek-to'dez). Lym- 
phangioma circumscriptum. 
lymphangiitis (lim-fan-je-i'tis). Lymphangitis. 
lymphangio-endothelioblastoma (lim-fan"- 
je-o-en-do-the"le-o-blas-to'mah). A tumor com- 
posed of endothelial cells which tend to form lymph- 
vessels. 
lymphangio-endothelioma (lim-fan"je-o-en"do- 
the-le-o'mah). Endothelioma arising from lymph- 
vessels or lymph-spaces-the ordinary variety of 
endothelioma. Called also lymphendothelioma. 
lymphangiofibroma (lim-fan//je-o-fi-bro/mah). 
Fibroma with lymphangiomatous tissue. 
lymphangioi'tis farcimino'sa bo'vis. See 
cattle farcy, under farcy. 
lymphangiology (lim"fan-je-ol'o-je) [L. lym'pha 
lymph + Gr. ayyeiov vessel + Xbyos discourse]. 
The branch of anatomy relating to the lymphatics. 
lymphangioma (lim"fan-je-o'mah). A tumor 
composed of new-formed lymph-spaces and chan- 
nels. 1. capsula're varico'sum, lymphangioma 
circumscriptum. 1. caverno'sum, dilatation of 
the lymphatic vessels resulting in cavities filled with 
lymph. 1. circumscrip'tum, a skin disease 
of early life marked by the development of yellow 
vesicles connected with the lymphatic vessels. 
1. cys'ticum, the formation of multiple cysts 
filled with lymph. 1. sim'plex, dilatation of a 
lymph-vessel over a circumscribed area. 1. 
tubero'sum multiplex, a skin disease marked 
by the development of groups of papules or tuber- 
cles resembling and believed to be lymphangio- 
mata. 1. xanthelasmoi'deum, lymphangioma 
circumscriptum marked by formation on the 
skin of yellow or brownish patches.- 
lymphangiophlebitis (lim-fan"je-o-fleb-i'tis). In- 
flammation of lymph-vessels and veins. 
lymphangioplasty (lim-fan'je-o-plas-te) [L. lym'- 
pha lymph + Gr. ayyeiov vessel + TrXdaaeu' to 
form]. Operative restoration or replacement of 
lymph-vessels that have been destroyed. It is done 
by making artificial lymph-channels by the sub- 
cutaneous introduction of long threads of tubular 
woven silk. 
lymphangiosarcoma (lim-fan"je-o-sar-ko'mah). 
Lymphangioma blended with sarcoma. 
lymphangiotomy (lim-fan"je-ot'o-me) [L. lym'pha 
lymph + Gr. ayyeiov vessel + to^t} cutting]. Dis- 
section of the lymphatic vessels. 
lymphangitis (lim-fan-ji'tis). Inflammation of 
a lymphatic vessel or vessels. 1. carcinomato'sa, 
proliferating inflammation of the lymphatics of the 
peritoneum associated with peritoneal tumors. 
1. epizodt'ica, a chronic contagious disease of 
horses caused by a yeast fungus, Cryptococcus 
{Blastomyces) farcimino'sus, and marked by puru- 
lent inflammation of the subcutaneous lymphatic 
vessels and of the regional lymph-glands. Called 
also pseudofarcy, blastomycosis farciminosus, sac- 
charomycosis, Cryptococcus farcy, lymphosporidiosis, 
African glanders, Japanese glanders. 1. ulcero'sa 
pseudofarcino'sa, a disease of horses resembling 
glanders, and due to a bacillus very much like the 
glanders bacillus. Called also pseudoglanders. 
lymphatic (lim-fat'ik) [L. lymphat'icus}. i. Per- 
taining to or containing lymph. 2. A vessel con- 
veying lymph. 3. Of a sluggish or phlegmatic 
temperament, afferent 1., a lymphatic vessel 
which enters a gland. 
lymphaticostomy (lim-fat-ik-os'to-me) [lymphatic 
+ Gr. <rTop.a. mouth]. The operation of making a 
permanent opening into a lymphatic duct, such as 
the thoracic duct. 
lymphatism (lim'fat-izm). 1. The lymphatic tem- 
perament; a slow or sluggish habit. 2. A mor- 
bid state due to excessive production or growth 
of lymphoid tissues, such as the thymus and thy- 
roid glands. It results in impaired develop- 
ment, lowered vitality, and sometimes death. 
Called also lymphotoxemia, lymphoidotoxemia, 
status lymphaticus, and status thymicus. 
lymphatitis (lim-fat-i'tis). Inflammation of some 
part of the lymphatic system. LYMPHATOLYSIN 
628 
LYMPHOPATHY 
lymphatolysin (lim-fat-ol'is-in). A toxin which 
acts on lymphatic tissue. 
lymphatolysis (lim-fat-ol'is-is) [lymphatic 4- Gr. 
Xwrus dissolution]. The destruction or solution of 
lymphatic tissue. 
lymphatolytic (lim-fat-o-lit'ik) [lymphatic + Gr. 
Xuais dissolution]. Destroying lymphatic tissue. 
lymphatome (lim'fat-om). Lymphotome. 
lymphectasia (lim-fek-ta'ze-ah) [L. lym'pha 
lymph 4- Gr. eKraacs distention]. Distention with 
lymph. 
lymphedema (lim-fe-de'mah) [lymph 4- edema]. 
Edema due to the clogging of an efferent lym- 
phatic vessel. 
lymphemia (lim-fe'me-ah) [lymph 4- Gr. aijua 
blood]. The presence of an undue number of 
lymphocytes or their forerunners in the blood; 
lymphatic leukemia. 
lymphendothelioma (lim"fen-do-the-le-o'mah). 
Same as lymphangio-endothelioma. 
lymphenteritis (lim"fen-ter-i'tis). Enteritis with 
serous infiltration. 
lympherythrocyte (limf-er'ith-ro-sit). Anery- 
throcyte. 
lymphization (lim-fi-za'shun). The formation of 
lymph. 
lymphnoditis (limf-no-di'tis). Inflammation of a 
lymph-node. 
lympho-adenoma (lim"fo-ad-en-o'mah). A be- 
nign neoplasm of the uterus, involving the inter- 
stitial lymph-tissue and the glandular structures. 
lymphoblast (lim'fo-blast) [lymph 4- Gr. 0Xaarbs 
germ]. A lymphocyte in its germinative stage; 
a developing lymphocyte. 
lymphoblasthemia (lim-fo-blas-the'me-ah). Lym- 
phoblastosis. 
lymphoblastic (lim-fo-blas'tik). Pertaining to a 
lymphoblast; producing lymphocytes. 
lymphoblastoma (lim"lo-blas-to'mah). A tumor 
composed of cells of the lymphocyte series. The 
term includes lymphocytoma, lymphoma, lympho- 
sarcoma, and pseudoleukemia. 
lymphoblastosis (lim-fo-blas-to'sis). Excess of 
lymphoblasts in the blood. 
lymphocele (lim'fo-sel) [lymph 4- Gr. K17X57 tumor]. 
A tumor containing lymph. 
lymphocerastism (lim"fo-se-ras'tizm) [lymph 4- 
Gr. Kepaaros mixed]. The formation of lymphoid 
cells. 
lymphococcus (lim-fo-kok'us). A diplococcus iso- 
lated from diseases of elephantiasis. 
lymphocyst (lim'fo-sist). Lymphocele. 
lymphocystosis (lim"fo-sis-to'sis). The formation 
of cysts containing lymph. 
lymphocyte (lim'fo-sit) [lymph + Gr. kotos cell], 
1. A variety of leukocyte which is produced in the 
lymphoid tissues of the body, especially in the 
lymph-nodes. The nucleus is single and is sur- 
rounded by protoplasm which is generally described 
as non-granular. Two varieties are described: (a) 
the small lymphocytes [small mononuclear leuko- 
cytes or microlymphocytes), which are about the size 
of a red corpuscle and constitute from 22 to 25 per 
cent, of the white corpuscles; (b) the large lympho- 
cytes (macrolymphocytes or lymphoblasts), which are 
probably lymphocytes in their developing stage, are 
two or three times larger than the small lymphocytes 
and contain a larger proportion of protoplasm. 
They form about 1 per cent, of the white corpuscles. 
2. A lymph-corpuscle. Rieder's 1., a lymphocyte 
having a nucleus which is lobed and twisted: seen 
in chronic lymphemia. 
lymphocythemia (lim"fo-si-the'me-ah) [lympho- 
cyte 4- Gr. alpa blood]. Excess of lymph-cor- 
puscles in the blood. 
lymphocytic (lim-fc-sit'ik). Pertaining to lym- 
phocytes. 
lymphocytoma (lim"fo-si-to'mah) [lymphocyte + 
Gr. -upa tumor]. A tumor of the lymphatic system 
in which lymphocytes are the predominating 
elements. 
lymphocytosis (lim"fo-si-to'sis). Excess of nor- 
mal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion. 
lymphocytotic (lim-fo-si-tot'ik). Pertaining to 
lymphocytosis. 
lymphocytotoxin (lim-fo-si-to-toks'in). A toxin 
that has a specific destructive action on lympho- 
cytes. 
Lymphocytozoon (lim"fo-si-to-zo'on) [lymphocyte 
+ Gr. ^ov animal]. A genus of ameboid bodies, 
species of which are found in leukocytes. L. 
coba'yse. Same as Kurloff's bodies. See body. 
L. pallidum, Ross's body. See body. 
lymphodermia (lim-fo-der'me-ah) [lymph 4- Gr. 
beppa skin]. Any disease of the lymphatics of the 
skin: particularly enlargement of the glands due 
to leukocythemia (I. pernicio'sa). 
lymphoduct (lim'fo-dukt). A lymphatic vessel. 
lymphogenous (lim-foj'en-us) [lymph 4- Gr. 
yevvav to produce]. i. Producing lymph. 2. 
Produced from lymph or in the lymphatics. 
lymphoglandula (lim-fo-glan'du-lah). [B N A] A 
lymph-node. 
lymphogonia (lim-fo-go'ne-ah) [lymph -|- Gr. 
ybvos offspring]. Large lymphocytes with a large 
nucleus, little chromatin, and non-granular pro- 
toplasm. They are the mother-cells of small 
lymphocytes and are seen in lymphatic leu- 
kemia. 
lymphogranuloma (lim"fo-gran-u-lo'mah). Hodg- 
kin's disease. 
lymphogranulomatosis (lim"fo-gran-u-lo-mat- 
o'sis). Infectious granuloma of the lymphatic sys- 
tem: used by continental writers as a synonym 
for multiple lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease). 
lymphoid (lim/foid) [lymph + Gr. elbos form]. 
Resembling lymph. 
lymphoidectomy (lim-foi-dek'to-me). Excision 
of lymphoid tissue, such as adenoids and tonsils. 
lymphoididity (lim-foi-did'it-e). The condition 
of exhibiting lymphoid characteristics. 
lymphoidocyte (lim-foi'do-sit). An embryonic 
cell, the primordial mother cell of all the types 
of blood-cells. 
lymphoido toxemia (lim-foi"do-tok-se'me-ah). 
See lymphatism (2d def.). 
lymphoids (lim'foids). A preparation of testicular 
extract, zinc phosphid, iron, nux vomica, aloin, etc. 
lympholeukocyte (lim-fo-lu'ko-sit). A large 
mononuclear leukocyte. 
lymphology (lim-foro-je) [L. lym'pha lymph 4- 
Gr. Xbyos treatise]. The study or science of the 
lymphatics. 
lymphoma (lim-fo'mah). Any tumor made up 
of lymphoid tissue, atypic 1., lymphosarcoma, 
malignant 1., multiple 1., Hodgkin's disease, 
typic 1., lymphomatosis. 
lymphomatosis (lim"fo-mat-o'sis). The develop- 
ment of multiple lymphomata in various parts of 
the body. 1. granulomato'sa. See Hodgkin's 
disease, under disease. 
lymphomatous (lim-fo'mat-us). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of lymphoma: 
lymphomegaloblast (lim-fo-meg'al-o-blast). A 
megaloblast without hemoglobin. 
lymphomonocyte (lim-fo-mo'no-sit). A large uni- 
nuclear leukocyte. 
lymphomyelocyte (lim-fo-mi'el-o-sit). A myelo- 
blast. 
lymphomyeloma (lim"fo-mi-el-o'mah), A sar- 
coma containing small round cells. 
lymphomyxoma (lim'To-mik-so'mah). Any be- 
nign growth consisting of adenoid tissue. 
lymphopathy (lim-fop'ath-e) [L. lym'pha lymph 
4* Gr. it ados disease]. Any disease of the lym- LYMPHOPENIA 
629 
LYSOSOLVEOL 
phatics. ataxic 1., a sudden swelling of the 
lymphatic glands sometimes accompanying the 
pain crises of locomotor ataxia. 
lymphopenia, lymphopaenia (lim-fo-pe'ne-ah) 
[lymphocyte + Gr. Tver la poverty]. Decrease in the 
proportion of lymphocytes in the blood. 
lymphoplasm (lim'fo-plazm). Same as spongio- 
plasm. 
lymphoplasmia (lim-fo-plaz'me-ah). A condition 
of the red blood-corpuscles in which they contain 
no hemoglobin. 
lymphopoiesis (lim"fo-poi-e'sis). [See lympho- 
poietic.] The development of lymphocytes or of 
lymphatic tissues. 
lymphopoietic (lim"fo-poi-et'ik) [lymph + Gr. 
ttolcIv to make]. Forming lymphocytes or 
lymphatic tissue. 
lymphoprotease (lim-fo-pro'te-as). A protein- 
splitting ferment existing in the lymphocytes. 
lymphorrhagia (lim-for-a'je-ah) [lymph + Gr. 
priyvvvai. to break out]. Same as lymphorrhea. 
lymphorrhea (lim-for-e'ah) [lymph + Gr. pota 
flow]. A flow of lymph from cut or ruptured 
lymph-vessels. 
lymphosarcoleukemia (lim-fo-sar-ko-lu-ke'me- 
ah). Leukemia with lymphosarcomatous degenera- 
tion of bone-marrow and lymphatics. 
lymphosarcoma (lim"fo-sar-ko'mah). A malig- 
nant neoplasm arising in lymphatic tissue from 
proliferation of atypical lymphocytes. 
lymphosarcomatosis (lim"fo-sar-ko-mat-o'sis). 
A diseased condition associated with and due 
to lymphosarcoma. 
lymphosporidiosis (lim"fo-spo-rid-e-o'sis). See 
lymphangitis epizodtica. 
lymphostasis (lim-fos'tas-is) [lymph 4- Gr. ardais 
standing]. Stoppage of the lymph flow. 
lymphotaxis (lim-fo-taks'is) [lymphocyte + Gr. 
ra^cs arrangement]. The property of attracting 
or repulsing lymphocytes. 
lymphotism (lim'fo-tizm). A disordered state 
associated with the development of so-called 
adenoids. 
lymphotome (lim'fo-tbm) [lymph + Gr. repveiv to 
cut]. An instrument for excising adenoid growths 
on the tonsils. 
lymphotomy (lim-fot'o-me) [L. lym'pha lymph + 
Gr. ropr) cut]. The anatomy of the lymphatic 
system. 
lymphotoxemia (lim"fo-tok-se'me-ah). Toxemia 
due to excess of lymphoid matters or lymphoid 
tissue, as in rickets, exophthalmic goiter, enlarged 
thymus, etc. 
lymphotoxin (lim-fo-tok'sin). The toxin or lysin 
contained in lymph-glands. 
lymphotrophy (lim-fot'ro-fe) [lymph + Gr. 
rpetpeiv to nourish]. The attractive energy of 
cells for lymph. 
lymphous (lim'fus). Pertaining to or containing 
lymph. 
lymph-scrotum. See under scrotum. 
lymphuria (lim-fu're-ah). The presence of 
lymph in the urine. 
lymph-vascular (limf-vas'ku-lar). Pertaining to 
or containing lymphatic vessels. 
Lyn'chia mau'ra, L. livido'color. A biting 
hippoboscid fly of louse-like habits, which lives in 
the nest and in the plumage of the dove and which 
is the invertebrate host of Hemoproteus columbee. 
Lyon method or test (li'on) [B. B. Vincent Lyon, 
Philadelphia physician]. See Meltzer-Lyon test, 
under tests. 
lyophil, lyophile (li'o-fil) [Gr. \veiv to dissolve + 
tplXeiv to love]. Having an affinity for solution; a 
term applied to colloidal systems in which there is 
strong affinity between the disperse phase and the 
dispersion medium. 
lyophobe (li'o-fdb) [Gr. Xveiv to dissolve + 
fear]. Not inclined to solution; a term applied to 
colloidal systems in which there is a tendency of the 
disperse phase to separate from the dispersion 
medium. 
lyotropic (li-o-trop'ik) [Gr. Xvetv to dissolve + 
tpottos a turning]. Having an affinity for entering 
into solution; readily soluble. 
Lyozo'on atrophicans. An organism occurring 
in the lesions of epitheliosis atrophicans. 
lypemania (li-pe-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. Xvttt) sadness -|- 
pavla madness]. Melancholia; insanity with 
depression. 
Lypero'sia ir'ritans. See Hematobium serrata. 
lypothymia (li-po-thi'me-ah) [Gr. \virq distress 
+ Ovpbs mind]. Morbid or insane despondency, 
lyptol (lip'tol). A proprietary antiseptic ointment, 
lyra (li'rah) [L.; Gr. Xvpa lyre]. The posterior part 
of the body of the fornix including the commis- 
sura hippocampi. Called also lyre of David, lyra 
Davidis, lyre of the fornix, and psalterium. 
lysargin (li-sar'jin). Colloidal silver containing 
52 per cent, of silver: used as an antiseptic. 
lysatin (lis'at-in). A basic principle or leuko- 
main, C6Hi3N3O2, derivable from casein. 
lysatinin (lis-at'in-in). A mixture of lysin and 
arginin. 
lysemia (li-se'me-ah) [Gr. Xucts solution + alpa 
blood]. Disintegration of the blood. 
lysidin (lis'id-in). A red, crystalline body, methyl- 
glyoxalidin, CH2.NH.C(CH3) :N.CH2; also its yel- 
lowish or pinkish, soapy, 50 per cent, solution: 
used as a solvent for uric acid. Daily dose of the 
first-named form, 15-75 gr- (i~5 gm.). 1. bitar- 
trate, a soluble, white, crystalline powder, of one- 
third the solvent power of pure lysidin. 
lysimeter (li-sim'et-er) [Gr. Mais solution + 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for determining 
the solubilities of substances. 
lysin (li'sin) [Gr. \veiv to dissolve], 1. An anti- 
body which has the power of causing dissolution 
of cells. The term includes hemolysin, bacterioly- 
sin, cytolysin, etc. See hemolysin. 2. An amino- 
acid, CH2NH2CH2CH2CH2CHNH2COOH (Ellinger, 
1900), or a-e-diaminoqaproic acid, first isolated 
from casein (Drechsel, 1889). It is a hydrolytic 
cleavage product of protein either by digestion or 
by boiling with hydrochloric acid. 
lysinogen (li-sin'o-jen) [lysin + Gr. yev- producing]. 
A substance having the power of producing lysins. 
lysinosis (lis-in-o'sis) [Gr. Xuais a raveled fiber]. 
Lung disease due to inhaling cotton fibers, as in 
mills. 
lysis (li'sis) [Gr. Xveip to dissolve]. 1. The 
gradual abatement of the symptoms of a disease. 
2. The action of a lysin. 
lysitol (li'sit-ol). A germicide resembling lysol. 
lysoform (li'so-form). An oily, soapy, liquid dis- 
infectant containing lysol and formol: used for the 
sterilization of surgical instruments and in the 
treatment of various skin diseases. 
lysogen (li'so-jen) [lysin + Gr. yevvav to pro- 
duce]. A substance or body which develops into 
a lysin. 
lysogenesis (li-so-jen'es-is). The production of 
lysins. 
lysogenic (li-so-jen'ik) [lysin + Gr. to pro- 
duce]. Producing lysins or causing lysis. 
lysol (li'sbl). A brown, syrupy, fluid product of 
the fractionation of coal-tar oil, which, after the 
distillation, is mixed with fat or rosin and saponi- 
fied: it is a strong antiseptic, and is used in surgical 
practice in 1-3 per cent, aqueous solution. 
lysopast (li'so-past). A lysol-soap preparation 
containing 70 per cent, of lysol. 
lysosolveol (li-so-sol've-ol). An antiseptic and 
disinfectant mixture of tricresol (44.5 per cent.), 
potassium linoleate (38 per cent.), and water. lysozyme (li'so-zlm) [Gr. Xwris solution + £vpe 
leaven]. A stable bacteriolytic substance present 
in most animal (and human) and some vegetable 
secretions and tissues. 
lyssa (lis'ah) [Gr. Xvaaa frenzy]. Rabies. See 
hydrophobia. 
lyssic (lis'ik). Pertaining to hydrophobia. 
lyssin (lis'in). The specific virus of hydrophobia. 
lyssophobia (lis-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Xvaaa madness 
+ ipb^os fear]. Morbid dread of rabies, with 
symptoms simulating those of that disease. 
LYSOZYME 
630 
lysulphol (li-sul'fol). A black, liquid preparation 
of lysol and sulphur: used in treatment of skin 
diseases. 
lyterian (li-te're-an). Indicative of the approach 
of lysis. 
lythol (li'thol). A proprietary antiseptic and ger- 
micide adapted especially for catarrhal conditions 
of mucous membranes. 
lytic (lit'ik). Pertaining to lysis or to a lysin; pro- 
ducing lysis. 
lyxose (lix'os). A pentose isomeric with ribose, 
CH2OH.(CHOH)3.CHO. 
MACROCOLON 
M 
M. An abbreviation for mille, thousand; misce, 
mix; mistura, mixture; macera're, macerate; meter, 
minim, molar, muscle, myopia, and manipulus, 
handful; also symbol for strength of pole. 
m. An abbreviation for meta-. 
p. Abbreviation for Gr. micron. 
M. A. Abbreviation for meter angle. 
M + Am. Compound myopic astigmatism. 
Ma., ma. Abbreviation for milliampere. 
Mac. Abbreviation for L. ma'cera, macerate. 
macabuhay (mak-ah-boo-hi'). A plant of the 
Philippines, Menis per'mum cris'pum: used as a 
febrifuge and emetic, and externally in the treat- 
ment of rabies. 
macaco worm (mah-kah'ko). The larva of the fly, 
Dermato'bia noxia'lis, of South America, which 
burrows under the skin of man and animals. 
macallin (mak-al'in). An alkaloid from macallo, 
a tree of Yucatan: used like quinin. 
MacBurney, etc. See under McBurney, etc. 
mace (mas) [L. ma'cis], The dried aril or envelop 
of the fruit of the nutmeg-tree, Myris'tica fra'- 
grans. The volatile oil contains macene, and is 
used as a flavoring agent. 
macene (mas'en). An essential oil, Ci0H16, from 
nutmeg flowers and from the oil of mace. 
maceration (mas-er-a'shun) [L. macera'tio]. The 
softening of a solid by soaking. 
macerative (mas'er-at-iv). Characterized by 
maceration. 
Macewen's operation, triangle, etc. (mak- 
ew'enz) [Sir William Macewen, surgeon in Glas- 
gow, born 1848], See operation, triangle, etc. 
mache unit (mash-a'). See under unit. 
macho (mah'tsho). The tubercle type of dermal 
leishmaniasis. 
machonnement (mash-shbn-maw') [Fr.]. A chew- 
ing motion of the jaws. 
machromin (mak-ro'min). A yellow substance 
formed by reducing maclurin with zinc and sul- 
phuric acid. It turns blue when oxidized. 
macies (ma'she-ez). Latin for wasting. 
macintosh (mak'in-tosh) [Charles Macintosh, 
Scotch chemist, 1766-1843, the inventor]. Cloth 
made waterproof by treating with a solution of 
india-rubber: used for surgical dressings. 
macis (ma'sis). See mace. 
Mackenrodt's operation (mahk'en-rots) [Alwin 
Karl Mackenrodt, German gynecologist, born 1859]. 
See operation. 
Mackenzie's disease (mak-en'zez) [Sir James 
Mackenzie, contemporary English physician]. See 
under disease. 
mackenzol (mak-en'zol). A proprietary oleo- 
balsamic preparation: used as an antiseptic in 
diseases of the nose, throat, and air-passages. 
maclayin (mak-Ia'in). A glucosid, CwHMOn, 
from Illi'pe maclaya'na: a strong local irritant. 
MacLean-Maxwell disease [Charles Murray 
MacLean, physician in West Africa; James 
Laidlaw Maxwell, English physician in Formosa]. 
See under disease. 
MacLeod's rheumatism [Roderick MacLeod, 
Scotch physician, 1795-1852]. See rheumatism. 
maclurin (mak-loo'rin). A yellow, crystalline sub- 
stance, occurring in the wood of Mo'rus tincto'ria, 
or yellow-wood. 
macrencephalia, macrencephaly (mak-ren- 
sef-a'le-ah, -sef'al-e) [Gr. paKpos long -f- eyKe<p- 
aXos brain]. Hypertrophy of the brain. 
macrobacterium (mak"ro-bak-te're-um). A large 
bacterium. 
macrobiosis (mak"ro-bi-o'sis) [Gr. paKpos long 
+ (Iios life]. Longevity; long life. 
macrobiotia (mak"ro-bi-o'she-ah). Same as mac- 
robiosis. 
macroblast (mak'ro-blast) [Gr. paKpos large + 
{dXaarbs germ]. An abnormally large red blood- 
cell; a large young normoblast; a megaloblast. 
macrobrachia (mak-ro-bra'ke-ah) [Gr. paKpos long 
+ ^paxiaiv arm]. Abnormal size or length of arms. 
macrocardius (mak-ro-kar'de-us) [Gr. paKpos 
large + Kapbla heart]. A monster-fetus with an 
extremely large heart. 
macrocephalia, macrocephaly (mak"ro-sef-a'le- 
ah, mak-ro-sef'al-e) [Gr. paKpos large + KtipaXh 
head]. Excessive size of the head. 
macrocephalic (mak"ro-sef-al'ik). Macrocephal- 
ous. 
macrocephalous (mak-ro-sef'al-us). Having an 
excessively large head. 
macrocheilia (mak-ro-ki'le-ah) [Gr. paKpos large + 
X&Xo- lip]. Abnormal or excessive size of the lips, 
as in some cases of lymphangioma and cretinism. 
macrocheiria (mak-ro-ki're-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
+ xeip hand]. Excessive size of the hands. 
macrochemical (mak-ro-kem'ik-al). Pertaining to 
macrochemistry. 
macrochemistry (mak-ro-kem'is-tre) [Gr. paKpos 
large + chemistry]. Chemistry in which the 
reactions may be seen with the naked eye. 
macrochilia (mak-ro-ki'le-ah) [Gr. paKpos large + 
xeiXos lip]. Same as macrocheilia. 
macrochiria (mak-ro-ki're-ah) [Gr. paKpos large + 
X^P hand]. Excessive size of the hands. 
macrocnemia (mak-rok-ne'me-ah) [Gr. paKpos 
large + Kvyprj shin]. Abnormal size of the legs 
below the knee. 
macrococcus (mak-ro-kok'us) [Gr. paKpos large 
4- kokkos berry]. A bacterial coccus of the largest 
recognized type. 
macrocolon, macrocoly (mak-ro-ko'lon, mak'ro- 
ko-le). Abnormal length of the sigmoid flexure and 
descending colon. MACROCONIDIUM 
macroconidium (mak"ro-ko-nid'e-um). A large- 
sized conidium. 
macrocornea (mak-ro-kor'ne-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
+ cornea]. Unusually large size of the cornea. 
macrocyst (mak'ro-sist) [Gr. paKpos large 4- Kvans 
cyst]. A large cyst. 
macrocytase (mak-ro-si'tas). A cytase formed by 
the macrocytes, and capable of causing destruc- 
tion of animal cells. Cf. microcytase. 
macrocyte (mak'ro-sit) [Gr. paKpos large + kvtos 
cell], i. A giant red blood-corpuscle, especially 
characteristic of the blood in pernicious anemia. 
2. A large lymphocyte. 
macrocythemia (mak"ro-si-the'me-ah) [macro- 
cyte + Gr. alpa blood]. The occurrence of 
macrocytes in the blood, hyperchromatic m., 
macrocythemia in which the macrocytes are ab- 
normally rich in hemoglobin; called also macrocytar 
hyperchromatism. 
macrocytosis (mak"ro-si-to'sis). The formation 
of macrocytes. 
macrodactyly, macrodactylia (mak-ro-dak-til'e, 
mak"ro-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 4* baKTvXos 
finger]. Abnormal largeness of the fingers and 
toes. 
macrodont (mak'ro-dont). Possessing large teeth, 
macrodontia, macrodontism (mak-ro-don'she- 
ah, mak'ro-don-tizm) [Gr. paKpbs large + bbovs 
tooth]. Excessive size of the teeth. 
macro-erythroblast (mak-ro-er'ith-ro-blast). A 
very large nucleated red blood-corpuscle.. 
macro-esthesia (makzzro-es-thezze-ah) [Gr. paKpos 
great + alad^ais feeling]. A sensation as if all 
things were larger than they really are. 
macrogamete (mak-ro-gam'et) [Gr. paKpbs large 
+ yapeTq wife]. The larger female non-flag- 
ellate element in the reproduction of various 
protozoa. 
macrogametocyte (mak"ro-gam-e'to-slt) [Gr. 
paKpos long 4- yaper-qs spouse 4- kvtos cell]. Any 
cell of a kind producing the female reproductive 
elements of protozoa. 
macrogamy (mak-rog'am-e). Conjugation or fu- 
sion between adult protozoan individuals. 
macrogastria (mak-ro-gas'tre-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
4- yaarqp stomach]. Dilatation of the stomach. 
macrogenesy (mak-ro-jen'is-e) [Gr. paKpos large 
4- 7«i'eais production]. Gigantism. 
macrogenitosomia (mak"ro-jen"it-o-so'me-ah) 
[Gr. paKpos large 4- genital 4* Gr. albpa body]. 
General precocious bodily development with un- 
usual size of the genital organs. 
macroglossia (mak-ro-glos'e-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
4- yXlbaaa tongue]. Hypertrophy of the tongue. 
macrognathia (mak-ro-na'the-ah) [Gr. paKpbs 
large 4- yvaOos jaw]. Enlargement of the jaw. 
macrography (mak-rog'raf-e) [Gr. paKpos large 
4" ypatpeiv to write]. The formation in writing of 
letters that are unusually large. 
macrolabia (mak-ro-la'be-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 4- 
L. la'bium lip]. Same as macrocheilia. 
macroleukoblast (mak-ro-lu'ko-blast). A very 
large leukoblast. 
macromania (mak-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
4- pavta madness], i. Delusive belief that ex- 
ternal objects or one's own members are larger 
than they really are. 2. Megalomania; delirium 
of grandeur. 
macromastia (mak-ro mas'te-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
4* pavTos breast]. Oversize of the breasts or 
mammae. 
macromazia (mak-ro-ma'ze-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
4- pa^bs breast]. Same as macromastia. 
macromelia (mak-ro-me'le-ah). Enlargement of 
one or more members, due to occlusion of the 
lymph-channels. 
macromelus (mak-rom'el-us) [Gr. paKpbs long 4- 
631 
peXos limb]. A fetus with abnormally large or 
long limbs. 
macromere (mak'ro-mer) [Gr. paKpos large + pepos 
part]. A large blastomere. 
macromerozoite (mak"ro-mer-o-zo'It). A large 
merozoite. 
macromonocyte (mak-ro-mon'o-sit). A very large 
monocyte. 
macronormoblast (mak-ro-nor'mo-blast). A very 
large nucleated red blood-corpuscle. 
macronormochromoblast (mak"ro-nor-mo-kro'- 
mo-blast). A macronormoblast. 
macronucleus (mak-ro-nuzkle-us) [Gr. paKpos 
large + nucleus]. The principal nucleus of a 
cell, distinguished from the micronucleus or ac- 
cessory nucleus. Called also trophonucleus. 
macronychia (mak-ro-nik'e-ah) [Gr. paKpbs long 
+ bvv^ nail]. Abnormal length of the finger- 
nails. 
macropathology (mak"ro-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. paKpbs 
large + pathology]. The non-microscopic patho- 
logic account of any disease or organ. 
macrophage, macrophagus (mak'ro-faj, mak- 
rof'a-gus) [Gr. paKpos large + tpayecu to eat]. A 
large phagocyte; a large lymphocyte which acts as 
a phagocyte. 
macrophagocyte (mak-ro-fag'o-sit). A phago- 
cyte of relatively large size. 
macrophallus (mak-ro-fal'us) [Gr. paKpbs large 
+ <paXXos penis]. Abnormal largeness of the 
penis. 
macrophotograph (mak-ro-fo'to-graf) [Gr. paKpbs 
large + photograph]. An enlarged photograph. 
macrophthalmous (mak-rof-thal'mus) [Gr. 
paKpbs large + b<p()aXpbs eye]. Having abnor- 
mally large eyes. 
macropia (mak-ro'pe-ah) [Gr. paKpos large + 
eye]. Same as megalopsia. 
macroplasia (mak-ro-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
4~ TrXaais forming]. Excessive growth of a part or 
tissue. 
macroplastia (mak-ro-plas'te-ah). Macroplasia. 
macropodia (mak-ro-po'de-ah) [Gr. paKpos large + 
irovs foot]. Excessive size of the feet. 
macropromyelocyte (mak"ro-pro-mi'el-o-sit). A 
very large promyelocyte. 
macroprosopia (mak"ro-pro-so'pe-ah) [Gr. paKpos 
large + irpbauirov face]. Excessive size of the face. 
macropsia (mak-rop'se-ah) [Gr. paKpos large + 
b\pcs vision]. A condition in which objects seen 
appear to be larger than they really are; megalopsia. 
macrorhinia (mak-ro-rin'e-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 4* 
pts nose]. Hypertrophy and enlargement of the 
nose. 
macroscelia (mak-ro-se'le-ah) [Gr. paKpbs large + 
aKeXos leg]. Excessive size of the legs. 
macroscopic (mak-ro-skop'ik) [Gr. paKpbs large + 
aKoireiv to view]. Visible with the unaided eye 
or without the microscope. 
macroscopy (mak-ros'ko-pe). Examination with 
the naked eye. 
macrosis (mak-ro'sis) [Gr. paKpos large]. Increase 
in size. 
macrosmatic (mak-ros-mat'ik) [Gr. paKpos large -T 
bapaecv to smell]. Having the sense of smell 
strongly or acutely developed. 
macrosomatia, macrosomia (mak"ro-so-ma'she- 
ah, mak-ro-so'me-ah) [Gr. paKpos large + a lb pa 
body]. Great bodily size. 
macrosome (mak'ro-som) [Gr. paKpos large + 
a lb pa body]. One of the larger granules seen in the 
nuclei of certain cells. 
macrospore (mak'ro-spor) [Gr. paKpos large + 
arropbs seed]. An unusually large spore. 
Macros'toma Mesni'li. Same as Tetromitis 
mesnili. 
MACROSTOMA MESNILI MACROSTOMIA 
632 
MAGNESIUM 
macrostomia (mak-ro-sto'me-ah) [Gr. paKpos large 
+ aropa mouth]. Abnormal largeness of the mouth. 
macrostructural (mak-ro-struk'tur-al). Pertain- 
ing to gross structure. 
macrotia (mak-ro'she-ah) [Gr. paKpbs large + ous 
ear]. . Excessive size of the ears. 
macrotin (mak'ro-tin). A proprietary resin or 
concentration derived from cimicifuga. Dose, 
i-2 gr. (0.033-0.133 gm.). 
macrotome (mak'ro-tom) [Gr. paKpbs large + ropr) 
cut]. An apparatus for cutting large sections of 
tissue for anatomic study. 
macula (mak'u-lah), pl. mac'ulae [LJ. A stain or 
spot; a discolored spot on the skin not elevated 
above the surface, maculae acusticae (mak'u-le 
a-kus'tis-e), the terminations of the acoustic nerve 
in the utricle or saccule, mac'ulae al'bidae, 
white spots sometimes seen after death on the 
serous layer of the peritoneum, mac'ulae 
atroph'icae, white patches resembling scars 
formed on the skin by atrophy, mac'ulae caeru'- 
leae, bluish patches on the skin sometimes seen 
in pediculosis. cerebral m. See tache cere- 
brale. m. cor'neae, a corneal opacity, m. crib- 
ro'sa [B N A], an area on the wall of the vestibule 
perforated for the passage of filaments of the audi- 
tory nerve. It includes the m. cribro'sa infe'rior, for 
branches to the posterior semicircular canal; the m. 
cribro'sa me'dia, for branches to the sacculus; 
the m. cribro'sa superior, for branches to the 
utricle and superior semicircular canals; and 
the m. cribro'sa qua/ta, for the cochlear nerve, 
m. fla'va [B N A], a part of the anterior end of the 
vocal cord at which a yellowish nodule is visible, 
m. follic'uli, the point in a graafian follicle where 
rupture occurs, m. germinati'va, the germinal 
area. See area. m. gonorrho'ica, a red spot 
at the orifice of the vulvovaginal gland in gonor- 
rheal vulvitis. Called also Sanger's m. mac u- 
la lac'tese. Same as maculae albidce. m. lu'- 
tea [BN A], the point of clearest vision at the 
center of the retina. Mongolian m., Mongolian 
spots. Robert's m., a mass of coloring-matter 
seen in the red corpuscles when blood is treated 
with dilute tannic acid solution. Sanger ' s m. See 
m. gonorrhoica. m. sola'ris, a freckle; lentigo, 
mac'ulae tendin'eae. Samd as macula albidce. 
maculanin (mak-u-lan'in). Potassium amylate: 
it is caustic, like potassium hydroxid, but milder in 
action. 
macular (mak'u-lar). Characterized by maculae. 
maculate (mak'u-lat) [L. macula'tus spotted]. 
Spotted or blotched. 
maculation (mak-u-la'shun) [L. mac'ula spot]. 
The condition of being spotted; the formation 
of spots or macules. 
macule (mak'ul). See macula. 
maculocerebral (mak"u-lo-ser'e-bral). Affecting 
the macula lutea and the brain. 
maculopapular (mak"u-lo-pap'u-lar). Both 
macular and papular. 
maculopapule (mak"u-lo-pap'ul). A lesion re- 
sembling both a macule and a papule. 
MacWilliam's test [John Alexander MacWilliam, 
English physician, born 1857]. See under tests. 
mad (mad). 1. Insane; affected with madness. 
2. Affected with rabies; rabid. 
madarosis (mad-ar-o'sis) [Gr. pabapbs bald]. Loss 
of the eyelashes or eyebrows (Galen). 
madder (mad'er). The root of Ru'bia tincto'ria, 
affording a red dye. 
Maddox prism, rod (mad'ox) [Ernest Edmund 
Maddox, contemporary English ophthalmologist]. 
See prism and rod. 
madefaction (mad-e-fak'shun) [L. madefac'ere to 
moisten]. The act of moistening or making wet. 
Madelung's deformity and neck [Otto Wilhelm 
Madelung, surgeon in Strassburg, born 1846]. See 
deformity and neck. 
madescent (mad-es'ent) [L. mades'cere to become 
moist]. Slightly moist. 
madidans (mad'id-ans). Moist, wet. 
Madura foot (ma-du'rah). See mycetoma. 
Madurella (mad-u-rel'ah). The type of organisms 
found in mycetoma which have septate mycelia. 
M. myceto'mi. See Actinomyces madurce. 
maduromycosis (mad-u-ro-mi-ko'sis). Mycetoma. 
Mag. Abbreviation for L. mag'nus, large. 
mageiric (maj-i'rik) [Gr. payeipiKos relating to 
cookery]. Pertaining to cookery or dietetics. 
Magendie's foramen, solution (ma-jen'dez) 
[Frangois Magendie, French physiologist, 1783- 
1855]. See foramen, solution. 
magenta (mah-jen'tah). Fuchsin or other salt of 
rosanilin. 
magisal (mag'is-al). Magnesium acetosalicylate 
used in place of aspirin. 
magistery (maj'is-ter-e) [L. magiste'rium; magis'- 
ter master]. A precipitate; any subtle or masterly 
preparation. 
magistral (maj'is-tral) [L. magis'ter master]. Per- 
taining to a master: a term used to denote medi- 
cines that are prepared in accordance with a physi- 
cian's prescription. 
Magitot's disease (mazh-it-6z') [Emile Magitot, 
French dentist, 1833-1897]. See disease. 
magma (mag'mah) [Gr. udaaeLv to knead]. An 
amorphous mass of finely divided material, m. 
magne'siae, milk of magnesia. 
Magnan's movement, sign (mag'nanz) [Valen- 
tin, Jacques Joseph Magnan, alienist in Paris, 
1835-1916]. See movement and sign. 
magnesia (mag-ne'ze-ah) [the name of a district 
in ancient Lydia]. Magnesium oxid, MgO, a 
white and light powder: aperient and antacid. 
Dose, 15-60 gr. (1-4 gm.), m. al'ba, a hydrated 
magnesium carbonate, calcined m., light m., 
the ordinary form of magnesia, heavy m., m. 
pondero'sa, a fine, white, dense, and heavy 
powder, identical with ordinary or light magnesia, 
except in its physical properties. Henry's m., 
a proprietary preparation of heavy magnesia. 
Husband's m., a proprietary preparation of 
heavy magnesia, m. lev'is, m. us'ta, light or 
ordinary magnesia, milk of m., a milky mag- 
nesium hydroxid, Mg2H2O2, mixed with water: 
aperient. Dose, 5-4 fl.dr. (2-15 c.c.) for infants. 
magnesic (mag-ne'sik). Relating to or containing 
magnesium or one of its compounds. 
magnesite (mag-ne'sit). Native magnesium car- 
bonate, MgCOs: used like plaster of Paris in 
splints and dressings. 
magnesium (mag-ne'ze-um), gen. magne'sii [L.]. 
A white, metallic element; symbol, Mg; atomic 
weight, 24.32; specific gravity, 1.75. m. ben- 
zoate, a white, crystalline powder, (CeHj.COo^- 
Mg: used in gout and urinary calculus. Dose, 
25-15 gr. (0.15-1 gm.), m. borate. See anti- 
fungin. m. borocitrate, the borocitrate of mag- 
nesium. Dose, 2-4 dr. (8-16 gm.), m. bromid, 
colorless deliquescent crystals, MgBr2.6H2O: used 
as a nervine in doses of 5-15 gr. (0.32-1 gm.), 
m. carbo'nas efferves'cens, an effervescent 
preparation of magnesium carbonate. Dose, }-i 
oz. (7.8-30 gm.), m. carbonate, a mildly 
aperient antacid, (MgCOs)4.Mg(OH)2 + 5H2O. 
Dose, 15-60'gr. (1-4 gm.). It is prepared in two 
forms, m. c. lev'is (light magnesium carbonate), in 
friable masses or in a fine white powder, or in a 
much heavier form, m. c. pondero'sa ', but the two 
are identical, except in physical properties, m. 
chlorid, transparent crystals of MgCl2.6H2O: 
used as a laxative, m. ci'tras granula'tus, a 
granulated preparation of the citrate of magnesium. 
Dose, 2-8 dr. (8-3 2 gm.). m. fluor id, a white, an- 
tiseptic powder, m. glycerinophosphate, a 
soluble white, crystalline powder. CsHyOsPOaMg: 
a nerve tonic. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.333 gm.). MAGNET 
633 
MAIZOLITHIUM 
m. gynocardate, a white powder: used for 
leprosy. Dose, 15-60 gr. (1-4 gm.), m. ich- 
thyolate, calcined magnesia, 100 parts, combined 
with ichthyol, 775 parts; an antiseptic powder, 
m. lactate, a salt in colorless crystals, (CH3.- 
CHOH.CO2)2Mg + 3H2O: aperient. Dose, 15-45 
gr. (1-3 gm.), m. loretinate, basic, a salt in 
yellow crystals, MgI-O.C9H4N.SO3.5H2O: an an- 
tiseptic for external use. m. loretinate, neu- 
tral, a salt in salmon-yellow prisms, Mg(I.OH.Cg- 
H4N.SOs)2-7H2O. m. oxid, a compound, MgO, 
formed by calcining magnesium carbonate, m. 
permanganate, an antiseptic salt, Mg(MnO4)2-- 
6H2O, in bluish-black crystals, m. phenolsul- 
phonate, a white, bitter, crystalline salt, (OH.Ce- 
H4.SO2.O)2Mg.7H2O: antiseptic and purgative. 
Dose, i5~3ogr. (1-2 gm.), m. salicylate, a salt, 
(OH.CeH4.CO2)2Mg + 4H2O, in colorless crystals; 
antiseptic: used in typhoid, etc. Dose, 15-30 gr. 
(1-2 gm.), m. silicate, 3MgSiOs.5H2O: used in 
diarrhea, m. sozoiodolate, an antiseptic salt, 
(CeH2l2(OH)SO3)2Mg + 8H2O, in colorless needles, 
m. sulphate, Epsom salt, a white, crystalline salt, 
MgSO4 + 7H2O: a refrigerant hydragogue ca- 
thartic: used in dysentery, colic, and the early 
stages of febrile diseases. Dose, 1-8 dr. (4-32 
gm.), m. sulphate, dried, is used like the 
ordinary sulphate, from which it differs in the 
expulsion of five-sevenths of its water of crystalliza- 
tion by heat. m. sulphite, an antiseptic, Mg- 
SO3 + 6H2O: a useful application to gangrenous 
and sanious sores, and as a remedy for fermentative 
dyspepsia. It has also been used subcutaneously 
and intravenously in tetanus. Dose, 5-30 gr. 
(0.333-2 gm.). 
magnet (mag'net) [L. mag'nes; Gr. payurjs magnet]. 
A lodestone; native iron oxid that attracts iron; 
also a bar of steel or iron that attracts iron and has 
magnetic polarity, electro-m., a piece of soft 
iron rendered temporarily magnetic by an electric 
current passing in a helix around the iron. Griin- 
ing's m., a magnet made up of a number of steel 
rods: used in removing particles of iron and steel 
from the eye. Haab's m., a powerful magnet for 
extracting foreign metallic bodies from the eye. 
horseshoe-m., a magnet-shaped like the letter 
U. permanent m., one with permanent mag- 
netic qualities, temporary m., a substance that 
possesses magnetic properties only during the 
passage of an electric current or when a fixed 
magnet is near it. 
magnetic (mag-net'ik). Pertaining to, derived 
from, or having the properties of, a magnet. 
magnetism (mag'net-izm). Magnetic attraction 
or repulsion. 
magnetization (mag"net-iz-a'shun). The act or 
process of rendering an object or substance mag- 
netic. 
magneto-electricity (mag"net-o-e-lek-tris'it-e). 
Electricity induced by means of a magnet. 
magneto-induction (mag"net-o-in-duk'shun). 
See induction, magnetic. 
magnetology (mag-net-ol'o-je). That branch of 
physics which treats of magnetics. 
magnetometer (mag-net-om'et-er) [magnetic + 
Gr. perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
magnetic forces. 
magneton (mag'net-on). An ultimate elemental 
magnetic particle. 
magnetotherapy (mag"net-o-ther'ap-e). The 
treatment of disease by magnets or by magnetism. 
magnetropism (mag-net'ro-pizm) [magnet + Gr. 
rpbiros turning]. The turning of the direction of 
growth of an organism under the influence of a mag- 
net. 
magniductor (mag-nid-uk'tor). The adductor 
femoris magnus. 
magnification (mag"nif-ik-a'shun) [L. magnifica'- 
tio; mag'nus great + fa'cere to make]. Apparent 
increase in size under the microscope. 
magnify (mag'nif-I) [L. mag'nus great + fa'cere to 
make]. To cause to appear larger than is natural 
by the use of lenses or suitable mirrors. 
magniscope (mag'nis-kop). A variety of chromo- 
photograph. 
magnodat (mag'no-dat). Magnesium peroxid. 
Magnolia (mag-no'le-ah) [after Pierre Magnol, 1638- 
1715]. 1. A genus of magnoliaceous trees. 2. 
The bitter aromatic bark of M. acumina'ta, M. 
glau'ca, and M. tri pet'ala: diaphoretic and anti- 
febrile. Dose, 20-60 gr. (2-4 gm.). 
magnum, os magnum (mag'num) [L. "great 
bone"]. The largest of the bones in the distal row 
of the carpus. 
magolan (mag'o-lan). A proprietary organic 
phosphorus compound: used in diabetes. 
mahamari (mah-hah-mah're). The native name 
for a form of plague occurring in the southern 
slopes of the Himalayas. 
Mahler's sign (mah'lerz) [Richard A. Mahler, 
contemporary German obstetrician]. See sign. 
maidalokri (mi-dal-ok're). The bark of Tet- 
ranthe'ra laurifo'lia, of India: used in dysentery 
and diarrhea. 
maidenhead (ma'dn-hed). 1. Virginity. 2. The 
hymen. 
maidism, maidismus (ma'id-izm, ma-id-iz'mus) 
[L. ma'is maize]. Pellagra; poisoning by damaged 
maize. 
Maier's sinus (mi'erz) [Rudolf Maier, German 
physician, 1824-1888]. See under sinus. 
maieusiomania (mi-u"se-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr.palevais 
childbirth + mania], Puerperal mania. 
maieusiophobia (mi-u"se-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. juaieiw 
childbirth + <po^os fear]. Morbid dread of child- 
birth. 
maieutic (mi-u'tik). 1. Obstetric. 2. A rubber 
bag for dilating the uterine cervix. 
maieutics (mi-u'tiks). Obstetrics. 
maim (mam). 1. To disable by a wound; to dis- 
member by violence. 2. A dismemberment or 
disablement effected by violence. 
main d'accoucheur (man dak-oo-shuhr') [Fr.]. 
Obstetrician's hand. See under hand. 
main en crochet (ma nong kro-sha'). A perma- 
nently flexed condition of the third and fourth 
fingers. 
main en griffe (ma nong grif) [Fr.]. Same as 
claw-hand. 
main en singe (ma-nong-senzh'). See monkey- 
hand under hand. 
main en squelette (ma-nong-skel-et'). See skele- 
ton-hand under hand. 
main succulente (man suk-u-lent') [Fr.]. Edema 
of the hands. 
maiosis (mi-o'sis). Same as miosis (2). 
maiotic (mi-ot'ik). Same as miotic (4). 
maisin (ma'zin). A protein found in the seeds of 
maize. 
maisonneuve (ma-zo-nev'). See Maisonneuve's 
urethrotome, under urethrotome. 
Maisonneuve's bandage (ma-zo-nevz') [Jules 
Germain Francois Maisonneuve, French surgeon, 
1809-1897]. See under bandage. 
Maissiat's band (ma-se-az') [Jacques Henri 
Maissiat, French anatomist, 1805-1878]. See 
under band. 
maizavena (ma-zah-ven'ah). A proprietary uri- 
nary antiseptic and diuretic. 
maize (maz) [L. mays maize]. Indian corn; a cereal 
grain, the seed of Zea mays. See Zea. 
maizenate (ma'zen-at). Any salt of maizenic acid, 
maizole (ma'zdl). A proprietary emulsion of corn 
oil: used as a food remedy. 
maizolithium (ma-zo-lith'e-um). A solution of 
lithium maizenate: diuretic and genito-urinary 
sedative. Dose, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). Majocchi's disease (mah-jok'ez) [Domenico 
Majocchi, contemporary Italian physician]. See 
disease. 
make (mak). The closure and completion of an 
electric current. 
Makins' murmur (ma'kins) [Sir George Henry 
Makins, British surgeon, born 1853]. See under 
murmur. 
makro-. For words thus beginning, see macro-. 
mal (mahl) [Fr.; L. ma'lum, ill]. Disease, m. de 
abajo, Peruvian name for uterine cancer or syph- 
ilis. m. d'Aviateur. See aviators' disease, under 
disease, m. de Caderas, a disease of horses, 
mules, and dogs in South America which is char- 
acterized by weakness especially of the hind 
quarters and a staggering, swinging gate. It is 
-caused by Trypanosoma equinum which is probably 
transmitted by flies (Musca brava?). Dogs may 
get it by eating infected meat. m. de Cayenne, 
-elephantiasis, m. de colt. Same as dourine. 
m. comitial, epilepsy. m. d'estomac, 
.ankylostomiasis, m. de los pintos (da 16s 
pin'tos). See pinta, m. de Melada, sym- 
metric keratodermia of the extremities, occur- 
ring endemically in the island of Melada. m. de 
mer (deh mar'), sea-sickness, m. perforant, 
perforating ulcer of the foot. m. perforant 
palatin, perforating ulcer of the roof of the 
mouth. petit m., a mild attack of epilepsy, 
m. de siete dias, seven-day disease. m. de 
Zousfana, a disease of horses in Algeria; prob- 
ably a form of surra. 
mala (ma'lah) [L.]. The cheek or cheek-bone, 
malabar itch (mal'ab-ar). See under itch. 
malabathrum (mal-ab-ath'rum) [L.]. The leaf of 
Cinnamo'mum tarn'ala: formerly used in medicine. 
Malacarne's pyramid, space (mal-ah-kar'naz) 
[Michele Vincenzo Giacintos Malacarne, Italian 
surgeon, 1744-1816]. See pyramid and space. 
malachite green (mal'ak-it). See under green. 
malacia (mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. naXaKia]. 1. The 
morbid softening or softness of a part or tissue. 2. 
Craving for highly spiced food and dishes, as 
ipickles, salads, mustard, etc. myeloplastic m. 
Same as osteogenesis imperfecta. 
malacin (mal'as-in). See malakin. 
malacoma (mal-ak-o'mah). Morbid softening; 
also a morbidly soft part or spot. 
malacoplakia (mal"ak-o-pla'ke-ah) [Gr. /aaXaxos 
soft + 7rXa$ plaque]. The formation of soft 
-patches on the mucous membrane of a hollow 
organ, m. vesi'cae, a soft, yellowish, fungus-like 
growth on the mucous membrane of the bladder 
and ureters. 
malacosarcosis (mal"ak-o-sar-ko'sis) [Gr. juaXaxos 
soft + a apt flesh]. Softness of muscular tissue. 
malacosis (mal-ak-o'sis). Same as malacia. 
malacosteon (mal-ak-os'te-on) [Gr. jzaXaxos soft 
4- bar io v bone]. Morbid softness of the bones; 
osteomalacia. 
malacotic (mal-ak-ot'ik). Inclined to malacia; 
soft: said of teeth. 
malacotomy (mal-ak-ot'o-me) [Gr. jiaXaxos soft + 
renveivto cut]. Incision of the abdominal wall. 
malactic (mal-ak'tik) [Gr. juaXa/cos soft], 1. Soft- 
ening, emollient. 2. An emollient medicine. 
maladie (mal-ad-e') [Fr.]. A disease, m. bronze 
(braw-za'), epidemic hemoglobinuria, m. cys- 
tique (sis-tek'), cystic degeneration of the breast, 
m. de Woillez (du woy-ya'). See Woillez's 
disease, under disease, m. du coit (du ko-e'). 
See dourine. 
malady (mal'ad-e) [Fr. maladie]. Any disease or 
illness. 
malagma (mal-ag'mah) [Gr.]. An emollient or 
cataplasm. 
malaise (mal-az') [Fr.]. Any uneasiness or indis- 
position, discomfort, or distress. 
MAJOCCHI'S DISEASE 
634 
MALGAIGNE'S AMPUTATION 
malaka (mal'ak-ah). Salicylid-paraphenetidin: 
antirheumatic and antipyretic. 
malakin (mal'ak-in). Salicyl-paraphenetidin, C6- 
H4(OC2H?).N.CH.CeH4(OH) + H20, a patented 
antipyretic and antirheumatic, in yellow needles. 
It is insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in 
alcohol, and soluble in hot alcohol and solutions 
of alkaline carbonates. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
malakoplakia. See malacoplakia. 
malalignment, malalinement (mal-al-in'ment). 
A condition in which the teeth are displaced from 
their normal relation to the line of the dental arch. 
malanders (mal'an-derz). See mallanders. 
malandrin (mal-an'drin). A homeopathic remedy 
from grease (equine small-pox): used as a preven- 
tive of variola. 
malar (ma'lar) [L. ma'la cheek]. Pertaining to the 
cheek. 
malaria (mah-la're-ah) [It. mal'aria, bad air]. A 
febrile disease, formerly supposed to be due to 
poisonous emanations from damp ground, but now 
known to be caused by a blood parasite, the 
Plasmodium malaria; more correctly, the emana- 
tions themselves. See fever, malarial, bovine 
m., Texas fever. See under fever, hybrid m., 
malaria modified by being associated with another 
disease. 
malarial (mal-a're-al). Pertaining or .due to ma- 
laria. 
malarialize (mal-a're-al-iz). To infect with mal- 
arial poison. 
malariated (mal-a're-a-ted). Affected with ma- 
laria. 
malarin (mal'ar-in). A crystalline powder, CeHs- 
CCCHs) : N.C6H4.OC2H5, acetophenonephenetidin: 
antipyretic and antineuralgic, but dangerous. 
Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.6-1 gm.); patented. 
malariology (mal-a-re-ol'o-je) [malaria + Gr. 
Xbyos treatise]. The study of malaria. 
malariosis (mal-a-re-o'sis). A condition seen in 
soldiers who have recovered from malaria, in which 
they consider that they are*permanently disabled 
thereby, and are entitled to care and a pension. 
malarious (mal-a're-us). Pertaining to or marked 
by the presence of malaria. 
Malassez's disease (mal-as-az') [Louis Charles 
Malassez, physiologist in Paris, 1842-1909]. See 
disease. 
Malasse'zia fur'fur. See Microsporon furfur. 
malassimilation (mal"as-im-il-a'shun) [L. rna'lus 
ill + assimila'tio a rendering like]. Imperfect 
assimilation. 
malate (ma'lat). Any salt of malic acid. 
malaxation (mal-aks-a'shun) [L. malaxa'tio], An 
act of kneading; kneading movement in mas- 
sage. 
malcceur (mal-ker'). Ankylostomiasis. 
maldigestion (mal-di-jes'tshun). Impaired diges- 
tion. 
male (mal). 1. A person or animal of the sex that 
begets young or that produces spermatozoa. 2. 
Masculine. 
malemission (mal-e-mish'un). The failure of the 
semen to be discharged from the meatus in coi- 
tion. 
maleness (mal'nes). The catabolic diathesis in the 
embryo. 
Malerba's test (mah-ler'bahz) [Pasquale Malerba, 
Italian physician, died 1917]. See under tests. 
maleruption (mal-e-rup'shun). The eruption of a 
tooth so as to be out of its normal position. 
malformation (mal-for-ma'shun) [L. rna'lus evil 4- 
forma'tio a forming]. Defective or abnormal 
formation; deformity. 
Malgaigne's amputation, fossa, hernia, 
hook (mal-ganz') [Joseph Francois Malgaigne, MALIASMUS 
635 
MALTOSID 
French surgeon, 1806-1865]. See amputation, 
fossa, hernia, hook, etc. 
maliasmus (mal-e-as'mus). Glanders, or farcy. 
malic acid (mal'ik). See acid. 
malicor (mal'ik-or) [L. malico'rium apple-skin]. 
The strongly astringent, coriaceous rind of pome- 
granate fruit. 
malignancy (mal-ig'nan-se) [L. maligna're to act 
maliciously]. A tendency to progress in viru- 
lence. 
malignant (mal-ig'nant) [L. malig'nans acting 
maliciously]. Virulent, and tending to go from bad 
to worse. 
malignin (mal-ig'nin). A ferment supposed to exist 
in cancer cells and giving them their malignant 
character. 
malignometer (mal-ig-nom'et-er) [malignant + 
Gr. perpop measure]. An apparatus for detecting 
the existence of malignancy by observing the color 
reaction of the urine. 
mali-mali (mah"le-mah'le). A form of palmus, or 
jumping disease, endemic in the Philippines. 
malingerer (mal-in'jer-er) [Fr. malingre sickly]. 
One who feigns illness. 
malingering (mal-in'jer-ing). The feigning of ill- 
ness. 
malingeroscope (mal-in'jer-o-skop). An appa- 
ratus for detecting malingering with regard to 
alleged defects of vision. 
malinterdigitation (mal-in-ter-dij-it-a'shun). 
Abnormal interdigitation of the teeth. 
Mall's formula, ovum [Franklin Paine Mall, 
Baltimore anatomist, 1862-1917]. See formula and 
ovum. 
mallanders (mal'an-derz). A scab variety of 
eczema above the forefoot and about the knee of a 
horse. Called also mallenders and callenders. 
malleability (mal"e-ab-il'it-e). The quality of 
being malleable. 
malleable (mal'e-ab-1) [L. mallea're to hammer]. 
Susceptible of being beaten out into a thin plate. 
mallease (mal'e-as). A neutralized and filtered 
solution of glanders bacilli in 8 per cent, antiform: 
used in testing for glanders. See Konew's pre- 
cipitation test, under test. 
malleation (mal-e-a'shun) [L. mallea're to ham- 
mer]. Sharp and swift muscular twitching of the 
hands. 
mallein (mal'e-in) [L. mal'leus glanders]. The endo- 
toxin of Pfeiferella mallei. It consists of the germ- 
free bouillon in which the organism has grown 
and is used in the diagnosis of glanders, since, when 
injected into an animal affected with glanders, it 
causes a rise of temperature. 
malleinization (mal"e-in-is-a'shun). Inoculation 
with mallein. 
mallenders (mal'en-derz). See mallanders. 
malleo-incudal (mal"e-o-ink'u-dal). Pertaining 
to the malleus and incus. 
malleolar (mal-e'o-lar). Pertaining to a malle- 
olus. 
malleolus (mal-e'o-lus), pl. malle'oli [L. "little 
hammer"]. A hammer-headed process of bone, 
external m., lateral m., outer m., the lowest 
point of the fibula, inner m., medial m., the 
lowest point of the tibia. 
malleotomy (mal-e-ot'o-me) [malleus + Gr. to pi) 
a cut]. 1. The operation of dividing the malleus 
in cases of ankylosis of the ossicles of the middle ear. 
2. The operation of separating the malleoli by 
dividing the ligaments which hold them together. 
malleus (mal'e-us) [L. "hammer"]. 1. The mallet- 
shaped ossicle of the middle ear. 2. Glanders. 
mallochorion (mal-o-ko're-on) [Gr. ^aXXos wool 
+ chorion]. The primitive mammalian chorion: 
so called from its villi. 
Mallophaga (mal-of'ag-ah) [Gr. juaXXos wool + 
<payeiv to eat]. A group of biting lice feeding on 
the feathers and hair of birds. 
Mallory's bodies, stain (mal'or-ez) [Frank Burr 
Mallory, pathologist in Boston, born 1863]. See 
under body and stain. 
mallotoxin (mal-o-toks'in). See rottierin. 
mallow (mal'o) [L. mal' va]. Any plant of the genus 
Mal'va. The flowers and leaves of M. sylves'tris 
and M. vulga'ris are demulcent and are used like 
althea. marsh-m. See Althcea. 
malnutrition (mal-nu-trish'un). Imperfect assim- 
ilation and nutrition. 
malocclusion (mal-ok-lu'shun). Improper closure 
of the upper teeth upon the lower; abnormal posi- 
tion of the teeth, close-bite m., malocclusion 
in which the labial teeth pass their proper occlusal 
planes so that the lower incisiors strike the gum 
behind the upper incisors, open-bite m., mal- 
occlusion in which the labial teeth are prevented 
from coming together by occlusion of the buccal 
teeth. 
malonyl (mal'o-nil). The divalent radical, OCCH2- 
CO. m. urea. See barbituric acid, under acid. 
maloplasty (ma'lo-plas-te) [L. ma'la cheek + Gr. 
irXdaaeip to form]. Plastic surgery upon the 
cheek. 
malpighian (mal-pig'e-an). Of, pertaining to, or 
described by, the Italian anatomist, Marcello Mal- 
pighi (1628-1694). See body and corpuscle. 
malposed (mal-posd'). Not in the normal position, 
malposition (mal-po-zish'un) [L. ma'lus bad + 
posit'io placement]. Abnormal or anomalous 
position. 
malpractice (mal-prak'tis) [L. mal bad + practice]. 
Improper or injurious practice; unskilful and 
faulty medical or surgical treatment. 
malpraxis (mal-prax'is). Malpractice. 
malpresentation (mal"prez-en-ta'shun). A faulty, 
abnormal, or untoward fetal presentation. 
malt (mawlt) [L. mal'turn]. Grain, for the most 
part barley, which has been soaked, made to ger- 
minate, and then dried: it contains dextrin, maltose, 
and diastase. It is nutritive and digestant, aiding 
in the digestion of starchy foods, and is used in 
tuberculosis, cholera infantum, and other wasting 
diseases. Dose of extract, i-25 dr. (4-10 gm.); 
of fluidextract, 1-2 fl.oz. (15-60 c.c.). m. 
liquors, alcoholic beverages derived from fer- 
mented infusions of malt: they include beer, ale, 
and porter. 
Malta fever (mawl'tah). See fever. 
maltase (mawl'tas). A ferment which converts mal- 
tose into dextrose. It is found widely distributed 
in the animal and vegetable world. 
malthusianism (mal-thu'se-an-izm) [Rev. T. R. 
Malthus, English economist, 1766-1834]. The 
doctrine that at the normal rate of increase the 
population tends to increase faster than the means 
of sustenance can; and that, therefore, society 
should check the growth of population by late 
marriages and sexual continence. 
maltine (mawl-ten'). A proprietary food prepara- 
tion of malt. 
malto-dextrin (mawl-to-deks'trin). A dextrin 
convertible into maltose. 
maltol (mawl'tol). A proprietary food prepared 
from predigested cereals and nuts. 
maltopepsin (mawl-to-pep'sin). A proprietary 
digestant remedy. 
maltopetral (mawl-to-pet'ral). A proprietary malt 
extract with tasteless petroleum and hypophos- 
phites. 
maltose (mawl'tos). Malt-sugar; a disaccharid, 
C12H22O11 + H2O, from malt and from digested 
starch. 
maltosid (mawl'to-sid). A compound homologous with a glucosid, but in which the sugar is maltose 
instead of glucose. 
maltosuria (mawl-to-su're-ah). The presence of 
maltose in the urine. 
malto-yerbine (mawl-to-yer'bin). An expectorant 
preparation of malt and yerba santa: used in 
pulmonary diseases. 
maltrogen (mawl'tro-jen). A proprietary ^nutrient 
preparation of malt extract, olive oil, and glycerin. 
maltropon (mawl-trop'on). A combination of 
tropon and lecithin, used as a galactagogue. 
maltsanta (mawlt-san'tah). A preparation of 
maltzyme and yerba santa: usually employed as a 
sedative and tonic for respiratory mucous mem- 
branes. 
malturned (mal-temd'). Turned abnormally: 
said of teeth twisted on their central axes. 
maltzyme (mawlt'zim). A proprietary food and 
therapeutic preparation. 
malum (ma'lum) [L. for evil or disease], m. cox'ae, 
hip disease, m. per'forans pe'dis, perforating 
ulcer of the foot. m. seni'le, a variety of ar- 
thritis deformans peculiar to aged persons. See 
morbus coxa senilis, m. vene'reum, syphilis, 
m. vertebra'le suboccipita'les, tuberculosis 
of the atlas and axis. 
malunion (mal-u'nyon). Union of the fragments of 
a fractured bone in a faulty position. 
Malva (mal'vah) [L.]. See mallow. 
mal'vae fo'lia. Mallow leaves. 
Maly's test (mah'lez) [Richard Leo Maly, Austrian 
chemist, 1839-1894]. See under tests. 
mamaliga (mah-mal-e'geh). A solid cornmeal mush 
made from coarsely ground meal: used by the 
peasants of Roumania. 
mamanpian (mah-mahn"pe-ahn') [Fr. maman 
mother + pian yaw]. Mother-yaw. See yaw. 
mamelonated (mam'el-on-a-ted). Having nipple- 
like elevations on the surface. 
mamelonation (mam-el-o-na'shun). The develop- 
ment of nipple-like, rounded prominences on a part. 
mamilla, etc. (mam-il'ah). See mammilla, etc. 
mamma (mam'ah), pl. mam'ma [L.]. The mam- 
mary gland; the breast, accessory m., super- 
numerary m., mammary glands in excess of the 
normal number, m. viri'lis [B N A], male breast; 
the mammary gland in the male. 
mammal (mam'al). An individual belonging to the 
Mammalia. 
mammala (mam'al-ah). A proprietary milk food 
preparation in dried form. 
mammalgia (mam-al'je-ah) [L. mam'ma breast 
+ Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain in a mamma; mas- 
talgia. 
Mammalia (mam-a'le-ah) [L. mam'ma breast]. A 
division of vertebrate animals, including all that 
suckle their young. 
mammalogy (mam-al'o-je) [mammal + Gr. Xoyos 
treatise]. The study of mammals. 
mammary (mam'ar-e) [L. mamma'rius]. Pertain- 
ing to the mamma. 
mammectomy (mam-ek'to-me) [L. mam'ma breast 
+ Gr. eKrop.T) excision]. Excision of the breast. 
mammiform (mam'if-orm) [L. mam'ma breast + 
for'ma form]. Shaped like the mamma. 
mammilla, mamilla (mam-il'ah) [L.]. The nip- 
ple; also any nipple-like structure. 
mammillary (mam'il-a-re). Like or pertaining 
to a nipple. 
mammillate, mammillated (mam'il-at, mam'- 
il-a-ted) [L. mammilla'tus]. Having nipple-like 
projections. 
mammillation (mam-il-a'shun) [L. mammilla'tio]. 
1. The condition of being mammillated. 2. A 
mammilliform protuberance. 
mammilliform (mam-il'if-orm) [L. mammilla nip- 
ple + for'ma form]. Shaped like a nipple. 
MALTOSUR1A 
636 
mammilliplasty (mam-il'ip-las-te) [L. mammilla 
nipple 4- Gr. irXavaeiv to shape]. Plastic surgery 
of the nipple; thelyplasty. 
mammillitis (mam-il-i'tis) [L. mammilla nipple + 
-Uis]. Inflammation of the nipple. 
mammin (mam'in) [L. mam'ma breast]. A prepara- 
tion of mammary glands, used as a hemostatic in 
uterine hemorrhage. 
mammitis (mam-i'tis). Same as mastitis. 
mammose (mam-os') [L. mammo'sus]. i. Having 
large breasts, or mammae. 2. Mammillated. 
mammotomy (mam-ot'o-me). See maslotomy. 
Man. Abbreviation for L. manip'ulus, a handful, 
manaca (man'ak-ah). The Braz.lian plant, Brun- 
Jel'sia hopea'na: used in the treatment of gout and 
rheumatism. Dose of fluidextract, 10-60 min. 
(0.66-4 c.c.). 
manacaline (man'ak-al-in). An antirheumatic 
combination of manaca, cimicifuga, and colchicin. 
manchineel (man-kin-el'). The Hippom'ane man- 
cinel'la, a tree of tropical America. It abounds 
in a caustic poisonous sap or juice. 
mancinism (man'sin-izm) [L. man'cus crippled]. 
Left-handedness. 
Mandel's test (man'delz) [John Alfred Mandel, 
physiologic chemist in New York, born 1865]. 
See under tests. 
Mandelbaum's reaction (man'del-bawmz) [M. 
Mandelbaum, contemporary German physician]. 
See reaction. 
mandible (man'dib-1) [L, mandib'ulum]. The bone 
of the lower jaw. 
mandibula (man-dib'u-lah). [B N A] The man- 
dible. 
mandibular (man-dib'u-lar). Pertaining to the 
lower jaw-bone. 
mandibulopharyngeal (man-dib"u-lo-far-in'je- 
al). Pertaining to the mandible and the pharynx. 
Mandragora (man-drag'or-ah) [L.]. A genus of 
solanaceous plants. M. officinalis, the true or 
oriental mandrake, has the general properties of 
belladonna, and was formerly used as a narcotic 
and sedative. 
mandragorin (man-drag'or-in). A poisonous 
alkaloid, C17H23NO3, from mandragora: its proper- 
ties are much like those of atropin. 
mandrake (man'drak). See Mandr agora and podo- 
phyllum. 
mandram (man'dram). A West Indian stomachic 
and stimulant mixture. 
mandrel, mandril (man'drel, man'dril). A shaft 
in which a tool is held for rotation. 
mandrin (man'drin). A stilet or guide for a cath- 
eter. 
manducation (man-du-ka'shun) [L. manduca'tio]. 
The mastication or chewing of food. 
manducatory (man-du'ka-to-re). Pertaining to, 
or adapted to, chewing. 
maneuver (man-oo'ver). Any dexterous proceeding. 
Deutsch's m., the maneuver of pushing up and 
rotating the fetus when in internal version it has 
become wedged at the internal strait. Jendras- 
sik's m., a procedure for emphasizing the patellar 
reflex: the patient hooks his hands together by the 
flexed fingers and pulls apart as hard as he can. 
Naegeli's m., pushing upward of the patient's 
head with one hand under the occiput and the other 
under the jaw, for cure of nosebleed. 
manganese (man-gan-es') [L. man'ganum, man- 
gane'sium]. 1. A metal resembling iron; symbol, 
Mn; atomic weight, 54.93; specific gravity, 7.2. 
2. The trade name for manganous dioxid. m. 
albuminate, a salt in yellow-white scales: used 
in chlorosis and anemia, m. citrate, Mn3(CsH5- 
07)2: used in making solution of iron peptonate and 
manganese, m. dioxid, the black oxid of man- 
ganese, MnCh- It is a strong oxidizing agent and 
MANGANESE is used in amenorrhea, anemia, and irritable 
stomach. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.333 gm.), m. 
hypophosphite, Mn[P(OH)2]2.H2O. m. iodid. 
Dose of syrup, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). m. 
peptonate, a preparation used for chlorosis and 
anemia, m. saccharate, a brown powder: used 
for chlorosis and anemia, m. sulphate, a salt, 
MnS04 + 4H2O: used as a cholagogue and 
cathartic in nervous disorders, and locally as a 
counterirritant. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.333 gm.). 
manganum (man'gan-um). Latin for manganese. 
mangasol (man'gas-ol). Chlorphenolsulphonate 
of magnesium; a brown, antiseptic powder. Dose, 
10-30 gr. (0.6-^ gm.). 
mange (mani). '1 communicable disease of domestic 
animals, due to itch mites of the family Sarcoptidae. 
mangosteen (man'gos-ten). The fruit of Garcin'ia 
mangosta'na: its rind is astringent. 
mangostin (man'gos-tin). A yellow, crystalline 
compound from mangosteen rind. 
mania (ma'ne-ah) [Gr. pavla madness]. A variety 
of insanity characterized by an expansive emo- 
tional state, such as wild excitement, halluci- 
nations, delusions, and violent tendencies; in- 
sanity with exaltation, as distinguished from 
melancholia, or insanity with depression, acute 
hallucinatory m. See Ganser's syn- 
drome, under syndrome. alcoholic m., 
insanity due to the misuse of alcoholic stimu- 
lants. m. a po'tu, delirium tremens. Bell's 
m., acute periencephalitis. dancing m. 
See choromania. doubting m., doubting in- 
sanity. epileptic m., mania with acts of 
violence following, preceding, or replacing an 
epileptic attack, histrionic m., mania marked 
by dramatic speech and gestures, hysteric m., 
mania as one of the concomitants of a hysteric 
condition, m. mi'tis, the mildest form of mania, 
periodic m., a condition in which maniacal 
attacks of varying duration follow one another 
at more or less regular intervals, puerperal m., 
the insanity which sometimes follows childbirth. 
Ray's m., moral insanity, reasoning m., 
simple mania with active but perverted ideation, 
religious m., mania with abnormal or perverted 
religious impulses, m. secan'di, undue haste to 
perform unnecessary surgical operations, transi- 
tory m., severe frenzied mania, the attacks of 
which are of short duration. 
maniac (ma'ne-ak) [L. mani'acus}. One who is 
affected with mania. 
maniacal (man-i'ak-al). Affected with mania. 
manic (ma'nik). Pertaining to or affected with 
mania. 
manicure (man'ik-ur) [L. ma'nus hand + cu'ra 
care]. 1. A process or method of caring for and 
embellishing the hand. 2. One who professionally 
cares for the hands and nails. 
manigraphy (ma-nig'raf-e) [Gr. pavta madness + 
ypa<pei.v to write]. Description of insanity in its 
various forms. 
manihot (man'e-hot). See cassava and Jatropha. 
manikin (man'ik-in). A model of the body, with 
movable members and parts, used to illustrate 
anatomy. 
Manip. Abbreviation for L. manip'ulus, a handful, 
maniphalanx (man-if-a'lanks) [L. ma'nus hand + 
phalanx}. A phalanx of the hand. Cf. pedi- 
phalanx. 
manipulation (man-ip-u-la'shun) [L. manipulate 
to handle]. Skilful or dexterous treatment by the 
hand, conjoined m., manipulation with both 
hands. 
manipulus (man-ip'u-lus). Latin for handful. 
Mann's sign [John Dixon Mann, English physician, 
1840-1912]. See sign. 
manna (man'ah) [L.]. A sweet, concrete, aperient 
exudation containing mannite, from Fraxi'nus 
or'nus. It is a mild aperient and cholagogue. 
MANGANUM 
637 
Dose, J-i fl. oz. (15-30 c.c.). Armenian m., a 
variety growing upon the oak, and containing glu- 
cose. Australian m., a manna from various 
species of Eucalyp'tus, containing melitose. Bri- 
ancon m., a manna from larch boughs, con- 
taining melezitose. fat-m., impure commercial 
manna in soft, brown masses, tamarisk m., a 
variety from Tam'arix mannif'era, a tamarisk of 
Arabia containing saccharose, glucose, and dex- 
trin. trehala m., a manna from Persia con- 
taining trehalose. This manna is from Aith'iops 
per'sica, and contains the cocoons of an insect, 
Lar'inus macula'tus. In Asia varieties of manna 
are obtained from Alha'gi camelo'rum, Astrag'- 
alus adnes'cens, A. florulen'tus, and other trees 
and shrubs. 
Mannaberg's sign (man'ab-ergz) [Julius Manna- 
berg, physician in Vienna, born i860]. See under 
sign. 
mannitan (man'it-an). A syrupy liquid, C8H12O3, 
obtainable from mannite. 
mannite, mannitol (man'It, man'it-ol). An unfer- 
mentable hexatomic alcohol, CH2OH(CHOH)4- 
CH2OH, the principal constituent of ordinary 
manna. 
mannitol hexanitrate (man'it-ol). C6H8(O.- 
NO2)6, an effective vasodilator. 
mannitose (man'it-6s). Same as levulose. 
Mannkopf's sign (man'kopfs) [Emil Wilhelm 
Mannkopf, German physician, 1836-1918]. See 
under sign. 
mannose (man'os). A monosaccharid, CH2OH.- 
(CH0H)4.CH0; an aldehyd sugar produced by the 
oxidation of mannitol. 
mannosocellulose (man-o-so-sel'u-16s). A variety 
of cellulose from coffee; it is changed by hydrolysis 
into mannose and glucose. 
manol (ma'nol). A proprietary antiseptic syrup: 
used for whooping-cough. 
manola (man-o'lah). A tonic preparation of cod- 
liver oil, coca, china, mano-nut, and phosphates. 
mano lymph glands (man'o-limf). See hemo- 
lymph glands, under gland. 
manometer (man-om'et-er) [Gr. pavos thin + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the pressure or tension of liquids or gases, as the 
blood, etc. Konig's m., an apparatus by which 
the notes of a musical instrument connected with it 
produce variations in the appearance of a flame, 
and thus indicate the character of the vibrations. 
manometric (man-o-met'rik). 1. Pertaining to or 
ascertained by the manometer. 2. Varying with 
the pressure, as, a manometric cicatrix. 
manoscopy (man-os'ko-pe). The measurement of 
the density of gases. 
Man. pr. Abbreviation for L. ma'ne pri'mo, early 
in the morning. 
manquea (mahn-ka'ah). An infectious disease of 
young cattle in South America, caused by a minute 
oval bacillus. It is marked by the formation of 
abscesses upon the legs. 
mansa (man'sah). The root or rhizome of Hout- 
tuyn'ia califoFnica: used as a tonic in dysentery 
and malaria; yerba mansa. 
Manson's pyosis (man'sonz) [Sir Patrick Manson, 
British physician, 1844-1922]. See pyosis. 
mantle (man'tl). The cortex of the brain. 
manual (man'u-al) [L. manua'lis; ma'nus hand]. 
Of or pertaining to the hand; performed by the 
hand or hands. 
manubrium (man-u'bre-um) [L. " handle "]. 1. 
The uppermost piece of the sternum (m. ste/ni). 2. 
The inferior process of the malleus (m. mal'let). 
manudynamometer (man"u-di-nam-om'et-er) [L. 
ma'nus hand + Gr. Svvapcs force + perpov 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring the force 
of the thrust of an instrument. 
manus (ma'nus) [L. " the hand "]. The hand, 
m. ca'va, a hand deformed by a deep hollowing of 
MANUS MANUSTUPRATION 
638 
MARROL 
the palm. m. exten'sa, backward deviation of 
the hand. m. flex'a, forward deviation of the 
hand. m. pla'na, flattening of the arch formed 
normally by the proximal row of the carpal bones; 
flat hand. m. superexten'sa, manus extensa. 
m. val'ga, club-hand marked by deflection 
of the hand toward the ulnar side. m. va ra, 
club-hand marked by deflection of the hand to 
the radial side. 
manustupration (man"u-stu-pra'shun) [L. manus- 
tupra'tio]. Masturbation, or self-pollution. 
manyplies (men'ip-liz). The omasum, psalterium, 
or third stomach of a ruminant animal. 
Manz's glands (manz) [Wilhelm Manz, German 
ophthalmologist, 1833-1911]. See under gland. 
manzanilla (man-zah-nil'ah) [Sp.]. A variety or 
brand of sherry wine. 
manzanita (man-zah-ne'ta) [Sp., dim. of manzana 
apple]. A small shrub or tree of the genus Arcto- 
staphylos, found in the western part of the United 
States. 
M. A. O. Abbreviation for Master of Obstetric Art. 
maqui (mah'kwe). A liliaceous shrub of South 
America: its berries afford an antifebrile wine. 
Maragliano's serum (mah-ral-yan'oz) [D. Ma- 
ragliano, Italian physician, born 1849]. See under 
serum. 
Marafion's sign (mar-ohn'yonz) [Gregorio Mar- 
ahon, contemporary Spanish physician]. See under 
sign. 
Maranta (mah-ran'tah) L. after B. Maranta]. A 
genus of tropical herbs: the roots of several species 
afford arrowroot. 
marantic (mah-ran'tik) [Gr. papalveiv to waste]. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of marasmus. 
maraschino (mar-as-ke'no) [Itai.]. A liqueur 
prepared in Italy and Dalmatia from cherries. 
marasmatic, marasmic (mar-az-mat'ik, mar-az'- 
mik). Affected with or of the nature of maras- 
mus. 
marasmoid (mar-az'moid) [Gr. papaapos a wast- 
ing + elbos form]. Resembling marasmus. 
marasmus (mar-az'mus) [Gr. papaapos a wast- 
ing], Progressive wasting and emaciation, espe- 
cially such a wasting in young children when 
there is no obvious or ascertainable cause. Called 
also marasmus infanti'lis and m. lactan'tium. 
marble (maFbl) [L. mar'mor]. Native calcium 
carbonate occurring as a rock. 
marbleization (mar-bel-iz-a'shun). The state of 
being veined like marble. 
marc (mark) [Fr.]. The residue left after the press- 
ing of grapes for wine or olives for their oil. 
Marchand's adrenals (mar'shandz) [Felix Mar- 
chand, German pathologist, born 1846]. Accessory 
adrenals in the broad ligament. 
Marchi's bundle, reaction, tract, etc. (mar- 
kez) [Vittorio Marchi, contemporary Italian 
physician]. See bundle, reaction, tract, etc. 
marcid (mar'sid) [L. mar'cere to waste away]. 
Wasting away. 
Marckwald's operation (mark'valts) [Max 
Marckwald, German surgeon, born 1844]. See 
operation. 
Marfichal's test (mar-a-shalz') [Louis Eugene 
Martchai, contemporary French physician]. See 
under tests. 
marennin (mar-en'in). A green pigment from 
the oysters of Marennes, in France; derived from 
the chlorophyl of a microorganism that infests 
them. 
mareo (mar-a'o) [Sp.]. Sea-sickness, m. de la 
Cordillera, mountain sickness. 
maretin (mar-e'tin). A white, colorless, tasteless 
powder, methylated acetanilid or carbamic acid- 
metatolylhydrazid, CH3.C6H4.(NH)2.CO.NH2. It 
is used as an antipyretic. Dose, 2-7J gr. (0.13-0.5 
gm.). 
Marey's law (mar-ez') [Etienne Jules Marey, French 
physiologist, 1830-1904]. See law. 
Marfan's disease, method of puncture (mar- 
fahnz') [Bernard-Jean Antonin Marfan, pediatrist 
in Paris, born 1858]. See under disease and method. 
margaric acid (mar-gar'ik). See acid. 
margarin (mar'gar-in) [Gr. papyapov pearl], 1. 
The (theoretic) trimargarate of propenyl. 2. An 
artificial butter made from natural fats, oils, and 
butter. 
margarone (mar'gar-6n). See palmitone. 
Margaro'pus annula'tus. A species of tick 
common in the southern United States, Africa, 
and South America. It transmits Piro plasma 
bigeminum, the cause of Texas fever in cattle, 
margin (mar'jin). A bounding line; an edge. 
gingival m., the border of the gingiva surround- 
ing, but unattached to, the necks of the teeth, 
gum m., the edge of the gums at the necks of the 
teeth. 
marginal (mar'jin-al) [L. ma/ginalis; ma/go 
margin]. Pertaining to a margin or border. 
margination (mar-jin-a'shun). Adhesion of leuko- 
cytes to the blood-vessel walls in the early stages of 
inflammation. 
marginoplasty (mar-jin'o-plas-te) [L. ma/go mar- 
gin + Gr. irXacraeLV to mold]. Surgical renewal 
of a border, as of the eyelid. 
margo (mar'go) [L.]. An edge or border. 
margosate (mar'go-sat). A salt of margosic acid. 
The margosates have antiprozoal action and are 
used in syphilis. 
margosic acid (mar-go'sik). See under acid. 
mariahuana (mah-re-ah-wah'nah). An extremely 
poisonous weed found in Mexico, probably cannabis 
indica. 
Marie's disease (mar-ez') [Pierre Marie, French 
physician, born 1853]. See under disease. 
marigold (ma/ig-old). See Anthemis, Calendula, 
Matricaria, Tagetes. 
Mariotte's experiment, law, spot (mar-e-ots') 
[Edme Mariotte, French physicist, 1620-1684]. 
See experiment, law, spot. 
marisca (mar-is'kah), pl. maris'ca [L. maris'ca a pile]. 
A hemorrhoid. 
mariscal (mar-is'kal). Hemorrhoidal. 
maritonucleus (mar"it-o-nu'kle-us) [L. ma/itus 
married + nucleus]. The nucleus of the ovum 
after the sperm-cell has entered it. 
Marjolin's ulcer (mar-zho-lanz') [Jean Nicolas 
Marjolin, 1780-1850]. See under ulcer. 
marjoram (maFjo-ram). See Origanum. 
markasol (mar'kas-ol). Bismuth borophenate, 
BiaOaBtCgHsXCC^a.HjO: a white powder used as 
an antiseptic for wound-dressing. 
markings, Fontana's (maFkingz). The minute 
transverse folds seen on a divided nerve-trunk. 
marmoration (mar-mo-ra'shun) [L. mar'mor 
marble]. Marbleization. 
Marmo's method (mar'moz) [Serafino Marmo, 
contemporary Italian obstetrician]. See under 
method. 
Marmorek's serum (maFmo-reks) [Alexander 
Marmorek, Austrian physician living in Paris, 
born 1865]. See under serum. 
marmorekin (mar-mor'ek-in). Marmorek's anti- 
streptococcus serum; antistreptococcin: a serum 
for use in erysipelas. 
marmot (mar'mot). The tarbagan; a large fur- 
bearing rodent, Arctomys bobac; it is a natural 
reservoir for the' plague which is transmitted by a 
flea, Ceratophyllus silantiew'i. small m. See 
Spermophilus. 
Marris' atropin test (mar'is). See under tests. 
marrol (mar'ol). A dietetic preparation of ox- 
marrow, malt extract, and calcium phosphate. MARROW 
639 
MASSA 
marrow (mar'o). The soft material that fills most 
of the cavities and cancelli of the bones. It is 
made up of a meshwork of connective tissue con- 
taining branching connective-tissue corpuscles, 
the meshes of the meshwork being filled with 
marrow-cells, which consist variously of fat-cells, 
large nucleated cells or myelocytes, and multinucle- 
ated giant-cells called myeloplaxes. black m., a 
pigmented maYrow seen in the melanosis of old 
horses, fat-m., yellow bone-marrow, red m., 
marrow of developing bone, of the ribs, vertebrae, 
and many of the smaller bones. This variety of mar- 
row is regarded as having an important hematopoi- 
etic function, spinal m., the spinal cord, or mye- 
lon. m. spoon, gouge for removing marrow from 
bones, yellow m., ordinary bone-marrow of the 
kind in which the fat-cells predominate. 
Marrubium (mar-u'be-um) [L.]. See horehound. 
mars (marz) [L.]. An old name for iron. 
Marsden's paste (marz'denz) [Alexander Marsden, 
London surgepn, 1832-1902]. See paste. 
Marsh's disease (marsh-ez) [Sir Henry Marsh, 
Irish physician, 1790-1860]. Exophthalmic goiter. 
Marsh's test (marshez) [James Marsh, English 
chemist, 1789-1846]. See under tests. 
Marshall's fold (mar'shalz) [John Marshall, 
English anatomist, 1818-1891]. See under fold, 
vestigial. 
Marshall Hall's disease, facies, etc. [English 
physician, 1790-1857]. See disease, facies, etc. 
marsh-fever (marsh-fe'ver). See fever. 
marsh-gas (marsh-gas'). See methane. 
marshmallow (marsh'mal-o). See Althaa. 
marsupial (mar-su'pe-al) [L. marsu'pium a pouch]. 
One of a class of mammals characterized by the 
possession of an abdominal pouch in which the 
young are carried for some time after birth. 
marsupialization (mar-su"pe-al-iz-a'shun) [L. 
marsu'pium pouch]. The operation of stitching 
the edges of an ovarian tumor to the edges of the 
abdominal wound so as to leave a pouch. The sac 
suppurates, fills with granulations, and shrinks. 
marsupia patella'ria (mar-su'pe-ah). The alar 
ligaments of the knee. 
marsyle (mar'sil). A preparation of organic 
arsenic and iron, being the cacodylate of iron. 
Called also iron cacodylate. 
martial (mar'shal) [L. martia'lis; mars iron]. Con- 
taining iron: ferruginous. 
Martin's bandage, disease, operation, etc. 
(mar'tinz) [Henry Austin Martin, American sur- 
geon, 1824-1884]. See under bandage, disease, 
and operation. 
Martin's tube (mar'tinz) [August Martin, gyne- 
cologist in Berlin, born 1847]. See tube. 
Martinotti's cell (mar-tin-ot'ez) [Giovanni Mar- 
tinotti, contemporary Italian physician]. See cell. 
martol (mar'tol). A semifluid preparation from 
the shells of cacao, containing theobromin, phos- 
phates, iron tannate, etc. 
martonite (mar'to-nlt). A war gas mixture com- 
posed of 80 per cent, of bromo-acetone and 20 per 
cent, of chloro-acetone. 
Maruta (mah-ru'tah) [L.]. A genus of composite- 
flowered herbs. M. cot'ula, mayweed or dog- 
fennel, is used like chamomile. 
maschaladenitis (mas-kal-ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. ^acr- 
Xa-\f] armpit + a&qv gland + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the glands of the axilla. 
maschalephidrosis (mas"kal-ef-id-ro'sis) [Gr. 
armpit + e<plbpwcn.s excessive sweating]. 
Excessive sweating in the armpits. 
maschaliatry (mas-kal-e-at're) [Gr. juaaxaXr; arm- 
pit + tarpit a treatment]. Medication by inunc- 
tion into the armpit. 
masculation (mas-ku-la'shun). The development 
of male characteristics. 
masculine (mas'ku-lin) [L. masculi'nus]. Per- 
taining to the male sex; male. 
masculinity (mas-ku-lin'it-e). The possession of 
normal masculine qualities. 
masculonucleus (mas"ku-lo-nu'kle-us). See ar- 
senoblast. 
Masini's sign (mah-ze'nez) [contemporary Italian 
physician]. See sign. 
mask (mask) [Fr. masque]. An appliance for shading, 
protecting, or medicating the face, ecchymotic 
m., traumatic asphyxia. See asphyxia. Es- 
march's m., a frame of metal over which strips 
of gauze are stretched: used for administering 
ether or chloroform by inhalation. Fontana's 
m., a transverse fold occurring on a nerve trunk 
at the point where it has been cut. Hutchin- 
son's m., a sensation as if the skin of the face 
were compressed by a mask; often a symptom of 
tabes dorsalis. Kuhn's m., a mask to be worn 
over the nose and mouth, which, by obstructing the 
respiration, produces artificial hyperemia of the pul- 
monary tissues. It is used in treating pulmonary 
tuberculosis, luetic m., a brownish, blotchy pig- 
mentation over the forehead, temples, and cheeks, 
sometimes seen in persons with tertiary syphilis. 
Mikulicz's m., a mask for covering the surgeon's 
nose and mouth while operating. It consists of a 
wire frame covered with gauze, tropical m., 
chloasma bronzinum. Tuttle's m., a wire 
frame covered with gauze to go over the face 
of a surgeon while operating, uterine m., 
chloasma occurring during pregnancy or uterine 
disease. 
masked (maskt) [L. larva'tus], Hidden or con- 
cealed; not obvious. 
masochism (mas'o-kizm) [Leopold von Sacher- 
Masoch, an Austrian novelist]. Sexual perver- 
sion with enjoyment of being cruelly treated. 
masochist (mas'o-kist). One who is given to maso- 
chism. 
Mas. pil. Abbreviation for L. mas'sa pUula'rumr 
pill-mass. 
masrium (mas're-um). A very rare metallic ele- 
ment; symbol, Ms, obsolete. 
mass (mas) [L. mas'sa]. x. A body made up of 
cohering particles. 2. A cohesive mixture suit- 
able for being made up into pills. 3. That char- 
acteristic of matter which gives it inertia. The 
mass of a hypothetic atom of atomic weight 1.000 
is 1.648 X io~24 gm., and the mass of any other 
atom may be found by multiplying this number 
by the atomic weight of the atom. The mass of 
the electron is 8.8 X io-28 gm. achromatic 
m., the non-staining portion of the karyokinetic 
figure, blue m. (mas'sa hydrar'gyri), metallic 
mercury rubbed up with honey of rose, etc., for 
making bluepill. Alarm. See reticular structure, 
under structure, intermediate m. See massa 
intermedia, pilular m., a drug mass of the 
proper consistency for being made into pills. 
Priestley's m., a green or brownish sub- 
stance sometimes seen upon the canine and 
incisor teeth, chiefly in quite young persons; 
it is caused by a chromogenic microorganism. 
Schultze's granular m's, granular masses, 
consisting largely of broken-down blood-plaques, 
formed in the blood. Stent's m., a compound 
used in making dental impressions and molds for 
surgical work, tigroid m's. Same as Nissl 
bodies. See under body. Vallet's m., mass of 
ferrous carbonate (mas'sa fefri carbona'tis). Dose, 
in pills, 3-5 gr. (0.3-0.333 gm.), ventrolateral 
m., that portion of the primitive lateral mass of 
the embryo from which are developed the abdom- 
inal, thoracic, and anterior cervical muscles. 
massa (mas'ah). Latin for mass (q. v.). m. 
car'nea jaco'bi syl'vii, the accessorius muscle 
of the foot. m. copa'ibae, copaiba, 94 parts, 
solidified by the addition of 6 parts of magnesia; 
solidified copaiba, m. interme'dia, a band of 
gray matter connecting the medial surfaces of the two thalami across the third ventricle. Called also 
intermediate mass, commissura mollis, soft com- 
missure, and middle commisure. 
massage (mas-azh') [Fr.; Gr. pavaeiv to knead]. 
The systematic therapeutic friction, stroking, and 
kneading of the body, auditory m., massage 
of the drum membrane. Cederschibld's m., 
massage by making rhythmic pressure over the 
parts, douche-m., massage combined with the 
application of a douche, electrovibratory m., 
massage by means of an electric vibrator, hy- 
dropneumatic m., massage by means of air 
forced through a tube at the end of which is a 
chamber containing water, the water chamber 
being applied to the part to be massaged, tre- 
molo m., a variety of mechanic massage, vapor- 
m., treatment of a cavity by a medicated and 
nebulized vapor under interrupted pressure, vi- 
bratory m., massage by rapidly repeated light 
percussion with a vibrating hammer or sound. 
Masselon's spectacles (mas-el-awz') [Michel 
Julien Masselon, French physician, born 1844]. 
See spectacles. 
massering, masseuring (mas-e'ring). Perform- 
ing massage: used in the performance of massage. 
Masset's test (mas-az') [Alfred Auguste Masset, 
French physician, born 1870]. See under tests. 
masseter (mas-e'ter) [Gr. paaqr-qp chewer]. See 
muscles, table of. 
masseteric (mas-et-er'ik). Pertaining to the mas- 
seter muscle. 
masseur (mahs-ser') [Fr.]. 1. A man who per- 
forms massage. 2. An instrument for perform- 
ing massage. 
masseuse (mahs-uhz') [Fr.]. A woman who per- 
forms massage. 
massicot (mas'ik-ot). Yellow lead oxid, PbO. 
massogran (mas'o-gran). A proprietary milk- 
curdling compound in granular form. 
massol (mas'ol). A pill excipient made of gelatin, 
40 gr.; glycerin, 2 fl.dr.; powdered sugar, 3 dr.; 
and distilled water to make 1 oz. 
Massol's bacillus (mas-olz') [Leon Massol, Swiss 
bacteriologist, 1837-1909]. Bacillus bulgaricus. 
massolin (mas'o-lin) [Leon Massol, bacteriologist 
at Geneva, 1837-1909]. A pure culture of Ba- 
cillus bulgaricus in a medium adapted for intro- 
duction into the nose, throat, and other body 
cavities: used in chronic inflammatory conditions 
of the nose, throat, and sinuses. 
massor (mas'or). Same as masseur. 
massotherapy (mas-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. pacroeiv to 
knead + therapy]. The treatment of disease by 
massage. 
massoy (mas-oi'). The bark of Massoi'a aromat'ica, 
of Japan: used in diarrhea, colic, and spasms. 
mastadenitis (mas"tad-en-i'tis) [Gr. paarbs 
breast + abr/v gland + -tris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the mammary gland. 
mastadenoma (mas"tad-en-o'mah) [Gr. paaros 
breast + ab-qv gland + -upa tumor]. Tumor of 
the breast. 
mastalgia (mas-tal'je-ah) [Gr. paarbs breast + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the mammary gland. 
mastatrophia, mastatrophy (mas-tat-ro'fe-ah, 
mas-tat'ro-fe) [Gr. paarbs breast + atrophy]. 
Atrophy of the mammary gland. 
mastauxe (mas-tawk'se) [Gr. paarbs breast + 
increase]. Enlargement of the breast. 
mast-cell (mast'sel) [Ger. " food-cell "]. See cell. 
mastectomy (mas-tek'to-me) [Gr. paarbs breast + 
eKropri excision]. Excision of the breast; mam- 
' mectomy. 
masthelcosis (mas-thel-ko'sis) [Gr. paarbs breast 
+ eXKuats ulceration]. Ulceration of the breast 
or mammary gland. 
mastic (mas'tik) [L. mas'tiche; Gr. paarlyq]. A 
resin obtained from Pista'cia lentis'cus, a tree of 
MASSAGE 
640 
the Mediterranean region. It is styptic, stimu- 
lant, and stomachic, and is used in microscopy 
and in dentistry, m. test. See under tests. 
mastication (mas-tik-a'shun) [L. mastica're to 
chew]. The chewing of food. 
masticatory (mas'tik-a-to-re). i. Subserving or 
pertaining to mastication; affecting the muscles 
of mastication. 2. A remedy to be chewed but 
not swallowed. 
mastiche (mas'tik-e). See mastic. 
Mastigophora (mas-tig-of'o-rah) [Gr. whip 
+ <pepew to bear], A class of protozoan organisms 
comprising those which have from one to four 
flagella. It has two important orders, the Flagel- 
lata and the Choano-flagellata. Several species are 
occasionally found as parasites within the hollow 
organs of the body. 
mastigote (mas'tig-ot). A member of the class 
Mastigophora. 
mastisol (mas'tis-ol). A proprietary antiseptic 
varnish for surgical use. 
mastitis (mas-ti'tis) [Gr. paarbs breast + -ins in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the breast; particu- 
larly inflammation of the mammary gland, m. 
carcino'sa. See carcinoma mastitoides. inter- 
stitial m., inflammation of the stroma of the 
mammary gland, m. neonato'rum, inflamma- 
tion of the breasts of new-born infants, paren- 
chymatous m., inflammation of the glandular 
substance of the breast, phlegmonous m., 
abscess of the breast, retromammary m., 
submammary m., paramastitis, stagnation 
m., a local engorgement affecting one or more 
lobules of the breast and forming a painful lump 
on the organ. It occurs during early lactation. 
Called also caked breast. 
mastocarcinoma (mas"to-kar-sin-o'mah)[Gr. pa<r- 
tos breast + carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the breast. 
mastoccipital (mas-tok-sip'et-al). Same as 
masto-occipital. 
mas to chondroma, mastochondrosis (mas"to- 
kon-dro'mah, mas"to-kon-dro'sis) [Gr. paorbs 
breast + chondroma}. A chondroma, or cartilagin- 
ous tumor, of the breast. 
mastodynia (mas-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. paorbs breast 
+ obvvi) pain]. Pain in the breast. 
mastoid (mas'toid) [Gr. paarbs breast fl- elbos 
form]. 1. Nipple-shaped. 2. The mastoid process 
of the temporal bone; sometimes called the mas- 
toid bone. 3. Pertaining to the mastoid process. 
mastoidal (mas-toi'dal). Pertaining to the mastoid 
process of the temporal bone. 
mastoidale (mas-toi-da'le). The lowest point of 
the mastoid process. 
mastoidalgia (mas-toi-dal'je-ah) [mastoid + Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the mastoid region. 
mastoidea (mas-toi'de-ah). The mastoid portion 
of the temporal bone. 
mastoidectomy (mas-toi-dek'to-me) [mastoid + 
Gr. eKropi] excision]. Excision of the mastoid 
cells or antrum of the mastoid bone; total mastoid 
operation. 
mastoideocentesis (mas-toi"de-o-sen-te'sis) [mas- 
toid + Gr. Ktvrijais puncture]. Paracentesis of 
the mastoid cells. 
mastoideum (mas-toi'de-um). The mastoid por- 
tion of the temporal bone. 
mastoiditis (mas-toid-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
mastoid antrum and cells. Bezold's m., a form 
in which the pus has escaped into the digastric 
groove and the head of the sternomastoid muscle, 
m. exter'na, inflammation of the periosteum of 
the mastoid process, m. inter'na, inflammation 
of the cells of the mastoid, sclerosing m., 
mastoiditis attended with hardening and condensa- 
tion of the bone. 
mastoidotomy (mas-toid-ot'o-me) [mastoid + Gr. 
TepveLv to cut]. Surgical opening of the antrum 
or cells of the mastoid bone. 
MASTOIDOTOMY MASTOLOGIST 
641 
mastologist (mas-tol'o-jist). An expert in mas- 
tology. 
mastology (mas-tol'o-je) [Gr. paarbs breast 4- 
Xbyos treatise]. The science or study of the mam- 
mary apparatus. 
mastomenia (mas-to-me'ne-ah) [Gr. paarbs breast 
+ menses]. Vicarious menstruation from 
the breast. 
mastoncus (mas-tong'kus) [Gr. paarbs breast + 
bykos tumor], A tumor of the breast or mammary 
gland. 
masto-occipital (mas"to-ok-sip'it-al). Pertaining 
to the mastoid process and the occipital bone. 
mastoparietal (mas"to-par-i'et-al) [mastoid 4- 
parietal]. Pertaining to the mastoid process and 
the parietal bone. 
mastopathy (mas-top'ath-e) [Gr. paarbs breast + 
irados disease]. Disease of the mammary gland. 
mastopexy (mas'to-peks-e) [Gr. paaros breast + 
fixation]. The surgical fixation of a pen- 
dulous mamma. 
mastorrhagia (mas-to-ra'je-ah) [Gr. paarbs breast 
4- p-qyvwai. to burst forth]. Sudden hemorrhage 
from the mammary gland. 
mastoscirrhus (mas-to-skir'us) [Gr. paarbs breast 
4- anippos hardness]. Hardening, or scirrhus, of 
the mammary gland. 
mastosquamous (mas-to-skwa'mus). Pertaining 
to or affecting the mastoid and squama. 
mastotomy (mas-tot'o-me) [Gr. pavrbs breast 4- 
repveiv to cut]. Surgical incision of a mamma. 
masturbation (mas-tur-ba'shun) [L. ma'nus hand 
4- stupra're to rape]. Self-pollution; the causa- 
tion of an orgasm by the hand or by any mechanic 
friction of the genitals. 
Matas' band, operation (mat'as) [Rudolph 
Matas, surgeon in New Orleans, born i860]. See 
band and endo-aneurysmorrhaphy. 
mate (mah'ta) [Spanish American]. The dried 
leaves of I'lex paraguayen'sis. They are used 
like tea, and are diuretic, diaphoretic, and nutri- 
tive. 
materia medica (mat-e're-ah med'ik-ah) [L. 
" medical material "]. That branch of medical 
study which deals with drugs, their sources, prepa- 
rations, and uses. 
Mate'ria Med'ica Pu'ra. Hahnemann's work 
giving the result of his provings of sixty-one drugs. 
It forms the basis of the homeopathic materia 
medica. 
materies morbi (mat-e're-ez mor'bi) [L. " sub- 
stance of disease "]. The substance, virus, or 
principle which causes a disease, m. pec'cans, 
the offending substance. 
materna (mat-er'nah). A proprietary phosphorus 
preparation used in the treatment of tuberculosis. 
maternal (mat-er'nal) [L. mater'nus; ma'ter mother]. 
Pertaining to the mother. 
maternity (mat-er'nit-e) [L. ma'ter mother]. 1. 
Motherhood. 2. A lying-in hospital. 
maternology (mat-er-nol'o-je) [L. ma'ter 4- Gr. 
Xbyos treatise]. The study of scientific mother- 
hood; the art of motherhood and child rearing. 
Mathieu's disease, serum (mat-e-uz') [Albert 
Mathieu, physician in Paris, 1855-1917]. See dis- 
ease and serum. 
matico (mah-te'ko) [Sp.; a nickname for Matthew], 
The leaves of Pi'per angustifo'lium, a shrub of 
South and Central America. They are stimulant 
and hemostatic, and are used in diarrhea, leukor- 
rhea, cystitis, and internal hemorrhages. Dose, 
in powder, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.); of fluidextract, 
30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of tincture, 3-2 fl.dr. (2-8 
c.c.). 
matlazahuatl (mat-lahz-ah-what'l). A form of 
typhus endemic in Mexico. 
matrass (mat'ras). A glass vessel with a long neck 
used for treating dry substances in chemical opera- 
tions. 
matrical (mat'rik-al). Of or relating to a matrix. 
Matricaria (mat-rik-a're-ah) [L.]. A genus of 
composite-flowered plants. The flowering tops 
of M. chamomil'la, or German chamomile, are 
mildly tonic and febrifuge, and are used like the 
English chamomile. Dose of fluidextract, 8-30 
min. (0.533-2 c.c.). 
matricial (ma-trish'al). Matrical. 
matriculation (mat-rik-u-la'shun) [L. matric'ula 
register]. Enrolment as a student in a college. 
matrix (ma'triks) [L.]. 1. The uterus, or womb. 
2. The groundwork in which anything is cast; 
a socket, as of a tooth; the intercellular sub- 
stance. hair-m., the epidermic root of the hair- 
follicle. nail-m., the proximal end of the nail- 
bed. 
matrixitis (ma-triks-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
nail-matrix. 
matroclinous (mat-ro-kli'nus) [Gr. paT-qp mother 
+ K\lvetv to incline]. Possessing characters in- 
herited from the mother. 
matter (mat'er). 1. Substance; anything that oc- 
cupies space. 2. Pus. gray m., gray nervous 
tissue composed chiefly of nerve-cells and myelin- 
ated nerve-fibers. Called also substantia grisea. 
white m., white nervous tissue composed chiefly 
of myelinated nerve-fibers. 
mattoid (mat'oid) [L. mat'tus drunken]. A person 
who, though perfectly sane, is mentally unbalanced 
in some way. 
mattress-suture (mat'res). See under suture. 
matura (mat-u'rah). An East Indian plant, Calli- 
car'pa inca'na: used in menorrhagia. 
maturation (mat-u-ra'shun) [L. matura'tio; matu'- 
rus ripe]. 1. The stage or process of becoming 
nature. In biology, a process of cell division dur- 
ing which the number of chromosomes in the germ 
cells is reduced to one-half the number character- 
istic of the species. 2. The formation of pus. 
mature (mat-ur') [L. matu'rus]. Ripe; fully de- 
veloped. 
Matut. Abbreviation for L. matuti'nus, in the morn- 
ing. 
matutinal (mat-u'tin-al) [L. matutina'lis]. Per- 
taining to or occurring in the morning. 
matzol (mat'zol). A proprietary preparation of 
matzoon and cod-liver oil. 
matzoon (mat-zun') [Armenian]. A drink, orig- 
inally prepared in Asia Minor, from fermented 
milk: used like koumiss. 
Mauchart's ligament (mow'sharts) [Burkhard 
David Mauchart, German anatomist, 1696-1751]. 
See ligament. 
Maul-und- Klauenseuche (mowl-oont-klow'en- 
soo'ke). Foot-and-mouth disease. 
Maumene's test (mom'naz') [Edme Jules Mau- 
mene, French chemist, born 1818]. See under tests. 
Maunoir's hydrocele (mo'nwarz) [Jean Pierre 
Maunoir, French surgeon, 1768-1861]. Cervical 
hydrocele. 
Mauriceau's lance (mo'ris-6z) [Francois Maur- 
iceau, French obstetrician, 1637-1709]. See under 
lance. 
Mauthner's sheath (mouth'nerz) [Ludwig Mauth- 
ner, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1840-1894]. See 
under sheath. 
mauvein (mo've-in). Anilin purple, a violet dye, 
C27H24N4. It is used as an indicator and has a 
Ph range of -0.1 to 2.9, being yellow at - 0.1 and 
crimson at 2.9. 
mavi (mah've) [Puerto Rico; from Carib mabi 
potato]. An intoxicating West Indian drink. 
maxilla (maks-il'ah), pl. maxil'la [L.]. A jaw-bone; 
especially the upper (superior maxilla), inferior 
m., the lower jaw-bone, or mandible. 
MAXILLA maxillary (mak'sil-a-re) [L. maxilla'ris]. Pertain- 
ing to a jaw or to a jaw-bone. 
maxillitis (mak-sil-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
maxillary gland or of the jaw. 
maxillodental (mak-sil"o-den'tal). Pertaining to 
the jaws and teeth. 
maxillofacial (mak-sil-o-fa'shal). Pertaining to 
the jaws and the face. 
maxillo jugal (mak-sil"o-ju'gal). Pertaining to the 
maxilla and the cheek. 
maxillolabial (mak-sil"o-la'be-al). Pertaining to 
the maxilla and the labium. 
maxillomandibular (mak-sil"o-man-dib'u-lar). 
Pertaining to the maxilla and the mandible. 
maxillopalatine (mak-sil"o-pal'at-in). Pertain- 
ing to the maxilla and the palate bone. 
maxillopharyngeal (mak-sil"o-far-in'je-al). Per- 
taining to the maxilla and the pharynx. 
maxilloturbinal (mak-sil"o-tur'bin-al). The in- 
ferior turbinated bone. 
maximal (mak'sim-al). The greatest possible, 
allowable, or appreciable; the reverse of minimal 
and of limited. 
maximum (mak'sim-um) [L. " greatest "]. 1. The 
greatest possible or actual effect or quantity. 2. 
The acme of a disease or process. 3. Largest; 
utmost. 4. Pirquet's term for the maximum 
amount of food which the organism can digest. 
May-apple (ma'ap-1). See Podophyllum. 
Maydl's operation (ma'delz) [Karl Maydl, 
Bohemian surgeon]. See under operation. 
mayer (ma'er). A unit of heat capacity; it is the 
capacity that is warmed one degree centigrade by 
one joule. It is abbreviated my. 
Mayer's fluid, reagent, solution (ma'erz) 
[Sigmund Mayer, German histologist, born 1842]. 
See fluid, reagent, solution. 
mayhem (ma'hem). See maim. 
mayidismus (ma-id-iz'mus). Same as pellagra. 
mayo (mah'yo). A catarrhal diarrhea of Caraccas. 
mayol (ma'yol). May's meat-preservative, a pro- 
prietary mixture of antiseptics. 
Mayo's operation, sign (ma'oz) [William James 
(born 1861) and Charles Horace (born 1865) Mayo, 
American surgeons]. See under operation and sign. 
Mayo-Robson's point, position (ma"o-rbb'- 
sonz) [A. W. Mayo-Robson, contemporary surgeon 
in London]. See point and position. 
maza (maz'ah) [Gr. pa^a. a barley cake]. Tee pla- 
centa. 
mazamorra (maz-am-o'rah). Ground-itch. See 
under itch. 
mazic (ma'zik). Relating to the placenta; placental, 
mazocacothesis (ma"zo-kak-oth'es-is) [Gr. pa^a 
placenta + kokos bad + beats placement]. Mal- 
position of the placenta. 
mazodynia (ma-zo-din'e-ah) [Gr. pa^bs breast + 
bbvwr) pain]. Pain in the breast. 
mazologist (ma-zol'o-jist). Same as mastologist. 
mazology (ma-zol'o-je) [Gr. pa^bs breast 4- Xbyos 
word]. Same as mastology. 
mazolysis (ma-zol'is-is) [Gr. pa^a placenta 4- \vais 
loosening]. Detachment of the placenta. 
mazomorria (ma-zo-mor'e-ah). Ground-itch. See 
under itch. 
mazopathia, mazopathy (maz-o-path'e-ah, maz- 
op'ath-e) [Gr. pa^a placenta 4- irados disease]. 
Any disease of the placenta. 
mazopexy (ma'zo-peks-e) [Gr. pa^os breast 4- 
-nfjlfls fixation]. Surgical fixation of a pendulous 
mamma. 
Mazzoni's corpuscle (mad-zo'nez) [Vittorio 
Mazzoni, contemporary Italian physician]. See 
corpuscle. 
MAXILLARY 
642 
M. B. Abbreviation for Medici'nce Baccalau'reus, 
Bachelor of Medicine. 
mbori. A disease of camels, probably a mild form 
of surra. 
mbundu (em-boon'doo). A West African ordeal 
poison. 
M. C. Abbreviation for Magis'ter Chirur'gice, Master 
of Surgery; also for medical corps. 
McArthur's method [Louis Linn McArthur, 
Chicago surgeon, born 1858]. See under method. 
McBurney's incision, point (mak-ber'nez) 
[Charles McBurney, New York, surgeon, 1845- 
1913]. See incision and point. 
McClintock's sign [Alfred Henry McClintock, 
Irish physician, 1822-1881]. See under sign. 
McDonald's solution (mak-don'aldz) [Ellice 
McDonald, New York gynecologist, born 1876]. 
See solution. 
McDowell's operation (mak-dow'elz) [Ephraim 
McDowell, American surgeon, 1771-1830]. See 
operation. 
McGraw's ligature (mak-grawz') [Theodore A. 
McGraw, surgeon in Detroit, Michigan]. See under 
ligature. 
McLean's formula (mak-lanz') [Franklin C. Mc- 
Lean, American physician, born 1888]. See for- 
mula. 
M. D. Abbreviation for Medici'nce Doc'lor, Doctor 
of Medicine. 
Md. Symbol for molybdenum. 
M. D. S. Abbreviation for Master of Dental Surgery. 
Me. A chemic symbol for methyl. 
meable (me'ab-1) [L. meab'ilis]. Susceptible of 
being passed through. 
meadow-saffron (med'o-). See Colchicum. 
mean (men). An average; a numerical value inter- 
mediate between two extremes. In statistical 
methods, the abscissa of the center of gravity of the 
variables or of the frequency polygon. 
measles (me'zelz) [L. morbil'li]. 1. A contagious 
eruptive fever with coryza and catarrhal symp- 
toms. The period of incubation is about two 
weeks, and the disease begins with fever, chills, 
conjunctivitis, severe coryza, and frequently 
bronchitis, causing cough and frontal headache. 
The eruption appears on the fourth day on the 
forehead, cheeks, and back of the neck, spreading 
thence over the body. It consists of small, dark- 
pink macules in crescentic groups, which fre- 
quently become confluent. After two or three 
days the eruption begins to fade, and is followed 
in one or two weeks by desquamation. The 
symptoms increase with the eruption and decrease 
with the disappearance of it, convalescence be- 
ginning in the second week. The disease is ex- 
tremely contagious and affects chiefly the young, 
one attack usually conferring immunity. Measles 
is prone to lead to complications, the chief of which 
are pneumonia, bronchitis, phthisis, and otitis 
media. See exanthemata, table of. 2. Cysticercal 
disease of domestic animals, bastard m., 
rubella, black m., a severe form in which the 
eruption is very dark and petechial, confluent 
m., measles in which the lesions of the eruption 
coalesce. German m. See rubella, hemor- 
rhagic m. Same as black m. pork m., a condi- 
tion in which pork is infected with the Cysticercus 
cellulo'sce. 
measly (me'zle). Containing cysticerci. 
meatal (me-a'tal). Pertaining to a meatus. 
meatome (me'at-6m). Same as meatotome. 
meatometer (me-at-om'et-er) [L. mea'tus passage 
4- me'trum measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing a meatus. 
meatorrhaphy (me-at-or'af-e) [L. mea'tus meatus 
+ Gr. pacpi) suture]. Suture of the cut end of the 
urethra to the glans penis after incision for en- 
larging the meatus. 
MEATORRHAPHY MEATOSCOPE 
643 
MEDIASTINOTOMY 
meatoscope (me-at'o-skop) [L. mea'tus meatus + 
Gr. (TKoireiv to examine]. A speculum for exam- 
ining the urinary meatus. • 
meatoscopy (me-at-os'ko-pe). The inspection of 
any meatus, especially the urinary meatus or the 
vesical orifice of a ureter, ureteral m., cysto- 
scopic inspection of the vesical orifice of a ureter. 
rneatotome (me-at'o-tbm). An instrument for 
performing meatotomy. 
meatotomy (me-at-ot'o-me) [L. mea'tus passage + 
Gr. Ttpveiv to cut]. The cutting of the urinary 
meatus in order to enlarge it. 
meatox (met'oks). A proprietary preparation of 
beef in powder form. 
meatus (me-a'tus), pl. mea'tus [L. for " passage "]. 
A passage or opening, m. acus'ticus [audito'- 
rius] exter'nus [B N A], the passage through the 
temporal bone from the base of the zygomatic 
process to the cavity of the tympanum; the ex- 
ternal auditory canal, m. acus'ticus exter'- 
nus cartilaginous, the cartilaginous portion of 
the preceding, m. acus'ticus [audito'rius] 
inter'nus [B N A], the passage in the petrous 
part of the temporal bone for the facial and audi- 
tory nerves and vessels, m. audito'rius, the 
passage of the ear in two parts (internal and ex- 
ternal meatus), fish-mouth m., a red, swollen, 
and everted condition of the urinary meatus seen 
in the first, stage of acute gonorrhea, m. na si 
commu'nis, the anterior space on either side of 
the nasal septum into which the three meatus 
open. m. na'si infe'rior, the inferior meatus of 
the nose. m. na'si me'dius, the middle meatus 
of the nose. m. na'si supe'rior, the superior 
meatus of the nose. m. nasopharyn'geus [B 
N A], that part of the nasal cavity that opens into 
the nasopharynx, m. of the nose, the three 
passages of the nostril (inferior, middle, and supe- 
rior meatus), m.-tube, a fetal structure contain- 
ing the tympanic bone, the tympanic bulla, and 
the cartilage lining the eustachian tube. m. 
urina'rius, the orificial part of the urethra (espe- 
cially used of the male urethra). 
Mecca balsam (mek'ah). See balsam. 
mechanic, mechanical (mek-an'ik, mek-an'ik-al) 
[Gr. pijxcunKos]. 1- Pertaining to or accomplished 
by mechanic or physical forces. 2. Performed 
by means of some artificial mechanism. 
mechanicotherapeutics, mechanicotherapy 
(mek-an"Ik-o-ther-ap-u'tiks, mek-an"ik-o-ther'- 
ap-e). Same as mechanotherapy. 
mechanics (mek-an'iks). The science of matter 
and force; statics and dynamics, animal m., 
that branch of physiology which studies the laws 
of motion in animal bodies. 
mechanism (mek'an-izm) [Gr. prjxavq machine]. 
1. A machine or machine-like structure. 2. The 
manner of combination of parts which subserve 
a common function. 3. The theory that the phe- 
nomena of life are based on the same physical and 
chemical laws which operate in the inorganic world; 
opposed to vitalism, oculogyric m., the series 
of nerve centers concerned in movements of the eye. 
outgoing m., the apparatus by which words are 
uttered or ideas expressed, as in speech, writing, or 
in the use of expressive gestures, somatic m., 
the structures and organs through which the 
somatic activities of the body are performed, 
splanchnic m., the structures and organs 
through which the visceral activities of the body 
are performed. 
mechanist (mek'an-ist). One who believes that 
all phenomena relating to life are based on physical 
and chemical properties only. 
mechanogram (mek'an-o-gram) [Gr. mechanism + 
Gr. ypappa mark]. An instrumental tracing repre- 
senting the mechanical movements of the muscles 
of some organ, as the stomach. 
mechanogymnastics (mek"an-o-jim-nas'tiks). 
Gymnastics carried out by means of mechanic 
apparatus, such as the Zander apparatus. 
mechanology (mek-an-ol'o-je) [Gr. prjxwfa machine 
+ X070S treatise]. The science of mechanics. 
mechanotherapy (mek"an-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. pr)x- 
avi) machine + Oepaireia treatment]. Treatment 
of disease by mechanic means, especially by 
massage and Swedish movements. 
meche (mash) [Fr.]. A surgical tent. 
mecism (me'sizm) [Gr. pijnos length]. Abnormal 
lengthening of a part. 
mecistocephalic, mecistocephalous (me-sis"- 
to-sef-al'ik, me-sis-to-sef'al-us) [Gr. priKiaros tall- 
est + Ke<pa\r) head] Having a cephalic index less 
than 71. 
Meckel's band, cavity, diverticulum, gang- 
lion (mek'elz) [Johann Friedrich Meckel, Ger- 
man anatomist, 1714-1777]. See band, cavity, 
diverticulum, ganglion. 
meckelectomy (mek-el-ek'to-me) [Meckel's gan- 
glion J- Gr. cktopt) excision]. Surgical removal 
of Meckel's ganglion. 
mecocephalic (me-ko-sef-al'ik) [Gr. length 
+ K&paMl head]. Same as dolichocephalic. 
mecometer (me-kom'et-er) [Gr. ^kos length + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the length of a fetus or an infant. 
meconarcein (mek-o-nar'se-in) [Gr. p-qituv poppy 
+ vapKi) stupor]. A preparation of the active 
alkaloids of opium other than morphin: sedative 
and narcotic. Dose, gr. (0.011-0.033 gm,). 
meconate (mek'on-at) [Gr. p^kwv poppy]. Any 
salt of meconic acid. 
meconic acid (me-kon'ik). See acid. 
meconidin (me-kon'id-in). An amorphous base, 
C21H23NO4, from opium. 
meconin (mek'on-in). A crystalline substance, 
CioHlo04, obtainable from narcotin: it is used as 
a hypnotic by subcutaneous injection in doses of 
1 gr. (0.06 gm.). 
meconiorrhea (me-ko-ne-or-e'ah) [meconium + Gr. 
peiv to flow]. Excessive discharge of meconium. 
meconism (mek'on-izm) [Gr. pijKuv poppy]. The 
opium-habit; opium-poisoning. 
meconium (me-ko'ne-um) [L.; Gr. ppnuvcov}. The 
fecal matter discharged by the new-born. It is a 
dark-green substance, consisting of mucus, bile, 
and epithelial threads. 
media (me'de-ah) [L. "middle"]. 1. The tunica 
media, or middle coat of an artery. 2. Plural of 
medium, culture- m., nutrient m., a variety 
of materials and combinations of materials used for 
the cultivation of microorganisms. See culture- 
medium. 
mediad (me'de-ad) [L. me^dia middle + ad toward]. 
Toward a median line or plane. 
medial (me'de-al) [L. media'lis]. Pertaining to 
the middle; in anatomy, nearer the median plane. 
median (me'de-an) [L. media'nus]. Situated in 
the middle; mesial. The perpendicular line which 
divides the area of a frequency curve intcGtwo 
equal halves. 
mediaometer (me-de-ah-om'et-er) [media + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for detecting and 
measuring refractive errors of the dioptric media. 
mediastinal (me"de-as-ti'nal) [L. mediastina'lis]. 
Of or pertaining to the mediastinum. 
mediastinitis (me"de-as-tin-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the mediastinum, indurative m. Same as 
mediastinopericarditis. 
mediastinopericarditis (me"de-as"tin-o-per"ik- 
ar-di'tis). Inflammation of the mediastinum and 
the pericardium. 
mediastinotomy (me"de-as-tin-ot'o-me) [mediasti- 
num + Gr. to pi] a cutting]. The operation of 
cutting into the mediastinum. When done from 
the front, it is anterior or cervical m., when from 
behind, posterior or dorsal m. MEDIASTINUM 
644 
MEDICUS 
mediastinum (me"de-as-ti'num) [L.]. A median 
septum or partition; especially the septum formed 
in the middle line by the approximation of the two 
reflected pleurae, which divides the chest into two 
pulmonary cavities. The two pleurae are not, 
however, in contact with each other at the middle 
line, but have a space between them, which con- 
tains all the chest viscera except the lungs. The 
mediastinum is divided into the anterior, mid- 
dle, and posterior. The anterior mediastinum is 
bounded in front by the sternum, and on each side 
by the pleura. It contains loose areolar tissue, 
lymphatic vessels, the remains of the thymus 
gland, the internal mammary vessels of the left 
side, and the origins of the sternohyoid, sterno- 
thyroid, and triangularis sterni muscles. The 
middle mediastinum contains the heart inclosed 
in its pericardium, the ascending aorta, the superior 
vena cava, the bifurcation of the trachea, the 
pulmonary arteries and veins, and the phrenic 
1 nerves. The posterior mediastinum is bounded 
behind by the vertebral column, in front by the 
, pericardium, and on each side by the pleura. It 
contains the descending aorta, the greater and lesser 
azygos veins, the superior intercostal vein, the 
thoracic duct, the esophagus, the pneumogastric 
nerves, and the great splanchnic nerves, m. 
cerebel'li. Same as falx cerebelli. m. cere'bri. 
Same as falx cerebri, superior m., that part 
of the mediastinum which extends from the man- 
ubrium to the vertebral column, m. tes'tis [B N 
A], the partial septum of the testicle; the corpus 
highmorianum. 
mediastinus (me"de-as-ti'nus) [L.]. An obsolete 
designation for an assistant physician or surgeon. 
mediate (me'de-at). Indirect; accomplished by 
the aid of a medium. 
mediators (me'de-a-tors). The cells or neural con- 
nections of the nervous system by which the re- 
ceptors and effectors are maintained in their proper 
relation. 
medic (med'ik) [L. med'ica medical]. Any plant 
of the genus Medica'go, including lucerne, none- 
such, shamrock, and others. 
medicable (med'ik-ab-1). Subject to treatment 
with reasonable expectation of cure. 
medical (med'ik-al). Pertaining to medicine or 
to the treatment of diseases. 
medicament (med'ik-am-ent) [L. medicamen'- 
lum]. A medicinal substance or agent. 
medicamentarius (med"ik-a-men-ta're-us). Latin 
for apothecary. 
medicamentosus (med"ik-am-en-to'sus) [L.]. Per- 
taining to or caused by a drug. 
medicated (med'ik-at-ed) [L. medica'tus]. In- 
bued with a medicinal substance. 
medication (med-ik-a'shun) [L. medica'tio], 1. 
Impregnation with a medicine. 2. The admin- 
istration of remedies, conservative m., treat- 
ment aimed to build up the vital powers 
of the patient, dialytic m., treatment by 
the internal use of artificial mineral waters, i. e., 
dilute aqueous solutions of salts, hypodermatic 
m., the introduction of remedial agents be- 
neath the skin, ionic m., the application of medi- 
cines by cataphoresis, the ions of the drugs passing 
from one pole of the battery to the other through 
the body, sublingual m., the administration of 
medicine in powdered form by placing it beneath 
the tongue, substitutive m., medication for the 
purpose of Causing an acute non-specific inflamma- 
tion to overcome a specific one. 
medicator (med'ik-a-tor). An instrument for carry- 
ing medicines into a cavity of the body; an applica- 
tor. 
medicephalic (me-de-sef-al'ik). Median cephalic. 
See vein. 
medicerebellar (me-de-ser-e-bel'ar). Middle cere- 
bellar. 
medicerebral (me-de-ser'e-bral). Middle cerebral, 
medicinal (med-is'in-al) [L. medicina'lis]. i. 
Having healing Qualities. 2. Pertaining to a 
medicine or to healing. 
medicine (med'is-in) [L. medici'na], 1. Any drug 
or remedy. 2. The art or science of healing dis- 
eases; especially the healing of diseases by the 
administration of internal remedies, clinical 
m., the study of disease at the bedside by dem- 
onstrations on the living patient, compound 
m., a medicine containing a mixture of several 
drugs, domestic m., the home treatment of 
disorders without the advice of a physician, 
dosimetric m., the practice of administer- 
ing medicines by an exact and determinate sys- 
tem of doses, forensic m., the application 
of medical knowledge to questions of law; medical 
jurisprudence. Called also legal m. galenic 
m., an absolute system of practice based upon the 
teachings of Galen, group m., the practice of 
medicine by a group of physicians who are asso- 
ciated together for the co-operative diagnosis and 
treatment of patients, hermetic m., spagiric 
medicine. Indian m., a North American 
form of quackery alleged to be derived from the 
aboriginals, internal m., that department of 
medicine which deals with diseases that cannot be 
treated surgically; medicine as distinguished from 
surgery, legal m. See forensic m. patent 
m., a medicine whose manufacture is protected by 
letters patent, preventive m., that branch of 
study and practice which aims at the prevention 
of disease, proprietary m., a remedy whose 
formula is private property, psychologic m., 
medicine in its relation to mental diseases, ra- 
tional m., practice of medicine based upon actual 
knowledge: opposed to empiricism, spagiric m., 
the obsolete, semi-alchemistic system of practice 
established by Paracelsus (1493-1541). state 
m. 1. That branch of medicine which deals with 
questions of public health, with registration, statis- 
tics, and the like. 2. The control and direction of 
the practice of medicine by the government. 
Static m., practice of medicine based upon the 
varying relations of administration of food, excre- 
tion, and body weight, suggestive m., treat- 
ment of disease by hypnotic suggestion, veter- 
inary m., the treatment of the diseases of animals. 
medicinerea (med"is-in-e/re-ah) [L. me'dius mid- 
dle + cine'rea ashen]. The gray matter of the 
lenticula and the claustrum. 
medicisterna (med-e-sis-ter'nah). The cisterna 
venae magnae cerebri. 
medicochirurgic (med"ik-o-ki-rur'jik). Pertain- 
ing to medicine and surgery. 
medicodental (med"ik-o-den'tal). Pertaining to 
medicine and dentistry; both medical and dental. 
medicolegal (med"ik-o-le'gal). Pertaining to 
medicine and law, or to forensic medicine. 
medicomechanic, medicomechanical (med"- 
ik-o-me-kan'ik, med"ik-o-me-kan'ik-al). Both ther- 
apeutic and mechanic. 
medicommissure, mediocommissure (me"- 
de-kom'is-ur, me"de-o-kom'is-ur). The middle 
commissure, or commissura media. 
medicophysical (med"ik-o-fiz'ik-al). Both medi- 
cal and physical. 
medicopsychologic (med"ik-o-si-ko-loj'ik). Per- 
taining to medicopsychology. 
medicopsychology (med"ik-o-si-kol'o-je). The 
science of medicine in its relations with the mind 
or with mental diseases. 
medicornu (me-di-kor'nu). The middle horn of 
the lateral ventricle. 
medicotopographic (med"ik-o-to-pog-raf'ik). 
Pertaining to topography in its relation to disease, 
medicozoblogic (med"ik-o-zo-o-loj/ik). Pertaining 
to zoology in its relation to medicine. 
medicus (med'ik-us). Latin for physician. medidural (me-di-du'ral). Pertaining to the central 
part of the dura mater. 
medifrontal (me-dif-ron'tal). Median and also 
frontal; pertaining to the middle of the forehead. 
mediglycin (med-ig-li'sin). A liquid glycerin soap 
used as a vehicle for remedies in skin diseases. 
Medina worm (med-e'nah). See Filaria medi- 
nensis. 
medinal (med'in-al). The monosodium salt of 
diethylbarbituric acid. It is used as a hypnotic, 
like veronal, but is said to be much more soluble. 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.). It is also used sub- 
cutaneously and per rectum. 
mediocarpal (me"de-o-kar'pal). Same as mid- 
carpal. 
medioccipital (me"de-ok-sip'it-al). Midoccipital. 
mediolateral (me"de-o-lat'er-al) [L. me'dius mid- 
dle + later a'lis lateral]. Pertaining to the mid- 
dle and to one side. 
mediopontine (me"de-o-pon'tin) [L. me'dius 
middle + pons bridge]. Pertaining to the center 
of the pons. 
mediotarsal (me"de-o-tar'sal) [L. me'dius middle 
4- tarsus]. Pertaining to the middle of the tarsus. 
medipeduncle (me-de-pe'dunk-el). The middle 
peduncle of the cerebellum. See brachium pontis. 
mediscalenus (me-de-skal-e'nus). The scalenus 
medius muscle. 
medisect (med'is-ekt) [L. me'dius middle 4- seca're 
to cut]. To divide or dissect medially. 
medisylvian (me-dis-il've-an). Pertaining to the 
middle portion of the fissure of Sylvius. 
meditemporal (me-dit-em'po-ral). Pertaining to 
the middle portion of the temporal lobe of the 
brain. 
Mediterranean fever (med-it-er-a'ne-an). See 
fever. 
meditrina (med-it-ri'nah). A proprietary germi- 
cide for use in leukorrhea, etc. 
meditul'lium profun'dum [L. "deep midland"]. 
A portion of the tectum of the midbrain, the col- 
liculus inferior. 
medium (me'de-um), pl. me'dia [L. " middle "]. 
1. Means. 2. A substance which transmits im- 
pulses. 3. A substance used in the culture of 
bacteria. Called also culture-m. Abe's m. (for 
gonococci), mix 500 gm. of fat-free meat, finely 
hashed, with icoo c.c. of water. Allow to stand in 
ice-chest for from eighteen to twenty-five hours, 
then filter through paper and a Chamberland filter 
into sterile containers: for use it is mixed with 
fluid or solid peptone media in the proportion 
of 1 to 5. Besredka and Jufille's m., a culture- 
medium containing incoagulable egg albumin, in- 
coagulable egg yolk, and beef broth in the propor- 
tion of 4 : 1 : 5. Bruns' glucose m., a medium 
for mounting fresh tissue specimens: made by mix- 
ing distilled water, 140 c.c., glucose, 40 gm., and 
glycerin, 10 c.c., then adding camphorated spirit, 
10 c.c., and filtering, clearing m., a medium for 
rendering histologic specimens transparent. Dieu- 
donne's m., a culture-medium composed of 30 
parts of ox-blood, 30 of potassium hydroxid, and 
140 of cholera agar, disperse, dispersive, or 
dispersion m. Same as disperse phase. See 
phase. Drigalski-Conradi m., a culture-me- 
dium made by adding nutrose and crystal violet 
to lactose litmus agar, using 3 per cent, of agar. 
The crystal violet inhibits the growth of many 
bacteria other than the typhoid bacillus. It is 
used in detecting typhoid bacilli in the blood. 
Called also Conradi's m. Elsner's m., a culture- 
medium made by adding a sterilized potassium 
iodid solution of 10 per cent, strength to Holz's 
potato-gelatin, m. of Endo, a culture-medium 
for typhoid bacilli: to 1 liter of water are added 
500 gm. of ground beef, 10 gm. of peptone, 5 gm. 
of sodium chlorid, and 30 gm. of agar. The mix- 
ture is boiled, filtered, neutralized, and then made 
MEDIDURAL 
645 
alkaline by io c.c. of a io per cent, solution of 
sodium carbonate, then io gm. of pure lactose are 
added, then 5 c.c. of alcoholic solution of fuchsin, 
then 25 c.c. of 10 per cent, solution of sodium sul- 
phite. esculin m., a medium for the isolation of 
the colon bacillus, containing esculin and iron 
citrate, in which the colon bacillus produces a black 
colony. Holz's m., potato-gelatin. Loftier's 
m., a culture-medium for diphtheria bacillus, con- 
taining 1 part bouillon, 3 parts blood-serum, and 1 
per cent, of glucose. N. N. N. m., a culture- 
medium for Leishmania donovani, consisting of agar 
14, salt 6, water 900, which is sterilized and then 
has added to it one-third rabbit's blood, passive 
m., a medium which does not alter the structure of 
tissues that are placed in it. Piorkowski's m., 
a medium consisting of 100 parts of urine that has 
undergone ammoniacal fermentation, 0.5 part of 
peptone, and 3.3 parts of gelatin. Vedder's m., 
a culture-medium consisting of beef infusion agar 
to which 1 per cent, of starch has been added. 
Wickersheimer's m. See under fluid. 
medol (me'dol). A creolin liniment used for skin 
diseases and in veterinary practice. 
medorrhea (med-o-re'ah) [Gr. penis + 
poia flow], A urethral discharge. 
medorrhinum (med-o-ri'num) [Gr. pf/5os penis 4- 
poia flow]. A homeopathic trituration of the gon- 
orrheal secretion: used in gonorrhea and chronic 
rheumatism. 
medulla (med-ul'ah) [L.]. 1. Marrow. 2. The 
medulla oblongata. 3. Any substance resembling 
marrow in appearance or structure, m. dorsa'- 
lis, the spinal cord. m. neph'rica, the pyramids 
of the kidney collectively, m. oblonga ta [B N 
A], an organ or ganglion of the brain which con- 
nects the spinal cord with the pons. m. os'sium 
[B N A], the bone-marrow, m. os'sium fla'va, 
yellow bone-marrow, m. os'sium ru'brum, red 
bone-marrow, m. spina lis [B N A], the spinal 
cord or myelon. 
medulladen (med-ul-a'den) [L. medul'la marrow 
4- Gr. abqv gland]. A red-brown powder pre- 
pared from red bone-marrow of cattle. It is a 
hematinic, and is used in anemia, leukemia, neu- 
rasthenia, and gout. Dose, 30-45 gr. (2-3 gm.). 
medullar, medullary (med-ul'ar, med'ul-a-re) 
[L. medulla'ris]. Pertaining to the marrow or to 
any medulla; resembling marrow. 
medullated (med'u-la-ted). Containing or coveted 
by a medullary substance, m. nerve-fiber. See 
medullatcd fiber under fiber. 
medullation (med-u-la'shun). The formation of a 
medulla or marrow. 
medulline (med-ul'in). A proprietary extract of 
the spinal cord of the ox: used in nervous and 
spinal diseases. 
medullispinal (med-ul-is-pi'nal) [L. medul'la mar- 
row + spina'lis spinal]. Pertaining to the spinal 
cord. 
medullitis (med-ul-i'tis). 1. Osteomyelitis. 2. 
Myelitis. 
medullization (med-ul-iz-a'shun). The enlarge- 
ment of the haversian canals in rarefying oste- 
itis, followed by their conversion into marrow- 
channels; also the replacement of bone by mar- 
row-cells. 
medullo-arthritis (me-dul"o-ar-thri'tis) [L. med- 
ul'la marrow + arthritis]. Inflammation of the 
marrow-spaces of the articular extremities of 
bones. 
medullocell (me-dul'o-sel) [L. medul'la marrow 
4- cell]. Same as myelocyte. 
Medusa (me-du'sah). A genus of motile micro- 
organisms. One species, M. san'guinis hom'inis, 
occurs in the blood in a form of remittent fever 
in China. 
mega-, megalo- [Gr. peyas large]. A prefix sig- 
nifying great. 
MEGA- megabacterium (meg"ah-bak-te're-um) [Gr. peyas 
large + bacterium]. A bacterium of large size. 
megacaryocyte, megakaryocyte (meg-ak-ar'e-o- 
sit). See megakaryocyte. 
megacecum (meg-ah-se'kurn) [Gr. gey as large + 
cecum], A cecum which is abnormally large. 
megacephalic, megacephalous (meg"ah-sef-al'- 
ik, meg-ah-sef'al-us) [Gr. peyas large + KecpaW) 
head]. Having a large head. 
megacephaly (meg-ah-sef'al-e). Abnormal large- 
ness of the head. 
megacoccus (meg-ah-kok'us) [Gr. peyas large + 
kokkos berry]. A coccus of a very large type. 
megacolon (meg-ak-o'lon). Same as giant-colon. 
Abnormally large size of the colon, due to dilatation 
and hypertrophy. The condition is usually one of 
childhood. Called also giant colon, congenital 
idiopathic dilatation of colon, and Hirschsprung's 
disease, m. congen'itum, congenital dilatation 
of the colon. 
megacoly (meg-ak'o-le). Increase in the caliber 
of the colon. 
megadont (meg'ad-ont) [Gr. peyas large 4- bbovs 
tooth]. Having large teeth. 
megaduodenum (meg-ah-du-o-de'num). Abnor- 
mally large size of the duodenum. 
megadyne (meg'ad-in) [Gr. peyas great 4- dyne], A 
million dynes. 
megagamete (meg-ag-am'et). Same as macro- 
gamete. 
megakaryocyte (meg-ah-kar'e-o-sit) [Gr. peyas 
large 4" Kapvov nucleus 4- kvtos cell]. A cell with 
a large nucleus, as the giant-cells of bone-marrow. 
megalakria (meg-al-ak're-ah) [Gr. peyas large 4- 
aKpos extremity]. Acromegaly. 
megalerythema (meg-al-er-ith-e'mah). Erythema 
with swelling of the part. 
megalgia (meg-al'je-ah) [Gr. peyas large 4- aXyos 
pain]. Severe pain, as in muscular rheumatism. 
megaloblast (meg'al-o-blast) [Gr. peyas large 4- 
fiXaorbs germ]. An erythroblast or primitive red 
blood-corpuscle in its earliest stage, consisting of 
a homogeneous cytoplasm with a relatively large 
nucleus with granular chromatin. They have been 
called ichthyoid cells, because they are just like the 
red blood-cells of fishes. Cf. erythroblast and 
normoblast. 
megalocardia (meg-al-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. peyas 
large 4- Kapbta heart]. Hypertrophy of the heart. 
megalocephalia, megalocephaly (meg"al-o-sef- 
a'le-ah, meg"al-o-sef'al-e) [Gr. peyas large 4- 
Ke<pa\b head]. 1. Unusually large size of the 
head. 2. Progressive enlargement of the bones 
of the head, face, and neck; leontiasis ossea. 
megalocephalic (meg"al-o-sef-al'ik). Same as 
megacephalic. 
megalocoly (meg-al-ok'o-le). Same as megacoly. 
megalocornea (meg"al-o-kor'ne-ah) [Gr. peyas 
large 4- cornea], An enlarged or bulging cornea. 
megalocyte (meg'al-o-slt) [Gr. peyas large 4- kvtos 
cell]. Same as megaloblast and macrocyte. 
megalocytosis (meg"al-o-si-to'sis). Same as mac- 
rocytosis. 
megalodactylia, megalodactylism (meg"al-o- 
dak-til'e-ah, meg"al-o-dak'til-izm). Abnormal 
largeness of fingers or toes. 
megalodactylous (meg"al-o-dak'til-us) [Gr. peyas 
great 4- baKrvXos digit]. Having unusually large 
fingers and toes. 
megalodontia (meg"al-o-don'she-ah). Macro- 
dontia. 
megalo-enteron (meg"al-o-en'ter-on) [Gr. peyas 
large 4- evrepov intestine]. An abnormally large 
intestine; enteromegaly. 
megalogastria (meg"al-o-gas'tre-ah) [Gr. peyas 
MEGABACTERIUM 
646 
great + yaoriip stomach]. Enlargement or ab- 
normally large size of the stomach. 
megaloglossia (meg"al-o-glos'e-ah) [Gr. peyas 
large + y\&v<ra tongue]. See macroglossia. 
megalohepatia (meg"al-o-hep-at'e-ah) [Gr. peyas 
large + f/^ap liver]. Enlargement of the liver. 
megalokaryocyte (meg"al-o-kar'e-o-sit) [Gr. 
peyas large + Kapvov nucleus + kvtos cell]. The 
giant-cells of the bone-marrow, having a large 
lobulated nucleus (Howell). 
megalomania (meg"al-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. peyas 
great + pavia madness]. Delirium of grandeur; 
insane belief in one's own extreme greatness, 
goodness, or power. 
megalomaniac (meg"al-o-ma'ne-ak). A person 
affected with megalomania. 
megalomelia (meg"al-o-me'le-ah) [Gr. peyas large 
+ peXos limb]. Abnormal largeness of the limbs. 
megalonychosis (meg"al-o-nik-o'sis) [Gr. peyas 
great + bvv^ nail]. Hypertrophy of the nails 
and their matrices. 
megalopenis (meg"al-o-pe'nis). Excessive size 
of the penis. 
megalophthalmus (meg-al-of-thal'mus) [Gr. peyas 
large + ocpOaXpbs eye]. Abnormally large size 
of the eyes. 
megalopia (meg-al-o'pe-ah) [Gr. peyas great + 
eye]. Macropsia. 
megaloplastocyte (meg"al-o-plas'to-sit) [Gr. pe- 
yas great + plastocyte]. A blood-platelet larger 
than normal. 
megalopsia (meg-al-op'se-ah) [Gr. peyas great + 
o^is vision]. Same as macropsia. 
megaloscope (meg'al-o-skop) [Gr. peyas large 4* 
ffKoirecv to view]. A large magnifying lens; a 
magnifying speculum or mirror. 
megalosplenia (meg"al-o-sple'ne-ah) [Gr. peyas 
large + airXrjv spleen]. Enlargement of the spleen. 
Megalosporon (meg-al-os'po-ron), pl. megalos'pora 
[Gr. peyas great + crirbpos seed]. The large-spored 
division of the trichophyton fungi. M. ec'to- 
thrix, the form found outside or on the surface 
of the.hair shaft. M. en'dothrix, the form found 
inside of the hair shaft. 
megalosyndactyly (meg"al-o-sin-dak'til-e) [Gr. 
peyas great 4- syndactylia], A condition in which 
the digits are very large and more or less blended 
together. 
megamerozoite (meg-am-er-o-zo'it). A large 
merozoite. 
meganucleus (meg-an-u'kle-us). Same as macro- 
nucleus. 
megaprosopous (meg-ah-pros-o'pus) [Gr. peyas 
great + irpoaoirov face]. Having a large face. 
megarectosigmoid (meg"ah-rek"to-sig'moid). 
Enormous dilatation of the rectum and sigmoid. 
megarectum (meg-ah-rek'tum) [Gr. peyas large + 
rectum]. A greatly dilated rectum. 
megaseme (meg'as-em) [Gr. peyas great + arjpa 
sign]. Having an orbital index exceeding 89°. 
megasigmoid (meg-ah-sig'moid) [Gr. peyas large 
+ sigmoid]. An enormously dilated sigmoid 
flexure. 
megasoma (meg-as-o'mah) [Gr. peyas great + 
a co pa body]. Great size and stature, not amounting 
to gigantism. 
megaspore (meg'as-por). A macrospore. 
Megastoma (meg-as'to-mah) [Gr. peyas great + 
aTopa mouth]. See Giardia intestinalis. 
megastria (meg-as'tre-ah). See megalogastria. 
megavolt (meg'ah-volt) [Gr. peyas large + volt]. 
A million volts. 
Meglin's point (ma-glaz') [J. A. Meglin, French 
physician, 1756-1824]. See point. 
megohm (meg'om) [Gr. peyas great + ohm]. 
A million ohms. 
MEGOHM MEGOPHTHALMUS 
647 
MELANOPHORE 
megophthalmus (meg-of-thal'mus) [Gr. peyas 
great + btpdaXpbs eye]. See buphthalmia. 
megoxycyte (meg-oks'e-sit) [Gr. peyas large + 
oxyphil + Gr. kotos cell]. A large oxyphil cell; a 
coarsely granular eosinophil leukocyte. 
megoxyphil (meg-ok'se-fil) [Gr. peyas great + 
d^us acid + <pi\eiv to love]. An eosinophil leuko- 
cyte containing large granules. 
megrim (me'grim). See migraine. 
meibomian (mi-bo'me-an) Named for or described 
by Heinrich Meibom, German anatomist, 1638- 
1700. See under gland and cyst. 
Meige's disease (mehghz) [Henri Meige, French 
physician, born 1866]. See disease. 
Meigs' capillaries (megz) [Arthur V. Meigs, 
Philadelphia physician, 1850-1912]. See capil- 
lary. 
meio-. For words thus beginning, see under mio-. 
Meissner's corpuscles, plexus, etc. (mls'nerz) 
[Georg Meissner, German physiologist, 1829-1903]. 
See corpuscle, plexus, etc. 
mekonal (me'ko-nal). A preparation containing 
aspirin, veronal, and morphin muriate: used as a 
hypnotic. 
mel (mel) [L.]. 1. Honey; a saccharine substance 
deposited by the honey-bee, A'pis mellifica. 
Clarified honey is chiefly a mixture of levulose 
and glucose: it is used as a food, as an excipient, 
and as an application to aphthae. 2. A compound 
of honey with some medicinal agent, m. bo'- 
racis, the honey of borax: used mainly.in aphthous 
affections of the mouth, m. depura'tum, m. 
despuma'tum, clarified honey, m. ro'sse, 
honey of rose. 
melachol (mel'ak-ol). A proprietary solution of 
sodium citrophosphate. It is a laxative for use 
in liver diseases, and also has anodyne properties. 
melaena (mel-e'nah). See melena. 
melagra (mel-ag'rah) [Gr. peXos limb + ay pa 
seizure]. Muscular pain in the extremities. 
melalgia (mel-al'je-ah) [Gr. peXos limb + a\yos 
pain]. Neuralgic pain in the limbs. 
rnelan (mel'an). A brown, oily preparation from 
the leaves, flowers, and stems of Melilo'tus cceru'- 
leus: used as a stimulant for wounds and ulcers. 
melancholia (mel-an-ko'le-ah) [Gr. peXas black + 
X0X77 bile]. A form of insanity marked by a de- 
pressed and painful emotional state with abnormal 
inhibition of mental and bodily activity, acute 
m., an acute form of melancholia marked, in addi- 
tion to the usual symptoms, by loss of appetite, 
emaciation, insomnia, and subnormal temperature, 
agitatedm., m. agita'ta, melancholia with con- 
stant motion and signs of great emotional excite- 
ment. m. atton'ita, a form in which the patient 
lies motionless and silent, m. with delirium, a 
form in which there are distressing delusions and 
hallucinations, flatuous m., that which is char- 
acterized by gases in the alimentary canal, m. hy- 
pochondri'aca, extreme hypochondriasis, invo- 
lution m., melancholia developing in advanced 
life during senile involution, recurrent m., a 
condition in which attacks of melancholia follow 
one another at more or less regular intervals, m. 
religio'sa, the delusion of one's own personal 
damnation, m. simplex, a mild form with 
neither delusions nor great excitement. stu- 
porous m., melancholia attonita: a form in 
which the patient lies motionless and silent, 
with fixed eyes and indifference to surrroundings; 
there are sometimes hallucinations. 
melancholiac (mel-an-ko'le-ak). Affected with 
melancholia; also a person affected with melan- 
cholia. 
melanedema (mel-an-e-de'mah) [Gr. peXas black 
+ oi8i]pa swelling]. See anthracosis. 
melanemia (mel-an-e'me-ah) [Gr. peXas black + 
alpa. blood]. The presence of black, pigmentary 
masses in the blood; hemachromatosis. The con- 
dition is seen chiefly in pernicious anemia. 
melanephidrosis (mel"an-ef-id-ro'sis) [Gr. peXas 
black. + e<pl5pcoacs excessive sweating]. The dis- 
charge of black sweat. 
melangeur (ma-lan-zher'). An instrument for 
drawing and diluting specimens of blood for ex- 
amination. It consists of a capillary tube, one 
end of which is blown into a bulb having a capacity 
of 100 c.mm. 
melanidrosis (mel"an-id-ro'sis) [Gr. ju^Xas black 
+ ISpws sweat]. Black sweat. 
melaniferous (mel-an-ifer-us) [melanin + L. 
fer're to bear]. Containing melanin or other black 
pigment. 
melanin (mel'an-in) [Gr. peXas black], A dark 
pigment from the choroid, hair, and other dark 
tissues, and from melanotic tumors. It is a prod- 
uct of cell activity, contains sulphur and iron, 
and is probably a derivative of hematin, arti- 
ficial m., factitious m., a compound resem- 
bling melanin, formed when a protein is heated in 
strong hydrochloric acid. Called also melanoid. 
melanism (mel'an-izm) [Gr. peXas black]. Exces- 
sive pigmentation or blackening of the integu- 
ments or tissues; melanosis. 
melanistic (mel-an-is'tik). Characterized by mel- 
anism. 
melano- [Gr. /zeXas black]. A prefix signifying 
black. 
melanoblast (mel'an-o-blast) [Gr. peXas black + 
/SXaaros germ]. An epithelial cell which generates 
pigment. 
melanoblastoma (mel"an-o-blas-to'mah). A 
tumor made up of melanoblasts. 
melanocancroid (mel"an-o-kang/kroid). A 
strongly pigmented epithelial tumor. 
melanocarcinoma (mel"an-o-kar-sin-o'mah) [Gr. 
peXas black + carcinoma]. A carcinoma pig- 
mented with melanin. 
melanochomous (mel-an-ok'o-mus) [Gr. pieXas 
black -f- Kopr] hair]. Having black hair. 
melanochroous, melanochrous (mel-an-ok'ro- 
us, -ok'rus) [Gr. peXas black + xpwa color]. Hav- 
ing a dark complexion. 
melanocyte (mel'an-o-sit) [Gr. peXas black + kvtos 
cell]. A cell like a leukocyte, but pigmented. 
melanoderma (mel"an-o-der/mah) [Gr. peXas black 
+ Seppa skin]. An abnormal deposit of melanin 
in the skin. m. cachectico'rum, a form seen in 
certain systemic disorders, as malarial fever, syph- 
ilis, cancer, tuberculosis, etc. parasitic m., 
vagabonds'disease. See disease, senile m., pig- 
mentation of the skin in the aged. 
melanodermic (mel//an-o-der'mik). Having a 
dark skin. 
melanogen (mel-an'o-jen) [melanin + Gr. 7ewai' 
to produce]. A colorless chromogen of the urine, 
convertible into melanin. 
melanoglossia (mel"an-o-glos'e-ah) [Gr. peXas 
black + yX&vaa tongue]. Black tongue. See 
glossophytia. 
melanoid (mel'an-oid) [Gr. peXas black + ethos 
form], i. Resembling melanism; of a dark color. 
2. Artificial melanin. See melanin. 
melanoidin (mel-an-oi'din). A melanin obtained 
from the albumins. 
Melanoles'tes pic'ipes. The "black corsair" or 
"kissing bug"; its bite much resembles the sting of 
a wasp, though often much more serious. 
melanoma (mel-an-o'mah). A melanotic tumor. 
melanonychia (mel"an-o-nik'e-ah) [Gr. peXas 
black + owl; nail]. Blackening of the nail. 
melanopathy (mel-an-op'ath-e) [Gr. ptXas black + 
iraOos illness]. Any disease characterized by ab- 
normal pigmentation of the skin or tissues. 
melanophore (mel'an-o-for) [Gr. pe\as black + 
ipopbs bearing]. A pigment-carrying cell. melanoplakia (mel"an-o-pla'ke-ah) [Gr. peXas 
black 4- 7rXa£ plate]. The formation of pigmented 
patches on the mucous membrane of the mouth in 
certain diseases, as stomatitis, jaundice, etc. 
melanorrhagia (mel"an-o-ra'je-ah) [Gr. peXas 
black + poyvwai to burst forth]. The free and 
frequent discharge of feces darkened with blood- 
pigments. 
melanorrhea (mel"an-or-e'ah) [Gr. peXas black + 
pola flow]. Same as melanorrhagia. 
melanosarcoma (mer'an-o-sar-ko'mah) [Gr. peXas 
black + sarcoma]. Sarcoma with pigmentary 
elements. 
melanosarcomatosis (mel"an-o-sar-ko-mah-to'- 
sis). The development of melanosarcomata. 
melanoscirrhus (mel"an-o-skir'us) [Gr. peXas 
black 4- scirrhus]. Same as melanocarcinoma. 
melanosed (mel'an-bsd). Affected with melanosis, 
melanosis (mel-an-o'sis) [Gr. peXas black]. 1. 
Melanism; a condition characterized by abnormal 
pigmentary deposits. 2. Disorder of function 
caused by a pigment, m. lenticula'ris pro- 
gressi'va, xeroderma pigmentosum, m. scle'- 
rae, congenital violet flecks in the sclera (Schmidt- 
Rimpler). 
melanosity (mel-an-os'it-e). Swarthiness of com- 
plexion. 
melanotic (mel-an-ot'ik). Affected with or of the 
nature of melanosis. 
melanous (mel'an-us) [Gr. peXas black]. Having 
a dark or swarthy complexion. 
melanthin (mel-an'thin). An amorphous and 
poisonous glucosid, or saponin, C20H33O7, from the 
seeds of Nigel'la sati'va. 
melanuresis (mel"an-u-re'sis). Same as mela- 
nuria. 
melanuria (mel-an-u're-ah) [Gr. peXas black 4- 
ovpov urine]. The discharge of darkly stained 
urine. 
melanuric (mel-an-u'rik). Pertaining to or marked 
by melanuria. 
melanurin (mel-an-u'rin). A black substance 
from morbid urine in certain rare cases. 
melasma (mel-az'mah) [Gr. peXas black]. A dis- 
ease characterized by dark pigmentation of the 
skin. m. addiso'nii, Addison's disease, m. 
gravida'rum, discoloration of the skin in 
pregnant women, m. suprarenale, Addison's 
disease. See under disease, m. universale, 
discoloration of nearly the entire surface of the 
body. 
melena, melsena (mel-e'nah) [Gr. peXaiva black, 
black bile]. 1. The passage of dark, pitchy, and 
grumous stools stained with blood-pigments or 
with altered blood. 2. Black vomit, m. neo- 
nato'rum, melena of the new-born, due to the 
extravasation of blood into the alimentary canal, 
m. spu'ria, melena in nurslings in which the 
blood comes from the fissured nipple of the nurse, 
m. ve'ra, true melena. 
melenemesis (mel-e-nem'es-is) [Gr. peXas black 
4- epea is vomiting]. Black vomit. 
melenic (mel-e'nik). Pertaining to or marked 
by melena. 
melezitose (mel-ez'it-os). A sugar from larch 
manna, C18H32O184-2H2O. 
melibiose (mel-ib-i'os). A disaccharid obtained 
from molasses and from Australian manna. On 
hydrolysis it yields galactose and dextrose. 
melicera, meliceris (mel-is-e'rah, mel-is-e'ris) 
[Gr. peXi honey 4- tempos wax]. 1. A cyst filled 
with a honey-like substance. 2. Viscid, syrupy 
sweat. 
meligrin (mel'ig-rin). A condensation-product of 
dimethyloxyquinin and methylphenylacetamid: 
used in migraine. 
melilot (mel'il-ot). See melilotus. 
MELANOPLAKIA 
648 
Melilotus (mel-il-o'tus) [Gr. ^eXi honey + Xwr6s 
lotus]. A genus of leguminous herbs. M. officina'- 
lis (sweet clover, melilot) contains coumarin, 
coumaric acid, and melilotic acid. It is a fragrant 
and very mild anodyne, used in plaster or ointment, 
but is little employed at present. 
Melissa (mel-is'ah) [L. "bee"]. A genus of labiate 
plants. The tops and leaves of M. officina'lis, 
lemon-balm, containing tannin and an essential oil, 
are a cooling stimulant and diaphoretic. Dose of 
compound spirit (spir'itus metis's<z compos'itus), 
j fhoz. (15 c.c.). 
melissophobia (mel-is-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. jueXfaaa 
bee + tpbfios fear]. An.insane dread of bees and 
wasps. 
melitagra (mel-it-ag'rah, mel-it'ag-rah) [Gr. peXi 
honey + ay pa seizure]. Eczema with honeycomb 
crusts. 
melitemia (mel-it-e'me-ah) [Gr. peXi honey 4- al pa 
blood]. An excess of sugar in the blood. 
melitis (me-li'tis) [Gr. pfjXov cheek 4* -iris inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the cheek. 
melitococcosis (mel"it-o-kok-o'sis). Malta fever, 
melitococcus (mel-it-o-kok'us). Bacterium {Mi- 
cro coccus') melitensis. 
melitoptyalism (mel"it-o-ti'al-izm) [Gr. peXi honey 
+ irrvaXov saliva]. The secretion of saliva con- 
taining glucose. 
melitoptyalon (mel"it-o-ti'al-on) Glucose occur- 
ring in the saliva. 
melitose (mel'it-os) [Gr. /zeXi honey]. A crystal- 
line sugar from Australian manna, sugar-beets, 
and other sources. It is a trisaccharid, CisH^Ois 4~ 
5H2O. Called also raffinose and melitriose. 
melituria (mel-it-u're-ah) [Gr. peXi honey + ovpov 
urine]. The presence of any sugar in the urine; 
diabetes mellitus. m. inosi'ta, inosituria. 
melituric (mel-it-u'rik). Pertaining to or affected 
with melituria. 
melizitose (mel-iz-i'tos). A trisaccharid, C18H32O16, 
obtained from Pinus larix. On hydrolysis it yields 
levulose, dextrose, and galactose. 
mellite (mel'it) [L. melli'tum]. Any medicated or 
pharmaceutic preparation of honey. 
mellithemia, mellithuria. See melitemia, meli- 
turia. 
melmaroba (mel-mar-o'bah). A liquid preparation 
of manaca, stillingia, caroba, and potassium iodid: 
for use in syphilis, rheumatism, and skin diseases. 
Dose, 1-2 fl.dr. (3.75-7.5 c.c.). 
melol (mel'ol). A proprietary castor-oil mixture. 
melomania (mel-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. peXos song + 
pavia madness]. Insane fondness for music. 
melomaniac (mel-o-ma'ne-ak). A person affected 
with melomania. 
melomelus (mel-om'el-us) [Gr. peXos limb + peXos 
limb]. A monster-fetus with both normal and 
supernumerary limbs, the latter rudimentary. 
meloncus (mel-ong'kus) [Gr. prjXov cheek + byKos 
tumor]. Tumor of the cheek. 
melonemetin, melonenemetin (mel-on-em'et- 
in, mel"on-en-em'et-in). A bitter emetic and pur- 
gative substance from the root of muskmelon, 
Cucu'mis me'lo. Dose, j-2 gr. (0.033-0.13 gm.). 
melonoplasty (me-lon'o-plas-te). Same as melo- 
plasty, 1st def. 
melon-seed bodies (mel'un-sed). See body. 
Melophagus (mel-of'ag-us). A genus of parasitic 
dipterous insects of the family Hippoboscidae. 
M. ovi'nus, the common sheep tick. 
meloplasty (mel'o-plas-te) 1. [Gr. pfjXov cheek 4- 
TrXaaaecv to form.] Plastic surgery of the cheek. 
2. [Gr. peXos limb + irXaaaeiv to form.] Plastic 
surgery of the extremities. 
melosalgia (mel-o-sal'je-ah) [Gr. peXos limb + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the lower limbs. 
melting-point (mel'ting). The temperature at 
which a substance changes from solid to liquid. 
MELTING-POINT MELTZER'S LAW 
649 
MEMBRANE 
Meltzer's law, method (melt'serz) [Samuel J. 
Meltzer, American physiologist, 1851-1920]. See 
law and method. 
Meltzer-Lyon method or test. See under tests. 
melubrin (mel-u'brin). The sodium salt of phenyl- 
dimethyl-pyrazolon-amido-methane-sulphonic acid, 
C11HnN2O.NH.CH2.SO2.ONa, a white, crystalline 
powder: used as an antipyretic and analgesic in 
doses of 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
member (mem'ber) [L. mem'brum]. 1. A part of 
the body distinct from the rest in function or po- 
sition. 2. An outlying part or limb. 
memberment (mem'ber-ment). The manner of 
arrangement of parts in a body. 
membrana (mem-bra'nah), pl. membra'nee. Latin 
for membrane, m. abdom inis, the peritoneum, 
m. adamantin'ea, Nasmyth's membrane, 
m. adventi'tia. 1. The adventitia, or outer 
coat of an artery. See artery. 2. The decidua 
reflexa. m. ag'nina, the amnion, m. at- 
lanto-occipita'lis, the occipito-atloid liga- 
ment. m. basila'ris, the lower boundary of the 
scala media of the ear. m. cadu'ca, the decidua, 
m. capsula'ris, a capsular ligament, m. cho- 
riocapilla'ris, the innermost vascular layer of the 
choroid, m. decid'ua [B N A]. See decidua. 
m. eb'oris, the investing membrane of the tooth- 
pulp, made up of relics of the odontoblasts, m. 
elas'tica laryn'gis [B N A], the submucous layer 
of the larynx, m. flac'cida. See Shrapnell's 
membrane, under membrane, m. fus'ca, the pig- 
mented layer which connects the choroid and sclera, 
m. germinati'va, the blastoderm, m. gran- 
ulo'sa, the cell-layer that lines the inner surface of 
the graafian follicle, m. granulo'sa exter'na 
and m. granulo'sa inter'na, the two granular 
layers of the retina, m. interos'sea antibra'- 
chii, a membrane extending between the radius 
and ulna at the elbow-joint, m. interos'sea 
cru'ris, a figament uniting the shafts of the tibia 
and fibula, m. lim'itans, the limiting membrane 
of the retina. See retina, m. nic'titans. See 
membrane, nictitating, m. obtura'trix, a mem- 
brane which in early fetal life closes in the upper 
part of the fourth ventricle, m. orbita'lis 
musculo'sa, a system of smooth muscles 
deep in the orbit, m. pituito'sa, the Schnei- 
derian membrane, m. pro'pria, the basement- 
membrane of mucous membranes, m. quad- 
rangula'ris, a membrane from the epiglottis 
to the arytenoid cartilages, m. reticula'- 
ta, the net-like membrane covering the organ of 
Corti in the ear. m. ruyschia'na, the capillary 
layer of the choroid; the entochoroidea. m. sacci- 
f or'mis, the synovial membrane of the inferior 
radio-ulnar articulation, m. sero'sa. 1. See 
serous membrane, under membrane. 2. The false 
amnion. See amnion, m. seroti'na, that part 
of the decidua which takes part in the formation 
of the placenta, m. ster'ni [B N A], the layer of 
membrane inclosing the sternum, m. succin'- 
gens, the pleura, m. tecto'ria [B N A], the 
membrane of Corti, m. ten'sa, m. vi'brans, 
the membrana tympani proper, exclusive of 
Shrapnell's membrane m. tym'pani [B N A], 
the drumhead or membrane that separates the 
middle from the external ear. It is made up of 
a large lower part (m. vi'brans, m. ten'sa) and a 
small upper portion (tn. flac'cida, Shrapnell's mem- 
brane). m. tym'pani secunda'ria, the mem- 
brane that closes in the fenestra rotunda, m. 
vestibula'ris, a delicate layer between the 
periosteum of the cochlea and the lamina spiralis; 
it separates the cochlear canal from the scala 
vestibuli. m. vi'brans. See m. tympani. 
membranaceous (mem-bran-a'shus) [L. mem- 
brana'ceus]. Of the nature of a membrane. 
membranate (mem'bra-nat). Having the charac- 
ter of a membrane. 
membrane (mem'bran) [L. membra'na]. A thin 
layer of tissue which covers a surface or divides a 
space or organ, accidental m., a pseudomem- 
brane. adventitious m., a membrane not nor- 
mal to the part, as the membrane of a cicatrix, 
alveolodental m. See pericementum, anal, 
m., the membrane that closes the anal end of the 
embryonic gut. anhistous m., the decidua, 
animal m., a thin membranous diaphragm, as 
of bladder: used as a dialyzer, arachnoid m. 
See arachnoid. Ascher son's m., the covering 
of casein inclosing the milk-globules. Baer's 
m., chromicized pig's bladder, used as a dressing 
over cut bone surfaces, basement-m., the 
delicate, transparent layer underlying the epi- 
thelium of mucous membranes and secreting 
glands, basilar m. See membrana basilaris. 
Bichat's m. See Henle's fenestrated membrane. 
Bowman's m., the uppermost layer of the corneal, 
stroma. Bruch's m., the inner layer of the cho- 
roid coat of the eye. Brunn's m., the epithe- 
lium of the olfactory region of the nose, cap- 
sulopupillary m., the membrane inclosing 
the capsule of the lens of the eye of the early 
embryo. Cargile m., prepared ox peritoneum 
used for covering surfaces from which the peri- 
toneum has been removed, in order to prevent the 
formation of adhesions, cell-m., the condensed 
protoplasm which forms the enveloping capsule 
of a cell, cloacal m., the central wall of the 
cloaca formed by the outer and inner germ-layers, 
cobalt aurate m., gold-beaters' skin saturated 
with cobalt chlorid and gold chlorid and water, 
with oil of cassia: used as an application for caus- 
ing granulation in wounds, complex m., any 
membrane made up of several layers differing in 
structure, compound m., a membrane, like 
that of the tympanum, made up of two distinct 
layers. Corti's m., the membrane over the 
organ of Corti, costocoracoid m., the fascia be- 
tween the pectoralis minor and the subclavius mus- 
cles. cricothyroid m., the membrane which con- 
nects the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, croup- 
ous m., the false membrane of true croup. 
Debove's m., the delicate layer between the 
epithelium and the tunica propria of the bronchial, 
tracheal, and intestinal mucous membranes.. 
Demours' m. Same as Descemet's m. Desce- 
met's m., the posterior lining membrane of the 
cornea, diphtheric m., the variety of false 
membrane characteristic of diphtheria and result- 
ing from coagulation necrosis. See false m. 
Driddell's m. Same as Descemet's m. drum- 
m., the membrana tympani. Duddell's m. 
Same as Descemet's m. dysmenorrheal m., 
the membrane discharged in membranous dys- 
menorrhea. elastic m., a variety of mem- 
brane composed largely of elastic fibers, enamel- 
m. i. The cuticula dentis. 2. The inner layer 
of cells within the enamel-organ of the dental 
germ in the fetus, false m., a morbid pellicle 
or skin-like layer resembling an organized and 
living membrane, but made up of coagulated 
fibrin with bacteria and leukocytes. Called also 
diphtheric m. fenestrated m., the thickest 
and outermost layer of the arterial intima, fetal 
m's, the chorion, amnion, and allantois, fibrous 
m., a membrane made up of fibrous tissue. 
Fielding's m., the tapetum, germinal m., 
the blastoderm. Hannover's intermediate 
m., the enamel-membrane, haptogen m., 
the membrane of protein matter formerly be- 
lieved to inclose milk-globules. Henle's elas- 
tic m., a thin, fenestrated layer between the 
outer and middle tunics of certain arteries. Hen- 
le's fenestrated m., a subendothelial fibro- 
elastic layer in the intima of an artery. Henle's 
m. See Bruch's m. homogeneous m., a mem- 
brane covering the placental villi. Hovius' m., 
the entochoroidea. Huxley's m., the cellular 
membrane of the root-sheath and proximal end 
of a hair, hyaline m. 1. The membrane be- 
tween the outer root-sheath and the inner fibrous 
layer of a hair-follicle. 2. The basement-mem- 
brane. hyaloid m., a delicate membrane in- vesting the vitreous humor of the eye. hyo- 
thyroid m. Same as thyrohyoid, interosseous 
m. See membrana interossea. intersutural m., 
the pericranium that lies between the cerebral 
sutures, ivory m., membrana eboris. Jack- 
son's m., a delicate curtain or web of adhesions 
(by some regarded as a sheet of peritoneum) 
sometimes seen covering the cecum and producing 
obstruction of the bowel and a series of definite 
symptoms. Called also membranous pericolitis. 
Jacob's m., the layer of rods and cones of the 
retina, keratogenous m., the nail matrix. 
Kdlliker's m., the membrana reticulata. 
Krause's m., a membrane, seen as a dark line on 
longitudinal section, serving to limit the sarcomes 
of striated muscle. Called also Dobie's line and 
telophragma, meconic m., a layer within the 
fetal rectum, medullary m., the endosteum, 
mucocutaneous m., a membrane that is partly 
mucous and partly cutaneous, like that of the tym- 
panum. mucous m., a membrane composed of 
epithelium upon a basement-membrane with a sub- 
cutaneous tissue, lining those canals and cavities of 
the body which communicate with external air, such 
as the alimentary canal and its branches, the 
respiratory tract and its connections, and the gen- 
ito-urinary tract. Nasmyth's m., a membrane 
covering the enamel of an unworn tooth, nicti- 
tating m., the so-called third eyelid of various 
animals, as the horse, nuclear m., the outer 
layer of the nucleoplasm, obturator m., the 
tough layer that closes the obturator foramen, ol- 
factory m., the Schneiderian membrane, ovular 
m., the vitelline membrane, palatine m., the 
membrane covering the roof of the mouth, peri- 
colonic m., a membrane passing from the serosa 
of the abdominal wall to the colon. Cf. Jackson's 
membrane, Treves' fold, etc. peridental m., 
Eeriodontal m. See pericementum, peri-or- 
ital m., the periosteum of the orbit, phar- 
yngeal m., the membrane that closes the oral 
end of the embryonic gut. pleuropericar- 
dial m., the membrane which separates the 
heart and the lung-sac in the embryo, pro- 
ligerous m., the discus proligerus. pseudo- 
serous m., a membrane which looks like a serous 
membrane, but differs from it in structure, pupil- 
lary m., a delicate membrane closing in the fetal 
pupil and disappearing about the seventh or eighth 
month of fetal life, purpurogenous m., the 
pigment epithelium of the eye. pyogenic m., a 
membrane which produces pus. pyophylactic 
m., a fibrinous membrane lining a pus-cavity and 
tending to prevent the reabsorption of injurious 
materials. Ranvier's m., Renaut's layer. See 
layer. Reichert's m. See Bowman's m. Reiss- 
ner's m., a thin membrane between the cochlear 
canal and the scala vestibuli. reticulated m., 
the net-like covering of the organ of Corti, ruy- 
schian m., the entochoroidea. Scarpa's m., 
the membrana tympani secundaria. Schneide- 
rian m., the mucous membrane which lines the 
nose, semipermeable m., a membrane which 
permits the passage of a solvent, such as water, 
but prevents the diffusion of molecules of the 
dissolved substance, serous m., the lining 
membrane of any one of the great splanchnic 
or lymph-cavities. Shrapnell's m., the thin 
upper part of the membrana tympani. spore-m. 
See sporocyst, striated m.( the zona radiata. 
subenamel m., a membrane said to exist be- 
tween the enamel pulp and the enamel of a tooth, 
subepithelial m., the basement-membrane, 
subzonal m., the outer layer of the amnion, 
synovial m., a membrane that secretes synovia. 
Synovial membranes are of three kinds: articu- 
lar synovial m's, or those that line the cavities 
of a joint, forming the synovial capsule; bursal 
synovial m's, or those that line bursae mucosae; 
and vaginal synovial m's, or those that line tendon- 
sheaths, forming synovial sheaths, tarsal m., 
the palpebral cartilage. Tenon's m. See 
Tenon's capsule, thyrohyoid m., the mem- 
MEMBRANE 
650 
brane which connects the thyroid cartilage and 
the hyoid bone, tympanic m., the membrana 
tympani. undulating m., a protoplasmic 
membrane running like a fin along the body of 
certain protozoa, utero-epichorial m., the 
decidua vera. virginal m., the hymen, vitel- 
line m., the external envelop of the ovum, 
vitreous m. Same as Bruch's m. Volkmann's 
m., a thin, yellowish membrane studded with 
miliary tubercles which lines the fibrous wall of a 
tubercular abscess. Wachendorf's m. i. The 
pupillary membrane. 2. The membrane which 
invests a cell, yolk-m., the vitelline membrane. 
Zinn's m., the ectiris, or anterior layer of the 
iris. 
membranelle (mem-bra-nel'). A small membrane 
composed of cilia, seen in ciliate organisms. 
membraniform (mem-bra'nif-orm). Resembling 
a membrane. 
membranin (mem'bra-nin). 1. A protein making 
up the lens-capsule and Descemet's membrane. 
2. The cellulose of yeast-cells. 
membranocartilaginous (mem"bran-o-kar-til- 
aj'in-us). 1. Developed in both membrane and 
cartilage. 2. Partly cartilaginous and partly mem- 
branous. 
membranoid (mem'bra-noid). Resembling a mem- 
brane. 
membranous (mem'bran-us) [L. membrano'sus\. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of a membrane. 
membroid (mem'broid). A capsule of animal 
membrane for the administration of medicines 
in order that they may not be absorbed until 
they reach the intestine. 
membrum (mem'brum). Latin for member, m. 
mulie'bre, the clitoris, m. viri'le, the penis. 
memory (mem'o-re) [L. memo'ria]. That mental 
faculty by which sensations, impressions, and 
ideas are recalled, affect m., the memory of a 
psychic trauma, anterograde m., a memory 
serviceable for events long past, but not able to 
acquire new recollections, coast m. See tropical 
amnesia, under amnesia, kinesthetic m., the 
memory of movements in the limbs and other parts 
of the body. 
menacme (men-ak'me) [Gr. pflv month + aKp-rj 
top]. That period of a woman's life which is 
marked by menstrual activity. 
menarche (men-ar'ke) [Gr. pflv month 4- apx'h be- 
ginning]. The establishment or beginning of the 
menstrual function. 
Mendel's reflex (men'delz) [Karl Mendel, con- 
temporary German neurologist]. See reflex. 
Mendeleeff's law (men-de-la'efs) [Dimitri Ivano- 
vich Mendeleefl, Russian chemist, 1834-1907]. See 
law. 
mendelian (men-de'le-an). Relating to Gregor 
Johann Mendel, 1822-1884, an Austrian monk and 
naturalist. See Mendel's law, under law. 
mendelism (men'del-izm). See Mendel's law, under 
law. 
mendelize (men'del-iz). To conform to Mendel's 
law. See under law. 
menelkosis (men-el-ko'sis) [Gr. proves menses + 
e'Xxwais ulceration]. Vicarious menstruation from 
an ulcer. 
menhidrosis, menidrosis (men-hid-ro'sis, men- 
id-ro'sis) [Gr. p-qv month + Ibpws sweat]. The 
discharge of bloody sweat in place of the men- 
strual flow. 
Meniere's disease (men-e-arz') [Prosper Meniere, 
French physician, 1799-1862]. See disease. 
meningeal (men-in'je-al). Of or pertaining to the 
meninges. 
meningematoma, meningsematoma (men-in- 
jem-at-o'mah). Hematoma of the dura mater. 
meningeocortical (men-in"je-o-kor'tik-al). Of or 
pertaining to the meninges and cortex of the 
brain. 
M EN I NGEOCORTICAL meningeorrhaphy (men-in-je-oTaf-e) [Gr. pijvty^ 
membrane 4- powh suture]. Suture of mem- 
branes: especially suture of the spinal cord, 
in which the sutures pass through the membranes 
only. 
meninges (men-in'jez) [pl. of Gr. pijvcy^ mem- 
brane]. The three membranes that envelop the 
brain and spinal cord, including the dura, pia, 
and arachnoid. 
meningina (men-in-ji'nah). The pia mater and 
cerebral layer of the arachnoid considered as a 
single membrane. 
meninginitis (men-in-jin-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the meningina; leptomeningitis. 
meningioma (men-in-je-o'mah) [meninges 4- Gr. 
-opa tumor]. A tumor of the meninges; a tumor of 
the dura mater. 
meningism (men-in'jizm). 1. A condition due to 
pain in the meningeocortical region of the brain, 
marked by excitation, followed by depression of 
the cortex, with vomiting, constipation, and ther- 
mic disorders. 2. A hysteric simulation of menin- 
gitis. 
meningitic (men-in-jit'ik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of meningitis. 
meningitis (men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. pijvty^ membrane]. 
Inflammation of the meninges. When it affects 
the dura mater, the disease is termed pachymen- 
ingitis; when the arachnoid and pia mater are 
involved, it is called leptomeningitis, or menin- 
gitis proper. African m., sleeping-sickness, 
alcoholic m., a form associated with the ex- 
cessive use of alcoholic drinks, m. of the 
base, basilar m., that which affects the men- 
inges at the base of the brain, cerebral m., 
inflammation of the meninges of the brain, acute 
or chronic. In acute cerebral m., which may 
be due to traumatism, tuberculosis, or to exten- 
sion of inflammation from neighboring structures, 
the symptoms are chills, fever with slow pulse, 
headache, vomiting, delirium, and symptoms 
that indicate irritation of the nerves at the base 
and vertex of the brain, as ptosis, squint, optic 
neuritis, facial paralysis, spasm of the muscles 
at the back of the neck, etc. In chronic cere- 
bral m., which is usually due to alcoholism or 
to syphilis, the symptoms are headache, with 
mental degeneration in the alcoholic, and pres- 
sure-symptoms in the syphilitic, variety, cere- 
brospinal m., an inflammation of the membranes 
of the brain and spinal cord. It may be caused by 
many different organisms: Mycobacterium tuber- 
culosis, pneumococcus, streptococcus, gonococcus, 
Hemophylus influenza, Pasteurella pestis, Pfeifler- 
ella mallei, Bacterium typhosum, B. coli, etc. epi- 
demic cerebrospinal m., an acute infectious 
disease attended by seropurulent inflammation 
of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, 
and due to infection by the Neisse'ria meningit'- 
idis (Diplococ'cus intracellula'ris meningi'tidis'}. 
The disease appears usually in epidemics, and the 
symptoms are those of acute cerebral and spinal 
meningitis, in addition to which there is usually 
an eruption of erythematous, herpetic, or hem- 
orrhagic spots upon the skin. Called also cere- 
brospinal fever and spotted fever, epizootic cere- 
brospinal m., a disease of horses, frequently oc- 
curring in epidemics, and characterized by dys- 
phagia, unsteady gait, delirium, and muscular 
contractions. external m., pachymeningitis 
externa, internal m., pachymeningitis interna, 
metastatic m., that which is due to the trans- 
mission of the affection from a remote part, oc- 
clusive m., leptomeningitis of children which 
leads, to the closure of the foramen of Magendie, 
otitic m., a form that sometimes complicates 
an attack of otitis, parameningococcus m., 
meningitis caused by the parameningococcus, 
posterior m., meningitis of the cerebellar re- 
gion.. purulent m., that which is suppurative, 
septicemic m., that which is due to septic blood- 
poisoning. m. sero'sa circumscrip'ta, menin- 
MENINGEORRHAPHY 
651 
gitis giving rise to cystic accumulations of serous 
fluid which cause symptoms of tumors, serous 
m., meningitis with serous exudation into the ven- 
tricles and subarachnoid spaces, simple m., that 
in which there is an exudate of fibrin and serum, 
spinal m., inflammation of the meninges of the 
spinal cord. Acute spinal m. is attended with fever, 
pain in the back and limbs, radiating along the 
peripheral nerves, rigidity of the muscles, dyspnea, 
retention of urine, and paralyses. In chronic 
spinal m. there are pains in the back and along 
the courses of nerves, hyperesthesia, paralysis, 
and atrophy of muscles, m. sympath'ica, a con- 
dition of the cerebrospinal fluid caused by inflam- 
mation in the neighborhood of the meninges. It is 
marked by increase in the pressure of the fluid and 
increase in its albumin and cellular content. The 
fluid is sterile and there may be symptoms of men- 
ingitis (Plant and Schottmuller). traumatic m., 
that which is due to traumatism or injury, tuber- 
cular m., tuberculous m., acute hydroceph- 
alus. 
meningitophobia (men"in-jit"o-fo'be-ah) [menin- 
gitis + Gr. <p6/3os fear], A condition simulating 
meningitis, but due to fear of that disease. 
meningobacterin (men-in"go-bak'ter-in). A pro- 
prietary name for meningococcus vaccine for im- 
munization against cerebrospinal meningitis. 
meningocele (men-in'go-sel) [Gr. pijvcy^ mem- 
brane + k^Xt] hernia]. Hernial protrusion of the 
meninges. 
meningocephalitis (men-in"go-sef-al-i'tis). Same 
as meningo-encephalitis. 
meningocerebritis (men-in"go-ser-e-bri'tis) [men- 
ingitis + cerebritis]. Meningo-encephalitis; in- 
flammation of the meninges and the brain. 
meningococcemia (me-ning"-o-kok-se'me-ah). 
The presence of meningococci in the blood. 
meningococcidal (me-ning"o-kok-si'dal) [menin- 
goccus + L. ccedere to kill]. Destroying meningo- 
cocci. 
meningococcus (men-in"go-kok'us) [Gr. prjviyfl 
membrane + kokkos berry]. Same as Neisseria 
meningitidis. Jager's m. See Diplococcus 
crassus. 
meningocortical (men-in"go-korTik-al). Affect- 
ing the meninges and cortex. 
meningo-encephalitis (men-in"go-en-sef-al-i'tis) 
[Gr. prjviy^ membrane + eyKe<paXos brain + -ins 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the brain and 
meninges, chronic m., general paresis. See 
paresis. 
meningo-encephalocele (men-in"go-en-sef'al-o- 
sel) [Gr. pijviy^ membrane + tyKe<paXos brain 4- 
k 17X77 hernia]. Hernial protrusion of the brain 
and meninges. 
meningo-encephalomyelitis (men-in"go-en-sef" 
al-o-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. pijviy^ membrane + eyKe<pa- 
Xos brain + /iveXos marrow 4- -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the meninges, brain, and spinal 
cord. 
meningomalacia (men-in"go-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. 
fjijvcyl; membrane 4~ paXania softness]. Soften- 
ing of a membrane. 
meningomye litis (men-in"go-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. 
fj.ijvi.yl; membrane 4- pveXos marrow 4* -iris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the spinal cord 
and its membranes. 
meningomyelocele (men-in"go-mi-el'o-sel) [Gr. 
pijviy^ membrane 4- pveXbs marrow 4* kt)Xt) her- 
nia]. Hernial protrusion of a part of the spinal 
cord and its membranes. 
meningomyelorrhaphy (me-nin"go-mi-el-or'af-e) 
[Gr. pijviy^ membrane 4- pveXos marrow 4- 
patpif suture]. Suture of the spinal cord, with 
sutures passing through both cord and membranes. 
meningo-osteophlebitis (men-in"go-os"te-o- 
fleb-i'tis) [Gr. pijvty^ membrane 4- bareov bone 4- 
<pX&p vein 4- -ins inflammation]. Periostitis with 
inflammation of the veins of a bone. 
MENINGO-OSTEOPHLEBITIS meningorachidian (men-in"go-rah-kid'e-an) [Gr. 
pqv iy£ membrane + paxes spine]. Pertaining to 
the spinal cord and its membranes. 
meningoradicular (men-in"go-rad-ik'u-lar) [Gr. 
pqvey^ membrane 4- L. ra'dix root]. Pertaining 
to the meninges and the roots of the cranial and 
spinal nerves. 
meningorrhagia (men-in"go-ra'je-ah) [Gr. pqvey^ 
membrane + -payea break]. Hemorrhage from the 
cerebral or spinal membranes. 
meningorrhea, meningorrhoea (men-in"gor-e'- 
ah) [Gr. pqvCy^ membrane + poea flow]. Effu- 
sion of blood between or upon the meninges. 
meningosis (men-in-go'sis) [Gr. pqvey% membrane]. 
The membranous attachment of bones to' each 
other. 
meningo typhoid (me-nin"go-ti'foid). Typhoid 
in which meningeal symptoms are very promi- 
nent. 
meninguria (men-in-gu're-ah) [Gr. pqvey£ mem- 
brane + ovpov urine]. The occurrence of mem- 
branous shreds in the urine. 
meninx (me'ninks), pl. menin'ges [Gr. pqvey^ mem- 
brane]. A membrane; especially one of the three 
envelopes of the brain and spinal cord. m. fibro'- 
sa, the dura mater, m. sero sa, the arachnoid, 
m. ten'uis, the arachnopia. m. vasculo'sa, 
the pia mater. 
menischesis (men-is'ke-sis) [Gr. pqves menses + 
retention]. Retention of the menses. 
meniscitis (men-is-ki'tis). Inflammation of a 
semilunar cartilage of the knee-joint. 
meniscus (men-is'kus) [Gr. pqvlaKos crescent]. A 
crescentic interarticular fibrocartilage. converg- 
ing m. Same as positive m. diverging m., a 
concavoconvex lens having its concave surface of 
greater radius than its convex surface, m. 
latera'lis [B N A], the external semilunar car- 
tilage. m. media'lis [B N A], the internal semi- 
lunar cartilage, negative m., a convexoconcave 
lens, positive m., a concavoconvex lens, slip 
m., dislocation of the internal semilunar cartilage 
of the knee-joint, tactile m., a disk-like expan- 
sion of the axis-cylinder of a sensory nerve in the 
epidermis. 
Menispermum (men-is-per'mum) [Gr. pqvq moon 
+ aireppa seed]. A genus of plants. The rhizome 
and roots of M. canaden'se, moonseed or yellow 
parilia, are used like sarsaparilla, as a tonic 
and alterative. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. 
(2-4 c.c.). 
menocelis (men-os-e'lis) [Gr. pqv month 4- Kq\ls 
spot]. A spotted condition of the skin due to 
stoppage of the menses. 
menolipsis (men-o-lip'sis) [Gr. pqv month 4- 
Xei^is failing]. Temporary cessation of men- 
struation. 
menopause (men'o-pawz) [Gr. pqv month 4- irawres 
cessation]. The period when menstruation nor- 
mally ceases; the change of life. 
menophania (men-o-fa'ne-ah) [Gr. pqv month 4- 
<pa^ia appearance]. The appearance of the menses 
at puberty. 
menoplania (men-o-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. pqv month 4- 
ir\avq deviation]. Metastasis or aberration of 
the menses; vicarious menstruation. 
menorrhagia (men-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. pqv month 4- 
pqyvvvae to burst forth]. Abnormally profuse 
menstruation. 
menorrhea (men-or-e'ah) [Gr. pqv month 4* poea 
flow], 1. The normal discharge of the menses. 
2. Too free or profuse menstruation. 
menosal (men'o-sal). A proprietary preparation, 
menthyl salicylic methyl ester, used internally as 
an analgesic. 
menoschesis (men-os'kes-is) [Gr. pqv month 4- 
axwes retention]. Suppression of the menses. 
menosepsis (men-o-sep'sis) [Gr. pqv month 4- crqfes 
decay]. Septic poisoning from retained menses. 
MENINGORACHIDIAN 
652 
menostasia, menostasis (men-o-sta'ze-ah, men- 
os'tas-is) [Gr. pqv month + araais halt]. Sup- 
pression of the menses. 
menoxenia (men-ok-se'ne-ah) [Gr. pqv month + 
^evos strange]. Abnormal menstruation. 
mensalin (men'sal-in). A proprietary powder 
used as a nervine and sedative in gastric and in- 
testinal disorders and in menstrual disturbance. 
mensan (men'san). A preparation from the hazel- 
nut, used as a hemostatic. 
menses (men'sez) [L. pl. of men'sis month]. The 
monthly flow of blood from the genital tract of 
women, attended with congestion of the genital 
tract and hypertrophy of the uterine mucous 
membrane. It attends the discharge of ova from 
the ovary. 
menstrual (men'stru-al) [L. menstrua'Us]. Per- 
taining to the menses. 
menstruate (men'stru-at) [L. menstrua're]. To 
have the monthly courses; to discharge the 
menses. 
menstruation (men-stru-a'shun). The monthly 
sanguineous discharge peculiar to women; the 
recurrence of the menses. It begins at the age of 
puberty (twelve to seventeen years) and extends 
to the menopause, climacteric m., the time or 
epoch of the first menstruation, vicarious m., 
a menstrual flow from some part or organ other 
than the vagina. 
menstruous (men'stru-us). Pertaining to men- 
struation. 
menstruum (men'stru-um) [L. men'struus men- 
struous: it was long believed that the menstrual 
fluid had a peculiar solvent quality]. A solvent 
medium. 
mensual (men'su-al) [L. men'sis month]. Monthly, 
mensuration (men-su-ra'shun) [L. mensura'tio; 
mensu'ra measure]. The act or process of meas- 
uring. 
mentagra (men-tah'grah) [L. men'tum chin + Gr. 
ay ph seizure]. Same as sycosis. 
mentagrophyton (men-tag-rof'it-on) [L. menta'gra 
sycosis 4- Gr. <pvrbv plant]. The fungus Micros'- 
poron mentagroph'ytes, the cause of sycosis. 
mental (men'tai), i. [L. mens mind.] Pertaining 
to the mind. 2. [L. men'tum chin.] Pertaining 
to the chin. 
mentalia (men-ta'le-ah). See psychalia. 
mentalis muscle (men-ta'lis). Same as levator 
labii inferioris. See muscles, table of. 
mentality (men-tal'it-e). The mental power or 
activity. 
Mentha (men'thah) [L.]. A genus of labiate plants: 
the mints. M. piperi'ta, peppermint, a fragrant 
herb: anodyne and carminative. Dose of oil, 
1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); of spirit, 10-30 min. 
(0.666-2 c.c.). M. pule'gium, true pennyroyal. 
See pennyroyal. M. vir'idis, spearmint: a car- 
minative and aromatic stimulant. Dose of vola- 
tile oil, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.); of spirit, 
10-40 min. (0.666-2.666 c.c.). 
menthalcal (men-thal'kal). A proprietary com- 
bination of menthol and a salt from the mineral 
springs of Ems, in Germany. 
paenthene (men-then'). A fragrant liquid hydro- 
carbon, CioHlg, derivable from menthol, m. 
carbonate, a white, tasteless powder, (C10H18)- 
CO3. 
menthenone (men'the-non). A colorless ketone, 
C10H16O, contained in peppermint oil. 
mentheolate (men'the-o-lat). A solution of 200 
grains of menthol in | fluidounce of oleic acid. 
menthiodol (men-thi'o-dol). A preparation of 
4 parts of menthol with 1 part of iodin: used 
locally in neuralgia. 
menthoform (men'tho-form). A preparation of 
menthol, formic aldehyd, and glycerin. 
MENTHOFORM MENTHOL 
653 
MERCURIC 
menthol (men'thol). Mint-camphor, a monacid 
methane alcohol, C10H20O, a crystalline stearopten 
from oil of peppermint. It is anodyne, and is 
used, for the most part, externally in neuralgia, 
skin diseases, and rhinitis. Dose, 5-2 gr. (0.033- 
0.133 gm.), m. valerianate. See validol. 
mentholin (men'tho-lin). A proprietary remedy 
for coryza, containing menthol, 1 part; boric 
acid and coffee (roasted and finely powdered), 
each, 10 parts. 
mentholyptine (men-tho-lip'tin). A proprietary 
antiseptic compound of menthol and eucalyptol: 
for external use. 
menthone (men'thbn). A volatile oil, a ketone, 
CioHisO, from oil of peppermint. 
menthophenol (men-tho-fe'nol). A liquid prepa- 
ration of menthol (3 parts) and phenol (1 part): 
an antiseptic and local anesthetic. 
menthorol (men'tho-rol). A mixture of para- 
chlorphenol and menthol: used locally in lar- 
yngeal phthisis. 
menthospirin (men-tho-spi'rin). The acetylsali- 
cylic-acid ester of menthol: used like aspirin. 
menthoxol (men-thoks'ol). A solution of menthol 
and hydrogen dioxid in alcohol: a deodorant 
antiseptic for external use. 
menthyl (men'thil). The monovalent radical, 
CloHjg. 
mento-anterior (men"to-an-te're-or) [L. men'tum 
chin + ante'rior before]. Having the chin directed 
forward. 
mentolabial (men-to-la'be-al). Pertaining to the 
cheek and lip. 
mentolabialis (men"to-la-be-a'lis). The levator 
labii inferioris and the quadratus menti regarded 
as one muscle. 
mentoposterior (men"to-pos-te're-or) [L. men'tum 
chin + posterior after]. Having the chin directed 
toward the back, or turned sacrad (used of the 
fetus at delivery). 
mentulagra (men-tu-lag'rah) [L. men'tula penis 
+ Gr. ay pa seizure]. 1. Priapism. 2. Chordee. 
mentulate (men'tu-lat). Having a large penis. 
mentum (men'tum) [L.]. The chin. 
Menyanthes (men-e-an'thez) [Gr. ppv month + 
avflos flower]. A genus of gentianaceous plants, 
M. trifolia'ta, or buckbean, is a bitter tonic, use- 
ful in rheumatism, sick headache, jaundice etc. 
Dose of powdered leaves, 20-30 gr. (1.3-2 gm.). 
Menzer's serum (ment'zerz) [Arthur August Lud- 
wig Menzer, German bacteriologist, born 1872]. 
See serum. 
mephitic (me-fit'ik) [L. mephit'icus; mephi'tis foul 
exhalation]. Emitting a foul odor. 
meralgia (me-ral'je-ah) [Gr. pr^pos thigh 4- a\yos 
pain]. Pain in the thigh, m. pareesthet'ica, a 
disease marked by paresthesia and disturbance 
of sensation in the outer surface of the thigh, in 
the region supplied by the external cutaneous 
femoral nerve. The paresthesia consists of burn- 
ing, tingling, stabbing pains of considerable se- 
verity, or possibly only of a feeling of numbness. 
The sensory disturbances vary from slight hyper- 
esthesia to total anesthesia. Called also Bern- 
hardt's disturbance of sensation. 
mercaptan (mer-kap'tan) [L. mercu'rium cap'tans 
seizing or combining with mercury]. Any alco- 
hol in which hydroxyl oxygen is replaced by sul- 
phur; a thioalcohol. 
mercaptol (mer-kap'tol). A compound formed 
from a ketone by introducing two thio-alkyl 
groups in place of the bivalent oxygen. 
mercauro (mer-kaw'ro) [mercury + L. au'rum 
gold]. A proprietary solution of bromids of 
gold, arsenic, and mercury, each, 10 min., con- 
taining 4? gr. of each of the bromids. 
merchochinol (mer-ko-kin'ol). Mercury oxyquin- 
olin sulphonate, a yellow powder, used for the 
administration of mercury internally, externally, 
and hypodermically. 
Mercier's bar, valve, etc. (mer-se-az') [Louis 
Auguste Mercier, French urologist, 1811-1882]. 
See bar, valve, etc. 
mercolint (mer'ko-lint). A cloth impregnated 
with metallic mercury and worn over the chest 
in the treatment of syphilis. 
mercupressin (mer-ku-pres'in). A proprietary 
preparation essentially the same as spirocide. 
mercuramin (mer-ku'ram-in). A germicide, mer- 
cury ethylene-diamin-citrate. 
mercuran (mer'ku-ran). A 50 per cent, mercurial 
ointnjent prepared with goose-fat stearin. 
mercurette (mer-ku-ret'). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of mercury in cocoa-butter. 
mercurial (mer-ku're-al) [L. mercuria'lis\. 1. 
Pertaining to mercury. 2. Any preparation of 
mercury. 
Mercurialis (mer-ku-re-a'lis). A genus of plants 
of Europe, M. an'nua and M. peren'nis, have 
alterative properties, and are used in scrofula, 
syphilis, dysmenorrhea, etc. Dose of fluidextract, 
5-30 min. (0.3-2 c.c.). 
mercurialism (mer-ku're-al-izm). Chronic poi- 
soning from misuse of mercury; hydrargyrism. 
mercurialization (mer-ku"re-al-iz-a'shun). The 
act or process of putting under the influence of 
mercury. 
mercurialized (mer-ku're-al-izd). Treated with 
mercury; containing mercury, m. serum. See 
under serum. 
mercuric (mer-ku'rik). Pertaining to mercury as 
a bivalent element, m. benzoate, a white, crys- 
talline, tasteless salt, (C6H5-CO.O)2Hg + H2O, 
used subcutaneously in the treatment of syphilis, 
m. cacodylate, a white, crystalline powder of 
mercuric methyl-arsenate, [(CH3)2-AsO.O]2Hg: used 
in the treatment of syphilis, m. chlorid, mer- 
cury bichlorid, a crystalline salt, HgCh: used ex- 
ternally in syphilis, and internally in doses of 
gr. (0.001-0.003 gm.), as an antiseptic, alterative, 
and antisyphilitic. Called also corrosive sublimate 
and hydrargyrum chloridum corrosivum (U. S. P.). 
m. chlorid glutinopeptonate, an antisyph- 
ilitic double salt. Subcutaneous dose, J gr. (0.01 
gm.), m. chlorid-urea, a solution of 1 gm. of 
mercuric chlorid and j c.c. of urea in 100 c.c. of 
water: for subcutaneous injection in syphilis, m. 
cyanid, a very poisonous salt, Hg(CN)2; is color- 
less: to be used subcutaneously, with great cau- 
tion, in the treatment of syphilis, m. diiodo- 
salicylate, a yellow, amorphous powder, (OH.Ce- 
H2I2.CO.O)2Hg: used in the treatment of syphilis, 
m. formamidate, a solution, (HCONH)2Hg: 
used subcutaneously in syphilis. Daily dose, 1 gr. 
(0.06 gm.), m. guaiacol-sulphonate, brown 
crystals of [CHsO.CeHsfOHlSChOpHg: used by in- 
tramuscular injections in syphilis in doses of J 
gr. (0.032 gm.) gradually increased, m. iodate, 
a salt of mercury, HgflOs^: antisyphilitic, m. 
lactate, white, crystalline powder, (CH3.CHOH.- 
COO)2Hg. m. ortho-guaiacol-sulphonate, 
brown, soluble crystals of (OH.CcHsfCHsOjSCb.- 
O)2Hg. It has been used in the treatment of 
syphilis, m. oxidasparagin, an antiseptic and 
antisyphilitic agent, (NH2.C2H3(CONH2) CO^Hg. 
m. oxycyanid, a white, crystalline powder, Hg- 
(OCN)2: an antiseptic and antisyphilitic, m. 
peptonate, an antisyphilitic agent: to be used 
subcutaneously, m. phenate, phenylate. 
See mercury carbolate, m. resorcinate, a dark 
yellow, crystalline powder: used therapeutically in 
minute subcutaneous doses, m. salicylate, a 
white, tasteless powder, (OH.C6H4.CO2)2Hg, in- 
soluble in water and alcohol: used as an internal 
and external antisyphilitic, antigonorrheic, etc. 
Dose, ^-ij gr. (0.01-0.08 gm.); locally, in 1 per 
cent, powder or ointment, m. subsulphate, MERCURICIDE 
654 
MERISTA 
yellow, a heavy lemon-yellow powder, HgSO4- 
2H2O: used as an emetic, m. sulphid, a brilliant 
scarlet powder, HgS. Called also vermillion or 
cinnabar. It may be used for fumigation in 
syphilis. 
mercuricide (mer-ku'ris-id). Lemon-yellow crys- 
tals of the iodid of lithium and mercury, HgL-sLil. 
It is actively germicidal. 
Mercurio's position (mer-koo're-6z) [Geronimo 
Scipione Mercurio, Italian accoucheur, 1550-1595]. 
See position. 
mercurivanillin (mer-ku-ri-van-il'in). A pro- 
prietary remedy for syphilis, said to contain 40 
per cent, of mercury. 
mercurochrome (mer-ku'ro-krom). A red powder, 
dibrom-oxymercury-fluorescein or its sodium salt, 
Na.CO2.C6H4.C : C6H2Br : O.C6HBr(ONa)(HgOH)- 
3H2O, which is a green crystalline powder. The 
acid is obtained by substituting one atom of 
mercury in the molecule of dibromfluorescein and 
contains about 26 per cent, of mercury: used as a 
germicide for the genito-urinary tract. 
mercuro-iodohemol (mer"ku-ro-i"o-do-he'mol). 
A brown powder, insoluble in water, containing 
hemol, mercury, and iodin: an alterative and 
hematinic. 
mercurol (mer'ku-rol). A cream-colored, soluble 
powder, mercury nucleide: it is used in irrigations 
for gonorrhea and as an antisyphilitic. 
mercurophen (mer-ku'ro-fen). Sodium oxymer- 
cury orthonitrophenolate, a powerful antiseptic, 
NCb.CeHsfHgOHj.ONa, and germicide. 
mercurosal (mer-ku'ro-sal). A white or cream- 
colored powder, disodium-hydroxy-mercuri-salicyl- 
oxyacetate: used in the treatment of syphilis. 
mercurous (mer'ku-rus). Pertaining to mercury 
as a univalent element, m. acetate, a salt in 
white or gray scales, (CH3COO)2Hg3: antisyph- 
ilitic. Dose, g-r gr. (0.01-0.06 gm.), m. chlorid. 
See calomel. 
mercury (merTu-re) [L. mercu'rius, or hydrar'- 
gyrum}. A metallic element, liquid at ordinary 
temperatures; quicksilver. Its symbol is Hg; 
atomic weight, 200.6; specific gravity, 13.59. It 
is insoluble in ordinary solvents, being only par- 
tially soluble in boiling hydrochloric acid. It may 
be dissolved, however, in nitric acid. Mercury 
forms two sets or classes of compounds-mer- 
curous, in which a single atom of mercury combines 
with a monovalent radical, and mercuric, in 
which a single atom of mercury combines with 
a bivalent radicle. Mercury and its salts are 
used in medicine as purgatives and cholagogues; 
as alteratives in chronic inflammations; as anti- 
syphilitics, intestinal antiseptics, disinfectants, and 
astringents. They are absorbed by the skin and 
mucous membranes, causing chronic mercurial 
poisoning, or hydrargyrism. The mercuric salts 
are more soluble and irritant than the mercur- 
ous. See also under mercuric and mercurous. 
m. alanate, m. aminoproprionate, a white, 
crystalline powder. Subcutaneous dose, 
gr. (0.005-0.01 gm.), m. albuminate, a salt 
whose triturate with sugar of milk is employed 
as an antiseptic dusting-powder, m. arsenite, 
a brownish powder, Hg3AsO3, used in syphilis and 
intestinal disorders, m. asparaginate, m. 
imidosuccinate, a bright, crystalline powder, 
(C2H4(CO)2N)2Hg. Dose, ^gr. (0.0013 gm.), m. 
atoxylate, the mercury salt of paramidophenyl 
arsenic acid, [NH2.CeH4.AsO(OH)O]2Hg: used in 
spirochetal disease, xn. bichlorid. See mercuric 
chlorid. m. cacodylate, a white, hygroscopic, 
crystalline salt, mercuric methyl arsenate, [(CH3)2- 
AsO2]Hg: used in syphilis and tuberculosis, m. 
carbolate, a salt in nearly colorless needles, (Cg- 
HsO^Hg + H2O. Dose, gr. (0.016-0.032 gm.), 
colloidal m. See hyrgol. m. dimethylate. 
See asquirrol. m. ethylchlorid, a substance, 
Hg(C2H5)Cl, in shining scales and of an offensive 
odor: used subcutaneously, m. ethylene- 
diamin, a combination of merucry and ethylene- 
diamin: used in aqueous solution, i to 50 or 1 to 
200, for disinfecting the hands. French m., 
Mercurialis annua, m. fulminate, a white, 
crystalline body, (C : N.O^Hg.jHaO: used in de- 
tonating caps for exploding dynamite, etc. m. 
gallate, a salt, (CeHXOHhCOO^Hg, in a green- 
ish-black powder: antisyphilitic. Dose, J-f gr. 
(0.03-0.05 gm.). m. iodocacodylate, an 
antisyphilitic solution of mercury cacodylate 
and sodium iodid. m. oleobrassidate, a com- 
pound resulting from the treatment of mercuric 
oxid with erucic acid and oleic acid. It contains 30 
per cent, of mercury and is used like mercurial 
ointment, m. oxycyanid, a white, crystalline 
compound, HgO.Hg(CN)2: used as an antiseptic 
in diphtheria, erysipelas, wounds, etc. m. per- 
oxid, a red powder, HgO2, which is decomposed 
by water, liberating oxygen and forming hydrogen 
dioxid and mercuric oxid. m. and potassium 
hyposulphite, a crystalline salt, 2HgS2O3 + 
5K2S2O3: used subcutaneously, m. and potas- 
sium sulphite, a salt in colorless crystals: to be 
used hypodermically. m. pyroborate, a 
brown, insoluble powder, HgB4(>: used in oint- 
ments. m. silicofluorid, a substance in crystal- 
line prisms, Hg2SiF6 + 2H2O: used as a surgical 
antiseptic like mercuric chlorid in 1 : 1000 aqueous 
solution or 1 : 2000 ointment, m. sozoiodolate, 
a fine, yellow powder, (C6H2l2(OH)SO3)2Hg: anti- 
syphilitic. Subcutaneous dose, 1 gr. (0.06 gm.), 
m. succinimid, a white powder, [(CH2CO)2N]2- 
Hg: used like other mercury salts. Dose by 
mouth, g-j gr. (0.01-0.015 gm.); hypodermic- 
ally, 8-16 m. (0.5-1 cc.) of a 2.5 per cent, solu- 
tion. m. tannate, a greenish-brown powder, used 
in syphilis. Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.06-0.12 gm.), m. thy- 
molacetate, a crystalline powder, (CH3COO)2- 
TT | CHgCOO-^TT TA 11 Z 
Hg + c 0 >Hg. Dose, fg-i gr. (0.005-0.01 
gm.), m. thymolate, an unstable, violet-green 
salt, C10Hi3OHgOH. m. thymolnitrate, a salt 
in colorless crystals, CioHisO.Hg.HgNOs: used 
subcutaneously, m. tribromphenolacetate, 
a salt in yellow crystals: antisyphilitic. 
mere (mer) [Gr. pepos part]. Any one of the parts 
into which the substance of a zygote of a cell some- 
times divides. Meres give rise to blasts. 
mergal (mer'gal). A mixture of albumin tannate 
with mercuric cholate: used for bringing the liver 
under the action of mercury. 
mergandol (mer-gan'dol). Mercury sodium gly- 
cerate: used in syphilis by injection. Dose, 30 min. 
(2 c.c.) every other day. 
meriatchenje (mehr"e-aht-chen'ge). See miry- 
achit. 
meridian (mer-id'e-an) [L. meridia'nus, from me'- 
dius middle + di'es day]. A great circle sur- 
rounding a sphere and passing through its poles, 
m. of the cornea, a curve formed on the surface 
of the cornea by an anteroposterior plane passing 
through the apex of the cornea, m. of the eye, 
a line passing around the eyeball. 
meridional (mer-id'e-o-nal). Pertaining to a 
meridian or made along a meridian; as, meridional 
section. 
meriodin (me-ri'o-din). Mercury diiodoparaphe- 
nolsulphonate: used in treatment of syphilis. 
merism (mer'izm) [Gr. pepos a part]. The repe- 
tition of parts in an organism so as to form a regular 
pattern. 
Merismopedia (mer"is-mo-pe'de-ah) [Gr. pepeapa 
division + irebiov plain]. A genus of bacteria 
characterized by division into plates: some of the 
species are supposed to be pathogenic. 
merispore (mer'is-por) [Gr. pepos part + virbpos 
seed]. A spore produced by the division of an- 
other spore. 
Merista (me-ris'tah). A genus or form of bacterial 
cocci growing in two dimensions and exhibiting a 
division at right angles. MERISTEM 
655 
MESENTERITIS 
meristem (mer'is-tem) [Gr. pepi^eiv to divide]. 
The undifferentiated embryonic tissue of plants. 
meristematic (mer-is-tem-at'ik). Pertaining to or 
composed of meristem. 
meristic (mer-is'tik). Pertaining to or possessing 
merism; symmetrical; having symmetrically ar- 
ranged parts. 
meristiform (me-ris'tif-orm) [Gr. pepcarbs divided 
+ L. for1 ma form]. A tetrad of cocci. See tetrad. 
Merizomyria (mer"iz-o-mir'e-ah). A genus of 
schizomycetes with cylindric, phycochromous fila- 
ments in chaplets. 
merjodin (mer-i'o-din). See meriodin. 
Merkel's corpuscles, ganglia, or touch cells 
(mer'kelz) [Friedrich Siegismund Merkel, German 
anatomist, 1845-1919]. See under corpuscle. 
Merkel's flitrum, muscle (mer'kelz) [Karl Lud- 
wig Merkel, German anatomist, 1812-1876]. See 
under jiltrum and muscle. 
merlusan (mer'lu-san). A proprietary mercury 
(tyrosin-mercury) preparation: used locally in the 
treatment of acute gonorrhea, ophthalmia, syph- 
ilis, and cystitis. 
meroacrania (mer"o-ak-ra'ne-ah) [Gr. pepos part 
+ a neg. + Kpaviov skull]. Partial congenital ab- 
sence of the cranium. 
meroblastic (mer-o-blas'tik) [Gr. pepos part + 
IdXaarbs germ]. Undergoing segmentation in only 
one part. 
merocele (me'ro-sel) [Gr. pppbs thigh + K-qX-q her- 
nia]. Femoral hernia. 
merocrine (mer'ok-rin) [Gr. pepos part + Kpivelv 
to separate]. Partly secreting. A term applied 
to glands which alternately elaborate secretions 
and then evacuate them. 
merodiastolic (mer"o-di-as-tol'ik) [Gr. pepos part 
+ diastole]. Pertaining to a part of the diastole. 
merogastrula (mer-o-gas'tru-lah). The gastrula 
of a meroblastic ovum. 
merogenesis (mer-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. pepos part -|- 
yeveacs formation]. Segmentation. 
merogenetic, merogenic (mer-o-jen-et'ik, 
-jen'ik). Pertaining to segmentation. 
merogony (me-rog'o-ne) [Gr. pepos part + yovos 
born]. The development of an organism from a 
portion of an egg or portion of an embryo. 
meromicrosomia (mer"o-mi-kro-so'me-ah) [Gr. 
pepos part + microsomia]. Unusual smallness 
of some part of the body. 
meromorphosis (mer-o-mor-fo'sis) [Gr. pepos part 
+ pbp<pwais formation]. Incomplete restoration 
or regeneration of a lost part. 
meromyerial (mer-o-mi-e're-al). A type of ar- 
rangement of the muscular system in the Nema- 
toda. There are only two or three broad flat 
muscle-cells between the pillars. 
meroparesthesia (me"ro-par-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
pepos limb + paresthesia]. Alteration of the 
tactile sense in the extremities. 
merorachischisis (me"ro-rak-is'kis-is) [Gr. pepos 
part + pdyts spine J- o-yicris fissure]. Fissure of 
a part of the spinal cord. 
merosystolic (me"ro-sis-tol'ik) [Gr. pepos share + 
avaroXq systole]. Pertaining to a part of the 
systole. 
rnerotomy (me-rot'o-me) [Gr. p'epos part + r^pveiv 
to cut]. Division into segments. 
merozoite (me-ro-zo'it) [Gr. pepos part + ^ov an- 
imal]. One of the spores formed by the splitting 
up of the schizont in schizogenous reproduction of 
protozoa. Cf. sporozoite. 
merpotide (mer'po-tid). A proprietary preparation 
of potassium iodid and mercury protiodid: used in 
connection with arsphenamin. 
mersalv (mer'salv). A proprietary ointment con- 
taining 10 per cent, metallic mercury with an oily 
basis. 
merulan (mer'u-lan). A combination of mercury 
and tyrosin, recommended for syphilis. 
Merulius lac'rymans (me-ru'le-us). The fungus 
of the dry-rot of wood. Inhaled in dust, it be- 
comes parasitic, causing a persistent and some- 
times fatal catarrh and bronchitis. 
Mery's glands (ma-rez') [Jean Mery, anatomist in 
Paris, 1645-1722]. Cowper's glands. 
merycism (mer'is-izm) [Gr. p-qpvKtapbs chewing]. 
The regurgitation of food from the stomach and 
chewing it again. 
merycismus (mer-is-iz'mus). Merycism. 
mesad (me'sad). Toward the median line or plane, 
mesal (me'sal) [Gr. peaos middle]. Pertaining to 
the median line or plane. 
mesameboid (mes-am-e'boid) [Gr. pea os middle + 
apoiflr) change + eI6os shape]. Minot's name for 
a primitive blood-cell or hemoblast. See hemoblast. 
mesaortitis (mes"a-or-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
middle coat of the aorta. 
mesaraic, mesareic, mesaroeic (mes-ar-a'ik) 
[Gr. pea os middle + apata. belly]. Mesenteric. 
mesarteritis (mes"ar-ter-i'tis) [Gr. pea os middle 
+ aprepla artery + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the middle coat of an artery. 
mesaticephalic (mes-at"is-ef-al'ik) [Gr. peaaros 
medium + Ke<paXi) head]. Neither brachyceph- 
alic nor dolichocephalic. 
mesatipellic, mesatipelvic (mes-at-ip-el'ik, -el'- 
vik) [Gr. peaaros medium + ireXXis pelvis]. 
Having a pelvic index between 900 and 950. 
mescal (mes-kahl7) [Mex.]. The fermented juice of 
Aga've america'na and other Mexican species of 
that genus, m.-buttons, the tops of a species of 
North American cactus, Anhalo'nium lewin'ii: 
nerve stimulant and antispasmodic. Its admin- 
istration leads to color hallucinations and pleasant 
visions. See Anhalonium lewinii. 
mescalin (mes'ka-lin). An alkaloid from Anhalo'- 
nium lewin'ii. See mezcalin. 
mescalism (mes'kal-izm). The habitual use of 
mescal-buttons. 
mesectic (mes-ek'tik). Taking up a medium or 
average amount of oxygen. If at an oxygen 
pressure of 40 mm. the blood will take up oxygen 
to the extent of 70-79 per cent., it is said to be 
mesectic. Cf. mionectic and pleonectic. 
mesectoblast (mes-ek'to-blast). Same as ecto- 
mesoblast. 
Mesembryanthemum (mes-em-bre-an'the-mum) 
[L.]. A genus of mostly suffruticose plants. M. 
crystalli'num is diuretic. M. acinacifor'me is anti- 
dysenteric. M. tortuo'sum is narcotic. 
mesencephal (mes-en'sef-al). Same as mesen- 
cephalon. 
mesencephalic (mes-en-sef-al'ik). Pertaining to 
the mesencephalon. 
mesencephalon (mes-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. peaos mid- 
dle + eyKe<paXos brain]. The midbrain; the 
middle cerebral vesicle of the embryonic brain 
from which are developed the middle cerebral 
ganglia, including the corpora quadrigemina and 
crura cerebri. 
mesenchyma (mes-en'kim-ah) [Gr. peaos middle 
+ eyxvpa infusion]. The embryonic connective 
tissue; that part of the mesoderm whence are 
formed the connective tissues of the body, and 
also the blood-vessels and lymphatic vessels. 
mesenchymal (mes-en'kim-al). Pertaining to the 
mesenchyma. 
mesenchyme (mes'en-kim). Same as mesenchyma. 
mesenteric (mes-en-ter'ik) [Gr. peaevrepiKos]. Per- 
taining to the mesentery. 
mesenteriolum (mes-en-ter-i'o-lum). A small 
mesentery: especially the mesentery of the intesti- 
nal diverticulum. 
mesenteritis (mes-en-ter-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the mesentery. MESENTERIUM 
656 
MESODERMIC 
mesenterium (mes-en-te're-um). [B N A] Mesen- 
tery. m. commu'ne, the mesentery proper. 
mesenteroblast (mes-en'ter-o-blast). Same as 
mes enteron. 
mesenteron (mes-en'ter-on) [Gr. peaos middle + 
evrepov intestine]. The middle part of the em- 
bryonic body cavity, whence are derived the ali- 
mentary canal, lungs, liver, and pancreas. 
mesentery (mes'en-ter-e) [Gr. peaos middle + 
evrepov bowel]. The fold of peritoneum which at- 
taches the intestine to the posterior abdominal 
wall. It consists of the mesentery proper, a mem- 
brane connecting the small intestine with the 
spinal column, and the mesentery of the cecum, 
colon, and rectum, called respectively mesocolon, 
mesocecum, and mesorectum. 
mesentoderm (mes-en'to-derm). A cell-layer of the 
early embryo not yet differentiated into mesoderm 
and entoderm. 
mesentomere (mes-en'to-mer). A blastomere not 
yet divided into mesomeres and entomeres. 
mesepithelium (mes-ep-e-the'le-um). Same as 
mesothelium. 
mesiad (me'se-ad). Toward the middle; mesad. 
mesial (me'se-al) [Gr. peaos middle]. Situated in 
the middle; median; toward the middle line of the 
body or toward the center line of the dental arch. 
mesin (mes'in). Hexamethylenetetramin lithium 
citrate; a urinary antiseptic. 
mesiobuccal (me"se-o-buk'al). Pertaining to sur- 
faces between the mesial and buccal aspects of a 
tooth. 
mesioclusion (me-se-o-klu'zhun). Malocclusion 
in which the mandibular arch has an anterior rela- 
tion to the maxillary arch; anteroclusion. 
mesiodistal (me"se-o-dis'tal). Pertaining to the 
mesial and distal aspects of a tooth. 
mesiolingual (me"se-o-ling'wal). Pertaining to 
the surfaces between the mesial and lingual aspects 
of a tooth. 
mesion (me'se-on) [Gr. peaos middle]. The plane 
that divides the body into right and left symmetric 
halves. 
mesioversion (me"se-o-ver'shun). The condition 
of a tooth which is nearer than normal to the 
median line of the face. 
mesitylene (mes-it'il-en). Symmetric trimethyl- 
benzene, C6H3(CH3)3, from coal-tar. 
mesitylenic acid. C6H3(CH3)2.COOH, an oxi- 
dized form of mesitylene. 
mesityluric acid. The form in which mesilylene 
is excreted in the urine. A compound of mesit- 
ylenic acid and glycocoll, C6H3(CH3)2.CO.NH.CH2.- 
COOH. 
mesmerism (mes'mer-izm) [after Friedrich A. Mes- 
mer, 1733-1815]. Hypnotism, or animal magnetism. 
mesmeromania (mes"mer-o-ma'ne-ah) [mesmer- 
ism + Gr. pavla madness]. Insane devotion to 
mesmerism. 
meso- [Gr. peaos middle]. 1. A prefix signifying 
"middle," either situated in the middle or moderate. 
2. In chemistry, a prefix signifying inactive or 
without effect on polarized light. 
meso-appendicitis (mes"o-ap-en-di-si'tis). In- 
flammation of the meso-appendix. 
meso-appendix (mes"o-ap-en'diks) [Gr. peaos 
middle + appendix]. The mesentery of the ap- 
pendix; the peritoneal fold which connects the 
appendix to the ileum. 
mesoarial (mes-o-a're-al). Pertaining to the meso- 
arium. 
mesoarium (mes-o-a're-um). See mesovarium. 
mesobacteria (mes"o-bak-te're-ah). Bacteria of 
a medium size. 
mesoblast (mes'o-blast) [Gr. peaos middle 4- /3Xaa- 
r6s germ]. The middle of the three layers of the 
primitive embryo. It is derived from the ecto- 
derm and entoderm, and develops into the skin 
and connective-tissue structures, the bones, mus- 
cles, organs of excretion, and internal genitals, 
paraxial m., the mesoblast surrounding the 
neuraxis. 
mesoblastema (mes"o-blas-te'mah). The cells 
composing the mesoblast. 
mesoblastic (mes-o-blas'tik). Pertaining to or 
derived from the mesoblast. 
mesobronchitis (mes"o-brong-ki'tis) [Gr. jueaos 
middle + bronchitis]. Inflammation of the middle 
coat of the bronchi. 
mesocardia (mes-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. peaos middle + 
Kapbia heart]. Location of the heart in the middle 
line of the thorax. 
mesocardium (mes-o-kar'de-um) [Gr. peaos middle 
+ Kapbla heart], A membrane connecting the em- 
bryonic heart with the body-wall in front and the 
intestine behind; also that part of the pericardium 
which is attached around the great arteries and 
veins of the heart and connects them with the sur- 
rounding parts. 
mesocarpal (mes-o-kar'pal). Same as midcarpal. 
mesocecal (mes-o-se'kal). Pertaining to the 
mesocecum. 
mesocecum, mesocaecum (mes-o-se'kum) [Gr. 
peer os middle + cecum], The peritoneal fold which 
gives attachment to the cecum. 
mesocele, mesocoelia (mes'o-sel, mes-o-se'le-ah) 
[Gr. peaos middle + KoiXia hollow]. The aque- 
duct of Sylvius. 
mesocephalic (mes"o-sef-al'ik). i. Pertaining to 
the mesocephalon. 2. Same as mesaticephalic. 
mesocephalon (mes-o-sef'al-on). 1. See mesen- 
cephalon. 2. The pons varolii. 
mesochondrium (mes-o-kon'dre-um) [Gr. peaos 
middle + xovbpos cartilage]. The matrix in which 
are embedded the cellular elements of hyaline car- 
tilage. 
mesococcus (mes-o-kok'us). A bacterial granule 
larger than a micrococcus and smaller than a 
megacoccus. 
mesocoelia (mes-o-se'le-ah). The cavity of the 
mesencephalon. 
mesocolic (mes-o-kol'ik). Pertaining to the meso- 
colon. 
mesocolon (mes-o-ko'lon, mes-ok'o-lon) [Gr. peaos 
middle + koXov, k&Xov colon]. The process of 
peritoneum by which the colon is attached to 
the posterior abdominal wall. It is divided into 
an ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid 
section, according to the portion of the colon to 
which it is attached. 
mesocolopexy (mes-o-ko'lo-peks-e) [mesocolon 4- 
Gr. irfjips fixation]. Same as mesocoloplication. 
mesocoloplication (mes-o-ko"lo-pli-ka'shun) 
[mesocolon + plication]. The operation of folding 
and suturing the mesocolon to limit the mobility 
of the bowel. 
mesocord (mes'o-kord). An umbilical cord ad- 
herent to the placenta by a connecting fold of 
the amnion: more correctly, the connecting fold 
itself. 
mesocuneiform (mes-o-ku'ne-if-orm). The mid- 
dle cuneiform bone. 
mesocyst (mes'o-sist) [Gr. peaos middle + Kbaris 
bladder]. The layer of peritoneum attaching 
the gall-bladder to the liver. 
mesocyte (mes'o-sit) [Gr. peaos middle 4- kvtos 
cell]. Same as mesolymphocyte. 
mesocytoma (mes-o-si-to'mah) [Gr. peaos middle 
+ kvtos cell + -co pa tumor], A connective- 
tissue tumor; a sarcoma. 
mesoderm (mes'o-derm) [Gr. peaos middle + Seppa 
skin]. See mesoblast. 
mesodermic (mes-o-der'mik). Pertaining to the 
mesoderm. mesodiastolic (mes"o-di-as-tol'ik) [Gr. peaos mid- 
dle 4- diastole]. Pertaining to the middle of the 
diastole. 
mesodmitis (mes-od-mi'tis) [Gr. peabbprj partition]. 
Inflammation of the mediastinum. 
mesodont (mes'o-dont) [Gr. peaos middle 4- 
bbovs tooth]. Having medium-sized teeth. 
mesoduodenal (mes-o-du-o-de'nal). Pertaining to 
the mesoduodenum. 
mesoduodenum (mes"o-du-o-de'num) [Gr. peaos 
middle 4- duodenum]. The fold which in early 
or fetal life, and sometimes persistently, connects 
the duodenum to the abdominal wall. 
meso-epididymis (mes-o-ep-e-did'im-is). A fold 
of tunica vaginalis that sometimes connects the 
epididymis with the testicle. 
mesogaster (mes-o-gas'ter) [Gr. peaos middle 4- 
yaarrip belly]. Same as midgut. 
mesogastric (mes-o-gas'trik). Pertaining to the 
mesogastrium. 
mesogastrium (mes-o-gas'tre-um) [Gr. peaos mid- 
dle 4- yaaTrjp belly]. The mesentery of the em- 
bryonic stomach, whence the great omentum is 
developed. 
mesoglutseus (mes-o-glu-te'us). The gluteus 
medius muscle. 
mesognathic, mesognathous (mes-og-na'thik, 
mes-og'nath-us). 1. Pertaining to the mesogna- 
thion. 2. Having a gnathic index of from 98 to 103. 
mesognathion (mes-og-na'the-on) [Gr. peaos mid- 
dle 4~ yvaOos jaw]. The premaxillary bone. 
Mesogonimus (mes-o-gon'im-us). A genus of 
flukes. See Paragonimus. 
mesohyloma (mes-o-hi-lo'mah) [Gr. peaos middle 
4- vXr) matter 4- -wpa tumor]. A tissue developed 
from the mesothelium. 
mesohypoblast (mes-o-hi'po-blast). Same as mes- 
entoderm. 
meso-ileum (mes-o-il'e-um). The mesentery of 
the ileum. 
mesojejunum (mes"o-je-ju'num). The mesentery 
of the jejunum. 
mesolepidoma (mes"o-lep-id-o'mah) [Gr. peaos 
middle 4- Xeirls scale 4- -wpa tumor]. A tumor 
made up of tissue derived from the persistent 
embryonic mesothelium, atypicm., carcinoma 
of a genito-urinary organ or of a serous membrane, 
typic m., adenoma of a genito-urinary organ or 
of a serous membrane. 
mesolobus (mes-ol'o-bus) [Gr. peaos middle 4- 
Xo^bs lobe]. The corpus callosum. 
mesolymphocyte (mes-o-lim'fo-sit) [Gr. peaos 
middle 4" lymphocyte], A medium-sized lympho- 
cyte. 
mesomere (mes'o-mer) [Gr. peaos middle 4- pepos 
part]. 1. A mesoblastic somite or protovertebra. 
2. A blastomere. 
mesometritis (mes"o-met-ri'tis) [Gr. peaos middle 
4- piirpa uterus 4* -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the middle or muscular layer of the uterus. 
mesometrium (mes-o-me'tre-um) [Gr. peaos mid- 
dle 4- pyrpa uterus]. 1. The middle layer of 
the uterus; the myometrium. 2. [B N A] The broad 
ligaments. 
mesomula (mes-om'u-lah) [Gr. peaos middle 4- 
awpa body]. An early stage of the embryo, when 
it consists of an epithelial mesoderm and entoderm 
inclosing a mass of mesenchyma. 
meson (mes'on) [Gr. peaos middle]. Same as 
mesion. 
mesonasal (mes-o-na'zal). Situated in the middle 
of the nose. 
mesonephric (mes-o-nef'rik). Pertaining to the 
mesonephron. 
mesonephron, mesonephros (mes-o-nef'ron, 
mes-o-nef'ros) [Gr. peaos middle 4- vetppbs kidney]. 
The wolffian body. See under body. 
MESODIASTOLIC 
657 
mesoneuritis (mes"o-nu-ri'tis) [Gr. peoos middle 
+ vevpov nerve], i. Inflammation of the substance 
of a nerve. 2. Inflammation of the lymphatics 
of a nerve, nodular m., inflammatory hyper- 
plasia of the connective tissue of a nerve, result- 
ing in nodular thickenings upon its surface. 
meso-omentum (mes"o-o-men'tum). The fold by 
which the omentum is attached to the abdominal 
wall. 
meso-ontomorph (mes-o-on'to-morf) [Gr. peer os 
middle + wv being -T poppr) shape]. A person of 
stocky build having a tendency toward hypothy- 
roidism. 
mesopexy (mes'o-peks-e). The operation of taking 
a tuck in an elongated mesentery to shorten it. 
mesopharynx (mes-o-far'inks). The oval portion 
of the pharynx. 
mesophilic (mes-o-fil'ik) [Gr. peoos middle, mod- 
erate + rpiXelv to love]. Fond of moderate tem- 
perature: said of bacteria which develop best at 
the temperature of the body-37° C. See also 
psychrophilic and thermophilic. 
mesophryon (mes-of're-on) [Gr. peaos middle + 
b<ppvs eyebrow]. The glabella or its central 
point. 
mesopneumon (mes-o-nu'mon) [Gr. peaos middle 
+ rruevpwu lung]. The fold of pleura which 
attaches the lung. 
mesoporphyrin (mes-o-por'fir-in). A crystalline 
iron-free derivative from hematin obtained by a 
process of reduction. 
mesoprosopic (mes-o-pros-o'pik) [Gr. peaos mid- 
dle + it-pbawrrov face]. Having a face of moderate 
width. 
mesopsychic (mes-o-si'kik). Pertaining to the 
middle period of mental development. 
mesorachischisis (mes"o-rak-is'kis-is) [Gr. peaos 
middle 4- rachischisis}. Partial rachischisis; par- 
tial fissure of the spinal cord. 
mesorchial (mes-or'ke-al). Pertaining to the 
mesorchium. 
mesorchium (mes-or'ke-um) [Gr. peaos middle 4- 
opxis testis]. The peritoneal fold which holds the 
fetal testicle in place. 
mesorectum (mes-o-rek'tum) [Gr. peaos middle + 
rectum]. [B N A] The mesentery of the rectum; the 
fold of peritoneum connecting the upper portion 
of the rectum with the sacrum. 
mesoretina (mes-o-ret'in-ah) [Gr. peaos middle 4- 
retina]. The middle layer of the retina. 
mesorhine (mes'or-In) [Gr. peaos middle 4- pls 
nose], Having a nasal index between 470 and 51°. 
mesoropter (mes-o-rop'ter) [Gr. peaos middle + 
bpos boundary + birrrip observer]. The normal 
position of the eyes with their muscles at rest 
mesosalpinx (mes-o-sal'pinks) [Gr. peaos middle + 
aaXTriy^ tube], [B N A] The peritoneal fold that 
suspends the oviduct. 
mesoscapula (mes-o-skap'u-lah). The spine of the 
scapula. 
mesoseme (mes'o-sem) [Gr. peaos middle + appa 
sign]. Having an orbital index between 83° and 
go°. . 
mesosigmoid (mes-o-sig'moid). The fold by which 
the sigmoid flexure is attached. 
mesosigmoiditis (mes"o-sig-moi-di'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the mesosigmoid. 
mesosigmoidopexy (mes"o-sig-moi'do-pek-se) 
[mesosigmoid 4- Gr Tr^fis fixation]. The operation 
of shortening or fixing the mesosigmoid in cases of 
prolapse of the rectum. 
mesosoma (mes-o-so'mah) [Gr. peaos middle + 
aw pa body]. Medium stature. 
mesosomatous (mes-o-so'mat-us). Having me- 
dium stature. 
mesostate (mes'o-stat) [Gr. peaos middle + arav 
to stand]. Any product of metabolism which rep- 
MESOSTATE resents an intermediate stage in the formation of 
another product. 
mesosternum (mes-o-ster'num) [Gr. peaos middle 
+ arepvov sternum]. The body of the sternum; 
the gladiolus. 
mesosyphilis (mes-o-sif'il-is). Secondary syphilis, 
mesosystolic (mes"o-sis-tol'ik) [Gr. peaos middle 
+ avaroXi) systole]. Pertaining to the middle of 
the systole. 
mesotan (mes'o-tan). A dark yellowish fluid, the 
methyloxymethyl ester of salicylic acid, C6H4- 
(OHj.CC^.CCHji.O.CHs): used locally, as a counter- 
irritant, in the treatment of gout and rheumatism; 
diluted with 1 to 4 parts of olive oil or cotton- 
seed oil and painted over the affected part. 
meso tarsal (mes-o-tar'sal). Same as midtarsal. 
mesotendon (mes-o-ten'don). The delicate con- 
nective tissue membrane attaching a tendon to its 
fibrous sheath. 
meso tenon (mes-o-ten'on). Mesotendon. 
mesothelial (mes-o-the'le-al). Pertaining to the 
mesothelium. 
mesothelioma (mes"o-the-le-o'mah). A tumor de- 
veloped from mesothelial tissue. * 
mesothelium (mes-o-the'le-um) [Gr. pea os middle 
+ epithelium}. That part of the mesoblast 
whence the serous cavities and muscles are de- 
veloped. It is formed by the development of 
sacs from the archenteron, which become sepa- 
rated by constriction to form closed cavities 
(somites') between the epiblast and hypoblast. 
mesothenar (mes-oth'en-ar) [Gr. pecros middle -f- 
Otvap palm]. The adductor pollicis muscle. 
meso thorium (mes-o-tho're-um). A disintegra- 
tion product of thorium, intermediate between 
thorium and radiothorium and isotopic with ra- 
dium. It has radio-active properties and has been 
used in the treatment of cancer. 
mesotropic (mes-o-trop'ik). Situated in the mid- 
dle of a cavity, as the abdomen. 
mesoturbinal, mesoturbinate (mes-o-ter'bin- 
al, mes-o-ter'bin-at). The middle turbinal bone. 
meso-uranic (mes"o-u-ran'ik) [Gr. pea os middle 
+ ovpavbs palate]. Having a palate index be- 
tween no° and 115°. 
mesovarium (mes-o-va're-um). [B N A] The per- 
itoneal fold which holds the ovary in place. 
mesoxalyl urea. See alloxan. 
meta- [Gr. pera. beyond, over]. A prefix indi- 
cating-(1) Change, transformation, or exchange; 
(2) after or next; (3) the 1:3 position in derivatives 
of benzene. 
meta-amidophenylparamethoxychinolin. An 
antiperiodic and antipyretic agent. Dose, 4-8 
gr. (0.2-0.5 gm.). 
meta-arthritic (met-ah-ar-thrit'ik). Occurring 
as a consequence or result of arthritis. 
metabasis (met-ab'as-is) [Gr. pera beyond + Palveiv 
to go]. 1. A change from one disease to another. 
2. Metastasis, or a change in the seat of a dis- 
ease. 
metabiosis (met"ah-bi-o'sis) [Gr. pera with + 
^Icoais way of life]. The dependence of one organ- 
ism upon another for its existence. 
metabolic (met-ah-bol'ik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of a metabolism. 
metabolimeter (met-ah-bo-lim'et-er) [metabolism 
+ Gr. perpov measure]. An apparatus for measur- 
ing basal metabolism. 
metabolimetry (met-ah-bo-lim'et-re). The meas- 
urement of basal metabolism. 
metabolin (met-ab'o-lin). Any product of met- 
abolism. 
metabolism (met-ab'o-lizm) [Gr. peraPoXi) change]. 
Tissue change; the sum of all the physical and 
chemical processes by which living organized sub- 
stance is produced and maintained (substance ■ 
MESOSTERNUM 
658 
metabolism or anabolism), and also the transforma- 
tion by which energy is made available for the uses 
of the organism (energy metabolism, katabolic m., or. 
catabolism), basal m., the minimal heat produced 
by an individual measured from fourteen to eigh- 
teen hours after eating and when the individual is 
at rest, but not asleep. The measurement of basal 
metabolism is made by means of a calorimeter, 
and is expressed in calories per hour per square 
meter of body surface. Called also basal metabolic 
rate, constructive m., anabolism; the change 
of matter from a lower to a higher state of organ- 
ization; especially conversion of matter into pro- 
toplasm. destructive m., catabolism; the con- 
version of matter, especially protoplasm, into a 
lower state of organization, and ultimately into 
waste-products, energy m. See metabolism. 
substance m. See metabolism. 
metabolite (met-ab'o-lit). Any substance pro- 
duced by metabolism. 
metabolizable (met-ab'o-li-zab-1). Capable of 
being transformed by metabolism. 
metabolon (met-ab'o-lon). A form of matter 
having only a temporary existence, formed by the 
disintegration of radio-active substances. 
metabolor (met-a-bo'lor). An instrument for 
measuring the basal metabolic rate. 
metacarpal (met-ah-kar'pal). Pertaining to the 
metacarpus. 
metacarpophalangeal (met-ah-kar"po-fal-an'je- 
al). Pertaining to the metacarpus and pha- 
langes. 
metacarpus (met-ah-kar'pus) [Gr. juera after + 
Kapiros wrist]. The group of five cylindric bones 
extending from the carpus to the fingers; also 
that part of the hand in which these bones are 
placed. 
metacasein (met-ah-ka'se-in). An intermediate 
product formed in the conversion of caseinogen 
into casein by the action of pancreatic juice. 
metacele, metaccele (met'ah-sel, met-ah-se'le) 
[Gr. pera beyond + KoiXla hollow]. That space 
which, with the epiccele, makes up the fourth ven- 
tricle of the brain. 
metacetin (met-as'et-in). Para-acetanisidin: an 
antiseptic and antipyretic. 
metacetone (met-as'et-on). Diethylketone, CO- 
(C2H6)2. 
metachemic, metachemical (met"ah-kem'ik, 
met"ah-kem'ik-al). Beyond the bounds of chem- 
istry. 
metachloral (met-ah-klo'ral). Insoluble chloral, 
a strong antiseptic: used externally and in sup- 
positories. 
metachromasia, metachromatism (met"ah- 
kro-ma'ze-ah, met-ah-kro'mat-izm) [Gr. pera change 
+ XP^MU color], i. Staining in which the same 
stain colors different tissues in different tints. 2. 
The change of color produced by staining. 
metachromatic bodies (met-ah-kro-mat'ik), See 
under body. 
metachromatin (met-ah-kro'mat-in). The baso- 
phil element in chromatin. 
metachromic (met-ah-kro'mik). Staining in a 
tint different from that of the stain employed. 
metachromisin (met-ah-kro'mis-in) [Gr. yera be- 
yond + xP^/xa color]. The condition in which 
a stain colors the various elements of the same 
tissue differently. 
metachromophil, metachromophile (met-ah- 
kro'mo-fil, -fil) [Gr. pera. beyond + xpaipa color + 
<piXeiv to love]. Staining in an abnormal manner 
with a given stain. 
metachrosis (met-ak-ro'sis) [Gr. pera over + 
XP&tris coloring]. Change of color. 
metachysis (met-ak'is-is) [Gr. pera beyond + 
Xvais effusion]. The transfusion of blood. 
metacinesis (met"ah-sin-e'sis) [Gr. pera beyond 
METACINESIS + KivT)<rt.s motion]. The separation of daughter- 
stars from each other. 
metacceloma (met"ah-se-lo'mah). That part of 
the embryonic coelom which develops into the 
pleuroperitoneal cavity. 
metacone (met'ak-6n) [Gr. pera behind + k&pos 
cone]. The distobuccal cusp of an upper molar 
tooth. 
metaconid (met-ak-on'id). The mesiolingual cusp 
of a lower molar tooth. 
metaconule (met-ak-on'ul). The distal inter- 
mediate cusp of an upper molar tooth. 
metacresalol (met-ah-kre'sal-ol). See under cre- 
salol. 
metacresol (met-ah-kre'sol). One of the three 
isomeric forms of cresol, and the most strongly 
antiseptic of the group, m. oxalate, kresosteril. 
metacresol-anitol (met"ah-kres-ol-an'it-ol). An 
insoluble compound of metacresol (40 per cent.) 
and anitin (60 per cent.): an effective bactericide. 
metacresol-cinnamic acid ester. A crystalline 
agent: recommended for use in tuberculosis. 
metagaster (met-ah-gas'ter) [Gr. pera after + 
yaariip belly]. The permanent intestinal canal 
of the embryo. 
rnetagastrula (met-ah-gas'tru-lah) [Gr. pera be- 
yond + gastrula]. A gastrula with a cleavage 
differing from that of the standard type. 
metagelatin (met-ah-jel'at-in). A substance pro- 
duced by treating gelatin with oxalic acid. 
metagenesis (met-ah-jen'es-is) [Gr. pera after + 
genesis]. Alternation of generation. 
metagglutinin (met-ag-lu'tin-in). An agglutinin 
present in an agglutinative serum which acts on 
organisms that are closely related to the specific 
antigen and in a lower dilution. Called also 
partial agglutinin and minor agglutinin. 
metaglobulin (met-ah-glob'u-lin). A fibrogenous 
substance occurring in cell-protoplasm; fibrinogen. 
Metagon'imus yokogaw'ai. An intestinal nema- 
tode found in man and in mammals in Japan. It 
resembles Heterophes. 
metagrippal (met-ah-grip'al). Occurring as an 
after-result of influenza. 
meta-icteric (met"ah-ik-ter'ik). Occurring after 
jaundice. 
meta-infective (met-ah-in-fek'tiv). Occurring 
after an infection; a term applied to a febrile state 
occurring during convalescence from an infectious 
disease. 
meta - iodo - ortho - oxyquinolin - sulphonic 
acid. (CH)3N(OH).C6HI.SO2OH. Same as lore- 
tin. 
metakinesis (met"ah-kin-e'sis). 1. Same as meta- 
cinesis. 2. Lloyd Morgan's term for the hypo- 
thetical property possessed by all types of life of 
being endowed with something which is not con- 
sciousness, but which has the potentiality of de- 
veloping into consciousness. 
metal (met'al) [L. metal'lum; Gr. peraWop]. Any 
element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, 
and conductivity of electricity and heat, alkali 
m., any one of the sodium group of basylous 
elements, colloidal m., a colloidal solution of a 
metal. See electrosol. d'Arcet's m., an alloy 
of lead, bismuth, and tin: used in dentistry. 
Wood's m., a metal used in making casts of 
blood-vessels: bismuth, 50 per cent.; lead, 25 per 
cent.; tin, 12.5 per cent.; cadmium, 12.5 per cent. 
metalbumin (met-al-bu'min) [meta- + albumin]. 
Same as pseudomucin. 
metaldehyd (met-al'de-hid). A crystalline body, 
a polymer of acetaldehyd, (CHs.CHOjs: antiseptic. 
Dose, 2-8 gr. (0.133-0.533 gm.). 
metallesthesia (met-al-es-the'ze-ah) [metal + Gr. 
alfffhpns sensation]. The recognition of metals by 
the sense of touch. 
METACCELOMA 
659 
metallic (met-al'ik). Pertaining to or made of 
metal. 
metallocyanid (met-al-o-si'an-id). A compound 
of cyanogen with a metal. 
metalloid (met'al-oid) [Gr. peraXXou metal + eibos 
form], i. Any non-metallic element. 2. Any 
metallic element that has not all the characters 
of a typical metal. 3. Resembling a metal. 
metallophobia (met-al-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. peTaWop 
metal + <po/3os fear]. Insane fear of metals and 
metal objects. 
metalloplastic (met"al-o-plas'tik). Pertaining to 
the plastic use of metals. 
metalloscopy (met-al-os'ko-pe) [Gr. peraWop 
metal + aKoirdip to view]. Observation of the 
effects of applying metal to the body. 
metallo therapy (met"al-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. peraXXop 
metal + OepaireveLP to heal]. The treatment of 
disease by applying metals to the integument. 
metallurgy (met-al-ur'je) [L. metallum + Gr. epyop 
work]. The science and art of using metals. 
metal-sol. A colloidal solution of a metal. Such 
solutions have properties similar to those of en- 
zymes, and are therefore sometimes called inorganic 
enzymes. 
metamere (met'am-er) [Gr. pera across -T pepos 
part]. A primitive segment or protovertebra. 
metameric (met-ah-mer'ik). Characterized by 
metamerism. 
metamerid (met-am'er-id). Any metameric sub- 
stance. 
metamerism (met-am'er-izm). 1. Isomerism in 
which the component elements are identical, 
while the structural arrangement is not the 
same. 2. Arrangement in metameres or seg- 
ments. 
metamorphopsia (met"ah-mor-fop'se-ah)[Gr. pera 
across + pop^y form + 01^1 s sight]. A state of 
the eye in which objects looked at seem to be 
distorted, m. va'rians, metamorphopsia in 
which the distorted outline of the object looked at 
seems to change. 
metamorphosis (met-ah-mor'fo-sis) [Gr. pera 
across + pop^i] form]. Change of shape or 
structure; particularly a transition from one de- 
velopmental stage to another, fatty m., fatty 
degeneration. See degeneration, ovulational 
m., the developmental changes which occur during 
ovulation, retrogressive m., retrograde m., 
a degeneration: more often a retrograde metabolic 
change, revisionary m. See calaplasia. vis- 
cous m., the massing of blood-plaques in throm- 
bosis. 
metamorphotic (met-ah-mor-fot'ik). Pertaining 
to or characterized by metamorphosis. 
metamyelocyte (met"ah-mi'el-o-sit) [Gr. pera be- 
yond + myelocyte]. A transitional form of myelo- 
cyte intermediate between the myelocyte and the 
granular leukocyte. 
metanephron, metanephros (met-ah-nef'ron, 
met-ah-nef'ros) [Gr. pera after + petppbs kidney]. 
The permanent embryonic kidney, which de 
velops after and behind the mesonephros, from the 
mesonephric duct and nephrogenic cord. 
metaneutrophil (met-ah-nu'tro-fil) [Gr. pera be- 
yond neutrophil]. Staining abnormally with 
neutral stains. 
metanilin yellow (extra) (met-an'il-in). A dye, 
metasulphobenzeneazodiphenylamin. It is used 
as an indicator and has a Ph range of 1.2 to 2.3, 
being red at 1.2 and yellow at 2.3. 
metanucleus (met-ah-nu'kle-us) [meta- -T nu- 
cleus]. The egg-nucleus after its extrusion from 
the germinal vesicle. 
metapeptone (met-ah-pep'ton) [meta-|- peptone]. 
A digestive product between dyspeptone and 
parapeptone. 
metaphase (met'af-az) [Gr. pera after + phase]. 
The middle stage of mitosis during which the 
METAPHASE METAPHYSEAL 
660 
METEPENCEPHALON 
lengthwise splitting of the chromosomes in the 
equatorial plate occurs. See mitosis. 
metaphyseal (met-ah-fiz'e-al). Pertaining to a 
metaphysis. 
metaphysis (met-af'is-is) [Gr. perb. after 4- <pb<ns 
nature]. 1. The end of the diaphysis of a long bone 
where it joins the epiphysis. Cf. diaphysis and 
epiphysis. 2. Metamorphosis. 
metaplasia (met-ah-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. pera after 4- 
irXaaaeiP to form]. The change of one kind of 
tissue into another; also the production of tissue by 
cells which normally produce tissue of another sort. 
metaplasis (met-ap'las-is). The stage in which the 
organism has attained completed growth. 
metaplasm (met'ah-plazm) [Gr. pera after 4* 
irXaapa something formed]. The inanimate par- 
ticles (as starch, deutoplasm, etc.) inclosed in pro- 
toplasm. 
metaplastic (met-ah-plas'tik). Formed by or of 
the nature of metaplasm. 
metaplexus (met-ah-pleks'us). The choroid plexus 
of the fourth ventricle. 
metapneumonic (met"ah-nu-mon'ik) [Gr. pera. 
after 4- pneumonia]. Succeeding or following 
pneumonia. 
metapophysis (met-ah-pof'is-is) [Gr. pera after 4- 
apophysis]. The mammillary process on the 
superior articular or prearticular processes of 
certain vertebrae. 
metapore (met'ah-pbr). The foramen of Ma- 
gendie. 
metaprotein (met-ah-pro'te-in). A product of 
the action of an acid or alkali on a protein, re- 
sulting in a compound soluble in very weak acids 
and alkalis, but insoluble in neutral fluids. 
metapsyche (met-ap-si'ke) [Gr. pera after 4- 
\pvxv soul]. The metencephalon. 
metapsychics (met-ah-si'kiks) [Gr. pera across 4- 
ipvxv mind]. The psychic phenomena that are 
beyond the realm of consciousness. 
metapyretic (met"ah-pi-ret'ik) [Gr. pera after 4- 
Trvperbs fever]. Performed or occurring after the 
advent (otherwise after the decline) of septic 
fever. 
metargon (met-ar'gon). A name given to a gaseous 
element which exists in a very small proportion in 
the atmosphere. Not now used. 
metasol (met'as-ol). A proprietary solution (1 and 
2 per cent.) of metacresol-anitol: used as a germi- 
cide and disinfectant. 
metasomatome (met-as-o'mat-6m). One of the 
constrictions between successive protovertebra. 
metastable (met'ah-sta-bl). Not entirely stable; 
changing from one condition to another under the 
proper stimulus. 
metastasis (met-as'tas-is) [Gr. pera. after 4- araais 
stand]. The transfer of disease from one organ 
or part to another not directly connected with it. 
calcareous m., the formation of bone salts in 
the kidneys in softening of bone, crossed m., 
passage of material from the venous to the arterial 
circulation without going through the lungs, 
direct m., metastasis in the direction of the blood 
or lymph-stream, implantation m., metas- 
tasis along a free surface, paradoxic m., retro- 
grade m., metastasis taking place in a direction 
opposite to that of the blood-stream, trans- 
plantation m., metastasis from one tissue to 
another. 
metastasize (met-as'tas-iz). To form new foci of 
disease in a distant part by metastasis. 
metastatic (met-ah-stat'ik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of metastasis. 
metastemum (met-ah-ster'num) [Gr. pera after 4- 
areppop sternum]. The ensiform cartilage. 
Metastrongylus (met-ah-stron'gil-us). A genus of 
nematodes of the family Strongylidae. M. a'pri, a 
species found in the lungs of hogs and occasionally 
in man. 
metasyncrisis (met-ah-sin'kris-is). The elimina- 
tion of waste or morbid matter, as by the pores. 
metasyphilis (met-ah-sif'il-is) [Gr. /xera after 4- 
syphilis}. Congenital syphilis with general de- 
generation and with no appreciable local lesions. 
metasyphilitic (met"ah-sif-il-it'ik). i. Following 
or resulting from syphilis. 2. Pertaining to heredi- 
tary syphilis. 
metatarsalgia (met"ah-tar-sal'je-ah) [Gr. /xera 
after + rapabs tarsus + aXyos pain]. Pain in 
the metatarsus. 
metatarsophalangeal (met-ah-tar"so-fal-an'je- 
al). Pertaining to the metatarsus and phalanges. 
metatarsus (met-ah-tar'sus) [Gr. pera beyond + 
rapabs tarsus]. The part of the foot between the 
tarsus and the toes. 
metatela (met-ah-tel'ah). The tela choroidea of 
the fourth ventricle. 
metathalamus (met-ah-thal'am-us). [B N A] The 
posterior portion of the thalamus, comprising the 
internal and external geniculate bodies. 
metathesis (met-ath'es-is) [Gr. pera beyond 4- 
0eats placement], I. The artificial transfer of a 
morbid process. 2. A chemical reaction in which 
an element or radical in one compound exchanges 
places with another element or radical in another 
compound. 
metathrombin (met-ah-throm'bin) [Gr. pera 
change 4- thrombin]. A hypothetical substance 
into which thrombin changes on standing, and 
which may be again activated into thrombin by 
the action of alkalies or acids. 
metatroph (met'at-rof). A saprophyte. 
metatrophia, metatrophy (met-at-ro'fe-ah, met- 
at'ro-fe). Atrophy from malnutrition. 
metatrophic (met-at-rof'ik) [Gr. pera. beyond 4- 
rpo^pri nutrition]. Utilizing organic matter for 
food. 
metatypic (met-ah-tip'ik). Composed of the 
elements of the tissue on which it develops, but 
having those elements arranged in an atypic 
manner: said of tumors. 
metavanadate (met-ah-van'ad-at). Any salt of 
metavanadic acid, sodium m., a highly poison- 
ous salt. In doses of sfoy-riff gr. it stimulates 
nutrition and improves various cachectic states. 
Metazoa (met-ah-zo'ah) [Gr. pera beyond + ^wop 
animal]. That division of the animal kingdom 
the members of which are characterized by seg- 
mentation of the ovum. It includes all animals 
except the protozoa. 
metazonal (met-ah-zo'nal). Situated after or 
below a sclerozone. 
Metchnikof. See Metschnikof. 
metecious, metoecious (met-e'shus) [Gr. pera. 
beyond + olkos house]. Heterecious. 
metencephal (met-en'sef-al). The metencephalon. 
metencephalic (met-en-sef-al'ik). Pertaining to 
the metencephalon. 
metencephalon (met-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. pera after 
+ eyneipaXos brain]. 1. [BN A] The hindbrain: 
that part of the embryonic brain whence the pons 
and the cerebellum are developed. It is the ante- 
rior part of the rhombencephalon or posterior 
cerebral vesicle. 2. The cerebellum. 
metencephalospinal (met-en-sef"al-o-spi'nal). 
Pertaining to the metencephalon (cerebellum) and 
the spinal cord. 
meteorism (me'te-or-izm) [Gr. perewpi^eLP to raise 
up]. Tympanites; gas in the abdomen or in- 
testine. 
meteorology (me-te-or-ol'o-je) [Gr. perewpos high 
in the air + Xbyos treatise]. The science of the 
atmosphere and its phenomena. 
metepencephalon (met"ep-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. pera 
after 4- eiri upon 4~ iyneipaXos brain]. Same as 
myelencephalon. meter (me'ter) [Gr. perpov measure; Fr. metre]. A 
measure of length: 39.371 inches, m.-angle, the 
angle of visual axes when viewing a point one 
meter distant. 
metergasis (met-er-ga'sis) [Gr. per a change + 
epyov work]. Change of function. 
methacetin (meth-as'et-in). C6H4.OCH3.NH.- 
CH3CO, in colorless or reddish, tasteless, scaly 
crystals, sparingly soluble in water, easily soluble 
in alcohol. It is used chiefly in children's diseases. 
Dose, |-8 gr. (0.03-0.5 gm.). 
methaform (meth'af-orm). A proprietary prepara- 
tion identical with Chloretone. See chloretone. 
methal (meth'al). Myristic alcohol, a compound 
existing in spermaceti, but not yet isolated. 
methanal (meth'an-al). Same as formaldehyd. 
methane (meth'an). Marsh-gas, CH4, a colorless, 
odorless, inflammable gas, produced by the de- 
composition of organic matter. 
methanol (meth'an-ol). Methyl alcohol. 
methanolysis (meth-an-ol'is-is). Alcoholysis of 
methyl alcohol. 
Methanomonas (meth-an-om'o-nas). A genus of 
bacterial organisms capable of growing in the 
absence of organic matter. They obtain their 
energy for growth from the oxidation of methane to 
carbon dioxid and water. 
methemoglobin, metahemoglobin (meth"em- 
o-glo'bin, met"ah-hem"o-glo'bin). 1. A modi- 
fication of oxyhemoglobin discoverable in the 
blood after large doses of acetanilid, carbon di- 
oxid, etc. It has the same composition as hemo- 
globin, but its oxygen is said to be more firmly 
united.. It may be formed from hemoglobin by 
treating the latter with potassium chlorate, 
sodium nitrate, etc. 2. A therapeutic product of 
the oxidation of hemoglobin. 
methemoglobinemia (meth"em-o-glo-bin-e'me- 
ah) [methemoglobin + Gr. al pa blood]. The ab- 
normal presence of methemoglobin in the blood. 
methemoglob inuria (meth"em-o-glo-bin-u're-ah) 
[methemoglobin + Gr. ovpov urine]. The occur- 
rence of methemoglobin in the urine. 
methene (meth'en). Same as methylene. 
methenyl (meth'en-il). Same as formyl. 
methethyl (meth-eth'il). A local anesthetic mix- 
ture of methyl and ethyl chlorids and chloroform. 
method (meth'ud) [Gr. peOobos]. The manner of 
performing any act or operation. For various 
methods of treatment, see treatment; for methods of 
staining, see under stains and staining. Abbott's 
m., treatment of scoliosis by lateral pulling and 
counterpulling on the spinal column by means of 
wide bandages and pads until the deformity is 
overcorrected, and then applying a plaster jacket 
to produce pressure, counterpressure, and fixation 
of the spine in its corrected position, absorption 
m., the separate addition to agglutinative sera of 
the various bacteria in the group to remove sepa- 
rately the partial agglutinins, aceto-acetic acid, 
m. for. See diacetic acid, m. for, under method. 
acetone, m. for. See Folin's m. (1), Folin and 
Hart's m., Messenger and Huppert's m., Shafer and 
Marriott's m., Scott and Wilson's m., under method. 
Achard-Castaigne m., the methylene-blue 
test, adrenalin, m. for. See Folin, Cannon 
and Denis' m., under method, m. of agglutina- 
tion. See absorption m., Bordon's m., Ficker's m., 
and Kolle and Pfeifer's m. albumen in urine, 
m. for. See Esbach's m., Folin and Denis' m. (1), 
Kwilecki's m., Scherer's m., under method, alkali 
reserve, m. for. See van Slyke and Cullen's m. 
(1), under method, allantoin, m. for. See 
Folin's m. (9), Plimmer and Skelton's m., Wiechow- 
ski's m., under method, amino-acid nitrogen, 
m. for. See nitrogen, m. for, under method. 
ammonia nitrogen, m. for. See nitrogen, 
ammonia, m's for, under method. Amoss and 
Wollstein's m., for the rapid production of 
METER 
661 
antimeningococcus serum by the intravenous in- 
jection alternately of living germs and autolysed 
products of them, anaerobic m. See Buchner's 
m., Esbach's m., Hauser's m., Liborious m., Mc- 
Intosh and Fildes' m., Roux's m., Wright's m. m. 
for (testing) antiseptics. See garnet m., 
Rideal-Walker m., thread m. m. for (producing) 
antisera. See Amoss and Wollstein's m., Flexner 
and Amoss's m., Flexner and Jobbing's in., Kraus 
and Doerr's m., Kruse and Shiga's m. Arnold and 
Gunning's m. (for total nitrogen): A modified 
form of the Kjeldahl process; for urine. Aron- 
son's m., volatilizing formaldehyd gas from the 
solid polymer, trioxymethylene, by heat. Austin 
and van Slyke's m. (for chlorids in whole, blood): 
Lake the blood with distilled water, precipitate the 
proteins with picric acid, and then proceed as in 
McLean and van Slyke's method for chlorids in 
oxalated plasma. Autenrieth and Funk's 
m. (for cholesterol): Boil the blood or serum to 
saponify the fats. Extract with chloroform and 
evaporate the chloroform. Make a Liebermann- 
Burchard's test on the residue and compare it 
with a standard solution of cholesterol. Bac- 
celli's m. i. Treatment of tetanus by injections 
of carbolic acid. 2. Treatment of aneurysm by in- 
troduction of a watch-spring into the sac by means 
of a trocar. Baer's m., prevention of the reform- 
ing of adhesions by the injection of sterilized oil 
into an ankylosed joint. Bang's m. 1. (Ivar 
Bang) Estimation of the quantities of the sugar, 
albumin, urea, etc., in the blood by examination of 
a few drops only collected on blotting-paper. 
Bang's m. 2. (for glucose): To an excess of the 
boiling reagent (an alkaline solution of copper thio- 
cyanate) add the urine and titrate the excess of 
copper thiocyanate with hydroxylamin sulphate. 
Bang's micro-m. (for glucose): Boil the urine 
with an excess of the reagent (KHCO3, 160 gm.; 
K2CO3, 100 gm.; KC1, 66 gm.; CUSO4.5H2O, 4.4 
gm.; and water to 1 liter) and titrate excess of 
CuCl with a solution of iodin, using starch as an 
indicator. (B L. F. Bang) Prevention of the 
spread of bovine tuberculosis by isolation of the 
affected cows, and by removal of the calves of 
affected cows as soon as they are born and feeding 
them with milk of healthy cows. Barber's m., 
a method for the direct isolation of a single micro- 
organism. The organism is drawn into a mechan- 
ically operated pipet while under observation in the 
field of microscope. Barety's m., an extension 
method for treating hip disease and fracture of the 
thigh. Bastianelli's m., sterilization of the skin 
of the patient previous to operation with a 1 : 1000 
benzin solution of iodin, followed by a 50 per cent, 
tincture of iodin. Behring's m., a method 
producing active immunity in the patient by the 
injection of mixtures of diphtheria toxin and anti- 
toxin that are almost neutral, and, therefore, no 
toxic effect. Benedict's m. 1. (for glucose): 
Titrate the sugar in the urine with the following 
reagent: CuSCb (crystals), 18 gm.; NaaCOs 
(crystals), 200 gm.; sodium citrate, 200 gm.; po- 
tassium thiocyanate, 125 gm.; potassium ferro- 
cyanid, 5 per cent, solution, 5 c.c.; water to make 
1 liter. 2. (for total sulphur): Add the reagent 
(crystallized copper nitrate, 200 gm.; sodium 
chlorate, 50 gm.; water to make 1 liter) to the 
urine and evaporate to dryness, ignite, take up 
in dilute hydrochloric acid, precipitate with BaCh, 
filter, dry, and weigh. 3. (for urea): The urea is 
hydrolysed to ammonium carbonate by heating 
with KHSO4 and ZnSO4, made alkaline, distilled 
into standard sulphuric acid, and the excess acid 
titrated. 4. (for uric acid): It is similar to the 
method of Folin and Denis (5), but Benedict adds 
colloidal iron after precipitation with acetic acid 
to remove the last traces of protein. Benedict 
and Denis' m. (for total sulphur): Mix the urine 
with the reagent [Cu(NOg)2, 25 gm.; NaCl, 25 gm.; 
NH4NO3, 10 gm.; and water 100 c.c.] and evaporate 
to dryness, ignite, dissolve in 10 per cent, hydro- 
chloric acid, and test for inorganic sulphates by 
METHOD Folin's method (6) q. v. Benedict and Hitch- 
cock's m. Jor uric acid): Precipitate the uric 
acid with an ammoniacal silver-magnesium solu- 
tion (3 per cent, silver lactate solution, 70 c.c.; 
magnesia mixture, 30 c.c.; concentrated ammonium 
hydroxid, 100 c.c.). Dissolve the precipitate with 
potassium cyanid, add the uric acid reagent (boil 
100 gm. of sodium tungstate and 80 c.c. of 85 per 
cent, phosphoric acid in 750 c.c. of water for two 
hours and make up to 1 liter) and sodium carbonate 
solution. Compare in colorimeter with a known 
uric acid standard. Benedict and Murlin's 
m. Jor amino-acid nitrogen by formol titration): 
Add phosphotungstic acid to the urine to pre- 
cipitate ammonia and other basic substances, 
neutralize to litmus, add formalin and titrate with 
N/10 sodium hydroxid. Berger's m., suture of 
transverse fracture of the patella. Bergonie's 
m., reduction of fat by the use of general faradiza- 
tion. Bertrand's m. Jor glucose): Boil the 
urine with alkaline copper sulphate solution, filter, 
dissolve the precipitate in an acid solution of ferric 
sulphate, and titrate with potassium permanganate. 
Besredka's m., vaccination with living micro- 
organisms. See sensitized vaccine, under vaccine. 
beta-hydroxy-butyric acid, m. for. See 
Black's m., van Slyke and Palmer's tn., under 
method. Beuttner's m., removal of the adnexa 
uteri, but with preservation of a portion of the 
ovaries and transverse cuneiform excision of the 
fundus uteri. Bivine's m., treatment of strych- 
nin-poisoning by administration of chloral hydrate. 
Black's m. Jor beta-hydroxy-butync acid): Evap- 
orate the urine to a small volume, acidify, add 
plaster of Paris to form a coarse meal, extract the 
beta-hydroxy-butyric acid with ether in a Soxhlet 
apparatus, evaporate to dryness, take up in water, 
and determine the amount by a polariscope. 
Bock and Benedict's m. Jor total nitrogen): 
It is similar to Folin and Farmer's method, except 
that the ammonia is distilled instead of aerated 
•over into the acid. Bonnaire's m., induction 
of labor by digital dilatation of the cervix. Bor- 
don's m. (of agglutination): Similar to Ficker's 
method, but the menstrum used is phenol 2.5 
parts, glycerin 50 parts, and physiologic salt solu- 
tion 450 parts. Bouchon's m., treatment of 
wounds by the application of formaldehyd fol- 
lowed by irrigation with Javel solution. Brandt ' s 
m., deep massage of the fallopian tubes for ex- 
pression of the pus in pyosalpinx. Brauer's m., 
production of artificial pneumothorax by the in- 
jection of nitrogen for the treatment of tuberculosis 
of the lung. Brazilian m., treatment of aneu- 
rysms by continuous electric current. Bres- 
lau's m., volatilizing formaldehyd from dilute 
(8 per cent.) solutions to prevent polymerization. 
Brunn's m. See Breslau's m. Buchner's 
m., a method for the anaerobic cultivation 
of bacteria in which an alkaline solution of pyro- 
gallol is placed in the container and this removes 
the oxygen by absorption. Biilav's m., treat- 
ment of purulent pleurisy bv continuous drainage 
with a special apparatus, calcium, m. for. See 
Lyman's m., McCrudden's tn., under method. 
carbon dioxid, m. for. See van Slyke and 
Cullen's m. (1), under method. Carrel's m. 1. 
A method of end-to-end suture of blood-vessels. 
2. See Dakin-Carrel m. 3. A method of deter- 
mining when to make secondary closure of wounds. 
A loop of material is taken from the wound, spread 
■on a slide, stained, and the number of bacteria 
counted, cathartic m., a method of treating 
psychoneuroses by enabling the patient, through 
properly directed questions, to bring to full con- 
sciousness the vague and unformed dread from 
which he has beep suffering. Cathelin's m., 
introduction of anesthetics into the epidural space 
through the sacrococcygeal ligament. Chaput's 
m., treatment of osteomyelitis by scraping the 
cavity and inserting fat taken from the thigh or 
abdomen, chlorids, m. for. See Austin and 
van Slyke's tn., Dehn and Clark's tn., McLean and 
METHOD 
662 
van Slyke's m., Mohr's tn., Volhard and Arnold's 
tn., Volhard and Harvey's tn., under method. Ciac- 
cio's m., treatment of tissue for the purpose of 
rendering visible the intracellular lipoids. They 
are fixed with acid chromate solution and stained 
with sudan III. Ciniselli's m., galvanopunc- 
tureof aneurysms. Claudius' m., sterilization of 
catgut by placing in a i per cent, solution of iodin- 
potassium iodid solution for a week,, creatin, 
m. for. See Folin s m. (4), Folin and Benedict's 
tn., Folin and Wu's m. (1), and Meyer's tn., under 
method, creatinin, m. for. See Shafer's m., 
under method. Crede's m. 1. A method of ex- 
pressing the placenta by resting the hand on the 
fundus uteri and gently rubbing until the placenta 
is loosened; then expelling it by firmly squeezing 
the fundus. 2. The placing of a drop of 2 per cent, 
solution of silver nitrate in each eye of a newborn 
child for the prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum, 
cubicle m., the treatment of patients with con- 
tagious disease by placing each patient in one of 
the cubicle-like compartments into which the 
ward is divided. Dakin-Carrel m., treatment 
of wounds by irrigation with Dakin's fluid. See 
Carrel treatment, under treatment. Defer's m., 
treatment of hydrocele by evacuation and cauter- 
ization of the sac with silver nitrate. Dehn and 
Clark's m. Jor chlorids): Oxidize any interfering 
organic matter with sodium peroxid and then 
proceed with Volhard and Arnold's method. 
Delbastaille's m., injection of tumors with 
osmic acid. Delore's m., manual osteoclasis for 
correcting genu valgum. Demme's m., treat- 
ment of hydrocele by injection of iodin. Denis' 
m. Jor magnesium in blood): The magnesium is 
precipitated from the protein-free blood filtrate as 
magnesium-ammonium phosphtae and the amount 
determined nephelometrically. Deventer's m., 
treatment of pelvic presentation in labor by de- 
veloping the shoulders without previously freeing 
the arms, diacetic acid, m's for. See Folin 
and Hart's tn., Scott and Wilson's. tn., van Slyke and 
Palmer's m., under method, direct m., in oph- 
thalmoscopy, that in which the ophthalmoscope is 
held close to the eye examined and an erect virtual 
image is obtained of the fundus. Duncan's m., 
autotherapy. Eggleston's m., administration 
of digitalis in large doses frequently repeated pro- 
ducing rapid digitalization. Ellinger's m. Jor 
indican): Precipitate the urine with basic lead 
acetate and filter. To the filtrate add Obermayer's 
reagent. Shake out the indigo with chloroform, 
evaporate off the chloroform, and titrate the residue 
with potassium permanganate. Epstein's m. 
(for glucose): A modification of the Lewis and Bene- 
dict method, making it possible to make the test 
with very little blood. Esbach's m., a method 
for the anaerobic cultivation of bacteria in which 
inoculated roll-tubes are set in cold water and then 
filled with melted gelatin. Esbach's m. Jor albu- 
men in urine): Precipitate the protein with picric 
acid, let precipitate settle in a graduated tube, 
and read the result, ethereal sulphates, m's- 
for. See sulphates, ethereal, under method. Fich- 
era's m. See Ficher a treatment, under treatment. 
Ficker's m. (of agglutination): Cultures of Bac- 
terium typhosum killed with formaldehyd or phenol 
are agglutinated in test-tubes by adding some of 
the patient's serum, flash m., a method of pas- 
teurizing milk whereby the milk is brought up to 
a temperature of 178° F. and chilled at once. 
Cf. holding m. Flexner and Amoss's m., for 
the rapid production of antidysenteric serum by 
the intravenous injection of living cultures or toxin 
at intervals of seven days. Flexner and Job- 
ling's m., for the preparation of antimeningococ- 
cus serum. See under serum. Folin's m. 1. Jor 
acetone): Aerate the acetone from the urine over 
into an alkaline hypoiodite solution of known 
strength. The acetone is thus changed to iodoform 
and the excess of iodin is titrated with a standard 
thiosulphate solution, using starch as an indicator. 
2. Jor acetone): Micromethod. Aerate the acetone 
METHOD METHOD 
663 
METHOD 
over into a solution of sodium bisulphite and then 
determine the amount by nephelometric comparison 
with a standard acetone solution using Scott and 
Wilson's reagent. 3. (for ammonia nitrogen): 
Sodium carbonate is added to the urine to free the 
ammonia, which is aerated into standard acid and 
titrated. 4. (for creatin): Precipitate the proteins 
of the blood with picric acid and filter. To the 
filtrate add sodium hydroxid and compare color 
with a standard solution bf creatin. 5. (for ethereal 
sulphates): Remove the inorganic sulphates with 
barium chlorid and then the conjugated sulphates 
after hydrolysing with boiling dilute hydrochloric 
acid. 6. (for inorganic sulphates): Acidify the urine 
with hydrochloric acid, precipitate with barium 
chlorid, filter, dry, ignite, and weigh. 7. (for total 
acidity): Add potassium oxalate to the urine to 
precipitate the calcium which would otherwise 
precipitate at the neutral point, and titrate with 
N/10 sodium hydroxid using phenolphthalein as an 
indicator. 8. (for total sulphates): Boil the urine for 
thirty minutes with dilute hydrochloric acid, pre- 
cipitate with barium chlorid. filter, dry, ignite, and 
weigh. 9. (for urea and allantoin): Decompose the 
urea by heating with magnesium chlorid and hy- 
drochloric acid, distil off the ammonia and titrate. 
Folin and Benedict's m. (for creatin): The 
creatinin is first determined, then the urine is 
heated with acid in an autoclave to convert the 
creatin into creatinin. Then a second determina- 
tion is made. Folin, Cannon, and Denis' 
m. (for adrenalin): Add Folin's uric acid phospho- 
tungstic reagent and sodium carbonate to the un- 
known and estimate amount by comparison of blue 
color with a standard uric acid solution similarly 
treated Folin and Denis' m. 1. (for albumin): 
Precipitate the albumin with sulphosalicylic acid 
and compare the turbidity with that of a standard 
protein solution. 2. (for non-protein nitrogen): It is 
much the same as Folin and Wu's method except 
that the proteins are removed with methyl alcohol 
and zinc chlorid. The alcohol is boiled off and the 
nitrogen changed into ammonia and nesslerized in 
the usual way. 3. (for phenols): Remove inter- 
fering substances by precipitation with ammoniac- 
silver solution and colloidal iron. To the filtrate 
add Folin's sodium phosphomolybdate reagent 
and compare the blue color with the color from a 
standard phenol solution. This gives the free 
phenols. To determine total phenols, hydrolize 
them first by boiling with dilute hydrochloric acid 
and then proceed with the test as above. 4. (for 
urea): The same as the method of Folin and 
Pettibone except that the urine is diluted twenty 
to one hundred times to prevent sugar from in- 
terfering with the test. 5. (for uric acid in blood): 
Remove the proteins by boiling acetic acid and 
then proceed with Benedict and Hitchcock's 
method. Folin and Farmer's m. (for total 
nitrogen): A modified microchemic Kjeldahl 
method for urine. Decompose the nitrogenous 
bodies with sulphuric acid as usual, add alkali, 
aerate the ammonia over into standard acid, and 
nesslerize. Folin and Flander's m. (for hip- 
puric acid): 100 c.c. of the urine is evaporated to 
dryness with 10 c.c. of 5 per cent, sodium hydroxid. 
Hydrolyze the residue with nitric acid, shake out 
the benzoic acid with chloroform, and titrate it 
with .N/10 sodium alcoholate using phenolphtha- 
lein as indicator. Folin and Hart's m. (for 
acetone and diacetic acid): Determine the acetone 
by Folin's method, then heat the urine with hy- 
drochloric acid to change diacetic acid to acetone, 
and determine again. Folin and Macallum's 
m. (for ammonia nitrogen): To the urine add 
potassium carbonate and potassium oxalate, aerate 
the ammonia over into standard acid, and ness- 
lerize. Folin and Peck's m. (for glucose): To 
the boiling copper solution of Folin and McEllroy 
run in urine until the color changes from green to 
yellow. Folin and Pettibone's m. (for urea): 
Microchemic The urea is decomposed by heat- 
ing with potassium acetate and acetic acid, the 
ammonia is liberated by sodium hydroxid, aerated 
over into standard acid, and nesslerized. Folin 
and Shaffer's m. (for uric acid): Phosphates and 
certain organic substances are first precipitated by 
an acetic acid solution of ammonium sulphate and 
uranium acetate. The uric acid is then precipitated 
as ammonium urate and the amount determined 
by titration with potassium permanganate. Folin 
and Wright's m. (for total nitrogen): A simplified 
macro-Kjeldahl method for urine. Folin and 
Wu's m. i. (for creatinin): The color produced 
by the unknown (protein-free blood filtrate or urine) 
in an alkaline solution of picric acid is compared 
in a colorimeter with the color produced by a 
known solution of creatinin or with a standard 
solution of potassium bichromate. 2. (for glucose): 
The protein-free blood filtrate is boiled with a 
dilute alkaline copper tartrate solution, the cuprous 
oxid is dissolved by adding a phosphomolybdic- 
phosphoric acid solution, and the blue color pro- 
duced is compared with the color from sugar solu- 
tions of known strength. 3. (non-protein nitrogen): 
The total non-protein nitrogen in the protein-free 
blood filtrate is determined by setting free the 
nitrogen as ammonia by the Kjeldahl process, 
nesslerizing this ammonia, and comparing with a 
standard. 4. (for protein-free blood filtrate): Lake 
the blood with distilled water add sodium tung- 
state and sulphuric acid, and filter. 5. (for urea): 
Change the urea to ammonia by means of urease 
and nesslerize. 6. (for uric acid): Uric acid is 
precipitated from the protein-free blood filtrate 
or from urine by silver lactate, treated with 
phosphotungstic acid and the blue color compared 
with the color produced by known amounts of uric 
acid. Forlanini-Morelli m., treatment of 
empyema by systematic induction of pneumo- 
thorax, continuous aspiration drainage combined 
with irrigation, and the use of an air-tight 
pneumatic jacket drainage-tube. m. for (vola- 
tilizing) formaldehyd gas. See Aronson's 
m., Breslau's m., Brunn's m., lime m., Schloss- 
mann's m., Trillat's m. formol titration, m's 
of. See Benedict and Murlin's m., Henri- 
ques and Sorenson's m., Malfatti's m., and 
Sorenson's m., under method. Freiburg m. 
Same as twilight sleep. See under sleep. Frey 
and Gigon's m. (for amino-acid nitrogen): A 
modified form of Sorenson's method in that the 
ammonia is aspirated off after adding the barium 
hydroxid. Gabaston's hydraulic m., treat- 
ment of retention of the placenta by filling it up 
with saline solution injected through the um- 
bilical cord, garnet m. (for standardizing dis- 
infectants): The test objects (spores of Bacillus 
anthracis) are dried on garnets. These are then 
immersed in the disinfectant for stated periods, 
washed, and the organisms on them plated for 
growth. Gerota's m., injection of the lym- 
phatics with a dye, such as Prussian blue, which is 
soluble in chloroform or ether, but not in water. 
Gilbert's m., autoserotherapy, glucose, m's 
for. See Bang's m., Benedict's m. (1), Bertrand's 
m., Folin and Peck's m., Folin and Wu's m. (2), 
and Peter's m., under method, gold number m. 
See Lange's test, under tests. Greenwald's m. 
(for nonprotein nitrogen): The proteins are pre- 
cipitated by trichloracetic acid; the filtrate is de- 
composed by sulphuric acid as in the Kjeldahl 
method; the ammonia is distilled off and the 
amount titrated with N/10 sodium hydroxid. 
Grossich's m., the use of tincture of iodin as an 
antiseptic in surgical operations. Hall's m. (for 
total purin nitrogen): Remove phosphates by 
means of magnesia mixture and precipitate the 
purin bodies in a specially graduated tube by 
means of silver nitrate and ammonium hydroxid. 
After twenty-four hours read the volume of the 
purin precipitate. Hammerschlag's m., 
a method of ascertaining the specific gravity of 
the blood by hydrometry after the addition of 
chloroform and benzene. Hauser's m., a method 
for the anaerobic cultivation of bacteria in which METHOD 
664 
METHOD 
hydrogen gas is passed through the container until 
the air is removed. Heintz's m. {for uric acid): 
Precipitate the urine by adding hydrochloric acid, 
filter off the crystals, wash, dry, and weigh. 
Henderson and Palmer's m. {for hydrogen-ion 
concentration): The reaction of the urine is esti- 
mated by matching colors produced by certain 
indicators in the urine and in solutions of known 
hydrogen-ion concentration. Henriques and 
Sorenson's m. {for amino-acid nitrogen by formol 
titration). See Sorenson's m. hippuric acid, 
m's for. See Folin and Plunder's m., and Roaf's 
m., under methods. Hodgen's m., treatment of 
traumatic tetanus by large doses of Fowler's solu- 
tion. holding m., a method of pasteurizing milk 
whereby the milk is heated to 65° C. and kept at 
that temperature for from thirty to forty-five 
minutes. Cf. flash m. Hunter and Givens' 
m. {for purin bases): Proceed as in the Kruger- 
Schmidt method, except that instead of the second 
precipitation with copper sulphate, determination 
is made colorimetrically with Folin's phospho- 
tungstate reagent. Hydrogen-ion concen- 
tration, m. for. See Henderson and Palmer's 
m., and Levy, Rowntree, and Marriott's m., under 
method, indican, m. for. See Etlinger's m., 
under method, inorganic sulphates, m's for. 
See sulphates, inorganic, under method, iron, m. 
for. See Wolter's m., under method. Issayeff's 
m., intraperitoneal injection of saline solution 
twenty-four hours previous to an abdominal opera- 
tion: done to promote local leukocytosis. Kir- 
stein's m., direct inspection of the larynx by 
pushing the head far back and depressing the 
tongue. Kjeldahl m. (1883), a method of deter- 
mining the amount of nitrogen in an organic com- 
pound. It consists in heating the material to be 
analyzed with strong sulphuric acid. The nitrogen 
is thereby converted to ammonia, which is distilled 
off and caught in N/10 solution of sulphuric 
acid. By titration the amount of ammonia is de- 
termined, and from this the amount of nitrogen is 
estimated. Kluge's m., induction of premature 
labor by dilatation of the cervix by specially pre- 
pared sponges. Kolle's m., a method of in- 
oculation or vaccination in which the skin is shaved 
and the culture material rubbed vigorously into 
the shaved area. It is used especially in the diag- 
nosis of plague. Kolle and Pfeiffer's m., the 
same as the Gruber-Widal reaction except that 
the serum dilutions remain as made (are not 
doubled) and the bacteria are added by means of a 
platinum wire loop. Korotkow's m., the aus- 
cultatory method of determing blood-pressure. 
Kramer's m. {for potassium in blood): Dry and 
ash unknown; dissolve in dilute acetic acid, add 
sodium cobalti-nitrite and titrate the precipitate 
with oxalic acid and potassium permanganate. 2. 
{for sodium): Dry and ash unknown; dissolve in 
acidified water, make slightly alkaline with potas- 
sium hydroxid, and precipitate with potassium 
pyro-antimonate reagent and absolute alcohol. 
Wash, dry, and weigh the precipitate. Kraus 
and Doerr's m., for the production of dysentery 
antitoxin by the injection of sterile dysentery toxin. 
Kristeller m., a method of expressing the fetus 
in labor. The head should be in the vulva and the 
abdomen must be sufficiently relaxed so that the 
assistant may grasp the fundus. The grip on the 
fundus is made by the fingers of the two hands 
parallel behind and the thumb in front, the line of 
force being in the direction of the axis of the inlet. 
The expression should be done in one or two sus- 
tained efforts. Krogh's m. {for urea): The urea 
is oxidized by sodium hypobromite to carbon 
dioxid and nitrogen in an alkaline solution which 
absorbs the carbon dioxid. The remaining nitrogen 
is then measured. Kronig's m., sterilization of 
catgut by heating for an hour in cumol at 165° C. 
Krueger and Schmidt'sm. {for purinbases and 
uric acid): Precipitate with copper sulphate, de- 
compose the precipitate with sodium sulphide, 
reprecipitate with copper sulphate, and determine 
the nitrogen content by Kjeldahl's method. 
Kruse and Shiga's m., for the production of 
antidysenteric serum by the subcutaneous injec- 
tion of whole bacteria. Kwilecki's m. {for 
albumin): io drops of a io per cent, solution of 
ferric chlorid are added to the urine before pro- 
ceeding with the regular method of Esbach. 
Laborde's m., the making of rhythmic traction 
movements on the tongue in order to stimulate 
the respiratory center in asphyxiation. Leish- 
man's m., a method for determining the phago- 
cytic index by adding the bacteria to a leukocytic 
cream from the patient's blood, and, after incuba- 
tion, counting the number of bacteria within the 
phagocytes. Leroux's m., treatment of placenta 
praevia by tamponade of the vagina. Levy, 
Rowntree, and Marriott's m. {for hydrogen- 
ion concentration of blood): Dialyze the blood 
through a collodion tube against neutral physio- 
logic salt solution; then match the color produced 
by phenol-sulphonephthalein in the dialysate and 
in solution of known hydrogen-ion concentration. 
Lewis and Benedict's m. {for glucose): The 
proteins of the blood are precipitated by means of 
picric acid, sodium carbonate is added, and the 
color of the picramic acid solution is compared 
with that from a standard glucose solution. 
Lewisohn's m., a method of indirect trans- 
fusion by adding sodium citrate to the blood. 
Liborious' m., a method for the anaerobic 
cultivation of bacteria in which the bacteria are 
placed in deeply filled tubes of agar or gelatin from 
which the oxygen has been removed by boiling, 
lime m., a method of generating or volatilizing 
formaldehyd gas. Forty per cent, formaldehyd, 
containing io per cent, of sulphuric acid, is poured 
over quick-lime in a suitable container. One and a 
half to 2 pounds of lime should be used for each 
pint of the solution. Lorthiore's m., radical 
cure of hernia by dissection and extirpation of the 
sac without opening the inguinal canal. Lyman's 
m. {for calcium): Precipitate the calcium from 
the protein-free blood filtrate or from urine as 
calcium oxalate, redissolve in dilute acid and re- 
precipitate as calcium ricinate, and determine 
amount nephelometrically. Lyon m. See 
Meltzer-Lyon test, under test, magnesium, m's 
for. See Denis' m., and McCrudden's m., under 
method. Malfatti's m. {for ammonia nitrogen 
by formol titration): Add potassium oxalate to the 
urine and make neutral to phenolphthalein with 
N/io sodium hydroxid; add the neutral formalin 
solution and titrate again. Marfan's m., punc- 
ture of the pericardium in which the trocar is 
passed just below the xiphoid cartilage in the 
middle line, directed obliquely from below upward, 
passing for 2 cm. along the posterior surface of the 
sternum. It is then directed somewhat obliquely 
backward, passing into the gap in the sternal in- 
sertion of the diaphragm, entering the pericardium 
at its base. Marmo's m., a method of pro- 
ducing artificial respiration in asphyxiated infants: 
the surgeon holds the infant suspended with his 
hands in its axillae, raises it, and then suddenly 
lets it drop a foot or two, which will produce in- 
spiration; expiration is then produced by pressure 
of the hands against the chest wall. Marshall's 
m. {for urea): The urea is changed into am- 
monium carbonate by the enzyme urease and the 
ammonia titrated with N/10 hydrochloric acid 
using methyl-orange as indicator. McArthur's 
m., enteroclysis through a catheter placed in the 
common duct after operations on the gall-bladder. 
McCrudden's m. {for calcium and magnesium): 
Make 200 c.c. of urine faintly acid to litmus, add 
10 c.c. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, pre- 
cipitate with oxalic acid, filter, ignite, and weigh as 
calcium oxid, or filter and titrate the precipitate 
with potassium permanganate. This gives the 
calcium. For the magnesium, add to the filtrate 
from the calcium, nitric acid, evaporate to dryness, 
and heat until residue fuses. Take up in water, 
add sodium acid phosphate and ammonia, filter. METHOD 
665 
METHOD 
wash, ignite, and weigh as the pyrophosphate. 
McIntosh and Fildes' m., a portion of 
platinized or palladinized asbestos is placed in the 
anaerobic jar and hydrogen gas passed in until no 
oxygen remains. The oxygen is removed by uniting 
with the hydrogen under the catalytic influence of 
the platinum black. McLean and van Slyke's 
m. (for chlorids): Precipitate the chlorids from 
oxalated plasma with an excess of silver nitrate 
and titrate the excess with potassium iodid and 
starch. Meltzer's m., intratracheal insufflation 
of air containing an anesthetic vapor; employed in 
thoracic surgery. Meltzer-Lyon m. See 
Meltzer-Lyon test, under test. Merciere's m., 
embalming treatment of infected wounds designed 
to fill the wound with a soothing antiseptic which 
shall inhibit infection until proper treatment shall 
be given. The formula is 10 gm. each of guaiacol, 
eucalyptol, and balsam of Peru; 10 gm. of iodo- 
form, 100 gm. of alcohol, and enough ether to make 
1 liter. Messinger and Huppert's m. (for 
acetone): The same as the method of Folin and 
Hart except that the acetone is distilled instead 
of aspirated. Meyer's m. (for creatin): A modi- 
fication of Folin and Benedict's method in that the 
creatin is changed into creatinin after adding 
hydrochloric acid by digesting in an autoclave. 
Milne's m., a method of prophylaxis against the 
spread of infectious diseases. The patient's head 
and chest, are veiled with a gauze curtain which is 
sprayed with a tincture of eucalyptus and an anti- 
septic three times a day. Every three hours the 
patient's throat and nasopharynx are painted with 
iodized glycerin and an antiseptic oil is instilled 
into the nasal passages. Minkowski's m. Same 
as Naunyn-Minkowski m. Mohr's m. (for 
chlorids): Oxidize interfering organic matter by 
igniting with potassium nitrate. To the solution 
of the ash add potassium chromate and titrate with 
standard silver nitrate until the red silver chromate 
appears. Mojon's m., injection of cold water to 
which acids have been added through the um- 
bilical vein into the placenta with a view to facili- 
tating its detachment from the uterus after birth. 
Morelli m. See Forlanini-Morelli m. Mori- 
son's (Rutherford) m., a method of treating 
wounds which consists of a thorough opening up 
and mechanical cleansing of the wound, sponging 
of it with alcohol, and the application to the raw 
surface of a thin layer of a paste consisting of 1 
part of bismuth sub nitrate 2 parts of iodoform, and 
enough paraffin to make a soft paste. This paste 
is known as bipp or B. I. P. The wound is then 
sutured without drainage. Muller's m. Same 
as Deventer's m. Murphy m. 1. Suture of an 
artery by invaginatlng the ends over a cylinder in 
two pieces which can be removed. 2. Continuous 
proctoclysis; the continuous administration per 
rectum of salt solution, drop by drop, with the 
patient in the Fowler position: used in infections 
of the peritoneum. Called also Murphy drip. 
3. See Murphy treatment, under treatment. Na- 
geli's m. See Nageli's treatment, under treatment. 
Naunyn-Minkowski m., palpation of the kid- 
ney after first dilating the colon with gas. Neisser 
and Wechsberg's m. (for testing the bactericidal 
power of blood)-, The patient's serum is inactivated 
and diluted as desired. To each dilution is added 
a constant amount of the culture to be tested and 
some non-specific complement. The mixtures are 
incubated and then plated. Nikiforoff's m., a 
method of fixing blood-films by placing them for 
from five to fifteen minutes in absolute alcohol, 
pure ether, or equal parts of alcohol and ether, 
nitrogen, amino-acid, m's for. See Benedict 
and Murlin's m., Frey and Gigon's m., Henriques 
and Sorenson's m., Sorenson's m., and van Slyke's m., 
under method, nitrogen, ammonia, m's for. 
See Folin's m. (3), Folin and Macallum's m., and 
Malfatti's m., under method, nitrogen, non- 
protein, m's for. See Folin and Denis m. (2), 
Folin and Wu's m. (3I, and Greenwald's m., under 
method, nitrogen, purin, m. for. See Hall's 
m., under method, nitrogen, total, m's for. 
See Arnold and Gunning's m., Bock and Benedict's.' 
m., Folin and Farmer's m., Folin and Wright's m.f 
and Taylor and Hulton's m., under method. No- 
guchi's m. (for growing Treponema pallida)-. 
Place in deep tubes blood-serum i part, distilled 
water 3 parts, and a small piece of fresh sterile 
tissue (kidney or testicle). Cover with paraffin oil, 
inoculate, and incubate in anaerobic jar. Or simply 
add the piece of sterile tissue to a deep tube of 
serum agar or ascitic agar and cover with oil. 
Nolf-Depage m., treatment of rebellious strep- 
tococcal septic pyemia by injection of peptones, 
non-protein nitrogen, m's for. See nitrogen, 
non-protein, m's for, under method. Oberst's 
m., local anesthesia produced by injecting saline 
solution or distilled water into the subcutaneous 
connective tissue. Olshausen's m., a method 
of operating for umbilical hernia by reduction 
without opening the sac, and then suturing the 
skin. Orsi-Grocco m., palpatory percussion of 
the heart. Osborne and Folin's m. (for total 
sulphur): Differs from Benedict's method chiefly in 
that the oxidation of the sulphur is done with 
sodium peroxid. oxalic acid, m's for. See 
Autenreith and Barth's m., and Salkowski's m., under 
method. Pachon's m., cardiography with the 
patient lying on his left side. Pasteur's m., a 
method of attenuating bacteria by growing them 
at a temperature higher than body temperature, 
usually 420 to 430 C. for Bacillus anthracis. 
Pawlow' S m., study of the changes in the salivary 
reflex produced by psychic influence. Payr's m. 
1. The use of absorbable cylinders of magnesium 
for performing suture of blood-vessels. 2. Trans- 
plantation of blood-vessels so that they hang free 
in the ventricle of the brain in order to absorb 
the fluid in hydrocele. Percy m. See Percy 
cautery, under cautery. Peter's m. (for glucose)-. 
Boil the unknown in an excess of the reagent, filter 
off the reduced copper, and titrate the filtrate with 
potassium iodid and standard thiosulphate solu- 
tion. Petroff's m., a method of isolating the 
Bacillus tuberculosis from the sputum. Digest the 
sputum in sodium hydroxid solution at 37.50 C. 
for twenty to thirty minutes. Neutralize with 
hydrochloric acid and centrifugalize. Spread 
several loops of the sediment on beef-infusion- 
glycerin-egg medium to which has been added 
gentian violet in the strength of 1 : 10,000. Pe- 
truschky's m., percutaneous tuberculin treat- 
ment by inunction with an ointment containing 
decomposed tubercle bacilli. Pfeiffer's m. (for 
testing the bactericidal activity of blood). See Pfeif- 
fer's phenomenon, under phenomenon, phenols, 
m. for. See Folin and Denis' m., under method. 
Plimmer and Skelton's m. (for allantoin): 
Determine the urea and allantoin by Folin's method 
(9), and the urea alone by Marshall's urease 
method. The difference is allantoin. Ponndorf's 
m., treatment of tuberculin by rubbing old tuber- 
culin or Ponndorf's vaccine into cutaneous scarifi- 
cations. potassium, m. for. See Kramer's 
m., under method, protein-free blood filtrate, 
m's for. See Folin's m. (4), Folin and Denis' 
m. (5), and Folin and Wu's m. (4), under method. 
Purdy's m., the use of the centrifuge for the 
determination of the quantity of albumin, chlorids, 
sulphates, etc. purin bodies, m's for. See 
Hunter and Given s m.-, Kruger and Schmidt's m., 
Salkowski's m., Salkowski and Arnstein's m., and 
Welker's m., under method, purin nitrogen, 
m's for. See nitrogen, purin, m. for, under method. 
Puzo's m., early rupture of the membranes in 
cases of placenta prarvia. Raiziss and Dubin's 
m. (for ethereal and inorganic sulphates): Oxidize 
the urine by Benedict's method, precipitate the 
sulphate with benzidin hydrochlorid, as in the 
method of Rosenheim and Drummond, and titrate 
with N/10 potassium permanganate. Reclus' 
m., the induction of local anesthesia by cocain. 
Rehfuss m., after an Ewald test-meal a tube is 
passed into the stomach and small quantities of the stomach contents are removed at fifteen- 
minute intervals and examined. Rendu's m., 
treatment of tuberculous peritonitis by smearing 
the peritoneum with camphor naphthol. Ribera ' s 
m., the induction of anemia in the legs by com- 
pressing the waist with an elastic spica. Rideal- 
Walker m. (for determining the carbolic coefficient 
of disinfectants): K method for determining the 
dilution at which a disinfectant kills the test organ- 
ism in the same time as a control solution of phenol 
does. Roaf's m. (for the preparation of hippuric 
acid): Add 125 gm. of ammonium sulphate and 7.5 
gm. of concentrated sulphuric acid to 500 c.c. of 
urine of a horse. Hippuric acid will crystallize 
out. Rosenheim and Drummond's m. (for 
ethereal and inorganic sulphates): Precipitate the 
sulphates with benzidin hydrochlorid and titrate 
the acid in the benzidin sulphate with N/10 po- 
tassium hydroxid. Roux's m., the inoculated 
liquid agar or gelatin is aspirated into narrow 
sterile tubes which are then sealed off at each end. 
Ruhemann's uricometer m. (for uric acid): 
Urine is added in a specially graduated tube to a 
mixture of carbon bisulphid and iodin solution 
until the carbon bisulphid is decolorized. Sal- 
kowski's m. (for purin bodies and uric acid): 
Precipitate as silver magnesium salts, decompose 
the precipitate with hydrogen sulphid, precipitate 
uric acid by means of sulphuric acid, and the purin 
bodies as silver salts. Salkowski and Arn- 
Stein's m. (for purins): Precipitate the urine 
with magnesia mixture and to the filtrate add 3 
per cent, ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. Wash 
the precipitate and determine the nitrogen in it by 
the Kjeldahl method. The uric acid nitrogen is 
separately determined and deducted. Salkow- 
ski-Autenrieth and Barth's m (for oxalic 
acid): Precipitate the oxalic acid by means of 
calcium chlorid. Dissolve the precipitate in hy- 
drochloric acid, extract the oxalic acid with ether, 
and reprecipitate it as calcium oxalate. Scherer's 
m. (for proteins): Precipitate the protein by boiling 
with dilute acetic acid, wash, dry, and weigh. 
Schlosser's m. See Schlosser's treatment, under 
treatment. Schlossmann's m., to prevent poly- 
merization, 10 per cent, of glycerol is added to for- 
maldehyd before it is volatilized by heat. Schul- 
ler's m., a method of performing artificial respi- 
ration by rhythmic raisings of the thorax by means 
of the fingers hooked under the ribs. Schultze's 
m., treatment of asphyxia neonatorum by swing- 
ing the inverted infant. Scott and Wilson's 
m. (for acetone and diacetic acid): Distil the ace- 
tone into an alkaline solution of basic mercuric 
cyanid, filter, and titrate the precipitate with potas- 
sium thiocyanate. Shaffer's m. (for creatiniri): 
Folin's method adapted to very dilute solutions. 
Shaffer and Marriott's m. (for acetone bodies): 
Precipitate the urine with basic lead acetate and 
ammonia. Distil off the acetone (acetone and 
diacetic acid). Oxidize the residue with potas- 
sium bichromate and distil again (betahydroxy- 
butyric acid). Titrate the distillates with stand- 
ard iodin and thiosulphate solutions. Sjoqvist's 
m., quantitative estimation of the urea in the 
urine by means of a baryta mixture, sodium, 
m. for. See Kramer's m. (2), under method. 
Sorenson's m. (for amino-acids by formol 
titration): Titrate the urine for total acidity using 
phenolphthalein as indicator, add fresh formalin 
mixture <15 c.c. of formalin, 30 c.c. of water, and 
sufficient sodium hydroxid to make it faintly 
alkaline to phenolphthalein), and titrate again. 
Souligoux-Morestin m., the use of ether 
lavage of the peritoneal cavity in acute infections 
of the abdominal and pelvic viscera. Spengler's 
m., a method of examining the sputum for tu- 
bercle bacilli by treating it with an equal quantity 
of weak sodium carbonate solution, then with 
pancreatin, and then with crystallized carbolic 
acid. Steinach's m. See Steinach's operation, 
under operation, sulphates, ethereal, m's 
for. See Folin's m. (5), Raiziss and Dubin's m., and 
METHOD 
666 
Rosenheim and Drummond's m., under method. 
sulphates, inorganic, m's for. See Folin's 
m. (6), Raiziss and Dubin's m., and Rosenheim and 
Drummond's m., under method, sulphur, total, 
m's for. See Benedict's m. (2), Benedict and 
Denis' m., Folin's m. (8), and Osborne and Folin's m., 
under method. Taylor and Hulton's m. (for 
total nitrogen): Similar to Folin and Farmer's 
method except that small amounts of sulphuric 
acid are used and the ammonia is nesslerized in the 
original tube without being aerated over into acid. 
Thezac-Porsmeur m., heliotherapy of sup- 
purating wounds by concentrating the sun's rays 
on the part by means of a large double convex lens 
mounted on a three-foot-long cylinder of canvas, 
thread m. (for standardizing disinfectants): 
Pieces of thread are immersed in a culture of the 
test organism, dried, exposed to the action of the 
disinfectant, washed, then placed on suitable cul- 
ture-medium, and incubated for growth, total 
acidity, m. for. See Folin's m., under method. 
total nitrogen, m. for. See nitrogen, total, m. 
for, under method, total sulphur, m. for. See 
sulphur, total, m. for, under method, toxin-anti- 
toxin m. See Behring's m. Trillat ' S m., vola- 
tilization of formaldehyd in an autoclave under 
pressure to prevent polymerization. Tuffier's 
m., Corning's spinal anesthesia. See anesthesia. 
uranium acetate m. (for phosphorus): Add 
sodium acetate and acetic acid to the urine, heat 
to boiling, and titrate with a special uranium 
acetate solution, urea, m's for. See Benedict's 
m., Folin's m. (0), Folin and Denis' m. (4), Folin and 
Pettibone's m., Folin and Wu's m. (5), Krogh's m., 
Marshall's m., and van Slyke and Cullen's m. (2), 
under method, urease m. See Marshall's m., 
and van Slyke and Cullen's m. (2), under method. 
uric acid, m's for. See Benedict's m., Bene- 
dict and Hitchcock's m., Folin and Denis' m. (5), 
Folin and Shaffer's m., Folin and Wu's m. (6), 
Heintz's m., Kruger and Schmidt's m., Ruhemann's 
m., and Sdlkowski's m., under method, van Ge- 
huchten's m., fixing of a histologic tissue in a 
mixture of glacial acetic acid 10 parts, chloroform 
30 parts, and alcohol 60 parts, van Slyke's m. 
(for amino-nitrogen): The unknown is treated with 
nitrous acid in a special apparatus and the nitrogen 
liberated is measured, van Slyke and Cullen's 
m. 1. (for the carbon dioxid in blood, or for the 
alkali reserve of blood): Freshly prepared oxalated 
plasma is brought into equilibrium with the carbon 
dioxid of expired air, acid is then added to a 
measured amount of the blood, the carbon dioxid 
is pumped out, and measured. 2. (for urea): The 
urea is changed into ammonium carbonate by 
means of the enzyme urease, the ammonia is 
aerated over into standard acid, and the excess 
titrated, van Slyke and Meyer's m. (for 
amino-acid nitrogen): Precipitate the- proteins of 
the blood by means of alcohol and then proceed 
by van Slyke's nitrous acid method, van Slyke 
and Palmer's m. (for organic acids, chiefly aceto- 
acetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid): Pre- 
cipitate carbonates and phosphates with calcium 
hydroxid, neutralize to phenolphthalein with 
hydrochloric acid to a standard red color using 
tropeolin 00 as indicator. Volhard and Ar- 
nold's m. (for chlorids): Acidify the urine with 
nitric acid and add a known amount of silver 
nitrate. Titrate excess of silver nitrate with 
ammonium sulphocyanate, using ferric thiocyanate 
as indicator. Volhard and Harvey's m. (for 
chlorids): This differs from the method of Volhard 
and Arnold in that the silver chlorid is not filtered 
out, but the excess of silver nitrate is titrated in 
the original mixture. Wardrop's m., treatment 
of erectile tumors by the application of potassa 
fusa. Welcher's m., determination of the total 
blood volume by bleeding and then washing out 
the blood-vessels. Welker's m. (for purin bodies): 
Remove the phosphates with magnesia mixture, 
then precipitate the purin bodies with silve'' nitrate 
and ammonium hydroxid. Determine the nitrogen 
METHOD METHODISM 
667 
METHYLCREOSOL 
in the precipitate by Kjeldahl's method. Wie- 
chowski and Handorsky's m. (for allantoin): 
Precipitate the urine with phosphotungstic acid, 
with lead acetate and with silver acetate to remove 
chlorids, ammonia, and basic substances. Then add 
sodium acetate and 0.5 per cent, mercuric acetate 
to precipitate the allantoin which may be weighed, 
submitted to a Kjeldahl, or titrated with am- 
monium thiocyanate. Wolter's m. (for iron): 
Add nitric acid to urine, evaporate to dryness, 
ignite, oxidize the iron with hydrogen peroxid, add 
potassium iodid and starch, and titrate excess of 
iodin with N/100 thiosulphate. Wright's m. 
1. Treatment of wounds by irrigating first with hy- 
pertonic salt solution and then with isotonic salt 
solution. Vaccines may be used as adjuvants. 
Finally the wound is closed. 2. A method for the 
anaerobic cultivation of bacteria in which the 
inoculated bouillon is drawn into a glass tube pro- 
vided at each end with rubber tubes and retained 
there by kinking the tubes. 3. (for determining the 
bactericidal power of blood): To fixed amounts of 
the patient's serum is added decreasing amounts of 
the culture to be tested, incubated for twenty-four 
hours and then planted in nutrient bouillon. The 
largest number of bacteria that a constant quan- 
tity of serum is able to kill measures its bactericidal 
power. Wright ' s modification of Buchner ' s 
m., the alkaline solution of pyrogallol is absorbed 
into the absorbent cotton stopper of the test-tube, 
which is then pushed down far enough to permit the 
insertion of a rubber stopper. Wyeth m., treat- 
ment of angiomata by the injection of boiling 
water. Zsigmondy's gold number m. Same 
as Lange's test. See under tests. 
methodism (meth'od-izm). The system or school 
of the Methodists. 
Methodists (meth'od-ists). An ancient sect or 
school of medicine who based the practice of the 
art on exact rules and theories as contrasted with 
experience. This school followed that of the Em- 
pirics and Dogmatists, and was founded by Themi- 
son about 50 b. c. The Methodists concentrated 
their attention on the pores; an acute disease being 
a state of contraction (status strictus), while 
chronic disease was a state of relaxation (status 
laxus) of the pores. 
methodology (meth-od-ol'o-je). The science of 
method; the science which deals with the principles 
of procedure in research and study. 
methomania (meth-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. ned-q drunken- 
ness + piavla madness]. Insanity caused by the 
habitual misuse of alcoholic drinks. 
methonal (meth'o-nal). A hypnotic agent resem- 
bling sulphonal, acetone dimethyl sulphone, (CH3)2- 
C(SO2CH3)2. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
methoxycaffein (meth"oks-e-kaf'e-in). A white, 
amorphous or crystalline agent, C8H9(OCH3)N4O2: 
a local anesthetic and antineuralgic. Hypo- 
dermatic dose, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.) 
methoxyl (meth-ok'sil). The chemical group, 
CH3.O-. 
methozin (meth-o'zin). Same as antipyrin. 
methyl (meth'il) [Gr. p.e0v wine 4- vX-rj substance]. 
An atom group, CH3, from wood-spirit, m. 
acetanilid. See exalgin, m. acetyl-salicyl- 
ate. See methyl aspirin, under aspirin, m. 
alcohol, wood-spirit, methanol, CH3OH, dis- 
tilled from wood: sedative, narcotic, and poison- 
ous. m. aldehyd, formaldehyd. m. amyl- 
ketone, a volatile oil, C5Hn.CO.CH3, found in oil 
of cloves, m. anthranilate, a volatile oil, 
ortho-amino-benzoate, NH2.C9H4.CO.O.CH3, the 
odoriferous constituent of neroli oil. m. atropin, 
two salts are used, the bromid and the nitrate. See 
eumydrin. m. chlor-sulphonate, an irritant 
war gas, CH3.SO2.Cl. m. chlorid, a gas, CH3C1: 
converted under pressure into a liquid, a spray of 
which is a valuable local anesthetic, m. cocain. 
See cocainidin. m. ditannin, tannoform. m. 
ether, a colorless, anesthetic gas, (CH3)2O. 
m. ethyl-maleic-imid, a substituted pyrrol, 
C2H6(C.CO)2(NH)CH3, obtained from hemoglobin 
and from chlorophyll, m. ethyl-pyrrol, a 
substituted pyrrol obtained from, and probably a 
constituent of, bilirubin, m. eugenol, a volatile 
oil, CsHs.CeHstOCHs^, found in oil of bay. m. 
furfurane. See sylvan, m. glucose, a glucosid, 
CH2OH.(CHOH)4CO(CH3), produced by the inter- 
action of glucose and methyl alcohol, m.-green, 
a green anilin dye formed by treating rosanilin 
with methyl derivatives. It is used in microscopy, 
m.-guanidin, a colorless, narcotic agent, NH.C- 
(NH2).NH(CH3). m. heptenone, a volatile oil, 
CH3.CO(CH2)4CH3, found in lemon-grass oil. m. 
hydrate, methyl alcohol. m. hydrid, meth- 
ane. m. hydroxy-furfurol, the furfural, CH3.- 
C : CH.C(OH): C.CHO, produced from the hexose 
in Molisch's test and which produces the color, 
m. iodid, a colorless or brownish liquid, CH3I: a 
local anesthetic, m. kairolin, a compound, C9- 
HioN(CH3)H2S04: a slow and uncertain anti- 
pyretic. m. loretin, an antiseptic agent, OH.Ce- 
I(CH)sN.SO2OH.H2O, in glossy yellow needles or 
scales, m. nitrate, CH3O.NO2, has been used 
as a vasodilator, m. nonyl-ketone, a volatile 
oil, CH3.CO(CH2)6CH3, found in oil of rue. m. 
orange, a dye, the sodium salt of dimethyl- 
amino-azobenzene-sulphonic acid, (CH3)2N.C6H4.- 
N2.CeH4.SO2.ONa. It is used as an indicator and 
has a Ph range of 3 to 4.4, being red at 3 and yellow 
at 4.4. m. oxid. See methyl ether, m. phen- 
acetin, a substance in colorless crystals, C9H4- 
(OC2H5)N(CH3)CH3CO: hypnotic, m. red, a 
dye, para-dimethyl-amino-azo-benzene-orthocar- 
boxylic acid, (CH3)2N.C6H4.N : N.C6H4.COOH. It 
is used as an indicator in the determination of 
hydrogen-ion concentration and has a Ph range 
of 4.4 to 6, being red at 4.4 and yellow at 6. 
m. salicylate, the artificial oil of gaultheria, OH.- 
CeH4.CO2.CH3, found also in natural oil of winter- 
green. See oil of wintergreen, m. tellurid, a gas, 
(CH3)2Te, of penetrating odor, found in excreta of 
animals after feeding with telluric and tellurious 
acids, m.-violet, blue pyoktanin. See pyok- 
tanin. . 
methylacetanilid (meth"il-as-et-an'il-id). See ex- 
algin. 
methylaceto-acetate (meth"il-as-et-o-as'et-at). 
A crystalline compound, CH3(OH)CH.COOC10- 
H19. It is a respiratory paralyzant and germicide. 
methylal (meth'il-al). Same as formal. 
methylamin (meth-il-am'in). A gaseous ptomain, 
CHs.NH2, from decaying fish and from comma- 
bacillus cultures. 
methylantipyrin (meth"il-an-te-pi'rin). Same as 
toly pyrin. 
methylarsinate (meth-il-ar'sin-at). A salt of 
methylarsinic acid. 
methylate (meth'il-at). A compound of methyl 
alcohol and a base. 
methylated (meth'il-a-ted). Containing or com- 
bined with methyl alcohol. 
methylation (meth-il-a'shun). Treatment with 
methyl. The act of methylating. 
methylatropin bromid (meth-il-at'ro-pin). A 
white, crystalline compound, soluble in water: 
used like atropin in night-sweats of phthisis. 
Dose, gr. (0.006-0.013 gm.). 
methylaurin (meth-il-aw'rin). A substance, C20- 
H16O3, derivable from rosalic acid. 
methylbenzaconin (meth"il-ben-zak'o-nin). An 
aconitin derivative with physiologic properties 
like those of curare. 
methylcephaelin (meth-il-sef-a'el-in). A sub- 
stance probably identical with emetin. 
methyl code in bromid (meth-il-ko'de-in). See 
eucodin. 
methylcreosol (meth-il-kre'os-ol). A phenol, C9- 
H12O2, obtainable from wood-tar creasote. METHYLDICHLORARSIN 
668 
METRECTASIA 
methyldichlorarsin (meth"il-di-klo-rar'sin). A 
lethal and vesicating war gas, CH3ASCI2. 
methylene (meth'il-en). The bivalent hydrocarbon 
radical, CH2. m.-blue, a dark-blue, bronze, or 
red-brown, crystalline substance, C18HlsN3SCl, 
soluble in 50 parts of water: used as a histologic 
stain and as an analgesic in rheumatic and neural- 
gic pains, and as an antiperiodic in malaria. Dose, 
i|-4 gr. (0.1-0.25 gm.); hypodermatic dose, |-i 
gr. (0.016-0.06 gm.): patented. Kiihne's m.- 
blue, methylene-blue, 1.5; absolute alcohol, 10; 
5 per cent, solution of phenol, 100. m.-blue, 
polychrome. See under stains, table of. m. 
chlorid, m. bichlorid. 1. See m. dichlorid. 2. 
A mixture of methyl alcohol (1 part) and chloroform 
(4 parts): anesthetic, m. dichlorid, a volatile 
anesthetic liquid, CH2CI2, resembling chloroform 
and used in the same way. Dose, 10-30 min. 
(0.666-2 c.c.). m. diguaiacol. See pulmoform. 
m. diiodid, a yellow liquid, CH2.I2, having hyp- 
notic and anesthetic properties. 
methylenophil, methylenophilous (meth-il- 
en'o-fil, meth"il-en-of'il-us) [methylene + Gr. 
tpcXeiv to love]. Stainable with methylene-blue. 
methylglyoxalidin (meth"il-gli-oks-al'id-in). 
Same as lysidin. 
methylguanidin (meth-il-gwan'id-in). A poison- 
ous ptomain, NH.C(NH)2NH.CH3, from spoiled 
fish, etc. 
methylhydantoin (meth"il-hi-dan'to-in). A crys- 
talline compound, CO.NH.CH2.CO.N.CH3, found 
in fresh meat, and formed by the decomposition of 
creatin. 
methylic (meth-il'ik). Containing methyl. 
methylil (meth'il-il). A proprietary local anes- 
thetic; ethyl chlorid with small proportions of 
chloroform and methyl chlorid. 
methylindol (meth-il-in'dol). Same as skatol. 
methylmercaptan (meth"il-mer-kap'tan). A gas, 
methyl hydrosulphid, CH3.SH, formed in the in- 
testines by the decomposition of proteins; said to 
impart to the urine the odor noticed after eating 
asparagus. 
methylnornarcotin (meth"il-nor-nar'ko-tin). An 
active principle said to exist in opium. 
methylphenacetin (meth"il-fe-nas'et-in). A hyp- 
notic compound formed by treating phenacetin 
with methyl iodid. 
methylphenmorpholin (meth"il-fen-mor'fo-lin). 
A patented artificial alkaloid, forming a clear, 
oily liquid, which, like its crystalline hydrochlorid, 
is narcotic. 
methylphenylhydrazin (meth"il-fe"nil-hi'dra- 
zin). A reagent by which ketoses can be dis- 
tinguished from aldoses as the former yield osa- 
zones, the latter, hydrazones. 
methylphosphin (meth-il-fos'fin). An agent, 
P(CHs)H2, useful in malarious disorders and de- 
structive to animal microorganisms. 
methylprotocatechuic acid (meth"il-pro-to- 
kat-e-ku'ik). See vanillic acid, under acid. 
methylpurin (meth-il-pu'rin). See under purin. 
methylpyridin (meth-il-pi'rid-in). A basic sub- 
stance, Cs^CHsM oxidized in the body to 
pyridin-carboxylic acid. m. sulphocyanate, a 
crystalline, non-caustic, and non-poisonous anti- 
septic. 
methylpyrocatechin (meth"il-pi-ro-kat'e-kin). 
Guaiacol. 
methylquinolin (meth-il-kwin'o-lin). An oily basic 
substance, CeH^CH^.N.C.CHs, from the secretion 
of the skunk. 
methylsalicylate (meth"il-sal-is'il-at). Oil of win- 
tergreen, C6H4(OCH3)COOH. 
methylsalol (meth-il-sa'lol). An antirheumatic 
crystalline agent, OH.C6H4.CO2-C6H5.CH3. 
methyluramin (meth"il-u-ram'in). Methyl- 
guanidin. 
methylurethan (meth-il-u'reth-an). Urethylan: 
a hypnotic and diuretic agent, NH2.CO2.CH3, in 
colorless plates. 
methylxanthin (meth-il-zan'thin). Heteroxanthin. 
methysticum (meth-is'tik-um). Same as kava. 
metodontiasis (met-o-don-ti'as-is). Imperfect de- 
velopment of the teeth. 
metol (me'tol). A proprietary photographic de- 
veloper, methyl-amino-cresol-sulphate, CHg.CeHg- 
(OH).NH.CH3.H2SO4, which sometimes causes a 
dermatitis in those who use it. 
metopagus (met-op'ag-us) [Gr. peTcmrov forehead 
+ nay os joined]. Twin fetuses united at the fore- 
head. 
metopantralgia (met"o-pan-tral'je-ah) [L. meto- 
pan'trum frontal sinus + Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain 
in the frontal sinuses. 
metopantritis (met"o-pan-tri'tis). Inflammation 
of the frontal sinuses. 
metopic (met-op'ik). Pertaining to the forehead; 
frontal. 
metopion (met-o'pe-on) [Gr. perwrcor forehead]. 
A point in the median line of the forehead, be- 
tween the frontal eminences. 
metopism (met'o-pizm). The persistence of the 
frontal suture. 
metopodynia (met"o-po-din'e-ah) [Gr. perwirov 
forehead + 66wr) pain]. Frontal headache. 
metopon (met-o'pon) [Gr. perunov forehead]. The 
anterior metopic lobule of the brain. 
metopoplasty (met-op'o-plas-te) [Gr. perconov fore- 
head -|- TrXaoaav to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
forehead. 
metoposcopy (met-o-pos'ko-pe) [Gr. peTunov 
forehead + aKoneiv to examine]. The study of 
physiognomy. 
Metorchis (met-or'kis). A genus of flukes. M. 
trunca'tus is found in seals, deer, and cats. 
metoxenous (met-oks-e'nus) [Gr. /xera across + 
&vos a stranger]. Requiring two hosts for the full 
cycle of existence: said of certain parasites. 
metoxeny (met-ok'sen-e). The condition of being 
metoxenous. 
metra (me'trah) [Gr. p-qrpa womb]. The uterus, or 
womb. 
metraderm (me'trah-derm) [Gr. p^rpa uterus + 
beppa skin]. The external opening of the uterus 
in some tape worms (Dibothriocephalidae). 
metralgia (me-tral'je-ah) [Gr. pi]Tpa uterus + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the uterus. 
metranemia (me-tran-e'me-ah) [Gr. p^rpa uterus 
+ anemia]. Uterine anemia. 
metranoikter (met-ran-o-ik'ter). An instrument 
for dilating the uterine cervix, consisting of two 
blades which are forcibly spread by the action of 
a spring. 
metrapectic (met-rap-ek'tik) [Gr. prjrpa womb 4- 
aTrexeu' to avoid]. Transmitted by the mother, 
who herself remains unaffected. 
metratome (me'trah-tom) [Gr. p^rpa uterus + 
ropr) cutting]. An instrument for cutting the 
uterus. 
metratomy (met-rat'o-me). Hysterotomy. 
metratonia (met-rat-o'ne-ah) [Gr. prjTpa uterus + 
arovla atony]. Uterine atony. 
metratrophia (met-rat-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. p-qrpa uterus 
+ arpotpla atrophy]. Uterine atrophy. 
metrauxe (me-trawk'se) [Gr. pyrpa uterus + avl^ 
increase]. Hypertrophy of the uterus. 
metre (me'ter). Same as meter. 
metrechoscopy (met-rek-os'ko-pe) [Gr. perpov 
measure + ijxii sound + oKOTreiv to inspect]. Com- 
bined mensuration, auscultation, and inspection. 
metrectasia (met-rek-ta'se-ah) [Gr. prjrpa uterus 
+ eKraacs extension]. Dilatation of the non- 
pregnant uterus. metrectomy (me-trek'to-me) [Gr. p-qrpa womb 4- 
eK out -[- ropq cut]. The surgical removal of the 
uterus. 
metrectopia, metrectopy (me-trek-to'pe-ah, me- 
trek'to-pe) [Gr. pqrpa uterus 4- 'em ottos displaced]. 
Uterine displacement. 
metrelcosis (met-rel-ko'sis) [Gr. pqrpa uterus + 
i'Xxwais ulceration]. Ulceration of the uterus. 
metreurynter (met-ru-rin'ter) [Gr. p-qrpa uterus 4- 
evpvveiv to stretch]. An inflatable bag for dilat- 
ing the cervical canal of the uterus. 
metreurysis (me-tru'ri-sis). Dilatation of the 
uterine cervix with the metreurynter. 
metria (me'tre-ah) [Gr. p-qrpa womb]. Any in- 
flammatory condition during the puerperium. 
metric (met'rik) [Gr. perpov measure]. 1. Pertain- 
ing to measures or measurement. 2. Having the 
meter as a basis, m. system. See weights and. 
measures. 
metritis (me-tri'tis) [Gr. pqrpa uterus]. Inflamma- 
tion of the uterus. Several varieties are named, 
according to the part of the organ affected-cer- 
vical, corporeal, interstitial, and parenchymatous, 
diphtheric m., a variety of metritis in which 
there is a yellow exudation in and on the endo- 
metrium. dissecting m., diphtheric metritis 
in which the infiltration extends in a layer from 
the endometrium to the neighborhood of the peri- 
toneum, cutting off a large part of the muscular 
tissue, which later on is expelled as a pear-shaped 
body. 
metrocace (met-rok'as-e) [Gr. pqrpa uterus + 
KaKq badness]. Uterine gangrene. 
metrocampsis (met-ro-kamp'sis) [Gr. p-qrpa uterus 
+ Kap^is bending]. Uterine flexion. 
metrocarcinoma (met"ro-kar-sin-o'mah). Car- 
cinoma of the uterus. 
metrocele (me'tro-sel) [Gr. pqrpa womb + K-qXq 
hernia]. Hernia of the uterus. 
metroclyst (me'tro-klist) [Gr. p-qrpa womb + 
xXuf eiv to wash], A device for irrigating the uterus. 
metrocolpocele (me-tro-kol'po-sel) [Gr. pqrpa 
womb + koXttos vagina + n-qXq hernia]. Hernia 
of the uterus into the vagina. 
metrocystosis (me"tro-sis-to'sis) [Gr. pqrpa 
womb 4- kv(jt is cyst]. The formation of cysts in 
the womb. 
metrocyte (me'tro-sit) [Gr. pqrqp mother 4- kvtos 
cell]. 1. A mother-cell. See cell. 2. A large 
uninuclear cell containing hemoglobin: it is sup- 
posed to be the mother-cell of the red corpuscles 
of the blood. 
metrodynia (me-tro-din'e-ah) [Gr. pqrpa uterus 4- 
obvvq pain]. Pain in the uterus. 
metro-endometritis (me"tro-en"do-me-tri'tis). 
Combined inflammation of the uterus and its 
mucous membranes. 
metrofibroma (me"tro-fi-bro'mah) [Gr. pqrpa 
uterus 4- fibroma], Fibroma of the uterus. 
metrolymphangitis (me"tro-lim-fan-ji'tis). In- 
flammation of the lymphatic vessels of the uterus. 
metromalacia (me"tro-mal-a'se-ah). Metromala- 
cosis. 
metromalacoma, metromalacosis (me"tro- 
mal-ak-o'mah, me"tro-mal-ak-o'sis) [Gr. pqrpa 
uterus 4- paXaKos soft]. Morbid softening of the 
uterus. 
metromania (me-tro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. pqrpa uterus 
4- pavia madness]. 1. Nymphomania. 2. [Gr. 
perpov measure 4" pavia madness.] A mania for 
writing verse. 
metroneuria (me-tro-nu're-ah) [Gr. p-qrpa uterus 
4- vevpov nerve]. A nervous affection of the uterus. 
metronome (met'ro-nom) [Gr. perpov measure 4- 
vopos law]. An apparatus for recording periods 
of time. 
metroparalysis (me"tro-par-al'is-is) [Gr. pqrpa 
uterus 4- paralysis]. Paralysis of the uterus. 
METRECTOMY 
669 
metropathic (me-tro-path'ik). Pertaining to or 
caused by uterine disorder. 
metropathy (me-trop'ath-e) [Gr. pqrpa womb + 
Tra^os suffering]. Any uterine disorder. 
metroperitonitis (me"tro-per-it-o-ni'tis) [metritis 
+ peritonitis], i. Inflammation of the uterus 
and peritoneum. 2. Inflammation of the peri- 
toneum about the uterus, or peritonitis resulting 
from infection after metritis. 
metrophlebitis (me"tro-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. p-qrpa 
womb + vein + -ins inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the veins of the womb. 
metroptosia (me-trop-to'se-ah). Metroptosis. 
metroptosis (me-trop-to'sis) [Gr. pqrpa uterus + 
TTTbiffLS falling]. Prolapse of the uterus. 
metrorrhagia (me-tror-a'je-ah) [Gr. p-qrpa uterus 
+ pqyvvvai to burst out]. An abnormal uterine 
hemorrhage, m. myopath'ica, uterine hemor- 
rhage due to insufficient contraction of uterine 
muscles after childbirth. 
metrorrhea (met-ror-e'ah) [Gr. p-qrpa womb + 
pola flow]. A free or abnormal uterine discharge. 
metrorrhexis (met-ror-eks'is) [Gr. p-qrpa womb 4- 
pr^is rupture]. Rupture of the uterus. 
metrorthosis (met-ror-tho'sis) [Gr. pqrpa womb + 
bpObs straight]. The rectification of a uterine 
displacement. 
metrosalpingitis (me"tro-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. firirpa 
womb -j- rraXTriy^ tube]. Inflammation of the 
uterus and oviducts. 
metroscirrhus (me-tro-skir'us) [Gr. pqrpa uterus 
+ a Hippos hardness]. Scirrhus of the uterus. 
metroscope (me'tro-skop) [Gr. pqrpa womb + 
OHOTreiv to view]. An instrument for examining 
the uterus. 
metrostaxis (me-tro-stak'sis) [Gr. pqrpa womb 4- 
(rra^is a dripping], A slight but persistent escape 
of blood from the uterus. 
metrostenosis (me"tro-sten-o'sis) [Gr. pqrpa 
uterus -|- arqvua is contraction]. Contraction or 
stenosis of the cavity of the uterus. 
metrosteresis (me"tro-ste-re'sis) [Gr. p-qrpa womb 
4- arepqais deprival]. Surgical removal of the 
uterus. 
metrosynizesis (me"tro-sin-iz-e'sis) [Gr. p-qrpa 
uterus + avv'i^qvis shrinking]. Adhesion of the 
uterus to nearby structures. 
metrotherapy (met-ro-ther'ap-e) [Gr. perpov 
measure + Oeparreia treatment]. Treatment by 
measurement, i. e., by demonstrating to the pa- 
tient his improvement by means of accurate meas- 
urements of the increase in the voluntary move- 
ments of an impaired joint. 
metrotome (me'tro-tom) [Gr. p-qrpa womb 4- 
repveiv to cut]. See hyslerotome. 
metrotomy (me-trot'o-me). Same as hysterotomy. 
metrotoxin (me-tro-tok'sin). A substance from 
the pregnant uterus which is thought to exert 
an inhibitory action on the ovarian function. 
metro-urethrotome (me"tro-u-re'thro-tom) [Gr. 
perpov measure + urethrotome], A urethrotome 
with a device which regulates the amount of cut- 
ting. 
metrypercinesis (me-tri-per-sin-e'sis) [Gr. pqrpa 
uterus + virep over + Kivqais movement]. Ex- 
cessive severity of labor-pains. 
metryperemia (me"tri-per-e'me-ah) [Gr. p-qrpa 
uterus + hyperemia]. Congestion of the uterus. 
metryperesthesia (me-tri-per-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
pqrpa uterus 4- hyperesthesia]. Hyperesthesia of 
the uterus. 
metrypertrophia (me-tri-per-tro'fe-ah) [Gr. pqrpa 
uterus + hypertrophia]. Hypertrophy of the 
uterus. 
Metschnikoff, Metchnikof theory (metsh'nik- 
of) [Elie Metschnikoff, a Russian physiologist in 
Paris, the discoverer of phagocytes and phagocy- 
tosis, born 1845]. The theory of phagocytosis. 
METSCHNIKOFF Mette's test (met'ez) [Emil Ludwig Paul Mette, 
German physician of the nineteenth century]. See 
under tests. 
Meyer's disease (mi'erz) [Hans Wilhelm Meyer. 
German physician, 1825-1896]. See disease. 
Meyer's line, organ (mi'erz) [Georg Hermann v. 
Meyer, anatomist in Zurich, 1815-1892]. See 
line and organ. 
Meyer's theory (mi'erz) [Adolf Meyer, psychiat- 
rist in Baltimore, born 1866]. See theory. 
Meynert's bundle, commissure, fasciculus 
(mi'nerts) [Theodore Meynert, French physician, 
1831-1892]. See bundle, commissure, fasciculus. 
Meynet's nodes (ma-naz') [Paul Claude Hya- 
cinthe Meynet, French physician, 1831-1892]. See 
under node. 
mezcalin (mez'ka-lin). A poisonous alkaloid from 
Anhalo'nium lewin'ii, similar to but not identical 
with anhalonin in its effects. 
mezereon, mezereum (me-ze're-on, me-ze're-um) 
[L.]. The plant Daph'ne meze'reum, a shrub of 
Europe. Its bark is diaphoretic, diuretic, and 
stimulant, and is used in rheumatism, syphilis, 
scrofula, and skin diseases, and as a stimulant to 
chronic ulcers. Dose, in substance, 5-15 gr. 
(0.333-1 gm.); of fluidextract, 2-5 min. (0.133- 
0.333 c.c.). 
M. F. D. Abbreviation for minimum lethal dose of 
a toxin. 
M. flac. Abbreviation for L. membra'na flac'cida, 
Shrapnell's membrane. 
M. ft. Abbreviation for L. mistu'ra fi'at, let a mix- 
ture be made. 
Mg. The symbol of magnesium; also abbreviation 
for milligram. 
MgO. Calcined magnesia. 
MgSO4. Magnesium sulphate. 
M. H. D. Abbreviation for minimum hemolytic 
dose. 
Mho (mo). The unit of electric conductivity. 
miasm, miasma (mi'azm, mi-az'mah) [Gr. piaapa 
stain]. A noxious effluvium or exhalation. 
miasmatic (mi-az-mat'ik). Pertaining to miasma, 
miasmatic-contagious (mi-az-mat"ik-kon-ta'- 
jus). Exhibiting both miasmatic and contagious 
characteristics, as yellow fever and cholera. 
Mibelli's disease (me-bel'ez) [Vittorio Mibelli, 
Italian dermatologist, 1860-1910]. Porokeratosis. 
mica panis (mi'kah pa'nis). Latin for bread-crumb. 
micella (mi-sel'ah). Same as tagma. 
micelle (mis-el'). A colloidal ion, supposed to occur 
in solutions of colloidal electrolytes. 
Mic. pan. Abbreviation for L. mi'ca pa'nis, bread 
crumb. 
micracoustic (mi-krah-koos'tik) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- aKovariKos acoustic]. 1. Rendering very faint 
sounds audible. 2. An instrument which ren- 
ders faint sounds audible. 
micranatomy (mi-kran-at'o-me) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- anatomy]. Microscopic anatomy. 
micrazotol (mi-kra'zo-tol). An antiseptic prepara- 
tion of boric acid, menthol, eucalyptol, etc. 
micrencephalia (mi"kren-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. piKpbs 
small 4- kyKtipaXos brain]. Abnormal smallness 
of the brain. 
micrencephalon (mi-kren-sef'al-on) [Gr. piKpbs 
small 4- kyK&paXos brain]. 1. Smallness of the 
brain; cretinism. 2. The cerebellum. 
micrencephalous (mi-kren-sefal-us). Having a 
small brain. 
micro- [Gr. piKpbs small]. A prefix signifying 
small. 
micro-aerophile, micro-aerophilic, micro- 
aerophilous (mi"kro-a'er-o-fil, -a-er-o-fil'ik, -a-er- 
of'il-us) [Gr. piKpbs small 4- aerophilous]. Requir- 
METTE'S TEST 
670 
ing only a small amount of free oxygen: said of 
bacteria. 
microbacillary (mi"kro-bas'il-a-re). Same as 
bacterial. 
microbacteria (mi-kro-bak-te're-ah). A class of 
bacteria practically the same as bacterium. 
microbe (mi'krob) [Gr. piKpbs small + 0los life]. 
Any individual microorganism; a microphyte or 
microzoon: chiefly used as a synonym of vege- 
table microorganism. 
microbemia (mi-kro-be'me-ah). Same as micro- 
hemia. 
microbian (mi-kro'be-an). i. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a microbe. 2. A microbe. 
microbic (mi-kro'bik). Of or pertaining to microbes, 
microbicidal (mi"kro-bis-i'dal) [microbe + L. 
catdere to kill]. Destructive to microbes. 
microbicide (mi-kro'bis-id) [microbe 4- L. cce'dere 
to kill], i. An agent that destroys microbes. 2. 
Destructive to microbes. 
microbicidin (mi"kro-bis-i'din). See microcidin. 
microbiohemia (mi"kro-bi-o-he'me-ah) [Gr. pi«p6s 
small -|- filos life 4* aipa blood]. A diseased con- 
dition resulting from the presence of microbes in 
the blood. 
microbiologic (mi"kro-bi-o-loj,ik). Pertaining to 
microbiology. 
microbiologist (mi"kro-bi-ol'o-jist). One ex- 
pert and learned in the study of microbes. 
microbiology (mi"kro-bi-ol'o-je) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- 0los life + Xoyos science]. The science which 
deals with the study of microorganisms, including 
bacteria, molds, and pathogenic protozoa. As gen- 
erally employed the term is synonymous with 
bacteriology. 
microbion (mi-kro'be-on). Microbe. 
microbio nation (mi"kro-be-o-na'shun). Same as 
bacterination. 
microbiophobia (mi"kro-be-o-fo'be-ah) [microbe 
4- Gr. pbBos fear]. A morbid dread of microbes. 
microbioscope (mi-kro-bi'o-skop) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- filos life 4- trKoireiv to see]. A microscope for 
examining microbes or for studying living tissue. 
microbiosis (mi"kro-bi-o'sis). Infection by a 
microbe. 
microbiotic (mi-kro-bi-ot'ik). i. Microbic. 2. 
Having a short life. 
microbism (mi'kro-bizm). Infestation with mi- 
crobes. latent m., the presence in the body of 
inactive organisms which only await favorable con- 
ditions to become active. 
microblast (mi'kro-blast) [Gr. piKpbs small 4- ^Xaa- 
rbs germ]. An immature blood-corpuscle. 
microblepharia, microblepharism, micro- 
blepharon, microblephary (mi"kro-blef-a'- 
re-ah, mi-kro-blef'ar-izm, mi"kro-blef'ar-on, mi"- 
kro-blef'ar-e) [Gr. piKpbs small 4- @Xe<papov eye- 
lid]. Abnormal smallness of the eyelids. 
microbrachia (mi-kro-bra'ke-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- Ppaxluv arm]. Abnormal smallness of the arms. 
microbrachius (mi-kro-bra'ke-us) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- /dpaxlwv arm]. A fetus with preternaturally 
small arms. 
microbrenner (mi-kro-bren'er) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- Ger. Brenner burner]. A needle-pointed electric 
cautery. 
microby (mi'kro-be). Same as microbiology. 
microcalorie, microcalory (mi-kro-kal'o-re). 
The heat required to raise i c.c. of distilled water 
from o° to i° C. 
microcardia (mi-kro-kar'de-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- Kapbia heart]. Smallness of the heart. 
microcentrum (mi-kro-sen'trum) [Gr. piKpbs small 
4- Kevrpov center]. The dynamic center of a cell, 
microcephalia, microcephalism, microceph- 
aly (mi"kro-sef-a'le-ah, mi-kro-sef'al-izm, mi"kro- 
sefal-e) [Gr. piKpbs small 4- KetpaXi) head]. Ab- 
normal smallness of the head. 
MICROCEPHALIA microcephalic, microcephalous (mi"kro-sef-al'- 
ik, mi-kro-sef'al-us) [Gr. piKpbs small + KepaXr/ 
head]. Having a small head. 
microcephalus (mi-kro-sef'al-us) [Gr. piKpbs small 
+ KetpaXi) head]. An idiot or fetus with a very 
small head. 
microchemical (mi-kro-kem'ik-al). Pertaining to 
microchemistry. 
microchemistry (mi-kro-kem'is-tre) [Gr. piKpbs 
small T chemistry]. Minute chemical investi- 
gation; chemistry which necessitates the use of the 
microscope. 
microchiria (mi-kro-ki're-ah) [Gr. pixpos small + 
Xelp hand]. Abnormal smallness of the hands. 
microcidin (mi-kro-si'din) [microbe + L. ca'dere 
to kill]. A substance, C^H^ONa; sodium beta- 
naphtholate: an external antiseptic; internally an 
antiseptic and antipyretic; administered in a 3 
per cent, solution. 
microcnemia (mi-krok-ne'me-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small 
+ Kwr)pr) tibia]. Abnormal shortness of the leg 
below the knee. 
Micrococcus (mi-kro-kok'us) [Gr. pcKpbs small + 
kokkos kernel]. 1. A minute bacterial coccus or 
cell-form. 2. A genus of Coccaceae, including Gram- 
negative cocci, showing irregular masses and usually 
yellow pigment. M. ac'idi lac'tici, a coccus of 
fresh milk causing lactic-acid fermentation and a 
red color. It occurs in the form of large non-motile 
cocci. M. ac'idi lac'tici liquefa'ciens, a va- 
riety from cheesy butter, in oval, immotile cocci, 
often seen in pairs or tetrads. M. aero'genes, a 
species from the alimentary canal: it occurs in 
oval, non-motile cocci. M. ag'ilis. Same as 
Rhodococcus agilis. M. al'bus liquefa'ciens, 
a species from the healthy nasal passages. Its 
cocci are oblong or spheric and non-motile. M. 
amylov'orus, a coccus which causes apple- and 
pear-blight: it produces a fermentation in sac- 
charine solutions. The cocci are solitary and 
elongated. M. aquat'ilis, a species found in 
fresh water; the cocci are very minute and form 
irregular groups. M. ascofor'mans, a species 
found in the diseased pelvic tissues of the horse; it 
causes septicemia and inflammatory edema 
(botryomycosis). The cocci are non-motile and 
paired. M. auranti'acus, a non-pathogenic 
micrococcus, in round or oval cocci, arranged in 
groups. It produces yellow, slimy, knob-shaped 
cultures. M. au'reus, Same as Staphylococcus 
pyogenes aureus. M. billro'thii, a species found 
in decaying bouillon. Its cultures give off a cheesy 
odor: it produces mucous fermentation in beet- 
juice. M. bis'kra, capsulated diplococci from pus 
of Biskra button: produces oriental sore in ani- 
mals. M. botryog'enus. Same as M. asco- 
jormans. M. can'dicans. See Staphylococcus 
candicans. M. capillo'rum, a species from the 
scalp which changes the color of the hair. The 
cocci are reddish yellow and form a zooglea. M. 
capri'nus, a species said to be the cause of a dis- 
ease of goats called takosis. See takosis. M. car'- 
neus, a kind from flowing water: it produces a 
red pigment. The cocci are non-motile and are 
arranged in clusters. M. catarrha'lis. See 
Neisseria catarrhalis. M. ceras'inus sic'cus, 
a variety from water, producing a dull-red pig- 
ment: in single or paired, immotile cocci. M. 
ce'reus. Same as Staphylococcus cereus. M. 
chlori'nus, a species which produces a yellow- 
ish-green pigment. The cocci are spheric. M. 
cinnaba'reus, a species from air and water: 
forms a brick-red pigment. M. cit'reus, a 
species found in water and in osteomyelitis, in 
rounded, non-motile cocci, single, paired, or in 
chains. It produces a dingy yellowish pigment. 
M. concen'tricus, a species from water forming 
irregular masses of non-motile cocci. M. cremoi'- 
des, a species found in water, named from its 
creamy pigment; in clusters of non-motile cocci. 
M. crepus'culum, a form from putrefying liquids. 
The cocci are spheric or ovoid, sometimes forming 
MICROCEPHALIC 
671 
a zooglea. M. cumula'tus ten'uis, a non- 
pathogenic variety from healthy nasal mucus. It 
is seen in spheric masses of oblong, immotile cocci. 
M. cya'neus, a species found in the air: it forms a 
blue pigment on potato. The cocci are ellipsoid. 
M. dif'fluens, a saprophytic form found in air, 
dust, and _ feces. The cocci are elliptic. M. 
endocardit'idis ruga'tus, a pathogenic species 
found on the valvular vegetations of ulcerative 
endocarditis: in round cocci, single, paired, or in 
tetrads. M. fervido'sus, a species found in 
water: not pathogenic. The cocci are round, 
non-motile, and form pairs or small groups. M. 
floc'cii, a species found in the conjunctival sac: 
cocci spheric. M. fla'vus conjuncti'vse, a spe- 
cies from the human conjunctiva: pathogenic 
in rabbits. The cocci are spheric, immotile, 
single, paired, or in chains. M. fla'vus de'~ 
sidens, a species from air and water producing 
a brownish pigment. M. fla'vus liquefa'ciens, 
a species from air, water, and the air-passages, 
forming a yellow pigment. The cocci are non- 
motile, often in pairs or masses. M. fla'vus 
tardigra'dus, a species from air and water, pro- 
ducing a yellow pigment and forming masses of 
immotile spheric cocci. M. foet'idus, an ill- 
smelling form from the nasopharynx and from 
rotting teeth. In cocci, sometimes paired or in 
chains. M. fus'cus, a species from water, form- 
ing non-motile cocci or short rods, and producing 
a dark-brown pigment. M. gelatino'sus, a 
species from milk, which it coagulates. The 
cocci are oval and hyaline. M. ghidial'lii, a 
species said to be destructive to the enteric fever 
germ. M. gingi'vae pyo'genes, a pathogenic 
species from the buccal cavity and alveolar ab- 
scesses. The cocci are single or paired, irregular, 
and non-motile. M. gonorrhoea. See Neis- 
seria gonorrhoea. M. hamato'des, a form from 
the hair of persons with red sweat, and also from 
the sweat of the armpit. It produces a red pig- 
ment. M. intertri'ginis (of Rossbach), a species 
said to be the cause of erythema intertrigo. M. 
intracellula'ris meningit idis. See Neisseria 
intracellularis. M. lanceola'tus. See Diplo- 
coccus lanceolatus. M. leucochromag'enes, a 
species from the intestines of persons resident in 
the tropics. M. liquefa'ciens conjuncti vae, 
a form from the normal human conjunctiva: patho- 
genic to rabbits. The cocci are non-motile and are 
generally single. M. loewenber'gii, a species 
from the nose in ozena: actively pathogenic; in 
short, motile rods, often in pairs or chains. M. 
lysodeik'ticus, an organism found in the nasal 
cavity, m. mastit'idis, a species which produces 
mastitis in cows; found in the milk and pus of in- 
flamed udders of cows. It sours milk, but is not 
pathogenic to man. Its cocci are single or in pairs. 
M. masto'bius, a species from the milk of sheep 
with gangrenous mastitis: pathogenic to sheep and 
rabbits. Its cocci are minute and non-motile, 
usually paired or in groups. M. meliten'sis. 
See Bacterium melitensis. M. meningit'idis. 
See Neisseria intracellularis meningitidis. M. 
mich'eli, a species found in the follicles of tra- 
choma. M. nasa'lis, a non-pathogenic form from 
the nasopharynx: highly motile and forming diplo- 
cocci or streptococci. M. neofor'mans, a patho- 
genic species from cancer, in the form of minute 
cocci, single, in pairs, or in short chains. M. ni- 
trif'icans, a species from the soil, in spheric cocci: 
it changes various nitrogen compounds into ni- 
trates. Nocard's m. See M. mastobius. M. 
ochroleu'cus, a motile species found in urine. 
Cultures produce a yellow pigment and give off a 
sulphurous odor. m. of osteomyelitis, a patho- 
genic form from osteomyelitis, believed to be the 
same as Staphylococ'cus pyo'genes au'reus: its cocci 
are immotile and single or in groups. M. o'vis, an 
organism resembling Staphylococ'cus pyo'genes 
al'bus, from gangrenous mastitis in sheep. M. 
parameliten'sis, a distinct variety of Micro- 
coc'cus meliten'sis, differing from it in its agglutin- 
MICROCOCCUS ating reactions. M. paratetra'genus, a species 
found in the nasal cavities, and believed to cause 
acute coryza. M. pasteu'ri, a form from saliva, 
resembling the bacillus of Friedlander. M. 
pflii'geri, a species from decaying flesh and 
potatoes: seen as minute cocci, often forming a 
zooglea. M. pharyn'gis sic'cus, a Gram- 
negative organism often found in the normal 
pharynx and recognized by its dry aerated colonies 
on simple culture-media. M. plumo'sus, a 
species from water, the cocci often forming a 
zooglea. M. pneumo niae. See pneumococcus. 
M. porcello'rum, a pathogenic species from 
swine with hepatitis. m. of progressive 
lymphoma, a highly pathogenic species from the 
sputum of pneumonia after measles and from the 
progressive lymphoma of animals. The cocci are 
non-motile, single or paired. M. pyo'genes 
ten'uis, a form from large abscesses. M. radia'- 
tus, a species from air and water, in slightly motile 
cocci. M. restit'uens, a species that changes 
peptones into albumin. M. rheumat'icus. See 
Streptococcus rheumaticus. M. rosenbach'ii, a 
species from the pus of abscesses, resembling 
Staphylococ'cus pyo'genes al'bus. M. roseta'- 
ceus, a species from aqueduct water, forming 
clusters of irregular, non-motile cocci. M. ro'- 
seus. See Rhodococcus roseus. M. saliva'rius 
sep'ticus, a form from the sputum of puerperal 
septicemia in round or ovoid cocci. Schutz's 
m., the organism which causes strangles in the 
horse. M. tetra'genus. See Staphylococcus 
tetragenus. M. tetra'genus mob'ilis ventric'- 
uli, a variety from the stomach, in tetrads of 
motile encapsulated cocci. M. tetra'genus 
subflav'us, a form from nasal mucus, in flat, 
dirty white colonies of round or ovoid, non-motile 
cocci, grouped in fours. M. u'rae. See Staphylo- 
coccus urece. M. uri'nse al'bus, M. uri'nse 
fla'vus, M. uri'nse ma'jor, three forms from 
the urine of cystitis, etc. M. urinal'bus, a form 
from the urine of cystitis and pyelonephritis. M. 
versat'ilis, a species found in the healthy skin 
and in the viscera after death from yellow fever. 
M. versic'olor, a species from air and water, in 
pairs or masses of small cocci. It produces, an 
iridescent, yellowish-green pigment. M. vin- 
iper'da, a species found in spoiled wine. M. 
vir'dis flaves'cens, a species from the lymph of 
varicella. M. visco'sus, a streptococcus from 
diseased wine. M. viticulo'sus, a species from 
air and water. The cocci are ovoid and form a 
dense zooglea. M. xanthogen'icus, a form from 
yellow-fever patients. M. zymo'genes. See 
Streptococcus zymogenes. 
microcolon (mi-kro-ko'lon). An abnormally small 
colon. 
microcolorimeter (mi"kro-kol"o-rim'et-er). A 
colorimeter for use with small quantities of blood. 
microconidium (mi-kro-ko-nid'e-um). The smaller 
form of conidium or exospore of certain of the 
higher parasitic fungi. 
microcornea (mi-kro-kor'ne-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 
4- cornea]. Unusual smallness of the cornea. 
microcosmic (mi-kro-koz'mik) [Gr. ptKpbs little + 
Koapos world]. Pertaining to or derived from 
the human body (man was formerly spoken of 
as the microcosm, or little world.; that is, as an 
epitome of the universe). See under salt. 
microcoulomb (mi-kro-koo'lom). The one-mil- 
lionth part of a coulomb. 
microcoustic (mi-kro-koo'stik) [Gr. ptKpbs small 
4- aKovetv to hear]. 1. Rendering feeble sounds 
audible. 2. An apparatus for such purpose. 
microcrith (mi'kro-krith) [Gr. ptKpbs little 4- 
crith]. The weight of one atom of hydrogen. 
microcrystalline (mi-kro-kris'tal-in) [Gr. ptKpos 
small + crystalline]. Made up of minute crystals, 
microcurie (mi-kro-ku're). One-millionth of a 
curie. 
MICROCOLON 
672 
microcyst (mi'kro-sist) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- Kuarts 
cyst]. A very small cyst. 
microcytase (mi-kro-si'tas). A cytase formed by 
microphages and capable of dissolving bacteria. 
See macrocytase. 
microcyte (mi'kro-slt) [Gr. ptKpbs small + kotos 
cell], i. An undersized red blood-corpuscle. 2. 
A polymorphonuclear leukocyte. 
microcythemia (mi"kro-si-the'me-ah) [microcyte 
+ Gr. alpa blood]. A condition in which the 
red blood-corpuscles are undersized. 
microcytosis (mi"kro-si-to'sis). Increase in the 
number of microcytes. Same as microcythemia. 
microdactylia (mi"kro-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs 
small + SaKTuXos finger]. Unusual smallness of 
the fingers and toes. 
microdentism (mi-kro-den'tizm). The state of 
having teeth smaller than normal. 
microdetermination (mi"kro-de-ter-min-a'shun). 
A chemical examination in which minute quantities 
of the substance to be examined are used. 
microdissection (mi"kro-dis-ek'shun). Dissec- 
tion of tissue under the microscope. 
microdont (mi'kro-dont) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- bbovs 
tooth]. Having very small teeth. 
micro-estimation (mi"kro-es-tim-a'shun). See 
microdetermination. 
microfarad (mi-kro-far'ad). One-millionth of a 
farad. 
microfilaria (mi"kro-fil-a're-ah). The larval state 
of filaria in the blood. 
microgamete (mi-kro-gam'et) [Gr. ptKpbs small + 
yaper^s spouse]. A flagellum or conjugating re- 
productive male cell-element of malaria and cer- 
tain other animal microorganisms and fungi. 
microgametocyte (mi"kro-gam-e'to-sit) [Gr. 
ptKpbs small + yaperqs spouse + kvtos cell]. Any 
cell of a kind producing the microgametes of 
malaria and of other kinds of protozoa. 
microgamy (mi-krog'am-e). Conjugation or fusion 
between young protozoan individuals. 
microgastria (mi-kro-gas'tre-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 
+ yaariip stomach]. Congenital smallness of the 
stomach. 
microglossia (mi-kro-glos'e-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 
+ vXwaaa tongue]. Undersize of the tongue. 
micrognathia (mi-krog-na'the-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs 
small + yva.fi os jaw]. Unusual or undue smallness 
of the jaws. 
microgram (mi'kro-gram) [Gr. ptKpbs small + Fr. 
gramme], 1. One-millionth part of a gram. 2. 
A photograph of a microscopic object. 
micrograph (mi'kro-graf) [see micrography]. An 
instrument for recording extremely minute move- 
ments. It acts by making a greatly magnified 
record on a photographic film of the minute motions 
of a diaphragm. 
micrography (mi-krog'raf-e) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- 
ypa<petv to write]. 1. An account of microscopic 
objects. 2. The writing of very small letters. 3. 
Examination with the microscope. 
microgyria (mi-kro-jir'e-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small + 
yvpos circle]. Abnormal smallness of the convo- 
lutions of the brain. 
microhepatia (mi-kro-hep-at'e-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs 
small + r/rrap liver]. Smallness of the liver. 
microhistology (mi"kro-his-tol'o-je) [Gr. ptKpbs 
small + histology]. Microscopic histology. 
microhm (mi'krom) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- ohm]. 
One-millionth part of an ohm. 
microkinematography (mi"kro-kin-e-mat-og'- 
raf-e) [Gr. ptKpos small + Ktwr]pa movement + 
ypatpetv to write]. The making of moving pictures 
of microscopic objects. 
microleukoblast (mi-kro-lu'ko-blast). Same as 
myeloblast. 
microliter (mi'kro-le-ter) [Fr. microlitre; Gr. ptKpbs 
small + liter]. One-millionth part of a liter. 
MICROLITER MICROLOGY 
673 
MICROSCOPY 
micrology (mi-krol'o-je) [Gr. piKpbs small 4- Xoyos 
treatise]. A scientific account of microscopic 
objects. 
micromania (mi-kro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small + 
pavia madness]. An insane belief that one's own 
body has become reduced in size. 
micromazia (mi-kro-ma'ze-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small + 
pa^bs breast]. Abnormal smallness of the mamma. 
micromegalopsia (mi"kro-meg-al-op'se-ah) [Gr. 
piKpbs small + peyas large + bipis vision]. The 
condition in which objects appear too small or too 
large or too small and too large by turns. 
micromegaly (mi-kro-meg'al-e) [Gr. piKpbs small 
+ peyas great]. Same as progeria. 
micromelus (mi-krom'el-us) [Gr. piKpbs small + 
peKos limb]. A monster-fetus with undersized 
limbs. 
Micromeria (mi-kro-me're-ah). See yerba buena. ■ 
micrometer (mi-krom'et-er) [Gr. piKpbs small -f- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
objects seen through the microscope, eye-piece 
m., ocular m., a micrometer to be used in con- 
nection with the eye-piece of a microscope, stage- 
m., a micrometer fastened to the stage of a micro- 
scope. 
micrometer (mi'kro-me-ter). Same as micron. 
micromethod (mi-kro-meth'od). See microdeter- 
mination. < 
micrometry (mi-krom'et-re). The measurement 
of microscopic objects. 
micromicron (mi-kro-mi'kron). The thousandth 
part of a micron, represented by the symbol up. 
micromillimeter (mik-ro-mil'im-e-ter). See mi- 
cron. 
micromotoscope (mi-kro-mo'to-skop) [Gr. piKpbs 
small + L. mo'tio motion + Gr. aKOTce'iv to view]. 
A device for photographing microscopic objects 
and showing their movements. 
Micromyces (mi-krom'is-ez) [Gr. piKpbs small + 
pwqs fungus]. See Streptothrix. 
micromyelia (mi"kro-mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small 
+ gveXos marrow]. Abnormal smallness of the 
spinal cord. 
micromyeloblast (mi-kro-mi'el-o-blast). Same as 
myeloblast. 
micromyelolymphocyte (mi"kro-mi"el-o-lim'- 
fo-sit). Same as myeloblast. 
micron (mi'kron) [Gr. piKpbs small]. One-millionth 
part of a meter or one-thousandth part of a mil- 
limeter; a micromillimeter. It is usually repre- 
sented by the Greek letter p. 
microne (mi'kron) [Gr. piKpbs small]. A particle 
which may be distinguished by the microscope; 
compare amicrone and submicrone. 
micronucleus (mi-kro-nu'kle-us) [Gr. piKpbs small 
+ nucleus]. A small nucleus. 
microorganic (mi-kro-or-gan'ik). Pertaining to 
a microorganism. 
microorganism (mi-kro-or'gan-izm) [Gr. piKpbs 
small -]- organ ism]. Any minute animal or plant. 
microorganismal (mi-kro-or-gan-iz'mal). ] Per- 
taining to microorganisms. 
microparasite (mi-kro-par'as-it). A parasitic 
microorganism. 
micropathology (mi"kro-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. piKpbs 
small 4- pathology]. 1. The sum of what is known 
regarding minute pathologic changes. 2. The 
pathology of diseases caused by microorganisms. 
micropenis (mi-kro-pe'nis). Abnormal smallness 
of the penis. 
microphage, microphagus (mi'kro-faj, mi-krof'- 
ag-us) [Gr. piKpbs small 4- <payeiv to eat]. A 
phagocyte of small size; a small, actively motile, 
polynuclear leukocyte which causes phagocytosis of 
the bacteria of acute affections. 
microphagocyte (mi-kro-fag'o-sit) [Gr. piKpbs 
small + phagocyte]. A phagocyte of the smaller 
type. 
microphallus (mi-kro-fal'us) [Gr. pcupos small + 
<pa.XXbs penis]. Abnormal smallness of the penis. 
microphobia (mi-kro-fo'be-ah) [microbe + Gr. 
<pb^os fear]. Insane dread of microbes. 
microphone (mi'kro-fon) [Gr. pcKpos small 4- 
sound]. A device for rendering feeble sounds 
audible. 
microphonia (mi-kro-fo'ne-ah) [see microphone}. 
Marked weakness of the voice. 
microphonograph (mi-kro-fo'no-graf) [Gr. piKpos 
small + tpwvri voice + ypaupeiv to record]. An 
instrument which magnifies and records delicate 
sounds: it is used in training the deaf to speak. 
microphonoscope (mi-kro-fo'no-skop) [Gr. pcKpbs 
small + <pwq voice + a noir el v to view]. A bin- 
aural stethoscope having a membrane in the chest- 
piece which accentuates the sound. 
microphotograph (mi-kro-fo'to-graf) [Gr. piKpbs 
small + photograph], i. A photomicrograph. 
2. A photograph of microscopic size. 
microphthalmia (mi-krof-thal'me-ah) [Gr. piKpbs 
small 4- bipOaXpbs eye]. Abnormal smallness of 
the eyes. 
microphthalmus (mi-krof-thal'mus). i. Same as 
microphthalmia. 2. A person with abnormally 
small eyes. 
microphysics (mi-kro-fiz'iks) [Gr. piKpbs small 4- 
physics]. The science which deals with the ulti- 
mate structure of matter, i. e., with molecules, 
atoms, and electrons. 
microphyte (mi'kro-fit) [Gr. piKpbs small + ipvrbv 
plant]. Any microscopic plant. 
micropia (mi-kro'pe-ah). Same as micropsia. 
microplasia (mi-kro-pla'ze-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small + 
irXaaaeiv to form]. Dwarfism. 
microplastocyte (mi-kro-plas'to-sit) [Gr. piKpbs 
small + plastocyte]. An undersized blood-plate. 
micropolariscope (mi"kro-po-lar'is-kbp). A 
microscope with a polariscope attached. 
microprosopus (mi"kro-pros-o'pus) [Gr. piKpbs 
small + rcpbawnov face]. A fetus with a small or 
undeveloped face. 
microprotein (mi-kro-pro'te-in). The albuminous 
element of a bacillus. 
micropsia (mi-krop'se-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small + o^is 
vision]. A condition in which objects seen seem 
to be smaller than they really are.V 
micropsychia (mi-krop-si'ke-ah) [Gr. piKpbs small 
+ 'pvxy soul]. Feebleness of mind. 
micropus (mik'ro-pus) [Gr. piKpbs small + srovs 
foot]. A person with abnormally small feet. 
micropyle (mik'ro-pll) [Gr. piKpbs small + ttuXt? 
gate]. An opening through which, in malarial and 
in some other animal organisms, the spermatozoon 
may enter the ovum. 
microrchidia (mi-kror-kid'e-ah) [Gr. pucpos small 
+ bpx<s testicle]. Abnormal smallness of the 
testicle. 
microrefractometer (mi"kro-re-frak-tom'et-er). 
A refractometer for the discovery of variations in 
the minute structure of blood-corpuscles. 
microscope (mi'kro-skbp) [Gr. piKpbs small + 
(TKoireiv to view]. An instrument which magni- 
fies minute objects for visual inspection, binoc- 
ular m., a microscope to be used with both eyes 
together, compound m., one that contains two 
or more lenses, simple m., one which consists 
of a single lens, or of several lenses which act as 
one. 
microscopic, microscopical (mi-kro-skop'ik, 
mi-kro-skop'ik-al). Pertaining to or visible only by 
the aid of the microscope. 
microscopy (mi-kros'ko-pe) [Gr. piKpbs small + 
aKoireiv to view]. Observation by means of the 
microscope, clinical m., employment of the 
microscope in making clinical diagnoses. MICROSECTION 
674 
MIDTARSAL 
microsection (mi-kro-sek'shun). An extremely 
thin section for examination with the microscope. 
microseme (mi'kro-sem) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- af]pa 
sign]. Having an orbital index of less than 83°. 
Microsiphonales (mi"kro-si-fo-na'lez). Tricho- 
mycetes. 
microslide (mi'kro-slid). The slide on which ob- 
jects for microscopic examination are mounted. 
microsmatic (mi-kros-mat'ik) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- 
bapaetv to smell]. Having the sense of smell, but 
of relatively feeble development. 
microsol (mi'kro-sol). A disinfectant mixture of 
copper sulphocarbolate, copper sulphate, sul- 
phuric acid, and water: used in a 2 or 3 per cent, 
solution. 
microsoma (mi-kro-so'mah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- 
atbpa body], A very low but not dwarfish stature. 
microsome (mi'kro-som) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- awpa 
body]. One of the finely granular elements of 
all protoplasm. 
microsomia (mi-kro-so'me-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- 
a&pa body]. An undersized state of the body. 
microspectroscope (mi-kro-spek'tro-skop) [Gr. 
ptKpbs small 4- spectroscope], A spectroscope to 
be used in connection with a microscope for the 
examination of the spectra of microscopic objects. 
microsphere (mi'kro-sfer). The central part of the 
astrosphere of a segmenting cell. 
microsphygmia (mi-kro-sfig'me-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs 
small 4- irtpvypbs pulse]. That condition of the 
pulse in which it is perceived with difficulty by the 
finger. 
microsphyxia (mi-kro-sfiks'e-ah). Same as micro- 
sphygmia. 
Microspira (mi-kros'pir-ah). A genus of bacteria 
of the family Spirillaceae; the cells are rigid and 
have one, two, or three wavy polar flagella. 
Microspirone'ma pal'lidum. Same as Spiro- 
chata pallida. 
microsplenia (mi-kro-sple'ne-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 
4- air\fiv spleen]. Smallness of the spleen. 
microsplenic (mi-kro-sple'nik). Not marked by 
splenic enlargement. 
microsporia (mi-kro-spo're-ah). Same as Gruby's 
disease; see under disease. 
Microsporidium (mi"kro-spo-rid'e-um) [Gr. ptKpbs 
small 4- sporidium], A genus or form of micro- 
organisms, probably animals. Microsporidia in- 
fest the marsh-tortoise, and are found in silk- 
worms diseased with pebrine. 
Microsporon (mi-kros'po-ron) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- 
airbpos seed]. A genus of small-spored ringworm 
fungi which cause various diseases of the skin and 
hair. M. audoui'ni, one of the trichophyton 
fungi. It is the chief of the small-spored group and 
causes a form of tinea tonsurans. M. feli'neum 
and M. lano'sum (M. ca'nis) are of animal origin, 
but cause some infections in man. M. flaves'- 
cens, a Brazilian organism found in the tinea of 
children by Parreiras Horta (1911). M. fur'fur 
is the cause of pityriasis versicolor. It appears in 
the form of large conidia, in regular masses of thirty 
or more, together with short, branched mycelia 
connecting the masses of conidia. M. menta- 
groph'ytes, a species found in the hair-follicles 
in sycosis. M. minutis'simum, the fungus 
which causes erythrasma. M. tar'dum is of 
human origin. 
microsporosis (mi"kro-spo-ro'sis). A trichophy- 
tosis caused by one or more of the "small-spored" 
trichophyton fungi. M. cap'itis. See tinea 
tonsuraus. 
Microsporum (mi-kros'po-rum). Microsporon. 
microstat (mi'kro-stat). The stage and finder of a 
microscope. 
microstethophone (mi-kro-steth'o-fon) [Gr. ptKpbs 
small 4- gttiOos chest 4- <puvi) voice]. A proprie- 
tary form of stethoscope. 
microstethoscope (mhkro-steth'o-skbp) [Gr. /xt- 
Kpbs small + stethoscope], A form of stethoscope 
said to be constructed upon the principles of a tele- 
phone. 
microstomia (mi-kro-sto'me-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 
+ arbpa mouth]. Undue smallness of the mouth. 
micro technic (mi-kro-tek'nik). The construction 
and manipulation of the microscope. 
microtia (mi-kro'she-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- ous 
ear]. Undersize of the external ear. 
microtome (mik'ro-tom) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- rep- 
vetv to cut]. An instrument for cutting thin slips 
for microscopic study, freezing m., a micro- 
tome for cutting frozen objects, rocking m., 
a microtome in which the specimen is held in the 
end of a lever which passes up and down over a 
stationary knife. 
microtomy (mi-krot'o-me) [Gr. ptKpbs small -|- 
repvetv to cut]. The cutting of thin sections. 
micro-Unit (mi-kro-u'nit). A unit of small meas- 
urements. 
microvolt (mi'kro-volt) [Gr. ptKpbs small + volt]. 
One-millionth part of a volt. 
microvolumetry (mi"kro-vol-u'met-re). Vierordt 
term for the counting of the cells of any body fluid. 
microxycyte (mi-krok'se-sit) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- 
6^ us sharp, acid 4- kvtos cell]. Any finely granu- 
lar oxyphil cell. 
microxyphil (mi-kroks'e-fil). Same as microxy- 
cyte. 
microzoaria (mi-kro-zo-a're-ah) [Gr. ptKpbs small 
4~ faov animal]. A general term for all microor- 
ganisms. 
microzoon (mi-kro-zo'on), pl. microzo'a [Gr. ptKpbs 
small 4- $Qov animal]. Any microscopic animal 
organism. 
microzyme (mi'kro-zim) [Gr. ptKpbs small 4- ^vprj 
leaven]. One of numerous particles existing in 
the protoplasm and regarded by some as living 
microbes capable of causing fermentation. 
micturition (mik-tu-rish'un) [L. micturi're to urin- 
ate]. The passage of urine. 
midaxilla (mid-aks-il'ah). The center of the ax- 
illa. 
midbody (mid'bod-e). A body or a mass of gran- 
ules developed in the equatorial region of the 
spindle during the anaphase of mitosis. 
midbrain (mid'bran). The mesencephalon. 
midcarpal (mid-kar'pal). Between the two rows 
of bones of the carpus. 
middlepiece (mid'el-pes). i. The part of a horse 
between the fore- and hind-quarters. 2. The por- 
tion of a spermatozoon between its head and flagel- 
lum. 
midfrontal (mid-fron'tal). Pertaining to the mid- 
dle of the forehead. 
midge (mij). A small dipterous insect, owl m. 
See Phlebotomus. 
midgracile (mid-gras'il). Median and gracile: 
noting the median gracile sulcus. 
midgut (mid'gut). The mesogaster; an embryonic 
structure whence the jejunum and ileum are de- 
veloped. 
midoccipital (mid-ok-sip'it-al). Pertaining to the 
middle of the occiput. 
midpain. Intermenstrual pain. 
midperiphery (mid-per-if'er-e). The middle zone 
of the retina. 
midriff (mid'rif). The diaphragm. 
midrol (mid'rol). A mydriatic in the form of white 
crystals, the iodomethylate of phenylpyrazon. 
midsection (mid-sek'shun). A cut through the 
middle of any organ. 
midsternum (mid-ster'num). See mesosternum. 
midtarsal (mid-tar'sal). Between the two rows of 
bones of the tarsus. MILK 
midtegmentum (mid-teg-men'tum). The median 
or central part of the tegmentum. 
midventricle (mid-ven'trik-el). The cavity of the 
midbrain or mesencephalon. 
midwife (mid'wif). A woman who delivers par- 
turient women. 
midwifery (mid'wi-fer-e). See obstetrics. 
Mierzejewski effect (mer-ze-jew'ske). See under 
effect. 
Miescher's tubes (me'sherz) [Johann Friedrich 
Miescher, Swiss pathologist, 1811-1887]. See under 
tube. 
Miescheria (me-she're-ah) [after Miescher}. A 
genus of sarcosporidia. M. mu'ris infests the 
muscles and livers of domestic and other animals, 
and has been found in human subjects, producing 
what are called Miescher's tubules. See under 
tubule. 
migrainator (mig-ran-a'tor). An instrument for 
the relief of migraine by compressing the head. 
migraine (me-gran') [Gr.]. A nervous affection 
marked by a periodic headache, often one-sided, 
and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and va- 
rious sensory disturbances, fulgurating m., 
violent migrane developing abruptly, ophthal- 
mic m., migraine accompanied by amblyopia or 
other visual disturbance, ophthalmoplegic m., 
periodic migraine followed by ophthalmoplegia. 
migrainin (mig-ran'in). A patented headache- 
remedy, phenazone-caffein-citrate, said to contain 
antipyrin (85 per cent.), caffein (9 per cent.), and 
citric acid (5 per cent.). Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
migrating (mi'grat-ing) [L. mi'grans}. Moving 
from place to place; occupying successively dif- 
ferent parts of the same organ. 
migration (mi-gra'shun) [L. migra'tio}. 1. An 
apparently spontaneous change of place. 2. The 
movement of leukocytes through the walls of the 
vessels, external m., the passage of an ovum 
from the ovary to the oviduct of the opposite side 
without passing through the uterus, internal 
m., the passing of an ovum from an ovary into 
the uterus in the normal way, followed by its 
entry into the opposite oviduct, m. of leuko- 
cytes, the passage of white corpuscles through 
the wall of a vessel, m. of the ovum, the passage 
of the ovum from the ovary. 
migrol (mig'rol). A proprietary headache remedy 
composed of caffein, guaiacetin, and sodium bi- 
carbonate. 
migrophen (mig'ro-fen). A proprietary combina- 
tion of quinin and lecithin for headache. 
migrosine (mig'ro-sin). A proprietary remedy for 
migraine: menthol dissolved in acetic ether. 
mikro-. For words thus beginning, see micro-. 
mikron (mi'kron), pl. mi'kra. Same as micron. 
Mikulicz's cells, disease, drain, operation, 
etc. (mik'u-litsh) [Johann von Mikulicz-Radechi, 
Polish surgeon, 1850-1905]. See under the nouns, 
mil (mil). A contraction for milliliter, the one- 
thousandth part of a liter. This term is used in the 
U. S. P. as equivalent to cubic centimeter. 
milammeter (mil-am'et-er). Same as milliam- 
peremeter. 
milchlin (miltsh'lin). A preparation of skimmed 
milk approaching whole milk in composition. 
mildew (mil'du). A parasitic fungus of many spe- 
cies; also a plant disease caused by it. 
mildiol (mil'de-ol). A disinfectant containing cre- 
osote and a petroleum derivative. 
milfoil (mil'foil). Yarrow. See Achillea. 
Milian's sign (meel-yaz') [Milian, contemporary 
French physician]. See sign. 
miliaria (mil-e-a're-ah) [L. mil'ium millet]. An 
acute inflammation of the sweat-glands, charac- 
terized by the formation of patches of small red 
papules and vesicles, with intense itching and 
MIDTEGMENTUM 
675 
burning of the skin. The disease is due to exces- 
sive sweating, and occurs in hot weather. Called 
also m. ru'bra and prickly-heat. m. al'ba, m. 
crystalli'na, miliaria in which the contents of 
the vesicles are opaque and white. Called also 
sudamina crystalli'na. m. ru'bra. See miliaria. 
miliary (mil'e-a-re) [L. milia'ris like a millet-seed]. 
i. Resembling a millet-seed. 2. Characterized by 
the formation of lesions resembling millet-seeds. 
milieu (mel-yew') [Fr.]. Surroundings; environ- 
ment. 
milium (mil'e-um), pl. mil'ia [L. "millet-seed"]. A 
small whitish nodule in the skin, especially of the 
face. Milia are usually retention-cysts of seba- 
ceous glands or hair-follicles, colloid m., a 
small yellowish papule in the corium of the skin 
which is the seat of a colloid degeneration. 
milk (milk) [L. lac}. The fluid secretion of the mam- 
mary gland forming the first food of young aniihals. 
adapted m., milk specially modified so as to 
adapt it to the child's digestive capacity, after- 
m., the stripping, or last milk taken at any one 
milking, albumin m., Finkelstein's specially 
prepared milk, poor in lactose and salts and rich 
in casein and fat. m. of asafetida, emulsion of 
asafetida. bacillary m., a proprietary milk 
fermented with a pure culture of Bacil'lus bulgar'- 
icus. bitter m., milk may be bitter in taste 
when first drawn because of bitter herbs in the feed 
or it may become bitter later from the growth of 
certain microorganisms, blue m.; milk made 
blue in color by the action of bacteria, usually 
Pseudomonas cyanogenes. Budde m., bud- 
deized m., milk sterilized by adding hydrogen 
dioxid, and heating, so as to decompose the dioxid 
and leave the oxygen, butter-m. [L. lac deflora'- 
tum}, milk or cream from which the fat has been 
removed, casein m., a prepared milk containing 
very little salts and sugars and a large amount of 
fat and casein, certified m., milk whose purity 
is certified by a committee of physicians or a med- 
ical milk commission, condensed m., milk 
which has been partly evaporated and sweetened 
with sugar, m. crust. See crusta lactea. m.- 
cure, the treatment of diseases by a diet of milk 
or of preparations of milk. See further under lac. 
diabetic m., milk containing a small percentage 
of lactose, dialyzed m., milk from which the 
sugar has been abstracted by being passed by 
dialysis through a parchment membrane, fore-m. 
1. The first milk that is taken at any milking. 
2. Same as colostrum, fortified m., milk made 
more nutritious by the addition of cream or white 
of egg. homogenized m., milk so treated that 
the fats become intimately combined with the 
general body of the milk: the emulsified particles 
of fat are made so minute that the cream does not 
separate, m. of iron, water which contains 
freshly precipitated ferric phosphate, laboratory 
m., milk prepared according to a special formula, 
m. of magnesia, magnesium hydroxid held in 
permanent suspension in a liquid: used as an ant- 
acid. modified m., the cream of cows milk 
mixed with water and lactose in the proper propor- 
tions: used for infant feeding, perhydrase m., 
milk to which hydrogen dioxid has been added, 
protein m., a modified milk preparation having 
a relatively low content of carbohydrate and fat 
and a relatively high protein content, red m. 
may be due to blood, to eating madder root, or 
to the growth of Erythrobacillus prodigiosus or 
other microorganisms, ropy m., milk which 
has become viscid so that it can be drawn out into 
threads. It is usually caused by the growth of 
Bacillus lactis viscosi and is eaten as a delicacy in 
Norway, salvarsan m., the milk from a goat 
that has received injections of salvarsan: used in 
treating syphilis in children. Schloss m., a modi- 
fied milk containing the same proportion of salts 
and fat as human milk. The formula is: 20 per 
cent, cream, 140 c.c.; full milk, 140 c.c.; water, 
700 c.c.; potassium chlorid, 0.2 gm.; dextrin and maltose, 50-70 gm.; nutrose, 5 gm. sour m., milk 
containing lactic acid, produced by the action of 
lactic-acid bacteria, m. of sulphur, precipitated 
sulphur, uterine m., a white, milky substance 
between the villi of the placenta of the gravid 
uterus, uviol m., milk sterilized by the action 
of ultraviolet rays, virgins' m. See lac virginale. 
Walker-Gordon m., a proprietary form of modi- 
fied milk, yoghurt m., a form of sour milk used 
in Bulgaria and containing lactic-acid bacilli, the 
most important of which is the Bacillus bulgari- 
cus. It is used in fermentative conditions of the 
digestive tract. 
milkine (milk'en). A yellow powder prepared 
from cow's milk, malted cereals, beef, calcium 
hydroxid, and sodium chlorid. 
milking (mil'king). The pressing out of the con- 
tents of a tubular part; such as the urethra, by 
running the finger along it. 
milk-leg. Phlegmasia alba dolens. 
milkpox (milk'poks). A disease resembling small- 
pox, occurring among the Kafirs of South Africa. 
Called also amaas. 
milk-sickness. See trembles. 
milk-spot (milk'spot). 1. A white spot sometimes 
observed on serous membrane. 2. A white mucous 
patch of secondary syphilis. 
milk-tooth. A deciduous tooth. See under tooth. 
Mill's disease (milz) [Charles K. Mills, neurologist 
in Philadelphia, born 1845]. See disease. 
Millar's asthma (mil'arz) [John Millar, British 
physician, 1735-1801]. See under asthma. 
Millard's test (mil'ards) [Henry B. Millard, 
American physician, 1832-1893]. See under tests. 
Millard-Gubler syndrome (me-yar-geb'ler) 
[August L. J. Millard, French physician, 1830- 
1915; see Gubler], Hemiplegia alternans. 
millefolium (mil-e-fo'le-um). A homeopathic 
preparation of Achil'lea millefo'lium. 
milliampere (mil"e-am-par') [Fr.]. One-thou- 
sandth part of an ampere. 
milliamperemeter (mil"e-am-par'me-ter). An 
instrument for measuring the strength of an elec- 
tric current in milliamperes. 
millibar (mil'ib-ar). One-thousandth part of a bar. 
millicurie (mil-ik-u're). A unit of radio-activity 
which is the amount of radium emanation equal to 
that of a milligram of radium. 
milligram (mil'ig-ram) [L. mil'le thousand + 
gram]. One-thousandth part of a gram, m.- 
hour, the amount of radium exposure produced by 
the application of 1 milligram of radium for one 
hour. The American unit is based on 1 mg. of 
radium element, the English unit on 1 mg. of radium 
bromid (containing about 50 per cent, of the ele- 
ment) ; the latter is therefore about half the strength 
of the American unit. Called also milligramage. 
milligramage (mil'ig-ram-aj). Same as milligram- 
hour. 
milliliter (mil'e-le-ter) [Fr. millilitre + L. mil'le 
+ liter]. One-thousand th part of a liter. See mil. 
millimeter (mil'im-e-ter) [L. mil'le thousand -|- 
meter]. One-thousandth part of a meter. 
millimicron (mil-im-i'kron). The millionth part of 
a millimeter. 
millimol (mil'im-ol). One-thousandth part of a 
gram-molecule. 
milling (mil'ing). In dentistry, the securing of a 
proper occlusion of artificial dentures by having 
the patient grind the teeth. 
millinormal (mil-in-or'mal) [L. mil'le thousand + 
normal]. Having one-thousandth part of what is 
normal. 
millions (mil'yunz). See Girardinus. 
Millon's reagent, test (mil'onz) [Auguste N. E. 
Millon, French chemist, 1812-1867]. See reagent 
and tests. 
MILKINE 
676 
Mills-Reincke phenomenon (milz-rink'e) [Hi- 
ram F. Mills, American engineer; J. J. Reincke, 
German physician]. See phenomenon. 
milossin (mi-los'in). A crystalline substance 
from the leaves of Tax'us bacca'la, or yew tree. 
milphse (mil'fe). Loss of eyebrows or eyelashes. 
milpho sis (mil-fo'sis). Milphee. 
Milroy's disease (mil'roys) [W. F. Milroy, Ameri- 
can physician, born 1855]. See under disease. 
milt-sickness (milt'sik-nes). Splenic disease in 
cattle. 
Milzbrand (milts'brahnt) [Ger.]. Anthrax. 
mimesis (mim-e'sis). The simulation of one disease 
by another. 
mimetic (mi-met'ik) [Gr. pipijriKbs]. Marked by 
simulation of another disease. 
mimic (mim'ik). Same as mimetic. 
mimmation (mim-a'shun). The habitual inser- 
tion of the " m " sound in speech in places where 
it does not belong. 
mimosis (mim-o'sis). Mimesis. 
min. An abbreviation for L. min'imum, a minim. 
mind-blindness. See blindness. 
mind-cure. Treatment of disease by impression 
or influences directed toward the mind of the 
patient, without the use of medicine. 
mind-deafness. See deafness. 
Mindererus, spirit of (min-der-e'rus) [Raimond 
Minderer, German physician, 1570 (?)-i62i]. Solu- 
tion of ammonium acetate. 
mind-pain (mlnd'pan). Same as psychalgia. 
mineral (min'er-al) [L. minera'le]. A non-organic 
homogeneous substance, crystal m., fused 
potassium nitrate, kermes m., antimony oxy- 
sulphid. turpeth m., yellow subsulphate of 
mercury. 
miners' elbow. See elbow, m. phthisis. See 
phthisis. 
mingin (min'jin). A nitrogenous compound, C13- 
H18N2O2, found in small amounts in the urine. 
minify (min'if-i) [L. mi'nus less]. To render less; 
to diminish. The opposite of magnify. 
minim (min'im) [L. min'imum least]. One-sixtieth 
part of a fluidram; often used as a synonym of drop. 
minimal (min'im-al) [L. min'imus least]. The 
smallest or least; the smallest possible. 
minimum (min'im-um) [L. " smallest "]._ The 
smallest amount or lowest limit, m. audib'ile, 
the auditory threshold. See under threshold, m. 
sensib'ile, the threshold of consciousness. See 
under threshold. 
Minin light (min'in) [A. V. Minin, contemporary 
Russian surgeon]. See light. 
minium (min'e-um) [L.]. Lead tetroxid, Pb3O4: 
red lead. 
Minkowski's figure, method (min-kov'skez) 
[Oskar Minkowski, Russian physician, born 1858]. 
See figure and method. 
minstra (min-strah') [Itai.]. A liqueur, or cordial, 
prepared at Soresina, Italy. 
mint (mint). See Mentha. 
miocardia (mi-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. gdwv less + KapSia 
heart]. The contraction of the heart; systole. 
miodidymus, miodymus (mi-o-did'im-us, mi-od'- 
im-us) [Gr. neluv less + bibvpos twin], A fetus 
with two heads joined at the occiputs. 
mionectic (mi-o-nek'tik) [Gr. peLoveKriKos dis- 
posed to take too little]. Taking up less than the 
average amount of oxygen, i. e., less than 70 per 
cent. Cf. mesectic and pleonectic. 
miophone (mi'o-fon) [Gr. pei&v less + <p&vi) 
sound]. A microphone for testing the muscles. 
mioplasmia (mi-o-plaz'me-ah) [Gr. pdosv less -f- 
TrXaaga plasma]. Abnormal decrease in the amount 
of plasma in the blood. 
MIOPLASMIA MIOPRAGIA 
677 
MITOMA 
miopragia (mi-o-pra'je-ah) [Gr. pdwp less 4- 
irpaaaetv to perform]. Decreased functional ac- 
tivity. 
miopus (mi'o-pus) [Gr. pdup less 4- face], A 
fetal monster with two fused heads, one face being 
rudimentary. 
miosis (mi-o'sis) [Gr. peiwats]. 1. Excessive con- 
traction of the pupil. 2. The process of chromo- 
some reduction in the cells of organisms, irrita- 
tive m. Same as spastic m. paralytic m., 
miosis due to paralysis of the dilator of the iris, 
spastic m., miosis due to spasm of the sphincter 
pupillae. spinal m., miosis occurring in spinal 
diseases. 
miostagmin (mi-o-stag'min) [Gr. pelup less 4- 
araypa drop]. A specific substance in the blood- 
serum of infected animals which will combine 
with antigen to lower the surface tension of the 
mixture, m. reaction. See reaction. 
miotic (mi-ot'ik). 1. Causing the pupil to con- 
tract. 2. An agent that causes the pupil to con- 
tract. The chief miotics are arecolin, eserin, 
morphin, muscarin, nicotin, physostigmin, and 
pilocarpin. 3. Affected with miosis. 4. Marked by 
miosis (2d def.). 
miracidium (mi-ras-id'e-um), pl. miracid'ia [Gr. 
"a little boy"]. The ciliated larva of a liver-fluke. 
mire (mer) [Fr.; L. mira're to look at]. A reflector 
for use in an ophthalmometer. 
mirion (mir'e-on). A proprietary yellow fluid, con- 
taining 1.7 per cent, of iodin: used in the treatment 
of syphilis. 
mirmol (mir'mol). A mixture of phenol and for- 
maldehyd: used as an application to ulcers and 
cancerous growths. 
mirror (mir'or) [Fr. miroir]. A polished surface 
that reflects light or creates visible images of ob- 
jects in front of it. concave m., one with a con- 
cave reflecting surface, convex m., one with a 
convex reflecting surface, frontal m., head- 
m., a circular mirror strapped to the head: used 
especially in connection with the laryngoscope 
or rhinoscope, plane-m., one with a flat reflect- 
ing surface, m.-speech, speech in which words 
are spoken backward, m.-writing, the writing 
of letters and words in reversed form, as if they 
were seen in a mirror. 
miryachit (mir-e'ah-shit) [Russ.]. A variety of 
palmus, or jumping disease, prevalent in Russia. 
miscarriage (mis-kar'ij). Abortion; premature 
expulsion of the fetus; birth of the fetus before the 
twenty-eighth week. 
miscarry (mis-kar'e). To give birth to a fetus be- 
fore it is viable. 
misce (mis'e). Latin for mix. 
miscegenation (mis"e-jen-a'shun) [L. misce're to 
mix 4- ge'nus race]. The intermarriage or union 
of persons of different races, or the procreation of 
persons of mixed race. 
miscible (mis'i-bl). Susceptible of being mixed. 
miserere mei (miz-er-e're me'i) [L. "have -mercy 
on me"]. An old name for volvulus or intestinal 
colic. 
misocainia (mi-so-ki'ne-ah) [Gr. pcaeip to hate 4" 
kuIpos new]. Hatred of new ideas. 
misogamy (mis-og'am-e) [Gr. piaeip to hate 4- yapos 
marriage]. Morbid aversion to marriage. 
misogyny (mis-oj'in-e) [Gr. piaeip to hate 4- yvp-q 
woman]. Insane dislike of women. 
misoneism(mis-o-ne'izrn) [Gr. piaeip to hate + peos 
new]. Morbid dislike of new things or new ideas. 
misopedia, misopedy (mis-o-pe'de-ah, mis-op'- 
e-de) [Gr. piaeip to hate 4- irais child]. Morbid 
dislike of children. 
Mist., mist. An abbreviation for L. mis'Iura, a 
mixture. 
mistletoe (mis'el-to). A parasitic plant, Vis'cum 
al'bum, with nervine leaves. Dose, 10-60 gr. 
(o.6-4 gm.). An American species, Phoraden'- 
dron Jlaves'cens, is aperient and antispasmodic, 
and is said to be a better oxytocic than ergot. 
mistura (mis-tu'rah). Latin for mixture, m. am- 
moni'aci, mixture or milk of ammoniac. Dose, 
4-8 fl.dr. (16-32 C.C.). m. amygdalae, mixture 
or milk of almonds. Dose, 2-4 fl.dr. (8-16 c.c,). 
m. asafoet'idae, mixture or milk of asafetida. 
Dose, 4-8 fl.dr. (16-32 c.c.). m. chlorofor'mi, 
chloroform mixture: anodyne and stimulant. 
Dose, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). m. copa'ibae com- 
pos'ita, the compound mixture of copaiba. 
Dose, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.). m. cre'tae, chalk 
mixture: antacid. Dose, 2-4 fl.dr. (8-16 c.c.). m. 
fer'ri aromat'ica, aromatic iron mixture. Dose, 
2-1 fl.oz. (16-32 c.c.). m. fer'ri compos'ita, 
compound mixture of iron. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (32-64 
c.c.). m. fer'ri et ammo'niae aceta'tis. See 
liquor Jerri, etc. m. glycyrrhi'zae compos'- 
ita, compound mixture of licorice; brown mix- 
ture. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (32-64 c.c.). m. guai'- 
aci, mixture or emulsion of the resin of guaiacum. 
Dose, 5-2 fl.oz. (16-64 c.c.). m. magne sias 
et asafoet'idae, milk of magnesia and asafetida. 
Dose, j-4 fl.dr. (2-16 c.c.). m. o'lei ric'ini, 
castor-oil mixture. Dose, 5-2 fl.oz. (16-64 c.c.). 
m. potas'sii citra'tis, mixture of the citrate 
of potassium. Dose, j-i fl.oz. (16-32 c.c.). m. 
rhe'i et so'dae, mixture of rhubarb and soda. 
Dose for children, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). m. 
scammo'nii, mixture of scammony. Dose, 1-2 
fl.oz. (32-64 c.c.). m. sen'nae compos'itai 
compound mixture of senna, m. spir'itus vi'n, 
gal'lici, mixture of brandy. Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. 
(32-64 c.c.). m. splenet'ica, Gadberry's mix- 
ture: quinin sulphate, 4.2; potassium nitrate and 
ferrous sulphate, each, 1.4; nitric acid, 1.4; water to 
make 100. It is tonic and antiperiodic. Dose, 1 
dr. (4.0 gm.). 
Mit. Abbreviation for L. mit'te, send. 
mi tagglutinin (mit-ag-lu'tin-in). Same as co- 
agglutinin. 
mitapsis (mit-ap'sis) [Gr. /utos thread 4- a^is 
joining]. The fusion of the chromatin granules in 
the final stage of cell conjugation. 
Mitchell's disease, treatment [S. Weir Mitchell, 
Philadelphia neurologist, 1830-1914]. See under 
disease and treatment. 
Mitchell's solution (mitsh'elz) [James F. Mitchell, 
American surgeon, born 1871]. See solution. 
mite (mit). A minute insect; an acarid. bird m., 
chicken m., fowl m. See Dermanyssus. 
harvest-m. See Leptus. itch-m. See Sar- 
coptes. kedani m. See Leptus akamushi. louse 
m. See Pediculoides. mower's m. See Leptus. 
straw m. See Pediculoides. 
mithradatism, mithridatism (mith-rad'ah- 
tizm, mith-rid'at-izm) [after Mithridates, king of 
Persia, who took poisons so as to become immu- 
nized against them]. Immunity against the effects 
of poisons procured by the administration of grad- 
ually increasing doses of the poison itself. 
mitigate (mit'ig-at) [L. mitiga're to soften]. To 
moderate; to render milder. 
mitin (mi'tin). A liquid emulsion of fats to which 
additional unemulsified fat has been added: used 
in skin diseases. 
mitis (mi'tis). Latin for mild. 
mitochondria (mi-to-kon'dre-ah) [Gr. piros thread 
+ xo^pos cartilage]. Small granules or rod-shaped 
structures found in differential staining in the 
cytoplasm of cells. The granular forms are called 
chondriosomes', the rod-shaped or filamentous forms 
are chondriocontes or chondriomites. Called also 
thread granules, chondriosomes, and plastosomes. 
mitokinetic (mit"o-kin-et'ik) [Gr. pfros* thread 4- 
Kiv-qffLS motion]. A term applied to the force exist- 
ing in the kinoplasm of a cell which produces the 
achromatic spindle in karyokinesis. 
mitoma, mitome (mi-to'mah, mi'tom) [Gr. piros MITOPLASM 
678 
MIXTURE 
thread]. A thready network of the protoplasm 
of a cell; the more solid portion of cell protoplasm, 
mitoplasm (mi'to-plazm) [Gr. plros thread + 
TrAdaaeu' to form]. The chromatic substance of a 
cell nucleus. 
mitoschisis (mi-tos'kis-is) [Gr. plros thread + 
axidis split]. Same as karyokinesis. 
mitotic (mi-tot'ik). Pertaining to mitosis, or kary- 
okinesis. 
mitral (mi'tral). i. Shaped somewhat like a miter. 
2. Pertaining to the mitral valve. 
mitralism (mi'tral-izm). A tendency toward the 
development of mitral lesions in the heart. 
mitro-arterial (mi"tro-ar-te're-al). Pertaining 
to or affecting the mitral valve and the arteries. 
Mittel-schmerz (mit'el-shmarts) [Ger.]. Inter- 
menstrual pain. 
mittor (mit'or) [L. mit'ere to rend]. Any one of the 
terminals of a neuron which give off the impulse or 
stimulus to the ceptors of the adjoining neuron. 
See neuromittor. 
Mitt. sang. Abbreviation for L. mit'te san'guinem, 
bleed. 
mixed (mixt). Affecting various parts at once; 
showing two or more different characteristics, m. 
chancre, a syphilitic chancre resulting from a 
double infection with syphilitic virus and that from 
a chancroid, the chancroid being first developed, 
and changing in course of time to the syphilitic 
chancre. See chancre. 
mixer (miks'er). A receptacle for diluting a drop of 
blood preparatory to counting the corpuscles. 
mixoscopia (miks-o-sko'pe-ah) [Gr. pdfas mixed + 
vKoiceiv to view]. Sexual perversion in which grat- 
ification is obtained by the sight of others engaged 
in sexual intercourse. 
mixoscopy (miks-os'kope). Mixoscopia. 
mixture (miks'chur) [L. mixtu'ra, mistu'ra], See 
under mistura. A. C. E. m., an anesthetic mix- 
ture of i part alcohol, 2 parts chloroform, and 3 
parts ether. Baccelli's m., a mixture containing 
quinin sulphate, 3 gm.; tartaric acid, 3 gm.; sodium 
arsenate, 5 cgm.; water, 300 c.c.: used in malarial 
fevers. Bagot's m., a local anesthetic mixture of 
cocain hydrochlorid, 0.04 gm., and spartein sul- 
phate, 0.05 gm., in 1 or 2 c.c. of boiled water. 
Basham's m., liquor ferri et ammonii acetatis. 
Bestucheff's m., ethereal tincture of iron 
chlorid. Biedert's cream-m., a food for young 
infants: cream, 4 fl.oz.; water, 10 fl.oz.; milk- 
sugar, J oz. Billroth's m., chloroform, 3 parts; 
alcohol and ether, each, 1 part: anesthetic. Bo- 
nain's m., a mixture of equal parts of carbolic 
acid, cocain, and menthol for anesthetizing the 
tympanic membrane in paracentesis, brown m., 
mistura glycyrrhizae composita. Carrel's m., 
a preparation for holding in place grafts on an 
ulcerated surface, consisting of 18 parts of paraffin 
melting at 520 C., 6 parts of paraffin melting at 
200 C., 2 parts of beeswax, and 1 part of castor oil 
Castellani's m., a mixture for treating fram- 
besia: 0.065 gm- of tartar emetic, 0.65 gm. of 
sodium salicylate, 4 gm. of potassium iodid, 1 gm. 
of sodium bicarbonate, 30 gm. of water. This is 
given in one dose, diluted in 4 ounces of water, 
thrice daily. C.-E. m. See E.-C. m. chalk-m., 
mistura cretae: an antacid and mild astringent' 
Chapman's m., a preparation for gonorrhea 
containing copaiba and spirit of nitrous ether, 
each, 25; tincture of opium, 3.2; compound tinc- 
ture of lavender, 6.5; mucilage of acacia, 12.5, and 
water to make 100 parts. Coley's m. See Coley's 
fluid, under fluid, diabolic m., mistura dia- 
bolica: a nauseous preparation formerly given as 
a punishment and cure to supposed malingerers. 
E.-C. m., ether modified by chloroform, usually in 
the proportion of 16 parts of ether to 1 of chloro- 
form: it secures some of the advantages of chloro- 
form and yet possesses the safety of pure ether. 
Called also mitigated ether. Elzholz's m., a 
solution of eosin in glycerin and water: used in 
leukocyte estimation, freezing-m., a mixture 
for producing artificial cold. Gadberry's m., 
mistura splenetica. Griffith's m., compound 
mixture of iron. Gunning's m., a mixture used 
in estimating the nitrogen in the urine: consisting 
of 15 c.c. of concentrated sulphuric acid, 10 gm. of 
potassium sulphate, and 0.5 gm. of copper sulphate. 
Resting nucleus 
Prophase 
Metaphase . 
/Inaphase. 
Telephase. 
mitosis (mi-to'sis) [Gr. plros thread]. Indirect cell 
division, or karyokinesis; the typical mode of 
division of active somatic cells and germ cells. 
Mitosis is divided into four phases: 1. Prophase: 
Formation of spirem; disappearance of nuclear 
membrane (a); breaking up of spirem into chromo- 
somes; appearance of centrosome and achromatic 
spindle (&); formation of polar bodies; arrangement 
of chromosomes in equatorial plane of central 
spindle to form the monaster (c): 2. Metaphase: 
Chromosomes split longitudinally into exactly 
similar halves. 3. Anaphase: The two groups of 
daughter chromosomes separate (a) and move 
along the fibers of the central spindle, each toward 
one of the asters, forming the diaster (6). 4. 
Telophase: The daughter chromosomes resolve 
themselves into a reticulum and the daughter 
nuclei are formed; the cytoplasm divides, forming 
two complete daughter cells. 
mitosome (mi'to-som) [Gr. piros thread + a&pa 
body]. A body formed from the spindle-fibers of 
the secondary spermatocytes, giving rise to the 
middle piece of the spermatozoon. 
Stages of mitosis (McFarland s Biology). M. L 
679 
MOLD 
Hermann's m., 3 c.c. of chloroform, 2 c.c. of oil 
of eucalyptus, and 40 c.c. of castor oil. This is 
divided into two doses and given at hour intervals 
for intestinal parasites. Hope's m., mistura 
camphorse acida, N.F.: an antidysenteric prepa- 
ration. Lafayette m., a gonorrheal medicine 
containing spirit of nitrous ether, copaiba, com- 
pound tincture of lavender, potassium hydroxid, 
syrup, and mucilage of acacia. Loomis' m., a di- 
arrhea mixture containing oil of sassafras 1, tinc- 
ture of opium 12, tincture of rhubarb 8, tincture 
of gambir 40, compound tincture of lavender to 
make 100. Dose, 30 min. (2 c.c.). Menciere's 
m., a mixture of iodoform, guaiacol, eucalyptol, 
and Peruvian balsam in alcohol and ether: used 
as a wound dressing. M. S. m., an anesthetic 
mixture containing 57 parts of ether and 43 
parts of chloroform. N. C. O. m. See N. C. 
I. powder, under powder, neutral m., liq- 
uor potassii citratis. oleobalsamic m., bal- 
sam of Peru dissolved in a mixture of oils and alco- 
hol: nervine. Dose, 20-30 min. (0.66-2 c.c.). Par- 
rish's camphor m., mistura camphorae aromat- 
ica, N.F.: aromatic camphor mixture. Ringer's 
m., a solution of sodium chlorid, 0.7 per cent.; 
potassium chlorid, 0.03 per cent.; and calcium 
chlorid, 0.025 per cent.: used to keep the mam- 
malian heart beating in physiologic experiments. 
Schleich's m. See Schleich's anesthetic, under 
anesthetic. spleen m., mistura splenetica. 
Squibb's rhubarb m., compound rhubarb 
mixture, N. F. Startin's m., a mixture com- 
posed of 4 dr. of magnesium sulphate, 1 dr. of 
iron sulphate, 4 dr. of syrup of ginger, 3 oz. of 
dilute sulphuric acid, and enough water to make 
3 oz. Tellyesniczky's m. See Tellyesniczky's 
fluid under fluid. Thielmann's m., a diar- 
rhea mixture containing 1 fl.oz. of wine of opium, 
fl.oz. of tincture of valerian, | fl.oz. of ether, 
60 min. of oil of peppermint, 15 min. of fluid- 
extract of ipecac, and enough alcohol to make 
4 fl.oz. Townsend's m., a mixture of 1 gr. 
of red mercuric oxid, 300 gr. of potassium iodid, 
2 fl.oz. of syrup of orange peel, 2 fl.dr. of com- 
pound tincture of cardamom, and enough water 
to make 4 fl. oz. Dose, 1-4 teaspoonfuls. Vel- 
peau's diarrhea m., tincture of opium 42, 
camphor 4, and compound tincture of gambir to 
make 100. Vincent's m. 1. Stearin, paraffin, 
and vaselin in the proportion of 1-2-2: used for 
paraffining tubes used in blood transfusion. 2. 
A powder composed of an intimate mixture of hy- 
pochlorite and boric acid: used as a wound dress- 
ing. Wachsmuth's m., an anesthetic mixture 
of 5 parts of chloroform with 1 part of turpentine. 
M. L. Abbreviation for Licentiate in Medicine. 
Ml. Abbreviation for milliliter. 
M. L. A. Abbreviation for left mento-anterior posi- 
tion of the fetus. 
M. L. D. An abbreviation for minimum lethal dose. 
See under dose. 
M. L. P. Abbreviation for left mentoposterior posi- 
tion of the fetus. 
Mmm. An abbreviation for micromillimeter. 
Mm., mm. An abbreviation for millimeter. 
Mn. The symbol for manganese. 
mnemic (nem'ik) [Gr. pv^pcav mindful]. Pertain- 
ing to memory or characterized by memory, as, 
mnemic theory. 
mnemism (ne'mizm). Same as mnemic theory. 
See under theory. 
mnemonics (ne-mon'iks) [Gr. pvr]povt.Kbs pertaining 
to memory]. The art of cultivating or assisting 
the memory. 
mnemotechnics (ne-mo-tek'niks). Mnemonics. 
M. O. Abbreviation for Medical Officer. 
Mo. The chemic symbol for molybdenum. 
mobility (mo-bil'it-e) [L. mobil'itas]. Susceptibility 
of being moved. 
mobilization (mob"il-iz-a'shun). The rendering 
of a fixed or ankylosed part movable. 
Mobius' sign (me'be-us) [Paul Julius Mobius, 
German neurologist, 1853-1907]. See under sign. 
mocezuelo (mo-se-zwa'lo). Trismus neonatorum. 
mochras (mo'kras). A gum-resin from Bom'- 
bax malabar'icum: astringent. Dose, 30-45 gr. 
(2-3 gm.). 
mock-knee (mok'ne). A large swelling on the knees 
of horses and cattle, caused usually by repeated 
injury. 
modality (mo-dal'it-e). A homeopathic term sig- 
nifying a condition which modifies drug action. 
mode (mod). The class with the greatest frequency 
in a series of variables. 
modenol (mo'den-ol). A double salicylic-arsenious 
acid salt of mercury: used as a substitute for enisol 
in syphilis. 
modiolus (mo-di'o-lus) [L. "nave" or "hub"]. [B 
N A] The central pillar or columella of the cochlea. 
Mod. praesc. Abbreviation for L. mo'do prascrip'- 
to, in the way directed. 
modus operandi (mo'dus op-er-an'di). The 
method of performing an operation or action; the 
steps of an operation. 
Moeller's bacillus, reaction, stain (me'lerz) 
[Alfred Moeller, German bacteriologist, born 1868]. 
See under bacillus, reaction, stain, etc. 
Moeller's disease, glossitis (me'lerz) [Moeller, 
German surgeon, 1829-1862]. See disease and 
glossitis. 
mogigraphia (moj-ig-ra'fe-ah) [Gr. phyis with dif- 
ficulty + ypa<peiv to write]. Writers' cramp. 
mogilalia (moj-il-a'le-ah) [Gr. pbyis difficultly + 
XaXia chatter]. Difficulty in speech; stuttering. 
mogiphonia (moj-if-o'ne-ah) [Gr. poyes difficultly 
+ <pwvT) voice]. Difficulty in making vocal sounds, 
mogitocia (moj-it-o'she-ah) [Gr. juovisdifficultly -|- 
tokos birth]. Difficult parturition. 
M. O. H. Abbreviation for Medical Officer of Health. 
Mohr's test (morz) [Francis Mohr, American phar- 
maceutical chemist]. See under tests. 
Mohrenheim's fossa (mo'ren-himz) [Baron Jo- 
seph Jacob Freiherr von Mohrenheim, Austrian 
surgeon, died 1799]. See fossa. 
moist (moist). Somewhat wet; damp. 
Mojon's method (mo'e-onz) [Benedetto Mojon, 
professor of anatomy and physiology at Genoa, 
nineteenth century]. See under method. 
mol (mol). A Gram-molecule; the molecular weight 
in grams of any substance. 
molar (mo'lar) [L. mo'les mass]. 1. Pertaining to 
a mass; not molecular. 2. [L. mola'ris.] Adapted 
for grinding; a grinding tooth; one of the back 
• teeth of which there are three on each side in both 
jaws. 3. Pertaining to a mole. 4. Same as mol. 
Moon's m's, small first molars, somewhat dome 
shaped, seen in hereditary syphilis, second m., 
the permanent second molar tooth, sixth-year 
m., the permanent first molar tooth, third m., 
the permanent third molar tooth, twelfth- 
year m., the permanent second molar. 
molariform (mo-lar'if-orm). Shaped like a molar, 
molasquit (mo-las'kit). A horse and cattle food 
prepared from molasses and the bagasse from 
sugar-mills. 
molasses (mo-las'ez) [L. mella'ceus like honey]. A 
thick, sweet syrup, the residue left after the crys- 
tallization of sugar; treacle; syrupus fuscus. 
sugar-house m., that which is left after the re- 
fining of sugar. West India m., a variety ob- 
tained in making raw sugar. 
mold, mould (mold). Any one of a large group of 
minute parasitic and saprophytic fungi which 
cause mold or moldiness; also the deposit or growth 
produced by such fungi. The common molds are 
usually Mucor, Penicillium, or Aspergillus. MOLDINE 
680 
MONAVALENT 
moldine (mol'den). A material for taking small 
impressions in dental work, made of glycerin and 
potters' clay. 
mole (mol) [L. mo'les], 1. A fleshy mass or tumor 
formed in the uterus by the degeneration or abor- 
tive development of an ovum. 2. A nevus; also a 
brownish spot on the skin. See nevus. Same as 
mol. blood-m., a mass made up of blood-clots, 
the placenta, and fetal membranes retained after 
abortion. Breus'm., a malformation of the ovum 
consisting of tuberous subchorional hematoma of 
the decidua. Called also hematomole. carneous 
m. Same as fleshy m. cystic m. Same as hy- 
datid m. false m., an intra-uterine mass formed 
from a polypus or tumor, fleshy m., a blood-mole 
which has assumed a flesh-like appearance; also a 
mole formed by a dead ovum in the uterus, hy- 
datid m., hydatidiform m., a false mole 
formed by the proliferation of the chorionic villi, 
resulting in a mass of cysts that resembles a bunch 
of grapes. Called also vesicular m. stone-m., a 
mole which has undergone a calcareous degenera- 
tion; a womb-stone, true m., a mole which rep- 
resents the degenerated ovum itself; one which is 
the. actual remains of the degenerated ovum, 
vesicular m. Same as hydatidiform m. 
molecular (mo-lek'u-lar). Of, pertaining to, or 
composed of, molecules. 
molecule (mol'ek-ul) [L. molec'ula little mass]. A 
very small mass of matter; an aggregation of 
atoms. The smallest particle of a substance in 
which its chemic features inhere, or the smallest 
particle of a substance which can exist by it- 
self. To break up the molecule into its con- 
stituent atoms is to change its character. The 
number of atoms in a molecule varies with the 
compound, diatomic m., one containing two 
atoms, gram-m. See gram-molecule, hexa- 
tomic m., one containing six atoms, mona- 
tomic m., one which consists of a single atom, 
tetratomic m., a molecule made up of four 
atoms, triatomic m., one composed of three 
atoms. 
molilalia (mol-il-a'le-ah). Mogilalia. 
molimen (mo'li-men) [L. "effort"]. A natural and 
normal effort made for the performance of any 
function; especially the monthly effort to estab- 
lish the menstrual flow: the menstrual m. 
Molisch's test (mol'ish-ez) [Hans Molisch, chemist 
in Vienna, born 1856]. See under test. 
mollescuse (mol-es'kus) [L. mol'lis soft]. Soften- 
ing. 
mollichthyolin (mol-ik'the-ol-in). A preparation 
of mollin and ichthyol for skin diseases. 
mollin (mol'in). A glycerinated soft soap with 
excess of fats: used as a vehicle for medicines to 
be applied externally. 
mollities (mol-ish'e-ez) [L.]. Softness; abnormal 
softening, m. os'sium, osteomalacia, m. un'- 
guium, abnormal softness of the nails. 
mollosin (mol-o'sin). An ointment-base made of 
liquid petrolatum (4 parts) and yellow wax (1 
part). 
Moll's glands [Jacob Antonius Moll, Dutch histol- 
ogist, born 1849]. See under gland. 
molluscous (mol-lus'kus). Pertaining to mollus- 
cum. 
molluscum (mol-us'kum) [L. "soft"]. The name 
of various skin diseases, m. contagio'sum, m. 
epithelia'le, a disease marked by the forma- 
tion of firm, rounded skin tubercles containing a 
semifluid caseous matter or solid masses made 
up of fat, epidermis, and peculiar capsulated bodies 
(m.-corpusdes). The tubercles appear usually 
upon the face, are very chronic in their course, 
and are without general symptoms. The 
disease may be due to a Chlamydozoan. m. 
flbro'sum, m. pen'dulum, m. sim'plex, 
diseases marked by the development of multiple 
fibromata of the skin, which often form pendulous 
growths. They arise from the corium or the sub- 
cutaneous tissue, m. verruco'sum, a late stage 
of molluscum contagiosum in which the growths 
have become wart-like masses. 
molugram (mol'u-gram). A gram molecule. 
Mol. wt. Abbreviation for molecular weight. 
molybdate (mo-lib'dat). Any salt of molybdic 
acid: some are used as tests. 
molybdenum (mol-ib-de'num) [Gr. poXvflbos lead]. 
A hard, silvery-white, metallic element; symbol, 
Mo; atomic weight, 96; specific gravity, 8.6. 
molybdic (mo-lib'dik). Containing molybdenum 
as a hexad element. 
molybdous (mo-lib'dus). Containing molybdenum 
as a tetrad element. 
molyform (mol'if-orm). A proprietary molyb- 
denum preparation: used as an antiseptic and bac- 
tericide. 
molysmophobia (mol-is-mo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. uoXvapa 
filth + <p60os fear]. Mysophobia. 
Momburg's belt [Fritz August Momburg, physi- 
cian in Berlin, born 1870]. See under belt. 
momentum (mo-men'tum) [L.]. The quantity of 
motion; the product of mass by velocity. 
monacid (mon-as'id). Containing one atom of 
hydrogen that is replaceable by a base: said of 
a salt or of an alcohol. 
monad (mon'ad) [Gr. /was], 1. A single-celled 
protozoan or a single-celled coccus. 2. A univ- 
alent radical or element. 
monadin (mon'ad-in). Any microorganism or spe- 
cies belonging to a group (Monadina) of rhizo- 
pod animal endoparasites. They are sometimes 
found in feces and sputum, but are not known to 
have any pathogenic influence. 
Monadina (mon-ad-i'nah). See under monadin. 
Monakow's bundle (mon-ah'kovz) [Konstantin 
von Monakow, neurologist in Zurich, born 1853]. 
See under bundle. 
monamid (mon-am'id). An amid which contains 
only one amid group. 
monamin (mon-am'in). An amin which contains 
only one amin group. 
monamino acid. See under acid. 
monaminuria (mon-am-in-u're-ah). The presence 
of a monamin in the urine. 
Monarda (mo-nar'dah). A genus of fragrant labi- 
ate plants, comprising M. fistula'sa, wild berga- 
mot; M. did' y ma, bee-balm; M. Sykes'tris, and 
M. puncta'ta, horsemint. The last is diapho- 
retic, carminative, stimulant, emmenagogue, and 
rubefacient. Its volatile oil (p'leum monar'dce) 
is used like Oil of peppermint. Dose of oil, 2-3 
min. (0.133-0.2 c.c.). 
monardin (mo-nar'din). A stearopten, like thymol, 
from oil of monarda. 
monarsone (mon-ar'sbn). Disodium monethyl- 
arsone, CH3.CH2O.AsO.(ONa)2, an arsenical prepa- 
ration for use in syphilis. 
monarthric (mon-ar'thrik). Pertaining to a single 
joint. 
monarthritis (mon-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. povos single + 
arthritis]. Inflammation of a single joint, m. 
defor'mans, arthritis deformans of a single 
joint. 
monarticular (mon-ar-tik'u-lar). Pertaining to a 
single joint. 
Monas (mo'nas) [Gr. novas monad]. A genus of 
infusorian animals comprising the typical monads. 
monaster (mon-as'ter) [Gr. pbvos single + dar-qp 
star]. The single star-shaped figure in karyokin- 
esis. See karyokinesis. 
monathetosis (mon"ath-et-o'sis) [Gr. pbvos single 
+ athetosis]. Athetosis of one part of the body, 
monatomic (mon-at-om'ik) [Gr. povos single + 
aropos atom]. 1. Same as univalent. 2. Con- 
taining but one atom. m. acid. See under acid. 
monavalent (mo-nav'al-ent). See monovalent. MONAXON 
681 
MONOCYESIS 
monaxon (mon-aks'on) [Gr. pbvos single + &^v 
axis]. A neuron possessing only one axon. 
monaxonic (mon-aks-on'ik). Having one axon. 
Monday-morning sickness. See under sickness. 
Monera (mo-ne'rah) [Gr. pov-qp-qs solitary]. Pro- 
tozoan organisms which have no nucleus. 
monerula (mon-er'u-lah), pl. moner'ula [Gr. povqpqs 
single]. An impregnated ovum with as yet no 
nucleus. 
monesia (mo-ne'ze-ah) [LJ. An extract from 
monesia bark, the product of Chrysophyl'lum 
glyciphloe'um, a tree of Brazil: astringent and stom- 
achic. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
monesin (mon'es-in). A glucosid from monesia, 
identical, or nearly so, with saponin: astringent 
and oxytocic. Dose, | gr. (0.033 gm.). 
monesthetic (mon-es-thet'ik) [Gr. pbvos single + 
OMrQrpTts sensation]. Pertaining to or affecting a 
single sense or sensation. 
Mongolian idiocy, maculae, or spots (mon-go'- 
le-an). See under idiocy and spot. 
mongolism (mon'go-lizm). Mongolian idiocy. See 
under idiocy. 
monilethrix (mon-il'e-thriks) [L. moni'le necklace 
+ Gr. 9pl% hair]. A diseased condition in which 
the hairs exhibit bead-like enlargements and be- 
come brittle. 
Monilia (mo-nil'e-ah). A genus of parasitic fungi 
belonging to the fungi imperfecti. M. can'dida. 
Same as Vidium albicans. M. fructig'ena, the 
organism causing the brown rot of plums and 
peaches. M. psilo'sis, the organism that is 
thought to cause sprue. 
moniliasis (mon-il-i'as-is). Infection with any 
species of Monilia; oidiomycosis. 
moniliform (mon-il'if-orm) [L. moni'le necklace + 
for'ma form]. Shaped like a necklace or string 
of beads. 
Moniliformis (mon-il-if-or'mis). Same as Echin- 
orhynchus. 
moniliosis (mo-nil-e-o'sis). Moniliasis. 
monium (mo'ne-um) [Gr. pbvos single]. An earth- 
metal discovered in 1898. Obsolete. 
monk's-hood (munks'hud). See aconite. 
Monneret's pulse (mon-raz') [Jules Auguste Ed- 
uard Monneret, physician in Paris, 1810-1868]. 
See under pulse. 
mono- [Gr. pbvos single]. A prefix denoting one 
or single; limited to one part; in chemistry, 
combined with one atom. 
mono-amino acid. See under acid. 
mono-aminodiphosphatid (mo-no-am"in-o-di- 
fos'fat-id). A phosphatid containing 1 atom of 
nitrogen and 2 of phosphorus to the molecule. 
mono-aminomonophosphatid (mo-no-am"in-o- 
mo"no-fos'fat-id). A phosphatid containing 1 
atom of nitrogen and 1 of phosphorus to the 
molecule. 
mono-anesthesia (mon"o-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
pbvos single + anesthesia]. Anesthesia of a single 
part or organ. 
mono-articular (mon-o-ar-tik'u-lar). Same as 
monarticular. 
monobacillary (mon-o-bas'il-a-re). Caused by or 
containing a single species of bacillus. 
monobacterial (mon-o-bak-te're-al). Monobacil- 
lary. 
monobasic (mon-o-ba'sik) [Gr. pbvos single + Paacs 
base]. Having but one base; containing one 
atom of hydrogen that is replaceable by a base, 
m. acid. See under acid. 
monoblepsia (mon-o-blep'se-ah) [Gr. pbvos single 
+ ^Xef/i-s sight]. 1. A condition of the vision in 
which it is more distinct when only one eye is 
used. 2. A variety of color-blindness in which 
only one color is perceived. 
monobrachius (mon-o-bra'ke-us) [Gr. pbvos single 
4- L. bra'chium arm]. A fetus with but one arm. 
monobromacetanilid (mon"o-bro"mas-et-an'il- 
id). See antis epsin. 
monobromated (mon-o-bro'mat-ed) [L. monobro- 
ma'tus]. Having a single atom of bromin in 
each molecule. 
monobromcamphor (mon"o-brom-kam'for). 
Monobromated camphor. See camphor. 
monobromisovalerylglycolurea (mo"no-brom- 
i-so-val"er-il-gli"kol-u-re'ah). Same as achibromin. 
monobromphenol (mon"o-brom-fe'nol). A violet- 
colored liquid, OH.Ce^Br, of penetrating odor, 
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, and used as 
an external antiseptic, especially in erysipelas, in 3 
to 6 per cent, ointment. 
monocalcic (mon-o-kal'sik). Containing one atom 
of calcium in the molecule. 
monocelled (mon'o-seld) [Gr. pbvos single + cell]. 
Unicellular; consisting of a single cell. 
monocephalus (mon-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. pbvos single 
+ KcipaXy head]. A monster-fetus with two bodies 
and one head. 
monochloralantipyrin (mon"o-klor-al-an-te-pi'- 
rin). See hypnal. 
monochlormethane (mon-o-klor-meth'an). Me- 
thyl chlorid, CH3CI. 
monochlormethylchloroformate (mo"no-klor- 
meth"il-klor-o-for'mat). See chlormethylchlorofor- 
mate. 
monochlorphenol (mon"o-klor-fe'nol). A vola- 
tile liquid, C6H4C1OH: inhaled in lung diseases 
as an antiseptic. 
monochord (mo'no-kord) [Gr. pbvos single + xopbp 
cord]. An instrument for testing upper tone audi- 
tion. It consists of a long steel or silver wire fas- 
tened at the ends and having an intermediate 
movable clamp. The tone is produced by longi- 
tudinal friction. 
monochorea (mon"o-ko-re'ah) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
chorea], Chorea affecting but one part. 
monochorionic (mo"no-ko-re-on'ik) [Gr. pbvos 
alone + chorionic]. Having one common chorion: 
said of twins. 
monochroic (mon-o-kro'ik) [Gr. pbvos single -p 
Xpoa color]. Having only one color. 
monochromasy (mon-o-kro'mas-e). Blindness to 
all colors but one: color-blindness, in which all 
colors are seen as one color. 
monochromatic (mon"o-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. poros 
single + xP&pa color]. 1. Having but one color. 
2. A person who can see only one color. 3. Stain- 
ing with only one dye at a time. Cf. polychromatic. 
monochroma tophil, monochromophilic 
(mon"o-kro-mat'o-fil, mon"o-kro-mo-fil'ik) [Gr. 
pbvos single 4- xpwpa color + pcXeiv to love]. 1. 
Stainable with only one kind of stain. 2. Any cell 
or other element that will take only one stain. 
monoclinic (mon-o-klin'ik) [Gr. pbvos single + 
kXlvclv to incline]. A term applied to crystals in 
which the vertical axis is inclined to one lateral 
axis, but is at right angles to the other. 
monococcus (mon-o-kok'us), pl. monococ'ci [Gr. 
pbvos ingle + kokkos berry], A coccus neither 
double nor formed into groups, pairs, or chains. 
monocranus (mon-ok'ran-us) [Gr. pbvos single -f- 
Kpavlov cranium], A monster-fetus with one head 
and two bodies. 
monocrotic (mon-o-krot'ik). Characterized by 
monocrotism. 
monocrotism (mo-nok'ro-tizm) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
Kpbros stroke]. The quality in a pulse-wave of 
having neither a normal elastic elevation nor a 
dicrotic or tricrotic one. 
monocular (mon-ok'u-lar) [Gr. pbvos single 4- L. 
oc'ulus eye]. Pertaining to or having but one eye. 
monoculus (mon-ok'u-lus) [Gr. pbvos single + L. 
oc'ulus eye]. A bandage for but one eye. 
monocyesis (mo-no-si-e'sis) [Gr. pbvos single 4* 
Kirq<ns pregnancy]. Pregnancy with a single fetus. 682 
monocystis epithelialis (mo-no-sis'tis ep-e-the- 
le-a'lis). Pfeiffer's name for the protozoan bodies 
found by him in the cells of the skin. 
monocyte (mon'o-sit) [Gr. pbvos alone 4- kvtos 
cell]. A non-lymphoblastic, mononuclear leuko- 
cyte. The term includes large mononuclear leuko- 
cytes and transitional leukocytes. 
monocytic (mon-o-si'tik). Characterized by or of 
the nature of monocytes. 
monocytopenia (mon"o-si-to-pe'ne-ah) [monocyte 
4- Gr. irevca poverty]. Abnormal decrease in the 
proportion of monocytes in the blood. 
monocytosis (mon"o-si-to'sis). Increase in the 
proportion of monocytes in the blood. 
monodactylism, monodactyly (mon-o-dak'til- 
izm, mon-o-dak'til-e) [Gr. povos single 4- baKTvXos 
finger]. The congenital occurrence of one digit 
only on the hand or foot. 
monodiplopia (mon-o-dip-lo'pe ah) [Gr. povos 
single 4- btirXbos double 4- eye]. Double 
vision in either eye alone. 
monoganglial (mon-o-gang'le-al). Affecting a 
single ganglion. 
monogastric (mon-o-gas'trik) [Gr. povos single 4- 
yaaT-qp stomach]. Having but one belly or 
stomach. 
monogen (mon'o-jen). A univalent chemical ele- 
ment which combines in only one proportion. 
monogenesis (mon-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. povos single 4- 
yeveais origin]. Non-sexual reproduction. 
monogerminal (mon-o-jer'min-al). Developed 
from one ovum: said of twin fetuses occupying 
a single chorionic sac. 
monogonium (mon-o-go'ne-um), pl. monogo'nia. 
Any one of the asexual forms of the malarial para- 
site as it occurs in the blood. These forms produce 
the febrile attacks. 
monograph (mon'o-graf) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
ypfapecv to write]. An essay or treatise on one 
subject. 
monohemerous (mon-o-hem'er-us) [Gr. povos 
alone 4- vpepa day]. Lasting only one day. 
monohydrated (mon-o-hi'dra-ted). United with 
a single molecule of water or of hydroxyl. 
monohydric (mon-o-hi'drik). Containing one 
atom of replaceable hydrogen. 
monoideaism, monoideism (mon-o-i-de'ah-izm, 
-de'izm) [Gr. povos single 4" ibea idea]. A condi- 
tion in which the patient harps on one idea. 
mono-infection (mon-o-in-fek'shun). Infection 
with a single kind of organism. 
monol (mo'nol). Two parts of calcium perman- 
ganate dissolved in iooo parts of water: it is 
used for purifying drinking-water. 
monolene (mon'o-Un). A clear white, oily hydro- 
carbon. 
monolepsis (mon-o-lep'sis) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
XfppLS a taking]. The transmission to the offspring 
of the characters of one parent, to the exclusion of 
those of the other. 
monolocular (mon-o-lok'u-lar) [Gr. povos single 4- 
L. loc'ulus cell]. Having but one cell or cavity. 
monoma (mo-no'mah) [Gr. povos one 4- -upa a 
tumor], A solitary uterine tumor accompanied 
by pain and severe hemorrhage and ending fatally. 
monomania (mon-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
pavia madness]. Insanity on a single subject or 
class of subjects, emotional m., monomania 
with respect to one or a few related emotions, 
intellectual m., a monomania with respect to 
one or a few related delusions. 
monomastigote (mon-o-mas'tig-6t) [Gr. pbvos 
single 4- paari^ lash]. Having a single flagellum. 
monomeric (mon-o-mer'ik) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
pepos part]. Pertaining to, made up of, or affect- 
ing, a single segment. 
monometallic (mon"o-met-al'ik). Having one 
atom of a metal in the molecule. 
MONOCYSTIS EPITHELIALIS 
monomethylxanthin (mon"o-meth-il-zan'thin). 
A substance sometimes found in dogs' urine after 
the administration of caffein. See heteroxanthin. 
monomicrobic (mon"o-mi-kro'bik). Character- 
ized by the presence of a single species of microbe. 
monomoria (mon-o-mo're-ah) [Gr. pbvos single + 
pojpLa madness]. Monomania. 
monomorphic (mon-o-mor'fik). Uniform in struc- 
ture. 
monomorphism (mon-o-mor'fizm) [Gr. pbvos single 
+ pop^ii form]. Uniformity in structure. 
monomphalus (mon-om'fa-lus) [Gr. pbvos single + 
bptpaXos navel]. Two fetuses joined at the navel. 
monomyoplegia (mo"no-mi-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. pbvos 
single + pits muscle 4- irX^yq stroke]. Paralysis 
restricted to a single muscle. 
monomyositis (mon-o-mi-o-si'tis) [Gr. pbvos single 
4- myositis]. A myositis of the biceps muscle 
occurring periodically. 
mononephrous (mon-o-nef'rus) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
veippbs kidney]. Affecting one kidney only. 
mononeural (mon-o-nu'ral). Pertaining to a 
single nerve. 
mononeuric (mon-o-nu'rik) [Gr. pbvos single + 
vevpov nerve]. Having only one neuron. 
mononeuritis (mon"o-nu-ri'tis) [Gr. pbvos single 
4- vevpov nerve 4- -tris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of a single nerve, m. multiplex, sim- 
ultaneous inflammation of several nerves remote 
from one another. 
monont (mon'ont). Same as schizont. 
mononuclear, mononucleate (mon-o-nu'kle-ar, 
-nu'kle-at) [Gr. pbvos single 4~ nucleus], i. Having 
but one nucleus; uninuclear. 2. A cell having a 
single nucleus. 
mononucleosis (mon"o-nu-kle-o'sis). The presence 
of an abnormally large number of mononuclear 
leukocytes in the blood; mononuclear leukocytosis, 
infectious m., a disease with symptoms resem- 
bling those of glandular fever and characterized by 
increase in the mononuclear leukocytes of the 
blood. 
mononucleotid (mo-no-nu'kle-o-tid). A product 
obtained by the digestion or hydrolytic decomposi- 
tion of nucleic acid. It is a compound of phosphoric 
acid and a glucosid or a pentosid. These latter are 
combinations of dextrose or a pentose (ribose) with 
one of the following bases: guanin, adenin, cytosin, 
or uracil. 
monoparesis (mop-o-par'es-is) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
Trapecns weakness]. Paresis of a single part. 
monoparesthesia (mon"o-par-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
pbvos single 4* paresthesia]. Paresthesia of a 
single part or limb. 
monopathy (mo-nop'ath-e) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
TraOos disease]. A disease affecting a single part. 
monophagia (mon-o-fa'je-ah) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
tpayetv to eat], i. Desire for one kind of food only. 
2. The eating of only one meal a day. 
monophagism (mo-nof'aj-izm). Monophagia. 
monophasia (mon-o-fa'ze-ah) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
<paais speaking]. Aphasia with ability to utter 
but one word or phrase. 
monophasic (mon-o-fa'zik). Exhibiting only one 
phase or variation. Cf. diphasic, triphasic. 
monophenetidin (mon"o-fen-et'id-in). An anti- 
pyretic and analgesic substance analogous to 
phenacetin, but having the citric acid radical in- 
stead of that of acetic acid. 
monophobia (mon-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
tpo^os fear]. Morbid dread of being left alone. 
monophthalmus (mon-of-thal'mus) [Gr. povos 
single 4* bipdaXpbs eye]. A monster-fetus with only 
one eye. 
monophyletic (mon"o-fi-let'ik) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
<pvXi) race]. Arising or descended from a single 
source. 
MONOPHYLETIC MONOPHYODONT 
683 
MONTICULUS 
monophyodont (mon-o-fi'o-dont) [Gr. pbvos single 
4- <pi>eu> to grow 4- bbovs tooth]. Having only one 
set of teeth, and those permanent. 
monoplasmatic (mon"o-plaz-mat'ik) [Gr. pbvos 
single + ir\aapa plasm]. Made up of a single 
substance. 
monoplast (mon'o-plast) [Gr. pbvos single + ir\acr- 
tos formed]. A single constituent cell. 
monoplegia (mon-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. pbvos single + 
stroke]. Paralysis of but a single part. 
Different varieties are distinguished according to 
the part affected or to the site of the lesion pro- 
ducing the disease; as, brachial, facial, central, 
peripheral, etc. 
monoplegic (mon-o-ple'jik). Pertaining to or 
affected with monoplegia. 
monops (mon'ops) [Gr. pbvos. single 4- fop eye]. A 
fetus having but a single eye. 
monopsychosis (mon-o-si-ko'sis). Monomania. 
monopus (mon'o-pus) [Gr pbvos single + irovs foot]. 
A fetus having but a single foot or leg. 
monorchid (mon-or'kid). A person having only 
one testicle. 
monorchidic (mon-or-kid'ik) [Gr. pbvos single + 
bpxis testicle]. Having but one descended testicle. 
monorchidism, monorchism (mon-or'kid-izm, 
mon'or-kizm). The condition of having only one 
descended testicle. 
monorchis (mon-or'kis) [Gr. pbvos single + opx^ 
testicle]. A person having but a single testis. 
monosaccharids (mon-o-sak'ar-idz). Carbohy- 
drates of the class to which glucose, galactose, 
and levulose belong. They are sugars having six 
carbon atoms in the molecule, CgHiaOo. So called 
because they are supposed to contain one (hypo- 
thetic) saccharid group. 
monose (mon'os). A hexose. 
monosome (mon'o-som) [Gr. pbvos alone + 
body]. See accessory chromosome under chromo- 
some. 
monosomian (mon-o-so'me-an) [Gr. pbvos single 
+ craipa body], A double fetus with only one 
body. 
monospasm (mon'o-spazm) [Gr. pbvos single + 
Spasm]. Spasm of a single limb or part. Dif- 
ferent varieties are distinguished according to the 
part affected or to the site of the causal lesion; 
as, brachial, facial, lateral, peripheral, etc. 
monospermy (mon'o-sper-me) [Gr. pbvos single +. 
areppa seed]. Fertilization in which only one 
spermatozoon enters the ovum. 
Monostoma (mon-os'to-mah) [Gr. pbvos single 4- 
(rropa mouth]. A genus of trematode worms. 
One species occurs in the crystalline lens. 
monostratal, monostratifled (mon-o-stra'tal, 
mon-o-strat'if-id). Disposed in a single layer or 
stratum. 
monosubstituted (mon-o-sub'stit-u-ted). Having 
only one atom in the molecule replaced. 
monosymptom (mon-o-simp'tom) [Gr. pbvos single 
4- symptom]. A symptom occurring singly. 
monosymptomatic (mon"o-simp-to-mat'ik) [Gr. 
pbvos single + symptom]. Expressed by a single 
symptom. 
monosyphilid, monosyphilide (mo-no-sif'il-id) 
[Gr. pbvos single + syphilid]. Showing only a 
single syphilitic lesion. 
mono tai (mo'no-tal). A colorless, oily liquid, the 
guaiacol ester of ethylglycolic acid, CHafO.CHs).- 
CO.OfCeH^O.CHs). It is used as an analgesic 
for various painful affections, in phlebitis and 
pulmonary tuberculosis. Dose, |-i fl.dr. (2-4 
c.c.), applied to the affected area. 
monothermia (mo-no-ther'me-ah) [Gr. pbvos single 
+ Oeppt) heat]. A condition in which the temper- 
ature of the body remains the same throughout 
the day. 
monotocous (mo-not'o-kus) [Gr. yoros single + 
tokos birth]. Giving birth to but one offspring at a 
time. 
Monotremes (mo'no-tremz). The lowest order of 
mammals. 
Monotricha (mo-not'rik-ah) [see monolrichic]. A 
group of bacteria including those forms which 
have one polar flagellum. 
mono trichic, mono trichous (mon-o-trik'ik. 
mo-not'rik-us) [Gr. pboos single + Opl^ hair]. Hav- 
ing but one flagellum. 
monotropic (mo-no-trop'ik) [Gr. juopos single 4- 
Tpoirrj a turning]. Affecting only one particular 
species of bacterium or one variety of tissue. Cf. 
polytropic. 
monoureid (mo-no-u're-id). See ureid. 
monovalent (mo-nov'al-ent). i. Having a valency 
or potency of one. 2. Capable of binding one com- 
plement only: said of an amboceptor. 
monoxeny (mo-noks'en-e) [Gr. pbvos one + ^evos 
host]. Parasitism on one host only. 
monoxid (mon-oks'id). An oxid containing but one 
atom of oxygen. 
Monro's bursa, foramen, gland, line, etc. 
(mon-ro') [Alexander Monro, (primus), English 
surgeon, 1697-1767]. See bursa, foramen, gland, 
line, etc. 
mons (monz). Latin for "mountain." m. pu'bis 
[BN A], the pubic eminence; mons veneris, m. 
ure'teris, a papilla-like elevation of the mucosa 
of the bladder where the ureter enters the latter, 
m. ven'eris [L. "mount of Venus"], a rounded 
prominence at the symphysis pubis of a woman. 
Monsel's salt, solution (mon'selz). See salt, 
solution. 
Monsonia (mon-so'ne-ah). A genus of African 
and Asiatic geraniaceous plants. Some of the 
species are used in medicine as astringents. 
monster (mon'ster) [L. mon'strum]. A fetus 
malformed or with an excess or deficiency of 
parts; a teratism. autositic m., one capable of 
independent life, compound m., a monster 
made up of parts of more than one individual, 
double m. Same as twin m. endocymic m., 
a monster which never comes to birth, but is 
retained and forms the basis of a dermoid tumor. 
Gila m., a venomous lizard, Ileloder'ma hor'ridum, 
of Mexico and the southwestern part of the United 
States, parasitic m., an imperfect fetus at- 
tached to another and unable to exist alone, 
triplet m., a monster containing parts of three 
individuals, twin m., a monster consisting of 
two individuals joined at some point. 
monstriparity (mon-stri-par'it-e) [monster + L. 
par'ere to give birth to]. The act of giving birth to 
a monster. 
monstrosity (mon-stros'it-e) [L. monstr os'Has]. 1. 
Great congenital deformity. 2. A monster or 
teratism. emmenic m., a female child that 
menstruates during infancy. 
monstrucide (mon'stru-sid) [L. mon'strum mon- 
ster + cce'deie to kill]. The destruction of a fetal 
monstrosity. 
monstrum abundans (mon'strum ab-un'danz) 
[L.]. A monstrosity characterized by excess, 
m. defic'iens, a monstrosity by defect, m. 
sirenifor'me, a monster having apparently only 
one leg and no arms. 
Monteggia's dislocation (mon-tej'ahz) [Gio- 
vanni Battista Monteggia, Italian surgeon, 1762- 
1815]. See dislocation. 
Montgomery's glands (mont-gom'er-ez) [Wil- 
liam Fetherstone Montgomery, Irish gynecologist, 
1797-1859]. See gland. 
monthlies (munth'lez). The menses, or monthly 
sickness of women. 
monticulus (mon-tik'u-lus) [L.]. A small emi- 
nence. m. cerebel'li, the projecting or central MOON-BLINDNESS 
684 
MORPHIN 
part of the superior vermiform process; its ante- 
rior portion is the culmen, its posterior portion the 
declive. 
moon-blindness. Same as night-blindness. 
Moore's fracture (moorz) [Edward Mott Moore, 
American surgeon, 1814-1902]. See under frac- 
ture. 
Mooren's ulcer (moor'enz) [Albert Mooren, 
German oculist, 1828-1899]. See under ulcer. 
moradin (mo-ra'din). An alkaloid from Pogon'opus 
febrif'ugus, a rutaceous tree. 
morament (mor-am'ent). A person who is feeble- 
minded and without moral sense; a low-grade 
moron. 
moramentia (mor-am-en'she-ah). The condition 
of being feeble-minded and without moral sense. 
Morand's disease, foot, foramen, spur (mor- 
ahnz') [Sauveur Francois Morand, French surgeon, 
1697-1773]. See disease, foot, etc. 
Morax-Axenfeld conjunctivitis, diplococcus 
[Victor Mor ax, physician in Paris; Theodor 
Ax&nfeld, German ophthalmologist, born 1867]. 
See under conjunctivitis and diplococcus. 
morbicid (mor'bis-id). A disinfectant preparation 
consisting of a bactericidal soap containing 12 per 
cent, of formaldehyd. 
morbid (mor'bid) [L. mor'bidus sick]. Pertaining 
to or affected with disease; diseased. 
morbidity (mor-bid 'it-e). 1. The condition of being 
diseased or morbid. 2. The sick-rate, or pro- 
portion of disease to health in a community. 
morbific (mor-bif'ik) [L. morbif'icus; mor'bus 
sickness + fae'ere to make]. Causing disease. 
morbigenous (mor-bij'en-us). Producing disease, 
morbilli (mor-bil'i). Latin for measles. 
morbillous (mor-bil'us). Pertaining to measles. 
morbus (mor'bus). Latin for disease, m. ad- 
diso'nii. See Addison's disease, under disease. 
m. brigh'tii, Bright's disease, m. cadu'cus, 
epilepsy, m. cseru'leus, congenital cyanosis, m. 
comitia'lis, epilepsy, m. cox'se seni'lis, the 
hip-joint disease of aged people, m. coxa'rius, 
hip-joint disease, m. divin'us, epilepsy. m. 
dormiti'vus, sleeping sickness, m. ele'phas, 
elephantiasis, m. gal'licus, syphilis, m. her- 
cu'leus. 1. Elephantiasis. 2. Epilepsy, m. mac- 
ulo'sus werlho'fii. See purpura hcemorrhagica. 
m. medico'rum, a morbid propensity to consult 
physicians for trifling ailments, m. mise'rise, any 
disease due to want and neglect, m. pediculo'- 
sus, lousiness, m. re'gius, jaundice, m. sa'cer, 
epilepsy, m. seni'lis, arthritis deformans, m. 
Strangulate'rius. Same as diphtheria, m. 
vagabon'dus, vagabond's disease. See disease. 
m. virgin'eus, chlorosis, m. vul'pis, alopecia. 
M. O. R. C. Abbreviation for Medical Officers Re- 
serve Corps. 
morcellation (mor-sel-a'shun) [Fr. morcellement]. 
The division of a tumor, followed by its removal 
piecemeal. 
morcellement (mor-sel-maw'). Morcellation. 
mordant (mor'dant) [L. morde're to bite]. A 
substance used to fix a stain or dye. The chief 
mordants are alum, anilin oil, and phenol. 
mordanting (mor'dant-ing). The operation of fix- 
ing the dye in a stained specimen. 
Mor. diet. Abbreviation for L. mo're die'to, in the 
manner directed. 
Morel ear (mo'rel) [Benoit Augustin Morel, French 
alienist, 1809-1873]. See under ear. 
Morel- Kraepelin disease (mo-rel'-kra 'pel-in) 
[B. A. Morel, 1809-1873; Emil Kraepelin, German 
psychiatrist, born 1856]. Dementia praecox. 
Morelli's reaction (mo-rel'ez) [F. Morelli, Italian 
physician]. See reaction. 
Morestin's method or operation (mor-es-taz') 
[Hippolyte Mor estin, French surgeon, 1869-1919]. 
See under operation. 
Morgagni's cataract, hydatid, etc. (mor- 
gahn'yez) [Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian 
anatomist, 1682-1771]. See cataract, hydatid, etc. 
morgue (morg) [Fr.]. A place where dead bodies 
are sent for identification. 
mori succus (mo'ri suk'us) [L.]. Mulberry- 
juice; the juice of Mo'rus ni'gra, the black mul- 
berry. 
moria (mo're-ah) [Gr. pupla folly]. Dementia or 
fatuity. 
moribund (mor'ib-und) [L. moribun'dus]. In a 
dying state. 
Moringa pterygosperma (mo-rin'gah). An East 
Indian plant called sajina: used in rheumatism 
and dyspepsia. Yields ben-oil (q. v.). 
morioplasty (mo're-o-plas-te) [Gr. poptov piece 4* 
TrXdaaeip to form]. The surgical restoration of 
lost parts. 
Morison's method, paste (mor'is-unz) [Ruther- 
ford Morison, British surgeon]. See under method. 
morning-sickness (mor"ning-sik'nes). Nausea 
and vomiting occurring every morning on aris- 
ing, and constituting one of the characteristic 
symptoms of pregnancy. 
morococcus (mo-ro-kok'us) [L. mo'rus mulberry 
+ coccus]. A form of coccus or microbial mass 
from the eczematous skin. 
moron (mo'ron) [Gr. pwpbs stupid]. A feeble- 
minded person whose mental age is between eight 
and twelve years. Cf. idiot and imbecile. 
moronity (mo-ron'it-e). The condition of being a 
moron. 
Moro's reaction or test (mo'roz) [E. Moro, pedi- 
atrist in Munich, born 1874]. See under reaction. 
morosis (mo-ro'sis). Moronity. 
morphea, morphoea (mor-fe'ah) [Gr./zop^ form]. 
A skin disease marked by the formation of pink- 
ish patches or bands, bordered by a purplish 
areola. The lesions are firm, but not hard, and 
are usually elevated or depressed. They may- 
atrophy and disappear, leaving cicatrix-like 
marks. The disease is probably a trophoneuro- 
sis. Called also circumscribed scleroderma and 
Addison's keloid, acroteric m., a form specially 
affecting the extremities, m. al ba, morphea 
in which there is little pigmentation, m. atro'- 
phica, morphea in which the patches are atro- 
phied. m. flam'mea, naevus vascularis, m. 
gutta'ta. See white-spot disease, under disease. 
herpetiform m., morphea in which the lesions 
are disposed as in herpes, m. linea ris, morphea 
arranged in lines or bands, m. ni'gra, morphea 
with pigmented lesions. 
morphin (mor'fin) [L. morphi'na, morphi'num, 
mor'phia, mor'phium]. The principal and most 
active alkaloid of opium, CI7H19NO3-|-H2O, oc- 
curring in the form of colorless, shining crystals, 
having a bitter taste and an alkaline reaction. It 
is only sparingly soluble in water, and is there- 
fore usually given in the form of its salts. Mor- 
phin has the properties of opium, but it has 
less tendency to produce constipation and nar- 
cotism, and is more likely to cause nausea and 
skin eruptions. Dose of morphin and its salts, 
gr- (0.003-0.033 gm.), m. acetate, a yel- 
lowish-white powder, C17H19NO3.C2H4O2+3H2O. 
It is used in the form of li'quor mor phi'nee aceta'- 
tis, in 20-40 min. (1.3-2.6 c.c.) doses; also in the 
form of injec'tio mor phi'nee hypoder'mica. m. 
anisate, a white, soluble, crystalline salt. m. 
benzoate, a salt in white prisms or in powder: 
recommended for the relief of asthma, m. 
borate, a salt used in eye treatment and for hy- 
podermic injections. m. hydrochlorid, a white, 
crystalline substance, C17Hi9NO3.HC1+3H2O: 
used in the form of li'quor morphi'nee hydro- 
chlo'ras, tinctu'ra chlorofor'mi et morphi'nee, trochis'- MORPHINA 
ci morphi'nce, etc. Dose of hydrochlorid, gr. 
(0.0054-0.032 gm.), m. meconate, the meconic 
acid salt of morphin: used like other morphin 
salts, m. methylbromid. See morphosan, m. 
phthalate, a yellowish, crystalline salt recom- 
mended for hypodermic use. saccharinated 
m., morphin, 60.9 parts, and saccharin, 39.1 
parts, m. stearate, a salt, CnH19NO3.C17H35- 
COOH. m. sulphate, a white, crystalline sub- 
stance, (C17H19NO3)2H2.SO4-|-5H2O. Dose, 
gr. (0.0054-0.032 gm.), m. tartrate, a salt 
adapted for use in subcutaneous injections, (C17H19- 
OjNh.CaHeOe^HsO. 
morphina (mor-fi'nah). See morphin. 
morphinbromethylate (mor"fin-brom-eth'il-at). 
A white, crystalline substance, C18H22NO3Br 
+ H2O, resulting from treating morphin with 
dimethyl sulphate: used like other morphin de- 
rivatives. 
morphinism (mor'fin-izm). A morbid state due 
to the habitual misuse of morphin; also the mor- 
phin habit. 
morphinization (mor"fin-iz-a'shun). Subjection 
to the influence of morphin. 
morphinomania, morphiomania (mor"fin-o- 
ma'ne-ah, mor"fe-o-ma'ne-ah). 1. A morbid and 
habitual craving for morphin. 2. Insanity due 
to the misuse of morphin. 
morphiometry (mor-fe-om'et-re) [morphin + 
Gr. perpop measure]. The measurement of the 
amount or proportion of morphin in a drug or 
preparation. 
morphoea (mor-fe'ah). See morphea. 
morphogenesia (mor"fo-jen-e'se-ah). Morpho- 
genesis. 
morphogenesis (mor-fo-jen'es-is) [Gr. poppi) form 
+ yevvav to produce]. The evolution and develop- 
ment of form. 
morphogenetic (mor"fo-jen-et'ik). Producing 
growth; producing form or shape. 
morphography (mor-fog'raf-e) [Gr. pop<pi) form + 
ypatpeiv to write]. A description of organized 
beings, with special reference to their forms and 
structure. 
morphologic, morphological (mor-fo-Ioj'ik, mor- 
fo-loj'ik-al). Pertaining to morphology. 
morphology (mor-fol'o-je) [Gr. pop<pi) form + Xoyos 
treatise]. The science of the forms and struc- 
ture of organized beings. 
morphometry (mor-fom'et-re) [Gr. pop<p-q form + 
perpov measure]. The measurement of the forms 
of organisms. 
morphon (mor'fon) [Gr. pop<povv to form]. An 
individual organism or structural unit. 
morphophysics (mor-fo-fiz'iks). The study of the 
physical and chemic causes of development. 
morphoplasm (morTo-plazm) [Gr. pop<w form + 
irXa.<rpa anything formed]. The protoplasm of the 
cell-body. 
morphosan (mor-fo'san). A proprietary name 
for morphin methylbromid: used like morphin. 
Dose of 5 per cent, solution, 20 min. (1.33 c.c.); 
hypodermically, gr. (0.005-0.01 gm.). 
morphosis (mor-fo'sis) [Gr. pop<povv to form]. The 
process of formation of a part or organ. 
morphotic (mor-fot'ik). Pertaining to morphosis 
or formation: concerned in a formative process, 
morpio, morpion (mo/pe-o, mor'pe-on), pl. mor- 
pio'nes [LJ. The crab-louse, PhthiPius pu'bis. 
morrhua (mor'u-ah) [L.]. The cod-fish, Ga'dus 
mor'rhua, which furnishes cod-liver oil. See 
under oil. 
morrhuin (mor'u-in) [L. mor'rhua cod-fish]. A 
thick, oily ptomain, C19H27N3, from some samples 
of cod-liver oil. 
morrhuol (mor'u-ol) [L. mor'rhua cod + o'leum 
oil], A crystallizable, aromatic, and medicinal 
685 
substance from cod-liver oil. Dose, 4-12 gr. 
(0.26-0.78 gm.). 
morrhuvin (mor'u-vin). A trade name for a mix- 
ture of cod-liver oil and peptonate of iron. 
Morris' appendix, point [Robert T. Morris, 
New York surgeon, born 1857]. See under 
appendix and point. 
mors (morz). Latin for death. 
morsal (mor'sal) [L. mo/sus bite]. Taking part 
in mastication; a term applied to the masticating 
surface of a bicuspid or molar. 
Mor. sol. Abbreviation for L. mo're sol'ito, in the 
usual way. 
morsulus (mor'su-lus) [L. dim. of mor'sus bite]. 
A troche. 
morsus diaboli (mor'sus di-ab'o-li) [L. "devil's 
bite"]. The fimbriae at the ovarian extremity of 
an oviduct. 
mortal (moi7tai) [L. morta'lis]. 1. Subject to 
death or destined to die. .2. Fatal; causing or 
terminating in death. 
mortality (mor-tal'it-e). 1. The quality of being 
mortal. 2. The death-rate. 3. In life insurance, 
the ratio of deaths that take place to expected 
deaths. 
mortar (mor'tar) [L. morta'rium]. A bell-shaped 
or urn-shaped vessel of glass, iron, or porcelain, 
in which drugs are beaten, crushed, or ground with 
a pestle. 
mortification (mor"tif-ik-a'shun). Gangrene or 
sphacelus; molar death. 
mortinatility (mor"te-na-til'-it-e) [L. mors death 
+ na'tus birth]. The mortality of infants during 
pregnancy, labor, and the first twenty days after 
birth. 
mortisemblant (mor-te-sem'blant). Apparently 
dead. 
Morton's cough (mor'tunz) [Richard Morton, Eng- 
lish physician, 1637-1698]. See cough. 
Morton's current (mor'tunz) [William James 
Morton, American neurologist, 1845-1920]. See 
current. 
Morton's disease, foot, neuralgia (mor'tunz) 
[Thomas George Morton, Philadelphia surgeon, 
1835-1903]. See disease, foot, and neuralgia. 
mortuary (mort'u-a-re) [L. mortua'rium tomb]. 
1. Pertaining to death. 2. A dead-house or 
place of temporary burial. 
morula (mor'u-lah) [L. mo'rus mulberry]. The 
segmented ovum in the mulberry stage, forming 
a solid mass of cells. 
morulation (mor-u-la'shun). The process of for- 
mation of the morula. 
moruloid (mor'u-loid) [L. mo'rus mulberry + Gr. 
el3os form], A bacterial colony in the form of a 
mulberry-like mass. 
morus (mo'rus). Latin for mulberry. See mul- 
berry and mori succus. 
Morvan's disease (mor'vanz) [Augustin Marie 
Morvan, French physician, 1819-1897]. See disease. 
morvin (mor'vin). Same as mallein. 
mosaic inheritance (mo-sa'ik). See under inher- 
itance. 
Moschcowitz's operation, test (mosh'kow-itz) 
[Alexis V. Moschcowitz, American surgeon, born 
1865]. See operation and tests. 
moschus (mos'kus). Latin for musk. 
Mosetig-Moorhof bone wax (mds-et'ig-mor'hof) 
[Albert von Mosetig-Moorhof, German surgeon, 
1838-1907]. See under wax. 
Mosier's diabetes (mos'lerz) [Karl Friedrich 
Mosier, German physician, born 1831]. See under 
diabetes. 
mosquito (mus-ke'to) [Sp. " little fly "]. 1. A popu- 
lar name for gnat-like, blood-sucking and ven- 
omous insects of various genera, chiefly Cu'lex, 
Anoph'eles, and Stegomy'ia. The bite of species of 
MOSQUITO the genus Anopheles is a leading means of the 
transmission of malarial fevers. Stegomyia con- 
veys yellow fever. Anopheles and Culex transmit 
the filaria and dengue, and Janthinosoma transports 
the eggs of Dermatobia. For the life history of 
the malarial parasite in the mosquito's body, see 
Plasmodium malarice 2. An apparatus for drawing 
blood from a vessel in sterile condition, house 
m. See Culex pipiens and C. quinquefasciatus. 
mosquitocide (mos-ke'to-sid) [mosquito -f- L. ccP- 
dere to kill]. Fatal to mosquitos; an agent that 
is destructive to mosquitos. 
moss. Any plant or species of the cryptogamic 
order Mus'd; also a material composed of or 
derived from such a plant. m.-board, a 
kind of pasteboard for use in preparing surgical 
dressings: it is made principally of peat-moss 
(Sphagnum). Ceylon m. See agar, club-m. 
See Lycopodium. Iceland m. See Cetraria. 
Irish m. See Chondrus. muskeag m., peat- 
m., marsh-growing mosses, chiefly o the genus 
Sphag'num. They are considerably used in the 
preparation of moss-board and surgical dress- 
ings. sphagnum m. See muskeag m. 
Mosso's ergograph, sphygmomanometer 
(mos'oz) [Angelo Mosso, Italian physiologist, 1846- 
1910]. See ergograph and sphygmomanometer. 
mossy foot. See under foot. 
Motais' operation (mot-az') [Ernst Motais, 
French ophthalmologist, died 1913]. See opera- 
tion. 
motarium (mo-ta're-um) [LJ. Lint. 
moth (mawth). See chloasma, brown-tail m. 
See Euproctis crysorrhoea. 
mother (muth'er) [L. ma'ter\. 1. The female 
parent. 2. The vinegar fungus, My coder'ma ace'ti. 
m.-cell. See under cell. m.-liquor, the 
liquid from which any substance has been separated 
by crystallization, m.'smark. Set nevus. m.- 
Star. Same as monaster. 
motile (mo'til). Having a spontaneous but not 
conscious or volitional movement. 
motiline (mo'til-In). A contraction-promoting hor- 
mone. 
motility (mo-til'it-e). The ability to move spon- 
taneously. 
motofacient (mo-to-fa'shent). Producing motion: 
a term applied to that phase of muscular activity 
by which the muscle produces actual motion, in 
contradistinction to the non motofacient phase in 
which the muscle is contracting without producing 
motion. 
motoneuron (mo-to-nu'ron). A neuron pos- 
sessing a motor function; a motor neuron. 
motor (mo'tor) [L.]. 1. A muscle, nerve, or cen- 
ter that effects or produces movement. 2. Pro- 
ducing or subserving motion, m. oc'uli, the 
third cranial nerve, plastic m., the tissues of an 
amputation stump used to secure motion in an 
artificial limb. 
motorgraphic (mo-tor-graf'ik). Same as kineto- 
graphic. 
motorial (mo-to're-al). Pertaining to motion or 
to a motorium. 
motorium (mo-to're-um) [L.]. 1. A motor center; 
especially the common center (m. commu'ne) 
of motor influences. 2. The motor apparatus 
of the body. 
motorius (mo-to're-us) [L.]. A motor nerve, 
m. oc'uli commu'nis. See motor oculi, in nerves, 
table of. 
motormeter (mo"tor-me'ter). A device for record- 
ing the mechanic movements of the stomach. 
motorogerminative (mo"tor-o-jer'min-a-tiv). 
Developing into the muscles: said of portions of 
the mesoderm. 
motorpathy (mo-tor'path-e) [motor + Gr. -koBos 
disease]. Treatment of disease by gymnastics. 
MOSQUITOCIDE 
686 
moulage (moo-lahzh') [Fr.]. A wax model of a skin 
lesion. 
mould (mold). See mold. 
mounding (mown'ding). The rising in a lump of 
a wasting muscle when struck. 
mountain anemia, fever, sickness, etc.(mown'- 
ten). See fever, sickness, etc. 
mounting (mownt'ing). The preparation of speci- 
mens and slides for study. The chief media 
used in mounting large specimens are alcohol 
and glycerin-jelly; for microscopic objects on a 
slide, Canada balsam and glycerin. 
mouth (mowth). The cavity which contains the 
tongue and teeth, m.-breathing, habitual res- 
piration through the mouth instead of the nose, 
glass-blowers' m., swelling of the parotid gland 
in glass-blowers, m.-phenomenon. See lip 
reflex, under reflex, tapir-m. See tapir-mouth. 
movement (moov'ment). i. An act of moving; 
motion. 2. An act of defecation, ameboid m., 
the movement of an ameba or leukocyte by the 
protrusion of a pseudopodium. See ameba, an- 
gular m., a movement which increases the angle 
between two bones, associated m., a move- 
ment of parts which act together, as of the eyes, 
automatic m., a movement originating within 
the organism, but not by an act of the will. Brown- 
ian m., brunonian m., the dancing motion of 
minute particles suspended in a liquid. Brown- 
ian-Zsigmondym. Same as Brownian m. cho- 
reic m's, choreiform m's, irregular, jerky 
movements of muscles or groups of muscles, cil- 
iary m., the lashing motion of cilia occurring in 
certain of the tissues, circus m. 1. A peculiar 
circular gait; an involuntary rolling or tumbling 
movement, the result of lesions of the brain and 
basal nerve-centers. 2. A movement traveling 
continuously in circular fashion around a ring of 
muscle, communicated m., one produced 
by a force acting from without, m.-cure. 
See kinesitherapy. elastic m., a movement due to 
the return of a stretched fiber to its natural length, 
fetal m.,that of a fetus in the womb, forced 
m., a movement caused by an injury to a 
motor center or a conducting path. Frenkel's 
m's, a series of movements of precision to be per- 
formed by ataxic patients for the purpose of restor- 
ing lost coordination, index-m., a movement 
of the cephalic part of a body about the fixed 
caudal part. Magnan's m., forward and back- 
ward movement of the tongue when it is drawn 
out in general paralysis of the insane, molec- 
ular m. Same as Brownian m. nucleopetal 
m., the movement of a male pronucleus toward 
the female, passive m., any movement of the 
body effected by a force entirely outside of the 
organism, pendular m., one of the move- 
ments of the intestine in digestion, consisting 
of a gentle swinging to and fro of the different 
loops. These movements are ascribed to rhyth- 
mic contractions of the longitudinal muscles, 
reflex m., an involuntary movement provoked by 
a remote external stimulus acting through a nerve- 
center. rolling m., the rolling of an animal on 
its long axis, scissors m., a movement of the 
retinal reflex resembling the opening and shutting 
of scissors: indicative of irregular astigmatism, 
spontaneous m., one which is originated within 
the organism. Swedish m. Same as kinesi- 
therapy. 
mowers' mite (mo'erz). The Lep'tus autumna'lis. 
moxa (moks'ah) [Japanese]. A tuft of soft, com- 
bustible substance to be burned upon the skin. 
moxibustion (moks-ib-us'tshun). The burning of 
a moxa upon the skin. 
Moynihan's test (moin'yanz) [Sir Berkeley George 
Moynihan, contemporary surgeon in Leeds, Eng- 
land]. See under tests. 
moyrapuama (moi-rah-pu-am'ah). See muira- 
puama. 
MOYRAPUAMA M. R. C. 
687 
MUCOSA 
M. R. C. Abbreviation for Medical Reserve Corps. 
M. R. C. P. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal 
College of Physicians. 
M. R. C. S. Abbreviation for Member of the Royal 
College of Surgeons. 
M.S. Abbreviation for Master of Surgery. 
Ms. Symbol for masrium. 
M. T., Mt. Abbreviation for membran a tympani. 
mu (mu) [the Gr. letter mL In micrometry, a 
micron or micromillimeter-of a millimeter or 
-j-joCT an inch. 
muavin (mu-a'vin). An alkaloid from muawi-bark, 
an East African drug. Its hydrobromid, a yel- 
lowish powder, acts somewhat like digitalin. 
Muc. Abbreviation for L. mucila'go, mucilage. 
mucedin (mu'se-din). An amorphous protein 
derivable from gluten. 
Much's bacillus, granules, reaction (mooks) 
[Hans Much, German physician, born 1880]. See 
bacillus, granule, and reaction. 
Much-Holzmann reaction (mook-holts'man) 
[Hans Much and V. Holzmann, contemporary 
German physician]. See reaction. 
muchematein (mu-kem'at-in). See Mayer's mu- 
chematein, under staining methods. 
mucic acid (mu'sik). See under acid. 
mucicarmin (mu-se-kar'min). A stain for mucin 
consisting of 1 gm. of carmin, 0.5 gm. of alumi- 
num chlorid, and 2 c.c. of distilled water. 
mucidin (mu'sid-in). A solution of the mucus 
of red snails: it is bactericidal, but not antitoxic. 
muciferous (mu-sif'er-us) [mucus + L. fer're to 
bear]. Secreting mucus. 
muciform (mu'sif-orm) [mucus + L. for'ma form]. 
Resembling mucus. 
mucigen (mu'sij-en) [mucus + Gr. yewdv to pro- 
duce]. A substance found in the epithelial cells 
that secrete mucus: it is convertible into mucin 
and mucus. 
mucigenous (mu-sij'en-us). Producing mucus. 
mucilage (mu'sil-aj) [L. mucila'go], 1. An artifi- 
cial viscid paste of gum or dextrin: used in phar- 
macy as a vehicle or excipient, or in therapy 
as a demulcent. The principal mucilages are 
those of acacia, elm, salep, sassafras-pith, starch, 
and tragacanth. 2. A naturally formed viscid 
principle in a plant, consisting of a gum dissolved 
in the juices of the plant. 
mucilaginous (mu-sil-aj'in-us). Of the nature 
of mucilage; slimy and adhesive. 
mucilago (mu-sil-a'go). See mucilage. 
mucin (mu'sin). A conjugated protein (glycopro- 
tein), the chief constituent of mucus. It is insoluble 
in water and precipitated by alcohol, alum, and 
acids. Mucin is present in saliva, mucous secre- 
tions, the bile, and in certain cysts. 
mucinemia (mu-sin-e'me-ah) [mucin + Gr. alpa 
blood]. The presence of mucin in the blood. 
mucinoblast (mu-sin'o-blast) [mucin + Gr. 
PAaarbs germ], A mast-cell. 
mucinogen (mu-sin'o-jen) [mucin + Gr. yevvdv to 
produce]. The principle existing in the body 
from which mucin is derived. 
mucinoid (mu'sin-oid) [mucin + Gr. elbos form], 
1. Resembling mucin. 2. Same as mucoid, 2d def. 
mucinous (mu'sin-us). Resembling or marked by 
the formation of mucin. 
mucinuria (mu-sin-u're-ah) [mucus + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The occurrence of mucin in the urine. 
muciparous (mu-sip'ah-rus) [L. mu'cus mucus + 
par'ere to produce]. Secreting mucus. 
mucitis (mu-si'tis). Inflammation of the mucous 
membrane. 
mucocartilage (mu-ko-kar'til-aj). A soft cartilage 
the cells of wh'ch are in a mucus-like matrix. 
mucocele (mu'ko-sel) [mucus + Gr. ktjXi] tumor].. 
Dilatation of a cavity with accumulated mucous 
secretion, such as catarrhal dilatation of the 
lacrimal sac or a nasal retention-cyst; also a mucous 
polypus, suppurating m., a mucocele whose 
contents are purulent; a pyocele. 
mucocolitis (mu-ko-ko-li'tis). Mucous colitis. 
mucocutaneous (mu"ko-ku-ta'ne-us) [mucus + 
cutaneous]. Pertaining to the mucous membrane 
and the skin. 
mucodermal (mu-ko-der'mal). Pertaining to the 
skin and mucous membrane. 
muco-enteritis (mu"ko-en-ter-i'tis). Acute catar- 
rhal enteritis. 
mucofibrous (mu-ko-fi'brus). Composed of mu- 
cus and fibrous tissue. 
mucoglobulin (mu-ko-glob'u-lin). Any one of the 
class of proteins to which plastin belongs. 
mucoid (mu'koid). i. Resembling mucus. 2. 
Any one of a group of mucus-like conjugated 
proteins of animal origin. The mucoids differ from 
mucins in solubility. They are precipitated by 
acetic acid. They include colloid and ovomucoid. 
Called also mucinoid. serum-m., a mucoid from 
the blood-serum. 
mucol (mu'kol). A preparation of salicylic acid: 
used in infectious diseases of the mouth and 
throat. 
mucolysin (mu-kol'is-in) [mucus + Gr. Xuais dis- 
solution]. A cytolysin which is capable of causing 
dissolution of mucus. 
mucolytic (mu-ko-lit'ik). Destroying or dissolv- 
ing mucus. 
mucomembranous (mu-ko-mem'bran-us). Per- 
taining to or composed of mucous membrane. 
mucoperiosteal (mu"ko-per-e-os'te-al). Consist- 
ing of mucous membrane and periosteum. 
mucoperiosteum (mu"ko-per-e-os'te-um). Peri- 
osteum having a mucous surface, as in parts of the 
auditory apparatus. 
mucopurulent (mu-ko-pu'ru-lent). Containing 
both mucus and pus. 
mucopus (mu'ko-pus) [mucus + pus]. Mucus 
which has the appearance of pus on account of the 
presence of leukocytes. 
Mucor (mu'kor) [L.]. A genus of molds forming 
delicate, white tubular filaments and spheric, black 
sporangia. M. corym'bifer. Same as Lichtheimia 
corymbifera. M. muce'do, a non-pathogenic 
species from feces or other nitrogenous substances. 
It produces a fatal disease in bees, and has twice 
been found as a parasite in man in cases of mycosis. 
M. pusil'lus, a species resembling M. rhizopodi- 
for'mis, from moist bread. It is pathogenic for 
rabbits and is occasionally found in cases of 
otomycosis in man. M. racemo'sus, a mold 
from diseased pineapples; it sometimes causes in- 
testinal inflammation. M. ramo'sus, an ex- 
tremely malignant pathogenic species from white 
bread and from the ear in otomycosis. M. rhizo- 
podifor'mis, a pathogenic organism which has- 
been found in white bread and in the mouth in 
cases of hyperkeratosis. In rabbits it causes a 
fatal mycosis of the spleen, kidneys, bone-marrow, 
etc. 
Mucoracese (mu-kor-a'se-e). A family of the order 
Phycomycetes in which the thallus is not seg- 
mented and ramified. 
mucoriferous (mu-kor-if'er-us) [L. mu'cor mold -f- 
fer're, to carry]. Covered with mold. 
mucorin (mu'ko-rin). An albuminous substance 
from certain molds. 
mucormycosis (mu"kor-mi-ko'sis). A mycosis due 
to fungus of the genus Mucor. 
mucosa (mu-ko'sah) [L. "mucus"]. The mucous 
membrane, buccal m., the mucous tissue 
beyond the areolar gingiva on buccal surfaces, 
labial m., the mucous tissue beyond the areolar MUCOSAL 
688 
MULTIPOLAR 
gingiva on labial surfaces, palantine m., the 
mucous tissue covering the palate, sublingual 
m., the mucous tissue beyond the areolar gingiva 
on sublingual surfaces. 
mucosal (mu-ko'sal). Pertaining to the mucous 
membrane. 
mucosanguineous (mu"ko-san-gwin'e-us). Com- 
posed of mucus and blood. 
mucosedative (mu-ko-sed'at-iv). Soothing to the 
mucous surfaces. 
mucoserous (mu-ko-se'rus). Containing mucus 
and serum. 
mucosin (mu-ko'sin). A form of mucin peculiar 
to the more tenacious varieties of mucus, as that 
of the nasal and uterine cavities. 
mucosolvene (mu-ko-sol'ven). A proprietary dis- 
infectant and germicide for use in diphtheria. 
mucous (mu'kus) [L. muco'sus], Pertaining to or 
resembling mucus. 
mucro (mu'kro) [L. "a sharp point"]. The pointed 
end of a part or organ, m. cor'dis, the apex of the 
heart. 
mucronate (mu'kro-nat) [L. mu'cro a sharp point]. 
Having a spine-like tip or end. 
mucroniform (mu-kron'if-orm). Spine-like. 
Mucuna (mu-ku'nah) [Brazilian], 1. A genus of 
leguminous plants. 2. Cowhage; the hairs of the 
pods of M. pru'riens and M. u'rens: they are an- 
thelmintic and irritant. 
mucus (mu'kus) [L.]. The viscid watery secretion 
of the mucous glands. It is composed of water, 
mucin, inorganic salts, epithelial cells, leukocytes, 
and granular matter. 
mucusan (mu'ku-san). Diboron-zinc-tetra-ortho- 
oxybenzoate: used in gonorrhea, leukorrhea, con- 
junctivitis, etc. 
mudar (mu'dar). The root-bark of Calot'ropis 
gigan'tea, a plant of India and other hot regions: 
alterative and sudorific. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.133- 
0.333 gm.). 
mudarin (mu'dar-in). A bitter extractive from the 
bark of mudar. 
mud-bath. See bath. 
muffle, muffle furnace. An oven in which 
material may be heated without exposing it to the 
direct action of the fire. It is employed in dental 
ceramics. 
muguet (moo-gwa') [Fr.]. Thrush (1st def.). 
muhinyo (mu-hin'yo). A fever endemic in Uganda, 
similar to Malta fever. 
muiracithin (moo-e-ras'ith-in). A proprietary 
aphrodisiac combination of muirapuama and 
lecithin. 
muirapuama (moo-e"rah-poo-ah'mah). A drug 
from Brazil, reputed to be an aphrodisiac and nerve- 
stimulant. 
mulberry (mul'ber-e). Any tree of the genus 
Mo'rus. From the juice of the fruit a syrup is 
made which is used as a drink in fevers. The root 
of M. ni'gra is used for tapeworm, m. calculus, 
m. mark. See calculus and nevus. 
Mulder's angle (mul'derz) [Johannes Mulder, 
Dutch anatomist, 1769-1810]. See under angle. 
Mulder's test (mul'derz) [Gerard Jan Mulder, 
Dutch chemist, 1802-1880]. See under tests. 
mulene (mu'len). A preparation similar to am- 
brine. 
Mules' operation (mulz) [Philip Henry Mules, 
English oculist, 1843-1905]. See operation. 
muliebria (mu-le-eb're-ah) [L.]. The female gen- 
erative organs. 
muliebrity (mu-le-eb'ri-te) [L. mulieb'ritas]. 1. 
Womanly quality; the sum of the peculiarities of 
the female sex. 2. The assumption of female qual- 
ities by the male. 
mull (mul). A variety of thin, soft muslin, used in 
surgery, plaster-m., a sheet of mull coated with 
gutta-percha: used in surgery as a dressing and in 
skin diseases, salve m. See mulla. 
mulla (mul'ah). An ointment in which the base is a 
mixture of salt and lard, spread on mull or soft 
muslin. 
mullein (mul'in). See Verbascum. 
muller (mul'er). A kind of pestle, flat at the bot- 
tom: used for grinding drugs upon a slab of simi- 
lar material. 
Muller's duct, fibers, muscle, etc. (mil'erz) 
[i. Johannes Muller, German physiologist, 1801- 
1858. 2. Heinrich Muller, German anatomist, 
1820-1864]. See duct, fiber, muscle, etc. 
Muller's fluid or liquid (mil'erz) [Hermann 
Franz Miiller, German histologist, 1866-1898]. 
See under fluid. 
Muller's sign (mil'erz) [Koloman Muller, Hun- 
garian physician, born 1849]. See under sign. 
Muller's test (mil'erz) [Edward Miiller, German 
physician, born 1876]. See under tests. 
multi- [L. mul'tus many, much]. A prefix signi- 
fying many or much. 
multi-articular (mul"te-ar-tik'u-lar). Pertaining 
to or affecting many joints. 
multicapsular (mul-te-kap'su-lar). Having many 
capsules. 
multicell (mul'tis-el). Any organ made up of 
many cells; any group of functionally active cells. 
multicellular (mul-te-sel'u-lar) [L. mul'tus many 
+ cel'lula cell]. Composed of many cells. 
multicuspid, multicuspidate (mul-te-kus'pid, 
mul-te-kus'pid-at) [L. mul'tus many + cus'pis 
point]. Having many cusps. 
multifamilial (mul"te-fam-il'e-al). Affecting the 
several successive generations of a family. 
multifid (mul'tif-id) [L. multi'fidus; mul'tus many 
4- fin'dere to split]. Cleft into many parts. 
multiganglionic (mul"te-gan-gle-on'ik). Pertain- 
ing to, affecting, or possessing many ganglia. 
multiglandular (mul-te-glan'du-lar). Affecting 
many glands. 
multigravida (mul-te-grav'id-ah) [L. mul'tus many 
4- grarfida pregnant]. A woman who has often 
been pregnant. 
multi-infection (mul"te-in-fek'shun). Infection 
with several varieties of organisms. 
multilobar (mul-til-o'bar). Having numerous 
lobes. 
multilobular (mul-te-lob'u-lar) [L. mul'tus many 
4- lob'ulus lobule]. Having many lobules. 
multilocular (mul-te-lok'u-lar) [L. mul'tus many 
4- loculus cell]. Having many cells or loculi. 
multimammse (mul-te-mam'e) [L. mul'tus many ri- 
mam'wa breast]. The condition of having more 
than two breasts. 
multinodular (mul-te-nod'u-lar). Composed of 
many nodules. 
multinuclear, multinucleate (mul-te-nu'kle-ar, 
-nu'kle-at) [L. mul'tus many 4- nucleus]. Having 
several nuclei. 
multipara (mul-tip'ar-ah) [L. mul'tus many 4- 
par'ere to bear]. A woman who has borne several 
children. 
multiparity (mul-tip-ar'it-e). The condition of 
being a multipara. 
multiparous (mul-tip'ar-us). Having given birth 
to several children. 
multipartial (mul-tip-ar'shal). Made from several 
strains of the same organism: said of sera. 
multiple (mul'tip-1) [L. mul'tiplex}. Manifold; 
occurring in various parts of the body at once. 
multipolar (mul-te-po'lar) [L. mul'tus many -J- 
po'lus pole]. Having more than two poles or 
processes. MULTIROOTED 
689 
MURMUR 
multirooted (mul-te-roo'ted). Having many roots; 
said of molar teeth. 
multirotation (mul-tir-o-ta'shun). See mutarota- 
tion. 
multituberculate (mul"te-tu-ber'ku-lat). Having 
many tubercles. 
multivalent (mul-tiv'al-ent) [L. mul'tus many + 
vale're to have value]. Having the power of 
combining with more than two univalent atoms. 
muma (mu'mah). Myositis purulenta tropica. 
mummification (mum"if-ik-a'shun). Dry gan- 
grene; also the drying up and shriveling of the 
fetus. 
mumps (mumps) [L. parotidi' tis\. Contagious paro- 
tiditis; a contagious febrile disease marked by 
inflammation and swelling of the parotid gland. 
After an incubation period of about three weeks 
the symptoms appear with fever, headache, and 
pain beneath the ear. Soon there develops a 
tense, painful swelling in the parotid region, 
which interferes with mastication and swallow- 
ing and renders both actions painful. After a 
period of a few days to a week the symptoms 
gradually disappear. Sometimes the submaxil- 
lary and other salivary glands are involved, and 
occasionally the testicles, mammae, or the labia 
majora become swollen. One attack generally 
confers immunity from another. The causative 
organism is probably a filterable virus, meta- 
static m., that which involves the testis or a 
mammary gland and labium majus. single m., 
that which affects only one of the parotid glands. 
Mundinus (mun-di'nus). An Italian physician and 
anatomist, also known as Mondino da Luzzi, 
professor of medicine at Bologna. He is said to 
have been the first of his time to dissect the human 
body. Died 1326. 
munity (mu'nit-e). The state of being susceptible 
to infection. 
Munro's point (mun-roz) [John Cummings 
Munro, Boston surgeon, 1858-1910]. See under 
point. 
mural (mu'ral) [L. mura'lis, from mu'rus wall]. 
Pertaining to or occurring in a wall. 
Murchison's pill (mer'tshis-unz) [Charles Murchi- 
son, English physician, 1830-1879]. See under 
pill. 
Mu'rex purpu'rea. A gastropodous mollusk of 
the Mediterranean: from it a homeopathic remedy 
is prepared: used in uterine diseases. 
murexid (mu-reks'id) [L. mu'rex purple sea-snail]. 
Ammonium purpurate, CsH4O6N5.NH4.H2O, a 
brownish-red powder formerly used as a dye. m. 
test. See under tests. 
muriate (mu're-at) [L. mu'ria brine]. An obsolete 
synonym of chlorid. 
muriatic (mu-re-at'ik) [L. muriat'icus; mu'ria 
brine]. Derived from common salt. m. acid. 
See acid, hydrochloric. 
murine (mu'rin). A proprietary remedy for local 
use in eye diseases: antiseptic and astringent. 
murmekiasmosis amphilaphes (mer"me-ki-as- 
mo'sis am-fil'af-ez) [Gr. pvppeKiaapos outbreak of 
warts on the body and apiplXatpys spreading]. A 
supposedly new disease of the tropics, consisting 
of cutaneous warts marked by extremely rapid 
growth, spreading to the whole side of the face and 
neck. 
murmur (mu/mur) [LJ. A gentle blowing aus- 
cultatory sound, accidental m., one due to 
some temporary and unimportant circumstance, 
amphoric m., a respiratory murmur having an 
amphoric character, anemic m., one due to a 
watery condition of the blood, aneurysmal m., 
a vascular murmur caused by an aneurysm, aortic 
m., a sound indicative of disease of the aortic 
valves, apex-m., a murmur heard over the apex 
of the heart, arterial m., a murmur in an ar- 
tery, sometimes aneurysmal and sometimes hemic. 
attrition m., the sound produced by the friction 
of the pericardial surfaces in some cases of peri- 
carditis. bellows m., the bruit de souffle, a 
puffing systolic heart-sound, blood-m., one due 
to an abnormal, and commonly to anemic, condi- 
tion of the blood. Called also hemic m. Bright's 
m. See bruit de cuir neuf. bronchial m., a 
murmur heard over the large bronchi resembling a 
laryngeal respiratory murmur, cardiac m., any 
adventitious sound heard over the region of the 
heart, cardiopulmonary m., a murmur caused 
by the impact of the heart against the lung: some- 
times also due to physical and histologic changes 
in the substance of the lung, cardiorespira- 
tory m. Same as cardiopulmonary m. cres- 
cendo m., a heart murmur marked by a pitch 
which rises progressively and a force which increases 
progressively and a sudden termination: it is heard 
in mitral stenosis, deglutition m., a murmur 
heard on auscultation over the esophagus during 
the act of swallowing, diastolic m., one occur- 
ring with and after the second sound of the heart. 
Heard at the apex, it is a sign of mitral obstruction; 
at the base of the heart, it is due to aortic regurgita- 
tion; more rarely to pulmonary regurgitation, 
direct m., one due to a roughened endocardium 
and contracted valvular orifice. Called also ob- 
structive m. Duroziez's m., a double murmur 
in the femoral artery due to aortic regurgitation, 
dynamic m., one caused by the irregular pulsa- 
tion of the heart, endocardial m., an abnormal 
sound produced within the cavity of the heart. 
Eustace Smith's m., a venous hum heard over 
the manubrium when the patient's head is stretched 
backward in bronchial stenosis, exocardial m., 
a cardiac murmur produced outside of the heart's 
cavities, expiratory m., a soft buzzing sound 
heard on expiration and caused by the current of air 
passing through the bronchi. Fisher's m., a sys- 
tolic murmur heard over the anterior fontanel or in 
the temporal region in rickets. Flint's m., a loud 
presystolic murmur at the apex in aortic regurgita- 
tion. Fraentzel m., a murmur louder at the be- 
ginning and the end of diastole than during the mid- 
period: heard in mitral stenosis, friction-m., 
one due to the rubbing together of two serous 
surfaces, functional m., a cardiac murmur 
due to anemia or to excited action of the heart. 
Graham Steele m., the murmur caused by 
relative pulmonary insufficiency; it is a soft diastolic 
murmur heard in the pulmonary area in the third 
left intercostal space near the border of the sternum 
and thence propagated down the sternum, heart 
m. Same as cardiac m. hemic m. See blood-m. 
humming-top m. Same as venous hum. See 
hum. indirect m., one that is caused by the 
reversal of the direction of the blood-current, 
inorganic m., any murmur not due to a valvular 
or other lesion, inspiratory m., the murmur 
heard over the lungs during inspiration, lapping 
m., a cardiac murmur resembling the sound of a 
cat lapping milk, heard in rupture of the aorta. 
Makins' m., a reproduction in the heart of 
the systolic murmur heard over a wounded artery, 
metallic m., a metallic musical sound heard over 
the lungs during inspiration, mitral m., a 
murmur due to disease of the mitral valve, mus- 
cle m., a murmur heard over a muscle in a state 
of contraction, musical m., a cardiac mur- 
mur with a musical quality. Nun's m., bruit 
de diable, obstructive m. See direct m. 
organic m., one due to a structural change 
in the heart, in a vessel, or in the lung substance. 
Parrot's m., a soft murmur heard instead of the 
cardiac sound in asystole, pericardial m., a 
murmur produced in the pericardial sac. pleuro- 
pericardial m., a pleural friction-sound heard 
in the pericardial region and resembling a peri- 
cardial murmur, prediastolic m., one that 
occurs just before and with the diastole. Heard 
at the apex, it is due to mitral obstruction; at the 
base of the heart, to aortic regurgitation; more 
rarely, to pulmonary regurgitation, presystolic MURPHY BUTTON 
690 
MUSCLE 
A TABLE OF ENDOCARDIAL MURMURS. 
Time of 
Occurrence. 
Site of Greatest 
Intensity. 
Direction of 
Transmission. 
Seat of 
Lesion. 
Nature of 
Lesion. 
Systolic. 
At cardiac apex. 
Along left fifth and sixth 
ribs-in left axilla-in the 
back, at inferior angle of 
left scapula. 
Mitral 
orifice. 
I ncompetency-Regurgi- 
tation. 
Systolic. 
At junction of right second 
costal cartilage with ster- 
num. 
To junction of right clav- 
icle with sternum-in 
course of right carotid. 
Aortic 
orifice. 
Narrowing-Obstruction. 
Systolic. 
At ensiform cartilage. 
Feebly transmitted. 
Tricuspid 
orifice. 
Incompetency-Regurgi- 
tation. 
Systolic. 
At left second intercostal 
space, close to sternum. 
Feebly transmitted. 
Pulmonary 
orifice. 
Narrowing-Obstruction. 
Diastolic- 
At junction of right second 
costal cartilage with ster- 
num. 
To midsternum-in course 
of sternum. 
Aortic 
orifice. 
Incompetency-Regurgi- 
tation. 
Diastolic. 
At left second intercostal 
space, close to sternum. 
In course of sternum. 
Pulmonary 
orifice. 
Incompetency-Regurgi- 
tation. 
(Diastolic) 
presystolic. 
Over body of heart. 
To apex of heart. 
Mitral 
orifice. 
N arrowing-Obstruction. 
( Diastolic) 
presystolic. 
At ensiform cartilage. 
Feebly transmitted. 
Tricuspid 
orifice. 
N arrowing-Obstruction. 
m., one occurring just before the systole, from 
mitral or tricuspid obstruction. pulmonic 
m., one due to disease of. the valves of the pul- 
monary artery, reduplication m., a heart 
murmur in which the mitral and tricuspid first 
sound or the aortic and pulmonary second sounds 
are heard separately, regurgitant m., that 
which is due to a dilated valvular orifice, res- 
piratory m., the murmur heard on auscultation 
over the normal lung during respiration. Roger's 
m. See bruit de Roger. see-saw m. Same 
as to-and-fro m. spontaneous m., a car- 
diac murmur heard over a wide extent, and 
chiefly due to aortic valvular insufficiency, ste- 
nosal m., a sound produced in an artery by 
artificial pressure or by a stenosis, subclavicu- 
lar m., a sound sometimes produced in the sub- 
clavian artery during systole, and due to a stenosis: 
mostly a symptom of tuberculous disease, sys- 
tolic m., one at the systole: due to aortic, tri- 
cuspid, or pulmonary obstruction, to-and-fro 
m., a pericardial murmur occurring with both the 
systole and the diastole. Traube's m., cantering 
rhythm. See rhythm, tricuspid m., a murmur 
caused by disease of the tricuspid valves, vas- 
cular m., a murmur occurring in a blood-vessel, 
venous m., a murmur occurring in a vein, 
vesicular m., the murmur of normal breath- 
ing. water-wheel m. See bruit de moulin. 
Murphy button, method, sign, treatment 
(mer'fe) [John Benjamin Murphy, Chicago sur- 
geon, 1857-1916]. See button, method, sign, treat- 
ment. 
murrain (mur'in). Any destructive cattle-plague, 
murrina (moo-re'nah). A form of trypanoso- 
miasis among mules and horses in the Canal Zone 
(Darling, 1911). It is thought to be caused by the 
Trypanoso'ma hip'picum, and is marked by anemia, 
weakness, emaciation and edema, conjunctivitis, 
pyrexia, and some posterior paralyses. 
Mus (mus) [L. "mouse"]. A genus of rats and 
mice M. decuma'mus. Same as M. norvegicus. 
M. alexandri'nus, the Egyptian or roof rat. M. 
mus'culus, the common house mouse. M. norve'- 
gicus, the brown or barn rat. M. rat'tus, the Eng- 
ligh black rat. 
Musca (mus'kah) [L. "fly"]. A genus of flies. M. 
bra'va, a South American fly which is probably 
instrumental in transmitting mal de Caderas. M. 
domes'tica, the common house fly. It may act 
as a mechanical carrier of the microorganisms of 
typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, plague, and of 
pyogenic bacteria. The larvae may cause myiasis. 
M. lute'ola. See Auchmeromyia. M. vomito'- 
ria. See Calliphora vomitoria. 
muscse volitantes (mus'e vol-it-an'tez) [L. "flitting 
flies "]. Specks seen floating before the eyes. 
muscardin (mus'kar-din). Any disease of silk- 
worms caused by Botry'tis bassia'na. 
muscarin (mus'kar-in) [L. musca'rius pertaining 
to flies], A deadly alkaloid, OH(CHg)3N.CH2.- 
CHO.H2O, from various mushrooms, as the fly- 
agaric, Agar'icus musca'rius; also from rotten fish. 
Its nitrate is a cardiant, diaphoretic, and sialogogue. 
It has been used in hay-fever, bronchitis, and 
diabetes insipidus. Dose, ^5-1 gr. (0.002-0.066 
gm.), to be given with great caution. 
muscarinism (mus'kar-in-izm). Poisoning by 
muscarin. 
muscegenetic (mus"e-jen-et'ik). Giving rise to 
muscae volitantes. 
muscicide (mus'kis-id) [L. mus'ca fly + ca'dere to 
kill]. Destructive to flies; also any agent which 
destroys flies. 
Muscidae (mus'id-e). A family of the Diptera. It 
includes the following genera: Auchmeromyia, 
Calliphora, Chrysomyia, Cordylobia, Glossina, Lu- 
cilia, Musca, and Stomoxys. 
muscle (mus'el) [L. mus'cuius]. An organ which 
by contraction produces the movements of an 
animal organism. Muscles are composed of a 
fibrous tissue, chemically characterized by the 
presence of syntonin, or muscular fibrin, and 
endowed with the property of contractility. 
They are of two varieties: striated, or striped, 
including all the muscles in which contraction 
is voluntary and the heart muscle; unstriated, 
smooth, or organic, including all the involuntary 
muscles except the heart, such as the muscular 
layer of the intestines, bladder, blood-vessels, 
etc. Striated muscles are covered with a thin 
layer of connective tissue (epimysium) from which 
septa (perimysium) pass, dividing the muscle into 
bundles of fibers, or fasciculi. Each fasciculus 
contains a number of parallel fibers separated by 
connective-tissue septa (endomysium). Each fiber 
consists of an outer covering with transverse septa, 
the sarcolemma, containing sarcous substance and 
nuclei, or muscle-corpuscles. The sarcous sub- 
stance is marked by minute transverse lines, 
whence the name, striated muscle. Smooth muscles 
are composed of elongated, spindle-shaped nucleated 
cells arranged parallel to one another, and usually 
in bundles of varying size. Muscle-plasma is the 
liquid obtained from fresh muscles by means of 
pressure. Muscle-rods are minute longitudinal lines found by Schafer in striated muscular tissue. 
Muscle-serum is the liquid remaining after a clot 
has formed in muscle-plasma. See muscles, table of. 
antagonistic m., a muscle which counteracts 
the action of another muscle, appendicular m., 
one of the muscles of a limb, articular m., a 
joint-muscle. Bell's m's, the musculi pylori of 
the ureters, bipennate m., a muscle in which the 
fibers converge on either side of a central tendon, 
m.-bound, affected with decreased elasticity of 
the muscles, combined with increase in their bulk, 
as a result of overuse. Bowman's m., the ciliary 
muscle. Briicke's m., the longitudinal part 
of the ciliary muscle, cardiac m., the muscle of 
the heart; its fibers are cross-striated. Casser's 
m., an incorrect name for the anterior ligament of 
the malleus. Called also laxator tympani minor. 
Chassaignac's axillary m., an occasional 
fascicle of muscle tissue extending from the lower 
edge of the latissimus dorsi across the hollow of the 
axilla to the brachial fascia or to the lower border 
of the pectoralis minor, m.-columns, in certain 
organisms, such as mollusks and worms, the con- 
tractile bundles within the central sarcoplasm. 
Crampton's m. , a striated eye-muscle of birds, 
extending from the annular ligament to the sclera, 
m.-curve. See myogram, digastric m., a 
muscle having two fleshy bellies with a fibrous in- 
sertion between them, eustachian m., the 
laxator tympani. femoral m., the crureus. 
Folius'm., the laxator tympani. fusiform m., 
a spindle-shaped muscle. Gavard's m., the ob- 
lique muscular elements of the stomach-wall. 
Guthrie's m., the transversus perinei profundus. 
Hilton's m., the aryteno-epiglottideus. Hor- 
ner's m., the tensor tarsi. Houston's m., the 
compressor venae dorsalis penis, hypaxial m's, 
the rectus anticus major, longus colli, the vertebral 
portion of the diaphragm, and the sacrococcygeus 
anticus. Called also subvertebral m. infrahyoid 
m's, the sternohyoid,. sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, 
and omohyoid, inspiratory m's, the muscles 
which act in inspiration, such as the diaphragm, 
intercostals, and pectorals, involuntary m., 
any muscle that is not under the control of the will: 
such muscles are, for the most part, non-striated. 
Koyter's m., the corrugator supercilii muscle. 
Landstrom's m., minute muscle-fibers in the 
fascia around and behind the eyeball, attached in 
front to the anterior orbital fascia and eyelids. 
Langer's m., muscular fibers from the insertion 
MUSCLE 
691 
of the pectoralis major muscle over the bicipital 
groove to the insertion of the latissimus dorsi. 
Luschka's m's, the uterosacral ligaments, which 
contain muscular tissue. Merkel's m., the kera- 
tocricoid muscle. Muller's m., the circular part 
of the ciliary muscle, non-striated m., un- 
striped m., a variety without transverse striations 
upon its constituent fibers: such muscles are in 
almost every case involuntary. Ochsner's m., 
a sphincter described by Ochsner in the duodenum, 
2-4 cm; below the entrance to the common duct, 
organic m., non-striated muscle, pennate 
m., a muscle with fibers converging on either one 
or both sides of a central tendon. Phillips' 
m., a muscular slip from the lateral external liga- 
ment of the wrist and the styloid process of the 
radius to the phalanges. Reisseisen's m's, 
the muscular elements of the bronchial tubes, 
rider's m's, the adductor muscles of the thigh. 
Riolan's m., a slip from the orbicularis palpe- 
brarum, running along the free border of the eyelid. 
Rouget's m., the circular portion of the ciliary 
muscle. Santorini's m., the risorius. San- 
torini's m., circular, the non-striated fibers 
which incircle the urethra beneath the constrictor 
urethrae, skeletal m's, those which are attached 
to the bones: nearly always striated, smooth, 
m., a non-striated muscle, somatic m's, skeletal 
muscles, m.-spindle, a bundle of fine mus- 
cular fibers, inclosed in a. sheath of connective 
tissue, striated m., striped m., any muscle 
whose fibers are divided by transverse bands into 
striations: such muscles are, for the most part, 
voluntary, synergic m's, synergistic m's, 
muscles which assist one another in action, the- 
nar m's, the abductor and flexor muscles of 
the thumb. Treitz's m., a muscular suspensory 
that passes from the left crus of the diaphragm to 
the points of union of the duodenum and jejunum, 
unipennate m., a muscle in which the fibers 
converge on one side of a tendon, ventrolateral 
m. See ventrolateral mass, under mass, verat- 
rinized m. (Kblliker, 1856), frog muscle treated 
with veratrin, which on stimulation gives a double- 
summited curve, with a normal period of shorten- 
ing, followed by brief relaxation; second, slower 
contraction with prolonged relaxation, visceral 
m's, muscles not derived from the somates of the 
embryo; they may be voluntary or involuntary, 
voluntary m., any muscle that is under the con- 
trol of the will: nearly always striated. 
MUSCLE 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Abduc'tor dig'iti 
quin'ti. 
Abduc'tor hallu'cis. 
Same as Abductor 
minimi digiti. 
Inner tubercle of os 
Inner side of base 
Interna.n.antar 
Abducts and flexes 
calcis, plantar fascia. 
of first phalanx of 
nerve. 
first phalanx of 
Abduc'tor in'dicis. 
intermuscular s e p - 
turn; internal annular 
ligament. 
Ulnar edge of first and 
great toe. 
Radial side of index 
First digital branch 
great toe. 
Abducts index finger; 
flexes first and 
radial borderof 
finger. 
of radial nerve. 
Abduc'tor lon'gus 
pol'licis. 
Abduc'tor min'imi 
second metacarpal 
bone. 
See Extensor ossis 
metacarpi pollicis. 
Pisiform bone. 
Ulnar side of first 
Deep palmar branch 
extends other 
phalanges. 
Abducts the little 
dig'iti ma'nus. 
phalanx of little 
of ulnar nerve. 
finger. 
Abduc'tor min'imi 
Outer tubercle of os 
finger. 
Outer side of first 
External plantar; 
Abducts the little toe. 
dig'iti pe'dis. 
calcis, plantar fascia, 
phalanx of little toe. 
superficial branch. 
Abduc'tor os'sis 
and intermuscular 
septum. 
Outer tubercle of os 
Tuberosity at base 
External plantar 
Abducts the little toe. 
metatarsi quin/ti. 
calcis. 
of fifth metatarsal 
nerve: superficial 
Abduc'tor pol'licis 
bre'vis. 
Same as Abductor pol- 
licis. 
bone. 
branch. MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
692 
MUSCLES 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Abduc'tor pol'licis 
ipn'gus. 
Same as Extensor 
os sis metacarpi pol- 
licis. 
Abduc'tor pol'licis 
Trapezium, annular 
First phalanx of 
First digital branch 
Carries forward first 
ma'nus. 
ligament, and palmar 
fascia. 
thumb and tendon 
of extensor longus. 
of median. 
phalanx of thumb. 
Abduc'tor pol'licis 
pe'dis. 
Inner tubercle of os cal- 
cis; internal annular 
ligament. 
First phalanx of great 
toe; inner side at 
base. 
Internal plantar. 
Abducts the great toe. 
Accelera'tor uri'nae. 
Accesso'rius ad ac- 
cesso'rium. 
Central tendon and 
median raphe of 
perineum. 
See Flexor accessorius 
long us digitorum 
pedis. 
Triangular ligament; 
bulb, spongy and 
cavernous bodies of 
penis, etc. 
Perineal branch of 
pudic. 
Ejects urine and 
semen; aids in 
erection. 
Accesso'rius ad 
Coronoid process and 
Perforating tendons 
Anterior interosseous 
Aids in flexing 
flexo'rem digito'- 
rum profun'dum. 
internal condyle of 
humerus. 
of flexor profundus 
digitorum. 
and ulnar. 
fingers. 
Accesso'rius ad sacro- 
Angles of six lower 
Angles of six upper 
Branches from dor- 
Erects the spine and 
lumba'lem. 
ribs. 
ribs. 
sal. 
bends body back- 
ward. 
Accesso'rius glute'us 
min'imus. 
Outer surface of ilium. 
Anterior border of 
great trochanter. 
Superior gluteal. 
Aids gluteus min- 
imus. 
Accesso'rius orbicu- 
la'ris inferio'ris. 
Inferior maxilla out- 
ward from levator la- 
bii inferioris. 
Angle of mouth, join- 
ing buccinator, etc. 
Contracts mouth. 
Accesso'rius orbicu- 
la'ris superio'ris. 
Alveolar edge of upper 
jaw opposite incisor 
teeth. 
Angle of mouth. 
Contracts mouth. 
Adduc'tor bre'vis. 
Body and ramus of 
pubes.f 
Proximal part of linea 
aspera of femur. 
Obturator. 
Adducts, rotates out- 
ward, and flexes 
thigh. 
Adduc'tor hallu'cis. 
Tarsal ends of middle 
metatarsal bones, 
etc. 
Outside of base of first 
phalanx of great 
toe. 
External plantar. 
Adducts the great toe. 
Adduc'tor lon'gus. 
Crest of pubes and 
symphysis. 
Linea aspera of femur. 
Obturator. 
Rotates outward, ad- 
ducts, and flexes 
thigh. 
Adduc'tor tnag'nus. 
Ramus of pubes and 
of ischium. 
Linea aspera of femur 
and great trochan- 
ter. 
Great sciatic and 
obturator. 
Adducts thigh and 
everts it. 
Adduc'tor min'imus. 
Adduc'tor obli'quus 
The anterior portion of 
the adductor magnus. 
See Adductor hallucis. 
Ischium and body 
and ramus of pubes. 
Obturator and great 
sciatic. 
Adducts thigh. 
hallu'cis. 
Adduc'tor pol'licis. 
Adduc'tor quadra'tus. 
Adduc'tor transver'- 
Third metacarpal 
bone. 
See Adductor mini- 
mus. 
See Transversuspedis. 
Base of first phalanx 
of thumb; inner side. 
Ulnar. 
Adducts thumb to- 
ward median line. 
sus hallu'cis. 
Amygdaloglos'sus. 
Pharyngeal aponeuro- 
sis over tonsil. 
Continuous with pal- 
atoglossus. 
Assists in lifting edge 
of tongue, and in 
rendering the dor- 
sum concave. 
Ancone'us. 
Antitra'gicus. 
Back of outer condyle 
of humerus. 
Outer part of antitra- 
gus. 
Olecranon and shaft 
of ulna. • 
Caudate process of 
helix. 
Musculospiral. 
Temporal and poste- 
rior auricular. 
Extends forearm. 
Arrecto'res pi'li. 
Articula'ris ge'nu. 
Aryepiglot'ticus. 
Papillary layer of skin. 
Same as Subcrureus. 
Same as Arytano-epi- 
glottideus. 
Hair-follicles. 
Sympathetic. 
Elevates hairs of skin. 
Ary taeno - epiglottid'- 
eus infe'rior. 
Arytenoid cartilage. 
Epiglottis, anterior 
surface. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Compresses sacculus 
laryngis. 
Arytaeno - epiglottid'- 
eus supe'rior. 
Tip of arytenoid car- 
tilage. 
Arytenoepiglottidean 
folds. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Constricts the open- 
ing of larynx. 
Arytaenoi'deus. 
Base and outer border 
of arytenoid carti- 
lage. 
Apex of other ary- 
tenoid cartilage. 
Recurrent .aryngeal. 
Closes posterior part 
of glottis. 
Arytaenoi'deus rec'- 
tus. 
Back part of arytenoid 
cartilage. 
Corniculum laryngis. 
Probably shortens the 
larynx. 
Attol'lens au'rem. 
Occipitofrontal apon- 
eurosis. 
Upper cranial side of 
pinna. 
Temporal branch of 
facial nerve. 
Elevates pinna; di- 
lates auditory canal. 
At'trahens au'rem. 
Lateral cranial apon- 
eurosis. 
Helix and edge of 
concha. 
Facial. 
Raises and advances 
pinna. MUSCLES 
693 
MUSCLES 
Smooth muscle-cells from the intestine of a cat: 
in 1, isolated; in 2 and 3, in cross-section. At a the 
cell is cut in the plane of the nucleus; at c, in the 
neighborhood of the pointed end. In 3 is seen the 
manner in which neighboring cells are joined to 
each other by intercellular bridges. 
Transverse section through striated muscle-fibers of a rabbit: x 
and 3, from a muscle of the lower extremity; 2, from a lingual mus- 
cle. In 2, Cohnheim's fields are distinct; in r, less clearly shown; 
in 3 the muscle-fibrils are more evenly distributed. 
Cross-section of a muscle-fiber of the human heart; 
a, contractile substance-; b, nucleus. 
From a striated muscle of man, ob- 
tained by teasing: h, a median disk lying 
in the transverse disk, Q ; z, the interme- 
diate disk borders above and below on the 
light isotropic disks. 
Voluntary muscle: F, three voluntary muscle-fibers in long sections; a, three voluntary mus- 
cle-fibers ; 4, nuclei of same; c, fibrous tissue between fibers (endomysium); d, fibers separated 
into sarcostyles. B. structure of a muscle-fiber (diagrammatic): a, dark band; b, light band; c, 
median line of Hensen ; d, membrane of Krause; e, sarcolemma ; f, nucleus. C, diagram of 
the structure of the fibrils of a striated muscle-fiber; a. light band ; b, dark band ; c, contractile 
elements; d, dots composing membrane of Krause; narrowing of contracting elements 
forming Hensen s line (Leroy). 
Heart-muscle, semidiagrammatic: a, 
nucleus; b, branch of fibers; c, cross- 
striation (Leroy). MUSCLES 
694 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
N ERVE-SUPPLY. 
Action. 
Auricula'ris ante'rior. 
Auricula'ris poste'- 
rior. 
Auricula'ris supe'- 
rior. 
Same as Attrahens 
aurem. 
Same as Retrahens 
aurem. 
Same as Attollens 
aurem, 
Az'ygos pharyn'gis 
(occasional). 
Pharyngeal tubercle 
of occipital bone. 
Raphe of pharynx. 
Glossopharyngeal. 
Blended with supe- 
rior constrictor. 
Az'ygos u'vulae. 
Posterior nasal spines 
of palate bones. 
Uvula. 
Facial. 
Raises tip of uvula. 
Basioglos'sus. 
Fibers of hyoglossus 
arising from base of 
hyoid bone. 
Tongue. 
Hypoglossal. 
Depresses side of 
tongue. 
Bi'ceps cu'biti. 
I. Long head upper 
margin of glenoid 
cavity. 2. Short 
head coracoid proc- 
ess. 
Tuberosity of radius 
and fascia of fore- 
arm. 
Musculocutaneous. 
Flexes and supinates 
forearm; flexes and 
adducts arm. 
Bi'ceps fem'oris. 
1. Long head from is- 
chial tuberosity. 2. 
Short head from li- 
nea aspera. 
Head of fibula and 
outer tuberosity of 
head of tibia. 
Great sciatic and ex- 
ternal popliteal. 
Flexes knee and ro- 
tates it outward. 
Biven'ter cervi'cis. 
Bowman's. 
Brachia'lis. 
Transverse processes 
and spines of 2-4 
upper dorsal. 
See Ciliary. 
Same as Brachialis 
anticus. 
Superior curved line 
of occipital bone. 
Upper cervical. 
Retracts, lowers, and 
rotates head. 
I Brachia'lis anti'cus. 
Brachiocapsula'ris. 
Brachioradia'lis. 
Brucke's. 
Lower half of the shaft 
of humerus, front 
surface. 
See Subscapularis. 
See Supinator longus. 
The longitudinal por- 
tion of ciliary mus- 
cle. 
Coronoid process of 
ulna at junction 
with shaft. 
Musculospiral; mus- 
culocutaneous. 
Flexes the forearm. 
Buccina'tor. 
Bulbocaverno'sus. 
Cani'nus. 
Cephalopharyn'geus. 
Alveolar edges of max- 
illary bones; pterygo- 
maxillary ligament. 
See Accelerator urince. 
Same as Levator an- 
guli oris. 
See Constrictor of 
Orbicularis oris. 
pharynx, superior. 
Buccal branch of 
facial. 
Compresses the cheeks 
and retracts the an- 
gles of the mouth. 
Cervica'lis ascen'- 
Angles of four or five 
Transverse processes 
External branches of 
Keeps head and neck 
dens. 
Chondrocoracoid (oc- 
casional) . 
upper ribs. 
First costal cartilage. 
of 4th, 5th, and 6th 
cervical vertebrae. 
Coracoid process over- 
lying the coraco- 
brachialis. 
cervical. 
erect; raises upper 
ribs. 
Chondroglos'sus. 
Choroid. 
Inner side and base of 
lesser cornu of hyoid 
bone. 
See Ciliary. 
Substance of tongue. 
Hypoglossal. 
Depresses and re- 
tracts tongue. 
Ciliary. 
Cir'cumflexus pal'ati. 
Longitudinal division, 
junction of cornea 
and sclera; circular 
division, fibers form 
a ring. 
See Tensor palati. 
Outer layers of cho- 
roid and ciliary 
processes. 
Short (oculomotor) 
ciliary. 
Visual accommoda- 
tion. 
Cleidoepitrochlea'ris. 
Clavicular portion of 
deltoid. 
Internal condyle of 
the humerus. 
Circumflex. 
Raises arm and draws 
it forward. 
Coccyg'eus. 
Ischial spine and lesser 
sacrosciatic ligament. 
Coccyx, sacrococcy- 
geal ligament, and 
sacrum. 
Fourth and fifth sa- 
cral. 
Supports and raises 
coccyx, and closes 
pelvic outlet. 
Complex'us. 
Compres'sor hemi- 
sphaer'icus bul'bi. 
Transverse processes 
7th cervical and 6 
upper dorsal, and 
articular processes of 
4th to 6th cervical. 
That portion of the 
bulbocaver nosus 
which overlies the 
most prominent part 
of the bulb. 
Occipital bone. 
Suboccipital, great 
occipital, various 
internal branches of 
cervical. 
Retracts, rotates, and 
otherwise moves 
the head. 
Compres'sor na'rium. 
Superior maxillary 
bone. 
Fellow muscle and 
nasal fibrocartilage. 
Facial. 
Compresses nostrils. 
Compres'sor na'rium 
mi'nor. 
Cartilage of ala nasi. 
Skin at end of nose. 
Facial. 
Compresses nostrils. MUSCLES 
695 
MUSCLES 
Muscles of the right side of the head and neck : 1, frontalis ; 
3, superior auricular; 3, posterior auricular; 4, orbicularis palpe- 
brarum ; 5, pyramidalis nasi; 6, compressor naris; 7, levator labii 
superiors alaeque nasi; 8, levator labii superioris ; 9, zygomaticus 
major; ro, orbicularis oris; xx, depressor labii inferioris; 12, de- 
pressor anguli oris ; 13, anterior belly of digastric ; 14, mylohyoid; 
15, hyoglossus; 16, stylohyoid; 17, posterior belly of digastric; 
18, the masseter; 19, sternohyoid ; 20, anterior belly of omohyoid ; 
21, thyrohyoid ; 22, 23, lower and middle constrictors of pharynx ; 
24, sternomastoid ; 25, 26, splenius ; 27, levator scapulae ; 28, ante- 
rior scalenus; 29, posterior belly of omohyoid; 30, middle and 
posterior scalenus ; 31, trapezius. 
Muscles of the neck from the front. On the left side the pla- 
tysma has been removed, and on the right the digastric, the stylo- 
hyoid, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid : 1, posterior, and 
x', anterior belly of digastric; 2, mylohyoid; 3, geniohyoid; hye- 
glossus ; 5, styloglossus: 6, stylohyoid; 7, stylopharyngeus; 8, 
sternomastoid; 9, 9', omohyoid; xo, sternohyoid; xx, 12, sterno- 
thyroid ; 13, levator scapulae. 
Muscles of the trunk from before (left side superficial, and 
right side deep, muscles): r, pectoralis major; 2, deltoid; 3, por- 
tion of latissimus dorsi; 4, serratus magnus ; 5, subclavius ; 6, the 
pectoralis, sternocostal portion ; 7, serratus magnus; 12, rectus 
■abdominis; 13, internal oblique ; 14, external oblique ; is, abdomi- 
nal aponeurosis and tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis; 
16, over symphysis pubis; 17, linea semilunaris; 18, gluteus me- 
dius ; 19, tensor vaginae femoris ; 20, rectus femoris ; 21, sartorius ; 
22, femoral part of iliopsoas; 23, pectineus; 24, adductor longus; 
35. gracilis. 
Muscles of the trunk from behind (left side, superficial; right 
side, deep). i, sternomastoid ; 2, splenius; 3, trapezius; 4, latissi- 
mus dorsi; 5, infraspinatus ; 6, teres minor; 7, teres major ; 8, del- 
toid ; 9, external oblique of abdomen ; 10, gluteus medius ; 11, glu- 
teus maximus ; 12, levator anguli scapulae ; 13, rhomboideus minor; 
14, rhomboideus major ; 15, part of longissimus dorsi; 16, tendons 
of insertion of iliocostalis; 17, supraspinatus; 18, infraspinatus; 
19, teres minor; 20, teres major; 21, serratus magnus; 22, upper; 
and 22', lower part of serratus posticus inferior; 23. internal ob- 
lique ; 24, gluteus medius ; 25, pyriformis and superior and inferior 
gemelli; 26, 26', portions of obturator internus; 27, tendon of ob- 
turator internus; 28, quadratus femoris. MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
696 
MUSCLES 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Compres'sor sac'culi 
laryn'gis. 
Compres'sor ure'thrae. 
Compres'sor vagi'nae. 
Compres'sor ve'nae 
dorsa'lis pe'nis. 
Constric'tor isth'mi 
fau'cium. 
Constric'tor of phar- 
ynx (inferior). 
Constric'tor of phar- 
ynx (middle). 
Constric'tor of phar- 
ynx (superior). 
Constric'tor ure'thrae. 
Constric'tor vagi'nse. 
Coracobrachia'iis. 
Corruga'tor cu'tis 
a'ni. 
Corruga'tor super- 
cil'ii. 
Crampton's. 
Cremas'ter. 
Cremas'ter, internal, 
of Henle. 
Crico-arytenoi'deus 
latera'lis. 
C r i c o-arytenoi'deus 
posti'cus. 
Cricothyroid. 
Crure'us. 
Del'toid. 
Depres'sor a'l® na'si. 
Depres'sor an'guli 
o'ris. 
Depres'sor epiglot'- 
tidis. 
Depres'sor la'bii in- 
ferio'ris. 
Depres'sor sep'ti. 
Depres'sor thyroi'- 
deus {anomalous). 
Depres'sor ure'thrae. 
Detru'sor uri'nse. 
Diaphragm. 
Digastric (anterior 
belly). 
Arytenoid cartilage. 
Ramus of pubes and 
» ischium. 
The bulbocavernosi 
of the female. 
Ischiocavernosus mus- 
cle. 
See Palatoglossus. 
Cricoid and thyroid 
cartilages. 
Cornua of hvoid and 
stylohyoid ligament. 
Palate bone, internal 
pterygoid plate, 
pt ery go m axillary 
ligament, alveolar 
process of jaw, and 
side of tongue. 
See Compressor ure- 
thra. 
See Compressor vagi- 
na. 
Coracoid process of 
scapula and inter- 
muscular septum. 
Submucous tissue with- 
in the anus. 
Inner end of supercili- 
ary ridge. 
See Ciliary. 
Middle of Poupart's 
ligament. 
Fibers of gubernac- 
ulum testis. 
Side of cricoid carti- 
lage. 
Back of cricoid carti- 
lage. 
Front and side of cri- 
coid cartilage. 
See Vastus internus. 
Clavicle, acromion, and 
spine of scapula. 
Incisive fossa of upper 
maxilla. 
External oblique line 
of lower maxilla. 
A portion of thyro-epi- 
glottideus. 
External oblique line 
of lower jaw bone. 
Septally attached part 
of depressor alae nasi. 
Lower border first tra- 
cheal ring. 
Ramus of ischium near 
transversus perinei 
profundus. 
Posterior surface of 
pubes. 
Ensiform and costal 
cartilages, 6 or 7 lower 
ribs, ligamenta arcu- 
ata and lumbar ver- 
tebrae. 
Intermediate tendon 
and hyoid bone. 
Anterior surface of 
epiglottis. 
Fellow muscle. 
Central tendon of 
perineum. 
Fascia of penis, over 
dorsal vessels. 
Posterior median 
raphe. 
Posterior median 
raphe. 
Posterior median 
raphe. 
Middle of inner face 
of shaft of humerus. 
Skin surrou nding 
anus. 
Under surface of or- 
bicularis palpebra- 
rum. 
Crest of pubic bone 
and sheath of rectus 
abdominis. 
Elements of fetal 
spermatic cord. 
Outer angle of base of 
arytenoid cartilage. 
Outer angle of base 
of arytenoid carti- 
lage. 
Thyroid cartilage at 
lower inner border. 
Middle of outer side 
of shaft of humerus. 
Septum and ala of 
nose. 
Angle of the mouth. 
Epiglottis. 
Lower lip. 
Lower border of thy- 
roid cartilage. 
Fibers of constrictor 
vaginae. 
Outer muscular layer 
of bladder. 
Central tendon. 
Inner surface of in- 
ferior maxilla, near 
symphysis. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Dorsal nerve of penis. 
Perineal branch of 
pudic. 
Perineal branch of 
pudic. 
Glossop haryngeal, 
pharyngeal plexus, 
and external and 
recurrent laryngeal. 
Pharyngeal plexus 
and glossopharyn- 
geal. 
Pharyngeal plexus, 
glossopharyngeal. 
Musculocutaneous. 
Sympathetic. 
Facial. 
Genital branch of 
genitocrural. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Superior laryngeal. 
Circumflex. 
Buccal branch of fa- 
cial. 
Supramaxillary 
branch of facial. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Supramaxillary 
branch of facial. 
Sympathetic. 
Phrenic. 
Mylohyoid branch of 
inferior dental. 
Compresses the sac- ' 
cuius laryngis. 1 
Expels urine and se- 
men; aids in erec- 
tion. 
Constricts vagina. 
Aids in erection. 
Contracts pharynx, ; 
as in swallowing. 
Contracts pharynx, 
as in swallowing. 
Contracts pharynx, 
as in swallowing. 
Flexes and adducts 
arms. 
Corrugates the skin 
around the anus. 
Draws eyebrow down 
and inward; wrink- 
les forehead. 
Retracts testicle. 
Closes chink of glot- 
tis. 
Opens chink of glot- 
tis. 
Renders vocal cords 
tense. 
Raises arm and aids 
in carrying it for- 
ward and back- 
ward. 
Contracts nostril and 
depresses ala. 
Depresses the angle 
of the mouth. 
Depresses epiglottis. 
Depresses lower Kp. 
Depresses thyroid 
cartilage. 
Depresses urethra. 
Expels urine. 
Respiration and ex- 
pulsive acts. 
Elevates and retracts 
hyoid bone and 
tongue. MUSCLES 
697 
MUSCLES 
Fig. i 
FIG. i.-Superficial Muscles of Shoulder and Arm, from before : 1, pectoralis major: 2, deltoid ; 3, biceps brachii; 4, brachialis 
anticus ; 5, triceps; 6, pronator radii teres ; 7, flexor carpi radialis : 8, palmaris longus ; 9. flexor carpi ulnaris; ro. supinator longus : 11, 
extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis; 12, extensor brevis pollicis; 13, flexor sublimis digitorum; 14, flexor longus pollicis; 15, flexor profun- 
dus digitorum ; 16, palmaris brevis ; 17, abductor pollicis. 
FlG. 2.-Superficial Muscles of Shoulder and Arm, from behind : r, trapezius: 2, deltoid: 3, rhomboideus major; 4, infraspi- 
natus; 5, teres minor; 6, teres major; 7, latissimus dorsi; 8, triceps; 9, anconeus; 10, brachialis anticus; 11, supinator longus; 12, ex- 
tensor carpi radialis longior; >3, extensor carpi radialis brevior; 14, extensor communis digitorum ; 15, extensor carpi ulnaris; 16, flexor 
carpi ulnaris ; 17, extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis ; 18, extensor brevis pollicis ; 19, tendon of extensor longus pollicis. 
FIG. 3.-Superficial Muscles of Hip and Thigh, from behind: 1, gluteus medius; 2, gluteus maximus; 3, vastus externus; 4, 
biceps flexor cruris; 5, semitendinosus; 6, semimembranosus; 7, gracilis; 8, sartorius; 9, adductor magnus; 10, 11, gastrocnemius; 12^ 
origin of plantaris. 
Fig. 2. 
Fig. 3. 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 5. 
Fig. 6. 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 8. 
F1G. 4.-Muscles of inner side of thigh and interior of pelvis : 1, iliacus; 2, psoas magnus; 3, obturator internus; 4, pyrifor- 
mis; 5, erector spinae; 6, gluteus maximus; 7, sartorius; 8, adductor longus; 9, gracilis; 10, adductor magnus; n, semimembranosus; 
12, semitendinosus; 13, rectus femoris; 14, vastus internus. 
FIG. 5.- Superficial muscle of leg from inner side : 1, vastus internus; 2, sartorius ; 3, gracilis; 4, semitendinosus; 5, semimem- 
branosus ; 6. inner head of gastrocnemius; 7, soleus; 8, tendon of plantaris; 9, tendon of tibialis posticus; 10, flexor longus digitorum; 
11, flexor longus hallucis; 12, tibialis anticus ; 13, abductor hallucis. 
FIG. 6. -Superficial muscles of front of thigh : 1, insertion of external oblique into iliac crest; 2, aponeurosis of external oblique ; 
3, external abdominal ring ; 4, gluteus medius ; 5, tensor vaginae femoris ; 6, sartorius ; 7, iliopsoas ; 8, pectineus : 9, adductor longus; 10, 
gracilis; 11, adductor magnus; 12, vastus externus; 13, rectus femoris; 14, vastus internus; 15, biceps flexor cruris. 
Fig. 1.-Muscles of leg and foot, from before: 1, tendon of rectus femoris; 2, vastus internus; 3, vastus externus; 4. sartorius; 
5, iliotibial band; 6, inner head of gastrocnemius; 7, inner part of soleus; 8, tibialis anticus; 9, extensor proprius hallucis; 10, extensor 
longus digitorum ; 11, peroneus longus ; 12, peroneus brevis ; 13, peroneus tertius ; 14, origin of extensor brevis digitorum. 
FIG. Superficial muscles of leg from behind : 1, vastus externus ; 2, biceps flexor cruris ; 3, semitendinosus ; 4, semimembrano- 
sus ; 5, gracilis; 6, sartorius ; 7, outer, and 8, inner head of gastrocnemius ; 9, plantaris; 10, soleus; 11, peroneus longus ; 12, peroneus 
brevis ; 13, flexor longus digitorum ; 14, tibialis posticus ; 15, lower fibers of flexor longus hallucis MUSCLES 
698 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES 
•.- Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
1 
INSERTION. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Digastric (posterior 
belly). 
Digastric groove of 
mastoid process. 
Hyoid bone and inter- 
mediate tendon. 
Facial. 
Elevates and retracts 
hyoid bone and 
tongue. 
Dilata'tor na'ris an- 
te'rior. 
Alar cartilage. 
Skin at border of ala 
of nose. 
Infra-orbital branch of 
facial. 
Dilates the nostril. 
Dilata'tor na'ris pos- 
te'rior. 
Nasal notch of upper 
maxilla. 
Skin near margin of 
nostril. 
Infra-orbital branch of 
facial. 
Dilates the nostril. 
Dorsal interos'sei of 
hand, 4. 
Sides of metacarpal 
bones. 
Bases of correspond- 
ing first phalanges. 
Ulnar. 
Abduct fingers from 
median line; aid in 
flexion and exten- 
sion. 
Dorsal interos'sei of 
foot, 4. 
Epicra'nius. 
Sides of metatarsal 
bones. 
Same as Occipito- 
frontalis. 
Base of first phalanx 
of corresponding 
toe. 
External plantar. 
Abduct toes; aid in 
flexion and exten- 
sion. 
Erec'tor clito'ridis. 
Tuberosity and ramus 
of ischium. 
Crus of clitoris. 
Perineal branch of 
external pudic. 
Erects the clitoris. 
Erec'tor pe'nis. 
Erec'tor pi'li. 
Ischial tuberosity, crus 
penis, and pubic 
ramus. 
See A rrectores pili. 
Tunic of corpus 
cavernosum. 
Perineal branch of 
external pudic. 
Maintains erection. 
Erec'tor spi'nae. 
Exten'sor annula'ris 
(anomalous). 
Exten'sor bre'vis 
digito'rum ma'nus 
(anomalous). 
Sacro-iliac groove, 
spines of sacrum, 
lumbar and three 
lower dorsal spinous 
processes. 
Posterior face of shaft 
of ulna. 
Ligamentous tissues on 
back of wrist. 
Passes into sacrolum- 
balis, longissimus 
dorsi, and spinalis 
dorsi. 
Tendon of ring-finger. 
Tendons of third, 
fourth, and fifth 
fingers. 
Lumbar and dorsal 
nerves, external 
posterior branches. 
Extension of lumbar 
spinal column. 
Exten'sor bre'vis 
digito'rum pe'dis. 
Exten'sor bre'vis 
hallu'cis. 
Exten'sor bre'vis 
pol'licis. 
Os calcis; anterior 
annular ligament. 
That portion of exten- 
sor brevis digitorum 
that goes to great toe. 
See Extensor primi 
internodii pollicis. 
First phalanx of great 
toe and tendons of 
extensor longus 
digitorum. 
Anterior tibial. 
Extends first pha- 
langes of toes. 
Exten'sor car'pi 
External condyle of 
Base of third meta- 
Posterior interos- 
Extends and abducts 
radia'lis bre'vior. 
humerus. 
carpal bone. 
seous. 
wrist; helps to flex 
forearm. 
Exten'sor car'pi 
radia'lis lon'gior. 
External condyloid 
ridge of humerus. 
Base of metacarpal 
of index-finger. 
Musculo-spiral. 
Extends and abducts 
wrist; helps to flex 
forearm. 
Exten'sor car'pi 
ulna'ris. 
1. External condyle of 
humerus. 2. Poste- 
rior border of ulna. 
Fifth metacarpal. 
Posterior interos- 
seous. 
Extends and abducts 
wrist; helps to flex 
forearm. 
Exten'sor coccy'gis. 
Last bone of sacrum or 
first of coccyx. 
Tip of coccyx. 
Sacral branches. 
Extends coccyx. 
Exten'sor commu'nis 
Outer condyle of hu- 
Second and third 
Posterior interos- 
Extends fingers; 
digito'rum. 
Exten'sor dig'iti 
quin'ti pro'prius. 
merus; intermuscu- 
lar septum. 
Same as Extensor 
minimi digiti. 
phalanges of fingers. 
seous. 
helps extend fore- 
arm. 
Exten'sor in'dicis. 
Exten'sor in'dicis 
pro'prius. 
Back of ulna; inter- 
osseous membrane. 
Same as Extensor in- 
dicis. 
Second and third 
phalanges of index- 
finger. 
Posterior interos- 
seous. 
Extends index-finger. 
Exten'sor lon'gus 
digito'rum pe'dis. 
Exten'sor lon'gus 
pol'licis. 
Outer tuberosity of 
tibia, shaft of fibula, 
etc. 
See Extensor secundi 
internodii pollicis. 
Second and third pha- 
langes of four lesser 
toes. 
Anterior tibial. 
Extends toes; flexes 
foot and turns it out. 
Exten'sor m i n' i m i 
Outer condyle of hu- 
Second and third pha- 
Posterior interos- 
Extends little finger; 
dig'iti. 
Exten'sor os'sis meta- 
car'pi pol'licis. 
Exten'sor pol'licis 
bre'vis. 
merus, etc. 
Same as Extensor 
prim i internodii 
pollicis. 
Same as Extensor 
secundi internodii 
pollicis. 
langes of little 
finger. 
seous. 
extends forearm 
slightly. 
Exten'sor p 0 1'1 i c i s 
Back of radius, ulna, 
Base of metacarpal of 
Posterior interos- 
Extends metacat pal 
lon'gus. 
and interosseous 
membrane. 
thumb, radial side. 
seous. 
bone of thumb. MUSCLES 
699 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Exten'sor pri'mi in- 
terno'dii hallu'cis 
lon'gus {anoma- 
Fibula and interosse- 
ous membrane. 
Inner part of base of 
first phalanx of 
great toe. 
Extends thumb. 
Exten'sor pri'mi in- 
terno'dii pol'licis. 
Exten'sor pro 'prius 
dig'iti m in' i mi 
{anomalous}. 
Back of radius; inter- 
osseous membrane. 
Distal part of ulna, or 
posterior ligament of 
wrist. 
Base of first phalanx 
of thumb. 
Base of first phalanx 
of little finger. 
Posterior interos- 
seous. 
Extends thumb. 
Extends little finger. 
Exten'sor pro'prius 
hallu'cis. 
Middle of fibula in 
front; interosseous 
membrane. 
Base of last phalanx 
of great toe. 
Anterior tibial. 
Extends great toe; 
flexes foot. 
Exten'sor secun'di in- 
i terno'dii pol'licis. 
Back of ulna; interos- 
seous membrane. 
Base of last phalanx 
of thumb. 
Posterior interos- 
seous. 
Extends thumb. 
Flex'or accesso'rius 
digito'rum pe'dis (2 
1 heads}. 
1. Inner; 2. Outer sur- 
face of os calcis, etc. 
Tendon of flexor lon- 
gus digitorum. 
External plantar. 
Aids in flexing toes. 
Flex'or accesso'rius 
lon'gus digito'rum 
pe'dis {inconstant}. 
Shaft of tibia or fibula. 
Tubercle of os calcis, 
and tendon of long 
flexor. 
External plantar. 
Helps flex the toes. 
Flex'or bre'vis digi- 
to'rum pe'dis. 
Inner tubercle of os 
calcis, plantar fas- 
cia, etc. 
Second phalanges of 
lesser toes. 
Internal plantar. 
Flexes toes. 
Flex'or bre'vis hallu'- 
cis. 
Under surface of cu- 
boid and external 
cuneiform bones, etc. 
Base of first phalanx 
of the great toe. 
Internal plantar. 
Flexes and adducts 
first phalanx of 
great toe. 
Flex'or bre'vis min'i- 
mi dig'iti ma'nus. 
Unciform bone and an- 
nular ligament. 
First phalanx of the 
little finger. 
Ulnar. 
Flexes and abducts 
little finger. 
Flex'or bre'vis min'i- 
> mi dig'iti pe'dis. 
Base of fifth metatar- 
sal bone, etc. 
Base of first phalanx 
of the little toe. 
External plantar. 
Flexes little toe; ad- 
ducts fifth metatar- 
sal bone. 
• Flex'or bre'vis pol'li- 
2 heads-outer : annu- 
Base of first phalanx 
Outer head-median, 
Flexes first phalanx 
j cis ma'nus. 
1 Flex'or bre'vis pol'li- 
1 cis pe'dis. 
lar ligament; trape- 
zium ; inner: first 
metacarpal bone. 
See Flexor brevis hal- 
lucis. 
of thumb 
palmar branch. In- 
ner head-deep ul- 
nar. 
of thumb and ex- 
tends second pha- 
lanx. 
1 Flex'or car'pi radia'- 
lis. 
Internal condyle of hu- 
merus ; intermuscu- 
lar septum. 
Metacarpal bone of 
index - finger at 
base. 
Median. 
Flexes and abducts 
wrist; helps to pro- 
nate hand and flex 
forearm. 
1 Flex'or car'pi ulna'- 
ris. 
1 Flex'or cru'ris. 
Flex'or dig'iti quin'- 
ti bre'vis. 
Flex'or in'dicis. 
2 heads-1. Internal 
condyle of humerus. 
2. Olecranon, ulna, 
etc. 
See Biceps femoris. 
Same as Flexor brevis 
minimi digiti. 
The indicial portion of 
the flexor profundus 
digitorum. 
5th metacarpal and 
pisiform bone. 
Ulnar. 
Flexes and adducts 
wrists. 
Flex'or lon'gus digi- 
to'rum pe'dis.. 
Shaft of tibia, poste- 
rior surface. 
Last phalanges of les- 
ser toes. 
Posterior tibial. 
Flexes toes and ex- 
tends toot. 
Flex'or lon'gus halin'- 
Inner surface of lower 
Base of distal phalanx 
Posterior tibial. 
Flexes great toe and 
cis. 
two-thirds of shaft of 
fibula. 
of great toe. 
• 
extends foot. 
Flex'or lon'gus pol'li- 
cis. 
Flex'or os'sis meta- 
car'pi pol'licis. 
Anterior surface of 
radius and coronoid 
process of ulna. 
See Opponens pollicis. 
Base of distal phalanx 
of thumb. 
Anterior interosseous. 
Flexes thumb. 
Flex'or profun'dus 
Shaft ot ulna, coronoid 
Distal phalanges of 
Ulnar and anterior 
Flexes distal pha- 
digito'rum. 
process, etc. 
fingers. 
interosseous. 
langes. 
Flex'or subli'mis digi- 
to'rum {3 heads}. 
Fronta'lis. 
x. Inner condyle of 
humerus, etc. 2. 
Coronoid process of 
ulna. 3. Oblique line 
of radius. 
See Occipitofrontalis. 
Second phalanges of 
fingers. 
Median. 
Flexes second pha- 
langes ; flexes fore- 
arm slightly. 
Gastrocne'mius {2 
heads}. 
Gavard's. 
Condyles of the femur. 
The oblique muscular 
fibers of the stomach- 
walls. 
Os calcis by the 
Achilles tendon. 
Internal popliteal. 
Extends foot; flexes 
leg, etc. 
Gemel'lus infe'rior. 
Tuberosity of ischium; 
lesser sacrosciatic 
notch'. 
Great trochanter. 
Sacral plexus. 
Rotates extended 
thigh; abducts it 
when flexed. 
Gemel'lus supe'rior. 
1 
Spine of ischium ; les- 
ser sacrosciatic notch. 
Great trochanter. 
Sacral plexus. 
Rotates extended 
thigh; abducts it 
when flexed. MUSCLES 
700 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Geniohyoglos'sus. 
Superior genial tuber- 
cle of lower jaw-bone. 
Hyoid bone and 
under surface of 
tongue. 
Hypoglossal. 
Retracts, depresses, 
and protrudes 
tongue; raises 
hyoid. 
Geniohy'oid. 
Glossopalati'nus. 
Inferior genial tuber- 
cle of lower jaw-bone. 
Same as Palatoglossus. 
Body of hyoid bone. 
Hypoglossal. 
Lifts and advances 
hyoid; aids in de- 
pressing jaw. 
Glute'us max'imus. 
Superior curved line 
and crest of ilium, 
sacrum, and coccyx. 
Fascia lata; femur 
below great tro- 
chanter. 
Inferior gluteal and 
sacral plexus. 
Extends,. abducts, 
and rotates thigh 
outward. 
Glute'us me'dius. 
Ilium between supe- 
rior and middle 
curved lines. 
Great trochanter. 
Superior gluteal. 
Rotates, abducts, and 
extends thigh. 
Glute'us min'imus. 
Glute'us quar'tus. 
Ilium between middle 
and inferior curved 
lines, etc. 
See Accessorius glute 
Great trochanter. 
us minimus. 
Superior gluteal. 
Rotates, abducts, and 
extends thigh. 
Gra'cilis. 
Guthrie's. 
Ramus of pubes and 
ischium. 
See Transversus peri- 
nei, deep. 
Inner surface of shaft 
of tibia. 
Obturator. 
Flexes and adducts 
leg and adducts 
thigh. 
Hel'icis ma'jor. 
Tubercle on helix. 
Spine of helix. 
Auriculotemporal and 
posterior auricular. 
Renders tense the 
skin of auditory 
canal. 
Hel'icis mi'nor. 
Henle's. 
Hilton's. 
Horner's. 
Houston's. 
Anterior rim of helix. 
See Prerectalis. 
See Compressor sacculi 
See Ciliary and Tensor 
See Compressor vena 
Concha. 
laryngis. 
tarsi. 
dorsalis penis. 
Auriculotemporal and 
posterior auricular. 
Renders tense the 
skin of auditory 
canal. 
Hyoglos'sus. 
Hyopharyn'geus. 
Body and cornua of 
hyoid bone. 
See Constrictor 0f 
Side of tongue. 
pharynx, middle. 
Hypoglossal. 
Depresses side of 
tongue and retracts 
tongue. 
Ili'acus. 
Iliocos'tal. 
Iliocosta'lis dor'si. 
Iliocosta'lis lumbo'- 
rum. 
Incisu'rae Santori'ni. 
Upper half of iliac fos- 
sa and crest, ala of 
sacrum, etc. 
See Sacrolumbalis. 
Same as Accessorius ad 
Same as Sacrolumba- 
lis. 
See Intertragicus. 
Lesser trochanter. 
sacrolumbalem. 
Anterior crural. 
Flexes and rotates 
thigh outward, etc. 
Infracosta'les, io. 
Inner surface of ribs. 
Inner surface of first, 
second, or third rib 
below. 
Intercostal. 
Inspiration, by rais- 
ing ribs. 
Infraspina'tus. 
Infraspinous fossa. 
Great tuberosity of 
humerus. 
Suprascapular. 
Rotates humerus out- 
ward, etc. 
Interaryt'enoid. 
Side of one arytenoid 
cartilage. 
Side of other aryte- 
noid cartilage. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Draws together the 
arytenoid carti- 
lages. 
Intercos'tals, exter- 
nal, XX. 
Outer lip of inferior 
border of ribs. 
Superior border of rib 
below. 
Intercostal. 
Probably depress ribs 
in expiration. 
Intercos'tals, internal, 
ii. 
Inner lip of inferior 
border of ribs. 
Upper border of rib 
below. 
Intercostal. 
Probably raise ribs in 
inspiration. 
Interos'sei dorsa'les 
of foot (4). 
Surfaces of adjacent 
metatarsal bones. 
Outer sides of bases 
of first phalanges. 
External plantar. 
Flex first, and extend 
second and third 
phalanges; abduct 
second, third, and 
fourth toes. 
Interos'sei dorsa'les 
of hand (4). 
Sides of metacarpal 
bones. 
Sides of aponeurosis 
of extensor tendon; 
neighboring parts 
of first phalanges. 
Ulnar. 
Abduct fingers, flex 
first and extend 
second and third 
phalanges. 
Interos'sei palma'res 
(3)- 
Sides of metacarpal 
bones. 
Aponeurosis of exten- 
sor tendons, neigh- 
boring parts of first 
phalanges. 
Ulnar. 
Adduct fingers, flex 
first and extend 
second and third 
phalanges. 
Interos'sei ■ planta'res 
(3)- 
Inner and under sur- 
faces of 3 outer meta- 
tarsal bones. 
Inner sides of first 
phalanges of cor- 
responding toes. 
External plantar. 
Adduct first phalan- 
ges of three outer 
toes; flex phalan- 
ges of first row, and 
extend the rest. 
Interspina'les. 
Under surface of spines 
of vertebrae near 
apex. 
Posterior part of up- 
per surface of spine 
below. 
Internal poste rior 
branches of spinal 
nerves. 
Supports spinal col- 
umn. 
Intertra'gicus. 
Anterior wall cartilag- 
inous canal of ear. 
Opposite side of larger 
fissure of ear. 
Posterior auricular. 
Dilates the concha. MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.- Continued. 
701 
MUSCLES 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Intertransversa'Ies. 
Ischiocaverno'sus. 
Between transverse 
process of contiguous 
vertebrae. 
See Erector penis. 
Spinal nerves. 
Support and flex spi- 
nal column. 
Isehiococcy'geus. 
Ischiocon' dy loid. 
Jar'javay's. 
Keratocri'coid. 
Keratoglos'sus. 
Spine of ischium and 
pelvic fascia. 
The portion of adduc- 
tor magnus. inserted 
into the internal con- 
dyle of femur. 
See Depressor ureth- 
rce. 
Near lower border of 
cricoid cartilage. 
Those fibers of the hyo- 
glossus that arise 
from greater cornu 
of hyoid bone. 
Coccyx and median 
raphe. 
Inferior horn of 
thyroid cartilage. 
Fourth sacral. 
Raises floor of pelvis; 
aids in defecation. 
Latis'simus dor'si. 
Spinous processes of 6 
lower dorsal and 
lumbar and sacral 
vertebrae, crest of 
ilium, and 4 lowest 
ribs. 
Bicipital groove of 
humerus. 
Long subscapular. 
Draws arm down- 
ward and backward 
and rotates it 
L a x a' t o r tym'pani 
ma'jor. 
Spinous process of 
sphenoid and ante- 
rior wall of tym- 
panum. 
Neck of malleus. 
Tympanic. 
Is probably ligament- 
ous and not truly 
muscular. 
Laxa't or tym'pani 
mi'nor. 
Upper and back part 
of external auditory 
canal. 
Short process and 
handle of malleus. 
Tympanic. 
Is a ligament with no 
true muscular tis- 
sue. 
Leva'tor an'guli o'ris. 
Canine fossa of upper 
maxilla. 
Angle of mouth. 
Infraorbital branch of 
facial. 
Raises angle of mouth 
and draws it in. 
Leva'tor an'guli 
Transverse processes 
Posterior edge of 
Third and fourth 
Raises upper angle of 
scap'ute. 
of 4 upper cervical 
vertebrae. 
scapula. 
cervical. 
scapula; aids in 
rotating head. 
Leva'tor a'ni. 
Leva'tor clavic'ulae 
(anomalou"). 
Leva'tor glan'dulae 
thyroi'deae (anom- 
alous). 
Body and ramus of 
pubes, pelvic fascia, 
spine of ischium. 
Transverse processes 
of first and second 
cervical vertebrae. 
Isthmus or pyramid of 
thyroid gland. 
Rectum, coccyx, and 
raphe of perineum. 
Outer portion of 
clavicle. 
Body of hyoid bone. 
Sacral and perineal 
branch of pudic. 
Supports rectum and 
vagina; aids in 
defecation. 
Leva'tor la'bii infe- 
rio'ris. 
Incisive fossa of lower 
jaw-bone. 
Skin of chin. 
Supramaxillary 
branch of facial. 
Raises lower lip and 
wrinkles chin. 
Leva'tor la'bii supe- 
rio'ris. 
Inferior margin of 
orbit. 
Upper lip. 
Infraorbital branch of 
facial. 
Lifts and protrudes 
upper lip. 
Leva'tor la'bii supe- 
Nasal process of upper 
Cartilage of ala nasi 
Infraorbital branch of 
Raises upper lip and 
rio'ris ala'que na'si. 
Leva'tor men'ti. 
jaw-bone. 
See Levator labii infe- 
and upper lip. 
rioris. 
facial. 
dilates nostril. 
Leva'tor pala'ti. 
Petrous bone and 
Eustachian tube. 
Raphe of soft palate. 
Sphenopalatine gan- 
glion (facial). 
Raises soft palate. 
Leva'tor pal'pebrae 
; superio'ris. 
Leva'tor pharyn'gis. 
Lesser wing of sphe- 
noid. 
See Stylopharyngeus. 
Upper tarsal plate. 
Third. 
Raises upper lid. 
Leva'tor prosta'tae. 
Leva'tor ve'li palati'- 
ni. 
A part of the anterior 
portion of the leva- 
tor ani muscle. 
Same as Levator 
palati. 
Supports and com- 
presses prostate. 
Levato'res costa'rum 
(12 pairs). 
Transverse processes 
of seventh cervical 
and 11 upper dorsal 
vertebrae. 
Each to next two ribs 
below. 
Intercostal. 
Lift ribs in inspiration. 
Lingua'lis infe'rior. 
Under surface of 
tongue at base. 
Tip of tongue. 
Chorda tympani. 
Shortens tongue. 
Lingua'lis supe'rior. 
Submucosa and septum 
of tongue. 
Edges of tongue. 
Hypoglossal. 
Shortens tongue and 
raises its edges and 
tip. 
Lingua'lis transver'- 
sus. 
Median septum of 
tongue. 
Edges of tongue. 
Hypoglossal. 
Narrows and 
stretches tongue 
and lifts its edges. 
Lingua'lis vertica'lis. 
Longis'simus cap'itis. 
Upper surface of 
tongue near sides of 
tip. 
Same as Trachelomas- 
toid. 
Under surface of 
tongue. 
Hypoglossal. 
Flattens tip of tongue. MUSCLES 
702 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.- Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Longis'simus cervi'- 
cis. 
Longis'simus dor'si. 
Same as Transversa- 
lis cervicis. 
Transverse and articu- 
Transverse processes 
Lumbar and dorsal. 
Supports spine and 
Lon'gus atlan'tis. 
Lon'gus cap'itis. 
Lon'gus col'li: 
x. Upper oblique 
portion. 
2. Lower oblique 
lar processes of lum- 
bar vertebrae and 
fascia. 
The superior or upper 
oblique portion of the 
longus colli. 
Same as Rectus capi- 
tis anticus major. 
Transverse processes 
of third to fifth cervi- 
cal vertebrae. 
Bodies of first to third 
of lumbar and dor- 
sal vertebrae and 
lowest ribs. 
Anterior arch of atlas. 
Transverse processes 
Lower cervical. 
bends trunk back- 
ward. 
Flexes and supports 
cervical vertebrae. 
Accessory to flexors 
portion. 
3. Vertical portion. 
Lumbrica'les, 4, of 
dorsal. 
Bodies of 3 dorsal and 
3 cervical vertebrae. 
Tendons of flexor 
of fifth to sixth cer- 
vical vertebrae. 
Bodies of second to 
fourthcervical 
vertebrae. 
First phalanges of 
External and internal 
foot. 
longus. 
lesser toes and ten- 
plantar. 
and extensors. 
Lumbrica'les, 4, of 
Tendons of flexor pro- 
dons of extensor 
longus. 
Tendons of extensor 
Median and ulnar. 
Aid in flexion and 
hand. 
Masse'ter. 
fundus. 
Zygomatic arch and 
communis. 
Angle and ramus of 
Inferior maxillary. 
extension. 
Mastication. 
Merkel's. 
Midriff. 
Muller's. 
Multif idus. 
Multif'idus spi'nae. 
malar process of 
upper maxilla. 
See Keratocricoid. 
See Diaphragm. 
See Ciliary. 
Same as Multifidus 
spina:. 
Sacrum, posterior su- 
lower jaw. 
Laminae and spinous 
Posterior branches of 
Rotates and supports 
Mylohy'oid. 
perior iliac spine, 
articular processes of 
lumbar and cervical 
and transverse proc- 
esses of dorsal verte- 
brae. 
Mylohyoid ridge of 
processes of verte- 
brae. 
Hyoid bone and me- 
spinal nerves. 
Mylohyoid branch of 
spinal column. 
Raises and advances 
Nasolabia'lis. 
lower jaw-bone. 
Septum of nose. 
dian raphe. 
Upper lip. 
inferior dental. 
Buccal branch of 
hyoid; forms floor 
of mouth; aids in 
depressing jaw. 
Raises lip. 
Obli'quus au'ris. 
Cranial surface of con- 
Cranial surface of 
facial. 
Posterior annular and 
Obli'quus cap'itis in- 
cha. 
Spinous process of the 
pinna above con- 
cha. 
Transverse process of 
temporal. 
Suboccipital and oc- 
Rotates atlas and 
fe'rior. 
axis. 
atlas. 
cipitalis major. 
head. 
Obli'quus cap'itis su- 
perior. 
Obli'quus exter'nus. 
Transverse process of 
Occipital bone below 
Suboccipital. 
Draws head back 
atlas. 
Eight lowest ribs. 
superior curved line. 
Crest of ilium, Pou- 
Iliohypogastric and 
and rotates it. 
Compresses viscera, 
Obli'quus infe'rior. 
Orbital plate of upper 
part's and Gimber- 
nat's ligaments, li- 
nea alba, crest of 
pubes. 
Sclera. 
intercostal. 
Oculomotor. 
flexes thorax, aids 
in expulsive acts. 
Abducts and raises 
Obli'quus inter'nus. 
jaw-bone. 
Crest of ilium, Pou- 
Six lowest ribs, linea 
Intercostal, ilio-ingui- 
eyeball, and rotates 
it upward and out- 
ward. 
Compresses a b d 0 - 
Obli'quus supe'rior. 
part's ligament, and 
lumbar fascia. 
Lesser wing of sphe- 
alba, crest of pubes. 
Sclera. 
nal, and iliohypo- 
gastric. 
Trochlear. 
men, flexes thorax, 
and aids in expira- 
tion. 
Abducts and depress- 
Obtura'tor exter'nus. 
noid above optic 
foramen. 
Rim of obturator fora- 
Digital fossa at base 
Obturator. 
es eye, and rotates 
it downward and 
inward. 
Rotates thigh out- 
Obtura'tor inter'nus. 
men and membrane. 
Obturator foramen, 
of great trochanter. 
Inner surface of great 
Sacral. 
ward. 
Rotates and abducts 
Occipita'lis. 
pubes, ischium, etc. 
Occipital portion of 
occipitofrontalis. 
trochanter. 
thigh. MUSCLES 
703 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.- Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Occipitofronta'lis. 
Occipitoscap'ular. 
Mastoid process and 
superior oblique line 
of occiput ; angular 
process of frontal. 
Occipital bone near 
splenius capitis mus- 
cle. 
Occipitofrontal apon- 
eurosis. 
Dorsal border of 
scapula at base of 
spine. 
Posterior auricular, 
minor occipital, 
facial. 
Moves scalp; wrink- 
les and raises eye- 
brows. 
Omohy'oid. 
Oppo'nens dig'iti 
quin'ti. 
Superior border of 
scapula. 
Same as Opponens 
minimi digiti. 
Hyoid bone. 
Loop between de- 
scendens and com- 
municans noni. 
Retracts and depress- 
es hyoid; contracts 
cervical fascia. 
Oppo'nens min' imi 
dig'iti. 
Oppo'nens m i n' i m i 
dig'iti pe'dis. 
Unciform bone; annu- 
lar ligament. 
See Flexor brevis min- 
imi digiti pedis. 
Fifth metacarpal 
bone. 
Ulnar. 
Flexes fifth metacar- 
pal. 
Oppo'nens pol'licis. 
Orbicula'ris cilia'ris. 
Orbicula'ris la'tus. 
Orbicula'ris oc'uli. 
Ridge of trapezium; 
annular ligament. 
Palpebral portion of 
orbicularis palpebra- 
rum. 
Orbital portion of orbi- 
cularis palpebrarum. 
Same as Orbicularis 
palpebrarum. 
Metacarpal bone of 
thumb. 
Palmar division of 
median. 
Flexes and adducts 
thumb. 
Orbicula'ris o'ris. 
Nasal septum, canine 
fossa of lower Jaw. 
Angle of mouth. 
Buccal and supra- 
maxillary branches 
of facial. 
Closes mouth; wrink- 
les lips. 
Orbicula'ris palpe- 
bra'rum. 
Internal palpebral liga- 
ment ; mesial margin 
of orbit. 
External palpebral 
ligament; lateral 
margin of orbit. 
Facial. 
Closes eye. 
Or'bital. 
Orbitopal'pebral. 
Orbital periosteum. 
See Palpebral, supe- 
Fascia of interorbital 
fissure. 
rior. 
Sympathetic. 
Protrudes eye. 
Palatoglos'sus. 
Anterior surface of soft 
palate. 
Dorsum and side of 
tongue. 
Palatine branches of 
sphenopala tine 
ganglion. 
Constricts fauces; 
raises back of 
tongue. 
Palatopharyn'geus. 
Soft palate by two 
fasciculi. 
Thyroid cartilage; 
median raphe of 
pharynx. 
Palatine branches of 
sphenopala tine 
ganglion. 
Closes posterior nares 
and faucial orifice. 
Palma'ris bre'vis. 
Annular ligament and 
palmar fascia. 
Skin or fascia of palm. 
Ulnar. 
Corrugates skin of 
hypothenar emi- 
nence. 
Palma'ris lon'gus. 
Inner condyle of hu- 
merus. 
Palmar fascia. 
Median. 
Stretches palmar fas- 
cia ; flexes wrist and 
forearm. 
Palpe'bral, superior. 
Levator palpebrae su- 
perioris. 
Upper border of tar- 
sus. 
Sympathetic. 
Raises upper eyelid. 
Pectine'us. 
Iliopectineal line; 
spine of pubes. 
Linea aspera below 
lesser trochanter. 
Anterior crural. 
Flexes, adducts, and 
rotates outward 
thigh. 
Pectora'lis ma'jor. 
Sternum, clavicle, cos- 
tal cartilages, etc. 
Anterior bicipital 
ridge of humerus. 
Anterior thoracic. 
Draws arm downward 
and forward ; aids to 
expand chest. 
Pectora'lis min'imus. 
Sternum and cartilage 
of first rib. 
Coracoid process 'of 
scapula. 
Anterior thoracic. 
Depresses point of 
shoulder. 
Pectora'lis mi'nor. 
Peripe'nial. 
Third, fourth, and fifth 
ribs, and aponeuro- 
sis. 
A sheet of unstriped 
muscular tissue form- 
ing the frenum of the 
penis, and surround- 
ing a part of that or- 
gan. 
Coracoid process of 
scapula. 
Anterior thoracic. 
Sympathetic. 
Depresses point of 
shoulder; lowers 
scapula. 
Perone'us accesso'- 
rius. 
Fibula between pero- 
nei longus and bre- 
vis. 
Metatarsal bone of 
great toe. 
Musculocutaneous. 
Extends, everts, and 
abducts foot. 
Perone'us bre'vis. 
Middle of shaft of 
fibula; intermuscular 
septum. 
Base of fifth meta- 
tarsal bone. 
Musculocutaneous. 
Extends and abducts 
foot. 
Perone'us lon'gus. 
Head and shaft of 
fibula; intermuscular 
septum. 
Metatarsal bone of 
great toe. 
Musculocutaneous. 
Extends, abducts, and 
everts foot. 
Perone'us ter'tius. 
1 Pharyngopalati'nus. 
Lower part of fibula; 
intermuscular sep- 
tum. 
Same as Palatophar- 
yngeus. 
Fifth metatarsal bone. 
Anterior tibial. 
Flexes and everts 
foot. 
• MUSCLES 
704 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Phillips's. 
Pirifor'mis. 
Planta'ris. 
Platys'ma myoi'dei. 
Poplite'us. 
Prerec'talis. 
Prester'nal. 
Proce'rus. 
Prona'tor pe'dis. 
Prona'tor quadra'tus. 
Prona'tor ra'dii te'res. 
Prona'tor te'res. 
Pso'as ili'acus. 
Pso'as mag'nus. 
Pso'as par'vus. 
Pter'ygoid (e x t e r - 
nal). 
Pter'ygoid (internal). 
PterygoKdeus pro'- 
prius {anomalous). 
Pyramida'lis. 
Pyramida'lis na'si. 
Pyrifor'mis. 
Quadra'tus fem'oris. 
Quadra'tus la'bii in- 
ferio'ris. 
Quadra'tus lumbo'- 
rum. 
Quadra'tus men'ti. 
Quad'riceps exten'sor 
fem'oris. 
Quadrigem'inus cap'- 
itis. 
External superior tu- 
berosity of radius; 
external lateral liga- 
ment of ulnar articu- 
lation. 
Same as Pyriformis. 
Femur at outer bifur- 
cation of linea aspe- 
ra; posterior liga- 
ment of knee. 
Clavicle, acromion, 
and fascia over del- 
toid, trapezius, etc. 
Outer condyle of femur; 
posterior ligament 
of knee. 
Rectovesical prolonga- 
tion. 
See Sternalis. 
Same as Pyramidalis 
nasi. 
See Flexor accessorius 
I on gu s digitorum 
pedis. 
Lower fourth and an- 
terior border of ulna. 
Inner condyle of hu- 
merus ; coronoid pro- 
cess of ulna. 
Same as Pronator ra- 
dii teres. 
The psoas magnus and 
iliacus together. 
Last dorsal and all 
lumbar vertebrae. 
Last dorsal and first 
lumbar vertebrae. 
External pterygoid 
plate ; great wing of 
sphenoid, etc. 
Pterygoid plate of 
sphenoid bone, etc. 
Crest on great wing of 
sphenoid. 
Pubes; anterior pubic 
ligament. 
Occipitofrontalis mus- 
cle. 
Great sacrosciatic liga- 
ment ; front of sa- 
crum. 
Tuberosity of ischium. 
Same as Depressor la- 
bii inferioris. 
Crest of ilium, trans- 
verse processes of 
third, fourth, and fifth 
lumbar vertebrae. 
See Depressor labii 
The rectus femoris, 
vastus internus and 
externus, and cru- 
reus muscles to- 
gether. Their com- 
mon tendon sur- 
rounds patella, and 
ends on tuberosity 
of tibia. 
See Sternocleidomas- 
toid. 
Proximal parts of 
phalanges. 
Os calcis by tendo 
Achillis. 
Lower jaw-bone, mus- 
cles of cheek, angle 
of mouth. 
Above oblique line of 
tibia. 
Prolongation of recto- 
vesical fascia into 
perineum. 
Lower quarter shaft of 
radius. 
Outer side of shaft of 
radius. 
Small trochanter. 
Iliac fascia. 
Condyle of lower jaw. 
Innei surface of ramus 
and angle of lower 
jaw. 
Posterior border of 
external pterygoid 
plate, occasionally 
the tuberosity of 
superior maxilla. 
Linea alba. 
Compressor nasi. 
Great trochanter. 
Quadrate line near 
great trochanter. 
Twelfth rib, transverse 
processes of third, 
fourth, and fifth 
lumbar vertebrze. 
inferioris. 
Ulnar. 
Internal popliteal. 
Facial and cervical 
plexus. 
Internal popliteal. 
Anterior interosseous. 
Median. 
Second and third lum- 
bar. 
Lumbar. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Iliohypogastric. 
Infra-orbital branch 
of facial nerve. 
Sacral branch. 
Sacral plexus. 
Lumbar and twelfth 
thoracic. 
Extends foot; flexes 
leg. 
Wrinkles skin; de- 
presses mouth and 
lower lip. 
Flexes leg; rotates 
flexed leg inward. 
Sympathetic. 
Pronates and rotates 
hand. 
Pronates hand. 
Flexes and rotates 
thigh outward; flex- 
es trunk on pelvis; 
abducts and flexes 
lumbar spine. 
Flexes pelvis on ab- 
domen ; tightens 
iliac fascia. 
Draws lower jaw for- 
ward. 
Raises and draws for- 
ward lower jaw. 
Tightens linea alba; 
aids in inspiration. 
Depresses inner angle 
of eyebrow. 
Outward rotator and 
abductor of thigh. 
Outward rotator of 
thigh. 
Flexes chest laterally 
and forward; aids 
in forced expiration. MUSCLES 
705 
MUSCLES 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Radiocar'pus. 
Rec'tus abdom'inis. 
Rec'tus cap'itis ante'- 
rior. 
Rec'tus cap'itis anti'- 
cus ma'jor. 
Rac'tus cap'itis anti'- 
cus mi'nor. 
Rec'tus cap'itis lat- 
era'lis. 
Rec'tus cap'itis pos- 
ti'cus ma'jor. 
Rec'tus cap'itis pos- 
ti'cus mi'nor. 
Rec'tus exter'nus. 
Rec'tus fem'oris. 
Rec'tus infe'rior. 
Rec'tus inter'nus. 
Rec'tus sterna'lis. 
Rec'tus supe'rior. 
Rec'tus thora'cis. 
Retracto'res u'teri. 
Ret'rahens au'rem. 
Rh o mb o-a t'l o id 
(anomalous). 
Rhomboi'deus ma'jor. 
Rbomboi'deus mi'nor. 
Rhombo-occip'ital. 
Riolan's. 
Riso'rius. 
i 
Rotato'res spi'nze. 
Ruysch's. 
Sacrococcyg'eus pos- 
ti'cus. 
Sacrolumba'lis. 
Sacrospina'lis. 
Salpingopharyn'geus. 
Santorini's. 
Sarto'rius. 
Scale'nus ante'rior. 
Scale'nus anti'cus. 
See Flexor carpi ra- 
dialis. 
Crest of pubes and liga- 
mentous tissues at 
symphysis. 
Same as Rectus capitis 
anticus minor. 
Transverse processes 
of third, fourth, fifth, 
and sixth cervical 
vertebrae. 
Lateral mass of atlas. 
Transverse process and 
lateral mass of atlas. 
Spinous process of axis. 
Tubercle on dorsal 
arch of atlas. 
Outer margin of optic 
foramen; margin of 
sphenoidal fissure. 
Anterior inferior iliac 
spine; brim of acetab- 
ulum. 
Circumference of optic 
foramen. 
Circumference of optic 
foramen. 
Sheath of rectus ab- 
dominis. 
Upper border of optic 
foramen. 
See Supracostalis. 
The sacro-uterine liga- 
ments. 
Mastoid bone. 
Sixth and seventh cer- 
vical and first tho- 
racic spinous proc- 
esses. 
Spinous processes of 
first five thoracic ver- 
tebrae. 
Ligamentum nuchae; 
spines of seventh cer- 
vical and first tho- 
racic vertebrae. 
See Occipitoscapular. 
The ciliary part of the 
Fascia over masseter. 
Transverse processes 
of second to twelfth 
dorsal vertebrae. 
The muscular tissue of 
the fundus uteri. 
See Extensor coccygis. 
Spinous processes from 
tenth dorsal to lowest 
sacral, etc. 
Same as Erector 
spina. 
Eustachian tube near 
nasopharynx. 
See Risorius. 
Anterior superior spin- 
ous process of ilium 
and notch below. 
Same as Scalenus an- 
ticus. 
Upper surface and in- 
ner edge of first rib. 
Cartilages of fifth, 
sixth, and seventh 
ribs. 
Basilar process of oc- 
cipital bone. 
Basilar process of oc- 
cipital bone. 
Jugular process of oc- 
cipital bone. 
Below inferior curved 
line of occipital 
bone. 
Under inferior curved 
line of occipital. 
Outer side of sclera. 
Proximal border of 
patella. 
Under side of sclera. 
Inner side of sclera. 
Fascia over origin of 
sternomastoid or 
into aponeurosis of 
. pectoralis major. 
Upper aspect of 
sclera. 
Cranial surface of 
concha. 
Transverse process of 
atlas. 
Inner border of scap- 
ula below spine. 
Scapula. 
orbicularis palpe- 
Angle of mouth. 
Lamina of vertebra 
next above. 
V 
Angles of six lower 
ribs, cervicalis as- 
cendens, etc. 
Posterior part of pala- 
topharyngeus. 
Upper part of inner 
side of shaft of tibia. 
Transverse processes 
of third to sixth cer- 
vical vertebrae. 
Lower intercostal, 
ilio-inguinal, ilio- 
hypogastric. 
First and second cer- 
vical. 
First and second cer- 
vical. 
First and second cer- 
vical. 
Suboccipital and oc- 
cipitalis major. 
Suboccipital and oc- 
cipitalis major. 
Abducens. 
Anterior crural. 
Oculomotor, 
Oculomotor. 
Oculomotor. 
Posterior auricular. 
Fifth cervical. 
Fifth cervical. 
brarum. 
Buccal branch of 
facial. 
Branches of dorsal 
nerves. 
Branches of dorsal 
and lumbar. 
Internal branch of 
spinal accessory. 
Anterior crural. ,, 
Lower cer vical bra- 
chial plexus. 
Compresses abdomen 
and flexes body. | 
Flexes head and 
slightly rotates it; 
aids in supporting 
head. 
Flexes and aids in 
supporting head. । 
Flexes head laterally 
and supports it. 
Rotates head, and 
draws it back. 
Draws head back- 
ward and rotates it. 
Abducts eyeball. 
Extends leg. 
Adducts and rotates 
eye downward and 
outward. 
Adducts eye. 
Adducts and elevates 
eye. 
Retracts pinna; di- 
lates canal. 
Retracts and elevates 
scapula. 
Elevates and retracts 
scapula. 
Draws angle of mouth 
out; compresses 
cheek. 
Rotate spinal column 
and head. 
Erects spine, bends 
trunk backward, 
etc. 
Raises nasopharynx. 
Flexes hip and knee; ; 
rotates leg in and 
hip out. 
Flexes neck sidewise; , 
supports head, etc. | 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.- Continued. MUSCLES 
706 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Scale'nus me'dius. 
Scale'nus min'imus 
(anomalous). 
1 Scale'nus poste'rior. 
Upper surface of first 
rib. 
Transverse processes 
of lower cervical ver- 
tebrse. 
Same as Scalenus pos- 
ticus. 
Transverse processes 
of second to sixth 
cervical vertebrae. 
First rib, behind sub- 
clavian artery. 
Cervical and brachial 
plexus. 
Flexes neck laterally. 
Scale'nus posti'cus. 
Scanso'rius. 
Outer surface of second 
rib. 
See Accessorius glute 
Transverse processes 
of two or three lower 
cervical vertebrae. 
us minimus. 
Lower cervical, bra- 
chial plexus. 
Bends neck laterally. 
Semimembrano'sus. 
Semispina'lis cap'itis. 
Semispina'lis cervi'- 
| cis. 
Tuberosity of ischium; 
intermuscular sep- 
tum. 
See Complexus. 
Same as Semispinalis 
colli. 
Inner tuberosity of 
tibia; short internal 
ligament of knee; 
external condyle of 
femur. 
Great sciatic. 
Flexes leg and rotates 
it inward. 
Semispina'lis col'li. 
Transverse processes 
of four upper dorsal 
and articular proc- 
esses of four lower 
cervical vertebrae. 
Spinous processes of 
second to fifth cer- 
vical vertebrae. 
Branches of cervical 
nerves. 
Supports spinal 
column. 
Semispina'lis dor'si. 
Transverse processes 
of fifth to eleventh 
dorsal vertebrae. 
Spinous processes of 
last two cervical 
and first four thora- 
cic vertebrae. 
Branches of dorsal. 
Erects spinal column. 
Semitendino'sus. 
Serra'tus ante'rior. 
Tuberosity of ischium; 
intermuscular sep- 
tum. 
Same as Serratus 
magnus. 
Upper and inner sur- 
face of tibia; fascia 
of leg. 
Great sciatic. 
Flexes leg on thigh; 
extends hip, etc. 
Serra'tus mag'nus. 
Eight upper ribs; in- 
tercostal fascia. 
Angles and dorsal 
border of scapula. 
Posterior thoracic. 
Raises ribs in inspira- 
tion ; rotates scapu- 
la, etc. 
Serra'tus posti'cus in- 
Spines of two thoracic 
Lower border of four 
Tenth and eleventh 
Lowers ribs in expira- 
fe'rior. 
and three lumbar ver- 
tebrae. 
lower ribs. 
intercostal nerves. 
tion. 
Serra'tus posti'cus su- 
Spines of seventh cer- 
Upper borders of 
Second and third in- 
Lifts ribs in inspira- 
pe'rior. 
vical and two or three 
dorsal vertebrae. 
second, third, 
f o u r t h , and fifth 
ribs. 
tercostals. 
tion. 
So'leus. 
S p he'nosalpin'gosta- 
phyli'nus. 
Shaft of fibula, ob- 
lique line and inner 
border of tibia. 
See Circumplexus pal- 
ati. 
Calcaneum by tendo 
Achillis. 
Internal popliteal and 
posterior tibial. 
Extends foot; rotates 
it in, etc. 
Sphinc'ter a'ni, exter- 
nal. 
Sphinc'ter a'ni, inter- 
nal. 
Tip of coccyx and fas- 
cia near it. 
Circular unstriated 
fibers of intestine one 
inch above anus. 
Tendinous center of 
perineum. 
Perineal, pudic, and 
fourth sacral. 
Hemorrhoidal nerves. 
Closes anus. 
Closes anus; not vol- 
untary. 
Sphinc'ter ir'idis. 
Sphinc'ter ure'thrae 
membrana'cese. 
Surrounds pupillary 
margin of iris. 
Same as Compressor 
urethra. 
Oculomotor. 
Contracts pupil. 
Sphinc'ter vagi'n®. 
Central tendon of peri- 
neum. 
Corpora cavernosa of 
clitoris. 
Perineal branch of 
internal pudic. 
Constricts vagina; 
erects clitoris. 
Sphinc'ter vesi'cae. 
Spina'lis cervi'cis. 
Near urethral orifice 
of bladder. 
Same as Spinalis colli. 
Vesical nerves. 
Closes internal orifice 
of urethra. 
Spina'lis col'li. 
Spinous processes of 
fifth, sixth, and 
seventh cervical and 
first two dorsal ver- 
tebrae. 
Spinous processes of 
axis, and sometimes 
of third and fourth 
cervical vertebrae. 
Branches of cervical 
nerves. 
Steadies and erects 
neck. 
Spina'lis dor'si. 
Sple'nius accesso'rius. 
Spinous processes of 
first two lumbar and 
last two thoracic. 
See Rhombo-atloid. 
Remaining dorsal 
spinous processes. 
Branches of dorsal 
nerves. 
Supports spinal 
column. 
Sple'nius cap'itis. 
Sple'nius cervi'cis. 
Lower half of ligainen- 
tum nuchae, spines 
of seventh cervical 
and first three dorsal 
vertebrae. 
Same as Splenius colli. 
Mastoid process and 
outer third of mid- 
dle oblique line of 
occiput. 
External posterior 
branch of second 
cervical. 
Rotates and extends 
head and neck and 
flexes sidewise. MUSCLES 
707 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
N ER VH-SUPPLY. 
Action. 
Sple'nius col'li. 
Spinous processes of 
third or sixth dorsal 
vertebrae. 
Transverse processes 
of upper three or 
four cervical ver- 
tebrae. 
1 Posterior branches of 
1 lower cervical. 
Extends, flexes side- 
wise, and rotates 
neck and head. 
Stape'dius. 
Sterna'lis. 
Interior of pyramid of 
tympanum. 
See Rectus sternalis. 
Neck of stapes. 
Tympanic branch of 
facial. 
Retracts stapes. 
I Sternocleidomas'toid. 
Sternofacia'lis {anom- 
alous). 
Two heads, sternum 
and clavicle. 
Upper piece of ster- 
num, behind sterno- 
mastoid. 
Mastoid process and 
outer portion of su- 
perior oblique line 
of occipital bone. 
Fascia of subclavian 
triangle. 
Spinal accessory and 
cervical plexus. 
Depresses and rotates 
head; flexes head 
and neck, etc. 
Sternohy'oid. 
Manubrium sterni and 
clavicle. 
Body of hyoid bone. 
Loop ofdescendens 
and communicans 
noni. 
Depresses the hyoid 
and larynx. 
Sternothy'roid. 
Stylo-auricula'ris. 
Sternum and cartilage 
of first rib. 
The styloglossus, when 
it arises from exter- 
nal auditory meatus. 
Ala of thyroid car- 
tilage. 
Descendens and com- 
municans hypoglos- 
si. 
Depresses the larynx. 
Styloglos'sus. 
Styloid process and 
stylomaxillary liga- 
ment. 
Side of tongue. 
Hypoglossal. 
Raises and retracts 
tongue. 
Stylohy'oid. 
Styloid process of tem- 
poral bone. 
Body of hyoid bone. 
Facial. 
Draws hyoid and 
tongue upward and 
backward. 
Stylopharyn'geus. 
Styloid process of tem- 
poral bone. 
Side of pharynx. 
Pharyngeal plexus; 
glossopharyngeal. 
Raises and dilates 
pharynx. 
Subancone'us. 
Triceps muscle and 
humerus above olec- 
ranon fossa. 
Posterior ligament of 
elbow. 
Musculospiral. 
Tensor of posterior 
ligament of elbow. 
Subcla'vius. 
Subcos'tals. 
First rib and its carti- 
lage. 
See Infracostales. 
Lower surface of clav- 
icle. 
Fifth and sixth cervi- 
cal. 
Draws clavicle down 
and forward. 
Subcrure'us. 
Anterior surface of 
lower part of femur. 
Synovial capsule of 
knee. 
Anterior crural. 
Lifts capsule. 
Subscapula'ris. 
Supina'tor. 
Subscapular f o s s a of 
scapula. 
Same as Supinator 
radii brevis. 
Lesser tuberosity and 
neck of humerus. 
Subscapular. 
Rotates head of hu- 
merus inward; 
lowers the humerus. 
Supina'tor lon'gus. 
External condyloid 
ridge of humerus; 
intermuscular sep- 
tum. 
Styloid process of ra- 
dius. 
Musculospiral. 
Supinates hand; flex- 
es forearm. 
Supina'tor ra'dii bre'- 
vis. 
Supracos'talis. 
Outer condyle of hu- 
merus, ligaments of 
elbow, oblique line 
of ulna. 
First rib. 
Neck of radius, space 
outside bicipital tu- 
berosity, and ob- 
lique line of radius. 
Fourth rib. 
Posterior intercs- 
seous. 
Supinates hand. 
Supraspina'les. 
Summits of spinous 
processes in cervical 
region. 
To other like sum- 
mits. 
Branches of cervicals. 
Aid in supporting 
neck and head. 
Supraspina'tus. 
Supraspinous fossa and 
fascia. 
Greater tuberosity of 
humerus. 
Suprascapular. 
Supports shoulder- 
joint, raises and 
adducts arm. 
Tern'poral. 
Temporal fossa and 
fascia on side of 
head. 
Coronoid process of 
lower jaw. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Shuts mouth , retracts 
jaw. 
Ten'sor pala'ti. 
Scaphoid fossa, spine 
of sphenoid, vaginal 
process of temporal. 
About hamular proc- 
ess into palatine 
aponeurosis and 
palate bone. 
Otic ganglion. 
Renders soft palate 
tense. 
Ten'sor tar'si. 
Crest of lacrimal bone. 
Tarsal plates. 
Infra-orbital branch 
of facial. 
Compresses puncta 
lacrimalia and lac- 
rimal sac. 
Ten'sor tym'pani. 
Petrous bone, Eusta- 
chian tube and canal. 
Handle of malleus. 
Otic ganglion. 
Makes tense the mem- 
brana tympani. 
Ten'sor vagi'nae fem'- 
oris. 
Ten'sor ye'll palati'ni. 
Crest and anterior su- 
perior spinous proc- 
ess of ilium. 
Same as Tensor pala- 
ti. 
Fascia lata. 
Superior gluteal. 
Makes tense the fas- 
cia lata. 
Te'res ma'jor. 
Dorsum of inferior an- 
gle of scapula; in- 
termuscular septa. 
Posterior bicipital 
ridge of humerus. 
Subscapular. 
Draws arm down and 
backward; rotates 
it inward. MUSCLES 
708 
MUSCLES 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
Te'res mi'nor. 
Axillary border of scap- 
ula ; intermuscular 
septa. 
Greater tuberosity of 
humerus and below 
it. 
Circumflex. 
Rotates humerus out- 
ward and abducts 
it. 
Thyro-arytsenoi'deus. 
Thyroid cartilage and 
cricothyroid mem- 
brane. 
Arytenoid cartilage. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Relaxes and shortens 
vocal cords. 
Thyro-epiglottid'eus. 
Thyroid cartilage. 
Sacculus laryngis and 
aryteno - epiglottid- 
ean folds. 
Recurrent laryngeal. 
Depresses epiglottis; 
compresses saccu- 
lus. 
Thyrohy'oid. 
Tibia'lis ante'rior. 
Oblique line on side of 
thyroid cartilage. 
Same as Tibialis an- 
ticus. 
Greater horn and body 
of hyoid bone. 
Hypoglossal. 
Raises and changes 
form of larynx. 
Tibia'lis anti'cus. 
! Tibia'lis poste'rior. 
Outer tuberosity and 
upper part of shaft 
of tibia, interosseous 
membrane, fascia 
and intermuscular 
septum. 
Same as Tibialis pos- 
ticus. 
Internal cuneiform 
and metatarsal bone 
of great toe. 
Anterior tibial. 
Flexes tarsus and ele- 
vates inner border 
of foot. 
, Tibia'lis posti'cus. 
Tibio-accesso'rius. 
Shaft of tibia and fibu- 
la, interosseous mem- 
brane, intermuscular 
septum. 
See Flexor accessorius 
Tuberosity of s c a - 
phoid, internal cu- 
neiform, and bases 
of second to fourth 
metatarsal. 
longus digitorum 
Posterior tibial. 
pedis. 
Extends tarsus and 
turns in the foot. 
Trachea'lis. 
A transverse layer of 
unstriped fibers in 
the dorsal portion of 
the trachea. 
Sympathetic. 
Lessens caliber of 
trachea. 
Trachelomas'toid. 
. Tra'gicus. 
Transverse processes 
of third to sixth dor- 
sal, and articular pro- 
cesses of three or 
four lowest cervical 
vertebrae. 
Outer surface of tragus. 
Posterior margin of 
mastoid process. 
Outer surface of 
tragus. 
Exterior posterior 
branches of cervi- 
cal. 
Temporal and pos- 
terior auricular. 
Supports head and 
draws it back or 
to one side. 
' Transversa'lis ab- 
Poupart's ligament, 
Linea alba, crest of 
Intercostal, iliohypo- 
Compresses the vis- 
; dom'inis. 
crest of ilium, six 
lower ribs, lumbar 
vertebrae. 
pubes, pectineal 
line. 
gastric, ilio-ingui- 
nal. 
cera and flexes the 
thorax. 
; Transversa'lis col'li. 
Transverse processes 
of third to sixth dor- 
sal vertebrae. 
Transverse processes 
of five lowest cer- 
vical vertebrae. 
Cervical nerves. 
Supports neck. 
; Transver'sus au'ris. 
Cranial surface of con- 
cha. 
Circumference of pin- 
na. 
Auricularis magnus 
and posterior au- 
ricular. 
Retracts helix. 
i Transver'sus pe'dis. 
Inferior tarsal, meta- 
tarsal, and transverse 
metatarsal ligaments. 
Base of first phalanx 
of great toe. 
External plantar. 
Adducts great toe. 
i Transver'sus perine'i. 
; Transver'sus perine'i, 
1 deep. 
Transver'sus thora'- 
: . cis. 
Tuberosity of ischium. 
See Compressor ure- 
thra. 
(Same as Triangularis 
sterni. 
Central tendon or 
sphincter vaginae. 
Perineal branch of 
pudic. 
Tensor of central ten- 
don. 
Trape'zius. 
1 
Triangula'ris men'ti. 
' Superior curved line of 
, occipital bone, liga- 
mbhtum nuchae, 
spinous processes of 
last cervical, and all 
thoracic vertebrae. 
See Depressor anguli 
oris. 
Clavicle, spine of 
scapula, and acro- 
mion. 
Spinal accessory and 
cervical plexus. 
Draws head back- 
ward or sidewise; 
rotates scapula, etc. 
Triangula'ris ster'ni. 
Cartilages of fifth, sixth, 
and seventh ribs, and 
sternum. 
Inner surfaces sec- 
ond, third, fourth, 
and fifth costal car- 
tilages. 
Intercostal nerves. 
Forced expiration. 
Tri'ceps exten'sor 
cu'biti (5 heads'). 
Triticeoglos'sus (an- 
omalous). 
External head above 
and internal head 
below musculospiral 
groove, shaft of hu- 
merus ; middle or 
long head, lower 
margin of glenoid 
cavity. 
Cartilago triticea in 
thyrohyoid ligament. 
Tuberosity of olecra- 
non process of 
ulna. 
Side of tongue. 
Musculospiral. 
Extends arm and 
forearm. MUSCULAMIN 
709 
MUSOMANIA 
Muscle. 
Origin. 
T 
Insertion. 
Nerve-supply. 
Action. 
U'vulse. 
Vas'tus exter'nus. 
Same as Azygos uvula. 
Tubercle of femur. 
Common tendon of 
Anterior crural. 
Extends knee. 
Vas'tus interme'dius. 
Vas'tus inter'nus. 
great trochanter, and 
linea aspera. 
Same as Crureus. 
Spiral line and inner 
quadriceps. 
Common tendon of 
Anterior crural. 
Extends leg, draws 
Vas'tus latera'lis. 
Vas'tus tnedia'lis. 
Vesicopu'bic. 
lip of linea aspera of 
femur. 
Same as Vastus ex- 
ternus. 
Same as Vastus in- 
ternus. 
Pubic bones near sym- 
quadriceps. 
External layer of Ion- 
Sympathetic. 
patella inward. 
Compresses bladder. 
Voca'lis. 
Wilson's. 
Zygomat'icus ma'jor. 
physis. 
Same as Thyro-ary- 
tanoideus. 
A part of constrictor 
urethrae, q. v. 
Malar bone before zy- 
gitudinal fibers in 
bladder. 
Angle of mouth. 
Facial. 
Draws upper lip up- 
Zygomat'icus mi'nor 
gomatic suture. 
Malar bone behind 
Orbicularis oris and 
Facial. 
ward and outward. 
Draws upper lip back- 
maxillary suture 
levator labii supe 
ri oris. 
ward, upward, and 
outward. 
A TABLE OF THE MUSCLES.-Continued. 
musculamin (mus-ku-lam'in). A base derived 
from muscular tissue. 
muscular (mus'ku-lar) [L. muscida'ris]. 1. Pertain- 
ing to a muscle. 2. Having well-developed muscles. 
muscularis (mus-ku-la'ris) [L. "muscular"]. The 
muscular coat of an organ, m. muco'sae, a 
layer of non-stria :ed muscular fibers in a mucous 
membrane. 
muscularity (mus-ku-lar'it-e). The condition or 
quality of being muscular. 
muscularize (mus'ku-lar-Tz). To change into 
muscle tissue. 
musculation (mus-ku-la'shun). 1. The muscular 
system or apparatus. 2. The muscular activity 
or work. 
musculature (mus'ku-la-tur). The muscular ap- 
paratus of the body, or of any part of it. 
musculi (mus'ku-li). Latin plural of mus'cuius, 
muscle, m. papilla'res, a name for some of the 
columns cameae of the heart ventricles, m. 
pectina'ti, the muscular columns within the 
auricles of the heart. 
musculin (mus'ku-lin). A globulin or protein 
contained in muscle tissue. It is characterized 
by its low coagulation-temperature-470 C. 
musculine (mus'ku-lin). An extract of animal 
muscle: used as a medicine. 
musculocutaneous (mus"ku-lo-ku-ta'ne-us). Per- 
taining to or supplying both muscles and skin. 
musculodermic (mus"ku-lo-der'mik). Same as 
musculocutaneous. 
musculo-elastic (mus"ku-lo-e-las'tik). Composed 
of muscular and elastic tissue. 
musculo-intestinal (mus"ku-lo-in-tes'tin-al). Per- 
taining to the muscles and the intestines. 
musculomembranous (mus"ku-lo-mem'bran-us) 
[L. mus'cuius muscle -T membra'na membrane]. 
Both muscular and membranous. 
musculophrenic (mus"ku-lo-fren'ik) [muscular + 
phrenic]. Pertaining to or supplying both the 
muscles and the diaphragm. 
musculorachidian (mus"ku-lo-ra-kid'e-an). Per- 
taining to the spinal muscles. 
musculospiral (mus"ku-lo-spi'ral) [L. mus'cuius 
muscle + spi'ra coil]. Pertaining to muscles and 
having a spiral direction: said of nerves. 
musculotegumentary (mus"ku-lo-teg-u-men'- 
tar-e). Pertaining to the muscle and the integu- 
ment. 
musculotendinous (mus"ku-lo-ten'din-us). Per- 
taining to or composed of muscle and tendon. 
musculotonic (mus"ku-lo-ton'ik). Pertaining to 
muscular contractility. 
musculus (mus'ku-lus), pl. mus'culi. Latin for 
muscle, m. accommodato'rius, the ciliary 
muscle, m. amato'rius, the obliquus superior 
of the eye. m. cilia'ris [BNA], the ciliary mus- 
cle. m. dormita'tor, the orbicularis palpe- 
brarum. m. hip'picus, the tibialis anticus. m. 
papillae op'tici, Nicolai's name for the spindle- 
cells of the optic disk, believed by him to be smooth 
muscle-fibers, m. pathet'icus, the obliquus 
superior of the eye. m. patien'tiae, the levator 
scapulae, m. religio'sus, the rectus superior of 
the eye. m. super'bus, the rectus superior of 
the eye. 
muscusan (mus'ku-san). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of zinc dibordiortho-oxybenzoate: used as a 
bactericide. 
musennin (mu'sen-in). See mussanin. 
mushbite (mush'blt). In dentistry, the taking of 
a bite in one piece of wax so as to secure an im- 
pression of both upper and lower teeth. 
mushroom (mush'room). See agaric. 
musicomania (mu"zik-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. paver lkt) 
music + pavia madness]. Insane fondness for 
music. 
musicotherapy (mu"zik-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. povcrucr) 
music + Oeparreia treatment]. The treatment of 
disease by music. 
musin (mu'sin). A proprietary laxative prepara- 
tion of tamarinds. 
musk (musk) [L. mos'chus]. A dried secretion 
from the preputial sac of the musk-deer, Mos'chus 
moschtf'erus, a mammal of central Asia. It is a 
fragrant restorative and stimulant, and is used in 
low fevers, in hysteric spasms, etc. Dose, 2-10 gr. 
(0.133-0.66 gm.); of the tincture, 15-60 min. (1- 
4 c.c.). artificial m., Baur's m., trinitrobutyl- 
toluene, C(CH3)3.C6H(NO2)3CH3: a substance 
much resembling true musk. Dose, 10 gr. (0.66 
gm.). 
musomania (mu-zo-ma'ne-ah). Same as musico- 
mania. mussanin (mus'an-in). An alkaloid from Aca'cia 
anthelmin'tica: anthelmintic. Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.2- 
0.3 gm.). 
Musset's sign (mu-saz') [Louis Charles Alfred de 
Musset, French poet, 1810-1857, who died of 
aortic insufficiency]. See under sign. 
mussitation (mus-it-a'shun) [L. mussita're to 
mutter]. The moving of the lips with no utterance 
of sounds. 
must (must) [L. mus'tum], The unfermented juice 
of grapes. 
mustard (mus'tard) [L. sina'pis]. X plant of the 
genus Bras'sica. The seeds of Bras'sica ni'gra 
(black m.) and of B. al'ba (white m.) contain 
a pungent, irritating, volatile oil, which consists 
chiefly of allyl thiocyanate, a fixed oil, the fer- 
ment myrosin, and the glucosids sinalbin (in white 
mustard) and sinigrin (in black mustard). Mus- 
tard is a counterirritant, stimulant, and revul- 
sant, and is used in internal pains and conges- 
tions, as gastric colic, abdominal pains, colic, 
neuralgia, rheumatism, headache, vomiting, and 
cerebral congestion: it is also employed as a condi- 
ment and as an emetic. Dose, as an emetic, 1-2 dr. 
(4-8 gm.); of volatile oil of black mustard, 
min. (0.008-0.0165 c.c.). 
mutacism (mu'tah-sizm). 1. The improper pro- 
nunciation of the sounds of mute letters. 2. Same 
as mytacism. 
mutant (mu'tant) [L. muta're to change]. A sport 
or variation which breeds true. 
mutarotation (mu"tah-ro-ta'shun). A change in 
the specific rotation of a solution of certain sugars 
which occurs on standing. Called also multirota- 
tion and birotation. 
mutase (mu'tas). A vegetable food-preparation 
rich in proteins. 
mutation (mu-ta'shun) [L. muta'tio, from muta're to 
change]. 1. Change; a change in form or quality. 
2. In biology, a permanent transmissible change in 
the characters of an offspring from those of its 
parents; also, an individual showing such a change; 
a sport (De Vries). See theory of mutation, under 
theory. 
mutational (mu-ta'shun-al). Pertaining to muta- 
tion (2d def.). 
mute (mut) [L. mu'tus]. 1. Unable to speak. 2. 
One who cannot speak. 
mutilation (mu-til-a'shun) [L. mutila'tio]. The 
act of depriving of a limb, member, or important 
part; deprival of an organ. 
Mutisia viciaefoTia (mu-tiz'e-ah). A composite- 
flowered plant of South America: extensively used 
there as a sedative and in various diseases of the 
heart, respiratory organs, and nervous system. 
mutism (mu'tizm). Dumbness; inability to speak. 
In psychiatry, abnormal inhibition to speech. 
mutualism (mu'tu-al-izm). The relation of mutual 
help between organisms that live in symbiosis. 
mutualist (mu'tu-al-ist). Any organism or spe- 
cies associated with another, but neither com- 
mensal nor parasitic. 
M. V. Abbreviation for Med'icus Veterina'rius, veter- 
inary physician. 
My. An abbreviation for myopia. 
my. An abbreviation for may er. 
Mya's disease (me-az') [Giuseppe My , Italian 
physician, 1857-1911], See under disease. 
myalgia (mi-al'je-ah) [Gr. /zus muscle 4- aXyos 
pain]. Pain in a muscle or muscles. 
myameba, myamceba (mi-am-e'bah). A muscle- 
cell. 
myasis (mi-a'sis). Same as myiasis. 
myasthenia (mi-as-the'ne-ah, mi"as-the-ni'ah) [Gr. 
/zus muscle 4- acrOeveia. weakness]. Muscular 
debility, angiosclerotic m., excessive muscular 
fatigue due to vascular changes, m. gas'trica, 
weakness and loss of tone in the muscular coats of 
MUSSANIN 
710 
the stomach; atony of the stomach, m. gra'vis 
pseudoparalyt'ica, a disease marked by ex- 
cessive tiring of the voluntary muscles, shown in 
rapid decrease of contractility (Willis, 1685; Erb, 
1878; Goldflam, 1893). 
myasthenic (mi-as-then'ik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by muscular weakness. 
myatonia (mi-ah-to'ne-ah) [Gr. /zus muscle 4* a 
neg. + tovos tone]. Deficiency or absence of mus- 
cular tone. m. congen'ita (Oppenheim, 1900), 
a disease of early childhood, marked by general 
hypotonia of the muscles. It is congenital, but 
not hereditary. Called also amyotonia congenita, 
Oppenheim's disease, and congenital atonic pseudo- 
paralysis. 
myatony (mi-at'o-ne). Same as myatonia. 
myautonomy (mi-aw-ton'o-me) [Gr. mCs muscle -f- 
avrbs self 4- vb^os law]. A condition in which 
muscular contraction aroused by stimulation is so 
long delayed that it appears to occur independently 
of the stimulation. 
mycelian (mi-se'le-an). Pertaining to mycelium. 
mycelioid (mi-se'le-oid). Having the radiate fila- 
mentous appearance of mold colonies. 
mycelium (mi-se'le-um) [Gr. ^vK-qs fungus + qXos 
nail]. The vegetative body of a fungus composed 
of a mass of filaments called hyphce. 
mycethemia (mi-seth-e'me-ah) [Gr. nvK-qs fungus 
4- alua blood]. The presence of fungi in the blood, 
mycetism, mycetismus (mi'set-izm, mi-set-iz'- 
mus) [Gr. hvkt)s fungus]. Mushroom-poisoning. 
mycetogenic, mycetogenous (mi"set-o-jen'ik, 
mi-set-oj'en-us) [Gr. p.wris fungus + yevvav to pro- 
duce]. Caused by fungous growths. 
mycetoma (mi-se-to'mah) [Gr. hvkt/s fungus 4- -w/za 
tumor]. A tumor caused by a fungus, especially 
fyngus-foot or Madura foot, a disease endemic in 
India, and marked by increased swelling of the 
foot, in which nodules and vesicles develop. The 
parts become filled with sinuses, which discharge 
pus and penetrate into the bone. The pus con- 
tains granules, red, black, or yellow in color, which 
are masses of the fungus producing the disease. It 
is now believed to be caused by the organism, 
Actinomyces madu'rce. white m., mycetoma in 
which the granules are colorless or nearly so. 
Mycetozoa (mi-se-to-zo'ah) [Gr. pwcz/s fungus + 
animal]. A group of fungus-like organisms 
belonging to the animal kingdom. 
myclosene (mi'klo-zen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of bone-marrow used in treating deafness. 
myco-agglutinin (mi"ko-ag-lu'tin-in). An ag- 
glutin developed in the blood during mycogenic 
infections, which has the power of agglutinating the 
infecting fungi. 
Mycobacteriacese (mi"ko-bak-te-re-a'se-e). A 
systematic family under the order Actinomycetales. 
The members are parasitic, rod-shaped organisms 
which often show irregular forms and often take 
stains unevenly. The genera are: Corynebacterium, 
Fusiformis, Myobacterium, and Pfeifferella. 
Mycobacteriales (mi"ko-bak-te-re-a'les). A sys- 
tematic order under the class Schizomycetes. It 
includes the slime-molds whose cells during the 
vegetative stage are united into a pseudoplasmo- 
dium. 
Mycobacterium (mi"ko-bak-te're-um). A genus 
of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales under 
which are now placed the bacilli of tuberculosis and 
of lepra and the smegma bacillus. They are slender 
rods, Gram-positive, acid fast, and sometimes 
showing typical dichotomous branching. M. 
butyr'icum, an organism resembling M. tuber- 
culosis, which is found in milk and in butter. M. 
"grass bacillus," a non-pathogenic form of 
mycobacterium found on grass and in cow dung. 
M. lep'rse, an acid-fast organism resembling M. 
tuberculosis which is found in enormous numbers 
in cases of leprosy and is now generally accepted 
MYCOBACTERIUM MYCOCYTE 
711 
MYELAPOPLEXY 
as the cause of that disease. M. "Much's 
granules," granular forms of M. tuberculosis 
found in young cultures which are Gram-positive, 
but not acid fast. M. smeg'matis, an acid-fast 
organism found in the smegma preeputii and 
which resembles M. tuberculosis, but is not patho- 
genic. M. "timothy bacillus," an acid-fast 
form isolated from timothy grass and from hay 
lofts. It grows readily on culture-media and takes 
on a deep red or dark yellow color. M. tuber- 
culo'sis, a slender, aerobic acid-fast organism 
which causes tuberculosis in man and in many 
animals. Called also Bacillus tuberculosis and 
Koch's bacillus. Tuberculosis is common among 
domestic animals and cultures from such sources 
closely resemble the human type, but differ chiefly 
in their pathogenic ability and in minor cultural 
characteristics. Hence the following self-explana- 
tory names: M. tuberculosis avium, M. tubercu- 
losis bovium, M. tuberculosis piscium, and others. 
mycocyte (mi'ko-sit) [Gr. pvkos mucus + kvtos 
cell]. A cell of mucous tissue; a mucus-cell. 
Mycoderma (mi-ko-der'mah) [Gr. pirnqs fungus + 
beppa skin]. A genus of fungi. M. ace'ti. See 
Acetobacter. M. dermati'tis, an organism caus- 
ing a blastomycetic infection in man. M. im- 
mi'te. See Coccidioides. 
mycodermatitis (mi"ko-der-mat-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of a mucous membrane. 
mycodesmoid (mi-ko-des'moid) [Gr. pvKqs fungus 
+ beapq bundle + elbos like], A colony of Micro- 
coc'cus ascofo/mans in the cut end of the spermatic 
cord after castration in horses. 
mycofibroma (mi"ko-fi-bro'mah). Same as my- 
codesmoid. 
mycogastritis (mi"ko-gas-tri'tis) [Gr. pvKqs fun- 
gus -f- gastritis]. Inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach. 
mycohemia, mycohsemia (mi-ko-he'me-ah) [Gr. 
pvuqs fungus + alpa blood]. The presence of bac- 
teria in the blood. 
mycology (mi-kol'o-je) [Gr. pw-qs fungus + Xbyos 
discourse]. The science and study of fungi. 
mycolysine (mi-kol'is-in). A preparation of plant- 
cells, alcohol, milk ferments, and non-pathogenic 
bacteria: used to excite phagocytosis in the human 
body in the treatment of cancer and tuberculosis. 
mycomyringitis (mi"ko-mi-rin-ji'tis) [Gr. pwqs 
fungus + pbpcy^ membrane + -ins inflammation], 
Myringomycosis. 
Myconostoc (mi-ko-nos'tok). A genus of schizo- 
mycetic fungi. 
myconucleo-albumin (mi"ko-nu"kle-o-al-bu'- 
min). An offensive and defensive toxin of mi- 
crobic life. 
mycophylaxin (mi"ko-fil-aks'in) [Gr. pbuqs fungus 
+ phylaxin]. Any phylaxin that destroys mi- 
crobes. See phylaxin. 
mycoprotein (mi-ko-pro'te-in) [Gr. pbKqs fungus 
+ protein]. The albuminous matter of bacterial 
cells. When set free in the tissues it is capable of 
producing the effects of the bacteria themselves. 
mycoproteination (mi"ko-pro-te-in-a'shun). In- 
oculation with dead bacterial cells. 
mycoproteinization (mi"ko-pro-te-in-iz-a'shun). 
Mycoproteination. 
mycopus (mi'ko-pus). Mucus containing pus. 
mycorrhiza (mi-kor-i'zah) [Gr. pvKqs fungus + pl?a 
root]. A peculiar mycelial growth seen on the 
roots of certain plants, and thought to be con- 
cerned with the fixation of nitrogen. 
mycose (mi'kos) [Gr. pvKqs fungus]. Ergot-sugar 
or trehalose. See trehalose. 
mycosin (mi'ko-sin) [Gr. pvKqs fungus]. A com- 
pound thought to exist in the cell-wall of fungi. 
mycosis (mi-ko'sis) [Gr. pbuqs fungus]. Any dis- 
ease caused by a fungus, m. cu'tis chron'ica, 
a chronic skin disease caused by a fungus, m. fa- 
vo'sa. Same as favus. m. framboesioi'des, 
yaws. m. fungoi'des, a very fatal skin disease 
marked by the development upon the face, scalp, 
and chest of firm, reddish tumors that are painful 
and have a tendency to spread and ulcerate. The 
disease leads to cachexia, and usually ends fatally 
after continuing a number of years. It is probably 
due to bacterial infection. Called also granuloma 
fungoides, granuloma sarcomatodes, inflammatory 
fungoid neoplasm, eczema scrofuloderma, and ulcer- 
ative scrofuloderma, m. intestina'lis, anthrax, 
m. leptoth'rica, a disease of the tonsil and 
pharynx produced by Lep'tothrix bucca'lis. 
mycosozin (mi-ko-so'zin) [Gr. pvKqs fungus + 
sozin]. Any sozin that destroys microbes. 
mycotic (mi-kot'ik). Pertaining to a mycosis or 
caused by vegetable microorganisms. 
mycoticopeptic (mi-kot"ik-o-pep'tik). Both my- 
cotic and peptic. 
mycotoxination, mycotoxinization (mi-ko- 
toks-in-a'shun, mi-ko-tok-sin-iz-a'shun). Inocula- 
tion with bacterial products. 
mycteric (mik-ter'ik) [Gr. pvKTqp nose]. Pertain- 
ing to the nasal cavities. 
mycteroxerosis (mik"ter-o-ze-ro'sis) [Gr. pvKTqp 
nose + ^qpbs dry]. Dryness of the nostrils. 
mydalein (mi-da'le-in) [Gr. pvbaXeos putrid]. A 
poisonous ptomain from putrefied viscera. Poison- 
ing by it is attended with salivation, dilatation of 
the pupils, rise of temperature followed by a fall, 
and arrest of the heart in diastole. 
mydatoxin (mi-dat-oks'in) [Gr. pvbaew to be damp 
+ toxin]. A deadly ptomain, C6H13NO2, from 
decaying flesh; also obtained from human intes- 
tines kept for a long time at a low temperature. 
mydin (mi'din) [Gr. pvbav to be damp]. A non- 
poisonous ptomain, C9HhNO2, from viscera of 
dead bodies, and found also in cultures of the ty- 
phoid bacillus. 
mydriasis (mid-ri'as-is) [Gr. pvbplaacs]. Extreme 
or morbid dilatation of the pupil; dilatation of the 
pupil as the effect of a drug, alternating m., 
varying inequality of the pupils, mydriasis occur- 
ring now on one side, now on the other. Called also 
springing m. bounding m., alternating myd- 
riasis. paralytic m., that caused by paral- 
ysis of the oculomotor nerve, spasmodic m., 
spastic m., that due to spasm of the dilator 
of the iris or to overaction of the sympathetic, 
spinal m., that due to lesion of the ciliospinal 
center of the spinal cord, springing m. See 
alternating m. 
mydriatic (mid-re-at'ik). i. Dilating the pupil. 
2. Any drug that dilates the pupil. The principal 
mydriatics are daturin, coniin, cocain, eucain, 
gelsemin, atropin, homatropin, byoscyamin, holo- 
cain, and ephedrin. 
mydrin (mid'rin). A proprietary mydriatic com- 
posed of i part of homatropin and 100 parts of 
ephedrin. It is a white powder, soluble in water, 
and is used especially where an evanescent mydri- 
atic is desired. 
mydrol (mid'rol). lodomethylphenylpyrazolon; 
a bitter, soluble, mydriatic powder. 
myectomy (mi-ek'to-me) [Gr. pi>s muscle + enTop-q 
excision]. Excision of a portion of muscle. 
myectopia, myectopy (mi-ek-to'pe-ah, mi-ek'to- 
pe) [Gr. pvs muscle + eKroiros displaced]. Dis- 
placement of a muscle. 
myel (mi'el) [Gr. pveXos marrow]. The spinal cord, 
myelalgia (mi-el-al'je-ah) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the spinal cord. 
myelanalosis (mi"el-an-al-o'sis) [Gr. pveXos mar- 
row + avaXuais wasting]. Wasting of the spinal 
marrow; tabes dorsalis. 
myelapoplexy (mi-el-ap'o-pleks-e) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow + apoplexy]. Hemorrhage within the 
spinal cord. myelasthenia (mi"el-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow 4- asthenia]. Neurasthenia due to some 
cause which affects the spinal cord. 
myelatelia (mi"el-at-e'le-ah) [Gr. pveXos marrow 
4- areXeia imperfection]. Imperfect development 
of the spinal cord. 
myelatrophy (mi-el-at'ro-fe) [Gr. pveXos marrow 
4- atrophy]. Atrophy of the spinal cord. 
myelauxe (mi-el-awks'e) [Gr. pveXos marrow 4- 
av^ increase]. Morbid increase in size of the 
spinal cord. 
myelemia, myelsemia (mi-el-e'me-ah) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow 4- al pa blood]. The occurrence of myel- 
ocytes or neutrophil leukocytes in the blood; 
myeloid leukemia, splenomedullary leukemia. 
myelen (mi'el-en). A red, syrup-like extract of 
the bone-marrow of oxen: used for rickets, leu- 
kemia, and tuberculosis. 
myelencephalon (mi"el-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow + eyKeipaXos brain], 1. The cerebrospinal 
axis. 2. The after-brain; the posterior part of the 
rhombocephalon or posterior cerebral vesicle of the 
embryo, from which are developed the medulla 
oblongata and the lower part of the fourth ven- 
tricle. 
myelencephalospinal (mi"el-en-sef-al-o-spi'nal). 
Pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord; 
cerebrospinal. 
myelencephalous (mi"el-en-sef'al-us). Cerebro- 
spinal. 
myeleterosis (mi"el-et-er-o'sis) [Gr. pveXos marrow 
4- erepwais alteration]. Morbid alteration of the 
spinal cord. 
myelic (mi-el'ik) [Gr. pveXos marrow]. Pertaining to 
the spinal cord. 
myelin (mi'el-in) [Gr. pveXos marrow]. 1. The 
white substance of Schwann; the fat-like sub- 
stance forming a sheath around the medullated 
(myelinated) nerve-fibers. See myelin sheath, under 
sheath. 2. Any one of a certain group of lipoid 
substances found in various normal and pathologic 
tissues and differing from fats in being doubly re- 
fractive. 3. A monaminomonophosphatid found 
in small quantities in the brain. 
myelination (mi"el-in-a'shun). Same as myelini- 
zation. 
myelinic (mi-el-in'ik). Pertaining to or of the na- 
ture of myelin. 
myelinization (mi-el-in-iz-a'shun). The act of 
furnishing with or taking on myelin. 
myelinogenesis (mi-el-in-o-jen'es-is). Myeliniza- 
tion. 
myelinogenetic (mi-el-in"o-jen-et'ik). Producing 
myelin; producing myelinization. 
tnyelinosis (mi"el-in-o'sis). A form of fatty necro- 
sis in which myelin is formed. 
myelitic (mi-el-it'ik). Pertaining to myelitis. 
myelitis (mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. pveXos marrow], 1. In- 
flammation of the bone-marrow. See osteomyelitis. 
2. Inflammation of the spinal cord. See leukomye- 
litis, poliomyelitis. The symptoms of myelitis vary 
with the location of the lesion, and include pain in 
the back, girdle-sensation, hyperesthesia, formi- 
cation, anesthesia, motor disturbances, paralysis, 
increase of the reflexes, paralysis of the sphincters, 
bed-sores, and, in the later stages, spasmodic con- 
tractions of the paralyzed limbs, acute m., sim- 
ple myelitis due to exposure, disease, or injury' 
apoplectiform m., myelitis in which the paral- 
ysis comes on suddenly, ascending m., that 
which moves cephalad along the cord, bulbar 
m., that which involves the oblongata, cavi- 
tary m., that which is accompanied by the 
formation of cavities. central m., affects 
chiefly the gray substance of the cord. m. cer- 
vica'lis, myelitis affecting the cervical portion 
of the cord, and marked by muscular atrophy 
of the arms and spastic paralysis of the legs, 
chronic m., a slowly progressing form, com- 
MYELASTHENIA 
712 
pression-m., a form due to pressure on the cord, 
as of a tumor, concussion-m., a form due to 
spinal concussion, cornual m., that which affects 
the horns of gray matter in the cord, descending 
m., a myelitis that progresses caudad along the 
cord, diffuse m., involves large and variously 
placed sections of the cord, disseminated m., 
a form with several distinct foci, focal m., mye- 
litis affecting a small area only, or in other cases 
several small areas, foudroyant m. Same as 
central m. funicular m., myelitis involving the 
white matter, especially the posterior funiculus; 
it is characteristic of pernicious anemia, hemor- 
rhagic m., a form associated with hemorrhage, 
interstitial m., a variety in which the neuroglia 
is chiefly involved, resulting in increase of the 
interstitial matter and atrophy of the nervous 
tissue. Called also sclerosing m. parenchy- 
matous m., a variety in which mainly the 
proper nerve substance of the myelon is affected, 
periependymal m., myelitis surrounding the 
central canal of the cord, sclerosing m., a form 
characterized by hardening of the cord and over- 
growth of the interstitial tissue. Called also 
interstitial m. systemic m., myelitis which af- 
fects distinct tracts or systems in the cord, trans- 
verse m., a form which extends across the cord, 
traumatic m., myelitis which follows injury to 
the cord. 
myeloblast (mi'el-o-blast) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
fiXarjTos germ]. One of the large mononuclear non- 
granular cells of bone-marrow which develop into 
myelocytes. Called also premyelocyte. 
myeloblastemia (mi"el-o-blas-te'me-ah) [myelo- 
blast + Gr. al pa blood]. Presence of myeloblasts 
in the blood. 
myeloblastoma (mi"el-o-blas-to'mah). A tumor 
composed of myeloblasts. The term includes mye- 
logenous leukemia and chloroma. 
myelobrachium (mi"el-o-bra'ke-um) [Gr. /weXos 
marrow 4- Qpaxlcov arm]. The inferior tubercle 
of the cerebellum. 
myelocele (mi'el-o-sel). 1. [Gr. pveXos marrow 4- 
KoiXla cavity.] The central canal of the spinal cord. 
2. [Gr. pveXos marrow + kt)Xt) tumor.] Spina bifida 
with protrusion of the spinal cord. 
myelocene (mi'el-o-sen). A preparation of bone- 
marrow: used in chronic ear diseases, psoriasis, 
and other affections. 
myelocone (mi'el-o-kon) [Gr. pveXos marrow 4- 
kovis dust]. A fatty matter from the brain. 
myelocyst (mi'el-o-sist) [Gr. pveXos marrow 4- 
Kbar is cyst]. Cysts that are developed from 
rudimentary medullary canals. 
MYELOCYTOSIS 
myelocystic (mi"el-o-sis'tik). Both myeloid and 
cystic in structure. 
myelocystocele (mi"el-o-sis'to-sel) [Gr. pveXor 
marrow 4- Kvarcs cyst + kt)Xt) tumor]. A cystic 
tumor of the spinal cord. 
myelocystomeningocele (mi"el-o-sis"to-men- 
ing'o-sel). Myelocystocele blended with men- 
ingocele. 
myelocyte (mi'el-o-sit) [Gr. pveXos marrow + kotos 
cell], i. A marrow-cell; one of the typical cells of 
red bone-marrow. They are slightly larger than 
leukocytes, having vesicular nuclei and a cytoplasn 
containing neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophil 
granules. From them are developed the granu- 
lar leukocytes of the blood. Myelocytes occur in 
the blood in certain forms of leukemia. 2. Any cel) 
of the gray matter of the nervous system. 
myelocythemia, myelocytosis (mi"el-o-si-the'- 
me-ah, mi"el-o-si-to'sis) [myelocyte + Gr. al pa 
blood]. Excess of myelocytes in the blood. 
myelocytic (mi"el-o-sit'ik). Relating to or of the 
nature of myelocytes. 
myelocytoma (mi"el-o-si-to'mah). Chronic mye- 
locytic leukemia. 
myelocytosis (mi"el-o-si-to'sis). The presence of 
myelocytes in the blood. myelodiastasis (mi"el-o-di-as'tas-is) [Gr. pveX6s 
marrow + bidaraacs separation]. Disintegration 
of the spinal marrow. 
myelodysplasia (mi"el-o-dis-pla'se-ah) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow + 6vs- ill + TrXdaffecp to form]. Defec- 
tive development of any part (especially the lower 
segments) of the spinal cord (Fuchs, 1909). 
myelo-encephalitis (mi"el-o-en-sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. 
pveXos marrow + eyKetpaXos brain + -ins in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the spinal cord 
and brain, epidemic m., acute anterior polio- 
myelitis. See poliomyelitis. 
myeloganglitis (mi"el-o-gan-gli'tis). A disease 
with choleraic symptoms attributed to ganglitis 
of the solar and the hepatic plexus. 
myelogenesis (mi"el-o-jen'es-is). The develop- 
ment of the nervous system, especially of the brain 
and cord. 
myelogenic, myelogenous (mi"el-o-jen'ik, mi-el- 
oj'en-us) [Gr. pveXos marrow + yeppap to pro- 
duce]. Produced in the bone-marrow 
myelogeny (mi-el-oj'en-e). The maturation of the 
myelin sheaths of nerve-fibers in the development 
of the central nervous system. 
myelogone (mi'el-o-gon). A white, blood-cell of 
the myeloid series having a reticulate violaceous 
nucleus, well-stained nucleolus, and a deep blue 
rim of cytoplasm. 
myelogonic (mi-el-o-go'nik). Characterized by the 
presence of myelogones. 
myelogonium (mi"el-o-go'ne-um). Myelogone. 
myeloid (mi'el-oid) [Gr. pveXos marrow + eiSos 
form], 1. Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling 
bone-marrow. 2. Pertaining to the spinal cord. 3. 
Having the appearance of myelocytes, but not de- 
rived from bone-marrow. 
myeloidin (mi-el-oi'din) [Gr. pveXos marrow + eiSos 
form]. A substance resembling myelin, occur- 
ring in the pigmented epithelial cells of the retina, 
myeloidosis (mi"el-oi-do'sis). The development 
of myeloid tissue, especially hyperplastic develop- 
ment of such tissue. 
myelolymphangioma (mi"el-o-lim-fan-je-o'mah). 
Elephantiasis. 
myelolymphocyte (mi"el-o-lim'fo-sit). An ab- 
normal form of lymphocyte occurring in bone- 
marrow. 
myeloma (mi-el-o'mah) [Gr. pveXos marrow -I- wpa 
tumor]. 1. A tumor-like hyperplasia of the bone- 
marrow tissue. 2. Any medullary tumor. 3. Giant- 
cell sarcoma. 4. A slow-growing tumor of a tendin- 
ous sheath containing myeloplaxes. giant-cell 
m., a tumor of bone-marrow containing many 
giant-cells, multiple m., a disease marked by 
circumscribed or diffuse tumor-like hyperplasia of 
the bone-marrow, and usually associated with 
Bence-Jones protein in the urine. The patient 
complains of neuralgic pains; later painful swell- 
ings appear on the ribs and skull and spontaneous 
fractures may occur. Called also Kahler's disease, 
Huppert's disease, myelopathic albumosuria, Bence- 
Jones' albumosuria, and lymphadenia os sea. 
myelomalacia (mi"el-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow + paXaxia softening]. Morbid softening 
of the spinal cord. 
myelomatoid (mi-el-o'mat-oid). Resembling mye- 
loma. 
myelomatosis (mi"el-o-mat-o'sis). Multiple 
myeloma. See myeloma. 
myelomenia (mi"el-o-me'ne-ah) [Gr. pveXos mar- 
row + p^p month]. Metastasis of the menstrual 
discharge to the spinal cord. 
myelomeningitis (mi"el-o-men-in-ji'tis) _ [myelitis 
+ meningitis]. Inflammation of the spinal cord 
and its membranes. 
myelomeningocele (mi"el-o-men-ing'o-sel) [Gr. 
pveXos marrow + meningocele]. Spina bifida with 
hernial protrusion of the cord and its meninges. 
MYELODIASTASIS 
713 
myelomere (mi'el-o-mer) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
pepos part]. One of the segments, corresponding 
to a pair of mesoblastic somites, in the brain and 
spinal cord of the embryo. 
myelomyces (mi-el-om'is-ez) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
pvKijs fungus], Encephaloid cancer. 
myelon (mi'el-on) [Gr. pveXos marrow]. The spinal 
cord. 
myeloneuritis (mi"el-o-nu-ri'tis). Multiple neu- 
ritis in which there is also myelitis. 
myeIonic (mi-el-on'ik). Pertaining to the myelon. 
myeloparalysis (mi"el-o-par-al'is-is) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow -j- paralysis]. Spinal paralysis. 
myelopathic (mi"el-o-path'ik). i. Caused by dis- 
ease of the spinal cord. 2. Same as myelogenous. 
myelopathy (mi-el-op'ath-e) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
it ados sickness]. Any disease of the spinal cord. 
myelopetal (mi-el-op'e-tal) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
L. pe'tere to seek. for]. Moving toward the 
spinal cord. 
myelophthisis (mi"el-o-ti'sis) [Gr. pveXos mar- 
row + <f>0lais wasting]. Wasting of the spinal 
cord. 
myeloplaque (mi'el-o-plak). Same as myeloplax. 
myeloplast (mi'el-o-plast) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
TrXaaros formed]. Any leukocyte of the bone- 
marrow. 
myeloplax (mi'el-o-plaks) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
7rXd£ plate]. Any multinuclear giant-cell of the 
bone-marrow. Robin's m's, the osteoclasts. 
myeloplaxoma (mi"el-o-plaks-o'mah) [myeloplax 
+ Gr. -wpa tumor]. A tumor containing myelo- 
plaxes. , 
myeloplegia (mi"el-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. pveXos marrow 
+ TrXrjyq stroke]. Spinal paralysis. 
myelopore (mi'el-o-por) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
iropos opening]. A canal or opening in the spinal 
cord. 
myelorrhagia (mi"el-o-ra'je-ah) [Gr. pveXos mar- 
row + prjyvvvat. to burst forth]. Spinal hemor- 
rhage. 
myelorrhaphy (mi-el-or'af-e) [Gr. pveXos marrow 
+ pa.<w suture], Suturation of a severed spinal 
cord. 
myelosarcoma (mi"el-o-sar-ko'mah). A sarcoma 
of the bone-marrow. 
myelosclerosis (mi"el-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow + sclerosis]. Sclerosis of the spinal cord. 
myelosis (mi-el-o'sis;. 1. The formation a of tumor 
of the spinal cord. 2. Multiple myeloma. See 
myeloma. 
myelospasm (mi'el-o-spazm) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
spasm]. Spasm of the spinal cord. 
myelospongium (mi"el-o-spon'je-um) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow + a tv by y os sponge]. The network whence 
the neuroglia is developed: it pervades the em- 
bryonic cord, and is composed of the spongio- 
blasts and their branching processes. 
myelosyphilis (mi"el-o-sif'il-is). Syphilis of the 
myelon. 
myelosyphilosis (mi"el-o-sif-il-o'sis). Any syph- 
ilitic affection of the spinal cord. 
myelosyringosis (mi"el-o-si-rin-go'sis) [Gr. pveXos 
marrow + avpty^ pipe]. Same as syringomyelia. 
myelotherapy (mi"el-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. pveXos mar- 
row + therapy]. The therapeutic use of mar- 
row, or of the substance of the spinal cord. 
myelotome (mi-el'o-tom) [Gr. pveXos marrow + 
Tepveiv to cut]. 1. An instrument for making sec- 
tions of the spinal cord. 2. An instrument used 
for cutting the spinal cord squarely across in 
removing the brain in postmortem examina- 
tions. 
myelotoxic (mi-el-o-toks'ik) [Gr. pveXos marrow -f- 
to^ikop poison]. 1. Destructive to bone-marrow. 
2. Arising from diseased bone-marrow. 
MYELOTOXIC MYELOTOXIN 
714 
MYODYNAMIC 
myelotoxin (mi"el-o-toks'in). A cytotoxin which 
causes destruction of the marrow-cells. 
myenteric (mi-en-ter'ik). Pertaining to the my- 
enteron. 
myenteron (mi-en'ter-on) [Gr. pus muscle + evrepou 
intestine]. The muscular coat of the intestine. 
myesthesia (mi-es-the'zhe-ah) [Gr. pus muscle + 
aWrjaLS sensation]. Muscle sensibility; sensibility 
to impressions coming from the muscles. 
Myg. Abbreviation for myriagram. 
myiasis (mi-i'as-is) [Gr. puia fly]. Any disease 
caused by maggots or flies, m. dermato'sa, 
infection of the skin with the larva: of flies, m. 
imagino'sa, myiasis produced by the imago, or 
full-grown fly. m. larvo'sa, a myiasis produced 
by larva; or maggots, m. musco'sa, a myiasis 
produced by the common house-fly. m. cestruo'- 
sa, one produced by a bot-fly or gad-fly (oes'lrus'). 
myiocephalon, myiocephalum (mi-e-o-sef'al- 
on, -um) [Gr. puia fly + KtipaX-q head]. Projec- 
tion of the iris through a rent in the cornea. 
myiodesopsia (mi"i-o-des-op'se-ah) [Gr. pvuobps 
fly-like + o^is vision]. The seeing of muscae 
volitantes. 
myiosis (mi-i-o'sis). See myiasis. 
myitis (mi-i'tis) [Gr. pus muscle 4- -ins inflamma- 
tion], Inflammation of a muscle; myositis. 
myko-. For words thus beginning, see under 
myco-. 
mykol (mi'kol). An alcohol existing in the bodies 
of certain bacteria. 
Myl. Abbreviation for myrialiter. 
mylohyoid (mi-lo-hi'oid) [Gr. pvXt] mill 4- hyoid]. 
Pertaining to the molar teeth and hyoid bone. 
mylohyoideus (mi"lo-hi-oid'e-us). See muscles, 
table of. 
Mym. Abbreviation for myriameter. 
myo-. A prefix denoting some relation to a mus- 
cle or to muscles. 
myo-albumin (mi-o-al-bu'min). Muscle albumin, 
myo-albumose (mi-o-al'bu-mds). A protein from 
muscle-juice. 
myo-architectonic (mi"o-ar-ke-tek-ton'ik) [Gr. 
pus muscle 4- architectonic]. Pertaining to the 
structure of muscle. 
myoatrophy (mi-o-at'ro-fe). Myatrophy. 
myoblast (mi'o-blast) [Gr. pus muscle 4- /3Xaar6s 
germ]. An embryonic cell which becomes a cell 
of the muscle-fiber. 
myoblastic (mi-o-blas'tik). Pertaining to a myo- 
blast. 
myobradia, miobradyia (mi-o-bra'de-ah) [Gr. 
pus muscle 4- /3pabvs slow], A slow, sluggish re- 
action of muscle to electric stimulation. 
myocardiac, myocardial (mi-o-kar'de-ak, mi-o- 
kar'de-al). Pertaining to the muscular tissue of 
the heart. 
myocardiogram (mi-o-kar'de-o-gram). A tracing 
made by the myocardiograph. 
myocardiograph (mi-o-kar'de-o-graf) [Gr. pus 
muscle 4- Kapbia heart 4- ypatpeiv to record]. An 
instrument for making a tracing of the move- 
ments of the heart muscles. 
myocardism (mi-o-kar'dizm). A tendency toward 
the development of myocardial weakness and de- 
generation. 
myocarditic (mi"o-kar-dit'ik). Pertaining to 
myocarditis. 
myocarditis (mi"o-kar-di'tis) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
Kapbla heart 4-iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the myocardium; inflammation of the mus- 
cular walls of the heart, fragmentation m., 
fragmentation of the myocardium, indurative 
m., myocarditis causing hardening of the heart 
muscle, m. scarlatino'sa, myocarditis some- 
times seen associated with scarlet fever. 
myocardium (mi-o-kar'de-um) [Gr. pus muscle + 
Kapdia heart]. The muscular substance of the 
heart; the heart muscle. 
myocardol (mi-o-kar'dol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of caffein citrate and ergotin: used subcutane- 
ously in cardiac neuroses, arteriosclerosis, etc. 
myocele (mi'o-sel) [Gr. pus muscle + k^Xt) hernia]. 
Hernia of muscle; protrusion of a muscle through 
its ruptured sheath. 
myocelialgia (mi"o-se-le-al'je-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 
+ KocXia belly + aXyos pain]. Pain in the ab- 
dominal muscles. 
myocelitis (mi"o-se-li'tis) [Gr. pv$ muscle 4- 
KOLXla belly + -tris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the muscles of the abdomen. 
myocellulitis (mi"o-sel-u-li'tis). Myositis con- 
joined with cellulitis. 
myoceptor (mi'o-sep-tor) [Gr. pus muscle 4* 
cap'ere to take]. Tbe structure in a muscle-fiber 
that receives the nerve stimulus from the motor 
end-organ of the nerve. 
myocerosis (mi"o-se-ro'sis) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
Ki/pos wax]. Waxy degeneration of muscle, m. 
angiot'ica haemorrhag'ica. Same as angio- 
hyalinosis hamorrhagica. 
myochorditis (mi"o-kor-di'tis) [Gr. pus muscle + 
XopM) cord + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the muscles of the vocal cords. 
myochrome (mi'o-krom) [Gr. pus muscle + %pwpa 
color]. Any member of a group of muscle pig- 
ments. Same as histohematin or myohematin. 
myochronoscope (mi-o-kron'os-kop) [Gr. pus mus- 
cle + xpo^os time + aKOTrelu to view]. A device 
for measuring the time required for a motor im- 
pulse to become effective. 
myoclonia (mi-o-klo'ne-ah). That condition which 
is characterized by myoclonus, fibrillary m., 
the twitching of the fibrils of a muscle. See 
fibrillation, infectious m., chorea. 
myoclonic (mi-o-klon'ik) Relating to or marked by 
myoclonus. 
myoclonus (mi-ok'lo-nus) [Gr. pus muscle 4- kXovos 
contraction]. Clonic spasm of a muscle or of 
various muscles, m. mul'tiplex. See paramyo- 
clonus multiplex. 
myocoele (mi'o-sel) [Gr. pus muscle 4- koIXos hol- 
low]. The cavity inclosed by a myotome; the 
cavity of a myotome. 
myocolpitis (mi"o-kol-pi'tis) [Gr. pus muscle + 
KoXiros vagina 4- -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the muscular layers of the vaginal wall. 
myocomma (mi-o-kom'ah) [Gr. pus muscle 4~ 
Koppa cut]. A sclerotome; the septum between 
any two myotomes. 
myocrismus (mi-o-kris'mus) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
Kpi^eLv to squeak]. A sound heard on auscultation 
over a contracting muscle. 
myoctonin (mi-ok'to-nin) [Gr. pus mouse 4- ktovos 
killing]. A poisonous alkaloid, C27H3oN203, from 
A coni'turn lycoc'tonum. 
myocyte (mi'o-sit) [Gr. pus muscle + kvtos cell], 
i. A cell of the muscular tissue. 2. The inner 
contractile layer of the ectoplasm of a proto- 
zoon. 
myocytoma (mi"o-si-to'mah). A tumor made up 
of myocytes or muscle-cells. 
myodegeneration (mi"o-de-jen-er-a'shun)[Gr. pus 
muscle + degeneration]. Degeneration of mus- 
cle. 
myodemia (mi-o-de'me-ah) [Gr. pus muscle + 8r/p6s 
fat]. Fatty degeneration of muscle. 
myodesopsia (mi"o-des-op'se-ah). See myiodes- 
opsia. 
myodiastasis (mi"o-di-as'tas-is) [Gr. pus muscle + 
biaaraais separation]. Rupture of a muscle. 
myodynamic (mi"o-di-nam'ik). Relating to mus- 
cular force. myodynamometer (mi"o-di-nam-om'et-er) [Gr. 
pvs muscle + bwapcs power + per pop measure]. 
A device for testing the power of the muscles. 
myodynia (mi-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 65vpt) 
pain]. Pains in a muscle; myalgia. 
myo-edema, myo-oedema (mi"o-e-de'mah) [Gr. 
pvs muscle 4- olbqpa swelling], 1. Edema of. a 
muscle. 2. Same as mounding. 
myo-electric (mi"o-e-lek'trik). Pertaining to the 
electric or electromotive properties of muscle. 
myo-endocarditis (mi"o-en-do-kar-di'tis) [Gr. juus 
muscle + endocarditis]. Combined myocarditis 
and endocarditis. 
myo-epithelial (mi"o-ep-e-the'le-al). Pertaining 
to or composed of muscle and epithelium. 
myo-epithelium (mi"o-ep-ith-e'le-um) [Gr. pvs 
muscle + epithelium]. Muscle epithelium. 
myofibril, myofibrilla (mi-o-fi'bril, mi"o-fi- 
bril'ah), pl. myofibrilice. A muscle-fibril; especi- 
ally one of the fine fibrils traversing longitudinally 
the cells of smooth muscular tissue and supposed to 
form the contractile element. 
myofibroma (mi"o-fi-bro'mah). Myoma combined 
with fibroma. 
myofibrosis (mi"o-fi-bro'sis) [Gr. pvs muscle + 
fib'ra fiber]. Degeneration of muscular tissue 
into fibroid tissue, m. cor'dis, myofibrosis of the 
heart. 
myogen (mi'o-jen) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- yeppap to 
produce]. Myosinogen. m.-fibrin, myosin 
formed by the clotting of myosinogen. 
myogenetic, myogenic, myogenous (mi-o-jen- 
et'ik, mi-o-jen'ik, mi-oj'en-us) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
yeppap to produce]. Originating in the muscular 
tissue. 
myoglia (mi-og'le-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- yAia glue]. 
A fibrillar substance formed by muscle-cells and 
bearing the same relation to muscle that neuro- 
glia bears to nerve-cells. 
myoglobulin (mi-o-glob'u-lin) [myo- 4- globulin]. 
A globulin found in muscle-serum. 
myognathus (mi-og'na-thus) [Gr. jws muscle 4- 
ypddos jaw]. A supernumerary lower jaw having 
a muscular attachment to the normally placed 
lower jaw. 
myogram (mi'o-gram) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- ypappa 
writing]. The record or tracing made by a myo- 
graph. 
myograph (mi'o-graf) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- ypaipeip to 
record]. An apparatus for recording the effects 
of a muscular contraction. 
myographic (mi-o-graf'ik) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
ypacpecp to record]. Pertaining to a myograph. 
myography (mi-og'raf-e) [Gr. pvs muscle -f- 
ypa<peLP to write]. 1. The use of the myograph. 
2. A description of the muscles. 
myohematin (mi-o-hem'at-in) [myo- 4- hematin]. 
MacMunn's name for a pigment occurring in the 
muscles in association with hemoglobin. 
myohypertro'phia kymoparalyt'ica. A mus- 
cular dystrophy, with paralysis, described by Op- 
penheim (1914). 
myohysterectomy (mi"o-his-ter-ek'to-me). Par- 
tial removal of the uterus, the cervix being left in 
place. 
myoid (mi'oid) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- elbos form]. Re- 
sembling or like a muscle. 
myoidem, myoidema (mi-oi'dem, mi-oi-de'mah). 
Same as myo-edema. 
myoideum (mi-oid'e-um). Myoid tissue. 
myoidism (mi-o-id'izm) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- linos 
own]. Idiomuscular contraction. 
myoischemia (mi"o-is-ke'me-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
ischemia]. Local deficiency of blood-supply in 
muscle. 
myokerosis (mi"o-ke-ro'sis) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
Ki)p6s wax]. Waxy degeneration of muscle tissue. 
MYODYNAMOMETER 
715 
myokinesis (mi-o-kin'e-sis) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
KipyaLs motion]. Movement of muscles; especially 
displacement of muscle-fibers in operation. 
myokymia (mi-o-kim'e-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle + Kvpa 
wave]. Persistent quivering of the muscles 
(Schultze); myoclonus fibrillaris multiplex (Kny). 
myolemma (mi-o-lem'ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
Xe/z/xa sheath]. The sarcolemma. 
myolin (mi'o-lin). The supposed material of the 
muscular fibrils. 
myolipoma (mi"o-li-po'mah) [Gr. pvs muscle + 
Alitos fat + -upa tumor]. Myoma containing 
fatty or lipomatous elements. 
myology (mi-ol'o-je) [Gr. /zvs muscle + Abyos word]. 
The sum of knowledge regarding the muscles. 
myolysis (mi-ol'is-is) [Gr. pvs muscle + Xuais 
solution]. Disintegration or degeneration of 
muscle tissue, m. cardiotox'ica, degeneration 
of the heart muscle due to systemic intoxication, 
as in infectious diseases. 
myoma (mi-o'mah) [Gr. juus muscle 4- -wpa tumor]. 
Any tumor made up of muscular elements: if they 
are striated, it is a rhabdomyoma; if not, it is a 
leiomyoma, m. laevicellula're, leiomyoma, m. 
sarcomato'des, myoma in which the muscle 
tissue has been transformed into sarcomatous tis- 
sue. m. striocellula're, rhabdomyoma, m. 
telangiecto'des, a tumor consisting of a coil of 
blood-vessels surrounded by a network bf muscular 
fibers; angiomyoma. 
myomalacia (mi"o-ma-la'se-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 
4- paAaula softening]. Morbid softening of a 
muscle, m. cor'dis, morbid softening of the 
muscular substance of the heart. 
myomatosis (mi"o-mat-o'sis). The formation of 
multiple myomata. 
myomatous (mi-o'mat-us). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a myoma. 
myomectomy (mi-o-mek'to-me) [myoma + Gr. 
cut opr; excision]. Surgical removal of a myoma. 
myomelanosis (mi"o-mel-an-o'sis) [Gr. pvs muscle 
+ /zeAawais blackening]. Melanosis, or black pig- 
mentation of a portion of the muscular substance. 
myomere (mi'o-mer) [Gr. pvs muscle + pepos 
share], i. A protovertebra or embryonic mus- 
cular segment. 2. A muscular segment. 
myometer (mi-om'et-er) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- perpop 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring muscle 
contraction. 
myometrial gland. See under gland. 
myometritis (mi"o-me-tri/tis) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
/zijrpawomb + -ltls inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the muscular substance of the uterus. 
myometrium (mi-o-me'tre-um) [Gr. /ws muscle + 
p.r;Tpa womb]. The muscular substance of the 
uterus. 
myomohysterectomy (mi"o-mo-his-ter-ek'to-me) 
[myoma + Gr. varepa uterus + eKrop-q excision]. 
Myomectomy combined with hysterectomy; sur- 
gical removal of a myomatous uterus. 
myomotomy (mi-o-mot'o-me). Same as myo- 
mectomy. 
myon (mi'on) [Gr. pvs muscle]. A muscle; a 
muscular unit. 
myoneme (mi'o-nem) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- pqpa 
thread]. One of the muscular fibrils in the surface 
of certain protozoa. 
myonephropexy (mi-o-nef'ro-pek-se) [Gr. pvs 
muscle + ve<ppbs kidney + arn^is fixation]. The 
operation of fixing a movable kidney by suturing it 
to a strap of muscle tissue. 
myoneural (mi-o-nu'ral) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
pevpop nerve]. Pertaining to both muscle and 
nerve: said of the nerve terminations in muscles, 
myoneuralgia (mi"o-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 
+ neuralgia]. Muscular neuralgia. 
myoneurasthenia (mi"o-nu-ras-the'ne-ah) [Gr. 
pvs muscle + neurasthenia]. The relaxed state 
of the muscular system in neurasthenia. 
MYONEURASTHENIA myoneure (mi'o-nur) [Gr. pus muscle 4- vevpov 
nerve]. A nerve-cell which supplies a muscle. 
myoneuroma (mi"o-nu-ro'mah) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
vevpov nerve 4- -wpa tumor]. A neuroma con- 
taining muscular tissue; especially a cyst of the 
pituitary body containing muscular elements. 
myoneurosis (mi"o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
neurosis], Any neurosis of muscle, colic m., 
intestinal m., mucous colitis. See colitis. 
myonosus (mi-on'os-us) [Gr. pus muscle 4- vbaos 
disease]. Disease of a muscle. 
myonymy (mi-on'im-e) [Gr. pus muscle 4- ovopa 
name]. Nomenclature of the muscles. 
myopachynsis (mi"o-pak-in'sis) [Gr. pus muscle 
4- Traxwais thickening]. Hypertrophy of muscle. 
myoparalysis (mi"o-par-al'is-is) [Gr. pus muscle 
4- paralysis]. Paralysis of a muscle. 
myoparesis (mi-o-par'es-is). Myoparalysis. 
myopathic (mi-o-path'ik). Of the nature of a 
myopathy. 
myopathy (mi-op'ath-e) [Gr. pus muscle 4- iraOos 
suffering]. Any disease of a muscle. 
myope (mi'op) [Gr. p.vetv to shut 4- eye]. A 
near-sighted person; one affected with myopia. 
myopericarditis (mi"o-per-ik-ar-di'tis). Myo- 
carditis combined with pericarditis. 
myoperitonitis (mi"o-per-it-o-ni'tis)[Gr. pus mus- 
cle 4- peritonitis]. Inflammation of the muscular 
elements of the peritoneum. 
myophage (mi'o-faj) [see myophagism]. A phago- 
cyte which consumes muscle tissue. 
myophagism (mi-of'aj-izm) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
<pa.ydiv to eat]. The atrophy or wasting away of 
muscular tissue. 
myophone (mi'o-fon) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
voice], A device which renders audible the 
sound of a muscular contraction. 
myopia (mi-o'pe-ah) [Gr. poetv to shut 4- eye]. 
Near-sightedness, or short sight; defective eye- 
sight due to too great refractive power of the eye, 
so that the rays coming from an object beyond a 
certain distance are focused in front of the retina, 
axial m., that which is caused by elongation of 
the axis of the eye. chronic m., color-blindness 
for objects at a distance, curvature m., a form 
due to changes in the curvature of the refracting 
surfaces of the eye. index-m., a form due to ab- 
normal refractivity of the media of the eye. 
malignant m., pernicious m., progressive 
myopia, associated with grave disease of the choroid 
and leading to retinal detachment and blindness, 
prodromal m., a condition in which the patient 
is able to read with glasses; sometimes seen in 
incipient cataract. progressive m., myopia 
that continues to increase in adult life. 
myopic (mi-op'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
myopia. m. crescent. See crescent. 
myoplasm (mi'o-plazm) [Gr. pus muscle 4- irXacrua 
something formed]. The contractile part of the 
muscle cell. 
myoplastic (mi-o-plas'tik) [Gr. pus muscle 4- TrXda- 
aeiv to form]. Performed by the plastic use of 
muscle; said of operations. 
myoplasty (mi'o-plas-te). Plastic surgery on mus- 
cle. 
myopolar (mi-o-po'lar) [Gr. pus muscle 4- polar]. 
Applied to a muscle between the electrodes of a 
battery. 
myoprotein (mi-o-pro'te-in). A protein obtained 
from muscle tissue. 
myoproteose (mi-o-pro'te-os). Same as myo- 
albumose. . 
myopsin (mi-op'sin) [Gr. pus muscle 4- to 
chew up]. A proteolytic enzyme occurring along 
with trypsin in the pancreatic juice. 
myopsis (mi-op'sis). Myiodesopsia. 
myopsychic (mi-o-si'kik) [see myopsychosis]. Per- 
MYONEURE 
716 
taining to the muscles and the mind-noting the 
memory images of muscular activity. 
myopsychosis, myopsychopathy (mi"o-si-ko'- 
sis, mi"o-si-kop'ath-e)[Gr. pus muscle 4* ^uxt? mind 
4* iraOos disease]. Any one of those neuromus- 
cular affections that are associated with mental 
troubles, as Sydenham's chorea, paralysis agitans. 
myorrhaphy (mi-or'af-e) [Gr. pus muscle + pa^-q 
suture]. Suturation of divided muscle. 
myorrhexis (mi-or-eks'is) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
p^ts rupture]. The rupture of a muscle. 
myosalgia (mi-o-sal'je-ah). Muscular pain. 
myosalpingitis (mi"o-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. pus mus- 
cle + salpingitis}. Hypertrophic inflammation of 
the muscular tissue of the oviduct. 
myosan (mi'o-san). A protean derived from 
myosin. 
myosarcoma (mi"o-sar-ko'mah). Myoma blended 
with sarcoma. 
myosclerosis (mi"o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. pus muscle 
+ aKXqpbs hard]. Hardening or sclerosis of 
muscle. 
myoseism (mi'o-sizm) [Gr. pus muscle 4- aeiapos 
shake]. Jerky, irregular muscular contractions. 
myoseptum (mi-o-sep'tum). Same as myocomma. 
myoserum (mi-o-se'rum). Muscle-juice; the juice 
expressed from meat. 
myosin (mi'o-sin). A protein from muscle plasma, 
dead muscle, blood-clots, and from leukocytes. 
It is a gelatinous mass when wet, brittle when 
dry. It is soluble in strong saline solutions, 
and is produced by the transformation of 
myosinogen. Furth's m., paramyosinogen, 
vegetable-m., a substance resembling myosin, 
from seeds of various plants. 
myosinogen (mi-o-sin'o-jen) [myosin + Gr. yevvav 
to produce]. The protein in living muscle from 
which myosin is formed. Its coagulation after 
death produces rigor mortis. 
myosinose (mi-os'in-os). A proteose produced by 
the digestion of myosin. 
myosinuria (mi"o-sin-u're-ah) [myosin 4- Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of myosin in the 
urine. 
myosis (mi-o'sis). Same as miosis. 
myositic (mi-o-sit'ik). Pertaining to myositis. 
myositis (mi-o-si'tis) [Gr. pus muscle]. Inflam- 
mation of a muscle, acute disseminated m. 
Same as primary multiple m. acute progres- 
sive m., a rare disease in which the inflammation 
gradually involves the whole muscular system 
and ends in death by asphyxia and pneumonia, 
m. fibro'sa, a type in which there is a formation 
of connective tissue within the muscle substance, 
infectious m., interstitial m., inflammation 
of the connective and septal elements of muscular 
tissue, m. ossif'icans, that which is character- 
ized by bony deposits, parenchymatous m., 
that which affects the essential substance of a mus- 
cle. primary multiple m., an acute febrile dis- 
ease characterized by edema and inflammation of 
the skin and muscles in various parts of the body. 
Called also pseudotrichinosis, m. purulen'ta, 
a suppurative and gangrenous type, due to a 
bacterial infection, m. purulen'ta trop'ica, a 
disease of Samoa and the African tropics, charac- 
terized by fever, pain in the limbs, and abscesses 
in the muscles. m. sero'sa, muscle inflam- 
mation characterized by a serous exudation, 
suppurative m., inflammation of muscle re- 
sulting in muscular abscess or in diffuse sup- 
puration of muscles, trichinous m., that which 
is caused by the presence of trichinae. 
myospasia (mi-o-spa'ze-ah). Clonic contraction of 
muscle; paramyoclonus. 
myospasm (mi'o-spazm) [Gr. pus muscle 4- o-Trao-pos 
spasm]. Spasm of a muscle. 
myospasmia (mi-o-spaz'me-ah). Diseases char- 
MYOSPASMIA acterized by uncontrollable muscular spasm. 
See tic. 
myosteoma (mi-os-te-o'mah) [Gr. pus muscle 4- 
oareov bone 4-upa tumor], A bony tumor in 
muscle. 
myostroma (mi-o-stro'mah) [Gr. pvs muscle + 
stroma]. The stroma or framework of muscle 
tissue. 
myostromin (mi-o-stro'min). A protein occurring 
in muscle stroma. 
myosuria (mi-o-su're-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle + ovpov 
urine]. Myosin in the urine. 
myo suture (mi-o-sut'ur) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- L. 
sutu'ra sewing]. The suturation of a muscle. 
myosynizesis (mi"o-sin-iz-e'sis) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
avvl^a is sitting together]. Adhesion of muscles. 
myotactic (mi-o-tak'tik) [Gr. juus muscle 4- L. 
tac'tus touch]. Pertaining to the muscular sense 
of touch. 
myotasis (mi-ot'as-is) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- raais 
stretching]. Stretching of muscle. 
myotatic (mi-o-tat'ik) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- relveiv to 
stretch]. Performed or induced by stretching or 
extending a muscle. 
myotenontoplasty (mi"o-ten-on'to-plas-te). 
Tenontomyoplasty. 
myotenositis (mi-o-ten-o-si'tis) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
Tevoov tendon -f- -iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of a muscle and its tendon. 
myotenotomy (mi"o-ten-ot'o-me) [Gr. pvs muscle 
4- tenotomy]. Surgical division of the tendon of 
a muscle. 
myotherapy (mi-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- 
depanela treatment]. Treatment by administra- 
tion of muscle tissue and muscle juice. 
myotic (mi-ot'ik). Same as miotic. 
myotility (mi-o-til'it-e). Muscular contractility. 
myotome (mi'o-tom) [Gr. /ws muscle 4- repveiv to 
cut]. 1. An instrument for performing myotomy. 
2. A muscular segment or myomere. 3. A myo- 
comma. 
myotomy (mi-ot'o-me) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- repveiv 
to cut]. The cutting or dissection of muscular 
tissue or of a muscle. 
myotone (mi'o-ton). Same as myotonia. 
myotonia (mi-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- rovos 
tension], 1. Tonic spasm of a muscle. 2. Mus- 
cular tension. 3. Stretching of a muscle, m. 
acquis'ita, tonic muscular spasm developed after 
injury or in consequence of disease. Called also 
Talma's disease, m. atroph'ica, a disease marked 
by tonic muscular spasm and atrophy of the 
muscles, m. congen'ita, m. heredita'ria. 
See Thomsen's disease, under disease, m. neona- 
to'rum, tetanism. 
myotonometer (mi"o-to-nom'et-er) [myotonia 4- 
Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
muscular tonus. 
myotonus (mi-ot'o-nus). Tonic spasm of a muscle, 
myotony (mi-ot'o-ne). See myotonia. 
myotrophy (mi-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. pvs muscle 4- rpo<pp 
nutrition]. Nutrition of muscle. 
myrcene (mer'sen). An essential oil from the oil 
of bay. It is an olefinic terpene, CioHie, and prob- 
ably CH2(CH)3(CH2)2CH:C(CH3)2. 
Myrcia (mer'she-ah) [L.]. A genus of myrca- 
ceous trees and shrubs. The leaves of M. a'cris 
afford oil of bay (o'leum myr'cia), whence bay- 
rum (spir'itus myr'cice') is prepared, which is 
used as a perfume and as a local application in 
headache. 
myriachit (mir-e'ah-shit) [Russian]. A form of 
palmus with jumping movements and infirm 
will, endemic in Siberia. See lata, palmus. 
Myriapoda (mir-e-ap'o-dah) [Gr. pvpios number- 
less 4- ttous foot]. A class of arthropods, including 
the millepides and centipedes. 
MYOSTEOMA 
717 
myriapodiasis (mir"e-ap-o-di'as-is). Infestation 
by one of the Myriapoda or centipedes. 
myricin (mir-i'sin) [L. myri'ca myrtle]. i. A 
crystallizable principle, C30H61.C16H31O2, from bees- 
wax. 2. A medicinal concentration prepared from 
Myri'ca cerifera, or wax-myrtle; astringent, anti- 
luetic. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.198 gm.). 
myricyl (mir'is-il). The radical, C30H81. 
myringectomy (mi-rin-jek'to-me). Same as myrin- 
godectomy. 
myringitis (mir-in-ji'tis) [L. mirin'ga drum-mem- 
brane + Gr.-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the membrana tympani. m. bullo'sa, myringi- 
tis with the formation of blebs. 
myringodectomy (mir-in"go-dek/to-me) [L. myr- 
in'ga' membrana tympani 4- Gr. eKropi) excision]. 
Surgical removal of the membrana tympani. 
myringodermatitis (mir-in"go-der-mat-i'tis) [L. 
myrin'ga drum-membrane + Gr. Seppa skin]. In- 
flammation of the outer layer of the membrana 
tympani, with the formation of blebs. 
myringomycosis (mir-in"go-mi-ko/sis) [L. myrin'- 
ga drum-membrane 4- Gr. pwrjs fungus]. Dis- 
ease of the membrana tympani caused by the 
growth of fungi, m. aspergilli'na, that which 
is caused by an aspergillus. See Otomycosis. 
myringoplasty (mir-in'go-plas-te) [L. myrin'ga 
drum-membrane + Gr. Tr\aaaei.v to form]. Sur- 
gical restoration of the membrana tympani. 
myringoscope (mi-ring'o-skop) [L. myrin'ga drum- 
membrane + Gr. ffKoTreiv to view]. An instrument 
for inspecting the drum-membrane. 
myringotome (mir-in'go-tdm) [L. myrin'ga drum- 
membrane + Gr. repveLv to cut]. A knife for use 
in operating upon the membrana tympani. 
myringotomy (mir-in-got'o-me) [L. myrin'ga 
drum-membrane + Gr. Tepvecv to cut]. Surgical 
incision of the membrana tympani. 
myristic acid (mi-ris'tik). See under acid. 
Myristica (mi-ris'tik-ah) [L.; Gr. pvpl^eiv to 
anoint]. A genus of trees of tropical countries. 
M. fra'grans affords nutmegs and mace. 
myristicene (mi-ris'tis-en). A fragrant eleopten, 
C10H14, from the volatile oil of nutmeg. 
myristicol (mi-ris'tik-ol). A stearopten, or cam- 
phor, C10H18O, from the volatile oil of nutmeg. 
myristin (mi-ris'tin). Myristate of glyceryl, C3- 
H3(C14H27O2)3: found in nutmeg-butter, sperma- 
ceti, and other fats. 
myrobalan (mi-rob'al-an) [Gr. pvpov ointment 4- 
(3a.Xa.vos nut]. The dried fruit of several species of 
Terminalia of India: used as an astringent in diar- 
rhea. Dose, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.). 
myronate (mi'ron-at). Any salt of myronic acid 
(derivable from black mustard), potassium m. 
Same as sinigrin. 
myronic acid (mi-ron'ik). See acid. 
myronin (mi-ro'nin). A proprietary ointment- 
base, composed of stearin-soap, carnauba wax, 
and doegling oil. 
myrosin (mi-ro'sin). A protein and ferment con- 
tained in mustard seed. 
myrrh (mur) [L. my/rha; Gr. pvppa]. A gum- 
resin from Commiph' ora my/rha, an old-world 
burseraceous tree, containing a volatile oil, the 
resin myrrhin, and a gum. It is stimulant and 
astringent, and is used in dyspepsia, chronic 
bronchitis, leukorrhea, amenorrhea, and as a 
local application in stomatitis, carious teeth, and 
inflammation of the gums. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333- 
2 gm.); of tincture, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
myrrholin (me/o-lin). A mixture of myrrlj and 
fat in equal parts: used as a vehicle for the ad- 
ministration of creosote. 
myrtiform (mer'tif-orm) [L. myrtifo/mis; my/tus 
myrtle + for1 ma shape]. Shaped like the leaf or 
berry of the myrtle. 
MYRTIFORM myrtillin (mer-til'in). An extractive from huckle- 
berries: said to be useful in the local treatment 
of eczema; also internally in intestinal catarrh. 
myrtle (mer'tl). See Myrtus. 
myrtol (mer'tol) [L. myr'tus myrtle 4- o'leum oil]. 
A light, volatile oil obtainable from the oil of 
Myr'tus commu'nis: given in bronchial and pul- 
monic affections as a stimulant antiseptic. Dose, 
1-2 min. (0.06-0.13 c.c.). 
Myrtophyllum (mir-to-fil'um) [L. myr'tus myrtle 
+ Gr. <pbX\ov leaf]. A genus of protozoan or- 
ganisms. M. hep'atis, a species found in 
hepatic abscess. It is shaped like a myrtle leaf. 
Myrtus (mer'tus) [L.; Gr. pbpros]. A genus of 
myrtaceous trees. M. commu'nis, the old-world 
myrtle, affords leaves which are antiseptic and 
astringent, and are used as a dressing for wounds. 
Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.33-1.33 gm.). See also cheken. 
mysophobia (mi-so-fo'be-ah)[Gr. pbaos filth+^o^os 
fear]. Insane dread of filth or contamination. 
my^tin (mis'tin). A milk preservative, consisting of 
formaldehyd and sodium nitrite. 
mytacism (mi'tas-izm) [Gr. pvTaKiapbs]. Too free 
use of m-sounds in utterance. 
mythomania (mith-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. pvOos myth + 
pavia madness], A morbid propensity to lie or to 
exaggerate. 
mythophobia (mith-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. pvOos myth 
+ <p60os fear]. Morbid fear of stating an untruth. 
mytilite (mi'til-it). An alcohol from the muscle of 
Mytilus edulis, C6H12O5.2H2O. It is isomeric with 
quercite. 
mytilotoxin (mit"il-o-toks'in) [Gr. pvrlXos mussel 
4- tobiko? poison], A poisonous leukomain, C6Hj5- 
NO2, from mussels. 
mytilotoxism (mit"il-o-toks'izm). Mussel-poison- 
ing. 
myurous (mi-u'rus) [Gr. pvs mouse + obpa tail]. 
Gradually tapering like a mouse's tail: said of the 
pulse when it grows gradually more feeble, and 
also of certain symptoms. 
myxadenitis (miks"ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. pb^a mucus 
+ aSrp, gland 4- -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of a mucous gland, m. labia'lis. Same as 
Bael's disease, under disease. 
myxadenoma (miks-ad-en-o'mah) [Gr. pb^a mucus 
4- adenoma}. An epithelial tumor with the struc- 
ture of a mucous gland. 
myxangitis (miks-an-ji'tis) [Gr. pb^a mucus + 
ayyeiov vessel 4- -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the ducts of mucous glands. 
myxangoitis (miks"an-go-i'tis) [Gr. pb^a mucus 4- 
&yyetov vessel 4- -iris inflammation]. Mucous 
inflammation of vessels. 
myxasthenia (miks-as-the-ne'ah) [Gr. pb^a mucus 
4- aadeveia weakness]. Deficiency in the secre- 
tion of mucus. 
myxedema, myxoedema (miks-e-de'mah) [Gr. 
pb^a mucus 4* ol8r)pa swelling] A disease, prob- 
ably due to hypofunction of the thyroid gland, and 
marked by dropsy-like swelling, especially of the 
face and hands, smallness of the thyroid gland, 
slowing of the pulse-rate, dryness and wrinkling of 
the skin, falling of the hair, dulling of mental 
activity, sluggishness of movement, and retardation 
of the rate of basal metabolism. Called also 
Gull's disease, congenital m., cretinism, in- 
fantile m., Brissauds infantilism; myxedema 
beginning during infancy from acquired disorder 
of the thyroid gland, operative m., cachexia 
strumipriva. 
myxedematoid (mix-e-dem'at-oid). Resembling 
myxedema. 
myxedematous (mix-e-dem'at-us). Pertaining to 
or characterized by myxedema. 
myxemia (miks-e'me-ah) [Gr. pb^a mucus 4- aipa 
blood]. Mucinemia. 
myxidiocy (miks-id'e-o-se). Same as myxidiotie. 
MYRTILLIN 
718 
myxidiotie (miks-id'e-o-te). Myxedema marked by 
defective mental development. 
myxobacteriales (miks"o-bak-te-re-a'lez) [Gr. 
pv^a slime + bacteria]. An order of Schizomycetes 
comprising the slime-mold bacteria. 
myxoblastoma (miks"o-blas-to'mah). A tumor 
composed of mucous connective-tissue cells. 
Myxob'olus cypri'ni. A protozoan parasite caus- 
ing the pox disease of carp. 
myxochondrofibrosarcoma (miks"o-kon"dro- 
fi"bro-sar-ko'mah). A tumor containing myxo- 
matous, cartilaginous, fibrous, and sarcomatous 
elements. 
myxochondroma (miks"o-kon-dro'mah). Myxoma 
blended with chondroma. 
Myxococcid'ium stegomy'ise. A sporozobn 
found in the body of the mosquito, Stegotny'ia 
fascia' la. 
myxocystoma (miks"o-sis-to'mah). Myxoid cys- 
toma. 
myxocyte (miks'o-sit) [Gr. pb^a mucus + kotos cell}. 
One of the characteristic cells of mucous tissue. 
myxodermia (miks-o-der'me-ah) [Gr. pb^a mucus 
+ Seppa skin]. An acute disease marked by 
ecchymoses, softening of the skin, and contrac- 
tion of certain muscles. 
myxoedema (miks-e-de'mah). See myxedema. 
myxo-ench ondroma (mik"so-en-kon-dro'mah). 
A chondroma in which some of the elements have 
undergone mucous degeneration. 
myxofibroma (miks"o-fi-bro'mah). Myxoma 
blended with fibroma. 
myxofibrosarcoma (miks"o-fi"bro-sar-ko'mah). A 
sarcoma with myxomatous and fibromatous ele- 
ments. 
myxoglioma (miks"o-gli-o'mah). A glioma which 
has undergone myxomatous degeneration. 
myxoid (miks'oid) [Gr. pb^a mucus 4- eiSos form]. 
Resembling mucus, m. cysto'ma, a prolifer- 
ating cyst of the ovary; so called because its inner 
surface resembles a mucous membrane. 
myxoidedema (miks"oid-e-de'mah). Influenza of 
a severe type; American grip. 
myxoinoma (miks"o-in-o'mah). Myxoma blended 
with inoma. 
myxolipoma (miks"o-lip-o'mah). Myxoma blended 
with lipoma. 
myxoma (miks-o'riah) [Gr. pb^a mucus 4- -wpa 
tumor]. A tumor made up of mucous tissue. It 
forms a soft, translucent growth, made up of va- 
riously shaped cells of connective tissue and capil- 
lary vessels encased in a jelly-like matrix, cys- 
tic m., one which contains cavities, enchon- 
dromatous m., one containing cartilage in the 
intercellular substance, erectile m., one which 
contains an excess of vessels, so as to resem- 
ble an angioma. m. fibro'sum, myxoinoma. 
infectious m., a disease of rabbits produced by a 
filterable virus or a chlamydozobn. lipomatous 
m., one which contains a deposit of fat within the 
cells. m. sarcomato'sum, myxosarcoma, 
vascular m., a myxoma containing many blood- 
vessels. 
myxomatous (miks-o'mat-us). Of the nature of 
a myxoma. 
myxomycetes (miks"o-mi-se'tez), pl. [Gr. pv^a 
mucus + pvKrjs fungus]. A group of fungus-like 
organisms, now recognized as belonging to the 
animal kingdom. 
myxomyoma (miks-o-mi-o'mah). A myoma that 
has undergone mucous degeneration. 
myxoneuroma (miks"o-nu-ro'mah). Myxoma 
blended with neuroma. 
myxoneurosis (miks"o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. pb^a mucus 
4- neurosis]. A neurosis characterized by deranged 
mucous secretion, m. intestina'lis, an intes- 
tinal neurosis marked by the passage of mucous 
shreds in the stools. 
MYXONEUROSIS MYXOPAPILLOMA 
719 
NANOCORMIA 
myxopapilloma (miks"o-pap-il-o'mah). Myxoma 
combined with papilloma. 
myxopod (miks'o-pod) [Gr. pb^a mucus + scobs 
foot]. An amebula; the youngest stage of a ma- 
larial parasite living within the red blood-cor- 
puscles. Some become sporocytes, others gameto- 
cytes. 
myxopoiesis (mik"so-poi-e'sis) [Gr. pb^a mucus + 
Troleiv to make]. The formation of mucus. 
myxorrhea (miks-o-re'ah) [Gr. pb^a mucus + 
polo. flow]. Blennorrhea. 
myxosarcoma (miks"o-sar-ko'mah). A sarcoma 
containing mucous elements. 
myxosarcomatous (miks"o-sar-ko'mat-us). Re- 
lating to or affected with myxosarcoma. 
myxospore (miks'o-spor) [Gr. pv^a mucus + 
asropos se^d], A spore embedded in a jelly-like 
mass. 
Myxosporidia (miks"o-spo-rid'e-ah) [Gr. pb^a 
mucus +. sporidia]. An order of endoparasitic 
ameboid sporozoa, many species of which in- 
fest insects, fishes, and animals. Myxosporidian 
infestation of the human subject is said to occur, 
myzesis (mi-ze'sis) [Gr. pb^eiv to suck]. Sucking. 
Myzomyia (mi-zo-mi'e-ah). A genus of anopheline 
mosquitos, several species of which act as the 
carriers of malarial parasites. M. Junes'la, an 
African species. M. superpic'ta, an Old World 
species, which serves as the intermediate host of 
Filaria immites. M. culicifa'cies, M. ros'si, and 
M. turkhu'di are found in India. 
Myzorhynchus (mi-zo-ring'kus). A genus of an- 
opheline mosquitos, several species of which act as 
the carriers of malarial parasites. M. barbiros'tris, 
a species which transmits malaria and filariasis in 
the Orient. M. pal'udis, an African species. M. 
pseudopic'tus, a European species. M. sinen'sis, 
a Japanese species. 
N 
N. r. Abbreviation for nasal and North Pole. 2. 
Chemical symbol for nitrogen. This symbol is also 
used as a prefix to denote combination with the 
nitrogen atom of organic compounds. 
n. 1. The symbol for index of refraction. 2. A 
chemical symbol for normal. 
N. A. Abbreviation for numeric aperture. 
Na [L. na'trium sodium]. Symbol for sodium. 
N. A. B. Abbreviation for novarsenobillon. 
Nabalus al'bus (nab'al-us). A composite-flowered 
plant; also its homeopathic preparation. 
Na2B4O7 + roH2O. Borax. 
nabothian (na-bo'the-an). Described by or named 
in honor of Martin Naboth, a Saxon anatomist, 
1675-1721. See under cyst and follicle. 
NaBr. Sodium bromid. 
NaCl. Sodium chlorid. 
NaClO. Sodium hypochlorite. 
Na2CO3. Sodium carbonate. 
nacreous (nak're-us). Having a grayish-white, 
translucent color, with a pearl-like luster: said of 
bacterial colonies. 
N. A. D. Abbreviation for no appreciable disease. 
Naegeli's maneuver (na'ga-lez) [Otto Naegeli, 
Swiss physician, born 1871]. See maneuver. 
naehrsalz (nayFsahlz) [Ger. "nutrient salt"]. A 
proprietary mixture of sodium phosphate and am- 
monium phosphate: used as a blood nutrient and 
purifier. 
nsevoid, naevus, etc. (ne'void, ne'vus). See ne- 
void, nevus, etc. 
naftalan (naf'tal-an). A rectified petrolatum from 
Russian petroleum, containing about 3 per cent, 
of a hard soap. It is antiseptic, and is used as a 
vehicle in external medication. 
nagana (na-gah'nah). A disease of horses and 
cattle of Central Africa, due to the presence of 
the parasite, Trypanoso'ma bru'cei. The parasite 
is conveyed to the animals by the bite of the 
tsetse-fly, Glossi'na mor'sitans, and other species of 
Glossina. Called also tsetse disease. 
Nagel's test (nah'gelz) [Wilhelm Nagel, German 
physiologist, born 1870]. See under tests. 
Nagele's obliquity, pelvis, etc. (na'ge-lez) [Franz 
Karl Ndgele, German obstetrician, 1777-1851]. See 
obliquity, pelvis, etc. 
nagphani (nahg-fan'e) [East Indian], The East 
Indian name of a cactus, Opun'tia dille'nii: the 
juice is purgative. 
NaHCO3. Sodium bicarbonate. 
NaHjPOi. Monosodium acid phosphate. 
Na>HPO4. Disodium acid phosphate. 
nail (nal). The horny dorsal plate on the distal 
phalanx of a finger or toe. The nail is made up 
of flattened epithelial scales developed from the 
stratum lucidum of the skin, n.-bed, the sur- 
face covered by a nail. n.-bound, the condition 
in which the nail of a horse's shoe is driven too near 
the sensitive structures: marked by lameness. 
Called also bind or tight-nailing, n.-culture. 
See culture, egg-shell n., a nail which has 
become thin and curved upward at its anterior 
edge, n.-fold, the fold of tissue around the base 
of the nail, fracture-n., a steel nail used to 
fasten together the fragments of a broken bone, 
hang-n., an agnail; a shred of epidermis at 
one side of a nail, hippocratic n. See hip- 
pocratic finger, under finger, ingrowing n., 
the overlapping of a nail by the flesh, n.-mat- 
rix, the nail-bed. parrot-beak n., a curvation 
of the finger-nail like that of a parrot's beak, 
reedy-n., a nail marked by longitudinal furrows, 
spoon n., depression of the central portion of 
the nail, with raising of the edges at the sides, 
n.-tread, injury of the sole of a horse's hoof 
from treading on a nail, turtle-back n., a 
nail greatly distorted, n.-wall, the skin that 
covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail. 
naja (nah'jah) [Arabic]. The cobra di capello, 
Na'ja tripu'dians, a venomous snake of India; 
also a homeopathic preparation of its venom. 
nalicin (nal'is-in). A proprietary local anesthetic 
for dental work. 
nambi-uvu (nam'be-u'vu). A disease of dogs in 
Brazil marked by icterus and bleeding from the ear 
and caused by a blood parasite, Rangelia Vitalii; 
called also bleeding ear and blood plague. 
nandhiroba (nand-he-ro'bah). A seed from a 
tree of South America, having emetic, purgative, 
and febrifuge properties. 
nanism (na'nizm) [L. na'nus dwarf]. Dwarfish- 
ness: marked undersize. Paltauf's n., nanism 
associated with lymphatism. symptomatic n., 
nanism with defective ossification, dentition, and 
sexual development. 
nanocephalia, nanocephaly (nan-o-sef-a'le-ah, 
na-no-sef'al-e). Abnormal smallness of the head. 
nanocephalous (na-no-sef'al-us) [Gr. vavos dwarf 
+ Ke<paXr) head]. Having a small head. 
nanocormia (na-no-ko/me-ah) [Gr. vavos dwarf 
+ kop/abs trunk].. Dwarfishness of the body or 
trunk. nanoid (na'noid) [Gr. vavos dwarf +. elbos form]. 
Dwarfish; resembling a dwarf. 
nanomelia (na-no-me'le-ah). Teratism or mon- 
strosity characterized by undersized limbs. 
nanomelous (na-nom'el-us). Having undersized 
legs and arms. 
nanomelus (na-nom'el-us) [Gr. vavos dwarf + 
pcXas limb]. A monster-fetus with undersized 
limbs. 
nanosoma, nanosomia (na-no-so'mah, na-no-so'- 
me-ah) [Gr. vavos dwarf + a&pa body], A dwarfish 
habit of body; nanism. 
nanosomus (na-no-so'mus) [Gr. vavos dwarf + 
rrwpa body]. A person of dwarfish stature and size; 
a dwarf. 
nanons (na'nus). Dwarfish; stunted. 
nanukayami (nah-nu-kah-yah'me). Seven-day 
fever; a fever with symptoms resembling those of 
Weil's disease, occurring in Japan, caused by 
Spirochceta hebdomadis, the host of which is prob- 
ably the field mouse, Microtus montebelli. 
nanus (na'nus) [L.; Gr. vavos]. 1. A dwarf. 2. 
Dwarfed or dwarfish; stunted. 
NaOH. Sodium hydroxid. 
nape (nap). The back or scruff of the neck. 
napellin (na-pel'in) [L. napel'lus aconite]. An anal- 
gesic alkaloid, C26H35NO7(OH)<, from aconite. 
Dose, gr. (0.033-0.048 gm.). 
napha (na'fah) [L.]. Orange-flowers; flores aurantii. 
naphtalin (naf'tah-lin). Same as naphthalene. 
naphtalinum, naphthalinum (naf-tah-li'num, 
naf-tha-li'num). Latin for naphthalene. 
naphtha (naf'thah) [L. from Arabic], 1. Crude 
petroleum; a colorless, inflammable oil derived 
from petroleum; also a light petroleum distillate. 
2. Any volatile, strong-smelling, and highly in- 
flammable liquid, n. ace'ti, ethyl acetate, n. 
salicin, a proprietary disinfectant solution of 
salicylic acid, borax, and naphthol, n. vitri'oli, 
ethylic ether, wood-n., methyl alcohol. 
naphthalan (naf'thal-an). A black, unctuous sub- 
stance obtained by the distillation of Armenian 
naphtha. It is used as an antiphlogistic and para- 
siticide in burns, skin diseases, etc. 
naphthalene, naphthalin (naf'thal-en, -naf'- 
thal-in) [L. naphthali'num]. A silvery, crystalline 
hydrocarbon, C10Hg, from coal-tar oil. It is insol- 
uble in cold water, but soluble in hot water, alco- 
hol, ether, chloroform, and benzene. It is used as 
an antiseptic in diarrhea of typhoid fever, and lo- 
cally in pruritus, scabies, etc. Dose, 2-10 gr. 
(0.133-0.66 gm.). 
naphthalol (naf'thal-ol). Same as betol. 
naphthamin (naf'tham-in). Hexamethylenamin. 
naphthionic acid (naf-the-on'ik). See under acid. 
naphthocresol (naf-tho-kre'sol). A brown anti- 
septic fluid. 
naphthoform (naf'tho-form). A compound of 
beta-naphthol and formaldehyd: used as an anti- 
septic in skin diseases. 
naphthoformin (naf-tho-for'min). An antiseptic 
powder, being a compound of alpha- and beta- 
naphthol with formaldehyd and ammonia. 
naphthol (naf'thol). A crystalline, antiseptic sub- 
stance, C10H7.OH, from coal-tar, occurring in 
two forms: alpha-naphthol and beta-naphthol, 
alpha-n. is a white or pinkish, crystalline com- 
pound, soluble in alcohol, ether, and hot water; 
slightly soluble in cold water. It is an anti- 
septic and antifermentative, and is used mainly 
in the arts. n.-aristol, beta-naphthol di- 
iodid, CieHeLOs: a yellow-green powder, used as 
an antiseptic wound dressing, beta-n. occurs in 
the form of colorless or pale-buff crystals, having the 
odor of carbolic acid. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, 
chloroform, oils, etc., and in 75 parts of boiling 
water and in 1000 parts of cold water. It is an 
antiseptic and parasiticide: used as an intestinal 
NANOID 
720 
antiseptic in typhoid fever and in a i per cent, 
solution or io per cent, ointment in eczema, psori- 
asis, and other skin diseases. Dose, 3-75 gr. 
(0.2-0.5 gm.), beta-n. benzoate, a whitish 
powder, C1()H7O.C7H5O: used as an intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.), beta-n. 
bismuth. See beta-naphthol bismuth, n.-cam- 
phor, one part of beta-naphthol fused with two 
parts of camphor: an antiseptic for use in tubercu- 
losis and in furunculosis. 
naphtholate (naf'tho-lat). A naphthol compound 
in which a base takes the place of hydrogen in the 
hydroxyl. 
naphthol-carboxylic acid. See under acid. 
naphtholism (naf'thol-izm). The toxic condition 
brought on by the excessive or continued use of 
naphthol. 
naphthoium, naphtolum (naf-tho'lum, naf-to'- 
lum). Latin for naphthol. 
naphthopyrin (naf-tho-pi'rin). A derivative of 
beta-naphthol: it is antiseptic. 
naphthoresorcin (naf"tho-re-sor/sin). A principle 
in transparent crystals derived from naphthol and 
resorcin. 
naphthosalicin (naf-tho-sal'is-in). A disinfectant 
compound of naphthol and salicylic acid. 
naphthosalol (naf-tho-sal'ol). Same as betol. 
naphthoxol (naf-thok'sol). A solution of naphthol 
in oxygenated water: antiseptic and deodorant. 
naphthyl (naf'thil). The radical, C10H7. n. alco- 
hol, naphthol. n. benzoate, benzonaphthol, n. 
lactate, lactol. n. phenol, naphthol, n. sali- 
cylate, betol. 
naphtol (naf'tol). Same as naphthol. 
naphtoxol (naf-tok'sol). A proprietary solution of 
naphthol in alcohol and hydrogen dioxid. 
napiform (na'pif-orm) [L. na'pus turnip -J for'ma 
shape]. Having the shape or form of a turnip. 
naprapath (nap'rap-ath). A person who practices 
naprapathy. 
naprapathy (nap-rap'ath-e) [Bohemian napravit to 
correct + Gr. irados disease]. A system of medi- 
cine which attributes all disease to disorder in the 
ligaments and connective tissue. 
narcein (nar'se-in) [Gr. vapK-q stupor]. A bitter, 
crystalline, hypnotic alkaloid, C23H29NO9, from 
opium: slightly soluble in water and alcohol. It 
is used as a hypnotic like morphin, and is said not 
to cause constipation. Dose, gr. (0.008- 
0.033 gm.), n. hydrochlorate, a salt in white 
needles, C23H29NO9.HC1: soluble in boiling water, 
slightly so in cold. It is hypnotic, sedative, ano- 
dyne, etc. Dose, £-3 gr. (0.01-0.2 gm.), n. me- 
conate, a salt in pale-yellow crystals. Hypoder- 
mic dose, gr. (0.006-0.04 gm.). 
narcisistic (nar-sis-is'tik). Marked by narcism. 
narcism, narcissism (nar'sizm, nar-sis'izm) [from 
Narcissus, a character in Greek mythology who 
fell in love with his own image reflected in 
water]. Sexual excitement through admiration of 
one's own body; sexual attraction toward oneself. 
narcissin (nar-sis'in). An alkaloid from the bulb 
of daffodil, Narcissus. 
narco-anesthesia (nar"ko-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
rapier] stupor + anesthesia]. Anesthesia by the pro- 
duction of a stuporous condition by the hypo- 
dermic injection of scopolamin and morphin. 
narcofin (nar'ko-fin). A proprietary double salt 
of morphin and narcotin: used like morphin. 
narcohypnia (nar-ko-hip'ne-ah) [Gr. rapier] stupor 
+ v-kvos sleep]. Numbness felt on waking from 
sleep. 
narcolepsy (nar'ko-lep-se) [Gr. rapier] stupor -f- 
\ap(3avetv to seize], A condition marked by an 
uncontrollable desire for sleep occurring at inter- 
vals. Called also paroxysmal sleep and sleep 
epilepsy. 
NARCOLEPSY NARCOMANIA 
721 
NATRIUM 
narcomania (nar-ko-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. vapKr) stupor 
+ pavla madness], 1. An insane desire for nar- 
cotics. 2. Alcoholic insanity. 
narcomaniac (nar-ko-ma'ne-ak). One who is 
affected with narcomania. 
narcophin (nar'ko-fin). Narcofin. 
narcosis (nar-ko'sis) [Gr. vapKawts]. A state of 
profound unconsciousness produced by a drug, 
insufflation n. See insufflation anesthesia, 
under anesthesia, medullary n., spinal cocain- 
ization. Nussbaum's n., general narcosis by 
the use of ether or chloroform after an injection of 
morphin. 
narcosomania (nar-ko-so-ma'ne-ah). An insane or 
pathological craving for narcosis. 
narcostimulant (nar-ko-stim'u-lant). Having 
both narcotic and stimulant properties. 
narcotic (nar-kot'ik) [L. narcot'icus}. 1. Producing 
sleep or stupor. 2. Any drug that produces sleep 
or stupor and at the same time relieves pain. 
narcoticism (nar-kot'is-izm). Same as narcotism. 
narcotico-acrid (nar-kot"ik-o-ak'rid). Both acrid 
and narcotic. 
narcotico-irritant (nar-kot"ik-o-ir'it-ant). Both 
narcotic and irritant. 
narcotile (nar'ko-til). Methylethylene bichlorid, 
a colorless, transparent, and inflammable liquid: 
used as a general anesthetic. 
narcotin (nar'ko-tin). A crystalline alkaloid, C22- 
H23NO7, from opium. It is used as an antipyretic 
and tonic, and has no narcotic effects. Dose, 1-3 
gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.); hypnotic dose, 3^-15 gr. 
(0.25-1 gm.). 
narcotism (nar'kot-izm). A condition of stupor 
or sleep produced by a drug. 
narcotize (nar'kot-Iz). To put under the influence 
of a narcotic. 
narcyl (nar'sil). Ethylnarcein hydrochlorate: used 
as a general analgesic. Dose, 1 gr. (0.066 gm.). 
nard (nard). See spikenard, n. Celtic, Valeria'na 
cel'tica and V. saliun'ca, Alpine plants of Europe: 
valued locally as a medicine and perfume. 
Naregamia (nah-re-ga'me-ah) [L.]. 1. A genus of 
meliaceous plants. 2. The root of N. ala'ta, of the 
East Indies: emetic and used like ipecac. Dose of 
tincture, 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.). 
naregamin (nah-rej'am-in). An amorphous alka- 
loid from naregamia: used like emetin; expectorant 
and emetic. 
nargol (nar'gol). A therapeutic preparation of 
silver and nucleic acid, containing 10 per cent, 
of metallic silver. It is employed in 0.25-1 per cent, 
solution in gonorrhea; in 5 per cent, solution in 
conjunctivitis, and as a 10 per cent, ointment for 
burns, ulcers, etc. 
naringin (nar-in'jin). A crystalline glucosid, C21- 
H26Ou-|-4H2O, from the flowers of the shaddock, 
Cit'rus decuma'na. 
naris (na'ris), pl. na'res [L.]. A nostril, especially the 
anterior naris [B N A], anterior n., a nostril 
proper, posterior n., either one of the posterior 
openings of the nasal fossae. 
narkine (nar'kin). A proprietary opium prepara- 
tion. 
narphoquin (nar'fo-kwin). A proprietary narcotin- 
morphin lactate with quinin and urea hydrochlorid: 
used as an analgesic. Called also amnesin. 
narry (nar'e). A stomach disease of the Mongols, 
due to excessive use of alcoholic drinks. 
nasal (na'zal) [L. nasa'lis}. Pertaining to the nose. 
nascent (nas'ent) [L. nas'cens}. 1. Just born; just 
coming into existence. 2. Just liberated from a 
chemic combination. 
nasio-iniac (na"ze-o-in'e-ak). Pertaining to the 
nasion and the inion. 
nasion (na'ze-on) [L. na'sus nose]. The middle 
point of the frontonasal suture. 
nasitis (naz-i'tis) [L. na'sus nose]. Inflammation of 
the nose. 
Nasmyth's membrane (nas'miths) [Alexander 
Nasmyth, Scotch dental surgeon in London, died 
1847]. See membrane. 
naso-antral (na-zo-an'tral). Pertaining to the 
nose and the maxillary antrum. 
naso-antritis (na"zo-an-tri'tis). Inflammation of 
the nose and antrum of Highmore. 
nasobronchial (na-zo-brong'ke-al). Pertaining to 
the nasal cavities and the bronchi. 
nasociliary (na-zo-sil'e-a-re). Affecting the eyes, 
brow, and root of the nose. 
nasofrontal (na-zo-fron'tal). Pertaining to the 
nasal and frontal bones. 
nasolabial (na-zo-la'be-al) [L. na'sus nose + la'bium 
lip]. Pertaining to the nose and lip. 
nasolabialis (na"zo-la-be-a'lis) [L.]. See muscles, 
table of. 
nasolacrimal (na-zo-lak'rim-al). Pertaining to 
the nose and lacrimal apparatus. 
nasomanometer (na"zo-man-om'et-er). A manom- 
eter for measuring the degree of permeability of 
the nostril. 
nasonnement (na-zaw-maw/) [Fr.]. A nasal qual- 
ity of voice. 
nasopalatine (na-zo-pal'at-in) [L. na'sus nose + 
pala'tum palate]. Pertaining to the nose and 
palate. 
nasopharyngeal (na"zo-far-in'je-al). Pertaining 
to the nasopharynx. 
nasopharyngitis (na"zo-far-in-ji'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the nasopharynx. 
nasopharynx (na-zo-far'inks) [L. na'sus nose + 
pharynx}. The part of the pharynx above the soft 
palate. See pharynx. 
nasorostral (na-zo-ros'tral). Pertaining to the 
rostrum of the nose. 
nasoscope (na'zo-skop) [L. na'sus nose 4- Gr. 
vKOireiv to examine]. An electrically lighted in- 
strument for inspecting the nasal cavity. 
nasoseptal (na-zo-sep'tal). Pertaining to the nasal 
septum. 
nasoseptitis (na"zo-sep-ti'tis). Inflammation of 
the nasal septum. 
nasosinuitis, nasosinusitis (na"zo-si-nu-i'tis, 
na"zo-si-nu-si'tis). Inflammation of the accessory 
sinuses of the nose. 
nasoturbinal (na-zo-ter'bin-al). Pertaining to the 
nose and turbinate bone. 
nasrol (naz'rol). Same as symphorol. 
nastin (nas'tin) [Gr. vaarbs solid]. A fatty sub- 
stance from cultures of the streptothrix of leprosy; 
said to produce active immunity against leprosy. 
Cf. tuberculonastin. 
nasus (na'sus) [L.]. The nose. n. exter'nus, the 
external nose. 
natal (na'tal). 1. [L. na'tus birth.] Pertaining to 
birth. 2. [L. na'tes buttocks.] Pertaining to the 
buttocks. 
Natal boil, sore (na'tal). See furunculus ori- 
entalis. 
natality (na-tal'it-e) [L. nata'lis pertaining to 
birth]. The birth-rate in any community. 
nataloin (na-tal'o-in). An aloin, CMH28Oti, de- 
rived from Natal aloes. 
nates (na'tez) [L.]. The buttocks; also the two- 
superior and anterior-prominences of the corpora 
quadrigemina. 
natimortality (na"tim-or-tal'it-e) [L. na'tus birth 
+ 'mortality]. The proportion of still-births to the 
general birth-rate; called also still-birth rate. 
natri (nah'tre). The leaves and shoots of Sola'num 
cris'pum, S. guga'num, and S. tomatil'lo, a pop- 
ular remedy in Chili for measles and scarlatina. - 
natrium (na'tre-um). Latin for sodium. NATRON 
722 
NECROSIS 
natron (na'tron). Native sodium carbonate; also 
soda or sodium oxid. 
natrum (na'trum). Latin for sodium. 
natuary (nat'u-a-re) [L. na'tus birth], A ward for 
women during childbirth. 
natural (nat'u-ral) [L. natura'lis, from natu'ra 
nature]. Neither artificial nor pathologic. 
nauclein (naw'kle-in). An alkaloid, C21H28N2O4, 
from Nau'clea excel'sa, a Japanese plant: used as a 
remedy for the opium habit. 
Nauheim treatment (naw'him). See treatment. 
naupathia (naw-pa'the-ah, naw-pa-the'ah) [Gr. 
vavs ship 4- nados suffering]. Sea-sickness. 
nausea (naw'se-ah) [L.; Gr. vavaia sea-sickness]. 
Tendency to vomit; sickness at the stomach, 
creatic n., abnormal aversion to flesh as food, 
n. gravida'rum, the morning-sickness of preg- 
nancy. n. mari'na, sea-sickness, n. nava'lis, 
sea-sickness. 
nauseant (naw'se-ant). i. Inducing nausea. 2. 
An agent which causes nausea. 
nauseate (naw'se-at). To affect with nausea. 
nauseous (naw'se-us). Producing nausea or dis- 
gust. 
navel (na'vel). The umbilicus, n.-ill. See om- 
phalophlebitis (2). n.-string, the umbilical cord. 
navicula (na-vik'u-lah) [L.]. Fossa navicularis. 
navicular (na-vik'u-Iar) [L. navic'ula boat]. 1. 
Boat shaped. 2. The scaphoid bone of the carpus 
or of the tarsus. 
navicularthritis (na-vik"u-lar-thri'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the navicular joint of the horse's fore- 
foot. 
Nb. Symbol of niobium. 
N. C. A. Abbreviation for neurocirculatory asthenia. 
See asthenia. 
N. C. I. mixture or powder. See under powder. 
Nd. Symbol of neodymium. 
Ne. Symbol of neon. 
nealogy (ne-al'o-je) [Gr. peaX^s young + Xbyos 
treatise]. The study of the early infant stages of 
animals. 
near-point (ner'point). See under point. 
near-sight (ner'sit). Same as myopia. 
near-sighted (ner-sit'ed). Same as myopic. 
nearthrosis (ne-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. veos new + apdpov 
joint]. A false or artificial joint. 
nebenagglutinin (na"ben-ag-lu'tin-in) [Ger.]. A 
non-specific and collateral agglutinin. 
nebenkern (na'ben-kern) [Ger. "near nucleus"]. A 
name given to several structures of the cell, but 
especially to the paranucleus. 
nebula (neb'u-Iah) [L. "mist"]. 1. A slight corneal 
opacity. 2. Cloudiness in urine. 3. An oily prep- 
aration for use in an atomizer. 
nebulium (ne-bu'le-um) [L. neb'ula mist]. A 
hypothetical chemic element which exists in the 
nebulae of astronomic space. 
nebulization (neb"u-li-za'shun) [L. neb'ula mist]. 
1. Conversion into a spray. 2. Treatment by a 
spray. 
nebulizer (neb'u-li-zer). An atomizer; a device for 
throwing a spray. 
Necator americanus (ne-ka'tor am-er-ik-a'nus). 
The American hookworm, a nematode parasite, 
resembling but shorter and more slender than 
Ankylostoma duodenale. It is characterized by its 
buccal cavity containing four plates, four pharyn- 
geal lancets, and a dorsal conic tooth. Infection 
by this parasite produces the disease ankylosto- 
miasis. Called also Ankylostoma americanum and 
Uncinaria americana. See also ankylostomiasis. 
neck (nek). 1. The part between the head and thorax. 
2. The part near the extremity of an organ or bone, 
anatomic n., the constriction of the humerus 
just below the proximal articular surface. Der- 
byshire n. See goiter, limber n., a disease of 
chickens in which they remain quiet, refuse to eat, 
develop weakness of the neck, wings, and legs, and 
die in a day or two. It is probably a form of 
botulism. Madelung's n., a neck affected with 
diffuse lipoma. Nithsdale n., goiter. surgical 
n., the constricted part of the humerus below the 
tuberosities, n. of a tooth, the narrowed part 
of a tooth between the crown and the root. n. of 
the womb, the cervix uteri. 
necrectomy (ne-krek'to-me) [Gr. veKpbs dead -f- 
eK-ropr) excision]. The cutting away of necrosed 
material. 
necremia, necrsemia (nek-re'me-ah) [Gr. veKpbs 
dead + aipa blood]. Loss of vitality of the blood. 
necrobacillosis (nek"ro-bas-il-o'sis). Any disease 
of animals caused by Bacillus necrophorus. 
necrobiosis (nek"ro-bi-o'sis) [Gr. veKpbs dead body 
+ /Stwais life]. Progressive degeneration and 
death of a tissue. 
necrobiotic (nek"ro-bi-ot'ik). Necrotic. 
necrocytosis (nek"ro-si-to'sis) [Gr. veKpbs dead + 
kvtos cell]. Death and decay of cells. 
necrocytotoxin (nek"ro-si-to-toks'in). A toxin 
that produces death of cells. 
necrogenic (nek-ro-jen'ik) [Gr. veKpbs corpse 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Having origin in dead matter. 
necrogenous (nek-roj'en-us). Necrogenic. 
necrologic (nek-ro-loj'ik). Pertaining to a necrol- 
ogy. 
necrologist (ne-krol'o-jist). An expert in necrol- 
ogy. 
necrology (ne-krol'o-je) [Gr. veKpbs dead body 4- 
Xbyos discourse]. The statistics or records of 
deaths. 
necromania (nek-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. veKpbs dead + 
pavLa madness]. A morbid or insane pleasure in 
death or dead persons. 
necrometer (ne-krom'et-er) [Gr. veKpbs corpse 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the organs of the dead body. 
necronectomy (nek-ro-nek'to-me) [Gr. veKpbs dead 
+ eKTopy excision]. The excision of necrotic ossi- 
cles or of any other necrotic part. 
necroparasite (nek-ro-par'as-it) [Gr. veKpbs dead 
+ parasite]. An organism which flourishes in 
dead rather than in living tissue; a saprophyte. 
necrophagous (nek-rof'ag-us) [Gr. veKpbs dead 4- 
(payerto eat]. Devouring or subsisting on dead 
bodies. 
necrophilism (nek-rof'il-izm) [Gr. veKpbs dead body 
+ <piXeiv to love]. Insane love for dead bodies: 
sexual intercourse with a dead body; in some cases 
it becomes a form of sexual perversion. 
necrophilous (nek-rof'il-us). Living on dead tis- 
sues. 
necrophily (nek-rof'il-e). Necrophilism. 
necrophobia (nek-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. veKpbs dead 4- 
<pb^os fear], i. Insane or morbid fear of death. 
2. Morbid dread of dead bodies. 
necropneumonia (nek"ro-nu-mo'ne-ah) [Gr. veKpbs 
dead + irvebuov lung]. Gangrene of the lung. 
necropsy (nek'rop-se) [Gr. veKpbs dead + o^rs 
view]. A postmortem examination; autopsy. 
necropyoculture (nek-ro-pi'o-kul-tshur) [Gr. 
veKpos dead + irvov pus + culture], A pyoculture 
in which the leukocytes of the pus have been killed. 
necrosadism (nek-ro-sa'dism). [Gr. veKpbs dead 
+ sadism}. Mutilation of a corpse for the purpose 
of exciting or gratifying sexual feelings. 
necroscopy (ne-kros'ko-pe) [Gr. veKpbs corpse 4- 
OKOTretv to view]. A postmortem examination. 
necrose (nek'ros). To be necrotic or become af- 
fected with necrosis. 
necrosis (ne-kro'sis) [Gr. veKpoxrts deadnessl. 
Death of a circumscribed portion of tissue. Bal- NECROSPERMIA 
723 
set's fatty n., gangrenous pancreatitis with 
omental bursitis and disseminated patches of 
necrosis of the fatty tissues, caseous n., 
cheesy necrosis, central n., that which af- 
fects the central portion of a bone, cheesy n., 
tuberculous necrosis, as of the lung, with the 
formation of a cheesy deposit, coagulation-n., 
necrosis of a portion of some organ or tissue, with 
the formation of fibrous infarcts, in which a rela- 
tively small part seems to have been deprived of the 
afflux of blood by the plugging of its vessels with 
coagula. colliquative n., liquefactive n., 
necrosis in an organ marked by the collection of a 
fluid exudate, dental n., non-molecular decay 
of a tooth, dry n., that in which the dead bone 
becomes dry. embolic n., -coagulation-necrosis 
of an anemic infarct following embolism, fat-n., 
necrosis of the fatty tissue in small white areas, 
focal n., the presence of small foci of necrosis 
often seen in the course of an infection, icteric 
n., necrosis of the liver in icterus, liquefac- 
tion n., colliquative necrosis, mercurial n., 
a form due to mercurial poisoning, moist n., 
that in which the dead bone becomes wet and 
soft. mummification n., dry gangrene, 
phosphorus-n., necrosis of the upper jaw- 
bone due to exposure to the fumes of phosphorus, 
n. progre'diens, progressive sloughing, pro- 
gressive emphysematous n., gas phlegmon. 
See phlegmon, simple n., degeneration of the 
protoplasm and nucleus of the cells of a tissue 
without change in the appearance of the tissue, 
superficial n., that which affects the outer 
layers only of a bone, syphilitic n., necrosis 
of a bone caused by syphilis, total n., that 
which affects all parts of a bone. n. ustil- 
agin'ea, dry gangrene from ergot-poisoning. 
Zenker's n., Zenker's degeneration. 
necrospermia (ne-kro-sper'me-ah). The presence 
of a urethral discharge in which the spermatozoa 
are non-motile. 
necrotic (ne-krot'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with necrosis. 
necrotomy (ne-krot'o-me) [Gr. vexpbs corpse + 
Tepve.u> to cut]. The dissection of a dead body; 
also the excision of a sequestrum, osteoplastic 
n., removal of a sequestrum from a bone after 
first lifting a flap of the bone, which is replaced 
after the operation. 
Nectandra (nek-tan'drah) [Gr. v'enrap nectar + 
avrip man, anther]. See bebeeru. 
nectrianin (nek-tri'an-in). An extractive from the 
fungus of tree-cancer, Necftria ditis'sima. It is in- 
jected for cancer. 
needle (ne'dl) [L. a'cus}. A sharp instrument for 
sewing or puncturing, aneurysm n., a needle 
with a handle: used in ligating blood-vessels, 
artery n., aspirating n., a long, hollow needle 
for removing fluid from a cavity, cataract- 
n., a needle for use in removing a cataract. 
Deschamp's n., one with the eye near the 
point: used in ligation of deep-seated arteries, 
dipping-n., a magnetic needle so hung that 
it can move freely in a vertical plane, discis- 
sion n., a special form of cataract-needle. 
Emmet's n., a strong, curved needle set in 
a handle and having an eye in its point, ex- 
ploring n., a flattened and grooved needle to 
be thrust into a part where fluid is believed to 
exist. Hagedorn's n's, surgical needles which 
are flat from side to side, and have a straight cut- 
ting-edge near the point and a large eye. harelip 
n., a cannula introduced by a trocar through 
the lips of the wound in harelip operation, a figure- 
of-8 suture being applied over the cannula, hypo- 
dermic n., a form of hollow needle used in in- 
jecting medicines beneath the skin, knife- 
n., a slender knife with a needle-like point: 
used in discission of a cataract, ligature n., 
a slender steel needle having an eye in its curved 
end, used for passing a ligature underneath an 
artery. Reverdin n., a surgeon's needle having 
an eye which can be opened and closed by means of 
a slide, stop-n., a needle with a shoulder that 
prevents it from being plunged in more than a 
certain distance. 
needling (ned'ling). Discission or puncture, chiefly 
of a cataract, with a needle. 
neencephalon (ne-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. veos new + 
eyKetpaXr) brain]. The new brain; the cerebral 
cortex and its dependencies. 
Neftel's disease (nef-telz') [William Basil Neftel, 
American physician of Russian birth, 1830-1906]. 
See under disease. 
negativism (neg'at-iv-izm). A morbid propensity 
in a patient to do the opposite of what he is directed 
to do. 
negatoscope (neg'at-o-skop). An apparatus for 
showing radiographic negatives. 
Negri bodies (na'gre) [Adelchi Negri, Italian physi- 
cian, 1876-1912]. See under body. 
Neisser's coccus (ni'serz) [Albert Ludwig Sieg- 
mund Neisser, German physician, 1855-1916]. 
Micrococcus gonorrhoea. 
Neisser's stain (ni'serz) [Max Neisser, German 
bacteriologist, born 1869]. See under stain. 
neisserbacterin (nis-er-bak'ter-in). See bacterial 
vaccine, under vaccine. 
Neisseria (nls-e're-ah) [Albert L. S. Neisser, physi- 
cian in Breslau, 1855-1916, the discoverer of 
the gonococcus], A genus of Coccacea made up 
of biscuit-shaped hemispheres with the flattened 
sides adjacent. They are Gram-negative, non- 
motile and very strictly parasitic. N. al'bicans, 
a non-motile, species from the vaginal secretion, 
often in groups; it is much larger than the gono- 
coccus, which it resembles. N. babe'sii, a 
pathogenic species composed of flattened cocci 
girdled with a yellowish zone: from the blood, red 
blood-corpuscles, and flesh of cattle with epidemic 
hemoglobinuria. N. catarrha'lis, a Gram- 
negative coccus found in the nasopharynx cf 
healthy persons as well as persons suffering from 
colds and other respiratory affections. At times 
it excites catarrhal inflammation and pneumonia 
and has occurred as a secondary invader in influ- 
enza. N. cit'rea, a non-motile species from the 
dus of gonorrhea and from the dust of air; forming 
coherent masses of tetrads; it produces a lemon- 
hued pigment. N. edinto'nii, a non-pathogenic 
and non-motiie species found in the blood and 
desquamated epidermis of scarlatina. The cocci 
are hyaline. N. fla'va liquefa'ciens tar'da, a 
non-motile and non-pathogenic form from the 
skin in seborrhea; it produces a sulphur-yellow or 
yellowish-green pigment. N. franklandio'rum, 
a non-motile species from soil. N. gonorrhoe'ae, 
the specific cause of gonorrhea. It is found par- 
ticularly inside the pus-cells from the genital tract 
and the eye. They are Gram-negative biscuit- 
shaped organisms with the flattened sides ad- 
jacent. Called also Micrococcus gonorrhoece, gono- 
coccus, Diplococcus of Neisser, Diplococcus gonor- 
rhcece. N. intracellula'ris. Same as V. menin- 
gitidis. N. lac'tea, a non-pathogenic species from 
sputum and from vaginal secretions. N. lys'sae, a 
hyaline species from the brain and spinal cord in 
rabies. N. meningit'idis, the microorganism 
which causes epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. It 
is also known as meningococcus, Diplococcus intra-- 
cellular is meningitidis, Micrococcus meningitidis, 
Micrococcus weichselbaumii, and Streptococcus men- 
ingitidis. N. miche'li, a species somewhat like 
the gonococcus, derived from the follicles of tra- 
choma, of which disease it is the cause. N. 
petechia'lis, a species from the blood and 
petechiae of typhus fever. N. pharyn'gis sic'ci, 
a species found in the muc®us membrane of the 
respiratory tract. N. rebel'lis, a species from the 
follicles of trachoma. N. rosacea, a non- 
pathogenic species from the air. N. ro'sea, a 
non-pathogenic and non-motile species from the air, 
NEISSERIA ' producing a rose-red pigment. N. subfla'va, a 
non-motile species from the healthy urethra and 
from vaginal secretions and lochia. Subcutane- 
ously _ injected it causes large abscesses. N. 
tardis'sima, a nearly non-motile species from 
urethral pus. N. weichselbaum'ii. Same as 
. Neisseria intracellularis. N. winck'lori, a spe- 
. cies in hyaline diplococci from beriberi. 
hJeisser-Doering phenomenon (ni"ser-de'ring) 
. [Ernst Neisser, German physician, born 1863; 
Hans Doering, German physician, born 1871]. See 
under phenomenon. 
Neisser-Wechsberg phenomenon (ni"ser-veks'- 
; berg) [Max Neisser, German bacteriologist, born 
1869; Friedrich Wechsberg, German physician]. 
See deviation of the complement. 
neisserosis (nls-er-o'sis). Gonorrhea. 
neko (ne'ko). A proprietary antiseptic derived from 
coal-tar. 
nekro-. For words beginning thus see those be- 
ginning necro-. 
Nelaton's catheter, line, probe, etc. (na-lah- 
tawz') [Auguste Nelaton, French surgeon, 1807- 
1873]. See catheter, line, probe, etc. 
nelavan (nel'ah-van). The African lethargy, or 
sleeping disease. See Congo trypanosomiasis, under 
trypanosomiasis. 
nem (nem) [term coined from initial letters of 
Nahrungs Einheit Milch (nutritional unit milk)]. 
. The unit of nutrition in Pirquet's system of feeding, 
equivalent to the nutritive value of 1 gm. of breast 
milk. 
nematelminth, nemathelminth (nem-at-el'- 
minth, nem-ath-el'minth) [Gr. vfjpa thread + 
eXpcvs worm], A nematode worm. 
Nematelminthes, Nemathelminthes (nem-at- 
♦ el-min'thez). The phylum of round worms. It in- 
cludes Acanthocephala, Gordiacea, and Nematoda. 
nematelminthiasis, nemathelminthiasis 
• (nem-at-el-min-thi'as-is). Infestation by nema- 
todes or round worms. 
nematoblast (nem'at-o-blast) [Gr. vfjpa thread 4- 
pXaarbs germ]. Same as spermatoblast. 
Nematocera (nem-at-os'er-ah) [Gr. vfjpa thread 4- 
Kepas horn], A suborder of Diptera, comprising 
the gnats, mosquitos, midges, crane-flies, gall-flies, 
etc. 
nematocide (nem'at-o-sid) [nematoid 4- L. coldere 
. to kill]. 1. Destructive to nematoid worms. 2. 
An agent which destroys nematodes. 
Nematoda, Nematodes, Nematoidea (nem- 
at-o'dah, -o'des, -oi'de-ah) [Gr. vfjpa thread 4- 
el8os form]. An order of the Nemathelmintes. It 
includes the following very important families 
parasitic in man:. Agniostomidae, Anguillulidae, 
• Ascaridae. Filaridae, Gnathostomidae, Mermithidae, 
Strongylidae. and Trichinellidae. 
nematode, nematoid (nem'at-6d, nem'at-oid). 
1. Like a thread. 2. Any endoparasite or species 
belonging to the Nematoda. 
nematodiasis (nem"at-o-di'as-is). Infestation by 
a nematode parasite. 
nematospermia (nem"at-o-sper'me-ah) [Gr. vfjpa 
[ thread 4- airbppa sperm]. Spermatozoa having 
elongated tails. 
Nencki's test (nents'kez) [Marcellus von Nencki, 
Polish physician, 1847-1901]. See under tests. 
neo- [Gr. veos new]. A prefix signifying new. 
neo-antiluetin (ne"o-an-te-lu'et-in). Antimony 
hydrargyrate, a combination of liletin with neutral 
sulphonic acid, sodium salicylate, and mercury. 
neo-arsphenamin (ne"o-ars-fen-am'in). Neosal- 
varsan made in America. See neosalvarsan. 
neo-arsycodil (ne"o-ar-sik-o'dil). See arrhenal. 
neo-arthrosis (ne"o-ar-thro'sis). Same as near- 
throsis. 
neocerebellum (ne"o-ser-e-bel'um). The more 
N EISSER-DOERI NG 
724 
recently developed part of the cerebellum, com- 
prising the lateral lobes. Cf. paleocerebellum. 
neocinchophen (ne-o-sin'ko-fen). A pale yellow, 
odorless and tasteless powder, the ethyl ester of 
methyl-phenyl-quinolin-carboxylic acid, CH3.C9- 
H4N.C6H5.CO2.C2H5: used like cinchophen. 
neocyte (ne'o-slt) [Gr. veos new 4- kotos cell]. An 
immature form of leukocyte. 
neocytosis (ne"o-si-to'sis). The presence of neo- 
cytes or immature form of leukocytes in the blood. 
neodermin (ne-o-der'min) [Gr. veos new + Seppa 
skin], A vulnerary ointment containing fluor- 
pseudocumol. 
neodiarsenol (ne"o-di-ar'sen-ol). A Canadian made 
substitute for neosalvarsan. 
neodymium (ne-o-dim'e-um). A rare element of 
atomic weight 144.3; symbol, Nd. 
neo-encephalon (ne"o-en-sef'al-on). Neenceph- 
alon. 
neoferrum (ne-o-fer'um) A proprietary prepara- 
tion of maltopeptonate of iron and manganese with 
arsenic, maltine, and sherry wine. 
neofetal (ne-o-fe'tal). Pertaining to the neofetus, or 
to the eighth and ninth weeks of intra-uterine life. 
neofetus (ne-o-fe'tus). The embryo during the 
eighth and ninth weeks of intra-uterine life. 
neoform (ne'o-form). Basic tri-iodophenol bis- 
muth: used as a dusting-powder in ulcers, etc. 
neoformans-bacterin (ne-o-for"manz-bak/te-rin). 
See bacterial vaccine, under vaccine. 
neoformation (ne"o-for-ma'shun). A new-growth 
or neoplasm. 
neoformative (ne-o-for'mat-iv). Concerned in the 
formation of new tissue. 
neogala (ne-og'al-ah) [Gr. reos new 4- yaXa milk]. 
The first milk developed after childbirth. 
neogenesis (ne-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. veos new 4- yeveats 
production]. A form of regeneration that is slower 
than anagenesis. 
neogene tic (ne"o-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to neo- 
genesis. 
neohymen (ne-o-hi'men) [Gr. veos new 4- vpr)v 
membrane]. A false membrane. 
neokharsivan (ne-o-kar'siv-an). A British-made 
substitute for neosalvarsan. 
neokinetic (ne-o-kin-et'ik) [Gr. veos new + 
kivtjtikos pertaining to movement]. A term ap- 
plied to the nervous motor mechanism regulating 
voluntary muscular control. It is associated with 
the motor area of cerebral cortex, and receives its 
name because of the fact that it was developed 
more recently than the older paleokinetic system. 
Cf. paleokinetic. 
neologism (ne-ol'o-jizm) [Gr. veos new + Xbyos 
word]. The invention of new words; also a mean- 
ingless word uttered by an insane patient. 
neomembrane (ne-o-mem'bran). A false mem- 
brane. 
neomorph (ne'o-morf) [Gr. veos new 4- pop<prj 
form]. A recently acquired part or organ. 
neomorphism (ne-o-mor'fizm). Same as neomorph. 
neon (ne'on) [Gr. veos new]. An inert gaseous ele- 
ment discovered in the air in 1898; symbol, Ne; 
atomic weight, 20.2. 
neonatal (ne-o-na'tal) [Gr. veos new + L. na'tus 
born]. Pertaining to the newborn. 
neopallium (ne-o-pal'e-um) [Gr. veos new -I- L. 
pallium cloak]. The non-olfactory portion of the 
cerebral cortex; so called because it is of later de- 
velopment than the archipallium. Cf. ar chi pal- 
lium. 
neophobia (ne-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. veos new 4- 
<po/3os fear]. Insane dread of new things. 
neophrenia (ne-o-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. veos new 4- wqv 
mind]. Mental disorder occurring in early youth. 
neoplasia (ne-o-pla'ze-ah). The formation of a 
neoplasm. 
NEOPLASIA neoplasm (ne'o-plazm) [Gr. veos new + TrXaa pa 
formation]. Any new and abnormal formation, 
such as a tumor, infarct, or false membrane, his- 
toid n., any neoplasm whose structure resembles 
that of the tissues in which it is situated, or- 
ganoid n., a neoplasm whose structure resembles 
that of some organ of the body. 
neoplastic (ne-o-plas'tik). ' Pertaining to or like a 
neoplasm. 
neoplasty (ne'o-plas-te) [Gr. veos new + nXbaoecv 
to mold]. Plastic restoration of lost parts. 
neopyrenol (ne-o-pi'ren-ol). An expectorant, 
sedative, and antirheumatic preparation of thymol, 
benzoic acid, and sodium benzoate and oxyben- 
zoate. 
neopyrine (ne-o-pi'rin). Valerylamido-antipyrin, 
a white, crystalline compound, antipyretic and anti- 
neuralgic. 
neorobin (ne-o-ro'bin). A reduction product of 
goa powder: used as an ointment in psoriasis and 
dandruff. 
neo sal var san (ne-o-sal'var-san). Sodium diamino- 
dihydroxy arsenobenzene methanal sulphoxylate, 
NH2(OH). C6H3.As : As.C6H3(OH). NH.(CH2O)OS- 
Na: it is used like salvarsan, from which it differs in 
being neutral in reaction, less toxic, and more sol- 
uble. Called also " 914." 
neosidone (ne-o-si'don). A yellow powder, a com- 
bination of iodin and catechin: used as a non-irri- 
tating means of administering iodin. 
neosilvol (ne-o-sil'vol). A form of colloidal silver 
iodid: used as an antiseptic and germicide. 
Neosporidia (ne"o-spo-rid'e-ah) [Gr. veos new + 
airbpos seed]. A division of sporozoa in which 
growth and sporulation proceed together and 
simultaneously. 
neossin (ne-o'sin). A glucoprotein derived from 
edible birds' nests; also from Liebig's extract of 
beef. 
neostomy (ne-os'to-me) [Gr. veos new 4- arbpa 
mouth]. The operation of making an artificial 
opening into an organ or between two organs. 
neostriatum (ne-o-stri-a'tum) [Gr. veos new 4- 
striatum]. The more recently developed portion of 
the corpus striatum represented by the caudate 
nucleus and the putamen. Cf. paleostriatum. 
neothalamus (ne-o-thal'am-us) [Gr. veos new 4- 
thalamus]. New thalamus; the phylogenetically 
new part of the thalamus, i. e., the more lateral, 
cortical part. Cf. paleothalamus. 
neottin (ne'o-tin). A yellow powdered proprietary 
food consisting of nitrogen, albumin, lecithin, and 
phosphorus. 
nepenthe (ne-pen'the) [Gr.*^- neg. + irevOos grief]. 
A deodorized opium preparation. 
nepeta (nep'et-ah). Catnip. See cataria. 
nephelometer (nef-el-om'et-er) [Gr. veipeXq mist 4- 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for performing 
nephelometry. 
nephelometry (nef-el-om'et-re) [Gr. veipekq mist 
4- perpov measure]. A method of chemical and 
bacterial analysis made by measuring the bright- 
ness of light reflected by the particles in suspension 
in a tube. 
nephelopia (nef-el-o'pe-ah) [Gr. veipeXq cloud + 
eye]. Defect of vision from cloudiness of the 
cornea. 
nephradenoma (nef"rad-en-o'mah) [Gr. veippbs 
kidney 4- adenoma]. Adenoma of the kidney. 
nephralgia (nef-ral'je-ah) [Gr. veippbs kidney 4- 
&Xyos pain]. Pain in a kidney. 
nephralgic (nef-ral'jik). Characterized by pain 
in the region of the kidneys. 
nephrapostasis (nef-rap-os'tas-is) [Gr. veippbs 
kidney 4- air bar acres suppuration]. Abscess or 
suppurative inflammation of a kidney. 
nephratonia, nephratony (nef-rat-o'ne-ah, nef- 
NEOPLASM 
725 
rat'o-ne) [Gr. veippbs kidney + atony], Atony 
of the kidney. 
nephrauxe (nef-rawks'e) [Gr. veippbs kidney 4- 
av^q increase]. Enlargement of the kidney. 
nephrectasia (nef-rek-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
+ eKraacs distention]. Dilatation of a kidney. 
nephrectasis (nef-rek-ta'sis) [Gr. veippbs kidney '4- 
&ra«s distention]. Distention of the kidney; 
sacciform kidney. 
nephrectasy (nef-rek'tas-e). Nephrectasis. v 
nephrectomize (nef-rek'to-miz). To remove the 
kidney from. 
nephrectomy (nef-rek'to-me) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
+ eKropq excision]. Excision of the kidney, 
abdominal n., anterior n., nephrectomy 
through an incision in the abdominal wall, lum- 
bar n., nephrectomy through an incision in-the 
loin, paraperitoneal n., the surgical removal 
of a kidney by a cut through the side along the 
false rib. posterior n. Same as lumbar n. 
nephrelcosis (nef-rel-ko'sis) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney 4- 
eXxwais ulceration]. Ulceration of the kidney. 
nephremia (nef-re'me-ah) [Gr. veippbs kidney + 
alpa blood]. Congestion of the kidney. 
nephremphraxis (nef-rem-fraks'is) [Gr. veippbs 
kidney 4- ep<ppalps obstruction]. Obstruction of 
the vessels of the kidney. ' 
nephria (nef're-ah) [Gr. vetppbs kidney]. Bright's 
disease. 
nephric (nef'rik) [Gr. veippbs kidney]. Pertaining 
to the kidney. 
nephridium (nef-rid'e-um). The excretory organ 
of the embryo; the embryonic tube whence (he 
kidney is developed. 
nephrin (nef'rin). Same as cystin. 
nephrism (nef'rizm). Cachexia due to kidney 
disease. 
nephritic (nef-rit'ik) [Gr. veipptTiKos]. Pertaining 
to or affected with nephritis. 
nephritides (nef-rit'id-ez). The plural of nephri- 
tis; a general term for the varieties of nephritis.' 
nephritis (nef-ri'tis), pl. nephrit'ides [Gr. veippbs 
kidney 4- -tris inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the kidney, acute n., suppurative nephritis 
with a short and severe course, constituting the 
acute form of Bright's disease. There are two 
forms: acute parenchymatous n. and acute dif- 
fuse n., caused by exposure to wet and cold, or 
by pneumonia or pregnancy, or resulting from 
scarlet fever or other exanthemata. The kidney 
becomes soft and enlarged, with fatty degen- 
eration of the tubular epithelium and the forma- 
tion of tube-casts. It is attended with pain in 
the lumbar region, fever, dropsy, frequent and 
painful urination, with presence of casts and of 
blood in the urine, albuminous n., nephritis 
in which albuminuria occurs, bacterial n., 
nephritis which is caused by microorganisms, 
capsular n., that which specially affects Bow- 
man's capsules, catarrhal n., nephritis in 
which the pyramids are of a reddish hue, from 
the plugging of the tubular canals with cells, 
cheesy n., a chronic suppurative form with case-: 
ous deposits, chloro-azotemic n., nephritis in 
which there is retention of chlorids and urea, but 
not of water, chronic n., any variety having 
a relatively slow course, clostridial n., chronic 
nephritis believed to be due to the presence of 
clostridia. It is characterized by nervousness, 
sleeplessness, dyspnea, dyspepsia, and albuminu- 
ria. croupous n. Same as acute n. desquam- 
ative n., acute catarrhal nephritis, diffuse n., 
nephritis affecting both the parenchyma and the 
stroma, diffuse n., acute. See under acute n. 
diffuse n., chronic, a form resulting from acute 
nephritis or from alcohol and lead-poisoning, or 
from gout. The kidney becomes small, cys^ 
tic, nodulated, and adherent to its capsule. The 
interstitial tissue is increased, and there is thick- 
NEPHRITIS ening of the vessel walls and of the malpighian 
corpuscles: the heart becomes hypertrophied, 
and the walls of the small arteries thickened; the 
malpighian tubules contain hyaline casts. The 
disease is attended with progressive loss of 
strength, edema about the eyelids, dyspnea, 
headache, dyspepsia, diarrhea, and the frequent 
passage of large quantities of light-colored urine 
containing albumin and casts. Called also 
chronic interstitial n., atrophic kidney, contracted 
kidney, gouty kidney, and granular kidney. 
exudative n., nephritis with exudation of the 
blood-serum, fibrous n., that which specially af- 
fects the stroma, glomerular n., that which 
principally affects the glomeruli, glomerulocap- 
sular n., a form which primarily affects the 
glomeruli and Bowman's capsules, hypogenetic 
n., nephritis due to an unusual strain upon kid- 
neys that are congenitally underdeveloped, idio- 
pathic n., nephritis the cause of which is not 
discoverable, indurative n., chronic nephritis 
with atrophy of the secreting parts of the kidney 
and hypertrophy of the connective-tissue stroma, 
interstitial n. Same as fibrous n. Lan- 
cereaux's n., interstitial nephritis of rheu- 
matic origin, parenchymatous n., nephritis 
which specially affects the parenchyma of the kid- 
ney. parenchymatous n., acute. See under 
acute n. parenchymatous n., chronic, is 
marked by changes similar to those of the acute 
form, without congestion. The kidney becomes soft 
and white, and the disease is attended by anemia, 
dropsy, anasarca, gastro-intestinal disorder, and 
dyspnea, with secretion of small amounts of 
high-colored urine containing albumin and casts. 
Called also chronic tubal n., large white kidney, 
and branny kidney, productive n., nephritis 
with the development of serous exudate and hyper- 
trophy of the connective-tissue stroma, sat- 
urnine n., a form due to chronic lead-poison- 
ing. scarlatinal n., acute nephritis due 
to scarlet fever, suppurative n., a form 
accompanied by abscess of the kidney, sup- 
purative n., acute, is due to septic infection, 
generally from operations on the genito-urinary 
tract (then called surgical kidney), and marked 
by the development of multiple abscesses, sup- 
purative n., chronic, is caused by infection 
with the tubercle bacillus. In this disease cavi- 
ties, are found in the kidney, filled with pus-like, 
cheesy masses and tubercle bacilli. Called also 
tubercular n. and cheesy n. tartrate n., acute 
nephritis produced by the subcutaneous injection 
of racemic tartaric acid, trench n., acute 
nephritis affecting soldiers in the trenches, tubal 
n., tubular n., a variety that affects principally 
the tubules, tuberculous n., a variety of 
chronic interstitial nephritis due to the bacillus of 
tuberculosis. 
nephro-abdominal (nef"ro-ab-dom'in-al). Per- 
taining to the kidney and the abdominal wall. 
nephrocapsectomy, nephrocapsacectomy 
(nef"ro-kap-sek'to-me, nef"ro-kap-sas-ek'to-me) 
[Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + L. cap'sula capsule + Gr. 
'eKTopi) excision]. Excision of the renal capsule. 
nephrocardiac (nef-ro-kar'de-ak). Pertaining to 
the kidney and the heart. 
nephrocele (nef'ro-sel) [Gr. vetppbs kidney + K-q\i) 
hernia]. Hernial protrusion of a kidney. 
nephrocolic (nef-ro-kol'ik) [Gr. vetppbs kidney + 
colic], Renal colic. 
nephrocolopexy (nef-ro-ko'lo-peks-e). [Gr. ve^pbs 
kidney + koXov colon + icrj^cs fixation]. Opera- 
tive suspension of the kidney and colon by means 
of the nephrocolic ligament. 
nephrocoloptosis (nef"ro-ko-lop-to'sis)[Gr. ve<ppbs 
kidney -f- koXov colon + Trrwais fall]. Downward 
displacement of the kidney and colon. 
nephrocystanastomosis (nef"ro-sis-tan-as-to- 
mo'sis) [Gr. vetppbs kidney + kvvtis bladder + 
hvaaTopu/ats anastomosis]. The surgical forma- 
NEPHRO-ABDOMINAL 
726 
tion of a passage between the kidney and the 
urinary bladder. 
nephrocystitis (nef"ro-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. ve<ppbs kid- 
ney + kuotis bladder + -tris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the kidneys and bladder. 
nephrocystosis (nef"ro-sis-to'sis) [Gr. i^pos kid- 
ney + Kvans cyst]. Development of cysts in the 
kidney. 
nephro-erysipelas (nef"ro-er-is-ip'el-as). Ery- 
sipelas complicated with acute nephritis. 
nephrogastric (nef-ro-gas'trik). Pertaining to the 
kidney and the stomach. . 
nephrogenic, nephrogenous (nef-ro-jen'ik, nef- 
roj'en-us) [Gr. veippos kidney + yevvav to pro- 
duce]. Arising in or from a kidney; forming 
kidney tissue. 
nephrohemia (nef-ro-he'me-ah) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
+ aipa blood]. Congestion of the kidney. 
nephrohydrosis (nef"ro-hi-dro'sis). Hydro- 
nephrosis. 
nephrohypertrophy (nef"ro-hi-per'tro-fe) [Gr. 
vetppbs kidney -f- hypertrophy]. Hypertrophy of 
the kidney. 
nephrolith (nef'ro-lith) [Gr. vetppbs kidney + Xi0os 
stone]. A renal calculus; gravel in a kidney. 
nephrolithiasis (nef"ro-lith-i'as-is). A condition 
marked by the presence of renal calculi. 
nephrolithotomy (nef"ro-lith-ot'o-me) [Gr. veypbs 
kidney + lithotomy]. The removal of renal cal- 
culi by cutting through the body of the kidney. 
nephrologist (nef-rol'o-jist). An expert, or special- 
ist, in diseases of the kidney. 
nephrology (nef-rol'o-je) [Gr. vetppbs kidney + 
Xbyos discourse]. Scientific study of the kidney 
and its diseases. 
nephrolysin (nef-rol'is-in) [Gr. veippbs kidney + 
lysin], Same as nephrotoxin. 
nephrolysis (nef-rol'is-is) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + 
Xuais solution], i. Solution of kidney substance 
produced by a nephrotoxin. 2. The operation 
of separating the inflamed kidney from para- 
nephric adhesions. 
nephrolytic (nef-ro-lit'ik). Producing nephroly- 
sis: nephrotoxic. 
nephromalacia (nef"ro-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. ve<ppbs 
kidney + paXaxia softness]. Softening of the 
kidney. 
nephromegaly (nef-ro-meg'al-e) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney 
+ peyas great]. Enlargement of the kidney. 
nephromere (nef'ro-mer) [Gr. ve^pbs kidney + 
pepos part]. A metamere of the embryo having 
relation with the kidney. 
nephroncus (nef-rong'kus) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + 
bykos mass]. Tumor of the kidney. 
nephroparalysis (nef"ro-par-al'is-is) [Gr. vuppbs 
kidney + paralysis]. Paralysis of the kidney. 
nephropathic (nef'ro-path'ik). Due to disease of 
the kidneys. 
nephropathy (nef-rop'ath-e) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + 
ira.0os disease]. Disease of the kidneys, drop- 
sical n., hypochloruric nephropathy, hyp- 
azoturic n., kidney disease in which insufficient 
nitrogen is eliminated, hypochloruric n., 
kidney disease with sodium chlorid retention. 
nephropexy (nef'ro-peks-e) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + 
ir^is fastening]. The fixation of a floating kid- 
ney, especially that which is effected by packing 
with asepticized gauze. 
nephrophthisis (nef-ro-tis'is) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
4- <p6l<ris wasting]. Same as nephrotuberculosis. 
nephropoietic (nef"ro-poi-et'ik) [Gr. ve^pbs kidney 
+ Tfoieiv to make]. Forming kidney tissue. 
nephropoietin (nef"ro-poi-e'tin). A substance 
thought to exist in the blood-serum, in embry- 
onic kidney, and in kidneys undergoing regen- 
eration, and to stimulate the formation of kidney 
tissue. 
NEPHROPOIETIN NEPHROPTOSIS 
727 
NERVE 
nephroptosis, nephroptosia (nef-rop-to'sis, nef- 
rop-to'se-ah) [Gr. ve<ppos kidney + irrwais falling]. 
Downward displacement of the kidney. 
nephropyelitis (nef"ro-pi-el-i'tis) [Gr. ve<ppbs kid- 
ney + pyelitis]. Parenchymatous inflammation 
of the kidney and of its pelvis. 
nephropyeloplasty (nef-ro-pi'el-o-plas-te) [Gr. 
veippbs kidney + irveXos pelvis + TrXaaaeLV to 
form]. Plastic operation on the pelvis of the kid- 
ney. 
nephropyosis (nef"ro-pi-o'sis) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
+ iruwais suppuration]. Suppuration of the 
kidney. 
nephrorrhagia (nef-ro-ra'je-ah) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
+ pr^yvvvaL to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
the kidney. 
nephrorrhaphy (nef-ror'a-fe) [Gr. vttppbs kidney 
+ pa<pi) stitch]. The suturation of a displaced 
kidney in its normal place. 
nephroscleria (nef-ro-skle're-ah). Nephrosclerosis, 
nephrosclerosis (nef"ro-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. veippbs 
kidney + okX^pcools hardening]. Sclerosis, or 
hardening, of the kidney. 
nephrosis (nef-ro'sis), pl. nephro'ses [Gr. veippos 
kidney]. Any disease of the kidney. 
nephroson (nef'ro-son). A proprietary diuretic 
preparation. 
nephrospasis (nef-ro-spas'is) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney 
+ crirav to draw]. Movable kidney in which the 
natural supports of the organ are so weakened 
that the organ hangs by its pedicle. 
nephrostoma (nef-ros'to-mah) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney 
+ cr-ropa mouth]. Any one of the funnel-shaped 
and ciliated orifices connected with the wolffian 
tubules. 
nephrostome (nef'ro-stom). Nephrostoma. 
nephrostomy (nef-ros'to-me) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney 
+ a to pa. month]. The creation of a permanent 
fistula leading directlv into the pelvis of the 
kidney. 
nephrotome (nef'ro-tom) [Gr. ve^pbs kidney + 
ropp cutting, section]. One of the segments of 
tissue in the embryo from which are developed 
the excretory tubules ">f the kidney. 
nephrotomy (nef-rot'o-me) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + 
Ttpveiv to cut]. A surgical incision into the 
kidney. It is called abdominal when performed 
through an incision into the abdomen, and lum- 
bar when through an incision into the loins. 
nephrotoxic (nef-ro-tok'sik). Toxic or destructive 
to the kidney, as, nephrotoxic serum. 
nephrotoxin (nef-ro-tok'sin) [Gr. veippbs kidney + 
to^kov poison]. A toxin which has a specific 
destructive effect on kidney cells. 
nephrotresis (nef-ro-tre'sis) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + 
rp^ais boring]. The surgical formation of a per- 
manent opening into the kidney through the loin, 
nephrotriesis (nef-ro-tri-e'sis) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
+ rpinacs piercing]. The operation of establishing 
a fistula into the kidney by stitching the edges of 
the kidney incision to the parietal muscles. 
nephrotuberculosis (nef"ro-tu-ber-ku-lo'sis) [Gr. 
ve<ppos kidney + tuberculosis]. Disease of the 
kidney due to the tubercle bacillus. 
nephrotyphoid (nef-ro-ti'foid). Typhoid fever 
complicated with acute nephritis. 
nephrotyphus (nef-ro-ti'fus) [Gr. vetppbs kidney + 
typhus]. Typhus fever with renal hemorrhage, 
nephro-ureterectomy (nef"ro-u"re-ter-ek'to-me) 
[Gr. vetppos kidney + ureterectomy]. Excision 
of a kidney and a whole or part of the ureter. 
nephro-ureterocystectomy (nef"ro-u-re"ter-o- 
sis-tek'to-me) [Gr. vetppbs kidney + ovpr/r-qp ureter 
+ kwttis bladder + e/cropr) excision]. Excision of 
the kidney, ureter, and a portion of the bladder-wall, 
nephrozymase (nef-ro-zi'mas) [Gr. veippbs kidney 
4- fbpp leaven]. A ferment, like diastase, found 
in the urine. 
nephrozymosis (nef"ro-zi-mo'sis). Zymotic or 
fermentative disease of the kidney. 
nephydrosis (nef-id-ro'sis) [Gr. ve<ppbs kidney + 
vbcop water]. The accumulation of urine in the 
pelvis of the kidney; hydronephrosis. 
nephydrotic (nef-id-rot'ik). Pertaining to nephy- 
drosis. 
nepiology (nep-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. rtTrios infant + 
Xbyos treatise]. The department of pediatrics 
treating of young infants. 
neptunium (nep-tu'ne-um). An element belonging 
to the tantalum group occurring in certain rare 
earths associated with tantalum and niobium; 
atomic weight 118. 
nercibus (ner-si'bus). A nervine preparation of 
glycerophosphates, iron, strychnin, etc. 
nerianthin (ne-re-an'thin). A glucosid from ole- 
ander: therapeutically less active than oleandrin 
neriin (ne're-in) One of the active principles of 
oleander: a cardiac stimulant and tonic. 
Nerium (ne're-um) [Gr. vqptov oleander]. A genus 
of apocynaceous trees. See oleander. 
Nernst lamp, theory (nernst) [Walther H. 
Nernst, German physicist, born 1864]. See lamp 
and theory. 
neroli (nehr'o-le). An essential oil distilled from 
orange-blossoms. 
neropathy (ne-rop'ath-e). That part of the sys- 
tem of weltmerism known as the laying on of 
hands; manual gerokomy. 
nervanin (ner-van'in). A local anesthetic, said to 
be far better and safer than cocain: its chlorhy- 
drate is scarcely poisonous unless given in enor- 
mous doses. Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.266-0.533 gm.). 
nerve (nerv) [L. ner'vus; Gr. vevpov]. A cord-like 
structure which conveys impulses from One part 
of the body to another. A nerve consists of a 
connective-tissue sheath (epineurium) inclosing 
bundles (funiculi) of nerve-fibers, each bundle 
being surrounded by its own sheath of perineu- 
rium, the various bundles being separated by 
septa of connective tissue known as the endo- 
neurium. N erve-fibers are of two kinds: the 
medullated and the non-medullated. A medullaled 
nerve-fiber consists of a central core or axis-cyl- 
inder, which is sometimes inclosed in a sheath, or 
axilemma, surrounded by a layer of white, fatty 
matter (myelin, white substance of Schwann, med- 
ulla, etc.), which is inclosed in a sheath (neu- 
rilemma, or primitive sheath). The myelin is 
separated by constrictions (nodes of Ranvier) 
into segments of about one millimeter in length, 
each segment containing a nucleus. In the 
non-medullated nerve-fibers the axis-cylinder is 
surrounded only by the neurilemma, but the 
fibers contain nuclei. See nerves, table of. ac- 
celerator n., the cardiac sympathetic nerve: 
when it is stimulated, the heart's action is accel- 
erated. accessory n. Same as spinal accessory 
n. See table of nerves, accessory phrenic n., 
an anomalous branch of the phrenic nerve, cephalad 
to the hilum of the lung, found in about 20 per cent, 
of human beings, acoustic n., the auditory nerve. 
See table of nerves, afferent n., any nerve which 
transmits impulses from the periphery intrad. 
See sensory n. anabolic n., any nerve, like 
the vagus or accelerans, whose stimulation pro- 
motes the anabolic processes, n. of arrest. 
Same as inhibitory n. n.-avulsion, operation of( 
tearing a nerve from its central origin by traction.' 
n.-block, stoppage of the passage of impulses 
through a nerve by pressure or by the injection of 
anesthetics, calorific n., any nerve whose stimu- 
lation increases heat. n.-cavity, the pulp cavity 
of a tooth, n.-cell, any cell of the nervous sys- 
tem, especially a ganglion-cell or one of the special 
cells of nerve-centers: a neuron or neurodendron. 
A nerve-cell is an ovoid, pear-shaped, or polygonal 
mass of protoplasm, containing a spheric nu- 
cleus, and giving off one axis-cylinder process (neurite, neuraxon, axon, Deiters' process, etc.) 
and several branching protoplasmic processes 
{dendrites or cytodendrites). According to the 
number of protoplasmic processes given off, cells 
are distinguished as unipolar, bipolar, or multi- 
NERVE 
728 
polar. Nerve-cells are of two types. Those of 
the first type have an axis-cylinder which is con- 
tinuous with the axis-cylinder of a nerve-fiber. 
In cells of the second type the axis-cylinder proc- 
ess {dendraxon) does not extend into the white 
NERVE 
[For continuation of nerve, 
A TABLE OF THE NERVES. 
b see p. 734.] 
1 Nerve. 
Function. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Abdominal. 
Abducens (sixth cra- 
nial). 
Sensation and motion. 
Motion. 
Pneumogastric. 
Fasciculus teres. 
Stomach. 
External rectus of the 
eye. 
Alveolar. 
Arnold's. 
Sensation. 
The auricular branch 
of the pneumogas- 
tric. 
Dental. 
Molar and bicuspid 
teeth and gums. 
Gingival. 
Auditory (eighth cra- 
nial). 
Auricular. 
Auricular, anterior. 
Auricular, inferior. 
Hearing and equili- 
bration. 
Sensation. 
Sensation. 
Sensation. 
Restis. 
Occipitalis minor. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Auriculotemporal. 
Cochlea, vestibule, ca- 
nals. 
Skin of upper portion 
of pinna. 
Skin of external ear. 
Ear, internal maxillary 
artery, etc. 
Cochlear, vestibular. 
Auricular, posterior. 
Auricular, superior. 
Motion. 
Sensation. 
Facial. 
Auriculotemporal. 
Retrahens aurem, oc- 
cipitofrontalis. 
Skin over tragus and 
pinna. 
Auricular, occipital. 
Auricul.'/ris mag'nus. 
Auricula'ris va'gi. 
Sensation. 
Sensation. 
Cervical plexus, 
second and third 
cervical. 
Pneumogastric. , 
Face, ear, neck, paro- 
tid. 
External eai. 
Facial, mastoid, and 
auricular. 
Auriculotemporal. 
Bell's. 
Of Bock. 
Buccal. 
Sensation. 
The external and in- 
ternal respiratory 
nerves. 
See Pharyngeal. 
Motion. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Facial. 
Temple and pinna. 
Orbicularis oris and 
buccinator muscles. 
Articular, branches to 
meatus auditorius, 
parotid, inferior and 
superior auricular, 
anterior and posterior 
temporal. 
Buccal, long. 
Sensation. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Cheek, buccinator, etc. 
Superior and inferior 
buccinator and exter- 
nal pterygoid. 
Calcanean, internal. 
Calcaneoplantar, cu- 
taneous. 
Sensation. 
See Calcanean, inter- 
nal. 
Posterior tibial. 
Fascia and skin of sole 
and heel. 
Small filaments. 
Cardiac (cervical). 
Cardiac, great or mid- 
dle. 
Cardiac, inferior or 
minor. 
Cardiac, thoracic. 
Cardiac, right and 
left superior. 
Of Casser. 
Cavernous. 
Cavernous (large and 
small). 
Inhibition. 
Inhibition and vaso- 
motion. 
Vasomotor and inhib- 
itory. 
See Perforating and 
Musculocutaneous. 
Sensation, vasomo- 
tion. 
Sensation and vaso- 
motion. 
Pneumogastric. 
Middle cervical 
ganglion. 
Inferior cervical or 
first thoracic gan- 
glion. 
Recurrent laryngeal 
or pneumogastric. 
Superior cervical 
ganglion. 
Prostatic plexus. 
Prostatic plexus. 
Heart and cardiac 
plexus. 
Heart and deep car- 
diac plexus. 
Heart and deep car- 
diac plexus. 
Heart and cardiac 
plexus. 
Heart, arteries of tho- 
rax, and superficial 
cardiac plexus. 
Erectile structures of 
penis. 
Penis. 
Branches to cardiac 
plexuses. 
Cervical, eighth. 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Thorax, neck, and 
upper extremities. 
Dorsal and ventral di- 
visions. 
Cervical, first (ven- 
tral division). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Rectus capitis lateralis 
and anterior recti. 
Filaments to vagus, hy- 
poglossal, etc. 
Cervical, first (dorsal 
division). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Obliqui, recti, complex- 
us, etc. 
Cutaneous and commu- 
nicating filaments. 
Cervical, fourth (ven- 
tral division). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Shoulder. 
Muscular and commu- 
nicating filaments, etc. 
Cervical, second (ven- 
tral division). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Sternomastoid, etc. 
Ascending, descending, 
communicating, small 
occipital, etc. NERVES 
NERVES 
T ransverse section of a nerve : a, epineurium ; b, perineurium 
c, endoneurium ; d, section of a single fiber (Leroy). 
Longitudinal nerve- 
fiber, diagrammatic : 
a, axis-cylinder; b, 
medullary sheath; c, 
neurilemma; d, nu- 
cleus; «,node of Ran- 
vier (Leroy). 
Longitudinal section 
through a nerve-fiber ; a, 
fibrils of axis-cylinder; 
b, neurilemma; c, seg- 
ments of Lantermann. 
Nerve-cell with dendrites ending in claw-like telodendr'a 
a, neuraxis ; b, telodendrion. 
Superficial Distribution of Facial, Trigeminal, and 
Other Nerves of Head : i, trunk of facial nerve after its 
exit from stylomastoid foramen; 2, posterior auricular 
branch ; 3, filament of great auricular nerve ; 4. occipital 
branch ; 5, auricular branch ; 6, twig to superior auricular 
muscle; 7, nerve to digastric; 8, that to stylohyoid mus- 
cle; 9, superior or temporofacial division of the nerve; 
10, 11, temporal branches ; 12, malar ; 13, 14, infra-or- 
bital ; 15, inferior or cervicofacial division of nerve; 16, 
mandibular, and above this buccal branches; 17, cervical 
branch; 18, auriculotemporal uniting with facial, giving 
anterior auricular and parotid branches ; 19, 20, supra- 
orbital ; 21, lacrimal; 22, infratrochlear ; 23, malar twig 
of the temporomalar ; 24, superficial branch of nasal ; 25, 
infra-orbital; 26, buccal ; 27, mental ; 28, great occipital ; 
29, great auricular; 30, 31, small occipital ; 32, superficial 
cervical. 
Branches of Inferior Maxillary Nerve from Outer 
Side: 1, masseteric nerve; 2, posterior deep temporal 
nerve; 3, buccal nerve; 4, branch of facial; 5, anterior 
deep temporal nerve ; 6, filaments given by the buccal to 
external pterygoid muscle; 7, middle deep temporal 
nerve; 8, auriculotemporal nerve; 9, its temporal 
branches; 10, its branches to meatus and auricle; it, 
its union with facial; 12, lingual nerve; 13, mylohyoid 
nerve ; 14, inferior dental nerve ; 15, its twigs to teeth ; 
16, mental branch; 17, branch of the facial uniting with 
the mental. NERVES 
729 
NERVES 
A TABLE OF THE NERVES.- Continued. 
Nerve. 
Function. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Cervical, second (dor- 
sal division). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Obliquus inferior, com- 
plexus, splenius, tra- 
chelomastoid, scalp, 
ear. 
Occipitalis major and 
external. 
Cervical, third (ven- 
tral division). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Ascending, descending, 
communicating, and 
muscular filaments. 
Cervical, third (dor- 
sal division). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Complexus, splenius, 
occiput, trachelomas- 
toid. 
External, internal, third 
occipital, etc. 
Cervicals, fifth to 
eighth (ventral di- 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Brachial plexus. 
Communicating. 
visions). 
Cervicals (fourth to 
eighth dorsal divis- 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Skin and muscles of 
neck. 
External and internal 
branches. 
ions). 
Cervicofacial. 
Chor'da tym'pani. 
Ciliary, short (six 
to ten). 
Ciliary, long (two 
or three). 
Motion. 
Taste, secretion, vaso- 
dilation, sensation. 
Motion, sensation, 
nutrition. 
Motion, sensation, etc. 
Facial. 
Facial. 
Ciliary ganglion. 
Nasal nerve. 
Muscles of lower face 
and neck. 
Tympanum, submax- 
illary gland, inferior 
lingualis, tongue. 
Ciliary body, iris, 
cornea. 
Ciliary body, iris, 
cornea. 
Supramaxillary, infra- 
maxillary, buccal. 
Circumflex. 
Sensation and motion. 
Brachial plexus. 
Deltoid, teres minor, 
skin, and shoulder- 
joint. 
Posterior, anterior, cu- 
taneous, and articu- 
lar. 
Coccygeal. 
Motion and sensation. 
Spinal cord. 
Coccygeus and skin. 
Filaments. 
Cochlear. 
Audition. 
Auditory. 
Cochlea. 
Filaments. 
Colli, superficialis. 
Sensation. 
Second and third 
Cervical. 
Platysma and side of 
neck, throat, and 
chin. 
Descending and ascend- 
ing branches. 
Commu'nicans hypo- 
glos'si (communi- 
cans noni). 
Commu'nicans pero- 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation. 
Second and third 
cervical. 
External popliteal. 
Descendens hypoglos- 
si. depressor mus- 
cles of hyoid bone. 
To external saphenous. 
Ansa hypoglossi, omo- 
hyoid, etc. 
ne'i. 
Commu'nicans pop- 
lite'i. 
Communicating. 
Sensation. 
Motion and sensation. 
Internal popliteal. 
Brachial plexus; 
fifth cervical. 
To external saphenous 
nerve and skin of 
foot. 
Phrenic. 
Communicating. 
Sensation and motion. 
Cervical plexus. 
Spinal accessory. 
Branches. 
Communicating. 
Of Cotunnius. 
Crural. 
Motion and sensation. 
See Nasopalatine 
Sensation. 
First and second 
cervical. 
nerve. 
Genitoc rural. 
Pneumogastric, hypo- 
glossal, sympathetic. 
Skin, upper and cen- 
tral part anterior as- 
pect of thigh. 
Three branches and fila- 
ments. ( 
Crural, anterior. 
Motion and sensation. 
Lumbar plexus, 
second, third, and 
fourth lumbar. 
Thigh muscles, iliacus. 
Internal and middle cu- 
taneous, long saphen- 1 
ous, muscular, articu- 
lar, etc. ( 
Cutaneous. 
Sensation. 
Musculospiral. 
Back of arm, forearm, 
and wrist. 
Two external, one inter- 
nal. 
Cutaneous. 
Sensation. 
Ulnar. 
Skin of wrist and palm. 
First and palmar cuta-1 
neons. i 
Cutaneous, dorsal. 
Sensation. 
Ulnar. 
Skin of little and ring 
fingers. 
Filaments and commu- 
nicating branches. 
Cutaneous, external. 
Sensation. 
Second and third 
lumbar. 
Integument of thigh. 
Posterior, anterior, pec- 
tineus, femoral artery, 
and branches. 
Cutaneous, internal. 
Sensation. 
Brachial plexus. 
Forearm and lower 
arm. 
Anterior and posterior 
branches, etc. 
Cutaneous, lesser in- 
Sensation. 
Brachial plexus. 
Skin on back of arm. 
Filaments. 
temal (of Wris- 
berg). 
Cutaneous (internal 
and middle). 
Cutaneous, terminal. 
Cutaneous, perforat- 
ing. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation. 
Sensation. 
Anterior crural. 
Ulnar. 
Fourth sacral. 
Thigh, leg, sartorius, 
pectineus. 
Skin of palm, palmaris 
brevis, skin of ring 
and little fingers. 
Skin covering gluteus 
maximus. 
Communicating and1 
filaments. 
Cyon's. 
Lowering of the 
blood-pressure. 
Vagus (rabbit). 
Heart. 
Filaments. 
Dental, anterior su- 
perior. 
Sensation, etc. 
/ 
Superior maxillary. 
Upper incisors and ca- 
nine teeth ; inferior 
meatus of nose, etc. 
Nasal, etc. NERVES 
730 
NERVES 
A TABLE OF THE NERVES.-Continued. 
Nerve. 
Function. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Dental, inferior or 
mandibular. 
Dental, posterior su- 
perior. 
Dental, middle supe- 
rior. 
Depressor. 
Descen'dens hypo- 
gios'si. 
Descen'dens no'ni. 
Digastric. 
Dorsal, 12 (anterior 
and posterior divis- 
ions). 
Dorsal (of clitoris). 
Dorsal (of penis). 
Esophageal. 
Facial (branch). 
Facial (seventh cra- 
nial). 
Frontal. 
Gastric. 
Genital. 
Genitocrural. 
G 1 o s s o p h aryngeal 
(ninth cranial). 
Gluteal, inferior. 
Gluteal, superior. 
Gustatory. 
Hemorrhoidal, infe- 
rior. 
Hepatic. 
Hirschfeld's. 
Hypogastric. 
Hypoglossal (twelfth 
cranial). 
Iliac. 
Iliohypogastric. 
Ilio-inguinal. 
Incisive. 
Inframandibular. 
Infra maxillary. 
Infra-orbital. 
Infra trochlear. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation, etc. 
Sensation, etc. 
See Cyan's. 
Motor. 
See Descendens hypo- 
Motion. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation, etc. 
Sensation, etc. 
Motion, etc. 
Sensation. 
Motion, secretion, 
vasomotion, etc. 
Sensation. 
Motion. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation and motion. 
Taste and sensation, 
vasomotion, motor, 
the pharynx, etc. 
Motion. 
Motion. 
See Lingual. 
Sensation and motion. 
Influences glycogenic 
function. 
Motion. 
Sensation. 
Motion, vasomotion. 
Sensation. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation. 
See Inframaxillary. 
Motion. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Superior maxillary. 
Superior maxillary. 
Hypoglossal. 
glossi. 
Facial. 
Spinal cord. 
Pudic. 
Pudic. 
Pneumogastric. 
Auricularis mag- 
nus. 
Floor of fourth ven- 
tricle, fasciculus 
teres. 
Ophthalmic. 
Pneumogastric. 
Genitocrural. 
First and second 
lumbar. 
Floor of fourth ven- 
tricle. 
Sacral plexus, sec- 
ond and third sa- 
cral, etc. 
Sacral plexus. 
Pudic or sacral 
plexus. 
Pneumogastric. 
Facial. 
Iliohypogastric. 
Floor of fourth ven- 
tricle. 
Iliohypogastric. 
First lumbar. 
First lumbar. 
Inferior dental. 
Facial. 
Facial. 
Nasal. 
•Teeth, skin, mucosa, 
etc. 
Buccal mucosa, gums, 
fangs, and pulp of 
teeth. 
Upper bicuspid teeth. 
Sternohyoid, omohy- 
oid, sternohyoid, etc. 
Posterior belly of di- 
gastric, glossophar- 
yngeal nerve, etc. 
Skin and muscles of 
chest, trunk, and 
limbs. 
Clitoris. 
Corpus cavernosum, 
dorsum of penis, etc. 
Muscular and mucous 
coats of esophagus, 
esophageal plexus, 
etc. 
Skin over parotid, paro- 
tid, etc. 
Face, ear, palate, 
tongue. 
Forehead, eyelids, 
pericranium, skin of 
temples, etc. 
Stomach. 
Cremaster muscle and 
round ligament. 
Cremaster, skin of 
thigh, etc. 
Middle ear, pharynx, 
meninges, tonsils, 
tongue. 
Gluteus maximus. 
Glutei, tensor vaginae 
femoris. 
External sphincter ani 
and skin of perineum. 
Liver. 
Palatoglossus and sty- 
loglossus. 
Skin of hypogastrium. 
Hyoglossus and sub- 
hyoid muscles. 
Skin of gluteal region. 
Skin of hypogastrium 
and gluteal region. 
Internal oblique muscle 
and skin of upper 
thigh, labium, and 
scrotum. 
Incisor and canine 
teeth of lower jaw. 
Platysma. 
Cheek-muscles, nose, 
and lip. 
Conjunctiva of part of 
eye, lacrimal sac 
side of nose, eyelid, 
etc. 
Mylohyoid, incisor, 
mental, dental, etc. 
Muscular. 
External, internal, cuta- 
neous. 
Tympanic, chorda tym- 
pan i, posterior auric- 
ular, digastric, stylo- 
hyoid, temporal, 
malar, infra-orbital, 
buccal, supramaxil- 
lary, inframaxillary. 
Supratrochlear, supra- 
orbital. 
Genital, crural, etc. 
Tympanic, carotid, 
pharyngeal, muscu- 
lar, tonsillar, lingual, 
etc. 
Articular, cutaneous. 
Inferior and superior 
branches. 
Hepatic plexus. 
Descendens noni or 
hypoglossi, muscular, 
thyrohyoid, genio- 
hyoid, and menin- 
geal. 
Iliac, hypogastric, com- 
municating. 
Muscular, cutaneous, 
and communicating. 
Communicating. 
Nasal, labial, palpebral. 
.t ' : NERVES 
NERVES 
Superior Maxillary Nerve and Some of the Orbital 
Nerves: 1, Gasserian ganglion; 2, lacrimal nerve; 3, 
trunk of superior maxillary nerve ; 4, its orbital branch ; 
6, origin of its malar twig ; 7, its temporal twig, joined by 
5, communicating branch from lacrimal nerve; 8, spheno- 
palatine ganglion ; 9, Vidian nerve ; xo, its upper branch 
or great superficial petrosal nerve proceeding to join 11, 
facial nerve; 12, its lower branch or great deep petrosal 
nerve joining sympathetic ; 13, 14, posterior dental nerves ; 
15, terminal branches of infra-orbital nerve in the face; 
16, a branch of facial uniting with some of the twigs of 
infra-orbital. 
Nerves of Nose and Sphenopalatine Ganglion, from 
Inner Side : x, network of external branches of olfactory 
nerve; 2, nasal nerve, giving its external branch to outer 
wall of nose ; the septal branch is cut short; 3, spheno- 
palatine ganglion; 4, ramification of large palatine nerve; 
5, small, and 6, external palatine nerve; 7, inferior nasal 
branch ; 8, superior nasal branch; 9, nasopalatine nerve 
cut short; xo, Vidian nerve ; xx, great superficial petrosal 
nerve ; 12, great deep petrosal nerve ; 13, the sympathetic 
nerves ascending on internal carotid artery. 
Distribution and Connection of Pneumogastric Nerve 
of Left Side in Neck and Upper /'art of Thorax: x, 
pneumogastric nerve ; 2, ganglion of its trunk ; 3, acces- 
sory part of spinal accessory ; 4, union of pneumogastric 
with hypoglossal; 5, pharyngeal branch of pneumogas- 
tric ; 6, superior laryngeal; 7, external laryngeal ; 8, com- 
munication of external laryngeal with superior cardiac 
branch of sympathetic ; 9, inferior or recurrent laryngeal ; 
xo, superior, and 11, inferior cervical cardiac branches; 
12, 13, posterior pulmonary plexus; 14, lingual branch 
of inferior maxillary; 15, distal part of hypoglossal 
nerve; 16, glossopharyngeal nerve; 17, spinal accessory 
nerve ; x8, second cervical nerve ; 19, third ; 20, fourth ; 
21, origin of phrenic nerve; 22, 23, fifth, sixth, seventh, 
and eighth cervical nerves, forming with the first dorsal 
the brachial plexus; 24, superior cervical ganglion of 
sympathetic ; 25, middle cervical ganglion; 26, inferior 
cervical ganglion ; 27. 28, 29, 30, second, third, fourth, 
and fifth dorsal ganglia. 
Superficial Branches of Cervical Plexus: 1, super- 
ficial cervical nerve; 2, its inferior branch ; 3, its superior 
branch ; 4, its union with facial; 5, great auricular nerve ; 
6, one of its facial branches; 7, its branch to lobule; 8, 
twig which pierces the auricle ; 9, branch to deep surface 
of pinna; xo, its union with posterior auricular of the 
facial; xx, small occipital nerve; 12, its branches; 13, a 
mastoid branch ; 14, twigs from this to back of neck ; 15, 
inner; 16, 17, middle; 18, outer branches of supraclavic- 
ular nerves; 19, branch of cervical nerves passing into 
trapezius muscle; 20, spinal accessory distributed to 
same, and receiving a uniting branch from the cervical 
nerves; 21, branch to levator scapulae; 22, trunk of the 
facial nerve ; 23, its posterior auricular branch; 24, its 
cervical branch ; 25, great occipital nerve. NERVES 
731 
NERVES 
A TABLE OF THE NERVES.- Continued. 
Nerve. 
Function. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Intercostal. 
Sensation and motion. 
Dorsal nerves. 
Muscles and skin of 
Muscular, anterior, and 
Intercostohumeral. 
Sensation. 
Second intercostal. 
thorax and abdo- 
men. 
Skin of upper half of 
lateral cutaneous. 
Interosseous, ante- 
Motion. 
Median. 
inner and back part 
of arm. 
Deep muscles on pal- 
rior. 
Interosseous, poste- 
Sensation and motion. 
Musculospiral. 
mar side of forearm. 
Back of forearm and 
rior. 
Jacobson's. 
Labial. 
See Tympanic, of the 
Motion and sensation. 
glossopha ryngea I, 
Superior maxillary. 
wrist. 
Mucous membrane and 
Lacrimal. 
Sensation. 
Ophthalmic. 
muscles of lips and 
mouth. 
Lacrimal gland, con- 
Of Lancisi 
Laryngeal, inferior 
Longitudinal stria- 
tions on upper sur- 
face of callosum. 
Motion. 
Pneumogastric. 
junctiva, upper lid. 
Muscles of larynx, lar- 
Esophageal, brachial. 
or recurrent. 
Laryngeal, superior. 
Sensation, motion. 
Pneumogas trie. 
ynx, etc. 
Muscles and mucous 
cardiac, terminal. 
External, internal. 
Lingual. 
Sensation and motion. 
Facial. 
membrane of larynx. 
Mucous membrane of 
Lingual. 
Sensation, taste. 
Glossopharyngeal. 
tongue, styloglossus, 
palatoglossus, etc. 
Glands of tongue and 
Lingual. 
Taste, sensation. 
Inferior maxillary. 
circumvallate papillae. 
Tongue, mouth. 
Lumbar (5). 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Lumbar and genital 
Anterior and posterior 
Malar. 
Motion 
Facial. 
structures. 
Corrugator supercilii. 
divisions, lumbar 
plexus. 
Malar. 
Sensation. 
Orbital. 
orbicularis palpebra- 
rum, and eyelids. 
Skin of cheek. 
Mandibular. 
Masseteric. 
See Maxillary, infe- 
rior. 
Motion. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Masseter. 
Mastoid. 
Sensation. 
Auriculans magnus. 
Skin behind ear. 
Filaments. 
Maxillary, interior. 
Motion, taste, and 
Trigeminus. 
Muscles of lower jaw, 
Auriculotemporal, mas- 
Maxillary, superior. 
sensation. 
Sensation. 
Trigeminus. 
cheek, ear, tongue, 
teeth. 
Face, teeth. 
seteric, gustatory, in- 
ferior dental, buccal. 
Orbital, infra-orbital, 
Median. 
Sensation and motion. 
Brachial plexus. 
Pronator radii teres, 
sphenopalatine, den- 
tals. 
Muscular, palmar cuta- 
Meningeal. 
Vasomotion. 
Glossopharyngeal. 
fingers, flexors, palms, 
two lumbricales. 
Arachnopia. 
neous, anterior inter- 
osseous. 
Meningeal. 
Vasomotion. 
Hypoglossal. 
Dura. 
Meningeal. 
Vasomotion. 
Pneumogastric. 
Dura near base of 
Meningeal, recurrent. 
Vasomotion. 
Inferior maxillary. 
skull. 
Dura and mastoid cells. 
Mental. 
Motion and sensation. 
Inferior dental. 
Skin and mucous mem- 
Mo'tor oc'uli (third 
Motion. 
Floor of aqueduct 
brane of lower lip 
and chin. 
Muscles of eye, except 
Inferior, superior. 
cranial). 
Musculocutaneous. 
Sensation, motion. 
of Sylvius. 
Outer cord of bra- 
superior oblique, ex- 
ternal rectus, and 
orbicularis palpebra- 
rum. 
Coracobrachialis, bi- 
Anterior, posterior, mus- 
Musculocutaneous of 
Sensation, motion. 
chial plexus. 
External popliteal. 
ceps, brachialis anti- 
cus, skin of forearm. 
Peronei muscles, skin of 
cular, articular. 
Internal, external, cuta- 
leg. 
Musculospiral. 
Sensation, motion. 
Posterior cord of 
leg and foot. 
Back of arm and fore- 
neous, muscular. 
Musculocutaneous, ra- 
Mylohoid. 
Motion. 
brachial plexus. 
Inferior dental. 
arm, skin of back of 
hand. 
Mylohyoid and digas- 
dial, posterior interos- 
seous. 
Nasal. 
Sensation. 
Anterior dental. 
trie muscles, etc. 
Mucous membrane of 
Nasal. 
Sensation. 
Superior maxillary. 
lower nasal meatus. 
Skin of nose. 
Nasal. 
Sensation. 
Ophthalmic. 
Ciliary ganglion, iris, 
Ganglionic, ciliary, in- 
Nasal, inferior. 
Sensation. 
Anterior palatine. 
conjunctiva. 
Middle meatus of nose. 
fratrochlear. NERVES 
732 
NERVES 
A TABLE OF THE NERVES.-Continued. 
Nerve. 
Function. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Nasal, superior. 
Nasopalatine (of Co- 
tunnius). 
Sensation. 
Sensation. 
Meckel's ganglion. 
Meckel's ganglion. 
Mucosa of noseand pos- 
terior ethmoid cells. 
Mucosa of nose and 
mouth. 
Obturator. 
Motion, sensation. 
Third, fourth, and 
fifth lumbar 
nerves. 
Obturator externus, ad- 
ductors, joint, and 
skin. 
Anterior, posterior, ar- 
ticular. 
Obturator, acces- 
sory. 
Occipital, third. 
Motion, sensation. 
Sensation. 
Third and fourth 
lumbar. 
Third cervical. 
Pectineus, hip-joint, 
etc. 
Skin of occiput. 
Filaments. 
Occipita lis mi'nor. 
Occipita'lis mag'nus. 
Oculomo'tor. 
Sensation. 
Sensation, motion. 
See Motor oculi. 
Second cervical. 
Second cervical. 
Skin behind ear, etc. 
Splenius, complexus, 
scalp, etc. 
Communicating, articu- 
lar. 
Olfactory (first cra- 
nial). 
Smell. 
Olfactory bulb 
Schneiderian mem- 
brane. 
Twenty branches. 
Ophthalmic. 
Sensation. 
Trigeminus. 
Eyes, forehead, nose. 
Lacrimal, frontal, na- 
sal, etc. 
Optic (second cra- 
nial) . 
Sight. 
Cortical center in 
occipital lobe. 
Retina. 
None. 
Orbital. 
Orbitotemporal. 
Sensation. 
See Orbital. 
Superior maxillary. 
Temple, cheek. 
Temporal, malar. 
Palatine, anterior. 
Palatine, external. 
Palatine, posterior. 
Sensation. 
Sensation. 
Motion. 
Meckel's ganglion. 
Meckel's ganglion. 
Meckel's ganglion. 
Hard palate, upper 
gum, etc. 
Tonsil and soft palate. 
Levator palati and azy- 
gos uvulae. 
Two inferior nasal. 
Palmar, cutaneous. 
Palmar, deep. 
Sensation. 
Motion. 
Median. 
Ulnar. 
Palm and thumb. 
Interosseous muscles, 
two inner lumbri- 
cales, abductor pol- 
licis, ^tc. 
Inner and outer. 
Palmar, superficial. 
Palpebral. 
Motion, sensation. 
Sensation. 
Ulnar. 
Superior maxillary. 
Palmaris brevis, ulnar 
side of hand and little 
finger. 
Lower lid. 
Muscular and two digi- 
tal branches. 
Parotid. 
Sensation, vasodila- 
tion. 
Auriculot em poral. 
Parotid gland. 
Patellar cutaneous. 
Sensation. 
Long saphenous. 
Skin over patella and 
plexus patellae. 
Patheticus (fourth 
cranial). 
Pectineal (two). 
Perforating (of Cas- 
ser). 
Motion, etc. 
Motion. 
See Musculocuta- 
neous. 
Floor of aqueduct 
of Sylvius. 
Anterior crural. 
Superior oblique of eye, 
tentorium. 
Pectineus muscle. 
Recurrent, terminal. 
Perineal. 
Petrosal, external. 
Petrosal, large, super- 
ficial. 
Petrosal, small. 
Petrosal, small, deep. 
Sensation and motion. 
Pudic. 
Facial. 
Facial. 
Facial. 
Tympanic branch 
of eighth. 
Perineum, genitalia, 
muscles, and skin of 
perineum. 
To a plexus over mid- 
dle meningeal artery. 
To Meckel's ganglion 
and Vidian nerve. 
Otic ganglion. 
Carotid plexus. 
Muscular and cutane- 
ous. 
Pharyngeal (three or 
four). 
Pharyngeal. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sensation. 
Glossopharyngeal. 
Meckel's ganglion. 
Mucosa and muscles of 
pharynx. 
Upper pharynx, poste- 
rior nares, etc. 
To pharyngeal plexus. 
Pharyngeal. 
Motion and sensation. 
Pneumogastric. 
Pharynx and soft pal- 
ate. 
Pharyngeal plexus, 
muscles and mucosa. 
Pharyngeal. 
Phrenic. 
Vasomotion. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sympathetic. 
Third, fourth, and 
fifth cervical. 
Pharynx. 
Pericardium, pleura, 
diaphragm. 
To pharyngeal plexus. 
Plantar, external. 
Sensation and motion. 
Posterior tibial. 
Deep muscle of foot; 
little toe. 
Deep and superficial. 
Plantar, internal. 
Sensation and motion. 
Posterior tibial. 
Adductor pollicis, flexor 
brevis digitorum, 
toes, sole. 
Cutaneous, articular, 
muscular, digital. 
Pnenmogastric (tenth 
cranial, " par va- 
gum"). 
Sensation and motion. 
Floor of fourth ven- 
tricle. 
Ear, pharynx, larynx, 
heart, lungs, esopha- 
gus, stomach. 
Auricular, pharyngeal, 
superior and inferior 
laryngeal, recurrent 
laryngeal, cardiac, 
pulmonary, esopha- 
geal, gastric, hepatic, 
communicating, me- 
ningeal. NERVES 
NERVES 
Anterior Cutaneous Nerves of Shoulder and Arm: 1, 1, 
supraclavicular nerves from cervical plexus; 2. 2, 2, cutaneous 
branches of circumflex nerve ; 3, 4, upper branches of internal 
cutaneous nerve ; 5, upper external cutaneous branch of musculo- 
spiral ; 6, internal cutaneous nerve; 7, its posterior branch; 8, 
communicating twig with one of anterior branches; 9, 10, anterior 
branches of this nerve ; 11, musculocutaneous nerve; 12, lower ex- 
ternal cutaneous branch of musculospiral nerve. 
Anterior Cutaneous Nerves of Forearm and Hand : 9, to, 13, 
distribution of anterior division of internal cutaneous nerve ; 14, 
union of one of these with a twig of ulnar nerve ; 12, lower external 
cutaneous branch of musculospiral nerve; it, 15, distribution of 
external cutaneous nerve ; 16, union of one of its branches with 
17, radial nerve; 18, palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve; 
19, 20, internal and external digital branches from median nerve; 
21, external digital to the index finger; 22, 23, digital branches to 
index, middle, and ring fingers; 24, 25, digital branches from 
ulnar nerve to ring and little fingers. 
Deep View of Anterior Nerves of Shoulder and Arm: t, 
musculocutaneous nerve, giving off; 2. branch to coracobrachialis 
muscle; 3, branch to biceps; 4, branch to brachialis anticus; 5, 
communicating branch from median to musculocutaneous nerve; 
6, continuation of the nerve to its cutaneous distribution; 7, mus- 
culospiral nerve ; 8. inferior external cutaneous branch of musculo- 
spiral; 9, large and small internal cutaneous nerve divided ; 10, 
anterior branch of internal cutaneous; 11, median nerve; to the 
inner side of this the ulnar nerve is crossed by line from it. 
Deep View of Anterior Nerves of Forearm and Hand : 12, 
median nerve; 13, its branch to pronator teres; 14, branch to 
superficial flexor muscles ; 15, branch to flexor profundus digi- 
torum ; 16, branch to flexor longus pollicis; 17, anterior interos- 
seous nerve : 18, palmar cutaneous branch cut short; 19, branch to 
short muscles of thumb; 20. 21, digital branches to thumb; 22, 23 
24, third, fourth, and fifth digital branches; 25, branch from ulnai 
nerve to flexor carpi ulnaris ; 26. branch to flexor profundus digi- 
torum ; 27, cutaneous twig; 28, dorsal branch of ulnar; 29, super- 
ficial palmar portion ; 30, 31, digital branches to ring and little 
fingers; 32, deep palmar branch; 33, its branch to short muscles 
of little finger; 34, 35, 36, twigs given by deep branch of ulnar 
to third and fourth lumbricales, all the interosseous muscles, and 
the adductors of thumb. NERVES 
A TABLE OF THE NERVES.- Continued. 
733 
NERVES 
Nerve. 
Function. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
Branches. 
Popliteal, external. 
Motion and sensation. 
Great sciatic. 
Knee-joint, extensors 
of foot, fascia, skin. 
Articular, anterior tibial, 
musculoc utaneous, 
cutaneous. 
Popliteal, internal. 
Sensation and motion. 
Great sciatic. 
Knee, gastrocnemius, 
Articular, muscular, cu- 
popliteus, plantaris, 
soleus, skin of foot. 
taneous, external 
saphenous, plantar. 
Pterygoid, external. 
Motion. 
Inferior maxillary. 
External pterygoid 
muscle. 
Pterygoid, internal. 
Motion. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Internal pterygoid 
muscle. 
Pudendal,long (nerve 
of Soemmering). 
Sensation. 
Small sciatic. 
Skin of genitalia. 
Pudic. 
Sensation and motion. 
Sacral plexus. 
Perineum, sphincter of 
Inferior hemorrhoidal, 
anus, genitalia. 
perineal, cutaneous, 
dorsalis penis. 
Pulmonary (anterior 
and posterior). 
Sensation. 
Pneumogastric. 
Lungs. 
To pulmonary plexuses. 
Radial. 
Sensation. 
Musculospiral. 
Thumb, three fingers. 
External, internal. 
Sacral (five). 
Motion and sensation. 
Spinal cord. 
Multifidus spinse, skin, 
Filaments and sacral 
gluteal region, leg, 
foot. 
plexus. 
Saphenous, external 
Sensation. 
External and inter- 
Skin of foot and little 
or short. 
nal popliteal. 
toe. 
Saphenous, long or 
Sensation. 
Anterior crural. 
Knee, ankle, foot, leg. 
Cutaneous, patellar, 
internal. 
communicating, etc. 
Of Scarpa. 
See Nasopalatine. 
Sciatic (great). 
Sensation and motion. 
Sacral plexus. 
Skin of leg, muscles of 
Articular, muscular, ex- 
Sciatic (small). 
Sensation. 
Sacral plexus. 
thigh, leg, and foot. 
Perineum, back of 
thigh and leg. 
ternal, and popliteal, 
etc. 
Cutaneous, long puden- 
dal, etc. 
Of Scemmering. 
See Pudendal, long. 
Sphenopalatine. 
Sensation. 
Superior maxillary. 
Meckel's ganglion. 
Spinal. 
Sensation and motion. 
Spinal cord. 
Trunk, neck, arms, leg. 
Spinal accessory 
Motion. 
Floor of fourth ven- 
Sternocleidomas t o i d, 
(eleventh cranial). 
tricle; cervical 
spinal cord. 
trapezius; pharynx, 
larynx. 
Splanchnic (great 
sympathetic). 
Vasomotor. 
Thoracic ganglia. 
Semilunar ganglion, 
renal and suprarenal 
plexuses, abdominal 
Communicating and 
distributing. 
organs. 
Splanchnic (lesser 
sympathetic). 
Vasomotor. 
Tenth and eleventh 
thoracic ganglia, 
great splanchnic. 
Celiac plexus and great 
splanchnic. 
Communicating and 
filaments. 
Splanchnic (renal or 
smallest, sympa- 
thetic). 
Vasomotor. 
Last thoracic gan- 
glion. 
Renal and celiac plex- 
us. 
Communicating and 
filaments. 
Stapedial. 
Motion. 
Facial (tympanic). 
Stapedius muscle. 
Stylohyoid. 
Motion. 
Facial. 
Stylohyoid muscle. 
Suboccipital. 
Motion and sensation. 
First cervical, pos- 
Recti and oblique mus- 
terior division. 
cles, complexus, etc. 
Subscapular (upper, 
middle, lower). 
Motion. 
Brachial plexus. 
Subscapular, teres ma- 
jor, latissimus dorsi. 
Superficial'is col'li. 
Sensation. 
Cervical plexus. 
Skin of neck and chest. 
Supra-acromial. 
Sensation. 
Cervical plexus. 
Skin over deltoid. 
Supraclavicular, de- 
Sensation. 
Third and fourth 
Skin of neck and chest. 
Sternal, clavicular, 
scending. 
cervical. 
acromial. 
Supramandibular. 
See Maxillary, su- 
perior. 
Supramaxillary. 
See Maxillary, su- 
perior. 
Supra-orbital. 
Sensation. 
Ophthalmic. 
Upper lid, forehead; 
Muscular, cutaneous, 
pericranium. 
and the pericranial 
branches. 
Suprascapular. 
Sensation and motion. 
Fifth and sixth cer- 
vical. 
Scapular muscles, etc. 
Suprasternal. 
Sensation. 
Cervical plexus. 
Skin over upper part 
of sternum. 
Supratrochlear. 
Sensation. 
Ophthalmic (fron- 
tal). 
Upper eyelid, forehead. 
Muscular, cutaneous. 
Sympathetic. 
See System, sym- 
pathetic. 
Temporal. 
Motion. 
Inferior maxillary. 
Temporal muscle. 
Temporal. 
Sensation. 
Orbital. 
Skin over temporal 
muscle. 734 
NERVOSIN 
NERVI 
A TABLE OF THE NERVES.- Continued. 
Nbrve. 
Function. 
Origin. 
Distribution. 
1 
Branches. 
Temporal. 
Motion. 
Temporofacial. 
Attrahens and attollens 
Muscular. 
\ 
Temporal, superficial. 
Temporofacial. 
Sensation. 
Motion. 
Auriculotemporal. 
Facial. 
aurem, corrugator 
supercilii, orbicularis 
palpebrarum, occipi- 
tofrontalis. 
Skin over temporal 
fascia. 
Temple and upper 
Temporal, malar, infra- 
Temporomalar. 
Thoracic, posterior 
or long. 
Thoracic, spinal. 
Thoracics, anterior 
See Orbital. 
Motion. 
Sensation and motion. 
Motion. 
Brachial plexus; 
fifth and sixth 
cervical. 
Cord. 
Brachial plexus. 
face. 
Serratus magnus. 
Muscles and skin of 
chest. 
Pectoralis major and 
orbital. 
and exterior. 
Tibial, anterior. 
Sensation, motion. 
External popliteal. 
minor. 
Tibialis anticus, ex- 
Articular, muscular, ex- i 
Tibial, posterior. 
Sensation and motion. 
Internal popliteal. 
tensor longus digito- 
rum, peroneus teres, 
joints of foot, skin of 
toes. 
Tibialis posterior, 
ternal, internal, cuta- 
neous, recurrent, etc. 
Plantaris, muscular cu- ■ 
Tiedeman's. 
Tonsillar. 
Trigeminus or trifacial 
A plexus of nerve- 
fibers around the 
central artery of 
the retina, derived 
from the ciliary 
nerves. 
Sensation. 
Motion, sensation, 
Glossopharyngeal. 
Oblongata and floor 
flexor longus digito- 
rum, flexor longus 
pollicis, skin of heel 
and sole, ankle-joint, 
etc. 
Fauces, tonsil, soft pal- 
ate. 
Skin of face, tongue, 
taneous, articular, i 
etc. 
I 
► 
Ophthalmic, superior 
(fifth cranial). 
taste. 
of fourth ventri- 
and teeth. 
and inferior maxil- 
Trochlear. 
Tympanic. 
Tympanic. 
Tympanic {Jacobson's 
See Patheticus. 
Motion. 
Sensation. 
Sensation. 
cle. 
Facial. 
Sympathetic. 
Glossopharyngeal. 
Stapedius. 
Tympanum. 
Tympanum; fenestra 
rotunda and ovalis; 
Eustachian tube. 
Muscles, shoulder- 
lary divisions. 
Communicating, tym- . 
nerve). 
Ulnar. 
Sensation and motion. 
Inner cord of bra- 
panic, and petrosal. 
Two articular, muscu- : 
Vagus. 
Vestibular. 
See Pneumogastric. 
Sensation. 
chial plexus. 
Auditory. 
joint, wrist-joint, and 
skin of wrist, palm, 
and little finger. 
Utricle and ampullae of 
lar, palmar, cuta- i 
neous, dorsal, supe- 
rior palmar, deep pal- 
mar. 
Superior, middle, infe- 
Vidian. 
Of Willis. 
Wrisberg's. 
Sensation. 
See Spinal accessory. 
See Cutaneous, lesser 
internal. 
Union of large su- 
perficial and deep 
petrosal. 
semicircular canals. 
To Meckel's ganglion. 
rior. 
matter, but, remaining in the white substance, 
eventually undergoes division into a mass of 
delicate fibrillae (neuropodia or telodendrons). 
In both types delicate collateral branches (axoden- 
drites) are given off from the axis-cylinder proc- 
esses. The protoplasmic processes, or dendrites, 
end in arborizations of tree-like, branching ter- 
minations, known as end-branches, or teloden- 
drons. n.-center, any group of cells of gray 
nerve-substance having a common function, 
centrifugal n., any nerve which carries im- 
pulses to the periphery, centripetal n. Same 
as aff'erent n. cranial n., any peripheral nerve 
connected with the brain. The cranial nerves are 
arranged in twelve pairs, crotaphitic n., the 
upper maxillary portion of the fifth cerebral 
nerve, cubital n., the ulnar nerve, depressor 
n. i. Any afferent nerve whose stimulation de- 
presses a motor center. 2. A nerve which lowers 
the activity of an organ, efferent n., exodic n. 
Same as centrifugal n. eighth n., the auditory 
nerve. See table of nerves, eleventh n., the spinal 
accessory nerve, n.-ending, any terminus of a 
nerve, especially if peripheral, esodic n. Same 
as afferent n. excitor n., a nerve which transmits 
stimuli that increase functional activity, excito- 
reflex n., a visceral nerve which produces reflex 
action, fifth n., the trigeminus. See table of 
nerves first n., the olfactory nerve. See table 
of nerves, fourth n., the trochlear nerve. See 
table of nerves. frigorific n., the sympa- 
thetic nerve, stimulation of which lowers the 
temperature, furcal n. [L. fur'ca fork], the 
fourth lumbar nerve: so called because it is di- 
vided between the lumbar and the sacral plexus, 
gangliated n., any nerve of the sympathetic 
system, n.-grafting, the replacement of a 
piece of defective nerve by a segment from a NERVES 
NERVES 
A.-Cutaneous Nerves of Anterior and Inner Part of Thigh : 1, external cutaneous nerve; 2, 3, middle cutaneous; 4, filament to 
Jartorius: 5, internal cutaneous nerve; 6, its anterior division ;• 7, one of its upper branches; 8, a cutaneous twig from the nerve to 
pectineus; 9, patellar branch of internal saphenous nerve; 10, continuation of saphenous to leg. 
B.-Deep Nerves of Anterior and Inner Part of Thigh : 1, anterior crural nerve ; 2, branches to iliacus muscle; 3. branch to psoas ; 
4, internal and middle cutaneous nerves ; 5, 6, nerves to the pectineus ; 7, cutaneous filament from the last; 8, posterior branch of the in- 
ternal cutaneous nerve ; 9, branch to rectus ; 10, branch to vastus externus ; 11, branch to vastus internus ; 12, internal saphenous nerve; 
13, its patellar branch ; 14, its continuation to leg; 15, obturator nerve; 16, branch to adductor longus ; 17, branch to adductor brevis ; 18, 
branch to gracilis; 19, deep branch of obturator nerve toadductor magnus; 20, lumbosacral cord; 21, its union with first sacral nerve; 
22, 22, lumbar and sacral parts of sympathetic nerve; 23, external cutaneous nerve. 
C.-Deep Posterior Nerves of Hip and Thigh : 1, superior gluteal nerve ; 2, 2, 2, ramifications of inferior gluteal nerve ; 3, pudic 
nerve; 3', its farther course; 4, inferior pudendal; 5, points to the divided small sciatic or posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh; 6, great 
sciatic nerve; 6', 6', some of its muscular branches to hamstrings ; 7, internal popliteal nerve; 7', its muscular or sural branches; 8, exter- 
nal popliteal nerve; 8', its external cutaneous branch ; 9, communicating tibial; 9', communicating peroneal branch to external saphe- 
nous nerve. 
»filin 
Cutaneous Nerves of Outer Side of Leg and Foot : 1, external 
popliteal nerve ; 2, its lateral cutaneous branch; 3, peroneal com- 
municating branch which unites with 4. the tibial communicating, 
in 5, the external saphenous nerve; 6, calcaneal branch of external 
saphenous; 7, external dorsal digital branch of fifth toe; 8, dorsal 
digital branch of fourth and fifth toes ; 9, 9, musculocutaneous 
nerve ; 10, 10, its two divisions ; 11, union with external saphenous ; 
12, communication between outer and inner branches; 13, anterior 
tibial nerve ; 14, its inner terminal branch; 15, recurrent articular 
nerve. 
Distribution of Branches of External Popliteal Nerve on- 
Front of Leg and Dorsum of Foot : i, external popliteal or pero- 
neal nerve ; i'» its recurrent articular branches ; 2, 2, musculocu- 
taneous nerve; 2', 2', twigs to long and short peroneal muscles; 
3, 3', internal branch of musculocutaneous nerve; 4, 4'. 4'. its ex- 
ternal branch ; 5, external saphenous nerve, uniting at two places 
with outer branch of musculocutaneous; 5', its branch to the outer 
side of the fifth toe; 6, anterior tibial nerve; 6'. 6', its muscular 
branches in leg; 6", of the anterior tibial nerve after it has passed 
into the foot; 7, its inner branch uniting with a twig of the muscu- 
locutaneous and giving the dorsal digital nerves; 8, distribution 
of its outer branch to extensor brevis digitorum and tarsal articu- 
lations. NERVI 
735 
NETWORK 
sound one. inhibitory n., any nerve whose 
stimulation lowers or inhibits the activity of 
an organ or center, intermediary n. 1. The 
lesser internal cutaneous nerve. 2. The smaller of 
the two roots of the seventh cranial nerve. Called 
also nerve of Wrisberg, pars intermedia facialis, 
and portio intermedia facialis, mixed n., one 
which is both sensory and motor, motor n., one 
which contains wholly or chiefly motor fibers, 
ninth n., the glossopharyngeal nerve. See table 
of nerves, pain n., a sensory nerve whose func- 
tion is the conduction of painful stimuli, pero- 
neal n., the common peroneal nerve is the external 
popliteal nerve; deep peroneal nerve is the same as 
the anterior tibial nerve; the superficial peroneal 
nerve is the same as the musculocutaneous nerve, 
pressor n., any afferent nerve whose irritation 
stimulates a vasomotor center and increases intra- 
vascular tension. Scarpa's n., the nasopalatine 
nerve, second n., the optic nerve. See table of 
nerves, secretory n., any efferent nerve whose 
stimulation increases vascular activity, sensory 
n., a peripheral nerve which conducts afferent im- 
pulses from a sense organ to the spinal cord or 
brain; an afferent nerve, seventh n., the facial 
nerve. See table of nerves, sixth n., the abducens 
nerve. See table of nerves, somatic n's, the sen- 
sory and motor nerves. Sommering's n., the 
long pudendal nerve, space-n's, fibers of the audi- 
tory nerve going to the semicircular canals, spinal 
n., any nerve which makes its exit from 
the vertebral column, splanchnic n's, the 
nerves of the blood-vessels and viscera: in 
man they arise from the thoracic ganglia of the 
sympathetic, n.-storm, a sudden outburst of 
nervous disorder, n.-stretching, the stretching 
of a nerve, chiefly to relieve pain, sympathetic 
n., one of the nerves of the sympathetic ner- 
vous system. See sympathetic system under system. 
tenth n., the vagus nerve. See table of nerves. 
thermic n. Same as calorific n. third 
n., the oculomotor nerve. See table of nerves. 
thoracodorsal n., the middle subscapular nerve. 
Tiedemann's n., a plexus of nerve-fibrils 
around the central artery of _ the retina, arising 
from the ciliary nerves, n.-tire. Same as neu- 
rasthenia. trisplanchnic n., the sympathetic 
nerve; a general name for the nerves of the sym- 
pathetic system, trophic n., one which aids in 
regulating nutrition, twelfth n., the hypo- 
glossal nerve, vasoconstrictor n., one whose 
stimulation contracts blood-vessels, vasodila- 
tor n., one whose stimulation dilates blood- 
vessels. vasomotor n., any nerve concerned in 
controlling the caliber of vessels, whether as a 
vasodilator or a vasoconstrictor, vasosensory 
n., any nerve supplying sensory filaments to the 
vessels. Wrisberg's n. See intermediary n. 
nervi (ner'vi) [pl. of L. ner'vus nerve]. Nerves, 
n. erigentes [L. "erecting nerves"], minute 
nerve-fibers going to the rectum, bladder, and 
genital organs from the second and third sacral 
nerves, n. nervo'rum, nerve-filaments going to 
the nerves and nerve-sheaths, n. vaso'rum, the 
nerves that supply the blood-vessels. They are 
located in the sheath of the vessels. 
nervimotility (ner"vim-o-til'it-e). Susceptibility 
to nervimotion. 
nervimotion (ner-vim-o'shun). Motion effected 
through the agency of a nerve. 
nervimotor (ner-vi-mo'tor). Pertaining to a mo- 
tor nerve. 
nervimuscular (ner-vi-mus'ku-lar). Pertaining 
to the nerve-supply of muscles. 
nervine (ner'vin). 1. Affecting the nerves; allay- 
ing nervous excitement. 2. A remedy for ner- 
vous disorders; a nerve-tonic. 3. A therapeutic 
preparation of the gray substance of the brains 
of sheep. 4. A proprietary remedy for gout, 
rheumatism, and neuralgia. 
nervitone (ner'vit-on). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of phosphorus, iron, asafetida, sumbul, and 
nux vomica. 
nervocidin (ner-vo-si'din) [L. ner'vus nerve + 
ca'dere to kill]. An alkaloid from the Indian 
plant, gasu-basu. It is a powerful local anes- 
thetic and is used in dentistry. 
nervol (ner'vol). A sedative preparation of sodium- 
yanadium citrochlorid and lithium bromid: used 
in hysteria. 
nervomuscular (ner-vo-mus'ku-lar). Same as 
nervimuscular. 
nervosin (ner'vo-sin). A proprietary mixture of 
reduced iron with valerian and aromatics: for 
neurasthenia and hysteria. Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.25- 
0.5 gm.), in a pill. 
nervosism (ner'vo-sizm). 1. Neurasthenia. 2. The 
theory that disease is dependent on variations in 
nerve force. 
nervosity (ner-vos'it-e). Morbid nervousness. 
nervous (ner'vus) [L. nervo'sus], 1. Pertaining to 
a nerve or to nerves. 2. Unduly excitable. 
nervousness (ner'vus-nes). Morbid or undue ex- 
citability; a state of excessive irritability, with 
great mental and physical unrest. 
nervus (ner'vus), pl. ner'vi. Latin for nerve. 
nesain (nes'a-in). A yellowish powder, a compound 
of arsenic and protein, used hypodermically in a 10 
per cent, solution in cancer. 
Nessler's reagent (nes'lerz) [German chemist, 
born 1827-1905]. See reagent. 
nesslerization (nes-ler-iz-a'shun). Treatment with 
Nessler's reagent. 
nesslerize (nes'ler-iz). To treat with Nessler's 
reagent. 
nesteostomy (nes-te-os'to-me) [nestis + Gr. arbna- 
mouth]. Operation of forming a permanent open- 
ing into the jejunum through the abdominal wall. 
nestiatria (nes-ti-a'tre-ah). See hunger-cure. 
nestiostomy (nes-te-os'to-me) [Gr. pijarcs jejunum 
+ aro/ia mouth]. Jejunostomy. 
nestis (nes'tis) [Gr. ^aris]. An old name for the 
jejunum. 
nestitherapy (nes-te-ther'ap-e). Nestotherapy. 
nestotherapy (nes-to-ther'ap-e) [Gr. pfjaris hunger 
+ therapy]. Hunger-cure; the therapeutic use of 
fasting or of a restricted diet. 
nests, Brunn's epithelial. Solid or branched 
clusters of cells occurring in the healthy ureter. 
Called also cell-nest, cancer-n's, masses of 
concentrically arranged cells seen in cancerous 
growths. 
net, achromatic. The network within the cell 
which does not stain dyes, n., chromidial, a 
network of chromatin staining material in the pro- 
toplasm of certain cells. It has the properties of 
active nuclear material. 
net-knots (net-nots). A variety of cell-nucleoli 
which appear to be merely thickened portions of 
the chromatic network. Called also karyosomes, 
as distinguished from plasmosomes. 
Ne tr. s. num. Abbreviation for L. ne tra'das si'ne 
num'mo, do not deliver unless paid. 
nettle (net'l). See Urtica. 
nettle-rash (net"l-rash). See urticaria. 
network (net'werk). A rete, reticulum, or retiform 
structure; also a mitome. cell n. Same as 
mitoma. Chiari's n., a network of fine fibers 
which sometimes extends across the interior of 
the right auricle of the heart. Gerlach's 
n., an apparent (but not real) interlacement 
of the dendritic processes of the ganglion-cells 
of the spinal cord. n. of Gesvelst, a retic- 
ular appearance sometimes seen on the myelin- 
sheath, perhaps artificial, neurofibrillar n., the 
network formed by the neurofibrils of a nerve-cell, 
peritarsal n., a set of lymphatics in the eyelid. 
Purkinje's n., a reticulation of immature mus- NEU 
736 
NEURAXON 
cle-fibers in the subendocardial tissue of the ven- 
tricles of the heart, subpapillary n., the layer 
of capillaries underlying the skin. 
neu (nu). Same as neurilemma. 
Neubauer's artery (noi'bow-erz) [Johann Ernst 
Neubauer, German anatomist, 1742-1777]. The 
deep thyroid artery. 
Neumann's cells, sheath (noi'manz) [Ernst 
Neumann, German pathologist, 1834-1918]. See 
under cell and sheath. 
Neumann's disease (noi'manz) [Isador Neumann, 
dermatologist in Vienna, 1832-1906]. Pemphigus 
vegetans. 
Neumann's law (noi'manz) [Franz Ernst Neu- 
mann, German physicist, 1798-1895]. See under law. 
neuracetin (nu-ras'et-in). A proprietary analgesic 
compound allied to phenacetin. 
neurad (nu'rad). Toward a neural axis or aspect, 
neuradynamia (nu"rad-in-a'me-ah) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + a priv. -j- bwapis power]. Same as neu- 
rasthenia. 
neuragmia (nu-rag'me-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
aypbs break]. The tearing of a nerve-trunk from 
its ganglion. 
neural (nu'ral) [L. neura'lis; Gr. vevpov nerve]. 
Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 
neuralgia (nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in a nerve or in nerves, or radiating 
along the course of a nerve; a name applied to 
pain, which may result from any one or more of 
a great variety of morbid conditions. Neuralgic 
pain is of a severe darting or throbbing charac- 
ter, intermittent, and is attended by sensitive- 
ness of the skin and by the presence of ten- 
der points {punc'ta doloro'sa) where the cutane- 
ous branches of the nerve are given off from the 
deeper parts. Many varieties of neuralgia are 
distinguished according to the part affected or to 
the cause, as bronchial, facial, occipital, supra- 
orbital, etc., and anemic, diabetic, gouty, mala- 
rial, syphilitic, etc. cardiac n., angina pectoris, 
degenerative n., that which occurs in persons 
of advanced age, and is marked by signs of degen- 
eration in the central nervous system, epilepti- 
form n., tic douloureux, n. facia'lis ve'ra, 
geniculate neuralgia, geniculate n., neuralgia 
involving the geniculate ganglion which is the 
sensory mechanism of the facial nerve. Pain is 
limited to the middle ear and auditory canal. 
Called also geniculate otalgia, Hunt's neuralgia, and 
neuralgia facialis vera. hallucinatory n., a 
mental impression of pain without any actual 
peripheral pain. Hunt's n., geniculate neuralgia, 
idiopathic n., neuralgia that is not accompanied 
by any structural change, intercostal n., neu- 
ralgia of the intercostal nerves causing pain in the 
side, mammary n., neuralgic pain in the breast. 
Morton's n., neuralgia in the metatarsophalan- 
geal joint of the .hird and fourth toes. It is caused 
by slight dislocation producing pressure on the 
digital branch of the external plantar nerve, 
nasociliary n., pain in the eyes, brow, and root 
of the nose, otic n., geniculate neuralgia, red 
n., erythromelalgia. reminiscent n., a mental 
impression of neuralgic pain persisting after the 
actual pain has ceased, sciatic n., sciatica, 
stump-n., neuralgia in the seat of an amputa- 
tion. supra-orbital n., neuralgia of the supra- 
orbital nerve, symptomatic n., neuralgia in 
which there is slight structural change. 
neuralgic (nu-ral'jik). Pertaining to or of the na- 
ture of neuralgia. 
neuralgiform (nu-ral'je-form). Like neuralgia. 
neuralgin (nu-ral'jin). A proprietary mixture of 
caffein, antifebrin, and sodium salicylate: anti- 
rheumatic. Dose, 8-45 gr. (0.5-3 gm.). 
neuralthein (nu-ral-the'in). Sodium paraethyl- 
oxyphenyl aminomethane, C2H5O.CsH4.NH.CH2.- 
SO2.ONa: used as a febrifuge. Dose, 4-8 gr. 
(0.25-0.5 gm.). 
neural ward (nu'ral-ward). Same as neurad. 
neuramebimeter (nu"ram-e-bim'et-er) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + apoi^r] response + perpov measure]. An 
instrument for measuring the reaction-time of 
the nerves. 
neuranagenesis (nu"ran-ah-jen'es-is) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + avayevvdv to regenerate]. Regeneration 
or renewal of nerve tissue. 
neurangiosis (nu"ran-je-o'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
a.yye'iov vessel]. A neurosis of the blood-ves- 
sels. 
neurapophysis (nu-rap-of'is-is) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
+ apophysis]. The structure forming either side 
of the neural arch; also the part supposedly 
homologous with the above in a so-called cranial 
vertebra. 
neurarchy (nu'rar-ke) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- apxri 
rule]. The control of the cerebrospinal system 
over the body. 
neurarthropathy (nu-rar-throp'ath-e). Joint dis- 
ease combined with disease of the nerves. 
neurasthenia (nu-ras-the'ne-ah, nu"ras-the-ni'ah) 
[Gr. vevpov nerve + avdeveta debility]. Nervous 
prostration; a nervous disorder characterized by 
abnormal fatiguability. The name for a group of 
symptoms resulting from some functional disorder 
of the nervous system, with severe depression of the 
vital forces. It is usually due to prolonged and 
excessive expenditure of energy, and is marked 
by tendency to fatigue, lack of energy, pain in 
the back, loss of memory, insomnia, constipation, 
loss of appetite, etc. acoustic n., neurasthenia 
marked by deafness of varying degrees, adrenal 
n., neurasthenia due to defective or disordered 
adrenal activity, angioparalytic n., angio- 
pathic n., a condition in neurasthenic patients 
in which there is a constant sense of the pulse- 
beat. cardiac n. See cardioneurosis. cardio- 
vascular n., cardiophrenia. cerebral n., a 
variety characterized by mental and visual dis- 
turbances and other head symptoms, gastric n., 
a form characterized by functional stomach com- 
plications. n. gra'vis, a severe form of neuras- 
thenia with great exhaustion on the slightest 
exertion, grippal n., neurasthenia occurring as 
a sequel of influenza, obsessive n., psychas- 
thenia. optic n., neurasthenia attended with 
contraction of the field of vision, n. prse'cox, 
neurasthenia occurring during adolescence, pros- 
tatic n., a neurasthenic condition due to pros- 
tatic hyperemia and hyperesthesia, pulsating 
n. S.ame as angioparalytic n. n. pu'ra, true 
neurasthenia, sexual n., a variety associated 
with disorders of the sexual function, spinal n., 
neurasthenia with marked spinal cord symptoms, 
traumatic n., neurasthenia following shock or 
injury; accident neurosis. 
neurastheniac (nu-ras-the'ne-ak). A person suf- 
fering from neurasthenia. 
neurasthenic (nu-ras-then'ik). Pertaining to or 
affected with neurasthenia. 
neurataxia, neurataxy (nu-rat-aks'e-ah, nu'rat- 
aks-e) [Gr. vevpov nerve -f- ataxia]. Neuras- 
thenia. 
neuratrophia, neuratrophy (nu-rat-ro'fe-ah, nu- 
rat'ro-fe) [Gr. vevpov nerve + arpotpla atrophy]. 
Impaired nutrition of the nervous system. 
neuratrophic (nu-rat-rof'ik). i. Characterized by 
atrophy of the nerves. 2. A person affected with 
atrophy of the nerves. 
neuraxial (nu-raks'e-al). Pertaining to the neu- 
raxis. 
neuraxis (nu-raks'is) [Gr. vevpov nerve + alps axis]. 
1. An axis-cylinder process. See axon. 2. The 
cerebrospinal axis. 
neuraxitis (nu-rak-si'tis) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
axis + itis inflammation]. Encephalitis. 
epidemic n., epidemic encephalitis. 
neuraxon (nu-raks'on) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
axis]. Any axis-cylinder process. See axon. neure (nur). A nerve-cell with all its processes; a 
neuron. 
neurectasia, neurectasis, neurectasy (nu- 
rek-ta'ze-ah, nu-rek'tas-is, nu-rek'tas-e) [Gr. 
vevpov nerve + eKraacs stretching]. The sur- 
gical stretching of a nerve. 
neurectomy (nu-rek'to-me) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
eKTop-q excision]. The excision of a part of a 
nerve, opticociliary n., excision of the optic 
and ciliary nerves. 
neurectopia, neurectopy (nu-rek-to'pe-ah, nu- 
rek'to-pe) [Gr. vevpov nerve + eK-roiros out of 
place]. Displacement of a nerve or abnormal 
situation of a nerve. 
neurenergen (nu-ren'er-jen) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
epyov work + yevvdv to produce]. A substance 
which, it is supposed, is absorbed by the neurons 
from the bodily fluids and serves to maintain their 
energy. 
neurenteric (nu-ren-te/ik) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
evrepov bowel]. Pertaining to the medullary tube 
of the embryo and to the archenteron. 
neurepithelia* (nu-rep-e-the'le-al). Pertaining to 
neurepithenum. 
neurepithelium (nu-rep-e-the'le-um) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + epithelium], i. The epithelium forming 
the nerve terminations of the organ of Corti and 
the retina. 2. The epiblast, which becomes the 
cerebrospinal axis. 
neurergic (nu-rer'jik) [Gr. vevpov nerve + epyov 
work]. Pertaining to or dependent on nerve ac- 
tion. 
neurexairesis (nu"rek-si-re'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
+ Qaapelv to extract]. Operation of tearing out 
nerves. 
neurhypnology (nur-hip-nol'o-je). Same as neu- 
rohypnology. 
neuriatry (nu-ri'at-re) [Gr. vevpov nerve + larpela 
medication]. The treatment of nervous diseases. 
neuricity (nu-ris'it-e) [Gr. vevpov nerve]. The 
specific energy peculiar to the nervous system. 
neuridin (nu'rid-in). A ptomain, C5HMN2, from 
decaying animal matter. 
neurilemma (nu-ril-em'ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
Xeppa sheath]. The thin membranous outer 
covering surrounding the myelin sheath of a nerve- 
fiber or the axis-cylinder of a non-medullated 
nerve-fiber. Called also primitive sheath, sheath of 
Schwann, and nucleated sheath. See under nerve. 
neurilemmitis (nu"ril-em-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the neurilemma. 
neurility (nu-ril'it-e). The sum of the attributes 
and functions of nerve tissue. 
neurilla (nu-ril'ah). A proprietary nerve tonic 
said to contain scutellaria. 
neurimotility (nu"ri-mo-til'it-e). See nervimo- 
tility. 
neurimotor (nu-rim-o'tor). Same as nervimotor. 
neurin (nu'rin) [Gr. vevpov nerve], i. The most 
important of the albuminoid constituents of the 
nervous tissues. 2. A poisonous ptomain, vinyl 
trimethyl ammonium hydroxid, CH2.CH.N.- 
(CHsja.OH, found in decaying fish, fungi, etc., and 
produced by the decomposition of protagon. 3. 
A therapeutic extract of nerve tissue. Neurin has 
been strongly recommended as an injection in 
treatment of cancer. 
neurinoma (nu-rin-o'mah) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
-wpa. tumor], A benign tumor of a nerve originating 
in the sheath of Schwann and composed of glia 
tissue. 
neurinomatosis (nu"rin-o-mat-o'sis). Same as 
neurinoma. 
neurit, neurite (nu'rit, nu'rit). Any axis-cylinder 
process from a nerve-cell; a neuron. 
neuritic (nu-rit'ik). Pertaining to or affected .with 
neuritis. 
neuritis (nu-ri'tis). Inflammation of a nerve. 
NEURE 
737 
The condition is attended by pain and tenderness 
over the nerves, anesthesia, disturbances of 
sensation, paralysis, wasting, and disappear- 
ance of the reflexes, adventitial n., that which 
affects the sheath of a nerve, alcoholic n., a 
form due to alcoholism, ascending n., that 
which progresses centrad or centripetally toward 
the brain or spinal cord, axial n., inflamma- 
tion of the central part of a nerve, central 
n., parenchymatous neuritis, degenerative 
n., neuritis in which there is degeneration of 
the proper nerve substance, descending n., 
that which progresses centrifugally or away from 
the brain and spinal cord, diabetic n., that 
which is associated with diabetes, diphtheric 
n., a form resulting from diphtheria, dis- 
seminated n., parenchymatous neuritis. Eich- 
horst's n., neuritis fascians. endemic n. See 
beriberi, facial n., Bell's palsy. fallopian n., 
neuritis of the facial nerve in the fallopian canal, 
n. fas'cians, neuritis in which the lesions of the 
nerve-sheath seem to affect also the interstitial 
tissue of the muscles. Called also Eichhorst's n. 
interstitial n., inflammation of the connective 
tissue of a nerve-trunk, intra-ocular n., neuritis 
of the retinal part of the optic nerve, lep- 
rous n., a form associated with true leprosy. 
Leyden's n., lipomatous neuritis, lipomatous 
n., that in which the nerve-fibers are destroyed 
and a fatty connective tissue takes their place, 
lymphatic n. See mesoneuritis. malarial n., 
a form due to malarial poisoning, malarial 
multiple n., a disease endemic in Jamaica, n. 
mi'grans, migrating n., a form which ascends 
one nerve to a center and then descends another 
nerve, multiple n., that which affects several 
nerves at once. It is due to various causes, especi- 
ally to alcoholic or other poisoning, to diphtheria, 
pneumonia, and other infectious diseases. See 
perineuritis, polyneuritis, n. nodo'sa, a form char- 
acterized by the formation of nodes on the nerves, 
optic n., inflammation of the optic nerve. 
It may affect the part of the nerve within the 
eyeball {papillitis') or the portion behind the 
eyeball (retrobulbar n.). parenchymatous n., 
neuritis affecting principally the medullary sub- 
stance and axis-cylinders, peripheral n., in- 
flammation of the nerve-endings or of terminal 
nerves, post-febrile n., that which mostly 
follows an attack of severe exanthematous disease, 
postocular n., retrobulbar optic neuritis, pres- 
sure n., a form due to compression, n. puer- 
pera'lis traumat'ica, traumatic maternal birth 
paralysis, retrobulbar n. See option. rheu- 
matic n., a form associated with rheumatic symp- 
toms. sciatic n. Same as sciatica, segmental 
n., segmentary n., parenchymatous neuritis ex- 
isting in segments which are separated by portions 
of nearby healthy nerves, senile n., a form that 
attacks the legs and feet of aged people, sympa- 
thetic n., that form which involves an opposite 
nerve without invading a nerve-center, tabetic 
n., a form associated with locomotor ataxia, toxic 
n., that which is due to some poison, traumatic 
n., that which is caused by an injury. 
neuro-amebiasis (nu"ro-am-e-bi'as-is). Neuritis 
due to amebic dysentery. 
neuro-anatomy (nu"ro-an-at'o-me) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + anatomy]. The anatomy of the nervous 
system. 
neuro-arthritism (nu-ro-ar'thrit-izm). The ner- 
vous and gouty diathesis. 
neurobion (nu-ro-bi'on) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
^los life], i. Any one of the delicate granules 
filling the nerve-cells. 2. Any one of the hypo- 
thetic ultramicroscopic particles of living matter 
concerned in the regeneration of nerves. 
neurobiotaxis (nu"ro-bi-o-taks'is) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + biotaxis]. Shifting of nerve-cells (motor 
nuclei) toward the point whence the majority of 
stimuli proceeds to the cells. 
neuroblast (nu'ro-blast) [Gr. vevpov nerve + /3\aa- 
NEUROBLAST tos germ]. Any embryonic cell from which nerv- 
ous tissue is formed. 
neuroblastoma? (nu"ro-blas-to'mah). A tumor 
consisting of cells which tend to differentiate into 
nerve-cells. Called also neurocytoma, n. sym- 
path'icum, n. sympathet'icum, a tumor of 
sympathetic nerve-cell origin located in the ad- 
renals. 
neurocain (nu-ro-ka'in). Billets of cocain hydro- 
chlorid containing gr. (0.005 gm.) each. Used 
for pressure anesthesia and in dental practice. 
neurocardiac (nu-ro-kar'de-ak) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
4- Kapbla heart]. Pertaining to the nervous sys- 
tem and the heart. 
neurocele (nu'ro-sel) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- Koi\ov 
hollow]. The ventricles of the brain and the 
central canal of the cord taken together. 
neurocentrum (nu-ro-sen'trum). One of the 
embryonic vertebral elements from which the spin- 
ous processes of the vertebrae are developed. 
neuroceptor (nu'ro-sep-tor) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
L. cap'ere to take]. One of the terminal elements of 
a dendrite which receives the stimulus from the 
neuromittor of the adjoining neuron. Called also 
ceptor. 
neuroceratin (nu-ro-ser'at-in). Neurokeratin. . 
neurochitin (nu-ro-ki'tin) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
XiTwr tissue]. The substance that forms the frame- 
work support of nerve-fibers. 
neurochondrite (nu-ro-kon'drit) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
4- xbvbpos cartilage]. One of the embryonic 
cartilaginous elements which develop into the 
neural arch of a vertebra. 
neurochorioretinitis (nu"ro-ko"re-o-ret-in-i'tis) 
[Gr. vevpov nerve 4- chorioretinitis]. Inflamma- 
tion of the optic nerve, choroid, and retina. 
neurochoroiditis (nu"ro-ko-roid-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the choroid coat and ciliary nerves. 
neurocircuiatory asthenia (nu-ro-cir'cu-la-to- 
re). See under asthenia. 
neuroclonic (nu-ro-klon'ik) [Gr. evvpov nerve 4- 
kXovos spasm]. Characterized by nervous spasms. 
neurocranium (nu-ro-kra'ne-um). The portion 
of the cranium which incloses the brain. 
neurocyte (nu'ro-sit) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- kvtos 
cell]. A nerve-cell of any kind; a neuron. 
neurocytoma (nu"ro-si-to'mah). See neuroblas- 
toma. 
neurodegenerative (nu"ro-de-jen'er-a-tiv). Re- 
lating to or marked by nervous degeneration. 
neurodendrite, neurodendron (nu-ro-den'drit, 
nu-ro-den'dron) [neuron 4- dendron]. Any process 
of a nerve-cell combining the features of a neuron 
and a dendron. 
neuroderm (nu'ro-derm). The ectoderm or epi- 
blast. 
neurodermatitis (nu"ro-der-mat-i'tis). A skin 
inflammation with nervous complications. 
neurodermatosis (nu"ro-der-mat-o'sis). Derma- 
toneurosis. 
neurodermitis (nu"ro-der-mi'tis). Same as neuro- 
dermatitis. 
neurodiagnosis (nu"ro-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve 4- diagnosis]. The diagnosis of diseases of 
the nervous system. 
neurodin (nu-ro'din). 1. A base, C5H19N2, one 
of the products of the decomposition of flesh. 
2. Acetyl-para-oxyphenyl-urethan, C6H4(OCO- 
CH3)NH.COOC2H6, a patented remedy in col- 
orless crystals, soluble in 1400 parts of water 
and 140 parts of water at ioo° C. It is used 
as an antineuralgic in rheumatism, sciatica, mi- 
graine, etc., and as an antipyretic in pneumonia, 
typhoid fever, scarlatina, etc. Antipyretic dose, 
7J gr. (0.5 gm.); antineuralgic dose, 15-23 gr. 
(1-1.5 gm.). 
NEUROBLASTOMA 
738 
neurodocitis (nu-ro-do-si'tis). Inflammation of 
nerve roots resulting from compression in osseous 
or aponeurotic canals outside of the meninges 
(Sicard). 
neurodynamic (nu"ro-di-nam'ik) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
4- 6wapis force]. Relating to nervous energy. 
neurodynia (nu-ro-din'e-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
bOvv-q pain]. Pain in a nerve or in nerves. 
neuro-electrotherapeutics (nu"ro-e-lek"tro- 
ther-ap-u'tiks). The treatment of nervous diseases 
by electricity. 
neuro-enteric (nu-ro-en-ter'ik). Same as neur- 
enteric. 
neuro-epidermal (nu"ro-ep-id-er'mal) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + epidermis]. Pertaining to or giving ori- 
gin to the nervous and epidermal tissues. 
neuro-epithelial (nu"ro-ep-i-the'le-al). Pertain- 
ing to or composed of neuro-epithelium. 
neuro-epithelioma (nu"ro-ep-i-the-le-o'mah). A 
tumor composed of neuro-epithelium. 
neuro-epithelium (nu"ro-ep-i-the'le-um) [Gr. 
vevpov nerve + epithelium], i. A specialized 
epithelium forming the perceptive elements of 
the organs of special sense, as the hair-cells of 
the organ of Corti or the rods and cones of the 
retina. 2. The epithelium of the epiblast whence 
the cerebrospinal axis is developed. 
neuro-equilibrium (nu"ro-e-kwi-lib're-um). The 
condition of even tension in the nervous system 
favorable to a ready response to stimuli. 
neurofebrin (nu-ro-feb'rin). A mixture of neuro- 
nal and antifebrin. 
neuroflbril, neurofibrilla (nu-ro-fi'bril, nu-ro-fi- 
bril'ah). The supposed conducting element of the 
nerve-fibers and nerve-cells; a fiber forming a 
delicate network in the nerve-cells, and passing 
out of their processes and ending in or around a 
muscle or sense-cell. 
neurofibrillar (nu-ro-fi-bril'ar). Of or relating 
to the neurofibrils. 
neurofibroma (nu"ro-fi-bro'mah) [neuroma 4- 
fibroma], A connective-tissue tumor of the nerve- 
fiber fascicule, formed by proliferation of the 
perioneurium and endoneurium. 
neurofibromatosis (nu"ro-fi-bro-mat-o'sis). A 
condition marked by the formation of a large 
number of neurofibromata in the body. Called 
also multiple neuroma and Recklinghausen's disease. 
neurofibrositis (nu"ro-fi-bro-si'tis). Inflammation 
of nerve filaments; also inflammation of muscle- 
fibers (fibrositis) involving sensory nerve filaments. 
neurofil (nu'ro-fil) [Gr. vevpov nerve]. A network 
of processes springing from the beginning of the 
axis-cylinder and surrounding the cell. 
neurofixation (nu"ro-fik-sa'shun). Development 
of syphilis of the nervous system following the suc- 
cessful treatment of a syphilitic skin lesion by one 
of the arsenical preparations. 
neurogangliitis (nu"ro-gan-gle-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of a neuroganglion. 
neuroganglion (nu-ro-gang'le-on). A ganglion, or 
mass of nervous matter. 
neurogastric (nu-ro-gas'trik). Involving the 
nerves of the stomach. 
neurogen (nu'ro-jen). A substance supposed to 
exist at the synapse and liberate nervous energy. 
neurogenesis (nu-ro-jen'es-is) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
7tFe<ris production]. The development of nervous 
tissue. 
neurogenetic (nu"ro-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to 
neurogenesis. 
neurogenic (nu-ro-jen'ik) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
yevvdv to produce]. Forming nervous tissue, or 
stimulating nervous energy. 
neurogenous (nu-roj'en-us). Arising in the ner- 
vous system; arising from some lesion of the 
nervous system. 
NEUROGENOUS neuroglia (nu-rog'le-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve + yXia 
glue]. The supporting structure of nervous tis- 
sue (Virchow, 1854). It consists of a fine web of 
tissue made up of modified ectodermic elements, 
in which are inclosed peculiar branched cells 
known as glia-cells. Called also bind-web. n.- 
holes, certain perforations in Purkinje's cells. 
neurogliar, neuroglic (nu-rog'le-ar, nu-rog'lik). 
Pertaining to the neuroglia. 
neuroglioma (nu"ro-gli-o'mah) [neuroma + gli- 
oma], Glioma containing nerve-cells; a tumor 
made up of neurogliar tissue, n. gangliona're, 
a glioma in which ganglion-cells are embedded. 
neurogram (nu'ro-gram) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
ypauLiaa mark]. Prince's name for residua of past 
cerebral activities which make up the brain dis- 
position and thus take part in the formation of 
personality. 
neurography (nu-rog'raf-e) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
ypoupeiv to write]. A treatise on or description of 
the nerves. 
neurohematology (nu"ro-hem-at-ol'o-je). The 
study of blood-changes occurring in diseases of the 
nervous system. 
neurohistology (nu"ro-his-tol'o-je). The histol- 
ogy of the nervous system. 
neurohypnologist (nu"ro-hip-nol'o-jist). An ex- 
pert in neurohypnology. 
neurohypnology (nu"ro-hip-nol'o-je) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + vttvos sleep + \byos discourse]. The sum 
of knowledge concerning hypnotic conditions. 
neuro hypophysis (nu"ro-hi-pof'is-is). The pars 
nervosa or main part of the posterior lobe of the 
pituitary body. See pituitary body, under body. 
neuroid (nu'roid) [Gr. vevpov nerve + elbos form]. 
Resembling a nerve. 
neuro-induction (nu"ro-in-duk'shun) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + indu'cere to persuade]. Mental suggestion. 
neuro-inoma (nu"ro-in-o'mah). Neurofibroma. 
neuro-inomatosis (nu"ro-in-o-mat-o'sis) [Gr. 
vevpov nerve + is fiber + -opa tumor]. Neuro- 
fibromatosis. 
neurokeratin (nu-ro-ker'at-in) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
+ Ke pas horn]. A variety of keratin forming the 
supporting network of the myelin sheath of medul- 
lated nerve-fibers. 
neurokinet (nu-ro-kin'et) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
Kivelv to move]. An apparatus for stimulating 
the nerve by percussion. 
neurokym, neurokyme (nu'ro-kim). A nervous 
process in general; a nervous process. 
neurolabyrinthitis (nu"ro-lab-ir-in-thi'tis). In- 
flammation of the nervous structures of the 
labyrinth. 
neuro lecithin (nu-ro-les'ith-in). A proprietary 
preparation containing lecithin with fats and 
cholesterin. 
neurolemma (nu-ro-lem'ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
Xeppa sheath]. The retina. 
neurologist (nu-rol'o-jist). An expert in neurol- 
ogy or in the treatment of nervous diseases. 
neurology (nu-rol'o-je) [Gr. vevpov nerve + Xoyos 
discourse]. The sum of knowledge regarding the 
nervous system and its diseases. 
neurolymph (nu'ro-limf). The cerebrospinal fluid, 
neurolysin (nu-rol'is-in). A cytolysin which has 
a specific destructive action upon nerve-cells. 
neurolysis (nu-rol'is-is) [Gr. vevpov nerve + Xvais 
solution]. 1. The liberation of a nerve from ad- 
hesions. 2. The relief of tension upon a nerve 
obtained by stretching. 3. Exhaustion of nervous 
energy. 4. Destruction or dissolution of nerve 
tissue. 
neurolytic (nu-ro-lit'ik). Destructive of nerve 
substance. 
neuroma (nu-ro'mah) [Gr. vevpov nerve]. A tumor 
or new-growth largely made up of nerve substance; 
NEUROGLIA 
739 
a tumor growing from a nerve, amputation- 
n., neuroma of a stump after amputation. amye- 
linic n., one containing only non-medullated 
nerve-fibers., n. cu'tis, neuroma seated in the 
skin, cystic n., a false neuroma, or a myxoma 
which has become cystic, false n., one which 
does not contain genuine nerve-fibers, fascicular 
u., medullated n., a neuroma made up of 
medullated. nerve-fibers. ganglionated n., 
ganglionic n., one made up of true nerve-cells, 
malignant n., sarcoma of a nerve structure, 
usually spindle celled, multiple n. See neuro- 
matosis. myelinic n., one that contains medul- 
lated nerve-fibers, nevoid n., neuroma te- 
langiectodes. plexiform n., a form consisting 
of nodulous enlargements along the course of the 
cutaneous nerves, n. telangiecto'des, one 
which contains an excess of blood-vessels, trau- 
matic n., a neuroma seen in wounds and in am- 
putation stumps, true n., a neuroma made 
up of nerve tissue. Verneuil's n., plexif onn 
neuroma. 
neuromalacia, neuromalakia (nu"ro-mal-a'- 
se-ah, nu"ro-mal-a'ke-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
paXaKia softening]. Morbid softening of the 
nerves. 
neuromast (nu'ro-mast) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
■paaros hill], A nerve-hillock; a mass of neuro- 
epithelium constituting a sense-organ. 
neuromatosis (nu-ro-mat-o'sis). A diseased con- 
dition characterized by the presence of many 
neuromata. 
neuromatous (nu-rom'at-us). Affected with or 
of the nature of neuroma. 
neuromechanism (nu-ro-mek'an-izm). The 
structure and arrangement of the nervous system 
in relation to function. 
neuromere (nu'ro-mer) [Gr. vevpov nerve + pepos 
share]. One of the segments of the embryonic 
neural tube. 
neuromimesis (nu"ro-mi-me'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
+ mimesis]. Hysteric simulation of organic 
disease. 
neuromittor (nu-ro-mit'or) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
L. mit'tere to send]. One of the terminal elements 
at the peripheral end of a neuron which transfers 
a stimulus to the neuroceptor of the adjoining 
neuron. Called also mittor. 
neuromuscular (nu-ro-mus'ku-lar). Pertaining 
to nerves and muscles. 
neuromyelitis (nu"ro-mi-el-iztis) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
+ pveXbs marrow + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of nervous and medullary or myelonic sub- 
stance; myelitis attended with neuritis. n. 
op'tica, acute myelitis with optic neuritis. 
neuromyic (nu-ro-mi'ik) [Gr. vevpov nerve + /zus 
muscle]. Neuromuscular. 
neuromyon (nu-ro-mi'on) [Gr. vevpov nerve -f- pvs 
muscle]. The neural elements in a muscle. 
neuromyositis (nu"ro-mi-o-si'tis) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve + myositis]. Neuritis complicated with 
myositis. 
neuron, neurone (nu'ron, nu'rbn) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve], i. A nerve-cell with its processes, col- 
laterals, and terminations regarded as a structural 
unit of the nervous system. See nerve-cell. 2. A 
neuraxon. 3. The cerebrospinal axis, afferent 
n., a neuron which conducts a nervous impulse 
from a receptor to a center, correlation n., a 
neuron which takes part in the function of cor- 
relating various stimuli into the appropriate 
response. See correlation, efferent n., a neuron 
which conducts a nervous impulse from a center 
to an organ of response, intercalary n., a 
neuron forming the second portion of a peripheral 
reflex arc. It is situated within the central nervous 
system and receives the nerve impulse from the pe- 
ripheral sensory neuron and transmits it to the 
peripheral motor neuron, long n. Same as 
axis-cylinder, peripheral motor n., the third 
NEURON neuron in a peripheral reflex arc, receiving the 
impulse from the intercalary neuron and trans- 
mitting it to a voluntary muscle, peripheral 
sensory n., a neuron forming the receptive part 
of a peripheral reflex arc. It is situated outside 
the central nervous system. It has a peripheral 
branch forming a sensory nerve-fiber and a cen- 
tral branch which enters the central nervous sys- 
tem. Together with the intercalary neuron 
and the peripheral motor neuron it forms a 
peripheral reflex arc. Called also protoneuron. 
postganglionic n., an efferent sympathetic 
neuron which is excited by a preganglionic neuron, 
preganglionic n., an efferent sympathetic 
neuron whose cell body lies in the central nervous 
system, projection n., one which serves for the 
transmission of nervous impulses, whether motor or 
sensory, sensory n., one which transmits im- 
pulses from the skin to the cerebral cortex, short 
n., a local process from a nerve-cell or brain-cell 
reaching only to a nearby gray mass. 
neuronagenesis (nu"ro-naj-en'es-is, [neuron 4- Gr. 
a neg. 4- -yeppap to produce]. Lack of develop- 
ment of neurons. 
neuronal (nu'ro-nal). i. Pertaining to a neuron or 
neurons. 2. A gray powder, bromdiethylaceta- 
mid, slightly soluble in water: used as a hypnotic 
in doses of 7-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
neuronatrophy (nu-ron-at'ro-fe). Southard and 
.Solomon's term for any nervous disease due to 
sclerosis of neurons. 
neuronephric (nu-ro-nef'rik). Pertaining to the 
nervous and renal systems. 
neuronic (nu-ron'ik). Pertaining to or affecting a 
neuron. 
neuronidia (nu-ro-nid'e-ah). A proprietary hyp- 
notic for nervous insomnia. 
neuronist (nu'ro-nist). An anatomist who con- 
siders the nervous system as a mass of neurons. 
neuronitis (nu-ro-ni'tis). Inflammation of neurons; 
degeneration of neurons. 
neuronophage (nu-ron'of-aj) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
4- tpayeiv to eat]. A phagocyte which destroys 
nerve-cells. 
neuronophagia, neuronophagy (nu"ron-o-fa'- 
je-ah, nu-ron-of'aj-e) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- tpaye'iv to 
eat]. The destruction of nerve-cells by phago- 
cytic action. 
neuronophagocytosis (nu"ro-no-fag-o-si-to'sis). 
Same as neuronophagia. 
neuronosis (nu-ro-no'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerye 4- 
vbaos disease]. Any disease of nervous origin. 
Xieuronyxis (nu-ro-niks'is) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
vi^s puncture]. The surgical puncture of a 
.nerve. 
neuro-otology (nu"ro-o-toro-je). Neurotology. 
neuroparalysis (nu"ro-pa-ral'is-is). Paralysis due 
to disease of a nerve or nerves. 
neuroparalytic (nu"ro-par-al-it'ik). Pertaining 
to or caused by paralysis of a nerve. 
neuropath (nu'ro-path). A person with a hered- 
itary tendency to neurosis. 
neuropathic (nu-ro-path'ik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by a nervous disorder. 
neuropathist (nu-rop'ath-ist). A neurologist, 
neuropathogenesis (nu"ro-path-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. 
vevpov nerve 4- pathogenesis]. The development 
of nervous disease. 
neuropathology (nu"ro-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve 4- pathology]. The pathology of the nerves 
and nerve-centers. 
neuropathy (nu-rop'ath-e) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
iraOos disease]. 1. Any nervous disease. 2. A 
system of treatment whereby the activity of the 
cells , of the body can be controlled through the 
nerve mechanisms governing the given areas. 
neurophage (nu'ro-faj). Same as neuronophage. 
NEURONAGENESIS 
740 
neurophilic (nu-ro-fil'ik) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4" 
viXecv to love]. Same as neurotropic. 
neurophonia (nu-ro-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
<pcovq voice]. A form of nervous disorder in which 
the patient utters peculiar cries, sometimes like 
those of certain animals. 
neurophysiology (nu"ro-fiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve 4- physiology], The physiology of the 
nervous system. 
neuropil (nu'ro-pil) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- iriXos felt], 
i. A nerve substance of invertebrate animals be- 
lieved to correspond with the gray matter of 
vertebrates. 2. Same as neuropilem. 
neuropilem (nu-ro-pi'lem) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4" 
iriXos felt]. A complex of minute nerve-fibrils or 
processes from nerve-cells; a feltwork. 
neuroplasm (nu'ro-plazm) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
irXacrpa something formed]. The undifferentiated 
basophil protoplasm of a nerve-cell. Same as 
axoplasm, chorda-n., the rudiment in the em- 
bryo which develops into the chorda, notochord, 
and medullary plate. 
neuroplasmic (nu-ro-plaz'mik). Of or relating to 
neuroplasm. 
neuroplasty (nu'ro-plas-te) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
irXavaecv to form]. Plastic surgery of a nerve or 
of the nerves. 
neuroplex, neuroplexus (nu'ro-pleks, nu-ro- 
pleks'us). A plexus of nerves. 
neuroploca (nu-rop'lo-kah) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4* 
irXoKrj web]. A nerve-ganglion. 
neuropodion (nu-ro-po'de-on). Neuropodium. 
neuropodium (nu-rd-po'de-um), pl. neuropo'dia 
[Gr. vevpov nerve 4- ttovs foot]. Any one of the 
delicate fibrils forming the termination of axis- 
cylinder processes of the second type. See nerve-cell. 
neuropore (nu'ro-por) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- iropos 
pore]. An opening in the anterior end of the 
neural canal of the embryonic brain. 
neuropotential (nu-ro-po-ten'shal). Nerve energy; 
nerve potential. 
neuroprin (nu'ro-prin). A proprietary extract 
from nervous tissue: said to be a specific nerve 
tonic. 
neuropsychiatry (nu"ro-si-ki'at-re). The branch 
of medicine which deals with cases that are both 
neurologic and mental or on the borderland be- 
tween. 
neuropsychic (nu-ro-si'kik) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
rpvxy mind]. Pertaining to the nerve-center con- 
cerned in mental processes. 
neuropsychopathy (nu"ro-si-kop'ath-e) [Gr. vev- 
pov nerve 4- xpvxn mind 4- irdOos disease]. A dis- 
eased condition of the nerves and mind. 
neuropsychosis (nu"ro-si-ko'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
4- psychosis]. Nervous disease complicated with 
mental disorder. 
neurorecidive (nu"ro-ra-se-dev/). Neurorelapse. 
neurorecurrence (nu"ro-re-kur'ens). Neurore- 
lapse. 
neurorelapse (nu"ro-re-laps'). A peculiar out- 
burst of neurosyphilis precipitated by insufficient 
treatment with arsphenamin, and characterized by 
various nervous symptoms. Called also neuro- 
recidive and neurorecurrence. 
neuroretinitis (nu"ro-ret-in-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the optic nerve and retina. 
neurorrhaphy (nu-ror'af-e) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
pa<p-q stitch]. The suturing of a cut nerve. 
neurorrheuma (nu-ror-u'mah) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
pevpa flow]. Nervous energy. 
Neurorrhyctes hydrophobias (nu-ro-rik'tes hi- 
dro-fo'be-e). Same as Negri bodies. See under 
body. 
neurosal (nu-ro'sal). Pertaining to a neurosis. 
neurosarcokleisis (nu"ro-sar-ko-kli'sis) [Gr. 
vevpov nerve 4- <rap^ flesh 4- KXeiacs closure]. An 
NEUROSARCOKLEISIS 741 
NEUROTROPHIC 
operation performed for neuralgia, done by reliev- 
ing pressure on the affected nerve by partial resec- 
tion of the bony canal through which it passes, and 
transplanting it (the nerve) among the soft tissues, 
neurosarcoma (nu"ro-sar-ko'mah). A sarcoma 
with neuromatous elements. 
neurosclerosis (nu"ro-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve 4- VKXripbs hard]. The hardening of the 
substance of a nerve or nerve-center. 
neurosin (nu-ro'sin). A preparation of calcium gly- 
cerophosphate: hypnotic and anodyne. 
neurosis (nu-ro'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerve]. 1. A ner- 
vous disease: more especially a functional dis- 
order of the nervous system; a disorder of the 
nervous system not dependent on any discover- 
able lesion. 2. The neural process corresponding 
to a mental phenomenon, accident n., a neuro- 
sis with hysteric symptoms caused by accident 
or injury, anxiety n., a form of neurosis 
characterized by anxious apprehensions, asso- 
ciation n., a condition in which an abnormal 
mental experience tends to be reproduced, with all 
its original mental and physical phenomena, when 
an idea related to the original experience is brought 
into the mind, crampus n., a neurosis marked 
by tonic spasms and cramps on attempts at mo- 
tion. Called also conversion hysteria, cyclists' 
n., a sensitive condition of the skin of the thighs, 
perineum, and scrotum from excessive riding of the 
bicycle, expectation n., a neurotic condition 
in which the expectation of an occurrence induces 
mental tension, etc. fatigue n., a neurosis due 
to nerve tire, as neurasthenia or psychasthenia, 
gas n., a condition similar to shell shock seen in 
persons who have been gassed, occupation-n., 
professional n., a nervous disease due to the 
patient's employment, sexual n., a neurosis of 
the sexual function. torsion n., dysbasia 
lordotica progressiva, traumatic n., one which 
results from an injury, war n., shell shock, or 
any nervous disease or condition brought on by 
war conditions. Westphal's n., hysteria with 
symptoms that simulate multiple sclerosis. 
neurosism (nu'ro-sizm). Neurasthenia. 
neuroskeleton (nu-ro-skel'et-on) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve 4- a^eXeTov skeleton]. The true bony or 
vertebrate skeleton; the endoskeleton. 
neurosome (nu'ro-som) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- rra>pa 
body]. 1. The body of a nerve-cell. 2. Any 
one of a set of minute particles in the ground- 
substance of the protoplasm of the neurons, and 
especially in that of the axis-cylinder and its ter- 
minal branches. 
neurospasm (nu'ro-spazm) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
OTraapbs spasm]. The nervous twitching of a 
muscle. 
neurosplanchnic (nu-ro-splangk'nik). Pertaining 
to the cerebrospinal and sympathetic nervous sys- 
tem. 
neurospongium (nu-ro-spon'je-um) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve 4- airoyyos sponge]. A mesh work or felt- 
work of nerve-fibrils; neuroglia. 
neurostearic (nu"ro-ste-ar'ik) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
oreap fat]. Derived from the fatty elements of 
the nerve substance. 
neurosthenia (nu-ro-sthe'ne-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
4- oOevos strength]. Great nervous power and 
excitement. 
neurosurgeon (nu-ro-sur'jun). A surgeon who 
specializes in work on the nervous system. 
neurosurgery (nu-ro-ser'jer-e). Surgery of the 
nervous system. 
neurosuture (nu-ro-su'tchur). Same as neuror- 
rhaphy. 
neurosyphilis (nu-ro-sif'il-is). Syphilis of the 
central nervous system. 
neurotabes (nu-ro-ta'bez) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
tabes], Multiple peripheral neuritis with symp- 
toms like those of locomotor ataxia. 
NEUROSARCOMA 
neurotagma (nu-ro-tag'mah) [Gr. vevpov nerve +• 
raypa arrangement]. A linear arrangement of 
the structural elements of a nerve-cell. 
neurotendinous (nu-ro-ten'din-us). Pertaining to 
both nerve and tendon. 
neurotension (nu-ro-ten'shun). Same as neurec- 
tasis. 
neurothecitis (nu"ro-the-si'tis) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
+ 6f)KT) sheath]. Inflammation of a nerve-sheath. 
neurothele (nu-ro-the'le) [Gr. vevpov nerve + OrfXri 
nipple]. A nervous papilla. 
neurotheleitis, neurothelitis (nu"ro-the-le-i- 
tis, nu-ro-the-li'tis) [see neurothele + Gr. -ms in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of a nervous papilla. 
neuro therapeutics (nu"ro-ther-ap-u'tiks). Neu- 
rotherapy. 
neurotherapy (nu-ro-ther'ap-e) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
+ OepaTreia treatment], i. The treatment of 
nervous disorders. 2. A term proposed for psy- 
chotherapy on the ground that the basis of 
such treatment is the employment of all sources of 
nervous activity. 
neurothlipsis (nu-ro-thlip'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4" 
OXl/ls pressure]. Pressure on a nerve or irrita- 
tion of a nerve. 
neurotic (nu-rot'ik). 1. Pertaining to or affected 
with a neurosis. 2. Pertaining to the nerves. 3. 
A nervous person in whom emotions predominate 
over reason. 
neurotica (nu-rot'ik-ah) [Gr. vevpov nerve]. Func- 
tional nervous disorders. 
neurotic ism (nu-rot'is-izm). A state of perverted or 
excessive nervous action. 
neurotization (nu"rot-iz-a'shun). 1. The regen- 
eration of a nerve after its division. 2. The opera- 
tion of implanting a nerve into a paralyzed 
muscle. 
neurotology (nu-ro-tol'o-je) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
otology]. The branch of otology which deals with 
the internal ear and its associated intracranial 
nerve pathways. 
neurotome (nu'ro-tom) [Gr. vevpov nerve + rep- 
veiv to cut]. 1. A needle-like knife for dissecting 
the nerves. 2. Same as neuromere. 
neurotomy (nu-rot'o-me) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
repvecv to cut], 1. The dissection or anatomy of 
the nerves. 2. The surgical cutting of a nerve, 
opticociliary n., division of the optic and 
ciliary nerves for prevention of sympathetic oph- 
thalmia. retrogasserian n., division of the 
posterior root of the gasserian ganglion for facial 
neuralgia. 
neurotone (nu'ro-ton). Spermonuclein salicylate, 
used as a tonic and in the treatment of morphinism. 
neurotonic (nu-ro-ton'ik) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
tonic]. Having a tonic effect upon the nerves. 
neurotony (nu-rot'o-ne) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- reiver 
to stretch]. Same as nerve-stretching. 
neurotoxia (nu-ro-toks'e-ah). A toxic condition 
of the nervous system; neurasthenia regarded as 
an autointoxication. 
neurotoxic (nu-ro-tok'sik). Poisonous or destruc- 
tive to nerve tissue. 
neurotoxin (nu-ro-tok'sin) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
toxin], A toxin antagonistic to nerve-cells. 
neurotrauma (nu-ro-traw'mah) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
4- trauma]. Wounding of a nerve. 
neurotripsy (nu-ro-trip'se) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- 
rpl^ecv to rub]. The crushing or bruising of a 
nerve. 
neurotrophasthenia (nu"ro-tro-fas-the'ne-ah) 
[Gr. vevpov nerve 4* rpo<p-q nutrition 4- acrOeveia. 
weakness]. Defective nutrition of the nervous 
system. 
neurotrophic (nu-ro-trof'ik). Relating to nutri- 
tion and due to nervous influence. neurotrophy (nu-rot'ro-fe) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
roo^r] nutrition]. Nutrition of nerve tissue. 
neurotropic (nu-ro-trop'ik). Having a chemical 
affinity for nervous tissue. 
neurotropism (nu-rot'ro-pizm) [Gr. vevpov nerve 
-T Tpeireiv to twist]. Special affinity for nervous 
tissue, particularly the attractive influence which 
nervous tissue exerts upon certain nutritive and 
other substances. 
neurotropy (nu-rot'ro-pe). Same as neurotropism. 
neurotrosis (nu-ro-tro'sis) [Gr. vevpov nerve + 
rpcoais wound]. Neurotrauma. 
neurovaricosis (nu"ro-var-ik-o'sis) [Gr. vevpov 
nerve 4- varicose]. A varicose state of the fibers 
of a nerve. 
neurovascular (nu-ro-vas'ku-lar). Both nervous 
and vascular. 
neurovisceral (nu-ro-vis'er-al). Same as neuro- 
splanchnic. 
neuro-vita (nu-ro-vi'tah). A proprietary pulp- 
protecting preparation for dental work. 
neurula (nu'ru-lah) [Gr. vevpov nerve 4- dim. -ula]. 
The first appearance of the nervous system in the 
developing embryo. 
neururgic (nu-rer'jik) [Gr. vevpov nerve + epyov 
work]. Pertaining to nerve action. 
neurypnology (nu-rip-nol'o-je). Same as neuro- 
hypnology. 
Neusser's granules (noi'serz) [Edmund von Neus- 
ser, Austrian physician, 1852-1912]. See granule. 
neutral (nu'tral) [L. neu'tralis; neu'ter neither]. 
Neither acid nor basic, n. red. See under red. 
neutralite (nu'tral-it). A proprietary asbestos 
preparation used in soldering in prosthetic dental 
work. 
neutrality (nu-tral'it-e). The state of being 
neutral. 
neutralize (nu'tral-Iz). To render neutral or in- 
effective. 
neutralon (nu'tral-dn). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of soluble aluminum silicate: used to neutralize 
excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. 
neutroclusion (nu-trok-lu'zhun). Normal oc- 
clusion. See occlusion. 
neutron (nu'tron). A hypothetic electrically neu- 
tral, massless molecule. 
neutropenia (nu-tro-pe'ne-ah) [neutrophil 4- Gr. 
irevla poverty]. Abnormal deficiency of neutro- 
phil cells in the blood. 
neutrophil (nu'tro-fil) [L. neu'ter neither 4- Gr. 
tpiXelv to love]. 1. Stainable by neutral dyes. 
2. A cell or structural element stainable by neutral 
dyes. 
neutrophilia (nu-tro-fil'e-ah). Increase in the 
number of neutrophil leukocytes in the blood. 
neutrophilic (nu-tro-fil'ik). Same as neutrophil. 
neutrotaxis (nu-tro-taks'is) [neutrophil 4- Gr. 
arrangement]. The attractive or repellant influ- 
ence exerted by neutrophil leukocytes. 
nevocarcinoma (ne"vo-kar-sin-o'mah). Carcino- 
ma developing on nevi or moles. 
nevoid (ne'void). Resembling a nevus. 
nevolipoma (ne"vo-lip-o'mah). A nevus con- 
taining a large amount of fibrofatty tissue. 
nevose (ne'vos). Having nevi; spotted with nevi. 
nevus (ne'vus) [L. nce'vus]. 1. A mole; a pigmented 
spot on the skin, either congenital or acquired. 2. 
A congenital angioma of the skin; a reddish swell- 
ing or patch on the skin formed by dilated blood- 
vessels; a mother's mark. n. angiecto'des. 
Same as n. vascularis. n. angiomato'des, 
angioelephantiasis. n. araneo'sus, a nevus 
with radiating processes like the legs of a spider, 
n. ara'neus. Same as acne rosacea, capil- 
lary n., one that involves the capillaries of the 
skin. n. caverno'sus, cavernous angioma, n. 
NEUROTROPHY 
742 
cor'neum, ichthyosis hystrix. cutaneous 
n., a nevus of the skin. n. elas'ticus. See 
pseudoxanthoma elasticum. n. flam'meus, a 
reddish patch on the skin-the ordinary straw- 
berry-mark. hepatic n., hemorrhagic infarct 
of the liver, n. licheno'des, linear ichthy- 
osis. linear n., an eruption occurring in 
elongated streaks, consisting of papillary ele- 
vations, and due to hypertrophy of the papillary 
and corneous layers of the skin. n. lipomato'- 
sus. Same as nevolipoma. n. lymphat'icus, 
lymphangioma of the skin. n. mater'nus, con- 
genital angioma; mother's mark or birth-mark. 
See nevus, second definition, n. molluscifor'- 
mis, a mole forming a protruding, fat-like tumor, 
n. nervo'sus. Same as linear n. n. papilla'- 
ris, linear ichthyosis, n. papillomato'sus, 
a wart-like mole. n. pigmento'sus, a pig- 
mented mole; a congenital pigment-spot in the 
skin, varying in color from light brown to blackish, 
pilose n. [L. navus pilo'sus], a hairy cutaneous 
patch, n. sanguin'eus. Same as n. vascularis. 
spider n. Same as n. araneosus." n. spi'lus, 
a mole having a smooth surface, n. vascula'ris, 
n. vasculo'sus, a reddish swelling or patch on 
the skin due to hypertrophy of the skin capillaries, 
venous n., one composed mainly of veins, n. 
verruco'sus, a mole with a warty surface, n. 
vino'sus, a strawberry-mark. 
Newbouldia lae'vis (nu-bol'de-ah). A plant said 
to be a good venous astringent. 
N. F. Abbreviation for National Formulary: one of 
the supplements of the United States Dispensatory. 
n'gana (nag-ag'nah). See nagana. 
NH,. Ammonia. 
NH4C1. Ammonium chlorid. 
(NH4)2CO3. Ammonium carbonate. 
(NH4)HS. Ammonium hydrosulphid. 
(NHJMgPO4+6H2O. Ammoniomagnesium phos- 
phate. 
NHtNO3, Ammonium nitrate. 
Ni. The symbol of nickel. 
niani (ne-an'e). A varioloid of Senegal riflemen. 
Nicander, Nicandros (nik-an'der, nik-an'dros). 
A celebrated Greek physician and poet who flour- 
ished about 175-135 b. c. Two of his toxicologic 
works, the "Theriaca" and the "Alexipharmica," 
have survived. 
niccolum (nik'o-lum) [gen. nidcoli}. Latin for 
nickel. 
niche, Haudek's (nitsh). A projection from the 
stomach wall in the rontgenogram of gastric ulcer, 
nichochrome (nik'o-krom). An alloy of nickel and 
chromium, very resistant to oxidation and the 
action of acids, and used for chemical apparatus, 
etc. 
nickel (nik'el) [L. niFcolum]. A silver-white 
metallic element: symbol,' Ni; specific gravity, 
8.8; atomic weight, 58.6. See elements, table of. 
n. bromid, a hypnotic and sedative agent, 
NiBr3: used in epilepsy. .Dose, 2-8 gr. (0.13- 
0.52 gm.), n. carbonoxid, a poisonous liquid: 
injected hypodermically, it lowers the tempera- 
ture. n. chlorid, nickelous chlorid, NiCl2.6H2O, 
a remedy for anemia and atonic conditions. Dose, 
1-3 gr- (0.066-0.2 gm.), n. oleate, a waxy solid: 
used externally in chronic eczema, n. salipyrin, 
the salicylate of nickel and antipyrin; in whitish 
needles or in a pale-green powder, n. sulphate, 
a salt of nickel, NiSO4.7H2O: used in neuralgia, 
rheumatism, and heart disease. Dose, 1-3 gr. 
(0.066-0.2 gm.). 
Nickles' test (ne-klez') [Francois Joseph J. 
Nickles, a French chemist, 1821-1869]. See tests. 
nico (ni'ko). Same as symphorot. 
Nicol prism (nik'ol) [William Nicol, English phy- 
sicist, 1768-1851]. See prism. 
Nicolaier's bacillus (nik-o'li-erz) [Arthur Nico- 
NICOLAIER'S BACILLUS NICOLICIN 
743 
NITRITE 
laier, Berlin physician, born 1862]. The Bacillus 
tetani. 
nicolicin (nik-ol'is-in). A morphin preparation 
said to be a cure for the morphin habit. 
Nicollia (nik-ol'e-ah) [Charles Nicolle, French phy- 
sician, born 1866]. A genus of protozoan blood 
parasites which resemble Piroplasma, but are 
grouped in fours. 
nicomors (ni'ko-morz). Tablets containing magne- 
sium dioxid and tannic acid, for use by smokers to 
counteract the effect of nicotin. 
Nicotiana (nik-o-she-a'nah). See tobacco. 
nicotianin (nik-o'she-a-nin). A volatilizable and 
fragrant crystalline principle from tobacco. 
nicotin (nik'o-tin) [L. nicotia'na tobacco]. An 
acrid, colorless, fluid base, C10H14N2, from to- 
bacco: exceedingly poisonous. Nicotin has been 
prescribed as an antitetanic agent. Dose, 2*0-4^ 
min. (0.003-0.006 c.c.); but even in much smaller 
doses it is a dangerous remedy, n. bitartrate, 
a salt in white crystals: used in strychnin-poison- 
ing and in tetanus, n. salicylate, endermol 
n. tartrate, a salt, C10H14N2(C4H6O8) + 2H2O: 
used in tetanus and in strychnin-poisoning. 
nicotinism fnik'o-tin-izm). Poisoning by tobacco 
or by nicotin. 
nicoulin (nik'oo-lin). A highly poisonous sub- 
stance, C3H4O, which has been employed in acute 
tetanus. 
nictation (nik-ta'shun). Same as nictitation. 
nictitation (nik-tit-a' shun) [L. nictita're to wink]. 
The act of winking. 
nidal (ni'dal). Pertaining to a nidus. 
nidation (ni-da'shun) [L. ni'dus nest]. The develop- 
ment of the decidua capsularis in the pregnant 
uterus. 
nidus (ni'dus) [L. "nest"]. 1. A nest; the point of 
origin or focus of a morbid process. 2. Same as 
nucleus, 2d def. n. hirun'dinis [L. "swallow's 
nest"], a depression in the cerebellum between the 
posterior velum and the uvula. Called also n. 
a'vis. 
Niemeyer's pill (ne'mi-erz) [Felix von Niemeyer, 
German physician, 1820-1871]. See pill. 
Niewenglowski ray (nya-ven-glov'ske) [Gaston 
Henri Niewenglowski, contemporary French physi- 
cist]. See under ray. 
night-blindness (nit'blind-nes). See nyctalopia. 
nightmare (nit'mar). An oppressive dream at- 
tended with fright and a sense of suffocation. 
night-palsy (nit'pawl-ze). Numbness of the ex- 
tremities in women, seen in the night about the 
climacteric period; acroparesthesia. 
night-soil (nit'soil). The ordure of a privy. 
night-sweats (nit'swets). Copious sweating in 
bed at night, as in tuberculosis. 
night-terrors (nit-ter'erz). Pavor nocturnus; a 
kind of nightmare in children. 
nigricans (ni'grik-ans) [L.]. Blackish. 
nigrities (nig-rish'e-ez) [L.]. Blackness, n. lin'- 
guse, glossophytia. 
nigrosin (ni'gro-sin) [L. ni'ger black]. Anilin- 
black, C38H27N3; a microscopic stain. See under 
stains, table of. 
nihilism (ni'hil-izm) [L. ni'hil nothing]. 1. Thera- 
peutic nihilism; skepticism as to the therapeutic 
value of drugs. 2. A form of delusion in which, to 
the patient, everything no longer exists. 
niin (ni'in). A fatty substance thought to be iden- 
tical with axin. 
nikalgin (ni-kal'jin). A local anesthetic preparation 
of quinin, hydrochloric acid, and urea. 
Nikiforoff's method (ne-ke-for'ofs) [Mikhail 
Nikiforoff, Russian dermatologist, born 1858]. See 
method. 
Nikolsky's sign (nik-ol'skez) [Pyotr Vasilyevich 
Nikolsky, Russian dermatologist, born 1855]. See 
sign. 
nimetti (nim-et'e). See Simulium griseicollis. 
ninhydrin (nin-hi'drin). Triketohydrindenhy- 
drate, CeHifCOh.CfOH^: used as a reagent for 
proteins and amino-acids, and for diagnosing preg- 
nancy. See under reaction. 
ninserin (mn-se'rin). A preparation used in the 
Kiutsi-Malone reaction for pregnancy. See Kiutsi- 
Malone reaction, under reaction. 
ninsi (nin'se). The root of Si'um nin'si: used in 
Corea and China as a substitute for ginseng. 
ninth nerve (ninth). The glossopharyngeal nerve, 
niobium (ni-o'be-um). A metallic element, having 
an atomic weight of 94 and the symbol Nb. It 
was formerly known as columbium. 
nioform (ni'o-form). See vioform. 
niopo-snuff (ni-o'po-). An intoxicating snuff made 
from the seeds of Piptade'nia peregri'na, a tree 
of tropical America. 
niphablepsia (nif-ab-lep'se-ah) [Gr. vl<pa snow + 
a^Xef/ia blindness]. Same as snow-blindness. 
niphotyphlosis (nif"o-tif-lo'sis) [Gr. pt<pa snow 
+ TvtpXwaLs blindness]. Snow-blindness. 
nipiology (nip-e-ol'o-je). Nepiology. 
nipper (nip'er). An incisor tooth of a horse. 
nipple (nip'l). The conic organ which gives 
outlet to the milk; the mammilla, or teat. cra- 
ter-n., a cavity in the place where the nipple 
should be. 
nirvanin (ner-van'in). A local anesthetic, the hy- 
drochlorid of diethyl glycocoll amino oxybenzoic 
methyl ester, C14H20N2O4.HCI, in colorless crystals: 
soluble in water. It is about one-tenth as powerful 
as cocain, and is used in 2-5 per cent, solution. 
Nisbet's chancre (nis'bets) [William Nisbet, 
English physician, 1859-1882]. See chancre. 
Nissl's bodies, degeneration, method of 
staining (nis'elz) [Franz Nissl, neurologist in 
Heidelberg, 1860-1919]. See under body, degenera- 
tion, an&'stain. 
nisus (ni'sus) [L.]. An effort, strong tendency, or 
molimen. 
nit (nit). The egg of a louse. 
niter (ni'ter) [L. ni'trum; Gr. vtrpov]. Potassium 
nitrate, or saltpeter, cubic n., sodium nitrate, 
sweet spirit of n., the spirit of nitrous ether 
(L. spiPitus ceth'eris nitro'si). 
niton (ni'ton). An inert gaseous element occurring 
in radium emanation; symbol, Nt; atomic weight, 
222.4. See emanation. 
nitragin (ni'traj-in). A nitrifying bacterial soil- 
ferment from leguminous root-tubercles: said to 
be a valuable fertilizer. 
nitramin, nitramine (ni-tram'in). A nitrode- 
rivative of an amin. 
nitrate (ni'trat) [L. nitra'tum]. Any salt of nitric 
acid. 
nitremia, nitraemia (ni-tre'me-ah). Excess of 
nitrogen in the blood. 
nitric acid (ni'trik). See acid. 
nitrid, nitride (ni'trid). A compound of nitrogen 
with a metal. 
nitridation (ni-trid-a'shun). Combination with 
nitrogen to form a nitrid. 
nitrification (ni"trif-ik-a'shun) [nitric acid 4- L. 
fa'cere to make]. Conversion of the nitrogen 
contained in ammonia into nitrous and nitric 
acid. 
nitrifier (ni'tril-i-er). A nitrifying microorganism. 
nitrifying (ni'trif-i-ing). Forming nitrous and 
nitric acids out of ammonia: said of certain bac- 
teria. 
nitril (ni'tril). An organic compound containing 
trivalent nitrogen. Nitrils may be nitril bases, 
which are tertiary amines, or acid nitrils, which are 
alkyl cyanids. 
nitrite (ni'trit). Any salt of nitrous acid. The NITRITOID CRISIS 
744 
NITROUS 
nitrites act as antispasmodics and lessen the arte- 
rial tension. The principal medicinal nitrites 
are those of amyl, ethyl, potassium, and sodium. 
nitritoid crisis (ni'trit-oid). See under crisis. 
nitro-. A prefix indicating the content of the 
group -NO2. 
nitro-amin, nitro-amine (ni-tro-am'in). Same 
as nitramin. 
nitro-anisol (ni-tro-an'is-ol). A nitro derivative 
of anisol, NO2.C6H4.O.CH3. 
Nitrobacter (ni'tro-bak-ter). A genus of bacterial 
organisms capable of securing energy for growth by 
oxidizing nitrites to nitrates. 
Nitrobactereae (ni"tro-bak-te're-e). A systematic 
tribe under the family Nitrobacteriaceas. They 
derive their life energy from the oxidation of 
hydrogen or simple compounds of carbon or nitro- 
gen. The genera are: Acetobacter, Carboxydo- 
monas, Hydrogenomonas, Methanomonas, Nitro- 
bacter, and Nitrosomonas. 
nitrobacteria (ni"tro-bak-te're-ah), pl. Soil bac- 
teria or other microorganisms which convert 
ammonia and other nitrogenous substances into 
nitrogen acids. 
Nitrobacteriaceae (ni"tro-bak-te-re-a'se-e). A 
systematic family of the order Eubacteriales. 
They are rod shaped, asporogenic, aerobic and 
capable of securing growth energy by the direct 
oxidation of carbon, hydrogen or nitrogen, or of 
simple compounds of these. There are two tribes: 
Azotobactereae and Nitrobactereae. 
nitrobenzene (ni-tro-ben'zen). Same as nitro- 
benzol. 
nitrobenzol (ni-tro-ben'zol). A poisonous benzol 
derivative, C6H5NO2. It is a sweet, oily liquid, 
used in perfuming soap and as a flavoring agent. 
It is an active poison. Called also oil of mirbane 
and artificial oil of bitter almond. 
nitrocellulose (ni-tro-sel'u-los). Pyroxylin, or 
gun-cotton. 
nitrochloroform (ni-tro-klo'ro-form). See chloro- 
picrin. 
nitrodextrose (ni-tro-deks'tros). Dextrose nitrate: 
used like nitroglycerin. 
nitro-erythrol (ni-tro-er'ith-rol). Erythrol ni- 
trate: used like nitroglycerin, but slower and 
more lasting in its action. 
nitroform (ni'tro-form). Trinitrobenzene; an in- 
flammable, crystalline substance, CbE^NQOs. 
nitrogen (ni'tro-jen) [Gr. virpov niter + yevvdv to 
generate]. A colorless, gaseous element found 
free in the air; symbol, N; specific gravity, 0.9713; 
atomic weight, 14.008. It constitutes part of the 
atmosphere, forming about four-fifths of common 
air. Chemically, it is almost inert, but forms 
by combination nitric acid and ammonia. It is a 
gas unfitted to support respiration; not a poison, 
but proving fatal if breathed alone, because of 
the want of oxygen, alloxuric n., nitrogen 
in the form of alloxur-bases. amid n., that por- 
tion of the nitrogen in protein that exists in the 
form of acid amids. filtrate n. See rest n. n. 
monoxid, a colorless gas, N2O, or nitrous oxid, 
having a sweetish taste and a pleasant odor. It 
causes a condition of temporary asphyxiation and 
unconsciousness when inhaled, and is administered 
to produce this condition for the performance of 
minor operations. Called also laughing-gas. 
nomadic n., free nitrogen from the air which 
enters into plant and animal growth, non- 
protein n., the nitrogenous constituents of the 
blood exclusive of the protein bodies. It consists 
of urea, uric acid, creatin, creatinin, amino-acids, 
polypeptids, and an undetermined part known as 
rest-nitrogen. n. pentoxid, a crystalline com- 
pound, N2O5, or nitric anhydrid, which combines 
with water to form nitric acid. n. peroxid, n. 
tetroxid, a poisonous volatile liquid, N2O4, giving 
off brownish, irritant fumes, rest n. See under 
non-protein n. 
nitrogen-lag. The time elapsing after the admin- 
istration of a protein before there appears in the 
urine nitrogen equal in amount to that contained 
in the protein. 
nitrogen-partition. The percentage of total 
nitrogen in the urine represented by each of the 
nitrogenous constituents. 
nitrogenization (ni"tro-jen-iz-a'shun). The act 
of impregnating with nitrogen. 
nitrogenous (ni-troj'en-us). Containing nitrogen. 
nitroglucose (ni-tro-glu'kbs). A compound de- 
rived from glucose by the action of nitric and 
sulphuric acids. It is given as an arterial stimulant. 
nitroglycerin (ni-tro-glis'er-in). A colorless or 
yellowish, oily liquid, CjHsfO.NCbh, formed by the 
action of nitric and sulphuric acids on glycerin, 
and known also as glonoin. It is poisonous and 
highly explosive. Physiologically, it acts as a vaso- 
dilator: used principally in angina pectoris and 
asthma. Dose, gr. (0.000335-0.0013 gm.); 
of tincture, |-io min. (0.033-0.666 c.c.); of spirit 
(a 1 per cent, solution), 1-2 min. (0.065-0.13 c.c.). 
nitrolevulose (ni-tro-lev'u-los). Levulose nitrate: 
used like nitroglycerin. 
nitromannitol (ni-tro-man'it-ol). Mannitol ni- 
trate: used like nitroglycerin. 
nitrometer (ni-trom'et-er) [nitrogen + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An apparatus for measuring the quan- 
tity of nitrogen given off in a reaction. 
nitromonas (ni-tro-mo'nas). Same as nitrosomo- 
nas. 
nitron (ni'tron). The name suggested by Sir W. 
Ramsay and R. W. Gray for the molecular weight 
of a radium-emanation. 
nitronaphthalin (ni-tro-naf'thal-in). A substance 
whose vapors may cause vesication and opacity 
of the cornea. 
nitrophenol (ni-tro-fe'nol). An indicator, para- 
nitro-phenylic acid, CeHXNO^OH, with a Ph 
range of 5 to 7, being colorless at 5 and yellow at 7. 
nitroprop iol (ni-tro-pro'pe-ol). Orthonitrophenyl- 
propiolic acid: used as a test for sugar. 
nitroprotein (ni-tro-pro'te-in). A protein made by 
treating serum protein with nitric acid. 
nitrosaccharose (ni-tro-sak'ar-6s). A resinous 
explosive and vasodilator: used like nitroglycerin. 
nitrosalol (ni-tro-sal'ol). An ester, C6H4(OH)- 
CO2.C6H4NO2, in a yellowish, crystalline powder. 
nitrose (ni'tros). A term used to include nitric 
and nitrous acids. 
nitrosin (ni'tro-sin). A preparation for treating 
cancer prepared by Ehrlich. 
nitroso-. A prefix indicating a compound which 
contains the group -N : O. 
nitrosobacteria (ni-tro"so-bak-te're-ah). Bacteria 
which oxidize ammonia into nitrites. 
nitrosococcus (ni-tro-so-kok'us). A micrococcus 
with nitrifying powers. 
nitroso-indol (ni-tro-so-in'dol). A compound 
which gives a red reaction when indol is treated 
with sulphuric acid and potassium nitrite. 
Nitrosomonas (ni-tro-som'o-nas). A genus of 
bacterial organisms capable of securing growth 
energy by oxidizing ammonia to nitrites. 
nitrosophenyldimethylpyrazol (ni-tro"so- 
fen"il-di-meth"il-pi'ra-zol). Same as isonitroso- 
antipyrin. 
nitrososubstitution (ni-tro"so-sub-sti-tu'shun). 
The substitution of the radical nitryl for some other 
radical or atom in a compound. 
nitro-sugars (ni-tro-shug'erz). A class of bodies 
which have been used as vasodilators. 
nitrosyl (ni'tro-sil). The univalent radical NO. 
nitrous (ni'trus). Pertaining to nitrogen in its low- 
est valency. n. acid. See acid. n. oxid, nitro- 
gen monoxid. nitrox (ni'troks). A proprietary germicide and 
healing agent for local use. 
nitroxyl (ni-troks'il). The radical NO2. 
nitryl (ni'tril). The nitrose group. 
niveau diagnosis (ne-vo'). See under diagnosis. 
nizin (ni'zin). A proprietary antiseptic and as- 
tringent, being a zinc salt of sulphanilic acid, 
(NH2.CeH4.SO3)2Zn: used in gonorrhea and in eye 
lotions. 
njallin (njal'in). An alkaloid from the njalla 
bean. 
Nm. Abbreviation for L. nux moscha'ta, nutmeg. 
N. N. N. medium [Nicolle, Novy, McNeal]. See 
under medium. 
N. N. R. An abbreviation for new and non-official 
remedies, i. e., such as have been passed upon by the 
Cquncil of Pharmacy and Chemistry of the Ameri- 
can Medical Association. 
No. An abbreviation of L. nu'mero, " to the number 
of." 
No. 606. Salvarsan. 
No. 914. Neosalvarsan. 
N2O. Nitrous oxid. 
N3O3. Nitrogen trioxid. 
N2O3. Nitrogen pentoxid. 
Nocardia (no-kar'de-ah) [Edmond Isidore Etienne 
Nocard, French veterinarian, 1850-1903]. A genus 
of trichomycetes characterized by true branching 
and the formation of spores. Under this genus are 
included various organisms formerly included 
under the genera Oospora, Discomyces, Streptothrix, 
and Cladothrix. N. asteroi'des, Cladothrix 
asteroides. N. bo'vis, Actinomyces bovis. N. 
farcin'ica, Actinomyces farcinica. N. foers'teri, 
Streptothrix fcersteri. N. israeTi, Streptothrix 
israeli. N. madu'rae, Streptothrix madurae. N. 
minutis'sima, Microsporon minutissimum. N. 
poncet'i, a species causing pseudo-actinomycosis. 
N. pulmona'lis, a species causing pseudo tu- 
berculosis. N. ten'uis. See under trichono- 
cardiasis. 
nocardial (no-kar'de-al). Caused by Nocardia, 
nocardiasis (no-kar-di'as-is). Nocardiosis. 
nocardiosis (no-kar-de-o'sis). Infection with No- 
cardia; a disease caused by Nocardia. The most 
frequent point of attack is the respiratory tract 
where it causes lesions and symptoms resembling 
pulmonary tuberculosis. Called also pseudo- 
tuberculosis and streptothricosis. 
noci-association (no-se-as-o-se-a'shun). The un- 
conscious discharge of nervous energy under the 
stimulus of trauma, as in surgical shock. 
nociceptive (no-sis-ep'tiv) [L. nocer'e to injure + 
ca'pere to receive]. Receiving injury: said of a 
receptive neuron. 
nociceptor (no-sis-ep'tor) [see nociceptive]. The 
nervous mechanism by which stimuli of injury are 
received (receptors). 
noci-influence (no-se-in'flu-ens). Injurious or 
traumatic influence. 
noci-perception (no-se-per-sep'shun). The per- 
ception by the system of injurious (traumatic) 
stimuli. 
Noct. Abbreviation for L. noc'te, at night. 
noctambulation (nok"tam-bu-la'shun) [L. noc- 
tambula'tio; nox night + ambula're to walk]. 
Sleep-walking; somnambulism. 
noctiphobia (nok-ti-fo'be-ah) [L. nox night + Gr. 
<pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of night and its dark- 
ness and silence. 
Noct. mane q. Abbreviation for L. noc'te mane'que, 
at night and in the morning. 
nocturia (nok-tu're-ah) [L. nox night + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. Excessive urination at night. 
nocturnal (nok-tur'nal) [L. noctur'nus], Pertain- 
ing to the night. 
nodal (no'dal). Pertaining to a node. 
NITROX 
745 
node (nod) [L. no'dus knot]. A swelling or pro- 
tuberance. Aschoff's n., n. of Aschoff and 
Tawara. Same as atrioventricular n. atrioven- 
tricular n., auriculoventricular n., a rem- 
nant of primitive fibers found in all mammalian 
hearts at the base of the interauricular septum, and 
forming the beginning of the auriculoventricular 
bundle or bundle of His. Called also a-v. n, 
and node of Tawara. Bouchard's n's, nod- 
ules on the second joints of the fingers, believed 
to be symptomatic of gastrectasis. Fereol's 
n's, subcutaneous nodes sometimes occurring in 
acute rheumatism, gouty n., one due to gouty 
inflammation. Haygarth's n's, joint-swellings 
in arthritis deformans. Heberden's n's, nodes 
on the fingers in advanced life, usually ascribed 
to gout, but often seen when the general health 
seems perfect. Hensen's n., an area of cell- 
proliferation in the impregnated ovum in which 
the primitive streak begins. Keith's n., n. 
of Keith and Flack. See sino-auricular 
n. Koch's n., atrioventricular node. Legen- 
dre's n's. Same as Bouchard's n's. lymph- 
n's, lymphatic n's, the gland-like structures 
arranged in groups interposed throughout the lym- 
phatic circulation. Called also lymph-glands or 
lymphatic glands. Meynet's n's, nodules in the 
capsules of joints and in tendons in rheumatic con- 
ditions, especially of children. Parrot's n., a 
syphilitic node on the outer table of the skull, 
piedric n's, the nodes seen on the hair in piedra. 
n's of Ranvier, nodes produced by constrictions 
on medullated nerve-fibers at an interval of about 
one millimeter. Rosenmuller's n., Rosenmul- 
ler's gland. See gland. Schmidt's n., the 
medullated interannular segment of a nerve- 
fiber. singers' n., hypertrophy of the edge 
of the vocal cords from continued irritation, 
as in singers, sino-atrial n., sino-auricu- 
lar n., a remnant of primitive fibers found in all 
mammalian hearts at the junction of the superior 
vena cava with the terminal band of the right 
auricle. The cardiac rhythm normally takes its 
origin in this node which has been called the pace- 
maker of the heart. Called also node of Keith and 
Flack, sinus n. Same as sino-auricular n. 
syphilitic n., a swelling upon a bone due to 
syphilitic periostitis, n. of Tawara. See atrio- 
ventricular n. 
nodose (no'dos) [L. nodo'sus}. Having nodes or 
projections. 
nodosity (no-dos'it-e) [L. nodos'itas]. i. The 
quality or fact of being nodose. 2. A node. For 
varieties, see node. 
nodular (nod'u-lar). 1. Like a nodule or node. 
2. Marked with nodules. 
nodulate, nodulated (nod'u-lat, nod'u-la-ted). 
Characterized by nodules. 
nodulation (nod-u-la'shun). The presence of 
nodules. 
nodule (nod'ul) [L. nod'ulus little knot]. 1. A 
small boss or node. 2. The anterior segment 
of the inferior vermis of the cerebellum in the 
fourth ventricle. Albini's n's, gray nodules of 
the size of sago-grains, sometimes seen on the 
free edges of the auriculoventricular valves of 
infants. They are remains of fetal structures, 
apple-jelly n's, light reddish elevations on the 
surfaces of leprous ulcers, n. of Arantius. 
Same as corpus arantii. Aschoff's n's, nodules in 
the myocardium in rheumatism. Bianchi's 
n's, corpora arantii. Bouchard's n's, nodes 
sometimes seen on the joints of the fingers and toes 
in cases of gastrectasia. epicardial n's, nodules 
over the vessels of the epicardium, probably due to 
high pressure. Jeanselme's n's, nodules on the 
limbs near the joints due to nocardia infection; 
called also juxta-anicular nodules and Steiner's 
tumors. juxta-articular n's, Jeanselme's 
nodules. Kerkring's n., Koster's n., a 
tubercle composed of one giant-cell inclosed by a 
double layer of cells. Leishman's n's, the pink- 
NODULE ish nodules seen in the non-ulcerative keloid-like 
type of oriental sore, lymph-n. See lymph- 
nodes, under node. Morgagni's n's, the bodies 
of Arantius. pearly n., one of the nodules of bo- 
vine tuberculosis, pulp-n., a mass of dentin 
found in the pulp-cavity of a tooth. Called also 
pulp-stone, triticeous n. See corpus triticeum. 
nodule-disease. See under disease. 
noduli (nod'u-li). Pl. of nodulus. 
nodulous (nod'u-lus). Same as nodose. 
nodulus (nod'u-lus), pl. nod'uli [L.]. A nodule, 
n. lymphat'icus, a lymph-nodule, nod'uli 
laquea'ti, a knotted appearance of the hair, 
nod'uli lymphat'ici aggrega'ti [pey'eri] [B 
N A], Peyer's patches, nod'uli lymphat'ici 
larynge'i [B N A], the laryngeal tonsils, nod'uli 
lymphat'ici linea'lis [malpig'hii] [B N A], 
malpighian corpuscles, nod'uli lymphat'ici 
solita'rii [B N A], Peyer's glands, nod'uli lym- 
phat'ici tuba'rii [B N A], eustachian tonsils. 
See under tonsil, nod'uli valvula'rium semi- 
luna'rium [aran'tii] [B N A], corpora arantii. 
nodus (no'dus) [L.]. Node. n. cer'ebri, the pons 
Varolii. n. cor'dis, the trigonum fibrosum. n. 
curso'rius, a point in the corpus striatum of some 
animals, as the rabbit, stimulation of which causes 
the animal to rush forward. 
need vital (ne ve-tal') [Fr. "vital knot"]. The 
supposed respiratory center in the medulla ob- 
longata. 
noematachograph (no-e-mah-tak'o-graf) [Gr. 
vb-qpa thought + raxbs swift + ypatpeiv to write]. 
A device for registering the time required in a 
mental operation. 
noematachometer (no-e-mah-tak-om'et-er) [Gr. 
v6T]ia.a thought + raxvs swift + perpov measure]. 
A device for measuring and registering the time 
required in a mental operation. 
noematic (no-e-mat'ik) [Gr. obr]pa thought]. Per- 
taining to thought or the operation of the mind. 
Noguchi's test (no-goo'tshe) [Hideyo Noguchi, 
Japanese pathologist in New York, born 1876]. 
See under tests. 
noli-me-tangere (no"li-me-tan'jer-e) [L. " touch 
me not "]. Rodent ulcer; malignant ulcer. 
noma (no'mah) [Gr. vopr] a spreading]. Gangrenous 
sore mouth; gangrenous stomatitis; a severe 
variety of stomatitis affecting especially young 
children, and marked by the development of a 
spreading ulcer on the mucous membrane of the 
mouth. It is attended by progressively in- 
creasing prostration, and is generally fatal. Called 
also cancrum oris. n. puden'di, n. vul'vse, 
ulceration of the pudendum of young children. 
nomadic (no-mad'ik). Wandering; unsettled; free, 
n. nitrogen. See nitrogen. 
nomenclature (no'men-kla-tur) [L. no'men name 
+ cala're to call]. Terminology; especially a sys- 
tem of names of diseases. 
nomotopic (nom-o-top'ik) [Gr. vbpos law 4- 
t biros place]. Occurring at a normal place; oc- 
curring normally. 
nona (no'nah). A condition resembling lethargic 
encephalitis which appeared in epidemic form in 
southern Europe in 1889-1890. 
non-adherent (non-ad-he'rent). Not adherent to 
or connected with adjacent structures. 
nonan (no'nan) [L. no'nus ninth]. Recurring 
every ninth day, or at intervals of eight days. 
non-antigenic (non-an-te-jen'ik). Not producing 
antigens. 
non compos mentis (non kom'pos men'tis) [L.]. 
Not of sound mind. 
non-conductor (non-kon-duk'tor). Any substance 
that does not readily transmit electricity, light, 
or heat. 
nonigravida (no-ne-grav'id-ah) [L. no'nus ninth 
+ grarfida pregnant]. A woman pregnant for 
the ninth time. 
NODULE-DISEASE 
746 
nonipara (no-nip'ar-ah) [L. no'nus ninth + par1 ere 
to bear], A woman who has borne nine chil- 
dren. 
non-metal (non-met'al). Any chemic element 
that is not a metal. 
Nonne's syndrome (non'ez) [Max Nonne, Ger- 
man physician]. See syndrome. 
Nonne-Apelt reaction (non'eh-ah'pelt) [Max 
Nonne and F. A pelt, contemporary German phys- 
icians]. See under reaction. 
non-nucleated (non-nu'kle-a-ted). Without a nu- 
cleus. 
non-occlusion (non-ok-lu'zhun). Open-bite mal- 
occlusion. See under malocclusion. 
nonose (non'os) [L. no'nus ninth]. A carbohydrate 
containing nine atoms of carbon in the molecule. 
non-parous (non-par'us). Having borne no chil- 
dren: said of a woman. 
non-protein nitrogen. See under nitrogen. 
non-radiable (non-ra'de-a-bl). Impervious to rays, 
such as x-rays, cathode rays, etc. 
Non repetat. Abbreviation for L. non repeta'tur, 
do not repeat. 
non-restraint (non-re-strant'). Treatment of in- 
sanity without physical restraint. 
non-specific therapy. See under therapy. 
non-toxo (non-tok'so). A proprietary local anes- 
thetic containing procain, suprarenin, duatol, and 
thymol. 
nonus (no'nus) [L. for ninth}. The hypoglossal 
nerve, formerly regarded as the ninth cranial 
nerve. 
non-valent (non'va-lent) [L. non not + vatere to 
be able]. Having no chemic valency; not capable 
of entering into chemic composition: used of argon 
and helium. 
non-viable (non-vi'ab-1) [L. non not + viable}. 
Not capable of living: used of the fetus after 
delivery. 
nonyl (no'nil). The monovalent radical C9H19. 
noopsyche (no'o-si-ke) [Gr. rous mind + \pvxv soul]. 
Intellectual processes. 
noratropin (nor-at'ro-pin). A mydriatic alkaloid 
from Scopola, Datura, and various other solanaceous 
plants. 
Nordau's disease, nordauism (nor'dowz, nor'- 
dow-izm) [Max Simon Nordau, German scientist, 
1849-1923]. Degeneracy. 
nor-hyoscyamin (nor"hi-o-si-am'in). A mydri- 
atic alkaloid from certain solanaceous plants. 
nori (no're). A Japanese culture gelatin. 
noridal (no'rid-al). A proprietary suppository used 
for bleeding piles. 
norleucin (nor-lu'sin). An amino-acid, alpha- 
amino normal caproic acid, CH3.(CH2)3.CH(NH2).- 
CO2H, extracted from the leucin fraction of the 
decomposition of the proteins of nervous tissue 
(Abderhalden and Weil, 1913). 
norm (norm) [L. nor'ma rule], A fixed or ideal 
standard. 
norma (nor'mah) [L.]. A line established to define 
the aspects of the cranium. 
normal (nor'mal). 1. Agreeing with the regular and 
established type. 2. In chemistry, noting ali- 
phatic hydrocarbons in which no carbon atom is 
combined with more than two other carbon atoms: 
the term is also applied to salts formed from acids 
and bases in such a way that no acidic hydrogen 
of the acid remains nor any of the basic hydroxyl 
of the base. 3. In bacteriology, not immunized or 
otherwise bacteriologically treated. 
normalin (nor'mal-in). A proprietary preparation 
of iron and arsenic. 
normalization (nor"mal-iz-a'shun). The process 
of bringing or restoring to the normal standard. 
normoblast (nor'mo-blast) [L. nor'ma rule + Gr. 
^XaoTbs germ]. An erythroblast in the stage 
NORMOBLAST succeeding the megaloblast, distinguished from the 
latter by having a smaller round nucleus with dense, 
heavily staining chromatin and a larger amount of 
cytoplasm. They have been called sauroid cells 
because they are like the red blood-cells of reptiles. 
Cf. megaloblast and erythroblast. 
normoblastic (nor-mo-bias'tik). Relating to or 
having the character of a normoblast. 
normocyte (nor'mo-sit) [L. no/ma rule 4- Gr. kvtos 
cell]. A normal non-nucleated erythrocyte. 
normocytic (nor-mo-sit'ik). Relating to or having 
the character of a normocyte. 
normocytosis (nor"mo-si-to'sis) [see normocyte]. 
A normal state of the blood in respect to the leu- 
kocytes. 
normomastic (nor-mo-mas'tik). See Kafka's test, 
under tests. 
normonormocytosis (nor"mo-nor"mo-si-to'sis) 
See isonormocytosis. 
normo-orthocytosis (nor"mo-or"tho-si-to'sis) 
[normal 4- Gr. bpOos correct 4- kvtos cell], A con- 
dition of the blood leukocytes in which the total 
number is increased, but the proportion between 
the different varieties remains normal. 
normosal (nor'mo-sal). An artificial serum de- 
signed to replace normal salt solution for trans- 
fusion, etc. 
normoskeocytosis (nor"mo-ske"o-si-to'sis) [nor- 
mal 4- Gr. a Katos left 4- kvtos cell]. A condition of 
the leukocytes of the blood in which the number is 
normal, but many immature forms (deviation to 
the left) are present. 
nornarcotin (nor-nar'ko-tin). An active principle 
said to exist in opium. 
Norris' corpuscles (nor'is-iz) [Richard Norris, 
English physician 1831-1916]. See corpuscle. 
nortropinon (nor-tro'pin-on). A solid, fusible 
ketone, C8HnNO, derived from tropin. 
Norwegian itch (nor-we'jan). See itch. 
Norwood's tincture (nor'woodz) [Wesley C. 
Norwood, an American physician of the nineteenth 
century]. See tincture. 
nosazontology (nos-az-on-tol'o-je). Nosetiology. 
nose (nbz) [L. na'sus], The special organ of the 
sense of smell. It consists of a hollow structure 
occupying the middle of the face, the upper part of 
which {olfactory region) forms the organ of smell; 
the lower part {respiratory region), or beginning of 
the respiratory tract, acts as a filter and warmer 
of the inspired air. cone n. See Lamus. ham- 
mer n., rhinophyma. saddle-n., saddle- 
back n., swayback n., a nose with a sunken 
bridge. 
nosebleed (noz'bled). See epistaxis. 
nosegay, Riolan's (noz'ga). The group of mus- 
cles that take their origin from the styloid process 
of the temporal bone. 
nosema (no-se'mah), pl. nosem'ata [Gr. vbaypa dis- 
ease]. 1. Any illness or disease. 2. A genus of 
microsporidia. N. a'pis causes the nosema dis- 
ease _ of . bees. N. bom'bycis causes the disease 
pebrine in silkworms. 
nosencephalus (no-sen-sef'al-us) [Gr. vbaos dis- 
ease 4- eyKe<paXos brain]. A fetus with a defective 
cranium and brain. 
nosepiece (noz'pes). A device for applying sev- 
eral objectives in rapid succession to a micro- 
scope without disturbing the focus. 
nosetiology (nos-e-te-ol'o-je) [Gr. voaos disease 4- 
airla cause 4- Xbyos treatise]. The study of the 
causation of disease. 
nosochthonography (nos"ok-tho-nog'raf-e) [Gr. 
vbaos disease 4- xOuv earth 4- ypa<petv to write]. 
The geography of endemic or other diseases; the 
study of the geographic distribution of diseases; 
nosogeography. 
nosocomial (nos-o-ko'me-al). Pertaining to a 
hospital or an infirmary. 
NORMOBLASTIC 
747 
nosocomium (nos-o-ko'me-um) [Gr. vbaos dis- 
ease + Kopeiv to take care of]. A hospital or 
an infirmary. 
nosode (nos'od). Any disease-product used as a 
remedy. 
nosogenesis (no-so-jen'es-is). Nosogeny. 
nosogenic (nos-o-jen'ik) [see nosogeny]. Causing 
disease. 
nosogeny (no-soj'en-e) [Gr. voaos disease + yevvav 
to produce]. Same as pathogenesis. 
nosogeography (nos"o-je-og'rah-fe) [Gr. vbaos 
disease + yr/ earth + ypatpeiv to write]. Same as 
nosochthonography. 
nosographer (no-sog'raf-er). A writer of nosog- 
raphy. 
nosography (no-sog'raf-e) [Gr. vbaos disease 4- 
ypaipeiv to write]. A written account or descrip- 
tion of diseases. 
nosohemia, nosohaemia (nos-o-he'me-ah) [Gr. 
vbaos disease + alpa blood]. Blood disease. 
noso-intoxication (nos"o-in-toks-ik-a'shun). In- 
toxication by the harmful products of disease. 
nosologic, nosological (nos-o-loj'ik, -loj'ik-al). 
Pertaining to nosology. 
nosology no-sol'o-je) [Gr. vbaos disease + Xbyos 
discourse]. The scientific classification of dis- 
eases. 
nosomania (nos-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. vbaos disease 4- 
pavla madness]. The insane and incorrect belief 
of a patient that he has some special disease. 
nosomycosis (nos"o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. vbaos disease 
+ pvktjs fungus], A disease caused by a parasitic 
fungus. 
nosonomy (no-son'o-me) [Gr. vbaos disease 4* 
vbpos law]. The classification of diseases. 
nosoparasite (nos-o-par'as-It) [Gr. vbaos disease + 
parasite]. An organism found in conjunction with 
a disease which it is able to modify, but not to pro- 
duce. 
nosophen (nos'o-fen). Tetraiodophenolphthalein; a 
yellow, antiseptic powder, COs.CelG.C.fCcHah 
OH)2, soluble in alkalis, slightly so in alcohol, 
ether, and chloroform, but insoluble in water: used 
externally as a substitute for iodoform. 
nosophobia (nos-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. vbaos disease 4- 
tpb^os fear]. Morbid dfead of sickness or of any 
special disease. 
nosophyte (nos'o-fit) [Gr. vbaos disease + <pvrbv 
plant]. A pathogenic plant-microorganism. 
nosopoietic (nos"o-poi-et'ik) [Gr. vbaos disease 4* 
iroieiv to make]. Causing or producing disease. 
nosotaxy (nos'o-tak-se) [Gr. vbaos disease 4- rd$is 
arrangement]. The classification of disease. 
nosotoxic (nos-o-toks'ik). Producing nosotoxi- 
cosis. 
nosotoxicity (nos"o-toks-is'it-e). The quality of 
being nosotoxic. 
nosotoxicosis (nos"o-toks-ik-o'sis) [Gr. vbaos dis- 
ease + toxicosis]. Poisoning by retained bodily 
wastes. 
nosotoxin (nos-o-toks'in) [Gr. vbaos disease 4- 
toxin]. Any toxin that is the result of a disease 
process. 
nosotrophy (no-sot'ro-fe) [Gr. vbaos disease 4- 
Tpo<py nourishment]. The care and nursing of 
the sick. 
nosotropic (no-so-trop'ik) [Gr. vbaos disease 4- 
Tpbiros turning]. Directed against or opposed to a 
disease, especially as distinguished from etiotropic. 
nostalgia, nostalgy (nos-tal'je-ah, nos'tal-je) [Gr. 
voareiv to return home 4" aXyos pain]. Home- 
sickness; longing to return home or to one's native 
land. 
nostology (nos-tol'o-je) [Gr. voareiv to return 
4~ Xoyos treatise]. Same as gerontology. 
nostomania (nos-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. voareiv to go 
home 4- pavla madness]. Intense or insane nos- 
talgia. 
NOSTOMANIA NOSTRILS 
748 
nostrils (nos'trilz). The anterior nares. 
nostrum (nos'trum) [LJ. A quack, patent, or se- 
cret remedy. 
notal (no'tal) [Gr. putop back]. Pertaining to the 
back; dorsal. 
notalgia (no-tal'je-ah) [Gr. p&top back + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the back. 
notancephalia (no"tan-se-fa'le-ah) [Gr. put op back 
4- ap priv. 4- Ke^aXq head]. Congenital absence 
of the back of the skull. 
notanencephalia (no"tan-en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. 
putop back 4- eyKe<paXos head]. Absence of the 
cerebellum. 
notch (notsh). An indentation or depression; 
chiefly one on the edge of a bone or other organ, 
acetabular n. See cotyloid n. aortic n. See 
dicrotic n. auricular n. Same as incisura 
santorini. cardiac n., a depression in the an- 
terior border of the left lung for the apex of the 
heart, cerebellar n., the incisura cerebelli. 
clavicular n., a notch at the upper end of 
the sternum for the articulation of the clavicle, 
coracoid n., a depression at the upper edge of 
the scapula at the root of the coracoid process. 
Called also semilunar n. cotyloid n., a notch 
in the acetabulum near the obturator foramen. 
Called also acetabular n. craniofacial n., an 
opening in the bony partition between the orbital 
and nasal cavities, dicrotic n., the depres- 
sion on the sphygmogram of a dicrotic pulse-wave 
which separates the primary from the dicrotic 
elevation. It is caused by closure of the aortic 
valves, and is also called aortic n. ethmoid n., 
the notch between the orbital plates of the frontal 
bone, fibular n., a depression in the lower end 
of the tibia for articulation with the fibula, ilio- 
sciatic n., the greater sciatic notch, inter- 
clavicular n., the median depression in the up- 
per border of the sternum, intercondyloid n., 
the notch between the condyles of the femur, in- 
terlobar n., the notch on the ventral border of 
the liver between the right and left lobes, inter- 
tragic n., the notch between the tragus and 
the antitragus, intervertebral n., a depres- 
sion of the intervertebral pedicles on the upper 
or lower surface, ischiatic n., the sacrosciatic 
notch, jugular n., an indentation that forms 
the posterior boundary of the jugular foramen, 
lacrimal n., the notch in the edge of the orbital 
surface of the superior maxillary bone which re- 
ceives the lacrimal bone, mandibular n. 
Same as sigmoid n. marsupial n., the incisura 
cerebelli posterior, mastoid n., the digastric 
fossa, nasal n., the interval between the 
internal angular processes of the frontal bone. 
■ pancreatic n., a depression on the posterior 
surface of the pancreas for the superior mesenteric 
vessels, parotid n., the notch between the 
ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process of 
the temporal bone, popliteal n., a depres- 
sion of the posterior surface of the head of the 
tibia, between the two tuberosities, preoc- 
cipital n., a notch on the lower edge of the 
external surface of a cerebral hemisphere, between 
the occipital and temporal lobes, presternal 
n., the interclavicular notch, pterygoid n., the 
notch between the pterygoid processes of the sphe- 
noid bone, radial n., the lesser sigmoid cavity of 
the ulna. n. of Rivinus, a groove in the osseous 
tympanic ring filled with Shrapnell's membrane, 
sacrosciatic n., either one of two notches 
(greater and lesser) on the posterior border of the 
innominate bone, scapular n. Same as supra- 
scapular n. sciatic n., sacrosciatic notch, 
semilunar n. See coracoid n. Sibson's n., 
an inward bend of the left upper limit of pre- 
cordial dulness in acute pericardial effusion, sig- 
moid n., a deep depression which separates the 
coronoid and condyloid processes, spheno- 
palatine n., the space between the orbital and 
sphenoid processes of the palate bone, sternal 
n., the interclavicular notch, supraorbital 
n., a notch near the middle of the supraorbital 
arch, suprascapular n., a depression in the 
superior border of the scapula, suprasternal 
n., a depression at the top of the manubrium, 
trigeminal n., a notch in the superior border of 
the petrosal near the apex, transmitting the tri- 
geminal nerve, tympanic n. Same as n. of 
Rivinus, ulnar n., the sigmoid cavity of the 
ulna, umbilical n., the anterior notch of the 
liver. 
note-blindness (not'blind-nes). Loss of the power 
of recognizing musical notes by the eye. 
notencephalocele (no"ten-se-fal'os-el) [Gr. p&tov 
back + eyKetpaXos brain + K-qX-q hernia]. Hernial 
protrusion of the brain from the back of the 
head. 
notencephalus (no-ten-sef'al-us) [Gr. putop back 
+ eyxe^aXos brain], A fetal monster affected 
with notencephalocele. 
Nothnagel's sign, test (not'nah-gelz) [Hermann 
Nothnagel, German physician, 1841-1905]. See 
under sign and tests. 
notifiable (no'ti-fi-a-bl). That should be made 
known: said of diseases that are required to be 
made known to the board of health. 
notochord (no'to-kord) [Gr. putop back + x°P^V 
cord]. The rod-shaped body, composed of cells 
derived from the mesoblast, below the primitive 
groove of the embryo, defining the primitive axis 
of the body. Called also chorda dorsalis. 
Notoed'res ca'ti. An itch mite which causes a 
very persistent and often fatal disease in cats and 
temporarily infests man. 
notomelus (no-tom'el-us) [Gr. putop back + jueXos 
limb]. A fetus with accessory limbs. 
notomyelitis (no"to-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. putop back 4- 
myelitis]. Inflammation of the spinal cord. 
novain (no-va'in). An active principle obtained 
from Liebig's extract of meat. It causes vomit- 
ing, purging, salivation, and mydriasis when in- 
jected into cats. See carnitin. 
novargan (no-var'gan). A yellow powder; a pro- 
tein preparation of silver containing 10 per cent, 
of silver: used in gonorrhea. 
novarsenobenzol (nov-ar-sen-o-ben'zol). Same 
as neosalvarsan. 
novarsenobillon (nov-ar-sen-o-be'yon). A French 
make of neosalvarsan. 
novaspirin (no-vas'pir-in). Anhydromethylene 
citric acid disalicylate, CO2.(OCH2).C[CH2(CCh)-- 
CeH4.CO2H]2, a grayish-white powder: used like 
aspirin. Dose, 10-15 gr- (0.66-1 gm.). 
novatopan, novatophan (no-vat'o-pan, -vat'o- 
fan). Same as neocinchophen. 
noviform (no'vif-orm). Novoform. 
novocain (no-vo-ka'in). A local anesthetic; a crys- 
talline compound, NH2.C6H4.CO2.(CH2)2.N.(C2- 
H6)2HC1, or para-amino-benzoyldiethylamino-eth- 
anol hydrochlorid: used in aqueous solution (0.2 
to 2 per cent.) like cocain. 
novocol (no'vo-kol). Sodium guaiacol monophos- 
phate: used in tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and 
respiratory catarrh. 
novoform (no'vo-form). A combination of bis- 
muth oxid with tetra-pyrocatechin: used like iodo- 
form. 
novoiodin (no-vo-i'o-din). A proprietary disinfect- 
ant hexamethylene amine diiodide, which is said 
on contact with wound secretion, to liberate iodin 
and formaldehyd. 
novorenal (no-vo-re'nal). A preparation of novo- 
cain and adrenalin hydrochlorid: used as a local 
anesthetic. 
novoscope (no'vo-skop) [L. no'vus new 4- scope]. 
Fornai's instrument for auscultatory percussion. 
novozone (no'vo-zon). Magnesium peroxid. 
novrenin (nov-ren'in). A proprietary preparation 
of novocain in a solution of adrenalin chlorid. 
NOVRENIN NOXA 
noxa (noks'ah), pl. nox'ce [L. "harm"]. An in- 
jurious agent, act, or influence. 
noxious (nok'shus) [L. nox'ius]. Hurtful; not 
wholesome; pernicious. 
noyau (nwo-yo') [Fr.]. A liqueur, or cordial, 
flavored with the kernels of Cer'asus occidenta'lis, 
a cherry; made in the West Indies: elsewhere 
flavored with peach-kernels, etc. 
N-phenylglycinamid-p-arsonic acid. See 
under acid. 
N-rays. See under ray. 
Nt. The symbol of niton. 
nubecula (nu-bek'u-lah) [L. dim. of nu'bes cloud]. 
Slight cloudiness of the cornea or of the urine. 
nubility (nu-bil'it-e) [L. nubil'itas; from nube're 
to marry]. Marriageableness; fitness to marry: 
used of the female. 
nucha (nu'kah) [LJ. The back, nape, or scruff 
of the neck. 
nuchal (nu'kal). Pertaining to the nucha. 
nucin (nu'sin) [L. nux, nu'cis, nut]. Same as 
juglandic acid. 
nucis (nu'sis) [L. gen. of nux nut]. Of a nut. 
Nuck's canal, hydrocele (nuks) [Anton Nuck, 
Dutch anatomist, 1650-1692]. See canal and 
hydrocele. 
nuclear (nu'kle-ar). Pertaining to a nucleus. 
nuclease (nu'kle-as). Any enzyme which splits up 
nucleic acid. The nucleases are formed in bacterial 
cultures, and include typhase, chloralase, and pyo- 
cyanase. 
nucleated (nu'kle-a-ted) [L. nuclea'tus]. Having 
a nucleus or nuclei. 
nuclei (nu'kle-i). Plural of nucleus. 
nucleic acid (nu-kle'ik). See under acid. 
nucleid (nu'kle-id). Any compound of nucleic acid 
with a metallic element. 
nucleiform (nu'kle-if-orm). Shaped like a nucleus, 
nuclein (nu'kle-in). A phosphorized protein, 
C29H4gN9P3O22, forming the essential chemic 
constituent of the nuclei of cells (F. Miescher, 1874). 
It is a colorless, amorphous compound, soluble in 
dilute alkalies, but insoluble in dilute acids. The 
nucleins consist of nucleic acid and bases which 
vary in the different nucleins. Yeast nuclein yields 
two purins, adenin and guanin, and two pyrimidins, 
cytosin and uracil. The nucleins include cell- 
nucleins or true nucleins, which split up into pro- 
tein and nucleic acids; pseudonucleins, paranucleins, 
or nucleo-albumins, and nucleic acid. The nuclein 
of various glands and of blood-serum is sometimes 
given therapeutically. Dose, 30-45 gr. (2-3 gm.), 
n.-animal, an animal into whose blood a certain 
amount of nuclein has been injected, n.-bases, 
the bases formed by the chemic decomposition 
of nuclein, yeast-n., a compound, C40H59N16O22- 
(P20s)3, thought to have germicidal properties. 
nucleinase (nu'kle-in-as). Nuclease. 
nucleinic acid (nu-kle-in'ik). Same as nucleic acid. 
nucleinotherapy (nu-kle"in-o-ther'ap-e). Treat- 
ment with nucleinate of soda, e. g., in paralysis 
agitans. 
nucleo-albumin (nu"kle-o-al-bu'min). Any one 
of a class of nucleins obtainable from the proto- 
plasm of cells. The nucleo-albumins are nu- 
cleins containing a high percentage of albumin. 
They differ from nucleoproteins by containing 
paranucleic acid, which forms no xanthin bodies. 
Called also paranuclein and pseudonuclein. 
nucleo-albuminuria (nu"kle-o-al-bu-min-u're- 
ah). The presence of nucleo-albumin in the urine. 
nucleo-albumose (nu"kle-o-al'bu-mos). Nucleo- 
albumin which has been partly hydrolyzed; it has 
been found in the urine of osteomalacia. 
nucleo-analysis (nu"kle-o-an-al'is-is). Analysis 
of the blood from the point of view of the nucleated 
leukocytes. 
749 
nucleo-analytic (nu"kle-o-an-al-it'ik). Pertain- 
ing to or based on nucleo-analysis. 
nucleochylema (nu"kle-o-ki-le'mah) [nucleus + 
Gr. xvXos juice]. The ground-substance of the 
nucleus of a cell as distinguished from that of 
the cytoplasm. 
nucleochyme (nu'kle-o-kim) [nucleus + Gr. %um6s 
juice]. Same as karyenchyma. 
nucleofugal (nu-kle-of'u-gal) [nucleus + L. fu'- 
gere to flee]. Moving away from a nucleus. 
nucleogen (nu'kle-o-jen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of iron, arsenic, and phosphorus: used as a 
roborant, 
nucleoglucoprotein (nu"kle-o-glu"ko-pro'te-in). 
A combination of a nucleoprotein with a carbo- 
hydrate. 
nucleohiston (nu"kle-o-his'ton). x. A peculiar 
nucleoprotein from the nuclei of lymphocytes. 
It is composed of nuclein and histon, and by the 
integrity of these elements of the compound the 
liquid state of the blood is thought to be preserved, 
since nuclein causes coagulation of the blood, 
while histon prevents it. 2. A therapeutic extract 
of the lymphatic glands and spleen of animals: 
bactericide and antituberculous. 
nucleohyaloplasm (nu"kle-o-hi-al'o-plazm). The 
parachromatin of a cell-nucleus. 
nucleoid (nu'kle-oid). 1. Resembling a nucleus. 
2. The granular substance in the erythrocytes 
formed from the original nucleus. 
nucleokeratin (nu"kle-o-ker'at-in). A variety of 
keratin found in the nervous system. 
nucleol (nu'kle-ol). A protein forming soluble 
compounds with metallic salts. 
nucleolar (nu-kle'o-lar). Pertaining to a nucleo- 
lus. 
nucleoliform (nu-kle'ol-if-orm). Shaped like a 
nucleolus. 
nucleolin (nu-kle'o-lin). The substance composing 
the nucleolus of a cell; plastin. 
nucleolinus (nu"kle-o-li'nus). Same as nucleolus. 
nucleoloid (nu'kle-o-loid). Resembling a nucleo- 
lus. 
nucleololus (nu-kle-ol'o-lus). A nucleolonucleus. 
nucleolonucleus (nu"kle-o-lo-nu'kle-us). A nu- 
clear mass within a nucleus. 
nucleolus (nu-kle'o-lus), pl. nucle'oli [L. dim. of 
nu'cleus]. A round achromatic body within the 
nucleus of a cell. Called also plasmosome, chro- 
matin n., and karyosome, secondary n., a 
mass sometimes seen near a nucleolus, and looking 
like a separated portion of the latter. 
nucleomicrosome (nu"kle-o-mi'kro-som) [nu- 
cleus + Gr. u^pos small + aw/za body]. Any one 
of the minute segments of a chromatin fiber. 
nucleon (nu'kle-on). Same as phosphocarnic acid. 
See under acid. 
nucleonic (nu-kle-on'ik). Pertaining to a nucleus. 
Consisting of compounds of one or more protein 
molecules with nucleic acid. 
nucleopetal (nu-kle-op'et-al) [L. nu'cleus nucleus 
+ pet'ere to seek]. Directed toward a nucleus. 
Nucleophaga (nu-kle-of'ag-ah) [nucleus + Gr. 
tpayuv to eat]. An organism which is parasitic in 
amebas, destroying the nucleus of the latter. 
nucleoplasm (nu'kle-o-plazm) [nucleus + plasma]. 
The protoplasm composing the nucleus of a cell; 
karyoplasm. 
nucleoprotamin (nu"kle-o-pro-tam'in). A com- 
pound of protamin and nucleic acid found chiefly in 
fish sperm. 
nucleoproteid (nu"kle-o-pro'te-id). Same as nu- 
cleoprotein. 
nucleoprotein (nu"kle-o-pro'te-in). Any one of 
a group of compound proteins, consisting of com- 
pounds of one or more protein molecules with 
NUCLEOPROTEIN 750 
NUCLEUS 
nucleic acid. On digestion with gastric juice they 
are decomposed into protein and nucleic acid. 
The nucleoproteins form an important constituent 
of cell nuclei. Same as nucleo-albumin. 
nucleoreticulum (nu"kle-o-re-tik'u-lum) [nucleus 
+ reticulum]. Any intranuclear network. 
nucleose (nu'kle-6s). Any albumose of the class 
to which the vegetable nucleo-albumins belong. 
The nucleoses are foods, and are also antiseptic, 
bactericidal, phagocytic, and diuretic. 
nucleosid, nucleoside (nu'kle-o-sid). One of the 
compounds into which a nucleotid is split by the 
action of nucleotidase. 
nucleosidase (nu'kle-o-sid-as). A ferment which 
splits nucleosid into a carbohydrate portion 
(pentose) and a base. 
nucleosin (nu'kle-o-sin). Same as thymin. 
nucleotherapy (nu"kle-o-ther'ap-e) [nuclein + 
therapy]. The treatment of disease with nucleins 
from blood-serum and from various glands. 
nucleothyminic acid (nu"kle-o-thi-min'ik). See 
under acid. 
nucleotid, nucleotide (nu'kle-o-tid). One of 
the compounds into which nucleic acid is split by 
the action of nucleinase. See mononucleotid. 
nucleotidase (nu-kle-ot'id-as). A ferment which 
splits nucleotid into nucleosids. 
nucleotoxin (nu"kle-o-toks'in). A toxin from cell- 
nuclei; also any toxin which affects the cell- 
nuclei. 
nucleus (nu'kle-us), pl. nu'clei [L.]. 1. A sphe- 
roid bocjy within a cell, forming the essential and 
vital part. It is distinguished from the rest of 
the cell by its denser structure and by containing 
nuclein. It is made up of a network of threads 
(chromatin) contained in a clear liquid (achro- 
matin). 2. A group of nerve-cells in the central 
nervous system. 3. In chemistry, the central 
element in the molecule of a compound; the frame- 
work of a molecule. 4. The center of an atom 
made up of alpha particles, protons, and electrons. 
It contains an excess of positive electricity, the 
exact amount depending on the atomic number, 
and constitutes almost all of the mass of the 
atom, abducens n., n. abducen'tis, the 
nucleus of origin of the abducens nerve, a gray 
mass within the lower part of the pons, near 
the floor of the fourth ventricle, accessory 
auditory n., a mass of gray matter in the ob- 
longata at the junction of the lateral and median 
roots of the auditory nerve, n. acus'ticus, the 
auditory nucleus, n. a'lse cine'reae [B N A], the 
sensory nucleus of the vagus and glossopharyngeal 
nerves situated below the acoustic area in the floor 
of the fourth ventricle, n. ambig'uus [B N A], 
the nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the ob- 
longata. n. amyg'dalae [B N A], amygdaloid 
n., a small mass of subcortical gray matter under 
the tip of the temporal lobe, anterior to the lateral 
end of the descending cornu of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain, n. angula'ris. See Bechterew's n. 
n. arcifor'mis, a small mass of gray matter on 
the surface of the anterior pyramid of the oblongata, 
n. arcua'tus, a gray nucleus within the thalamus, 
situated dorsad from the red nucleus, auditory 
n., any one of the nuclei in the oblongata 
whence the auditory nerves arise. See accessory 
auditory n., Bechterew's n., Deiters' n. Balbi- 
ani's n., the nucleus of the yolk of an ovum, 
n. basa'lis, the inferior olivary body. Bech- 
terew's n., a nucleus of gray matter situated 
within the lateral wall of the fourth ventricle, 
above Deiters' nucleus. It gives origin to fibers 
of the median and vestibular roots of the audi- 
tory nerve. Called also n. angularis and n. 
vestibuli. Bedard's n., a vascular lenticular- 
shaped nucleus of bone seen in the cartilage of the 
lower epiphysis of the femur during the thirty- 
seventh week of fetal life. Blumenau's n., 
the lateral portion of the cuneate nucleus. Bur- 
dach's n., the cuneate nucleus, caudal n., 
NUCLEORETICULUM 
the oculomotor nucleus, caudate n., n. cauda'- 
tus [B N A], a part of the corpus striatum which 
projects anteriorly into the lateral ventricle, n. 
cerebel'li, dentate nucleus, n. cerebel'lo- 
acus'ticus, a mass of nerve-cells in the wall of 
the fourth ventricle, cervical n., a nucleus in the 
spinal cord opposite the third and fourth cervical 
nerves, n. cine'reum, the gray matter of the 
restiform bodies. Clarke's n., an aggregation of 
nerve-cells at the level of the third cervical nerve, 
cleavage-n. See segmentation n. cochlear 
n., the ventral part of the auditory nucleus, n. 
collic'uli inferio'ris [B N A], a mass of gray 
matter in the center of the testis of the corpora 
quadrigemina. conjugation-n. Same as seg- 
mentation n. n. cor poris genicula'ti latera- 
lis [B N A], a mass of gray matter in the lateral 
geniculate body. n. cor'poris genicula'ti 
media'lis [B N A], a mass of gray matter in the 
medial geniculate body, cuneate n., the con- 
tinuation of the cuneate fasciculus into the oblon- 
gata. Darkschewitsch's n., a mass of cells in 
the upper part of the aqueduct above the third 
nucleus, and extending into the walls of the third 
ventricle. The cells are connected with the poste- 
rior commissure and the posterior longitudinal fas- 
ciculus. Deiters' n., a mass of gray matter in the 
oblongata on the inner side of the restiform body: 
it gives origin to the median root of the auditory 
nerve, dentate n., a large nucleus embedded 
within the hemisphere of the cerebellum from which 
the fibers of the brachium conjunctivum arise. 
n. de reliquat, rest-body, dorsal n. Same 
as Clarke's column. dorsal vagoglosso- 
pharyngeal n., a long cell-column placed 
dorsad to the hypoglossal nucleus. Duval's 
n., an assemblage of multipolar ganglion-cells 
situated ventrolaterad from the hypoglossal nu- 
cleus in the oblongata. Edinger's n. i. Same 
as Westphal's n. 2. A nucleus at the beginning of 
the sylvian aqueduct in the third ventricle, em- 
boliform n., a small mass between the dentate 
nucleus and the nucleus fastigii. n. facia'lis, a 
nucleus of the pons which supplies the orbicularis 
palpebrarum and frontalis muscles, n. fasti'gii 
[BN A], a flat mass of gray matter in the cerebellum 
over the roof of the fourth ventricle. Called also 
fastigatum. fertilization n. See synkaryon. 
free n., a cell-nucleus from which the other parts 
of the cell have disappeared, the nucleus retaining 
its functional activity, n. funic'uli cunea'ti 
[B N A], the cuneate nucleus, n. funic'uli gra'- 
cilis [B N A], the nucleus gracilis, gametic n., 
the gonad of sarcodina. germinal n., the result of 
the union of the male and female pronuclei, gin- 
gival n., a part of the cerebellum in the third 
and fourth months of fetal life. n. globo'sus 
[B N A], a mass of gray matter in the cerebellum 
between the nucleus dentatus and nucleus fastigii. 
Goll's n., a nucleus in the basal part of the poste- 
rior pyramid of the oblongata, gonad n., the 
reproductive nucleus of a cell as distinguished from 
the trophonucleus. n. gra'cilis, a column of 
gray substance in the dorsal pyramid of the ob- 
longata. gray n., the gray substance of the spinal 
cord. n. haben'ulae [B N A]. Same as ganglion, 
habenula, hypoglossal n., the nucleus of origin 
of the hypoglossal nerve situated in the medulla,, 
anterior to the central canal, and between the level 
of the decussation of the pyramids and the calamus 
scriptorius. n. hypothalam'icus [B N A], Luys' 
body; a lens-shaped collection of gray matter in the 
subthalamic portion of the hypothalamus. See 
subthalamus, n. intercala'tus, a group of 
ganglion-cells between the dorsal nucleus of the 
vagus nerve and that of the hypoglossal nerve. 
Called also Staderini's n. interpeduncular 
n., a nucleus situated between the cerebral pe- 
duncles which receives the habenulopeduncular 
tract, intraventricular n., the nucleus cau- 
datus. Kaiser's n., longitudinal motor nuclei 
in the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the 
cord, between the intermediolateral column and NUCLEUS 
751 
NUMMULATION 
the 'median column. Klein-Gumprecht n., 
unstainable nuclei seen in degenerating lympho- 
cytes in leukemia. Kblliker's n., the gray 
matter surrounding the central canal of the spinal 
cord, large-cell n. See n. ambiguus. large- 
cell auditory n. See Deiters' n. laryngeal 
n., the nucleus of origin of the nerve-fibers going 
to the larynx, n. latera'lis [B N A], a mass of 
cells in the medulla oblongata between the olive and 
the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando. Laura's 
n., the external auditory nucleus, lenticular 
n., the part of the corpus striatum external to the 
third ventricle, n. lentifor'mis [B N A], the 
lenticular nucleus, n. len'tis, the nucleus of the 
crystalline lens. Luys' n., the hypothalamus or, 
more correctly, its ventral layer, medullary n., 
the white matter of the cerebellum, mesenceph- 
alic n. Same as Spitzka's n. Monakow's n., 
the lateral part of the cuneate nucleus, motion 
n., kinetonucleus. motor n., any collec- 
tion of cells of the central nervous system giv- 
ing origin to a motor nerve. nerve n., a nu- 
cleus of the nervous system connected with the roots 
of a cranial nerve, n. ner'vi abducen'tis [BN 
A]. See abducens n. n. ner'vi acus'tici [B N A], 
the auditory nucleus, n. ner'vi cochlea'ris [B N 
A], the cochlear nucleus, n. ner'vi fa'cialis [B 
N A], the facial nucleus, n. ner'vi hypoglos'si 
[BN A], the hypoglossal nucleus, n. ner'vi 
oculomoto'rii [B N A], the oculomotor nucleus, 
n. ner'vi trochlea'ris [B N A], the trochlear 
nucleus, n. ner'vi vestibula'ris [B N A], the 
vestibular nucleus, nutrition n., trophonucleus. 
oculomotor n., the nucleus of the oculomo- 
tor nerve under the aqueduct of Sylvius, 
olivary n., the olivary body. n. of ori- 
gin, any collection of ganglion-cells giving origin 
to the fibers, or a part of the fibers, of a nerve. 
Pander's n., a lentil-shaped mass of gray matter 
between the tegmental nucleus and the correspond- 
ing corpus albicans, beneath the optic thalamus. 
Perlia's n., an oculomotor center situated in the 
cinerea below the aqueduct of Sylvius. Piorry's 
n., an area of dulness to percussion on the back 
over the liver, polymorphic n., a nucleus 
that assumes an irregular form or splits up into 
more or less completely separated lobes, n. 
pon'tis [B N A], numerous small masses of gray 
matter within the pons. n. pulpo'sus, a pulpy 
mass in the center of the intervertebral disks, 
pyramidal n., the inner accessory olivary nu- 
cleus. n. quin'tus, the nucleus of origin of the 
trigeminal nerve, red n. See tegmental n. re- 
productive n., micronucleus. Roller's n., 
a nucleus near the hilum of the olivary body. 
Roller's central n., a nucleus in the oblongata 
near the raphe, and between the posterior longitu- 
dinal fasciculus and the lemniscus, roof n., 
a nucleus in the middle lobe of the cerebellum over 
the roof of the fourth ventricle, n. ru'ber [B N 
A]. See tegmental n. sacral n., a mass of gray 
substance in the spinal cord opposite the origin of 
the second and third sacral nerves, segmenta- 
tion n., the nucleus of a fertilized ovum formed by 
the union of a male with a female pronucleus and 
undergoing segmentation. Called also cleavage n. 
sensory n., a nucleus of nerve-cells forming the 
origin of the sensory portion of the trigeminal 
nerve, shadow n., a nucleus without any 
staining properties; an unstainable nucleus. 
Siemerling's n., one of the anterior group 
of oculomotor nuclei in the cinerea under the 
aqueduct of Sylvius. somatic n., macro- 
nucleus. Spitzka's n., one of a group of 
oculomotor nuclei in the cinerea below the aque- 
duct of Sylvius. Staderini's n. See n. 
intercalatus. Stilling's n. 1. The deep 
origin of the hypoglossal nerve in the floor of 
the fourth ventricle. 2. The tegmental nucleus. 
Stilling's sacral n., the sacral nucleus, sub- 
ependymal n., the internal nucleus of the audi- 
tory nerve. subthalamic n., nucleus hypo- 
thalamicus. superior n. Same as Deiters' n. 
n. taenisefor'mis. See claustrum. tegmen- 
tal n., a nucleus of gray matter containing 
numerous ganglion-cells of a red color, in the 
tegmental region of the crus cerebri near the 
optic thalamus. Called also n. tegmenti, red n., 
roof n., Stilling's n., and tectorial cerebellar n. 
n. trac'tus solita'rius [B N A], the nucleus of 
termination. of the vagus and glossopharyngeal 
nerves, triangular n., the cuneate nucleus, 
vagoglossopharyngeal n., the common nucleus 
of deep origin of the vagus and glossopharyngeal 
nerves, vesicular n., a form of cell-nucleus 
the membrane of which stains deeply, while the 
central part is rather pale. n. vestibula'ris. 
Same as Bechterew's n. vitelline n., a nucleus 
produced by the fusion of the male and female 
pronuclei in the vitellus. Voit's n., a cerebellar 
nucleus accessory to the corpus dentatum. West- 
phal's n., a small gray nucleus beneath the 
aqueduct of Sylvius: the origin of some of the 
fibers of the trochlear nerve, white n., the 
white part of the dentate body of the olive. 
Nuel's space (ne-elz') [J. P. Nuel, Belgian oculist, 
1847-1920]. See under space. 
nuforal (nu'fo-ral). A proprietary remedy for 
tuberculosis containing formic acid, nucleinic acid, 
and allyl sulphid. 
Nuhn's glands (noonz) [Anton Nuhn, German an- 
atomist, 1814-1889]. See under gland. 
nullipara (nul-ip'ar-ah) [L. nul'lus none + par'ere 
to bear]. A woman who has never borne a 
child. 
nulliparity (nul-ip-ar'it-e). The condition or 
fact of being nulliparous. 
nulliparous (nul-ip'ar-us). Having never given 
birth to a child. 
number, acetyl. The number of milligrams of 
KOH necessary to neutralize the acetic acid 
saponified from 1 gram of acetylated fat. It rep- 
resents the extent to which the fatty acids are 
oxidized, acid n., the number of milligrams of 
potassium hydroxid necessary to neutralize the 
free fatty acids in 1 gram of substance. It repre- 
sents a measure of the amount of free fatty acids in 
the fat. atomic n., the amount of positive 
■ charge on the nucleus expressed as protons. In a 
neutral atom the surrounding electrons represent 
a corresponding amount of negative electricity. 
When arranged according to the atomic numbers 
the atoms form a series very similar to the periodic 
table, but without some of its difficulties. Hehner 
n., the percentage of water-insoluble fatty acids 
obtainable from a fat. Hittorf n., the portion 
of the current conducted by an ion in electrolysis; 
called also transport n. Hubl n., iodin number, 
hydrogen n., the amount of hydrogen that fats 
can take up. It represents the amount of un- 
saturated fatty acids present, iodin n., the 
amount of iodin which 1 gram of the fat can take 
up. It indicates the amount of unsaturated fatty 
acids present in the fat. isotopic n., the num- 
ber which added to twice the atomic number gives 
the atomic weight. Reichert-Meissl n., the 
number of cubic centimeters of N/10 KOH re- 
quired to neutralize the volatile fatty acids dis- 
tilled from 5 grams of fat after it has been saponified 
with KOH and then made acid with H3PO4 or 
H2SO4. saponification n., a number which 
expresses the amount of neutral esters present in 
fat. It is expressed in milligrams of the potassium 
hydroxid required to neutralize the fatty acids 
that are set free on saponification, transport n. 
See Hittorf n. 
nummiform (num'if-orm) [L. num'mus coin -f- 
for'ma form]. Shaped like a coin or round disk. 
nummular (num'u-lar) [L. nummula'ris]. i- 
Coin-shaped. 2. Made up of round, flat disks. 
3. Piled, like coins, in a rouleau. 
nummulation (num-u-la'shun). The assumption, 
of a nummular form. nunnation (nun-a'shun) [Heb. nun letter NJ. 
The too frequent use of w-sounds, or the nasal- 
izing of sounds or words. 
Nuphar (Nym'phaea) ad'vena, N. kalmia'na 
(nu'far). The yellow pond-lily, or spatter-dock, of 
North America: the roots are used in preparing 
poultices for carbuncles. 
nurse (ners). A person who takes care of the sick, 
wounded, or enfeebled, especially one who makes a 
profession of it- district n., the name given in 
Great Britain to a visiting nurse, from the fact 
that such a nurse was placed in charge of each one 
of the districts into which the city or community 
was divided, graduate n., a nurse who is a 
graduate of a training school, public health 
n., a graduate nurse employed in a community to 
safeguard the health of its people. She gives care 
to the sick or their homes, promotes health by 
teaching families how to keep well, and assists in 
the prevention of disease. Queen's n., in Great 
Britain, a district nurse who has been trained at 
or in accordance with the regulations of the Queen 
Victoria Jubilee Institute for Nurses, registered 
n., a graduate nurse who has been registered and 
licensed to practice by a State Board of Nurse 
Examiners or other state authority. Such a nurse 
is legally entitled to place the letters R. N. after 
her name, school n., a trained nurse whose 
duties are to visit the elementary public schools 
and supplement the work of the physician in 
medical inspection of schools, trained n., a 
nurse who has been trained in and graduated from 
a training school, visiting n., a trained nurse, 
employed by an association, whose duties consist 
in visiting and caring for the sick poor in their 
homes, wet n., a woman who furnishes breast 
feeding for the infants of others. 
nurses' contracture (ner'sez). See contracture. 
Nussbaum's cells, experiment (noos'bowms) 
[Moritz Nussbaum, German histologist, 1850- 
1915]. See under cell and experiment. 
Nussbaum's narcosis (noos'bowms) [Johann 
Nepomuk von Nussbaum, German surgeon, 1829- 
1890]. See narcosis. 
nutarian (nu-ta're-an). One who lives chiefly on 
nuts. 
nutation (nu-ta'shun) [L. nuta'tio]. The act of 
nodding: a to-and-fro movement. 
nutgall (nut'gawl) [L. gal'la]. An excrescence 
growing upon oak-trees, especially the' Que/cus 
lusitan'ica, and produced by the puncture of an 
insect. Nutgalls contain tannic and gallic acids, 
and are used as astringents in diarrhea and relaxed 
mucous membranes. Dose of tincture, 30-60 
4nin. (2-4 c.c.). They are also used in preparing 
unguen'tum gal'lce and unguen'tum gal'la: cum 
op'io. 
nutmeg (nut'meg) [L. myris'tica}. The kernel 
of the seed of Myris'tica frag'rans, a tree of various 
hot regions, a native of the East Indies. From it 
are derived a volatile and a fixed oil, the latter 
being a thick, butter-like substance, which is used 
as a demulcent and excipient. Nutmeg and its 
volatile oil are used as flavoring agents. Dose of 
spirit, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). Nutmeg is used in 
aromatic powder {pul'vis aromat'icus). Dose, 10- 
30 gr. (0.66-2 gm.); also in pul'vis ere'toe aromat'icus. 
Dose, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.). 
nutone (nu'ton). A proprietary nutritive tonic. 
nutrabin (nu'trab-in). A proprietary food prepa- 
ration of beef and milk proteins. 
nutramin, nutramine (nu-tram'in). Same as 
vitamin. 
nutrescin (nu-tres'in). A substance supposed to 
be split off from the bioplasmin molecule and to 
supply the nutrition of the cell. 
nutriant (nu'tre-ant). A drug which affects the 
nutritive or metabolic processes of the body. 
nutriceptor (nu-tri-sep'tor). A receptor or side- 
NUNNATION 
752 
chain which combines with nutritive matter to 
serve the nutrition of a cell. 
nutricia (nu-trish'e-ah). A proprietary milk- 
preparation for infants' food. 
nutrient (nu'tre-ent) [L. nu'triens]. Nourishing; 
affording nutriment. 
nutriment (nu'tre-ment) [L. nutrimen'turn]. Nour- 
ishment; nutritious material. 
nutrin (nu'trin). A proprietary food-preparation 
of meat. 
nutrition (nu-trish'un) [L. nutri'tio]. i. The proc- 
ess of assimilating food. 2. Nutriment. 
nutritional (nu-trish'un-al). Relating to or affect- 
ing nutrition. 
nutritious (nu-trish'us) [L. nutri'tius}. Affording 
nourishment. 
nutritive (nu'trit-iv). Pertaining to nutrition. 
nutritorium (nu-trit-o're-um) [L. nutrito'rius 
nourishing]. The apparatus of nutrition. 
nutrolactis (nu-tro-lak'tis). A proprietary galac- 
tagogue composed of the fluidextracts of Gale'ga 
officina'lis, G. appolin'ea (each, 3 parts), and G. 
tephro'sia (1 part). 
nutrole (nu'trol). A proprietary food preparation 
containing animal and vegetable fats emulsified 
with eggs and preserved with brandy. 
nutrose (nu'tros). Neutral casein sodium; a dry 
food-preparation of milk for the use of invalids. 
Nuttallia (nut-tal'e-ah) [George H. F. Nuttall, biol- 
ogist, Cambridge University, born 1862]. Same as 
Piroplasma equi. 
nuttalliosis (nut-al-e-o'sis). Infection with Nut- 
tallia. 
nux moschata (nuks mos-ka'tah). In homeopathy, 
a tincture made from powdered nutmeg: used in 
nervous and mental disorders, insomnia, flatulence, 
etc., in doses of sixth, thirtieth, and two hundredth 
potencies. 
nux vomica (nuks vom'ik-ah). The poisonous seed 
of Strych'nos nux-vom'ica, a loganiaceous tree 
of the East Indies. It contains several alkaloids, 
the principal ones being strychnin and brucin, 
on which the properties of the drug depend. It 
is a bitter tonic, stimulating the gastric secretion. 
It is a heart stimulant and a stimulant to the 
respiration and the motor centers of the cord. 
In large doses it causes tetanic convulsions. Nux 
vomica is used in dyspepsia and loss of appetite, 
in chronic constipation from atony of the intestine, 
in acute infectious diseases, in shock, in conditions 
attended with dyspnea, in poisoning by opium, 
lead, tobacco, or alcohol, in bronchitis, and in in- 
continence of urine from atony of the bladder. 
Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm-); of abstract, gr. 
(0.016-0.033 gm.); of extract, f-j gr. (0.008-0.033 
gm.); of fluidextract, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); 
of tincture, 5-20 min. (0.333-1.333 c.c.). 
Nv. Abbreviation for naked vision. 
nyctalgia (nik-tarje-ah) [Gr. vv% night + aXyos 
pain]. Pain that occurs in sleep only. 
nyctalope (nik'tal-op). A person affected with 
nyctalopia. 
nyctalopia (nik-tal-o'pe-ah) [Gr. vv% night + aXaos 
blind + eye]. 1. Night-blindness; failure or 
imperfection of vision at night or in a dim light, 
with good vision only on bright days (Heberden, 
1767). 2. Less correctly, day-blindness, or hem- 
eralopia, a condition in which the patient sees 
better in an obscure light than in bright sun- 
light. 
nycterine (nik'ter-in) [Gr. yburepos at night]. 1. 
Occurring at night. 2. Obscure. 
nyctophobia (nik-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. night + 
<pb0os fear]. Morbid dread of darkness. 
nyctophonia (nik-to-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. night 4- 
<puvr) voice]. Loss of voice during the day. 
Nyctotherus (riik-toth'er-us). A genus of infu- 
sorian microparasites. N. africa'nus was found in 
NYCTOTHERUS large numbers in the cecum of a case of sleeping 
sickness. N. fa'ba has been found in the diarrheal 
discharges of the human subject. N. gigan'tus is 
very large. 
nyctotyphlosis (nik"to-tif-lo'sis) [Gr. vv£ night 
+ TvtpXaxTis blindness]. Nyctalopia. 
nycturia (nik-tu're-ah) [Gr. vv^ night 4- ovpov urine]. 
Nocturnal incontinence of urine; frequent urination 
during the night. 
N. Y. D. Abbreviation for not yet diagnosed. 
Nylander's test (ni'lan-derz) [Claes Wilhelm 
Gabriel Nylander, Swedish chemist, born 1835]. 
See under tests. 
nympha (nim'fah), pl. nym'phce [L.; Gr. vvpupr) 
maiden], A labium minus. 
nymphectomy (nim-fek'to-me) [Gr. vvptprj nymph 
4- eKropn excision]. Excision of the nymphae. 
nymphitis (nim-fi'tis). Inflammation of the nym- 
phae. 
nympholepsy (nim'fo-lep-se) [Gr. vvptprj nymph 
4- Xrppis seizure]. 1. Ecstatic frenzy; morbid 
exaltation. 2. Surgical removal of the nymphae. 
nymphomania (nim-fo-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. vvpvr) 
nymph 4* pavla madness]. Insane sexual desire 
in the female. 
nymphomaniac (nim-fo-ma'ne-ak). 1. Affected 
with nymphomania. 2. One who is affected 
with nymphomania. 
nymphoncus (nim-fong'kus) [Gr. vbp<p-q nymph 4- 
oynos tumor]. Swelling of the nymphae. 
nymphotomy (nim-fot'o-me) [nympha 4- Gr. ropr) 
a cutting]. Excision of the nymphae, or clitoris. 
Nyssa (nis'ah) [L.]. See tupelo. 
Nyssorhynchus (nis-o-ring'kus). A genus of anoph- 
eline mosquitos, several species of which act as 
carriers of the malarial parasite. 
NYCTOTYPHLOSIS 
753 
nystagmic (nis-tag'mik). Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by nystagmus. 
nystagmiform (nis-tag'mif-orm). Resembling 
nystagmus. 
nystagmograph (nis-tag'mo-graf) [nystagmus 4- 
Gr. 7pa<peir to write]. An instrument for record- 
ing the movements of the eyeball in nystagmus. 
nystagmoid (nis-tag'moid). Resembling nystag- 
mus. 
nystagmus (nis-tag'mus) [Gr. vvura^eiv to nod]. 
An involuntary rapid movement of the eyeball, 
which may be either lateral, vertical, rotary, or 
mixed, i. e., composed of two varieties, n. 
against the rule, miners' nystagmus, coming 
on when the eyes are moved downward, aural 
n., nystagmus due to disturbances in the laby- 
rinth. caloric n., the nystagmus produced in 
Bar any's sign, which see. Cheyne's n., a pecu- 
liar rhythmic eye movement resembling Cheyne- 
Stokes respiration in its rhythm, jerking n. 
See rhythmic n. lateral n., a rolling of the eyes 
horizontally, or from right to left, miners' n., 
an occupation neurosis of the eyes peculiar to 
miners, oscillating n. See undulatory n. 
palatal n., spasm of the levator palati muscle, 
resilient n. See rhythmic n. rhythmic n., 
nystagmus which consists of a slow movement in 
one direction, followed by a rapid return movement 
in the opposite direction. Called also resilient n. 
and jerking n. rotatory n., the rotation of the 
eyes about the visual axis, undulatory n., 
one which consists of two and fro movements of 
equal velocity. Called also vibrating n. and 
oscillating n. vertical n., an up-and-down move- 
ment of the eyes, vestibular n., nystagmus due 
to aural disturbance, vibratory n. See undula- 
tory n. 
nyxis (nik'sis) [Gr. vv&s pricking]. Puncture, or 
paracentesis. 
OBESITINE 
o 
O. 1. The symbol for oxygen. 2. An abbreviation 
for L. oc'ulus, eye; octa'rius, pint; opening. 
O-. An abbreviation for ortho-. 
O2. 1. Symbol for both eyes. 2. The diatomic gas, 
oxygen. 
Oak (ok). A cupuliferous tree of the genus Quer'- 
cus. The bark of all species contains a large 
proportion of tannin. Decoctions of the bark of 
white oak (Que/cus al'ba) and that of Que/cus 
ro'bur, of Europe, are used as astringents in 
hemorrhoids, leukorrhea, ulcers, relaxation of the 
pharynx and uvula, etc. dyers' O. (Quer'cus 
lusitan'ica) affords nutgall. 
oakum (o'kum). Prepared fiber from old ropes: 
used in surgery as a dressing for wounds and in 
the making of pads to absorb lochial discharges. 
oarialgia (o"a-re-al'je-ah) [Gr. <japi.ov ovary 4- 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the ovary; ovarialgia. 
oaric (o-a'rik) [Gr. <japiov ovary]. Pertaining to 
the ovary; ovarian. 
oario-. For words beginning thus, see those be- 
ginning ovario-. 
oariopathy (o-a-re-op'ath-e) [Gr. ^apcov ovary + 
•jraflos disease]. Ovarian disease. 
oariotomy (o"a-re-ot'o-me) [Gr. ipapiov ovary + 
repvetv to cut]. Same as ovariotomy. 
oaritis (o-a-ri'tis) [Gr. cpaptov ovary 4- -tris inflam- 
mation]. Ovaritis. 
oarium (o-a're-um), pl. oa'ria [L.; Gr. t^apcov little 
egg]. An ovary. 
oasis (o-a'sis), pl. oa'ses. An island or spot of 
healthy tissue in a diseased area. 
oat (6t). See Avena. 
oatmeal (ot'mel). A meal made from oats and 
used in the preparation of a bland, nutritious food, 
ob- [L. ob against]. A prefix signifying against, in 
front of, etc. 
obdormition (ob-dor-mish'un) [L. obdormit'io]. 
Numbness and anesthesia of a part from nerve- 
pressure; the condition of a part of a limb when 
it is said to be " asleep." 
obduction (ob-duk'shun) [L. obduc'tio}. A medico- 
legal autopsy. 
O'Beirne's sphincter, tube (o-bimz') James 
O'Beirne, Irish surgeon, 1786-1862]. See sphincter, 
tube. 
obeliac (o-be'le-ak). Pertaining to the obelion. 
obeliad (o-be'le-ad). Toward the obelion. 
obelion (o-be'le-on) [dim. of Gr. b^eXbs spit]. A 
point on the sagittal suture where it is crossed by a 
line which connects the parietal foramina. 
Obermayer's test (o'ber-mi-erz) [Fritz Obermayer, 
physiologic chemist in Vienna, born 1861]. See 
under tests. 
Obermeier's spirillum (o'ber-mi-erz) [Otto Hugo 
Franz Obermeier, German physician, 1843-1873]. 
The spirillum of relapsing fever. See spirillum. 
Obermuller's test (o'ber-mil-erz) [Kuno Obermiil- 
ler, German physician, born 1861]. See under tests. 
Oberst's method, operation (o'bersts) [M. 
Oberst, German surgeon, born 1849]. See method 
and operation. 
obese (o-bes') [L. obe'sus]. Excessively fat; cor- 
pulent. 
obesitine (o-bes'it-in). A proprietary antifat. obesity (o-bes'it-e) [L. obes'itas]. An excessive 
accumulation of fat in the body; corpulence; fat- 
ness. hyperplasmic o., obesity due to in- 
crease in the body protoplasm, as distinguished 
from that due to accumulation of fat and water, 
bypoplasmic o., obesity due to increase of fat 
and water and marked by decrease of the body 
protoplasm. 
obex (o'beks) [L. "barrier"]. [B N A]. A thickening 
of the ependyma at the point of the calamus 
scriptorius. 
obfuscation (ob-fus-ka'shun) [L. obfusca'tio a 
darkening]. The act of rendering or process of 
becoming obscure; a darkening. 
object-blindness (ob"jekt-blind'nes). See blind- 
ness. 
object-glass (ob'jekt-glas). The lens of a micro- 
scope nearest the object. 
objective (ob-jek'tiv) [L. objecti'vus]. 1. Pertain- 
ing to things that are the objects of the external 
senses. 2. Perceptible to the senses. 3. An ob- 
ject-glass. achromatic o., a combination of 
lenses in a microscope by means of which chromatic 
aberration is corrected, immersion o., an ob- 
jective so arranged that it and the object are both 
covered with a liquid. 
obligate (ob'lig-at) [L. obliga'tus], Necessary; 
compulsory; not facultative. 
oblique (ob-lek', ob-likz) [L. obli'quus}. Slanting; 
inclined; between a horizontal and a perpendicular 
direction. 
obliquimeter (ob-lik-wim'et-er) [oblique + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the obliquity of the pelvic brim. 
obliquity (ob-lik'wit-e). The state of being ob- 
lique, or slanting. Litzmann's o., inclination of 
the fetal head so that the posterior parietal bone 
presents to the parturient canal. Naegele's o. 
See Naegele's pelvis, under pelvis. Roederer's o., 
the position of the fetal head with the occiput pre- 
senting at the brim of the pelvis. 
obliquus (ob-li'kwus) [L.]. See muscles, table of. 
obliteration (ob-lit-er-a'shun) [L. oblitera'tio}. 
Complete removal, whether by disease and de- 
generation or by a surgical operation. 
oblitin (ob'lit-in). A nitrogenous body, the diethyl 
ester of camuitin, obtained from Liebig s extract 
of meat. It causes vomiting, purging, salivation, 
and mydriasis when injected into cats. 
oblongata (ob-long-a'tah). Same as medulla 
oblongata. 
oblongatal (ob-long-a'tal). Pertaining to the 
medulla oblongata. 
obmutescence (ob-mu-tes'ens) [L. obmutes'cere to 
be dumb]. Loss of voice. 
obsession (ob-sesh'un) [L. obses'sio]. An idea which 
morbidly dominates the mind constantly, suggest- 
ing irrational action. 
obsidional (ob-sid-i'o-nal) [L. obsid'ium siege]._ Oc- 
curring in trench warfare; as obsidional infection. 
obsolescence (ob-so-les'ens) [L. obsoles'cere to 
grow old]. The cessation or the beginning of the 
cessation of any physiologic process. 
obsolete (ob'so-let) [L. obsole'tus, from obsole're 
to go out of use]. Indistinct; faded; gone out 
of use. 
obstetric, obstetrical (ob-stet'rik, ob-stet'rik-al) 
[L. obstetric'ius]. Pertaining to midwifery. 
Obstetrician (ob-stet-rish'un) [L. obstet'rix mid- 
wife]. One who practises obstetrics. 
obstetrics (ob-stet'riks) [L. obstetri'cia\. The art 
of managing childbirth cases; that branch of 
surgery which deals with the management of 
pregnancy and labor, 
obstipation (ob-stip-a'shun) [L. obstipa'tio]. In- 
tractable constipation. 
obstruction (ob-struk'shun) [L. obstruc'tio]. 1. 
The act of blocking or clogging. 2. The state 
OBESITY 
754 
or condition of being clogged, aortic o., adhe- 
sion or thickening of the cusps of the aortic valves, 
obstructing the flow of blood from the left ventri- 
cle into the aorta, intestinal o., any hindrance 
to the passage of the intestinal contents. 
obstruent (ob'stru-ent) [L. ob'struens]. i. Causing 
obstruction. 2. An astringent remedy. 
obtund (ob-tund') [L. obtun'dere]. To render 
dull or blunt; to render less acute. 
obtundent (ob-tun'dent) [L. obtun'dens]. 1. Hav- 
ing the power to dull sensibility or to soothe pain. 
2. A soothing or partially anesthetic medicine. 
obtundo (ob-tun'do). A preparation of Chloretone, 
cocain, nitroglycerin, thymol, menthol, and oils 
of eucalyptus, cloves, and wintergreen: used as 
a dental anesthetic; 
obturator (ob'tu-ra-tor) [L.]. A disk or plate, 
natural or artificial, which closes an opening. 
Cripps' o., an instrument for closing a gastric 
fistula, o. muscle. See muscles, table of. See 
also foramen, nerve, plexus, etc. 
obtuse (ob-tus') [L. obtu'sus], 1. Blunt; dull. 2. 
Stupid; having a dull intellect. 
obtusion (ob-tu'zhun) [L. obtu'sio}. Morbid blunt- 
ness or dulness of sensibility. 
O. C. Abbreviation for occlusocervical. 
occalcarine (ok-kal'kar-in). Same as occipito- 
calcarine. 
occipital (ok-sip'it-al) [L. occipita'lis]. Pertain- 
ing to the occiput. 
occipitalis (ok"sip-it-a'lis) [L.]. The posterior 
part of the occipitofrontalis muscle. 
occipitalization (ok-sip-it-al-iz-a'shun). Syn- 
ostosis of the atlas with the occipital bone. 
occipito-anterior (ok-sip"it-o-an-te're-or). Hav- 
ing the occiput directed ventrad (used of the 
fetus at the time of labor). 
occipito-atloid (ok-sip"it-o-at'loid). Pertaining 
to the occipital bone and the atlas. 
occipito-axoid (ok-sip"it-o-aks'oid). Pertaining 
to the occipital bone and the axis. 
occipitobasilar (ok-sip"it-o-ba'sil-ar). Pertaining 
to the occiput and the base of the skull. 
occipitobregmatic (ok-sip"it-o-breg-mat'ik). Per- 
taining to the occiput and the bregma. 
occipitocalcarine (ok-sip"it-o-kal'kar-in). Both 
occipital and calcarine. See fissure. 
occipitocervical (ok-sip"it-o-ser'vik-al). Pertain- 
ing to the occiput and neck. 
occipitofacial (ok-sip"it-o-fa'shal). Pertaining to 
the occiput and the face. 
occipitofrontal (ok-sip"it-o-fron'tal). Pertaining 
to the occiput and the forehead. 
occipitofrontalis (ok-sip"it-o-fron-ta'lis) [L.]. See 
muscles, table of. 
occipito-iliac position (ok-sip"it-o-il'e-ak). See 
under position. 
occipitomastoid (ok-sip"it-o-mas'toid). Pertain- 
ing to the occipital bone and the mastoid process. 
occipitomental (ok-sip"it-o-men'tal). Pertaining 
to the occiput and the chin. 
occipitoparietal (ok-sip"it-o-par-i'et-al). Pertain- 
ing to the occipital bones or lobes. 
occipitoposterior (ok-sip"it-o-pos-te're-or). Hav- 
ing the occiput directed dorsad (used of the fetus in 
labor). 
occipitotemporal (ok-sip"it-o-tem'po-ral). Per- 
taining to the occipital and the temporal bones. 
occipitothalamic (ok-sip"it-o-thal-am'ik). Per- 
taining to the occipital lobe and thalamus. 
occiput (ok'sip-ut) [L.]. The back part of the head, 
occlude (ok-lud'). To fit close together; to close 
tight. 
occlusal (ok-lu'sal). Pertaining to closure: applied 
to the grinding surfaces of molar and bicuspid 
teeth. 
OCCLUSAL occlusion (ok-lu'zhun) [L. occlu'sio]. 1. The act 
of closure or state of being closed. 2. A state of 
molecular adhesion between a precipitate and a 
soluble substance or between a gas and a metal. 
3. The adjutsment between the molar and premolar 
teeth of the upper and lower jaws when the jaws 
are closed, abnormal o., occlusion when any 
of the teeth are not in a position to meet normally, 
afunction o., dental malocclusion which pre- 
vents mastication, anatomic o., occlusion in 
which all the teeth are present and occlude nor- 
mally according to the anatomic standard, buc- 
cal o., Angle's term for the position of a buccal 
tooth when it is outside the line of occlusion, 
capsular o., operative closure of the perinephric 
capsule for the relief of floating kidney, central 
o., centric o., occlusion of the teeth when the 
jaw is at rest in the normal position, distal o., 
Angle's term for the position of a tooth when it is 
posterior to the line of occlusion, eccentric o., 
the occlusion of the teeth when the lower jaw has 
moved from the position of rest, hyperfunc- 
tional o., traumatic occlusion, labial o., 
Angle's term for the position of a labial tooth when 
it is anterior to the line of occlusion, lateral o., 
the occlusion of the teeth when the lower jaw is 
moved to the right or left of central occlusion, 
line of o. See under line, lingual o., Angle's 
term for the position of a tooth when it is inside or 
behind the line of occlusion, mesial o., the posi- 
tion of a tooth when it is too mesial to be normal, 
normal o., the meeting of the teeth when they 
are in the normal position and relationship, pro- 
trusive O., occlusion of the teeth when the 
mandible is anterior to central occlusion. O. of 
pupil, closure of the pupil by an opaque mem- 
brane. retrusive o., occlusion of the teeth when 
the mandible is posterior to central occlusion, 
supra o., occlusion in which one of the teeth is 
longer than normal, traumatic o., the occlusal 
condition that exists when normal occlusion is 
absent, resulting in abnormal and injurious distri- 
bution of stress. 
occlusive (ok-lu'siv). Effecting a complete oc- 
clusion. 
occlusocervical (ok-lu"so-ser'vik-al). Pertaining 
to the occlusal surface and the neck of a tooth. 
occlusometer (ok-lu-som'et-er). Same as gnatho- 
dynamometer. 
occult (ok-ult') [L. occul'tus]. Obscure; difficult 
to be understood. 
occupation-neurosis (ok-u-pa'shun-nu-ro'sis). 
See neurosis. 
ocellus (o-sel'us) [L. dim. of oc'ulus eye]. 1. One 
of the many simple eyes composing the compound 
eye of the lower animals. 2. A roundish, eye-like 
patch of color. 
Ochlerotatus (ok-ler-o-ta'tus). A genus of mos- 
quitos. 
ochlesis (ok-le'sis) [Gr. crowding]. Any 
disease due to overcrowding. 
ochlophobia (ok-lo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. ox^os crowd 4- 
<po0os fear]. Insane fear of crowds. 
ochrodermatosis (o"kro-der-mat-o'sis). A condi- 
tion marked by yellowness of the skin, sometimes 
occurring in Europeans who live in tropical India. 
ochrodermia (o-kro-der'me-ah) [Gr. &xp6s yellow 
4- beppa skin]. Yellowness of the skin; anemia 
with pallor. 
ochrometer (o-krom'et-er) [Gr. wxpos pallor 4- 
peTpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the capillary blood-pressure by registering the 
force necessary to compress a finger by a rubber 
balloon until blanching of the skin occurs. 
Ochromy'ia anthropoph'aga. A fly of Senegal 
whose larva, the cayor-worm, attacks man. 
ochronosis (o-kro-no'sis) [Gr. &xp°s yellow]. A 
condition marked by gray, bfown> and black pig- 
mentation of the ligaments, cartilages, epidermis, 
and fibrous tissues (Virchow, 1866). It is further 
OCCLUSION 
755 
marked by dark color of the urine. The condition 
is probably dependent on disordered metabolism 
of phenol or some of its derivatives. 
ochronosus (o-kro-no'sus) [Gr. uxpos yellow 4- 
roaos disease]. Ochronosis. 
ochronotic (o-kron-ot'ik). Pertaining to or caused 
by ochronosis. 
Ochsner's ring, solution, treatment (oks'- 
nerz) [Albert John Ochsner, surgeon in Chicago, 
born 1858]. See ring, solution, and treatment. 
Ocimum ca'num (os'im-um). A labiate herb of 
tropical America; also its homeopathic preparation. 
octad (ok'tad). Any octavalent chemic element. 
octan (ok'tan) [L. oc'to eight]. Recurring every 
eighth day, or at intervals of seven days. 
octane (ok'tan). An oily hydrocarbon, C8H18, oc- 
curring in petroleum. 
octarius (ok-ta're-us) [L.; from oc'to eight]. A pint; 
the eighth part of a gallon. 
octavalent (ok-tav'al-ent) [L. oc'to eight + va'lens 
able]. Having a valency of eight. 
octigravida (ok-tig-rav'id-ah) [L. oc'to eight 4- 
grav'ida pregnant]. A woman pregnant for the 
eighth time. 
octipara (ok-tip'ah-rah) [L. oc'to eight + par'ere to 
produce]. A woman who has borne eight children. 
Octom'itus hom'inis. A flagellate protozoan 
found in the human intestine. 
octoroon (ok-to-roon'). The offspring of a white 
person and a quadroon. 
octose (ok'tbs) [L. oc'to eight]. Any sugar con- 
taining eight atoms of carbon in the molecule. 
ocular (ok'u-lar) [L. ocula'ris; oc'ulus eye]. 1. Per- 
taining to the eye. 2. The eye-piece of a micro- 
scope; the lens of a microscope nearest the eye. 
compensating o., an eye-piece that compen- 
sates the axial aberration of the objective, huy- 
genian o., an eye-piece consisting of two plano- 
convex lenses, the convexities being toward the 
object. Ramsden's o., a microscopic eye-piece 
made of two planoconvex lenses with the convexi- 
ties turned toward each other, working o., an 
ordinary ocular for microscopic observation: dis- 
tinguished from finding ocular. 
oculin (ok'u-lin) [L. oc'ulus eye]. A preparation of 
the hyaloid membrane and ciliary body of the 
eyes of oxen: said to be useful in eye affections, 
especially decortication of the retina. 
oculist (ok'u-list). One who is expert in diseases 
of the eye. 
oculocephalogyric reflex (ok"u-lo-sef"al-o-ji'rik). 
See under reflex. 
oculofacial (ok"u-lo-fa'she-al). Pertaining to the 
eyes and the face. 
oculogyration (ok"u-lo-ji-ra'shun). The move- 
ment of the eye. 
oculogyric (ok"u-lo-ji'rik) [L. oc'ulus eye 4- gy'rus 
a turn]. Causing movements of the eye. 
oculometroscope (ok"u-lo-met'ro-skop). An in- 
strument for performing retinoscopy in which the 
trial-lenses are rotated before the eyes without 
effort on the part of the examiner. 
oculomotor (ok"u-lo-mo'tor) [L. oc'ulus eye 4- 
mo'tor mover]. Pertaining to the movements of 
the eye. 
oculomotorius (ok"u-lo-mo-to're-us) [L.]. The 
oculomotor nerve (q. v. under nerve). 
oculomycosis (ok"u-lo-mi-ko'sis) [L. oc'ulus eye 4- 
mycosis]. Any eye disease caused by a fungus. 
oculonasal (ok"u-lo-na'zal). Pertaining to the 
eye and the nose. 
oculopupillary (ok"u-lo-pu'pil-a-re). Pertaining 
to the pupil of the eye. 
oculoreaction (ok"u-lo-re-ak'shun). The ophthal- 
mic reaction. See under reaction. 
oculospinal (ok"u-lo-spi'nal). Pertaining to the 
eye and the spinal cord. 
OCULOSPINAL oculozygomatic (ok"u-lo-zl-go-mat'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the eye and the zygoma. 
oculus (ok'u-lus), pl. oc'uti. Latin for eye. 
oculustro (ok-u-lus'tro). Soap made of oleate of 
potassium, glycerin, and turpentine. 
ocyodinic (o"si-o-din'ik) [Gr. wkus swift 4- uBls 
labor]. Same as oxytocic. 
O. D. Abbreviation for L. oc'ulus dex'ter, right 
eye. 
od (od) [Gr. oBos way]. The influence exerted upon 
the nervous system by magnetic agents. 
O. D. A. Right occipito-anterior position of the 
fetus. 
odaxesmus (o-daks-ez'mus) [Gr. oBa^crpos a bit- 
ing]. i. The biting of the tongue or cheek in an 
epileptic fit. 2. Same as odontoconesis. 
odaxetic (o-daks-et'ik). Causing a biting or 
itching sensation. 
odinopean (o-din-o'pe-an) [Gr. obis pain 4- iroceiv 
to make]. Causing pain. 
odol (o'dol). A proprietary mouth-wash containing 
salol, saccharin, alcohol, and volatile oils. 
odon-eki ["icteric pestilence"]. The Japanese 
name for a disease resembling Weil's disease. 
odontagra (o-don-ta'grah, o-don'tag-rah) [Gr. 
bbovs tooth 4- ay pa seizure]. Toothache asso- 
ciated with gout. 
odontalgia (o-don-tal'je-ah) [Gr. bbovs tooth 4- 
aXyospain]. Toothache; pain in a tooth, phan- 
tom o., pain in the place from which a tooth has 
been extracted. 
odontalgic (o-don-tal'jik). Pertaining to or 
marked by toothache. 
odontatrophia (o-don-tat-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth 4- arpoipla atrophy]. Atrophy or imperfect 
development of the teeth. 
odonterism (o-don'ter-izm) [Gr. bbovs tooth 4- 
epurpbs quarrel]. Chattering of the teeth. 
odontexesis (o-don-teks'e-sis) [Gr. bbovs tooth 4- 
l^eats scraping]. The cleaning, scraping, and 
polishing of the teeth. 
odonthemodia (o-don-them-o'de-ah) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth 4- aiuLcoSia state of having the teeth on edge]. 
Great sensitiveness of the teeth. 
odontiasis (o-don-ti'as-is) [Gr. bBovs tooth 4- -ins 
inflammation]. Dentition; also any disorder 
caused by dentition. 
odontic (o-don'tik) [Gr. bBovs tooth]. Pertaining to 
the teeth. 
odontinoid (o-don'tin-oid) [Gr. oBovs tooth 4- eibos 
form]. A tumor composed of tooth-substance. 
odontitis (o-don-ti'tis). Inflammation of a tooth, 
odonto- [Gr. bBovs tooth], A prefix implying some 
relation to a tooth. 
odontoblast (o-don'to-blast) [Gr. oBovs tooth 4- 
PXaarbs germ]. One of the connective-tissue cells 
forming a layer upon the inner wall of the dentin 
of a tooth, and sending processes into the canal- 
iculi of the dentin. From them the dentin is de- 
veloped. 
odontoblastoma (o-don"to-blas-to'mah). A tu- 
mor made up of odontoblasts; a congenital epulis. 
odontobothrion (o-don"to-both're-on). A tooth 
socket. 
odontobothritis (o-don"to-both-ri'tis) [Gr. obovs 
tooth 4- PoOplov pit 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the alveoli of the teeth. 
odontoceramic (o-don"to-se-ram'ik) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth 4- Kepapos pottery]. Pertaining to porce- 
lain teeth. 
odontochirurgic (o-don"to-ki-rer'jik). Pertain- 
ing to dental operations. 
odontoclamis (o-don-to-kla'mis) [Gr. bbovs tooth 
4- KaXvppa hood]. The condition in which the 
alveolus forms a hood of gingival tissue over an 
erupted tooth. Called also tooth-hood. 
OCULOZYGOMATIC 
756 
odontoclasis (o-don-tok/las-is) [Gr. bBovs tooth 4- 
KXaais fracture]. Fracture or breaking of a 
tooth. 
odontoclast (o-don'to-klast) [Gr. bBovs tooth + 
kXclv break]. One of the cells that help to ab- 
sorb the roots of a milk-tooth. They occur be- 
tween the milk-tooth and the coming permanent 
tooth. 
odontocnesis (o-don-tok-ne'sis) [Gr. bBovs tooth 
4- Kufjcns itching]. Itching of the gums. 
odontodol (o-don'to-dol) [Gr. bBovs tooth]. A 
proprietary dental anodyne. 
odontodynia (o-don-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. bBovs tooth 
+ b8vvr) pain]. Toothache; odontalgia. 
odontogen (o-don'to-jen) [Gr. bBovs tooth + yevvciv 
to produce]. The substance which develops into 
the dentin of the teeth. 
odontogeny (o-don-toj'en-e) [Gr. bBovs tooth 4- 
yevvav to produce]. The development of the 
teeth. 
odontoglyph (o-don'to-glif) [Gr. bBovs tooth + 
7Xr</?eir to carve]. An instrument used for scrap- 
ing the teeth. 
odontogram (o-don'to-gram) [Gr. o6ovs tooth 4* 
ypappa mark]. The tracing made by an odonto- 
graph. 
odontograph (o-don'to-graf) [Gr. bBovs tooth + 
ypa.<puv to write]. An instrument for recording the 
uneveness of surface of tooth enamel. 
odontography (o-don-tog'ra-fe) [Gr. 63ous tooth 
+ ypaipei^ to write], i. A description of the teeth. 
2. The use of the odontograph. 
odontohyperesthesia (o-don"to-hi-per-es-the'ze- 
ah) [Gr. bBovs tooth 4- hyperesthesia], Sensitive- 
ness of a tooth. 
odontoid (o-don'toid) [Gr. bbobs tooth + elbos 
form]. Like a tooth. 
odontolith (o-don'to-lith) [Gr. bBovs tooth + XIOos 
stone]. The tartar on the teeth; dental calculus. 
odontology (o-don-tol'o-je) [Gr. bBovs tooth 4- 
Xoyos discourse]. The sum of knowledge regarding 
the teeth. 
odontoloxia, odontoloxy (o-don-to-loks'e-ah, 
o-don-tol'oks-e) [Gr. bbovs tooth 4* Xo^bs slanting]. 
Irregularity of the teeth. 
odontoma (o-don-to'mah) [Gr. bbovs tooth 4- -upa 
tumor]. An exostosis on a tooth; a tumor of 
tooth-like structure arising from the teeth, com- 
posite O., an odontoma composed of the various 
tooth structures, coronary o., one attacking the 
crown of a tooth, epithelial o., an odontoma 
on the horizontal part of the mandible, fibrous 
o., an odontoma contained in a fibrous sac. 
mixed o., an odontoma composed of more than 
one of the tooth structures, radicular o., one 
attacking the root of a tooth. 
odontome (o-don'tom). Same as odontoma. 
odontonecrosis (o-don"to-ne-kro'sis) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth 4- necrosis], Necrosis, or massive decay of a 
tooth. 
odontoneuralgia (o-don"to-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. 
obovs tooth 4- neuralgia]. Neuralgia from disease 
of the teeth, or neuralgic pain in the teeth. 
odontonomy (o-don-ton'o-me) [Gr. 63ovs tooth 4- 
bvopa name]. Dental nomenclature. 
odontonosology (o-don"to-no-sol'o-je) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth 4- nosology], The branch of medicine that 
treats of diseases of the teeth. 
odontoparallaxis (o-don"to-par-al-ak'sis) [Gr. 
bbovs tooth 4- TrapaXXaJis alteration]. Irregu- 
larity of the teeth. 
odontopathy (o-don-top'ath-e) [Gr. 63ous tooth 4- 
■naOos illness]. Any disease of the teeth. 
odontoperiosteum (o-don"to-per-e-os'te-um) [Gr. 
bbovs tooth 4- periosteum]. Same as periodontium. 
odontophobia (o-don-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. bbovs tooth 
4* ^pbfios fear]. A nervous condition in which the 
sight of an animal's tooth produces fear. 
ODONTOPHOBIA ODONTOPLAST 
757 
OIDIOMYCOSIS 
Odontoplast (o-don'to-plast). Same as odonto- 
blast. 
odontoplerosis (o-don"to-ple-ro'sis) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth + TrXijpwais filling]. The operation of filling 
a tooth-cavity. 
odontoprisis (o-don-to-pri'sis) [Gr. bbovs tooth + 
■wplais sawing]. The grinding of the teeth. 
odontoradiograph (o-don"to-ra'de-o-graf). A 
radiograph of a tooth or of the teeth. 
odontorrhagia (o-don-to-ra'je-ah) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth + prjyvvvai to burst forth]. Hemorrhage 
following extraction of a tooth. 
odontorthosis (o-don-tor-tho'sis) [Gr. bbovs tooth 
+ bpObs straight]. The correction of dental irreg- 
ularities. 
odontoschism (o-don'to-skizm) [Gr. bbovs tooth 
+ ax«rjua cleft]. Fissure of a tooth. 
odontoscope (o-don'to-skop) [Gr. bbobs tooth + 
aKOTreiv to see]. A dental mirror for examining the 
teeth. 
odontosis (o-don-to'sis) [Gr. bbovs tooth]. Denti- 
tion; also odontogeny. 
odontosteophyte (o-don-tos'te-o-fit) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth + bareov bone + <pvrbv plant]. A bony 
tumor on a tooth. 
odontotechny (o-don'to-tek-ne) [Gr. bbovs tooth 
4- art]. Dentistry. 
odontotherapy (o-don-to-ther'ap-e) [Gr. bbovs 
tooth + depairela cure]. The treatment of dis- 
eased teeth. 
odontotrimma (o-don-to-trim'ah) [Gr. bbovro- 
rplppa]. A tooth-powder. 
odontotripsis (o-don-to-trip'sis) [Gr. bbovs tooth 
+ rplpis wearing]. Wearing away of the teeth. 
odontotrypy (o-don-tot'rip-e) [Gr. bbovs tooth -|- 
rpvirav to bore]. The boring or drilling of a 
tooth. 
odor (o'dor). A volatile emanation that is per- 
ceived by the sense of smell, butcher-shop o., 
a smell like that of a butcher shop given off by 
yellow-fever patients. 
odoriferous (o-dor-if'er-us) [L. o'dor smell + fer're 
to bear]. Fragrant; emitting an odor. 
odorimeter (o-do-rim'et-er). An instrument for 
performing odorimetry. 
odorimetry (o-do-rim'et-re). The measurement of 
olfactory stimuli. 
odorography (o-dor-og'raf-e) [L. o'dor odor + Gr. 
ypa<peiv to write]. A description of odors. 
O. D. P. Right occipitoposterior position of the 
fetus. 
O'Dwyer's tubes (o-dwi'erz) [Joseph O'Dwyer, 
American surgeon, 1841-1898]. See tube. 
odylis (od'il-is). Terpin resorcinate, a yellow, oily 
liquid: used as an antiseptic and cicatrizant. 
odynacusis (o"din-ak-u'sis) [Gr. bbvvii pain + 
&Kva is hearing]. Painful hearing. 
odynolysis (o-din-ol'is-is) [Gr. bbvv-q pain + Mais 
solution]. Relief of pain. 
odynometer (o-din-om'et-er) [Gr. obwij pain + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
pain. 
odynophagia (od"in-o-fa'je-ah) [Gr. bbvvq pain + 
ipayeiv to eat]. The painful swallowing of food. 
odynophobia (od"in-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. bbvvrj pain + 
<pb@os fear], A morbid dread of pain. 
odynopoeia (o"din-o-pe'ah) [Gr. obvvr) pain + iroieiv 
to make]. The induction of labor-pains. 
odynphagia (o-din-fa'je-ah) [Gr. bbvwr) pain + 
tpayeiv to eat]. Pain on deglutition. 
cecoid, oedema, and other words in See ecoid, 
edema, etc. 
oecology (e-kol'o-je). See ecology. 
oecomania (e-ko-ma'ne-ah). Ecomania. 
oedipism (e'dip-izm) [Gr. oibisrovs cedipus]. Self- 
inflicted injury to the eyes. 
CEdipus' complex (e'dip-us),[CEd^>us Tyrannus, a 
character in Greek tragedy who married his mother 
after killing his father]. See complex. 
Oehl's layer (elz) [Eusebio Oehl, Italian anatomist, 
1827-1903]. The stratum lucidum. 
Oehler's symptom (e'lerz) [Johannes Oehler, Ger- 
man physician, born 1879]. See symptom. 
oenanthol (e-nan'thol). Heptoic aldehyd. 
oenanthotoxin (e"nan-tho-toks'in). A poisonous 
resin, C17H22O5, from CEnan'the croca'ta, a poisonous 
plant of Europe. 
(Erbiss (er'bis). See larbish. 
Oertel's treatment (er'telz) [Max J. Oertel, physi- 
cian in Munich, 1835-1897]. See under treatment. 
oese (e'ze) [Ger. " loop "]. A platinum wire and 
loop with a glass handle; used in bacteriologic 
culture-experiments. 
(Esophagostoma (e-sof-ag-os'to-mah). A genus 
of nematode worms of the family Strongylidae, 
parasitic in the intestines of various animals. 
(E. apios'tomum, a parasite which forms tu- 
mors in the large intestine of monkeys and occa- 
sionally of man in Africa and the Philippines. 
(E. brump'ti, a parasite commonly present in 
monkeys in Africa and occasionally found in man. 
(E. columbia'num infests sheep in the southern 
United States. (E. denta'tum is found in the 
pig. (E. infla'tum, one found in cattle. See 
nodule disease, under disease. (E. stephanos'- 
tomum, a species normally parasitic in gorillas 
and which has been found in man in Brazil. 
oesophagostomiasis (e-sof"ag-o-sto-mi'as-is). The 
state of being infested with (Esophagostoma. 
(Esophagostomum (e-sof-ag-os'to-mum). Same 
as (Esophagostoma. 
oesophagus, and other words in oesoph-. See 
esophagus and esoph-. 
cestriasis (es-tri'as-is). Infection with larvae of 
flies of the genus (Estrus. 
(Estrus hom'inis (es'trus). A bot-fly whose larvae 
sometimes infest the human body. (E. o'vis, a 
species of bot-fly whose larvae infest the head of 
sheep. 
oesypus (es'ip-us) [Gr. o'laviros suint]. A proprie- 
tary name for suint, or unrefined wool-fat. 
Of. Abbreviation for official. 
official (of-fish'al) [L. officia'lis; offic'ium duty]. 
Authorized by the pharmacopeias and recognized 
formularies. 
officinal (of-fis'in-al) [L. officina'lis; offici'na shop]. 
Regularly kept for sale in the shops of druggists. 
ogo (o'go). See gangosa. 
Ogston's line, operation (og'stonz) [Alexander 
Ogston, Scottish surgeon, bom 1844]. See under 
line and operation. 
OH. A symbol for the hydroxyl ion in solution; a 
hydroxid. 
ohm (6m) [named for George S. Ohm, 1787-1854, 
a German physicist]. The electric resistance of 
a column of mercury one square millimeter in 
diameter and one hundred and six centimeters 
long; the unit of electric resistance. 
ohmammeter (om'am-e-ter). An ohmmeter and 
ammeter combined. 
ohmmeter (om'me-ter). An instrument for meas- 
uring electric resistance in ohms. 
oicomania (oi-ko-ma'ne-ah). Ecomania. 
Oidiomycetes (o-id"e-o-mi-se'tes). A group of 
fungi characterized by having mycelial threads in 
their cultures. The group includes oidium and 
similar genera. 
oidiomycetic (o-id"e-o-mi-set'ik). Pertaining to 
or caused by oidiomycetes. 
oidiomycosis (o-id"e-o-mi-ko'sis) [oidium + Gr. 
pvicqs fungus]. A diseased condition due to the 
presence of an oidium. oYdiomycotic 
OIL 
oidiomycotic (o-id"e-o-mi-kot'ik). Pertaining to 
oidiomycosis. 
Oidium (o-id'e-um) [dim. of wbv egg]. A genus of 
fungi intermediate between the molds and the 
yeasts, and showing forms that resemble both. 
O. al'bicans. See Endomyces albicans. O. 
coccidioi'des, a fungus which forms spheric 
bodies resembling tubercles in the tissues. Cf. 
Coccidioides. O. dermatitidis. Same as 
Blastomyces dermatitidis. O. hektoe'nii, an 
organism causing a blastomycetic infection in man. 
O. lac'tis, a non-pathogenic species which forms 
a white mold-like growth in bread, sour milk, etc. 
It is an important factor in the ripening of Camem- 
bert cheese, probably giving it the flavor. O. 
porrig'inis. Same as Achorionschoenleinii. O. 
pulmo'nium, a Brazilian fungus causing pul- 
monary mycosis (Magalhaes, 1914). O. tropica'- 
le, a species producing broncho-oidiosis. 
oikoid (oi'koid). Same as ecoid. 
oikology (oi-kol'o-je) [Gr. oikos house + X6yos 
treatise]. The science of houses and homes, con- 
sidered especially in respect of their sanitary con- 
ditions. 
oikomania (oi-ko-ma'ne-ah). Same as ecomania. 
oikophobia (oi-ko-fo'be-ah) [Gr. oikos house + 
<p6/3os fear]. Morbid aversion to home sur- 
roundings (A. Verga, 1882). 
oikosite (oi'ko-sit). A fixed or stationary com- 
mensal organism. 
oil (oil) [L. o'leum]. An inflammable liquid not 
miscible with water. O. of allspice, the fragrant 
volatile oil of pimenta (see Pimento.); aromatic and 
stimulant. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.06-0.33 c.c.). o. of 
almonds. 1. The fixed oil of sweet almonds. 2. 
The volatile oil of bitter almonds (L. o'leum amyg'- 
dalce ama'rce)-. used like hydrocyanic acid. Dose, 
| min. (0.016 c.c.). o. of amber, an irritant 
stimulant and antispasmodic oil distilled from am- 
ber. Dose, 5-10min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). animal o. 
1. Any oil of animal origin. 2. See oleum animate. 
O. of anise, a volatile oil from anise and star- 
anise: carminative. Dose, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 
c.c.). anthos o., oil of rosemary, o. of bay, 
a volatile oil from MyPcia a'cris: used in making 
bay-rum; also that of Lau'rus nob'Uis. beetle o., 
an African oil derived from a species of beetle. O. 
of ben, a fixed oil from Morin'ga pterygospePma. 
o. of benne (ben'ne) (L. o'leum ses'ami), a fixed 
oil from sesamum seed. o. of bergamot (L. 
o'leum berga'mia), a fragrant volatile oil from Cit'- 
rus med'ica. O. of birch. 1. The tarry fixed oil of 
white birch. 2. L. o'leum bet'ulce volatile, the vola- 
tile oil of sweet or black birch-bark (Bet'ula len'ta): 
used for rheumatism, etc.; identical with oil of gaul- 
theria. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.065-0.33 c.c.). boiled 
■O., linseed oil that has been exposed to a heat of 
1300 C. or more. British o., a mixture of petro- 
leum and of various oils. o. of cade (L. o'leum 
cadi'num), a tarry fixed oil from J uni p'erus commu'- 
nis: used in skin diseases, o. of cajuput, a vola- 
tile oil (o'leum cajupu'ti) from Melaleu'ca leucaden'- 
dron: anodyne, antiseptic, carminative, and anthel- 
mintic. Dose, 2-10 min. (0.133-0.66 c.c.). O. of 
camphor, a solution of camphor in a hydrocar- 
bon. camphorated o., a liniment of olive oil 
and camphor; linimentum camphorae. candle- 
nut O., a cathartic oil afforded by Aleuri'tes tril'- 
oba, a tree of the Pacific islands. Dose, j-i fl.oz. 
15-30 c.c.). o. of caraway (L. o'leum caPi), 
the volatile oil of caraway: carminative. Dose, 
1-10 min. (0.066-0.666 c.c.). carbolic o., an oil 
from coal-tar, easily convertible into carbolic acid. 
Carron o., linseed oil mixed with lime-water, for 
burns; linimentum calcis. castor O. (L. o'leum 
ric'ini), a thick, purgative, fixed oil from the seeds 
of Ric'inus commu'nis. It stimulates intestinal 
peristalsis, causing purgation in four or five hours, 
and is used to expel irritant matter from the in- 
testine in diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. 
Dose, 4-8 fl.dr. (16-32 c.c.). o. of cinnamon 
758 
(L. o'leum cinnamo'mi), a fragrant volatile oil 
from cinnamon (q. v.): stimulant and carminative. 
Dose, 1-5 min. (0.6-0.3 c.c.). o. of citronella, 
a volatile oil of various grasses, Andropo'gon naP- 
dus, etc. O. of cloves (L. o'leum caryophyl'li), an 
aromatic and stimulant volatile oil from cloves 
(q. v.). Dose, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.). cocoa- 
nut o., the fixed oil of the cocoanut. cod-liver 
O. (L. o'leum mor'rhuce), a fixed oil from the livers 
of the cod-fish (Ga'dus mor'rhua). It contains 
gaduin, olein, and other glycerids, with small and 
variable quantities of phosphorus, bromin, iodin, 
sulphur, morrhuic acid, and various ptomains. 
It acts by increasing the red corpuscles of the 
blood, and thus improving the weight of the body. 
It is used in pulmonary and other varieties of 
tuberculosis, catarrh, conjunctivitis, anemia, syph- 
ilis, and rheumatism. Dose, 2-4 fl.dr. (8-16 c.c.). 
colza o., the fixed oil of the seeds of colza (Bras'- 
sica campes'Iris). o. of copaiba (L. o'leum 
copa'ibce), a volatile oil derived from copaiba, and 
used for the same purposes as that drug. Dose, 
5-15 min. (0.3-1 c.c.). o. of coriander (L. 
o'leum corian'dri), the fragrant volatile oil of cori- 
ander seed: aromatic and carminative. Dose, 2-5 
min. (0.12-0.3 c.c.). cotton-seed o. (L. o'leum 
gossyp'ii sem'inis), the fixed oil of the seeds of the 
cotton-plant, croton O. (L. o'leum tig'lii, o'leum 
croto'nis), the thick, fixed oil of the seeds of Cro'ton 
tig'lium: a strong irritant and hydragogue cathartic. 
It is used as a cathartic in constipation from in- 
testinal atony, lead colic, and nervous disorder; 
in the form of a liniment as a counterirritant in 
rheumatism, neuralgia, bronchitis, and meningitis; 
and as a revulsant in coma from apoplexy and 
uremia. Dose, 1 min. (0.06 c.c.). o. of cubebs 
(L. o'leum cu'bebce), the volatile oil of cubebs: 
diuretic. Dose, 10-15 min. (0.6-1 c.c.). dead O., 
a black liquid obtained in the rectification and dis- 
tillation of coal-tar: disinfectant. Dippel's 
animal O., an oil procured by destructive dis- 
tillation of bone, horn, or other animal substances, 
empyreumatic o's, volatile oils formed by the 
destructive distillation of organic matters, es- 
sential o. Same as volatile 0. ethereal o., 
o'leum athe'reum, U. S. P., a compound of strong 
ether with heavy oil of wine, eucalyptus o. 
(L. o'leum eucalyp'ti), a volatile oil from the leaves of 
Eucalyp' tus glob'ulus: deodorant and disinfectant. 
Dose, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.). eulachon o., 
the fixed oil of the candle-fish, Thaleich'thys pacif- 
icus: used like cod-liver oil. expressed o's, 
fixed oils obtained by expression, fatty O. Same 
as fixed 0. ferment o's, volatile oils formed by 
fermentation, fixed O., any solid or semisolid 
oil or fat; any oil that is not volatilizable. Called 
also fatty o. o. of fleabane (L. o'leum erigeron'- 
tis), a thick, volatile oil from Erig'eron canaden'se: 
hemostatic, and useful in various catarrhal affec- 
tions. Dose, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). fusel o., 
amyl alcohol, gray o., olive oil and lanolin 
containing mercury: used hypodermically in 
syphilis, o. of gurjun. See gurjun. Haarlem 
O., a proprietary diuretic and stimulant oil. 
heavy o., the oily product of the action of sul- 
phuric acid on alcohol, o. of hemlock, a 
volatile oil distilled from the leaves of the hem- 
lock tree, A'bies (or Tsu'ga) canaden'sis. her- 
ring o., the fixed oil of herrings. Hungarian 
O., enanthic (cenanthic) ether: used to give 
to blended spirits the flavor of French brandy. 
O. of jasmin, an essential oil from Jasmi'num 
odoratissi'mum. joint o., the synovial fluid, 
juniper o. (L. o'leum junip'eri), the volatile oil 
of juniper berries: stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 
5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.). lard o. (L. o'leum 
ad'ipis), oil from hogs' lard. o. of lavender 
(L. o'leum lavan'dulce flo'rum), the volatile oil of 
lavender flowers: stimulant, antispasmodic. Dose, 
1-5 min. (0.06-0.3 c.c.). o. of lemon (L. o'leum 
limo'nis), the volatile oil of the rind of lemons: 
aromatic and stimulant, linseed o. (L. o'leum 
li'ni), the fixed drying oil of flaxseed: laxative. OIL 
759 
OINTMENT 
Dose, 1-2 fl.oz. (30-60 c.c.). o. of lumes, a 
volatile oil from the fruit of Cit'rus lu'mia, the lume, 
or sweet lime, of Italy, o. of male fern, a fixed 
oil from the root of the male fern: anthelmintic 
when freshly prepared, margosa o., an oil from 
the Indian lilac tree: said to be useful in rheuma- 
tism, leprosy, mange, etc. o. of marjoram, the 
volatile oil of Orig'anum majora'na and O. vul'gare: 
stimulant, carminative, anodyne, and vulnerary; 
used also in microscopy, menhaden o., a 
fixed oil from menhaden fish, mineral o., 
an oil derived from minerals. The mineral oils 
include petroleum and its products, o. of mir- 
bane. Same as nitrobenzene, o. of mustard 
(L. o'leum sin'apis volatile), a volatile oil from the 
seed of black mustard: stimulant. Dose, |-f min. 
(0.0075-0.015 c.c.). mutton bird o., the oil 
extracted from the sooty petrel: used as a substi- 
tute for cod-liver oil. neat's-foot o. (L. o'leum 
bu'bulum), a fixed oil from the feet of neat-cattle. 
Neisser's o., a preparation of 20 parts of mercury, 
5 parts of ethereal tincture of benzoin, and 40 parts 
of liquid vaselin: used in syphilis by injection, 
o. of neroli (L. o'leum auran'tii flo'rum), the vola- 
tile oil of orange-flowers, nutmeg o. (L. o'leum 
myris'ticce), the volatile oil of nutmegs: an aro- 
matic stimulant. Dose, 1-3 min. (0.06-0.18 c.c.). 
oleo O., the commercial name of an oil prepared 
from beef-fat. olive o. (L. o'leum oli'va), a 
fixed oil from the fruit of the olive tree: much 
used in liniments and plasters. O. of orange- 
peel (L. o'leum auran'tii cor'ticis), a volatile oil 
from the rind of the orange, palm o., a fixed oil 
from the fruit of Elce'is guineen'sis, an African palm, 
o. of patchouli, the volatile oil of Pogoste'mon 
patchou'li, a mint of the East Indies: used mainly 
as a perfume, o. of peanut, the fixed oil ex- 
pressed from the seeds of the common peanut, 
Ar'achis hypogee'a. o. of pennyroyal (L. o'leum 
pule'gii or 0. hedeo'ma), the volatile oil of Men'tha 
pulegi'um, M. canaden'sis, and of Hedeo'ma pulegi- 
oi'des: carminative, anodyne, deobstruent, and em- 
menagogue. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.06-0.33 c.c.). O. of 
peppermint (L. o'leum men'tha piper'ita), the 
volatile oil of Men'tha piperi'ta: carminative, 
anodyne, stimulant, and diuretic. Dose, 1-5 min. 
(0.06-0.333 c.c.). o. of petit-grain, a volatile 
oil from the leaves, buds, and young shoots of the 
orange, phosphorated o. (L. o'leum phosphora'- 
tum), oil of sweet almonds, containing ether and 
phosphorus, and having the therapeutic properties 
of the latter drug. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.06-0.333 
c.c.). o. of pimenta. See 0. of allspice, o. 
of poppy-seed, the fixed oil of the seeds of 
opium poppy, porpoise o., a fixed oil from the 
blubber of porpoises, o. of rape, a fixed oil from 
the seeds of rape (Bras'sica campes'tris, var. 
Na'pus), o. of rhodium, the volatile oil from 
the roots of Convol'vulus scopa'ria and C. jlor'ida; 
also from Am'yris balsamif era; also a factitious 
mixture resembling the above: used mainly by 
veterinarians, rock o., petroleum, o. of rose 
(L. o'leum ro'sa), the volatile oil or attar of the fresh 
petals of Ro'sa damasce'na. rosemary o. (L. 
o'leum rosmari'ni), the volatile oil of rosemary 
(q. v.): a stimulant much used in liniments. Dose, 
1-5 min. (0.06-0.333 c.c.). rosin o., the volatile 
oil distilled from rosin, sandalwood o. (L. 
o'leum san'tali), a fragrant volatile oil distilled from 
sandalwood (q. v.): used in bronchitis and gonor- 
rhea. Dose, 10-30 min. (0.6-2 c.c.). o. of 
sassafras (L. o'leum sas'safras), a fragrant volatile 
oil distilled from the root-bark of sassafras (q. v.): 
aromatic and carminative. Dose, 1-5 min. (0.06- 
0.3 c.c.). o. of savin (L. o'leum sabi'na), a vola- 
tile oil distilled from the leaves of savin (q. v.): 
stimulant and emmenagogue. Dose, 1-5 min. 
(0.06-0.3 c.c.). sesame o. Same as 0. of benne. 
shale O., an oil distilled from bituminous shales. 
Shark o., a fixed oil obtained from the liver of 
sharks, shore o., a variety of cod-liver oil. 
Smith's O., a remedy for cuts and wounds in 
veterinary practice, consisting of turpentine and 
linseed oil, i pint each; tincture of aloes, 8 ounces; 
nitric, acid and sulphuric acid, each, 4 ounces, 
spearmint o. (L. o'leum men'tha vir'idis), the 
volatile oil of Men'tha vir'idis, or spearmint: 
carminative, stimulant: used also like menthol. 
Dose, 1-5 min. (0.06-0.33 c.c.). o. of spike, the 
volatile oil of Lavan'dula spi'ca. 0. of spruce, 
a volatile oil distilled from the leaves and twigs of 
the spruce tree, straits o., a variety of cod-liver 
oil. o.-sugar. See eleosaccharum. sunflower 
O., a fixed drying-oil from the seeds of the sun- 
flower, Helian'thus an'nuus. sweet o., olive oil. 
tambor o., a purgative oil from the seeds of 
Omphal'ea oleif'era, a euphorbiaceous tree of 
tropical America, o. of tar (L. o'leum pi'cis 
li'quida), a volatile oil distilled from tar, the 
medicinal properties of which it represents, temp- 
lin o., oil of turpentine from pine-cones. O. of 
thyme (L. o'leum thy'mi), the volatile oil of thyme: 
tonic, stimulant, and carminative. Dose, 1-5 
min. (0.06-0.33 c.c.). o. of turpentine (L. 
o'leum ter ebin' thina), a volatile oil from the resinous 
juice of various pine trees: stimulant, diuretic, and 
counterirritant. Dose of the rectified oil, 5-30 
min. (0.333-2 c.c.). o. of vitriol, an old name for 
sulphuric acid, volatile O., any one of a class of 
oils that volatilize at ordinary temperatures. The 
volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which 
they give their odor. Most volatile oils consist of 
a mixture of two or more terpenes or of a mixture 
of an eleopten with a stearopten. Called also es- 
sential o. and ethereal 0. Walpurgis o., a petro- 
leum from Eichstadt, in Germany; a popular 
polychrest remedy, o. of wintergreen (L. 
o'leum gaulthe'ria), a fragrant volatile oil, methyl 
salicylate, from Gaulthe'ria procum'bens: useful in 
rheumatism. Dose, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
wood o. Same as gurjun balsam, wormseed o. 
(L. o'leum chenopo'dii), the volatile oil of the seeds 
of Chenopo'dium anthelmin'ticum, or American 
wormseed: anthelmintic. Dose, 3-10 min. (0.18- 
0.6 c.c.). zachun o., the oil afforded by seeds of 
Balani'tes agyptia'ca, a tree of Africa. 
oil-breakfast. Two hundred c.c. of olive-oil 
(Voldhard's) or 100-200 c.c. of a 2 per cent, solu- 
tion of oleic acid in olive oil (Boldiref's breakfast), 
given in the early morning, fasting. In one-half 
to one hour the stomach contents are drawn off. 
The oil-breakfast having caused the duodenal 
contents to regurgitate into the stomach, the con- 
tents contain pancreatic juice from the duodenum, 
oinomania (oi-no-ma'ne-ah). Same as enomania. 
ointment (oint'ment) [L. unguen'tum]. A fatty 
medicated preparation for external use, of such 
consistence that it melts when applied to the 
skin. See unguentum. Banyer's o., an oint- 
ment contaimng calomel, 2 dr.; lead carbonate 
and burnt alum, each, 4 ar.; Venice turpentine, 
6 dr.; spermaceti ointment. oz.: used for chronic 
eczema, basilicon o., an ointment made of 1 
pound each of yellow wax, Burgundy pitch, and 
yellow pitch; 16 fl.oz. of olive oil, and 3 fl.oz. 
of turpentine, blue o. See unguentum hydrar- 
gyri. brown o., a discutient ointment containing 
camphorated brown plaster, olive oil, and suet, 
camiofen o., an ointment containing camiofenin 
an emollient base, casein o., a water-soluble var- 
nish used in applying medicines to the skin, and 
consisting of 14 parts of casein, 0.43 part of sodium 
and potassium hydroxids, 7 parts of glycerin, 21 
parts of vaselin, 1 part of boric or salicylic acid, and 
56 parts of water, citrine o., an ointment of ni- 
trate of mercury. Cooper's o., 1 part each of ar- 
senic and sulphur in 8 parts of spermaceti oint- 
ment. Crede's o., one containing 15 per 
cent, of coilargol, 5 per cent, of water, 10 per 
cent, of white wax, and 70 per cent, of benzoinated 
lard: used in septicemia, pyemia, boils, carbuncles, 
etc. Cyrillo's O., an ointment used in syphilis, 
and composed of mercury perchlorid, 4 parts, 
and lard, 32 parts, diachylon o., a mixture of 
olive oil and lead plaster. Dupuytren's o., a OKEN'S BODY 
760 
OLIBANUM 
cantharides ointment, 1:80. Hebra's o., di- 
achylon ointment. Jarisch's O., anointment for 
psoriasis, consisting of 1 part of pyrogallic acid and 
8 parts of lard, kentish o., turpentine liniment. 
Lister's O., an ointment containing white wax, 
paraffin, boric acid, and oil of almond. Maury's 
O., one containing 1 dr. of mercury nitrate and j 
dr. each of powdered opium and rhubarb mixed 
with 1 oz. of simple ointment: used for ulcers, 
mercurial o. See unguentum hy dr ar gyri. 
Metchnikoff's o., calomel, 35 to 50 per cent., 
made into an ointment with lanolin, petroleum, or 
a mixture of them. Moro's o., a mixture of 
lanolin and tuberculin: used in performing 
Moro's reaction. Pagenstecher's o., ointment 
of yellow oxid of mercury: used in eye dis- 
eases. paraffin o. (L. unguen'tum paraffini), 
a mixture of solid and liquid paraffin. Schwim- 
mer's O., an ointment for preventing pitting in 
small-pox, consisting of carbolic acid, chalk, and 
olive oil. seleniovanadic o., a preparation of 
selenium and vanadium, applied locally for reliev- 
ing pain in malignant disease, simple o. [L. 
unguen'tum or u. sim'plex), lard 4 parts and yel- 
low wax 1 part, wax o. (L. unguen'tum ce'ra). 
Same as cerate, simple. Wertheim's o., an oint- 
ment for chloasma, containing ammoniated 
mercury, 2 dr.; bismuth, 2 dr.; and glycerin oint- 
ment, 1 oz. Whitfield's o., an ointment com- 
posed of 1 gm. salicylic acid, 2 gm. benzoic acid, 
and 30 gm. of petrolatum. Wilkinson's o., 
compound sulphur ointment. 
Oken's body (o'kenz) [Lorenz Oken, German physi- 
ologist, 1779-1851]. Wolffian body. 
O. L. Abbreviation for L. oc'ulus Ice'vus, left eye. 
Ol. Abbreviation for L. o'leum, oil. 
-ol. A suffix indicating that the substance is an 
alcohol. 
O. L. A. An abbreviation for L. occipito lavo ante- 
rior, or the left occipito-anterior position of the 
fetal head in labor. 
olan (o'lan). A paraffin ointment-base forming an 
emulsion with water. 
Olea (o'le-ah). 1. L. for olive. 2. Pl. of o'leum, oil. 
oleaginous (o-le-aj'in-us) [L. oleag'inus]. Oily; 
greasy; unctuous. 
oleander (o-le-an'der). An evergreen apocyna- 
ceous shrub, Ne'rium odo'rum, a poisonous 
cardiac tonic, diuretic, and aperient. Dose of 
extract, f-J gr. (0.016-0.05 gm.); daily dose of 
tincture, 5 min. (0.33 c.c.). 
oleandrin (o-le-an'drin). 1. A glucosid from ole- 
ander. Subcutaneous dose, ^3-^ gr- (0.006-0.015 
gm.). 2. An alkaloid from oleander: therapeutically 
active. 
oleandrism (o-le-an'drizm). Poisoning by oleander, 
olease (o'le-as). An enzyme from olive oil which 
produces rancidity and discoloration of the oil. 
oleaster (o-le-as'ter). 1. The true wild olive, 
O'lea oleas'ter. 2. Any plant of the genus Elceagnus. 
oleate (o'le-at). 1. Any salt of oleic acid. 2. 
[L. olea'tum] A solution of a chemic substance 
or drug in oleic acid. The oleates are used as 
ointments. 
olecco (o-lek'o). A proprietary laxative prepara- 
tion of castor oil. 
olecranal (o-lek'ran-al). Pertaining to the olec- 
ranon. 
olecranarthritis (o"lek-ran-ar-thri'tis) [olecranon 
+ arthritis]. Inflammation of the elbow-joint. 
olecranarthrocace (o-lek"ran-ar-throk'as-e) [Gr. 
wKeKpavov elbow + apOpov joint + ko-kv) bad- 
ness]. Tuberculosis of the elbow-joint. 
olecranarthropathy (o-lek"ran-ar-throp'ath-e) 
[Gr. wXeKpavov elbow -f- apOpov joint + icaOos 
disease]. Disease of the elbow-joint. 
olecranoid (o-lek'ran-oid). Resembling the olec- 
ranon. 
olecranon (o-lek'ran-on; properly, o-lek-ra'non) 
[(Jr. aiXeKpavov]. [B N A]. A curved process of the 
ulna at the elbow; olecranon process. 
olefin (o'le-fin) [L. o'leum oil 4- fa'cere to make]. 
An unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon. 
oleic acid (o-le'ik). See under acid,. 
olein (o'le-in) [L. o'leum oil]. An oleate (espe- 
cially the trioleate) of glyceryl, C57Hi04O8: found 
in various fixed oils and fats. It is a colorless, 
oily liquid, insoluble in water, but freely soluble 
in ether and alcohol. 
oleobalsamic (o"le-o-bawl-sam'ik). See mixture. 
oleocreosote (o"le-o-kre'o-sot). The oleic acid 
ester of creosote. It is a yellowish liquid contain- 
ing 33 per cent, of creosote, and is used in phthisis. 
Dose, 10-15 min- (0.65-1 c.c). 
Oleogen (o'le-o-jen). An ointment base contain- 
ing oleic acid, petroleum, and ammonia. 
oleoguaiacol (o"le-o-gwi'ak-ol). The oleic acid 
ester of guaiacol. 
oleo-infusion (o"le-o-in-fu'zhun). A preparation 
made by infusing a drug in oil. 
oleomargarin (o"le-o-mar'jar-in). An artificial 
butter made from tallow, lard, etc. 
oleomargariscope (o"le-o-mar-gar'is-kop). A 
pocket polariscope for the inspection of oleo- 
margarin or butter. 
oleometer (o-le-om'et-er) [L. o'leum oil + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for testing the 
purity of oil. 
oleonucleoprotein (o"le-o-nu"kle-o-pro'te-in). The 
caseinogen and fat of milk regarded as forming one 
complex substance. 
oleopalmitate (o"le-o-pal'mit-at). An oleate and 
a palmitate of the same base. 
oleoresin (o"le-o-rez'in) [L. oleoresi'na]. Any 
natural combination of a resin and a volatile oil. 
The oleoresins exist naturally in plants. The 
term is also applied to the medicinal preparations 
known as ethereal extracts. 
oleosaccharum (o"le-o-sak'ar-um). See eleosac- 
charum. 
oleostearate (o"le-o-ste'ar-at). An oleate and a 
stearate of the same base. 
oleosus (o-le-o'sus) [L.]. Oily; greasy. 
oleothorax (o"le-o-tho'rax) [L. o'leum oil + thorax]. 
Intrapleural injection of oil. 
oleotine (o-le-o'tin). A peptonized fat: for use as a 
butter substitute. 
oleum (o'le-um), gen. o'lei [L. for oil]. See oil. 
o. anima'le, a homeopathic preparation, of the 
vulvar mucus of a mare in heat. o. anima'le 
sethe'reum, Dippel's animal oil (q. v.); also its 
homeopathic preparation, o. chsenoce'ti, the 
oil of a whale, Balce'na rostra'ta: recommended for 
pharmaceutic use. o. lig'ni san'tali, the oil 
of white sandalwood; also its homeopathic prepa- 
ration. 
olfactie (ol-fak'te). The unit of smell; the normal 
stimulus threshold for a given odor. 
olfaction (ol-fak'shun) [L. olfa'cere to smell]. The 
act of smelling; the sense of smell. 
olfactology (ol-fak-tol'o-je). The science of the 
sense of smell. 
olfactometer (ol-fak-tom'et-er) [L. olfac'tus smell 
+ me'trum measure]. An apparatus for testing 
the sensitiveness of the nose to odors. 
olfactometry (ol-fak-tom'et-re). The study of 
the sense of smell. 
olfactory (ol-fak'to-re) [L. olfa'cere to smell]. Per- 
taining to olfaction, or the sense of smell. 
olfactus (ol-fak'tus). A unit of acuity of smell. 
olfacty (ol-fak'te). Same as olfactie. 
olibanum (o-lib'an-um) [L.]. True frankincense; 
a gum-resin from various species of Boswel'lia. 
It is a stimulant emmenagogue, and has been used OLIGEMIA 
761 
also in bronchial and laryngeal affections, and lo- 
cally for chilblains, etc. 
oligemia, oligaemia (ol-ig-e'me-ah) [Gr. bXlyos 
little + aqua blood]. Deficiency in the volume of 
the blood. * 
olighydria (ol-ig-hid're-ah). See oligidria. 
oligidria (ol-ig-id're-ah) [Gr. bXlyos scanty + lb pus 
sweat]. A deficiency in the secretion of the sweat. 
oligoamnios (ol"ig-o-am'ne-os) [Gr. bXlyos little 
+ amnios]. Oligohydramnios. 
oligocardia (ol"ig-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few + 
Kapbla heart]. Same as bradycardia. 
oligocholia (ol"ig-o-ko'le-ah) [Gr. oXlyos scanty 
+ xoXf) bile], A lack or deficiency of the bile. 
oligochromemia (ol"ig-o-kro-me'me-ah) [Gr. 
bXlyos scanty + ypwpa color 4- alpa blood]. In- 
sufficiency of hemoglobin in the blood. 
oligochylia (ol"ig-o-ki'le-ah) [Gr. oXlyos few + 
XvXbs chyle]. Deficiency of chyle. 
oligochymia (ol"ig-o-ki'me-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few + 
Xvpbs juice]. Deficiency of chyme. 
oligocystic (ol"ig-o-sis'tik) [Gr. bXlyos few + kvotls 
cyst]. Containing only a few cysts. 
oligocythemia (ol"ig-o-si-the'me-ah) [Gr. bXlyos 
few + kvtos cell + alpa blood]. Scarcity of red 
corpuscles in the blood. 
oligocythemic (ol"ig-o-si-them'ik). Relating to 
or affected with oligocythemia. 
oligocytosis (ol"ig-o-si-to'sis). Same as oligocy- 
themia. 
oligodactylia (ol"ig-o-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few 
+ baKTvXos digit]. A condition in which the 
fingers or toes are congenitally fewer than is nor- 
mal. 
oligodipsia (ol"ig-o-dip'se-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few + 
blpa thirst]. Abnormal absence of thirst. 
oligodynamic (ol"ig-o-di-nam'ik) [Gr. bXlyos few 
4- bvvapis power]. Active in very minute quan- 
tities. 
oligo-erythrocythemia (ol"ig-o-er"ith-ro-si-the'- 
me-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few + epvOpbs red + kvtos cell 
+ alpa blood]. Deficiency of coloring-matter in 
the red blood-corpuscles; also deficiency of red 
blood-corpuscles. 
oligogalactia (ol"ig-o-gal-ak'she-ah) [Gr. bXlyos 
few 4" yaXa milk]. Deficient secretion of milk. 
oligogenics (ol"ig-o-jen'iks) [Gr. bXiyos few 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Limitation of the number of 
offspring; birth control. 
oligoglobulia (ol"ig-o-glo-bu'le-ah). Same as 
oligocythemia. 
oligohemia (ol"ig-o-he'me-ah). Same as oligemia. 
oligohydramnios (ol"ig-o-hi-dram'ne-os) [Gr. 
bXlyos few 4- water 4- apviov amnion]. 
Scantiness of the liquor amnii. 
oligohydruria (ol"ig-o-hi-dru're-ah) [Gr. bXlyos 
few 4- vSwp water 4- ovpov urine]. Abnormally 
high concentration of the urine. 
oligolecithal (ol"ig-o-les'ith-al) [Gr. bXlyos few 
4" XeKidos yolk]. Possessing only a little yolk; 
the human ovum is oligolecithal. 
oligoleukocythemia (ol"ig-o-lu"ko-si-the'me-ah) 
[Gr. bXlyos little 4- leukocyte 4- Gr. alpa blood]. 
Same as leukopenia. 
oligoleukocytosis (ol"ig-o-lu"ko-si-to'sis). Same 
as leukopenia. 
oligomania (ol"ig-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few 4- 
pavla madness]. Insanity on a few subjects; im- 
pairment of a few of the mental faculties. 
oligomastigate (ol"ig-o-mas'tig-at) [Gr. oXlyos few 
4- paan^ lash]. Having only two flagella. 
oligomenorrhea (ol"ig-o-men-or-e'ah) [Gr. oXlyos 
few 4- prjv month 4* pola flow]. Scantiness of the 
menstrual discharge. 
oligomorphic (ol"ig-o-mor'fik) [Gr. bXlyos few 4- 
pop<p-q form]. Passing through only a few forms 
of growth: said of microorganisms. 
oligonecrospermia(ol"ig-o-nek-ro-sper'me-ah)[Gr. 
oXlyos few + veKpos dead + aireppa sperm], A 
condition of the spermatic fluid in which there is 
diminution of the number of spermatozoa, some of 
which are dead. 
oligonitrophilic, oligonitrophilous (ol"ig-o-ni- 
tro-fil'ik, ol"ig-o-ni-trof'il-us) [Gr. bXlyos few 4- 
nitrogen + Gr. <piXeiv to love]. A term describing 
organisms that absorb nitrogen from the air and 
from media containing combined nitrogen. 
oligopepsia (ol"ig-o-pep'se-ah) [Gr. bXlyos little 
+ Trevis digestion]. Feeble digestion. 
oligophosphaturia (ol"ig-o-fos-fat-u're-ah). De- 
ficiency in the excretion of phosphates by the 
urine. 
oligophrenia (ol"ig-o-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. bXlyos scanty 
+ <ppi)v mind]. Defective mental development. 
oligoplasmia (ol"ig-o-plaz'me-ah) [Gr. bXlyos 
scanty + irXaapa thing formed]. A deficient 
quantity of plasma in the blood. 
oligoplastic (ol"ig-o-plas'tik) [Gr. bXlyos scanty 4- 
plasm]. Deficient in plasm. 
oligopnea, oligopnoea (ol"ig-op-ne'ah) [Gr. bXlyos 
few + irvola breath]. Retarded breathing. 
oligoposy (ol-ig-op'o-se) [Gr. bXlyos scanty + Troais 
drink]. The disordered state resulting from too 
little drinking of fluids. 
oligopsychia (ol"ig-o-si'ke-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few + 
\pvxv mind]. Mental weakness. 
oligoptyalism (ol"ig-o-ti'al-izm) [Gr. bXlyos few 4- 
irTvaXov saliva]. Diminished secretion of saliva. 
oligoria (ol-ig-o're-ah) [Gr. bXcyopla apathy], A 
form of melancholia (Snell). 
oligosialia (ol"ig-o-si-a'le-ah) [Gr. bXlyos few 4- 
crlaXov saliva]. Pathologically diminished secre- 
tion of saliva. 
oligospermatism (ol"ig-o-sper'mat-izm). Same 
as oligospermia. 
oligospermia (ol"ig-o-sper'me-ah) [Gr. bXlyos 
scanty + arreppa seed]. Scantiness of the sem- 
inal secretion, or paucity of spermatozoa in the 
semen. 
oligosporidia (ol"ig-o-spo-rid'e-ah). A suborder 
of protozoan microorganisms, or coccidia, form- 
ing spores which divide, each one producing sev- 
eral sickle-shaped reproductive bodies. Some are 
pathogenic. 
oligotrichia (ol"ig-o-trik'e-ah) [Gr. bXlyos scanty 
+ Opi^ hair]. Congenital thinness of the growth 
of hair. 
oligotrichosis (ol"ig-o-trik-o'sis). Oligotrichia. 
oligotrophy (ol-ig-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. bXlyos deficient + 
t potpy nourishment]. Insufficient nutrition. 
oligozoospermatism, oligozobspermia (ol"ig- 
o-zo-o-sper'mat-izm, ol"ig-o-zo-o-sper'me-ah) [Gr. 
bXlyos few + ^ipov animal + mrlppa seed], A 
deficient supply of spermatozoa in the semen. 
oliguresis, oliguria (ol"ig-u-re'sis, ol-ig-u're-ah) 
[Gr. bXlyos scanty + ovpov urine]. Deficient se- 
cretion of the urine; abnormally diminished fre- 
quency of micturition. 
olikaguria (ol'ik-ag-u're-ah) [Gr. 6Xik- infrequent 
4- ovpov urine], A condition in which urination 
occurs at very long intervals. 
olintal (o'lin-tal). A liquid soap containing 2.8 
per cent, of myrrh, 0.5 per cent, of camphor, and 
0.5 per cent, of menthol: used locally in diphtheria. 
oliophen (o-li'o-fen). An antigonorrheal solution 
of salol and linseed oil in olive oil. Dose, 30 
min. (2 c.c.). 
oliva (o-li'vah) [L. "olive"]. [B N A], The olivary 
body. See body. 
olivary (ol'iv-a-re) [L. oliva'rius]. Shaped like an 
olive, o. bodies. See under body. 
olive (ol'iv) [L. oli'va]. 1. The tree O'lea euro- 
pce'a; also its fruit. The latter affords a fixed 
oil {olive oil, sweet oil), which consists chiefly of 
OLIVE OLIVENOL-IODATE 
762 
OMPHALIC 
olein and palmitin, and is employed as a food, as 
a mild laxative, and as an application to wounds, 
bruises, etc. 2. Any olive-shaped body, especially 
the olivary body. See body, inferior o., the 
inferior olivary body, superior o., the superior 
olivary body. 
olivenol-iodate (ol-iv-e"nol-i'o-dat). A compound 
of iodin with olive oil containing 7.6 per cent, of 
iodin: used in asthma, bronchitis, and subcutane- 
ously in syphilis. 
Oliver's sign, test (ol'iv-erz) [Sir Thomas Oliver, 
English physician, born 1853]. See under sign 
and tests. 
Oliver-Cardarelli's sign (ol'iv-er-kar-dar-el'ez). 
See under sign. 
olivifugal (ol-iv-if'u-gal) [olive + L. fu'gere to 
flee]. Moving from or going away from the oliva. 
olivipetal (ol-iv-ip'et-al) [olive + L. pe'tere to 
seek]. Passing or conducting to or toward the 
oliva. 
Ollier's disease (ol-e-az') [Leopold Louis Xavier 
Edouard Ollier, a French surgeon, 1830-1901]. 
Achondroplasia. 
Ol. lini s. i. Abbreviation for L. o'leum li'ni si'ne 
ig'ne, cold-drawn linseed oil. 
Ol. oliv. Abbreviation for L. o'leum oli'va, olive oil. 
olophonia (ol-o-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. bXobs ill + 
voice]. Defective speech due to malformed vocal 
organs. 
O. L. P. An abbreviation for L. occipito lavo poste- 
rior, or the left occipitoposterior position of the 
fetal head in labor. 
Ol. res. Abbreviation for oleoresin. 
Olshausen's method, operation (ols'how-zenz) 
[Robert von Olshausen, obstetrician in Berlin, 1835- 
1915]. See under method and operation. 
O. m. Abbreviation for L. om'ni ma'ne, every morn- 
ing. 
-oma [Gr. -w^a]. A Greek suffix or termination 
implying a morbid condition, especially a tumor, 
of the part indicated by the word to which it is 
attached. 
omacephalus (o-mas-ef'al-us) [Gr. &pos shoulder 
+ xe<paXij head]. A monster fetus with deficient 
head and no upper extremities. 
omagra (o-ma'grah, o'mag-rah) [Gr. wpos shoulder 
+ ay pa seizure]. Gout in the shoulder. 
omal (o'mal). Trichlorphenol, OH.C6H2.CI3; a 
colorless, crystalline derivative of phenol and 
chlorin: used by inhalation in diseases of the air- 
passages, and in 5 to 10 per cent, ointment. 
omalgia (o-mal'je-ah) [Gr. <fpos shoulder + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the shoulder. 
omarthritis (o-mar-thri'tis) [Gr. wpos shoulder + 
apOpov joint + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the shoulder-joint. 
omasitis (o-ma-si'tis). Inflammation of the oma- 
sum. 
omasum (.o-ma'sum). The third division of the 
stomach of ruminant animals. Called also manifold 
or manyplies. 
omatidium (o-mat-id'e-um). One of the elongated 
units of a compound eye of an arthropod. 
ombrophobia (om-bro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 6p/3pos rain 
+ tpbfdos fear]. Fear of rain. 
ombrophore (om'bro-for) [Gr. op/3pos rain + 
<popos bearer]. An apparatus for applying a 
douche bath of water containing carbon dioxid. 
omega melancholium (o'me-gah mel-an-ko'le- 
um). A folding of the skin between the eye- 
brows like the Greek letter omega (w); a sign 
of melancholia. 
omeire (o-mi're). A native drink of southwest 
Africa, made by permitting milk to ferment. 
omental (o-men'tal). Pertaining to the omentum, 
omentectomy (o-men-tek'to-me) [omentum + Gr. 
eKTo^i) excision]. Excision of a portion of the 
omentum. 
omentitis (o-men-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
omentum. 
omentofixation (o-men"to-fiks-a'shun). Same as 
omentopexy. 
omentopexy (o-men'to-peks-e) [omentum + Gr. 
Turfas fixation]. The operation of suturing the 
omentum to the abdominal wall, securing anas- 
tomotic communication between the portal sys- 
tem and that of the vena cava. 
omentoplasty (o-men'to-plas-te) [omentum + Gr. 
irXaaaeLV to form]. The use of omental grafts. 
omentorrhaphy (o-men-tor'af-e) [omentum + Gr. 
pa<pi) suture]. The operation of suturing the omen- 
tum. 
omentosplenopexy (o-men-to-sple'no-peks-e). 
Combined omentopexy and splenopexy. 
omentotomy (o-men-tot'o-me) [omentum + Gr. 
to pi) cut]. Incision of the omentum. 
Omentulum (o-men'tu-lum). The lesser omentum, 
omentum (o-men'tum) [L.]. A reduplication of 
the peritoneum going from the stomach to the 
adjacent organs, gastrocolic o., great o., a 
fold of omentum connected with the great curva- 
ture of the stomach and infolding the transverse 
colon, gastrohepatic o., lesser o., the omen- 
tal fold joining the lesser curvature of the stom- 
ach to the transverse fissure of the liver, gas- 
trosplenic O., a fold of peritoneum which con- 
nects the spleen with the stomach. Haller's 
colic O., a process from the greater omentum, 
which sometimes in fetal life becomes attached to 
the testis, and may be included in an inguinal 
hernia, o. ma'jus [B N A], the great omentum, 
o. mi'nus [B N A], the lesser omentum, pan- 
creaticosplenic o., the peritoneum connecting 
the tail of the pancreas with the inner surface of 
the spleen. 
omitis (o-mi'tis) [Gr. &/zos shoulder + -ins inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the shoulder. 
Omn. bih. Abbreviation for L. om'ni biho'ra, every 
two hours. 
Omn. hor. Abbreviation for L. om'ni ho'ra, every 
hour. 
omnivit (om'niv-it). A proprietary vitamin prepa- 
ration. 
omnivorous (om-niv'o-rus) [L. om'nis all + vora're 
to eat]. Subsisting upon food of every kind. 
Omn. noct. Abbreviation for L. om'ni noc'te, every 
night. 
omnopon (om'no-pon) [L. om'nis all + opium]. 
Pantopon. 
omo- [Gr. di/xos shoulder]. A prefix denoting some 
relation to the shoulder. 
omocephalus (o-mo-sef'al-us) [Gr. wpos shoulder 
+ Ke<pa\i] head]. A fetus with no arms and an 
incomplete head. 
omoclavicular (o"mo-klav-ik'u-lar). Pertaining 
to the shoulder and the clavicle. 
omodynia (o-mo-din'e-ah) [Gr. wpos shoulder -f- 
68wr) pain]. Pain in the shoulder. 
omohyoid (o-mo-hi'oid). Pertaining to the shoul- 
der and the hyoid bone. See muscles, table of. 
omophagia (o-mo-fa'je-ah) [Gr. wpbs raw + 
<payeiv to eat]. The eating of raw food. 
omorol (o'mo-rol). An organic silver preparation 
for local application in diphtheria. 
omosternum (o-mo-ster'num). The interarticular 
cartilage at the joint between the sternum and 
clavicle. 
omphalectomy (om-fal-ek'to-me) [Gr. o^aXos 
navel + eKTop-i) excision]. Excision of the navel. 
omphalelcosis (om"fal-el-ko'sis) [Gr. bp<paXbs 
navel + eX/cwais ulceration]. Ulceration of the 
umbilicus. 
omphalic (om-fal'ik) [Gr. d/x^aXi«6s]. Pertaining 
to the umbilicus. OMPHALITIS 
763 
ONONIN 
omphalitis (om-fal-i'tis) [Gr. bptpaXbs navel 4- 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of the navel. 
omphalo-angiopagous (om"fal-o-an-je-op'ag-us) 
[Gr. bpipaXos navel 4- ayyelov vessel 4- uaybs 
fixed]. Joined by the vessels of the umbilical cords: 
said of enzygotic twins. 
omphalocele (om-fal'o-sel) [Gr. bp<paXbs navel 4- 
ktjXtj hernia]. An umbilical hernia. 
omphalochorion (om"fal-o-ko're-on). The struc- 
ture in the embryo formed by fusion of the yolk- 
sac with the chorion. 
omphaloma (om-fal-o'mah) [Gr. bp^aXos navel 4- 
-opa tumor], A tumor of the umbilicus. 
omphalomesaraic (om"fal-o-mes-ar-a'ik). Same 
as omphalomesenteric. 
omphalomesenteric (om"fal-o-mes-en-ter'ik). 
Pertaining to the navel and mesentery. 
omphaloncus (om-fal-ong'kus) [Gr. bp<paXbs navel 
4- byuos tumor]. A tumor or swelling of the um- 
bilicus. 
omphalopagus (om-fal-op'ag-us) [Gr. bptpaXbs 
navel 4- irqyvvvat make fast]. Same as monom- 
phalus. 
omphalophlebitis (om"fal-o-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. bp- 
<paXbs navel 4- <pXep vein]. 1. Inflammation of the 
umbilical veins. 2. Navel ill; a condition of 
markedly suppurative lesions in young animals, 
due to infection through the umbilicus. 
omphalorrhagia (om"fal-o-ra'je-ah) [Gr. bpipaXbs 
navel 4- fxqyvvvac to burst forth]. Hemorrhage 
from the umbilicus. 
omphalorrhea (om"fal-o-re'ah) [Gr. bptpaXbs navel 
4- pola flow]. An effusion of lymph at the 
navel. 
omphalorrhexis (om"fal-o-reks'is) [Gr. bp<paXbs 
navel 4- prints rupture]. Rupture of the umbilicus. 
omphalosite (om'fal-o-sit) [Gr. bpcpaXbs navel 4- 
airos food], A monster-fetus with no heart and 
which dies when the navel-string is cut. 
omphalosotor (om-fal-o-so'tor) [Gr. bpipaXbs navel 
4- crurnp preserver]. An instrument for replacing 
the prolapsed umbilical cord in childbirth. 
omphalospinous (om"fal-o-spi'nus) [Gr. boupaXbs 
navel 4- spinous]. Pertaining to the umbilicus and 
the anterior spine of the ilium. 
omphalotomy (om-fal-ot'o-me) [Gr. bpipaXos navel 
4- repvetv to cut]. The cutting of the navel- 
string. 
omphalotripsy (om-fal-o-trip'se) [Gr. 6p<paXbs 
navel 4- rpl^etv to crush]. The separation of the 
navel-string by a crushing operation. 
omphalus (om'fal-us) [Gr.]. The navel or um- 
bilicus. 
Om. quar. hor. Abbreviation for L. om'ni quad- 
ran'te ho'ra, every quarter of an hour. 
omunono (om-u-no'no). A native name for fram- 
besia. 
O. n. Abbreviation for L. om'ni noc'te, every night, 
onanism (o'nan-izm) [Onan son of Judah]. Mas- 
turbation; more correctly, withdrawal of the penis 
before the completion of the sexual act. 
Onanoff's reflex or sign (on-ah'nofs) [Jacques 
Onanof, French physician, born 1859]. See 
reflex. 
onaye (o-nah'ye). An exceedingly virulent poison 
from the seeds of Strophan'thus his'pidus. 
Onchocerca (ong-ko-ser'kah) [Gr. oyuos tumor 4~ 
KepKos tail]. A genus of filarious worms. O. 
coecu'tiens, a species that causes subcutaneous 
nodules on the heads of natives in Guatamala. O. 
gibso'ni infests the subcutaneous tissues of cat- 
tle, producing nodular swellings on the flanks, 
knees, and shoulders. O. vol'vulus, a species 
widely distributed in western and central Africa. 
It causes subcutaneous fibrous tumors as large as 
nuts. It is also found in elephantiasis in the Congo. 
onchocerciasis (ong"ko-ser-ki'as-is). The condi- 
tion produced by infection with Onchocerca. 
Oncocerca (ong-ko-ser'kah). Onchocerca 
oncograph (ong'ko-graf) [Gr. byuos tumor + 
ypa<peiv to record]. A recording device attached 
to the oncometer. 
oncography (ong-kog'raf-e). The graphic record- 
ing of the outlines of organs. 
oncology (ong-kol'o-je) [Gr. byuos tumor 4- Xbyos 
discourse]. The sum of knowledge concerning 
tumors. 
oncoma (ong-ko'mah) [Gr. by ku pa]. An ancient 
name for a tumor. 
oncometer (ong-kom'et-er) [Gr. byuos mass 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
variations in the size of viscera. 
oncometric (ong-ko-met'rik). Pertaining to the 
oncometer. 
oncometry (ong-kom'et-re). The measurement of 
variations in the size of viscera. 
oncosis (ong-ko'sis) [Gr. byuos tumor]. The dis- 
eased condition characterized by the develop- 
ment of tumors. 
oncosphere, oncosphsera (ong'ko-sfer, ong-ko- 
sfe'rah) [Gr. byuos hook + atpaipa sphere]. The 
larva of the tape worm in the spheric stage, 
enclosed in a thick ciliated membrane and armed 
with six hooks. It may be found in the feces. 
oncotomy (ong-kot'o-me) [Gr. byuos tumor + rep- 
vetv to cut]. The incision of an abscess or swell- 
ing. 
oncotropic (on-ko-trop'ik) [Gr. bvuos tumor 4~ 
rpoTrr] a turn]. Having a special affinity or attrac- 
tion for tumor cells; called also tumoraffin. 
ondorneter (on-dom'et-er). An apparatus for 
measuring the frequency of the oscillations in high- 
frequency currents. 
102. See luargol. 
oneiric, oniric (on-i'rik) [Gr. bvetpos dream]. Per- 
taining to dreams. 
oneirism, onirism (o-ni'rizm) [Gr. oveipos dream]. 
A dream-like waking hallucination. 
oneirodynia (o"ni-ro-din'e-ah) [Gr. bveipos dream 
+ bbvvrj pain]. Nightmare. 
oneiroscopy (o-ni-ros'ko-pe) [Gr. bvetpos dream 4- 
cruoireiv to examine]. Analysis of dreams for the 
purpose of diagnosing the patient's mental state. 
one-two-three. A local anesthetic for dental 
use, containing i part oil of cassia, 2 parts carbolic 
acid, 3 parts oil of wintergreen. 
oniomania (o"ne-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. uvtos for sale 
+ pavla madness]. An insane desire to make 
purchases. 
onion (un'yun) [L. u'nio; ce'pa], The plant Al'lium 
ce'pa and its edible bulb. It is expectorant, 
diuretic, and stimulant, and the syrup is used in 
bronchitis in doses of 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
Oniscus asel'lus (o-nis'kus). The sow-bug, an 
insect-like isopod found in cellars, etc.: diuretic 
and stimulant. It is principally used in homeo- 
pathic practice. 
onkinocele (on-kin'o-sel) [Gr. byuos swelling 4* is 
fiber + wqXrj tumor], A swollen condition of a 
tendon-sheath. 
onobaio (o-no-ba'yo). A powerful arrow-poison 
from Obok, in Africa. It has a depressant action 
on the heart. 
onomatology (on-o-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. bvopa name 
4- Xbyos treatise]. The science of names and 
nomenclature. 
onomatomania (on-o-mat-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. bvopa 
name 4- pavla madness]. The obsession of 
names: persistent dwelling of the mind upon some 
particular name (Charcot and Magnan, 1885). 
onomatophobia (on-o-mat-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. bvopa 
name 4- <pb{3os fear]. Morbid dread of hearing a 
certain name. 
ononin (o-no'nin). A glucosid, C30H34O13, from the 
root of Ono'nis spino'sa. ONONIS SPINOSA 
764 
OOPHORIN 
Ononis spino'sa (o-no'nis). A leguminous plant 
of Europe. It is diuretic: used mainly in home- 
opathic practice. 
onotoxin (on-o-tok'sin). A proprietary remedy for 
gonorrhea. 
ontogenesis, ontogeny (on-to-jen'es-is, on-toj'- 
en-e) [Gr. wp existing 4- yeppap to beget]. The 
development of the individual organism or ovum. 
ontogenetic, ontogenic (on"to-jen-et'ik, on-to- 
jen'ik). Pertaining to ontogenesis. 
onyalai, onyalia (o-ne-al'a-e, o-ne-a'le-ah). A 
disease occurring among the blacks of Portuguese 
West Africa, and marked by the formation, on 
the palatal and buccal mucous membrane, of blebs 
containing semi-coagulated blood and without 
signs of constitutional disorder. 
onychatrophia, onychatrophy (o"nik-at-ro'- 
fe-ah, o-nik-at'ro-fe) [Gr. bpv% nail + a priv. 4- 
Tpotpi) food]. Atrophy of a nail or of the nails. 
onychauxis (o-nik-awks'is) [Gr. 6w^ nail 4* 
to increase]. ' Overgrowth of the nails. 
onychia (o-nik'e-ah) [Gr. bn^ nail]. 1. Same as 
paronychia. 2. Ulceration of the nail matrix, 
o. latera'lis, paronychia, o. malig'na, onychia 
with fetid ulceration and loss of the nail. o. 
parasit'ica, onychomycosis, o. periungua- 
lis, paronychia. O. sic'ca, syphilitic inflamma- 
tion of the nail matrix in which the nail becomes 
thick and brittle. 
onychitis (o-nik-i'tis) [Gr. bvv^ nail 4- -ires inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the matrix of a nail. 
onychocryptosis (on"ik-o-krip-to'sis) [Gr. bvv% 
nail 4- Kpiirreiv to conceal]. Ingrowing toe-nail. 
onychogram (o-nik'o-gram). A tracing made by 
the onychograph. 
onychograph (o-nik'o-graf) [Gr. bvv% nail + ypa- 
<peiv to write]. An instrument for observing and 
recording the nail-pulse and capillary circula- 
tion. 
onychogryphosis (on"ik-o-grif-o'sis). Onycho- 
gryposis. 
onychogryposis (on"ik-o-gri-po'sis) [Gr. 
nail 4- ypoirwois bending]. A hooked or incurved 
state of the nails. 
onychoid (on'ik-oid) [Gr. bvv^ nail 4- elSos form]. 
Resembling a finger-nail. 
onycholysis (o-nik-ol'is-is) [Gr. bvv£ nail 4- Xvats 
loosening]. Loosening of the nails. 
onychoma (o-nik-o'mah) [Gr. bvv% nail 4- -wpa 
tumor]. A tumor of the nail or nail-bed. 
onychomalacia (on"ik-o-ma-la'se-ah) [Gr. bw^ 
nail 4- paXama softness]. Softening of the finger- 
nail. 
onychomycosis (on"ik-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. opv% nail4- 
pvKr/s fungus], A disease of the nails due to the 
presence of the ringworm or the favus fungus. 
The nails become opaque, white, thickened, soft, 
and brittle. Called also 0. favo'sa. o. favo'sa, 
that due to the favus fungus, o. tonsu'rans, a 
disease produced by the growth of Trichoph'yton 
in the nails, o. trichophyti'na, that due to 
the fungus of ringworm. 
onychonosus (o-nik-on'o-sus) [Gr. bvv% nail 4- 
pbaos disease]. Disease of the nails. 
onychopathic (on-ik-o-path'ik). Pertaining to ony- 
chopathy or any disease of the nails. 
onychopathology (on"ik-o-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. bw^ 
nail 4- pathology]. The pathology of diseases of the 
nails. 
onychopathy (o-nik-op'ath-e) [Gr. bvv£ nail 4- 
iraOos disease]. Disease of the nails. 
onychophagist (o-nik-of'a-jist). One who habit- 
ually bites the finger-nails. 
onychophagy (o-nik-of'a-je) [Gr. bvv^ nail 4- 
payeiv to eat]. The morbid habit of eating or 
biting the nails. 
onychophosis (on"ik-o-fo'sis) [Gr. bvv£ nail]. A 
horny growth beneath the toe-nails. 
onychophyma (on"ik-o-fi'mah) [Gr. bvv^ nail 4- 
<pvp.a growth]. Thickening or enlargement of 
the nail. 
onychoptosis (on"ik-op-to'sis) [Gr. bvv^ nail 4- 
irrwais falling]. Falling off of the nails. 
onychorrhexis (on"ik-o-reks'is). Spontaneous 
splitting of the nail. 
onychosis (on-ik-o'sis) [Gr. 6vv^ nail]. Disease or 
deformity of a nail or of the nails. 
onychotrophy (on-ik-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. bvv£ nail + 
rpo<pr) nutrition]. Nutrition of the nails. 
onym (on'im) [Gr. owpa name]. A technical 
name or term. 
onyx (o'niks) [Gr. 6vv£ nail], i. A nail of a finger 
or toe. 2. A variety of hypopyon. 
onyxis (o-niks'is) [Gr. 6w£ nail]. Ingrowing nail. 
onyxitis (o-niks-i'tis) [Gr. bvv^ nail 4- -iris in- 
flammation]. Same as onychitis. 
ooblast (o'o-blast) [Gr. wop egg 4- ^Xaarbs germ]. 
The cell whence the ovum is developed. 
oocinesia (o"o-sin-e'ze-ah). Same as ookinesis. 
oocinete (o-o-sin'et). Same as ookinete. 
obcyanin (o-o-si'an-in) [Gr. wop egg 4- Kvavos blue]. 
A bluish coloring-matter from birds' eggs. 
oocyesis (o"o-si-e'sis) [Gr. cpop egg 4- kvijois preg- 
nancy]. ' Ovarian pregnancy. 
oocyst (o'o-sist) [Gr. wop egg 4- warts bladder]. The 
tough membrane surrounding a sporont after the 
union of the gametes; also the protozoan indi- 
vidual in this stage of development. 
obcytase (o-o-si'tas). A cytase or enzyme having a 
destructive effect on ovarian cells. 
oocyte (o'o-sit) [Gr. (pop egg + kotos cell]. The 
original cell of the ovarian egg before the forma- 
tion of the polar bodies. The oocyte splits up 
into the first polar body and the secondary oocyte, 
the latter dividing to form the second polar body 
and the mature egg. 
oocytin (o-o-si'tin). Robertson's name for a sub- 
stance isolated from spermatozoa, which he claims 
can fertilize the ovum. 
obdeocele (o-o'de-o-sel) [Gr. wobr]s egg-shaped 4- 
kijXt? hernia]. Obturator hernia. 
oogenesis (o-o-jen'is-is) [Gr. egg 4- yepeais pro- 
duction], The origin and development of the 
ovum. 
oogonium (o-o-go'ne-um) [Gr. wop egg 4- yopr) gen- 
eration]. i. The primordial cell from which the 
ovarian egg arises. 2. Any one of the elements 
derived from the germ-cell which give rise to the 
oocytes. 
ookinesis (o"o-kin-e'sis) [Gr. wop egg 4- kIptictis 
motion]. The karyokinetic movements of the 
egg- 
ookinete (o-o-kin'et) [see ookinesis]. That state 
in the development of a malarial parasite after 
the formation of the zygote in which the latter 
takes on the form of an elongated motile vermi- 
cule. Called also vermicide. 
oolemma (o-o-lem'ah) [Gr. wop egg 4- \eppa sheath]. 
The limiting membrane of the ovum; the zona 
pellucida. 
oophoralgia (o"of-or-al'je-ah) [Gr. ybp egg 4- 
ipepeiv to bear 4* a\yos pain]. Pain in an ovary, 
obphoraphy (o-of-or'af-e) [oophororrhaphy]. An- 
choring of a prolapsed ovary by suturing its hilus 
to the relaxed infundibulopelvic ligaments (Imlach- 
Tait, 1885). 
obphorauxe (o"o-fo-rawks'e) [oophoron 4- Gr. 
au£ij increase]. Enlargement of the ovary. 
oophorectomy (o"of-o-rek'to-me) [Gr. wop egg 4- 
ipepetv to bear + eKTop.-q excision]. The surgical 
removal of an ovary. 
obphorin (o-of'o-rin). A therapeutic preparation 
of the fresh ovaries of cows and swine. Dose, 
5 gr. (0.3 gm.). OOPHORITIS 
765 
OPERATION 
■odphoritis (o"of-o-ri'tis) [Gr. <jbv egg + <pepeu> to 
bear -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of an 
ovary, o. sero'sa, edema of the ovary. 
oophorocystosis (o-of"o-ro-sis-to'sis) [Gr. ^bv 
egg + (pepeiv to bear + Kvaris cyst]. The forma- 
tion of an ovarian cyst. 
oophoro-epilepsy (o-of"o-ro-ep'il-ep-se) [odpho- 
ron + epilepsy]. Epilepsy due to ovarian disease, 
oophorohysterectomy (o-of"o-ro-his-ter-ek'to- 
me) [Gr. ubv egg + <pepeiv to bear + varepa womb 
4- enTopi) excision]. Surgical removal of the 
uterus and ovaries. 
oophoroma (o"of-or-o'mah). A malignant tumor 
of the ovary. 
oophoromalacia (o-of"or-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. qbv 
egg + tpepeiv to bear + juaXcuda softness]. 
The morbid softening of an ovary. 
oophoromania (o-of"or-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. cbov egg 
+ <p'epeiv to bear + pavia madness]. Insanity 
due to ovarian disorder. 
oophoron (o-of'o-ron) [Gr. dov egg + <pepeiv to 
bear]. An ovary. 
oophoropeliopexy (o-of"o-ro-pe'le-o-pek-se) [L. 
oophoron + Gr. TrqXlos pelvis + tt^is fixation]. 
Same as adnexopexy. 
oophoropexy (o-of'o-ro-pek-se). Same as adnex- 
opexy. 
oophororrhaphy (o-of-or-or'af-e) [Gr. wbv egg + 
tpepecv to bear + patpq suture]. The stitching of 
an ovary to the pelvic wall. 
oophorosalpingectomy (o-of"or-o-sal-pin-jek'to- 
me) [Gr. tpbv egg + <pepet.v to bear + craX-nay^ 
tube + eKropq excision]. Surgical removal of an 
ovary and oviduct. 
oophorostomy (o-o-fo-ros'to-me) [Gr. d>bv egg + 
tpepeiv to bear -j- aropa mouth]. The making of 
an opening into an ovarian cyst for drainage 
purposes. 
oophorotomy (o"o-fo-rot'o-me) [oophoron + Gr. 
ropq cutting]. The operation of splitting the 
ovary. 
oorhodein (o-o-ro'de-in) [Gr. wbv egg + pobov red]. 
A red coloring-matter from birds' eggs. 
oosperm (o'os-perm) [Gr. tpbv egg + mreppa seed]. 
The recently fertilized ovum. 
Oospora (o-os'po-rah). A genus of fungi. O. 
lac'tis, a species found on the surface of milk, 
cheese, etc., and forming a white mold. O. 
tozen'ri, a species cultivated from black myce- 
toma. It produces a brown or dark color in cul- 
tures and may be responsible for the black color 
of the lesions in man. 
oosporangium (o-o-sporan'je-um). The female 
element in the sexual reproduction of cryptogamic 
plants. 
oospore (o'o-spor) [Gr. aw egg + spore]. See spore. 
oosporosis (o"o-spo-ro'sis). Infection by an 
oospore; e. g., in chronic bronchitis. 
oothecalgia (o"o-the-kal'je-ah). Ovarialgia. 
oothecocele (o"o-the'ko-sel). Ovariocele. 
obthectomy (o-o-thek'to-me). Surgical excision 
of an ovary. 
ootid (0'0-tid). One of four cells derived from the 
two consecutive divisions of the primary oocyte, 
and corresponding to the spermatids derived from 
division of the primary spermatocyte. 
ootype (o'o-tip) [Gr. wov egg + rinros impression]. 
In some trematodes, a dilated portion of the uterus 
into which the oviduct opens and where the ovum 
is fertilized, invested with the yolk and provided 
with a shell. 
ooxanthin (o-o-zan'tbin) [Gr. &bv egg + $av06$ 
yellow]. A yellow pigment found in egg shells. 
opacification (o"pas-if-ik-a'shun). A growing 
opaque, as of the cornea or lens. 
opacity (o-pas'it-e) [L. opac'itas]. 1. The condition 
of being opaque. 2. An opaque spot or area. 
opalescin (o-pal-es'in). An albuminoid derivable 
from milk: its solutions are opalescent. 
opalgia (o-pal'je-ah) [Gr. face + 0X705 pain]. 
Facial neuralgia. 
opaline (o'pal-en) [L. o'palus opal]. Having the 
appearance of an opal. 
opalisin (o-pal'is-in). An opalescent protein, 
obtainable from human milk. 
opaque, opake (o-pak') [L. opa'cus], Impervious 
to light-rays; neither transparent nor trans- 
lucent. 
opeidoscope (o-pi'do-skbp) [Gr. voice + elbos 
form + vKoireiv to view]. An apparatus for 
studying the vibrations of the voice by means of 
light reflected from a mirror. 
open (o'pen). 1. Exposed to the air; attended 
with exposure to the air; not covered by un- 
broken skin. 2. So interrupted (as a circuit) 
that an electric current cannot pass. 
open-bite malocclusion. See under mal- 
occlusion. 
opening (o'pen-ing). An aperture, saphenous 
O., an oval opening in the fascia of the upper thigh, 
below Poupart's ligament, transmitting the internal 
saphenous vein. Called also fossa ovalis. 
operable (op'er-ab-1). That can be operated upon 
with reasonable hope of improvement. 
operaphone (op'er-af-6n). A proprietary aid for 
impaired hearing. 
operation (op-er-a'shun) [L. opera'tio}. 1. Any 
act performed with instruments or by the hands 
of a surgeon. 2. The specific effect of any drug. 
Abbe's o. 1. A lateral intestinal anastomosis 
made with rings of catgut. 2. Division of an 
esophageal stricture by string friction. 3. Intra- 
cranial resection of the second and third divisions 
of the fifth nerve for tic douloureux. Aber- 
nethy's O., an operation for ligation of the ex- 
ternal iliac artery, with a curved incision running 
from a point one inch within and above the ante- 
rior superior spine to a point one and a half inches 
above and outside of the center of Poupart's 
ligament. Adams' o. 1. Subcutaneous intra- 
capsular division of the neck of the femur for an- 
kylosis of the hip. 2. Subcutaneous division of 
the palmar fascia at various points for Dupuytren's 
contraction. 3. Excision of a wedge-shaped piece 
from the eyelid for relief of ectropion. 4. Opera- 
tion of crushing the projecting portion of a deflected 
nasal septum with a forceps and inserting a splint. 
5. Advancement of the round ligaments. Ait- 
ken's O., double pelviotomy for narrow pelvis. 
Albee's o. 1. Operation for ankylosis of the hip, 
consisting of cutting off the upper surface of the 
head of the femur and freshening a corresponding 
point on the acetabulum, and permitting the two 
freshened surfaces to rest in contact. 2. Trans- 
plantation of a portion of the tibia into the 
split spinous processes of the vertebrae for tuber- 
culous spondylitis. Albee-Delbet o., an opera- 
tion for fracture of the neck of the femur, done by 
drilling a hole through the trochanter and the 
neck and head of the femur and inserting a bone 
peg in this hole. Albert's o., excision of the 
knee to secure ankylosis for the cure of flail- 
joint. Alexander's o. 1. The shortening 
of the round ligaments of the uterus for dis- 
placement of that organ. 2. Ligation of the 
vertebral arteries for the cure or relief of epilepsy. 
3. Prostatectomy by median suprapubic and median 
perineal incisions. Alexander-Adams' o. Same 
as Alexander's 0. (1). Allarton's o., median- lith- 
otomy. Allingham's (H.) o., inguinal colotomy 
by an incision parallel with and one-half inch above 
Poupart's ligament. Allingham's (W.) o., 
excision of the rectum by an incision into the 
ischiorectal fossae, about the rectum, and extending 
backward to the coccyx. Alouette's o. See 
amputation. Alquie's o., Alquie-Alexander 
o., extraperitoneal shortening of the round liga- ments. Ammon's o. 1. Blepharoplasty by a flap 
from the cheek. 2. Dacryocystotomy. Amus- 
sat's O., lumbar colotomy by an incision across 
the outer border of the quadratus lumborum. 
Andrews'O. 1. An operation for inguinal hernia 
by the use of an imbricating or an overlapping 
suture. 2. An operation for hydrocele, including 
complete eversion of the lining without the use of 
stitches. Anel's o. 1. Ligation of an artery close 
to an aneurysm and on the cardiac side. 2. Dilata- 
tion of the lacrimal duct with a probe, followed by 
an astringent injection. Annandale's o. 1. The 
removal of the condyles of the femur for genu 
valgum. 2. The fixation of displaced cartilages of 
the knee-joint by stitches. Antyllus' O., the 
ligation of an artery on both sides of an aneurysm, 
followed by evacuation of the contents through 
an incision. Appolito's O., enterorrhaphy by 
a right-angled continuous suture. Arlt's o., 
any one of several operations on the eye and the 
eyelid. Arlt-Jaesche's o., the transplantation 
of the ciliary bulbs from the edge of the lid for the 
cure of distichiasis. Armsby 'so., an operation for 
inguinal hernia, consisting of invagination of the 
sac and the introduction of a single thread as a 
seton through the sac and the inguinal canal. 
Asch's o., an operation for the correction of 
deflection of the nasal septum, consisting of making 
a crucial incision over the deflection, taking up the 
segments, reducing the deflection, and inserting a 
tube to keep the segments in place. Baccelli's 
O., introduction of a wire thread into the sac of 
an aneurysm. Badal's o., laceration of the 
infratrochlear nerve for the pain of glaucoma. 
Baker's o., removal of a transverse wedge from 
the posterior wall of the cervix uteri, done for the 
cure of anteflexion. Baldwin's o., formation of an 
artificial vagina by transplantation of a piece of the 
ileum between the bladder and the rectum. Ball's 
O. 1. Cure of inguinal hernia by an oblitera- 
tion of the sac, which is partially dissected 
out and then twisted around its own axis; 
the fundus is then cut off and the stump 
made fast in the ring. 2. A special method of iliac 
colotomy by incision in the left linea semilunaris, 
the gut being secured by clamps above and below 
the site for the artificial anus until after suturing 
and opening the bowel. 3. Cutting of the sen- 
sory nerve-trunks of the anus for the relief of 
pruritus ani. Bardenheuer's o., ligation 
of the innominate artery by partial bony re- 
section through transverse and vertical incisions. 
Barker's o. 1. An excision of the hip-joint by an 
anterior cut. 2. A special method of excising the 
astragalus by an incision extending from just above 
the external malleolus forward and inward to the 
dorsum of the foot. Barton's o., an operation 
for ankylosis consisting of sawing through the bone 
and removing a V-shaped piece. Barwell's O., 
a method of osteotomy for genu valgum by division 
of the upper end of the tibia below and the lower 
end of the tibia above their respective epiphyses. 
Bassini's o., a method for the radical cure of 
inguinal hernia. After twisting and removal of 
the sac, a layer is formed by stitching the edge of 
the rectus muscle to that of the internal oblique, 
and by fastening these to the transversalis muscle 
and its fascia and to Poupart's ligament. Over 
this pad the spermatic cord is placed, and then 
covered by the external oblique, which is stitched 
to Poupart's ligament. Bates' O., the division 
of a urethral stricture from within outward by 
means of a special form of urethrotome. Battey ' s 
O., normal ovariotomy, or the induction of the 
menopause by oophorectomy. Battle's o., an 
appendix operation in which temporary displace- 
ment of the rectus is done. Baudelocque's o., 
removal of the ovum in extra-uterine pregnancy 
by an incision through the posterior culde- 
sac of the vagina. Baum's O., the stretch- 
ing of the facial nerve by an incision below the 
ear. Baynton's o., application of adhesive 
straps and a bandage to indolent leg ulcers. Beat- 
OPERATION 
766 
son's o., ovariotomy in cases of inoperable cancer 
of the breast, on the theory that lack, of the internal 
secretion of the ovary will produce atrophy of the 
tumor Beer's o., a flap-method for cataract. 
Belfield's o., vasotomy. Belmas' o., introduc- 
tion of gold-beaters' skin into the neck of an ingui- 
nal hernia. Bennett's o., operation for varico- 
cele by partial excision of the pampiniform plexus, 
followed by suture of the divided ends of the plexus. 
Bent's o., a form of shoulder excision with flap 
taken from the deltoid region. Bergenhem's o., 
an operation for implanting the ureter into the rec- 
tum. Berger's O., interscapulothoracic amputa- 
tion. Best's O., subcutaneous suture of the ab- 
dominal ring for hernia. Bevan's o., an opera- 
tion for undescended testicle, by which the testicle 
is brought down permanently into the scrotum. 
Beyea's o., gastroplication. Bier's o. See 
Bier's amputation, under amputation. Bigelow's 
O., litholapaxy or rapid lithotrity. Billroth's O. 
i. Pylorectomy performed through a transverse in- 
cision. 2. Pylorogastrectomy with anterior gastro- 
enterostomy. 3. Excision of the tongue by making 
a transverse incision below the symphysis of the jaw 
and joining it by two incisions, one on each side., 
parallel to the body of the mandible, with pre- 
liminary ligation of the lingual arteries. B ircher ' S 
O., suturing together a portion of the anterior and 
posterior walls of a dilated stomach in order to re- 
duce its size. Bischoff's O., complete excision of 
the pregnant uterus through the abdomen. Bis- 
sell's O., excision of a section of the round 
and broad ligaments for uterine retroversion. 
Boari's o., transplantation of the vasa defer- 
entia so that they will empty into the urethra. 
Bobbs' o., cholecystotomy for the removal 
of gall-stones. Bobroff's o. 1. An osteo- 
plastic operation for spina bifida. 2. Exci- 
sion of the lining membrane of a cyst of the 
liver, followed by closure of abdomen without 
drainage. Bogue's o., multiple ligation of the 
veins with catgut in varicocele. Bohm's o., 
tenotomy of an ocular muscle for strabismus. 
Bonzel's O., iridodialysis performed with a hook 
inserted through a corneal incision. Borthen's 
O., iridotasis. Bose's O., a method of perform- 
ing tracheotomy. Bottini's o., the operation 
of making a channel through the prostate with 
the galvanocautery for the cure of prostatic en- 
largement. Bouilly's o., excision of a part 
of the mucous membrane of the neck of the 
uterus, preserving the mucous membrane of 
the sides: done for atresia of the cervix. 
Bozeman's o., hysterocystocleisis. Braque- 
haye's o., operation for vesicovaginal fistula by 
freshening and invaginating the mucous mem- 
brane of the vagina. Brasdor's o., distal 
ligation for aneurysm. Brewer's o., closure 
of wounds of arteries by application of a special 
rubber plaster. Bryant's o., lumbar colotomy 
by an oblique incision between the lowest rib and 
the crest of the ilium. Buck's o., cuneiform 
excision of the patella and the ends of the tibia and 
fibula. Burckhardt's o., incision into a retro- 
pharyngeal abscess from the outside of the neck, 
(von) Burow's o., a plastic operation for removal 
of tumors without scars. Buzzi's o., the crea- 
tion of an artificial pupil by a needle passed through 
the cornea. Caldwell-Luc o., the operation of 
opening into the antrum of Highmore by way of an 
incision into the supradental fossa opposite the 
second molar tooth. Callisen's o., lumbar colot- 
omy by a vertical incision. Calot 'SO., forcible re- 
duction of gibbus by stretching under narcosis, 
capital o., one that involves a risk of life. Car- 
nochan's o. 1. The ligation of a large artery for 
elephantiasis. 2. Removal of Meckel's ganglion 
and a considerable part of the fifth nerve for 
neuralgia; incision is made below the orbit, and the 
ganglion is reached by trephination through the 
maxillary antrum. Carpue's O., the Indian 
method of rhinoplasty. Carter's o. 1. Forma- 
tion of an artificial pupil by making a small opening 
OPERATION in the cornea and doing an iridotomy. 2. Con- 
struction of an artificial bridge of the nose by trans- 
planting a piece of bone from the rib. Cassel's o., 
excision of exostoses of the ear through the external 
auditory meatus by means of a gouge, celsian o. 
1. Perineal lithotomy. 2. Embryotomy by de- 
capitation. 3. Excision of epithelioma of the 
lip by a V-shaped incision. 4. Circular amputa- 
tion. Chaput's o., an operation for arti- 
ficial anus and for intestinal anastomosis. Cheev- 
er's O., complete tonsillectomy through the 
neck. Cheyne's o., a radical cure of fem- 
oral hernia by covering the orifice with a flap 
of the pectineus muscle. Chiazzi's o., epip- 
lopexy. Chiene's o. 1. The removal of a 
wedge from the inner condyle of the femur for the 
cure of knock-knee. 2. Exposure of the retro- 
pharyngeal space by lateral cervical incision along 
the posterior border of the sternomastoid. Cho- 
part's o. 1. See under amputation. 2. A plastic 
operation on the lip. Civiale's o. 1. Medio- 
bilateral lithotomy. 2. Lithotrity. Clark's o., a 
plastic operation for urethral fistula. Coakley's 
O., an operation for disease of the frontal sinus 
by incising through the cheek, removing the an- 
terior wall, and cureting away the mucous mem- 
brane. Cock's O., urethrotomy by a cut 
along the median line of the perineum. Codi- 
villa's O., an operation for pseudarthrosis by 
surrounding the pseudarthrosis with thin osteo- 
periosteal plates taken from the internal face of the 
tibia, o. of complaisance, an operation which 
need not be done immediately. Cooper's o., a 
method of tying the external iliac artery in a cut 
parallel with Poupart's ligament and 1 inch above it. 
Corradi's o. Same as Moore-Corradi's 0. cos- 
metic O., one intended to effect the removal of 
a deformity. Cotting 'so., operation for ingrow- 
ing toe-nail, consisting in cutting off the side of 
the toe down to and including the ingrowing 
edge of the nail. Crede's o., resection of the 
pubes, followed by hysterectomy. Crile and 
Matas' o., production of regional anesthesia by 
intraneural infiltration. Cripps' o., a method 
of colotomyin the iliac region. Critchett's o., 
excision of the anterior part of the eyeball. Cush- 
ing's O. 1. Exposure of the gasserian gang- 
lion and three divisions of the fifth nerve by 
the direct infra-arterial route. 2. A method 
of performing ureterorrhaphy without sup- 
port. Czerny's o., a method for the radi- 
cal cure of inguinal hernia. The sac is cut away 
after tying its neck with catgut; the stump is 
thrust into the abdominal cavity, and the wound 
closed with catgut sutures. Dallas' o., an 
operation for the obliteration of the canal of 
an inguinal or femoral hernia by the mechanic 
incitement of an inflammation Dana's o., re- 
section of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves 
to relieve pain, athetosis, spastic paralysis, etc. 
Davat's o., cure of varicocele by compressing 
the veins by acufilopressure. Daviel's o., ex- 
traction of cataract through a corneal incision 
without cutting the iris. Davies-Colley's o., 
the removal of a wedge of bone from the outer 
side of the tarsus for the correction of talipes, de 
Grandmont's o., an operation for ptosis of 
the lid. Delorme's o. Same as Fowler's 0. 
Delpech's o., ligation of the axillary artery 
between the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles. 
Del Toro's O., the destruction of the apex of a 
conic cornea by a white-hot knife. Denans' o., 
the joining of a divided intestine over metallic 
cylinders. Denonvillier's o., plastic correc- 
tion of a defective ala nasi by transferring a tri- 
angular flap from the side of the nose. Dieffen- 
bach's O. 1. Amputation at the hip by a circu- 
lar incision, with application of an elastic ligature, 
followed by removal of the ligature, securing of the 
vessels, and the making of an incision on the outer 
aspect from a point two inches above the great 
trochanter to the circular incision. 2. Plastic 
closure of triangular defects by displacing a quad- 
OPERATION 
767 
rangular flap toward one side of the triangle. 
Dittel's o., the enucleation of the lateral lobes 
of an enlarged prostate through an external in- 
cision. Doleris' O., for retrodeviation of the uterus 
by shortening the round ligaments and fixing 
them on either side by an opening in the rectus 
muscle just above the spine of the ilium. Dow- 
ell's O., the radical cure of hernia by thrust- 
ing the fundus of the sac into its neck and sutur- 
ing it there. Doyen's o., eversion of the sac 
for the relief of hydrocele. Dudley's o. i. 
A method of suturing a retroverted uterus to the 
round ligaments through an abdominal opening. 
2. Posterior sagittal incision of the cervix for the 
relief of dysmenorrhea and sterility. Duhrs- 
sen's o., vaginofixation of the uterus. Du- 
play's o., a designation for several plastic 
operations upon the congenitally deformed penis 
(epispadias and hypospadias). Dupuytren's o. 
See under amputation. Edebohls' o., decapsu- 
lation of the kidney for Bright's disease. Elliot's 
O., a method of trephining the sclerocornea for 
the relief of increased tension in glaucoma. Ely's 
O., skin-grafting performed on the granulating sur- 
faces in chronic suppurative otitis media. Em- 
met's O. i. A method of repairing a lacerated 
perineum. 2. Trachelorrhaphy, or suturation of 
the edges of a lacerated cervix uteri. 3. Artificially 
formed vesicovaginal fistula to secure drainage of 
the bladder in cystitis, equilibrating o., tenot- 
omy of the direct antagonist of a paralyzed eye 
muscle. Estlander's o., the resection of one 
or more ribs in empyema so as to allow the chest- 
wall to collapse and close the abnormal cavity. 
Everbusch's O., an operation for ptosis. 
Farabeuf's o., ischiopubiotomy. Fehling's 
O., operation for prolapse of the uterus by 
uniting with silver wire the edges of two denuded 
ovals on each side of the median line of the anterior 
vaginal wall. Fergusson's o., an operation for 
excising the maxilla. Finney's o., a method of 
performing gastroduodenostomy. Flajani's o., 
iridodialysis performed with a needle thrust through 
the cornea, flap o., amputation with the formation 
of flaps which are rounded over the end of the stump. 
Foerster's O. 1. The operation of cutting intra- 
durally the seventh, eighth, and ninth dorsal nerve- 
roots on both sides in locomotor ataxia. 2. An 
operation to produce rapid artificial ripening of 
cataract (1884). Fowler's o., decortication 
of the lung in empyema in order to allow the lung 
tissue to expand and fill the pleural space; 
pleurectomy. Franco's o., suprapubic cystot- 
omy. Frank's o., a method of performing gas- 
trostomy by forming a valve out of a cone of the 
stomach and suturing it to the incision in the chest- 
wall and inserting a tube. Franke's o., removal 
of the intercostal nerves for the visceral crises of 
tabes. Freund'S O. 1. See laparohysterectomy. 
2. Chondrotomy for congenital funnel breast. 
Freyer's o., a method of performing supra- 
pubic enucleation of the hypertrophied prostate. 
Friedrich's o., pleuropneumonolysis. From- 
mel's o., shortening of the uterosacral ligaments 
for retrodeviation. Frost-Lang O., insertion of 
a gold ball to take the place of an enucleated eye- 
ball. Fukala's o., removal of the lens of the eye 
for marked myopia. Galbaiti's o., ischiopubiot- 
omy performed on both sides with a chain-saw, the 
fetus being delivered with the forceps: employed in 
contracted pelvis. Gant's o., a division of the 
shaft of the femur below the lesser trochanter for 
ankylosis of the hip-joint. Gersuny's o., an 
operation for incontinence of feces, done by loosen- 
ing the rectum from its adhesions, twisting three- 
fourths of a turn on its long axis, and then suturing 
it in place. The name is also applied to a similar 
operation on the female urethra for incontinence 
of urine. Gifford's O., destruction of the lac- 
rimal sac by instilling trichloracetic acid into it. 
Gigli's O., lateral section of the os pubis for 
difficult labor. Gillespie's 6., excision of the 
wrist by a lengthwise dorsal incision between the 
OPERATION extensor communis and extensor medii digiti. 
Gilliam's o., an operation for retroversion of the 
uterus by drawing a loop of each round ligament 
through the abdominal wall and fixing the loops to 
the abdominal fascia. Gillies' o., operation for 
ectropion by forming the skin of the eyelids by 
an epithelial flap. Goffe's o., an operation for 
vaginal cystocele. Gottschalk's o., shortening 
of the uterosacral ligaments by the vaginal route. 
Grant's o., excision of tumors of the lip by re- 
moving a square block of tissue containing the tu- 
mor, and then making oblique incisions extending 
down and out from each angle of the wound. The 
triangular flaps thus formed are drawn toward 
the center and sutured. Gritti's o. See under 
amputation. Grossmann's o., treatment of reti- 
nal detachment by aspiration of the subretinal fluid 
and the slow injection of warm salt solution into 
the vitreous. Gussenbauer's o., the cutting 
of an esophageal stricture through an opening above 
the stricture. Guyon's o., amputation of the 
foot by an elliptic incision just above the malleoli. 
Hagner's o., drainage of gonorrheal epididymitis 
through an incision into the epididymis. Hahn's 
o. Same as Loreta's 0. (1). Halpin's o., 
extirpation of the lacrimal gland by a curved 
incision through the middle of the eyebrow. 
Halsted's o., a modification of Bassini's 0. 
Hancock's o. See under amputation. Handy- 
side's o., ovariotomy in which the ligatures of 
the pedicle are carried into the vagina through 
Douglas' pouch. Hartley-Krause o., excision 
of tbe gasserian ganglion and its roots to re- 
lieve facial neuralgia. Haynes's o., the operation 
of draining the cysterna magna for acute sup- 
purative meningitis. Heath's o., division of 
the ascending rami of the lower jaw with a saw 
for ankylosis: performed within the mouth. 
Heaton's O., an operation for inguinal hernia. 
Hegar's O., perineorrhaphy by denuding a 
triangular area on the center of the posterior 
wall of the vagina and suturing from above down- 
ward. Heine's o., cyclodialysis in glaucoma. 
Heineke's o., operation for cancer of the rec- 
tum by a T-shaped incision. Heineke-Mik- 
ulicz O., pyloroplasty; enlargement of the pyloric 
opening by an incision through its walls in a direc- 
tion parallel to the long axis of the stomach, and 
closure of this by suture at right angles to the 
original incision. Heisrath's o., excision of the 
tarsal folds for trachoma. Herbert's o., dis- 
placement of a wedge-shaped flap of sclera in order 
to form a filtering cicatrix in glaucoma. Hey's o. 
See under amputation. Hibbs' o., an operation 
for Pott's disease by fracturing the spinous proc- 
esses of the vertebrae and pressing the tip of each 
downward to rest in the denuded area caused by the 
fracture of its fellow below. Hochenegg's o., an 
operation for rectal cancer. Hoffa-Lorenz's o. 
Same as Lorenz's 0. Holmes'o., a method of excis- 
ing the os calcis by an incision along its upper bor- 
der and at tbe outer border of the foot to the calca- 
neocuboid joint, and another across the sole, the 
peroneal tendons being divided. Hotchkiss 'so., 
operation for epithelioma of the cheek, with resec- 
tion of part of the mandible and maxilla and plastic 
restoration of the defect from the tongue and side of 
the neck. Huguier's o., right lateral or lumbar 
colotomy. Hunter's o., ligation of an artery 
in the proximal side of an aneurysm and at a dis- 
tance from it. Indian o., the formation of an arti- 
ficial nose by a flap from the forehead, with its ped- 
icle at the root of the nose, interval o., an 
operation performed during the interval between 
two attacks of a disease, such as appendicitis. 
Italian o., the formation of an artificial nose by 
a flap from the arm, to which it remains attached 
until union has taken place. Called also taeliaco- 
iian 0. Jaboulay's o., interpelviabdominal 
amputation. Jansen's o., operation for disease 
of the frontal sinus by removing the lower wall and 
a part of the anterior wall and cureting away the 
mucous membrane. Jarvis' o., removal of the 
OPERATION 
768 
hypertrophied portion of the lower turbinated bone 
with a special wire-snare ecraseur (W. C. Jarvis, 
1880). Jobert's o., autoplastic closure of 
a vesicovaginal fistula. Joly's O., a method 
of total hysterectomy for prolapse of the uterus. 
Jonnesco's o., sympathectomy. Kader's o.( 
gastrostomy by which the feeding-tube is intro- 
duced through a valve-like flap which closes on 
withdrawal of the tube. Keegan's o., a modifica- 
tion of the Indian operation for forming an artificial 
nose: the flap is taken mainly from one side of the 
forehead. Keen's o., omphalectomy. Kehr's 
O., removal of the gall-bladder and cystic duct with 
drainage of the hepatic duct. Kehrer's o., 
an operation for depressed nipple, consisting 
of excision of a piece of the surrounding skin 
so as to set up cicatricial contraction. Key's o., 
the lateral operation for lithotomy done with a 
straight staff. Kilian's o., excision of the 
anterior wall of the frontal sinus, removal of the 
diseased tissue, and formation of a permanent com- 
munication with the nose. Kirmisson's o., 
transplantation of the tendo achillis to the pero- 
neus longus muscle in club-foot. Kirschner's 
O., treatment of hemorrhage from the spleen by 
suturing the rupture and covering it with omentum. 
Knapp's o., for cataract, by a peripheral 
opening in the capsule behind the iris, without 
iridectomy. Kocher's o. 1. A method of 
excising the ankle-joint by a cut below the outer 
malleolus, division of the peroneal tendons, 
removal of the diseased tissues, and sutura- 
tion of the divided tendons. 2. A method of re- 
moving the thyroid gland by one median incision 
and two lateral ones, the latter being carried upward 
almost to the angle of the jaw. 3. A method of 
reducing a subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus. 
4. Excision of the tongue through an incision ex- 
tending from the symphysis of the jaw to the hyoid 
bone and thence to the mastoid process. Kock's 
o., shortening of the base of the broad ligament 
by the vaginal route for uterine retroversion or 
prolapse. Koeberle's O. See Olshauseris 0. 
Kolomnin's o., cauterization of the diseased 
tissues in hip-joint disease by ignipuncture. 
Kondoleon o., treatment of elephantiasis by 
the removal of strips of subcutaneous tissue. 
Kbnig's o., operation for congenital dislocation 
of hip by reducing the dislocation and forming an 
edge on the upper border of the acetabulum by an 
osteoperiosteal flap from the ilium. Kraske 'so., 
removal of the coccyx and of a part of the sacrum 
for access to a carcinomatous rectum. Krause's 
O., extradural excision of the gasserian ganglion 
for trigeminal neuralgia. Krimer's o., urano- 
plasty in which mucoperiosteal flaps from each 
side of the palatal cleft are sutured together at 
the median line. Krbnlein's o. 1. Exposure of 
the third branch of the trigeminal nerve for facial 
neuralgia. 2. Resection of the outer wall of the 
orbit for the removal of an orbital tumor without 
excising the eye. Kuhnt's o., an operation for 
disease of the frontal sinus by removing the anterior 
wall of the sinus and cureting away the mucous 
membrane. Kuster's o., an operation for drain- 
ing the pus in mastoiditis by exposing the attic, an- 
trum, and tympanum. Labbe's o., gastrotomy 
in which a parietal incision is made along the mar- 
gin of the lowest left rib. Lagrange's o. See 
sclerecto-iridectomy. Lancereaux's o., treat- 
ment of aneurysm of the aorta by subcutaneous 
injections of gelatin. Landolt's o., the for- 
mation of a lower eyelid from materials taken 
from the upper lid. Lane's o., the operation of 
dividing the ileum near the cecum, closing the 
portion attached to the cecum, and anastomosing 
the other end with the upper part of the rectum or 
lower part of the sigmoid, thus eliminating the 
colon from taking any part in the fecal current. 
Lane-Lannelongue o., removal of portions of 
bone from the skull for cerebral decompression. 
Lange's O., artificial tendon transplantation with 
strands of silk. See silk implantation, under im- 
OPERATION OPERATION 
769 
OPERATION 
plantation. Lannelongue's o., a designa- 
tion of various methods of craniotomy in cases of 
microcephalus, etc. Lanz's o., an operation 
for elephantiasis of the leg in which strips of 
fascia lata are inserted into an opening made 
in the femur. Laroyenne's o., puncture 
of Douglas' pouch to secure drainage in pelvic 
suppuration. Larrey's o. See under am- 
putation. Laurens' o., a plastic operation for 
closure of a cicatricial opening following mastoid 
operation. Le Fort's o., the operation of unit- 
ing the anterior and posterior vaginal walls along 
the middle line for the repair of prolapse of the 
uterus. Lennander's o., removal of the 
inguinal glands, including those in the pelvis, as 
far as the bifurcation of the aorta. Lexer's 
O., removal of the gasserian ganglion. Lis- 
franc's o. See under amputation. Liston's 
O., an operation for excision of the upper jaw. 
Littre's o., a method of inguinal colotomy. 
The sigmoid flexure is opened on the left side, in a 
cut parallel to Poupart's ligament and half an 
inch above it. Lizar's o., excision of the upper 
jaw by a curved incision extending from the angle 
of the mouth to the malar bone. Longuet's o., 
extraserous transplantation of the testicle for 
varicocele and hydrocele. Lorenz's o., for 
congenital dislocation of the hip, consisting in re- 
duction of the dislocation, and keeping the head 
of the femur fixed against the rudimentary acetabu- 
lum until a socket is formed. Loreta'so. i.Gas- 
trotomy with divulsion of either orifice of the 
stomach for stenosis. 2. The insertion of a wire 
into an aneurysm, followed by electrolysis. Los- 
sen's o., removal of the second division of the 
fifth nerve by a method in which the masseter is not 
divided. Luc's o. See Caldwell-Luc 0. Lund's 
O., removal of the astragalus for the correction of 
talipes MacDowell's o., the removal of an 
ovarian cyst or of an ovary by abdominal section. 
Macewen's o. 1. The scarification of the inte- 
rior of an aneurysmal sac with a needle. 2. Supra- 
condyloid division of the femur from within for 
genu valgum. 3. An operation for the radical cure 
of hernia by closing the internal ring by a pad 
made of the hernial sac. Mackenrodt's o., 
vaginal fixation of the round ligaments for retro- 
displacement of the uterus. Madelung's o., 
lumbar colotomy in which the distal end of the 
colon is detached, and then closed by invagina- 
tion and by two rows of stitches, magnet o., 
removal of a fragment of steel or iron from the 
eyeball by means of a powerful magnet, ma- 
jor o., a surgical procedure which involves a risk 
of life. Makka's o., an operation for ectopia of 
the bladder in which the cecum is utilized as a 
bladder and the appendix as a ureter. Marck- 
wald's o., excision of two wedge-shaped pieces 
from opposite sides of the vaginal portion of 
the cervix uteri for stenosis of the external os 
uteri. Marian's o., a perineal median opera- 
tion for stone in the bladder. Marwedel's 
O., a method of gastrotomy similar to Witzel's 0. 
mastoid o. Same as mastoidotomy. Matas' o. 
See endo-aneurysmorrhaphy. Maydl'so. 1. Colos- 
tomy in which the colon is exposed and drawn 
out of the wound, being kept in place until adhe- 
sions have been formed by means of a glass rod 
placed beneath it. 2. Insertion of the ureters into 
the rectum for exstrophy of the bladder. Mayo's 
O. 1. Excision of more or less of the pyloric end 
of the stomach, followed by closure of the proxi- 
mal end of the duodenum and the making of an 
independent posterior gastrojejunostomy. 2. For 
radical cure of umbilical hernia by excision of the 
hernial mass and overlapping the abdominal 
aponeuroses transversely and suturing them. 
3. Subcutaneous treatment of varicose veins with a 
blunt curet. McArthur's o., catheterization 
of the common bile-duct for making effusions 
into the duodenum. McBurney's o., an opera- 
tion for the radical cure of inguinal hernia: the 
sac is exposed, ligated, and cut off at the in- 
ternal ring; the skin is turned in and stitched 
to the underlying tendinous and ligamentous 
structures. McGill's o., suprapubic pros- 
tatectomy. Meller's o., an operation for ex- 
cision of the tear-sac. Mercier's o., prostatec- 
tomy. Mikulicz's O. i. Removal of the ster- 
nocleidomastoid muscle for torticollis. 2. See 
Heineke-Mikulicz 0. 3. Tarsectomy in which the 
heel, os calcis, and astragalus are removed, the 
articular surfaces of the tibia, fibula, cuboid, and 
scaphoid are sawn away, and the foot brought 
into line with the leg. Same as Wladimiroff s 0. 
Mingazzini-Foerster o. Same as Foerster's 0. 
minor o., a surgical operation which is not serious 
in its extent or severity. Moore's o., introduc- 
tion of a coil of small wire into the sac of an aortic 
aneurysm to effect coagulation. Moore-Corradi 
O., Moore operation in which a strong galvanic 
current is passed through the wire. Mores- 
tin's O., disarticulation of the knee with intracon- 
dyloid division of the femur. Morischi's 
o., circumcision of the leg for varicose veins. 
Moschcowitz's O., a femoral hernia operation 
by the inguinal route. Motais' o., an opera- 
tion for ptosis, consisting of transplanting the 
middle portion of the tendon of the superior 
rectus muscle of the eyeball into the upper lid. 
Mules' O., evisceration of the eyeball, with 
insertion of an artificial vitreous. Muller's 
O. 1. A method of vaginal hysterectomy: the 
uterus is split into lateral halves, which are brought 
down in succession and removed. 2. Cesarean 
section in which the uterus is lifted out of the 
abdomen and then opened. 3. Resection of the 
sclera for detachment of the retina. Nebinger- 
Praun's o., an operation for disease of the frontal 
sinus. Nelaton's O., excision of the shoulder- 
joint by a transverse incision. Neuber's o., the 
operation of filling a cavity in bone with skin-flaps 
taken from the sides of the wound. Oberst's o., 
an operation for ascites in which a flap of skin from 
the abdomen is buried so that the end projects into 
the abdomen, thus providing drainage. Ogston's 
0. 1. Removal of the inner condyle of the femur for 
knock-knee. 2. Excision of the wedge of the tarsus 
for the purpose of restoring the arch in flat-foot. 
Olshausen's o., the operation of fixing or sutur- 
ing the uterus to the abdominal wall for the cure of 
retroversion. Called also Koeberle's o. open o., 
an operation in which the parts operated on are 
exposed to the air. Ord's o., an operation 
for breaking up fresh adhesions in joints. Pad's 
o., a modification of Lorenz's bloodless opera- 
tion for congenital dislocation of the hip. pal- 
liative O., one which aims simply to relieve 
untoward symptoms. Panas' o. 1. Linear 
proctotomy. 2. The attachment of the upper 
eyelid to the occipitofrontalis muscle for pto- 
sis. Pean's o. 1. Vaginal hysterectomy bit by 
bit. 2. Laparotomy for uterine fibroids. 3. Hip- 
joint amputation in which the vessels are ligated as 
the operation goes on. Perier's o., eversion of the 
uterus and amputation by an elastic ligature. 
Petersen's O., a modification of high lithotomy. 
Phelps' O., for talipes: an open and direct 
incision through the sole and inner side of the 
foot. Physick's O., the removal of a circu- 
lar piece of the iris by means of a cutting for- 
ceps. Pirogoff's o. 1. See under ampu- 
tation. 2. An operation for hernia by inserting 
a bag of gold-beaters' skin into the sac and allow- 
ing it to remain. Pitts' O., the stretching of 
the inferior dental nerve in an incision within the 
mouth, along the inner border of the ascending 
ramus of the lower jaw. plastic o., one in which 
the shape of a part or the character of its cover- 
ing is altered by transplantation of tissue, etc. 
Politzer's o. 1. The creation of an artificial 
opening in the membrana tympani by incision 
and galvanocautery. 2. Division of the anterior 
ligament of the malleus. Pollock's o., amputa- 
tion at the knee-joint by a long anterior and 
short posterior flap, the patella being left. Polya's OPERATION 
770 
OPERATION 
O., gastrojejunostomy following pylorectomy. 
Ponset's o. 1. Lengthening of Achilles' tendon 
for talipes equinus. 2. Perineotomy. 3. Perineal 
urethrostomy. Porro's O., cesarean section fol- 
lowed by removal of the uterus, ovaries, and ovi- 
ducts. Porro-Miiller's o., cesarean section in 
which the uterus is lifted from the abdominal cavity 
before the fetus is extracted. Porro-Veit's o., 
cesarean section by Porro's method, in which the 
stump is ligated and returned to its place. Pow- 
er's O., removal of a corneal leukoma, followed 
by the insertion of a rabbit's cornea. Pozzi's o., 
the operation of creating and suturing an artificial 
bilateral laceration of the cervix uteri for the relief 
of anteflexion. Prevot's o., the removal by an 
abdominal incision of a uterus ruptured in labor. 
Quaglino's O., sclerotomy done with a small knife 
and a spatula. Quenu's o. Same as quenu- 
thoracoplasty. Quenu-Mayo o., excision of the 
rectum, together with the neighboring lymph- 
glands, for cancer, radical o., one which is in- 
tended to extirpate the disease completely. 
Rammstedt's o., operation for congenital steno- 
sis of the pylorus by a transverse incision through 
the thickened serosa and muscularis down to, but 
not through, the mucosa. Ramsden's o., the ty- 
ing of the subclavian arteries at a point one-half 
inch above the clavicle in a transverse cut three 
inches long in the posterior triangle of the neck. 
Ransohoff's o., the making of several cross in- 
cisions of the pleura for empyema. Recamier's 
O., curetment of the uterus. Reclus' O., making 
of an artificial anus in the iliac region in cancer of 
the rectum. Reed's o., an operation for tubo- 
ovarian varicocele, consisting in ligating the veins 
in sections. Regnoli's o., excision of the tongue 
through a median opening below the lower jaw, 
reaching from the chin to the hyoid bone. Rever- 
din's o., a process of skin-grafting. Ridell's o., 
excision of the anterior and inferior walls of the 
frontal sinus for chronic inflammation. Rigaud's 
O., a plastic operation for urethral fistula: a 
square flap is taken from below the fistula, turned 
over it, and reinforced by flaps from each side. 
Roberts' o., a method of correcting a deflected 
nasal septum. The deflection is corrected by 
manipulation in a linear incision, after which a 
steel pin is introduced to hold the septum in place. 
Robinson's o., section of the veins between 
two ligatures for varicose veins. Rodman's o., a 
method of excising tbe breast with wide dissection 
of the lymphatics for cancer. Rose's O., removal 
of the gasserian ganglion; gasserectomy. Rouge ' S 
O., a method of opening the nasal sinuses by free- 
ing the upper lip and the nasal cartilages from 
the maxilla. Routier's o., a method of operat- 
ing for Dupuytren's contraction. Routte's o.,. 
venoperitoneostomy; the operation of suturing the 
saphenous vein so that it will open into the per- 
itoneal cavity, so as to drain that cavity in cases 
of ascites with cirrhosis of the liver. Roux's 
O., cutting of the maxilla in the middle line in 
the operation for removal of the tongue. Rov- 
sing's O., an operation for gastrocoloptosis. 
Ruggi's O., gastrojejunostomy, with a double 
opening between the jejunum and stomach. 
Rydygier's o., a method for excision of the 
rectum in which the bowel is reached by dividing 
the sacrum and turning it back; the portion turned 
back is replaced after the operation. Saemisch's 
O., transfixion of the cornea and of the base of the 
ulcer for the cure of hypopyon. Sanger's o., 
cesarean section in which the uterus is taken out 
through a long abdominal cut before the fetus is 
removed. Sayre's o., the application of a plas- 
ter-of-Paris jacket in the treatment of spondylitis 
and Pott's disease. Scanzoni's o., pulling the 
occiput to an anterior position with the forceps to 
hasten delivery. Scarpa's o., the tying of the fem- 
oral artery in Scarpa's triangle. Schauta's o., 
extended vaginal hysterectomy for cancer of the 
cervix uteri. Schauta-Wertheim's o. See 
Wertheim-Schauta's 0. Schede's o. 1. Resec- 
tion of the thorax for chronic emphysema. 2. 
An operation for varicose veins of the leg: done 
by a circular incision, rolling one cuff up and an- 
other down, so as to reach and remove the varices. 
3. Excision of the necrosed part of a bone, allowing 
the cavity to fill with blood, which clots and even- 
tually becomes organized. Schiassi's o. 1. 
Formation of a collateral circulation for the por- 
tal blood by making an omental anastomosis. 
2. Treatment of varicose veins of the leg by in- 
jecting into the vein an aqueous solution of iodin 
made of 1 gm. of iodin, 1.1 gm. potassium iodid, 
and 100 gm. distilled water, the object being to 
produce adhesion of the internal surfaces of the 
veins. Schlatter's o., total excision of the 
stomach for cancer. Schmalz's o., the in- 
troduction of a thread into the lacrimal duct for 
the cure of stricture. Schonbein's o., staphylo- 
plasty in which a flap of mucous membrane from 
the posterior wall of the pharynx is stitched to the 
velum palati, shutting off the nose from the mouth. 
Schroder's o., a method of colporrhaphy; also 
one for trachelorrhaphy; also one for the removal 
of the uterus by celiotomy; also excision of the 
mucous membrane of the cervix uteri for chronic 
endometritis. Schii eking o., a special method 
of vaginal hysteropexy for prolapsed uterus. 
Schuschardt's o., paravaginal hysterectomy. 
Schwartze's O., the opening of the mastoid 
cells with a hammer and chisel in disease of the 
middle ear. Sedillot's o. 1. A method of 
staphylorrhaphy. 2. A flap-operation for restoring 
■ the upper lip. 3. A method of ligating the in- 
nominate artery. Senn's o., intestinal anasto- 
mosis by lateral approximation and the use of 
bone-plates. Siebold's o., hebotomy. Si- 
gault's o., delivery of the fetus by sym- 
physiotomy in cases of contracted pelvic outlet. 
Simon's o. 1. [John Simon.] Repair of lacer- 
ated perineum by suturing the vaginal mucous 
membrane first and the cutaneous surface after- 
ward. 2. [Gustav Simon] Colpocleisis. Called also 
Marckivald's operation. Smith's o. 1. The 
crushing of hemorrhoids by means of clamps, 
and subsequent application of the Paquelin 
cautery. 2. Extraction of an immature cataract 
with an intact capsule. Socin's o., enucleation 
of a goitrous or thyroidal tumor from the healthy 
part of the gland to avoid cachexia strumipriva. 
Sonneberg's o., excision of the inferior maxillary 
nerve by deep dissection beneath the angle of the 
jaw. Sotteau's o., the closure of the inguinal 
canal for hernia by a double fold of the scrotum. 
Spinelli's o., the operation of splitting the an- 
terior wall of the prolapsed uterus, reversing 
the organ, and restoring it to the correct position. 
Ssabanajew-Frank's o. See Frank's o. 
Stacke's o., the removal of the mastoid and the 
contents of the tympanum, so that the antrum, 
attic, tympanum, and meatus form a single cavity. 
Steinach o., ligation of the vas deferens with 
resection of a portion of the vas; done with a view 
to rejuvenating the patient by causing atrophy of 
the spermatogenic apparatus and proliferation of 
the interstitial tissue of the testicle, and thus 
increasing the patient's output of gonadal hormone. 
Stokes' o., amputation through the articular end 
of the femur. Stoltz's o., operation for cysto- 
cele, done by denuding a patch on the anterior 
vaginal wall and running a purse-string suture 
around the edge. Stromeyer-Little's o., for 
abscess of the liver; the pus is located by a can- 
nula and the abscess opened by a knife follow- 
ing the cannula as a guide, subcutaneous 
O., an operation on a part without opening 
the skin over it. Surmay's o., jejunosto- 
my. Syme's o. 1. See under amputation. 2. 
A method of external urethrotomy, tagliaco- 
tian o. See Italian 0. Tait's o., for lacerated 
perineum: the laceration is closed by two flaps 
taken from either side. Talma 'so., the operation 
of forming artificial adhesions between the liver and 
spleen and the omentum and abdominal wall in cases of ascites due to cirrhosis of the liver. Tan- 
sini's o. i. Amputation of the breast with all the 
skin over it, the denuded area being covered by a 
flap from the back. 2. A method of removing a 
cyst of the liver. Teale's o. See under ampu- 
tation. Terrillon's o., excision of hydatids by 
constriction with elastic ligatures. Textor's o., 
excision of the knee-joint by a transverse curved 
anterior cut. Thiersch's o., a method of pre- 
paring skin-grafts by means of a razor. Thomas' 
O., laparo-elytrotomy: the removal of the fetus by 
an opening in the abdominal wall and in the vagina 
without wounding the uterus. Toti's o., the 
operation of causing the tear-sac to open into the 
nasal cavity: dacryocystorhinostomy. Trendel- 
enburg's O. 1. Excision of varicose veins. 2. 
Ligation of the great saphenous vein for varicose 
veins. 3. Synchondroseotomy. Treves' o., oper- 
ation for Pott's disease by opening the abscess 
through the loin, irrigating and cureting the sac, 
and scraping away dead bone. Tuffier's o., 
vaginal hysterectomy in which the broad ligaments 
are treated by angiotripsy without ligation, van 
Buren's o., the treatment of prolapsus ani 
with the Paquelin cautery, van Hook's o., 
uretero-ureterostomy. Veit's o. See Porro- 
Veit 0. Verhoeff's o., posterior sclerotomy fol- 
lowed by electrolytic punctures, for detachment of 
the retina. Vermale 'so., amputation by double- 
flap transfixion. Verneuil's o., iliac colotomy 
by a nearly vertical cut: the exposed gut is pinned 
to the edges of the wound and stitched there, 
after which the protruding knuckle of the bowel 
is cut off. Vicq d'Azyr's o., cricothyroid 
laryngotomy. Vidal's o., subcutaneous ligation 
of the veins for varicocele. Volkmann's 
O., incision of the tunica vaginalis for hydro- 
cele. von Bergmann's o., incision of the 
tunica vaginalis, with removal of its parietal 
layer, performed for hydrocele, von Graefe's o., 
removal of the cataractous lens by a scleral cut, 
with laceration of the capsule and iridectomy, 
von Hacker's o., an operation for balanitic 
hypospadias. Wagner's o., osteoplastic resec- 
tion of the skull. War drop's o., distal ligation 
of an artery for aneurysm. Watkins' o., an 
operation for prolapse and procidentia uteri in 
which the bladder is separated from the anterior 
wall of the uterus so that the uterus is left in a 
position to support the entire bladder. Web- 
ster's O., for retrodisplacement of the uterus: 
the round ligaments are passed through the per- 
forated broad ligaments and fixed to the back of 
the uterus. Weir's o., appendicostomy. Wert- 
heim's O. 1. An operation for cancer of the 
uterus in which there is removed with the uterus 
as much of the parametrial tissue as possible and 
a wide margin of the vagina. 2. A modification of 
Watkin's operation for uterine prolapse in which 
the bladder is stitched to the posterior wall of the 
uterus at the level of the internal os; in closing the 
vaginal wound a portion of the anterior uterine 
wall is left exposed in the vagina. Wertheim- 
Schauta's O., an operation for cystocele, con- 
sisting in the interposition of the uterus between 
the base of the bladder and the anterior vaginal 
wall. Wheelhouse's o., a method of perineal 
section for impermeable stricture of the urethra. 
White's O., castration for hypertrophy of the 
prostate. Whitehead's o. 1. Treatment of 
hemorrhoids by excision. 2. Removal of the 
tongue with the scissors, the operation being per- 
formed within the mouth. Whitman's o., a 
method of astragalectomy. Wieting's o., 
anastomosis of the femoral vein to the femoral 
artery for the relief of arteriosclerotic gangrene. 
Wilms' o., resection of the ribs so as to produce 
depression of the chest-wall and compression of the 
lungs thereby: done in tuberculosis of the lungs. 
Winiwarter's o., cholecystenterostomy. Wit- 
zel's o., gastrotomy by drawing a cone of the 
stomach-wall through a thoracic incision, and 
inserting a tube which is buried in the stomach- 
OPERATION 
771 
wall by sutures. The stomach cone is replaced 
and the wound sutured. Wladimirofl's 
O., a method of tarsectomy. Same as Miku- 
licz's o. Wblfler's o., the formation of a 
permanent opening between the stomach and 
lower part of the duodenum in cases of obstructed 
pylorus. Wood's o. i. Closure of exstrophy 
of the bladder by a flap of skin cut from 
the abdominal wall and turned over so that the 
cutaneous surface forms the inner wall of the 
bladder. 2. The closure of a hernial canal by sub- 
cutaneous sutures through the tendinous tissues 
surrounding it. Wiitzer's o., a process for the 
radical cure of inguinal hernia by stopping up the 
hernial canal by invaginating the scrotum. Wy- 
eth's O., amputation at the hip-joint, hemorrhage 
being controlled by an elastic cord or tube fastened 
above large needles which transfix the tissues on 
each side of the articulation. Wylie's o. 1. 
Operation of shortening the round ligaments for 
the relief of uterine retroflexion, done by folding 
the ligaments on themselves and suturing. 2. An 
operation for appendicitis by pulling aside the 
rectus, incising its posterior sheath, and making a 
small incision through the peritoneum. Yank- 
auer's o., curetment of the bony end of the 
eustachian tube for the purpose of shutting off in- 
fection from the nasopharynx and thereby curing 
chronic suppuration of the middle ear. Young's 
O., total excision of the seminal vesicles and partial 
excision of the ejaculatory ducts by a suprapubic 
T-shaped incision. Ziegler's o., V-shaped 
iridectomy for forming artificial pupil. 
operative (op'er-a-tiv) [L. operati'vus}. 1. Per- 
taining to an operation. 2. Effective; not inert. 
opercular (o-per'ku-lar). Pertaining to an oper- 
culum. 
operculum (o-per'ku-lum) [L.]. 1. Any lid or 
cover. 2. [B N A]. The part of the cerebrum above 
the insula, or island of Reil. Called also o. insula. 
3. A plug of mucus that shuts off the contents 
of the gravid uterus from the vagina. Arnold's 
O., the operculum of the island of Reil. Bur- 
dach's o., the operculum insulae, frontoparie- 
tal o., the operculum formed by parts of the fron- 
tal and parietal lobes, occipital o., a part of the 
occipital lobe of the brain separated from the main 
portion by the ape fissure, orbital o., that part 
of the operculum formed by the orbital surface of 
the frontal lobe. 
ophiasis (o-fi'as-is) [Gr. o<plaaLs; 6<pis snake]. Bald- 
ness in one or more winding streaks across the 
head. 
ophidiophobia (o-fid"e-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. d<pl8iov 
serpent + (po^os fear]. A morbid dread of snakes. 
ophidism (o'fid-izm) [Gr. 6<pis snake]. Poisoning 
by snake venom. 
Ophioph'agus e'laps. The largest variety of 
Indian cobra. 
ophiotoxemia (o"fe-o-tok-se'me-ah) [Gr. o^is 
• snake + toxemia]. Poisoning by snake venom. 
ophiotoxin (o-fe-o-toks'in) [Gr. b<pis snake + to^i- 
kov poison]. A non-protein nitrogen-free poison 
found in cobra venom. 
ophioxylin (o-fe-oks'il-in). An anthelmintic and 
a cathartic principle, C]6H13OB, from the root of 
Ophiox'ylon (Rauvol'jtd) serpenti'num, an apocyna- 
ceous plant of southern Asia. 
ophitoxemia (o"fe-tok-se'me-ah). Ophiotoxemia. 
ophritis, ophryitis (of-ri'tis, of-re-i'tis) [Gr. 
o<ppvs eyebrow + -itis]. Dermatitis in the eye- 
brow region. 
ophryon (o'fre-on) [Gr. b<ppvs eyebrow]. The 
middle point of the transverse supra-orbital line. 
ophryosis (of-re-o'sis) [Gr. b<ppvs eyebrow]. Spasm 
of the eyebrow. 
ophthalmagra (of-thal-mag'rah) [Gr. b<pf)a\pbs 
eye + ay pa seizure]. Sudden pain in the eye. 
ophthalmalgia (of-thal-mal'je-ah) [Gr. b<p0a\pbs 
eye + aXyos pain]. Pain in the eye. 
OPHTHALMALGIA ophthalmatrophia (of"thal-mat-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. 
b<p0aXpbs eye + arpotpia atrophy]. Atrophy of 
the eye. 
ophthalmectomy (of-thal-mek'to-me) [Gr. b<p0aX- 
pbs eye + eKTopy excision]. The surgical removal 
of an eye. 
ophthalmencephalon (of-thal-men-sef'al-on) [Gr. 
bipOaXpbs eye + eyKe<paXov brain]. The retina, 
optic nerve, and visual apparatus of the brain. 
ophthalmia (of-thal'me-ah) [Gr. from b<p0aXpos 
. eye]. Severe inflammation of the eye or of the 
conjunctiva, catarrhal o., a severe form of 
simple conjunctivitis, caterpillar o., inflamma- 
tion of the conjunctiva and cornea, due to pene- 
tration by caterpillars' hairs, o. eczemato'sa, 
phlyctenulosis. Egyptian o. See trachoma. 
electric o., conjunctivitis due to the effect 
of bright electric light. o. exter'na, paral- 
ysis of the extrinsic or external ocular muscles, 
gonorrheal o., acute and severe purulent con- 
junctivitis due to gonorrheal infection, granu- 
lar o., an acute and severe form of purulent 
conjunctivitis, jequirity o., a form due to 
poisoning by jequirity. metastatic o., cho- 
ro ditis due to metastasis or to pyemia, mi- 
gratory o. Same as sympathetic o. mu- 
cous o. Same as catarrhal o. o. neona- 
to'rum, purulent blennorrhea of the new-born, 
neuroparalytic o., keratitis due to lesion of 
branches of the fifth nerve or of the gasserian 
ganglion. O. nodo sa, inflammation of the con- 
junctiva produced by caterpillar hairs, and marked 
by the formation of a round, gray swelling where 
each hair is embedded, phlyctenular o., a 
form of conjunctivitis and keratitis with vesicles 
On the epithelium, purulent o., a form with a 
purulent discharge, commonly due to gonorrheal 
infection, scrofulous O., phlyctenular con- 
junctivitis. spring o., a variety chiefly prevail- 
ing in the spring of the year, sympathetic o., 
iridocyclitis following disease or injury of the fellow- 
eye. transferred o. Same as sympathetic o. 
varicose o., a variety associated with varicosity 
of the veins of the conjunctiva. 
ophthalmiac (of-thal'me-ak). A person affected 
with ophthalmia. 
ophthalmiatrics (of"thal-me-at'riks) [Gr. b<p0aX- 
pbs eye + larpela treatment]. The treatment of 
eye diseases. 
ophthalmic (of-thal'mik) [Gr. 6<p0aXM«6s]. Per- 
taining to the eye. 
ophthalmin (of-thal'min). The virus of purulent 
ophthalmia. 
ophthalmitic (of-thal-mit'ik). Pertaining to oph- 
thalmitis. 
ophthalmitis (of-thal-mi'tis) [Gr. b<p0aXpos eye]. 
Inflammation of the eye. 
ophthalmo- [Gr. 6<p0aXpbs eye]. A prefix de- 
noting some relation to the eye. 
ophthalmoblennorrhea (of-thal"mo-blen-or-e'; 
ah) [Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye + flXtvva mucus + pota 
flow]. Gonorrheal or purulent ophthalmia. 
ophthalmocarcinoma (of-thal"mo-kar-sin-o'- 
mah). Carcinoma of the eyeball. 
ophthalmocele (of-thal'mo-sel) [Gr. btpOaXpbs eye 
. + KyXy tumor]. Same as exophthalmos. 
ophthalmocopia (of-thal-mo-ko'pe-ah) [Gr. bp0aX- 
pbs eye + kotos weariness]. Asthenopia, or eye- 
strain; fatigue of the eyes. 
ophthalmodesmitis (of-thal"mo-dez-mi'tis) [Gr. 
6<p0aXpbs eye + beapbs ligament + -ins inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the ocular tendons. 
ophthalmodiagnosis (of-thal/zmo-di-ag-no'sis). 
Diagnosis by the aid of the ophthalmic reaction. 
See under reaction. 
ophthalmodiaphanoscope (of-thal"mo-di-af- 
an'o-skop) [Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye + diaphanoscope]. 
An instrument for examining the back of the eye 
(retina) by transillumination through the buccal 
cavity. c 
OPHTHALMATROPHIA 
772 
ophthalmodiastimeter (of-thal"mo-di-as-tim'et- 
er) [Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye + Siaari/ga intervalsperpov 
measure]. An instrument for determining the 
proper distance at which to place lenses for the 
two eyes. 
ophthalmodonesis (of-thal"mo-don-e'sis) [Gr. 
by>0aXpbs eye + So^cris trembling], A trembling 
motion of the eyes. 
ophthalmodynamometer (of-thal"mo-di-nam- 
om'et-er). An instrument for determining the 
near-point of convergence. 
ophthalmodynia (of-thal-mo-din'e-ah) [Gr. bp0a\- 
pbs eye + bivvy pain]. Pain in the eye. 
ophthalmofundoscope (of-thal-mo-fun'do-skop). 
An apparatus for observing the fundus of the eye. 
ophthalmography (of-thal-mog'raf-e) [Gr. byBaX- 
pbs eye + ypaipeiv to write]. Description of the 
eyes. 
ophthalmogyric (of-thal-mo-ji'rik) [Gr. o^aX/ios 
eye + L. gy'rus a turn]. Oculogyric. 
Ophthalmol (of-thal'mol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion for use locally in granular lids. 
ophthalmoleukoscope (of-thal"mo-lu'ko-skop) 
[Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye + XevKos white + aKoiceiv to 
view]. An apparatus for testing color-perception 
by means of colors produced by polarized light. 
ophthalmolith (of-thal'mo-lith) [Gr. bybaXpbs eye 
+ Xi0os stone]. A lacrimal calculus. 
ophthalmologist (of-thal-mol'o-jist). One who is 
versed or expert in ophthalmology. 
ophthalmology (of-thal-mol'o-je) [Gr. b<p0aXpbs 
eye + Xoyos discourse]. The sum of knowledge 
concerning the eye and its diseases. 
ophthalmomalac ia (of-thal"mo-ma-la,se-ah) 
[Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye + pa.Xa.Kla softness]. Abnormal 
softness and shrinkage of the eye, with less than 
the normal tension; essential phthisis of the eye. 
ophthalmometer (of-thal-mom'et-er) [Gr. bpOaX- 
juos eye + perpov measure]. Any instrument for 
measuring the eye, especially one for determining 
its refractive powers and defects by measuring the 
size of the images reflected from the cornea and 
lens. Called also J aval's o. 
ophthalmometroscope (of-thal-mo-met'ro-skop). 
An ophthalmoscope with an attachment for measur- 
ing the refraction of the eye. 
ophthalmometry (of-thal-mom'et-re). Determin- 
ation of the refractive powers and defects of the eye. 
ophthalmomycosis (of-thal"mo-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. 
bipOaXpbs eye 4- pvK-qs fungus]. Any disease of the 
eye caused by a fungus. 
ophthalmomyitis (of-thal"mo-mi-i'tis) [Gr. 
o<p0aXpbs eye + pvs muscle + -iris inflamma- 
tion], Inflammation of the muscles that move the 
eyeball. 
ophthalmomyositis (of-thal"mo-mi-o-si'tis). In- 
flammation of the eye muscles. 
ophthalmomyotomy (of-thal"mo-mi-ot'o-me) 
[Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye + myotomy], Surgical division 
of the muscles of the eye. 
ophthalmoneuritis (of-thal"mo-nu-ri'tis). In- 
flammation of the ophthalmic nerve. 
ophthalmopathy (of-thal-mop'ath-e) [Gr. b<p0aX- 
pbs eye + iraOos disease]. Any disease of the eye. 
external o., any affection of the eyelids, cornea, 
conjunctiva, or eye muscles, internal o., any 
affection of the deep or more essential parts of the 
eye. 
ophthalmophacometer, ophthalmophakom- 
eter (of-thal"mo-fak-om'et-er) [Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye 
+ <paKos lens + perpov measure]. A kind of 
ophthalmometer for measuring the two surfaces of 
the lens and the posterior surface of the cornea. 
ophthalmophantom (of-thal-mo-fan'tom). A 
model of the eye used in demonstration; or an 
apparatus for holding animals' eyes for operation. 
ophthalmophlebotomy (of-thal"mo-fleb-ot'o- 
me) [Gr. b<p0aXpbs eye + phlebotomy]. Phle- 
OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOMY 773 
botomy to relieve congestion of the conjunctival 
veins. 
ophthalmophthisis (of-thal-mofthis-is) [Gr. 
otpOaXpos eye + ipdlacs wasting]. Phthisis bulbi, 
or ophthalmomalacia; shriveling of the eyeball. 
ophthalmoplasty (of-thal'mo-plas-te) [Gr. bpdaX- 
pos eye + TrXaa<rei.v to mold]. Plastic surgery 
of the eye or of its appendages. 
ophthalmoplegia (of-thal-mo-ple'je-ah) [Gr. 
bipOaXpbs eye + irX^yi] stroke]. Paralysis of the 
eye muscles, basal o., ophthalmoplegia due to a 
lesion at the base of the brain, o. exter'na, 
paralysis of the external ocular muscles, fas- 
cicular O., ophthalmoplegia due to lesion in the 
pons varolii. infectious o. See encephalitis 
lethargica. o. inter'na, paralysis of the iris 
and ciliary apparatus, nuclear o., that which is 
due to some lesion of the nuclei of the motor nerves 
of the eye. orbital o., ophthalmoplegia due to 
lesion in the orbit. Parinaud's o., paralysis of 
the external rectus muscle of one eye, together with 
spasm of the internal rectus of the other. O. 
partia'lis, paralysis of either one or two of the 
muscles of the eye. o. progressi'va, gradual 
paralysis affecting first one eye muscle and then 
another. Sauvineau's o., paralysis of the in- 
ternal rectus of one eye and spasm of the external 
rectus of the other, o. tota'lis, that which affects 
both the extrinsic and the intrinsic muscular ap- 
paratus of the eye. 
ophthalmoplegic (of-thal-mo-ple'jik). Pertaining 
to ophthalmoplegia. 
ophthalmoptosis (of-thal-mop-to'sis) [Gr. 6^0aX- 
pbs eye + irraxris fall]. Same as exophthalmos. 
ophthalmo-reaction (of-thal"mo-re-ak'shun). 
See ophthalmic reaction, under reaction. 
ophthalmorrhagia (of-thal-mo-ra'je-ah) [Gr. 
6<p0aXpbs eye + p-qyvwai to burst forth]. Hemor- 
rhage from the eye. 
ophthalmorrhea (of-thal-mo-re'ah) [Gr. b<p0aXp6s 
eye + pola flow]. Oozing of blood from the eye. 
ophthalmorrhexis (of-thal-mor-eks'is) [Gr. 6<p- 
OaXpbs eye + pijlps rupture]. Rupture of the 
eyeball. 
ophthalmoscope (of-thal'mo-skop) [Gr. 6<p9aXpbs 
eye + aKoireiv to see]. A perforated mirror used 
in inspecting the interior of the eye. ghost O., 
a form in which a portion of the reflected rays 
are deflected by a mirror. Loring's o., an oph- 
thalmoscope with tilting mirror, complete disk of 
lenses, and supplemental quadrant of lenses. 
ophthalmoscopy (of-thal-mos'ko-pe). The ex- 
amination of the interior of the eye with the 
ophthalmoscope, direct O., the observation of 
an upright or erect mirrored image of the inte- 
rior of the eye. indirect o., the observation of 
an inverted image of the interior of the eye. 
medical o., that which is performed for diag- 
nostic purposes, metric o., that which is per- 
formed for the measurement of refraction. 
ophthalmostasis (of-thal-mos'tas-is) [Gr. 6<p9aX- 
pos eye + araais standing]. Fixation of the eye 
with the ophthalmostat. 
ophthalmostat (of-thal'mo-stat) [Gr. b^OaXpos eye 
+ laravai to halt]. An instrument for holding the 
eye steady during operation. 
ophthalmostatometer (of-thal"mo-sta-tom'et-er) 
[Gr. bipOaXpos eye + laravai. to set + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for determining the de- 
gree of protrusion of the eyeball. 
ophthalmothermometer (of-thal"mo-ther-mom'- 
et-er) [Gr. bcpOaXpbs eye + thermometer}. An 
apparatus for recording the temperature of the 
eye. 
ophthalmotomy (of-thal-mot'o-me) [Gr. 6<p0aX- 
pbs eye + ro pi) cut]. The operation of incising the 
eyeball. 
ophthalmotonometer (of-thal"mo-to-nom'et-er) 
[Gr. bipOaXpos eye + rovos tone fl- perpov meas- 
OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS 
ure]. An instrument used in measuring the intra- 
ocular tension. 
ophthalmotonometry (of-tharmo-to-nom'et-re). 
The measurement of the intra-ocular tension. 
ophthalmotoxin (of-thal-mo-tok'sin) [Gr. b<pdaX- 
pos eye + toxin]. A toxin formed on injection of 
emulsion of the ciliary body. 
ophthalmotrope (of-thal'mo-trbp) [Gr. b<p6a\pbs 
eye + rpeiretv to turn]. An artificial eye that 
moves like a real eye. 
ophthalmotropometer (of-tharmo-tro-pom'et- 
er) [Gr. 6<p0aXju6s eye + rpoiros turning + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring eye 
movements. 
ophthalmoxyster (of-thal-moks-is'ter) [Gr. b<p6a\- 
juos eye + fuorpa scraper]. An instrument for 
scraping the conjunctiva. 
opianin (o-pi'an-in). An alkaloid from opium, 
perhaps an impure narcotin, resembling morphin 
in its physiologic action. 
opiate (o'pe-at). A remedy containing or derived 
from opium; also any drug that induces sleep. 
opilacao, opilagco (o-pil-ah-sa'o). A form of 
trypanosomiasis occurring in Brazil. See Chagas' 
disease, under disease. 
opiomania (o"pe-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. ottlov opium + 
pavla madness]. An insane craving for opium. 
opiomaniac (o"pe-o-ma'ne-ak). A person affected 
with opiomania. 
opiophagism, opiophagy (o-pe-of'aj-izm, o-pe- 
of'aj-e) [Gr. ottlov opium + <payeiv to eat]. The 
habitual use or eating of opium. 
opisthenar (o-pis'the-nar) [Gr. birlade behind + 
Oevap palm of the hand]. The dorsum of the 
hand. 
opisthencephalon (o-pis-then-sef'al-on) [Gr. 
opiade ■ backward + KeipaXt] head]. The cere-1 
bellum. 
opisthiobasial (o-pis'The-o-ba'se-al). Pertaining 
to or connecting the opisthion and basion. 
opisthion (o-pis'the-on) [Gr. birladiov rear]. The 
midpoint of the lower border of the foramen 
magnum. 
opisthionasial (o-pis"the-o-na'ze-al). Connect- 
ing the opisthion and nasion. 
opisthoporeia (o-pis"tho-po-re'ah) [Gr. oiriaOev 
backward + iropela walk]. Involuntary walking 
backward. 
opisthorchiasis (o-pis-thor-ki'as-is). A diseased 
condition of the liver due to the presence of flukes 
of the genus Opisthorchis. 
Opisthorchis (o-pis-thor'kis). A genus of trema- 
todes or flukes characterized by having the testicles 
near the posterior end of the body. O. felin'- 
eus, or Siberian liver-fluke, is found in the liver 
of cats* and dogs and sometimes in man. Infection' 
takes place through eating fish (Leuciscus rutUis 
and Idus melanotus). O. nover'ca, the Indian 
liver-fluke found very commonly in the pariah 
dogs and also in man. O. sinen'sis, or Asiatic 
liver-fluke, causes the liver-fluke disease of Asiatic 
countries, which affects man as well as cats and 
dogs. Called also Distoma sinense and Distoma 
japonicum. 
opisthotic (o-pis-thot'ik) [Gr. oTreadev behind + 
ovs ear]. Situated behind the ear. 
opisthotonos (o-pis-thot'o-nos) [Gr. oTrurOev behind 
+ topos stretching]. A form of tetanic spasm 
in which the head and heels are bent backward 
and the body bowed forward. 
opium (o'pe-um) [L.; Gr. ottiov]. The concrete 
juice of the poppy, Papa'ver somniferum, ob- 
tained from slits in the cortex of its capsule: sold 
in brown cakes and lumps of a strong and pecu- 
liar taste and odor. It contains morphin, codein; ■ 
narcotin, narcein, thebain, papaverin, cryptopin, 
and many other alkaloids, many of them narcotic 
or otherwise medicinally active. Medium dose: 
OPIUM OPIUM-HABIT 
774 
OPSONIC 
Arrests secretions; stimulates the brain; increases 
cardiac action, and raises arterial tension; contracts 
the pupil; first stimulates the mind, and then 
causes sleep. Headache, depression, and constipa- 
tion follow the sleep. Full dose: Arrests digestion; 
causes nausea, vomiting, and diaphoresis; lowers 
nerve-conduction; depresses the heart, respiration, 
and temperature; causes pruritus; contracts the 
pupil; causes profound stupor (succeeding in some 
cases to delirium). The after-effects are nau- 
sea, pruritus, depression, constipation, vertigo, and 
anorexia. Toxic dose: Cold sweat; slow heart; 
abolished reflexes; profound coma; pin-point pupil 
(which dilates before death), death occurring from 
paralysis of the respiratory center. Opium is 
narcotic, soporific, and astringent, and is used to 
relieve pain of all forms; in insomnia; to check 
excessive secretions; in inflammation of serous 
membranes, in spasmodic and irritable conditions; 
to slow the respiration in heart disease, pleurisy, 
etc.; to promote perspiration in rheumatism and 
acute catarrhal conditions; it is also employed lo- 
cally as an astringent and anodyne. In large doses 
it is poisonous. Dose of the drug, f-i gr. (0.016- 
0.066 gm.); of vinegar (ace'turn o'pit}, 5-15 min. 
(0.333-1 c.c.); of extract, |-i gr. (0.016-0.066 
gm.); of compound solution (li'quor o'pii com- 
pos'itus), 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.); of tincture 
(tinctu'ra o'pii, or laudanum), 5-20 min. (0.333- 
i-333 c.c.); of camphorated tincture, or elixir 
paregoric, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.); of powder 
(o'pii pul'vis), |-i gr. (0.033-0.066 gm.); of com- 
pound powder, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.33 gm.); of pow- 
dered ipecac and opium (pul'vis ipecacuan' hce 
et o'pii; Dover's powder), which contains 10 per 
cent, each of opium and ipecac, 3-10 gr. (0.19- 
0.66 gm.); of deodorized tincture, 5-20 min. 
(0.333-1.333 c.c.); of wine (vi'num o'pii), 5-20 min. 
(0.333-1-333 c.c.). 
opium-habit (o"pe-um-hab'it). Opiumism, 
opiumism (o'pe-um-izm). The habitual misuse of 
opium or its consequences. 
opo- [Gr. ottos juice], A prefix implying a deriva- 
tion from a juice or serum, usually one of animal 
origin. 
opobalsamum (o-po-bal'sam-um) [Gr. ottos juice 
4- ^aXoapov balsam]. The true balm of Gilead, 
or Mecca balsam, produced by Balsamoden'dron 
gileaden'se or B. opobal'samum. 
opocephalus (o-po-sef'al-us) [Gr. face 4- KeipaX-q 
head]. A monster with the ears fused, one orbit, 
no mouth, and no nose. 
opocerebrin (o-po-ser'e-brin). A patented thera- 
peutic preparation of the gray brain substance: 
used in many nervous and other diseases. Dose, 
3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 gm.). 
opodeldoc (o-po-del'dok). Camphorated soap lini- 
ment. 
opodidymus, opodymus (o-po-did'im-us, o-pod'- 
im-us) [Gr. face 4- blbvpos twin], A fetus with 
two fused heads and with the sense-organs partly 
fused. 
opohepatoidin (o"po-hep-at-oi'din) [Gr. ottos juice 
4- f/Trap liver]. A patented therapeutic prepara- 
tion of the liver of animals: used in liver diseases. 
Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
opohypophysin (o"po-hi-pof'is-in) [Gr. ottos juice 
4- hypophysis], A patented preparation of the 
hypophysis cerebri: used in acromegaly. Dose, 
I gr. (0.04 gm.). 
opolaxyl (o-po-lak'sil). A combination of the secre- 
tions of the liver, pancreas, and intestines with 
vegetable extracts: used for constipation. 
opolienin (o-po-li'en-in) [Gr. ottos juice 4- L. li'en 
spleen]. A patented spleen-extract: used in 
leukemia, spleen enlargement, and malarial ca- 
chexia. Dose, 20-30 gr. (1.3-2 gm.). 
opomammin (o-po-mam'in) [Gr. ottos juice + L. 
mam'ma breast]. A patented extract of animal 
udders: used in uterine diseases. Dose, 23 gr. 
(i-5 gm-)- 
opomedullin (o"po-me-dul'in) [Gr. ottos juice + 
L. medul'la marrow], A patented extract of 
red bone-marrow: used in pernicious anemia, 
leukemia, chlorosis, etc. Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.2-1 
gm.). 
opoorchidin (o-po-or'kid-in) [Gr. ottos juice 4- 
bpx^ testicle]. A patented extract of the testicles 
of animals: used in spinal and nervous diseases. 
Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
opobssein (o-po-os'e-in) [Gr. ottos juice + L. os 
bone]. A patented preparation of yellow bone- 
marrow: for use in rickets and osteomalacia. 
Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.2-1 gm.). 
opoovariin (o"po-o-va're-in) [Gr. ottos juice 4- 
ovary]. A patented extract of animal ovaries: 
for use in hysteria, chlorosis, and ovarian disease. 
Dose, 3-12 gr. (0.2-0.8 gm.). 
opopancreatin (o-po-pan'kre-at-in) [Gr. biros juice 
4- pancreas]. A patented extract of the pan- 
creas: used for diabetes mellitus. Dose, 3-12 
gr. (o.2-0.8 gm.). 
opoprostatin (o-po-pros'tat-in) [Gr. ottos juice 4- 
pr estate]. A patented preparation of animal 
prostate glands: used in hypertrophy of the pros- 
tate. Dose, 3 gr. (0.2 gm.). 
oporenin (op-o-re'nin) [Gr. ottos juice 4- L. ren 
kidney]. A patented preparation of animal 
kidneys: used in uremia and nephritis. Dose, 
8-12 gr. (0.5-O.8 gm.). 
oposuprarenalin (o"po-su-prah-re-na'lin) [Gr. 
ottos juice 4- suprarenal}. A patented prepara- 
tion of the suprarenal capsules of animals: used 
in diabetes mellitus, suprarenal melasma, etc. 
Dose, 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 gm.). 
opotherapy (o-po-ther'ap-e) [Gr. ottos juice 4- 
Qepaireia treatment]. 1. Treatment by juices. 2. 
Organotherapy; treatment of disease by the ad- 
ministration of extracts from animals' organs. 
opothymin (o-po-thi'min) [Gr. ottos juice 4- thy- 
mus]. A patented preparation of the thymus of 
young animals: for infantile paralysis, leukemia, 
etc. Dose, 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 gm.). 
opothyroidin (o"po-thi-roid'in) [Gr. ottos juice 4- 
thyroid]. A patented preparation of thyroid 
glands: used in myxedema, goiter, cretinism, 
obesity, etc. Dose, f-i| gr. (0.05-0.1 gm.). 
Oppenheim's disease, sign, syndrome (op'- 
en-himz) [Hermann Oppenheim, neurologist in Ber- 
lin, 1858-1919]. See under disease, sign. 
Oppenheimer treatment (op'en-hi-mer) [Isaac 
Oppenheimer, physician in New York]. See treat- 
ment. 
oppilation (op-il-a'shun) [L. oppila'tio]. See 
constipation. 
oppilative (op'il-a-tiv). Closing the pores; also 
constipating. 
opponens (op-o'nenz) [L.]. Opposing. See mus- 
cles, table of. 
oppositipolar (o-poz"it-i-po'lar). Having two 
poles on opposite sides of a cell. 
opsialgia (op-se-al'je-ah) [Gr. face 4- aXyos 
pain]. Facial neuralgia. 
opsinogen (op-sin'o-jen). A substance having the 
power of forming opsonins. 
opsinogenous (op-sin-oj'en-us). Able to form op- 
sonins. 
opsiometer (op-se-om'et-er) [Gr. mfrs vision 4- 
perpov measure]. Same as optometer. 
opsiuria (op-se-u're-ah) [Gr. b^ov food 4- ovpov 
urine]. The condition in which more urine is 
excreted during fasting than during digestion. 
opsogen (op'so-jen). Same as opsinogen. 
opsomania (op-so-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. bf/ov dainty 4- 
pavla madness]. A craving for some special food. 
opsone (op'son). Same as opsonin. 
opsonic (op-son'ik). Pertaining to opsonins. O. 
action, the action opsonins exert on bacteria by which they become subject to phagocytosis. O. 
index. See under index. 
opsoniferous (op-so-nif'er-us). Bearing opsonin. 
opsonification (op-son-if-ik-a'shun). Raising of 
the opsonic index by inoculation with specific 
opsonins, thus rendering the organisms more sub- 
ject to phagocytosis. 
opsonify (op-son'if-i). To subject to opsonification. 
opsonin (op-so'nin) [Gr. bputveiv to prepare food 
for]. A constituent of the blood-serum of an 
animal or of man which by acting on microorgan- 
isms or on red blood-corpuscles makes them more 
liable to be ingulfed by the phagocytes, com- 
mon, normal, or thermolabile o., opsonin 
normally present in the serum of an uninfected 
individual or an untreated animal, immune or 
specific O., opsonin developed in the blood-serum 
as a result of infection or injection of organisms. 
It is more heat resistant than the normal opsonins. 
opsonist (op'son-ist). One who is expert in opsonic 
technic. 
opsonization (op-son-iz-a'shun). Same as op- 
sonification. 
opsonize (op'son-Iz). To form opsonins in; to treat 
with opsonins. 
opsonogen (op-son'o-jen). Same as opsinogen. 
opsonoid (op'so-noid). An opsonin in which the 
opsonophoric or active element has been destroyed. 
opsonology (op-so-nol'o-je). The study of op- 
sonins and opsonic action. 
opsonometry (op-so-nom'et-re). The measurement 
of the amount of opsonin present. 
opsonophilia (op"so-no-fil'e-ah) [opsonin 4- Gr. 
tpcKeiv to love]. Affinity for opsonins. 
opsonophilic (op"son-o-fil'ik). Having an affinity 
for opsonins. 
opsonophoric (op"so-no-for'ik). Bearing opsonin; 
the term applied to that group of an opsonin which 
acts on the bacterium to render it subject to phago- 
cytosis. 
opsonotherapy (op-son-o-ther'ap-e). Treatment 
by the use of bacterial vaccines to increase the 
opsonic index of the blood. 
optesthesia (op-tes-the'zhe-ah) [Gr. otttikos per- 
taining to the eye 4- aldtjats sensation]. Visual 
sensibility; ability to perceive visual stimuli. 
optic, optical (op'tik, op'tik-al) [L. op'ticus; Gr. 
otttikos]- Pertaining to the sight or to the eye; 
subserving vision. 
optician (op-tish'an). A maker of optical in- 
struments or glasses. 
opticociliary (op"tik-o-sil'e-a-re). Pertaining to 
the optic and ciliary nerves. 
opticocinerea (op"tik-o-sin-e're-ah) [optic + cin- 
erea}. The gray matter of the optic tract. 
opticonasion (op"tik-o-na'se-on). The distance 
from the posterior edge of the optic foramen to the 
nasion. 
opticopupillary (op"tik-o-pu'pil-a-re). Pertain- 
ing to the optic nerve and the pupil. 
optics (op'tiks) [Gr. otttiki)]. The science which 
treats of light and of vision. 
optimal (op'tim-al). The best; the most favorable, 
optimeter (op-tim'et-er). Same as optometer. 
optimism (op'tim-izm) [L. op'timus best]. Insane 
exaltation of mind; amenomania. 
optimum (op'tim-um). 1. That condition of sur- 
roundings .which is conducive to the most favor- 
able activity of function. 2. Pirquet's term for 
the amount of food most desirable under given 
circumstances. 
optist (op'tist). A person skilled in optometry. 
optoblast (op'to-blast) [Gr. otttlkos optic 4- /SXacr- 
tos germ]. One of the large ganglion-cells of the 
retina. 
optochin (op'to-kin). A white crystalline powder, 
OPSONIFEROUS 
775 
the hydrochloric! of ethyl-hydrocuprein: used in 
pneumococcus infection, as croupous pneumonia, 
and in malaria. 
optogram (op'to-gram) [Gr. birrbs seen + y pappa 
mark]. The retinal image formed by. the bleach- 
ing of the visual purple under the influence of 
light, epithelial o., an optogram in which the 
pigment epithelium clings to the exposed locality, 
optomeninx (op-to-me'ninks) [Gr. otttikos optic + 
membrane]. The retina. 
optometer (op-tom'et-er) [Gr. otttos seen + p'erpov 
measure]. A device for measuring the power and 
range of vision. 
optometrist (op-tom'et-rist). One who practises 
optometry. 
optometry (op-tom'et-re). The measurement of 
visual acuity and the fitting of glasses to correct 
visual defects. A term adopted by opticians who 
prescribe and fit glasses. 
optomyometer (op"to-mi-om'et-er) [Gr. otttos 
seen 4- pvs muscle + perpov measure]. A device 
used in measuring the power of the ocular muscles. 
optophone (op'to-fbn) [Gr. otttos seen 4- <pcovri 
voice]. An instrument by means of which light 
and darkness are made discernible to the blind 
through their sense of hearing, the light waves 
being transformed into sound waves. 
optostriate (op-to-stri'at). Pertaining to the 
thalamus opticus and the corpus striatum. 
optotype (op'to-tTp) [Gr. oittos seen + type}. The 
test-types used by an oculist. 
Opuntia (o-pun'she-ah). A genus of cacti. O. 
vtdga'ris, the prickly pear, is used as a remedy 
in homeopathic practice. 
ora serrata (o'rah ser-a'tah) [L. " zigzag bor- 
der"]. The zigzag anterior edge of the retina 
{o'ra serra'ta ret'ina) [B N A]. 
or ad (o'rad) [L. os, oris mouth + ad toward]. To- 
ward the mouth. 
oral (o'ral) [L. ora'lis; os mouth]. Pertaining to 
the mouth. 
orale (o-ra'le). The point on the end of the incisive 
suture on the inner surface of the alveolar process. 
oralogy (o-ral'o-je) [L. ora'lis pertaining to the 
mouth + Gr. Xoyos treatise]. The practice of 
medical and dental co-operation for health; health 
dentistry; mouth science. 
orange (or'anj) [L. auran'tius}. The rutaceous tree, 
Ci'trus auran'tium, and its yellow, edible fruit (aw- 
ran'tiifruc'tus). There are two varieties: bitter o., 
or auran'tii ama'ra, and sweet o., or auran'tii 
dul'cis. The rind, or peel, of bitter orange {auran'tii 
ama'ri co/tex) and of sweet orange {auran'tii dul'cis 
co/tex) furnishes a volatile oil {o'leum auran'tii co/- 
tex) which is narcotic and irritant. The flowers of 
orange furnish a fragrant volatile oil {o'leum auran'- 
tii flo'rum, or oil of neroli). Orange-peel is car- 
minative and stimulant, its use being chiefly as a 
flavoring-agent. Dose of fluidextract of bitter- 
orange peel, i fl.dr. (4 c.c.); of syrup, 1-2 fl.oz. 
(30-60 c.c.); of compound elixir of orange (containing 
also wormwood, gentian, cascarilla, and buckbean, 
1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.); of elix'ir ama'ra, 15-30 min. 
(1-2 c.c.); of tincture, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.); of tincture 
of sweet orange, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.); of syrup, 1-2 fl.oz. 
(30-60 c.c.); of- spi/itus auran'tii, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.); 
of elix'ir aromat'icum, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.); of 
orange-flower water, 1 fl.oz. (30 c.c.); of syrup of 
orange-flowers, 4-8 fl.dr. (16-32 c.c.). methyl- 
o., Poirrier's o. Same as helianthin. 
orbicular (or-bik'u-lar) [L. orbicula'ris}. Circular 
or rounded. 
orbiculare (or"bik-u-la're) [L.]. The orbicular 
bone; an ossicle of the ear that usually becomes 
attached to the incus at the head of its long 
process. 
orbicularis (or"bik-u-la'ris) [L.]. See muscles, 
table of. 
orbic'ulus cilia'ris. Same as annulus ciliaris. 
ORBICULUS CILIARIS orbit (or'bit) [L. or'bita track]. The bony socket 
which contains the eye. 
orbita (or'bit-ah). Latin for orbit. 
orbital (or'bit-al) [L. orbita'lis]. Pertaining to 
the orbit. 
orbitale (or-bit-a'le). The lowest point of the in- 
ferior edge of the orbit. 
orbitonasal (or"bit-o-na'zal). Pertaining to the 
orbit and the nose. 
orbitopagus (or-bit-op'ag-us) [L. or'bita orbit + 
Gr. irayos fixed]. A twin monster composed of a 
small fetus attached to the orbit of the autosite. 
orbitotomy (or-bit-ot'o-me) [L. or'bita orbit + Gr. 
to ph a cut]. The operation of opening into the 
bony orbit. 
orcein (or-se'in). A brown coloring-matter, C7- 
H7NO3, from orcin: used as a stain. 
orchectomy, orchiectomy (or-kek'to-me, or-ke- 
ek'to-me) [Gr. bpx^ testicle + eKrop-q excision]. 
Excision of a testicle. 
orchella (or-shel'ah). A histologic stain composed 
of 5 c.c. of acetic acid and 40 c.c. each of alcohol 
and water, colored to a dark red with orchil from 
which excess of NH3 has been driven off. 
orcheopexy (or'ke-o-pek-se). Same as orchiopexy. 
orcheoplasty (or'ke-o-plas-te) [Gr. bpxta- scrotum 
+ irXaaaeiu to mold]. Plastic surgery of the 
scrotum. 
orchialgia (or-ke-al'je-ah) [Gr. opxis testis +0X705 
pain]. Pain in a testicle. 
orchichorea (or"ke-ko-re'ah) [Gr. opxis testis + 
chorea]. The twitching or jerking movement of 
a testicle. 
orchicithin (or-ke-sith'in). A therapeutic prepa- 
ration made from testes, used in sexual neuras- 
thenia. 
orchidalgia (or-kid-al'je-ah) [Gr. opxis testicle + 
0X705 pain]. Pain in the testicle. 
orchidectomy (or-kid-ek'to-me). See orchectomy. 
orchidin (or'kid-in) [Gr. opxis testicle]. A thera- 
peutic fluid preparation of testicles of animals. 
orchiditis (or-kid-i'tis). Orchitis. 
orchidocelioplasty (or"kid-o-se'le-o-plas-te) [Gr. 
opxis testicle + KocXia belly + irXacraecv to form]. 
The operation of transplanting an undescended 
testicle to the abdominal cavity. 
orchidoncus (or-ki-dong'kus) [Gr. opxis testicle + 
07x0s tumor]. A tumor of a testicle. 
orchidopexy (or-kid'o-peks-e) [Gr. opxis testis + 
irqyvvvai to fix]. 1. The operation of fixing or 
suturing the undescended testicle into the scrotum. 
2. Preternatural fixity of a testis. 
orchidoplasty (or'kid-o-plas-te) [Gr. opx« testicle 
+ TrXdaaeip to form]. The operation of trans- 
planting an undescended testicle to its proper place 
in the scrotum. 
orchidoptosis (or-kid-op-to'sis) [Gr. opxis testicle 
+ tttdiffis falling]. Falling of the testicle: a 
condition due to varicocele or relaxation of the 
scrotum. 
orchidorrhaphy (or-kid-or'af-e). Same as orchi- 
orrhaphy. 
orchidotherapy (or-kid-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. opxis 
testicle + OepaTrela treatment]. Use of a testicu- 
lar extract in treating diseases. 
orchidotomy (or-kid-ot'o-me). Same as orchotomy. 
orchiectomy (or-ke-ek'to-me) [Gr. opx's testicle + 
eKropq excision]. Excision of a testicle. 
orchiencephaloma (or"ke-en-sef-al-o'mah) [Gr. 
opxis testicle + encephaloma]. Encephaloma of 
the testicle. 
orchiepididymitis (or"ke-ep-id-id-im-i'tis) [Gr. 
opx is testis + epididymitis]. Inflammation of a 
testicle and an epididymis. 
orchilytic (or-ke-lit'ik) [Gr. opxis testicle + Xvtikos 
dissolving]. Splitting up testicular tissue. 
ORBIT 
776 
orchiocele (or'ke-o-sel) [Gr. opx« testis + 
hernia], i. Hernial protrusion of a testis. 2. 
Scrotal hernia. 3. Tumor of a testicle. 
orchiococcus (or"ke-o-kok'us) [Gr. 6px« testis 
+ kokkos berry], A diplococcus from gonorrheal 
orchitis. 
orchiodynia (or"ke-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. opxis testis + 
odwr) pain]. Sharp pain in a testicle. 
orchiomyeloma (or"ke-o-mi-el-o'mah) [Gr. opxis 
testicle + myeloma]. Myeloma of the testicle. 
orchioncus (or-ke-ong'kus) [Gr. opxis testicle + 
byKos tumor]. Tumor of the testicle. 
orchioneuralgia (or"ke-o-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. opxis 
testicle + neuralgia]. Pain in the testicle. 
orchiopexy (or-ke-o-pek'se) [Gr. opxis testicle + 
iritis fixation]. The operation of fixing in the 
scrotum an undescended testicle. 
orchioplasty (or'ke-o-plas-te) [Gr. opxis testicle + 
irXaaaeiv to form]. Plastic surgery of the testicle. 
orchiorrhaphy (or-ke-or'af-e) [Gr. opx^ testis 
+ pa<f>i) suture]. The stitching of a testis to a 
neighboring tissue, particularly the suturing of an 
imperfectly descended testicle into the scrotum. 
orchioscheocele (or-ke-os'ke-o-sel) [Gr. opxis 
testicle + K-qXq hernia]. Scrotal tumor with 
scrotal hernia. 
orchioscirrhus (or"ke-o-skir'us) [Gr. 6px^ testicle 
+ o nlppos hard]. Scirrhus, or hardening, of the 
testicle. 
orchiotomy (or-ke-ot'o-me). Same as orchid- 
olomy. 
orchis (or'kis) [Gr. opx^ testis]. 1. The testis. 2. 
The typical genus of orchidaceous plants. O. 
mas'cula affords salep: various species are medic- 
inal. 
orchitic (or-kit'ik). Pertaining to or caused by 
orchitis. 
orchitin (or'kit-in) [Gr. opxis testis]. A proprie- 
tary testicular extract. 
orchitis (or-ki'tis) [Gr. opxis testis + -tris inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of a testis. The disease is 
marked by pain, swelling, and a feeling of weight. 
It may occur idiopathically, but is usually due to 
gonorrhea, syphilis, or tuberculosis. O. paro- 
tid'ea, orchitis occurring in mumps, o. variolo'- 
sa, orchitis occurring in small-pox. 
orchitolytic (or-kit-o-lit'ik) [Gr. opx^ testicle + 
Xwis dissolution]. Destroying the testicular tissue. 
orchotomy (or-kot'o-me) [Gr. opxis testis + repveiv 
to cut]. 1. Surgical incision of a testicle. 2. Less 
correctly, castration, or semicastration; orchectomy. 
orcin, orcinol (or'sin, or'sin-ol). An antiseptic 
principle, CH3.C6H3.(OH)2, or dihydroxytoluene, 
mainly derived from various lichens. It is a car- 
diac poison and an antiseptic, and is used like 
resorcinol in skin diseases. 
Ord's operation [William Miller Ord, English 
surgeon, 1834-1902]. See operation. 
ordeal bark (or-de'al). The poisonous bark of 
various trees and shrubs, used by savages in trial 
by ordeal. 
order (or'der). In classification, the main subdivi- 
sion of a class. See family. 
orderly (or'der-le). A male nurse or attendant in a 
hospital. 
oreoselinum (o"re-o-se-li'num) [L.]. An umbel- 
liferous plant of the old world, Peuceda'num oreo- 
seli'num: used in homeopathic practice. 
oresol (o-re'sol). An antitubercular preparation 
of glycerin guaiacol ether. 
orexigenic (o-rek-sij-en'ik) [Gr. ope&s appetite + 
yevvav to produce]. Increasing or stimulating 
the appetite. 
orexin (o-reks'in). Phenyldihydroquinazolin, a 
patented quinolin derivative, C6H4.CH2N.CH.- 
NC6H.|, a white, tasteless powder: anti-emetic, 
stomachic, and a stimulant of the appetite. Dose, 
2-6 gr. (0.13-0.4 gm.), o. hydrochlorid. 
OREXIN a salt in colorless, bitter crystals. Dose, 2-6 gr. 
(0.13-0.4 gm.), o. tannate, a yellow-white 
powder, insoluble in water: used as a stomachic, 
appetizer, and anti-emetic in anorexia due to gen- 
eral disease, and in the vomiting of pregnancy. 
Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 gm.). 
orexoid (o-reks'oid). A proprietary tablet of orexin 
tannate. 
organ (or'gan) [L. or'ganum; Gr. opyavov]. Any 
part of the body having a special function, acous- 
tic o. Same as 0. of Corti, cell-o., a structural 
part of a cell having some definite function in its 
life or reproduction, as a nucleus or a centrosome. 
cement o., the embryonic tissue which develops 
into the cement layer of the tooth, o. of Corti, 
the terminal acoustic apparatus within the scala 
media, including the rods of Corti and the audi- 
tory cells, with their supporting elements. See 
ear. enamel-o., a process of epithelium forming 
a cap over a dental papilla: from it the enamel 
is developed, end-o., any distal nerve structure; 
an end-bulb, -brush, -bud, -plate, -corpuscle, or 
other terminus of a nerve branch, endocrine 
o's, the organs of the body which yield, internal 
secretions. See under secretion, o. of Giraldes, 
the paradidymus. Golgi's o's, neuromuscular 
spindles. See under spindle, incretory o's. 
Same as endocrine o's. Jacobson's o., a short 
rudimentary canal extending along the septum of 
Stensen's duct. Meyer's o., an area of circum- 
vallate papillae on either side of the posterior part 
of the tongue, o. of Rosenmuller, the paro- 
varium, or epobphoron. o. of Ruffini, an end- 
organ peculiar to the finger-tips, segmental o., 
the pronephros, mesonephros, and metaneph- 
ros together, sense-o., an organ consisting 
of a nerve and its termination, by which a stimu- 
lus is converted into a sensation, vomeronasal 
o. Same as Jacobson's 0. Weber's o., the 
sinus pocularis. o's of Zuckerkandl, ganglia 
found in late fetal life and a short time after 
birth at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery. 
organacidia (or-gan-as-id'e-ah). The presence of an 
organic acid, especially in the stomach. 
organella (or-gan-el'ah). The minute organs of 
protozoa. 
organic (or-gan'ik) [L. organ'icus; Gr. bpyaviKos]. 
1. Pertaining to an organ or the organs. 2. Hav- 
ing an organized structure. 3. Arising from an 
organism. 4. Pertaining to substances derived 
from living organisms. 
organism (or'gan-izm). Any organized body or 
living economy; any individual animal or plant. 
Ricketts' o. See Rickettsia. Siegel's o., a 
coccus-like organism from the blood and tissues of 
a calf affected with vaccinia; called by Siegel 
Cytorycles cocci. 
organization (or"gan-iz-a'shun). 1. The process 
of organizing or of becoming organized. 2. Any 
organism or organized body. 
organize (or'gan-iz). To provide with an organic 
structure; to form into organs. 
organoferric (or-gan-o-fer'ik). Containing iron 
and some organic compound. 
organogel (or-gan'o-jel). A gel in which an organic 
liquid takes the place of water. 
organogen (or-gan'o-jen). Any one of the chemical 
elements-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sul- 
phur, phosphorus, and chlorin-characteristic of or- 
ganic substances. 
organogenesis, organogeny (or"gan-o-jen'es-is, 
or-gan-oj'en-e) [Gr. opyavov organ + yefeais 
generation]. The development or growth of organs. 
organogenetic (or"gan-o-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to 
organogenesis. 
organogenic (or-gan-o-jen'ik). Organogenetic. 
organography (or-gan-og'raf-e) [Gr. opyavov 
organ + ypaipeiv to write]. A description of the 
organs of a living body. 
OREXOID 
777 
organoid (or'gan-oid) [Gr. opyavov organ + eZ3os 
form]. Resembling an organ. 
organoleptic (or"gan-o-lep'tik) [Gr. opyavov organ 
+ \ap^aveiv to seize], i. Making an impression 
on an organ of special sense. 2. Capable of re- 
ceiving a sense impression. 
organology (or-gan-ol'o-je) [Gr. opyavov organ + 
Xbyos word]. The sum of what is known regard- 
ing the organs of the body. 
organoma (or-gan-o'mah). A tumor composed of 
organs or definite portions of an organ, or charac- 
terized by the presence in it of definite organs, as 
a dermoid cyst. 
organometallic (or-gan-o-met-al'ik). Consisting 
of a metal in combination with an organic radical. 
organon (or'gan-on) [L.]. An organ, o. audi'tus 
[B N A], the organ of hearing, o. gus'tus [B N 
A], the organ of taste, o. olfac'tus [B N A], the 
organ of smell, o. parenchymato'sum, a 
parenchymatous organ, o. spira'le [corti] [BN 
A], the organ of Corti, o. vi'sus [B N A], the 
organ of vision, o. vomeronasa'le [jacob- 
soni] [BN A]. See Jacobson's organ, under 
organ. 
organonomy (or-gan-on'o-me) [Gr. opyavov organ 
4- vbpos law]. The laws of organic life and of 
living organisms. 
organonymy (or-gan-on'im-e) [Gr. opyavov organ 
+ 6vvp.a name]. The nomenclature of the bodily 
organs. 
organopathy (or-gan-op'ath-e) [Gr. opyavov organ 
+ TraOos disease]. 1. Organic disease. 2. Organo- 
therapy. 
organopexia, organopexy (or"gan-o-peks'e-ah, 
or'gan-o-peks-e) [Gr. opyavov organ + irriyvvvai. to 
fix]. The surgical fixation of an organ, espe- 
cially of the uterus after excision of a fibroid. 
organopexil (or"gan-o-peks'il). A method of 
enucleating fibroid growths. 
organophil, organophilic (or-gan'o-fil, or-gan-o- 
fil'ik) [Gr. opyavov organ + to love]. 
Having or manifesting organophili sm. 
organophilism (or-gan-of'il-izm). Having an 
affinity for certain organs or tissues of the body. 
organoscopy (or-gan-os'ko-pe) [Gr. opyavov organ 
+ aKoireiv to examine]. Examination of the ab- 
dominal viscera by means of a cystoscope inserted 
through an epigastric incision. 
organosol (or-gan'o-sol). 1. A colloidal solution in. 
which the continuous phase is an organic solvent, 
as alcohol, ether, benzene, etc. 2. A proprietary 
agent said to be an alcoholic solution of colloidal 
• silver: used for gonorrhea. 
organotherapy (or"gan-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. opyavov 
organ + Oepairfla therapy]. The treatment of 
disease by the administration of animal organs 
or their extracts. See opotherapy, heterolo- 
gous O., organotherapy with substances that have 
no relation to the diseased organ of the patient, 
homologous o., organotherapy by extractives 
of the organs of animals corresponding to the dis- 
eased organ of the patient. 
organotrope, organotropic (or-gan'o-trop, or- 
gan-o-trop'ik) [Gr. opyavov organ + Tpbiros 
turning]. Having an affinity for certain tissues of 
the body. See parasitotrope and chemotherapy. 
organotrophic (or-gan-o-trof'ik). Relating to the 
nutrition of organs of the body. 
organotropism (or-gan-ot'ro-pizm). Organotropy, 
organotropy (or-gan-ot'ro-pe) [see organotrope]. 
The chemic affinity of substances for certain organs 
or tissues of the body. 
orgasm (or'gazm) [Gr. bpyaapbs swelling, or bpyav 
to swell, to be lustful]. The crisis of venereal 
excitement. 
Oribasius (or-e-ba'se-us). A celebrated physician, 
born about 325 A. d., at Pergamos. He was phy- 
sician to the Emperor Julian. He wrote a work 
ORIBASIUS ORIENTAL BOIL 
778 
orodiagnosis (or"o-di-ag-no'sis). Serum diag- 
nosis. See under diagnosis. 
oro-immunity (o"ro-im-u'nit-e) [Gr. opos serum 
+ immunity]. Passive immunity. 
orokinase (o-ro-kin'as) [L. os, oris mouth + kinase]. 
A kinase produced by the buccal glands of certain 
animals which converts inactive ptyalin into active 
ptyalin. 
orolingual (o-ro-lin'gwal) [L. os mouth + lin'gua 
tongue]. Pertaining to the mouth and tongue. 
oromeningitis. See orrhomeningilis. 
oronasal (o-ro-na'zal) [L. os mouth + na'sus nose]. 
Pertaining to the mouth and nose. 
oronol (o'ro-nol). A proprietary liquid antiseptic 
soap containing formaldehyd, glycerin, and euca- 
lyptus oil. 
oropharynx (o-ro-far'inks) [L. os mouth + phar- 
ynx], i. The mouth and pharynx regarded as one 
cavity. 2. The space between the faucial arches. 
3. The pharynx proper as distinguished from the 
nasopharynx. 
orotherapy (o-ro-ther'ap-e) [Gr. opos whey + 
Oepanda treatment]. 1. Whey-cure; the treatment 
of disease by administering whey. 2. Serum ther- 
apy. See serotherapy. 
oroxylin (o-roks'il-in). An antirheumatic agent in 
bright-yellow crystals. 
Oroya fever (o-ro'yah). See under fever. 
orphol (or'fol). Bismuth beta-naphtholate, (C10- 
H7O)3Bi + 3H2O, a basic compound of beta- 
naphthol and bismuth. It is a light-brown, insol- 
uble, aromatic powder, and is used as an intestinal 
astringent and antiseptic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.33-1 
gm.), three to five times a day. 
orpiment (or'pim-ent) [L. au'ri pigmen'turn]. Arse- 
nic trisulphid, As2S3; king's yellow: used mainly as 
a depilatory. 
orrhodiagnosis (or"o-di-ag-no'sis). See orodiag- 
nosis. 
ortho-immunity (or"o-im-u'nit-e) [Gr. bppbs 
serum + immunity]. Passive immunity. 
orrhology (or-ol'o-je) [Gr. bppbs serum + \byos 
treatise]. The scientific study of sera; serology. 
orrhomeningitis (or"o-men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. bppbs 
serum + meningitis]. Inflammation of a serous 
membrane. 
orrhoreaction (or"o-re-ak'shun) [Gr. bppbs serum 
+ reaction]. Seroreaction. 
orrhorrhea, orrhorrhcea (or-ro-re'ah) [Gr. bppbs 
serum + peiv to flow]. A watery or serous dis- 
charge. 
orrhotherapeutic (or"ro-ther-ah-pu'tik). Per- 
taining to or of the nature of orrhotherapy. 
orrhotherapy (or-ro-theFap-e) [Gr. bppbs serum + 
therapy]. The therapeutic use of sera. 
orris (or'is). The rhizome or root of Florentine 
iris, I'ris jlorenti'na: used in dentifrices, perfumes, 
etc. See Iris. 
Orsi-Grocco's method (or-se-grok'6z) [Francesco 
Orsi, Pietro Grocco, Italian physicians]. Palpatory 
percussion of the heart. 
orsudan (or'su-dan). A proprietary preparation, 
sodium 3-methyl-4-acetyl-amino-phenylarsonate: 
used in all protozoan diseases. Dose, by injection 
into the muscles, 10 gr. (0.6 gm.). 
orthin (or'thin). Orthohydrazinparaoxybenzoic 
acid, NH2.NH.C6H3(OH).COOH. Its hydro- 
chlorid, a salt in colorless crystals, is a dangerous 
antipyretic. Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.52 gm.). 
Orth's stains (orths) [Johannes Orth, pathologist 
in Berlin, 1847-1923]. See under stains, table of. 
ortho- [Gr. bpObs straight]. A prefix meaning 
straight or normal. In chemistry, this prefix indi- 
cates an isomer; also a cyclic derivative which has 
two substituents in adjacent positions. 
ortho-acid (or-tho-as'id). An acid containing as 
many hydroxyl groups as the valence of the acidu- 
lous element. 
ORTHO-ACID 
in seventy books entitled "Medicinalia Collecta," 
which is chiefly a compilation from Galen and 
other writers. Died about 400 A. D. 
•oriental boil (o-re-en'tal). See Furunculus orien- 
talis. 
orientalism (o-re-en'tal-izm). The condition of 
taking on the appearance of an oriental. 
orientation (o"re-en-ta'shun) [L. o'riens arising]. 
The determination of the east point; hence, the 
determination of one's position with respect to 
surrounding objects. 
orifice (or'if-is) [L. orifidium], 1. The entrance or 
outlet of any bodily cavity. 2. Any foramen, 
meatus, or opening, cardiac o., the opening of 
the esophagus into the stomach, mitral o., the 
left auriculoventricular opening. 
orificial (or-if-ish'al). Pertaining to an orifice. 
orificialist (or-if-ish'al-ist). One who treats dis- 
ease by dilating or otherwise operating upon the 
external orifices of the body. 
orificium (or-if-ish'e-um). Latin for orifice, o. 
exter'num u'teri [B N A], the external os, or 
vaginal opening of the uterus, o. in ter'num 
u'teri [B N A], the internal os uteri, o. ure'- 
teris [B N A], the opening of the ureter in the 
bladder, o. ure thrae exter'num [B N A], the 
urinary meatus of the penis, o. ure'thrae in- 
ter'num [B N A], the internal opening of the 
urethra, o. vagi'nae [B N A], the narrowest por- 
tion of the vagina. 
Origanum (o-rig'an-um) [L.; Gr. bptyavov]. A 
genus of labiate plants. O. vulga're, wild mar- 
joram, affords a stimulant volatile oil (p'leum 
orig'ani): used mainly in veterinary practice and 
in liniments. O. majora'na, sweet marjoram, also 
affords a similar oil (p'leum majora'na). 
•origin (oFij-in) [L. ori'go beginning]. The source or 
beginning of anything, especially the more fixed 
end or attachment of a muscle, as distinguished 
from its insertion, apparent o., ectal o., 
superficial o., the point at which a cranial nerve 
emerges from the surface of the brain, deep o., 
ental o., the true beginning of the brain-fibers 
of a nerve within the substance of the brain. 
orinasal (or-in-a'zal). See oronasal. 
orinotherapy (o-ri-no-ther'ap-e) [Gr. bpeivos per- 
taining to mountains fl- Oepavrela treatment]. 
Treatment by living in high, mountainous regions, 
ormizet (or-miz-et'). A proprietary astringent 
preparation of clay saturated with formic acid. 
ormosin (or-mo'sin). A white crystalline alkaloid 
from the seeds of Ormo'sia dasycar'pa, a legumin- 
ous tree of South America. Its hydrochlorid is nar- 
cotic and sedative. 
ornithin (or'nith-in) [Gr. bpvis bird]. An amino- 
acid, diamino-valerianic acid, NH2(CH2)3.CH- 
(NH2).CO2H, obtained from arginin by splitting 
off urea; it is found in the urine and excrement of 
fowls. On decomposition it gives rise to putrescin 
and with urea it forms arginin. 
Ornithodorus (or"nith-o-do'rus). A genus of 
ticks. O. coria'ceus, the pajaroello of Cali- 
fornia which is greatly feared because of its bite. 
The bite is painful, slow to heal, and usually leaves 
an ugly scar. O. megni'ni, the spinous ear tick 
of Southern California and Mexico. It produces 
great annoyance to man and to the domestic 
animals. O. mouba'ta, the tampan tick of 
South Africa. It is the transmitter of Spironema 
duttoni and possibly also of Filaria Persians. It is 
called also Carapatos. O. savig'ni, a species 
found in Abyssinia, Arabia, and India in human 
habitations. It is thought to transmit a form of 
relapsing fever found there. O. talaje, a species 
found in Mexico and Central America. O. tholo- 
sa'ni, a species found in Persia and thought to 
transmit African relapsing fever. O. turica'ta, 
a species common in Mexico and in Central Amer- 
ica. Called also carapato. ortho-arteriotomy (or"tho-ar-te-re-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
bpdbs straight + aorripia artery + twos tone]. 
Normal arterial pressure. 
orthobiosis (or"tho-bi-o'sis) [Gr. opdbs straight -f- 
/3ios life]. Proper living; living in accordance with 
all the laws of health. 
orthocephalic, orthocephalous (or"tho-sef-al'- 
ik, or-tho-sef'al-us) [Gr. bpdbs straight + Ke<pa\ii 
head]. Having a head with a height-length index 
of from 70 to 75. 
orthochlorophenol (or"tho-klo-ro-fe'nol). An 
agent employed in the treatment of lupus. 
orthochlorosalol (or"tho-klo-ro-sal'ol). A strongly 
fragrant substance isomeric with chlorosalol. 
orthochorea (or"tho-ko-re'ah) [Gr. bpdbs straight 
+ chorea]. Choreic movements in the erect 
posture. 
orthochromatic (or"tho-kro-mat/ik). Normally 
colored or stained. 
orthochromophil (or-tho-kro'mo-fil) [Gr. bpdbs 
correct + xpwpa. color + ipiXdiv to love]. Stain- 
ing normally with neutral stains. 
orthocol (or'tho-kol). See thiocol. 
orthocrasia (or-tho-kra'se-ah) [Gr. bpdbs correct + 
Kpaais temperament]. A state in which the body 
reacts normally to ingested or injected drugs, 
proteins, etc. 
orthocresalol (or-tho-kre'sal-ol). See cresalol. 
orthocresol (or-tho-kre'sol). One of the three 
isomeric forms of cresol. 
orthocytosis (or"tho-si-to'sis) [Gr. bpdbs correct + 
kvtos cell]. Presence of mature cells only in the 
blood. 
orthodentist (or-tho-den'tist). Orthodontist. 
orthodiagram (or-tho-di'ag-ram). The print or 
record made by an orthodiagraph. 
orthodiagraph (or-tho-di'ag-raf) [Gr. bpdbs straight 
+ 3ia through + ypaipeiv to write]. A radiographic 
apparatus for recording accurately the form and 
size of structures inside the body, doing away 
with the distortion of the ordinary x-ray plate. 
orthodiagraphy (or"tho-di-ag'raf-e). The use of 
the orthodiagraph. 
orthodinitrocresol (or"tho-di"ni-tro-kre'sol). 
Same as antinonnin. 
orthodont (or'tho-dont). Having normal teeth. 
orthodontia (or-tho-don'she-ah) [Gr. bpdbs straight 
+ bbovs tooth]. The department of dentistry 
which deals with the prevention and correction of 
irregularities of the teeth and malocclusion. 
orthodontic (or-tho-don'tik). Pertaining to or- 
thodontia. 
orthodontics (or-tho-don'tiks). Same as ortho- 
dontia. 
orthodontist (or-tho-don'tist). A dentist who 
specializes in orthodontia. 
orthodontology (or-tho-don-tol'o-je). Same as 
orthodontia. 
orthoform (or'tho-form). A white, crystalline 
powder, methyl metaminoparaoxybenzoate, CsHg- 
(OH)(NH2)COOCHs, odorless and tasteless- 
a kind of synthetic cocain. It is soluble in al- 
cohol and ether, but only slightly so in water: it 
is a local anesthetic and antiseptic, free from toxic 
effects. It is used internally in ulcer and cancer 
of the stomach, and in wounds, burns, and ulcers 
in the form of an ointment. Dose, 73-15 gr. 
(0.5-1 gm.), o. hydrochlorid, a crystalline 
salt: a local anesthetic, new o., meta-amidopara- 
oxybenzoic methyl ester; somewhat whiter than the 
original orthoform, and used in the same way: 
patented. 
orthogenesis (or-tho-jen'es-is) [Gr. opdos straight 
+ yeveaLS descent]. 1. Progressive evolution in 
a given direction, in contrast with variations in 
several directions. 2. The theory that evolution is 
controlled by intrinsic factors. 
ORTHO-ARTERIOTOMY 
779 
orthogenics (or-tho-jen'iks) [Gr. bpdos correct + 
yevcKos concerning reproduction]. Eugenics. 
orthognathous (or-thog'na-thus) [Gr. bpdbs 
straight + yvados jaw]. Having a gnathic index 
of less than 98°. 
orthograde (or'tho-grad) [Gr. opdos straight + 
L. gra'di to walk]. Carrying the body upright in 
walking. 
ortholiposis (or"tho-lip-o'sis) [Gr. bpdbs straight 
+ liposis]. The normal proportion of liposin 
in the serum of the blood. 
orthomelic (or-tho-me'lik) [Gr. bpfibs straight + 
peXos limb]. Correcting deformities of the limbs, 
orthometer (or-thom'et-er) [Gr. bpdbs straight + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for finding the 
relative protrusion of the two eyeballs. 
orthomethylacetanilid (or-tho-meth-il-as-et-an- 
il-id). Exalgin. 
orthomonochlorphenol (or"tho-mo"no-klor-fe'- 
nol). A compound recommended in the treatment 
of nasal diseases. It is locally anesthetic. 
orthomorphia (or-tho-mor'fe-ah) [Gr. bpdbs 
straight + pop<pi) form]. The surgical and me- 
chanic correction of deformities. 
orthonal (or'tho-nal). A dental anesthetic contain- 
ing cocain hydrochlorid, alypin, adrenalin, and 
physiologic salt solution. 
orthoneutrophil, orthoneutrophile (or-tho- 
nu'tro-fil, -fil). Same as orthochromophil. 
orthopedia (or-tho-pe'de-ah) [Gr. bpfibs straight 4- 
ttcus child]. The surgical and mechanic correc- 
tion of the deformities of children, dental o., 
correction of deformities or irregularities of teeth; 
orthodontia of children's teeth. 
orthopedic (or-tho-pe'dik) [Gr. bpdbs straight -f- 
■Kais child]. Pertaining to the correction of de- 
formities, especially those of children. 
orthopedics (or-tho-pe'diks). Orthopedia. 
orthopedist (or-tho-pe'dist). An orthopedic sur- 
geon. 
orthopercussion (or"tho-per-kush'un) [Gr. bpdbs 
straight + percussion]. Percussion in which the 
distal phalanx of the pleximeter finger is held 
perpendicularly to the chest-wall. 
orthophoria (or-tho-fo're-ah) [Gr. bpdbs straight + 
<peptLv to bear]. The normal or proper placement 
of organs; normal adjustment and equilibrium 
of eye muscles, asthenic o., general weakness of 
the eye-muscles. 
orthoplastocyte (or-tho-plas'to-sit) [Gr. bpdbs 
straight + plastocyte]; A normal blood-plate. 
orthoplessimeter (or-tho-ples-im'et-er). An in- 
strument to take the place of the pleximeter finger 
in orthopercussion. 
orthopnea, orthopnoea (or-thop-ne'ah) [Gr. bpdbs 
straight + irvria., irvoia breath]. Inability to 
breathe except in an upright position. 
orthopneic (or-thop-ne'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by orthopnea. 
orthopraxy, orthopraxis (or'tho-praks-e, or-tho- 
praks'is) [Gr. bpdbs straight + -irpaaaeiv to make]. 
The mechanic correction of deformities. 
orthoptic (or-thop'tik) [Gr. bpdbs straight -f- birri- 
kos optic]. Correcting obliquity of one or both 
visual axes. 
orthorhombic (or-tho-rom'bik). Having three un- 
equal axes intersected at right angles. 
orthorontgenography (or"tho-rent-gen-og'raf-e). 
Same as orthodiagraphy. 
orthoscope (or'tho-skop) [Gr. bpfibs straight + 
aKosreiv to view]. An apparatus which neutralizes 
the corneal refraction by means of a layer of 
water: it is used in examining the eye. 
orthoscopic (or-tho-skop'ik). Affording a correct 
and undistorted view. 
orthoscopy (or-thos'ko-pe). Examination of the 
eye by means of the orthoscope. 
orthosis (or-tho'sis) [Gr. bpdcoacs; bpdbs straight]. 
The straightening of a distorted part. 
ORTHOSIS orthoskiagraph (or-tho-ski'ag-raf). Orthodia- 
graph. 
orthoskiagraphy (or"tho-ski-ag'raf-e). Orthodi- 
agraphy. 
orthostatic (or-tho-stat'ik) [Gr. bpf)bs straight + 
araTCKos causing to stand]. Pertaining to or 
caused by standing erect. 
orthostatism (or'tho-stat-izm). An erect standing 
position of the body. 
orthotast (or'tho-tast) [Gr. bpf)bs straight + racr- 
vetv to arrange]. An apparatus for straightening 
curvatures of bones. 
orthoterion (or-tho-te're-on) [Gr. bpdo^Trip straight- 
ener], A device for use in straightening crooked 
limbs. 
orthotherapy (or-tho-ther'ap-e) [Gr. bp fibs straight 
+ therapy]. Treatment of disorders by correction 
of posture. 
orthotic (or-thot'ik). 1. Pertaining to orthosis. 
2. Orthostatic. 
orthotonos (or-thot'o-nos). Orthotonus. 
orthotonus (or-thot'o-nus) [Gr. bpObs straight + 
rbvos tension]. A spasm which fixes the head, 
body, and limbs in a rigid straight line. 
orthotropic (or-tho-trop'ik) [Gr. bpfibs straight + 
rpeireLV to turn]. Ascending into the abdominal 
or other cavity. 
orthotyphoid (or-tho-ti'foid). Normal typhoid 
fever as distinguished from paratyphoid. 
orthuria (orth-u're-ah) [Gr. bpdbs straight + ovpov 
urine]. Normal frequency of urination. 
Ortizon (or'tiz-on). A proprietary solid hydrogen 
dioxid, consisting of hydrogen peroxid and car- 
bamid prepared in the form of pencils. The 
pencils are to be inserted into a wound, in which 
they give off oxygen. 
orypan (or'i-pan) [Gr. bpvlfa rice + L. pa'nis 
bread]. A proprietary rice bread preparation. 
Oryza (o-ri'zah) [L.; Gr. bpv^a rice]. A genus of 
cereal plants. 0. sati'va produces rice. 
oryzanin (o-ri'zan-in) [Gr. opv^a rice]. An extrac- 
tive from rice bran. 
Os. The chemic symbol of osmium. 
O. S., o. s. Abbreviation for L. oc'ulus sinis'ter, 
left eye. 
OS (os), gen. o'ris, pl. o'ra. Latin for mouth [B N A], 
o. exter'num, the orifice of the vagina, granu- 
lar o., an os uteri covered with granulation due to 
chronic endometritis, o. u'teri exter'num, o. 
tin'eae, the lower or distal extremity of the canal 
of the cervix uteri, o. u'teri inter'num, the 
internal or upper orifice of the canal of the cer- 
vix uteri, o. ventric'uli, the cardiac or eso- 
phageal orifice of the stomach. 
OS (os), gen. os'sis, pl. os'sa. Latin for bone. O. 
acetab'uli, the fetal bone which becomes the 
pubic portion of the acetabulum, o. basila're 
[B N A], the basilar process of the occipital bone, 
o. bre've, a short bone. o. cal'cis, the cal- 
caneum or heel-bone. o. capita'tum [B N A], 
the os magnum, o. centra'le, an accessory bone 
sometimes found on the back of the carpus. O. 
coc'cygis [B N A], the coccyx, o. coro'nae, the 
small pastern bone of the horse, o. costa'le, a 
rib bone. o. cox'ae [BN A], o. innomina'tum, 
the innominate bone. o. cuboi'deum [B N A], 
a cuboid bone. o. cuneifor'me, the cuneiform 
bone. o. cuneifor'me pri'mum [B N A], the 
internal cuneiform bone of the tarsus. O. epi- 
tympan'icum, a bone of very early fetal life 
which becomes the posterior portion of the squama 
that aids in forming the mastoid cells, o. eth- 
moida'le [B N A], the ethmoid bone. o. fron- 
ta'le [B N A], the frontal bone. o. hama'tum 
[B N A], the unciform bone. o. hyoi'deum [B N 
A], the hyoid bone. o. il'ii, the ilium, o. inci'- 
sivum [B N A], the intermaxillary bone. O. is'- 
chii [B N A], the ischium, o. lacrima'le [B N 
A], the lacrimal bone. o. lon'gum, a long bone. 
ORTHOSKIAGRAPH 
780 
o. luna'tum [BNA], the semilunar bone, 
o. mag num, the third bone in the second or 
distal row of the carpus, o. mastoi'deum, the 
mastoid bone. o. metacarpa'le [B N A], a 
metacarpal bone. o. metatarsa'le [B N A], a 
metatarsal bone. o. multan'gulum ma'jus 
[B N A], the trapezium, o. multan'gulum 
mi'nus [B N A], the trapezoid bone. o. nasa le 
[B N A], the nasal bone. o. navicula're, the 
scaphoid bone. o. occipita'le [B N A], the oc- 
cipital bone. o. orbicula're, a bonelet of the 
ear which usually becomes joined to the incus, 
o. palati'num [B N A], the palate bone. o. 
parieta'le [BN A], the parietal bone. o. pe'- 
dis, the coffin-bone of the horse, o. pisifor'me 
[B N A], the pisiform bone. o. pla'num. i. A 
flat bone. 2. The orbital plate of the ethmoid bone, 
o. pneumat'icum [B N A], a hollow bone. o. 
pu'bis [B N A], the pubis or pubic bone. o. 
sa'crum [B N A], the sacrum, o. sedenta'- 
rium, the ischium, o. sphenoida le [B N A], 
the sphenoid bone. o. tempora'le [B N A], tem- 
poral bone. o. tibia'le exter num, a small 
anomalous bone situated in the angle between the 
navicular bone and the head of the talus. o. 
trigo'num [B N A], an external tubercle at the 
back of the astragalus, sometimes occurring as a 
separate bone. o. trique'trum [B N A], the 
cuneiform bone. o. un'guis, the lacrimal bone, 
o. zygomat'icum [B N A], the malar bone. 
osazone (o'sa-zbn). Any one of a series of com- 
pounds obtained by heating sugar with phenyl- 
hydrazin and acetic acid. 
oscedo (os-se'do) [L.]. An act of yawning. 
oscheal (os'ke-al) [Gr. oaxtov scrotum]. Pertaining 
to the scrotum. 
oscheitis (os-ke-i'tis) [Gr. oaxeop scrotum + -ins 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the scrotum. 
oscheocele (os'ke-o-sel) [Gr. bux^ov scrotum + kt)Xtj 
tumor]. Tumor or swelling of the scrotum; also 
scrotal hernia. 
oscheohydrocele (os"ke-o-hi'dro-sel) [Gr. bax^ov 
scrotum + hydrocele]. Hydrocele in the sac of 
a scrotal hernia. 
oscheolith (os'ke-o-lith) [Gr. oaxcop scrotum + 
Xldos stone], A concretion in the sebaceous 
glands of the scrotum. 
OSCheoma (os-ke-o'mah) [Gr. box^bv scrotum + 
-upa tumor], A tumor of the scrotum. 
oscheoncus (os-ke-ong'kus) [Gr. oaxeoi' scrotum + 
bykos tumor]. Same as oscheoma. 
oscheoplasty (os'ke-o-plas-te) [Gr. baxcov scrotum 
+ TrXaaoeiv to mold]. Plastic surgery of the 
scrotum. 
oschitis (os-ki'tis). Same as oscheitis. 
Oscillaria (os-il-a're-ah). A genus of Alga. O. 
mala'riae, the plasmodium of malaria. 
oscillator (os'il-a-tor). An instrument used in 
the mechanic treatment of disease. 
oscillogram (os'il-o-gram). The graphic record 
made by an oscillograph. 
oscillograph (os'il-o-graf) [L. oscilla're to swing + 
Gr. ypatpew to write]. An instrument for record- 
ing electric oscillations. Such an instrument, 
working on the plan of a string galvanometer, is 
used in recording the action of the heart. 
oscillometer (os-il-om'et-er). An instrument for 
measuring oscillations; a string galvanometer. 
Same as sphygmo-oscillometer. 
oscillometry (os-il-om'et-re). The use of the 
string-galvanometer or similar apparatus. 
oscin (os'in). A substance formed by the decom- 
position of hyoscin. 
oscitate (os'it-at). To yawn. 
oscitation (os-it-a'shun) [L. oscita'tio]. The act 
of yawning. 
osculum (os'ku-lum), pl. os'cula [L.]. Any small 
aperture or minute opening. 
OSCULUM Ose (a'ze) [Ger.]. A loop at the end of a platinum 
wire inserted into a glass handle. Same as oese. 
-ose. A suffix indicating that the substance is a 
sugar. 
-osis. A termination denoting a disease or morbid 
process; sometimes a process not morbid. 
Osgood's disease (os'goodz) [Robert Bayley 
Osgood, Boston orthopedist, born 1873]. See 
Schlatter's disease, under disease. 
Osier's disease, phenomenon, sign (os'lerz) 
[Sir William Osler, Regius professor of medicine 
in the University of Oxford, 1849-1919]. See ery- 
thremia, phenomenon, and sign. 
osmatic (os-mat'ik) [Gr. bapaetv to smell]. Having 
the sense of smell. 
osmazome (os'maz-om) [Gr. bapi] odor + fapos 
broth]. A principle derivable from muscular 
fiber which gives the peculiar flavor and odor 
to roast meats and gravies. 
osmesthesia (os-mes-the'zhe-ah) [Gr. bapi] odor -f- 
aWTjais sensation]. Olfactory sensibility; ability 
to perceive and distinguish odors. 
osmic (os'mik). Containing osmium. See acid. 
osmicate (oz'mik-at). To stain or impregnate with 
osmic acid. 
osmidrosis (os-mid-ro'sis) [Gr. bapi) odor + I5p<!os 
sweat]. A condition in which the sweat has an 
abnormally strong odor. 
osmium (os'me-um) [Gr. bapi] odor: one of its 
oxids has a very strong smell]. 1. A very hard, 
gray, and nearly infusible metal; atomic weight, 
190.9; symbol, Os. See acid, osmic. 2. A homeo- 
pathic trituration of metallic osmium. O. tet- 
roxid, a crystalline compound used for staining 
histologic preparations. 
osmodysphoria (os"mo-dis-fo're-ah) [Gr. bapi] 
smell + bva- ill + vepecv to bear]. An intense and 
abnormal dislike of certain odors. 
osmogen (os'mo-jen) [Gr. wapbs impulse + yevvav 
to produce]. An embryo ferment, or one from 
which an active ferment is developed. 
osmolagnia, osmolagny (oz-mo-lag'ne-ah, oz- 
mo-lag'ne) [Gr. bapi] smell + \ayvela lust]. Sexual 
excitation produced by odor. 
osmology (os-mol'o-je) [Gr. bapi] smell + Xoyos 
treatise]. 1. Same as osphresiology. 2. That 
branch of physics that treats of osmosis. 
osmometer (os-mom'et-er). 1. [Gr. &apbs impulse 
+ perpov measure.] A device for testing or ex- 
hibiting osmotic force. 2. [Gr. bapi] smell + 
perpov measure.] An instrument for measuring 
the acuteness of the sense of smell. 
osmonosology (os"mo-nos-ol'o-je) [Gr. bapi] smell 
+ nosology], The study of disorders of the sense of 
smell. 
osmophilic (os-mo-fil'ik) [osmosis + Gr. <pi\ecv to 
love]. Readily subject to osmosis. 
osmoregulator (os-mo-reg'u-la-tor). An instru- 
ment for regulating the penetrating power of x-rays. 
osmose (os'mos). See osmosis. 
osmosis (os-mo'sis) [Gr. wapbs impulsion]. The 
passage of fluids and solutions, separated by a mem- 
brane or other porous septum, through such a par- 
tition so as to become mixed or diffused through 
each other. 
osmosum (os-mo'sum). A proprietary antiphlogis- 
tic and anodyne preparation of aluminum silicate, 
glycerin, and antiseptics: used externally. 
osmotaxis (os-mo-tak'sis) [osmosis + Gr. raips 
arrangement]. The movement of cells as affected 
by the density of the liquid containing them. 
osmotic (os-mot'ik). Pertaining to or of the nature 
of osmosis, o. pressure. See under pressure. 
osone (o'son). A compound formed by the action 
of hydrochloric acid on osazone, and capable of 
being converted into a ketone. 
osphresiology (os"fre-ze-ol'o-je) [Gr. bawqais 
smell + Xbyos treatise]. The sum of knowledge 
regarding odors and the sense of smell. 
OSE 
781 
osphresiometer (os"fre-ze-om'et-er) [Gr. batpp^ais 
smell + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the acuteness of the sense of smell. 
osphresis (os-fre'sis) [Gr. o<r<pp7j<ris smell]. The 
sense of smell. 
osphretic (os-fret'ik). Pertaining to the sense of 
smell. 
osphyalgia (os-fe-al'je-ah) [Gr. ba<pvs loin + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the loins and hips. 
osphyitis (os-fe-i'tis) [Gr. oa<pvs loin + -ms inflam- 
mation], Inflammation of the loins. 
osphyomyelitis (os"fe-o-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. ba<pvs loin 
+ myelitis], Myelitis of the lumbar region of 
the cord. 
ossa (os'ah). Latin plural of os, bone. o. car'pi, 
the bones of the wrist. O. cra'nii, the cranial 
bones, o. extremita'tis inferio'ris, the bones 
of the lower limb. o. extremita'tis superio'- 
ris, bones of the upper limb. o. lon'ga, long 
bones, o. metacarpa'lia I-V, metacarpal bones, 
o. metatarsa'lia IV, the metatarsal bones, 
o. pla'na, flat bones, o. sesamoi'dea, 
sesamoid bones, o. supersterna'lia, episternal 
bones, o. sutura'tum, wormian bones, o. 
tar'si, the tarsal bones. 
ossagen (os'aj-en). A white, therapeutic powder 
prepared from red bone-marrow and containing 
the calcium salts of its fatty acids: used in rickets, 
etc. Dose, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.). 
ossalin (os'al-in). A greenish-white fat said to 
be derived from the spinal cords of neat-cattle: 
used as an ointment-base. 
ossein (os'e-in). The animal matter of bone; 
ostein. 
osseo-albumoid (os"e-o-al'bu-moid). A protein 
derived from bone after hydration of the colla- 
gen. 
osseo-aponeurotic (os"e-o-ap-o-nu-rot'ik). Per- 
taining to bone and the aponeurosis of a muscle. 
osseocartilaginous (os"e-o-kar-til-aj'in-us). Per- 
taining to or composed of bone and cartilage. 
osseofibrous (os"e-o-fi'brus). Made up of fibrous 
tissue and bone. 
osseomucin (os"e-o-mu'sin). The homogeneous 
ground-substance which binds together the collagen 
and elastic fibrils of bony tissue. 
osseomucoid (os-e-o-mu'koid). A mucin existing 
in bone. 
osseous (os'e-us) [L. os'seus], Of the nature or 
quality of bone; bony. 
ossicle (os'ik-1) [L. ossic'ulum], Any bonelet or 
small bone. Andernach's o's, the wormian 
bones, auditory o's, the malleus, incus, and 
stapes, the bonelets of the cavity of the tym- 
panum. A fourth ossicle, the orbiculare, usually 
becomes joined to the incus, o's of Bertin, the 
sphenoturbinal bones, epactal O., a wormian 
bone. Kerkring's o., a small bone of early life 
which becomes the basilar process of the occip- 
ital bone. Riolan's o's, small bones occasion- 
ally seen in the suture between the mastoid por- 
tion of the temporal bone and the occipital bone. 
ossiculectomy (os"ik-u-lek'to-me) [L. ossicu'lum 
bonelet + Gr. eKropi] excision]. Surgical removal 
of an ossicle, or of the ossicles, of the ear. 
ossiculotomy (os"ik-u-lot'o-me) [L. ossic'ulum 
bonelet + Gr. ripveiv to cut]. Surgical incision 
of the bonelets of the ear. 
ossiculum (os-ik'u-lum), pl. ossic'ula. Latin for 
ossicle, or little bone. o. audi'tus [BN A]. See 
auditory ossicles, under ossicle. 
ossiferous (os-if'er-us) [L. os bone + je/re to bear]. 
Producing bone. 
ossiflc (os-if'ik) [L. os bone + fa'cere to make]. 
Forming or becoming bone. 
ossification (os"if-ik-a'shun) [L. ossifica'tio\. 1. 
The formation of bone or of a bony substance. 
2. Conversion into bone or a bony substance, 
OSSIFICATION OSSIFLUENCE 
782 
OSTEOCHONDRITIS 
metaplastic o., the development of bone matter 
in soft structures. 
OSSifluence (os-if'lu-ens). Softening of bony tissue, 
ossifluent abscess (os-iflu-ent). See abscess. 
ossiform (os'if-orm). Resembling bone, 
ossifying (os'if-i-ing). Changing or developing 
into bone. 
OSSin (os'in). A therapeutic liquid prepared from 
beef-bones: said to be serviceable in diabetes. 
ossiphone (os'if-on) [L. os, ossa bone 4- cpwwq 
voice]. An apparatus for enabling deaf persons to 
hear by transmitting the sound from the instru- 
ment through the bony structure of the body. 
OStalgia (os-tal'je-ah) [Gr. bcrreov bone + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in a bone or in the bones. 
ostarthritis (os-tar-thri'tis). Same as ostearthritis. 
OStauxin (os-tawk'sin). Calcium paranucleinate, a 
tasteless powder, soluble in water: used in rachitis. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.) three times a day. 
osteal (os'te-al). Bony; osseous. 
ostealbumoid (os-te-al'bu-moid). Same as osseo- 
albumoid. 
ostealgia (os-te-al'je-ah) [Gr. bcrreov bone 4- 
aXyos pain]. Pain in a bone. 
osteameba (os-te-am-e'bah). A bone-corpuscle. 
osteanabrosis (os"te-an-ab-ro'sis) [Gr. bcrreov 
bone + ava0pa>crcs eating up]. Atrophy of bone. 
osteanagenesis (os"te-an-aj-en'es-is) [Gr. bcrreov 
bone + avayevecrcs reproduction]. Reproduction 
of bone. 
osteanaphysis (os"te-an-af'is-is) [Gr. bcrreov bone 
+ avacpveiv to reproduce]. Reproduction of bone. 
ostearthritis (os"te-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. bcrreov bone 4* 
apOpov joint]. Inflammation of the bones and 
joints. See also hypertrophic arthritis, under arthri- 
tis. o. def or'mans, endemic o., a condition 
endemic in portions of Russia, marked by thicken- 
ing of the joints and softening of the articular ends 
of bones, hyperplastic o., pulmonary osteo- 
arthropathy. 
ostearthrotomy (os"te-ar-throt'o-me) [Gr. bcrreov 
bone -]- apOpov joint 4~ repvecv to cut]. Excision 
of an articular end of a bone. 
ostectomy, osteectomy (os-tek'to-me, os-te-ek'- 
to-me) [Gr. bcrreov bone 4- europ-q excision]. The 
excision of a bone. 
osteectopia, osteectopy (os"te-ek-to'pe-ah, os- 
te-ek'to-pe) [Gr. bcrreov bone 4" ^ktottos out of 
place]. Displacement of a bone. 
ostein (os'te-in) [Gr. bcrreov bone]. Same as os- 
sein. 
osteite (os'te-Tt). An independent bony element or 
center of ossification. 
osteitis (os-te-i'tis) [Gr. bcrreov bone]. Inflamma- 
tion of a bone; inflammation of the haversian 
spaces, canals, and their branches, and generally 
of the medullary cavity. The disease is marked 
by enlargement of the bone, tenderness, and 
a dull, aching pain, acute o., osteomyelitis, 
usually of septic origin. See osteomyelitis. O. 
albumin'osa, osteitis with accumulation of a 
sticky, albuminous liquid. O. carno'sa, osteitis 
fungosa. caseous o., tuberculous caries of 
bone, central o. Same as endosteitis, chron- 
ic o., central caries or bone abscess; often due to 
tuberculosis, sometimes syphilitic, condensing 
O., osteitis with hard deposits of earthy salts; 
osteosclerosis; eburnation. Called also forma- 
tive b. and sclerosing 0. cortical.o. Same as 
periostitis, o. defor'mans, rarefying osteitis 
with distortion of the bones affected, o. fibro'- 
sa, a disease characterized by defective ossi- 
fication of bones which leads to thickening, 
weakening, and deformity, the bone tissue being 
replaced by cellular fibrous tissue. It occurs chiefly 
in children, where it has been termed osteodys- 
trophia juvenilis. o. flbro'sa osteoplas'tica, 
rarefying osteitis with fibrous degeneration and 
formation of cysts, formative o. See condens- 
ing o. o. fungo'sa, chronic osteitis in which the 
haversian canals are dilated and filled with granu- 
lation tissue, gummatous o., a chronic form 
associated with syphilis, o. ossif'icans, con- 
densing osteitis, rarefying o., a bone disease in 
which the inorganic matter is lessened and the hard 
bone becomes cancellated, sarcomatous o., 
myelomatosis, sclerosing o. See condensing 
o. secondary hyperplastic o., hyper- 
trophic pulmonary osteo-arthropathy. vascular 
O., rarefying osteitis in which the spaces formed 
become occupied by blood-vessels. 
ostembryon (os-tem'bre-on) [Gr. bar too bone + 
euPpvov fetus]. Ossification of a fetus. 
OStemia (os-te'me-ah) [Gr. bcrreov bone + al pa 
blood]. Morbid congestion of blood in a bone. 
ostempyesis (os"tem-pi-e'sis) [Gr. bcrreov bone + 
tpirvqiris suppuration]. Suppuration within a 
bone. 
osteo-aneurysm (os"te-o-an'u-rizm). Aneurysm 
in a bone. 
osteo-arthritis (os"te-o-ar-thri'tis). Same as 
ostearthritis. 
osteo-arthropathy (os"te-o-ar-throp'ath-e) [Gr. 
bcrreov bone + arthropathy]. Any disease of the 
joints and bones, hypertrophic pneumic o., 
hypertrophic pulmonary o. i. Acromegaly. 
2. A disease characterized by enlargement of 
the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, 
thickening of the distal ends of bones, enlarge- 
ment of the lower jaw, and peculiar curving 
of the nails. It is believed to be due to disease 
of the lungs in which toxic matters are absorbed 
from diseased areas. Called also osteo-arthrop- 
athie hypertrophiante pnenmique, toxicogenic osteo- 
periostitis ossificans, and Bamberger-M arie disease. 
pulmonary o. See hypertrophic pneumic o. 
osteo-arthrotomy (os"te-o-ar-throt'o-me). Same 
as ostearthrotomy. 
osteoblast (os'te-o-blast) [Gr. bcrreov bone + 0Xaa- 
rbs germ]. Any one of the cells that are devel- 
oped into bone or that are directly active in the 
production of bony structures. 
osteoblastic (os"te-o-blas'tik). Pertaining to or 
composed of osteoblasts. 
osteoblastoma (os"te-o-blas-to'mah) [osteoblast 4- 
Gr. -wpa tumor]. A tumor, the cells of which tend 
to differentiate into bone-cells. The term includes 
osteoma and osteosarcoma. 
osteocachectic (os"te-o-kak-ek'tik). Relating to 
or affected with osteocachexia. 
osteocachexia (os"te-o-kak-ek'se-ah). Cachexia 
due to chronic bone disease; also chronic disease 
of bone. 
osteocampsia (os"te-o-kamp'se-ah) [Gr. bcrreov 
bone + Kapicreiv to bend]. Curvature or bending 
of a bone. 
osteocarcinoma (os"te-o-kar-sin-o'mah). i. Oste- 
oma combined with carcinoma. 2. Carcinoma 
of a bone. 
osteocartilaginous (os"te-o-kar-til-aj'in-us). Per- 
taining to or composed of bone and cartilage. 
OSteocele (os'te-o-sel) [Gr. bcrreov bone + K-qXq 
tumor], i. Bony tumor of the testis or scrotum. 
2. A hernia containing bone. 
osteocephaloma (os"te-o-sef-al-o'mah) [Gr. bcrreov 
bone 4- encephaloma]. An encephaloid tumor 
of a bone. 
osteochondritis (os"te-o-kon-dri'tis) [Gr. bcrreov 
bone + xo^Spo. cartilage]. Inflammation of both 
bone and cartilage, o. defor mans juveni'lis, 
a disease characterized by atrophy and rarefaction 
of the head of the femur during the age of growth, 
resulting in a shortened and thickened femoral 
neck and a broad flat femoral head. Called also 
Perthes' disease, Calvi-Perthes' disease, Legg's dis- 
ease, pseudocoxalgia, and coxa plana, o. dis'- 
secans, osteochondritis resulting in the splitting 
of pieces of cartilage into the joint. OSTEOCHONDROFIBROMA 
783 
OSTEONCUS 
osteochondrofibroma (os"te-o-kon"dro-fi-bro'- 
mah). A tumor containing the elements of osteoma, 
chondroma, and fibroma. 
osteochondroma (os"te-o-kon-dro'mah) [Gr. da- 
reov bone 4- xoyfipos cartilage]. Osteoma blended 
with chondroma; a tumor that is partly bone 
and partly cartilaginous. 
osteochondromatosis (os"te-o-kon-dro-mat-o'- 
sis). A condition marked by the presence of 
multiple osteochondromas. 
osteochondrophyte (os"te-o-kon'dro-fit) [Gr. 
bareov bone 4- xo^Spos cartilage 4- <pvrbv growth], 
A tumor made up of cartilaginous and bony tissue. 
osteochondrosarcoma (os"te-o-kon"dro-sar-koz- 
mah). Sarcoma blended with osteoma and chon- 
droma. 
osteochondrous (os"te-o-kon'drus) [Gr. bareov 
bone 4- xbvbpos cartilage]. Composed of bone 
and cartilage. 
osteoclasis, osteoclasia (os-te-ok'las-is, os"te-o- 
kla'ze-ah) [Gr. bareov bone 4- xAdais a breaking], 
i. The surgical fracture or refracture of bones. 
2. The absorption and destruction of bony tissue 
by osteoclastic cells. Rizzoli's o., an osteo- 
clasis consisting of a rod on which are two sliding 
padded rings, and between these a padded plate 
that can be screwed down upon the part, thus 
fracturing the bone. 
osteoclast (os'te-o-klast) [Gr. bareov bone 4- kXov 
to break], i. An instrument for use in the sur- 
gical fracture or refracture of bones. 2. Any 
large multinuclear cell concerned in the absorp- 
tion and removal of bone. 
osteoclastic (os"te-o-klas'tik). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of an osteoclast; destructive to bone, 
osteoclasty (os'te-o-klas-te). Same as osteoclasis. 
osteocomma (os"te-o-kom'ah) [Gr. bareov bone 4- 
Koppa fragment]. Any one of the pieces or mem- 
bers of a series of bony structures, as a vertebra. 
osteocope (os'te-o-kop) [Gr. berreov bone 4- ko-kos 
pain]. A severe pain in a bone or in the bones: 
generally a symptom of syphilitic bone disease. 
osteocopic (os"te-o-kop'ik). Of the nature of an 
osteocope. 
osteocranium (os"te-o-kra'ne-um) [Gr. bareov bone 
4- Kpavlov cranium]. The fetal cranium after its 
ossification. 
osteocystoma (os"te-o-sis-to'mah) [Gr. bareov bone 
4- cystoma]. A cystic tumor in a bone. 
osteodentin (os"te-o-den'tin) [Gr. bareov bone 4- 
dentin]. Dentin that resembles bone. 
osteodermia (os"te-o-der'me-ah) [Gr. bareov bone 
4- Seppa skin]. A bony formation in the skin. 
osteodiastasis (os"te-o-di-as'tas-is) [Gr. bareov 
bone 4- beaaraais separation]. The separation of 
a bone or of two bones. 
osteodynia (os"te-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. bareov bone + 
bbvvr) pain]. Pain in a bone. 
osteodystrophia (os"te-o-dis-tro'phi-ah). Defect- 
ive bone formation, o. juveni'lis. See under 
osteitis fibrosa. 
osteo-encephaloma (os"te-o-en-sef-al-o'mah) [Gr. 
bareov bone + eyKe<paXos brain 4~ -wpa tumor], 
Encephaloid tumor of bone. 
osteo-enchondroma (os"te-o-en-kon-dro'm ah). 
Same as osteochondroma. 
osteo-epiphysis (os"te-o-ep-if'is-is) [Gr. bareov 
bone 4- epiphysis}. Any bony epiphysis. 
osteofibroma (os"te-o-fi-bro'mah) [osteoma 4- 
fibroma]. A tumor containing both osseous and 
fibrous elements. 
osteogen (os'te-o-jen) [Gr. bareov bone 4* yevvdv 
to produce]. 1. The soft material from which 
bone is formed. 2. A proprietary syrup of iron 
and calcium phosphate. 
osteogenesis, osteogeny (os"te-o-jen'es-is, os-te- 
oj'en-e) [Gr. bareov bone 4- yevvdv to beget]. The 
development of the bones, o. imperfec'ta, a 
congenital disease marked by fragility of the 
bones, with resulting fractures, due to lack of for- 
mative power of the bony tissues. 
osteogenic, osteogenetic (os"te-o-jen'ik, os"te- 
o-jen-et'ik) [Gr. bareov bone + yevvdv to produce]. 
Pertaining to the development or growth of the 
bones. 
osteogenous (os-te-oj'en-us)^ Osteogenic. 
osteography (os-te-og'raf-e) [Gr. bareov bone + 
ypeupeiv to write]. A description of the bones. 
osteohalisteresis (os"te-o-hal-is-ter-e'sis) [Gr. ba- 
reov bone + aXs salt + arepelv to deprive]. Loss 
or deficiency of the mineral elements of bones. 
osteohemachromatosis (os"te-o-hem"ah-kro- 
mat-o'sis) [Gr. bareov bone 4- alpa blood + xp&pa 
color], A disease of animals marked by discolora- 
tion of the bone by blood-pigment. 
osteoid (os'te-oid) [Gr. bareov bone + e'3os form]. 
Resembling bone. 
osteolipochondroma (os"te-o-li-po-kon-dro'mah). 
Chondroma with bony and fatty elements. 
osteology (os-te-ol'o-je) [Gr. bareov bone + Xoyos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
the bones; the study of the bones. 
osteolysis (os-te-ol'is-is) [Gr. bareov bone 4- Xuais 
solution]. Decay, absorption, or soft necrosis of 
bone. 
osteolytic (os"te-o-lit'ik). Relating to or affected 
with osteolysis. 
osteoma (os-te-o'mah), pl. osteo'mata. A bony 
tumor; a hard tumor of bone-like structure de- 
veloping on a bone {homoplastic o.) and sometimes 
on other structures {heteroplastic o.). cavalry- 
man's O., osteoma at the insertion of the adductor 
femoris longus. o. denta'le, a dental exostosis, 
o. du'rum, o. ebur'neum, a tumor made up of 
hard bony tissue, o. medulla're, an osteoma 
containing marrow-spaces, o. sarcomato'sum, 
osteosarcoma, o. spongio'sum, osteoma con- 
taining cancellated bone. 
osteomalacia (os"te-o-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. bareov 
bone 4- paXaKta softness]. Softening of the 
bones; mollifies ossium, or malacosteon: a dis- 
ease marked by increasing softness of the bones, 
so that they become flexible and brittle. It is 
attended with rheumatic pains; the patient be- 
comes weak, and finally dies from exhaustion. It 
occurs chiefly in adults. 
osteomalacic (os"te-o-mal-a'sik) [Gr. bareov bone 
4- paXaKla softness]. Pertaining to or of the nature 
of osteomalacia. 
osteomalacosis (os"te-o-mal-ak-o'sis). Same as 
osteomalacia. 
osteomatoid (os-te-o'ma-toid). Resembling an 
osteoma. 
OSteomere (os'te-o-mer) [Gr. bareov bone 4- pepos 
part]. One of a series of similar bony structures, 
such as the vertebrae. 
osteomyelitis (os"te-o-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. bareov bone 
4- pveXbs marow]. Inflammation of the bone- 
marrow, or of the bone and marrow; inflammation 
of the medullary cavity of a bone. It may be 
either acute or chronic. The acute form, which 
is usually a septic condition, is marked by fever, 
chills, and depression, and is attended with sup- 
puration of the medullary cavity, with extension 
to the neighboring parts and the development of 
pyemic abscesses. The chronic form occurs after 
injury, or from rheumatism, syphilis, or tuber- 
culosis. It results in rarefaction, condensation, 
or abscess of the bone. Garre's o., sclerosing, 
non-suppurative osteomyelitis, hunger o., a 
condition with symptoms resembling those of the 
early stages of osteomalacia, occurring among those 
who have suffered from food deprivation, malig- 
nant o., myelomatosis. 
osteoncus (os-te-ong'kus) [Gr. bareov bone + 
bykos mass]. Tumor of a bone. OSTEONECROSIS 
784 
OSTIUM 
■osteonecrosis (os"te-o-nek-ro'sis) [Gr. oareov bone 
+ veKpuais death]. Death, or necrosis, of bone. 
osteoneuralgia (os"te-o-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. oareov 
bone + vevpov nerve + aXyos pain]. Neuralgia 
of a bone. 
osteopath (os'te-o-path). A practitioner of or a 
believer in osteopathy. 
osteopathic (os-te-o-path'ik). Pertaining to os- 
teopathy. 
osteopathy (os-te-op'ath-e) [Gr. oareov bone + 
rraOos disease], i. Any disease of a bone. 2. A 
system of medicine in which diseases are treated 
by manipulating the bones and by other manual 
manipulations intended to restore the deranged 
mechanism of the body. The official definition of 
osteopathy adopted by the American Osteopathic 
Association is: "That system of the healing art 
which places the chief emphasis on the structural 
integrity of the body mechanism, as being the 
most important single factor to maintain the well- 
being of the organism in health and disease." 
osteopedion (os"te-o-pe'de-on) [Gr. oareov bone 
+ irai6iov child]. Same as lithopedion. 
osteoperiosteal (os"te-o-per-e-os'te-al). Pertain- 
ing to bone and its periosteum. 
osteoperiostitis (os"te-o-per-e-os-ti'tis) [osteitis 
+ periostitis]. Inflammation of a bone and its 
periosteum. 
OSteophage (os'te-o-faj) [Gr. oareov bone + tpayeiv 
to eat]. Same as osteoclast. 
osteophlebitis (os"te-o-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. oareov bone 
4- <pXe\p vein + -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the veins of a bone. 
osteophone (os'te-o-fon) [Gr. oareov bone 4- <puvrj 
voice]. Same as audiphone. 
osteophony (os-te-of'o-ne) [Gr. oareov bone 4- 
<poovT) voice]. The conduction of sounds by bone; 
bone-conduction. 
OSteophore (os'te-o-fbr) [Gr. oareov bone 4- <pepeiv 
to carry]. A bone-crushing forceps. 
osteophyma (os"te-o-fi'mah) [Gr. oareov bone 4* 
<pvpa growth]. A tumor or outgrowth of a bone. 
osteophyte (os'te-o-flt) [Gr. oareov bone + <pvrov 
plant], A bony excrescence or osseous out- 
growth. 
osteoplaque (os'te-o-plak). A layer of bone. 
osteoplast (os'te-o-plast) [Gr. oareov bone 4- irXaa- 
ros formed]. Same as osteoblast. 
osteoplastic (os"te-o-plas'tik). i. Osteogenic. 2. 
Pertaining to osteoplasty. 
osteoplasty (os'te-o-plas-te) [Gr. oareov bone 4- 
irXaaaeiv to form]. Plastic surgery of the bones. 
osteoporosis (os"te-o-po-ro'sis) [Gr. oareov bone 
4* Tropos passage]. Abnormal porousness or rare- 
faction of bone by the enlargement of its canals 
or the formation of abnormal spaces. 
osteoporotic (os"te-o-po-rot'ik). Relating to os- 
teoporosis. 
osteopsathyrosis (os"te-op-sath-ir-o'sis) [Gr. 
oareov bone 4* xpaOvpos friable]. Fragility of the 
bones; fragilitas ossium. 
osteorrhaphy (os-te-or'ah-fe) [Gr. oareov bone 4- 
paipy suture]. The suturing or wiring of bones. 
osteosarcoma (ps"te-o-sar-ko'mah) [Gr. oareov 
bone + sarcoma], A sarcoma of bone, or a sar- 
coma containing osseous tissue. 
osteosarcomatous (os"te-o-sar-ko'mat-us). Of 
the nature of osteosarcoma. 
osteosclerosis (os"te-o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. oareov 
bone 4- aKX-qp^acs hardening]. The hardening 
or abnormal denseness of bone. o. congen'ita, 
achondroplasia, o. frag'ilis generalisa'ta, 
excessive calcification of the whole skeleton, 
characterized by a marble-like appearance of the 
bones in the roentgenogram. 
osteoscope (os'te-o-skop) [Gr. oareov bone 4- 
a Murein to view]. An instrument for testing an x- 
ray apparatus by examining a standard preparation 
of the bones of the forearm. 
osteoseptum (os"te-o-sep'tum) [Gr. oareov bone + 
septum]. The bony part of the nasal septum. 
osteosis (os-te-o'sis). Osteogenesis. 
osteospongioma (os"te-o-spon-je-o'mah) [Gr. oa- 
reov bone + a-Koyyos sponge + -wjua tumor]. A 
spongy tumor of bone. 
osteosteatoma (os"te-o-ste-at-o'mah) [Gr. oareov 
bone + aredrupa sebaceous tumor]. A suet-like 
tumor with bony elements. 
osteostixis (os"te-o-stik'sis) [Gr. oareov bone + 
arises puncture]. Surgical puncture of a bone. 
OSteosuture (os'te-o-sut-ur) [Gr. oareov bone 4- L. 
sutu'ra suture]. Same as osteorrhaphy. 
osteosynovitis (os"te-o-si-no-vi'tis). Synovitis to- 
gether with osteitis of the neighboring bones. 
osteosynthesis (os"te-o-sin'the-sis) [Gr. oareov 
bone + avvOrjais a putting together]. Union of 
the ends of a fractured bone by means of a peg of 
ivory. 
osteotabes (os-te-o-ta'bez) [Gr. oareov bone + L. 
ta'bes wasting], A disease, chiefly of infants, in 
which the cells of the bone-marrow are destroyed 
and the marrow disappears. 
osteotelangiectasia (os"te-o-tel-an-je-ek-ta'se- 
ah) [Gr. oareov bone + telangiectasia], A sarcoma 
of bone containing dilated capillaries. 
osteothrombosis (os"te-o-throm-bo'sis) [Gr. oa- 
reov bone + thrombosis]. Thrombosis of the veins 
of a bone. 
osteotome (os'te-o-tom) [Gr. oareov bone + rep- 
veiv to cut]. A knife or chisel for cutting bone. 
osteotomoclasia (os"te-o-to-mo-kla'se-ah). Os- 
teotomoclasis. 
osteotomoclasis (os"te-o-to-mok'la-sis) [Gr. oareov 
bone + ropos section 4- xXdais breaking]. Correc- 
tion of curvature of bone by partial division with 
the osteotome, followed by forcible fracture. 
osteotomy (os-te-ot'o-me) [Gr. oareov bone + rep- 
veiv to cut]. The surgical cutting of a bone, 
cuneiform o., the removal of a wedge of bone, 
linear o., the sawing or linear cutting of a bone. 
MacEwen's O., supracondylar cuneiform section 
of the femur for genu valgum, subtrochan- 
teric O., Gant's operation. See under operation. 
transtrochanteric o., division of the femur 
through the lesser trochanter for deformity about 
the hip-joint. 
osteotribe, osteotrite (os'te-o-trib, os'te-o-trit) 
[Gr. oareov bone + rpt/deiv to rub]. An instru- 
ment for rasping carious bone. 
OSteotrophy (os-te-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. oareov bone + 
rpovv nutrition]. Nutrition of bone. 
osteotylus (os-te-ot'il-us) [Gr. oareov bone 4- 
rvXos callus]. The callus inclosing the end of a 
broken bone. 
osteotympanic (os"te-o-tim-pan'ik). Same as 
craniotympanic. 
osthexia, osthexy (os-thek'se-ah, os'thek-se) [Gr. 
oareov bone 4- e^cs condition]. Abnormal ossifi- 
cation. 
ostia (os'te-ah). Plural of ostium. 
ostial, ostiary (os'te-al, os'te-a-re) [L. ostia'rius 
pertaining to a door]. Pertaining to an orifice. 
ostitis (os-ti'tis). Same as osteitis. 
ostium (os'te-um) pl. os'tia [L.]. A mouth or orifice, 
o. abdomina'le, o. abdomina'le tu'bae ute- 
ri'nae [B N A], the fimbriated end of an oviduct, 
o. arterio'sum [B N A], the auriculoventricular 
opening, o. atrioventricula're. Same as o. 
veno'sum. o. inter'num, the uterine end of an 
oviduct, o. pharyn'geum tu'bae auditi'vae 
[B N A], the nasopharyngeal end of a eustachian 
tube. o. tympan'icum, the tympanic orifice of 
a eustachian tube. o. tympan'icum tu'bae 
auditi'vae [B N A], the tympanic opening of the 
eustachian tube. o. uteri'num tu'bae uter- OSTOSIS 
785 
OTOLOGIST 
in'ae [B N A], the uterine opening of the fallopian 
tube. o. vaginae, the external orifice of the 
vagina, o. veno'sum [B N A], the venous orifice 
of the ventricles of the heart. 
ostosis (os-to'sis). Osteogenesis. 
ostreotoxismus (os"tre-o-toks-iz'mus) [Gr. barpeov 
oyster 4" to^lkov poisoning]. Poisoning that fol- 
lows the eating of diseased or unwholesome oysters. 
Ostrya (os'tre-ah) [L.; Gr. barpva hornbeam]. A 
genus of cupuliferous trees. O. virgin'ica, the 
leverwood of North America, is used in home- 
opathic practice. 
Oswaldocruzia (oz-wal-do-kru'ze-ah). A genus of 
trichostrongyline parasites inhabiting the lungs and 
intestines of reptiles and batrachians. 
OT. An abbreviation for old term in anatomy as 
distinguished from the B N A term. 
otacoustic (o-tah-koo'stik) [Gr. wraKovareiv to 
listen]. Assisting the hearing. 
otalgia (o-tal'je-ah) [Gr. uraXyta]. Pain in the ear; 
earache, geniculate o., geniculate neuralgia. 
See under neuralgia, o. intermit'tens, otalgia 
of an intermittent type, reflex o., otalgia de- 
pendent upon some lesion of the buccal cavity or 
nasopharynx, secondary o., otalgia dependent 
on inflammation of the geniculate ganglion, tab- 
etic o., otalgia in tabes dorsalis due to degenera- 
tion of the nerve of Wrisberg. 
otalgic (o-tal'jik). Pertaining to earache; also an 
earache remedy. 
otaphone (o'taf-bn). Same as otophone. 
otectomy (o-tek'to-me) [Gr. ovs ear 4- exrop-q ex- 
cision], Excision of tissues of the internal and 
middle ear. 
othelcosis (o-thel-ko'sis) [Gr. ovs ear 4- eXxwais ul- 
ceration], Suppuration of the ear. 
othematoma (o"them-at-o'mah) [Gr. ovs ear 4* 
hematoma]. Same as haematoma auris. 
othemorrhea (o"them-o-re'ah) [Gr. ovs ear 4- alpa 
blood 4- poia flow]. Hemorrhage from the ear. 
othenometer (o-then-om'et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the variations of the nervous force. 
othygroma (oth-i-gro'mah) [Gr. ovs ear 4- hygro- 
ma], A condition in which the lobe of the ear is 
distended with fluid. 
otiatric (o-te-at'rik). Pertaining to the treatment 
of ear diseases. 
otiatrics (o-te-at'riks) [Gr. ovs ear 4- iarpixos heal- 
ing]. The therapeutics of ear diseases. 
otiatry (o-ti'at-re). Otiatrics. 
otic (o'tik) [Gr. wtikos]. Pertaining to the ear; 
aural. 
oticodinia (o"tik-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. utikos aural 4- 
8lor) whirl]. Vertigo from ear disease. 
otiobiosis (o"te-o-bi-o'sis). Any disease caused by 
Otiobius (Ornithodorus'); especially the presence in 
the ear of the O. megnini. 
Otiobius (o-te-o'be-us). Same as Ornithodorus. 
otitic (o-tit'ik). Pertaining to otitis. 
Otitis (o-ti'tis) [Gr. ovs ear 4-ltis inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the ear. It is distinguished as 
o. exter'na, inter'na, or me'dia, according as it 
affects the external, internal, or middle ear. The 
disease is marked by pain, fever, abnormalities 
of hearing, deafness, tinnitus, and vertigo. O. 
croupo'sa, that which is associated with the 
formation of a fibrinous membrane, o. desqua- 
mati'va, external or medial otitis in which there 
are overdevelopment and desquamation of the 
cutaneous or mucous epithelium, o. diphther- 
it'ica. Same as 0. croupo'sa. o. exter'na, 
inflammation of the external ear. o. exter'na 
circumscrip'ta, that which affects a limited area 
or areas, o. exter'na diffu'sa, that which af- 
fects the greater part of the meatus, o. exter'na 
furunculo'sa. See furuncular 0. furuncular 
O., the formation of furuncles in the external 
meatus, o. haemorrha'gica, that which is 
caused by or attended with hemorrhage, o. 
inter'na, inflammation of the internal ear: it 
may be due to syphilis, diphtheria, scarlatina, or 
to various other causes, o. labyrinth'ica af- 
fects chiefly the labyrinth, o. mastoi'dea, otitis 
which involves the mastoid spaces, o. me'dia, 
inflammation of the middle ear. o. me'dia 
catarrha'lis acu'ta, an acute catarrhal form, 
o. me'dia catarrha'lis chron'ica, a chronic 
catarrhal form of several subvarieties, o. me'dia 
purulen'ta acu'ta, an acute suppurative form 
affecting the middle ear. o. me'dia puru- 
len'ta chron'ica, otorrhea, o. me'dia scle- 
rot'ica, dry catarrh of the middle ear. o. me'- 
dia sero'sa, one marked by a copious serous exu- 
dation. o. me'dia suppurati'va, suppurative 
inflammation of the middle ear. O. mycot'- 
ica, o. parasit'ica, that which is due to para- 
sitic fungi, o. sclerot'ica, that which is marked 
by hardening of the ear structures. 
Oto-antritis (o"to-an-tri'tis). Otitis involving 
the attic of the tympanum and the mastoid antrum. 
otobiosis (o"te-bi-o'sis). See otiobiosis. 
otoblennorrhea (o"to-blen-o-re'ah) [Gr. ovs ear + 
^\evva mucus + polo. flow]. Mucous discharge 
from the ear. 
otocephalus (o-to-sef'al-us) [Gr. ovs ear 4- Kt<paXf) 
head]. A monster-fetus lacking the lower jaw and 
having ears united below the face. 
Otocerebritis (o"to-ser-e-bri'tis) [Gr. ovs ear 4- 
cerebritis]. Inflammation of the brain dependent 
upon disease of the middle ear. 
Otocleisis (o-to-kli'sis) [Gr. ovs ear + KXeicns clo- 
sure]. Closure of the auditory passages. 
otoconia (o-to-ko'ne-ah) [Gr. ovs ear + kovls dust], 
i. A dust-like substance made up of otoliths. 2. 
Plural of otoconium. 
otoconite (o-tok'o-nit). Same as otoconium. 
otoconium (o-to-ko'ne-um), pl. otoco'nia [Gr. ovs 
ear + kovls dust]. An otolith. 
otocrane, otocranium (o'to-kran, o-to-kra'ne-um) 
[Gr. ovs ear + Kpavlov skull]. 1. The chamber in 
the petrous bone that lodges the internal ear. 2. 
The petromastoid; the auditory portion of the 
cranium. 
otocranial (o-to-kra'ne-al). Pertaining to the oto- 
cranium. 
otocyst (o'to-sist) [Gr. ovs ear 4- kvotis bladder]. 
1. The auditory vesicle of the embryo. See under 
vesicle. 2. The auditory sac of some of the lower 
animals. 
otodynia (o-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. ovs ear + bSvvi] pain]. 
Pain in the ear; earache. 
oto-encephalitis (o"to-en-sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. ovs ear 
4- encephalitis]. Inflammation of the brain due to 
an extension from an inflamed middle ear. 
otoganglion (o-to-gang'le-on) [Gr. ovs ear 4- 
yayyXiov ganglion]. The otic ganglion; Arnold's 
ganglion. 
otogenic (o-to-jen'ik). Same as otogenous. 
otogenous (o-toj'en-us) [Gr. ovs ear + yewav to 
produce]. Originating within the ear. 
otography (o-tog'raf-e) [Gr. ovs ear 4- ypatpecv to 
write]. A description of the ear. 
otohemineurasthenia (o"to-hem-e-nu-ras-the'- 
ne-ah) [Gr. ovs ear 4" r/pc- half 4- neurasthenia]. 
Nervous defect of hearing in one ear. 
otolaryngology (o"to-lar-in-gol'o-je). Otology 
and laryngology considered as a single specialty. 
otolite (o'to-lit). Otolith. 
otolith (o'to-lith) [Gr. ovs ear 4- \t9os stone]. An 
ear-stone; one of the small calcareous masses within 
the membranous vestibule, near the terminations 
of the auditory nerve. 
otologic (o-to-loj'ik). Pertaining to otology. 
otologist (o-tol'o-jist). A physician versed in 
otology. otology (o-tol'o-je) [Gr. ous ear + Xoyos discourse]. 
The sum of what is known regarding the ear. 
otomassage (o"to-ma-sahzh') [Gr. ous ear + gda- 
aeiv to knead]. The massage of the tympanic 
cavity and ossicles. 
otomucormycosis (o"to-mu-kor-mi-ko'sis) Mu- 
cormycosis affecting the ear. 
otomyasthenia (o"to-mi-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. ous ear 
+ juus muscle + aaOeveia weakness]. A debili- 
tated state of the ear muscles, interfering with 
the normal selection and amplification of sounds. 
Otomyces (o-tom'is-ez) [Gr. ous ear + pvK-qs fun- 
gus]. A genus of fungi which infest the ear. O. 
hage'ni, and O. purpu'reus have been found 
in the human ear. 
otomycosis (o"to-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. ous ear + pvKiqs 
fungus]. Any disease of the ear caused by the 
presence of fungi in the meatus, o. aspergilli'- 
na, any ear disease caused by the presence of an 
aspergillus. See myringomycosis. 
otonecrectomy, otonecronectomy (o"to-nek- 
rek'to-me, o"to-nek-ron-ek'to-me) [Gr. ous ear + 
necrectomy], The surgical removal of necrosed 
structures from the ear. 
otoneuralgia (o"to-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. ous ear + 
neuralgia], Neuralgic pain in the ear. 
otoneurasthenia (o"to-nu-ras-the'ne-ah) [Gr. ous 
ear + neurasthenia]. Neurasthenia due to ear 
disease. 
Otopathy (o-top'ath-e) [Gr. ous ear + TraOos suffer- 
ing]. Any disease of the ear. 
Otopharyngeal (o"to-far-in'je-al). Pertaining to 
the ear and pharynx. 
otophone (o'to-fon) [Gr. ous ear + <pawr) sound], 
1. An ear trumpet or other external appliance to 
aid the hearing. 2. A tube used in the ausculta- 
tion of the ear. 
otopiesis (o-to-pi'e-sis) [Gr. ous ear + irfeais 
pressing]. 1. The sinking in or depression of the 
membrana tympani. 2. Pressure upon the laby- 
rinth, producing deafness. 
Otoplasty (o'to-plas-te) [Gr. ous ear + 7rXacrcrei.v to 
form]. Plastic surgery of the ear; the surgical cor- 
rection of ear deformities and defects. 
otopolypus (o-to-pol'ip-us) [Gr. ous ear + poly- 
pus], A polypus of the ear. 
otopyorrhea (o"to-pi-or-e'ah) [Gr. ous ear + ttvov 
pus + peiv to flow]. A copious purulent discharge 
from the ear. 
otopyosis (o"to-pi-o'sis) [Gr. ous ear + iruwais sup- 
puration]. A suppurative disease of the ear. 
Otor (o'tor) [Gr. ous ear]. Pertaining to the ear; 
aural. 
otorhinolaryngology (o"to-ri"no-lar-in-gol'o-je) 
[Gr. ous ear + pls nose + Xapvy^ larynx + Xoyos 
discourse]. The sum of knowledge regarding the 
ear, nose, and larynx and their diseases. 
Otorrhagia (o-tor-a'je-ah) [Gr. ous ear + priyvbvai. 
to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the ear. 
otorrhea, otorrhoea (o-to-re'ah) [Gr. ous ear + 
peiv to flow]. A discharge from the ear, especially 
a purulent one. 
Otosalpinx (o-to-sal'pinks) [Gr. ous ear + aaXirLy^ 
trumpet]. The eustachian tube. 
otosclerectomy (o"to-skle-rek'to-me). Otosclero- 
nectomy. 
otoscleronectomy (o"to-skle-ro-nek'to-me) [Gr. 
ous ear + axX-qpbs hard + enropij excision]. Ex- 
cision of the ankylosed sound-conducting appa- 
ratus of the middle ear. 
otosclerosis (o"to-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. ous ear + 
crKX-qpbs hard]. The formation of spongy bone in 
the capsule of the labyrinth of the ear. 
Otoscope (o'to-skop) [Gr. ous ear + aKoireiu to in- 
spect]. An instrument for inspecting or for aus- 
cultating the ear. Brunton's o., an otoscope 
lighted by means of a funnel attached to the 
side. Siegle's o., an otoscope which gives a 
OTOLOGY 
786 
view of the drum-membrane when subjected to 
condensed or rarefied air. Toynbee's o., a 
tube for insertion into the ear of the patient and of 
the observer for the purpose of auscultating the 
patient's ear during politzerization. 
otoscopy (o-tos'ko-pe). Examination of the ear 
by means of the otoscope. 
Otosis (o-to'sis) [Gr. ous ear]. A mishearing; a false 
impression as to sounds uttered by others. 
otosteal (o-tos'te-al) [Gr. ous ear + bareov bone]. 
Pertaining to the ear bones. 
otosteon (o-tos'te-on) [Gr. ous ear + bareov bone], 
i. An otolith. 2. Any one of the auditory ossicles. 
ototomy (o tot'o-me) [Gr. ous ear + Tepvecv to cut]. 
The dissection or anatomy of the ear. 
Ott's test (ots) [Isaac A. Ott, American physiologist, 
born 1847]. See under tests. 
oturia (o-tu're-ah) [Gr. ous ear + ovpov urine]. A 
metastatic urinous discharge from the ear. 
O. U. An abbreviation for L. oc'ulus uter'que, each 
eye. 
ouabain (wah-ba'in). A very poisonous glucosid, 
C30H46O129H2O, from ouabaio. It is a powerful 
local anesthetic and cardiac stimulant. Dose, 
gr- (0.000066-0.000132 gm.). 
ouabaio (wah-bah'yo). An African arrow-poison 
derived from the root of Acokanthe'ra schim'peri, 
an apocynaceous plant. 
oulectomy (oo-lek'to-me). Same as ulectomy. 
oulitis (oo-li'tis). Same as ulitis. 
oulonitis (oo-lo-ni'tis). Pulpitis. 
ounce (owns) [L. un'cia]. A measure of weight. 
The ounce avoirdupois is one-sixteenth of a pound 
avoirdupois, or 437.5 grains; the troy ounce is one- 
twelfth of a pound troy, or 480 grains. See weights 
and measures, table of. 
ourology, ouroscopy, etc. (oo-rol'o-je, oo-ros'ko- 
pe). See urology, uroscopy, etc. 
outlet of the pelvis (owt'let). The inferior open- 
ing of the pelvis. 
outlimb (owt'lim). The distal part or segment of 
an extremity. 
outpatient (owt'pa-shent). A hospital patient not 
treated within the wards. 
outpocketing (owt-pok'et-ing). Inclosure of a 
pedicle or other part within the edges of the ex- 
ternal wound. 
Ov. Abbreviation for L. o'vum, egg. 
ova (o'vah). Latin plural of ovum, egg. 
ovadin (o'vad-in). A therapeutic preparation of the 
ovaries of cows and swine, containing traces of 
iodin. 
ovagol (o'va-gol). A combination of bile acids with 
albumin: said to exert a cholagogue action in the 
intestine. 
oval (o'val) [L. ova'lis], 1. Egg-shaped. 2. Having 
the outline of the long section of an egg. 
ovalbumin (o-val-bu'min) [L. o'vum egg + albu- 
min]. An albumin obtainable from the whites of 
eggs. 
ovaltine (o-val'tin). A proprietary food-prepara- 
tion composed of malt extract, dried milk, eggs, 
and cocoa. 
ovamammoid (o-vam-am'oid). A proprietary 
preparation of ovarian extract and mammary gland 
extract. 
ovaraden (o-var'ad-en). A dry, therapeutic pow- 
der prepared from animal ovaries. Dose, 15-30 
gr. (1-2 gm.): used in amenorrhea, chlorosis, and 
hysteria, o. triferrin, a combination of ovaraden 
with triferrin: used in diseases of the female 
reproductive organs. 
ovaradentriferrin (o-var-ad"en-tri-fer'in). A prep- 
aration of ovaraden and triferrin. 
ovaralgia, ovarialgia (o-va-ral'je-ah, o"va-re-al'- 
je-ah). Same as oophoralgia. 
OVARALGIA OVARIAN 
787 
OVOL 
ovarian (o-va're-an). Pertaining to an ovary or 
to the ovaries. 
ovariectomy (o"va-re-ek'to-me). Same as oopho- 
rectomy. 
ovarin (o'var-in). 1. The dried and powdered 
ovaries of cows. Daily dose, 15-75 gr- (1-5 gm.). 
2. A sterilized therapeutic extract of the ovaries 
of swine. 
ovariocele (o-va're-o-sel) [L. ova'rium ovary + 
Gr. hernia]. Hernial protrusion of an ovary. 
ovariocentesis (o-va"re-o-sen-te'sis) [L. ova'rium 
ovary + Gr. KevTtjats puncture]. Surgical punc- 
ture of an ovary. 
ovariocyesis (o-va"re-o-si-e'sis) [L. ova'rium ovary 
4- Gr. KUTjais pregnancy]. Ovarian pregnancy. 
ovariodysneuria (o-va"re-o-dis-nu're-ah) [L. ova'- 
rium ovary 4- Gr. <5 us- ill 4- vevpov nerve]. Neu- 
ralgic pain in the ovary. 
ovariohysterectomy (o-va"re-o-his-ter-ek'to-me). 
Same as oophorohysterectomy. 
ovariolytic (o-va"re-o-lit'ik) [L. ovary + Gr. 
Xvtlkos dissolving]. Destroying ovarian cells or 
tissue. 
ovariorrhexis (o-va"re-o-reks'is) [L. ova'rium ovary 
4- Gr. prints rupture]. Rupture of an ovary. 
ovariosalpingectomy (o-va"re-o-sal-pin-jek' to- 
me). Surgical removal of an ovary and oviduct. 
ovariosteresis (o-va"re-o-ste-re'sis) [L. ova'rium 
ovary 4- Gr. arepi]ai.s loss]. The extirpation of an 
ovary. 
ovariostomy (o"va-re-os'to-me). Same as oophor- 
ostomy. 
ovariotomist (o"va-re-ot'o-mist). A surgeon who 
practises ovariotomy. 
ovariotomy (o"va-re-ot'o-me) [L. ova'rium ovary 
4- Gr. to pi) cut]. Surgical removal of an ovary 
(oophorectomy); or, more commonly, the removal 
of an ovarian tumor, abdominal o., ovariot- 
omy performed through the abdominal wall, 
normal o., the removal of a healthy ovary, 
vaginal o., ovariotomy performed through the 
vagina. 
ovaritis (o-va-ri'tis). Inflammation of an ovary. 
ovarium (o-va're-um) [L.]. Ovary, o. masculi'- 
num, the appendix of the testicle. 
ovary (o'va-re) [L. ova'rium]. The female sexual 
gland in which the ova are formed. It is a flat, 
oval body connected with the posterior surface 
of the broad ligament. It is lined by peritoneum, 
and is made up of a layer of fibrous tissue (tunica 
albuginea) inclosing a mass of vascular fibrous 
tissue which contains a number of graafian vesi- 
cles, each inclosing an ovum. 
ovaserum (o-vah-se'rum). An antiserum found on 
immunizing with egg-albumin. 
ovatherapy (o-vah-theriap-e). See ovotherapy. 
overbite (o'ver-bit). The overlapping of upper 
incisor teeth over the lower. 
overcorrection (o"ver-kor-ek'shun). The use of 
too powerful lenses in correcting defect of vision. 
overde termination (o"ver-de-ter-min-a'shun). 
In psychanalysis, the assigning of too many mean- 
ings to the elements of a dream or symptom. 
overextension (o"ver-eks-ten'shun). Extension 
beyond the normal limit. 
overflow (o'ver-flo). The continuous escape of a 
fluid, as of the tears or the urine, o. of the gall, 
a popular name for jaundice. 
overhang (o'ver-hang). A filling on the proximal 
surface of a tooth at the cervical margin making a 
protruding shoulder. 
overreaching (o-ver-re'tshing). An error of gait 
in the horse, in which the toe of the hind hoof strikes 
the heel of the forefoot. 
overriding (o-ver-ri'ding). The slipping of either 
part of a fractured bone past the other. 
overstain (o'ver-stan). To stain a tissue exces- 
sively, so that certain elements maty be properly 
stained when the excess of stain is washed out. 
overstrain (o'ver-stran). An abnormal degree of 
fatigue brought about by activity. It is inter- 
mediate between fatigue and actual exhaustion. 
overstress (o'ver-stres). Excessive activity re- 
sulting in overstrain. 
overtone (o'ver-ton). Any one of the tones into 
which a clang can be resolved other than the low- 
est or fundamental tone, psychic O., the con- 
sciousness of a fringe or halo of associated rela- 
tions which surrounds every image presented to the 
mind. 
ovi albumen (o'vi al-bu'men). Latin for white of 
egg; the white of hens' eggs: used in pharmacy, 
o. vitellum, yolk of egg. 
ovicapsule (o'vi-kap-sul). The internal coat of a 
graafian follicle. 
oviducal (o'vi-du-kal). Pertaining to the oviducts, 
oviduct (o've-dukt) [L. o'vum egg 4- duc'tus duct]. 
The duct passing from either uterine cornu to the 
ovary, and serving to convey the ovum from the 
ovary to the uterus and spermatozoa to the ovary; 
a fallopian tube. 
oviferous (o-vif'er-us) [L. o'vum egg + fer're to 
bear]. Producing ova. 
ovification (o-vif-ik-a'shun) [L. o'vum egg 4~ 
fa'cere to make]. The formation of the ovum in 
the ovary; ovulation. 
oviform (o'vif-orm) [L. o'vum egg + for1 ma shape]. 
Egg-shaped; ovoid. 
ovigenesis (o-vij-en'es-is) [L. o'vum egg + Gr. 
yevvav to produce]. Oogenesis. 
ovigenetic, ovigenic, ovigenous (o"vij-en-et'- 
ik, o-vij-en'ik, o-vij'en-us). Producing ova. 
ovigerm (o've-jerm) [L. o'vum egg + ge/men 
germ]. A cell which develops into an ovum. 
ovigerous (o-vij'er-us) [L. o'vum egg + ge/ere to 
bear]. Producing or containing ova. 
ovination (o-vin-a'shun) [L. ovi'nus of a sheep]. 
Inoculation with the virus of sheep-pox. 
ovinia (o-vin'e-ah) [L. o'vis sheep]. A disease of 
sheep resembling and perhaps identical with 
smallpox; sheeppox. 
oviparous (o-vip'ar-us) [L. o'vum egg + par'ere 
to produce]. Producing ova or eggs which are 
developed outside the body; producing young from 
an egg. 
oviposition (o"vi-po-zish'un) [L. o'vum egg + 
po'nere to place]. The act of laying eggs. 
oviprotogen (o-vi-pro'to-jen). A proprietary food 
for infants and for the sick: said to be a prepara- 
tion of albumin. 
ovisac (o'vis-ak) [L. o'vum egg + sac'cus bag]. A 
graafian vesicle; the structure which holds an 
ovum while still within the ovary. 
ovist (o'vist). One who believes that the unde- 
veloped embryo exists preformed in the ovum. Cf. 
animalculist. 
ovium (o've-um). The mature ovum. 
ovi vitellus (o'vi vi-tel'lus) Latin for yolk of egg: 
used in pharmacy in preparing emulsions. 
ovocenter (o'vo-sen-ter). The centrosome of the 
ovum during fertilization. 
ovocyte (o'vo-sit). Same as oocyte. 
ovoferrin (o-vo-fer'in). A liquid preparation of a 
salt of organic iron. Dose, 2-4 fl.dr. (8-16 c.c.). 
ovogal (o'vo-gal). A proprietary cholagogue remedy, 
being a combination of bile-acids with egg-albumin. 
Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
ovogenesis (o-vo-jen'es-is). Same as oogenesis. 
ovoglobulin (o-vo-glob'u-lin). The globulin of 
white of egg. 
ovogonium (o-vo-go'ne-um). Same as oogonium. 
ovoid (o'void) [ovum + Gr. echos form]. A non- 
flagellated or female malarial microparasite. 
ovol (o'vol). Purified and medicated mutton suet 
for cosmetic and lubricating purposes. OVOLECITHIN 
788 
ovolecithin (o-vo-les'ith-in). A lecithin from eggs: 
used in tuberculosis, pancreatic diabetes, kidney 
diseases, etc. 
ovolysin (o-vol'is-in) [L. o'vum egg -f- lysin]. A 
cytotoxin which acts on egg-cells. 
OVOlytic (o-vo-lit'ik). Splitting up egg-albumen. 
ovomucin (o-vo-mu'sin). A glycoprotein from the 
white of egg. 
ovomucoid (o-vo-mu'koid) [L. o'vum egg + mu- 
coid]. A mucus-like principle derivable from 
egg-white. 
ovoplasm (o'vo-plazm) [L. o'vum egg 4- plasma]. 
The substance or protoplasm of an unfecundated 
ovule. 
ovoprotogen (o-vo-pro'to-jen). Protogen. 
ovo serum (o-vo-se'rum). The serum of an animal 
into which egg-albumin has been injected. This 
serum will precipitate the albumin from eggs of 
the same species as those from which the injection 
was made. 
ovotherapy (o-vo-ther'ap-e). Therapeutic use of 
ovarian extract, especially extract from the corpus 
luteum. 
ovovitellin (o-vo-vi-tel'in). The vitellin of egg- 
yolk. 
ovoviviparous (o"vo-viv-ip'ar-us) [L. o'vum ovum 
+ vivip'arus bringing forth alive]. Reproduction 
by eggs which are hatched within the body. 
ovular (o'vu-lar). Pertaining to an ovule or an 
ovum. 
OVUlase (o'vu-las). An enzyme thought to be present 
in living eggs and to stimulate karyokinesis. 
ovulation (o-vu-la'shun). The formation and dis- 
charge of an unimpregnated ovum from the ovary. 
ovule (o'vul) [L. ov'ulum]. 1. The ovum within 
the graafian vesicle. 2. Any small, egg-like struc- 
ture. o. of de Graaf, a graafian vesicle. Na- 
both's O's, glandules or follicles within the os 
uteri and cervical canal, often distended with 
mucus, primitive o., primordial o., a rudi- 
mentary ovum within the ovary. 
ovulin (ov'u-lin). An internal secretion of the 
ovary. 
ovulogenous (o-vu-loj'en-us). Producing or de- 
veloping from an ovule or ovum. 
ovum (o'vum) [Latin for egg]. 1. An egg. 2. 
The female reproductive cell which, after fertili- 
zation, develops into a new member of the same 
species (von Baer, 1827). The human ovum is a 
round cell about inch in diameter. It con- 
sists of protoplasm {vitellus, or yolk) inclosed by a 
cell wall, which consists of two layers, an inner one 
{zona pellucida, zona radiata) and an outer, thin one 
{vitelline membrane). There is a large nucleus 
{germinal vesicle), within which is a nucleolus 
{germinal spot), alecithal o., one which has 
very little or no food-yolk, apoplectic o., one 
which is the seat of an extravasation of blood, 
blighted o., one in which development becomes 
arrested after impregnation, centrolecithal o., 
one in which the formative yolk is arranged in 
a regular manner around the entire ovum, holo- 
b las tic o., one in which the food-yolk is scanty 
and is blended with the formative yolk, leci- 
thal o. Same as meroblastic o. male o., a 
cell-form seen in the diverticula of the seminif- 
erous tubules: supposed to be an imperfect sper- 
matozoon. Mall's o., an impregnated ovum 
about thirteen days old; also one twenty-six days 
old. meroblastic o., one with a large and 
nearly inactive food-yolk, permanent o., 
a complete ovum ready for fertilization. Peters' 
O., an ovum which was obtained five or six days 
after impregnation, primitive o., primordial 
O., any egg-cell which eventually becomes an 
ovule within the graafian vesicle, telolecithal 
o., one in which the food-yolk and formative 
yolk form each a hemisphere. 
Ox. Abbreviation for oxymel. 
oxacid (oks'as-id). Any acid that contains oxygen, 
oxalate (oks'al-at) [L. ox'alas], Any salt of oxalic 
acid. 
oxalemja, oxalaemia (ok-sal-e'me-ah) [oxalate + 
Gr. aqua blood]. The presence of an excess of 
oxalates in the blood. 
oxalethylin (oks-al-eth'il-in). A poisonous aro- 
matic liquid, C6H10N2: a heart stimulant. 
oxalic acid (oks-al'ik). See acid. 
oxalism (oks'al-izm). Poisoning by oxalic acid or 
an oxalate. 
oxaluria (oks-al-u're-ah) [L. ox'alas oxalate 4- 
uri'na urine]. The presence of an excessive 
amount of oxalic acid or of oxalates in the urine. 
oxaluric acid (oks-al-u'rik). An acid derivable 
from uric acid. 
oxalyl (ok'sal-il). The divalent group, (O : O.- 
O : O.)." 
oxalylurea (oks"al-il-u're-ah). Parabanic acid, 
(C0.NH)2C0, obtainable from uric acid by oxida- 
tion. 
oxamid (oks-am'id). The diamid of oxalic acid, 
NH2.CO.CO.NH2. It will give the biuret reaction. 
oxaphor (oks'af-or). A 50 per cent, solution of 
oxycamphor. 
ox-bot (oks'bot). The insect, Hypoder'ma linea'ris, 
whose larvae infest horned cattle. 
oxid (oks'id) [L. ox'idum], Any compound of 
oxygen with an element or radical. 
oxidase (oks'id-as). See oxydase. 
oxidation (oks-id-a'shun). The act of oxidizing or 
state of being oxidized. 
oxidize (oks'id-iz). To combine or cause to com- 
bine with oxygen. 
oxidosis (oks-id-o'sis). Same as acidosis. 
oxim, oxime (oks'im). Any one of a series of com- 
pounds formed by the action of hydroxylamin upon 
an aldehyd or a ketone. 
oxin (oks'in). A proprietary saccharated beef- 
extract. 
oxol (oks'ol). Any member of the series of bodies 
to which menthoxol, camphoxol, and naphtoxol 
belong. 
Oxone (oks'on). A proprietary hydrogen dioxid 
preparation. 
oxonemia (oks-o-ne'me-ah) [oxone acetone]. Ace- 
tonemia. 
oxonium (oks-o'ne-um). Containing tetra valent 
basic oxygen. 
oxonuria (oks-o-nu're-ah). Acetonuria. 
oxpara (oks'par-ah). A proprietary preparation for 
treating putrescent teeth. 
ox-warble. Same as ox-bot. 
oxy- [Gr. of vs keen], A prefix meaning sharp, 
quick, or sour; also denoting the presence of 
oxygen in a compound. 
oxyacanthin (oks"e-ak-an'thin). An alkaloid, Clg- 
H19NO3, from berberis. It causes cerebrospinal 
paralysis. Called also berbin. 
oxyacid (oks'e-as-id). Same as oxacid. 
oxyacoa, oxyacoia, oxyakoia (oks"e-ak-o'ah, 
oks"e-ak-oi'ah). Same as oxyecoia. 
oxyblepsia (oks-e-blep'se-ah) [Gr. 6fvs sharp 4- 
ffX&p vision]. Unusual acuity of vision. 
oxyburserasin (oks-e-bur-ser-az'in). A volatile 
substance from the resin of myrrh, claimed to be 
useful in internal wounded surfaces, tuberculous 
lesions, etc. It is injected and is said to unite with 
the blood to form a protective membrane. 
oxybutyria (oks"e-bu-tir'e-ah) [oxybutyric acid 4- 
Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence of oxybutyric 
acid in urine. 
oxybutyric acid (oks"e-bu-tir'ik). See acid. 
oxybutyricacidemia (oks"e-bu-tir-ik-as-id-e'me- 
ah). Same as oxybutyria. 
OXYBUTYRICACIDEMIA OXYCAMPHOR 
789 
OXYPHENACETIN SALICYLATE 
oxycamphor (oks-e-kamTor). A colorless, crys- 
talline powder, C8HU.CHOH.CO, obtained by 
the oxidation of camphor. It is used in dyspnea 
to allay respiratory irritability. Dose, 4 gr. (0.26 
gm.). 
oxycannabin (oks-e-kan'ab-in). A derivative of 
cannabinol, CnHHNO4: nearly inactive. 
oxycanthin (oks-e-kan'thin). A white alkaloid, 
C18H19NO3, from the root of Ber'beris vulga'ris, 
the barberry: said to paralyze and irritate the 
brain and spinal cord. 
oxycephalia, oxycephaly (oks"e-sef-a'le-ah, oks- 
e-sef'al-e) [Gr. b^vs sharp + Ke<paXp head]. The 
possession of an unusually high vertical index. 
Called also hypsicephaly, turricephaly, steeple head, 
and tower head. 
oxycephalic (oks"e-sef-al'ik). Having a steeple- 
shaped head. 
oxycephalous (oks-e-sef'al-us) [Gr. b^vs sharp -f- 
Ke<pa\i] head]. Having a high vertical index. 
oxychinolin (oks-e-kin'o-lin). A disinfecting prin- 
ciple developed in wounds on the application of 
chinosol. 
oxy chlor id (oks-e-klo'rid). A metallic chlorid con- 
taining oxygen. 
oxy chlor in (oks-e-klo'rin). A yellowish powder, 
soluble in water, being the tetraborate of sodium 
and potassium with oxychlorid of boron: used as a 
wound dressing. 
oxycholesterin (oks-e-ko-les'ter-in). An oxidized 
form of cholesterol, C26H45O, found in wool fat. 
oxycholin (oks-e-ko'lin). Muscarin. 
oxychromatic (oks"e-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. b^vs sour 
+ xp&pa color]. Staining with acid dyes; acido- 
phile. 
oxychromatin (oks-e-kro'mat-in) [Gr. b^vs sour -f- 
chromatin]. That part of the chromatin that 
stains with acid anilin dyes; linin. 
oxycinesia (oks"e-sin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. b^vs sour + 
Kiurjais movement]. Pain on motion. 
oxydase (oks'id-as). Any enzyme that produces 
oxidation; any one of a group of enzymes which 
cause oxidation processes, direct O., an oxydase 
which causes the direct transference of oxygen 
from the air. indirect o., an oxydase which 
acts only along with a peroxid. primary o. 
Same as direct o. 
oxydasic (oks-id-a'sik). Of or relating to an oxydase, 
oxydasis (oks-id-a'sis). The oxidizing action pro- 
duced by oxydase. 
oxydendron (oks-e-den'dron) [Gr. b^vs sour + bev- 
bpov tree]. A homeopathic remedy prepared 
from the leaves of Oxyden'drum arbo'reum, an 
ericaceous tree of North America. 
oxydesis (oks-e-de'sis) [Gr. d^vs sour + Seats 
binding]. The acid binding power, especially of 
the blood. In the latter it represents the greatest 
amount of HC1 (N/100) that can be added to 
oxalated blood without clumping the erythrocytes. 
oxydetic (oks-id-et'ik). Pertaining to the acid 
binding power. 
oxydum (oks'id-um). Latin for oxid.. 
oxyecoia (oks"e-e-koi'ah) [Gr. o^vs sharp + aKorj 
hearing]. Morbid ,acuteness of the sense of hear- 
ing. 
oxyesthesia (oks-e-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. o^vs keen 4- 
aMfyais feeling]. Morbid or abnormal acute- 
ness of the senses. 
oxyethylamin (oks-e-eth-il-am'in). A base found 
in kephalin. 
oxygar (oks'e-gar). Agar-agar hydrogen dioxid 
compound. It liberates O2 in the intestines, 
checking fermentation and reducing the bacterial 
content of the tract. 
oxygen (oks'ij-en) [Gr. b^vs sour + yevvav to pro- 
duce]. A gaseous element existing free in the 
air and in combination in most non-elementary 
solids, liquids, and gases; atomic weight, 16; 
symbol, O. Oxygen constitutes 20 per cent, by 
weight of the atmospheric air; it is the essential 
agent in the respiration of plants and animals, and 
is necessary to support combustion. It forms the 
characteristic constituent of most acids. It is 
administered chiefly in pulmonary diseases and 
anemia, mainly by inhalation, o. want. See 
anoxemia. 
oxygenase (oks'e-jen-as). An enzyme that acts 
by the direct transference of the molecular oxy- 
gen of the air. Oxygenases are converted into 
peroxids. 
oxygenate (oks'e-jen-at). To saturate with oxy- 
gen. 
oxygenation (oks"e-jen-a'shun). Saturation with 
oxygen. 
oxygenic (oks-e-jen'ik). Containing oxygen, 
oxygenium (oks-e-jen'e-um). Oxygen. 
oxygeusia (oks-e-gu'se-ah) [Gr. b^vs sharp + 
taste]. Unusual acuteness of the sense of taste. . 
oxyhematoporphyrin (oks"e-hem-at-o-por'fir-in). 
A pigment sometimes found in the urine, nearly 
allied to hematoporphyrin. 
oxyhemocyanin (oks"e-hem-o-si'an-in). Hemo- 
cyanin charged with oxygen. 
oxyhemoglobin (oks"e-hem-o-glo'bin). Hemo- 
globin charged with oxygen as in the arterial blood. 
oxy hydrocephalus (oks"e-hi-dro-sef'al-us). Hy- 
drocephalus in which the top of the head assumes 
a pointed shape. 
oxyiodid (oks-e-i'o-did). An oxid combined with 
its fellow iodid. 
oxykrinin (oks-e-krin'in). Same as secretin. 
oxylalia (oks-e-la'le-ah) [Gr. b^bs swift + \aXeiv to 
talk]. Swiftness of speech. 
oxyleucotin (oks-e-lu'ko-tin). A compound, C34- 
H32O12, from paracoto bark. 
oxymandelic acid (oks"e-man-del'ik). See acid. 
oxymel (oks'e-mel) [Gr. b^vs sour + /xeXc honey]. 
A medicated syrup of vinegar and honey. 
oxymethylcresoltannin (oks"e-meth"il-kre"- 
sol-tan'in). Cretaform. 
oxymorphin (oks-e-mor'fin). See dehydromorphin. 
oxymyohematin (oks"e-mi-o-hem'at-in). Oxid- 
ized myohematin from muscle. 
oxynaphthoic acid (oks"e-naf-tho'ik). See acid. 
oxynarcotin (oks-e-nar'ko-tin). An alkaloid, C22- 
H23O8N, from opium. 
oxyneurin (oks-e-nu'rin). Same as betain. 
oxyntic (oks-in'tik) [Gr. o^vveiv to make acid]. 
Secreting an acid substance. See under cell. 
oxyntin (oks-in'tin). A combination of hydrochlo- 
ric acid with albumin, containing 5 per cent, by 
weight of absolute hydrochloric acid. 
oxyopia (oks-e-o'pe-ah). Acuteness of vision. 
Oxyosis (oks-e-o'sis) [Gr. b^vs acid]. Acidosis. 
oxyosphresia (oks"e-os-fre'ze-ah) [Gr. b^vs sharp 
+ oa<ppp<ri.s smell]. Unusual acuteness of the 
sense of smell. 
oxyparaplastin (oks"e-par-ah-plas'tin). The oxy- 
phil part of paraplastin. 
oxypathia (oks-e-pa'the-ah) [Gr. o^vs sharp + rrados 
feeling]. Acuteness of sensation. 
oxypathic (oks-e-path'ik). Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by oxypathy. 
oxypathy (oks-ip'at-e) [Gr. b^vs sharp, acid + 
Traf)os disease]. Acid poisoning; inability of the 
body to eliminate unoxidizable acids which injure 
the organism by uniting with the fixed alkalis of 
the tissues. The term includes arthritism, lithemia, 
etc. 
oxyphenacetin salicylate (oks"if-e-nas'et-in). A 
salt in shining leaflets: antirheumatic and anti- 
pyretic. OXYPHENYLETHYLAMIN 
790 
oxyphenylethylamin (oks-e-f en-il-eth-il-am'in). 
See parahydroxyphenylethylamin. 
oxyphil (oks'if-il). 1. Same as oxyphilous. 2. An 
oxyphilous cell or histologic element. 
oxyphilic (oks-e-fil'ik). Oxyphilous. 
oxyphilous (oks-if'il-us) [Gr. b^vs acid + <pi\eiv to 
love]. Stainable with an acid dye. 
oxyphonia (oks-if-o'ne-ah) [Gr. b^vipoivla]. An ab- 
normally sharp quality or pitch of the voice. 
oxyphor (oks'e-for). Same as oxycamphor. 
oxypinene (oks-e-pi'nen). A gaseous substance 
formed by the union of the vapor of pinene with 
ozonized air: used by inhalation in the treatment 
of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
oxyplasm (oks'e-plazm). The oxyphil part of the 
cytoplasm. 
oxyprolin (oks-e-pro'lin). Oxy-a-pyrrolidin car- 
boxylic acid, C5H9NO3, obtained from gelatin, 
one of the cleavage-products (amino-acids) of the 
protein molecule (Emil Fischer, 1902). 
oxypropylene diisoamy lamin. A colorless 
liquid principle: a cardiac tonic and stimulant. 
oxyproteinic acid (oks"e-pro-te-in'ik). See acid. 
oxypurin (oks-e-pu'rin). A purin containing 
oxygen. The oxypurins include hypoxanthin or 
monoxypurin, xanthin or dioxypurin, and uric acid 
or trioxypurin. 
oxypurinase (oks-e-pu'rin-as). A ferment which 
oxidizes oxypurins. 
oxyquinaseptol (oks"e-kwin-as-ep'tol). Same as 
diaphtherin. 
oxyquinolin (oks-e-kwin'o-lin). A substance, 
OH.CeHs^HjsN, derived from quinolin. It is 
excreted in the urine paired with glycuronic acid. 
oxyrhine (oks'e-rin) [Gr. b^vs sharp + pls nose]. 
Having a sharp-pointed nose. 
oxyrygmia (oks-e-rig'me-ah) [Gr. o^vs sharp + 
epvypbs eructation]. Acid eructation. 
oxysalt (oks'e-sawlt). Any salt of an oxacid. 
oxysantonin (oks-e-san'to-nin). A compound 
formed in the body from ingested santonin. 
oxysepsin (oks-e-sep'sin). A toxin derived from 
a culture of bacilli of cases of tuberculosis with 
persistent high fever. In the treatment of tuber- 
culosis with added infection from cocci it is in- 
jected in connection with oxytuberculin. 
oxyspartein (oks-e-spar'te-in). A white, crystal- 
line substance, C15H24N2O, derived from spartein. 
It is soluble in water and alcohol, and is used as 
a heart stimulant, but slows the pulse. Hypo- 
dermic dose, |-r| gr. (0.04-0.1 gm.), o. hydro- 
chlor id, sometimes administered before general 
anesthetization. Dose, gr. (0.03-0.04 gm.). 
oxyspore (oks'e-spor) [Gr. ofus sharp + airbpos 
spore]. See exo to spore. 
oxytocic (oks-e-to'sik) [Gr. b^vs swift + tokos birth]. 
1. Hastening the process of childbirth. 2. A 
medicine which accelerates delivery. 
oxytoxin (oks-e-tok'sin). Any substance pro- 
duced by the oxidation of a toxin. 
oxytrimethylbutyrobetain (oks"e-tri-meth"il- 
bu-ti"ro-be-ta'in). See carnutin. 
oxytropism (oks-it'ro-pizm^ [oxygen + Gr. rpeireiv 
to turn]. Response of living cells to the stimulus 
of oxygen. 
oxy tuberculin (oks"e-tu-ber'ku-lin). A tuberculin 
from cultures of an extremely virulent bacillus, 
modified by oxidation with hydrogen dioxid: 
it is injected in relatively large amounts. 
oxyuriasis (oks-e-u-ri'as-is). Infection with the 
oxyuris; pin-worm or seat-worm infection. 
oxyuricide (oks-e-u'ris-id) [oxyuris + L. ca'dere 
to kill]. A medicine which destroys the oxyuris. 
oxyurid (oks-e-u'rid). A seat-worm or thread- 
worm. 
oxyurifuge (oks-e-u'rif-uj). Same as oxyuricide. 
Oxyuris (oks-e-u'ris) [Gr. b^vs sharp + ovpa tail]. 
A genus of nematode, intestinal worms of the 
family Ascaridse. O. vermicula'ris, the seat- 
worm or pin-worm, a minute thread-like worm, 
found in the cecum and in the rectum of children, 
and causing itching and reflex disturbances. 
They are characterized by two cuticular ridges 
along the ventral and dorsal surface of the body. 
O. appendicula'ta and 0. diesin'gi are found in the 
cockroach (Periplaneia orientalis). 
oxyvaselin (oks-e-vas'e-lin). Same as vasogen. 
oxyzymol (oks-e-zi'mol). Same as carvacrol. 
oyster-shuckers' keratitis (oi'ster-shuk-erz). 
See keratitis. 
oz. An abbreviation for ounce. 
ozalin (o'zal-in). A proprietary disinfectant mix- 
ture. 
ozena, ozaena (o-ze'nah) [Gr. of77 stench]. A 
disease of the nose with an offensive discharge. 
It is due to caries, rhinitis, and syphilitic dis- 
ease. o. laryn'gis, the bad odor of atrophic 
rhinitis. 
ozenous, ozaenous (o'ze-nus). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of ozena. 
ozocerite, ozokerit (o-zo-se'rit, o-zok-e'rit) [Gr. 
b^ew to smell + Krjpos wax]. Ceresin. 
ozochrotia (o-zo-kro'she-ah) [Gr. to smell + 
Xpws skin]. Strong odor of the skin. 
ozogen (o'zo-jen). A proprietary solution of 
hydrogen dioxid. 
ozomulsion (o-zo-mul'shun). A proprietary prepa- 
ration of ozonized cod-liver oil and guaiacol: 
used in tuberculosis and wasting diseases. 
ozonator (o'zo-na-tor). An instrument for gener- 
ating ozone. 
ozone (o'zon) [Gr. o^eiv to smell]. An allotropic 
and more active form of oxygen, O3: antiseptic and 
disinfectant, o.-ether, a mixture of ethylic 
ether, hydrogen dioxid, and alcohol: used as an 
antiseptic and for whooping-cough and diabetes. 
Dose, 30-60 gr. (2-4 gm.). 
ozonide (o'zo-nid). A compound of an olefin and 
ozone; the union taking place at the double bond. 
ozonize (o'zo-niz). To impregnate with ozone, 
ozonized (o'zon-izd). Containing ozone. 
ozonizer (o'zo-ni-ser). An apparatus for applying 
ozone to wounds, sinuses, etc. 
ozonoform (o-zo'no-form). A proprietary anti- 
septic mouth-wash. 
ozonol (o'zo-nol). A proprietary remedy for dis- 
eases of the mucous membranes. 
ozonometer (o-zo-nom'et-er) [ozone + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for estimating the ozone 
in the air. 
ozonophore (o-zo'no-for) [ozone + Gr. tpepeiv to 
bear], 1. One of the granular elements of cell- 
protoplasm. 2. A red blood-corpuscle. 
ozonoscope (o-zo'no-skop) [ozone + Gr. vKoireiv 
to view]. An instrument for studying ozone and 
its effects. 
ozophene (o'zo-fen). An alkaline antiseptic coal- 
tar preparation. 
ozostomia (o-zo-sto'me-ah) [Gr. b^r) stench -|- 
aropa mouth]. Foulness of the breath. 
OZOSTOMIA 791 
PACHYSALPINGITIS 
p 
P. The symbol for phosphorus; an abbreviation 
for presbyopia, pulse, pupil, and L. pon'dere, by 
weight. 
p. An abbreviation for para. 
P. A. Abbreviation for pulpo-axial. 
P. wave. See under wave. 
pabular (pab'u-lar). Pertaining to or of the nat- 
ure of pabulum. 
pabulin (pab'u-lin) [L. pab'ulum food]. An albu- 
minous substance found in blood just after di- 
gestion. 
pabulum (pab'u-lum). Latin for food, or aliment. 
pacchionian bodies, depressions (pak-ke- 
o'ne-an) [named from Antonio Pacchioni, an 
Italian anatomist, 1665-1726]. See body, depres- 
sion. 
pacemaker of the heart. See sino-auricular 
node, under node. 
pachemia (pak-e'me-ah). Same as pachyemia. 
pachometer (pak-om'et-er). Same as pachy- 
meter. 
Pachon's method (pash-awns') [Michel Victor 
Pachon, French physician, born 1867]. See under 
method. 
pachulosis (pak-u-lo'sis). Same as pachylosis. 
pachy- (pak'e-) [Gr. iraxus thick]. A prefix signi- 
fying thick. 
pachyacria, pachyakria (pak-e-a'kre-ah) [Gr. 
Traxvs thick -p aKpov end], 1. Same as acromeg- 
aly. 2. A condition characterized by enlarge- 
ment of the soft parts of the extremities, but not 
of the bones. 
pachyaemia (pak-e-e'me-ah). See pachyemia. 
pachyblepharon (pak-e-blef'ar-on) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + fiXetpapop eyelid]. A thickening of the 
eyelid, chiefly near the border. 
pachycephalia, pachycephaly (pak"is-ef-a'le- 
ah, pak-is-ef'al-e). Abnormal thickness of the walls 
of the skull. 
pachycephalic, pachycephalous (pak"e-se-fal'- 
ik, pak-e-sef'al-us) [Gr. Traxvs thick + KetpaXy 
head]. Having an abnormally thick skull. 
pachychilia (pak-e-ki'le-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick + 
X«iXos lip]. Thickness of the lips. 
pachycholia (pak-e-ko'le-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick 
+ x°Xij bile]. Abnormal thickness of the bile. 
pachychromatic (pak"e-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + xpwpa color]. Having thick chromatin 
threads. 
pachychymia (pak-e-kim'e-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick + 
Xvpbs juice] Undue thickness of the chyme. 
pachycolpismus (pak"e-kol-piz'mus) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + koXttos vagina]. Pachyvaginitis. 
pachydactyly (pak-e-dak'til-e) [Gr. Traxvs thick 
+ SaKrvXos finger]. Enlargement of the fingers 
and toes. 
pachyderma, pachydermia (pak-e-der'mah, pak- 
e-der'me-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick + Seppa skin]. 
Abnormal thickness of the skin. 
pachydermatocele (pak"id-er-mat'o-sel) [Gr. -wa- 
Xvs thick + Seppa skin + K^Xr) tumor]. 1. Same 
as dermatolysis. 2. Same as plexiform neuroma. 
See under neuroma. 
pachydermatosis (pak"e-der-mat-o'sis) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + dermatolysis]. Chronic pachydermia, or 
rosacea hypertrophica. 
pachydermatous (pak-e-der'mat-us). Having 
a thick skin. 
pachydermia (pak-e-der'me-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick 
+ Seppa skin]. Hypertrophy, or thickening, of 
the skin. p. laryn'gis, that condition in which 
the laryngeal epithelium assumes an epidermoid 
character, due to chronic catarrhal laryngitis, 
p. ves'ica, a dry, thickened condition of the 
mucous membrane of the bladder. 
pachydermic (pak-e-der'mik). Characterized by 
abnormal thickness of the skin. 
pachyemia, pachyaemia (pak e-e'me-ah) [Gr. 
Traxvs thick + al pa blood]. Thickening of the 
blood; a thick condition of the blood. 
pachyglossia (pak-e-glos'e-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick 
+ yXuaaa tongue]. Abnormal thickness of the 
tongue. 
pachygnathous (pak-ig'nath-us) [Gr. Traxvs thick 
4- ypaOos jaw]. Having a large jaw. 
pachyhematous (pak-e-hem'at-us). Pertaining to 
or possessing thickened blood. 
pachyhemia (pak-e-he'me-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick + 
alpa blood]. Thickening of the blood. 
pachyhymenic (pak"e-hi-men'ik) [Gr. Traxvs thick 
+ vprip membrane]. Having an abnormally thick 
skin. 
pachyleptomeningitis (pak"e-lep-to-men-in-ji'- 
tis) [Gr. Traxvs thick + Xesirbs thin + pfjpcy^ mem- 
brane + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the dura and pia together. 
pachylosis (pak-il-o'sis) [Gr. TraxvXos thick]. A 
chronic disease in which the skin, particularly 
that of the legs, becomes dry, thick, and harsh. 
pachymenia (pak-im-e'ne-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick -f- 
i>pr)P membrane]. A thickening of the skin or of 
a membrane. 
pachymenic (pak-e-men'ik). Having an abnor- 
mally thick skin or membrane. 
pachymeningitis (pak"e-men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + pfjpiy^ membrane + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the dura mater. The symptoms 
of the disease resemble those of meningitis, 
cerebral p., inflammation of the dura of the 
brain, external p., inflammation of the outer 
layers of the dura, hemorrhagic internal p., 
dural hematoma, internal p., that which affects 
the inner layer of the dura, serous internal 
p., the so-called external hydrocephalus, spinal 
p., inflammation of the dura of the spinal col- 
umn. syphilitic p., that which is caused by 
syphilis. 
pachymeninx (pak-e-me'ninks) [Gr. Traxvs thick + 
/xt/vc/J membrane], The dura mater. 
pachymeter (pak-im'e-ter) [Gr. Traxf's thick + /xe- 
rpov measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
thickness of objects. 
pachynsis (pak-in'sis) [Gr. Traxvvais]. Thickening; 
especially, abnormal thickening. 
pachyntic (pak-in'tik). Marked by unusual thick- 
ening. 
pachyotia (pak-e-o'she-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick + ovs 
ear]. Marked thickness of the ears. 
pachypelviperitonitis (pak"e-pel"ve-per-it-o-ni'- 
tis) [Gr. Traxvs thick + pelvic + peritonitis]. 
Pelvic peritonitis with thickening of the affected 
parts. 
pachyperitonitis (pak"e-per-it-o-ni'tis)[Gr. Traxvs 
thick + peritonitis]. Peritonitis with thickening 
of the affected membrane. 
pachypleuritis (pak"e-plu-ri'tis) [Gr. Traxvs thick 
+ pleuritis]. Inflammation of the pleura, with 
thickening. 
pachypodous (pak-ip'od-us) [Gr. Traxvs thick + 
ttovs foot]. Having abnormally thick feet. 
pachyrhizid (pak-ir-i'zid). A poisonous glucosid 
from Pachyrhi'zus angula'tus, a plant of various 
tropical regions. 
pachysalpingitis (pak"e-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + aaXTrryJ tube + -iris inflammation]. 
Chronic interstitial inflammation of the muscular PACHYSALPI NGO-OOTH ECITIS 
792 
PALATOGLOSSAL 
coat of the oviduct, producing thickening. Called 
also mural salpingitis and parenchymatous sal- 
pingitis. 
pachysalpingo-obthecitis (pak-e-sal"ping-o-o"- 
' o-the-si'tis) [Gr. Traxvs thick + aaKircy^ tube + 
ovary + -itis]. Chronic parenchymatous 
inflammation of the ovary and oviduct. 
pachysalpingo-ovaritis (pak"e-sal-pin"go-o- 
var-i'tis) [Gr. Traxvs thick + aaXTrry£ tube + L. 
ova'rium ovary]. Inflammation of the ovary 
and oviduct in which the parts have become hard- 
ened and atrophic. 
pachysomia (pak-e-so'me-ah) [Gr. Traxvs thick + 
a or pa body]. Abnormal thickening of parts of 
the body. 
pachytrichous (pak-it'rik-us) ]Gr. Traxvs thick + 
0pl^ hair]. Having thick hair. 
pachyvaginalitis (pak"e-vaj-in-al-i'tis) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + vaginalitis]. Inflammatory thickening 
of the tunica vaginalis. 
pachyvaginitis (pak"e-vaj-in-i'tis) [Gr. Traxvs 
thick + vaginitis]. Chronic vaginitis with thick- 
ening of the vaginal walls. 
pacinian (pa-sin'e-an). Described by or named 
for Filippo Pacini, Italian anatomist, 1812-1883. 
p. corpuscles. See corpuscle. 
pacinitis (pas-in-i'tis). Inflammation of the pa- 
cinian corpuscles. 
pack (pak). Treatment by wrapping a patient in 
blankets, wet or dry; also the blankets in which 
a patient is packed, cold p., the wrapping of a 
patient in blankets or sheets dipped in cold 
water, dry p., the wrapping of a patient in dry, 
hot blankets, hot p., the wrapping of a patient 
in hot blankets, wet or dry. wet p., the packing 
of a patient in wet blankets or sheets, hot or cold. 
packer (pak'er). An instrument for introducing 
dressings into the vagina. 
packing (pak'ing). 1. The act of filling a wound 
or cavity with gauze, sponge, or other material. 
2. The substance used for filling a cavity. 3. 
Treatment with the pack. 
pad, dinner (pad). A pad placed over the stomach 
before a plaster jacket is applied. The pad is then 
removed, leaving space under the jacket to take 
care of expansion of the stomach after eating. 
Mikulicz's p., a pad composed of folded gauze: 
used in surgical work, occlusal p., a pad which 
covers the occlusal surface of a tooth, sucking or 
suctorial p., a tabulated mass of fat which 
occupies the space between the masseter and the 
external surface of the buccinator. It is well 
developed in infants. Called also fatty ball of 
Bichat and corpus adiposum buccce. 
P. se. Abbreviation for L. par'tes aqua'les, in equal 
parts. 
peed-, paedo-, etc. For words thus beginning, see 
those beginning ped-, pedo-, etc. 
pageism (pa'jism). Sexual perversion in which 
the pervert imagines himself a page to a beauti- 
ful woman. 
Pagenstecher's circle, ointment (pahg'en-stek- 
erz) [Alexander Pagenstecher, German ophthal- 
mologist, 1828-1879]. See circle and ointment. 
pageol (paj'e-ol). A proprietary urinary antiseptic. 
Paget's abscess, disease, etc. (paj'ets) [Sir 
James Paget, English surgeon, 1814-1899]. See 
abscess, disease, etc. 
pagoplexia (pa-go-pleks'e-ah) [Gr. irayos frost + 
ir\T)yq stroke]. Frost-bite, or chilblain. 
Pahvant valley plague (pah'vant). See alkali 
disease, under disease. 
paidology (pi-dol'o-je) [Gr. Trais child + \byos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
childhood. 
pain (pan) [L. ptPna, do'lor]. 1. Distress or suf- 
fering. 2. A rhythmic contraction of the uterus 
in labor, after-p's, the expulsive contractions 
of the uterus which follow childbirth, bearing- 
down p., a variety of pain in the female repro- 
ductive organs occurring in various local diseases 
or in childbirth, boring p., a sensation as of 
being pierced with a gimlet. Called also tere- 
brant p. Brodie's p., pain induced by folding 
the skin near a joint affected with neuralgia. 
Charcot's p's, rheumatism of a testicle, dilat- 
ing p's, those of the first stage of labor, expul- 
sive p's, those of the second and final stages of 
labor, false p's, ineffective pains which resemble 
labor-pains, but which do not indicate the beginning 
of real labor, fulgurant p's, intense moment- 
ary pains, coming and going with swiftness like that 
of lightning: they are especially characteristic 
of tabes dorsalis. Called also shooting, p's. girdle- 
p., a painful sensation as of a cord about the 
waist, growing p's, quasi-rheumatic pains pecu- 
liar to early youth, hunger-p., pain coming 
on at the time for feeling hunger for the next meal: 
a symptom of gastric disorder, ideogenous p., 
pain caused by an erroneous idea; mentally pro- 
duced pain, imperative p., a persisting pain- 
ful sensation felt in psychasthenia, intermen- 
strual p., a pain occurring during the period 
between the menses, p.-joy, the hysteric en- 
joyment of pain, jumping p., a peculiar pain 
in joint diseases when the bone is laid bare by 
ulceration of the cartilage._ lancinating p., 
a sharp, darting pain, lightning p's, the 
cutting and intense darting pains of locomotor 
ataxia. See also fulgurant p's. mid-p., middle 
p., intermenstrual pain, niggling p's, the ear- 
liest pains of puerperal labor. osteocopic 
p. Same as osteocope. parenchymatous p., 
pain at the peripheral end of a nerve, pre- 
monitory p's, ineffective uterine contrac- 
tions before the beginning of true labor, referred 
p., pain in a part other than that in which the 
cause that produced it is situated, p.-sense, the 
sense by which the pain is perceived, shooting 
p., a fulgurant pain, spot-p's, pains which seem 
like patches on the integument, starting-p's, 
pain and muscular spasm in the early stages of sleep, 
terebrant p., terebrating p. Same as bor- 
ing p. wandering p., a pain which repeatedly 
changes its location. 
painters' colic (pan'terz). See colic. 
Pajot's hook (pazh-oz') [Charles Pajot, French ob- 
stetrician, 1816-1896]. See under hook. 
pala (pa'lah) [L. " spade "]. A thin, spade-like 
layer connecting the fimbriae with the cerebrum. 
palseencephalon. See paleencephalon. 
palseogen'esis. See palingenesis (2d def.), 
palaeopathology. See paleopathology. 
palaeothalamus. See paleothalamus. 
palatal (pal'at-al). Pertaining to the palate. 
palate (pal'at) [L. pala'turn]. 1. The roof of the 
mouth. 2. A popular designation for the uvula, 
or pendulum of the palate, artificial p., a plate 
to close a cleft of the palate, cleft-p., a palate 
having a congenital fissure in the median line, 
falling p., an elongated uvula, hard p., the 
anterior part of the roof of the mouth; the bony 
palate, p.-hook, a hook for raising the palate in 
rhinoscopy, pendulous p., the uvula, soft 
p., the part of the palate near the uvula. 
palategraph (pal'at-graf) [palate + Gr. ypatpeiv to 
record]. An apparatus for registering motions 
of the soft palate. 
palatiform (pal-at'if-orm) [L. pala'tum palate + 
fop ma form]. Resembling the palate. 
palatine (pal'a-tin) [L. pcdati'nus]. Pertaining to 
the palate. 
palatinoid (pal-at'in-oid). A form of vehicle for 
the administration of volatile or unpalatable medi- 
cines. 
palatitis (pal-at-i'tis). Inflammation of the palate, 
palatoglossal (pal"at-o-glos'al). Pertaining to 
the palate and tongue. palatoglossus (pal"at-o-glos'us) [L. pala'tum 
palate + Gr. yX&aaa tongue]. See muscles, 
table of. 
palatognathous (pal-at-og,na-thus) [L. pala'tum 
palate 4- Gr. yvddos jaw]. Having a congenitally 
cleft palate. 
palatograph (pal'at-o-graf) [L. pala'tum palate 4- 
Gr. ypa<pw to write]. An instrument to record 
the movements of the palate in speech. 
palatography (pal-at-og'raf-e). The making of 
graphic records of the movements of the palate in 
speech. 
palatomaxillary (pal"at-o-mak'sil-a-re). Per- 
taining to the palate and the superior maxillary 
bone. 
palatomyograph (pal"at-o-mi'o-graf) [L. pala'- 
tum palate 4- Gr. pvs muscle 4- ypaipetp to write]. 
An instrument used in registering palatal move- 
ments. 
palatonasal (pal"at-o-na'zal) [L. pala'tum palate 
4~ na'sus nose]. Pertaining to the palate and 
nose. 
palatopharyngeal (pal"at-o-far-in'je-al) [L. pal- 
a'tum palate 4- phar'ynx pharynx]. Pertaining 
to the palate and pharynx. 
palatopharyngeus (pal"at-o-far-in'je-us). See 
muscles, table of. 
palatoplasty (pal'at-o-plas-te) [L. pala'tum palate 
4- Gr. TrXdaaeii' to form]. Plastic surgery of the 
roof of the mouth. 
palatoplegia (pal"at-o-ple'je-ah) [L. pala'tum 
palate 4- Gr. irXrfyif stroke]. Paralysis of the 
palate. 
palatorrhaphy (pal-at-or'af-e) [L. pala'tum palate 
4- Gr. paip-q suture]. Staphylorrhaphy; the sutu- 
-.ation of a cleft-palate. 
palatosalpingeus (pal"at-o-sal-pin'je-us) [L. pala'- 
tum palate 4- Gr. vaXircy^ tube]. The tensor 
palati muscle. 
palatoschisis (pal-at-os'kis-is) [L. pala'tum palate 
4- Gr. axlais cleft]. Fissure of the palate. 
palatostaphylinus (pal"at-o-staf-il-i'nus) [L. pal- 
a'tum palate 4- Gr. <rTa.<pvXr) uvula]. A muscular 
slip going to the uvula. 
palato-uvularis (pal"at-o-u-vu-la'ris) [L. pala'- 
tum palate 4* u'vula uvula]. The azygos uvulae 
muscle. 
palatum (pal-a'tum) [LJ. The palate, p. du'- 
rum [B N A], the hard palate, p. mol'le [B N 
A], the soft palate. 
paleencephalon (pa"le-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. iraXalos 
old 4- 'eyKetpaXop brain]. The old brain; all of the 
brain except the cerebral cortex and its dependen- 
cies. 
paleocerebellum (pa"le-o-ser-e-bel'um). The 
earlier formed part of the cerebellum, comprising 
the vermis and flocculus. Cf. neocerebellum. 
paleo-encephalon (pa"le-o-en-sef'al-on). Pale- 
encephalon. 
paleogenesis (pa"le-o-jen'es-is). Same as palin- 
genesis (2d def.). 
paleogenetic, palaeogenetic (pa"le-o-jen-et'ik) 
[Gr. iraXaios old 4- yeppap to produce]. Origin- 
ated in the past; not newly acquired. 
paleokinetic (pa"le-o-kin-et'ik) [Gr. TraXatos old 
4- KLP-qTiKbs pertaining to motion]. The nervous 
motor mechanism concerned in automatic asso- 
ciated movements. It is under the control of the 
corpus striatum and represents a primitive (that is, 
early developed) type of motor control. Cf. 
neokinetic. 
paleontology, palaeontology (pa"le-on-tol'o-je) 
[Gr. iraXacbs old 4* Xbyos treatise]. The sum of 
knowledge regarding the early forms of life upon 
the earth. 
paleopathology (pa"le-o-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. iraXaubs 
old 4- pathology]. The study of disease in bodies 
preserved from ancient times, such as mummies. 
PALATOGLOSSUS 
793 
paleostriatal (pa"le-o-stri-a'tal). Pertaining to 
the paleostriatum, p. syndrome, juvenile paral- 
ysis agitans. See paralysis agitans. 
paleostriatum (pa"le-o-stri-a'tum) [Gr. iraXaws 
old 4- striatum]. The primordial or more early 
formed portion of the corpus striatum represented 
by the globus pallidus. Cf. neostriatum. 
paleothalamus (pa"le-o-thal'am-us) [Gr. iraXalos 
old + thalamus]. Old thalamus; the phylogenetic- 
ally older part of the thalamus, i. e., the medial 
(non-cortical) portion of the thalamus. 
palikinesia (pal-e-kin-e'se-ah) [Gr. iraXiP back- 
ward + KlyrjaLS movement]. Pathologic repeti- 
tion of movements. 
palilalia (pal-il-al'e-ah) [Gr. iraXti' backward 4" 
XaXeip to babble]. Pathologic repetition of words. 
palinal (pal'in-al) [Gr. TraXip backward]. Directed 
or moved backward. 
palindromia (pal-in-dro'me-ah) [Gr. iraXipSpopia a 
running back]. The recurrence of a disease. 
palindromic (pal-in-dro'mik). Returning; re- 
current. 
palinfromic (pal-in-from'ik). Recurring or re- 
lapsing. 
palingenesis (pal-in-jen'es-is) [Gr. TraXir again + 
yepeoLS birth], i. The regeneration or restora- 
tion of a lost part. 2. The appearance of ances- 
tral characters in successive generations. 
palingraphia (pal-in-gra'fe-ah) [Gr. TraXip again 4- 
ypaipeip to write]. Pathologic repetition of letters, 
words, or parts of words in writing. 
palinmnesis (pal-in-ne'sis) [Gr. iraXip again 4- 
ppijars memory]. Memory for past events or ex- 
periences. 
palinphrasia (pal-in-fra'ze-ah) [Gr. iraXiP again + 
tppaaLs speech]. Pathologic repetition, in speaking, 
of words or phrases. 
paliphrasia (pal-if-ra'ze-ah). Palinphrasia. 
palirrhea, palirrhoea (pal-ir-e'ah) [Gr. TraXlppoia]. 
1. Regurgitation. 2. The recurrence of a dis- 
charge. 
palisade layer (pal-is-ad'). See under layer. 
palistrophia (pal-is-tro'fe-ah) [Gr. iraXiP again + 
arptupecp to turn]. Twisting of the spine upon 
itself (F. Massa, 1900). 
palite (pal'It). A war gas. See chloromethylchloro- 
formate.. 
palladium (pal-a'de-um) [L.]. 1. A rare, hard 
metal resembling platinum; symbol, Pd; specific 
gravity, 11.8; atomic weight, 106.7. 2. A home- 
opathic preparation of the same metal. p. 
chlorid, PdCb, an agent recommended for use in 
tuberculosis. 
pallanesthesia, pallanaesthesia (pal"an-es- 
the'ze-ah) [Gr. iraXXeip to quiver 4- anesthesia]. 
Loss of vibration-senses; insensibility to the vibra- 
tions of a tuning-fork. 
pallescence (pal-es'ens) [L. palles'cere to grow 
pale]. Pallor, or paleness; a pale appearance. 
pallesthesia (pal-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. iraXXeip to 
shake 4- tuaOrfcris feeling]. Sensibility to vibra- 
tions; the peculiar vibrating sensation felt when a 
vibrating tuning-fork is placed against a sub- 
cutaneous bony prominence of the body. Called 
also bone sensibility. 
pallial (pal'e-al). Pertaining to the pallium. 
palliate (pal'e-at). To reduce the severity of; to 
relieve. 
palliative (pal'e-a-tiv) [L. pallia'tus cloaked], 1. 
Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating 
medicine. 
pallidal (pal'id-al). Pertaining to the globus pali- 
dus. p. syndrome, p. system. See syndrome 
and system. 
pallidin (pal'id-in). A suspension made from the 
lungs of congenital syphilitics rich in Spirochceta 
pallida: used in cutaneous test for syphilis. 
PALLIDIN pallidum (pal'id-um) [L. " pale "]. The globus 
pallidus of the brain. 
pallium (pal'e-um) [L. "cloak"]. The cortex of the 
cerebrum with its underlying white substance; 
called also mantle and brain-mantle. 
pallor (pal'or) [L.]. Paleness; absence of skin- 
coloration. 
palm (pahm) [L. palma], 1. The hollow, or flexor 
surface, of the hand. 2. Any tree of the order 
Palma'cea. p.-oil. See oil. 
palmae plicatse (pal'me pli-ka'te). The branching 
folds of the interior of the vagina. 
palmar (pah'mar) [L. pal'maris; pal'ma palm]. 
Pertaining to the palm. 
palmaris (pal-ma'ris). See muscles, table of. 
palmature (pal'mat-ur) [L. pal'ma palm]. A 
webbed state of the fingers. 
palmellin (pal-mel'in). A red pigment from a 
fresh-water alga called Palmel'la cruen'ta. 
palmetto, saw-(pal-met'o). See Serenoa. 
palmiacol (pal-mi'ak-ol). A compound, pyro- 
catechin methyl ether, C23H40O2, from creosote: 
used in pulmonary disorders. 
palmic (pal'mik) [Gr. TraXjuixos]. 1. Pertaining to 
palmus, or muscular twitchings. 2. Pertaining to 
the pulse. 
palmin (pal'min). Same as palmitin, p. test. 
See under test. 
palmitic acid (pal-mit'ik). See acid. 
palmitin (pal'mit-in). A crystallizable and saponi- 
fiable fat, CsHsfCisHsiOals, from various fats and 
oils; glyceryl tripalmitate. 
palmitone (pal'mit-6n). A compound, C31H82O2, 
obtained when palmitic acid is distilled with slaked 
lime. 
palmodic (pal-mod'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with palmus. 
palmoform (pal'mo-form). Same as pulmoform. 
palmoscopy (pal-mos'ko-pe) [Gr. waXpbs beat + 
oKoweiv to examine]. The observation and study 
of the heart-beat. 
palmus (pal'mus) [Gr. TraX/xos]. i. A throb or 
leap. 2. Saltatory spasm; jumpers' disease; 
myriachit, or lata. 
palp (palp). A feeler; one of the pointed sense- 
organs attached to the mouth of arthropods. 
palpable (pal'pa-bl). Perceptible by touch. 
palpate (pal'pat) [L. palpa're to touch]. To ex- 
amine by the hand; to feel. 
palpation (pal-pa'shun) [L. palpa'tio]. The act 
of feeling with the hand; the application of the 
fingers with light pressure to the surface of the 
body for the purpose of determining the con- 
sistence of the parts beneath in physical diag- 
nosis. bimanual p., examination with both 
hands, light-touch p., light palpation of the 
surface of the abdomen and thorax with the tip of 
a finger for the purpose of finding the outlines of the 
organs. 
palpatometry (pal-pa-tom'et-re) [palpation + Gr. 
perpov measure]. The measurement of the 
amount of pressure that can be borne without 
causing pain. 
palpatopercussion (pal"pa-to-per-kush'un). Pal- 
pation combined with percussion. 
palpator ium (pal-pa-to're-um). An i nstrument for 
palpating the abdomen to locate tender spots. 
palpebra (pal-pe'brah, pal'pe-brah), pl. palpe'brce. 
Latin for eyelid, p. infe'rior, the lower lid. 
p. supe'rior, the upper lid. 
palpebral (pal-pe'bral) [L. palpebra'lis]. Pertain- 
ing to an eyelid. 
palpebralis (pal-pe-bra'lis) [L.]. See muscles, 
table of. 
palpebrate (pal'pe-brat) [L. palpebra're to wink], 
1. To wink. 2. Having eyelids. 
PALLIDUM 
794 
palpebration (pal-pe-bra'shun) [L. palpebra'tio}. 
i. The act of winking. 2. Abnormally frequent 
winking. 
palpebrine (pal'pe-brin). A proprietary antiseptic 
containing boric acid, mercuric bichlorid, zinc 
sulphate, and glycerin: used in conjunctivitis and 
other eye inflammations. 
palpebritis (pal-pe-bri'tis). Same as blepharitis. 
palpitation (pal-pit-a'shun) [L. palpita'tio]. Un- 
duly rapid action of the heart; rapid pulsation 
of the heart. 
Pal's stain (pahlz) [physician in Vienna, born 
1863]. See under staining methods. 
palsy (pawl'ze). See paralysis. Bell's p., facial 
paralysis, birth-p., palsy due to injury received 
at birth, creeping p., progressive muscular 
atrophy, crutch-p., that which is due to the 
pressure of a crutch in the axilla, drummer's 
p., paralysis of the ungual phalanx of the thumb 
from rupture of the extensor pollicis longus 
tendon: often seen in drummers. Erb's p., 
paralysis due to degenerative changes in the 
pyramidal tract of the spinal cord. Fereol- 
Graux type of ocular p., associated paralysis 
of the internal rectus muscles of one side and the 
external rectus of the other, hammer-p., a 
variety caused by hard work with the hammer. 
Landry's p. See under paralysis, lead- 
p., paralysis of the arm muscles from lead-poison- 
ing. night-p., acroparesthesia; paresthesia of 
the hands, worse at night, pseudobulbar p., 
pseudobulbar paralysis, scriveners' p. Same 
as writers' cramp, shaking p., paralysis agi- 
tans. transverse p. See crossed paralysis, 
under paralysis, wasting p., progressive mus- 
cular atrophy. 
Paltauf's nanism (pahl'towfs) [Arnold Paltauf, 
German physician, 1860-1893]. See nanism. 
paludal (pal'u-dal) [L. pa'lus marsh]. Pertaining 
to or arising from marshes. 
paludide (pal'u-did) [L. pa'lus swamp]. A cuta- 
neous eruption of malarial origin. 
paludism (pal'u-dizm) [L. pa'lus swamp]. Mal- 
arial poisoning; impaludism. 
palustral (pal-us'tral) [L. palus'ter marshy]. 1. 
Paludal; pertaining to marshes. 2. Malarial. 
pambotano, panbotano (pam-bo-tah'no, pan- 
bo-tah'no) [Sp.]. The root-bark of Callian'dra 
housto'ni, a leguminous tree of Mexico: antiperiodic. 
Dose, 18 dr. (70 gm.). 
pampiniform (pam-pin'if-orm) [L. pam'pinus ten- 
dril + for'ma form]. Shaped like a tendril. See 
plexus. 
pampinocele (pam-pin'o-sel) [L. pam'pinus tendril 
+ Gr. ktjXt] tumor]. Same as varicocele. 
pamplegia (pam-ple'je-ah) [Gr. Trap all T- wXrjyr] 
stroke]. Total paralysis. 
pan- [Gr. was, wav all]. A prefix signifying " all." 
panacea (pan-as-e'ah) [Gr. wavaKeLa]. 1. A cure- 
all, or remedy for all diseases. 2. An ancient 
name for various plants. 
pansesthesia, panaesthetic. See panesthesia, 
panesthetic. 
Panama fever (pan-am-ah'). See fever, Chagres. 
panaris, panaritium (pan'ah-ris, pan-ah-ris'e-um) 
[L.]. A whitlow or felon; paronychia. See paro- 
nychia. p. anal'gicum, a rare disease marked 
by a succession of painless felons, usually followed 
by destruction of the ends of the fingers. Called 
also Morvan's disease. 
panarteritis (pan"ar-te-ri'tis). Inflammation of 
all the coats of an artery; also inflammation of most 
of the arteries of the body. 
panarthritis (pan-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. iras all + apOpov 
joint]. Inflammation of all the joints or of all 
the structures of a joint. 
panase (pan'as). A combination of the digestive 
ferments of the pancreas of the pig: used in cases 
PANASE PANATROPHY 
795 
PANGENESIS 
where the enzyme of the pancreas is deficient. 
Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.33 gm.). 
panatrophy (pan-at'ro-fe) [Gr. vras all + atrophy]. 
Atrophy affecting several parts; general atrophy. 
Panax (pa'naks) [Gr. iras all + axos cure]. 1. A 
genus of araliaceous plants. 2. The root of P. 
quinquefo'lium, true or Chinese ginseng. See 
ginseng. 
panblastic (pan-blas'tik) [Gr. iras all + /3\aar6s 
germ]. Pertaining to each of the layers of the 
blastoderm. 
pancarditis (pan-kar-di'tis) [Gr. vras all + KapSla 
heart]. General inflammation of the heart. 
panchontee (pan-shon-te'). A gum from Bas'sia 
ellip'tica, a tree of India: it resembles gutta- 
percha. 
panchrest (pan'krest) [Gr. TrdyxpyaTos useful for 
everything]. A panacea, or remedy, for every 
disease. 
Pancratium (pan-kra'she-um) [L.; Gr. irayparcov 
powerful]. An extensive genus of amaryllida- 
ceous plants common in most warm regions: re- 
puted to have medicinal qualities. 
pancreaden (pan'kre-ad-en). A therapeutic prepa- 
ration of the pancreas: used in diabetes mellitus. 
Daily dose, 4-6 dr. (15-23 gm.). 
pancreas (pan'kre-as) [Gr. iras all + xpeas flesh]. 
A large, elongated, racemose gland below the 
stomach and in relation with the spleen and the 
duodenum. Its right extremity, the head, is the 
larger, and directed downward; the left extrem- 
ity, or tail, is transverse, and terminates close to 
the spleen. The secretion or juice of the pan- 
creas, which passes into the duodenum through 
the pancreatic duct, is concerned in digestion, 
and contains four ferments-amylopsin, trypsin, 
steapsin, and milk-curdling ferment. Aselli's p., 
an assemblage of lymphatic glands at the root 
of the mesentery, lesser p., the small, partially 
detached portion of the pancreas lying dorsad of 
its head. Called also uncinate process and Wins- 
low's p. ventral p., an outgrowth on the ventral 
side of the embryonic intestine. Willis' p., the 
lesser pancreas. Winslow's p. See lesser p. 
pancreatalgia (pan"kre-at-al'je-ah) [Gr. irayKpeas 
pancreas + aXyos pain]. Pain in the pancreas. 
pancreatectomy (pan"kre-at-ek'to-me) [Gr. iray- 
Kpeas pancreas + eKropy excision]. Surgical re- 
moval of the pancreas. 
pancreatemphraxis (pan"kre-at-em-frak'sis) [Gr. 
TrayKpeas pancreas + epippalfs stoppage]. Con- 
gestion or enlargement of the pancreas from ob- 
struction of the pancreatic duct. 
pancreathelcosis (pan"kre-ath-el-ko'sis) [pan- 
creas + Gr. e'Xxwais ulceration]. Ulceration of the 
pancreas. 
pancreatic (pan-kre-at'ik) [L. pancreat'icus]. Per- 
taining to the pancreas. 
pancreaticoduodenal (pan-kre-at"ik-o-du-od'e- 
nal). Pertaining to the pancreas and duodenum. 
pancreaticosplenic (pan-kre-at"ik-o-splen'ik). 
Pertaining to the pancreas and spleen. 
pancreatin (pan'kre-at-in). 1. A ferment from 
the pancreas. 2. A commercial extract of the 
pancreas: used as a digestant. Dose, 10-20 gr. 
(0.666-1.333 gm.). 
pancreatism (pan'kre-at-izm). Activity of the 
pancreas. 
pancreatitis (pan"kre-at-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the pancreas. It is usually a fatal disease, and is 
attended by abdominal pain, tenderness of the 
abdomen, tympanites, and vomiting, acute 
hemorrhagic p., a form due to hemorrhage into 
the gland, centrilobar p., pancreatitis located 
around the branches of the pancreatic duct, 
chronic p., a condition of fibrosis of the pan- 
creas. perilobar p., fibrosis of the pancreas 
surrounding collections of atrophic acini, puru- 
lent p., purulent disease of the pancreas. 
pancreato-enterostomy (pan"kre-at-o-en-ter- 
os'to-me). The operation of forming a communica- 
tion between the pancreatic duct and the intestine. 
pancreatogenic, pancreatogenous (pan"kre- 
at-o-jen'ik, pan-kre-at-oj'en-us). Arising in the 
pancreas. 
pancreatokinase (pan"kre-at-o-kin'as). A com- 
pound of pancreatin and eukinase: a powerful 
digestant. 
pancreatolipase (pan"kre-at-o-lip'as). A lipase 
occurring in the pancreatic juice. 
pancreatolith (pan-kre-at'o-lith) [pancreas + Gr. 
XiOos stone], A pancreatic calculus. 
pancreatomy, pancreatotomy (pan-kre-at'o- 
me, pan"kre-at-ot'o-me) [Gr. TrayKpeas pancreas + 
repuecv to cut]. Surgical incision of the pancreas. 
pancreatoncus (pan"kre-at-on'kus) [Gr. TrayKpeas 
pancreas + oyKos mass]. A tumor of the pancreas, 
pancreatopathy (pan-kre-at-op'ath-e) [pancreas + 
Gr. iraOos disease]. Any disease of the pancreas. 
pancreectomy (pan-kre-ek'to-me). Same as pan- 
createctomy. 
pancreobismuth (pan"kre-o-biz'muth). A pro- 
prietary combination of pancreatic ferments and 
bismuth. 
pancreodigestin (pan"kre-o-di-jes'tin). A pro- 
prietary digestant powder containing pepsin, 
ptyalin, pancreatin, lactic and hydrochloric acids, 
etc. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.). 
pancreolithotomy (pan"kre-o-lith-ot'o-me) [pan- 
creas + Gr. XlBos stone + rop-p cutting]. Incision 
into the pancreas for the removal of calculi. 
pancreolytic (pan-kre-o-lit'ik) [pancreas + Gr. 
Xiims dissolution]. Destroying pancreatic tissue. 
pancreone (pan'kre-6n). A grayish powder, de- 
rived from pancreatin (2) by the action of tannin. 
It is an active digestant. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 
gm.). 
pancreopathy (pan-kre-op'ath-e) [pancreas + Gr. 
it ados disease]. Any disease of the pancreas. 
pancreopepsin (pan"kre-o-pep'sin). A propri- 
etary digestant remedy. 
pancrobilin (pan-kro-bi'lin). A proprietary pan- 
creatic and bile preparation: digestant. 
pandemic (pan-dem'ik) [Gr. irds all + Hypos 
people]. 1. Widely epidemic. 2. A wide-spread 
epidemic. 
pandemicity (pan-dem-is'it-e). The state of being 
epidemic and widely spread. 
Pander's nucleus (pan'derz) [Heinrich Christian 
von Pander, German anatomist, 1794-1865]. See 
under nucleus. 
pandiculation (pan"dik-u-la'shun) [L. pandicu- 
la'ri to stretch one's self]. The act of stretching 
and yawning. 
panelectroscope (pan-e-lek'tro-skop). An instru- 
ment for examining by electric light the various 
organs of the body, as the stomach, rectum, 
urethra, etc. 
panesthesia (paji-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. iras all + aia- 
dyais sensation]. The sum of the sensations ex- 
perienced. 
panesthetic (pan-es-thet'ik). Relating to panes- 
thesia. 
pangaduin (pan-gafl'u-in). A crystalline solid 
representing the basic principles contained in 
cod-liver oil. 
pangen (pan'jen) [Gr. ?ras all + yevys producing]. 
One of the hypothetic units of idioplasm; an idio- 
blast or biophore. 
pangenesis (pan-jen'es-is) [Gr. vras all + yevems 
begetting]. The doctrine that in reproduction 
each cell of the parent body is represented by a 
particle; the hypothesis that all the units or cells 
of the body reside in the blood as gemmules, 
multiply by division, and throw off atoms which 
are transmitted to the offspring, accounting for 
the hereditary transmission of acquired mental 
habits and other phenomena of heredity; the PANGERM ISM 
796 
theory implying that the whole organism, in the 
sense of every atom or unit, reproduces itself. 
pangermism (pan-jer'mizm). The theory that all 
diseases are caused by germs. 
panglossia (pan-glos'e-ah) [Gr. wayyXwaaia]. Ab- 
normal or insane garrulity. 
panhidrosis (pan-hid-ro'sis) [Gr. was all 4- 18 pus 
sweat]. Perspiration of the whole surface of the 
body. 
panhydrometer (pan-hi-drom'et-er) [Gr. was all 4- 
hydrometer], An instrument for ascertaining the 
specific gravity of any liquid. 
panhygrous (pan-hi'grus) [Gr. iras all 4- vypos 
moist]. Moist or damp in all parts. 
panhyperemia (pan"hi-per-e'me-ah) [Gr. was all 
4- hyperemia]. General plethora. 
panhysterectomy (pan"his-ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. was 
all 4- va-repa uterus 4- eKTopri excision]. Com- 
plete extirpation of the uterus. 
panhysterokolpectomy (pan-his"ter-o-kol-pek'- 
to-me) [Gr. was all 4- varepa uterus 4" koXwos 
vagina 4- eKropi) excision]. Complete removal 
of the uterus and vagina, with obliteration of the 
cavity made thereby: done for prolapse of the 
uterus. 
panidrosis (pan-id-ro'sis). See panhidrosis. 
panighao (pan-e-ga'o). An irritation of the lower 
limbs seen among workmen in tropical regions, 
and caused by the larvae of Ankylostoma duodenale. 
Called also water-itch and ground-itch. 
panis (pa'nis). Latin for bread. 
pankreon (pan'kre-on). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of pancreatin with tannic acid: used in dis- 
orders dependent on functional insufficiency of the 
pancreas. 
panmeristic (pan-mer-is'tik) [Gr. was all 4- pepos 
part]. Pertaining to a protoplasmic structure 
made up of independent units or pangens. 
panmixia (pan-miks'e-ah) [Gr. iras all 4- piyvvvai 
to mix]. Promiscuous sexual association. 
panmyelophthisis (pan-mi"el-of-thi'sis) [Gr. wav 
all 4- pveXos marrow 4- pdiacs wasting.] Atrophy 
of the bone-marrow. 
panneuritis (pan-u-ri'tis) [Gr. was all 4- vevpov 
nerve 4- ins inflammation]. Multiple or general 
neuritis, p. epidem'ica, beriberi. 
panniculitis (pan-ik-u-li'tis). Inflammation of the 
panniculus adiposus of the abdominal wall, a con- 
dition marked by stiffness of the abdominal wall, 
and by severe pain on movement or on pressure. 
panniculus (pan-ik'u-lus) [L. dim. of pan'nus 
cloth]. A layer of membrane, p. adipo'sus, 
the subcutaneous layer of fat. p. camo'sus, a 
muscular layer within the superficial fascia of 
many animals; in man it is represented mainly 
by the platysma myoides. 
pannus (pan'us) [L. " cloth "]. An abnormal 
membrane-like vascularization of the cornea, 
mainly due to the presence of trachomatous 
granulations, p. carate'us, pinta, p. cras'- 
SUS, pannus in which the opacity is extremely 
dense, phlyctenular p., pannus along with 
phlyctenular conjunctivitis, p. sic'cus, pannus 
with xerophthalmia, p. ten'uis, pannus with 
very slight opacity. 
panodic (pan-od'ik). See panthodic. 
panopepton (pan-o-pep'ton) [L. pa'nis bread 4- 
peptone]. A proprietary food for invalids con- 
taining bread and peptonized beef. 
panophobia (pan-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. was all 4- poftos 
fear]. A vague and persistent morbid dread of 
some unknown evil. 
panophthalmia, panophthalmitis (pan-of- 
thal'me-ah, pan"of-thal-mi'tis) [Gr. was all 4- 
opdaXpos eye]. Inflammation of all the structures 
or tissues of the eye. 
panoptic (pan-op'tik) [Gr. wav all 4- bxpcs vision]. 
Rendering everything visible: said of a stain which 
differentiates all the tissues of a specimen. 
panoptosis (pan-op-to'sis) [Gr. iras all 4- irrwais 
falling]. General ptosis of the abdominal organs. 
panosteitis (pan"os-te-i'tis) [Gr. iras all + oareov 
bone]. Inflammation of every part of a bone. 
panostitis (pan-os-ti'tis). Panosteitis. 
panotitis (pan-o-ti'tis) [Gr. iras all 4- ous ear]. An 
inflammation of all the parts or structures of the 
ear. 
panpeptin (pan-pep'tin). A proprietary remedy 
containing pancreatin, trypsin, diastase, sodium 
cholate, duodenal juice, carica papaya, etc. 
panphagin (pan-faj'in). A preparation resembling 
mycolysin in composition and properties, but used 
only in veterinary practice. 
panphobia (pan-fo'be-ah). Same as panophobia. 
panplegia (pan-ple'je-ah). Paraplegia. 
Pansch's fissure (pantsh'ez) [Adolf Pansch, Ger- 
man anatomist, 1841-1887]. See fissure. 
pansclerosis (pan-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. was all + 
puacs hardening]. Complete induration of a part 
or organ. 
panseptum (pan-sep'turn). The entire nasal sep- 
tum, including bony and cartilaginous parts. 
pansinuitis (pan"si-nu-i'tis). Pansinusitis. 
pansinusitis (pan"si-nus-i'tis) [Gr. iras all + sinus 
+ Gr. -iris inflammation], inflammation of all 
the sinuses, as of the facial bones. 
panspermia, panspermatism (pan-sper'me-ah, 
pan-sper'mat-izm) [Gr. was all + aweppa seed]. 
1. The doctrine that disease-germs and bacteria 
are everywhere present. 2. Same as biogenesis. 
pansphygmograph (pan-sfig'mo-graf) [Gr. was 
all + a<pvypos pulse + ypaipeiv to record]. A 
device for recording cardiac, pulse, and chest 
movements at the same time. 
pansporoblast (pan-spo'ro-blast) [Gr. was all + 
awopos spore 4- fiXaaros germ]. A mother-cell of 
certain sporozoa, giving rise to two or more spo- 
roblasts, from each of which a single spore is 
formed. 
pansy (pan'ze). A violaceous herb, Vio'la tri'- 
color: expectorant and aperient. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 2-10 min. (0.13-0.66 c.c.). 
pantachromatic (pan"tak-ro-mat'ik) [Gr. was all 
4- achromatic}. Entirely achromatic. 
pantalgia (pan-tal'je-ah) [Gr. wav all 4- aXy os 
pain]. Pain over the whole body. 
pantamorphia (pan-tah-mor'fe-ah) [Gr. was all + 
apoptpla shapelessness]. Complete or general 
deformity. 
pantamorphic (pan-tah-mor'fik). Formless. 
pantanencephalia (pan"tan-en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. 
was all + av- priv. + eyK&paXos brain]. Complete 
absence of the brain in a fetal monster. 
pantankyloblepharon (pan-tang"kil-o-blef'ah- 
ron) [Gr. was all + ayKvXi) noose 4- 0Xe<papov 
lid]. General adhesion of the eyelids to the eye- 
ball and to each other. 
pantaphobia (pan-ta-fo'be-ah) [Gr. was all + 
apo ft la fearlessness]. Absence of fear. 
pantatrophia, pantatrophy (pan-tat-ro'fe-ah, 
pan-tat'ro-fe) [Gr. iras all + arpopla atrophy]. 
General or complete malnutrition. 
pantherapist (pan-ther'ap-ist) [Gr. was all -f- 
Oepaweia treatment]. A practitioner who is ready 
to draw his information from any and every 
source. 
panthodic (pan-thod'ik) [Gr. was all 4- 080s way]. 
Radiating in every direction: said of nervous 
impulses. 
panting (pant'ing). Swift and labored breathing; 
anhelation. 
pantochromism (pan-to-kro'mizm) [Gr. was all + 
Xpcopa color]. The phenomenon of existing in two 
or more differently colored forms. 
pantograph (pan'to-graf) [Gr. was all 4- ypatpeiv 
to write]. An instrument for recording graphically 
the contour of the chest. 
PANTOGRAPH pantomorphia (pan-to-mor'fe-ah) [Gr. rras all 4- 
p.op<f>q form]. General or perfect symmetry. 
pantomorphic (pan-to-mor'fik). Able to assume 
any shape. 
pantophobia (pan-to-fo'be-ah). Same as pano- 
phobia. 
pantopon (pan'top-on) [Gr. Teas all 4- opium]. An 
opium preparation containing the total opium al- 
kaloids in the form of soluble hydrochlorids. It is 
said to be about double the strength of morphin. 
pantoscopic (pan-to-skop'ik) [Gr. iras all + aKoireiv 
to view]. Adapted to view both near and dis- 
tant objects: a term appled to bifocal spectacles. 
panturbinate (pan-ter'bin-at). The entire tur- 
binate structure, including the bone and soft 
tissue. 
Panum's casein (pah'noomz) [Peter Ludwig 
Panum, Swedish physiologist, 1820-1885]. Serum 
globulin. 
panus (pa'nus) [L. " swelling "]. A lymphatic 
gland inflamed but not suppurating. 
panzootic (pan-zo-ot'ik) [Gr. irav all + 
animal]. Occurring pandemically among animals. 
panzyme (pan'zim) [Gr. iras all + leaven]. A 
proprietary preparation of diastase, pepsin, rennin, 
and pancreatin. 
pao-ferro (pah-o-fer'o). The ironwood tree of 
Brazil. The inner bark is said to have antidia- 
betic properties. 
paopereira (pah"o-pah-ra'e-rah) [Portuguese pao 
tree + pereira briar]. The Brazilian tree Geisso- 
sper'mum vello'sii, and its febrifugal bark. 
pap (pap). Any soft food, as bread soaked in milk, 
papain (pah'pa-in). A digestive ferment from the 
juice of the fruit of the papaw, Ca'rica papa'ya. 
See papaw. It is a grayish powder, soluble 
in water and glycerin, and insoluble in alcohol, 
ether, and chloroform. It is used in dyspepsia, 
and as an application to warts, false membranes, 
etc. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.066-0.333 gm.). As an 
application, a 5-15 per cent, solution in equal 
parts of water and glycerin is used. 
Papaver (pah-pa'ver) [L. for poppy]. A genus of 
papaveraceous plants. P. somniferum affords 
opium (q. v.). 
papaverin (pap-av'er-in) [L. papa'ver poppy]. A 
white, hypnotic alkaloid, C20H21NO4, from opium. 
Dose, J-J gr. (0.008-0.016 gm.). 
papaverolin (pap-av-er'o-lin). A crystalline sub- 
stance, Ci8Hi3NO4 + 2H2O, derived from pap- 
averin. 
papaverosin (pap-av-er'o-sin). A crystalline alka- 
loid from the dry seed-capsules of poppy. 
papaw (pap-aw'). The tree Ca'rica papa'ya, of 
tropical America; also its digestant and anthel- 
mintic fruit. The fruit contains papain and papa- 
yotin. Dose, 2-8 gr. (0.13-0.5 c.c.). 
papaya (pap-a'yah). The juice of the papaw fruit, 
papayotin (pap-ah-yo'tin). A digestive ferment 
from Ca'rica papa'ya: more active than papain. 
Dose, j- 1 gr. (0.016-0.065 gm.) (Merck). 
paper (pa'per). See charta. alkanin p., filter- 
paper dipped in an alcoholic solution of alkanin: 
alkalis turn it blue; acids, red. amboceptor p., 
filter-paper saturated with amboceptor serum, used 
in the Noguchi test for syphilis, antigen p., 
filter-paper saturated with antigen solution: used 
in the Noguchi test for syphilis, azolitmin p., 
filter-paper saturated with a solution of azolitmin. 
Acids turn it from purple to bright red, alkalis turn 
it blue, blistering p., cantharidal p. 
See charta cantharidis. blue litmus-p., 
charta exploratoria caerulea; paper charged 
with litmus and used as a test for acids, filter- 
p., a porous, unsized paper used in filtering, 
gutta-percha p., charta guttae perchae; gutta- 
percha tissue, lacmoid p., blotting-paper impreg- 
nated with lacmoid: used in testing for alkalinity or 
PANTOMORPHIA 
797 
acidity, mustard-p., charta sinapis: used as a 
counterirritant, niter p., paper impregnated 
with potassium nitrate: burned in order to give oS 
fumes which are inhaled in asthma, potassium- 
nitrate p., paper impregnated with potassium 
nitrate. It is ignited and used as a moxa or by inha- 
lation in asthma. Called also saltpeter-p. red lit- 
mus-p., charta exploratoria rubra; litmus-paper 
turned red by an acid and used as a test for alkalis, 
saltpeter-p., charta potassii nitratis. tur- 
meric p., charta exploratoria lutea; paper dyed 
yellow with turmeric: alkalis turn it brown, 
wax-p., charta cerata; paper treated with bees- 
wax. 
paper-skin (pa'per-skin). See under skin. 
papescent (pap-es'ent). Having the consistence 
of pap. 
papilla (pap-il'ah) [L.]. Any small, nipple-shaped 
elevation, acoustic p., the organ of Corti, 
bile-p. Same as duodenal p. circumvallate 
p., any one of the large papillae at the root of the 
tongue, arranged like the letter V, opening forward, 
clavate p. See fungiform p. conic p. See 
filiform p. dental p., dentinal p., the enlarge- 
ment at the base of a dental follicle whence the 
dentin of a tooth is developed; the enamel-organ, 
duodenal p., an elevation near the point where 
the ductus choledochus communis enters the du- 
odenum. p. filia'ria, a papilla at the inner side 
of the descending portion of the duodenum, at the 
apex of which is the opening of the common 
bile-duct, filiform p., any one of the slender 
papillae of the tongue made up of connective tissue 
covered with a layer of epithelium. Called also 
conic p. foliate p., one of the projections (.rudi- 
mentary in man) arranged in folds along the lat- 
eral margins of the tongue in front of the an- 
terior pillars of the fauces, fungiform p., any 
one of the low, broad papillae found on the surface of 
the tongue and covered by secondary papillae. 
Called also clavate p. fusiform p., the slender 
papillae of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, 
hair-p., the mass within the corium upon which 
each hair-bulb rests, incisive p., a rounded pro- 
jection at the anterior end of the raphe of the pal- 
ate. interdental p., the triangular pad of gum 
which fills the space between the necks of the 
teeth, p. lacrima'lis, a papilla at the inner can- 
thus pierced by a lacrimal punctum. lenticular 
p., one of a series of papillae of the tongue re- 
sembling, but less elevated than, the fungiform 
papillae, lingual p., any one of the papillae of 
the tongue, p. mam mae [B N A], the nipple, 
optic p., the optic disk, palatine p., the in- 
cisive papilla, p. pi'li [B N A], a hair papilla, 
renal p., the summit of any one of the renal pyra- 
mids. p. of Santorini, the duodenal papilla, 
p. spira'lis, the spiral edge formed by Corti's 
organ, tactile p's, papillae on the true skin in- 
closing tactile corpuscles, urethral p., a slight 
elevation in the vestibule of the vagina on which is 
situated the external orifice of the urethra, val- 
late p. Same as circumvallate p. Vater's p. 
Same as duodenal p. 
papillary (pap'il-a-re). Pertaining to a nipple or 
papilla. 
papillectomy (pap-il-ek'to-me) [papilla + Gr. 
eKTop-q excision]. Removal of one or more en- 
gorged papillae from a kidney for the cure of hema- 
turia. 
papilledema (pap-il-e-de'mah). Same as papillo- 
edema. 
papilliferous (pap-il-if'er-us) [papilla + L. fer're 
to bear]. Bearing papillae. 
papilliform (pap-il'if-orm) [papilla + L. for'rna 
shape]. Shaped like a papilla. 
papillitis (pap-il-i'tis) [papilla + Gr. -ires inflam- 
mation], Inflammation of the optic papilla. 
papillo-adenocystoma (pap-il"o-ad"en-o-sis-to'- 
mah). Papilloma blended with adenoma and 
cystoma. 
PAPILLO-ADENOCYSTOMA papillocarcinoma (pap-il"o-kar-sin-o'mah). 1. A 
carcinoma in which there are papillary excrescences. 
2. A malignant papilloma. 
papillo-edema (pap-il"o-e-de'mah). Edema of 
the optic papilla; choked disk; optic neuritis due to 
intracranial pressure and without inflammatory 
manifestations. 
papilloma (pap-il-o'mah), pl. papillo'mata [papilla 
+ Gr. -upa tumor]. An epithelial tumor in which the 
cells cover finger-like processes or ridges of stroma. 
Papillomata include warts, condylomata, cutane- 
ous horns, polypi, etc. p. diffu'sum, papillomata 
occurring in numbers on the legs and buttocks, 
hard p., one growing from the squamous epithe- 
lium. Hoffmann's p., a papillomatous growth of 
the nasal mucous membrane, p. inguinale 
trop'icum, a disease of Colombo marked by the 
formation of filiform pinkish vegetations in the in- 
guinal region; called also acanthoma tropicum. in- 
tracanalicular p., a warty, non-malignant 
growth within the substance of certain glands, es- 
pecially of the breast, intracystic p., a papil- 
loma formed within a cystic adenoma, p. linea'- 
re, linear ichthyosis, p. neuropath'icum, p. 
neurot'icum, a papillomatous growth or tumor 
along the course of a nerve, soft p., one devel- 
oped from the columnar epithelium, villous p. 
1. A persistent chorionic villus, usually found in 
the bladder; sometimes in a renal pelvis. 2. A 
villous outgrowth from the choroid plexus in a 
lateral ventricle of the brain. 3. A mammary tu- 
mor liable to be confounded with villous cancer. 
papillomatosis (pap"il-o-mat-o'sis). A morbid 
condition characterized by the development of 
papillomata. 
papillomatous (pap-il-o'mat-us). Of the nature 
of a papilloma. 
papilloretinitis (pap-il"o-ret-in-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the optic nerve and disk. 
papillosarcoma (pap-il"o-sar-ko'mah). A malig- 
nant papilloma. 
papin (pa'pin). A proprietary preparation of 
catechu, quinin, and dextrin. 
Papin's digester (pap-az') [Denis Papin, French 
physicist, 1647-1714]. An apparatus for subject- 
ing substances to the action of water at a heat 
greater than boiling-point. 
papine (pa'pin). A proprietary anodyne opium 
preparation. Dose, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). 
papoid (pa'poid). A ferment and digestant from 
papaw fruit. See Carica. 
pappataci fever (pap-at-a'ke). See sandfly fever, 
under fever. 
Pappenheim's staining (pahp'en-himz) [Artur 
Pappenheim, German physician, 1870-1917]. See 
under staining. 
pappose (pap'pos). Having a downy surface or 
pappus. 
pappus (pap'pus) [L.; Gr. irairiros]. 1. The first 
downy growth of the beard. 2. The lanugo. 
papular (pap!u-lar) [L. papula'ris]. Consisting 
of, characterized by, or pertaining to, a papule. 
papulation (pap-u-la'shun). The production of 
papules. 
papule (pap'ul) [L. pap'ula pimple]. A small 
circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin. Cel- 
sus' p's, lichen agrius. dry p., the papule of 
chancre, moist p., mucous p., a syphilitic 
condyloma. 
papuliferous (pap-u-lif'er-us) [papule + L. fer're 
to bear]. Having ot covered with papules. 
papulo-erythematous(pap"u-lo-er-ith-em'at-us). 
Marked by papules on an erythematous surface. 
papuloid (pap'u-loid). Resembling a papule. 
papulopustular (pap"u-lo-pus'tu-lar). Marked by 
the presence of papules and pustules. 
papulosquamous (pap"u-lo-skwa'mus). Both 
papular and scaly. 
PAPILLOCARCINOMA 
798 
papulovesicular (pap"u-lo-ves-ik'u-lar). Marked 
by the presence of papules and vesicles. 
papyraceous (pap-ir-a'shus) [L. papyra'ceus]. 
Like paper; chartaceous. 
Paquelin's cautery (pah-ke-lanz') [Claude Andr6 
Paqudin, French physician, 1836-1905]. See 
cautery. 
par (par). Latin for pair. p. va'gum, the vagus 
nerves. 
para- [Gr. Trapa beyond]. A prefix meaning be- 
side, beyond, accessory to, apart from, against, etc. 
para-aceratosis (par"ah-ah-ser-at-o'sis). Para- 
keratosis. 
para-acetophenolethyl carbonate. A color- 
less, crystalline powder: hypnotic, analgesic, and 
antipyretic. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
para-acetphenetidin (par"ah-as-et-fe-net'id-in). 
Phenacetin. 
para-amidophenetol (par"ah-am"id-o-fen'et-ol). 
A substance used in preparing pyrantin, NH2.Ce- 
H4.OC2Hb. 
para-analgesia (par"ah-an-al-je'ze-ah). Anal- 
gesia of the lower part of the body, including the 
lower limbs. 
para-anesthesia (par"ah-an-es-the'ze-ah). An- 
esthesia of the lower part of the body and of the 
legs. 
para-appendicitis (par"ah-ap-en-dis-i'tis). Ap- 
pendicitis involving the nearby structures. 
parabanic acid (par-ab-an'ik). See acid. 
parabiosis (par"ah-bi-o'sis) [Gr. irapa beside + 
filuais living]. 1. The union of two individuals, 
as of joined twins, or by surgical operation. 2. 
Temporary suppression of conductivity and excita- 
bility in a nerve, vascular p., the crossing of 
the circulation between two individuals. 
parabiotic (par"ah-bi-ot'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by parabiosis. 
parabismuth (par-ah-biz'muth). A preparation 
of ostauxin and bismuth containing 50 per cent, of 
bismuth. 
parablast (par'ah-blast) [Gr. irapa beside + 0Xaa- 
tos germ]. That part of the mesoblast from which 
the blood-vessels, lymphatics, etc., are developed. 
parablastic (par-ah-blas'tik). Pertaining to the 
parablast. 
parablastoma (par"ah-blas-to'mah) [parablast + 
Gr. -upa tumor]. Any tumor made up of para- 
blastic tissue. 
parablepsia, parablepsis (par-ah-blep'se-ah, 
par-ah-blep'sis) [Gr. irapa amiss + vision]. 
False or perverted vision. 
parabolus (par-ab'o-lus), pl. parab'oli [Gr. irapa- 
poXos venturesome]. In medieval medicine, an 
agent of the church who sought out the indigent 
sick for care and treatment. 
parabulia (par-ah-bu'le-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
/3ovXi) will]. Perversion of the will. 
paracanthoma (par"ah-kan-tho'mah). Same as 
paracanthosis. 
paracanthosis (par"ah-kan-tho'sis) [Gr. irapa be- 
side + aKavOa prickle]. A skin-cancer or other 
perversion of growth in the prickle-layer of the skin, 
paracarmin (par-ah-ka/min). A staining medium 
consisting of 1 part of carminic acid, 4 parts of cal- 
cium chlorid, and 100 parts of 70 per cent, alcohol. 
It stains quickly, does not overstain, and is adapted 
for staining large objects. 
paracasein (par-ak-a'se-in). The insoluble curd 
formed from casein by the enzyme, rennin. 
paracele (par'as-el). Same as paracode. 
paracellulose (par-ah-sel'u-los). A kind of cellu- 
lose found in the pith of plants. 
paracelsian (par-ah-sel'se-an). Pertaining to or 
called after Paracelsus. 
Paracelsus (par-ah-sel'sus). A famous Swiss phys- 
ician and alchemist, born 1493. His medical im- 
PARACELSUS PARACENESTHESIA 
799 
PARACYESIS 
portance is due to the impetus which he gave to the 
development of pharmaceutic chemistry. Died, 
i54i- 
paracenesthesia, paracoenesthesia (par"ah-se- 
nes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. rrapa beside 4- cenesthesia]. 
Any abnormality of the general sense of well-being: 
it includes demonopathies, zoopathies, etc. Cf. 
cenesthopathia. 
paracentesis (par"ah-sen-te'sis) [Gr. rrapa beside 
+ KivTTprts puncture]. Surgical puncture of a 
cavity; tapping, p. abdom'inis, paracentesis 
by tapping of the abdomen, p. capi'tis, tapping 
of the cranium for the removal of effusion in hy- 
drocephalus. p. cor'dis, surgical puncture of 
the heart, p. pericardii, puncture or tap- 
ping of the pericardial sac. p. pulmo'nis, tap- 
ping of the lung. p. thora'cis, tapping of the 
chest; thoracocentesis, p. tu'nicse vagina'lis, 
tapping of the tunica vaginalis, p. tym'pani, 
incision of the tympanic membrane for drainage 
or irrigation, p. vesi'cse, puncture of the blad- 
der-wall. 
paracentetic (par"ah-sen-tet'ik). Pertaining to or 
accomplished by a paracentesis. 
paracentral (par-ah-sen'tral). Situated near a 
center. 
paracephalus (par-ah-sef'al-us) [Gr. rrapa beside 
+ KetpaXr) head]. A fetus with a rudimentary or 
misshapen head, imperfect sense-organs, and de- 
fective trunk or limbs. 
paracerebellar (par"ah-ser-e-bel'ar). Pertaining to 
the lateral part of the cerebellum. 
parachloralose (par-ah-klo'ral-6s). A substance, 
CsH^CbOe, in iridescent plates, formed by a com- 
bination of dextrose and chloral. 
parachlorophenol (par"ah-klo-ro-fe'nol). See 
parachlor phenol. 
parachlorosalol (par"ah-klo-ro-sal'ol). A crys- 
talline combination of chlorin and salol: used 
like salol. Daily dose, 60-90 gr. (4-6 gm.). 
parachlorphenol (par"ah-klor-fe'nol). A crystal- 
line substance, Cl.C6H4.OH, a safe and strong dis- 
infectant and antiseptic: used in lupus and ery- 
sipelas. p. salicylate is used as an intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose, 15-20 gr. (1-1.3 gm.). 
paracholera (par-ah-kol'er-ah). A disease re- 
sembling Asiatic cholera, but caused by an organ- 
ism other than the Vibrio cholerse. 
paracholesterin (par"ah-ko-les'ter-in). A form 
of cholesterin occurring in vegetable tissue. 
paracholia (par-ah-ko'le-ah) [Gr. Trapa beside 4- 
XoX-q bile]. Disordered bile secretion. 
parachordal (par-ah-kor'dal) [Gr. rrapa beside 4- 
Xopbi) cord]. 1. Situated beside the notochord. 
2. Any one of a set of bars of fetal cartilage which 
appear to mark the growth of centers of chondrifi- 
cation for the occipital vertebrae. 
Parachordodes (par"ah-kor-do'des). A genus of 
Gordiacea. A few cases of infection with this 
worm have been reported. P. postulo'sus, from 
Italy. P. tolosa'nus, from France and from Italy. 
P. viola'ceus, from Italy, one specimen taken from 
the throat. 
parachrea (par-ah-kre'ah). Same as parachroia. 
parachroia (par-ah-kroi'ah) [Gr. rrapa beside 4- 
Xpora color]. Abnormality of coloration. 
parachroma (par-ah-kro'mah) [Gr. rrapa beside 4- 
XP&pa color]. Change in the color of the skin; 
abnormal coloration of the skin. 
parachromatin (par-ah-kro'mat-in). A chromato- 
phil substance contained in the finer part of the 
nuclear substance, as in the nucleoplasm of the 
spindle in karyokinesis. 
parachromatism (par-ah-kro'mat-izm) [Gr. rrapa 
beside 4- xp^a color]. Color-blindness; incor- 
rect perception of colors. 
parachromatopsia (par"ah-kro-mat-op'se-ah) [Gr. 
rrapa beside 4~ xpwpa color 4- o^is vision]. 
Color-blindness. 
parachromatosis (par"ah-kro-mat-o'sis). Same as 
parachroma. 
parachrome (par'ah-krom). Same as parachro- 
mophoric. 
parachromophore (par-ah-kro'mo-for) [Gr. rrapa 
beside + xp&pa. color 4- ipopbs bearing]. A bac- 
terium _ which secretes a pigment and retains it 
within its own body. 
parachromophoric (par'^h-kro-mo-foFik) [Gr. 
irapa beside 4- chromophoric], Pervertedly chro- 
mophoric; both chromophoric and chromoparic; 
secreting coloring-matter, but retaining it in the 
organism. 
parachymosin (par"ah-ki-mo'sin) [Gr. Trapa. beside 
+ chymosin]. The variety of lab-ferment found 
in the human stomach and in that of the pig. 
paracinesia, paracinesis (par"ah-sin-e'se-ah, 
par"ah-sin-e'sis) [Gr. Trapa beside + KlvrjaLs mo- 
tion], Any disease characterized by perversion of 
the motor powers. 
paracmastic (par-ak-mas'tik). Declining. 
paracme (par-ak'me) [Gr. rrapa beyond 4- a.Kprr 
point]. The stage of decline or remission. 
paracnemis, paracnemidion (par-ak-ne'mis, 
par"ak-ne-mid'e-on) [Gr. rrapa beside + Kwhurr 
shin]. The fibula. 
paracoele (par'as-el) [Gr. rrapa beside 4- koIXos hol- 
low]. A lateral ventricle of the brain. 
paracolitis (par"ah-ko-li'tis). Inflammation of the- 
outer coat of the colon. 
paracolon bacillus (par-ah-ko'lon). See under 
bacillus. 
paracolpitis (par"ah-kol-pi'tis) [Gr. rrapa near 4- 
koXttos vagina + -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues around the vagina. 
paracolpium (par-ah-kol'pe-um) [Gr. rrapa near + 
koXttos vagina]. The connective and other tissues- 
that surround the vagina. 
paracone (par'ah-kon) [Gr. rrapa beside + xoxos 
cone]. The mesiobuccal cusp of any upper molar. 
paraconid (par-ah-ko'nid). The mesiobuccal cusp 
of a lower molar. 
paraconin, paraconiin (par-ah-ko'nin, par-ah- 
ko'ne-in). A poisonous yellow liquid, C8H15N, ob- 
tained by heating butyric aldehyd with ammonia. 
paracoto (par-ah-ko'to). A South American bark 
much resembling coto, but better and less pun- 
gent. 
paracotoin (par"ah-ko-to'in). A crystalline sub- 
stance from paracoto: useful in diarrhea and im 
night-sweats. Dose, 5-3 gr. (0.033-0.194 gm.). 
paracousis (par-ak-oo'sis). Same as paracusis. 
paracreosotic acid (par"ah-kre-o-so'tik). See 
cresotic acid, under acid. 
paracresalol (par-ah-kres'al-ol). A white, crystal- 
line, antiseptic substance: isomeric with the 
other cresalols. See cresalol. Dose, 3-30 gr. 
(0.2-2 gm.). 
paracresol (par-ah-kre'sol). 1. One of the three 
isomeric forms or recognized varieties of cresol. 
See cresol. 2. A patented soluble and nearly odor- 
less preparation of cresol: disinfectant. 
paracresylol (par-ah-kres'il-ol). Cresalol. 
paracrisis (par-ah-kri'sis, par-ak'ris-is) [Gr. rrapa 
beside + xplveiv to secrete]. Any disorder of the 
secretions. 
paracusis, paracusia (par-ah-ku'sis, par-ah-ku'- 
se-ah) [Gr. rrapa beside + aKoveiv to hear]. Any 
perversion of the sense of hearing, p. a'cris, 
intense and incessant acuity of hearing, p. du- 
plica'ta. Same as diplacusis. p. lo'ci, inabil- 
ity to locate correctly the origin of sounds, p. 
willisia'na, ability to hear best in a loud din 
(Thomas Willis, 1672). 
paracyesis (par"ah-si-e'sis) [Gr. rrapa beside 4- 
Kviprcs pregnancy]. Extra-uterine pregnancy. PARACYSTIC 
paracystic (par-ah-sis'tik) [Gr. Trapa near + Kvans 
bladder]. Situated near the bladder. 
paracystitis (par"ah-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. Trapa near + 
Kvarts bladder + -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues around the bladder. 
paracystium (par-ah-sis'te-um) [Gr. Trapa near + 
Kbaris bladder]. The connective and other tis- 
sues around the bladder. 
paracytic (par-ah-sit'ik) [Gr. Trapa beside + kvtos 
cell]. Noting cell-elements present in the blood 
or other part of the organism, but enthetic or not 
normal to it. 
paradenitis (par"ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. Trapa. beside + 
dbr)v gland -f- -ms inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the tissues around a gland. 
paradental (par-ah-den'tal). Near a tooth; along- 
side of a tooth. 
paraderm (par'ah-derm) [Gr. Trapa beside + Seppa 
skin]. The part of the vitellus of the ovum 
whence fehe cells are formed which enter the 
body of the embryo. 
paradiagnosis (par"ah-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. Trapa 
beside + diagnosis]. A diagnosis that is almost, 
but not quite, correct. 
paradidymal (par-ah-did'im-al). 1. Pertaining to 
the paradidymis. 2. Beside the testicle. 
paradidymis (par-ah-did'im-is) [Gr. Trapa beside 
+ 8l8vpos testicle]. [B N A]. A body on the sper- 
matic cord above the epididymis. It consists of 
closed tubes, and represents the remains of the 
posterior part of the wolffian body. Called also 
organ of Giraldes, parepididymis, and mass a innom- 
inata. 
paradimethylaminobenzaldehyd (par"ah-di- 
meth"il-am"in-o-ben-zal'de-hid). A substance, 
CHO.C6H4.N(CH3)2: used in testing for trypto- 
phan or other indol derivative. 
paradiphenylbiuret (par"ah-di-fen-il-bi-u'ret). A 
substance, NH(CO.NH.CeH4OH)2, transformed 
into benzoic acid in the body. 
paradiphtherial, paradiphtheric (par"ah- 
dif-the're-al, par"ah-dif-ther'ik). Having a re- 
mote or indirect relation to diphtheria. 
paradox (par'ad-oks) [Gr. irapabb&s incredible]. 
A statement which seems to be, though it may not 
be, absurd or self-contradictory, p. of Kretz, 
while the injection of an accurately neutralized 
toxin-antitoxin mixture produces no bad effects in a 
normal animal, the reverse is the case in an animal 
that has previously been actively immunized with a 
toxin. Weber's p., the elongation of a muscle 
which has been so stretched that it cannot contract. 
paradoxic (par-ah-doks'ik) [Gr. irapa8o£os incredi- 
ble]. Occurring at variance with the normal 
rule. 
paradysentery (par-ah-dis'in-ter-e). A diarrhea 
resembling mild dysentery. 
para-eccrisis (par-ah-ek'ris-is) [Gr. rrapa beside + 
HKKpiais excretion]. Disordered secretion or ex- 
cretion. 
para-enteric (par"ah-en-ter'ik). Paratyphoid. 
para-epilepsy (par-ah-ep'il-ep-se). An epileptic 
attack consisting only of the aura without convul- 
sions. 
para-equilibrium (par"ah-e-kwil-ib're-um). Ver- 
tigo due to disturbance of the vestibular apparatus 
of the ear. 
parsesthesia (par-es-the'zhe-ah). Same as pares- 
thesia. 
Par. aff. Abbreviation for L. pars aflec'ta, the part 
affected. 
paraffin (par'af-fin) [L. pa'rum little + af'finis 
akin]. 1. A white, waxy hydrocarbon distilled 
from coal-tar, shale, or from wood. It occurs in 
several varieties. All varieties are used as excip- 
ients and emollients. 2. Any saturated hydrocarbon 
of the marsh-gas series, hard p., a fat-like sub- 
stance. liquid p., petrolatum liquidum, or paraf- 
800 
fin oil, an oily liquid, soft p., vaselin, or petro- 
leum-jelly, a yellow, butter-like substance, solid 
p., a white, crystalline solid. 
paraffinal (par-af'In-al). A stable emulsion of 
paraffin employed as a laxative (Weil). 
paraffinoma (par-ah-fin-o'mah). A chronic gran- 
uloma produced by prolonged continuous exposure 
to the irritation of paraffin. 
paraffinum (par-af-i'num). Paraffin. 
parafibrinogen (par"ah-fi-brin'o-jen). A com- 
pound resembling fibrin, obtained by repeated 
precipitation of fibrinogen with salt. 
paraflagellate (par-ah-flaj'el-at). Having para- 
flagella. 
paraflagellum (par"ah-flaj-erum), pl. paraflagel'la. 
A small accessory flagellum. 
paraflocculus (par-ah-flok'u-lus). Same as acces- 
sory flocculus. See flocculus. 
paraform, paraformaldehyd (par'ah-form, par"- 
ah-for-mal'de-hid). Oxymethylene, (CH20)n, a 
white, crystalline polymer of formaldehyd. It is 
an internal and external antiseptic. Dose, 7I-15 
gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 2. A white powder, formalin, C3H6- 
Og, an internal antiseptic. Dose, 75-15 gr. (0.5-1 
gm.). 
parafuchsin (par-ah-fook'sin). A dye of the tri- 
phenylmethane series, used in the treatment of 
trypanosomiasis. 
parafunction (par'ah-funk-shun). A disordered 
or perverted function. 
parafunctional (par-ah-funk'shun-al). Charac- 
terized by perverted or abnormal function. 
paragammacism (par-ah-gam'mah-sizm) [Gr. Trapa 
aside + 7agga the Greek letter GJ. The faulty 
utterance of g-, k-, and ch- sounds. 
paraganglina, paraganglin (par"ah-gang-li'nah, 
par-ah-gang'lin). A preparation from the med- 
ullary substance of the suprarenal capsule of oxen: 
used as a stomachic and intestinal stimulant. 
paraganglioma (par"ah-gang-le-o'mah). A tumor 
of the connective tissue in the carotid, adrenal, or 
thyroid glands. 
paraganglion (par-ah-gang'le-on), pl. paragon'glia. 
1. Any one of the chromaffin bodies forming masses 
of chromaffin tissue in various parts of the body. 
2. One of the oval masses of cells in the medullary 
substance of the adrenal bodies. 
paragelatose (par-ah-jel'at-os). A substance ob- 
tained by boiling gelatin. 
parageusia (par-ah-ju'se-ah) [Gr. Trapa beside + 
7evais taste], 1. Perversion of the sense of taste. 
2. A bad taste in the mouth. 
parageusic (par-ah-ju'sik). Having a perverted 
sense of taste. 
paragglutination (par-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). See 
paraserum reflex, under reflex. 
paraglobulin (par-ah-glob'u-lin). A globulin from 
blood-serum, blood-cells, lymph, and various con- 
nective tissues. Called also fibroplastin, fibrino- 
plastin, and serum-globulin. 
paraglobulinuria (par-ah-glob"u-lin-u're-ah) [ para- 
globulin + Gr. ovpov urine]. The discharge of 
paraglobulin in the urine; 
paraglossa (par-ah-glos'sah) [Gr. Trapa beside + 
7Xwo-aa tongue]. Swelling of the tongue. 
paraglossia (par-ah-glos'e-ah) [Gr. Trapa beside + 
yXuaaa tongue]. Inflammation of the tissues 
under the tongue. 
paraglossitis (par-ah-glos-i'tis). Same as para- 
glossia. 
paragnathus (par-ag'nath-us) [Gr. Trapa beside + 
yvados jaw]. A fetal monster with a supernu- 
merary jaw. 
paragnosis (par-ah-gno'sis) [Gr. irapa beside + 
yowis knowledge]. Diagnosis, after death, by 
means of contemporaneous accounts of the diseases 
which have affected historical characters. 
PARAGNOSIS PARAGOMPHOSIS 
801 
PARALODION 
paragomphosis (par"ah-gom-fo'sis) [Gr. irapa. 
beside + yopipow to fasten]. Impaction of the 
head of the fetus in the pelvic canal. 
paragonimiasis (par-ah-go-nim-i'as-is). Infection 
by the lung-fluke, Paragon' imus westerman'ii. 
Paragonimus (par-ah-gon'im-us). A genus of tre- 
matode parasites. P. westerman'ii, the lung- 
fluke, an oval or pear-shaped fluke of a pink- 
ish dr reddish-brown color, found in cysts in the 
lungs and sometimes in the pleura, liver, abdom- 
inal cavity, and elsewhere. It causes the disease 
known as parasitic or oriental hemoptysis. It oc- 
curs especially in Asiatic countries, and infests 
the lower animals as well as man. In Venezuela, 
the crab, Pseudothelphusa iturbei, probably trans- 
mits the parasite to man. Called also Distoma 
westermanii, Distoma ringeri, and Distoma pul- 
monale. P. hellicot'ti, a species closely allied to 
P. westermanii, found in hogs in the United States. 
P. rin'geri. Same as P. westermanii. 
paragonorrheal (par"ah-gon-o-re'al). Having a 
remote or indirect relation to gonorrhea. 
Paragordius (par-ah-gor'de-us). A genus of the 
Gordiacea. P. cin'tus, one case has been reported 
from Africa. P. tricuspida'tus, in one case in 
France this worm was extracted from the throat. 
P. va'rius, several cases of infection with this 
worm have been reported in North America. 
paragraphia (par-ah-gra'fe-ah) [Gr. irapa. beside + 
ypdipetv to write]. A disorder in which the patient 
writes one word in place of another. 
Paraguay tea (par'ah-gwi). See mate. 
parahemoglobin. (par"ah-hem-o-glo'bin). 1. A 
dark form of hemoglobin occurring in crystalline 
form in the tissue in conditions marked by consid- 
erable blood destruction. 2. A proprietary thera- 
peutic blood preparation said to contain 5 per cent, 
of iron. 
parahepatic (par"ah-he-pat'ik) [Gr. irapa. beside + 
rfirap liver]. Beside the liver. 
parahepatitis (par"ah-hep-at-i'tis). Inflammation 
of parts around the liver. 
parahormone (par-ah-hor'mon) [Gr. irapa beside 
+ hormone]. A substance, not a true hormone, 
which has a hormone-like action in controlling the 
action of some distant organ. 
parahydropin (par-ah-hi'dro-pin) [Gr. irapa be- 
side + vbpanp dropsy]. A proprietary diuretic 
containing theobromin. 
parahydroxyphenylethylamin (par-ah-hi-drok- 
se-phen-il-eth-il-am'in). Tyramin. 
parahypnosis (par"ah-hip-no'sis) [Gr. irapa beside 
virvos sleep]. Abnormal or perverted sleep. 
parahypophysis (par"ah-hi-pof'is-is). An acces- 
sory pituitary body. 
parainfection (par-ah-in-fek'shun). The condition 
of being affected with a disease whose symptoms 
resemble those of an infectious disease, but which 
is not due to the germs of the infectious disease. 
parainfectious (par-ah-in-fek'shus). Due indi- 
rectly to infection; due to the conditions pro- 
duced by infection rather than by the infection 
itself. 
para-influenzal (par"ah-in-flu-en'zal). Due in- 
directly to influenza; due to the conditions pro- 
duced by influenza. 
para-iodoxyanisol (par-ah-i"o-dox-e-an'is-ol). 
Same as isoform. 
parakeratosis (par"ah-ker-at-o'sis). Any abnor- 
mality in the horny layer of the skin. p. OStra'- 
cea. Same as p. scutularis. p. psoriasifor'- 
mis, a condition characterized by the formation 
of scabs like those of psoriasis, p. SCUtU- 
la'ris, a disease of the scalp marked by the 
formation of crusts which envelop the hairs and 
send up incrustations around the hairs. p. 
variega'ta, a disease characterized by a red, 
scaly eruption in the form of a network inclosing 
patches of normal skin. 
parakinesia (par-ah-kin-e'se-ah). Parakinesis. 
parakinesis (par"ah-kin-e'sis) [Gr. irapa beside + 
Kiuijais motion]. Abnormality of movement due 
to disease of the motor nervous apparatus. 
parakinetic (par"ah-kin-et'ik). Relating to or 
affected by parakinesis. 
paral (par'al). A proprietary preparation of lan- 
olin, paraffin, and water. 
paralactic acid (par-ah-lak'tik). Sarcolactic acid. 
See under acid. 
paralalia (par-ah-la'le-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
XaXta speech]. Any disturbance of the faculty 
of speech, p. litera'lis, impairment of the 
power to utter the sounds of certain letters. 
paralambdacism (par-ah-lam'dah-sizm) [Gr. Trapa 
beside + Xdp^ba letter L]. An improper utter- 
ance of /-sounds. 
paralbumin (par-al-bu'min) [Gr. irapa. near + 
albumin]. An albumin or protein substance 
found in ovarian cysts. 
paraldehyd (par-al'de-hid) [Gr. irapa. beside + 
aldehyd]. A derivative, C6H12O3, of aldehyd. 
It is a clear liquid, of disagreeable taste and smell; 
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It has hyp- 
notic and anodyne properties, and is used in mania, 
delirium tremens, tetanus, and other nervous dis- 
orders, and as an antidote to morphin. Dose, 
30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
paraldehydism (par-al'de-hi-dizm). A condition 
produced by excessive use of paraldehyd; paralde- 
hyd-poisoning. 
paraleprosis (par"ah-lep-ro'sis). Paraleprosy. 
paraleprosy (par-ah-lep'ros-e). A mild or aborted 
form of leprosy. 
paralepsy (par'ah-lep-se). Same as psycholepsy. 
paralexia (par-ah-leks'e-ah) [Gr. irapa. almost + 
alexia]. Impairment of the power of reading, 
marked by the transposition of words and syllables 
into meaningless combinations. 
paralexic (par-ah-lek'sik). Pertaining to or affected 
with paralexia. 
paralgesia, paralgia (par-al-je'se-ah, par-al'je-ah) 
[Gr. irapa beside + aXyos pain]. Any condition 
marked by abnormal and painful sensations; a 
painful paresthesia. 
paralgesic (par-al-je'sik). Pertaining to or affected 
with paralgesia. 
paralinin (par-ah-li'nin) [Gr. irapa beside + 
linin]. Parachromatin. 
parallactic (par-al-ak'tik). Pertaining to paral- 
lax. 
parallagma (par-al-ag'mah) [Gr. irapaXXaypa]. 
Displacement of a bone or of the fragments of a 
broken bone. 
parallax (par'al-aks) [Gr. irapaXXa^ in turn]. An 
apparent displacement of an object due to a 
change in the patient's position, binocular p., 
the seeming difference in position of an object as 
seen separately by one eye and then by the other, 
the head remaining stationary, crossed p., 
heteronymous p., that in which the thing 
observed seems to move away from the open 
eye, one of the eyes being closed or covered, 
direct p., homonymous p., that in which the 
thing seen appears to move toward the uncovered 
or open eye. vertical p., that in which the thing 
observed appears to move upward or downward. 
parallelism (par'al-el-izm). The doctrine that 
mental processes and brain processes run side by 
side and that they do not interact. See automa- 
tism. 
parallelometer (par-al-el-om'et-er) [parallel + 
Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument used in arti- 
ficial denture work to determine the exactness of 
the parallel relationship of lines and surfaces. 
paralodion (par-ah-lo'de-on). Collodion in 
shredded form, used in the preparation of an 
embedding medium for microscopic work. paralogia (par-al-o'je-ah) [Gr. rrapa beside + Loy os 
reason]. A disordered state of the reason; im- 
pairment of the reasoning power marked by il- 
logical or delusional speech, thematic p., a 
perversion of the mind in which the patient dwells 
unduly upon one subject. 
paralogism (par-al'oj-izm). The use of mean- 
ingless or illogical language by the insane. 
paralysin (par-al'is-in). See agglutinin. 
paralysis (par-al'is-is) [Gr. scapa beside + Xveiv to 
loosen]. A loss of motion or sensation in a liv- 
ing part or member, p. of accommodation, 
paralysis of the ciliary muscles so as to prevent 
accommodation of the eye. acoustic p., ner- 
vous deafness, acute ascending p., a rapidly 
progressing and often fatal ascending paralysis 
of unknown cause. It begins in the muscles of 
the feet and gradually ascends to the other muscles 
of the body. There are no discoverable lesions, and 
the disease runs its course in from two days to four 
weeks. Called also Landry's p. acute atrophic 
p., infantile p., the acute anterior poliomyelitis 
of childhood. See poliomyelitis anterior, acute 
infectious p., acute anterior poliomyelitis, 
p. ag'itans, shaking palsy, or Parkinson's disease: 
a disease of late life, progressive in its course, 
and marked by a characteristic tremor of the 
muscles, weakness, delay of voluntary motion, 
a peculiar festinating gait, and muscular con- 
traction, causing peculiar and characteristic 
positions of the limbs and head. The disease 
is attended with excessive sweating and feelings 
of heat and cold. p. ag'itans, juvenile, a condi- 
tion developing in early life, marked by increased 
muscle tone with the characteristic attitude and 
facies of paralysis agitans, due to a progressive de- 
generation of the globus pallidus. Called also 
syndrome of globus pallidus and paleostriatal syn- 
drome of Hunt, alcoholic p., paralysis caused 
by habitual drunkenness, anesthesia p., 
paralysis following anesthesia, anterior spi- 
nal p., poliomyelitis anterior. arsenical 
p., paralysis due to arsenical poisoning, ascend- 
ing p., spinal paralysis that progresses cephalad. 
association p. Same as bulbar p. asthenic 
bulbar p., myasthenia gravis pseudoparalytica. 
asthenobulbospinal p., myasthenia gravis, 
atrophic spinal p., poliomyelitis anterior. 
Bell's p., facial p., paralysis of the face due to 
lesion of the facial nerve or of its nucleus. Bern- 
hardt's p., pain and hyperesthesia on the outer 
surface of the thigh, due to disease of the external 
cutaneous nerve of the thigh, birth-p., that 
which is due to injury received at birth, brachial 
p., paralysis of an arm. brachiofacial p., 
that which affects the face and an arm. Brown- 
Sequard's p., paralysis of motion on one side 
and of sensation on the other after hemisection 
of the spinal cord, bulbar p., paralysis due to 
changes in the motor centers of the oblongata: 
especially chronic or progressive bulbar paralysis, 
a chronic, usually fatal, disease, marked by progres- 
sive paralysis and atrophy of the muscles of the 
lips, tongue, mouth, pharynx, and larynx, and due 
to degeneration of the nerve nuclei of the floor of 
the fourth ventricle. Death results in from one to 
several years from extension to the cardiac or 
respiratory centers, from atrophy of the muscles 
of respiration, or from entrance of food into the 
air-passages. It is called also labioglossopharyn- 
geal p., labioglossolaryngeal p., and Duchenne's p. 
bulbospinal p., myasthenia gravis, central 
p., any paralysis due to a lesion of the brain or 
spinal cord, centrocapsular p., that which is 
due to disease of the internal capsule, centro- 
cortical p., that which is due to disease of the 
cerebral cortex, cerebral p., any paralysis due 
to an intracranial lesion, chlorotic p., paralysis 
from chlorosis, circumflex p., paralysis of the 
circumflex nerve, complete p., entire loss of 
motion, sensation, and function, compression 
p., paralysis caused by pressure on a nerve, as by 
PARALOGIA 
802 
a crutch or during sleep. cortical p., pa- 
ralysis dependent upon a lesion of the brain cor- 
tex. creeping p., locomotor ataxia, crossed 
p., that which affects one side of the face and the 
other side of the body, crural p., that which 
chiefly affects the thigh or thighs, crutch-p., 
paralysis of an arm or of the arms, due to pressure 
of the crutch in the axilla. Cruveilhier's p., 
progressive muscular atrophy, decubitus p., 
paralysis due to pressure on a nerve from lying 
for a long time in one position, dental p., 
poliomyelitis anterior, occurring in teething chil- 
dren. See poliomyelitis anterior, diphtheric p., 
diphtheritic p., a partial paralysis which often 
follows diphtheria, chiefly affecting the soft palate 
and throat muscles, divers' p., caisson-disease, 
drunkards' arm-p., a variety of musculospiral 
paralysis. Duchenne's p. Same as bulbar p. 
emotional p., paralysis with emotional excite- 
ment occurring in hysteric subjects, epidemic 
infantile p. See acute anterior poliomyelitis and 
poliomyelitis. Erb's p. i. Same as birth-palsy. 
2. Partial paralysis of the brachial plexus affecting 
various muscles of the arm and chest-wall, essen- 
tial p., acute anterior poliomyelitis, exhaus- 
tion p., paralysis from overwork, facial p. 
See Bell's p. Fereol-Graux p., paralysis affect- 
ing the internal rectus of one eye and the external 
rectus of the other, caused by lesion of the abducens 
nucleus, functional p., a temporary paralysis 
which is apparently not caused by a nerve lesion, 
galloping p., a rapidly progressive form of 
general paresis, general p., general p. of the 
insane, general paresis. See paresis, glos- 
solabial p. See bulbar p. Gubler's p., 
crossed hemiplegia, histrionic p., paralysis 
of certain muscles of the face, producing a facial 
expression of some emotion. hysteric p., 
one that may simulate any form of paralysis: it 
appears to have no adequate causative lesion. in- 
complete p., partial paralysis or paresis. Indian- 
bow p., paralysis of the thyro-arytenoid muscles, 
infantile p., poliomyelitis anterior. See polio- 
myelitis. infantile spastic p., the cerebral 
palsy of childhood, infantile spinal p. See 
acute anterior poliomyelitis, under poliomyelitis. 
intermittent p., paralysis due to malaria, 
intrapeduncular p., paralysis of the eye mus- 
cles caused by a lesion located between the cerebral 
peduncles, ischemic p., local paralysis due to 
a stoppage of the circulation, as in certain cases of 
embolism or thrombosis, juvenile p. agitans. 
See p. agitans, juvenile. Klumpke's p., atrophic 
paralysis of the muscles of the arm and hand, 
from lesion of the brachial plexus and the eighth 
cervical and first dorsal nerves. Kussmaul's 
p., ascending spinal paralysis, labial p., 
labioglossolaryngeal p., labioglossophar- 
yngeal p., a form of bulbar paralysis. Landry ' s 
p., acute ascending spinal paralysis, laryngeal 
p., paralysis of one of the laryngeal muscles, 
lead-p., that which is due to lead-poisoning. 
It is marked by wrist-drop, and is due to a periph- 
eral neuritis, lenticular p., that which is due 
to a lesion of the lenticular nucleus, lingual p., 
paralysis of the tongue. Little's p., anterior 
poliomyelitis; the cerebral spastic paralysis of 
childhood, local p., paralysis of one muscle 
or of a group of muscles, masticatory p., 
paralysis of the muscles of mastication, motor 
p., paralysis of voluntary muscles, multiple 
p., a complication of local paralyses, musculo- 
spiral p., paralysis of the wrist-muscles, due to 
lesion or injury of the musculospiral nerve: some- 
times to a toxic influence or to an alcoholic debauch, 
myogenic p., acute anterior poliomyelitis, 
myopathic p., paralysis due to disease of the 
muscle itself, narcosis p., paralysis caused by 
pressure during anesthesia, neural p., paraly- 
sis originating in the nerves, nuclear p., any 
paralysis due to a lesion in a nucleus of origin, 
obstetric p., a birth-palsy; paralysis due 
to injuries received at birth, ocular p. See 
PARALYSIS PARALYSOL 
803 
PARAMCECIUM 
amaurosis, cycloplegia, and ophthalmoplegia, ocu- 
lomotor p., paralysis of the oculomotor nerve, 
organic p., paralysis due to lesion of nerve 
tissue. parturient p., a form of paral- 
ysis following delivery in cows, and thought to 
be due to poisons formed in the udder. Called 
also milk-fever. periodic p., a recurrent 
neurosis, often due to malarial disease, periph- 
eral p., loss of power due to some lesion of 
the nervous mechanism between the nucleus of 
origin and the periphery, phonetic p., paralysis 
of the muscles of speech, post-diphtheric p. 
Same as diphtheric p. posti'CUS p., paralysis 
of the posterior cricothyroid muscle in loco- 
motor ataxia. Pott's p., the paralysis that 
may accompany Pott's disease. pressure p., 
paralysis, generally temporary, caused by pressure 
on a nerve-trunk. progressive bulbar p. 
See bulbar p. pseudobulbar p., a disease 
affecting especially the facial muscles; simulating 
bulbar paralysis, but due to supranuclear lesions; 
supranuclear paralysis. It is marked especially by 
spasmodic laughing and crying, pseudohyper- 
trophic muscular p., a chronic disease char- 
acterized by enlargement without true hypertrophy 
of the muscles, with paralysis due to disturbance of 
nutrition, producing atrophy of the muscle-fibers 
with hypertrophy of the connective tissue and 
fatty infiltration. The disease occurs usually 
late in childhood, and is marked by various de- 
formities, lordosis, and a peculiar swaying gait 
with the legs kept wide apart. The paralysis 
progressively increases, ending in death, which is 
usually due to respiratory weakness, psychic 
p. Same as hysteric p. reflex p., one ascribable 
to peripheral irritation. In some cases secondary 
changes occur in the spinal cord, and the paralysis 
ceases to be truly reflex. Saturday-night p. 
Same as Sunday-morning p. segmental p., 
hypnotic paralysis affecting only a segment of a 
limb, sensory p., anesthesia resulting from a 
morbid process, spastic p., a variety marked 
by rigidity of the muscles and heightened tendon- 
reflexes. spastic spinal p., lateral sclerosis 
of the spinal cord, spinal p., paralysis depend- 
ent on a lesion of the spinal cord, spinomus- 
cular p., paralysis due to lesion of the gray 
matter of the spinal cord, or the nerves spring- 
ing therefrom, spinoneural p. See atrophy, 
spinoneural. Sunday-morning p., musculo- 
spiral paralysis caused by pressure in persons 
who have fallen asleep after a debauch, supra- 
nuclear p., paralysis of the facial nerve due to 
lesion of the cortex or of the facial fibers in the 
corona radiata or capsule, temporary p., 
paralysis which passes away after a short time, and 
which is usually due to the action of a drug or 
to hypnotic or hysteric condition, tic p. See tic. 
tick p., a paralysis which follows the bite of cer- 
tain ticks in children and in domestic animals in 
Oregon, British Columbia, and other parts of the 
world. The cause is not known, p. va'cillans, 
chorea, vasomotor p., paralysis of a vasomotor 
apparatus, resulting in dilatation of blood-vessels. 
Volkmann's p. Same as ischemic p. wasting 
p., progressive muscular atrophy. Werdnig- 
Hoffmann p., a type of familial progressive 
spinal muscular atrophy, beginning in early life 
and ending fatally in from a few months to four 
years, writers' p. Same as writers' cramp. 
Zenker's p., partial paralysis of the parts sup- 
plied by the external popliteal nerve, due to a 
prolonged squatting or kneeling posture. Paralysis 
is further distinguished as traumatic, syphilitic, 
toxic, etc., according to its cause, or as obturator, 
ulnar, etc., according to the nerve, part, or muscle 
specially affected. For other varieties, see under 
hemiplegia, palsy, paraplegia, and paresis. 
paralysol (par-ah-li'sol). A cresol preparation used 
for disinfecting utensils. 
paralysor (par'aLi-zor). A substance which hinders 
or prevents a chemic reaction. 
paralytic (par-al-it'ik) [Gr. irapaXurixos]. i. Af- 
fected with or pertaining to paralysis. 2. A person 
affected with paralysis. 
paralyzant (par-al'iz-ant). 1. Causing paralysis. 
2. A drug that paralyzes. 
paralyze (par'al-iz). To put into a state of par- 
alysis. 
paralyzer (par'al-i-zer). A substance which hinders 
or prevents a chemic reaction. 
paramagnetic (par"ah-mag-net'ik). Character- 
ized by or exhibiting paramagnetism. 
paramagnetism (par-ah-mag'net-izm) [Gr. rrapa 
beside + payv^s magnet]. The property of being 
attracted by a magnet, and of assuming a posi- 
tion parallel to that of a magnetic force. 
paramastigote (par-am-as'tig-6t) [Gr. rrapa beside 
+ paarc^ lash]. Having an accessory flagellum 
by the side of a larger one. 
paramastitis (par"ah-mas-ti'tis) [Gr. rrapa near 4- 
paaros mamma]. Inflammation of the tissues 
around the mammary gland. 
paramastoid (par-ah-mas'toid). Near the mastoid 
process. 
paramastoiditis (par"ah-mas-toi-di'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the temporal bone in mastoiditis. 
Paramecium (par-ah-me'se-um). A genus of ciliate 
protozoans of elongated form. Certain strains of 
this organism have been employed in the protozoan 
test. See under tests. P. CO'li. Same as Balan- 
tidium coli. 
paramedian (par-ah-me'de-an). Same as para- 
mesial. 
parameliten'sis fever. See under fever. 
paramenia (par-ah-me'ne-ah) [Gr. rrapa beside + 
pfjves menses]. Disordered or difficult menstrua- 
tion. 
parameningococcus (par"ah-me-ning-go-kok'us). 
A micro-organism resembling the meningococcus, 
differing only in its serum reactions. 
paramesial (par-ah-me'se-al) [Gr. Trapa near 4- 
peaos middle]. Situated near the mesial line. 
parameter (par-am'et-er) [Gr. Trapa beside + 
perpov measure]. An arbitrary constant, the 
values of which characterize the mathematical ex- 
pressions into which it enters; e. g., rheobasis and 
chronaxia as parameters of the excitability of 
nerves (Lapicque). 
parametric (par-ah-met'rik) [Gr? Trapa beside + 
pryrpa uterus]. Situated near the uterus. 
parametrismus (par"ah-me-triz'mus) [parame- 
trium + trismus]. Pain and spasm of the muscle- 
fibers in the broad ligament: observed in cellulitis 
between the broad ligaments. 
parametritis (par"ah-me-tri'tis). Inflammation 
of the parametrium or cellular tissue about the 
uterus; pelvic cellulitis, posterior p., inflamma- 
tion of the cellular tissue around the uterosacral 
ligaments. 
parametrium (par-ah-me'tre-um) [Gr. rrapa near 
+ prprpa womb]. The tissues that surround the 
uterus. 
paramido-acetophenone (par-am"id-o-as-e-to- 
fe'non). NH2.C6H4.CO.CH3: used in Ehrlich's 
diazo test. 
paramimia (par-ah-mim'e-ah) [Gr. rrapa beside + 
pepla mockery]. Loss of power to make natural 
or expressive gestures and movements. 
paramitome (par-ah-mi'tom) [Gr. rrapa near 4- 
plros thread]. See paraplasm (1st def.). 
paramnesia (par-am-ne'ze-ah) [Gr. rrapa almost 
4- amnesia], 1. Disorder or derangement of the 
memory: a state in which words are remem- 
bered, but are used without a comprehension of 
their meaning. 2. An illusion of memory. 
Paramoeba (par-am-e'ba). Same as Craigia. 
Paramoecium (par-ah-me'se-um). An incorrect 
spelling of Paramecium. paramonochlorophenol (par"ah-mo"no-klo-ro- 
fe'nol). A crystalline body, C8H4(C1).OH(i: 4), 
produced by the chlorination of phenol: an anti- 
septic, used in ointments for the treatment of 
erysipelas. 
paramorphia (par-ah-mor'fe-ah) [Gr. irapa beside 
+ pop<pi) form]. Abnormality of form. 
paramorphin (par-ah-mor'fin). Same as Ihebain. 
Paramphis'tomum cer'vi. A fluke found in the 
stomach of cattle and sheep in Egypt and also in 
the United States 
paramucin (par-ah-mu'sin). A mucoid substance 
sometimes occurring in ovarian cysts. 
paramusia (par-ah-mu'ze-ah) [Gr. irapa almost + 
amusia}. Perversion or partial loss of the power 
of correct musical expression. 
paramyelin (par-ah-mi'el-in). A mono-amino- 
monophosphatid obtained from brain substance. 
paramyoclonus multiplex (par"ah-mi-ok'lo- 
nus) [Gr. irapa beside + juOs muscle + kXooos dis- 
turbance]. An affection marked by clonic parox- 
ysmal contractions of the muscles of the extrem- 
ities: it is sometimes due to an organic central 
lesion, and sometimes hysteric or choreic. 
paramyosinogen (par"ah-mi-o-sin'o-jen) [Gr. 
irapa beside + pvs muscle + yevvav to beget]. A 
protein resembling myosinogen derived from mus- 
cle plasm. 
paramyotone (par-ah-mi'o-ton) Same as para- 
myotonus. 
paramyotonia (par"ah-mi-o-to'ne-ah) [Gr. irapa 
beside + muscle + tovos tension]. A disease 
marked by tonic spasms due to disorder of mus- 
cular tonicity; especially a hereditary and con- 
genital affection, ataxic p., muscular spasm 
with slight ataxia on attempting to move. p. 
congen'ita, or Thomsen's disease, is marked by 
tonic spasm of the muscles and weakness, and is 
due to exposure to cold. See Thomsen's disease, 
under disease, symptomatic p., temporary 
stiffness on starting to walk, seen in paralysis agi- 
tans. 
paramyotonus (par"ah-mi-ot'o-nus). A condition 
marked by tonic muscular spasm. 
paranalgesia (par-an-al-je'se-ah). Analgesia of 
the lower extremities. 
paranea (par-ah-ne'ah). Paranoia. 
paranephric (par-ah-nef'rik). 1. Near the kidney. 
2. Pertaining to the suprarenal capsule. 
paranephrin (par-ah-nef'rin). A hemostatic prep- 
aration from the suprarenal glands: used in 1 :1000 
solution. See epinephrin. 
paranephritis (par"ah-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. irapa near + 
veippbs kidney]. 1. Inflammation of the para- 
nephros. 2. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue around and near the kidney. 
paranephros, paranephrus (par-ah-nef'ros, par- 
ah-nef'rus), pl. paranet phri [Gr. irapa near + 
vetppbs kidney]. A suprarenal capsule. 
paranesthesia (par"an-es-the'ze-ah). Same as 
para-anesthesia. 
paraneural (par-ah-nu'ral) [Gr. irapa beside + 
vevpov nerve]. Beside or alongside of a nerve. 
parangi (pah-ran'je). Ceylonese name for a disease 
resembling yaws. It is probably a form of syphilis. 
paranoia (par-ah-noi'ah) [Gr. irapa beside + vovs 
mind]. A form of insanity marked by systematized 
delusions and chronic in its course, acute hal- 
lucinatory p., paranoia in which hallucinations 
are combined with the delusions, alcoholic p., 
a paranoic condition developing in chronic alcohol- 
ism. p. hallucinato'ria, acute hallucinatory 
paranoia, heboid p., dementia paranoides. p. 
origina'ria, a form of paranoia in children, 
querulous p., paranoia marked by querulous- 
ness. p. sim'plex, a form in which the delusions 
. are related to the actual perceptions of the patient. 
paranoiac (par-ah-noi'ak). 1. Affected with para- 
PARAMONOCHLOROPHENOL 
804 
noia. 2. A person affected with paranoia; a crank; 
an erratic person with a tendency to insanity. 
paranoid (par'an-oid). Resembling paranoia. 
paranoidism (par-ah-noi'dizm). The state of being 
affected with paranoia. 
paranomia (par-ah-no'me-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
boo pa name]. Aphasia in which the names of 
objects felt (myotactic p.) or seen (visual p.) 
are not recollected, wrong names being given to 
them. 
paranuclear, paranucleate (par-ah-nu'kle-ar, 
par-ah-nu'kle-at). Any salt of paranucleic acid. 
paranuclein (par-ah-nu'kle-in). i. The essential 
substance of true nucleoli. 2. Same as nucleo- 
albumin. 
paranucleo-albumin (par-ah-nu"kle-o-al-bu'- 
min). A compound of paranuclein with protein. 
paranucleolus (par"ah-nu-kle'o-lus). A small 
basophil body in the enclosing sac of the nucleus. 
paranucleoprotein (par"ah-nu"kle-o-pro'te-in). 
Any phosphorus-containing protein which, by 
digestion with acid pepsin, affords soluble pep- 
tones and proteoses and an insoluble paranuclein. 
paranucleus (par-ah-nu'kle-us) [Gr. irapa. near + 
nucleus}. A body resembling the nucleus some- 
times seen in the cell-protoplasm near the nu- 
cleus. 
para-omphalic (par"ah-om-fal'ik) [Gr. irapa be- 
side + bpupaXbs navel]. Near the umbilicus. 
para-operative (par-ah-op'er-a-tiv). Pertaining 
to the accessories of an operation, such as care of 
instruments, asepsis, etc. 
parapancreatic (par"ah-pan-kre-at'ik). Situated 
near the pancreas, p. abscess, an abscess in the 
tissue around the pancreas. 
paraparesis (par-ah-paUes-is) [Gr. irapa almost + 
irapeai-s paralysis]. A partia' paralysis, especially 
of the lower extremities. 
parapedesis (par"ah-pe-de'sis) [Gr. irapa beyond 
+ irebrjscs a bending]. Passage of the bile-pigments 
into the blood-capillaries instead of in o the bile- 
capillaries. 
parapeptone (par-ah-pep ton). Same as anti- 
albumate. 
paraperitoneal (par"ah-per-it-o-ne'al). Near the 
peritoneum. 
parapestis (par-ah-pes'tis). Pestes minor. 
paraphasia (par-ah-fa zhe-ah) [Gr. irapa near 4- 
aphasia}. Partial aphasia in which the patient 
employs wrong words, or uses words in wrong and 
senseless combinations (choreic p.). 
paraphasic (par-ah-fa'sik). Characterized by para- 
phasia. 
paraphasis (par-af'as-is). An evagination of the 
membranous roof of the telencephalon in front of 
the velum transversum in certain vertebrate brains. 
paraphemia (par-ah-fe'me-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
speech]. Aphasia marked by the employ- 
ment of the wrong words. 
paraphenetidin (par"ah-fe-net'id-in). A sub- 
stance, amidophenetol, NH2.C6H4.OC2H5: used in 
preparing phenacetin. 
parapheny lendiamin (par"ah-fen-il-en-di-am'in). 
An agent, CeH^NHsh, whose hydrochlorid dyes 
the hair black, but is liable to cause a facial inflam- 
mation. 
paraphia (par-a'fe-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
touch]. A perversion of the sense of touch. 
paraphimosis (par"ah-fi-mo'sis) [Gr. irapa amiss 
+ tpipberv to muzzle]. Retraction of a narrow or 
inflamed foreskin which cannot be replaced. 
paraphobia (par-ah-fo'be-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
<po^os fear], A mild phobia. 
paraphonia (par-ah-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. irapa near + 
aphonia]. Morbid alteration of the voice; partial 
aphonia. 
paraphora (par-af'o-rah) [Gr. irapa aside + vepew 
to bear]. A slight mental disorder. 
PARAPHORA 
myotonus. paraphrasia (par-ah-fra'ze-ah) [Gr. irapa. near + 
aphrasia], Partial aphrasia; speech-defect marked 
by disorderly arrangement of spoken words. 
paraphrenia (par-ah-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. irapa aside + 
ipo-qv mind]. 1. Intellectual insanity; insanity 
marked especially by intellectual disturbance. 2. 
Paraphrenitis. p. confab ulans, a form of para- 
phrenia distinguished by falsifications of memory, 
p. expan'siva, a form of paraphrenia marked by 
delusions of grandeur, an exalted mood, and mild 
excitement, p. phantas'tica, a form of para- 
phrenia marked by phantastic, changeable, and 
unsystematized delusions, p. systemat'ica, a 
form of paraphrenia marked by the gradual de- 
velopment of progressive delusions of persecution, 
with later appearance of delusions of grandeur 
without deterioration of personality. 
paraphrenitis (par"ah-fre-ni'tis) [Gr. irapa near + 
ippiju diaphragm]. Inflammation of the diaphragm, 
or, more correctly, of the parts around it. 
paraphronia (par-af-ro'ne-ah). A condition of 
abnormal mentality marked by change in disposi- 
tion and character. 
paraphysis (par-af'is-is) [Gr. irapa<pvai.s offshoot]. 
A sterile thread alongside the spore sac or sexual 
organs of cryptogamous plants. 
paraphyte (par'af-it) [Gr. irapa aside + ^vrbv 
plant]. A proliferation or excrescent vegetation. 
paraphyton (par-af-i'ton). A vegetable parasite. 
paraplasm (paffah-plazm) [Gr. irapa near + 
irXaapa plasm]. 1. The more fluid portion of the 
protoplasm of a cell, lying between the threads of 
spongioplastic network. Called also cytolymph, 
hyaloplasm, hyalomitome, paramitome, and inter- 
fibrillar substance of Flemming. 2. Any abnor- 
mality or malformation. 
Paraplas'ma flavig'enum. See Seidelin bodies, 
under body. 
paraplasmic (par-ah-plaz'mik). Pertaining to 
paraplasm. 
paraplast (pa/ah-plast). A plaster-base of caout- 
chouc, lanolin, rosin, and dammar. 
paraplastic (par-ah-plas'tik) [Gr. Trapa beside + 
irXarraew to mold]. Exhibiting a perverted for- 
mative power; of the nature of a paraplasm. 
paraplastin (par-ah-plas'tin). A substance re- 
sembling parachromatin in the cytoplasm and 
nucleus of a cell. 
paraplectic (par-ah-plek'tik) [Gr. irapairXrjKTCKbs], 
Same as paraplegic. 
paraplegia (par-ah-ple'je-ah) [Gr. Trapa across + 
irXriyr) stroke]. Paralysis of the legs and lower 
part of the body. The paralysis affects both 
motion and sensation, and the condition is caused 
by disease or injury of the spine, locomotor ataxia, 
transverse myelitis, chronic alcoholism, malaria, 
anemia, and lesion of the brain, alcoholic p., 
paraplegia due to chronic alcoholism, and probably 
dependent upon peripheral neuritis, ataxic p., 
a disease characterized by slowly developing para- 
plegia and incoordination, with exaggeration of the 
tendon-reflexes, and due to lateral and posterior 
sclerosis of the spinal cord, cerebral p., that 
which is due to a bilateral cerebral lesion, cervi- 
cal p., that which affects especially both arms, 
due to high spinal pressure, congenital spas- 
tic p., infantile spastic paraplegia, p. doloro'sa, 
a variety attended with severe pains, due to the 
pressure of neoplasms on the spinal cord and 
nerves, ideal p., a reflex paraplegia due to 
emotional excitement, infantile spastic p., 
spastic paralysis occurring in early childhood, 
and due to injuries in birth, cerebral hemorrhage 
before birth, or abnormal development of the 
brain, p. infeTior, paralysis of both legs, 
peripheral p., that which is due to pressure on 
the nerves. Pott's p., that which is due to verte- 
bral caries, reflex p., paralysis of the lower limbs 
due to peripheral irritation of the nerve-centers, 
senile p., spastic p., a form marked by tonic 
PARAPHRASIA 
805 
spasm of the paralyzed muscles, with increased 
reflex irritability. It is usually caused by trans- 
verse lesions of the spinal cord or by anterolateral 
sclerosis. Called also tetanoid p. spastic p., 
primary, a form of spastic paraplegia said to be 
due to primary degeneration in the pyramidal 
tracts. p. supe'rior, paralysis of both arms, 
tetanoid p. See spastic p. toxic p., paraple- 
gia due to poisons in the blood. 
paraplegic (par-ah-plej'ik) [Gr. irapairXi)yiKbs], 
Pertaining to or of the nature of paraplegia. 
paraplegif orm (par-ah-plej'if-orm). Resembling 
paraplegia. 
parapiejapyrin (par-ah-plej-ah-pi'rin). An anti- 
pyretic and analgesic compound of antipyrin and 
paratoluenesulphamin. 
parapleuritis (par"ah-plu-ri'tis) [Gr. irapa beside 
+ irXevpov side]. Inflammation in the wall of the 
chest. 
paraplexus (par-ah-plek'sus) [Gr. irapa. beside + 
plexus], The choroid plexus of the lateral ven- 
tricle. 
parapneumonia (par-ah-nu-mo'ne-ah). A disease 
resembling pneumonia clinically, but not due to 
infection with its germ. 
parapophysis (par-ah-pof'is-is) [Gr. irapa near + 
apophysis]. The lower transverse process of a 
vertebra or its homologue. 
parapoplexy (par-ap'o-pleks-e) [Gr. irapa near + 
apoplexy]. Slight apoplexy; also an attack re- 
sembling apoplexy, but of a different nature. 
parapraxia (par-ah-prak'se-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
irpa^cs doing], i. Irrational behavior. 2. Inabil- 
ity to perform purposive movements properly. 
paraproctitis (par"ah-prok-ti'tis) [see paraproc- 
tium]. Inflammation of the paraproctium. 
paraproctium (par-ah-prok'she-um) [Gr. irapa be- 
side + irpuKTOs anus]. The tissues that surround 
the rectum and anus. 
paraprostatitis (par"ah-pros-tat-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the tissues near the prostate gland. 
parapsis (par-ap'sis) [Gr. irapa beside+a\pi.s touch]. 
Morbid sense of touch; paraphia. 
parapsoriasis (par-ah-so-ri'as-is). A chronic skin 
disease resembling psoriasis and lichen. It is 
marked by persistent red, scaling patches with 
lichen-like lesions, and is without subjective 
sensations. 
parapyknomorphous (par"ah-pik-no-mor'fus) 
[Gr. irapa near + ttvkvos thick + popipr) form]. 
Neither pyknomorphous nor apyknomorphous, 
but between the two. Staining moderately well. 
parapyramidal (par"ah-pi-ram'id-al). Beside or 
near a .pyramid. 
paraqueduct (par-ak'we-dukt). A lateral exten- 
sion of the cerebral aqueduct. 
pararabin (par-ar'ab-in). A carbohydrate resid- 
uum identified by Reichardt (1875) and obtained 
by depriving agar-agar of its nitrogen (Bordet- 
Zung, 1914). 
pararectal (par-ah-rek'tal). Beside the rectum. 
parareducin (par"ah-re-du'sin) [Gr. irapa near + 
reducin], A leukomain found in the urine. 
parareflexia (par"ah-re-flek'se-ah). Any disorder 
or derangement of the reflexes. 
pararegulin (par-ah-reg'u-lin). A proprietary lax- 
ative said to contain paraffin and cascara sagrada. 
pararenal (par-ah-re'nal). Alongside of the kid- 
ney. 
pararhotacism (par-ah-ro'tas-izm) [Gr. irapa be- 
side + p& the letter r]. Faulty enunciation of 
the sound of the letter r. 
pararhythmia (par-ar-ith'me-ah). Cardiac arhyth- 
mia in which two separate rhythms are going on at 
the same time. 
pararosanilin (par"ah-ro-zan'il-in). Parafuchsin, 
pararthria (par-arThre-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
apOpov articulation]. Disordered or imperfect 
utterance of speech. 
PARARTHRIA parasacral (par-ah-sa'kral). Situated or occurring 
near the sacrum, p. anesthesia. See anesthesia. 
parasagittal (par-ah-saj'it-al). Parallel with the 
median plane. 
parasalpingitis (par"ah-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. ira.pa 
near 4- aaXiriy^ tube 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the tissues around an oviduct. 
parascarlet (par-ah-skar'let). See fourth disease, 
under disease. 
parasecretion (par"ah-se-kre'shun). Perversion 
of the secretions; also hypersecretion. 
paraserum reflex (par-ah-se'rum). See under 
reflex. 
parasigmatism (par-ah-sig'mat-izm) [Gr. irapa 
beside + aiypa letter 5]. Imperfect pronun- 
ciation of s-sounds. 
parasinoidal (par"ah-si-noi'dal) [Gr. irapa near + 
sinus], Situated along the course of a sinus. 
parasite (par'ah-sit) [Gr. irapaairos], 1. A plant or 
animal which lives upon or within a living organ- 
ism at whose expense it obtains some advantage 
without compensation. 2. A fetus, or part of a 
fetus, that takes its sustenance from an autosite, 
or twin fetus, accidental p., an organism which 
is only occasionally parasitic, allantoic p., a 
twin embryonic parasite in which the weaker mem- 
ber takes its blood-supply from the stronger 
through its allantoic circulation, commensal 
p., a parasite which derives its sustenance from 
the food of its host, estivo-autumnal p. See 
Plasmodium falciparum, facultative p., an 
organism, normally or usually saprophytic, which 
is capable of living as a parasite, half p., an 
organism able to produce disease if assisted in some 
way, but lacking some of the powers of a full 
pathogen, incidental p., a parasite in a. host 
which normally it does not inhabit, inquiline 
p. See inquiline. Leishman-Donovan p. 
See Leishman-Donovan body, under body, obliga- 
tory p., a parasite which cannot live apart from 
its host, quartan p., tertian p., forms of the 
malarial hematozobn. specific p., one normal to 
its present host, true p., a parasite which de- 
rives its sustenance from the tissue of its host. 
parasitic (par-ah-sit'ik) [Gr. irapacriTiK.bs]. Per- 
taining to or of the nature of a parasite. 
parasiticide (par-ah-sit'is-id) [L. paras'itus a para- 
site + ca'dere to kill]. Destructive to parasites; 
also an agent destructive to parasites. The prin- 
cipal parasiticides are corrosive sublimate, sul- 
phurous acid, the sulphates, acetic acid, carbolic 
acid, sulphur, cocculus indicus, staphisagria, and 
mercurial ointment. 
parasitifer (par-ah-sit'if-er) [parasite + L. fe/re 
to bear]. An organism which serves as the host 
of a parasite. 
parasitism (par'ah-sit-izm). 1. The state of being 
a parasite. 2. Infestation with parasites. 
parasitogenic (par"ah-si-to-jen'ik) [Gr. irapaairos 
parasite + yevvav to beget]. Caused by parasites. 
parasitologist (par-ah-si-tol'o-jist). A student of 
parasitology. 
parasitology (par"ah-si-tol'o-je) [Gr. irapaairos 
parasite 4- Xbyos treatise]. The sum of what is 
known in regard to parasites. 
parasitophobia (par"ah-si-to-fo'be-ah) [parasite 
+ Gr. <p60os fear]. Insane dread of parasites; 
morbid imagination that one is infested with para- 
sites. 
parasito trope, parasitotropic (par-ah-si'to- 
trop, par"ah-si-to-trop'ik) [parasite + Gr. rpeireiv 
to turn]. Having special affinity for parasites. 
See organotrope and chemotherapy. 
parasito tropism, parasitotropy (par"ah-si- 
tot'ro-pizm, par"ah-si-tot'ro-pe). The affinity of a 
drug for infective parasites. 
paraspadia (par-ah-spa'de-ah) [Gr. irapaairaeiv to 
draw aside]. A condition in which the urethra 
opens upon one side of the penis. 
PARASACRAL 
806 
PARATOXIN 
paraspasm (par'ah-spazm) [L. paraspas'mus; Gr. 
TrapaaTraaMOsL Spasm of both lower extremities; 
having a relation to paraplegia. 
paraspecific (par"ah-spe-sif'ik). Having curative 
properties in addition to the specific one. 
parasteatosis (par"ah-ste-at-o'sis) [Gr. irapa be- 
side + ar tap suet]. Disorder of sebaceous secre- 
tions. 
parasternal (par-ah-ster'nal) [Gr. irapa beside + 
arepoov sternum]. Situated beside the sternum. 
parasthenia (par-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
adevos strength], A condition of organic tissue 
causing it to function at abnormal intervals. 
parastruma (par-ah-stru'mah). Goiter due to en- 
largement of a parathyroid gland. 
parasympathetic bodies. See under body. 
parasynanche (par-ah-sin'an-ke) [Gr. irapaav- 
vayxrj], Inflammation of a parotid gland or of the 
throat muscles. 
parasynapsis (par-ah-sin-ap'sis) [Gr. irapa beside 
+ avvaxpis conjugation]. The conjunction of 
chromosomes side by side. Cf. telosynapsis. 
parasynovitis (par"ah-sin-o-vi'tis) [Gr. irapa near 
+ synovitis]. Inflammation of the tissues about 
a synovial sac. 
parasyphilis (par-ah-sif'il-is). Parasyphilosis. 
parasyphilitic (par"ah-sif-il-it'ik). Pertaining to 
. a sequel or result of syphilis, but not to syphilis 
itself. 
parasyphilosis (par"ah-sif-il-o'sis). A diseased 
condition following and partly due to syphilis, but 
not itself syphilitic. 
parasystole (par-ah-sis'to-le) [Gr. irapa. near + 
crvaroXi) contraction]. An abnormally prolonged 
interval between the systole and the diastole. 
paratarsium (par-ah-tar'se-um) [Gr. irapa near + 
tarsus]. The side of the tarsus of the foot. 
paratenon (par-ah-ten'bn) [Gr. irapa beside + 
rev&v tendon]. The fatty areolar tissue filling 
the interstices of the fascial compartment in which 
a tendon is situated. 
paratereseomania (par"ah-ter-e"se-o-ma'ne-ah) 
[Gr. ir apart) pip? is observation 4- pavta madness], 
A mania for seeing new sights. 
paraterminal body (par-ah-ter'min-al). See un- 
der body. 
parathesin (par-ath'e-sin). A white, crystalline 
powder, ethylpara-aminobenzoate, NH2.CeH4.CO.- 
O.C2H5: used as a local anesthetic and anodyne. 
parathymia (par-ah-thi'me-ah) [Gr. irapa beside 4- 
Ovpos mind]. Disordered emotion; emotional in- 
sanity. 
parathyrin (par-ah-thi'rin). The active principle 
of the parathyroids. It has an inhibitory effect on 
the activity of nerve-cells. 
parathyroid (par-ah-thi'roid) [Gr. irapa near 4- 
thyroid], 1. Situated beside the thyroid gland. 
2. Any one of four small glands, one on the 
lateral and one on the mesial surface of each lat- 
eral lobe of the thyroid. They are quite distinct 
from the accessory thyroids. 
parathyroidal (par"ah-thi-roi'dal). Pertaining 
to the parathyroids. 
parathyroidectomize (par"ah-thi-roi-dek'to-miz). 
To remove the parathyroids from. 
parathyroidectomy (par"ah-thi-roid-ek'to-me) 
[parathyroid + Gr. tKiop-q excision]. The ex- 
cision of a parathyroid. 
paratoloid, paratoloidin (par-ah-to'loid, par- 
ah-to-loi'din). Koch's lymph, or tuberculin. 
paratonia (par-ah-to'ne-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
rbvos tension]. Excessive extension; hyperex- 
tension. 
paratophan (par-at'o-fan). A methyl derivative of 
atophan: used like the latter. 
paratoxin (par-ah-toks'in). A preparation of bile PARATRICHOSIS 
807 
PARESO-ANALGESIA 
containing cholesterin, but deprived of bile-pig- 
ments. It is used in tuberculosis, and is sup- 
posed to act by neutralizing the tuberculous 
toxins. 
paratrichosis (par"ah-trik-o'sis) [Gr. irapa beside 
4- rpixowis hairiness]. Any abnormality in the 
character or situation of the hair. 
paratrimma (par-ah-trim'ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
Tpl/deiv to rub]. 1. Irritation; chafing. 2. Inter- 
trigo, especially between the nates. 
paratripsis (par-ah-trip'sis) [see paratrimma]. 1. 
Irritation or chafing. 2. Suppression of tissue 
waste. 
paratriptic (par-ah-trip'tik). 1. Preventing bodily 
waste. 2. An agent that prevents the waste of 
nervous or other tissue. 
paratrophic (par-ah-trof'ik) [Gr. irapa beside 4- 
Tpoip-q nutrition]. Requiring living material or 
complex protein matter for food. 
paratrophy (par-at'ro-fe) [Gr. irapa beside + 
rpocpi) nutrition]. 1. Perverted nutrition. 2. A 
dystrophy resembling myxedema, and character- 
ized by painful, fatty swellings; adiposis dolorosa. 
paratuberculosis (par"ah-tu-ber-ku-lo'sis). Any 
disease not tuberculous, but flourishing in a tu- 
berculous constitution. 
paratuberculous (par"ah-tu-ber'ku-lus). Having 
an indirect relation to tuberculosis; due to con- 
ditions produced by tuberculosis. 
paratudo (par-ah-tu'do). The tuberous roots of 
Gomphre'na officina'lis and G. macrophyl'la, of 
South America: a polychrest native remedy. 
paratyphlitis (par"ah-tif-li'tis) [Gr. irapa beside + 
rv<pXbs blind 4- -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the postperitoneal tissue of the cecum: it 
originates in an appendicitis. 
paratyphoid (par-ah-ti'foid). Resembling typhoid 
fever or the typhoid bacterium, p. bacillus. See 
under bacterium, p. fever. See under fever. 
paratypic, paratypical (par-ah-tip'ik, -tip'ik-al). 
Differing from the type. 
para-umbilical (par"ah-um-bil'ik-al). Near the 
umbilicus. 
para-urethral (par"ah-u-re'thral). Situated or oc- 
curring near the urethra. 
para-uterine (par-ah-u'ter-in). Situated close to 
the uterus. 
paravaginal (par-ah-vaj'in-al). Beside or along- 
side of the vagina. 
paravaginitis (par"ah-vaj-in-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the tissue about the vagina. 
paravertebral (par-ah-ver'te-bral). Beside the 
vertebral column, p. anesthesia. See anes- 
thesia. 
paravesical pouch (par-ah-ves'ik-al). See pouch. 
paraxanthin (par-aks-an'thin). A leukomain, 
C7H8N4O2, or dimethylxanthin, a crystalline sub- 
stance found in urine. It is one of the xanthin 
bases, resembling theobromin in structure and 
physiologic action. It is poisonous, and pro- 
duces rigidity and loss of mobility in the muscles, 
dyspnea, and reflex excitability. It is one of the 
causes of gout. 
paraxial (par-aks'e-al) [Gr. irapa beside 4- axis]. 
Situated alongside an axis. 
paraxin (par-aks'in). A white, crystalline sub- 
stance, dimethylaminoparaxanthin: used as a 
diuretic. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
paraxon (par-aks'on) [para- 4- axon]. A collateral 
branch of a neuraxon or axis-cylinder process. 
parazoon (par-ah-zo'on) [Gr. irapa on 4- f&ov an- 
imal]. An animal organism parasitic upon or 
within an animal. 
Pardanthus chinen'sis (par-dan'thus). An irida- 
ceous plant of Asia of high repute as an aperient. 
Pare (par-az), Ambroise. A French surgeon, born 
in 1509, and sometimes called the father of French 
surgery. He reformed the treatment of gun-shot 
wounds, substituting the ligation of arteries for 
cauterization. Died in 1590. 
parectasia (par-ek-ta'se-ah). Parectasis. 
parectasis (par-ek'ta-sis) [Gr. irapa beside 4- enra- 
ais extension]. Excessive stretching or distention 
of a part or organ. 
parectropia (par-ek-tro'pe-ah) [Gr. irapa beside + 
ex out + r pottos turning]. Same as apraxia. 
paregoric (par-e-gor'ik) [Gr. irappyopiKos consol- 
ing]. 1. Anodyne. 2. Paregoric elixir, or the 
camphorated tincture of opium: anodyne. Dose, 
5-75 min. (0.333-5 c.c.). 
pareira (par-a'rah) [Port. " brier "]. The root 
of Chondroden'dron tomento' sum, a South American 
plant. It contains the alkaloid pelosin, is diuretic 
and tonic, and is used in cystitis, pyelitis, rheuma- 
tism, dropsy, and leukorrhea. Dose of fluidextract, 
30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of extract, 15 gr. (1 gm.), 
of decoction, 1 fl.oz. (30 c.c.). Called also pareira 
brava. 
parelectronomic (par"e-lek-tro-nom'ik). Giving 
no response to electromotive stimuli. 
parelectronomy (par-e-lek-tron'o-me) [Gr. irapa 
against + electric + Gr. vbpos law]. A condition 
in which there is a decrease in strength of an elec- 
tric current passed through a muscle. 
parencephalia (par"en-se-fa'le-ah) [Gr. -irapa be- 
side + eyKetpaXos brain]. Congenital defect of the 
brain. 
parencephalitis (par"en-sef-ah-li'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the cerebellum. 
parencephalocele (par-en-sef'al-o-sel) [parenceph- 
alon + Gr. ktiXt] hernia]. Hernial protrusion of 
the cerebellum. 
parencephalon (par-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. irapa near 4- 
eyK.e<pa\os brain]. The cerebellum. 
parencephalous (par-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. irapa aside 
+ eyK&paXos brain]. Having a congenital de- 
formity of the brain. 
parenchyma (par-en'kim-ah) [Gr. irapeyxvpa]. 
The essential or functional elements of an organ as 
distinguished from its stroma, or framework. 
parenchymal (par-en'kim-al). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of parenchyma. 
parenchymatitis (par"en-kim-at-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of a parenchyma. 
parenchymatous (par-en-kim'at-us). Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a parenchyma. 
parenchymula (par-en-kim'u-lah). The embry- 
onic stage next succeeding that called the closed 
blastula. 
parental (par-en'tal). Pertaining to or derived 
from the parents. 
parenteral (par-en'ter-al) [Gr. irapa beside 4- 
evrepov intestine]. Not through the alimentary 
canal, i. e., either subcutaneous or intravenous. 
parepicoele (par-ep'e-sel). The lateral recess of 
the epiccele, or fourth ventricle. 
parepididymis (par"ep-id-id'im-is). Same as para- 
didymis. 
parepigastric (par-ep-e-gas'trik). Near the epi- 
gastrium. 
parepithymia (par"ep-e-thim'e-ah) [Gr. irapa 
amiss + eiri-Ovpla longing]. Morbid or abnormal 
desires or appetites; morbid craving. 
paresis (par'es-is) [Gr. irapeais relaxation]. 1. Gen- 
eral paresis. 2. Slight or incomplete paralysis, 
general p., a chronic disease of the brain char- 
acterized by degeneration of the cortical neurons 
and marked by progressive loss of mental and 
physical power. It results from antecedent syph- 
ilitic infection. The prognosis is hopeless, the dis- 
ease lasting from several months to three or four 
years. Called also general paralysis of the insane, 
paretic dementia, dementia paralytica, cerebral 
tabes, and chronic meningo-encephalitis. 
pareso-analgesia (par"es-o-an-al-je'ze-ah). In- 
complete paralysis with analgesia. PARESTHESIA 
808 
PAROPHTHALMIA 
paresthesia, paresthesia (par-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
irapa beside 4- aladriais sensation]. Morbid or 
depraved sensation; an abnormal Sensation, as 
burning, pricking, formication, etc. Berger's p., 
paresthesia in young persons of one or both lower 
limbs, accompanied by weakness, but without ob- 
jective symptoms. Bernhardt's p., numbness, 
pain on exertion, and hyperesthesia of the part 
of the thigh supplied by the external cutaneous 
nerve, visceral p., an abnormal sensation re- 
ferred to some viscus; not a mere excess or defect 
of a normal visceral sensation. 
paresthetic (par-es-thet'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by paresthesia. 
paretic (par-et'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
paresis. 
pareunia (par-u'ne-ah) [Gr. irapa beside 4- cvpt) 
couch]. Coitus; sexual intercourse. 
parhemoglobin (par-hem-o-glo'bin). A form of 
hemoglobin insoluble in alcohol. 
par hormone (par-hor'mon). Any substance, not a 
true hormone, having a hormone-like action. 
parica (par-e-kah'). A narcotic snuff prepared 
from the seeds of Piptade'nia ni'ops, a tree of 
Brazil. 
paricin (pah'ris-in). An alkaloid, C18H18ON2 4* 
|H2O, from the bark of Cincho'na succiru'bra. 
paridrosis (par-id-ro'sis) [Gr. irapa beside 4- 15- 
pLoats perspiration]. Any disorder or perverted 
state of the perspiration. 
paries (pa're-ez), pl. pari'etes [L.]. The wall of 
an organ or cavity, p. anterior, an anterior 
wall, as of the stomach or vagina, p. carot'- 
ica tym'pani [B N A], the anterior wall of the 
tympanum, p. infe'rior, the inferior wall of the 
orbit, p. jugula'ris [B N A], the floor of the 
cavity of the tympanum, p. labyrin'thica [B N 
A], the inner wall of the cavity of the tympanum, 
p. lateralis, the lateral wall of the orbit, p. 
mastoi'dea [B N A], the posterior wall of the 
cavity of the tympanum, p. media'lis, the me- 
dial wall of the orbit, p. membrana'cea [B N 
A], the outer wall of the cavity of the tympanum, 
p. poste'rior, the posterior wall, as of the stom- 
ach or vagina, p. supe'rior, the superior wall of 
the orbit, p. tegmentalis [B N A], the teg- 
mental wall of the cavity of the tympanum. 
parietal (par-i'et-al) [L. parieta'lis; pa'ries a wall]. 
Of or pertaining to the walls of a cavity. 
Parietaria (par-i-e-ta're-ah). See pellitory. 
parietes (par-i'et-ez) [L. " walls "]. The walls of 
an organ or cavity. 
parietofrontal (par-i"et-o-fron'tal). Pertaining 
to the parietal and frontal bones, gyri, or fissures. 
parieto-occipital (par-i"et-o-ok-sip'it-al). Per- 
taining to the parietal and occipital bones or 
lobes. 
parietosphenoid (par-i"et-o-sfe'noid). Pertaining 
to the parietal and sphenoid bones. 
parietosplanchnic (par-i"et-o-splank'nik). Pari- 
etovisceral. 
parietosquamosal (par-i"et-o-skwam-o'sal). Per- 
taining to the parietal bone and the squamous 
portion of the temporal bone. 
parietotemporal (par-i"et-o-tem'po-ral). Per- 
taining to the parietal and temporal bones or 
lobes. 
parietovisceral (par-i"et-o-vis'er-al). Both pari- 
etal and visceral; pertaining to the walls of a 
cavity and the viscera within it. 
parigenin (par-ij-e'nin). An alkaloid derived 
from parillin by the action of sulphuric acid. 
parillin (par-il'in) [Spanish parilia vine]. A crys- 
talline glucosid, C40H70O18, the active principle 
of sarsaparilla root. It slows the heart's action. 
Called also parillic acid, saliseparin, and salsepari- 
sin. 
Parmaud's conjunctivitis (pah-rin-oz') [Henri 
Parinaud, French ophthalmologist, 1844-1905]. 
See conjunctivitis. 
Paris green (par'is). A double salt of copper ace- 
tate and copper meta-arsenite, Cu(C2H3Ch)2-3Cu- 
(AsO2)2. Called also Schweinf urt green. 
parisol (par-i'sol). An antiseptic preparation of 
formaldehyd and saponified naphthaquinone. 
paristhmic (par-ist'mik). Pertaining to the tonsils, 
paristhmion (par-isth'me-on) [Gr. irapa beside + 
laOpos isthmus]. A tonsil. 
paristhmitis (par-ist-mi'tis). Tonsillitis. 
parity (par'it-e). 1 [L. parere to give birth]. The 
condition of a woman with respect to her having 
borne children. 2 [L. par equal]. Equality; close 
correspondence or similarity. 
Park's aneurysm [Henry Park, English surgeon, 
1744-1831]. See aneurysm. 
Park-Williams bacillus [William H. Park, Amer- 
ican bacteriologist, bom 1863; Anna W. Williams, 
American bacteriologist]. See under bacillus. 
Parker's fluid [George A. Parker, American zo- 
ologist, born 1864]. See under fluid. 
Parker's incision [Willard Parker, New York 
surgeon, 1800-1884]. See incision. 
parkinsonism (par'kin-sun-izm). Paralysis agi- 
tans. 
Parkinson's disease, facies (par'kin-sunz) 
[James Parkinson, English physician, 1755-1824]. 
See disease, facies. 
paroarium (par-o-a're-um). Same as parovarium. 
paroccipital (par-ok-sip'it-al) [Gr. irapa near 4- L. 
oc'ciput occiput]. Near the occipital bone. 
parodontid (par-o-don'tid) [Gr. Trapa beside 4- 
bbovs tooth]. A tumor upon the gum. 
parodontitis (par"o-don-ti'tis) [see parodontid}. 
Inflammation of tissues about a tooth. 
parodynia (par-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. Trapa amiss 4- 
68vvi] pain]. Dystocia, or morbid labor. 
parogen (paPo-jen). Oxygenated paraffin, a prepa- 
ration containing liquid paraffin, 40 parts, oleic 
acid, 40 parts, and ammoniated alcohol (5 per cent.), 
20 parts: used as a basis for liniments. 
paroleine (par-o-le'in). A proprietary liquid par- 
affin preparation. 
paroliva (par-ol'iv-ah). An accessory part of the 
olivary body. 
parolivary (par-ol'iv-ar-e) [Gr. irapa near + oli- 
vary], Situated near the olivary body. 
paromphalocele (par-om-fal'o-sel) [Gr. irapa near 
+ opipaXos navel + kt]Xt) hernia]. Hernia sit- 
uated near the navel. 
paroniria (par-o-nir'e-ah) [Gr. irapa near 4- opapos 
dream]. Morbid dreaming. 
paronychia (par-o-nik'e-ah) [Gr. irapa near + 6vv% 
nail]. A felon or whitlow; abscess and suppu- 
ration of the terminal phalanx of the finger. It 
may be superficial and confined to the structures 
about the nails, or deep-seated, in which case the 
. periosteum and bone are affected, and there are 
pain, necrosis, and marked constitutional dis- 
turbance. p. tendino'sa, septic inflammation 
of the sheath of the tendon of a finger. 
paronychial (par-o-nik'e-al). Of or pertaining to 
paronychia. 
parobphoric (par-o-of-o'rik). Pertaining to the 
paroophoron. 
parobphoritis (par"o-of-o-ri'tis). 1. Inflammation 
of the paroophoron. 2. Inflammation of the tis- 
sues about the ovary. 
paroophoron (par-o-of'o-ron) [Gr. irapa near 4- 
wov egg 4~ <pepeiv to bear]. A relic in the broad 
ligament of the urinary portion of a wolffian body. 
It is a tubular body corresponding to the organ 
of Giraldes in the male. 
parophthalmia (par-of-thal'me-ah) [Gr. irapa 
beside 4* b<p6aXpbs eye]. Inflammation of the 
connective tissue around the eye. parophthalmoncus (par"of-thal-mong'kus) [Gr. 
irapa beside 4- otpOaXpos eye + byKos tumor], A 
tumor situated near the eye. 
parophysoxia (par-o-fiz-ok'se-ah). A proprietary 
veterinary antiseptic, purgative, and carminative: 
used in colitis and irritative affections of the 
alimentary canal. Dose, 4-5 fl.oz. (118-148 c.c.). 
paropsis (par-op'sis) [Gr. irapa beside + oi^is 
vision]. Disorder of the sense of vision. 
parorchidium (par-or-kid'e-um) [Gr. irapa beside 
+ opxts testicle]. Misplacement of a testicle or 
testicles. 
parorchis (par-or'kis). The epididymis. 
parorexia (par-o-reks'e-ah) [Gr. irapa aside 4- 
6 pelfs appetite]. Nervous perversion of the ap- 
petite, with craving for special articles of diet or for 
articles that are not fit for Jood. 
parosmia (par-oz'me-ah) [Gr. irapa aside + 607x17 
smell]. Any disease or perversion of the sense 
of smell. 
parosphresia, parosphresis (par-os-fre'ze-ah, 
par-os-fre'sis) [Gr. irapa near + ba<ppecns smell- 
ing]. Disorder or perversion of the sense of smell. 
parosteal (par-os'te-al). Pertaining to the outer 
surface of the periosteum. 
parosteitis, parostitis (par"os-te-i'tis, par-os-ti'- 
tis) [Gr. irapa near 4- osteitis]. Inflammation of 
the tissues around a bone. 
parosteosis, parostosis (par-os-te-o'sis, par-os- 
to'sis) [Gr. irapa near 4- bciTeov bone]. Ossifica- 
tion of the tissues outside of the periosteum. 
parotic (par-ot'ik) [Gr. irapa near + ovs ear]. 
Situated or occurring near the ear. 
parotid (par-ot'id) [Gr. irapa near 4- ovs ear]. 1. 
Situated near the ear. 2. The parotid gland. 
parotidean (par-ot-id'e-an). Pertaining to the 
parotid gland. 
parotidectomy (par-ot-id-ek'to-me) [parotid 4- 
Gr. eKrop/f) excision]. Excision of the parotid 
gland. 
parotiditis (par-ot-id-i'tis). Same as parotitis. 
parotido-auricularis (par-ot"id-o-aw"rik-u-la'- 
ris). A muscle, somewhat rare in man, arising 
on the fascia over the parotid gland and inserted 
in the deep surface of the concha. 
parotidoscirrhus (par-ot"id-o-skir'us) [parotid 
gland + Gr. aKlppos hardness]. Hardening of 
the parotid gland. 
parotidosclerosis (par-ot"id-o-skle-ro'sis). Scle- 
rosis of the parotid gland. 
parotitis (par-ot-i'tis). Inflammation of the par- 
otid gland; mumps. See mumps. 
parous (pa'rus) [L. paPere to bear]. Puerperal. 
parovarian (par-o-va're-an). Pertaining to the 
parovarium. 
parovariotomy (par"o-va-re-ot'o-me) [parovarium 
4- Gr. repoeru to cut]. The removal of a cyst 
of the parovarium by cutting. 
parovaritis (par"o-var-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the parovarium. 
parovarium (par-o-va're-um) [Gr. irapa near 4- L. 
ova'rium ovary]. A tubular structure of the 
broad ligament; the body of Rosenmuller. With 
the paroophoron, it represents the embryonic 
wolffian body. Called also epodphoron. 
paroxia (par-oks'e-ah). Same as pica. 
paroxysm (par'oks-izm) [Gr. irapo^vapbs]. A sud- 
den recurrence or intensification of symptoms. 
paroxysmal (par-oks-iz'mal). Recurring in par- 
oxysms. 
parr esine (par'es-in). A mixture of paraffin, gum 
alum, Japan wax, asphalt, and eucalyptol: used as 
a protective dressing to wounds and burns. 
parrot-beak nail. See nail. 
parrot-jaw. The condition produced by pro- 
trusion of the upper jaw. 
PAROPHTHALMONCUS 
809 
parrot-mouth. Retraction of the lower jaw 
in the horse. 
Parrot's disease, node, sign, ulcer (par-6z'> 
[Jules Marie Parrot, a French physician, 1829-1883}. 
See disease, node, sign, ulcer. 
Parry's disease (par'ez) [Caleb Hillier Parry, Eng- 
lish physician, 1756-1822]. Exophthalmic goiter. 
pars (parz), pl. par'tes. Latin for part. p. basila'- 
ris os'sis occipita'lis, the basilar process of 
the occipital bone. p. calcaneocuboi'dea, the 
internal calcaneocuboid ligament, p. calcan- 
eonavicula'ris, the superior calcaneoscaphoid 
ligament, p. caverno'sa [B N A], the cavernous 
portion of the urethra, p. centra'lis [B N A]. 
See cella media, p. convolu'ta, the labyrinth of 
the kidney, p. flac'cida [B N A], Shrapnell's 
membrane, p. horizonta'lis [B N A], the hori- 
zontal plate of the palate bone. p. inflex'a, the 
bar of a horse's hoof. p. infundibula'ris, the 
orifice of the duct of the mammary gland, p. 
intercartilagin'ea, the respiratory glottis, p. 
interme dia fos'sae rhomboi'dea [B N A], the 
middle part of the rhomboid fossa, p. inter- 
membrana'cea, the true glottis, p. irid'ica 
ret'inae, the uveal tract, p. laryng'ea, the 
laryngopharynx. p. mamilla'ris hypothal - 
ami, the mamillary bodies and their surroundings, 
p. mastoi'dea [B N A], the mastoid portion of the 
temporal bone. p. membrana'cea [B N A], the 
membranous portion of the urethra, p. mem- 
brana'cea sep'ti [B N A], the area at the base 
of the intraventricular septum of the heart where 
the tissue is extremely thin. p. nasa'lis laryn'- 
gis, the nasopharynx, p. op'tica hypothal'- 
ami, the optic chiasm and its surroundings, p. 
oralis pharyn'gis, the oropharynx, p. or- 
bita'lis [BN A], the orbital portion of the frontal 
bone. p. perpendicula'ris [B N A], the ver- 
tical plate of the palate bone. p. petro'sa [B N 
A], the petrous portion of the temporal bone. p. 
pri'ma, the first portion of the root of the facial 
nerve, p. prostat'ica [B N A], the prostatic 
portion of the urethra, p. pylor'ica, the pyloric 
portion of the stomach, p. radia'ta [proces'sus 
ferrei'ni], Ferrein's pyramids. See under pyra- 
mid. p. spongio'sa. Same as p. caverno'sa. p. 
squamo'sa, the squamous portion of the tem- 
poral bone. p. supe'rior duode'ni. Swpilleus 
ventriculi, p. ten'sa [B N A], the main, tense por- 
tion of the tympanic membrane, p. triangula'- 
ris, the preoperculum, p. tympan'ica [B N A], 
the tympanic portion of the temporal bone. 
parsley (pars'le). The umbelliferous plant A'pium 
petroseli'num. The root and fruit or seeds are 
antiperiodic, stimulant, aperient, and diuretic. 
The root is given in dropsy and kidney disease; 
the leaves furnish apiol. Dose of fluidextract, 
20-30 min. (1.33-2 c.c.). p.-camphor, apiol. 
Parsons' disease (par'sunz) [James Parsons, Eng- 
lish physician, 1705-1770]. Exophthalmic goiter. 
Part. aeq. Abbreviation for L. par'tes aqua'les, 
equal parts. 
parthenicin (par-then'is-in). An antipyretic alka- 
loid from Parthefnium hysteroph'orus, a plant of 
tropical America. Dose, 7-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
parthenin (par'then-in). A bitter, crystalline, 
analgesic and febrifugal alkaloid from Parthe'- 
nium hysteroph'orus. Antiperiodic dose, 7-15 
gr. (0.5-1 gm.); analgesic dose, f gr. (0.05 gm.). 
Parthenium (par-the'ne-um). A genus of com- 
posite plants. P. hysteroph'orus contains par- 
thenicin and parthenin. P. integrifo'lium, the 
prairie-dock, is antiperiodic. 
parthenogenesis (par"then-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. irap- 
Oevos virgin + yeveacs production]. 1. Asexual 
reproduction. 2. Same as alternation of generations. 
3. The development of an egg without fertilization. 
parthenoplasty (par-then'o-plas-te) [Gr. irap- 
Oevos virgin + ir'Kaarreiv to form]. Production of 
a spurious virginity by suturing the ruptured hy- 
men. 
PARTHENOPLASTY parthogenesis (par-tho-jen'es-is). Same as par- 
thenogenesis. 
particles, alpha. A particle ejected from the 
nucleus of a radio-active atom. A stream of these 
particles constitutes alpha-rays. The alpha par- 
ticle is simply the nucleus of a helium atom. Zim- 
mermann's elementary p's, small, irregular 
bodies found in the blood, apparently masses de- 
rived from the breaking down of blood-plates or 
other elements. 
particulate (par-tik'u-lat). Composed of sepa- 
rate particles. 
partigen (par'te-jen). One of the hypothetic con- 
stituents of an antigen, which is considered as a 
mixture of partigens or partial antigens. 
partinium (par-tin'e-um). An alloy of aluminum 
and tungsten. 
parturient (par-tu're-ent) [L. partu'riens]. 1. 
Giving birth. 2. Pertaining to childbirth. 
parturifacient (par"tu-re-fa'shent) [L. parturi're 
to travail + Jac'ere to cause]. 1. Inducing or 
facilitating childbirth. 2. A medicine that in- 
duces or facilitates childbirth. 
parturiometer (par"tu-re-om'et-er) [L. parturit'io 
childbirth -j- me'trum measure]. A device used 
in measuring the expulsive power of the uterus. 
parturition (pat-tu-rish'un) [L. parturit'io], The 
act or process of giving birth to a child. 
partus (par'tus) [L.]. 1. Labor; childbirth, or 
parturition. 2. The young when brought forth, 
p. agrippi'nus, breech delivery. p. caesa'- 
reus, delivery by cesarean section, p. immat- 
u'rus, premature labor, p. matu'rus, labor 
at full term. p. seroti'nus, delayed labor, p. 
sic'cus, dry labor. 
Part. vic. Abbreviation for L. par'tibus vi'cibus, in 
divided doses. 
parulis (par-u'lis) [Gr. Trapa near + ovXov gum]. 
A gum-boil; abscess of a gum. 
parumbilical (par-um-bil'ik-al). Near the navel, 
paruria (par-u're-ah) [Gr. rrapa. beside + ovpov 
urine]. Discharge of urine from an unusual part. 
parvicellular (par-vis-el'u-lar) [L. par'vus small + 
cel'lula cell]. Composed of small cells. 
parvolin (par'vo-lin). An amber-colored liquid 
ptomain, C9HJ3N, from decaying fish or horse- 
flesh. See ptomains, table of. 
parvule (par'vul) [L. par'vulus very small]. A 
very small pill, pellet, or granule. 
pasadyne (pas'ad-in). The trade name for what 
is claimed to be a preparation of passion-flower. 
Pascal's law (pas-kahlz') [Blaise Pascal, French 
scientist, 1623-1662]. See law. 
paschachurda (pas-kah-koor'dah). Same as Tash- 
kend ulcer. See under ulcer. 
paspalism (pas'pal-izm). Poisoning due to the seeds 
of a grass, Pas'palum scorbicula'tum, of India. 
passage (pas'ej) [L. passa'gium]. 1. A channel 
or meatus. 2. The act of moving from place to 
place. 3. The introduction of a catheter, probe, 
or sound. 4. An evacuation of the bowels, false 
p., a hole made in the walls of a canal, as the 
urethra, mainly by the misuse of the catheter. 
Passavant's cushion (pas'av-ans) [Gustav Passa- 
vant, German surgeon, 1815-1893]. See under 
cushion. 
Passiflora (pas-if-lo'rah) [L. pas'sio passion + flos 
flower]. A genus of twining plants of the warmer 
parts of America; passion-flower. Many species are 
actively medicinal. P. incarna'ta (may-pop), of the 
United States, is narcotic and sedative. Dose of 
fluidextract, 5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). 
passion (pash'un) [L. pas'sio suffering]. 1. Pain 
or suffering. 2. Strong emotion, ileac p. Same 
as ileus. 
passional (pash'un-al). Marked by or exhibiting 
passion, p. attitude. See attitude. 
PARTHOGENESIS 
810 
passive (pas'iv) [L. passi'vus], Neither spontane- 
ous nor active; not produced by active efforts. 
passivism (pas'iv-izm). Sexual perversion with 
subjection of the will to another's. 
passulae (pas'u-le). Latin for raisins. 
pasta (pas'tah), pl. pas'tce [L.]. Paste, 
paste (past) [L. pas'ta]. A soft, viscid substance; 
often an escharotic mixture. Abbot's p., a paste 
prepared from arsenous acid, morphin, and 
creosote: used for killing the nerve of a tooth. 
Alexander's p., a paste for treatment of burns, 
consisting of ichthyol 4 gm., olive oil 12 gm., wool- 
fat 105 gm. almond-p., a magma prepared from 
bitter almonds: used as a lip-salve and dressing for 
chapped fingers, etc. arsenical p., a caustic 
paste containing arsenic. Beck's p., a paste 
consisting of 1 part of bismuth subnitrate and 
2 parts of sterile vaselin: injected for the treat- 
ment of tuberculous cavities and chronic sinuses, 
bismuth p. See Beck's p. Bougard's p., 
a caustic cancer paste containing mercuric 
bichlorid, mercuric sulphid, zinc chlorid, ar- 
senic, starch, and flour. Bourdin's p., nitric 
acid mixed with sublimed sulphur: escharotic. 
Brooke's p., oleate of mercury, 28 parts; petro- 
latum, 14 parts; ichthyol, 1 part; starch and zinc 
oxid, each, 7 parts; salicylic acid, 1.2 parts: useful in 
skin diseases. Buckley's p., a paste containing 
trioxymethylene: used for desensitizing dentin. 
Canquoin's p., zinc chlorid mixed with flour 
and water. Delbet's p., a paste for wound dress- 
ings, consisting of tincture of iodin 6 c.c., chloroform 
6 c.c., wax 50 gm. dermatologic p., a paste 
made of starch, dextrin, zinc oxid, calcium carbon- 
ate, or sulphur, together with glycerin, petrolatum, 
or a fat, and containing some medicine, dex- 
trinated p., a preparation of equal parts of 
dextrin, glycerin, and distilled water: used as a 
vehicle for medicinal pastes. Dupuytren's p., 
a caustic paste of arsenous anhydrid, calomel, and 
gum. Esmarch's p., a caustic paste used in the 
treatment of cancerous and other growths: made 
of 1 part of arsenic, 1 of morphin sulphate, 8 of 
calomel, and 48 of acacia, flour-p., a thin mix- 
ture of flour and water: used in surgery. Frdre 
Cosme's p., a caustic paste made from 1 past 
arsenic, 5 parts mercury sulphid, and 2 parts 
burnt sponge, fruit-p., inspissated fruit-juice: 
used in pharmacy, ju jube-p., a fruit-paste origin- 
ally prepared from jujubes. Lassar's p., a dress- 
ing for erythema, intertrigo, etc.: vaselin, 6 ounces; 
zinc oxid and starch, each, 6 drams; and salicylic 
acid, 30 grains. London p., a paste containing 
quicklime and caustic soda. Marsden's p., 
a mixture of 2 parts of arsenous acid with 
1 part of gum acacia; used as an escharot- 
ic. Mayet's p., a paste made of 1 part of 
zinc oxid, 8 parts of zinc chlorid, and 7 parts of 
flour: used in cancer. Morison's p. See Mori- 
son's method, under method, phosphorus p., 
phosphorus made into a paste with flour: a rat- 
poison. Piffard's p., a paste made of 1 part of cop- 
per sulphate, 5 parts of tartrated soda, and 2 parts 
of caustic soda: used in testing the urine for sugar. 
Robinquet's p., a paste for cancer, made of 
equal parts of zinc chlorid and flour with gutta- 
percha. serum-p., a paste prepared from 
dried and sterilized blood-serum: used as a dress- 
ing for wounds. sulphuric-acid p., a mix- 
ture of sulphuric acid and powdered saffron 
in equal parts: used as a caustic. Unna's 
p., a paste made of 1 oz. of zinc oxid and 2 oz. 
each of mucilage of acacia and glycerin. It is 
applied with a brush to eczematous patches. 
Vienna p., a caustic paste of potash and lime. 
Ward's p., a confection of black pepper. 
pastern (pas'tern). The portion of a horse's foot 
occupied by the first and second phalanges, p. 
bone. See under bone. 
Pasteurella (pas-ter-el'ah) [Louis Pasteur], A genus 
of bacterial organisms, in the form of rod-shaped 
cells, Gram-negative, and showing bipolar staining. 
PASTEURELLA PASTEURELLOSIS 
811 
PATHOGRAPHY 
It includes the organism of bubonic plague and of 
the hemorrhagic septicemias of animals, organisms 
formerly included under the genus Bacillus. P. 
avisep'tica, a short non-motile, Gram-negative 
organism showing polar staining and found in the 
blood of fowls suffering from chicken cholera 
which it causes. Called also Bacillus avisepticus, 
B. of chicken cholera, B. cholera avium, B. cholera 
gallinarum, and B. gallinarum. P. bovisep'tica, 
short non-motile rods from the blood and fluids 
of animals dying of European cattle plague. P. 
chol'erae gallina'rum. See P. aviseptica. P. 
pes'tis, a short, thick, Gram-negative rod-shaped 
organism which shows polar staining and involu- 
tion forms. It is highly virulent for most labora- 
tory animals and causes bubonic plague in man. 
Called also Bacillus pestis and Yersins bacillus. 
P. suisep'tica, a small, non-motile, Gram- 
negative organism closely resembling the P. avi- 
septica. It is found in cases of swine plague and 
causes the disease. Called also Bacillus suicida 
and B. suiseplica. 
pasteurellosis (pas-ter-el-o'sis). Any one of a 
group of fatal infectious diseases of various animals, 
caused by bacteria of the hemorrhagic septicemia 
group, p. bubalo'rum. Same as barbone. 
pasteurin (pas-tu'rin). A proprietary antiseptic 
fluid mixture. 
Pasteur's fluid, liquid (pas-terz'). A bacterio- 
logic culture-fluid consisting of 100 parts of water, 
10 parts of sugar, and 1 part each of ashes of yeast 
and ammonium carbonate. 
pasteurization (pas"tur-iz-a'shun) [after Louis 
Pasteur, French chemist and biologist, 1822-1895]. 
The arrest or checking of fermentation by heating, 
usually to 6o° C., for thirty minutes. 
pasteurizer (pas'tu-ri-zer). An instrument used 
in effecting pasteurization. 
Pastia's sign (pas'te-ahz) [C. Pastia, contemporary 
Rumanian physician]. See sign. 
pastil (pas'til) [Fr. pastille]. A troche or lozenge; 
also an aromatic mass to be burnt as a fumigant. 
pastille (pas-tel'). Same as pastil. Sabou- 
raud's p's, lozenges of barium platinochlorid with 
acetate of starch and collodion: used to indicate 
by their change of color the strength of x-rays. 
pastometer (pas-tom'et-er). An instrument for 
indicating when milk that is being pasteurized has 
reached the pasteurization temperature. 
patarchur (pat-ar-choor'). An East Indian plant, 
Plectran'tus secun'dus: administered for the relief 
of strangury. 
patch (patsh) [L. pitta' cium; Gr. ttittolklov]. An 
area differing from the rest of a surface, drab- 
colored p., a peculiar spot on the liver after 
various tropical hepatic diseases. Hutchinson's 
p., a reddish or salmon-yellow patch of the cornea 
in syphilitic keratitis, mucous p., condyloma 
latum: a lesion characteristic of syphilis, opaline 
p., a mucous patch of the mouth sometimes seen 
in syphilis. Peyer's p's, whitish patches of 
lymph-follicles in the mucous and submucous 
layers of the small intestine, sahnon-p., a 
salmon-colored spot in the cornea in syphilis of 
that structure, white p., a white, opaque spot 
on the pericardium or on the capsule of the spleen, 
due to rubbing against a nodule of a rib in rachitis. 
patchouli, patchouly (pat-shoo'le). A labiate 
herb of India, Pogoste'mon patchouli: used chiefly 
in perfumery. 
patefaction (pat-e-fak'shun) [L. patefa'cere to lay 
open]. The act of laying open. 
patella (pat-el'ah) [L. " pan "]. The knee-cap, 
or knee-pan; a lens-shaped sesamoid bone situated 
in the front of the knee, in the tendon of the quadri- 
ceps extensor femoris muscle, floating p., a 
patella which is floated up from the condyles by a 
large effusion in the knee, riders' painful p., 
tenderness and pain in the patella of horseback 
riders. 
patellar (pat-el'ar) [L. patella'rius]. Of or pertain- 
ing to the patella. 
patelliform (pat-el'if-orm). Shaped like the pa- 
tella. 
patellofemoral (pa-tel"o-fem'o-ral). Pertaining 
to the patella and the femur. 
patency (pa'ten-se) [L. pa'lens open]. The condi- 
tion of being wide open. 
patent (pa'tent) [L. pa'tens]. Wide open, or 
patulous. 
path (path). The course, or set of fibers, along 
which any nervous impulse moves, whether esodic 
or exodic; particularly the intracranial or intra- 
spinal portion of such a course. 
pathema (path-e'mah), pl. pathem'ata [Gr. 7ra0»pxa 
disease]. Any diseased state or morbid condition. 
pathematology (path"e-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. Tra^jua 
disease + Xbyos treatise], i. Pathology. 2. The 
science of mental affections and of the passions. 
pathetic (path-et'ik) [L. pathet'icus; Gr. Trad^riKos]. 
Pertaining to the feelings. 
patheticus (path-et'ik-us). 1. Either nerve of the 
fourth pair. 2. The superior oblique muscle of the 
eye 
pathetism (path'et-izm) [Gr. iraO^rbs passive]. 
Hypnotism, or mesmerism. 
pathfinder (path'find-er). A device for locating 
strictures of the urethra; also dental instrument for 
tracing the course of root-canals. 
pathic (path'ik) [L. path'icus; Gr. TradiKos]. One 
who submits himself or herself to the unnatural 
sexual desires of another. 
patho-amin (path-o-am'in). An amin causing dis- 
ease, or formed as the product of a disease process; 
a ptomain. 
patho-anatomy (path"o-an-at'o-me). Pathologic 
anatomy. 
pathobiology (path"o-bi-ol'o-je). Same as path- 
ology. 
pathobolism (path-ob'o-lizm) [Gr. iradas disease + 
metabolism], A condition of perverted metabolism 
of a diseased nature. 
pathodontia (path-o-don'she-ah) [Gr. irados dis- 
ease + bbovs tooth]. The department of den- 
tistry which deals with diseases of the teeth. 
pathoformic (path-o-for'mik) [Gr. Traces disease 
+ L. for'ma form]. Pertaining to the beginning 
of disease: said of symptoms at the beginning of 
mental disorder. 
pathogen (path'o-jen) [Gr. irdOos disease + yeuvau 
to produce]. Any disease-producing microor- 
ganism or material. 
pathogenesis, pathogenesy (path-o-jen'es-is, 
path-o-jen'es-e) [Gr. iraOos disease + yeveais 
origin]. The development of morbid conditions 
or of disease, drug p., the production of symp- 
toms of disease by the use of drugs. 
pathogenic, pathogenetic (path-o-jen'ik, path"- 
o-jen-et'ik). Giving origin to disease or to morbid 
symptoms. 
pathogenicity (path-o-jen-is'it-e). The state of 
being pathogenic. 
pathogeny (path-oj'en-e). Same as pathogenesis. 
pathognomonic (patl.-og-no-mon'ik) [Gr. irados 
disease + yrw/doviKos showing]. Pointing out the 
nature of a disease or illness. 
pathognomy (path-og'no-me) [Gr. rraOos disease 
+ yvupr) opinion], 1. The science of the signs and 
symptoms of disease. 2. The recognition of the 
nature of a disease by observation of the uncon- 
scious revelation of the feelings and passions of 
the patient. 
pathognostic (path-og-nos'tik). Same as pathog- 
nomonic. 
pathography (path-og'raf-e) [Gr. TtaOos disease + 
ypaipeiv to write]. A history or description of 
disease. patholesia (path-o-le'ze-ah). A hysteric condi- 
tion. 
pathologic, pathological (path-o-loj'ik, path-o- 
loj'ik-al). Pertaining to pathology. 
pathologico-anatomic (path-o-loj"ik-o-an-at- 
om'ik). Pertaining to pathologic anatomy. 
pathologist (path-ol'o-jist). One learned or skilled 
in pathology. 
pathology (path-ol'o-je) [Gr. iraOos disease + Xbyos 
discourse]. That branch of medicine which treats 
of the essential nature of disease, especially of the 
structural and functional changes caused by dis- 
ease. cellular p., that which regards the cells as 
starting-points of the phenomena of disease and 
that every cell descends from some pre-existing 
cell (Virchow), comparative p., that which 
institutes comparisons between various diseases 
of the human body and those of the lower ani- 
mals. dental p., the sum of knowledge re- 
garding diseases of the teeth, exotic p., a sys- 
tem of pathology foreign to the country or school 
in which it has found a lodgment, experi- 
mental p., the study of artificially induced 
disease processes, functional p., the study of 
the changes of function due to morbid tissue 
changes. general p., that which takes cog- 
nizance of pathologic conditions which may 
occur in various diseases and in different organs, 
geographic p., pathology in its geographic and 
climatic relations, humoral p., the opinion 
that disease is due to abnormal conditions of the 
fluids of the body, medical p., internal p., 
that which relates to morbid processes which are 
not. accessible to operative interference, solid- 
istic p., that opinion which attributes disease to 
rarefaction or condensation of the solid tissues, 
special p., the study of the pathology of par- 
ticular diseases or organs, surgical p., exter- 
nal p., the study of the pathology of such dis- 
eases as are accessible to operative interference, 
vegetable p., the pathology of plant diseases. 
patholysis (path-ol'is-is) [Gr. iraOos disease + 
Xvvcs dissolution]. The dissolution of disease. 
pathomain (path'o-man). Any one of the path- 
ogenic cadaveric alkaloids. 
pathomania (path-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. TraOos disease 
+ pavia madness]. Moral insanity. 
pathometabolism (path"o-met-ab'o-lizm) [Gr. 
iraOos disease + metabolism]. Metabolism in dis- 
ease. 
pathometry (path-om'et-re) [Gr. iraOos disease + 
peTpeiv to measure]. Sir Ronald Ross's term for 
the quantitative study of parasitic invasion and 
infection in individuals or groups of individuals. 
pathomimecry (path"o-mim'ek-re). Pathomim- 
esis. 
pathomimesis (path"o-mim-e'sis) [Gr. iraOos dis- 
ease + plpriacs mimicry]. The imitation or 
feigning of disease. 
pathomorphism (path-o-mor'fizm). Perverted or 
abnormal morphology. 
pathonomia, pathonomy (path-o-no'me-ah, 
path-on'o-me) [Gr. iraOos disease + vbpos law]. 
The sum of knowledge regarding the laws of dis- 
ease. 
pathophilia (path-o-fil'e-ah) [Gr. iraOos disease + 
<piXeiv to love]. The condition in which a patient 
adapts himself and his mode of life to some chronic 
affection. 
pathophobia (path-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. iraOos disease 
+ polios fear]. Morbid dread of disease. 
pathophoresis (path"o-fo-re'sis) [Gr. iraOos dis- 
ease + <p6pos bearing]. The transmission of 
disease. 
pathophoric (path-o-for'ik). Pathophorous. 
pathophorous (path-of'o-rus). Conveying or 
trans, fitting disease. 
pathopoiesis (path"o-poi-e'sis) [Gr. iraOos disease 
+ iroieiv to make]. 1. The causation of disease. 
PATHOLESIA 
812 
PAWPAW 
2. The tendency of the individual to become dis- 
eased. 
pathopsychology (path"o-si-kol'o-je) [Gr. iraOos 
disease + psychology]. The psychology of mental 
disease; pathologic psychology. 
pathoradiography (path"o-ra-de-og'raf-e). Path- 
oroentgenography. 
pathoroentgenography (path"o-rent-gen-og'raf- 
e). The study of pathologic lesions by the roent- 
genogram. 
patient (pa'shent) [L. pa'liens], A person who is 
ill or who is undergoing treatment for disease. 
Patrick's test (pat'riks) [Hugh Talbot Patrick, 
neurologist in Chicago, born i860]. See under tests. 
patroclinous (pat-ro-kli'nus) [Gr. irarrip father 
+ KXlvecv to incline]. Inheriting or inherited from 
the father. Cf. matroclinous. 
patten (pat'n). A metallic support to be worn 
under the sound foot in hip-joint disease. 
pattern (pat'ern). A design or arrangement of 
figures, action p., Crile's term for the con- 
genital or acquired manner in which certain stimuli 
produce certain actio.ns in individuals. 
patulous (pat'u-lus) [L. pat'ulus]. Spreading 
somewhat widely apart. 
paucin (paw'sin). A yellow, flaky alkaloid from 
the pauco-nut, the fruit of Pentacle'thra macro- 
phyl'la, an African plant. 
Paullinia (pawl-in'e-ah) [L., after C. F. Paullini, 
1643-1712]. A genus of sapindaceous plants 
of tropical America. P. soPbilis affords guarana 
(q. v.). P. pinna'ta, of Brazil, is used homeopath- 
ically. 
paulocardia (paw-lo-kar'de-ah) [Gr. iravXa pause 
+ Kapbta heart]. 1. Abnormal slowness of the 
heart-beat. 2. The subjective sensation of inter- 
mission or stopping of the heart. 
Paul of JEgina, Paulus TEgineta (ej-in-e'tah). 
A celebrated Greek medical writer who practised 
in Alexandria during the first half of the seventh 
century, and was distinguished as surgeon and 
obstetrician. Of his many works, only one has sur- 
vived, a compendium of medicine in seven books. 
Paul's sign (pawlz) [Constantin Charles Theodore 
Paul, French physician, 1833-1896]. See sign. 
paunch (pawntsh). See rumen. 
pause, compensatory (pawz). The prolonged 
pause following an extrasystole which compensates 
for the extra beat, so that the total rate of the 
beat remains constant. 
pausimenia (paw-se-me'ne-ah) [Gr. iravais pause 
+ prjv month]. Menopause. 
Pauzat's disease (po-zahz') [Jean Eugene Pauzat, 
French physician]. Osteoplastic periostitis of 
the metatarsus. 
pavement epithelium (pav'ment). See epithe- 
lium. 
pavilion (pav-il'yun) [L. papil'io butterfly, tent]. 
A dilated or flaring expansion at the end of a 
passage, p. of the ear, the auricle, p. of the 
oviduct, its outer, or fimbriated, end. p. of the 
pelvis, its upper, flaring portion. 
Pavloff, Pavlov. See Pawlow. 
pavon (pa'von). A proprietary opium preparation 
representing the total alkaloids of the drug. 
pavor nocturnus (pa'vor nok-tur'nus) [L.]. Night- 
terrors: a kind of nightmare of children. 
Pavy's disease, solution (pa'vez) [Frederick 
William Pavy, English physician, 1829-1911]. See 
disease and solution. 
Pawlik's triangle (pahv'liks) [Karel J. Pawlik, 
gynecologist in Prague, 1849-1914]. See triangle. 
Pawlow's method, stomach (pahv'lof) [Ivan 
Petrovich Pawlow, Russian physiologist, born 
1849]. See method and stomach. 
pawpaw (paw'paw). 1. Same as papaw. 2. The 
shrub Asim'ina tri'loba, of North America, and 
its fruit. PAXINE 
813 
PECTOSINASE 
paxine (paks'in). A proprietary vermifuge and sed- 
ative for infants. Dose, 10-60 min. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
Paxton's disease (paks'tonz). See disease. 
Payr's method (pTrz) [Erwin Payr, German sur- 
geon, born 1871]. See under method. 
paytamin (pa'tam-in). An alkaloid, C2iH24ONa, 
from payta bark. 
pay tin (pa'tin). An alkaloid, C21H24O2N2, from 
payta bark. 
P. B. Abbreviation for Pharmacopoeia Britannica, 
British pharmacopeia. 
Pb. The symbol for lead [L. plum'bum]. 
PbfCoHjOj^. Lead acetate. 
PbCO3. Lead carbonate. 
PbCrO4. Lead chromate. 
P. B.-E. Abbreviation for German Perlsucht Bacil- 
len-emulsion, a form of tuberculin prepared from a 
culture of bacilli of bovine tuberculosis. 
Pbl2. Lead iodid. 
Pb(NO3)2. Lead nitrate. 
PbO. Lead monoxid. 
PbO2. Lead dioxid. 
PbS. Lead sulphid. 
PbSO4. Lead sulphate. 
P. C. Abbreviation for L. pon'dus civi'le, avoirdu- 
pois weight. 
P. C. Abbreviation for L. post ci'bum, after food. 
Pc. Abbreviation for convergence near-point. 
P. Cc. Abbreviation for periscopic concave. 
P. 0. M. O. Abbreviation of Principal Colonial 
Medical Officer. 
P. Cx. Abbreviation for periscobic convex. 
P. D. Abbreviation for potential difference and inter- 
pupillary distance. 
Pd. The chemic symbol for palladium. 
p.-d. An abbreviation for prism-diopter. 
peach-fever (pech). See fever. 
Pean's operation, position (pa-az') [Jules Pean, 
French surgeon, 1830-1898]. See operation and 
position. 
peanut (pe'nut). The edible fruit of Ar'achis hypo- 
gee'a, a leguminous plant cultivated in warm and 
hot regions. Its fixed oil is a substitute for olive 
oil. 
pearl (perl) 1. A small calcareous concretion from 
various species of mollusks, formerly regarded as 
having sovereign curative powers. 2. A small 
medicated granule; also a glass globule with a 
single dose of volatile medicine. 3. Any one of the 
rounded masses of tough sputum seen in the early 
stages of an attack of bronchial asthma, epider- 
mic p's, epithelial p's, rounded concentric 
masses of epithelial cells found in certain papillo- 
mata and epitheliomata. Called also pearly bodies. 
Epstein's p's, small, whitish-yellow masses on 
either side of the raphe of the hard palate of the 
new-born, gouty p., a sodium urate concretion 
on the cartilage of the ear in gouty persons. 
Laennec's p's, soft casts of the smaller bronchial 
tubes expectorated in bronchial asthma. 
pearlash (perl'ash). Impure potassium carbonate 
in crystals. 
pearl-disease. Tuberculosis of the peritoneum 
and mesentery of cattle. 
Pearson's solution [George Pearson, English 
physician, 1751-1828]. See solution. 
peat (pet). Carbonized vegetable matter found in 
bogs: used in peat-baths. 
pebble (peb'l). A kind of rock crystal from which 
lenses are sometimes cut. 
pebeco (peb'ek-o). A proprietary tooth-paste con- 
taining chlorate of potash. 
pebrine (peb-ren') [Fr.]. An infectious disease of 
silkworms caused by Nosema bombycis. 
peccant (pek'ant) [L. pec'cans sinning]. Un- 
healthy; causing illness or disease. 
peciloblast, poeciloblast (pe-sil'o-blast) [Gr. 
iroudXos mottled + fiXaerrbs germ], A deformed 
or malformed red blood-corpuscle. 
pecilocyte (pes'il-o-sit) [Gr. TrocniXos spotted + 
kvtos cell]. Same as peciloblast. 
pecilocythemia (pes-il"o-si-the'me-ah) [pecilocyte 
+ Gr. aqua blood]. The presence of pecilocytes 
in the blood. 
pecilocytosis (pes"il-o-si-to'sis). Same as pecilo- 
cythemia. 
pecilonymy (pes-il-on'i-me). See poikilonymy. 
pecilothermal, pecilothermic, pecilother- 
mous (pes"il-o-ther'mal, -mik, -mus). See poikilo- 
thermal. 
pecilothermism (pe-sil-o-ther'mizm). The qual- 
ity of being poikilothermal. 
Pecquet, cistern of, reservoir of (pek-a') 
[Jean Pecquet, French anatomist, 1622-1674]. The 
receptaculum chyli. 
pectase (pek'tas). A nitrogenous ferment asso- 
ciated with pectose in fruits; it coagulates various 
pectins. 
pecten (pek'ten) [L. for comb]. The os pubis, p. 
os'sis pu'bis [BNA], p. pu'bis, the pectineal 
line. p. scle'rse, the crust-like edge of the sclera 
around the entrance of the optic nerve. Called also 
scleral rim. 
pectenin (pek'ten-in). A poisonous alkaloidal 
compound from a Mexican cactus, Ce'reus pec'ten. 
pectic acid (pek'tik). See acid. 
pectin (pek'tin) [Gr. TnjKrbs congealed], A poly- 
saccharid from fruits and plants, the base of vege- 
table jelly. It is formed by the transformation of 
the pectose of unripe fruit, and is of a somewhat 
various character in diSerent fruits and plants. 
pectinase (pek'tin-as). A ferment, derivable from 
most plants, which coagulates all the pectins, 
and liquefies pectins which have been coagulated 
by pectase. 
pectinate (pek'tin-at) [L. pec'ten comb]. Shaped 
like a comb. 
pectineal (pek-tin'e-al) [L. pec'ten comb, pubes]. 
Pertaining to the os pubis. 
pectineus (pek-tin'e-us) [L.]. See muscles, table of. 
pectiniform (pek-tin'if-orm) [L. pec'ten comb 4- 
for'ma form]. Comb-shaped. 
pectization (pek-tiz-a'shun) [Gr. tttjktckos curd- 
ling]. Coagulation or gelatinization; a term used in 
colloidal chemistry. 
pectoral (pek'to-ral) [L. pectora'lis]. 1. Pertaining 
to the breast or chest; 2. Serviceable in diseases 
of the chest; bechic. 
pectoralgia (pek-to-ral'je-ah) [L. pec'ius breast + 
Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain in the breast. 
pectoralis (pek-to-ra'lis) [L.]. See muscles, table of. 
pectoriloquy (pek-to-ril'o-kwe) [L. pec'tus breast 
+ lo'qui to speak]. Transmission of the sound of 
spoken words through the chest-wall. It is in- 
dicative of excavation of the lung when heard 
alone: if it is combined with bronchophony, it 
indicates consolidation of the lung, aphonic 
p., the sound of the whispered voice transmitted 
through a serous, but not through a purulent, 
exudate within the pleura; Baccelli's sign, whis- 
pering p., the transmission of the sound of whis- 
pered words through the walls of the chest. 
pectorin (pek'to-rin). A proprietary remedy for 
pulmonary tuberculosis. 
pectorophony (pek-to-rof'o-ne) [L. pec'tus breast 
+ Gr. <pwq voice]. Exaggeration of the vocal 
resonance heard on auscultation. 
pectose (pek'tos). A principle in unripe fruits and 
plants from which pectin is derived. 
pectosinase (pek-to'sin-as). A ferment which 
changes pectose into pectin and pectin into various 
fermentable sugars. PECTOUS 
814 
PEDOLOGY 
pectous (pek'tus). Pertaining to, composed of, or 
resembling pectin; having a firm jelly-like con- 
sistence. 
pectunculus (pek-tung'ku-lus) [L. dim. of pec'ten 
comb]. Any one of the series of small longitu- 
dinal ridges on the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
pectus (pek'tus) [L.]. The breast: the chest or 
thorax, p. carina'tum [L. "keeled breast"], 
chicken-breast; pigeon-breast; undue prominence 
of the sternum, p. excava'tum, funnel-breast. 
pedal (pe'dal) [L. peda'lis; pes foot]. Pertaining to 
the foot or feet, or to a pes. 
pedarthrocace (pe-dar-throk'as-e) [Gr. irais child 
+ arthrocace]. Caries of the joints in children. 
pedatrophia, pedatrophy (pe-dat-ro'fe-ah, pe- 
dat'ro-fe) [Gr. nais child 4- atrophia or atrophy]. 
1. An atrophic or wasting disorder of children. 2. 
Tabes mesenterica. 
pederast (ped'er-ast). One who practises peder- 
asty. 
pederasty (ped'er-as-te) [Gr. nais boy + kpaarqs 
lover]. Sexual intercourse with boys by the 
anus. 
pedesis (pe-de'sis) [Gr. irqb-qais leaping]. The 
quick darting movement of fine particles of solid 
matter in a limpid liquid; brownian movement. 
pediadontia (pe-de-ad-on'she-ah). Same as pe- 
dodontia. 
pediadontist (pe"de-ad-on'tist). Same as pe- 
dodontist. 
pediadontology (pe"de-ad-on-tol'o-je). Same as 
pedodontia. 
pedialgia (pe-de-al'je-ah) [Gr. irebtov foot + aXyos 
pain]. Neuralgic pain in the foot. 
pediatric (pe-de-at'rik). Pertaining to diseases of 
children. 
pediatrician (ped-e-at-rish'un). Same as pediatrist. 
pediatrics (pe-de-at'riks) [Gr. ?rais child 4- larpeia 
cure]. That branch of medicine which treats of 
the diseases of children and their treatment. 
pediatrist (ped-e-at'rist). A specialist in the 
treatment of children's diseases. 
pediatry (pe'de-at-re). Same as pediatrics. 
pedicellate, pedicellated (ped-is'il-at, ped'is-il- 
a-ted). Same as pediculate. 
pedicellation (ped-is-el-a'shun). The develop- 
ment of a pedicle. 
pedicle (ped'ik-el) [L. pedic'ulus]. 1. The stem of 
a tumor or of a flap. 2. The process which con- 
nects the lamina of a vertebra with the centrum. 
pedicled (ped'ik-ld). Having a pedicle. 
pedicterus, paedicterus (pe-dik'ter-us) [Gr. irais 
Child fl- iKrepos jaundice]. Jaundice of new-born 
infants; icterus neonatorum. 
pedicular (pe-dik'u-lar) [L. pedicula'ris]. Pertain- 
ing to or caused by lice. 
pediculate (pe-dik'u-lat) [L. pedicula'tus]. Pro- 
vided with a pedicle. 
pediculation (pe-dik-u-la'shun) [L. pedicula'tio]. 
1. Infestation with lice. 2. The process of forming 
a pedicle. 
pediculicide (pe-dik'u-lis-id) [L. pedic'uli lice 4- 
cadere to kill]. Destroying lice. 
pediculin (pe-dik'u-lin). A proprietary remedy 
for lice; crude naphthalin (35 per cent.) and chalk 
(65 per cent.). 
pediculofrontal (pe-dik"u-lo-fron'tal). Pertain- 
ing to the pedicles of the frontal convolutions. 
Pediculoi'des ventrico'sus. A small mite of the 
family Tarsonemidse, found in the straw of various 
cereals and producing a peculiar urticaroid der- 
matitis known as straw-mattress dermatitis and 
grain itch. See straw itch, under itch. 
pediculoparietal (pe-dik"u-lo-pa-ri'et-al). Per- 
taining to the pedicles of the cerebral convolu- 
tions and to the parietal region. 
pediculophobia (pe-dik"u-lo-fo'be-ah) [L. pedic'- 
ulus louse + Gr. <pb(los fear]. Morbid dread of 
infestation with lice. 
pediculosis (pe-dik-u-lo'sis) [L. pedic'ulus louse]. 
Lousiness; a skin disease produced by lice. p. 
capillit'ii, p. cap'itis, lousiness of the hair of 
the head. p. cor'poris, the presence of lice on 
the body or in the clothing, p. inguina'lis, p. 
pu'bis, the presence of crab-lice in the pubic 
hairs, p. palpebra'rum, the presence of crab- 
lice in the eyelashes, p. vestimen'ti, p. vesti- 
mento'rum. Same as p. corporis. 
pediculous (pe-dik'u-lus). Infested with lice. 
pediculus (pe-dik'u-lus), pl. pedic'uli. i. Latin 
for louse. 2. Latin for pedicle. 3. A genus of the 
Hemiptera. P. cap'itis, the head-louse. P. 
cor'poris, P. vestimen'ti, the cootie or body 
louse. It transmits typhus fever and perhaps re- 
lapsing fever. An older name was grayback. P. 
huma'nus, a term that includes both the head 
and the body lice. P. (or Phthir'ius) inguina'- 
lis, the crab-louse. P. pu'bis, the crab-louse, 
which infests the hairy parts in the genital region. 
See Phthirius pubis. 
pedicure (ped'ik-ur) [L. pes foot 4- cu'ra care]. A 
chiropodist, or corn-doctor. 
pediluvium (ped-il-u've-um) [L. pes foot + lu'ere 
to wash]. A foot-bath. 
Pediococcus (ped"e-o-kok'kus) [Gr. irebiov instep 
+ kokkos berry]. A genus of bacteria. P. ac'idi 
lac'tici, a species found in malt-mash and hay- 
decoction and generating lactic acid. P. al'bus, 
a non-pathogenic species found in spring-water. 
P. auranti'acus, a species found in water and 
in garden-soil, and forming an orange-yellow pig- 
ment. P. cerevis'ise, a species found in beer, 
generating traces of lactic acid. P. maggio'rae 
is found in the skin of the foot and in the nasal 
passages: it is not known to be pathogenic. 
pediodontia (pe"de-o-don'she-ah). Same as pe- 
dodontia. 
pedionalgia (pe-de-o-nal'je-ah) [Gr. nebtov sole 
+ aXyos pain]. Pain in the sole of the foot. 
pediophobia, psediophobia (pe-de-o-fo'be-ah) 
[Gr. Tratblov child 4- <p6^os fear]. Morbid dread 
of children or dolls. 
pediphalanx (ped-if-a'lanks) [L. pes foot + phal- 
anx]. A phalanx of the foot. Cf. maniphalanx. 
pedistibulum (ped-is-tib'u-lum) [L.]. The stapes, 
peditis (pe-di'tis) [L. pes foot + -itis]. Inflamma- 
tion of the pedal bone of the horse. 
pedobaromacrometer (pe"do-bar"o-mak-rom'- 
et-er) [Gr. irais boy + fiapos weight + paKpos long 
+ p'erpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
and weighing infants. 
pedobarometer (pe"do-bar-om'et-er) [Gr. vrais 
child + ^apos weight + perpov measure]. An 
instrument for weighing infants. 
pedodontia (pe-do-don'she-ah) [Gr. irais child + 
bbovs tooth]. The department of dentistry which 
deals with the teeth and mouth conditions of chil- 
dren. 
pedodontics (pe-do-don'tiks). Same as pedodontia. 
pedodontist (pe-do-don'tist). A dentist who spe- 
cializes in pedodontia. 
pedodynamometer (pe"do-di-nam-om'et-er) [L. 
pes foot + dynamometer]. An instrument for 
measuring the strength of a leg. 
pedogamy (pe-doj'am-e) [Gr. sr a is child 4- yapos 
marriage]. Fertilization by the union of separate 
cells having the same chromatin ancestry: called 
also endogamy. 
pedograph (ped'o-graf) [L. pes foot + Gr. ypaipeiv 
to write]. An imprint on paper of the weight-bear- 
ing surface of the foot, surrounded by a pencil- 
marked contour of the upper foot. 
pedologist (pe-dol'o-gist). A specialist in pedology, 
pedology, paidology (pe-dol'o-je, pi-do/o-je) [Gr. PEDOMETER 
815 
Trais child + \byos treatise]. The systematic study 
of the life and development of children. 
pedometer (pe-dom'et-er) [Gr. Trais child + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring infants. 
pedomorphism (pe-do-mor'fizm) [Gr. ?rais child + 
popip-q form]. The retention of infantile characters 
in the adult organism. 
pedonosology (pe"do-nos-ol'o-je) [Gr. Trais child 
+ vbaos disease + Xoyos treatise]. Pediatrics. 
pedontia (pe-don'she-ah). Pedodontia. 
pedontology (pe-don-tol'o-je). Pedodontia. 
pedophilia (pe-do-fil'e-ah) [Gr. trais child 4- <pCKe1v 
to love]. The condition of being fond of children. 
pedophilic (pe-do-fil'ik). Fond of children. 
peduncle (pe'dung-kl) [L. pedun' cuius]. A stem or 
supporting part, callosal p's, bands which go 
on either side from under the callosum to the 
fissure of Sylvius, cerebellar p's, one of the 
fibrous bands by which the cerebellum is attached 
to the brain-stem. There are three peduncles on 
each side: the superior p., or brachium conjunc- 
tivum; the middle p., or brachium pontis; the 
inferior p., or corpus restiforme. cerebral 
p's, the crura cerebri, olfactory p., the con- 
stricted portion of the brain which bears the 
olfactory lobe, pineal p., a slender band going 
forward on either side from the pineal body, 
thalamic p., any one of several bundles of fibers 
extending from the thalamus to every part of the 
cerebral cortex. 
peduncular (pe-dung'ku-lar). Pertaining to a pe- 
duncle. 
pedunculate, pedunculated (pe-dung'ku-lat, 
pe-dung'ku-la-tcd). Provided with a peduncle. 
pedunculus (pe-dunk'u-lus). See peduncle, p. 
cer'ebri [B N A], a crus cerebri, p. cor'poris 
pinea'lis, the peduncle of the pineal body. p. 
floc'culi [B N A], the lateral expansion of the 
posterior medullary velum toward the flocculus. 
peenash (pe'nash) [India]. Rhinitis due to the 
presence of insect larvae in the nose. 
pegamoid (peg'am-oid). A collodion preparation: 
used in treating textile fabrics. 
pegnin (peg'nin). A proprietary preparation for 
coagulating the casein of milk preparatory to in- 
fant-feeding (Dungern). 
peinotherapy (pi-no-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Tretra hunger 
+ Gepatreia cure]. Hunger cure or starvation cure; 
severe fasting as a means of cure. 
pelada (pe-la'dah) [Fr. pelade]. Alopecia areata. 
pelage (pe'lej) [Fr.]. The hairs of the body, limbs, 
and head collectively. 
pelagia (pe-la'je-ah) [L.]. An erysipelatous disease 
of the hands or face. 
pelagin (pel'aj-in). A proprietary cure for sea- 
sickness; a solution of ether, cocain, antipyrin, 
and caffein. 
Pel'amis bico'lor. A poisonous sea snake of the 
Indian ocean. 
Pel-Ebstein disease (pel-ab'stin) [Pieter Kluzes 
Pel, Dutch physician, born 1852; Wilhelm Ebstein, 
German physician, 1836-1912]. See under disease. 
pelicology (pel-ik-ol'o-ge) [Gr. ireXlua pelvis + 
\byos treatise]. The study of the pelvis. 
pelicometer (pel-ik-om'et-er) [Gr. treXlua pelvis + 
perpov measure]. Same as pelvimeter. 
pelidisi (pel-id-e'se) [Term coined from L. pondus 
decies linearis divisus sidentis (altitudo) meaning 
weight ten line divided sitting height]. The unit 
of Pirquet's index for determining the nutritive 
condition of children. It is obtained by dividing 
the cube root of ten times the weight (in grams) 
by the sitting height (in centimeters). A pelidisi of 
94 or less indicates undernutrition; of 95-100, good 
nutrition, and of 101 or above, ovemutrition. 
pelidnoma (pel-id-no'mah) [Gr. treXlbvwpa; treXios 
livid]. A livid spot or patch on the skin. 
pelioma (pe-le-o'mah). 1. A livid spot. 2. Pelio- 
sis. p. typho'sum, a state marked by livid 
spots on the extremities. 
peliosis (pel-e-o'sis) [Gr. vreXios livid]. Same as 
purpura, p. rheumat'ica. See purpura rheu- 
matica. 
pellagra (pel'ag-rah, pel-a'grah) [L. pel'lis skin 
+ Gr. ay pa seizure]. An endemic skin and spinal 
disease of southern Europe (Casal, 1735; Frapolli, 
1771), occurring frequently also in the southern and 
central parts of the United States. Various theories 
as to its etiology have been advanced: 1, The ze- 
istic theory, i. e., the disease is due to an excessive 
maize diet or to the eating of spoiled maize; 2, 
that it is an infectious disease caused by an organ- 
ism that has not as yet been isolated; 3, that it is a 
deficiency disease dependent upon the absence of 
proper vitamin from the food; 4, that it is due to 
absorption of toxic products formed in the in- 
testinal tract as a result of an improperly balanced 
diet. It is marked by a recurring erythema 
of the surface of the body, which is followed by 
exfoliation of the epidermis. There are weakness 
and debility, digestive disturbance, spinal pain, 
convulsions, melancholia, and idiocy. It is called 
also Italian leprosy, Lombardy leprosy, p. sine 
pellagra, pellagra in which the characteristic 
eruption is not present, typhoid p., pellagra 
characterized by continued high temperature. 
pellagragenic (pel-ag-rah-jen'ik). Causing pel- 
lagra. 
pellagral (pel-ag'ral). Pertaining to pellagra. 
pellagraphobia (pel-ag-rah-fo'be-ah). An insane 
or unreasonable dread of pellagra. 
pellagrazein, pellagrocein (pel-ah-gra'ze-in,. 
pel-ah-gro'se-in). Poisonous ptomains from dam- 
aged maize, regarded as the probable cause of 
pellagra. 
pellagrin (pel-ah'grin). A person affected with pel- 
lagra. 
pellagrologist (pel-ag-rol'o-jist). One who makes, 
a special study of pellagra. 
pellagrology (pel-ag-rol'o-je). The study of 
pellagra. 
pellagrosarium (pel-ag-ro-sa're-um). A hospital 
for patients affected with pellagra. 
pellagrose, pellagrous (pel-ag'ros, -ah'grus). 
Affected with pellagra; of the nature ot pOlagra. 
pellant (pel'ant) [L. pella're to drive]. Depura- 
tive. 
pellate (pel'at). To repel or tend to separate, 
pellet (pel'et). A small pill or granule. 
pelletierin (pel-et-i'e-rin) [from Pelletier, a French 
chemist and manufacturer], A liquid alkaloid, 
CvH15NO2, from the root-bark of pomegranate. 
It is employed as a teniacide. Dose, 10-20 gr. 
(0.666-1.5 gm.); of sulphate, 3-6 gr. (o.2-0.4 gm.), 
p. hydrobromid, a brownish liquid: used in 
paralysis of the eye muscles. Dose, 4-8 min. 
(0.25-0.5 c.c.). p. hydrochlorid, a teniafuge. 
Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.3-0.5 gm.), p. sulphate, a 
syrupy liquid, a mixture of the sulphates of pelle- 
tierin and isopelletierin: a teniacide. Doser 
4-6 gr. (0.20-0.4 gm.). p. tannate, a taste- 
less, hygroscopic powder, soluble in 700 parts of 
water and in 80 parts of alcohol: used as a tenia- 
cide. Dose, 8-24 gr. (0.5-1.5 gm.), followed by a 
purgative. 
pellicle (pel'ik-1) [L. pellic'ula]. A thin skin or 
film; also a thin scum on the surface of a liquid. 
pellicular, pelliculous (pel-ik'u-lar, pel-ik'ul-us). 
Characterized by a pellicle. 
pellidol (pel'id-ol). A proprietary name for di- 
acetylamidoazotoluene, a reddish-yellow powder: 
used to promote epithelial formation. 
pellitory (pel'it-o-re). Any plant of the genera 
Pyre'thrum and Parieta'ria. 
pellote (payo'tah). A narcotic preparation made 
by the natives of South America from Anhalo'nium 
lewin'ii. 
PELLOTE pectOUS (pek'tus). Pertaining to, composed of, or 
resembling pectin; having a firm jelly-like con- 
sistence. 
pectunculus (pek-tung'ku-lus) [L. dim. of pec'ten 
comb]. Any one of the series of small longitu- 
dinal ridges on the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
pectus (pek'tus) [L.]. The breast: the chest or 
thorax, p. carina'tum [L. "keeled breast"], 
chicken-breast; pigeon-breast; undue prominence 
of the sternum, p. excava'tum, funnel-breast. 
pedal (pe'dal) [L. peda'lis; pes foot]. Pertaining to 
the foot or feet, or to a pes. 
pedarthrocace (pe-dar-throk'as-e) [Gr. irais child 
+ arthrocace]. Caries of the joints in children. 
pedatrophia, pedatrophy (pe-dat-ro'fe-ah, pe- 
dat'ro-fe) [Gr. irais child + atrophia or atrophy]. 
1. An atrophic or wasting disorder of children. 2. 
Tabes mesenterica. 
pederast (ped'er-ast). One who practises peder- 
asty. 
pederasty (ped'er-as-te) [Gr. ttcus boy + epaarys 
lover]. Sexual intercourse with boys by the 
anus. 
pedesis (pe-de'sis) [Gr. strjbsjais leaping]. The 
quick darting movement of fine particles of solid 
matter in a limpid liquid; brownian movement. 
pediadontia (pe-de-ad-on'she-ah). Same as pe- 
dodontia. 
pediadontist (pe"de-ad-on'tist). Same as pe- 
dodontist. 
pediadontology (pe"de-ad-on-tol'o-je). Same as 
pedodontia. 
pedialgia (pe-de-al'je-ah) [Gr. steblov foot -|- aXyos 
pain]. Neuralgic pain in the foot. 
pediatric (pe-de-at'rik). Pertaining to diseases of 
children. 
pediatrician (ped-e-at-rish'un). Same as pediatrist. 
pediatrics (pe-de-at'riks) [Gr. stats child + larpda 
cure]. That branch of medicine which treats of 
the diseases of children and their treatment. 
pediatrist (ped-e-at'rist). A specialist in the 
treatment of children's diseases. 
pediatry (pe'de-at-re). Same as pediatrics. 
pedicellate, pedicellated (ped-is'il-at, ped'is-il- 
a-ted). Same as pediculate. 
pedicellation (ped-is-el-a'shun). The develop- 
ment of a pedicle. 
pedicle (ped'ik-el) [L. pedic'ulus]. 1. The stem of 
a tumor or of a flap. 2. The process which con- 
nects the lamina of a vertebra with the centrum. 
pedicled (ped'ik-ld). Having a pedicle. 
pedicterus, paedicterus (pe-dik'ter-us) [Gr. ttcus 
Child fl- iKrepos jaundice]. Jaundice of new-born 
infants; icterus neonatorum. 
pedicular (pe-dik'u-lar) [L. pedicula'ris]. Pertain- 
ing to or caused by lice. 
pediculate (pe-dik'u-lat) [L. pedicula'tus], Pro- 
vided with a pedicle. 
pediculation (pe-dik-u-la'shun) [L. pedicula'tio]. 
1. Infestation with lice. 2. The process of forming 
a pedicle. 
pediculicide (pe-dik'u-lis-id) [L. pedic'uli lice + 
ccedere to kill]. Destroying lice. 
pediculin (pe-dik'u-lin). A proprietary remedy 
for lice; crude naphthalin (35 per cent.) and chalk 
(65 per cent.). 
pediculofrontal (pe-dik"u-lo-fron'tal). Pertain- 
ing to the pedicles of the frontal convolutions. 
Pediculoi'des ventrico'sus. A small mite of the 
family Tarsonemidae, found in the straw of various 
cereals and producing a peculiar urticaroid der- 
matitis known as straw-mattress dermatitis and 
grain itch. See straw itch, under itch. 
pediculoparietal (pe-dik"u-lo-pa-ri'et-al). Per- 
taining to the pedicles of the cerebral convolu- 
tions and to the parietal region. 
PECTOUS 
816 
pediculophobia (pe-dik"u-lo-fo'be-ah) [L. pedic'- 
ulus louse + Gr. <p6/3os fear]. Morbid dread of 
infestation with lice. 
pediculosis (pe-dik-u-Io'sis) [L. pedidulus louse]. 
Lousiness; a skin disease produced by lice. p. 
capillit'ii, p. cap'itis, lousiness of the hair of 
the head. p. cor'poris, the presence of lice on 
the body or in the clothing, p. inguina'lis, p. 
pu'bis, the presence of crab-lice in the pubic 
hairs, p. palpebrarum, the presence of crab- 
lice in the eyelashes, p. vestimen'ti, p. vesti- 
mento'rum. Same as p. corporis. 
pediculous (pe-dik'u-lus). Infested with lice. 
pediculus (pe-dik'u-lus), pl. pedic'uli. i. Latin 
for louse. 2. Latin for pedicle. 3. A genus of the 
Hemiptera. P. cap'itis, the head-louse. P. 
cor'poris, P. vestimen'ti, the cootie or body 
louse. It transmits typhus fever and perhaps re- 
lapsing fever. An older name was grayback. P. 
huma'nus, a term that includes both the head 
and the body lice. P. (or Phthir'ius) inguina'- 
lis, the crab-louse. P. pu'bis, the crab-louse, 
which infests the hairy parts in the genital region. 
See Phthirius pubis. 
pedicure (ped'ik-ur) [L. pes foot + cu'ra care]. A 
chiropodist, or corn-doctor. 
pediluvium (ped-il-u've-um) [L. pes foot + lu'ere 
to wash]. A foot-bath. 
Pediococcus (ped"e-o-kok'kus) [Gr. srebtov instep 
+ kokkos berry]. A genus of bacteria. P. ac'idi 
lac'tici, a species found in malt-mash and hay- 
decoction and generating lactic acid. P. al'bus, 
a non-pathogenic species found in spring-water. 
P. auranti'acus, a species found in water and 
in garden-soil, and forming an orange-yellow pig- 
ment. P. cerevis'i®, a species found in beer, 
generating traces of lactic acid. P. maggio'rae 
is found in the skin of the foot and in the nasal 
passages: it is not known to be pathogenic. 
pediodontia (pe"de-o-don'she-ah). Same as pe- 
dodontia. 
pedionalgia (pe-de-o-nal'je-ah) [Gr. srebiov sole 
+ aXyos pain]. Pain in the sole of the foot. 
pediophobia, psediophobia (pe-de-o-fo'be-ah) 
[Gr. sraibiov child + ipofios fear]. Morbid dread 
of children or dolls. 
pediphalanx (ped-if-a'lanks) [L. pes foot + phal- 
anx]. A phalanx of the foot. Cf. maniphalanx. 
pedistibulum (ped-is-tib'u-lum) [L.]. The stapes, 
peditis (pe-di'tis) [L. pes foot + -Uis]. Inflamma- 
tion of the pedal bone of the horse. 
pedobaromacrometer (pe"do-bar"o-mak-rom'- 
et-er) [Gr. irais boy + 0apos weight + paKpos long 
+ perpoo measure]. An instrument for measuring 
and weighing infants. 
pedobarometer (pe"do-bar-om'et-er) [Gr. ?rais 
child + ^apos weight + perpoo measure]. An 
instrument for weighing infants. 
pedodontia (pe-do-don'she-ah) [Gr. Trais child + 
bbovs tooth]. The department of dentistry which 
deals with the teeth and mouth conditions of chil- 
dren. 
pedodontics (pe-do-don'tiks). Same as pedodontia. 
pedodontist (pe-do-don'tist). A dentist who spe- 
cializes in pedodontia. 
pedodynamometer (pe"do-di-nam-om'et-er) [L. 
pes foot + dynamometer]. An instrument for 
measuring the strength of a leg. 
pedogamy (pe-doj'am-e) [Gr. stats child + yapos 
marriage]. Fertilization by the union of separate 
cells having the same chromatin ancestry: called 
also endogamy. 
pedograph (ped'o-graf) [L. pes foot + Gr. ypa<peiv 
to write]. An imprint on paper of the weight-bear- 
ing surface of the foot, surrounded by a pencil- 
marked contour of the upper foot. 
pedologist (pe-dol'o-gist). A specialist in pedology, 
pedology, paidology (pe-dol'o-je, pi-do/o-je) [Gr. 
PEDOLOGY irais child + Xoyos treatise]. The systematic study 
of the life and development of children. 
pedometer (pe-dom'et-er) [Gr. trals child + nerpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring infants. 
pedomorphism (pe-do-mo/fizm) [Gr. trais child + 
form]. The retention of infantile characters 
in the adult organism. 
pedonosology (pe"do-nos-ol'o-je) [Gr. Ttais child 
+ vbaos disease + \byos treatise]. Pediatrics. 
pedontia (pe-don'she-ah). Pedodontia. 
pedontology (pe-don-tol'o-je). Pedodontia. 
pedophilia (pe-do-fil'e-ah) [Gr. irais child + <pCXeiv 
to love]. The condition of being fond of children. 
pedophilic (pe-do-fil'ik). Fond of children. 
peduncle (pe'dung-kl) [L. pedun'cuius], A stem or 
supporting part, callosal p's, bands which go 
on either side from under the callosum to the 
fissure of Sylvius, cerebellar p's, one of the 
fibrous bands by which the cerebellum is attached 
to the brain-stem. There are three peduncles on 
each side: the superior p., or brachium conjunc- 
tivum; the middle p., or brachium pontis; the 
inferior p., or corpus restiforme. cerebral 
p's, the crura cerebri, olfactory p., the con- 
stricted portion of the brain which bears the 
olfactory lobe, pineal p., a slender band going 
forward on either side from the pineal body, 
thalamic p., any one of several bundles of fibers 
extending from the thalamus to every part of the 
cerebral cortex. 
peduncular (pe-dung'ku-lar). Pertaining to a pe- 
duncle. 
pedunculate, pedunculated (pe-dung'ku-lat, 
pe-dung'ku-la-tcd). Provided with a peduncle. 
pedunculus (pe-dunk'u-lus). See peduncle, p. 
cer'ebri [B N A], a crus cerebri, p. cor'poris 
pinea'lis, the peduncle of the pineal body. p. 
floc'culi [B N A], the lateral expansion of the 
posterior medullary velum toward the flocculus. 
peenash (pe'nash) [India], Rhinitis due to the 
presence of insect larvae in the nose. 
pegamoid (peg'am-oid). A collodion preparation: 
used in treating textile fabrics. 
pegnin (peg'nin). A proprietary preparation for 
coagulating the casein of milk preparatory to in- 
fant-feeding (Dungern). 
peinotherapy (pi-no-ther'ap-e) [Gr. ttdiva hunger 
+ Oepairela cure]. Hunger cure or starvation cure; 
severe fasting as a means of cure. 
pelada (pe-la'dah) [Fr. pelade]. Alopecia areata. 
pelage (pe'lej) [Fr.]. The hairs of the body, limbs, 
and head collectively. 
pelagia (pe-la'je-ah) [L.]. An erysipelatous disease 
of the hands or face. 
pelagin (pel'aj-in). A proprietary cure for sea- 
sickness; a solution of ether, cocain, anti pyrin, 
and caffein. 
Pel'amis bico'lor. A poisonous sea snake of the 
Indian ocean. 
Pei-Ebstein disease (pel-ab'stin) [Pieter Kluzes 
Pel, Dutch physician, born 1852; Wilhelm Ebstein, 
German physician, 1836-1912]. See under disease. 
pelicology (pel-ik-ol'o-ge) [Gr. ireXtKa pelvis -f- 
Xbyos treatise]. The study of the pelvis. 
pelicometer (pel-ik-om'et-er) [Gr. irdXlKa pelvis + 
perpov measure]. Same as pelvimeter. 
pelidisi (pel-id-e'se) [Term coined from L. pondus 
decies linearis divisus sidentis (altitudo) meaning 
weight ten line divided sitting height]. The unit 
of Pirquet's index for determining the nutritive 
condition of children. It is obtained by dividing 
the cube root of ten times the weight (in grams) 
by the sitting height (in centimeters). A pelidisi of 
94 or less indicates und emu trition; of 95-100, good 
nutrition, and of 101 or above, ovemutrition. 
pelidnoma (pel-id-no'mah) [Gr. ireXlbvaipa', ireXios 
livid]. A livid spot or patch on the skin. 
pelioma (pe-le-o'inah). 1. A livid spot. 2. Pelio- 
PEDOMETER 
817 
sis. p. typho'sum, a state marked by livid 
spots on the extremities. 
peliosis (pel-e-o'sis) [Gr. ttcXios livid]. Same as 
purpura, p. rheumat'ica. See purpura rheu- 
matica. 
pellagra (pel'ag-rah, pel-a'grah) [L. pel'lis skin 
+ Gr. a7pa seizure]. An endemic skin and spinal 
disease of southern Europe (Casal, 1735; Frapolli, 
1771), occurring frequently also in the southern and 
central parts of the United States. Various theories 
as to its etiology have been advanced: 1, The ze- 
istic theory, i. e., the disease is due to an excessive 
maize diet or to the eating of spoiled maize; 2, 
that it is an infectious disease caused by an organ- 
ism that has not as yet been isolated; 3, that it is a 
deficiency disease dependent upon the absence of 
proper vitamin from the food; 4, that it is due to 
absorption of toxic products formed in the in- 
testinal tract as a result of an improperly balanced 
diet. It is marked by a recurring erythema 
of the surface of the body, which is followed by 
exfoliation of the epidermis. There are weakness 
and debility, digestive disturbance, spinal pain, 
convulsions, melancholia, and idiocy. It is called 
also Italian leprosy, Lombardy leprosy, p. sine 
pellagra, pellagra in which the characteristic 
eruption is not present, typhoid p., pellagra 
characterized by continued high temperature. 
pellagragenic (pel-ag-rah-jen'ik). Causing pel- 
lagra. 
pellagral (pel-ag'ral). Pertaining to pellagra. 
pellagraphobia (pel-ag-rah-fo'be-ah). An insane 
or unreasonable dread of pellagra. 
pellagrazein, pellagrocein (pel-ah-gra'ze-in, 
pel-ah-gro'se-in). Poisonous ptomains from dam- 
aged maize, regarded as the probable cause of 
pellagra. 
pellagrin (pel-ah'grin). A person affected with pel- 
lagra. 
pellagrologist (pel-ag-rol'o-jist). One who makes 
a special study of pellagra. 
pellagrology (pel-ag-rol'o-je). The study of 
pellagra. 
pellagrosarium (pel-ag-ro-sa're-um). A hospital 
for patients affected with pellagra. 
pellagrose, pellagrous (pel-ag'ros, -ah'grus). 
Affected with pellagra; of the nature of pcUagra. 
pellant (pel'ant) [L. pella're to drive]. Depura- 
tive. 
pellate (pel'at). To repel or tend to separate, 
pellet (pel'et). A small pill or granule. 
pelletierin (pel-et-i'e-rin) [from Pelletier, a French 
chemist and manufacturer]. A liquid alkaloid,, 
CsH15NO2, from the root-bark of pomegranate. 
It is employed as a teniacide. Dose, 10-20 gr. 
(0.666-1.5 gm-); of sulphate, 3-6 gr. (o.2-0.4 gm.), 
p. hydrobromid, a brownish liquid: used in 
paralysis of the eye muscles. Dose, 4-8 min. 
(0.25-0.5 c.c.). p. hydrochlorid, a teniafuge. 
Dose, 5-8 gr. (o.3-0.5 gm.), p. sulphate, a 
syrupy liquid, a mixture of the sulphates of pelle- 
tierin and isopelletierin: a teniacide. Dose, 
4-6 gr. (0.20-0.4 gm.). p. tannate, a taste- 
less, hygroscopic powder, soluble in 700 parts of 
water and in 80 parts of alcohol: used as a tenia- 
cide. Dose, 8-24 gr. (0.5-1.5 gm.), followed by a 
purgative. 
pellicle (pel'ik-1) [L. pellic'ula], A thin skin or 
film; also a thin scum on the surface of a liquid. 
pellicular, pelliculous (pel-ik'u-lar, pel-ik'ul-us). 
Characterized by a pellicle. 
pellidol (pel'id-ol). A proprietary name for di- 
acetylamidoazotoluene, a reddish-yellow powder: 
used to promote epithelial formation. 
pellitory (pel'it-o-re). Any plant of the genera 
Pyre'thrum and Parieta'ria. 
pellote (pa yo'tah). A narcotic preparation made 
by the natives of South America from Anhalo'nium 
lewin'ii. 
PELLOTE pellotin (pel'o-tin). An alkaloid, Ci3H19NO3, 
from Anhalo'nium william'sii: a hypnotic. Dose, 
gr. (0.02-0.06 gm.), p. hydrochlorate, a 
colorless, crystalline compound, Cj3H49NO3HC1, 
soluble in water and slightly so in alcohol: 
used as a hypnotic. Dose, f-ij gr. (0.05-0.1 
gm.). 
pellucid (pel-u'sid) [L. pellu'cidus, from per through 
+ lu'cere to shine]. Translucent. 
pelma (pel'mah) [Gr. vreX/za sole]. The sole of the 
foot. 
pelmatic (pel-mat'ik) [Gr. -rre\pa sole]. Pertaining 
to the sole of the foot. 
pelmatogram (pel-mat'o-gram) [Gr. TreX^a sole 4- 
VpdjUMa mark]. An impression of the sole of the 
foot; a foot-print. 
pelohemia (pe-lo-he'me-ah) [Gr. wqXos mud + alpa 
blood]. Undue thickness of the blood. 
pelopathy (pe-lop'ath-e) [Gr. irqXbs mud + iraOos 
illness]. Same as pelotherapy. 
pelosin (pe-lo'sin). A colorless alkaloid from the 
root of Cissam'pelos pare'ira: said to be identi- 
cal with bebeerin. 
pelotherapy (pe-lo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. TvqXbs mud 4- 
0 epair eta cure]. The therapeutic use of earth or 
mud. 
peltate (pel'tat) [L. pel'ta shield]. Shield shaped. 
peltation (pel-ta'shun) [L. pel'ta shield]. The 
protective influence of inoculation with a serum. 
pelveoperitonitis (pel"ve-o-per-it-o-ni'tis). Pel- 
vic peritonitis. See peritonitis. 
pelvic (pel'vik). Pertaining to the pelvis. 
pelvicellulitis (pel-ve-sel-u-li'tis). Pelvic cellu- 
litis. 
pelvicliseometer (pel"ve-kli-se-om'et-er) [pelvis 
+ Gr. kXlctls inclination 4- perpov measure]. An 
instrument for measuring the inclination and the 
diameters .of the pelvis. 
pelvifixation (pel"ve-fiks-a'shun). Surgical fixa- 
tion of a displaced or wandering pelvic organ. 
pelvigraph (pel'vig-raf) [pelvis 4- Gr. ypa<peu> to 
write]. A recording pelvimeter. 
pelvilithotomy (pel"ve-lith-ot'o-me). Pelviolith- 
otomy. 
pelvimeter (pel-vim'e-ter) [L. pel'vis pelvis 4~ 
me'trum measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the diameters and capacity of the pelvis. 
pelvimetry (pel-vim'et-re). The measurement of 
the dimensions and capacity of the pelvis, com- 
bined p., pelvimetry in which measurements are 
made both within and outside the body, digital 
p., pelvimetry performed with the hands, ex- 
ternal p., that in which the measurements are 
made outside the body, instrumental p., 
measurement of the pelvis with the pelvimeter, 
internal p., that in which the measurements are 
made within the vagina, manual p., that which 
is performed with the hands. 
pelviography (pel-ve-og'raf-e). Pelvioradiogra- 
phy. 
pelviolithotomy (pel"ve-o-lith-ot'o-me). Removal 
of stone from the kidney by incision through the 
renal pelvis. 
pelvioperitonitis (pel"ve-o-per"it-o-ni'tis). Same 
as pelviperitonitis. 
pelvioplasty (pel"ve-o-plas'te) [pelvis 4- Gr. irXacr- 
aecv to form]. A plastic operation on the pelvis 
for its permanent enlargement. 
pelvioradiography (pel"ve-o-ra-de-og'raf-e). Ex- 
amination of the pelvis by the x-ray. 
pelvioscopy (pel-ve-os'ko-pe) [L. pel'vis pelvis 4- 
Gr. vKoirelv to view]. The inspection or visual 
examination of the pelvis or pelvic viscera. 
pelviotomy (pel-ve-ot'o-me) [pelvis 4- Gr. Tepvecv 
to cut]. 1. The cutting of the pelvic bones. 2. 
Incision into the pelvis of the kidney. 
pelviperitonitis (pel"ve-per-it-o-ni'tis). Pelvic 
peritonitis. See peritonitis. 
PELLOTIN 
818 
pelvirectal (pel-ve-rek'tal). Pertaining to the 
pelvis and the rectum. 
pelvis (pel'vis) [L. " basin "]. i. Any basin-like 
structure, as the sac in the kidney, of which the 
ureter is the outlet. 2. The basin-shaped ring 
of bone at the posterior extremity of the trunk, 
supporting the spinal column and resting upon 
the lower extremities. It is composed of the two 
innominate bones at the sides and in front, and 
the sacrum and coccyx behind. It is divided by 
the iliopectineal line into the false pelvis above 
and the true pelvis below. The upper extremity 
of the pelvic canal is known as the inlet, brim, or 
superior strait of the p. The true pelvis is limited 
below by the inferior strait or outlet, formed by the 
coccyx, the symphysis pubis, and the ischium 
of either side. The outlet of the pelvis is closed 
by the coccygeus, levator ani, and perineal fas- 
cia, which form the floor of the p. The inlet 
and outlet of the pelvis have each three diameters 
-an anteroposterior, a conjugate, and an oblique, 
p. aequabil'iter jus'to ma'jor, one unusu- 
ally and symmetrically large in all its dimen- 
sions. p. sequabil'iter jus'to mi'nor, one 
with all its dimensions equally reduced, assimi- 
lation p., an elongated pelvis in which the lum- 
bar or coccygeal vertebra resembles a sacral 
vertebra, axis of p., the perpendicular to the an- 
terior diameter at either the inlet or outlet, beaked 
p., one with the pelvic bones laterally compressed 
and pushed forward, brim of the p., the upper 
entrance to the intrapelvic space; the inlet, isth- 
mus, margin, or superior strait, caoutchouc 
p. Same as india-rubber p. Capuron's car- 
dinal points of p. See under point, cardinal. 
cordate p., cordiform p., one that is some- 
what heart-shaped, coxalgic p., one deformed 
in consequence of hip-joint disease. Deventer's 
p., a pelvis which is shortened anteroposteriorly. 
diameters of the p. See under diameter. 
dwarf p., a small pelvis with the bones united 
by cartilage, dynamic p., the pelvis of a woman 
in labor, elastic p., an osteomalacic pelvis, 
false p., the part above the iliopectineal line, 
fetal p. Same as masculine p. fissured p., a 
rachitic pelvis in which the ilia are pushed forward 
so as to be nearly parallel, flat p., a pelvis con- 
tracted in the anteroposterior direction, floor 
of the p., the non-bony material forming the 
lower boundary of the pelvis, funnel-shaped 
p., a female pelvis with normal-sized inlet, but 
greatly narrowed outlet, giant p. Same as p. 
cequabiliter justo major, halisteretic p., a 
deformed pelvis resulting from softening of the 
bones on account of absorption of their lime- 
salts. Hauder's p. Same as p. spinosa. 
inclination or obliquity of the p., the 
angle between the axis of the body and that of 
the pelvis, india-rubber p., an osteomalacic 
pelvis, the bones of which may be stretched. 
Called also caoutchouc p. infantile p. Same 
as funnel-shaped p. inverted p. Same as 
split p. justomajor p., a pelvis whose diameters 
are increased in equal proportions, p. jus'to 
ma'jor. See p. cequabiliter justo major, p. 
jus'to min'or. See p. cequabiliter justo minor. 
Kilian's p., an osteomalacic pelvis, kypho- 
scoliotic p., an irregularly contracted pelvis 
due to rachitic kyphoscoliosis, kyphotic p., 
one characterized by increase of the conjugate 
diameter at the brim, with decrease of the trans- 
verse diameter at the outlet, large p., the false 
pelvis. lordotic p., one in which the spi- 
nal column has an anterior curvature in the 
lumbar region, p. ma'jor, the false pelvis, 
malacosteon p., a rachitic pelvis, masculine 
p., a woman's pelvis shaped like that of a man. 
p. mi'nor, the true pelvis. Nagele's p., 
oblique p., one so distorted that the conjugate 
diameter takes an oblique direction, p. na'na, 
a dwarf pelvis, p. obtec'ta, a variety of ky- 
photic pelvis in which the spinal column extends 
horizontally across the pelvic inlet, osteo- 
PELVIS PELVIS 
819 
PELVIS 
Split pelvis. 
Pelvis spinosa (acanthopelvis). 
Kyphotic pelvis (from above). 
Typic flat rachitic pelvis. 
Osteomalacic pelvis (minor grade). 
Simple flat pelvis. 
Coxalgic pelvis. 
Pseudo-osteomalacic pelvis. PELVISACRUM 
820 
PENIS 
malacic p., one affected with osteomalacia, 
p. ova'lis, a depression in the inner wall of the 
tympanum, at the bottom of which is the fenes- 
tra ovalis. p. pla'na. See flat p. planes 
of the p., two imaginary surfaces which touch 
all points of the pelvic circumference, called re- 
spectively the plane of pelvic expansion and the 
plane of pelvic contraction. Prague p. Same 
as spondylolisthetic p. pseudo-osteoma- 
lacic p., a rickety pelvis simulating one af- 
fected with osteomalacia. rachitic p., one 
distorted from rickets, reduced p. Same as p. 
cequabiliter jus to minor, renal p., p. rena'lis, 
the cavity in the kidney of which the ureter is 
the outlet, reniform p., a kidney-shaped 
pelvis. Roberts' p., one with a rudimen- 
tary sacrum and great narrowing of the trans- 
verse and oblique diameters. Rokitansky's 
p. Same as spondylolisthetic p. rostrate 
p. Same as beaked p. p. rotun'da, a depres- 
sion in the inner wall of the tympanum, at the 
bottom of which is the fenestra rotunda, round 
p., one with an inlet of nearly circular outline, 
rubber p.', an elastic or osteomalacic pelvis, 
scoliotic p., one with a diminished oblique diam- 
eter. simple flat p., one with a shortened an- 
teroposterior diameter. small p., the true 
pelvis. p. spino'sa, a rachitic pelvis with 
the crest of the pubis very sharp. split p., 
one with a congenital separation at the sym- 
physis pubis, spondylolisthetic p., a pelvis 
in which the last lumbar vertebra is dislocated in 
front of the sacrum. Called also Prague p. and 
Rokitansky's p. p. spu'ria, the false pelvis, 
triangular p., one with a triangular inlet, 
triradiate p., a beaked pelvis, true p., the 
part below the iliopectineal line. 
pelvisacrum (pel-ve-sa'krum). The pelvis and the 
sacrum together. 
pelvitherm (pel-ve-therm') [L. pelvis + Gr. Oeppq 
heat]. An apparatus for applying heat to the pel- 
vic organs through the vagina. 
pelvitomy (pel-vit'o-me) [pelvis + Gr. Topy a cut- 
ting]. The operation of cutting the pelvis at any 
point in order to facilitate delivery. 
pelvitrochanterian (pel"ve-tro-kan-te're-an). Re- 
lating to the pelvis and the great trochanter of the 
femur. 
pelviureteroradiography (pel"ve-u-re"ter-o-ra- 
de-og'raf-e). Radiography of the ureter and renal 
pelvis. 
pelvoscopy (pel-vos'ko-pe) [L. pelvis + Gr. aKoireiv 
to examine]. Examination of a pelvis, particu- 
larly of the renal pelvis. 
pelycalgia (pel-ik-al'je-ah) [Gr. ireXu^ pelvis + 
aXyos pain]. A general term for all forms of pelvic 
pain. 
pelycochirometresis (pel"ik-o-ki"ro-met-re'sis) 
[Gr. irtXv^ pelvis fl- x^P hand + perpqais meas- 
urement]. Manual pelvimetry; the estimation 
of the pelvic diameters and spaces by means of 
the hand. 
pelycogram (pel'ik-o-gram) [Gr. 7reXv$ pelvis + 
ypappa mark]. An x-ray picture of the pelvis. 
pelycography (pel-ik-og'raf-e) [Gr. neXv^ pelvis + 
ypa<peiv to write]. The making of x-ray plates of 
the pelvic contents after pneumoperitoneum. 
pelycology (pel-ik-ol'o-je) [Gr. ireXv£ pelvis + 
Xoyos treatise]. A treatise on or the study of 
the pelvis; the sum of knowledge regarding the 
pelvis. 
pelycometry (pel-e-kom'et-re). Same as pelvim- 
etry. 
pemmican (pem'ik-an). A food of North American 
Indians, being a preparation of dried meat. 
pemphigoid (pem'fig-oid) [Gr. irep<pi£ blister + 
ecbos form]. Like or resembling pemphigus. 
pemphigus (pem'fig-us) [Gr. irep<pifl blister]. A 
disease characterized by the formation of bull®, 
which, after absorption, leave pigmented spots. 
It may be attended with itching and burning, 
and usually involves the general health of the 
patient, p. acu'tus, a form of rapid course oc- 
curring chiefly in children, p. arthrit'icus, 
dermatitis herpetiformis, p. benig'nus, a very 
mild or slight form. p. circina'tus, a form in 
which the bullae are arranged in circles, p. con- 
tagio'SUS, an endemic disease of warm regions, 
such as the Philippines and the tropical East. 
It is marked by a vesicular eruption, which affects 
chiefly the groin and axilla, p. diphtherit'icus, 
pemphigus attended with superficial sloughing, 
p. dissemina'tus, a variety with scattered 
bullae, p. folia'ceus, a form with flaccid, 
scabby bullae, p. gangrseno'sus, gangrenous 
dermatitis, p. haemorrhag'icus, pemphigus 
associated with hemorrhage, p. hyster'icus, a 
variety ascribable to hysteria, gestation, or dis- 
ease of sexual organs, p. lepro'sus, the bullous 
eruption of leprosy, p. malig'nus, a severe and 
sometimes fatal type. p. neonatorum, a form 
occurring in young infants, and ascribed to a 
microbic origin, p. prurigino'sus, a kind at- 
tended with severe itching, p. solita'rius, a 
variety with only one bulla, p. syphilit'icus, a 
syphilitic eruption of bull®. p. veg'etans, a 
form in which the bull® are followed by fungoid 
growths: a malignant and generally fatal type. 
Called also Neumann's disease, p. vulga'ris, an 
ordinary and uncomplicated form which is fol- 
lowed by replacement of the epidermis. 
pencil (pen'sil) [L. penicil'lum}. A roll or stick, 
as of caustic; a roll of lint; a tent. 
Pendjdeh or Penjdeh sore (penj'deh) [Penj- 
deh, a place in Central Asia]. Same as Jurunculus 
orientalis. 
pendular (pen'du-lar). Having a pendulum-like 
movement. 
pendulous (pen'du-lus) [L. pen'dulus]. Hanging 
loosely.; dependent. 
pendulum rhythm (pen'du-lum). See rhythm. 
penetrating (pen'e-tra-ting) [L. pen'etrans}. Pierc- 
ing; entering deeply. 
penetration (pen-e-tra'shun) [L. penetra'tio]. i. 
The act of piercing or entering deeply. 2. The 
focal depth of a lens, or its power of giving a 
clear definition at various depths. 
penetrology (pen-e-trol'o-je). The study of radiant 
energy. , 
penetrometer (pen-e-trom'et-er). An apparatus 
for measuring the penetrating power and intensity 
of the x-ray. 
penghawar djambi (pen'gah-war jam'be). See 
penjavar. 
penial, penile (pe'ne-al, pe'ml). Pertaining to the 
penis. 
Penic. cam. Abbreviation for L. penicil'lum came- 
li'num, a camel's-hair brush. 
penicilliosis (pen-is-il-e-o'sis). The condition 
caused by infection with Penicillium. 
Penicillium (pen-is-il'e-um) [L. penicil'lum brush, 
roll], A genus of molds which develop fruiting 
organs resembling a broom, or the bones of the 
hand and fingers. P. crusta'ceum. See P. 
glaucum. Other species sometimes found para- 
sitic on man are: P. barbee, P. bouffardi, P. 
minimum, P. montoy ai. P. glau'cum, the com- 
mon bluish-green mold. It is a factor in the ripen- 
ing of Camembert cheese, making it white, soft, 
and creamy. 
penile (pe'nil). Pertaining to the penis. 
penis (pe'nis) [L.]. The male organ of copula- 
tion. It is composed of a root, body, and ex- 
tremity, or glans penis. The root is attached to 
the descending portions of the pubic bone by 
the crura, the latter being the extremities of the 
corpora cavernosa. The body consists of two 
parallel cylindric bodies, the corpora cavernosa, 
and beneath them the corpus spongiosum, which 
is perforated by the urethra. The glans is covered PENISCHISIS 
821 
PEPSINATE 
with mucous membrane, and ensheathed by the 
prepuce, or foreskin, p. capti'vus, a condition 
in which, from deep vaginismus, the corona of the 
fully introduce^ penis is encircled, and attempts 
to withdraw the penis cause great pain to both 
parties, clubbed p., a condition in which the 
penis is curved when erect, p. palma'tus. See 
webbed p. webbed p., a penis that is inclosed 
by the skin of the scrotum. Called also p. palma- 
tus. 
penischisis (pen-is'kis-is) [penis 4- Gr. axiars split- 
ting], Any fissured state of the penis; a term 
including epispadias, hypospadias, and paraspa- 
dias. 
penitis (pe-ni'tis). Inflammation of the penis. 
penjavar yambi (pen'jah-var yam'be). The hairs 
of various species of Polypo'dium and Pya'thea: 
sometimes prescribed as a styptic and hemo- 
static. 
Penjdeh sore (penj'deh) [Penjdeh, a town of 
Afghanistan]. See furunculus orientalis. 
pennate (pen'at). Penniform. 
penniform (pen'if-orm) [L. pen'na feather 4- 
for'ma form]. Shaped like a feather. 
pennyroyal (pen-e-roi'al). A popular name for 
various labiate plants, especially Men'tha pule'- 
gium (European p.), M. canaden'sis, and Hedeo'- 
ma pulegioi'des (American p.). See Mentha and 
Hedeoma. 
pennyweight (pen'e-wat). Twenty-four grains 
troy weight. See weights and measures, table of. 
penology, poenology (pe-nol'o-je) [Gr. iroiv-q pen- 
alty 4- Xbyos treatise]. The science of the pun- 
ishment and prevention of crime. 
penoscrotal (pe-no-skro'tal). Relating to the 
penis and the scrotum. 
pentabasic (pen-tah-ba'sik). Having five replace- 
able atoms of hydrogen in the molecule. 
pentachromic (pen-tah-kro'mik) [Gr. trevre five 
4- xp^po- color]. Able to distinguish five colors 
only: said of such a partially color-blind person. 
pentad (pen'tad). Any element or radical with a 
valence of five. 
pentadactyl (pen-tah-dak'til) [Gr. tr'evTe five 4- 
baK-rvXos finger]. Having five fingers. 
pentaglucose (pen-tah-glu'kos). Any sugar whose 
formula contains five atoms of carbon. 
pental (pen'tal). A colorless, oily, liquid hydro- 
carbon, (CHahCiCH.CHs, or trimethylethylene. 
It is used as an anesthetic in minor operations. 
Dose, by inhalation, 1 j-25 fl.dr. (5-10 c.c.). 
pentamethylendiamin (pen-tah-meth "il-en-di- 
am'in). See cadaverin. 
pentane (pen'tan). An anesthetic liquid hydro- 
carbon, C5H12, obtained by the distillation of 
petroleum. 
Pentastoma (pen-tas'to-mah) [Gr. trevre five 4* 
arbpa mouth], A genus of endoparasitic, worm- 
like arthropods. P. constric'tum and P. tanioi'- 
des occur in the human subject. P. denticula'tum is 
the larva of Linguat'ula rhina'ria, occurring in the 
nose. 
pentatomic (pen-tah-tom'ik) [Gr. trivre five 4- 
atom], 1. Containing five atoms. 2. Contain- 
ing five replaceable hydrogen atoms. 
pentavaccine (pen-tah-vak'sin) [Gr. tr'evTe five 4- 
vaccine]. A vaccine containing dead cultures of the 
bacteria of typhoid, paratyphoid A, paratyphoid B, 
cholera, and Malta fever. 
pentavalent (pen-tav'al-ent). Same as quin- 
quivalent. 
pentene (pen'ten). Same as amylene. 
pentenzyme (pen'ten-zim). A proprietary digest- 
ant preparation. 
pentodyne (pen'to-din). A proprietary analgesic, 
antiseptic, and antipyretic: said to be 4NaC34N5- 
HjnOioOH. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.). 
pentone (pen'ton). Same as valylene. 
pentosan (pen'to-san). Any member of a group 
of compounds having the composition (C5HsO4)n; 
found in various foods and plant juices. They are 
gums which yield pentose on hydrolysis. 
pentosazon (pen-to-sa'zon). A crystalline com- 
pound formed by treating a pentose with phenyl 
hydrazine, sometimes abnormally occurring in the 
urine. 
pentose (pen'tos). Any sugar or carbohydrate con- 
taining five atoms of carbon. The pentoses are 
non-fermentable. 
pentosid (pen'to-sid). A union of a pentose with 
some other substance. Compounds of pentoses 
with purin and pyrimidin bases are found in the 
nucleic acids. 
pentosuria (pen-to-su're-ah) [pentose 4- Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The occurrence of pentose in the urine. 
pentosuric (pen-to-su'ric). Affected with pento- 
suria; also a person so affected. 
pentoxid (pen-tox'id). An oxid containing five 
atoms of oxygen. 
Penzoldt's test (pen'zoldz) [Franz Penzoldt, physi- 
cian in Erlangen, born 1849]. See under tests. 
peonin (pe'o-nin). A dye, C19HUO3, or pararo- 
solic acid: used as a test for alkalis and acids. 
peotillomania (pe-o-til-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. trios 
penis 4- riXXeiv to pull 4- pavia madness], A 
tic-like movement consisting in pulling at the penis: 
called also pseudomasturbation. 
peotomy (pe-ot'o-me) [Gr. -trees penis 4- repvew to 
cut]. Surgical removal of the penis. 
pepo (pe'po) [L. " pumpkin "]. The seeds of the 
pumpkin, Cucur'bita pe'po: diuretic, and useful 
against tapeworm. Dose of crushed seeds, 1-3 
oz. (31-93 gm.); of resin, 10-15 gr. (o 66-1 gm.). 
pepper (pep'er) [L. pi'per}. The dried fruit of 
Pi'per ni'grum and other plants of that genus, 
black p. contains piperin, a volatile oil, and an 
acrid resin. It is carminative, counterirritant, 
stimulant, and antiperiodic. Dose, 5-20 gr. 
(0.33-1.25 gm.); of confection (confec'tio pip'- 
eris), 1 dr. (4 gm.); of oleoresin, |-i gr. (0.016- 
0.066 gm.); of fluidextract, 15-45 min. (1-3 c.c.). 
red p. See Capsicum, white p., a milder pre- 
pared form of the ordinary or black pepper. 
peppermint (pep'er-mint). The labiate herb 
Men'tha piper'ita. The leaves and tops are car- 
minative and stimulant, and are used in colic, 
flatulence, headache, rheumatism, etc. It affords 
oil of peppermint (see oil) and menthol. Dose 
of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of oil, 1-3 
min. (0.065-0.2 c.c.); of spirit, 5-15 min. (0.3-1 
c.c.); of syrup, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
pepsase (pep'sas). Pepsin considered as an en- 
zyme or non-organized ferment. 
pepsic (pep'sik). Same as peptic. 
pepsin (pep'sin) [L. pepsi'num, from Gr. treses 
digestion]. A ferment found in the gastric juice, 
capable of digesting proteins by changing them 
into peptones. The chemic process involved 
consists of a splitting of the protein into antialbu- 
mose and hemialbumose, the former of which is 
changed into antipeptone, the latter into hemi- 
peptone. Pepsin is used in medicine as a digest- 
ant and as a remedy for dyspepsia. It is usually 
prepared from the stomachs of pigs. Dose, 10- 
15 gr. (0.66-1 gm.); of wine (vi'num pep'sini), 
|-i fl.oz. (16-32 c.c.). aromatic p., a mixture 
of 10 per cent, of pepsin with tartaric acid, sodium 
chlorid, and milk-sugar. ostrich-p., a pepsin 
prepared in Argentina from the gizzard of the 
ostrich or rhea, saccharated p. (L. pepsi'num 
sacchara'tum), pepsin (10 parts) mixed with sugar 
of milk (90 parts). Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.66-2 gm.), 
solution of p. (li'quor pepsi'ni), a solution of 
pepsin, one part in twenty-five. Dose, 2-4 fl.dr. 
(8-16 c.c.). 
pepsinate (pep'sin-at). To treat or charge with 
pepsin. PEPSINIA 
822 
PERCEPTIVITY 
pepsinia (pep-sin'e-ah). The secretion of pepsin. 
It may be normal, excessive (hyperpepsinia), de- 
ficient (hypopepsinia), or totally absent (apep- 
sinia). 
pepsiniferous (pep-sin-if'er-us) [pepsin + L. fer're 
to bear]. Producing or secreting pepsin. 
pepsinogen (pep-sin'o-jen) [pepsin + Gr. yewav to 
produce]. A zymogen in or from the gastric cells 
which is changed into pepsin by hydrochloric acid. 
pepsinogenous (pep-sin-oj'en-us). Producing 
pepsin. 
pepsinum (pep-si'num). See pepsin. 
pepsorthin (pep-sor'thin). A preparation of pa- 
pain, magnesium superoxid, betanaphthol, and 
sodium bicarbonate: used in dyspepsia. 
peptamin (pep-tam'in). Any amin derived from a 
polypeptid. 
peptarnis (pep-tar'nis). Peptone of beef: used as 
a food for invalids. 
peptase (pep'tas). A malt derivative capable of 
acting on albumin. 
peptenzyme (pep'ten-zim). An antidyspeptic 
enzyme: proprietary. 
peptic (pep'tik) [Gr. TreTrriKos]. Pertaining to pep- 
sin or to digestion. 
peptid (pep'tid). A compound formed by the union 
of two or more amino-acids. When two amino- 
acids unite, the result is a dipeptid; when three, a 
tripeptid; when more than three, a polypeptid. 
peptidolytic (pep-tid-o-lit'ik) [peptid + Gr. \bais 
dissolution]. Splitting up peptids. 
peptinotoxin (pep-tin-o-toks'in). A poisonous 
intestinal product of imperfect stomach diges- 
tion. 
peptization (pep-tiz-a'shun). Increase in the de- 
gree of dispersion of a colloid solution; the liquefac- 
tion of a colloid gel to form a sol. 
peptobromeigon (pep"to-brdm-i'gon). A prepa- 
ration of bromin and protein: used like the bromids. 
peptocrinin (pep-to-krin'in). A substance ob- 
tained from the mucosa of the intestine having 
properties like secretin. 
peptogaster (pep'to-gas-ter) [Gr. Treirrecv to digest 
+ yaarr/p belly]. The alimentary tract. 
peptogenic, peptogenous (pep-to-jen'ik, pep- 
toj'en-us) [Gr. ireirrecv to digest + yevvav to 
produce], i. Producing pepsin or peptones. 2. 
Of the nature of a peptogen. 3. Promoting diges- 
tion. 
peptoid (pep'toid). A product of proteolytic diges- 
tion, distinguished by not giving the biuret reac- 
tion. 
pepto-iodeigon (pep"to-i-o-di'gon). A prepara- 
tion of iodin and protein: used like iodoform. 
peptolysis (pep-tol'is-is) [peptone + Gr. Xvacs de- 
struction], The splitting up of peptone. 
peptolytic (pep-to-lit'ik). Splitting up peptone. 
peptomangan (pep-to-man'gan). A proprietary 
preparation containing peptones with manganese 
and iron. 
peptomedullin (pep"to-med-ul'in). A peptonized 
therapeutic preparation of bone-marrow. 
peptone (pep'tbn) [Gr. Treierwv digesting]. A de- 
rived protein produced by the hydrolysis of a 
native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. 
Peptones are readily soluble in water, are levo- 
rotatory, and are not precipitated by heat by 
ammonium sulphate, nor by the action of alkalis 
or acids. They include amphipeptone, antipeptone, 
hemipeptone, and propeptone. beef-p., an 
extractive from beef made by treating it with 
extract of pancreas, casein-p., milk-p., a 
light-brown powder, soluble in water: a nutrient for 
convalescents. Dunham's p. See Dunham's 
solution under solution, gelatin-p., a peptone 
formed during the digestion of gelatin with pepsin. 
Hbchst's p. Same as silk p. silk p., peptone 
obtained from silk: used as a test for the presence 
of peptone-splitting ferments, either by changes in 
optical activity or by the precipitation of tyrosin. 
venom p., a peptone from snake-poison, p. 
water. See under stains. Witte's p., a dry 
peptone prepared from fibrin. 
peptonemia, peptonaemia (pep-to-ne'me-ah) 
[peptone + Gr. al/xa blood]. The presence of 
peptones in the blood. 
peptonic (pep-ton'ik). Pertaining to or containing 
peptone. 
peptonize (pep'to-niz). To convert into peptones, 
peptonoid (pep'to-noid). Any substance resem- 
bling peptone. 
peptonoids (pep'to-noids). A proprietary pre- 
digested food prepared from beef, milk, and gluten. 
peptonuria (pep-to-nu're-ah) [peptone + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of peptones in the urine. 
See albumosuria, enterogenous p., that which 
is due to disease of the intestine, hepatogenous 
p., that which is due to disease of the liver, 
nephrogenic p., that which is due to disease of 
the kidney, puerperal p., that which occurs 
during the puerperium. pyogenic p., that which 
is associated with a suppurative process. 
peptonutrine (pep-to-nu'trin). A nutrient tonic 
preparation of peptonized beef and the carbohy- 
drates of wheat. 
pepto-ovarin (pep-to-o'va-rin). A peptonized 
therapeutic preparation of animal ovaries. 
peptosin (pep'to-sin). A proprietary digestant 
preparation of pepsin. 
peptothyroid (pep-to-thi'roid). A peptonized 
preparation of the thyroid: used therapeutically. 
pepto thyroidin (pep"to-thi-roid'in). A pep- 
tonized therapeutic preparation of animal thy- 
roids. 
peptotoxin (pep-to-toks'in). Any toxin or poison- 
ous base developed from a peptone; also a poison- 
ous cadaveric alkaloid or ptomain occurring in 
certain peptones and putrefying proteins, chol- 
era p., a poisonous substance resembling a pep- 
tone, produced by the cholera bacillus. 
peptovarin (pep-to'va-rin). See pepto-ovarin. 
peptozym (pep'to-zim). A substance thought to 
exist in peptone solutions, and having the power 
of preventing the coagulation of the blood. 
per-. A prefix, the Latin per, " through in com- 
position sometimes meaning " very." 
peracephalus (per-as-ef'al-us) [L. per through + 
acephalus]. A fetal monster with neither head 
nor arms, and with a defective thorax. 
peracetate (per-as'et-at). An acetate containing 
more acetic acid than the ordinary acetate. 
peracid (per-as'id). An acid containing more than 
the usual quantity of oxygen. 
peracidity (per-as-id'it-e). Excessive acidity. 
peracute (per-ak-ut') [L. peracu'tus]. Excessively 
acute or sharp. 
peradrenalone (per-ad-ren'al-bn). A substance 
formed by the oxidation of adrenalone. 
per anum (per a'num). Latin for by the anus. 
perarticulation (per"ar-tik-u-la'shun) [L. per 
through + articula'tio joint]. Same as diar- 
throsis. 
peratodynia (per"at-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. irepdv to 
pierce 4- bbvvr) pain]. Cardialgia or heartburn. 
perboral (per-bo'ral). A highly oxidated proprietary 
compound of paraboric and paraiodosulphonic 
acid: used as an antiseptic. 
percept (per'sept). The object perceived. 
perception (per-sep'shun) [L. percep'tio]. The 
receiving of an impression through the senses, 
facial p. Same as facial vision. See vision. 
p.-time, p.-reflex. See time and reflex. 
perceptive (per-sep'tiv). Pertaining to perception, 
perceptivity (per-sep-tiv'it-e). Ability to receive 
sense impressions. perceptorium (per-sep-to're-um). Same as sen- 
sorium. 
perchloric acid (per-klo'rik). A volatile liquid, 
HC104, the highest oxyacid of chlorin. 
perchlorid (per-klo'rid). A chlorid which con- 
tains more chlorin than the ordinary chlorid. 
perchlormethylformate (per-klor-meth-il-for'- 
mat). Diphosgene. 
percin (per'sin). A protamin from the sperm of 
yellow perch, Perea flavescens. 
percolate (per'ko-lat) [L. percola're}. 1. To strain; 
to submit to percolation. 2. To trickle slowly 
through a substance. 3. A liquid that has been 
submitted to percolation. 
percolation, (per-ko-la'shun) [L. percola'tio}. The 
extraction of the soluble parts of a drug by causing 
a liquid solvent to flow slowly through it. 
percolator (per'ko-la-tor). A vessel used in per- 
colating drugs. 
per contiguum (per kon-tig'u-um). In contiguity: 
arranged in such a way that the edges touch. 
per continuum (per kon-tin'u-um). Without 
separation or break. 
percuss (per-kus') [L. percu'tere\. To subject to 
percussion. 
percussion (per-kush'un) [L. percus'sio]. The act 
of striking a part with short, sharp blows as an 
aid in diagnosing the condition of the parts be- 
neath by the sound obtained (Auenbrugger, 1761). 
auscultatory p., auscultation of the sound pro- 
duced by percussion, coin p. See coin test, under 
tests, deep p., percussion in which a firm blow is 
struck in order to obtain a note from a deep- 
seated tissue, drop p., drop-stroke p., per- 
cussion in which the hammer is allowed to fall by its 
own weight on to the pleximeter, the elements con- 
sidered in the examination being the sound heard, 
the vibrations felt in the handle of the hammer, and 
the rebound of the hammer seen. Called also 
Lerch's p. flnger-p., that in which the fingers of 
one hand are used as a plexor, and those of the 
other as a pleximeter. Goldscheider's p. 
1. See threshold p. 2. Same as orthopercussion. 
immediate p., direct p., that in which no 
pleximeter is used, instrumental p., that in 
which a plexor or hammer is used. Koranyi's p. 
See Koranyi's auscultation, under auscultation. 
Kronig's p., auscultatory percussion over the 
apices of the lungs in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. 
Lerch's p. See drop-stroke p. mediate p., 
that in which a pleximeter is employed. Mur- 
phy's p. See piano p. p.-note, the sound elic- 
ited on percussion, palpatory p., a combina- 
tion of palpation and percussion, affording tactile 
rather than auditory impressions, piano p., 
percussion by striking the body by the four fingers 
one after the other, beginning with the little finger. 
Called also Murphy's p. respiratory p., percus- 
sion during respiration so as to bring out the differ- 
ence in the percussion-notes of inspiration and ex- 
piration. threshold p., percussion performed 
by tapping lightly with the finger upon a glass- 
rod pleximeter, one end of which, fitted with a 
rubber cap, rests upon an intercostal space, the 
rod being held at an angle to the surface of the 
thorax and parallel to the borders of the organ to be 
delimited. This method confines the percussion 
vibrations to a very restricted area. Called also 
Goldscheider's p. p.-wave, the primary or chief 
ascending wave of the pulse-tracing. 
percussopunctator (per-kus-o-punk'ta-tor). An 
instrument for performing multiple acupuncture, 
percussor (per-kus'or) [L. "striker"]. An instru- 
ment for use in performing percussion. 
percutaneous (per-ku-ta'ne-us) [L. per through + 
cu'tis skin]. Performed through the skin. 
percuteur (per-koo-tur') [Fr.]. An instrument 
for therapeutic or diagnostic percussion. 
percutilan (per-ku'til-an). A preparation of cam- 
phor for use percutaneously. 
PERCEPTORIUM 
823 
Percy cautery or method (per'se) [James F. Percy, 
American surgeon, born 1864]. See cautery. 
perdynamin (per-di'nam-in). An animal iron 
preparation containing albumin. It is a nutrient 
fluid and is used in anemic conditions, phthisis, 
and the vomiting of pregnancy. 
pereirin (per-e'ir-in) [Port, pere'ira brier], A 
white alkaloid, C19H34N2O, from the bark of 
Geissosper'mum IMve, a tree of tropical America; 
antiperiodic, antipyretic, and tonic. Daily dose, 
30 gr. (2 gm.). 
perencephaly (per-en-sef'al-e) [Gr. rr^pa pouch + 
€yKey>aXos brain]. Cystic disease of the brain. 
perennial (per-en'e-al) [L. peren'nis, from per 
through + an'nus year]. Lasting through the 
year or for several years. 
perethynol (per-eth'in-ol). A colloidal suspension 
prepared from fresh horse heart in perchlorid of 
ethylene and alcohol for the Vernes' test for 
syphilis. See Vernes' test, under tests. 
perezon (per'e-zon). Pipitzahoic acid; an agent 
in glossy, yellow scales from the root of Trixis 
pipitshuac: cathartic. Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.3 gm.). 
Perez's sign (pa-raths') [Jorje Perez, Spanish phys- 
ician, died 1920]. See under sign. 
perflation (per-fla'shun) [L. perfla'tio], 1. The act 
of blowing air into a space in order to force secre- 
tions or other substances out. ■ 2. A form of 
natural ventilation in which the air is brought 
into the room as a result of the movement of natural 
air currents. 
perforans (per'fo-ranz) [L.]. Penetrating: a term 
applied to various muscles and nerves, p. gas'- 
seri, the musculocutaneous nerve, p. ma'nus, 
the flexor profundus digitorum muscle. 
perforated (per'fo-ra-ted) [L. perfora'tus]. Pierced 
with holes. 
perforation (per-fo-ra'shun) [L. perforate to pierce 
through]. 1. The act of boring or piercing through 
a part. 1. A hole made through a part or substance. 
Bezold's p., perforation of the inner surface of 
the mastoid bone. 
perforator (per'fo-ra-tor). An instrument for 
piercing the bones, and especially for perforating 
the fetal head. Blot's p., an instrument for per- 
forming craniotomy in difficult labor. 
perforatorium (per"for-a-to're-um). The pointed 
structure on the head of a spermatozoon. 
perfrication (per-frik-a'shun) [L. perfrica're to 
rub]. Rubbing with an ointment or embroca- 
tion. 
perfrigeration (per-frij-er-a'shun) [L. per very + 
jri'gere to be cold]. Frostbite. 
perfusion (per-fu'zhun). A pouring through or 
into. 
pergenol (per-je'nol). A mixture of sodium per- 
borate and sodium bitartrate, known as " solid 
hydrogen dioxid." 
perhydrol (per-hi'drol). 1. A proprietary 30 per 
cent, solution of hydrogen dioxid. 2. Magnesium 
peroxid. 
peri- [Gr. irepl around]. A prefix signifying 
" around." 
periacinal, periacinous (per-e-as'in-al, per-e-as'- 
in-us) [Gr. irepl around + L. acin'us berry]. Sit- 
uated around an acinus. 
periadenitis (per"e-ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
+ aSyv gland + -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues around a gland. 
periadventitial (per"e-ad-ven-tish'al). Outside 
of the adventitia. 
perialienitis (per-e-a"le-en-i'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
+ L. alie'nus foreign + Gr. -ms inflammation]. 
Inflammation around a foreign body, as a biliary 
concretion. 
periamygdalitis (per"e-am-ig-dal-i'tis) [Gr. irepl 
around + apvySaXr) tonsil + -ins inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the tissue around the tonsil. 
PERIAMYGDALITIS perianal (per-e-a'nal) [Gr. irepl around fl- L. a'nus 
anus]. Located around the anus. 
periangiocholitis (per"e-an"je-o-ko-li'tis). In- 
flammation of the tissues around the bile-ducts, 
or interlobar capillaries of the liver. 
periangioma (per-e-an-je-o'mah) [Gr. irepl around 
+ a.yye'iov vessel fl- -upa tumor]. A tumor which 
surrounds a blood-vessel. 
periangitis (per"e-an-ji'tis) [Gr. irepl around + 
ayye'iov vessel fl- -ins inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the tissue around a blood- or lymphatic 
vessel. 
perianth (per'e-anth) [Gr. irepl around + avOos 
flower]. The floral envelope, including the calyx 
and corolla. 
periaortic (per-e-a-or'tik). Around the aorta. 
periaortitis (per"e-a-or-ti'tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues around the aorta. 
periapical (per-e-a'pik-al). Surrounding the apex 
of the root of a tooth. 
periappendicitis (per"e-ap-en-dis-i'tis) [peri- + 
appendicitis}. Inflammation of the appendix ver- 
miformis and the surrounding tissues, p. de- 
cidua'lis, a condition in tubal pregnancy in 
which, on account of adhesions between the ap- 
pendix and the fallopian tube, decidual cells are 
present in the peritoneum of the appendix. 
periappendicular (per"e-ap-en-dik'u-lar). Around 
the appendix vermiformis. 
periapt (per'e-apt) [Gr. ireplairrov amulet]. A sub- 
stance worn in the belief that it wards off disease. 
periarterial (per-e-ar-te're-al). Around an artery, 
periarteritis (per"e-ar-ter-i'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
fl- aprripla artery fl- -ms inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the tissues around an artery, p. 
nodo'sa, a variety producing thickening of the 
coats of the artery, with nodular swellings. 
periarthric (per-e-ar'thrik) [Gr. irepl around fl- 
apOpov joint]. Around a joint. 
periarthritis (per"e-ar-thri'tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues around a joint. 
periarticular (per"e-ar-tik'u-lar) [Gr. irepl around 
fl- L. artic'ulus joint]. Situated around a joint. 
periatrial (per-e-a'tre-al). Around the atrium or 
auricle of the heart. 
periauricular (per-e-aw-rik'u-lar). i. Around an 
auricle of the heart. 2. Around the concha of the 
ear. 
periaxial (per-e-aks'e-al) [Gr. irepl around fl- bfav 
axis]. Situated around an axis. 
periaxillary (per-e-aks'il-a-re). Situated around 
the axilla. 
periaxonal (per-e-aks'o-nal) [Gr. irepl around fl- 
axon]. Occurring around an axon. 
periblast (per'e-blast) [Gr. irepl around fl- (dXaaros 
germ]. The protoplasm of a cell outside of the 
nucleus. 
periblepsis (per-e-blep'sis) [Gr. irepl around fl- 
^Xexpis looking]. The staring expression of an in- 
sane person. 
peribronchial (per-e-brong'ke-al). Situated 
around a bronchus. 
peribronchiolar (per-e-brong-ki'o-lar). Around 
the bronchioles. 
peribronchiolitis (per"e-brong-ke-o-li'tis). In- 
flammation of the tissues around the bronchioles. 
peribronchitis (per"e-brong-ki'tis). Inflammation 
of the investment of a bronchus or bronchial tube. 
peribulbar (per-e-bul'bar). Surrounding the bulb 
of the eye. 
peribursal (per-e-ber'sal). Surrounding a bursa, 
pericsecal (per-e-se'kal). See pericecal. 
pericsecitis (per-e-se-si'tis). Same as pericecitis. 
pericanalicular (per"e kan-al-ik'u-lar). Occur- 
ring around canalicuh. 
PERIANAL 
822 
pericapsular (per-e-kap'su-lar). Surrounding a 
capsule. 
pericardectomy (per"e-kar-dek'to-me). Pericar- 
diectomy. 
pericardiac, pericardial (per-e-kar'de-ak, per-e- 
kar'de-al). Pertaining to the pericardium. 
pericardicentesis (per-e-kar"dis-en-te'sis) [Gr. 
irepiKap6iov pericardium fl- Keurijais puncture]. 
The surgical puncture of the pericardium. 
pericardiectomy (per^e-kar-de-ekTo-me) [peri- 
cardium fl- Gr. eKTopr) excision]. Complete re- 
moval of the pericardium. 
pericardiocentesis (per-e-kar"de-o-sen-te'sis). 
Pericardicentesis. 
pericardiomediastinitis (per-e-kar"de-o-me-de- 
as-tin-i'tis). Pericarditis with mediastinitis; in- 
flammation of the pericardium and mediastinum. 
pericardiophrenic (per-e-kar"de-o-fren'ik). Per- 
taining to the pericardium and the diaphragm. 
pericardiopleural (per-e-kar"de-o-plu'ral). Per- 
taining to the pericardium and the pleura. 
pericardiorrhaphy (per"e-karrde-or/af-e) [peri- 
cardium + Gr. patpv suture]. The operation of 
suturing a wound in the pericardium. 
pericardiotomy (per"e-kar-de-ot'o-me) [Gr. irepi- 
Kapbwv pericardium fl- repveiv to cut]. Surgical 
incision of the pericardium. 
pericarditic (per"e-kar-dit'ik). Pertaining to peri- 
carditis. 
pericarditis (per"e-kar-di'tis) [Gr. irepiKap8iov 
pericardium]. Inflammation of the pericardium. 
The disease is attended by elevation of tempera- 
ture, pain in the precordial region, rapid pulse, 
cough, and dyspnea. The pericardium is covered 
with fibrinous deposits, giving it a roughened 
surface, which causes a friction-murmur occur- 
ring with the heart-beats. Later effusion into 
the sac takes place, producing bulging of the 
precordia and an area of dulness. adhesive p., 
that in which the two layers of the pericardium 
adhere to each other, p. calculo'sa, pericarditic 
calcareous deposit in the pericardium, p. callo'- 
sa, a variety of chronic fibrous pericarditis marked 
by facial cyanosis, edema, and full, tortuous jugular 
veins, without pulsation and without typical signs 
of pericarditis. It occurs during childhood, 
carcinomatous p., that which is associated with 
malignant disease of the pericardium, dry p., 
that in which there is no effusion, p. episteno- 
car'dica, the symptom-complex of stenocardia, 
fever, pericarditis, and myocardial insufficiency 
(Sternberg), external p., that which chiefly 
affects the outer surface of the pericardium, p. 
exter'na et inter'na, inflammation of the 
outer and inner surfaces of the pericardium, 
fibrous p., a chronic pericarditis in which the 
adhesions become replaced by fibrous bands, 
hemorrhagic p., that in which there is a 
bloody exudate, localized p., a form with 
white or milky spots, mediastinal p., inflam- 
mation of the exterior surface of the pericardium 
and the mediastinal tissue, obliterating p., an 
adherent pericarditis which leads to the oblitera- 
tion of the pericardial cavity, purulent p., a 
form with effusion of a purulent fluid, sero- 
fibrinous p., a variety attended with a serous 
fluid effusion containing a little fibrin, tuber- 
culous p., a variety caused by tuberculous dis- 
ease. 
pericardium (per-e-kar'de-um) [L.; Gr. irepl 
around + KapSla heart]. The membranous sac 
which contains the heart. It consists of an ex- 
ternal layer of dense fibrous tissue derived from 
the cervical fascia, and an inner serous layer (vis- 
ceral p., cardiac p., or epicardium), which sur- 
rounds the heart directly and is reflected over 
the inner surface of the fibrous coat, forming the 
parietal p. The base of the pericardium is at- 
tached to the central tendon of the diaphragm, 
and the cavity of the pericardium contains from 
PERICARDIUM 5 to 20 c.c. of a thin, serous liquid, the pericardial 
fluid, bread-and-butter p., a pericardium 
having a peculiar appearance, produced by the 
rubbing together of its two surfaces in fibrinous 
pericarditis, parietal p., that fold of the peri- 
cardium which is not in contact with the heart, 
shaggy p., a pericardium with a shaggy coat of 
fibrinous exudate, visceral p., the epicardium; 
the fold of the pericardium which is in contact 
with the heart. 
pericardosis (per"e-kar-do'sis). Infection of the 
pericardium. 
pericardotomy (per"e-kar-dot'o-me). Same as 
pericardiotomy. 
pericarp (per'e-karp) [Gr. irepi around 4- Kaptros 
fruit]. The seed vessel or ripened ovary of a flower. 
pericaryon (per-e-kar'e-on). See perikaryon. 
pericecal (per-e-se'kal). Surrounding the cecum, 
pericecitis (per-e-se-si'tis). Inflammation of the 
tissues around the cecum. 
pericellular (per-e-sel'u-lar) [Gr. irepi around 4- 
L. cd'lula cell]. Surrounding a cell. 
pericemental (per-e-se-men'tal). Pertaining to the 
pericementum. 
pericementitis (per"e-se-men-ti'tis) [Gr. irepi 
around 4- L. ccemen'tum cement + Gr. -iris inflam- 
mation]. Periodontitis; inflammation of the peri- 
cementum. chronic suppurative p., pyorrhea 
alveolaris. 
pericementoclasia (per-e-se-men-to-kla'se-ah) 
[pericementum 4- Gr. KXams breaking]. Disin- 
tegration of the pericementum and alveolar bone 
without loss of the overlying gingival tissue. It 
results in pocket formation. Cf. pyorrhea alveolaris. 
pericementum (per"e-se-men'tum) [Gr. irepi 
around 4- L. ccemen'tum cement]. The mem- 
brane or tissue which occupies the space between 
the root of a tooth and the alveolus of the jaw. 
Called also peridental membrane, dental periosteum, 
periodontium, and alveolodental membrane. 
pericentral (per-e-sen'tral). Surrounding a center, 
pericephalic (per"e-sef-al'ik). Surrounding the 
head. 
pericerebral (per-e-ser'e-bral). Surrounding the 
brain. 
perichareia (per"e-kar-i'ah) [Gr. irepixa-peaa}- In- 
sane and vehement rejoicing. 
pericholangitis (per"e-ko-lan-ji'tis) [Gr. irepi 
around 4- XoXi) bile 4- ayyelov vessel]. Inflam- 
mation of the tissues that surround a bile-duct. 
pericholecystitis (per"e-ko"le-sis-ti'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the tissues around the gall-bladder. 
perichondrial (per-e-kon'dre-al). Pertaining to 
or composed of perichondrium. 
perichondritis (per"e-kon-dri'tis). Inflammation 
of the perichondrium. 
perichondrium (per-e-kon'dre-um) [Gr. irepi 
around 4* xbvbpos cartilage]. The membrane 
which covers the surface of a cartilage. It is a 
layer of white, fibrous tissue prolonged over the 
cartilage from neighboring parts. 
perichondroma (per"e-kon-dro'mah). A tumor 
arising from the perichondrium. 
perichord (per'e-kord). The investing sheath of 
the notochord. 
perichordal (per-e-kor'dal) [Gr. irepi around 4- 
X°pbv cord]. Situated around the notochord. 
perichorioidal (per"e-ko-re-oi'dal). Perichoroidal, 
perichoroidal (per"e-ko-roi'dal). Surrounding 
the choroid coat. 
perichrome (per'e-krom) [Gr. irepi around 4- 
XP&pa color], A nerve-cell in which the Nissl 
bodies are arranged in rows beneath the cell mem- 
brane. Cf. arkyochrome, gyrochrome, and sticho- 
chrome. ■ 
perichymate (per-e-ki'mat). An enamel prism. 
periclasia (per-e-kla'se-ah). Same as peridon- 
toclasia. 
PERICARDOSIS 
823 
periclaustral (per-e-klaws'tral). Around the claus- 
trum of the brain. 
pericolitis (per"e-ko-li'tis) [Gr. irepi around 4- 
koXov colon]. Inflammation around the colon, 
especially of the peritoneal coat of the colon, 
p. dex'tra, pericolitis affecting the ascending 
colon. membranous p. See Jackson's mem- 
brane, under membrane, p. sinis tra, inflamma- 
tion of the surrounding connective tissue and peri- 
toneum at the lower part of the descending colon. 
It is comparable to appendicitis, except for its situ- 
ation on the left side. 
pericolonitis (per"e-ko-lon-i'tis). Same as peri- 
colitis. 
pericolpitis (per"e-kol-pi'tis) [Gr. irepi around + 
koXttos vagina]. Inflammation of the tissues 
around the vagina. 
Peric'oma townsvillen'sis. A fly allied to the 
phlebotomus flies of the family Psychodidae found 
in Australia, which bites very severely. 
periconchal (per-e-kongTal) [Gr. irepi around + 
Koyxv concha]. Situated around the concha. 
periconchitis (per"e-kong-ki'tis) [Gr. irepi around 
+ Koyxv eye-socket]. Inflammation of the lining 
of the orbit. 
pericorneal (per-e-kor'ne-al). Surrounding the 
cornea. 
pericoxitis (per-e-koks-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues about the hip-joint. 
pericranial (per-e-kra'ne-al). Pertaining to the 
pericranium. 
pericranitis (per"e-kra-ni'tis) [see pericranium]. 
Inflammation of the periosteum of the skull. 
pericranium (per-e-kra'ne-um) [Gr. irepi around + 
Kpavtov cranium]. The cranial periosteum. 
pericystic (per-e-sis'tik). Situated about a cyst. 
pericystitis (per"e-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. irepi around + 
kvcttis bladder]. Inflammation of the tissues 
around the bladder. 
pericystium (per-e-sis'te-um). The vascular en- 
velop of certain cysts. 
pericytial (per-e-sish'al) [Gr. irepi around + kotos 
cell]. Situated around a cell. 
peridectomy (per-e-dek'to-me) [Gr. irepi around 4- 
eKTopi) excision]. Same as peritomy. 
peridendritic (per"e-den-drit'ik). Surrounding 
the dendrites. 
peridental (per-e-den'tal). Same as periodontal. 
peridentium (per-e-den'she-um). Periodontium. 
peridentoclasia (per"e-den-to-kla'se-ah) [Gr. irepi 
around + L. dens tooth + Gr. xAdais breaking]. 
The breaking down of the tissues surrounding the 
teeth. 
periderm (per'e-derm) [Gr. irepi around + Seppa 
skin]. The rete malpighii of the skin. 
peridermal (per-e-der'mal). Pertaining to the peri- 
derm; cuticular. 
peridesmic (per-e-dez'mik). Around a ligament; 
pertaining to the peridesmium. 
peridesmitis (per"e-dez-mi'tis). Inflammation of 
the peridesmium. 
peridesmium (per-e-dez'me-um) [Gr. irepi around 
4* beapcov band]. The areolar membrane which 
covers the ligaments. 
peridiastole (per"e-di-as'to-le) [Gr. irepi around 4~ 
diastole]. The interval between the systole and 
the diastole. 
peridiastolic (per"e-di-as-tol'ik). Prediastolic. 
perididymis (per-e-did'im-is) [Gr. irepi around 4- 
bibvpos testicle]. The tunica vaginalis testis. 
perididymitis (per"e-did-im-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the perididymis. 
peridiverticulitis (per"e-di-ver-tik-u-li'tis). In- 
flammation of structures around a diverticulum 
of the intestine. 
peridontal (per-e-don'tal). Periodontal. 
PERIDONTAL peridontoclasia (per-e-don-to-kla'se-ah). Same as 
periodontoclasia. 
periductal (per-e-duk'tal). Surrounding a duct, 
periduodenitis (per"e-du-o-de-ni'tis). A condition 
marked by a deformed duodenum surrounded and 
fixed by peritoneal adhesions. 
periencephalitis (per"e-en-sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. irepl 
around 4* 'eyKe<pa\os brain]. Inflammation of the 
surface of the brain; meningitis with cortical en- 
cephalitis. 
periencephalomeningitis (per"e-en-sef"al-o- 
men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. irepl around 4- eyKe^aXos. brain 
4- pf/ocy^ membrane]. Chronic inflammation of 
the cerebral cortex and meninges; paresis or 
general paralysis of the insane. 
peri-endothelioma (per"e-en-do-the-le-o'mah). A 
tumor combining the characteristics of a perithe- 
lioma and an endothelioma. 
perienteric (per"e-en-ter'ik). Situated around 
the intestine. 
perienteritis (per"e-en-ter-i'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
4- evi-epov intestine]. Inflammation of the perito- 
neal coat of the intestine. 
perienteron (per-e-en'ter-on) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
evrepou intestine]. The primitive perivisceral 
cavity of the embryo. 
periependymal (per"e-ep-en'dim-al). Situated 
around the ependyma. 
periepithelioma (per"e-ep-e-the-le-o'mah). A 
tumor which sometimes affects the suprarenal 
body, and may lead to a large metastatic growth 
of the liver. 
Perier's operation (per-e-az') [Charles Perier, 
French surgeon, 1838-1914]. See under operation. 
periesophageal (per"e-e-so-fa'je-al). Situated 
around the esophagus. 
periesophagitis (per"e-e-sof-aj-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the tissues around the esophagus. 
perifistular (per-e-fis'tu-lar). Around a fistula. 
perifollicular (per-e-fol-ik'u-lar). Surrounding a 
follicle. 
perifolliculitis (per"e-fol-ik-u-li'tis). Inflamma- 
tion around the hair-follicles. 
perigangliitis (per"e-gang-le-i'tis). Inflammation 
of tissues around a ganglion. 
periganglionic (per"e-gang-le-on'ik). Situated 
around a ganglion. 
perigastric (per-e-gas'trik). Situated around the 
stomach; pertaining to the peritoneal coat of the 
stomach. 
perigastritis (per"e-gas-tri'tis) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
yaffTilp stomach]. Inflammation of the peritoneal 
coat of the stomach, 
perigemmal (per-e-jem'al). Surrounding a taste- 
bud or other bud. 
periglandular (per-e-glan'du-lar). Surrounding a 
gland or glands. 
periglandulitis (per"e-glan-du-li'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues about a glandule or glandules. 
periglial (per-e-gli'al). Surrounding the glia-cells of 
the brain. 
periglossitis (per-e-glos-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
tissues around the tongue. 
periglottic (per-e-glot'ik). Situated around the 
tongue. 
periglottis (per-e-glot'is) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
yX&TTa. tongue]. The mucous membrane of the 
tongue. 
perihepatic (per"e-hep-at'ik) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
rfirap liver]. Situated or occurring about the liver. 
perihepatitis (per"e-hep-at-i'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
4- rjirap liver]. Inflammation of the peritoneal 
capsule of the liver, p. chron'ica hyperplas'- 
tica, a disease in which the peritoneal covering 
of the liver becomes converted into a white mass 
resembling the icing of a cake. Called frosted 
liver, icing liver, zuckerguss-leber, etc. 
PERIDONTOCLASIA 
824 
perihernial, periherniary (per-e-her'ne-al, per- 
e-her'ne-a-re). Situated or occurring around a 
hernia. 
perihysteric (per-e-his-tefik) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
varepa uterus]. Around the uterus. 
peri-insular (per-e-in'su-lar). Surrounding an 
insula, particularly the island of Reil. 
perijejunitis (per"e-jej-u-hi'tis). Inflammation 
around the jejunum. 
perikaryon (per-e-kar'e-on) [Gr. irepl around + 
Kapyov nucleus]. The main protoplasmic mass 
of a cell; the cell-body as distinguished from the 
. nucleus and the processes. 
perikeratic (per-e-ker-at'ik). Surrounding the. 
cornea. 
perilabyrinth (per-e-lab'ir-inth). The tissues that 
surround the labyrinth of the ear. 
perilabyrinthitis (per"e-lab-ir-in-thi'tis). In- 
flammation of the tissues around the labyrinth. 
perilaryngeal (per"e-lar-in'je-al). Situated around 
the larynx. 
perilaryngitis (per"e-lar-in-ji'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
+ Xdpvy^ larynx]. Inflammation of the areolar 
tissue around the larynx. 
perilenticular (per-e-len-tik'u-lar). Surrounding 
the crystalline lens. 
periligamentous (per"e-lig-am-en'tus). Around a 
ligament. 
perilobar (per-e-lo'bar). Surrounding a lobe. 
perilymph (per'e-limf) [Gr. irepl around + L. 
lyin'pha lymph]. The fluid contained in the 
space between the osseous and the membranous 
labyrinth of the ear. 
perilymphadenitis (per"e-lim-fad-en-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the tissues around a lymph-gland. 
perilymphangeal (per"e-lim-fan'je-al). Around a 
lymphatic vessel. 
perilymphangitis (per"e-lim-fan-ji'tis). Inflam- 
mation around a lymphatic vessel. 
perilymphatic (per"e-lim-fat'ik). i. Pertaining 
to the perilymph. 2. Located around a lym- 
phatic vessel. 
perimastitis (per"e-mas-ti'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
4- paaros breast]. Inflammation of the connec- 
tive tissue around the mammary gland. 
perimedullary (per-e-med'u-la-re). Surrounding 
the medulla oblongata or the marrow of a bone. 
perimeningitis (per"e-men-in-ji'tis) [Gr. irepl 
around 4- prjvcy^ membrane]. Inflammation of 
the dura; pachymeningitis. 
perimeter (per-im'et-er) [Gr. irepl around + perpov 
measure]. 1. The line that bounds any plane 
figure. _ 2. An instrument for measuring the field 
of vision, bed-p., a perimeter for examining 
the eyes of bed-ridden patients, dental p., an 
instrument for measuring the circumference of a 
tooth. 
perimetric (per-e-met'rik). Pertaining to the peri- 
metrium. 
perimetritic (per"e-met-rit'ik). Pertaining to peri- 
metritis. 
perimetritis (per"e-me-tri'tis) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
pr^Tpa uterus]. Inflammation of the perimetrium. 
perimetrium (per-e-me'tre-um) [Gr. irepl around 
+ p-qrpa womb]. The peritoneal covering of the 
uterus. 
perimetrosalpingitis (per-e-met"ro-sal-pin-ji'tis). 
Pelvic inflammation, including perimetritis, para- 
metritis, perisalpingitis, etc. 
perimetry (per-im'et-re) [Gr. irepl around + pe- 
t pov measure]. The measuring of the field of 
vision. 
perimyelis (per-e-mi'el-is) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
pveXos marrow]. Same as endosteum. 
perimyelitis (per"e-mi-el-i'tis). 1. Inflammation 
of the perimyelis. 2. Spinal meningitis. 
perimyo-endocarditis (per-e-mi"o-en-do-kar-di'- 
tis). Pericarditis associated with myocarditis 
and endocarditis. 
PE RI MYO-ENDOCARDITIS PERIOOPHOROSALPINGITIS 
perimysial (per-e-mis'e-al). Pertaining to the 
perimysium. 
perimysiitis, perimysitis (per"e-mis-e-i'tis, -mis- 
i'tis). Inflammation of the perimysium. 
perimysium (per-e-mis'e-um) [Gr. irepl around + 
pys muscle]. The delicate sheath of connective 
tissue that surrounds each fasciculus of muscular 
fiber. 
perineaum (per-e-ne'um). See perineum. 
perineal (per-e-ne'al). Pertaining to the perineum, 
perineauxesis (per"in-e-awks-e'sis) [Gr. ireplvaiov 
perineum + av^qais increase]. Same as colpo- 
perineorrhaphy. 
perineocele (per-e-ne'o-sel) [Gr. ireplvaiov perineum 
+ K-qXr) hernia]. A hernia lying between the 
rectum and the prostate, or between the rectum 
and vagina; perineal hernia. 
perineocolporectomyomectomy (per-e-ne"o- 
kol"po-rek"to-mi-o-mek'to-me) [perineum 4- Gr. 
koXttos vagina + rectum + myoma + Gr. eKrop-q 
excision]. Removal of a myoma by cutting the 
perineum, vagina, and rectum. 
perineoplasty (per-e-ne'o-plas-te) [Gr. ireplvaiov 
perineum + TrXdaaeii' to shape]. Plastic surgery 
of the perineum. 
perineorrhaphy (per"e-ne-or'a-fe) [Gr. ireplvaiov 
perineum + patpq suture]. Suturation of the 
perineum, performed for the repair of a lacera- 
tion. 
perineoscrotal (per-e-ne-o-skro'tal). Pertaining 
to the perineum and scrotum. 
perineostomy (per-e-ne-os'to-me) [perineum + Gr. 
mb pa a mouth]. Urethrostomy through the 
perineum: called also Poncet's operation. 
perineosynthesis (per-e-ne"o-sin'the-sis) [Gr. 
ireplvaiov perineum + avvdeais a placing together]. 
Surgical restoration of a completely lacerated 
perineum. 
perineotomy (per"e-ne-ot'o-me) [Gr. ireplvaiov 
perineum + ropq to cut]. A surgical incision 
through the perineum anteroposteriorly. 
perineovaginal (per-e-ne"o-vaj'in-al). Pertaining 
to the perineum and the vagina. 
perineovaginorectal (per-e-ne"o-vaj"in-o-rek'- 
tal). Pertaining to the perineum, vagina, and 
rectum. 
perineovulvar (per-e-ne-o-vul'var). Pertaining to 
the perineum and the vulva. 
perinephrial (per-e-nef're-al). Pertaining to the 
perinephrium. 
perinephric (per-e-nef'rik) [Gr. irepl around + 
ve<ppbs kidney]. Situated or occurring around 
the kidney. 
perinephritic (per"e-nef-rit'ik). Pertaining to or 
caused by perinephritis. 
perinephritis (per"e-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. irepl around + 
veippbs kidney + -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the perinephrium. It is marked by fever, 
local pain, and tenderness on pressure. 
perinephrium (per-e-nef're-um) [Gr. irepl around 
+ veippbs kidney]. The peritoneal envelop and 
other tissues around the kidney. 
perineum (per-e-ne'um) [Gr. ireplvaiov]. The 
space, or area, between the anus and the genital 
organs. It is limited in front by the pubic arch, 
behind by a line joining the tuberosities of the ischia, 
and on either side by the rami of the ischium. It 
is occupied by the urethra and vagina in the female, 
and by various muscles, nerves, and vessels. 
perineural (per-e-nu'ral). Surrounding a nerve or 
nerves. 
perineurial (per-e-nu're-al). Pertaining to the 
perineurium. 
perineuritic (per-e-nu-rit'ik). Pertaining to or 
suffering from perineuritis. 
perineuritis (per"e-nu-ri'tis). Inflammation of 
the perineurium. 
PERIMYSIAL 
825 
perineurium (per-e-nu're-um) [Gr. irepl around + 
vevpov nerve]. The sheath which incloses each 
funiculus of a nerve-fiber. See nerve. 
perinuclear (per-e-nu'kle-ar). Situated or occur- 
ring around a nucleus. 
periocular (per-e-ok'u-lar). Situated or occurring 
around the eye. 
period (pe're-od) [Gr. Trepl around + doos way]. An 
interval or division of time; the time for the reg- 
ular recurrence of a phenomenon, half-life p., 
the period after which half of a radio-active ele- 
ment is so transformed that it is no longer of 
therapeutic potency, incubation p., the period 
of time between the moment of entrance of the 
infecting organism into the body and the first 
appearance of the symptoms of the consequent 
disease, intersystolic p., the atriocarotid in- 
terval. See under interval, monthly p., the 
time of menstruation, presphygmic p., a 
short period (0.07 to 0.09 second) early in the 
systole of the ventricles when both the auriculo- 
ventricular and semilunar valves are closed. Dur- 
ing this period the blood flow in the auricles and 
ventricles ceases, reaction p., the stage of rally- 
ing from shock after trauma, refractory p.( a 
short period succeeding the time at which a nerve 
or muscle enters into a condition of functional 
activity during which the nerve or muscle does 
not respond to a second stimulus. 
periodic (pe-re-od'ik) [Gr. irepiobiKos]. Recurring 
at certain intervals. 
periodicity (per"e-o-dis'it-e). Recurrent at reg- 
ular intervals of time, filarial p., the periodic 
recurrence every night of filaria in the blood of a 
person who has been infected. 
periodocasein (per-i"o-do-ka'se-in). An iodin 
and casein preparation for use in goiter and myx- 
edema. 
periodontal (per"e-o-don'tal) [Gr. irepl around + 
obovs tooth]. Situated or occurring around a 
tooth. 
periodontia (per-e-o-don'she-ah) [Gr. irepl around 
+ obovs tooth]. That branch of dentistry which 
treats of the periodontal tissues and its diseases. 
periodontist (per-e-o-don'tist). A dentist who 
specializes in periodontia. 
■ periodontitis (per"e-o-don-ti'tis). Inflammation 
of the periodontium, apical p., periodontitis of 
the apex of the root of a tooth. 
periodontium (per"e-o-don'she-um) [Gr. irepl 
around + 66ov$ tooth]. See pericementum. 
periodontoclasia (per"e-o-don-to-kla'se-ah) [Gr. 
irepl around + 680vs tooth + nXaais breaking]. De- 
struction of periodontal tissue; pyorrhea alveolaris. 
periodontology (per-e-o-don-tol'o-je) [Gr. irepl 
around obovs tooth + Xbyos treatise]. That 
department of dentistry which treats of disorders 
and diseases of the peridontal tissues. 
periodoscope (pe-re-od'o-skop) [Gr. irepl around 
+ 080s way + aKoirelv to view]. A calendar or dial 
indicating the probable date of parturition. 
periomphalic (per-e-om-fal'ik) [Gr. irepl around 
-T optpaXos navel]. Around the umbilicus. 
perionychia (per"e-o-nik'e-ah). Same as peri- 
onychium. 
perionychium (per"e-o-nik'e-um) [Gr. irepl around 
+ ovv^ nail]. The epidermis bordering a nail. 
perionyx (per-e-o'niks) [Gr. irepl around + ow£ 
nail]. A relic of the epony chi um persisting as a 
band across the root of the nail, seen in the eighth 
month of fetal life. 
perionyxis (per"e-o-niks'is) [Gr. irepl around + 
ovv^ nail]. Inflammation of the skin surrounding 
a finger- or toe-nail. 
perioophoritis (per"e-o-of-o-ri'tis) [Gr. irepl around 
+ (Pop egg + <pepeiv to bear]. Inflammation of the 
peritoneum around the ovary. 
perioophorosalpingitis (per"e-o-of"o-ro-sal-pin- 
ji'tis) [Gr. irepl around + <pop egg + <pepeiv to bear 4- aaXTriv^ tube]. Inflammation of the tissues 
around the ovary and oviduct. 
periodthecitis (per-e-o"o-the-si'tis) [Gr. irepl 
around + cpoOijKij ovary + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the peritoneum around the ovary. 
perioothecosalpingitis (per-e-o"o-the-ko-sal-pin- 
ji'tis) [Gr. irepl around + &oOt)kt) ovary + aaX- 
iriv^ tube 4- -ins inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the tissues around the ovary and fallopian tube. 
periophthalmia (per-e-of-thal'me-ah). Same as 
periophthalmitis. 
periophthalmic (per"e-of-thal'mik). Situated 
around the eye. 
periophthalmitis (per"e-of-thal-mi'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the tissues around the eye. 
periople (per'e-o-pl) [Gr. irepl around 4- oirXov 
hoof]. The smooth, shiny layer on the outer sur- 
face of the hoofs of animals. Called also perioplic 
band and coronary frog band. 
perioptometry (per"e-op-tom'et-re) [Gr. irepl 
around 4- birr os visible + perpov measure]. The 
measurement of the peripheral acuity of vision 
or of the limits of the visual field. 
perioral (per-e-o'ral) [Gr. irepl around 4- L. os 
mouth]. Situated or occurring around the 
mouth. 
periorbit (per-e-or'bit). Periorbita. 
periorbita (per-e-or'bit-ah) [Gr. irepl around 4- L. 
or'bita orbit]. The periosteum of the eye-socket. 
periorbital (per-e-or'bit-al). Situated around the 
eye-socket. 
periorbititis, periorbitis (per"e-or-bit-i'tis, per"- 
e-or-bi'tis). Inflammation of the periorbita. 
periorchitis (per''e-or-ki'tis) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
bpx<-s testis + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the tunica vaginalis testis, p. adhaesi'va, a 
variety in which the two layers of the tunica vagi- 
nalis are more or less adherent. 
periost (per'e-ost). Same as periosteum. 
periosteal (per-e-os'te-al). Pertaining to the peri- 
osteum. 
periosteitis (per"e-os-te-i'tis). Same as periostitis. 
periosteodema (per-e-os"te-o-de'mah). Same as 
periosteo-edema. 
periosteo-edema (per-e-os"te-o-e-de'mah). Edema 
of the periosteum. 
periosteoma, periostoma (per"e-os-te-o'mah, 
per"e-os-to'mah). A morbid bony growth sur- 
rounding a bone. 
periosteomedullitis, periostomedullitis (per- 
e-os"te-o-med-ul-i'tis, per-e-os"to-med-ul-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the periosteum and the marrow. 
periosteomyelitis (per-e-os"te-o-mi-e-li'tis) [Gr. 
irepl around + bareov bone 4* pveXos marrow 4- 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of the entire 
bone, including periosteum and marrow. 
periosteophyte (per-e-os'te-o-fit) [periosteum 4- 
Gr. <pvrov growth]. A bony outgrowth on the 
periosteum. 
periosteosis (per-e-os-te-o'sis). The development 
of periosteomas. 
periosteotome (per-e-os'te-o-tom) [Gr. irepl around 
4- bareov bone + repveiv to cut]. An instrument 
for cutting the periosteum; also an instrument for 
separating the periosteum from the bone. 
periosteotomy (per"e-os-te-ot'o-me) [Gr. irepl 
around 4- bareov bone 4- to pi) a cut]. Surgical 
incision or slitting of the periosteum. 
periosteous (per-e-os'te-us). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of periosteum. 
periosteum (per-e-os'te-um) [Gr. irepl around 4- 
bareov bone]. The tough fibrous membrane sur- 
rounding a bone. It adheres to the surface of 
the bones, excepting at their cartilaginous ex- 
tremities. It consists of two closely united lay- 
ers, the outer one made up of connective tissue, 
with occasionally a few fat-cells; the inner one 
PERIOOTHECITIS 
826 
of fine elastic fibers, forming a dense network, 
p. alveola're [BNA], alveolar p., the perio- 
dontium. dental p. Same as pericementum. 
periostitis (per"e-os-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, 
and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the 
bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is 
due to infection, and is characterized by diffuse 
suppuration, severe pain, constitutional symp- 
toms, and usually results in necrosis, p. albu- 
mino'sa, albuminous p., a form accompanied 
by the exudation of a clear, albuminous liquid into 
a flattened cavity beneath the periosteum; called 
also serous abscess and periosteal ganglion, dental 
p., inflammation of the dental periosteum, dif- 
fuse p., a non-circumscribed periostitis of the long 
bones, hemorrhagic p., a form in which blood 
is extravasated beneath the periosteum, p. in- 
ter'na cra'nii, inflammation of the endocranium; 
external pachymeningitis, precocious p., syph- 
ilitic osteoperiostitis occurring as an early symp- 
tom. 
periostoma (per-e-os-to'mah). Periosteoma. 
periostomedullitis (per-e-os"to-med-u-li'tis). See 
periosteomedullitis. 
periostosis (per"e-os-to'sis). A bony growth 
formed about a bone. 
periostosteitis (per"e-os-tos-te-i'tis). Periostitis 
and osteitis occurring together. 
periostotome (per-e-os'to-tom). Same as perios- 
teotome. 
periostotomy (per"e-os-tot'o-me). Same as per- 
iosteotomy. 
periotic (per-e-o'tik) [Gr. irepl around + ous ear], 
i. Situated about the ear, especially the internal 
ear. 2. The petrous and mastoid portions of the 
temporal bone, at one stage a distinct bone. 
periovaritis (per"e-o-var-i'tis). Same as peri- 
oophoritis. 
periovular (per-e-o'vu-lar). Surrounding an ovum, 
peripachymeningitis (per-e-pak"e-men-in-ji'tis) 
[Gr. irepl around 4- Traxvs thick + pijviy^ mem- 
brane]. Inflammation of the substance between 
the dura and the bone. 
peripancreatic (per-e-pan-kre-at'ik). Surround- 
ing the pancreas. 
peripancreatitis (per-e-pan"kre-at-i'tis) [Gr. irepl 
around + irayKpeas pancreas]. Inflammation of 
tissues around the pancreas. 
peripapillary (per-e-pap'il-a-re). Situated around 
the optic papilla. 
peripatetic (per"e-pat-et'ik). Walking about, as, 
peripatetic typhoid. 
peripenial (per-e-pe'ne-al). Around the penis. 
peripericarditis (per"e-per-e-kar-di'tis). Inflam- 
mation around the pericardium producing adhe- 
sions of the pericardium to the pleura and chest 
wall. 
periphacitis (per"e-fa-si'tis) [Gr. irepl around + 
<paKos lens + -ires inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the capsule of the eye-lens. 
periphakitis (per-e-fak-i'tis). Periphacitis. 
peripharyngeal (per"e-far-in'je-al). Situated 
around the pharynx. 
peripherad (per-if'er-ad). Toward the periph- 
ery. 
peripheral, peripheric (per-if'er-al, per-if'er-ik). 
Pertaining to or situated at or near the periphery, 
peripheraphose (per-if-er'af-oz). Any aphose 
originating in the peripheral ocular mechanism. 
peripheric (per-if-er'ik). Peripheral. 
peripherocentral (per-if"er-o-sen'tral). Both 
peripheral and central, but primarily or prepon- 
deratingly peripheral. 
peripheroceptor (per-if"er-o-sep'tor). Any one of 
the receptors at the peripheral ends of the sensory 
peripheral neuron which receive the stimulus. 
PERIPHEROCEPTOR PERIPHEROMITTOR 
827 
PERITENDINITIS 
peripheromittor (per-if"er-o-mit'or). A terminal 
mittor placed in connection with the ceptor of a 
muscle-fiber or gland cell which transmits the im- 
pulse to the fiber or cell. 
peripheroneural (per-if"er-o-nu'ral). Pertaining 
to the nerves situated at the surface of the body. 
peripherophose (per-if'er-o-foz) [periphery -f- 
phose]. Any phose originating in the eye or the 
optic nerve. 
periphery (per-if'er-e) [Gr. irepi^epeia; irepi around 
+ ipepeev to bear]. The outward part or surface. 
periphlebitic (per"e-fleb-it'ik). Pertaining to peri- 
phlebitis. 
periphlebitis (per"if-le-bi'tis) [Gr. irepi around + 
<pX&p vein]. Inflammation of the tissues around 
a vein, or of the external coat of a vein. 
periphoria (per-if-o're-ah) [Gr. irepi around + 
<popos bearing]. Same as cyclophoria. 
Periplaneta (per-e-plan-e'tah). A genus of roaches, 
periplast (per'ip-last) [Gr. irepi around + irXa-traeiv 
to mold]. The protoplasm within a cell and 
outside of the nucleus. 
periplastic (per-e-plas'tik). Formed from or relat- 
ing to the periplasm: said of flagella. 
peripleural (per-e-plu'ral). Surrounding the 
pleura. 
peripleuritis (per"e-plu-ri'tis) [Gr. irepi around + 
pleura]. Inflammation of the tissues between 
the pleura and the chest-wall. 
periplocin (per-ip-lo'sin). A crystallizable gluco- 
sid, C30H4SOi2, from Perip'loca grce'ca: it acts like 
digitalin as a heart tonic and slower of the pulse. 
Subcutaneous dose, gr. (0.0007-0.001 gm.). 
peripneumonia (per"ip-nu-mo'ne-ah) [Gr. irepi 
around + irvevpon> lung]. Pneumonia; also 
pleuropneumonia, p. no'tha, a variety of acute 
bronchitis simulating pneumonia; congestion of 
the lungs. 
peripneumonitis (per-e-nu-mo-ni'tis). Peripneu- 
monia. 
peripolar (per-ip-o'lar). Situated about a pole or 
the poles. 
periportal (per-ip-or'tal). Situated around the 
portal vein. 
periproctic (per-e-prok'tik) [Gr. irepi around -]- 
irpwKros anus]. Situated around the anus. 
periproctitis (per"e-prok-ti'tis) [Gr. irepi around 
+ itp&ktbs anus]. Inflammation of the tissues 
surrounding the rectum and anus. 
periprostatic (per"e-pros-tat'ik). Situated about 
the prostate. 
periprostatitis (per"e-pros-ta-ti'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues and structures around the 
prostate gland. 
peripyema (per-e-pi-e'mah) [Gr.]. Suppuration sur- 
rounding a part, as a tooth. 
peripylephlebitis (per"e-pi-le-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. irepi 
around + irvXi) gate + <pX&p vein + -ins inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the tissue about the 
portal vein. 
peripylic (per-e-pi'lik) [Gr. irepi around + irvXi) 
gate]. Around the portal vein. 
peripyloric (per-e-pi-lor'ik). Around the pylorus, 
perirectal (per-e-rek'tal). Around the rectum, 
perirectitis (per"e-rek-ti'tis). Same as periproc- 
titis. 
perirenal (per-e-re'nal) [Gr. irepi around + L. ren 
kidney]. Situated around a kidney. 
perirhinal (per-e-ri'nal) [Gr. irepi around -f- pls 
nose]. Situated about the nose. 
perisalpingitis (per"e-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. irepi 
around -|- adXir 17$ tube]. Inflammation of the 
tissues and peritoneum around an oviduct. 
perisalp ingobvaritis (per"e-sal-ping"o-o-var-i'- 
tis). Inflammation resulting in adherent oviducts 
and ovaries. 
perisalpinx (per-e-sal'pinks). The peritoneal cover 
of the upper border of the oviduct. 
perisclerium (per-e-skle're-um) [Gr. irepi around 
+ aKXijpos hard]. Fibrous tissue surrounding 
ossifying cartilage. 
periscopic (per-is-kop'ik) [Gr. irepi around + 
aKoireiv to see]. Affording a wide range of vision. 
perisigmoiditis (per"e-sig-moi-di'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the peritoneal covering of the sigmoid 
flexure. 
perisinuitis (per"e-si-nu-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the tissues around a sinus. 
perisinuous (per-is-in'u-us). Situated around a 
venous sinus. 
perisinusitis (per-e-si-nu-si'tis). Same as peri- 
sinuitis. 
perispermatitis (per"e-sper-mat-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the tissues about the spermatic cord. p. 
sero'sa, encysted hydrocele of the cord. 
perisplanchnic (per-e-splank'nik) [Gr. irepi 
around + airXdyxvou viscus]. Around a viscus 
or the viscera. 
perisplanchnitis (per'e-splank-ni'tis). Inflamma- 
tion around the viscera; perivisceritis. 
perisplenic (per-e-splen'ik). Occurring around 
the spleen. 
perisplenitis (per"is-ple-ni'tis) [Gr. irepi around + 
airXi)v spleen]. Inflammation of the peritoneal 
coat of the spleen and of the structures around 
it. p. cartilagin'ea, inflammatory overgrowth 
of the capsule of the spleen, causing a thicken- 
ing of cartilaginous hardness. 
perispondylic (per-e-spon-dil'ik). Around a ver- 
tebra. 
perispondylitis (per"is-pon-dil-i'tis) [Gr. irepi 
around + airovSvXos vertebra]. Inflammation of 
the parts around a vertebra. 
Perisporiacea (per-e-spo-re-a'se-a). A family of 
the Ascomycetes including the penicillium and 
aspergillus molds. 
perissad (per-is'ad). Any element or radical with 
an odd-numbered valence. 
peristalsis (per-is-tal'sis) [Gr. irepi around + araX- 
ais contraction]. The worm-like movement by 
which the alimentary canal propels its contents. 
It consists of a wave of contraction passing along 
the tube. A similar form of contraction is seen 
in other tubes that are provided with both longi- 
tudinal and circular muscular fibers, mass p., 
strong peristaltic movements, which last only a 
few seconds, but move the intestinal contents from 
one section of the colon to another, reversed 
p., that which impels the contents of the intestine 
cephalad. 
peristaltic (per-is-tal'tik). Of the nature of per- 
istalsis. 
peristaltin (per-e-stal'tin). A glucosid, CuH18Og, 
of cascara sagrada. 
peristaphyline (per-is-taf'il-in) [Gr. irepi around 
+ aratpvXri uvula]. Situated around the uvula. 
peristaphylitis (per"e-staf-il-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the tissues about the uvula. 
peristrumitis (per"e-stru-mi'tis). Inflammation 
extending from an inflamed goiter to the sur- 
rounding structures. 
peristrumous (per-e-stru'mus). Around or near 
a goiter. 
perisynovial (per"e-si-no've-al). Around a syno- 
vial structure. 
perisystole (per-e-sis'to-le) [Gr. irepi about + sys- 
tole]. The pause after the diastole and before 
the systole. 
perisystolic (per"e-sis-tol'ik). Presystolic. 
peritendineum (per"e-ten-din'e-um). The sheath 
of a tendon. 
peritendinitis (per"e-ten-din-i'tis). Inflammation 
of a tendon-sheath, p. sero'sa. Same as 
ganglion (2d def.). PERITENON 
828 
PERITROCHANTERIC 
peritenon (per-e-te'non) [Gr. irepi around + 
rev&v tendon]. The connective-tissue structures 
associated with a tendon. 
perithecium (per-ith-e'se-um) [Gr. irepi around 
+ Oi)Ki) cover], A cup or flask-shaped envelope 
enclosing the fructification of certain fungi and 
molds. ■ 
perithelial (per-e-the'le-al). Pertaining to the 
perithelium. 
perithelioma (per"e-the-le-o'mah). A tumor of 
the perithelium; a form of tumor appearing to 
spring from the adventitia of the blood-vessels, 
especially of the brain. 
perithelium (per-e-the'le-um) [Gr. irepi around + 
Q-qX-q nipple]. The layer of cells and fibrils that 
surrounds the capillaries and smaller vessels. 
Eberth's p., a partial layer of cells on the ex- 
ternal surface of the capillaries. 
perithoracic (per"e-tho-ras'ik). Surrounding the 
thorax. 
perithyreoiditis (per"e-thi-re-oi-di'tis). Peri- 
thyroiditis. 
perithyroiditis (per"e-thi-roid-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the capsule of the thyroid body. 
peritomist (per-it'o-mist). i. A circumciser. 2. 
A performer of peritomy of any kind. 
peritomize (per-it'o-miz). To perform the opera- 
tion of peritomy upon. 
peritomy (per-it'o-me) [Gr. irepi around + ropii 
cut]. 1. The treatment of pannus by the removal 
of a circular strip of the conjunctiva from around 
the cornea. 2. Circumcision. 
peritoneal (per-it-o-ne'al). Pertaining to the per- 
itoneum. 
peritonealgia (per"it-o-ne-al'je-ah) [peritoneum 
+ Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain in the peritoneum. 
peritoneocentesis (per-it-o"ne-o-sen-te'sis) [per- 
itoneum + Gr. Kevrii<HS puncture]. Puncture , of 
the peritoneal cavity for the purpose of obtaining 
fluid. 
peritoneoclysis (per-it-o"ne-o-kli'sis). Injection 
of water or nutrient fluids into the peritoneal cav- 
ity in anemia or the algid stage of cholera (Sir B. 
W. Richardson, 1854). 
peritoneomuscular (per-it-o-ne"o-mus'ku-lar). 
Pertaining to or composed of peritoneum and 
muscle. 
peritoneopathy (per-it-o-ne-op'ath-e) [peritoneum 
+ Gr. iraOos disease]. Any disease of the perito- 
neum. 
peritoneopericardial (per-it-o-ne"o-per-e-kaF- 
de-al). Pertaining to the peritoneum and peri- 
cardium. 
peritoneopexy (per-it-o'ne-o-peks-e) [peritoneum 
+ Gr. iritis fixation]. Fixation of the uterus by 
the vaginal route. 
peritoneoplasty (per-it-o'ne-o-plas-te) [peritoneum 
+ Gr. irXavaeiv to form]. The operation of cov- 
ering abraded areas with peritoneum. 
peritoneoscope (per-it-o'ne-o-skop). An instru- 
ment for performing peritoneoscopy. 
peritoneoscopy (per-it-o-ne-os'ko-pe) [peritoneum 
-f- Gr. aKoireiv to view]. Examination of the 
peritoneum by an instrument inserted through the 
abdominal wall. 
peritoneotomy (per"it-o-ne-ot'o-me) [peritoneum 
+ Gr. to pi) cut]. Incision into the peritoneum. 
peritoneum (per"it-o-ne'um) [L. peritoneum; Gr. 
irepiThvacov; irepi around -|- reiveiv to stretch]. The 
serous membrane which lines the abdominal 
walls (parietal p.) and invests the contained vis- 
cera. It is a strong, colorless membrane, with 
a smooth surface, and forms a closed sac except 
in the female, in whom it is continuous with the 
mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes, pari- 
etal p., that which lines the abdominal and pel- 
vic walls and the under surface of the diaphragm, 
visceral p., that reflected at various places over 
the viscera, forming a complete covering for the 
stomach, spleen, liver, ascending portion of the 
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, 
sigmoid flexure, upper end of rectum, uterus, 
ovaries; it also partially covers the descending 
and transverse portions of the duodenum, the 
cecum, ascending and descending colon, the mid- 
dle part of the rectum, the posterior wall of the 
bladder, and the upper portion of the vagina. 
The peritoneum serves to hold the viscera in po- 
sition by its folds, some of which form the mesen- 
teries, which connect portions of the intestine 
with the posterior abdominal wall; others, the 
omenta, folds attached to the stomach; and still 
others, the ligaments of the liver, spleen, stomach, 
kidneys, bladder, and uterus. The space between 
the visceral and parietal peritoneums is the perit- 
oneal cavity, which consists of the pelvic perito- 
neal cavity below and the general peritoneal 
cavity above. The general peritoneal cavity 
communicates by the foramen of Winslow with 
the cavity of the great omentum, which is also 
known as the lesser peritoneal cavity. 
peritonism (per'it-o-nizm). A condition of shock 
simulating peritonitis, but without inflammation 
of the peritoneum. 
peritonitis (per"it-o-ni'tis). Inflammation of the 
peritoneum; a condition marked by exudations 
in the peritoneum of serum, fibrin, cells, and 
pus. It is attended by abdominal pain and ten- 
derness, constipation, vomiting, and moderate 
fever, adhesive p., that which is characterized 
by adhesions between the visceral and parietal 
layers, biliary p. See choleperitoneum. cir- 
cumscribed p., that which is limited to a por- 
tion of the peritoneum, p. defor'mans, chronic 
peritonitis producing shortening of the mesen- 
tery so that the intestines are drawn up in loops 
toward the spine, diaphragmatic p., that 
which affects the under, or peritoneal, surface 
of the diaphragm, diffuse p., general p., 
that which is not localized, encysted p., 
peritonitis in which there is a collection of pus or 
serum inclosed by adhesions, fibrocaseous p., 
tubercular peritonitis with fibrous and caseous 
degeneration, general p., inflammation of the 
greater part of the peritoneum, hemorrhagic 
p., that which is attended with hemorrhagic 
effusion, localized p. Same as circumscribed p. 
pelvic p., perimetritis; peritonitis situated in the 
pelvis, puerperal p., that which occurs in child- 
bed. septic p., that which is due to a pyogenic 
microorganism, serous p., that which is attended 
with a copious liquid exudation, silent p., acute 
peritonitis which causes sudden death without be- 
traying its presence by any symptoms, terminal 
p., primary peritonitis in the late stages of a 
wasting disease, traumatic p., simple acute 
peritonitis due to traumatism or injury, tuber- 
culous p., that which accompanies tuberculosis 
of the peritoneum. 
peritonization (per"it-o-niz-a'shun). The opera- 
tion of covering an injured surface of an abdomi- 
nal organ with peritoneum; peritoneoplasty. 
peritonize (per'it-o-nlz). To cover with perito- 
neum. 
peritonsillar (per-e-ton'sil-ar). Situated around 
or near a tonsil. 
peritonsillitis (per"it-on-sil-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the peritonsillar tissues. 
peritracheal (per-e-tra'ke-al). Situated around 
the trachea. 
Peritricha (per-it'rik-ah) [Gr. irepi around + 9pi^ 
hair]. A group of bacteria including those forms 
which are surrounded by flagella. 
peritrichal, peritrichic, peritrichous (per-it'- 
rik-al, per-e-trik'ik, per-it'rik-us) [Gr. irepi around 
+ Opi^ hair]. Having flagella distributed over 
the whole surface: said of microorganisms. 
peritrochanteric (per"e-tro-kan-ter'ik). Situ- 
ated about a trochanter. PERITYPHLIC 
829 
PEROXOL 
perityphlic (per-e-tif'lik) [Gr. irepl around + 
TVtpXov cecum]. Around the cecum. 
perityphlitis (per"e-tif-li'tis) [Gr. irepl around + 
rv<p\bs blind -j- -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the peritoneum surrounding the cecum; 
appendicitis, p. actinomycot'ica, actinomy- 
cosis whose principal seat is pericecal. 
periumbilical (per"e-um-bil'ik-al). Situated 
around the umbilicus. 
periungual (per-e-ung'-wal). Around the nail. 
periureteric (per"e-u-re-ter'ik). About the 
ureter. 
periureteritis (per-e-u"re-ter-i'tis) [Gr. irepl 
around + ovpi)Ti]p ureter + -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the tissues around a ureter. 
periurethral (per"e-u-re'thral). Occurring around ' 
the urethra. 
periurethritis (per"e-u-re-thri'tis) [Gr. irepl 
around + ovpi)0pa urethra + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the tissues around the urethra. 
periuterine (per-e-u'ter-in). Situated around the 
uterus. 
periuvular (per-e-u'vu-lar). Around the uvula, 
perivaginal (per-e-vaj'in-al). Around the vagina, 
perivaginitis (per"e-vaj-in-i'tis). Same as peri- 
colpitis. 
perivascular (per-e-vas'ku-lar). Situated around 
a vessel. 
perivasculitis (per"e-vas-ku-li'tis). Inflammation 
of a perivascular sheath. 
perivenous (per-e-ve'nus). Around a vein. 
perivertebral (per-e-ver'te-bral). Surrounding a 
vertebra. 
perivesical (per-e-ves'ik-al) [Gr. irepl around + L. 
vesi'ca bladder]. Occurring around the bladder. 
perivisceral (per-e-vis'er-al). Occurring around 
a viscus or the viscera. 
perivisceritis (per"e-vis-er-i'tis). Inflammation 
around a viscus or around the viscera. 
perivitelline (per-e-vit-el'in). Situated around a 
vitellus or yolk. 
perixenitis (per-e-zen-i'tis) [Gr. irepl around + 
Zeros strange]. Inflammation occurring around 
a foreign body in a tissue or organ. 
perkinism, perkinsism (per'kin-izm, per'kin- 
sizm) [Elisha Perkins, of Norwich, Connecticut, 
1740-1799]. An obsolete form of metallotherapy; 
the therapeutic use of metallic tractors. 
Perkins' tractor. See perkinism and tractor. 
perleche (per-lesh') [Fr.]. A contagious microbic 
disease attacking the labial commissures of children 
causing them to lick their lips and resulting in a 
thickening and desquamation of the epithelium at 
the corners of the mouth. Sometimes smarting 
fissures are formed. 
Perles' bodies and test (per'laz) [Max Perles, 
German pathologist, 1843-1881]. See body, tests. 
Perlia's nucleus (per'le-ahz) [Richard Perlia, con- 
temporary German oculist]. See nucleus. 
perlingual (per-ling'wal) [L. per through + lin'gua 
tongue]. Through the tongue. The term is applied 
to the administration of medicines which are re- 
sorbed from the surface of the tongue. 
perloid (per'loid). A proprietary form of capsule. 
Perlsucht (perl'sookt) [German], Tuberculosis of 
the mesentery and peritoneum in cattle. 
permanganate (per-man'gan-at). Any salt of 
permanganic acid (q. v. under acid). 
permeable (per'me-ah-bl) [L. per through + mea're 
to pass]. Not impassable; pervious; that may be 
traversed. 
permutit (per-mu'tit). An exchange silicate. A 
glass made by fusing felspar, kaolin, pearl ash, 
and soda. When crushed and placed in water it 
removes the calcium and magnesium from the 
water and gives up, "exchanges," sodium, thus 
softening the water. Its activity can be renewed 
by treating it with io per cent, sodium chlorid. 
pernasal (per-na'sal) [L. per through + na'sus 
nose]. Performed through the nose. 
pernicious (per-nish'us) [L. pernicio'sus]. Tend- 
ing to a fatal issue. 
pernio (per'ne-o). Latin for chilblain. 
pero (pe'ro) [L. "a boot"]. The external layer of the 
olfactory lobe of the brain, giving rise to the ol- 
factory nerves. 
perobrachius (pe-ro-bra'ke-us) [Gr. Tripos maimed 
+ fipaxiw arm]. A fetus with deformed feet and 
arms. 
perocephalus (pe-ro-sef'al-us) [Gr. irppbs maimed 
+ K.e<pa\r) head]. A monster-fetus with a de- 
formed head. 
perochirus (pe-ro-ki'rus) [Gr. iri)pbs maimed 4- 
Xelp hand], A fetus with malformed hands. 
perocormus (pe-ro-kor'mus) [Gr. irppbs maimed 
+ Kopubs body], Perosomus. 
perodactylus (pe-ro-dak'til-us) [Gr. irppbs maimed 
+ 6<xktuXos finger], A fetus with deformity of 
fingers or toes, or both, especially absence of one or 
more digits. 
perogen (per'o-jen). A preparation for making an 
oxygen bath, consisting of a catalyzer and sodium 
perborate wrapped separately. When the two 
substances are mixed in the bath water, oxygen is 
liberated. 
peromelus (pe-rom'el-us) [Gr. vppbs maimed + 
peXos limb]. A fetus with malformed limbs. 
peronseus, peroneus (per-o-ne'us) [Gr. irepbvi) 
pin]. See muscles, table of. 
peronarthrosis (per"o-nar-thro'sis) [Gr. irepbvi) 
pin + apOpov joint]. An articulation in which the 
surfaces are convex in one direction and concave 
in the other. 
perone (per-o'ne) [Gr. irepbvi] brooch]. The fibula, 
peroneal (per-o-ne'al) [Gr. irepbvi) pin]. Pertain- 
ing to the fibula. 
peroneotibial (per-o-ne-o-tib'e-al). Pertaining 
to the fibula and tibia. 
peronin (per'o-nin). A patented white powder, 
C8H5CH2.C(OH).C17H17NO.HC1, a hydrochlorid 
of the benzyl ester of morphin. It is a narcotic, 
nearly free from the harmful effects of morphin: 
used in irritative coughs, as those of phthisis and 
bronchitis. Dose, |-i gr. (0.022-0.066 gm.). 
Peronospora (per-o-nos'po-rah) [Gr. irepbvi] point 
+ cnrbpos seed]. A genus of mildew fungi. P. 
ferra'ni and P. lu'tea have been supposed to cause 
yellow fever. 
pero-olfactorius (pe"ro-ol-fak-to're-us). The 
outer part of the olfactory bulb. 
Per. op. emet. Abbreviation for L. perac'ta opera- 
tio'ne emet'icus, when the action of the emetic is over. 
peropus (pe'ro-pus) [Gr. Tripos maimed fl- ttovs 
foot]. A fetus with malformed limbs. 
peroral (per-o'ral) [L. per through + os, oris, the 
mouth]. Performed through the mouth. 
per os (per os) [L.]. By the mouth. 
peroscols (per-os'kolz). An antiseptic liquid prep- 
aration of hydrogen dioxid, salicylic acid, etc. 
perosomus (pe-ro-so'mus) [Gr. irppbs maimed + 
abbpa body]. A monster-fetus with a body or 
trunk greatly deformed. 
perosseous (per-os'e-us) [L. per through + os bone]. 
Transmitted through bone. 
peroxid (per-oks'id). That oxid of any element 
which contains more oxygen than any other. 
peroxidase (per-oks'id-as). An oxidase which 
reduces hydrogen peroxid to water by liberating 
oxygen. 
peroxol (per-oks'ol). Any compound of hydrogen 
dioxid with such a principle as menthol (forming 
menthoxol) or camphor (camphoxol). peroxydase (per-ok'sid-as). Same as peroxidase. 
peroxydasis (per-ok-si-da'sis). The action pro- 
duced by peroxydase. 
peroxydol (per-ok'se-dol). Sodium perborate. 
perplication (per-plik-a'shun) [L. per through + 
plica're to fold]. The closure of a divided vessel 
by drawing its bleeding end through an incision 
in its own wall. 
perpoena (per-pe'nah). A proprietary analgesic 
and antirheumatic agent; a white powder, said 
to be a coal-tar derivative. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3- 
0.6 gm.). 
per primam (per pri'mam). See per primam in- 
tentionem. 
per primam intentionem (per pri'mam in-ten- 
she-o'nem). Latin for by first intention. 
per rectum (per rek'tum) [L.]. Through or by 
the rectum. 
per salt (per'sawlt). A salt the acid radical of which 
has a higher valence than the protosalt. 
per saltum (per sal'tum) [L.]. By leaps. 
per secundam (per se-kun'dam). See per secun- 
dam intentionem. 
per secundam intentionem (per se-kun'dam 
in-ten-she-o'nem). Latin for by second intention. 
persensitized (per-sen'sit-izd). See under cell. 
perseveration (per-sev-er-a'shun). Persistence 
of one reply or one idea in response to various 
questions. 
persio (per'se-o). Same as cudbear. 
persodin (per-so'din). A proprietary preparation 
of sodium persulphate containing free sulphuric 
acid. 
personal equation (per'so-nal). See equation. 
personality (per-son-al'it-e). That which consti- 
tutes, distinguishes, and characterizes a person, 
psychopathic p., a hereditary tendency to 
mental disorder, shut-in p., a personality which 
habitually responds inadequately to normal social 
appeal. 
perspiration (per-spir-a'shun) [L. perspira're to 
breathe through], 1. Sweating; the functional 
excretion of sweat. 2. Sweat, insensible p., 
the sweat which passes off as an imperceptible 
vapor, sensible p., perspiration which appears 
as moisture upon the skin. 
perstriction (per-strik'shun). Ligation or compres- 
sion of a blood-vessel for the arrest of hemorrhage. 
persulphate (per-sul'fat). A sulphate which con- 
tains more sulphuric acid than the ordinary 
sulphate. 
persulphid (per-sul'fid). A sulphid which con- 
tains more sulphur than the ordinary sulphid. 
per tertiam intentionem (per ter'she-am in- 
ten-she-o'nem). Latin for by third intention. 
Perthes' disease (par'tez) [G. Perthes, German 
physician, born 1869]. Osteochondritis deformans 
juvenalis. 
Pertik's diverticulum (per'tiks) [Otto Pertik, 
Hungarian physician, 1852-1913]. See diverticu- 
lum. 
per tonal (per-to'nal). Acetyl-amido-ethoxy -ben- 
zene, recommended as an antipyretic less toxic and 
more effective than acetphenetidin. 
per tubam (per tu'bam) [L.]. Through a tube: 
chiefly used of the eustachian tube. 
pertussin (per-tus'in). A remedy for whooping- 
cough, asthma, bronchitis, etc.: a syrup prepared 
from the fluidextract of thyme. 
pertussis (per-tus'is) [L. per intensive + tus'sis 
cough]. Same as whooping-cough. 
peruanum (per-u-a'num). An element said to have 
been discovered in 1899 in a mineral from Peru. 
perugen (per'u-jen). A proprietary preparation 
resembling balsam of Peru in appearance and 
action. 
peruol (per'u-ol). A clear, odorless oil, benzyl 
PEROXYDASE 
830 
benzoate, the most active element of balsam of 
Peru: used in scabies. 
peruscabin (per-u-ska'bin). Benzoic acid benzyl 
ester, a crystalline compound, CeHs.CH-j.O.CO.Cg- 
H5: used along with 3 parts of castor oil in scabies. 
Peruvian bark (pe-ru've-an). See Cinchona, p. 
balsam. See balsam of Peru. 
peruvin (pe-ru'vin). Cinnamic alcohol derived from 
Peruvian balsam. 
perversion (per-ver'shun) [L. per through + ver'- 
sio a turning]. A turning aside from the normal 
course; a morbid alteration of function which may 
occur in emotional, intellectual, or volitional fields, 
sexual p., any abnormality of the sexual instinct. 
A person with abnormal sexual instincts is called a 
sexual pervert. 
pervert (per'vert). A perverted person; especially 
a sexual p., or a person who indulges in unnatural 
sexual acts. 
per vi'as natura'les. Latin for by the natural 
ways. 
per vigilium (per vij-il'e-um) [L.]. Sleeplessness; 
insomnia. 
pervious (per've-us) [L. per'vius]. Permeable; 
not impassable; that may be traversed. 
pes (pez), pl. pe'des. 1. Latin for foot. 2. The 
lower or anterior part of the crus cerebri, p. 
accesso'rius, the eminentia collateralis. p. 
anseri'nus, the goose's foot; the terminal radi- 
ation of the facial nerve, p. calca'neus. See 
talipes calcaneus, p. ca'vus, hollow foot; ex- 
cessive curvature or hollowness of the sole of the 
foot. p. corvi'nus, the crow's foot; a set of 
wrinkles at the outer canthus of the eye. p. 
equi'nus. See talipes equinus, p. febric'itans, 
elephantiasis. p. gi'gas, macropodia. p. 
hippocam'pi, the lower end of the hippocam- 
pus major, p. lemnis'ci, a bundle of aberrant 
pyramidal fibers associated with the mesial fillet, 
p. olfacto'rius, the inner layer of the olfactory 
bulb. p. pla'nus, flat-foot; undue flatness of the 
sole and arch of the foot. p. va'rus. See talipes 
varus. 
pessary (pes'ar-e) [L. pessa'rium]. 1. An instru- 
ment placed in the vagina to support the uterus 
or rectum. 2. A medicated vaginal suppository, 
cup-p., a pessary the top of which has a cup-like 
shape to fit over the os uteri. Gariel's p., a 
hollow rubber pessary which can be inflated. 
Gehrung p., a pessary for cystocele. being a 
Hodge pessary bent on itself so as to form a double 
horseshoe, one lever being a little shorter than the 
other. Hodge's p., a pessary for retrodeviations 
of the uterus, lever-p., a pessary which acts on 
the principle of the lever. Menge's p., a ring- 
pessary with a fixed cross-bar holding a detachable 
stem, ring-p., a round or ring-shaped pessary, 
stem-p., a pessary with a stem for introduction 
into the uterine canal. 
pessima (pes'im-ah). A skin disease characterized 
by papules and bordered with inflammatory patches. 
pessimism (pes'im-izm) [L. pes'simus worst]. A 
morbid or insane disposition to put the worst 
construction upon everything, therapeutic p., 
a tendency to undervalue the curative properties 
of drugs. 
pessulum, pessum, pessus (pes'u-lum, pes'sum, 
pes'us) [Gr. irecrabv, weaabs pessary]. Latin names 
for a pessary. 
pest (pest). Same as plague. 
peste-boba (pes'ta-bo'bah). See Trypanosoma 
venezuelense. 
pest-house (pest'hows). A hospital for persons 
with contagious diseases. 
pesticemia, pesticsemia (pes-tis-e'me-ah) [L. 
pes'tis place + Gr. aicta blood]. 1. The presence 
of plague germs (Pasteur ella pestis) in the blood. 
2. Septicemic plague. 
pestiferous (pes-tif'er-us) [L. pestif'erus; pes'tis 
PESTIFEROUS plague + fer're to bear]. Causing or propa- 
gating a pestilence. 
pestilence (pes'til-ens) [L. pestilen'tia]. Any viru- 
lent contagious or infectious epidemic disease; 
also an epidemic of such a disease. 
pestilential (pes-til-en'shal). Of the nature of a 
pestilence; producing an epidemic disease. 
pestis (pes'tis). Latin for plague, p. ma'jor, 
oriental plague of the usual form. p. mi'nor, a 
mild form of oriental plague. 
pestle (pes'l) [L. pestil'lum], An instrument for 
pounding drugs in a mortar. 
petalobacteria (pet"al-o-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. irlEra- 
Xov leaf + bacteria]. Bacteria which become so 
aggregated as to form thin pellicles. 
petalococcus (pet"al-o-kok'us) [Gr. ireraXov leaf 
+ kokkos berry]. Any representative of a group 
of cocci which become so aggregated as to form 
thin pellicles. 
petechia (pe-te'ke-ah) [L.]. A small spot formed 
by the effusion of blood, as in typhus or pur- 
pura. The spots of typhoid are also sometimes 
called petechiae. 
petechial (pe-te'ke-al). Characterized by or of 
the nature of petechiae. 
Peters' ovum (pa'terz) [H. Peters, obstetrician in 
Vienna], See ovum. 
Petersen's bag (pa'ter-senz) [F. Petersen, surgeon 
in Kiel, born 1845]. See bag. 
petiole (pet'e-61) [L. peti'olus, dim. of pes foot]. A 
stem, stalk, or pedicle. 
petit mal (pet-e-mahl') [Fr. " little illness "]. A rela- 
tively mild form of epileptic attack. See epilepsy. 
Petit's canal, triangle (ptez) [1. Francois Pour- 
four du Petit, French anatomist and surgeon, 
1664-1741. 2. Jean Louis Petit, French surgeon, 
1674-1750]. See canal, triangle. 
petits maux (pa-tet' moQ [Fr. "little pains"]. The 
slight pains preluding the beginning of labor. 
petrifaction (pet-rif-ak'shun) [L. pe'tra stone + 
fa'cere .to make]. Conversion into a stone-like 
substance. 
Petri's dishes (pa'trez) [R. J. Petri, German bac- 
teriologist, 1852-1922]. Shallow glass dishes for 
use in bacteriologic work. 
petrissage (pa-tres-sahzh') [Fr.]. A kneading 
action in massage. 
petroccipital (pet-rok-sip'et-al). Petro-occipital, 
petrochondrin (pet-ro-kon'drin). A proprietary 
preparation of mineral oil and Irish moss: used in 
constipation. 
petrogen (pet'ro-jen). A proprietary mineral oil 
preparation which forms an emulsion with water 
and is used as a vehicle for various remedies. 
petrogenous (pet-roj'en-us) [L. pe'tra rock + Gr. 
yew do to producel. Derived from rocks; a term 
applied to the hypothesis that endemic goiter is 
caused by waters impregnated from certain geologic 
formations. 
petrolate (pet'ro-lat). Same as petrolatum. 
petrolatoma (pet-ro-la-to'mah). A tumor develop- 
ing consecutive to injection of liquid petrolatum. 
petrolatum (pet-ro-la'tum) [L.]. A yellowish 
ointment-like substance, a mixture of hydrocar- 
bons of the methane series obtained by distilling 
off the more volatile portions of petroleum. It is 
used as a basis for ointments and as a soothing 
application to the skin. Called also paraffin, 
cosmolin, vaselin, and petroleum jelly, p. al'- 
bum, white petrolatum. Petrolatum which by 
care in preparation is kept white in color, p. 
liq'uidum, liquid paraffin, p. mol'le, p. 
spis'sum, soft petrolatum: petroleum jelly, duro- 
leum, vaselin, or cosmolin. p. sapona'tum liq'- 
uidum, a preparation made by shaking together 
liquid paraffin 10 parts, oleic acid 5 parts, and 
spirit of ammonia 2} parts: used as a solvent for 
PESTILENCE 
831 
iodin, phenol, etc. Called also liquid petrox. 
p. sapona'tum spis'sum, a mixture of oleic 
acid 5 parts, spirit of ammonia 2 J parts, and 
enough paraffin to make 100 parts: used as a 
vehicle for iodin, phenol, etc. Called also solid 
petrox. 
petroleum (pe-tro'le-um) [L. pe'tra stone + o'leum 
oil]. A thick natural oil obtained from wells and 
springs especially dug in the earth. It consists 
of a mixture of various hydrocarbons of the par- 
affin and olefin series. It has been used as an 
expectorant, diaphoretic, and vermifuge; also in 
skin diseases, etc. Dose, 5-10 min. (0.33-0.66 c.c.). 
petrolin (pet'ro-lin). A variety of paraffin from 
petroleum. 
petrolization (pet-rol-i-za'shun). The spreading of 
petroleum on water for the purpose of destroying 
mosquito larvae therein. 
petromastoid (pe-tro-mas'toid) [petrous + mas- 
toid]. 1. Pertaining to the petrous and mastoid 
bones. 2. The periotic bone. 
petromortis (pet-ro-mor'tis). See garage poisoning, 
under poisoning. 
petro-occipital (pe"tro-ok-sip'it-al). Pertaining, 
to the petrous and occipital bones. 
petropharyngeus (pet"ro-far-in'je-us). An occa- 
sional muscle arising from the lower surface of the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone and inserted 
into the pharynx. 
petrosa (pe-tro'sah) [L. "stony"]. The petrous 
portion of the temporal bone. 
petrosal (pe-tro'sal). Pertaining to the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone. 
petrosalpingostaphylinus (pe"tro-sal-pin"go- 
staf-il-i'nus) [Gr. irerpa stone (petrous) + aaX- 
irLy^ tube + oTapvXr) uvula]. The levator palati 
muscle. 
Petroselinum (pe"tro-sel-i'num) [L.; Gr. Trerpa. 
stone + aeXivov parsley]. A genus of umbellif- 
erous plants. See parsley. 
petrosomastoid (pe-tro-so-mas'toid). Same as 
petromastoid. 
petrosphenoid (pe-tro-sfe'noid). Pertaining to the 
sphenoid bone and the petrous portion of the- 
temporal bone. 
petrosphere (pet'ro-sfer). The solid structure of 
the earth as distinguished from the atmosphere and 
the aquasphere. 
petrosquamosal, petrosquamous (pe"tro-skwa- 
mo'sal, pe-tro-skwa'mus). Pertaining to the 
petrous and the squamous portions of the tem- 
poral bone. 
petrostaphylinus (pet"ro-staf-il-i'nus). The le- 
vator palati. See muscles, table of. 
petrosulfol (pe-tro-sul'fol). A proprietary artifi- 
cial ichthyol prepared from petroleum and sulphur. 
In the treatment of skin diseases its action is similar 
to that of ichthyol. 
petrous (pe'trus) [L. petro'sus]. Resembling a 
rock or stone, p. bone, the petrosa, or petrous 
portion of the temporal bone. 
petrox (pe'trox). See petrolatum saponatum. 
petroxolin (pet-rok'so-lin). Petrolatum saponatum. 
Petruschky's litmus whey (pe-trush'kez) 
[Johann Petruschky, German bacteriologist, born 
1863]. See whey. 
Pettenkofer's test (pet'en-kof-erz) [Max von Pet- 
tenkofer, chemist in Munich, 1818-1901]. See tests. 
pexin (peks'in) [Gr. fixation]. Same as lab. 
pexinogen (peks-in'o-jen) [pexin + Gr. yev to pro- 
duce], Same as renninogen. 
Peyer's glands, patches (pi'erz) [Johann Conrad 
Peyer, Swiss anatomist, 1653-1712]. See gland, 
patch. 
Peyrot's thorax (pa-roz') [Jean Joseph Peyrot, 
surgeon in Paris, bom 1843]. See thorax. 
PEYROT'S THORAX Pfannenstiel's incision (fan'en-stel) [gynecolo- 
gist in Breslau, 1862-1909]. See incision 
Pfaundler's reaction (pfownd'lerz) [Meinhard 
Pfaundler, German physician, born 1872]. Man- 
delbaum's reaction. See under reaction. 
Pfeifer's disease (fi'ferz) [Emil Pfeifer, contem- 
porary German physician]. See disease. 
Pfeifferella (fi-fer-el'ah) [named after Richard F. 
J. Pfeifer]. A genus of bacterial organism. They 
are non-motile, Gram-negative rods and produce 
a characteristically honey-like growth on potato, 
P. mal'lei, the organism causing glanders in 
horses and in man. It is a small rod with rounded 
ends which is usually identified by the Strauss re- 
action, q. v., and by agglutination. 
Pfeiffer's bacillus, phenomenon (fi'ferz) [Rich- 
ard Friedrich Johannes Pfeifer, bacteriologist in 
Breslau, bom 1858]. See bacillus and phenomenon. 
Pferderpest (pfer'der-pest) [Ger.]. See horse- 
sickness. 
Pfliiger's law (fle'gerz) [Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm 
Pfluger, physiologist in Bonn, 1829-1910]. See 
law. 
Pfropfhebephrenia (pfropf'he-be-fre'ne-ah) [Ger.]. 
See grafted hebephrenia, under hebephrenia. 
Pfuhl's sign (pfoolz) [Edward Pfuhl, German phy- 
sician, born 1852]. See under sign. 
P. G. Abbreviation of Pharmacopoeia Germanica, 
German Pharmacopeia. 
pH or Ph. The symbol commonly used in ex- 
pressing hydrogen-ion concentration. It signifies 
the logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen-ion 
concentration expressed as a power of ten. 
phacitis (fa-si'tis). Same as phakitis. 
phacocele (fa'ko-sel) [Gr. ipanos lens + KrjXr) hernia]. 
The escape of the eye-lens from its proper place; 
a displaced eye-lens. 
phacocyst (fa'ko-sist) [Gr. <paKos lens 4- Kvar is 
bladder]. The capsule of the lens. 
phacocystectomy (fak"o-sis-tek'to-me) [Gr. <paKos 
lens + Kvaris bladder 4- e kt opr] excision]. Ex- 
cision of a portion of the capsule of the lens for 
cataract. 
phacocystitis (fak"o-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. <pa.Kos lens 4- 
kwttls bladder 4- -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the capsule of the crystalline lens. 
phaco-eresis (fak-o-er-e'sis) [Gr. <pax6s lens 4- 
epr]ais removal]. Removal of the lens in cataract 
by means of suction. 
phacoglaucoma (fa"ko-glaw-ko'mah) [Gr. <pa«6s 
lens 4- glaucoma]. The structural changes in 
the lens produced by glaucoma. 
phacoid (fak'oid) [Gr. <paKos lens 4* ei3os form]. 
Shaped like a lens or a lentil. 
phacoidoscope (fa-koid'os-kop) [Gr. ipaKos lens 4- 
eidos form 4~ aKorreiv to see]. Same as phacoscope. 
phacolysis (fa-kol'is-is). Same as phakolysis. 
phacomalacia (fa"ko-mal-a'she-ah) [Gr. ipaKos lens 
4- paXaKia softness]. Softening of the lens; a 
soft cataract. 
phacometachoresis (fa"ko-met-ah-ko-re'sis) [Gr. 
ipaKos lens 4* per axwpr)<r is displacement]. Dis- 
placement of the eye-lens. 
phacometecesis (fa"ko-met-es-e'sis) [Gr. ipaKos 
lentil 4- peTolKrjvis migration]. Same as phaco- 
metachoresis. 
phacometer (fak-om'et-er) [Gr. ipaKos lens -\-perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the re- 
fractive power of lenses. 
phacoplanesis (fa"ko-plan-e'sis) [Gr. ipaKos lens 4- 
irXavpiris wandering]. Wandering lens; preter- 
natural mobility of the eye-lens. 
phacosclerosis (fa"ko-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. ipaKos lens 
4- aKXr]pbs hard]. Hardening of the eye-lens; a 
hard cataract. 
phacoscope (fa'ko-skop) [Gr. ipaKos lens 4- trKorreiv 
PFANNENSTIEL'S INCISION 
832 
to view]. An instrument for viewing accommo- 
dative changes of the eye-lens. 
phacoscotasmus (fa"ko-sko-taz'mus) [Gr. <paxos 
lens + crKoraapos a clouding]. The clouding of 
the lens of the eye. 
phacotherapy (fak-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. <paKos lens + 
depairela treatment]. Heliotherapy. 
phacozymase (fak-o-zi'mas). A ferment from an 
aqueous extract of the crystalline lens. 
phaeochrome (fe-o'krom). See pheochrome. 
phagedena, phagedaena (faj-e-de'nah) [Gr. <paye- 
baiva; tpayeiv to eat]. Rapidly spreading and 
sloughing ulceration, sloughing p., hospital 
gangrene, tropical p., an infectious phagedena 
occurring in the tropics in repeated attacks. It 
sometimes results in a chronic atonic ulcer. 
phagedenic (faj-e-den'ik) [Gr. tpayebaiviKos]. Rap- 
idly spreading and eating; like phagedena. 
phagedenoma, phagedsenoma (faj"ed-en-o- 
mah) [Gr. <paye6alvcopa]. A phagedenic ulcer. 
phagmesis (fag-me'sis). Presence of feathers in- 
stead of hairs. 
phagocaryosis (fag"o-kar-e-o'sis). Phagokaryosis. 
phagocytable (fag'o-sit-ab-1). Capable of being 
subject to phagocytosis. 
phagocyte (fag'o-sit) [Gr. <pa.yeiv to eat + kvtos 
cell]. Any cell that destroys microorganisms or 
harmful cells by enveloping and absorbing them. 
Phagocytes are either fixed (endothelial cells, etc.) 
or free (leukocytes). The two forms of leukocytes 
which are phagocytic are the large lymphocyte 
(macrophage) and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte 
(microphage), educated p. See educated cor- 
puscle under corpuscle, globuliferous p., one 
which takes up the blood-corpuscles, melan- 
iferous p., one which takes up the blood- 
pigment. 
phagocytic (fag-0-sit'ik). Pertaining to or pro- 
duced by phagocytes. 
phagocytin (fag-o-si'tin). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of nucleic acid employed in septic and venereal 
infections (Rosenberg). 
phagocytoblast (fag-o-si'to-blast) {phagocyte + 
Gr. germ]. A cell which gives rise to 
phagocytes. 
phagocytolysis (fag-o-si-tol'is-is). Destruction of 
phagocytes; also destruction of the phagocytic 
power of leukocytes. 
phagocytolytic (fag-o-si-to-lit'ik). Pertaining to 
phagocytolysis. 
phagocytose (fag-o-si'tos). To envelop and de- 
stroy bacteria and other foreign bodies. 
phagocytosis (fag"o-si-to'sis). The destruction of 
microorganisms and injurious cells by phago- 
cytes. induced p., phagocytosis aided by sub- 
jecting bacteria to the action of blood-serum, 
spontaneous p., phagocytosis of bacteria 
■ taking place in an indifferent medium. 
phagodynamometer (fag"o-di-nam-om'et-er) [Gr. 
tpayeiv to eat + 8 wap is force + perpoo measure.] 
An apparatus for measuring the force exerted in 
chewing food. 
phagokaryosis (fag"o-kar-e-o'sis) [Gr. ymyeii' to 
eat + Kapvov nucleus]. Phagocytic action on the 
part of the cell-nucleus. 
phagolysis (fag-ol'is-is) [Gr. ipayeiv to eat + Xvais 
solution]. The destruction of phagocytes by 
bacteria. 
phagolytic (fag-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to phagolysis. 
phagomania (fag-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. to eat + 
pavla madness]. Insanity characterized by in- 
satiable hunger. 
phagopyrism, phagopyrismus (fag-o-pi'rizm, 
fag"o-pi-riz'mus) [Gr. ipayeiv to eat + irvp fever]. 
A condition of hypersensitiveness to certain foods, 
such as pork, buckwheat, oysters, cheese,_ etc., 
causing symptoms of mild poisoning on the inges- 
tion of such foods. 
PHAGOPYRISM PHAGOPYROSIS 
833 
PHARMACOMANIA 
phagopyrosis (fag"o-pi-ro'sis). Pyrosis follow- 
ing eating. 
phagotherapy (fag-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. <payeiv to eat 
+ Oepcttrela treatment]. Treatment by feeding. 
phagotoxin (fag-o-tok'sin). A proprietary satu- 
rated aqueous solution of oxygen: used in treating 
burns, boils, etc. 
phakitis (fa-ki'tis) [Gr. <paKos lens + -ins inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the eye-lens. 
phakolysis (fak-ol'is-is) [Gr. <paKos lens + Xvais 
destruction]. Discission of the crystalline lens, 
followed by extraction. An operation for the 
relief of high myopia. 
phakometer (fak-om'et-er). See phacometer. 
phakoscope (fa'ko-skop) [Gr. <paKos lentil +aKoireiv 
to view]. See phacoscope. 
phalacrosis (fal-ak-ro'sis) [Gr. <pa.Xa.Kpw<r is bald- 
ness], Same as alopecia. 
phalangeal (fa-lan'je-al). Pertaining to a phalanx, 
phalanges (fa-lan'jez). Plural of phalanx. Dei- 
ters' p., modified cuticular plates forming the 
ends of sustentacular epithelial cells of the reticu- 
lar membrane of the organ of Corti. 
phalangette (fal-an-jet'). The distal phalanx, 
drop p., dropping of the distal phalanx and loss 
of power to extend it when the hand is prone. 
phalangitis (fal-an-ji'tis) [Gr. <pa.Xa.y^ phalanx]. 
Inflammation of one or more phalanges. 
phalanx (fa'lanks), pl. phalan'ges [Gr. <pa\ay^]. i. 
Any bone of a finger or toe. 2. Any one of a 
set of plates disposed in rows which makes up 
the lamina reticularis, ungual p., the terminal 
phalanx of a finger or toe. 
phallalgia (fal-al'je-ah )[Gr. <pa\Xbs penis + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the penis. 
phallaneurysm (fal-an'u-rizm) [Gr. <pa.Wos penis 
+ avevpvapa aneurysm]. Aneurysm of the 
penis. 
phallic (fal'ik) [Gr. ^aXXixos]. Pertaining to the 
penis. 
phalliform (fal'if-orm) [phallus + L. for'ma 
form]. Shaped like the phallus or penis. 
phallin (fal'in). A deadly toxalbumin from Aman- 
i'ta phalloi'des. It breaks up red blood-corpus- 
cles and expels the blood-serum from the bowels. 
There is no known antidote except the transfu- 
sion of fresh blood or of a salt solution. 
phallitis (fal-i'tis) [Gr. <pa\Xbs penis + -iris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the penis. 
phallocampsis (fal-o-kamp'sis) [Gr. <paX\os penis 
+ Kappis bending]. Curvature of the penis when 
erect. 
phallocrypsis (fal-o-krip'sis) [Gr. <paXX6s penis + 
k pop is hiding]. Retraction of the penis. 
phallodynia (fal-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. ^aXXos penis + 
bowr) pain]. Pain in the penis. 
phalloid (fal'oid) [Gr. <pa\\bs penis + «T3os 
form]. Resembling a penis. 
phalloncus (fal-ong'kus) [Gr. <paX\bs penis + byKos 
tumor]. A morbid swelling or tumor of the 
penis. 
phalloplasty (fal'o-plas-te) [Gr. <paXX6s penis + 
irXacrmv to shape]. The plastic surgery of the 
penis. 
phallorrhagia (fal-o-ra'je-ah) [Gr. <paXX6s penis + 
prrjyvvvai to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 
penis. 
phallus (fal'us) [Gr. <paXX6s]. The penis. 
phan (fan) [Gr. <pavepbs evident]. The external 
manifestation or expression of a physical character. 
Cf. gen. 
phanerogenetic, phanerogenic (fan"er-o-jen- 
et'ik, -jen'ik) [Gr. <pavepbs evident + yewav to 
cause]. Having a known cause. Cf. crypto genetic. 
phaneromania (fan"er-o-ma/ne-ah) [Gr. <po.vepbs 
evident + pavla madness]. An obsession of 
abnormal and persistent attention to some ex- 
terior growth, as a wart; nail-biting is an ex- 
ample. 
phaneroscope (fan-e/os-kop) [Gr. <pavepos evident 
+ crKOTreiP to see]. An instrument for illumi- 
nating the skin and rendering it translucent. 
phaneroscopy (fan-er-os'ko-pe). The examina- 
tion of the skin by the phaneroscope. 
phanerosis (fan-er-o'sis) [Gr. ^a^epos evident]. 
The act of becoming visible; the setting free of a 
substance which has previously been undemon- 
strable, owing to its being held in combination. 
phantasia (fan-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. <pavraala appear- 
ance]. An imaginary or illusory appearance. 
phantasm (fan'tazm) [Gr. <pavTaapa appearance]. 
An optical illusion; a vision resulting from dis- 
ease. 
phantasmatology (fan"taz-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. ^dv- 
raapa phantom + Xbyos discourse]. The sum of 
what is known regarding apparitions and phan- 
tasms. 
phantasmatomoria (fan-taz"mat-o-mo're-ah) [Gr. 
^dpracrpa image + popla folly]. Childishness or 
dementia with absurd delusions. 
phantasmology (fan-taz-mol'o-je). Phantasma- 
tology. 
phantasmoscopia (fan"taz-mo-sko'pe-ah) [Gr. 
<pa.vTa.cr pa. image + crKOTceiv to view]. The seeing 
of insane or delirious phantasms. 
phantom (fan'tum) [Gr. <pavTaapa]. i. A phan- 
tasm. 2. A model of the body or of a part there- 
of. Schultze's p., a model of the female pelvis 
used in teaching obstetrics. 
phaochrome (fa'o-krom). See pheochrome. 
phar., pharm. Abbreviations for pharmacy, phar- 
maceutic, and pharmacopeia. 
Phar. D. Abbreviation for Pharmacia: Doctor, 
Doctor of Pharmacy. 
Phar. M. Abbreviation for Pharmacia Magister, 
Master of Pharmacy. 
pharmacal (far'mak-al). Pertaining to pharmacy, 
pharmaceutic, pharmaceutical (far-mas-u'tik, 
far-mas-u'tik-al) [Gr. <pappaKevriKOs\. Pertaining 
to pharmacy or to drugs. 
pharmaceutics (far-mas-u'tiks). The art of the 
apothecary. 
pharmaceutist (far-mas-u'tist). A pharmacist. 
pharmacist (far'mas-ist). An apothecary or drug- 
gist. 
pharmacodiagnosis (far"mak-o-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. 
<pa.ppa.Kov drug + diagnosis]. The employment of 
drugs in the diagnosis of disease. 
pharmacodynamic (far"mak-o-di-nam'ik) [Gr. 
<pa.ppa.Kov medicine + bvvapis power]. Pertaining 
to the effects of medicine. 
pharmacodynamics (far"mak-o-di-nam'iks). The 
study of the action of medicines. 
pharmaco-endocrinology (far"mak-o-en-do- 
krin-ol'o-je). The study of the influence of drugs 
on the activity of the ductless glands. 
pharmacognostics (far-mak-og-nos'tiks). Phar- 
macognosy. 
pharmacognosy (far-mak-og'no-se) [Gr. <pa.ppa.Kov 
medicine + yvwais knowledge]. The study of 
crude medicines. 
pharmacography (far-mak-og'rah-fe) [Gr. <pap- 
paKov drug + ypacpeiv to write]. An account or 
written description of drugs. 
pharmacologist (far-mak-ol'o-jist). One who 
makes a study of drugs, their nature and action. 
pharmacology (far-mak-oEo-je) [Gr. <pa.ppa.Kov 
medicine + Xbyos discourse]. The sum of knowl- 
edge _ regarding drugs; as now used the term is 
restricted to what is known concerning the action 
of drugs, and in this sense it has the same meaning 
as pharmacodynamics. 
pharmacomania (far"mak-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. 
<pa.ppa.Kov drug -p pavla madness]. Insane fond- 
ness for taking or administering medicines. pharmaco-oryctology (far"mak-o-or-ik-tol'o-je) 
[Gr. <pappaKov drug + bpvKrbs mineral + Xbyos 
treatise]. Pharmaceutic mineralogy; the study 
of mineral drugs. 
pharmacopedia, pharmacopedics (far"mak-o- 
pe'de-ah, far"mak-o-pe'diks) [Gr. <pdppaKov drug 
+ iraidefa instruction]. The science which 
deals with the properties and preparations of 
drugs. 
pharmacopeia, pharmacopoeia (far"mak-o-pe'- 
ah) [Gr. <pa.ppaKov medicine + rroieiv to make]. 
An authoritative treatise on drugs and their prepa- 
rations. The United States Pharmacopeia is 
revised and issued every ten years, under the su- 
pervision of a national committee. 
pharmacopeial (far"mak-o-pe'al). Pertaining to 
or recognized by the pharmacopeia. 
pharmacophobia (far"mak-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. <pa.p- 
paKov drug + <pb^os fear]. Insane dread of 
drugs or medicines. 
pharmacopsychosis (far"mak-o-si-ko'sis) [Gr. 
<pappaKov drug 4- psychosis]. Southard's term for 
any one of the group of mental diseases due to alco- 
hol, drugs, or poisons. 
pharmacotherapy (far"mak-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 
<pappaKov drug + OepaireLa treatment]. The treat- 
ment of disease by medicines. 
pharmacy (far'mas-e) [Gr. <pa.ppa.Kov medicine], i. 
The art of preparing and compounding medicines. 
2. An apothecary's shop, chemic p. Same as 
pharmaceutic chemistry, galenic p., the phar- 
macy of vegetable medicines. 
pharyngalgia (far-in-gal'je-ah) [Gr. <pdpvy% phar- 
ynx + aXyos pain]. Pain in the pharynx. 
pharyngeal (far-in'je-al) [L. pharyn' geus}. Pertain- 
ing to the pharynx. 
pharyngectomy (far-in-jek'to-me) [Gr. <papvy^ 
pharynx + eKropr) excision]. Surgical removal of 
a part of the pharynx. 
pharyngemphraxis (far"in-jem-fraks'is) [Gr. 
<papvy% pharynx + epppaips stoppage]. Obstruc- 
tion of the pharynx. 
pharyngismus (far-in-jiz'mus). Muscular spasm 
of the pharynx. 
pharyngitic (far-in-jit'ik). Affected with or of the 
nature of pharyngitis. 
pharyngitis (far-in-ji'tis) [Gr. <papvy^ pharynx]. 
Inflammation of the pharynx, acute p., that 
which is due to cold and exposure. It is attended 
with pain in the throat, especially on swallowing, 
dryness, followed by moisture, of the pharynx, 
congestion of the mucous membrane, and fever. 
Called also catarrhal p. atrophic p., a chronic 
pharyngitis which leads to wasting of the submu- 
cous tissue. catarrhalp. See acute p. chronic 
p., that which results from repeated acute at- 
tacks or is due to tuberculosis or syphilis. It is 
attended with excessive secretion, and in the 
severe ulcerated varieties by pain and dysphagia, 
croupous p., that which has the false mem- 
brane of true croup, diphtheric p., diph- 
theria of the pharynx, follicular p., gland- 
ular p., clergyman's sore throat with enlarge- 
ment of the pharyngeal glands, gangrenous 
p., a form characterized by gangrenous patches, 
granular p., a chronic variety in which the 
mucous membrane becomes granular, p. herpet'- 
ica, membranous or aphthous sore throat. A 
form of acute pharyngitis characterized by the for- 
mation of vesicles, which give place to excoria- 
tions. hypertrophic p., a chronic form which 
leads to thickening of the submucous tissues, 
membranous p., pharyngitis with a fibrinous 
exudate leading to the formation of a false mem- 
brane. phlegmonous p., acute parenchymatous 
tonsillitis attended with the formation of abscesses, 
p. sic'ca, an atrophic pharyngitis in which the 
throat becomes dry. p. ulcero'sa, ulcerated or 
hospital sore throat; pharyngitis ascribed to the 
breathing of vitiated air. It is attended with 
PHARMACO-ORYCTOLOGY 
834 
fever, pain, and prostration, and the formation of 
ulcers covered by a yellow, membrane-like de- 
posit. 
pharyngo-amygdalitis (far-ing"go-am-ig-dal-i'- 
tis). Inflammation of the pharynx and tonsil. 
pharyngocele (far-in'go-sel) [Gr. <papvyli pharynx 
+ K^X-q hernia]. Hernial protrusion of a part of 
the pharynx; a hernial pouch or other cystic de- 
formity of the pharynx. 
pharyngoceratosis (far-ing"go-ser-at-o'sis). Pha- 
ryngokeratosis. 
pharyngodynia (far-in-go-din'e-ah) [Gr. <papvy^ 
pharynx + b^vr) pain]. Pain in the pharynx. 
pharyngo-epiglottic, pharyngo-epiglottid- 
ean (far-ing"o-ep-e-glot'ik, -glot-id'e-an). Pertain- 
ing to the pharynx and epiglottis. 
pharyngo-esophageal (far-ing"go-e-sof-a'je-al). 
Pertaining to the pharynx and esophagus. 
pharyngoglossal (far-in-go-glos'al). Pertaining 
to the pharynx and the tongue. 
pharyngoglossus (far-in-go-glos'us). The mus- 
cular fibers from the superior constrictor of the 
pharynx to the tongue. 
pharyngokeratosis (far-in"go-ker-at-o'sis). Ker- 
atosis of the pharynx. 
pharyngolaryngeal (far-in"go-lar-in'je-al). Per- 
taining to the pharynx and the larynx. 
pharyngolaryngitis (far-in"go-lar-in-ji'tis) [Gr. 
<papvy£ pharynx + Xdpvy^ larynx]. Inflammation 
of the pharynx and the larynx. 
pharyngolith (far-in'go-lith) [Gr. papvy^ pharynx 
+ Xldos stone]. A concretion in the walls of the 
pharynx. 
pharyngology (far-in-gol'o-je) [Gr. <papvy£ 
pharynx + X6yos treatise]. The sum of what is 
known regarding the pharynx. 
pharyngomaxillary (far-in"go-maks'il-a-re). Per- 
taining to the pharynx and the jaw. 
pharyngomycosis (far-in"go-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. 
<papvy£ pharynx + pwrp fungus]. Any bacterial 
disease of the pharynx. 
pharyngonasal (far-in-go-na'sal). Pertaining to 
the pharynx and the nose. 
pharyngo-oral (far-in-go-o'ral). Pertaining to 
the pharynx and the mouth. 
pharyngopalatine (far-ing-o-pal'at-in). Per- 
taining to the pharynx and the palate. 
pharyngoparalysis (far-ing"o-par-al'is-is) [phar- 
ynx + paralysis}. Paralysis of the pharyngeal mus- 
cles. 
pharyngopathy (far-in-gop'ath-e) [pharynx + 
Gr. irdOos disease]. Disease of the pharynx. 
pharyngoperistole (far-in-go-per-is'to-le) [phar- 
ynx + Gr. irepiaroX-q a drawing out]. Narrowing 
of the pharynx. 
pharyngoplasty (far-ing'o-plas-te) [pharynx 4- 
Gr. irXacvecv to form]. Plastic operation on the 
pharynx. 
pharyngoplegia (far"in-go-ple'je-ah) [Gr. <pdpvy^ 
pharynx + irXqyq stroke]. Paralysis of the mus- 
cles of the pharynx. 
pharyngorhinitis (far-in"go-ri-ni'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the nasopharynx. 
pharyngo rhinoscopy (far-in"go-ri-nos'ko-pe). 
Examination of the nasopharynx and posterior 
nares with the rhinoscope. 
pharyngoscleroma (far-in"go-skle-ro'mah). Scler- 
oma of the pharynx. 
pharyngoscope (far-in'go-skop) [Gr. <papvy^ 
pharynx + aKoireiv to see]. An instrument for 
inspecting the pharynx. 
pharyngoscopy (far-in-gos'ko-pe). The exami- 
nation of the pharynx. 
pharyngospasm (far-in'go-spazm) [Gr. <pa.pvy^ 
pharynx + atraapbs spasm]. Spasm of the pharyn- 
geal muscles. 
PHARYNGOSPASM PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS 
835 
PHENANTIPYRIN 
pharyngostaphylinus (far-in"go-staf-il-i'nus). 
The palatopharyngeus muscle. 
pharyngostenosis (far-ing"o-sten-o'sis) [pharynx 
+ Gr. aTev<xai.s narrowing]. Narrowing of the 
lumen of the pharynx. 
pharyngotherapy (far-in-go-ther'ap-e) [pharynx 
+ therapy]. The treatment of pharyngeal dis- 
orders, and especially the irrigation of the naso- 
pharynx in infectious diseases. 
pharyngotome (far-in'go-tbm) [Gr. <pdpvy^ phar- 
ynx + reprecv to cut]. A cutting instrument used 
in pharyngeal surgery. 
pharyngotomy (far-in-got'o-me) [Gr. <papvy£ 
pharynx + repveLv to cut]. Surgical incision of 
the pharynx, external p., pharyngotomy done 
from the outside, internal p., that which is 
performed from within the pharynx, lateral p., 
the opening of the pharynx from one side, sub- 
hyoid p., section of the larynx through the 
thyrohyoid membrane. 
pharyngotonsillitis (far-in"go-ton-sil-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the pharynx and the tonsil. 
pharyngo typhoid (far-in-go-ti'foid). Enteric 
fever with angina and sore patches on the tonsils. 
pharyngoxerosis (far-in"go-ze-ro'sis) [Gr. <pdpvy£ 
pharynx + i^pos dry]. Dryness of the pharynx. 
pharynx (far'inks) [Gr. <papvy^ pharynx]. The 
musculomembranous sac between the mouth and 
nares and the esophagus. It is continuous below 
with the esophagus, and above it communicates 
with the larynx, mouth, nasal passages, and 
eustachian tubes. The part above the soft palate 
is the nasopharynx, and communicates with the 
posterior nares and the eustachian tube. The 
lower portion consists of two sections-the oro- 
pharynx, which communicates with the mouth, 
and the laryngopharynx, which opens into the 
larynx and esophagus. The posterior cavity of 
the pharynx is designated the retro pharynx. The 
pharynx is lined by mucous membrane containing 
ciliated epithelium in the nasopharynx, and with 
squamous epithelium below. Outside of this is a 
fibrous or cellular coat inclosed by a muscular 
layer made up of the stylopharyngeus and the 
pharyngeal constrictor muscles. 
phase (faz). 1. The view that a thing presents to 
the eye. 2. In physical chemistry, any aspect of 
a substance which is homogeneous in physical 
state and percentage composition, e. g., ice and 
steam as phases of water. In heterogeneous 
chemical systems, phases are separated by surfaces 
of discontinuity; e. g., oil and water in contact, 
apophylactic p., negative phase, contin- 
uous p., dispersion phase, disperse p., dis- 
persion p., dispersive p., external p., the 
fluid or medium in which the colloid of a colloid 
solution is dispersed, analogous to the solvent of a 
true solution; called also disperse medium, in- 
ternal p. Same as disperse p. p. of medita- 
tion, the time elapsing between the occurrence of 
the injury and the development of tremor in a 
traumatic neurosis. miotic p., that stage 
in karyokinesis in which the reduction of the 
chromosomes occurs. Called also reduction p. 
motofacient p. See motofacient. negative 
p., the initial lowering of the opsonic index follow- 
ing an injection of vaccine or bacterin. non- 
motofacient p. See motofacient. Nonne- 
Apelt p. See Nonne-Apelt reaction, under reac- 
tion. positive p., the rise above unity in the 
opsonic index which follows the negative phase, 
postmeiotic p., the stage following the reduc- 
tion of the chromosomes in karyokinesis. reduc- 
tion p. See miotic p. synaptic p., synapsis. 
phaselin (fas'e-lin). A medicine derived from two 
species of Phase'olus; digestive, stimulant, and 
soothing: used externally and internally. 
phaseolin (fa-se'o-lin). A protein from the kidney- 
bean. 
phase-rule. See under rule. 
phasin, phasine (fa'sin). Any one of a group of 
nitrogenous substances found in seeds, bark, and 
other plant tissues, which agglutinate red blood- 
corpuscles. 
phatne (fat'ne). A tooth socket. 
phatnoma (fat-no'mah), pl. phatno'mata [Gr. ipdr- 
w^a]. A tooth-socket. 
phatnorrhagia (fat-no-ra'je-ah) [Gr. cparur] tooth 
socket + pay la hemorrhage]. Hemorrhage from 
a tooth socket. 
phatnorrhea (fat-no-re'ah) [Gr. <pdrvr) tooth 
socket + poia flow]. Pyorrhea alveolaris. 
Ph.B. Abbreviation for British Pharmacopoeia. 
Ph.D. Abbreviation for Graduate in Pharmacy and 
German Pharmacopoeia. 
phecin (fe'sin). Sulphate of the dihydrate of ben- 
zene, C6H4(OH)3SOt: it is antiseptic, and is used 
in diseases of the urinary tract. 
phediuretin (fed"i-u-re'tin). Same as pheduretin. 
pheduretin (fed-u-re'tin). A diuretic and anodyne 
phenol preparation. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.33-1 gm.). 
phellandrene (fel-an'dren). A liquid hydrocar- 
bon, C10H13, occurring in fennel oil, elemi oil, the 
oil of water-hemlock, and Australian eucalyptus. 
phellandrium (fel-an'dre-um). The fruit of P. 
aquat'icum; also its homeopathic preparations. 
Phelps' operation (felps) [Abel Mix Phelps, sur- 
geon in New York, 1851-1902]. See operation. 
phen-. A prefix indicating derivation from ben- 
zene. 
phenacain (fen-ak-a'in). Holocain hydrochlorid, 
CH3.C(N.C6H4.O.C2H5).(NH.C6H4O.C2H8).HC1.- 
H2O, a local anesthetic used like cocain in a 1 per 
cent, aqueous solution, especially in eye operations. 
phenacetein (fen-as-et-e'in). Same as phenacetolin. 
phenacetin (fe-nas'et-in). A crystalline, antipy- 
retic, analgesic, and antirheumatic remedy, CH3.- 
CO.NH.C6H4O.C2H5, or acetphenetidin. It is 
nearly insoluble in water, and is used in fevers, 
especially typhoid fever, influenza, rheumatic fever, 
and the fever of pneumonia and phthisis; also in 
neuralgias of all kinds. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 
gm.). 
phenacetinum (fe-nas-et-i'num). Phenacetin. 
phenacetolin (fen-as-et'o-lin). A red powder, 
C16H12O2: used as an indicator. It has a Ph range 
of 5 to 6, being yellow at 5 and red at 6. 
phenacodin (fen-ak-o'din). A sedative or head- 
ache powder, compounded of phenacetin, caffein- 
codein, and guarana (Fuchs, 1903). 
phenacylidin (fe-nas-il'id-in). An antipyretic 
agent, C6H4(OC,H5)NH.CH2CO.C6H5: for use 
chiefly in veterinary medicine. 
phenadul (fen'ad-ul). A proprietary analgesic and 
antiseptic. 
phenakistoscope (fe-nak-is'to-skop) [Gr. <peva- 
KlaT-qs deceiver + aKoirecv to view]. Same as 
stroboscope. 
phenalgene (fe-nal'jen). A proprietary analgesic 
preparation of acetanilid. 
phenalgin (fe-nal'jin). A coal-tar product, ammo- 
niophenylacetamid, an antipyretic and hypnotic 
vascular stimulant. 
Phenalin (fen'ah-lin). A proprietary preparation of 
phenolphthalein in tablet form: used as a cathartic. 
phenamin (fen'am-in). Phenocoll. 
phenandyne (fen-an'din). A non-irritating and 
non-escharotic preparation of phenol: used like 
lysol. 
phenanthrene (fe-nan'thren). A colorless, crys- 
talline hydrocarbon, Ci4H10: obtained by dis- 
tilling coal-tar oil. 
phenantipyrin (fe"nan-te-pi'rin). An antipyretic 
recommended for typhoid fever, rheumatism, and 
pneumonia. PHENARSENAMIN 
836 
PHENOMENON 
phenarsenamin (fen-ar-sen'am-in). A Canadian 
make of arsphenamin. 
phenate (fe'nat). Any salt of phenic acid; a car- 
bolate. 
phenatol (fen'at-ol). A compound containing 
acetanilid and cafiein: analgesic and antipyretic. 
phenatrocin (fe-nat'ro-sin). A proprietary anal- 
gesic and antiseptic preparation. 
phenazone (fen'az-on). Same as antipyrin. 
phenegol (fen-e'gol). The mercuric potassium salt 
of nitroparaphenolsulfonic acid: NO2.O.C6H4.SO2.- 
OK.Hg.KSOg.O.NC^.CeHs; a reddish-brown pow- 
der, antiseptic and emetic. 
phenetidin (fe-net'id-in). A substance, the ethyl 
ester of para-aminophenol, NH2.C6H4.OC2H5: 
used in preparing phenacetin. It often appears in 
the urine after the administration of phenacetin. 
phenetidinuria (fe-net"id-in-u're-ah). The pres- 
ence of phenetidin in the urine. 
phenetol (fen'et-ol). Ethyl phenate; an oily liquid, 
C8H5O.C2H5. 
phenetsal (fe-net'sal). Salophen. 
phengophobia (fen-go-fo'be-ah) [Gr. <peyyos light 
+ <pb0os fear]. Morbid intolerance or dread of 
light. 
phenic acid (fe'nik). Carbolic acid. See acid. 
phenicate (fen'e-kat). To charge with phenic acid, 
or phenol. 
phenidin (fen'id-in). Same as phenacetin. 
phenin (fe'nin). Same as phenacetin. 
phenixin, phoenixin (fe-niks'in). See carbon tetra- 
chlorid. 
phenmethylol (fen-meth'il-ol). Benzyl alcohol. 
See under alcohol. 
phenobarbital (fe-no-bar'bit-al). Same as luminal. 
phenobromate (fe-no-bro'mat). A proprietary 
phenol and bromin preparation: used in dys- 
menorrhea. 
phenoco (fe'no-ko). A mixture of creosote and 
higher phenol homologues in soap solution: used as 
a germicide. 
phenocoll (fe'no-kol) [L. phenocol'lum]. Amino- 
phenacetin; an antipyretic and analgesic sub- 
stance, C2H5O.C6H4.NH.CO.CH2.NH2.H2O, from 
coal-tar. Dose of the hydrochlorid, 10-15 gr. 
(0.66-1 gm.), p. acetate, a salt in bulky needles; 
well suited for hypodermic use. p. carbonate, a 
crystalline powder, C6H4(OC2H6)NH.CO:CH2- 
NH2CO2: antiseptic and antipyretic, p. hydro- 
chlorid, a salt in colorless needles, C6H4(OC2H5)- 
NH.COCH2NH2.HCl: antipyretic, antiseptic, and 
analgesic. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.), p. salic- 
ylate. Same as salocoll. 
phenocollum (fe-no-kol'um). Latin for pheno- 
coll. 
phenocreosote (fe-no-kre'o-sot). A name for 
various preparations of creosote and carbolic 
acid. 
phenodin (fe'no-din) [Gr. (poirwSijs blood-red]. 
Hematin. 
phenoiodin (fe-no-i'o-din). A preparation of iodin 
and phenol used internally in septic conditions, 
such as puerperal sepsis and pneumonia. 
phenol (fe'nol). 1. Carbolic acid. See under acid. 
2. Any hydroxyl derivative from a carbocyclic 
compound in which the hydroxyl is united directly 
/\OH 
to a ring carbo!! atom, as | | . p. bismuth, 
bismuth carbolate, CellsO.zBifOH^. p. cam- 
phor, a mixture of phenol and camphor in various 
proportions: antiseptic and germicide. Used for 
a local anesthetic in toothache, p. diiodid, a red- 
dish-violet antiseptic powder, CeHsL-OH: used as 
a wound dressing, p. liquefac'tum, an aqueous 
solution of phenol containing 86.4 per cent, 
monobromo-p., a violet colored, strong smell- 
ing, oily fluid, Ce^Br.OH: antiseptic, ortho- 
monochloro-p., a colorless liquid, CgHjCLOH 
(2 : 1): an antiseptic, useful in skin diseases, 
paramonochloro-p., a crystalline antiseptic, 
C6H4C1.OH (4 :1). p. red, an indicator, phenol- 
sulphonphthalein, q. v., used in the determination 
of hydrogen-ion concentration. It has a Ph range 
of 6.8 to 8.4, being yellow at 6.8 and red at 8.4. 
p. salicylate, salol, p. sulphonephthalein, 
SO2-O.C6H4.C(C6H4OH)2: used as a test for the 
functional capacity of the kidneys. See phenol 
red, under phenol. 
phenolase (fe'nol-as). A ferment which oxidizes 
phenols and aromatic amins. 
phenolate (fe'nol-at). A compound of a phenol 
with a metal in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl 
is replaced by a univalent metal. 
phenolated (fe'no-la-ted). Charged with phenol, 
pheno lax (fe'no-laks). A proprietary preparation of 
phenolphthalein: used as a palatable cathartic. 
phenoleum (fe-no'le-um). A proprietary antisep- 
tic and germicide preparation. 
phenolic (fe-nol'ik). Pertaining to or derived from 
phenol. 
phenolid (fen'o-Iid). A compound said to contain 
acetanilid and sodium bicarbonate or sodium 
salicylate. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
phenolin (fen'o-lin). An antiseptic solution of 
cresol in potassium soap. 
phenolization (fen-ol-iz-a'shun). Treatment of 
infected wounds by subjecting them to the ener- 
getic action of strong carbolic acid. 
phenologist, phsenologist (fe-nol'o-jist). An ex- 
pert or specialist in phenology. 
phenology, phaenology (fe-nol'o-je). The study 
of the effects of climate upon the life and health 
of living organisms. 
phenololipoid (fe-nol-o-li'poid). A compound of 
phenol with a lipoid, such as cholesterin with 
camphor as the connecting link. It is believed to 
combine the parasitotropic power of phenol and 
the antitoxic power of cholesterin and yet to be free 
from the organotropic action of phenol. 
phenolphthalein (fe-nol-tha'le-in). A crystalline 
coal-tar derivative, dihydroxy-phthalo-phenone, 
CsH4.C(C6H4OH)2.CO2, commonly used as an in- 
dicator; it has purgative properties and is used in 
urinalysis as a test. Its solution is turned red by 
alkalis, and red or pink by dihydric phosphates. 
Its Ph range is 8.3 to 10, being colorless at 8.3 and 
red at 10. Dose as purgative, 7 gr. (0.46 gm.), 
p. sodium ricinate, a yellowish antiseptic and 
rubefacient, p. sulphoricinate, a yellowish, 
antiseptic fluid: used in tuberculosis of the throat 
and nose. 
phenolquinin (fe-nol-kwin'in). Quinin carbolate, 
phenolsulphonephthalein (fe"nol-sul-f6n-thal'- 
e-in). A compound, Ce^.SCbO.C.fCeHjOH^, the 
sulphuric acid derivative of phenolphthalein. Its 
monosodium salt, a red, crystalline powder, is used 
as a test for the secreting power of the kidney. 
After hypodermic injection it appears in the 
urine in from ten to fifteen minutes in normal con- 
ditions; delay beyond such time indicates disorder 
of renal function. 
phenolsulphonic acid (fe-nol-sul-fon'ik). Asep- 
tol. 
phenoltetrachlorphthalein (fe"nol-tet-rah- 
klor-tha'le-in). A coal-tar derivative: used as a 
purgative by subcutaneous injection and as a 
diagnostic agent for hepatic function intrave- 
nously. 
phenomenon (fe-nom'en-on) [L. phanom' enon; 
Gr. tpatvb^evov thing seen]. Any remarkable ap- 
pearance; any sign or objective symptom, arm 
p. Same as Pool's p. (second def.). p. of 
Arthus, the subcutaneous tissues of the rabbit 
can, by repeated injections of horse serum, be sen- sitized and thus made to react so as to cause their 
destruction, the rest of the body meanwhile showing 
no increase of sensitiveness. Aschner's p., slow- 
ing of the pulse following pressure on the eyeball: 
it is indicative of cardiac vagus irritability. Au- 
bert's p., by an optic illusion, when the head is 
turned toward one side a vertical line appears to in- 
cline toward the other side. Babinski's p., ex- 
tension and spreading in place of flexion of the toes 
when the sole is excited: it is characteristic of hemi- 
plegia due to a lesion in the pyramidal tract, or of 
the anterolateral portions of the spinal cord. Bab- 
inski's combined flexion p. See Babinski's 
sign (4), under sign. Becker's p., pulsation of the 
retinal arteries in exophthalmic goiter. Bell's 
p., an outward and upward rolling of the eyeball 
on the attempt to close the eye: it occurs on the 
affected side in peripheral facial {Bell's) paralysis. 
Bordet's p. See serum-test, under test. Bordet- 
Gengou p. See fixation of complement, cervico- 
lumbar p., sensations in the neck associated with 
a lesion in the lower part of the spinal cord; or 
weakness of the lower limbs on movement of the 
neck when a lesion exists in the upper part of the 
cord. chameleon p., the assumption of a 
green color by a potato-culture of Bacillus pyo- 
cyaneus at the point where touched by a plat- 
inum wire. Collie p., when pure neon is in- 
closed in a glass tube with a globule of mer- 
cury and shaken it glows with a bright, orange- 
red color, and when the globule rolls it appears to be 
followed by a flame. Danysz's p., decrease of 
the neutralizing influence of an antitoxin when a 
toxin is added to it in divided portions instead of all 
at once. Dejerine-Lichtheim p., in subcor- 
tical motor aphasia, while the patient cannot speak 
he can indicate with his fingers the number of syl- 
lables in a word, dental p., thermal and tactile 
sensations in the gums with toothache, produced 
by repeated faradic stimulation of hyperesthetic 
lines on the body (Calligaris). Deny-Leclef p., 
phagocytosis taking place in a test-tube on mixing 
therein leukocytes, bacteria, and their immune 
serum, diaphragm p., diaphragmatic p., 
the movement of the diaphragm as seen through the 
walls of the body; its variations have a certain diag- 
nostic value. Called also phrenic phenomenon and 
phrenic wave. Doppler's p., the pitch of a 
whistle on a rapidly moving body, like a locomo- 
tive, is higher when the body is approaching the 
listener. Duckworth's p., arrest of breathing 
before stoppage of the heart's action in certain 
fatal brain affections. Eisenberg's p., with in- 
creasing concentration of the agglutinins added to 
a bacterial emulsion the absolute absorption by 
the bacteria rises, while the coefficient of absorp- 
tion falls. Erb's p. See Erb's sign (1), under sign. 
Erben's p., temporary slowness of the pulse on 
stooping or sitting down: said to characterize cer- 
tain cases of neurasthenia, face-p., facia'lis p. 
Same as Chvostek's sign, under sign. Anger p. See 
Souque's p. Friedreich's p., the percussion 
sound over a cavity in the lung is raised on deep in- 
spiration. Galassi's pupillary p. Same as 
Westphal-Piltz p. Gartner's p., the degree of 
fulness of the veins of the arm as it is raised to vary- 
ing heights indicates the degree of pressure in the 
right auricle. Gengou-Moreschi p., comple- 
ment-fixation test for the differentiation of human 
from animal blood. Grasset's p., Grasset- 
Graussel p., inability of a patient to raise both 
legs at the same time, though he can do either sepa- 
rately: seen in incomplete organic hemiplegia. 
Hapke's p., unusually prominent presentation of 
the parietal bone of the head of the first one of 
twins. Hata p., increase in severity of an infec- 
tious disease when a small dose of a chemothera- 
peutic remedy is given. d'Herelle's p.,.lysisof 
Shiga bacilli when a culture of the bacilli is added 
to a filtered bouillon emulsion of the feces of a 
person convalescent from dysentery. D'Herelle 
attribute* this phenomenon to the action of an 
ultramicroscopic organism parasitic in the ba- 
PHENOMENON 
837 
cilli, which he calls the bacteriophage. Her- 
ing's p., a faint murmur heard with the 
stethoscope over the lower end of the sternum 
for a short time after death, hip-flexion p., 
in paraplegia, when the patient attempts to rise 
from a lying position or when he lies down, he 
first flexes the hip of the paralyzed side, hip-p., 
Joffroy's reflex. See under reflex. Hochsinger's 
p., pressure on the inner side of the biceps 
muscle produces closure of the fist in tetany. 
Holmes' p. See rebound p. Hunt's para- 
doxical p., in dystonia musculorum deformans, 
if the examiner attempts forcible plantar flexion 
of the foot which is in dorsal spasm there is pro- 
duced increase of the dorsal spasm, but if the 
patient is ordered to extend the foot he will per- 
form plantar flexion, jaw-winking p., raising of 
the upper eyelid when the jaw is pressed downward, 
and slight ptosis when the mouth is closed, knee 
p., the patellar tendon reflex. Koch's p., the 
sudden collapse of tuberculous animals when a fresh 
culture of tubercle bacilli is injected within the per- 
itoneum. The exudate that forms contains lympho- 
cytes almost exclusively. Kohnstamm's p. See 
after-movement. Kiihne's muscular p. Same 
as Parret's p. leg-p. See Schlesinger's sign, under 
sign. Leichtenstern's p. See Leichtenstern's 
sign, under sign. Litten's diaphragm-p., a 
movable horizontal depression on the lower part of 
the sides of the thorax, seen in respiration. Lust's 
p., abduction with dorsal flexion of the foot on 
tapping the external popliteal nerve just below the 
head of the fibula: indicative of spasmophilia. 
Mills-Reincke p., the mortality from all diseases 
decreases as a result of water purification, mouth 
p. See lip reflex, under reflex, muscle-p., the 
tendency of striated muscle to contract in hard 
lumps upon tapping; this condition was fre- 
quently seen in overexerted soldiers in the late war. 
Nasaroff's p., gradual decrease in the difference 
between the rectal temperature before and after 
the bath, seen after repeated cold baths. Neisser- 
Doering p., suppression of the normal hemolytic 
action of human serum due to the presence of some 
antihemolytic substance: sometimes seen in renal 
cirrhosis and arteriosclerosis. Neisser-Wechs- 
berg p. See deviation of complement, or- 
bicularis p. Same as Westphal-Piltz p. Os- 
ler's p., agglutination of the platelets of blood 
directly after it is withdrawn from the circu- 
lation. palmoplantar p., a yellowish dis- 
coloration of parts of the palms and soles in 
typhoid fever; Filipovicz's sign, paradoxical 
diaphragm p. Same as Litten's diaphragm p. 
paradoxical p. of dystonia. See Hunt's 
paradoxical p. paradoxical pupil p. Same as 
Westphal-Piltz p. peroneal-nerve p. Same as 
Lust's p. Pfeiffer's p., cholera vibrios introduced 
into the peritoneal cavity of a guinea-pig that has 
been immunized against cholera, lose their motil- 
ity, disintegrate, and pass into solution. The dis- 
integration can be followed under the microscope 
by removing a portion of the peritoneal contents 
from time to time. The same result is observed if 
a bacteriolytic serum (against cholera) is intro- 
duced along with the bacteria into the peritoneal 
cavity of a normal guinea-pig. The dilution of the 
serum which just fails to produce bacteriolysis in a 
given time determines the titer of the serum, 
phrenic p. i. Rhythmic spasm of the left 
half of the diaphragm; seen in tetanus. 2. See 
diaphragmatic p. Pool's p. Same as Schle- 
singer's sign, under sign. 2. Contraction of the 
muscles of the arm following the raising of the 
arm above the head with the forearm extended, 
so as to cause stretching of the brachial plexus: 
seen in postoperative tetany. Porret's p., 
the passage of a continuous current through 
a living muscle-fiber causes an undulation pro- 
ceeding from the positive toward the negative 
pole. Purkinje's p., the phenomenon that 
fields of equal brightness but different color become 
unequally bright if the intensity of the illumination 
PHENOMENON is decreased, radial p., the involuntary dorsal 
flexion of the wrist which occurs on palmar flexion 
of the fingers, rebound p., when the examiner 
grasps the patient's wrist and attempts to draw the 
arm into extension against the patient's resistance 
and then suddenly releases the wrist the patient's 
hand rebounds toward his body. A similar re- 
bound occurs in the lower extremity. The phe- 
nomenon indicates motor disorder due to cerebellar 
lesion. Called also Holmes' p. Ritter-Rollet 
p., flexion of the foot upon gentle electric stimula- 
tion, and its extension upon energetic stimulation. 
Rumpel-Leede p., the appearance of minute 
subcutaneous hemorrhages below the area at which 
a rubber bandage is applied not too tightly for ten 
minutes upon the upper arm: characteristic of scar- 
let fever and hemorrhagic diathesis. Rust's p., 
in cases of caries or cancer of the upper cervical 
vertebrae the patient supports his head with 
his hands when lying down or when rising from 
a lying position. Schuller's p., in functional 
hemiplegia the patient in walking turns to the 
healthy side, but to the diseased side in organic 
hemiplegia. Souque's p., a phenomenon seen 
in incomplete hemiplegia, consisting of involun- 
tary extension and separation of the fingers 
when the arm is raised. Called also finger p. 
staircase p., successive increase in the con- 
tractions of a muscle repeatedly stimulated with 
stimuli of equal intensity. Strassmann's p., 
phenomena seen in the umbilical cord of the 
still attached placenta. When the umbilical cord 
is ligated, the umbilical arteries contract and the 
umbilical vein remains filled with blood. The 
slightest tapping upon the fundus uteri will be 
felt at the lower end of the umbilical cord, and if 
pressure is applied to the fundus uteri, the umbil- 
ical vein becomes distended with blood at its 
extremity. Strumpell p., involuntary flexion 
of the ankle on flexing the hip and knee. 
Theobald Smith's p., guinea-pigs which have 
been used for standardizing diphtheria antitoxin 
and have thus been injected with a small dose of 
blood-serum become highly susceptible to the serum 
and may die very promptly if given a rather large 
second dose of the same serum a few weeks later. 
See anaphylaxis, tibial p., Strumpell s sign. See 
under sign, toe-p., extension of the toes on 
stimulation of the sole of the foot: seen in certain 
morbid conditions, tongue p., a slight blow upon 
the tongue produces a contraction with the ap- 
pearance of deep depressions; seen in tetany. Called 
also Schultze's sign and tongue test. Traube's p., 
a double diastolic and systolic murmur heard at 
the femoral and other peripheral arteries, as in aor- 
tic insufficiency, and sometimes in mitral stenosis. 
Trousseau's p., spasmodic contractions of mus- 
cles provoked by pressure upon the nerves which go 
to them: seen in rickets, etc. Tyndall p., illu- 
mination by a ray of light renders visible the par- 
ticles floating in gases or liquids. Westphal's 
p., Westphal's sign. See sign. Westphal-Piltz 
p., contraction of the pupil, followed by dilata- 
tion, after vigorous closing of the lids; caused by 
tension of the orbicularis muscle, zone p., an 
excess of amboceptor or immune body often lessens 
or even suspends the specific activity which is 
known to be present in a serum and which appears 
at a different dilution. This seems to be a colloid 
phenomenon in which the constituents must be in 
certain proportions to each other in order that the 
specific activity may be manifested, and is spoken 
of as zone phenomenon. Called also deviation of 
the complement. 
phenopyrin (fe-no-pi'rin). An oily liquid com- 
posed of phenol and antipyrin in equal parts: 
antiseptic. 
phenoquin (fe'no-kwin). Phenyl quinolin car- 
boxylic acid, C6H5.C8H4N2.COOH: used in doses 
of 30-35 gr. (1.95-2-25 gm.) daily to increase the 
excretion of uric acid. 
phenoresorcin (fe"no-re-sor'sin). A compound 
PHENOPYRIN 
838 
of carbolic acid (67 parts) with resorcin (33 parts): 
used in skin diseases. 
phenosal (fe'no-sal). Paraphenetidin acetosalicy- 
late, C2H5O.C6H4.NH.CO.CH2.OC6H4.COOH, a 
salt in colorless plates or needles; antipyretic: 
used in acute rheumatism. Dose, 7-8 gr. (0.466- 
0.5 gm.). 
phenosalyl (fe-no-sal'il). A thick, syrupy disin- 
fectant and antiseptic compound of phenol (8 
gm.), salicylic acid (1 gm.), menthol (0.1 gm.), 
and lactic acid (3 gm.). Said sometimes to con- 
tain benzoic acid. Called also Christmas' solu- 
tion. 
phenostal (fen'os-tal). Diphenyloxalic ester, 
(C6Hg:CO2)2, a disinfectant and bactericide. 
phenosuccin (fe-no-suk'sin). Pyrantin; a crystal- 
line antipyretic and analgesic prepared by acting 
upon amidophenol with succinic acid. 
phenosuccinate (fe-no-suk'sin-at). Any com- 
pound of an amid derivative of succinic acid and 
phenol with a base, sodium-p., an analgesic 
and antipyretic remedy. 
phenotype (fe'no-tip) [Gr. ipaweiv to display 4- 
Tviros type] 1. The visible characters common to 
a group of individuals. 2. A group of individuals 
alike in appearance, but having a different heredity. 
phenotypic (fe-no-tip'ik). Alike in appearance, 
but different in heredity. 
phenoxin (fe-noks'in). Carbon tetrachlorid, CC14; 
a clear, colorless liquid. It is an anesthetic, and 
is used locally, hypodermically, or by inhalation. 
phenoxy-. A prefix indicating the presence of the 
group OC8H5, composed of phenyl and an atom 
of oxygen. 
phenoxycaffein (fe"noks-e-kaf'e-in). A white, 
crystalline substance, CgHfl(OC6H5)N4O2: anti- 
neuralgic, hypnotic,' and anesthetic. Dose, 4 gr. 
(0.26 gm.). 
phenoxyproprandiol (fe-nok"se-pro-pran'de-ol). 
The monophenyl ether of glycerol, CH2OH.CHOH.- 
CH2O.C6H5. See autodyne. 
phenozygous (fen-oz'ig-us) [Gr. ipalveiv to show -f- 
^vyov yoke, zygoma]. Having the cranium much 
narrower than the face, so that the zygomatic 
arches are seen when the skull is viewed from 
above. 
phenychinolin (fen-ik-in'o-lin). Any one of a 
group of chinolin derivatives: actively fatal to 
microscopic and infusorial organisms. 
phenyform (fen'if-orm). A proprietary antiseptic 
powder for wounds, being a combination of car- 
bolic acid and formaldehyd. 
phenyl (fe'nil). The univalent radical, C6H5, of 
carbolic acid. p. carbinol. See benzyl alcohol, 
under alcohol. p. hydrate, phenol, carbolic 
acid. p. salicylate, the U. S. P. name for salol 
(q. v.). 
phenylalanin (fe-nil-al'an-in). Same as phenyl- 
aminopropionic acid. See under acid. 
phenylamin (fen-il'am-in). Anilin. 
phenylbenzamid (fen-il-ben'zam-id). Benzanilid. 
phenylbromoacetonitril (fe"nil-bro-mo-as"et- 
o-ni'tril). See bromobenzylcyanid. 
phenylcarbylamin chlorid. A war gas, CeHg.- 
NC.CI3, which causes lacrimation. 
phenyl chinaidin (fe"nil-kin-al'din). See phenyl- 
quinaldin. 
phenylchinolin (fe-nil-kin'o-lin). A quinin deriv- 
ative, CgHeN.CeHs, more active than quinin. 
phenyldimethylpyrazolon (fen-il-di-meth-il-pi- 
ra'zo-lon). Antipyrin. 
phenylene (fe'nil-en). The divalent radical CeH4=. 
phenylene-diamin (fe"nil-en-di-am'in). C6H4- 
(NH2)2- See ursol and primal. 
phenylethylalcohol (fe"nil-eth-il-alTio-hol). A 
local anesthetic, C6H5.CH2.CH2OH. 
PHENYLETHYLALCOHOL phenylethylamin (fen-il-eth-il-am'in). A liquid 
compound, C5II5.CH2.CH2.NH2, formed by the 
decomposition of phenylaminopropionic acid. 
phenyl-ethyl-barbituric acid. See luminal. 
phenylethylmalonyluria (fe"nil-eth-el-mal"o- 
nil-u-re'ah). Luminal. 
phenylgalactosazone (fe"nil-gal-ak-to'saz-on). 
Osazone of galactose, a compound resembling 
phenylglucosazone. 
phenylglucosazone (fe"nil-glu-ko'saz-6n). One 
of the substances into which urinary sugar is 
changed in the phenylhy drazin test: it crystal- 
lizes in yellow needles; its formula is CeHioOr 
(N.NH.C6H6)2. 
phenylglycol (fe-nil-gli'kol). A crystalline com- 
pound, C6H5.CHOH.CH2OH. derivable from 
styrol bromid. 
phenylhydrazin (fe-nil-hi'draz-in). An oily liquid 
principle, C6H5NH-NH2, the hydrochlorate of 
which is used as a test for glucose. See test, phenyl- 
hydrazin. 
phenyl-hydroxylamin (fe"nil-hi-drok-sil'am-in). 
An industrial poison, CeH5.NH.OH, especially in 
certain chemical works. 
phenylic (fe-nil'ik). Pertaining to phenyl. 
phenyl-lactosazone (fe"nil-lak-to'saz-6n). A 
crystalline compound, C24H32N4O9, or osazone 
of lactose. 
phenylmethane (fe-nil-meth'an). An antipyretic 
and analgesic substance, CH2(C6H5)2. Called also 
diphenylmethane. Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.24-0.5 gm.). 
phenylmethylacetone (fen-il-meth-il-as'et-on)- 
Acetophenon. 
phenylmethylcarbinol (fe"nil-meth-il-kar'bin- 
ol). A local anesthetic, C6H5.CHOH.CH3. 
phenylmethylpyrazol (fe"nil-meth-il-pi'ra-zol). 
A substituted pyrazol of diuretic action. Dose, 
15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
phenylon (fen'il-on). Same as antipyrin. 
phenylquinaldin (fen-il-kwin-al'din). An anal- 
gesic and antiperiodic, phenylmethylquinolin, 
CH3.C9H5N.CeH5, in colorless soluble crystals. 
Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.06-0.2 gm.). 
phenylurea (fen-il-u-re'ah). A hypnotic compound 
prepared from urea and anilin. 
phenylurethan (fe-nil'u-re-than). Same as eu- 
phorin. 
pheochrome (fe'o-krdm) [Gr. <patbs dark + xpwpa 
color]. Staining dark with chromium salts: said 
of certain embryonic cells. Same as chromaffin. 
pheochromoblast (fe-o-kro'mo-blast). Any one 
of the embryonic structures which develop into 
pheochrome cells. 
phesin (fe'sin). A patented reddish-brown powder, 
acetparaphenetidin sodium sulphonate, CeH3.O.- 
C2H5.SO3Na.NH.CO.CH3: antipyretic and anti- 
neuralgic. Dose, 8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
Ph.G. 1. Abbreviation for Graduate in Pharmacy. 
2. Abbreviation for Pharmacopoeia ger manic a, 
German pharmacopoeia. 
phial (fi'al) [Gr. <pia\ri]. A vial or small bottle. 
phialide (fi'al-Id). Small ninepin-shaped bodies 
projecting from the rounded head of the conidio- 
phore of Aspergillus and which carry chains of 
conidia. 
Phialophera (fi-al-of'er-ah). A genus of hypho- 
mycetous fungi. P. verruco'sa causes a skin lesion 
resembling blastomycosis. 
Philagrius (fi-la'gre-us). A Greek physician who 
practised in the second half of the fourth cen- 
tury in Thessalonica. He was the author of 
numerous writings, only small fragments of which 
remain. 
philanthropist (fil-an'thro-pist). A person who 
exerts himself for the well-being of his fellow-man. 
philanthropy (fil-an'thro-pe) [Gr. ycXelv to love 
+ avOpoTos man]. Practical benevolence to- 
ward mankind. 
PHENYLETHYLAMIN 
839 
PHLEBITIS 
philiater (hl-i at-er) [Gr. ipcXos fond -j- ict/r peia, 
healing], A person interested in medical science. 
Philinus (fil-i'nus). A Greek physician of Cos, 
who lived about 250 b. c. He was a pupil of 
Herophilus, and is believed to have been one of 
the founders of the school of the Empirics. 
Philip's glands (fil'ips) [Robert William Philip, 
Scotch physician, born 1857]. See under gland. 
Philisteon (fil-is'te-on). A Greek physician of 
Sicily in the fourth century b. c. 
phillyrin (fil'ir-in). A crystalline substance, C27- 
from the leaves and bark of various species 
of P hilly r'ea. It has antimalarial properties. 
philocatalase (fi-lo-kat'al-as) [Gr. ipiXuv to love 
catalase].. A substance existing in the tissues 
and serving to protect catalase from the destruc- 
tive action of anticatalase. 
philocytase (fi-lo-si't5.s) [Gr. <pi\&v to love + cy- 
tase], Same as amboceptor. 
philoneism (fil-o'ne-izm) [Gr. <pi\eiv to love + veos 
new]. Abnormal love of novelty. 
philopatridomania (fi"lo-pat"rid-o-ma'ne-ah) 
[Gr. .piXoTrarpis patriotic + p.avla madness]. In- 
sane desire to return to one's native land. 
philothion (fil-o-thi'on) [Gr. ipcXeiv to love + Oecov 
sulphur]. A substance obtained from yeast and 
animal tissue, having the power of forming hydro- 
gen sulphid from powdered sulphur. 
philtrum (fil'trum) [Gr. iptXrpov love-potion], 
1. The groove at the median line of the upper 
lip. 2. A philter; a drug or substance to provoke 
love or carnal appetite. 
phimosiectomy (fi-mo-se-ek'to-me) [phimosis + 
Gr. eKrop-q excision]. Circumcision for phimosis. 
phimosis (fi-mo'sis) [Gr. .tpipcoaLs a muzzling or 
closure]. Tightness of the foreskin, so that it 
cannot be drawn back from over the glans; also 
the analogous condition in the clitoris, p. vag- 
inalis, atresia of the vagina. 
phimotic (fi-mot'ik). Pertaining to phimosis, 
phlebarteriectasia (fleb-ar-te-re-ek-ta'se-ah) [Gr. 
vein + aprjypia artery + eKraais extension]. 
General dilatation of veins and arteries. 
phlebectasia, phlebectasis (fle-bek-ta'zhe-ah, 
fle-bek'tas-is) [Gr. vein + inraais dilatation]. 
A. varicosity; a dilatation of a vein. p. laryn'- 
gis, permanent dilatation of the veins of the larynx. 
phlebectomy (fle-bek'to-me) [Gr. <pXe/ vein + 
eKTopi) excision]. Excision of a vein, or of a 
part of a vein. 
phlebectopia, phlebectopy (fle-bek-to'pe-ah, 
fle-bek'to-pe) [Gr. <pX«^ vein -J- eKroirbs out of 
place]. Displacement of a vein. 
phlebemphraxis (fle-bem-fraks'is) [Gr. ipXep vein 
+ epippa&s stoppage]. The stoppage of a vein by 
a plug or clot. 
phlebin (fle'bin) [Gr. ipX&f vein]. A pigment sup- 
posed to exist in venous blood. 
phlebismus (fle-biz'mus) [Gr. vein]. Ob- 
struction and consequent turgescence of veins. 
phlebitic (fle-bit'ik). Pertaining to phlebitis. 
phlebitis (fle-bi'tis) [Gr. ipXexf vein]. Inflamma- 
tion of a vein. The condition is marked by in- 
filtration of the coats of the vein and the forma- 
tion of a thrombus of coagulated blood. The 
disease is attended by edema, stiffness, and pain 
in the affected part, the development of a red 
cord at the site of the vein, and in the septic variety 
by pyemic symptoms, adhesive p., a phlebitis 
which tends to the obliteration of the vein. Called 
also plastic p. and proliferative p. anemic p., 
chlorotic p., a form associated with anemia or 
chlorosis, gouty p., a variety dependent upon 
the gouty diathesis, often recurrent, and some- 
times occlusive. p. mi'grans, migrating 
p., phlebitis recurring in different parts of the 
same limb. p. nodula'ris necrot'isans, 
a form in which tuberculous nodules of the skin are formed, becoming necrotic at the center and spread- 
ing slowly, obliterating p., obstructive p., 
phlebitis that permanently closes the lumen of a 
vein, plastic p. See adhesive p. prolifera- 
tive p. See adhesive p. puerperal p., septic 
inflammation of uterine or other veins following 
childbirth, recurrent p., that which reappears 
after periods of disappearance, septic p., that 
which depends upon a septic process, as in erysip- 
elas, cancer, or tuberculosis. In it the thrombus 
breaks down and septic emboli are carried to dis- 
tant parts of the body. Called also suppurative p. 
sinus-p., inflammation of a cerebral sinus, 
suppurative p., that which is characterized by 
the formation of pus; often an extension of a sup- 
purative process external to the vein. 
phlebocholosis (fleb"o-ko-lo'sis) [Gr. vein 
+ x^Xos maimed]. Disease of veins. 
phlebogram (fleb'o-gram) [Gr. vein + y pap- 
pa writing], A tracing of the movements of a vein 
made with a phlebograph or sphygmograph. 
phlebograph (fleb'o-graf) [Gr. <pXe^ vein + ypa- 
<petv to write], 1. An instrument for recording the 
venous pulse. 2. Same as phlebogram. 
phlebography (fleb-og'raf-e) [Gr. LpXef vein + 
ypaipeiv to write]. 1. A description of the veins. 
2. The graphic recording of the venous pulse. 
phleboid (fleb'oid) [Gr. ipXef vein + elbos form]. 
Resembling a vein, or composed of veins. 
phlebolite, phlebolith (fleb'o-lit, fleb'o-lith) [Gr. 
wflexf vein + XlOos stone]. A calculus or concre- 
tion in a vein; a vein-stone. 
phlebolithiasis (fleb"o-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. vein 
+ lithiasis]. That condition which predisposes 
to the development of vein-stones. 
phlebology (fle-bol'o-je) [Gr. <pX€^ vein + Xbyos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
the veins. 
phlebometritis (fleb"o-met-ri'tis) [Gr. <pXe^ vein 
+ prjTpa uterus + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the veins of the uterus. 
phlebomyomatosis (fleb"o-mi-o-mat-o'sis) [Gr. 
vein + myomatosis}. A condition in which 
the muscular fibers of a vein become overgrown, 
producing thickening of the walls. 
phlebopexy (fleb'o-peks-e) [Gr. vein + 
fixation]. Extraserous transplantation of the tes- 
ticle, with preservation of the reticulum of veins: 
done for varicocele. 
phlebophthalmotomy (fleb"of-thal-mot'o-me) 
[Gr. vein + cxpOaXpbs eye + repvetv to cut]. 
Same as ophthalmophlebetomy. 
phleborrhagia (fleb-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. <pXe^ vein + 
foyvvvoA, to burst forth]. Copious hemorrhage 
from a vein. 
phleborrhaphy (fleb-or'af-e) [Gr. (p\bp vein + 
paipr) suture]. The operation of suturing a vein. 
phleborrhexis (fleb-o-rek'sis) [Gr. vein + 
prjlfs rupture]. Rupture of a vein. 
phlebosclerosis (fleb"o-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. <p\e\p vein 
+ aKXrjpos hard]. Sclerosis or hardening of a 
vein, especially of the inner coats of a vein. 
phlebostasia (fleb-os-ta'ze-ah). Phlebostasis. 
phlebostasis (fleb-os'tas-is) [Gr. vein + 
ardats stoppage]. 1. Retardation of the flow of 
blood in the veins. 2. Temporary abstraction of a 
portion of the blood from the general circulation 
by compressing the veins of the extremity. 
phlebostrepsis (fleb"o-strep'sis) [Gr. <pXe^ vein + 
aTpe<peLV to turn]. The surgical twisting of a 
vein. 
phlebothrombosis (fleb"o-throm-bo'sis) [Gr. ^Xei^ 
vein + thrombosis}. Thrombosis of a vein. 
phlebotome (fleb'o-tom). A knife or lancet for 
use in phlebotomy; a fleam. 
phlebotomist (fle-bot'o-mist). One who practises 
venesection; a bleeder. 
PHLEBOCHOLOSIS 
840 
phlebotomize (fle-bot'o-mlz). To bleed; to take 
blood from by phlebotomy. 
Phlebotomus (fle-bot'o-mus). A genus of dip- 
torous insects. P. papatas'sii, the sandfly, a dip- 
terous insect of India and the Mediterranean 
countries, which is thought to convey by its bite an 
infection known as sandfly fever. See under fever. 
P. verrucoTum, a fly abounding in Peru and 
regarded as the conveyer of the infection of verruga 
peruviana. 
phlebotomy (fle-bot'o-me) [Gr. <pXe^ vein + rep- 
veiv to cut]. The opening of a vein for blood- 
letting; venesection, bloodless p., phlebostasis. 
phlegm (flem) [Gr. ipXeypa}. i. One of the four 
humors of the body, according to the obsolete 
humoral pathology. 2. Mucus, especially that 
of the throat and nose. 
phlegmasia (fleg-ma'zhe-ah) [Gr. <pXeyp.a<ria heat, 
inflammation]. Inflammation or fever, p. al'ba 
do'lens, p. doTens, phlebitis of the femoral 
vein, occasionally following parturition and ty- 
phoid fever. It is characterized by swelling of 
the leg, usually without redness. Called also 
leukophlegmasia, milk-leg, and while leg. cellu- 
litic p., swelling and inflammation of the leg 
after childbirth from infection of the connective 
tissue, p. malabar'ica, elephantiasis, throm- 
botic p. Same as p. alba dolens. 
phlegmatic (fleg-mat'ik) [Gr. <pXey//arums]. Char- 
acterized by an excess of the supposed humor 
called phlegm; hence, heavy, dull, and apathetic. 
phlegmon (fleg'mon) [Gr. <pXey powr)}. Inflamma- 
tion of the connective tissue, leading to ulcera- 
tion or abscess, diffuse p., phlegmona diffusa. 
Dupuytren's p., phlegmonous suppuration in the 
anterolateral portion of the neck on one side, 
gas-p., one attended with the formation of gases. 
See gas gangrene, under gangrene, ligneous p., 
induration of the subcutaneous connective tissue 
of the neck with little suppuration, fever, or pain; 
running a chronic progressive course. Called 
Reclus' disease, woody p., ligneous phlegmon, 
phlegmona diffusa (fleg'mo-nah dif-u'sah). A 
more or less extensive inflammation of the cu- 
taneous and subcutaneous tissues, with symptoms 
resembling both deep erysipelas and flat carbun- 
cle, and attended with constitutional symptoms. 
Called also phlegmonous cellulitis. 
phlegmonous (fleg'mbn-us). Of the nature of a 
phlegmon; attended with formation of phleg- 
mons. 
phlobaphene (flo'ba-fen) [Gr. <pXoibs bark + 
dye]. One of a series of compounds resembling 
resins and differing from the latter only in that 
they dissolve in dilute ammonia water. They 
are derived from tannin by boiling with acids and 
are characterized by their brown color. 
phlogistic (flo-jis'tik). Inflammatory. 
phlogisticozymoid (flo-jis"tik-o-zi'moid). A 
hypothetic substance supposed to supply the 
necessary feeding-ground for inflammatory proc- 
esses. 
phlogiston (flo-jis'ton) [Gr. <p\oy lotos burnt]. 
The supposed principle of fire and combustion. 
This term was proposed by Stahl in 1697, who sup- 
posed that combustible substances were compounds 
of phlogiston and that combustion is due to the 
phlogiston leaving the other structures of the sub- 
stance behind. With the discovery of oxygen, the 
use of the term was discontinued. 
phlogocyte (flo'go-sit) [Gr. <pX6ya><ns inflammation 
+ kotos cell]. A cell characteristic of tissue in an 
inflamed state; a plasma-cell. 
phlogocytosis (flo"go-si-to'sis). Presence of 
phlogocytes in the blood. 
phlogogen (flo'go-jen) [see phlogogenic}. A body 
that has the power of causing inflammation. 
phlogogenic (flo-go-jen'ik) [Gr. <p\b% flame + 
-yervai' to produce]. Causing inflammation. 
phlogogenous (flo-goj'en-us). Phlogogenic. 
PHLOGOGENOUS phlogosin (flo-go'sin) [Gr. <pXo7w<ris inflammation]. 
A crystallizable, non-nitrogenous substance, from 
cultures of the Staphylococ'cus au'reus. Intro- 
duced into the eye, it produces an intense suppu- 
rative process. 
phlogosis (flo-go'sis) [Gr. <pX6ywais]. Inflamma- 
tion; also erysipelas. 
phlogotic (flo-got'ik). Inflammatory. 
phlugozelotism (flo-go-zel'ot-ism) [Gr. tpXoywais 
inflammation + fj/Xwrijs zealot]. A perverse 
habit of ascribing to every disease an inflamma- 
tory origin. 
phloretin (flor'e-tin). A white, crystalline com- 
pound, C15H14O5, derived from phlorizin. It is the 
phloroglucin ester of paraoxyhydratropic acid. It 
is said to possess febrifuge properties. 
phlorhizin (flo-ri'zin). See phlorizin. 
phloridzin (flo-rid'zin). Same as phlorizin. 
phlorizin (flo-ri'zin) [Gr. ipXocbs bark + pl^a root]. 
A bitter glucosid, C21H24O10 + 2H2O, from the 
rootbark of apple, cherry, plum, and pear trees: 
it is tonic and antiperiodic. Dose, 15-30 gr. 
(1-2 gm.), p. diabetes. See diabetes. 
phlorizinize, phloridzinize (flo'riz-in-iz, flor-id'- 
zin-iz). To bring under the influence of phlorizin. 
phloroglucin (flo-ro-glu'sin) [phlorizin + Gr. 
yXvKvs sweet]. A sweet, crystalline, trihydric, 
phenol, C6H3(OH)3, obtainable from the bark of 
apple and other trees: used as a test for woody 
fiber and for hydrochloric acid and for the identi- 
fication of pentose in the urine. 
phloroglucinol, phloroglucol (flo-ro-glu'sin-ol, 
-glu'kol). Phloroglucin. 
phlorol (flo'rol). Any oily liquid, C6H5(OC2H5), 
derived from creosote. See phenetol. 
phlorose (flor'os). A sugar formed when phlorizin 
is boiled with dilute acids. Glucose. 
phloryl (flo'ril). A principle obtainable from 
creosote. 
phlyctena (flik-te'nah), pl. phlycte'nce [L. phlycta'na-, 
Gr. <pXvKTacva]. 1. A blister made by a burn. 2. 
A small, bladder-like pustule containing lymph or 
a thin ichor. 
phlyctenar (flik'ten-ar). Pertaining to or marked 
by phlyctenae. 
phlyctenoid (flik'ten-oid) [phlyctena + Gr. etbos 
form]. Resembling a phlyctena. 
phlyctenosis (flik-ten-o'sis) *[Gr. <pXvKTalvu<ns}. 
Any phlyctenular disease or lesion, p. strepto'- 
genes, a disease of the skin due to a strepto- 
coccus. 
phlyctenular (flik-ten'u-lar). Associated with the 
formation of phlyctenules or vesicles, or of promi- 
nences that look like vesicles. 
phlyctenule, phlyctenula (flik'ten-ul, flik-ten'u- 
lah) [L. phlyctcen'ida; Gr. cpXi)KTai.va blister]. A 
minute vesicle, or an ulcerated nodule of the 
cornea or of the conjunctiva. 
phlyctenulosis fflik-ten-u-lo'sis). The condition 
marked by the formation of phlyctenules. 
phlysoremid (flis-o-rem'id). Koch's bacillus emul- 
sion in capsules. 
phlyzacium (fli-za'se-um) [Gr. ^Xufdxiop]. 1. A 
little pustule. 2. Same as ecthyma, p. acu'- 
tum. See ecthyma. 
phobia (fo'be-ah) [Gr. <pofios fear]. Any persistent 
insane dread or fear. 
phobic (fo'bik). Of the nature of or pertaining to 
phobia or morbid fear. 
phobophobia (fo-bo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. ipb^os fear + 
<p60os fear], A condition in psychasthenia 
marked by fear of one's own fears. 
phobrol (fo'brol). A proprietary 50 per cent, solu- 
tion of chlormetacresol in potassium ricinoleate: 
used as a disinfectant. 
Phoca's disease (fo-kahz') [B. G. Phoca, French 
physician]. See Tillaux's disease, under disease. 
PHLOGOSIN 
841 
phocenic acid (fo-sen'ik). Valerianic acid. See 
acid. 
phocomelus (fo-kom'el-us) [Gr. <puKi) seal + jueXos 
limb]. A fetus with hands and feet, but no arms 
or legs. 
phogosin (fo'go-sin). A heat-resistant crystalline 
substance extracted from staphylococci which has 
a chemotactic action on leukocytes similar to that 
of staphylococci. 
phonacoscope (fo-nak'o-skop). The apparatus 
used in phonacoscopy. 
phonacoscopy (fo-nak-os'ko-pe) [Gr. tpuvi] voice + 
vKoireiv to view]. Combined auscultation and 
percussion by means of a bell-shaped resonating 
. chamber containing a percussion hammer, which 
' is held on the .anterior thoracic wall while the ex- 
aminer listens at the back of the thorax. 
phonal (fo'nal) [Gr. <pwri voice]. Pertaining to 
the voice. 
phonation (fo-na'shun) [Gr. <p<ovp voice]. The 
utterance of vocal sounds, subenergetic p., 
hypophonia. superenergetic p., hyperpho- 
nia. 
phonatory (fo'na-to-re). Subserving or pertaining 
to phonation. 
phonautograph (fo-naw'to-graf) [Gr. <pwh voice 
+ auro? self + ypaipew to write]. An apparatus 
which registers the vibrations of the air caused 
by the voice. 
phoneme (fo'nem) [Gr. ipcovripa sound]. An insane 
hallucination of voices. 
phonendoscope (fo-nen'do-skop) [Gr. <pwvp voice 
+ evSov within + okotteiv to see], A stethoscope 
that intensifies auscultatory sounds. The instru- 
ment contains two parallel plates of vulcanite, 
one of which is in contact with the chest of the 
patient, and the other, vibrating in unison with 
it, transmits the sound to the observer's ear. 
phonendoskiascope (fo-nen"do-ski'as-kop). A 
phonendoscope combined with a fluorescent screen 
for observing the heart movements at the same time 
as the heart-sounds are heard. 
phonetic (fo-net'ik) [Gr. ^wptjtikos]. Pertaining to 
the voice or to articulate sounds. 
phonetics (fo-net'iks). The science of vocal 
sounds. 
phonic (fo'nik) [Gr. voice]. Pertaining to the 
voice. 
phonism (fo'nizm) [Gr. <pwv-q voice]. A sound or 
sensation of hearing produced by the effect of 
something seen, felt, tasted, smelt, or thought of. 
phono-auscultation (fo"no-aws-kul-ta'shun). 
Auscultation in which a tuning-fork is placed over 
the organ to be examined and its vibrations are 
listened to through a stethoscope placed over the 
same organ. 
phonocardiogram (fo-no-kar'de-o-gram) [Gr. vwy-q 
voice + KapSia heart + ypappa mark]. An in- 
strument for registering variation in the heart's 
tone. 
phonocardiography (fo"no-kar-de-og'raf-e). The 
mechanic recording of the sounds of the heart. 
phonogram (fo'no-gram) [Gr. <pwvr) voice + 
ypaupa mark], A graphic record of a sound, as, 
for instance, a heart sound. 
phonograph (fo'no-graf) [Gr. <pwvr) voice + ypa- 
<pew to write]. An instrument for recording and re- 
producing sounds and speech. 
phonology (fo-nol'o-je) [Gr. <pwvq voice + X070S 
sound]. The science which treats of vocal sounds; 
phonetics. 
phonomania (fo-no-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. <povq murder + 
pavia madness]. Insanity marked by a tendency 
to commit murder. 
phonomassage (fo"no-mas-ahzh'). The treatment 
of ear disease by an apparatus which carries more 
or less of musical vibration into the auditory 
canal. 
PHONOMASSAGE phonometer (fo-nom'et-er) [Gr. voice + pe- 
rpov measure]. A device for measuring the in- 
tensity of sounds. 
phonomyoclonus (fo-no-mi-ok'lo-nus). A con- 
dition in which a sound is heard on auscultation 
over a muscle affected with myoclonus, whether 
it is at rest or contracting. 
phonopathy (fo-nop'ath-e) [Gr. voice + 
7ra0os disease]. Any disease or disorder of the 
organs of speech. 
phonophobia (fo-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. (pwvq voice + 
<p60os fear]. Morbid dread of speaking aloud. 
phonophore (fo'no-for) [Gr. <pa>vri sound + <pepuv 
to carry]. 1. An ossicle of the ear. 2. A kind 
of improved stethoscope, acting on the principle 
of an ear-trumpet, and rendering, the sounds more 
audible. 
phonophotography (fo"no-fo-tog'raf-e) [Gr. 
<puvi) sound + photography]. Photographic record- 
ing of the movements of a diaphragm set up by 
waves of sound. 
phonopneumomassage (fo"no-nu"mo-mas- 
ahzh') [Gr. <pu>vq sound + irvevpa air + pa.tr crew 
to knead]. Air-massage of the middle ear. 
phonopsia (fo-nop'se-ah) [Gr. <pu>v-q voice + oi/as 
vision]. A subjective sensation as of seeing colors, 
caused by the hearing of sounds. 
phonoscope (fo'no-skop) [Gr. ipoivr) sound + 
aKoTreiv to view]. 1. An apparatus for record- 
ing photographically the movements of a diaphragm 
set up by the sounds of the heart. 2. An instrument 
for auscultatory percussion. 
phonoscopy (fo-nos'ko-pe). Recording of the heart 
sounds by the phonoscope. 
phoria (fo're-ah) [Gr. tpipeiv to bear]. The direc- 
tion or tendency of the visual lines, as in ortho- 
phoria, heterophoria, exophoria, etc. 
phoroblast (fo'ro-blast) [Gr. <popeiv to bear + 
ffXaaros germ]. Connective tissue. 
phorocyte (fo'ro-sit). A connective-tissue cell. 
phorocytosis (fo"ro-si-to'sis). Proliferation of con- 
nective-tissue cells. 
phorometer (fo-rom'et-er) [Gr. <popeiv to bear + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for ascertaining 
the degree and kind of heterophoria, or eye declina- 
tion. 
phorometry (fo-rom'et-re) [see phorometer]. The 
use of the phorometer. 
phorone (fo'ron). A yellowish, oily substance, 
CgH^O, obtained from acetone, camphoric acid, 
etc. 
phoro-optometer (fo"ro-op-tom'et-er). An optic 
instrument combining the revolving three-cell trial- 
frame, the double rotatory prism of 30 degrees, the 
Maddox multiple rod, and the phorometer. 
phoroplast (fo'ro-plast) [Gr. <popeiv to bear + 
irXacros formed]. Connective tissue. 
phoropter (fo-rop'ter). A phorometer fitted with 
a battery of cylindric lenses. 
phoroscope (fo'ro-skop). A fixed trial-frame for 
eye-testing, with a head-rest which may be fastened 
to the table or the wall. 
phorotone (fo'ro-ton) [Gr. <popa motion + topos 
tension]. An instrument for exercising the muscles 
of the eye. 
phorozoon (fo-ro-zo'on) [Gr. <popa motion + 
£Qov animal]. The asexual stage in the life-his- 
tory of an organism. 
phorxal (forks'al). A hematogenic preparation of 
animal blood. 
phose (foz) [Gr. <pw$ light]. Any subjective sensa- 
tion, as of light or color. See aphose, centraphose, 
centrophose, chromophose, peripheraphose, periphero- 
phose, etc. 
phosferrin (fos-fer'in). A preparation of phos- 
phoric acid, ferric chlorid, and glycerin. 
phosferrol (fos-fer'ol). A proprietary prepara- 
PHONOMETER 
842 
tion of glycerophosphates, iron, strychnin, cod- 
liver oil, and malt extract. 
phosgene (fos'jen). A suffocating gas, carbonyl 
chlorid, COCL, employed by the Germans in the 
Great War. 
phosgenic (fos-jen'ik) [Gr. <pw$ light 4- yewav to 
produce]. Photogenic; light-producing. 
phosiron (fos-i'ern). The neutral iron salt of a com- 
plex phospho tartaric acid, containing 19 per cent, 
of iron and 65 per cent, of phosphorus. 
phosis (fo'sis). The production of a phose. 
phosote (fos'ot). A preparation of creosote (80 
per cent.) and phosphoric anhydrid (20 per cent.); 
a syrupy liquid: used in tuberculosis like creosote 
carbonate. 
phosphagon (fos'fag-on). An elixir of the alka- 
line glycerophosphates: proprietary. 
phosphate (fos'fat) [L. phos'phas]. Any salt of 
phosphoric acid, acid p., any phosphate in 
which only one or two of the replaceable hydrogen 
atoms of the acid are taken up. alkaline p., 
a phosphate of an alkaline metal, as sodium 
or potassium. ammoniomagnesium p., 
a double salt of ammonium and magnesium with 
orthophosphoric acid: nearly allied to and often 
associated with triple phosphate, earthy p., 
a phosphate of any one of the alkaline earth-metals, 
normal p., any phosphate in which all the re- 
placeable hydrogen atoms are replaced. Stellar 
p., calcium phosphate, in star-shaped masses of 
crystals, occurring in urinary deposits, triple 
p., a phosphate of magnesium, ammonium, and 
calcium sometimes found in the urine: micro- 
cosmic salt. 
phosphated (fos'fa-ted). Containing phosphates. 
phosphatic (fos-fat'ik). Pertaining to or contain- 
ing phosphates. 
phosphatid (fos'fat-id). Any one of a class of 
lipoid substances which are esters of orthophos- 
phoric acid; they include lecithin and cephalin. 
phosphatin (fos'fa-tin) [Gr.]. Any one of a con- 
siderable group of phosphorus compounds resem- 
bling the phosphates and found in the brain sub- 
stance. 
phosphatol (fos'fat-ol). A thick, yellowish-red 
liquid preparation of creosote (90 per cent.) and 
phosphorus trichlorid, used in tuberculosis. 
phosphatometer (fos-fa-tom'et-er). An instru- 
ment for measuring the phosphates of the urine. 
phosphatoptosis (fos"fat-op-to'sis) [phosphate + 
Gr. TTTcocris fall]. The spontaneous precipitation 
of phosphates from the urine. 
phosphaturia (fos-fat-u're-ah) [phosphate -T Gr. 
ovpov urine]. 1. A high percentage of phosphates 
in any given specimen of urine. 2. Ready pre- 
cipitation of the earthy phosphates from the 
urine; phosphatoptosis. 
phosphene (fos'fen) [Gr. <p<3$ light + watvcLv to 
show]. A luminous appearance caused by press- 
ing upon the eyeball, accommodation p., the 
streak of light surrounding the visual field seen 
in the dark after accommodation. 
phosphergot (fos-fer'got). A preparation of 
sodium phosphate and ergot, exhibited in three 
or more forms or modifications: used in melan- 
cholia, hysteria, chlorosis, etc. 
phosphid (fos'fid). Any binary compound of 
phosphorus and another element or radical. 
phosphin (fos'fin). 1. Hydrogen phosphid, PH3: 
a gas and radical. 2. A coal-tar dye extremely 
destructive to infusorial life. It is used as a stain. 
Called also Philadelphia yellow. 
phosphite (fos'fit). Any salt of phosphorous acid. 
phospho-albumin (fos"fo-al-bu'min). 1. An al- 
buminous substance containing phosphorus. 2. 
A preparation of brain, spinal cord, and testes: 
used in anemia, chlorosis, and neurasthenia. Dose, 
4-8 gr. (0.26-0.5 gm.). 
PHOSPHO-ALBUM IN phosphoglobulin (fos-fo-glob'u-lin). Same as 
nucleo-albumin. 
phosphoglucoprotein (fos"fo-glu-ko-pro'te-in). 
A phosphorus-containing glucoprotein. 
phosphoguaiacol (fos-fo-gwi'ak-ol). Guaiacol 
phosphite, a proprietary remedy. 
phospholipin (fos-fo-li'yjn). A compound of phos- 
phoric acid and a lipin. 
phosphology (fos-fol'o-je) [phosphorus + Gr. kbyos 
discourse]. The doctrine of the effect of excess 
or deficiency of oxidizable phosphorus compounds 
in the bioplasm. 
phosphonium (fos-fo'ne-um). The univalent rad- 
ical, PHt, forming compounds analogous to those 
of ammonium. 
phosphonuclease (fos-fo-nu'kle-as). An enzyme 
that splits off phosphoric acid from a nucleotid. 
phosphoprotein (fos-fo-pro'te-in). A protein con- 
sisting of a compound of the protein molecule with 
some as yet undefined phosphorus-containing sub- 
stance other than nucleic acid or lecithin. To 
this group belong the vitellin of the yolk and casein 
of milk. 
phosphoptomain (fos-fo-to'ma-in). Any one of a 
class of toxic compounds found in the blood in 
phosphorus-poisoning. 
phosphorated, phosphoretted, phosphu- 
retted (fos'fo-ra-ted, fos'fo-ret-ed, fos'fu-ret-ed). 
Charged or combined with phosphorus. 
phosphorenesis (fos-fo-ren'es-is). Any disease 
due to excess of Calcium phosphate in the body. 
phosphorescence (fos-fo-res'ens). The emission 
of light without appreciable heat. 
phosphorescent (fos-fo-res'ent). Exhibiting light 
without heat. 
phosphorhidrosis, phosphoridrosis (fos"for- 
id-ro'sis) [phosphorus + Gr. iSpwais sweating]. 
The secretion of luminous sweat. 
phosphoric acid (fos-for'ik). See acid. 
phosphorism (fos'fo-rizm). Chronic phosphorus 
poisoning. 
phosphorized (fos'fo-rizd). Containing phospho- 
rus. 
phosphorous acid (fos'fo-rus). See acid. 
phosphoruria (fos-fo-ru're-ah) [phosphorus + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of free phosphorus in 
the urine. 
phosphorus (fos'fo-rus) [Gr. <p&s light + ipopeiv to 
carry]. A non-metallic, translucent element: 
poisonous and highly inflammable; symbol, P; 
atomic weight, 31.04. It occurs in the three forms 
-amorphous, metallic, and vitreous. It is obtain- 
able from bones, urine, and various minerals. 
The ordinary, or vitreous, phosphorus is the kind 
used in medicine, and is very inflammable and 
exceedingly poisonous. Free phosphorus causes 
a fatty degeneration of the liver and other vis- 
cera, and the inhalation of its vapor often leads 
to necrosis of the lower jaw. Therapeutically, it 
is used in rickets, osteomalacia, nervous and cere- 
bral diseases, scrofula, and tuberculosis; as a genital 
stimulant in sexual exhaustion, and as a tonic in 
conditions of exhaustion. Dose of phosphorated oil 
(o'leum phosphor a'turn), 1-3 min. (0.066-0.18 c.c.); 
of compound syrup, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.); of elixir, 
15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.); of spirit, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.33 
c.c.); of tincture (Thompson's), 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.); 
of phosphorus in substance, gr- (0.0005- 
0.0013 gm.), amorphous p., red p., a dark- 
red, amorphous substance, not poisonous, metal- 
lic p., rhombohedral p., an allotropic form 
with a metallic luster produced by heating ordinary 
phosphorus, ordinary p., vitreous p., a 
waxy solid, exceedingly poisonous. 
phosphotal (fos'fo-tal). Creosote phosphite: a 
proprietary remedy. 
phosphotungstic acid (fos-fo-tung'stik). See 
acid. 
PHOSPHOGLOBULIN 
843 
phosphuret (fos'fu-ret). Same as phosphid. 
phosphuretted (fos'fu-ret-ed). See phosphorated. 
phosphuria (fos-fu're-ah). Same as phosphattir.ia. 
photalgia (fo-tal'je-ah) [Gr. <p&s light + akyos 
pain]. Pain, as in the eye, caused by light. 
photaugiaphobia (fo-taw'je-ah-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 
<pa>rau7eca glare + <p6^os fear]. Abnormal in- 
tolerance of a glare of light. 
phote (fbt) [Gr. <p&s light]. The unit of photo- 
chemic energy. 
photerythrous (fo-te:rith'rus) [Gr. <p&s light + 
kpvOpbs red]. Sensitive to the red rays of the 
spectrum: said of a form of color-blindness in which 
green is not clearly recognized. 
photesthesis (fo-tes-the'sis) [Gr. <pws light + 
alaOyais feeling]. Sensitiveness to light. 
photic (fo'tik). Pertaining to light. 
photism (fo'tizm) [Gr. <p&s light]. A visual image; 
a sensation of color produced by a sensation of 
hearing, taste, smell, or touch. 
photo-actinic (fo"to-ak-tin'ik). Giving off both 
luminous and actinic rays. 
photobacterium (fo"to-bak-te're-um). A genus 
or form of photogenic bacteria from putrescent 
flesh. 
photobiotic (fo"to-bi-ot'ik) [Gr. <pus light + ^fos 
life]. Living in the light only. 
photocauterization (fo"to-kaw-ter-iz-a'shun) 
[Gr. <p&s light + cauterization]. Cauterization by 
radio-active means, such as radium, x-rays, etc. 
photocautery (fo-to-kaw'ter-e). i. Same as pho- 
tocauterization. 2. An instrument for producing 
photocauterization. 
photoceptor (fo-to-sep'tor) [Gr. <p&s light + cep- 
tor]. A nerve ceptor which receives sensations of 
light; photoreceptor. 
photochemic (fo-to-kem'ik). Pertaining to the 
chemic properties of light. 
photochemistry (fo-to-kem'is-tre) [Gr. light 
+ chemistry]. The branch of chemistry which 
. deals with the chemic properties or effects of 
light rays. 
photocinetic (fo"to-sin-et'ik). Photokinetic. 
photodermatism (fo-to-der'mat-izm) [Gr. <p&s 
light + Seppa skin]. Sensitiveness to light in 
epithelial cells. 
photodromy (fo-tod'ro-me) [Gr. <pws light + opbpos 
running]. The phenomenon of moving toward 
(positive p.) or away from (negative pi) light; as in 
the case of particles in suspension. 
photodynamic (fo"to-di-nam'ik) [Gr. <p&s light + 
Svvapts power]. Powerful in the light: said of 
the action exerted by fluorescent substances in 
the light. 
photodynamics (fo"to-di-nam'iks). The science 
of the activating effects of light. 
photodynia (fo-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. <pws light + bSvwp 
pain]. Photalgia. 
photodysphoria (fo"to-dis-fo're-ah) [Gr. <pws light 
+ Svatpopla distress]. Intolerance of light; pho- 
tophobia. 
photo-electricity (fo"to-e-lek-tris'it-e) [Gr. <pw 
light + electricity]. Electricity developed by 
the action of light. 
photo-element (fo-to-el'em-ent). A galvanic ele- 
ment which is decomposed under the influence 
of light and produces photo-electricity. 
photo-esthetic (fo-to-es-thet'ik) [Gr. <pws light 
+ alad-pacs sensation]. Pertaining to or having 
the sensation of light. 
photofluoroscope (fo"to-flu-or'o-skop). A form 
of fluoroscope used in making either observations 
or photographs by means of rontgen rays. 
photogastroscope (fo-to-gas'tro-skop) [Gr. 
light + ya<TTT]p stomach + aKoireiv to see]. An 
apparatus for photographing the interior of the 
stomach. 
PHOTOGASTROSCOPE photogen (fo'to-jen) [see photogene]. A substance 
supposed to exist in photogenic bacteria and to be 
the cause of their luminescence. 
photogene (fo'to-jen) [Gr. light + yevvav to 
produce]. Same as after-image. 
photogenesis (fo-to-jen'es-is) [Gr. <p&s light + gen- 
esis]. The production of phosphorescence, or the 
emission of light, as by bacteria. 
photogenic, photogenous (fo-to-jen'ik, fo-toj'en- 
us). Produced by light or producing light. 
photogram (fo'to-gram) [Gr. <p&s light 4- ypappa 
record]. The photographic record of a physio- 
logic experiment. 
photohematachometer (fo"to-hem"at-ak-om'- 
et-er) (Gr. <pw$ light 4- alpa blood 4- ra%vs swift 
4- perpov measure]. A device for making a photo- 
graphic record of the speed of the blood-current. 
photo-inactivation (fo"to-in-ak-tiv-a'shun). In- 
activation of complement by light. 
photokinetic (fo"to-kin-et'ik) [Gr. <pais light 4- 
kivt]tlk6s pertaining to motion]. Moving in re- 
sponse to the stimulus of light. 
photology (fo-tol'o-je). 1. The branch of physics 
which treats of light.. 2. Same as photalgia. 
photolysis (fo-tol'is-is) [see photolyte]. Decompo- 
sition by the action of light. 
photolyte (fo'to-lit) [Gr. <p&s light 4- Xwlv to dis- 
solve]. Any substance decomposable by the 
action of light. 
photolytic (fo-to-lit'ik). Decomposed by light. 
photomagnetism (fo-to-mag'net-izm). Magnet- 
ism induced by the action of light. 
photomania (fo-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. <p&s light 4- 
pavla madness]. Maniacal symptoms developed 
under the influence of light. 
photometer (fo-tom'et-er) [Gr. <p£s light 4- perpov 
measure]. A device for measuring the intensity 
of light. Forster's p. Same as photoptometer. 
photomethemoglobin (fo"to-meth-hem-o-glo'- 
bin). A compound formed by the action of light 
on methemoglobin. 
photometry (fo-tom'et-re) [Gr. <pws light 4- perpov 
measure]. 1. The measurement of light. 2. 
The reactions of an organism to varying intensities 
of light. 
photomicrograph (fo-to-mik'ro-graf) [Gr. 
light 4- pt-Kpbs small 4- ypaipew to record]. 1. 
The photograph of a microscopic object. 2. A pho- 
tograph of very minute size. 
photomicrography (fo"to-mi-krog'raf-e). The 
production of photomicrographs. 
photomicroscope (fo-to-mi'kro-skop). A mi- 
croscope and camera combined. 
photomicroscopy (fo-to-mi-kros'ko-pe). Photog- 
raphy of enlarged pictures of minute objects with 
the photomicroscope. 
photonosus (fo-ton'o-sus) [Gr. <pus light 4- vbaos 
disease]. Any disease or disorder, as of the eyes, 
due to excess of light. 
photopathy (fo-top'ath-e) [Gr. <p&s light 4- Kados 
affection], 1. Photonosus. 2. The attractive or 
repulsive influence of light upon organisms. 
photoperceptive (fo"to-per-sep'tiv) [Gr. <pws light 
4- perceptive]. Able to perceive light. 
photophilic (fo-to-fil'ik) [Gr. <p&s light 4- to 
love]. Loving light; fond of light. 
photophobia (fo-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. <p&s light 4- 
<pb^os fear]. Abnormal intolerance of light. 
photophobic (fo-to-fo'bik). Pertaining to or af- 
fected with photophobia. 
photophone (fo'to-fon) [Gr. <p&s light 4~ 
voice]. An instrument for producing sound by the 
action of waves of light. 
photophore (fo'to-fbr) [Gr. <p&s light 4* tpepecv to 
bear], A rhinoscopic or laryngoscopic lamp. 
PHOTOGEN 
844 
photopsia, photopsy (fo-top'se-ah, fo'top-se) [Gr. 
<pws light + oi^is vision]. An appearance as of 
sparks or flashes due to retinal disease. 
photoptometer (fo-top-tom'et-er) [Gr. light + 
birr os seen + perpov measure]. A device for test- 
ing the acuity of vision by determining the smallest 
amount of light that will render an object just visible. 
photoptometry (fo-top-tom'et-re). Measurement 
of light perception. 
photoradiometer (fo"to-ra-de-om'et-er). An ap- 
paratus for measuring the quantity of x-rays 
penetrating any given surface. 
photoreceptive (fo"to-re-sep'tiv) [Gr. light 4- 
receptive]. Photoperceptive. 
photoreceptor (fo"to-re-sep'tor) [Gr. <pws light + 
receptor]. A nervous end organ or receptor sensi- 
tive to light. 
photoscope (fo'to-skop) [Gr. <pus light 4- crKoireiv 
to see], A kind of fluoroscope. 
photoscopy (fo-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. <p&s light + <tko- 
ireiv to view]. The same as skiascopy. 
photosensitive (fo-to-sen'sit-iv). Sensitive to 
light. 
photosensitize (fo-to-sen'sit-iz) [Gr. <pws light 4- 
sensitize], To sensitize a substance or an organism 
to the influence of light. 
photosynthesis (fo-to-sin'the-sis) [Gr. <pws light4- 
awOeais synthesis]. A chemic combination 
caused by the action of light. 
phototaxis (fo-to-taks'is) [Gr. <pws light 4- ra^is ar- 
rangement]. The movement of cells and micro- 
organisms under the influence of light. 
phototherapy (fo-to-ther'ap-e) [Gr. <p&s light 4- 
therapy]. The treatment of disease by the influ- 
ence of light, especially by variously concentrated 
light-rays. 
phototropism (fo-tot'ro-pizm) [Gr. light 4- 
rporros a turning]. The growth or bending of or- 
ganisms under the influence of light. 
photoxylin (fo-toks'il-in) [Gr. <f>ws light + £vXov 
wood]. A kind of pyroxylin prepared from wood- 
pulp: used in preparing a collodion, and employed 
in microscopy and minor surgery. 
photuria (fo-tu're-ah) [Gr. light 4- ovpoo urine]. 
The excretion or passage of urine having a lumin- 
ous appearance. 
Phragmidiothrix (frag-mid'e-o-thriks) [Gr. <ppay- 
pos inclosure + -ibiov diminutive ending + 6pt% 
hair]. A genus of encapsulated bacteria whose cells 
appear as branchless threads. These cells divide 
into three directions and give rise to a cell-strand. 
Separate cells may grow through the capsule and 
give rise to branches. 
phren (fren) [Gr. <pp-qv], i. The diaphragm. 2. 
The mind or intellect. 
phrenalgia (fren-al'je-ah) [Gr. tppijv mind 4- aXyos 
pain]. 1. Same as psychalgia. 2. Pain in the dia- 
phragm. 
phrenasthenia (fren-as-the'ne-ah, fren"as-the-ni'- 
ah) [Gr. why mind 4- aadevaa weakness]. Feeble- 
ness of mind. 
phrenetic (fren-et'ik). Maniacal; a maniac, 
phrenic (fren'ik) [L. phren'icus; Gr. <ppijv mind; 
diaphragm], 1. Pertaining to the mind. 2. Per- 
taining to the diaphragm. 
phrenicotomy (fren-ik-ot'o-me) [phrenic nerve 4- 
Gr. ropn incision]. Surgical division of the phrenic 
nerve for the purpose of causing one-sided paralysis 
of the diaphragm, which then becomes pushed up 
by the viscera so as to compress a diseased lung. 
phrenitis (fre-ni'tis) [Gr. <pprjv mind + -ins in- 
flammation], Delirium or frenzy. 
phrenoblabia (fre-no-bla'be-ah) [Gr. <ppi)v mind 
+ ^Xd^T) hurt]. Mental disorder. 
phrenocardia (fren-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. <ppr)v mind 
4- Kapbia heart]. A psychic condition character- 
ized by pain in the cardiac region, respiratory dis- 
orders, and cardiac palpitation. Called also triad. 
PHRENOCARDIA of Hertz, car diasthenia, and cardiovascular neuras- 
thenia. . 
phrenocolic (fren-o-kol'ik). Connecting the dia- 
phragm and colon. 
phrenocolopexy (fren-o-ko'lo-peks-e) [Gr. <ppi)v 
diaphragm + koXov colon 4- fixation]. The 
operation of anchoring the prolapsed colon to the 
diaphragm. 
phrenodynia (fren-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. <pprp> mind + 
bbvvi) pain]. Pain in the diaphragm. 
phrenogastric (fren-o-gas'trik). Pertaining to the 
diaphragm and the stomach. 
phrenoglottic (fren-o-glot'ik). Pertaining to the 
diaphragm and the glottis. 
phrenograph (fren'o-graf) [Gr. (ppqv diaphragm 4- 
ypatpei-v to write]. An apparatus for recording 
the movements of the diaphragm. 
phrenohepatic (fre"no-he-pat'ik) [Gr. pp-qv dia- 
phragm + qnap liver]. Pertaining to the dia- 
phragm and the liver. 
phrenology (fre-nol'o-je) [Gr. ppqv mind 4- Xbyos 
discourse]. The study of the mind and character 
from the shape of the skull. 
phrenopathic (fren-o-path'ik). Psychopathic. 
phrenopathy (fre-nop'ath-e) [Gr. ppqv mind 4- 
irdOos disease]. Any mental disease or disorder. 
phrenopericarditis (fre"no-per-e-kar-di'tis) [Gr. 
pprjv diaphragm + pericarditis}. A condition in 
which the apex of the heart is attached to the dia- 
phragm by adhesions. 
phrenoplegia (fren-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. ppqv mind; 
diaphragm 4- irXriyri stroke]. 1. A sudden attack 
of mental disorder. 2. Loss or paralysis of the 
mental faculties. 3. Paralysis of the diaphragm. 
phrenoptosis (fren-op-to'sis) [Gr. ppqv diaphragm 
4~ mwais falling]. Downward displacement of 
the diaphragm. 
phrenosin (fre-no'sin). Agalactosid, probably C48- 
HsiNOs (Levene), obtained from brain substance. 
It yields on hydrolysis galactose, sphingosin, and 
phrenosinic acid. 
phrenosinic acid (fren-o-sin'ik). See acid. 
phrenospasm (fren'o-spazm) [Gr. ppqv diaphragm 
4- spasm}. Spasm of the diaphragm. 
phrenosplenic (fren-o-splen'ik). Connecting the 
diaphragm and the spleen. 
phrenosterol (fren-o-ste'rol). A sterol from brain 
substance. 
phrictopathic (frik-to-path'ik) [Gr. <ppixr6s pro- 
ducing a shudder 4* irados disease]. Causing a 
shudder: a term applied to a peculiar shuddering 
sensation caused by irritating a hysteric anes- 
thetic area during recovery. 
phronema (fro-ne'mah) [Gr. ppbv-qpa mind]. That 
portion of the cortex of the brain which is occupied 
by thought centers or association centers. 
phronetal (fro-ne'tal). Pertaining to thought. 
phrynin (fri'nin) [Gr. ppvvq toad]. A poisonous 
substance obtainable from the skin and secretions 
of various toads. Its properties resemble those of 
digitalin. 
phrynolysin (frin-ol'is-in) [Gr. ppvv-q toad 4- Xvacs 
destruction]. The lysin or toxin from toad venom. 
phthalate (tha'lat). A salt of phthalic acid. 
phthalein (thal'e-in). Any one of a series of color- 
ing-matters formed by the condensation of phthalic 
anhydrid with phenols. Some of them have a pur- 
gative action. See phenolphthalein. 
phthinoid (thi'noid). Tuberculous. 
phthiremia (thir-e'me-ah) [Gr. pOelpeiv to corrupt 
4- alpa blood]. A depraved state of the blood. 
phthiriasis (thir-i'as-is) [Gr. pOeipiains, p>0eip 
louse]. Infestation with lice. See pediculosis, p. 
cap'itis, lousiness of the hair of the head. p. 
cor'poris, the presence of lice on the body or 
clothing, p. inguina'lis, the presence of crab- 
lice on the pubic hairs. 
PHRENOCOLIC 
845 
phthiriophobia (thir"e-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. <p0etpiaais 
lousiness 4- pofios fear]. Morbid dread of lice. 
Phthirius (thir'e-us) [Gr. <p0eip louse]. A genus 
of the Hemiptera. P. pu'bis, the pubic or crab 
louse. It causes a dermatitis called phthiriasis. 
phthisic (tiz'ik) [Gr. <p0i<tik6s]. i. Affected with 
phthisis. 2. A popular name for asthma. 
phthisical (tiz'ik-al) [Gr. <p0iaiKos}. Affected with 
phthisis, or of the nature of phthisis. 
phthisicky (tiz'ik-e). Affected with asthma. 
phthisin (thi'sin). A therapeutic preparation of 
the bronchial glands of animals: used in lung dis- 
eases. 
phthisiogenesis (tiz"e-o-jen'es-is). The develop- 
ment of phthisis. 
phthisiogenetic, phthisiogenic (tiz"e-o-jen- 
et'ik, tiz-e-o-jen'ik). Causing, or pertaining to 
the causation of, phthisis. 
phthisiology (tiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. <p0lais wasting + 
Xoyos word]. The sum of knowledge in regard to 
phthisis. 
phthisiomania (tiz"e-o-ma'ne-ah) [phthisis 4- 
Gr. paula madness]. A morbid and mistaken be- 
lief that one has consumption. 
phthisiophobia (tiz"e-o-fo'be-ah) [phthisis + 
Gr. pbfdos fear]. Morbid dread of phthisis. 
phthisiotherapeutic (tiz"e-o-ther-ap-u'tik). Of 
or relating to the treatment of phthisis. 
phthisiotherapeutics (tiz"e-o-ther-ap-u'tiks). 
Phthisiotherapy. 
phthisiotherapeutist, phthisiotherapist 
(tiz"e-o-ther-ap-u'tist, tiz-e-o-ther'ap-ist). One 
who makes a specialty of the treatment of 
phthisis. 
phthisiotherapy (tiz"e-o-ther'ap-e) [phthisis + 
therapy}. The treatment of phthisis. 
phthisis (ti'sis or thi'sis) [Gr. <p0Lacs; tp0lav to con- 
sume]. i. A wasting away of the body or a part of 
the body. 2. Pulmonary consumption; pulmonary 
tuberculosis: a disease marked by progressive 
wasting or emaciation of the body, obstinate 
cough, with the expectoration of opaque matter 
and sometimes of blood, loss of strength, hectic 
fever, night-sweats, and diarrhea. The disease is 
due to the presence of the tubercle bacillus (Bacil'- 
lus tuber culo'sis) in the lungs, the pathologic lesion 
consisting of the development of granular consoli- 
dations, which eventually undergo softening, with 
the formation of cavities or vomicae, abdom- 
inal p., tuberculosis of the intestines and mesen- 
teric glands, bacillary p., that due to the 
bacillus of tuberculosis, basic p., tuberculosis 
of the base of the lung, black p. Same as 
anthracosis, bronchial p., tuberculosis of the 
bronchial glands, p. bul'bi, shrinkage and 
wasting of the eye. colliers' p., a form of in- 
terstitial pneumonia seen in colliers, and due to 
the inhalation of particles of coal-dust. p. con- 
firma'ta, the second stage of tuberculosis of 
the lungs, p. cor'neae, the shriveling and dis- 
appearance of the cornea after suppurative kerati- 
tis. p. despera'ta, the third stage of tubercu- 
losis of the lungs. diabetic p., the case- 
ous bronchopneumonia of diabetic patients, 
essential p. (of the eye), ophthalmomala- 
cia. fibroid p. 1. Chronic phthisis in which 
fibrous tissue is developed in the lung. 2. In- 
terstitial pneumonia, flax-dressers' p., a form 
of pneumonoconiosis occurring in flax-dressers, 
p. flo'rida, swift or galloping consumption, 
glandular p., tuberculosis of the lymphatic 
glands, grinders' p., pneumonoconiosis: lung 
disease due to the inhalation of solid particles by 
grinders and others.. hepatic p., tuberculosis 
of the liver, p. incip'iens, the first stage of tu- 
berculosis of the lungs, knife-grinders' p., 
grinders' phthisis, laryngeal p., tuberculosis of 
the larynx, miners'p., anthracosis, p.nodo'sa, 
miliary tubercle, non-bacillary p., any pseudo- 
tuberculosis not due to a bacillus, p. pancreat'- 
PHTHISIS PHTHISOPYRIN 
846 
PHYSINOSIS 
ica, a wasted condition associated with disease of 
the pancreas, p. phlegmat'ica, tuberculous dis- 
ease without loss of flesh, potters' p., silicosis, 
pulmonary p., tuberculosis of the lung, stone- 
cutters' p., pulmonary disease of stone-cutters 
due to the inhalation of particles of stone, p. 
ventric'uli, atrophy of the mucous membrane 
of the stomach and alimentary canal. 
phthisopyrin (thiz-o-pi'rin). A proprietary tuber- 
culosis remedy containing aspirin, sodium arsenite, 
and camphoric acid. 
phthisoremid, phthysoremid (this-o-re'mid). 
Koch's bacillary emulsion in capsule form. 
phulluah (foo'loo-ah). An oily medicine obtained 
in India from a plant: used in snake-bite, rheu- 
matism, sprains, etc., as an anodyne, antiseptic, 
and stimulant. 
phycochrome (fi'ko-krom) [Gr. <pwos seaweed + 
Xp&pa color]. 1. A blue-green pigment from 
various fresh-water algae of the simplest type. 2. 
Any plant or species of alga of the class Phyco- 
chromophyceae. 
phycochromoprotein (fi"ko-kro-mo-pro'te-in). A 
chromoprotein of the seaweeds as distinguished 
from the hemochromoproteins. 
phycocyan (fi-ko-si'an). A blue chromoprotein 
found in seaweeds. 
phycoerythrin (fi-ko-er'ith-rin). A red chromo- 
protein found in seaweeds. 
Phycomycetes (fi-ko-mi-se'tez) [Gr. <pvkos sea- 
weed + pvKrjs fungus]. A group of molds including 
the mucors. 
Phydip'pus tripuncta'tus. A venomous spider 
of America. 
phygogalactic (fi"go-gal-ak'tik) [Gr. <pevyew to 
avoid + yaXa milk]. Checking the secretion of 
milk; galactophygous. 
phylacagogic (fi-lak-ag-oj'ik) [Gr. <pvXa£ts guard- 
ian + ayoybs leading]. Inducing the formation of 
phylaxins or protective antibodies. 
phylacogen (fi-Iak'o-jen) [Gr. <pvXa£ guard + 
-yev to produce]. A proprietary preparation said 
to be a filtrate of bacterial cultures which, when 
injected into the body, tends to stimulate the 
formation of specific defensive proteins. 
phylactic (fi-lak'tik). Pertaining to or producing 
phylaxis. 
phylaxin (fi-laks'in) [Gr. <pvXa£ guard]. Any de- 
fensive protein found in immunized animals or 
persons. There are two classes of phylaxins. The 
first, or mycophylaxins, act by destroying the 
microorganisms themselves; the second, or toxo- 
phylaxins, destroy or neutralize the poisonous 
products of the bacteria. 
phylaxis (fi-laks'is) [Gr. <pvXa£ a guard]. Protection 
against infection; the bodily defense against in- 
fection. 
phyletic (fi-let'ik). Pertaining to phylogeny. 
phyllo-erythrin (fil-o-er'ith-rin). A derivative of 
chlorophyl formed in the intestinal canal of rumi- 
nant animals and found also in their bile. 
phyllopyrrol (fi-ko-pir'ol). Trimethylethylpyrrol, 
(CH3)3C4(NH)C2H6, from bile pigments. 
phyllo san (fil'o-san). A proprietary chlorophyl 
preparation for anemia, chlorosis, etc. 
phyllyrin (fil'ir-in). A substance, C24H34On, in 
silvery flakes: antipyretic. 
phylogenesis, phylogeny (fi-lo-jen'es-is, fi-loj'- 
en-e) [Gr. <pvXov tribe + yeveuis generation]. The 
development of an organism or of any organic 
type; the life-history of an organism or series of 
organisms. 
phylogenetic, phylogenic (fi"lo-jen-et'ik, fi-lo- 
jen'ik). Pertaining to phylogeny. 
phyloporphyrin (fil-o-por'fir-in). A compound, 
C32H34N4O2, from chlorophyl, very similar to 
hematoporphyrin. 
phyloxanthin (fil-oks-an'thin). A compound 
formed together with phyllocyanic acid by treat- 
ing chlorophyl with hydrochloric acid. 
phylum (fi'lum), pl. phy'la [Gr. <pvXov race]. One 
of the primary or main divisions of the animal or 
vegetable kingdom. 
phyma (fi'mah), pl. phy'mata [Gr. <pD^ia growth]. 
Any skin tumor or cutaneous tubercle; especially, 
a circumscribed swelling on the skin, larger than 
a tubercle, and produced by exudation into the sub- 
cutaneous tissue or the corium. 
phymatiasis (fi-mat-i'as-is). Same as tuberculosis. 
phymatiosis (fi"mat-e-o'sis). Tuberculosis. 
phymatoid (fi'mat-oid) [Gr. <pvpa growth + ei6os 
form]. Resembling a tumor or phyma. 
phymatorhusin (fi"mat-o-ru'sin) [Gr. ^9/xa growth 
+ pvais issue]. A dark pigment from hair and 
melanotic tumors. It is a form of melanin. 
phymatorrhysin (fi"mat-o-ris'in). Same as phy- 
matorhusin. 
phymatosis (fi-mat-o'sis). A condition character- 
ized by the presence of phymata. 
phymochrom (fi'mo-krdm). An arsenic compound 
of the thymus gland, used internally in skin diseases. 
physalides (fis-al'id-ez). The plural of physalis. 
physaliform, physalliform (fis-al'if-orm) [Gr. 
ipvoaXXls bubble + L. for'ma shape]. Resembling 
bubbles. 
physaliphore (fis-al'if-6r) [physalis + Gr. ipopelv 
to carry], i. A globular cavity in certain brood- 
cells of cancers. 2. More correctly, the cell itself 
which contains such a cavity. Cf. physalis. 
physalis (fis'al-is), pl. physal'ides [Gr. tpvaaXXLs 
bubble]. 1. A large brood-cell from a cancer. 
2. More correctly, a spheric cavity found in cer- 
tain cells, such as the large brood-cells of cancers 
or the giant-cells of sarcoma. 
physallization (fis-al-iz-a'shun) [Gr. <pv<raXXls 
bubble]. The formation of a permanent froth 
when a liquid is shaken together with a gas. 
Physalop tera (fis-al-op'ter-ah). A genus of nema- 
tode worms of the family Strongylidae found in the 
stomach and intestines of man and other verte- 
brates. P. caucas'ica occurs in Russia. P. 
mor'dens, a round worm not uncommon in ne- 
groes in East Africa. 
physconia, physcony (fis-ko'ne-ah, fis'ko-ne) [Gr. 
<pi)<TKwv pot-belly]. Enlargement or swelling of the 
abdomen. 
physiatrics (fiz-e-at'riks) [Gr. .puais nature + 
larpda healing]. The cure of disease by nature. 
physic (fiz'ik) [Gr. tpvacKbs natural]. 1. The art of 
medicine and of therapeutics. 2. A medicine, 
especially a cathartic. 
physical (fiz'ik-al) [Gr. <pv<riKbs]. Pertaining to 
nature or to the body. 
physician (fiz-ish'un). An authorized practitioner 
of medicine, attending p., a physician who 
attends a hospital at stated times to visit the 
patients and give directions as to their treatment, 
resident p. Same as intern. 
Physick's operation, pouches, tincture, etc. 
(fiz'iks) [Philip Syng Physick, American surgeon, 
1768-1837]. See under operation, pouch, tincture. 
physicochemic (fiz"ik-o-kem'ik). Pertaining to 
physics and chemistry. 
physicogenic (fiz"ik-o-jen'ik). Due to physical 
causes; of physical origin, as opposed to psycho- 
genic. 
physicotherapeutics, physicotherapy (fiz"ik- 
o-ther-ap-u'tiks, fiz"ik-o-ther'ap-e). Same as phy- 
siotherapy. 
physics (fiz'iks) [Gr. ipbaLS nature]. The science 
of the laws and phenomena of nature, but especi- 
ally of the forces and general properties of matter. 
physicum (fiz'ik-um). A preliminary examination 
in German universities leading to a doctor's degree. 
physinosis (fiz-in-o'sis) [Gr. nature + vbaos 
disease]. Any disease due to physical agents. physiochemic (fiz"e-o-kem'ik). Pertaining to 
physical chemistry. 
physiognomy (fiz-e-og/no-me) [Gr. tpbaLs nature 
4- yvupwv a judge]. 1. The determination of 
mental or moral character and qualities by the 
face. 2. The countenance, or face. 3. The facial 
expression and appearance as a means of diag- 
nosis. 
physiologic, physiological (fiz"e-o-lojzik, fiz"e- 
o-loj'ik-al). 1. Pertaining to physiology or the 
functions of the body and organs. 2. Normal; 
not pathologic. 
physiologico-anatomic (fiz-e-o-loj"ik-o-an-at- 
om'ik). Pertaining to physiology and anatomy. 
physiologist (fiz-e-ol'o-jist). A specialist in the 
study of physiology. 
physiology (fiz-e-olzo-je) [Gr. ipwrcs nature 4- \byos 
discourse]. The science which treats of the 
functions of the living organism and its parts, 
animal p., the physiology of animals, compar- 
ative p., the study and comparison of the physi- 
ology of animals or plants of various species, 
general p., the science of the general laws of 
Efe and functional activity, morbid p., the 
study of functions as modified by disease, path- 
ologic p., the study of disordered function or of 
function in diseased tissues, special p., the 
physiology of particular organs, vegetable p., 
the physiology of plants. 
physiomedical (fiz"e-o-med'ik-al). Of or relating 
to physiomedicalism. 
physiomedicalism (fiz"e-o-med'ik-al-izm) [Gr. 
ipvtrts nature 4- medicalism]. A system of medical 
treatment in which only plant remedies are used, 
excluding those which are poisonous. 
physionomy (fiz-e-on'o-me) [Gr. <pvais nature 4- 
vbpos law]. The science of the laws of nature. 
physiopathic (fiz"e-o-path'ik) [Gr. <pvais nature 4- 
irados disease]. Babinski's term for the non- 
psychopathic functional nervous disorders. 
physiopathologic (fiz"e-o-path-o-loj'ik). Per- 
taining to both the physiologic and pathologic 
conditions. 
physiopathology (fiz"e-o-path-ol'o-je) [physiology 
4- pathology]. The science of functions in dis- 
ease, or as modified by disease. 
physiopsychic (fiz"e-o-si'kik) [Gr. <pwri.s nature 4- 
tvxv mind]. Relating to both body and mind. 
physiosis (fiz-e-o'sis) [Gr. <pv<rlwai.s a puffing up]. 
Distention of the abdomen with flatus. 
physiotherapy (fiz^e-o-theriap-e) [Gr. <pvai.s na- 
ture 4- Oeparrela cure]. The use of natural forces, 
such as light, heat, air, water, and exercise, in the 
treatment of disease. 
physique (fiz-ek'). Bodily structure, organization, 
and development. 
physocele (fi'so-sel) [Gr. <pvaa air 4- KijXrj tumor]. 
1. A tumor filled with gas. 2. A hernial sac filled 
with gas. 3. Dilatation of the scrotum with 
gas. 
physohematometra (fi"so-hem"at-o-me'trah) [Gr. 
. <pvaa air pat pa blood 4- p'qrpa womb]. The pres- 
ence of gas and blood within the uterus. 
physohydrometra (fi"so-hi-dro-me'trah) [Gr. 
<pv<ra air 4- bbwp water 4- pijTpa womb]. Air or 
gas and serum in the uterine cavity, 
physometra (fi"so-me'trah) [Gr. <pvaa air 4- pr^rpa 
womb]. Air or gas in the uterine cavity. 
physopyosalpinx (fi-so-pi-o-sal'pinx) [Gr. ipvaa 
air 4* irvov pus 4- aaXircy^ tube]. Presence of 
pus and gas in the oviduct. 
Physostigma (fi-so-stig'mah) [Gr. <pyaa bellows 4- 
arlypa stigma]. A genus of tropical leguminous 
plants. The poisonous seed of P. veneno'sum, 
Calabar bean, a climbing plant of Africa, contains 
the alkaloids physostigmin and calabarin. Phy- 
sostigma is a motor depressant, miotic, and anti- 
spasmodic, in large doses producing death by par- 
alysis of respiration. It is employed in tetanus, 
PHYSIOCHEMIC 
847 
trismus, and other spasmodic affections; as an 
expectorant in bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema, 
and as a stimulant in atonic constipation and dila- 
tation of the stomach. Dose of extract, gr. 
(0.004-0.01 gm.); of fluidextract, 1-3 min. (0.066- 
0.2 c.c.); of tincture, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.). 
physostigmin (fi-so-stig'min). A miotic alkaloid 
from Calabar bean, C15H21N3O2. Called also 
eserin. It is highly poisonous, and is used as 
a miotic. Internal dose, gr. (0.0005-0.001 
gm.); for external use, gr. (0.001-0.003 
gm.). The salicylate and sulphate are the salts 
commonly used. p. salicylate, a compound, 
Cl5H21N3O2.C7H6O3, is used as a miotic in par- 
alysis of accommodation for the purpose of over- 
coming mydriasis and for reducing intra-ocular 
tension. Dose, ^5 gr. (0.0001 gm.); externally, 
by instillation, a 0.5 to 1 per cent, solution is em- 
ployed. p. sulphate, (C15H2IN3O2)2.H2SO4 4- 
7H2O, is used in veterinary medicine. 
physostigminism (fi-so-stig'min-izm). Poisoning 
by physostigmin. 
phytalbumin (fi-tal-bu'min) [Gr. <pvrbv plant + 
albumin]. Vegetable albumin. 
phytalbumose (fi-tal'bu-mos) [Gr. <pvr6v plant + 
albumose]. An albumose of vegetable origin. 
phytase (fi'tas). A ferment, found in the liver and 
the blood, which splits phytin into inosite and 
phosphoric acid." 
phytin (fi'tin). 1. A phosphorus compound derived 
from seeds probably [CH.OPO(OH)2]6: used as a 
nutrient. 2. A proprietary digestive and appetizer, 
said to be the potassium and magnesium salt of 
anhydro-oxymethylene diphosphoric acid. 
phyto- [Gr. <pvr6i> plant]. A prefix indicating rela- 
tion to a plant or plants. 
phytobezoar (fi-to-be'zor) [Gr. <pvrov plant 4- 
bezoar]. A hair-ball composed of vegetable fiber. 
See hair-ball. 
phytochemistry (fi-to-kem'is-tre) [Gr. <pvrbv plant 
+ chemistry]. The study of the chemic processes 
that take place in plants. 
phytogenesis (fi-to-jen'es-is) [Gr. <pvrbv plant 4- 
yeveacs generation]. The origin and development 
of plants. 
phytogenetic, phytogenic (fi'To-jen-et'ik, fi-to- 
jen'ik). Phytogenous. 
phytogenous (fi-toj'en-us) [Gr. <pvtov plant 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Derived from a plant, or 
caused by a vegetable growth. 
phytoglobulin (fi-to-glob'u-lin) [Gr. tpvTov plant 
-f- globulin]. Vegetable globulin. 
phytoid (fi'toid) [Gr. <f>vrbv plant + elbos form]. 
Resembling a plant. 
Phytolacca (fi-to-lak'ah) [Gr. <pvrbv plant + L. 
lac'ca lac], A genus of plants of many species, 
mostly poisonous. The fruit of P. decan'dra 
(phytolac'ca fruc'tus), poke or skoke, also the 
root of the same (p. ra'dix), an alterative, cath- 
artic, emetic, and antirheumatic. They have been 
used in rheumatism, parasitic diseases of the skin, 
hemorrhoids, and granular conjunctivitis. Dose of 
either the fruit or root in substance, 5-30 gr. (0.333- 
2 gm.); of fluidextract of root, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 
c.c.); of tincture, 8-60 min. (0.533-4 c.c.). 
phytolaccin (fi-to-lak'sin). A concentration pre- 
pared from the root of Phytolac'ca decan'dra. 
Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.19 gm.). 
phytolin (fi'to-lin). A proprietary preparation of 
Phytolac'ca decan'dra: said to cure obesity. Dose, 
10 min. (0.66 c.c.). 
phytoparasite (fi-to-par'as-it) [Gr. vvrbv plant 4- 
parasite]. Any parasitic vegetable organism or 
species. 
phytopathogenic (fi"to-path-o-jen'ik). Producing 
disease in plants. 
phytopathology (fi"to-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. <pvrbv 
plant 4- pathology]. 1. The pathology of plants. 
2. The pathology of morbid conditions caused 
by schizomycetes and other vegetable parasites. 
PHYTOPATHOLOGY phytophagous (fi-tof'ag-us) [Gr. <pvrbv plant 4- 
to eat]. Eating vegetable food. 
phytoplasm (fi'to-plazm) [Gr. <pvrbv plant 4- 
■wXaapa thing formed]. Vegetable protoplasm. 
phytoprecipitin (fi-to-pre-sip'it-in). A precipitin 
produced by immunization with protein substances 
of plant origin. 
phytoroides (fi-to-roi'dez). A proprietary anti-fat 
preparation of thyroid extract, phytolacca, Fucus 
vesiculosus, etc. 
phytosis (fi-to'sis) [Gr. <pvrov plant]. Any disease 
of bacterial origin. 
phytosterin (fi-tos'ter-in) [Gr. <pvrov plant + areap 
fat]. Same as phytosterol. 
phytosterol (fi-to-ste'rol). A sterol, C27H40O, 
found in grass and various plants. 
phytotoxin (fi-to-toks'in) [Gr. ^vtop plant + 
to^lkop poison]. A toxin derived from a plant, 
such as abrin, ricin, crotin, and robin. 
phytotrichobezoar (fi"to-tri-ko-be'zo-ar) [Gr. 
<pvrbv plant 4- 6pl^ hair + bezoar], See hair-ball. 
phytovitellin (fi-to-vi-tel'in). Vitellin of vegetable 
origin. 
phytoxylin (fi-toks'il-in) [Gr. ipvrov plant 4- ^vXov 
wood], A substance resembling pyroxylin: used 
in preparing celloidin sections. 
pia (pi'ah) [L. " tender "]. Same as pia mater. 
pia-arachnitis (pi"ah-ar-ak-ni'tis). Inflammation 
of the pia and arachnoid; leptomeningitis. 
pia-arachnoid (pi"ah-ar-ak'noid). The pia and 
the arachnoid considered as forming one organ; 
arachnopia. 
pial (pi'al). Pertaining to the pia. 
pialyn (pi'al-in) [Gr. iriap fat 4- Xveiv to loosen]. 
See lipase. 
pia mater (pi'ah ma'ter) [L. " tender mother "]. 
The innermost and most vascular of the three 
membranes of the brain (cerebral p.) and the 
spinal cord (spinal p.). 
piamatral (pi-ah-ma'tral). Pertaining to the pia 
mater; pial. 
pian (pe-ahn') [Fr.]. The yaws, or frambesia. 
p.-bois, a disease similar to frambesia, seen in 
the forest region of Guiana. It is marked by cir- 
cumscribed swellings on the skin of the legs, on 
which ulcers form. There are enlargement of 
the inguinal glands and pains in the legs. 
piano-players' cramp. See professional cramp, 
under cramp. 
piantic (pe-an'tik) [Gr. irtavTiKbs fattened]. Fat- 
tened for slaughter; a term applied to bacteria 
which are descended from sensitized parents and 
are thus more than ordinarily subject to agglutina- 
tion. 
piantication (pe-an-tik-a'shun) [see piantic]. The 
process of making subcultures from a sensitized 
culture of a particular strain of bacteria. The 
bacteria of the subcultures are more than ordinarily 
sensitive. 
piarachnitis (pi-ar-ak-ni'tis). Inflammation of the 
pia mater and arachnoid; leptomeningitis. 
piarachnoid (pi-ar-ak'noid) [pia 4- arachnoid]. 
The pia and arachnoid considered together as 
one mass. 
piarhemia, piarhsemia (pi-ar-he'me-ah) [Gr. iriap 
iatf-alpa blood]. The presence of fat in the blood; 
lipemia. 
piblokto (pib-lok'tb). An Eskimo name for an 
attack of hysteria among women in Greenland. 
pica (pi'kah) [L.]. A craving for unnatural articles 
of food; a depraved appetite. It is seen in hysteria 
and chlorosis and in pregnancy. 
piceus (pi'se-us) [L. pi'ceus]. Of the nature of 
pitch. 
pichi (pe'tshe). A Chilian drug, the resinous 
twigs of Fabia'na imbrica'ta: used in cystitis and 
PHYTOPHAGOUS 
848 
gonorrhea. Dose of extract, 5-10 gr. (0.333- 
0.666 gm.); of fluidextract, 15-150 min. (1-10 c.c.). 
Pick's disease or syndrome, liniment (piks) 
[Filipp Josef Pick, German physician, 1834-1910]. 
See under syndrome and liniment. 
picolin (pik'o-lin) [L. pix pitch 4- o'leum oil]. A 
colorless liquid base, alpha methyl pyridine, C5H4- 
N.CH3, from coal-tar, oil, etc. 
picraconitin (pik-rak-on'it-in). An alkaloid, 
C31H45NOio, from aconite. 
picradonidin (pik-rad-on'id-in). A bitter glucosid 
from Adonis: used like digitalis. Dose, gr. 
(0.006-0.015 gm.). 
picramic acid (pik-ram'ik). See acid. 
picrate (pik'rat). Any salt of picric acid. 
picratol (pik'rat-ol). Silver trinitrophenolate, Ce- 
Hs/NChh-OAg: used externally. 
picric acid (pik'rik). See acid. 
picrin (pik'rin) [Gr. ttikpos bitter], A bitter sub- 
stance from Digita'lis purpu'rea. Dose, gr. 
(0.016-0.033 gm.). 
picroadonidin (pik"ro-ad-on'id-in). A bitter, 
amorphous powder from Adonis: tonic and diu- 
retic. 
picrocarmin (pik-ro-kar'min). A stain prepared 
from picric acid and carmin and used in micros- 
copy. It consists of a mixture of carmin (1 part), 
ammonia (5 parts), and distilled water (50 parts), 
to which are added 50 parts of an aqueous solu- 
tion of picric acid. 
picroformal (pik-ro-for'mal). A saturated solu- 
tion of picric acid in water, mixed with a 6 per 
cent, aqueous solution of formal: used as a fix- 
ing agent. 
picrol (pik'rol) [Gr. rriKpbs bitter]. Potassium di- 
iodoresorcin monosulphonate, (OH)2.CsHl2.SO2OK, 
a colorless and odorless, bitter, antiseptic powder: 
used as a wound dressing like iodoform. 
picronigrosin (pik"ro-ni-gro'sin). A solution 
of picric acid and nigrosin in alcohol: used as a 
stain. 
picropodophyllin (pik"ro-pod-o-firin). A crys- 
talline principle from Podophyl'lum pelta'tum: 
medicinally active. It is said to be obtainable 
from podophyllotoxin also. 
picropyrin (pik-ro-pi'rin). A substance, in in- 
flammable yellow needles, derived from picric 
acid and antipyrin. 
Picrorrhiza (pik-ro-ri'zah) [Gr. ttikpos bitter 4- 
pl^a root]. A genus of herbs. The rhizome of 
P. kuer'va is tonic and antiperiodic. Dose, 10-30 
gr. (0.6-2.0 gm.). 
picrosaccharometer (pi"kro-sak-a-rom'et-er). 
An instrument used in estimating diabetic sugar. 
picrosclerotin (pik-ro-skle'ro-tin). A poisonous 
alkaloid occurring in ergot of rye. 
picrotoxin (pik-ro-toks'in) [L. picrotox'inum, from 
Gr. ircKpbs bitter 4- to^lkop poison]. A bitter, 
poisonous, crystalline principle, C3oH34Oi3, from 
coc'culus in'dicus. It resembles strychnin in action. 
It is used in chorea, night-sweats, etc., and in 
an ointment in pediculosis and tinea capitis. 
Dose, tIu-s's gr- (0.00054-0.0011 gm.). 
picrotoxinism (pik-ro-toks'in-izm). Poisoning by 
picrotoxin. 
pidan (pe'dan). Chinese preserved eggs; eggs which 
have been kept in an infusion of black tea, lime, 
salt, and wood ashes for about six months. 
piebald skin (pi'bawld). A condition in which the 
pigment of the skin is divided up into patches, or 
in which it is. lacking in certain areas. See leuko- 
derma and vitiligo. 
piedra (pi-e'drah) [Sp.]. A disease of bacterial 
origin in which nodules form on the shafts of the 
hair. It is caused by the Trichos'poron gigan'teum. 
p. nos'tras, piedra of the beard. 
piesesthesia (pi-e-zes-the'zhe-ah) [Gr. Trieacs press- 
PIESESTHESIA ure + aiu^a-ia sensation]. Pressure sensibility; 
the sense by which pressure stimuli are felt. 
piesimeter, piesometer, piezometer (pi-e-sim'- 
et-er, pi-e-som'et-er, pi-e-zom'et-er) [Gr. irfeais 
pressure + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
testing the sensitiveness of the skin to pressure. 
Hales' p., a glass tube inserted into an artery for 
the purpose of ascertaining the blood-pressure by 
the height to which the blood rises in the tube. 
piezesthesia (pi'e-zes-the'ze-ah). Piesesthesia. 
Piffard's paste (pif'ardz) [Henry G. Piffard, der- 
matologist in New York, 1842-1910]. See under 
paste. 
pigeon-breast (pij'un). See breast. 
pigment (pig'ment) [L. pigmen'tum paint]. 1. 
Any dye or paint; a paint-like medicinal prepa- 
ration to be applied to the skin. 2. Any normal 
or abnormal coloring-matter of the body, bile p., 
any one of the coloring-matters of the bile; they 
are bilirubin, biliverdin, bilifuscin, biliprasin, 
choleprasin, bilihumin, and bilicyanin, blood 
p., any one of the pigments derived from hemo- 
globin; they are hematin, hematoidin, hemosiderin, 
hematoporphyrin, methemoglobin, and hemofuscin. 
extraneous p's, those abnormal pigments which 
enter the body from without, hematogenous 
p., any pigment derived from the blood or from 
the blood-pigment. hepatogenous p., bile- 
pigment formed by disintegration of hemoglo- 
bin in the liver. malarial p., a pigment 
formed by the malarial parasite from the pigment of 
the blood, metabolic p., any pigment pro- 
duced by the metabolic actions of cells, respira- 
tory p's, substances, such as hemoglobin, which 
take part in the oxidation processes of the animal 
body. 
pigmentary (pig'men-ta-re). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a pigment. 
pigmentation (pig-men-ta'shun). The deposition 
of coloring-matter; the coloration or discolora- 
tion of a part by a pigment, extraneous p., 
pigmentation caused by coloring-matter intro- 
duced from outside of the body, vagabonds' p., 
pigmentation of the skin due to lice. 
pigmented (pig'men-ted). Stained by deposit of 
pigment. 
pigmentolysin (pig-men-tol'is-in). A lysin causing 
destruction of pigment. 
pigmentolysis (pig-men-tol'is-is) [pigment + Gr. 
\vais destruction]. Destruction of pigment. 
pigmentophage (pig-men'to-faj) [pigment + Gr. 
tpayeiv to eat]. Any pigment-devouring cell, 
especially such a cell of the hair. Called also 
chromophage. 
pigmentum nigrum (pig-men'tum ni'grum) [L. 
" black paint "]. The dark coloring-matter which 
covers the internal surface of the choroid coat of 
the eye. 
Pignet's formula (pin-yas'). See under formula. 
pigritis (pi-gri'tis) [L. pi'ger slow]. Sluggishness 
and inactivity of spirit from alcoholism. 
piitis (pi-i'tis). Inflammation of the pia mater. 
Pil., pil. An abbreviation of L. pil'ula, pill, or pil'- 
ula, pills. 
pilar, pilary (pi'lar, pil'a-re) [L. pila'ris]. Per- 
taining to the hair. 
pilaster (pil-as'ter). A superfluous ridge or fluting 
sometimes seen upon the femur. 
pilation (pi-la'shun) [L. pila'tio}. A hair-like 
fracture, as of the skull. 
Pilcz reflex, sign (pilts) [Alexander Pilcz, Austrian 
neurologist, born 1871]. See attention reflex, under 
reflex, and sign. 
pile (pil) [L. pi'la pillar]. An aggregation of similar 
elements for generating electricity, muscular 
p., layers of muscular tissue so arranged as to 
generate an electric current, thermo-electric 
p., a set of slender metallic bars which, on exposure 
PIESIMETER 
849 
to heat, generates a current of electricity that moves 
an index and is made to register delicate changes 
of temperature, voltaic p., a battery for cur- 
rent electricity made up of a series of metallic 
disks. 
pileous (pi'le-us). Hairy. 
piles (pilz). See hemorrhoid. 
pileum (pil'e-um) [L. a " hat "]. One of the 
cerebellar hemispheres. 
pili annulati (pi'li an-u-la'ti) [L. " ringed hairs "]. 
Leukotrichia annularis. 
piliganin (pi-lig'an-in) [piligan, a name of the 
plant which affords it]. A yellowish, amorphous, 
poisonous alkaloid, C15H21N2O, from Lycopo'dium 
sauru'rus, a South American plant: emetic, purga- 
tive, and convulsant. Dose of hydrochlorate, 
gr. (0.011-0.022 gm.). 
pilimictio, pilimiction (pi-li-mik'she-o, pi-li- 
mik'shun) [L. pi'lus hair + mic'tio micturition]. 
Passing of urine containing hair. 
pilin (pi'lin). 1. A fabric resembling spongiopilin. 
2. A cosmetic preparation of benzoated and 
aromatized alcohol. 
pill (pil) [L. pil'ula]. A small globular or oval 
medicated mass to he swallowed. A. B. S. p., a 
laxative pill, each one of which contains | gr. 
of aloin, gr. of extract of belladonna, and 3^ 
gr. of strychnin. Addison's p., a pill of calomel, 
digitalis, and squills. Aitken's p., a pill con- 
taining reduced iron, | gr.; quinin sulphate, 1 gr.; 
strychnin and arsenic trioxid, gr. each. An- 
derson's p., the compound gamboge pill. Asi- 
atic p., one containing arsenous acid and black 
pepper. Baillie's p., Guy's p. Barker's post- 
partum p., a laxative pill containing colbcynth, 
hyoscyamus, nux vomica, aloes, ipecac, and podo- 
phyllum. Becquerel's p's, quinin sulphate, 24 
gr.; extract of digitalis, 3 gr.; colchicum seed, 8gr.: 
to make 10 pills. Belloste's p., a pill containing 
mercury, white honey, aloes, black pepper, rhubarb, 
and scammony. Blancard's p., a pill of iodid of 
iron. Blaud's p., a pill of carbonate of iron, 
blue p., a pill of mercury (blue mass). Bois- 
ragon p's, powdered scammony, 12 gr.; 
mild mercurous chlorid, 12 gr.; compound ex- 
tract of colocynth, 40 gr.; aloes, 8 gr.; oil of cara- 
way, 4 min.: to make 14 pills. Chapman's p., 
mastic and purified aloes, each i| gr.; powdered 
ipecac, 1 gr.; J min. of oil of peppermint or fennel, 
cochia p., an actively cathartic pill of various 
composition, often aloetic. Cole's p., a pill 
containing gr. each of jalap, mass of mer- 
cury, and purified aloes, and gr. of antimony 
and potassium tartrate, compound cathar- 
tic p., a pill of colocynth, aloes, scammony, 
calomel, jalap, gamboge, etc. Debout's p., 
pill for migraine, made of extract of colchicum and 
quinin sulphate, gr. each, and powdered digi- 
talis, J gr. dinner-p., a pill to be taken with 
the meals, enteric p., a pill coated with a sub- 
stance, such as salol, which will not dissolve in 
the stomach. Fothergill's p., a pill of calomel, 
squill, and digitalis. Gross ' S p., quinin sulphate, 2 
gr.; strychnin, gr.; morphin sulphate and arsenic 
trioxid, each gr.; extract of aconite leaves, | gr. 
Guy's p., a pill composed of 1 gr. each of digitalis, 
squill, extract of hyoscyamus, and blue mass. 
Haen's p's, pills composed of 10 gr. aloes, 3 gr. 
each of scammony and resin of jalap, 4 gr. of 
powdered ginger, 10 gr. of soap, made into 100 pills. 
Hall's p., a pill containing 1 gr. each of licorice 
extract, powdered soap, and molasses. Heim's 
p's. 1. Ipecac, J gr.; digitalis, J gr.; opium, | gr., 
and extract helenium, q. s. 2. Pills of gamboge, 
digitalis, squill, antimony, and extract of Pimpin- 
ella. Hooper's p's, pills of aloes and myrrh. 
Janeway's p., compound pill of aloes and podo- 
phyllin. Keyser's p., antileutic; proto- 
acetate of mercury, 0.6 gm.; manna, 0.12 gm. 
Make into 72 pills. Lady Webster's p., a 
dinner-pill of aloes and mastic, lapactic p., 
PILL PILLAR 
850 
PINOCYTOSIS 
a commercial pill containing aloin, strychnin, and 
belladonna. Meglin's p's, pills for headache 
containing extract of hyoscyamus, extract of vale- 
rian, and zinc oxid. Murchison's p., a pill for 
dropsy containing blue mass, 2 gr.; digitalis, j gr., 
and squill, i| gr. Niemeyer's p's. 1. A pill of 
quinin, 1 gr.; digitalis, gr., and opium, | gr. 
2. Same as Addison's p. Plummer's p., a pill 
of antimony and calomel; pilulae antimonii com- 
positae. Rufus' p., a pill of aloes and myrrh, 
triplex p., a pill of aloes, 2 gr.; mercurial mass, 1 
gr., and resin of podophyllum, J gr.: purgative and 
cholagogue. Twining's p., a pill of calomel, 
blue mass, and ipecac: used in the treatment of 
dysentery, vegetable cathartic p., a pill of 
colocynth, jalap, hyoscyamus, leptandra, and resin 
of podophyllum. 
pillar (pil'ar) [L. pi'la], A supporting structure, 
mostly occurring in pairs, as the pillars of the 
abdominal ring, fauces, diaphragm, and fornix, 
p's of the abdominal ring, the columns on 
each side of the abdominal ring. p. of the dia- 
phragm. Same as crura of diaphragm, p's of 
the fauces, the folds of mucous membrane on 
each side of the fauces, p's of the fornix, the 
anterior and posterior portions of the cerebral 
fornix behind and in front of the body. Uskow's 
p's, two folds of the embryo attached to the dor- 
solateral portion of the body-wall. From these 
pillars and the septum transversum the diaphragm 
is formed. 
pillet (pil'et). A little pill, or pellet. 
pilleus, pilleum (pil'e-us, pil'e-um) [L. for caul]. 
The membrane which sometimes covers a child's 
head at birth, p. ventric'uli, the portion of the 
duodenum just beyond the pylorus; also called pars 
superior duodeni, duodenal bulb, duodenal cap, 
pyloric cap, and bishop's cap. 
pillion (pil-yon'). A temporary artificial leg. 
pilocarpidin (pi-lo-kar'pid-in). A syrup-like alka- 
loid, C10H14N2O2, from jaborandi. 
pilocarpin (pi-lo-kar'pin). A powerfully sudorific 
alkaloid, C11H16N2O26, from jaborandi. It is a 
lactone derivative of methyl glyoxaline. Many of 
its salts have been medicinally employed. Dose 
of hydrochlorid and of nitrate, gr. (0.001- 
0.033 gm.). 
Pilocarpus (pi-lo-kar'pus) [Gr. ttiXos cap + Kapiros 
fruit]. A genus of rutaceous shrubs of tropical 
America. See jaborandi. 
pilocerin (pi-lo-se'rin). A toxic alkaloid, C30H44- 
N2O4, from the cactus, Pilocereus. 
pilocystic (pi-lo-sis'tik) [L. pi'lus hair + cystic]. 
Hollow, or cyst-like, and containing hairs: used 
of certain dermoid tumors. 
pilomotor (pi-lo-mo'tor) [L. pi'lus hair + mo'tor 
mover]. Causing movements of the hair. 
pilonidal (pi-lo-ni'dal) [L. pi'lus hair + ni'dus 
nest]. Having hairs for a nidus. 
pilose, pilous (pi'los, pi'lus) [L. pilo'sus]. Having 
long hairs. 
pilosebaceous (pi"lo-se-ba'shus). Pertaining to 
the hair-glands and sebaceous glands. 
pilosis, pilosism (pi-lo'sis, pi'lo-sizm) [L. pi'lus 
hair]. Excessive or abnormal growth of hair. 
pilula (pil'u-lah), pl. pil'ulce. Latin for pill. 
pilular (pil'u-lar). Resembling or pertaining to a 
pill. 
pilule (pil'ul) [L. pil'ula], A small pill, or pellet, 
pilus (pi'lus), pl. pi'li. Latin for hair. 
pirnelitis (pim-el-i'tis) [Gr. 7rqueXi) fat + -iris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the adipose tissue. 
pimeloma (pim-el-o'mah) [Gr. mpeXq fat + -upa 
tumor]. A fatty tumor; lipoma. 
pimelopterygium (pim"el-o-ter-ij'e-um) [Gr. ri- 
peXi) fat + TTTepv^ wing]. A fatty outgrowth 
upon the conjunctiva. 
pimelorrhea (pim"el-o-re'ah) [Gr. TripeXq fat + 
poia flow]. Diarrhea with fat in the stools. 
pimelorthopnea (pim"el-or-thop-ne'ah) [Gr. tti- 
/xeXij fat + orthopnea]. Difficulty in breathing 
while lying down, due to excessive fatness. 
pimelosis (pim-el-o'sis) [Gr. tci^Xt) fat], i. Con- 
version into fat. 2. Fatness, or obesity. 
pimeluria (pim-el-u're-ah) [Gr. TripeXri fat + ovpov 
urine]. The presence of fat in the urine. 
Pimenta (pim-en'tah) [Spanish pimen'ta allspice; 
L. pigmen'turn spice]. A genus of myrtaceous 
trees and shrubs of warm regions. The dried 
fruit of P. officina'lis, a tree of tropical America, 
is allspice. It is employed as an aromatic, stimu- 
lant, and carminative. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 
gm.). See aqua pimenttz and oil of allspice. 
Pimpinella (pim-pin-el'ah) [L.]. A genus of 
umbelliferous plants. The roots of P. mag'na 
and P. saxif'raga, Burnet saxifrage, are tonic, 
diuretic, emmenagogue, and carminative. Dose 
of tincture, | dr. (2 c.c.). See also anise. 
pimpinellin (pim-pin-el'in). A bitter, crystal- 
lizable principle, seen in colorless needles, from 
the root of Pimpind'la saxif'raga. 
pimple (pim'pl). A papule or pustule. 
pin (pin). In dentistry, a peg or dowel by means of 
which an artificial crown is fixed to the root of a 
tooth. 
pinacolin (pin-ak'o-lin). A clear, oily principle, 
C8H12O, with the odor of peppermint, derivable 
from acetone. 
pinapin (pin'ap-in). A preparation of pineapple 
juice, recommended for use in the treatment of 
gastric and nasal catarrh. 
Pinard's sign (pe-narz') [Adolphe Pinard, French 
obstetrician, born 1844]. See sign. 
pince-ciseaux (pans-se-zo') [Fr. " forceps-scis- 
sors "]. A cutting forceps used in iridotomy. 
pincement (pans-maw') [Fr.]. The pinching of 
the flesh in massage. 
pincers (pin'serz). The median deciduous incisor 
teeth in the horse. 
pine (pin) [L. pi'nus]. The name of many conife- 
rous trees, chiefly of the genus Pi'nus. The 
pines afford turpentine, volatile oils, rosin, pitch, 
tar, etc. 
pineal (pi'ne-al) [L. pinea'lis; pi'neus pine-cone]. 
1. Shaped like a pine-cone. 2. Pertaining to the 
conarium or pineal gland. See under gland. 
pinealectomy (pi"ne-al-ek'to-me) [pineal gland + 
Gr. cK-ropT) excision]. Excision of the pineal gland, 
pinealism (pi'ne-al-izm). Derangement of the se- 
cretion of the pineal body. 
Pinel's system (pe-nelz') [Philippe Pinel, alienist 
in Paris, 1745-1826]. See under system. 
pinene (pi'nen). A terpene, (CHs^.C.CgHz.CHs, 
found in turpentine and many essential oils. 
pineoline (pi'ne-o-lin). Ethereal extract of pine- 
needles: for use in skin diseases. 
pinguecula, pinguicula (pin-gwek'u-lah) [L. pin'- 
guis fat]. [BN A] A triangular, yellowish patch on 
either side of the cornea in old age, due to irritation 
from dust, etc., which leads to a colloid infiltra- 
tion. 
pinheroin (pin-her'o-in). A proprietary combina- 
tion of terpin hydrate and heroin. 
piniform (pin'if-orm) [L. pi'neus pine-cone + 
foPma form]. Conic or cone-shaped. 
pink and senna (pink). See worm-tea. 
pink disease. See erythedema. 
pink-eye (pink'i). An epidemic, contagious con- 
junctivitis due to the bacillus of conjunctivitis. 
pink-root. See Spigelia. 
pinna (pin'nah) [L. " wing "]. The projecting part 
of the ear lying outside of the head. See ear. 
pinnal (pin'al). Pertaining to the pinna. 
pinocytosis (pi-no-si-to'sis) [Gr. irlveiv to drink + 
kvtos cell]. The absorption of liquids by cells. PIT 
pinol (pi'nol). 1. A substance isomeric with or- 
dinary camphor, derivable from pinene. 2. A 
volatile oil from the leaves of Pi'nus pumil'io. 
pinoleum (pin-o'le-um). A proprietary remedy for 
respiratory catarrh. 
pinotherapy (pi-no-ther'ap-e). See peinotherapy. 
pint (pint) [L. octa'rius]. A measure of quantity 
(symbol O); 16 fluidounces (wine measure) or 
28.875 cubic inches. The imperial pint is equal 
to 20 fluidounces. See further under weights 
and measures. 
pinta, pinto (pen'tah, pen'to) [Sp. " painted "]. 
Mal de los pintos, or spotted sickness; a con- 
tagious skin disease resembling psoriasis, occur- 
ring in Mexico and other tropical countries. It 
is probably parasitic, and due to various species 
of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Monilia, etc. 
Pinus (pi'nus). See pine. 
pinus (pi'nus) [L.]. The pineal gland. 
pinuseptol (pi-nu-sep'tol). A proprietary pine oil 
emulsion: used as an antiseptic. 
pin-worm (pin'werm). Same as Oxyuris. 
pio-epithelium (pi"o-ep-ith-e'le-um). Epithelium 
in which fatty matter is deposited. 
pionemia, pionsemia (pi-o-ne'me-ah) [Gr. irlwv 
fat -f- alpa blood]. The presence of fat or oil in 
the blood; lipemia. 
Pioph'ila ca'sei. The fly whose larva: are the 
"cheese-skippers" and a common cause of intes- 
tinal myiasis. 
Piorkowski's medium (pe-or-kov'skez) [Max 
Piorkowski, German bacteriologist, born 1859]. 
See under medium. 
piorthopnea, piorthopncea (pi-or-thop-ne'ah) 
[Gr. Tricin' fat + bpfibs upright + irvoia breath]. 
Dyspnea when lying down, due to the accumulation 
of fats. 
pioscope (pi'o-skop) [Gr. irlcev fat + aKorreiv to 
view]. An instrument for estimating the fat 
content of milk by comparing its color with the six 
shades painted on the instrument. 
pip (pip). A contagious disease of poultry affect- 
ing the eyes, nostrils, and tongue. 
pipe-jaw (pip'jaw). A painful condition of the 
jaws ascribed to the habit of carrying a tobacco- 
pipe in the teeth. 
Piper (pi'per) [L. "pepper"]. 1. A genus of 
plants producing kava-kava, betel, cubeb, matico, 
and pepper. 2. See pepper. 
piperazin (pip-er-a'zin). A crystalline base, di- 
ethylene diimin, NHfCFLhNH, soluble in water, 
and formed by the action of ammonia on ethylene 
bromid or chlorid. It is a solvent of uric acid; 
also an antiluetic and diuretic, and is used in 
gout, diabetes, and lithemia, and as a solvent for 
urinary calculi. Dose of hydrochlorate in 2 per 
cent, solution, hypodermically, 5 gr. (0.33 gm.); by 
the mouth, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
piperidin (pi-per'id-in). A liquid base, penta- 
methylene imin, CHzfCH^NH, derivable from 
piperin and from cadaverin. p. bitartrate, a 
crystalline compound recommended as a solvent 
for uric acid. 
piperin (pip'er-in) [L. piperi'num]. A crystalline 
or resinous principle, piperonylpiperidine, C17H19- 
NO3, from black pepper: antiperiodic. Dose, 1-5 
gr. (0.06-0.33 gm.). 
piperism (pi'per-izm) [L. pi'per pepper]. Poison- 
ing by pepper. 
piperonal (pi-per'o-nal). See heliotropin. 
piperovatin (pi-per-o'vat-in). An alkaloid, C16- 
H21NO2, from Pi'per ova'turn: it has spastic prop- 
erties. 
pipet, pipette (pe-pet') [Fr. pipette]. 1. A glass 
tube used in handling small quantities of liquid or 
gas. 2. To use the pipet. 
pipitzahoac (pip-it"zah-ho-ak') [Mex.]. The root 
PINOL 
851 
and rhizome of Pere'zia adna'ta, P. frutico'sa, 
and other Mexican plants: cathartic. 
pipsissewa (pip-sis'se-wah). See Chimaphila. 
piqtire (pe-koor') [Fr.]. Puncture, especially Claude 
Bernard's diabetic puncture. 
piriform (pir'if-orm) [L. pi'rus pear + for'ma 
shape]. Pear shaped. 
piriformis (pir-if-or'mis). See muscles, table of. 
Pirogoff's amputation, angle, operation 
(pir-o-gofs') [Nicolai Ivanowitsh Pirogoff, Russian 
surgeon, 1810-1881]. See amputation, angle, and 
operation. 
Piroplasma (pi-ro-plaz'mah) [L. pi'rum pear + Gr. 
irX6.trpa something formed]. A genus of sporo- 
zoans, parasitic in the blood-corpuscles of dogs, 
horses, sheep, and oxen. P. bigem'inum, a spe- 
cies causing Texas cattle fever and transmitted 
by the bite of infected cattle-ticks, Mar gar opus 
annulatus. They are pear-shaped bodies, seen 
usually in pairs in the red corpuscles. P. bo'vis, 
a species which causes the red-water or hemo- 
globinuric fever of cattle in Europe. P. cabal'li, 
a species causing biliary fever in horses in Russia 
and Siberia. P. ca'nis, a species found in dogs, 
causing a disease termed malignant jaundice or 
bilious fever. It is transmitted by a tick, Rhipi- 
cephalus sanguineus. P. commu'ne, a species 
causing an epizootic of dogs at Columbus, Ohio. 
P. diver'gens, a species differing from P. bigem- 
inum, but causing a similar disease. P. don- 
ovan'i. See Leishmania donovani. P. e'qui, a 
species causing hemoglobinuria and jaundice in 
horses. Called also Nuttalia equi. P. hom'inis, 
the blood parasite, thought to cause Rocky Moun- 
tain spotted fever, transmitted to man by the bite 
of the tick, Dermacentor venustus. It is an ovoid 
body, showing ameboid movement, and occupying 
the edge of the red blood-cells. See Rickettsia. P. 
mu'tans, a species of South Africa, smaller than 
P. bigeminum. P. o'vis, a species causing a disease 
in sheep. It is transmitted by the tick, Rhipiceph'- 
alus bur'sa. P. par'va, a species causing Rhode- 
sian red-water fever of cattle. It is found also in 
India and in Japan. Called also Theileria parva. 
Piroplasmidae (pi-ro-plaz'mid-e). A provisional 
family belonging to the hemosporidia, the type of 
which is Babesia bigeminum (Russell). 
piroplasmosis (pi"ro-plaz-mo'sis). Infection with 
piroplasma; a condition marked by chronic ir- 
regular fever, enlargement of the spleen, bronchi- 
tis, edema of the feet, subcutaneous hemorrhage, 
and dysentery, bovine p. Same as Texas fever. 
See under fever, equine p. See equine biliary 
fever, under fever. 
Pirquet's reaction (per'kaz) [Clemens von Pir- 
quet, Austrian pediatrist, born 1874]. See cuta- 
neous reaction, under reaction 
Piscidia (pis-id'e-ah) [L. pis'cis fish + cce'dere to 
kill]. A genus of leguminous trees. The bark 
of P. erythri'na, Jamaica dogwood, is a mild 
anodyne. Dose of fluidextract, 15-60 min. (1-4 
c.c.). 
piscidin (pis-i'din). A neutral principle from 
Piscid'ia erythri'na: used as an anodyne and 
antispasmodic. 
piscina (pis-i'nah) [L.]. A bath-tub. 
pisco (pis'ko) [the name of a town in Peru]. A 
variety of brandy made in Peru. 
pisiform (pi'sif-orm) [L. pisifoPmis; pi'sum pea 4- 
for'ma shape]. 1. Like a pea in shape and size. 
2. The pea-like bone at the ulnar side of the proxi- 
mal row of the carpus. 
Pistia stratiotes (pis'te-ah stra-te-o'tez) [LJ. A 
plant of Asia. Called taka panna in India: used 
there in measles. 
pistil (pis'til). The female organ of a flower. 
pit (pit). 1. A hollow fovea or indentation. 2. A 
pock-mark. 3. To indent, or to become in- 
dented, by pressure, auditory p., a depression PITCH 
852 
tonic effect upon the bladder. Dose, 10-20 gr. 
(0.6-1.2 c.c.) hypodermically. 
pituitrism (pit-u'it-rizm). Disorder of pituitary 
function. 
piturin (pit'u-rin). An alkaloid, C12H18N2, from 
Duboi'sia hopwood'ii. It resembles nicotin. 
pityriasic (pit-ir-i-a'sik). Pertaining to or affected 
with pityriasis. 
pityriasis (pit-ir-i'as-is) [Gr. irtrvpov bran]. The 
name of various skin diseases characterized by 
branny scales, p. al'ba atroph'icans, a disease 
with branny desquamation, followed by atrophy 
of the skin. p. cap'itis. Same as alopecia 
Jurfuracea. p. circina'ta, p. macula'taet cir- 
cina'ta, p. ro sea, a non-contagious skin disease 
with reddish, scaly patches, moderate fever, and 
usually with a short and favorable course, p. 
circina'ta et margina'ta, a variety of parasitic 
origin. Gibert's p., pityriasis rosea, p. grav- 
ida'rum, a skin discoloration peculiar to preg- 
nancy. Hebra's p., pityriasis rubra. p. lich- 
eno'des, maculopapular erythrodermia. p. lin'- 
guse, geographic tongue. See under tongue, p. 
ni'gra, pityriasis with skin pigmentation, 
p. nos tras, tinea nodosa, p. pila ris. Same 
as keratosis pilaris, p. ro'sea, an inflammatory 
disease of the skin, marked by rose-colored squam- 
ous macules and ring-shaped patches, chiefly upon 
the trunk; called also p. maculata et circinata and 
herpes tonsurans maculosus. p. ru'bra, an in- 
flammatory disease of the entire skin, sometimes 
chronic and often fatal. The skin becomes deep 
red in color and is covered with white scales, 
p. ru'bra pila'ris, a form characterized by 
keratinization of the epidermis, which exfoliates 
in small shreds, p. sim'plex, the ordinary 
pityriasis; seborrhcea sicca, p. tabescen'tium, 
general seborrhea with wasting of the body, 
p. uteri'num, chloasma uterinum, p. versic'- 
olor. Same as tinea versicolor. 
pityroid (pit'ir-oid) [Gr. Trtrvpov bran + eZ3os form]. 
Furfuraceous or branny. 
Pityrosporum (pit-e-ros'po-rum). A genus of 
fungi not yet cultivated. They are yeast-like and 
produce no mycelium. P. ova'le may be the 
cause of pityriasis simplex and also of pityriasis 
alba. 
piutinol (pi-u'tin-ol). A mixture of sulphur, pine 
oil, glycerin, and alcohol: used for preparing sul- 
phur baths. 
pix (piks), gen. pi'cis [L.]. See pitch, p. bur- 
gun'dica, Burgundy pitch. See pilch, p. 
canadensis, Canada pitch, p. carbo'nis 
prsepara'ta, prepared coal-tar. p. liq'uida, 
tar. p. lithan'thracis, coal-tar. 
pixcresol (piks-kres'ol). An antiseptic, disinfectant, 
and deodorant, C5H8N.SO. 
pixine (piks'In). A proprietary antiseptic and de- 
tergent ointment: used in skin diseases and for 
wounds. 
pixol (piks'ol). A disinfectant compound of soap, 
potash, and tar. It is used as a demulcent in 
skin diseases, and has been given in influenza. 
P. L., p. 1. Abbreviations for light perception. 
place, Kiesselbach's (plas). A thin point in the 
nasal septum where perforation is especially liable 
to occur. 
placebo (plas-e'bo) [L. " I will please "]. A medi- 
cine given to please or gratify the patient. 
placenta (pla-sen'tah) [L. " a flat cake "]. 1. Any 
cake-like mass. 2. The round, flat organ within 
the uterus which establishes communication 
between the mother and child by means of the 
umbilical cord. The placenta is a circular mass, 
about seven inches in diameter, about one inch 
in thickness, and weighing about sixteen ounces. 
It consists of an exterior, or maternal, portion, 
which is a smooth, shining membrane continuous 
with the sheath of the cord (amnion), and an 
internal, or fetal, portion, which is of a dark red 
PLACENTA 
on each side of the after-brain of the embryo, 
forming the labyrinth of the ear. basilar p., a 
pit in the crown of an incisor tooth above its 
neck, pterygoid p., a depression on the inner 
side of the neck of the condyloid process of the 
mandible for the attachment of the external ptery- 
goid muscle, p. of the stomach, the epi- 
gastrium or scrobiculus cordis. 
pitch (pitsh) [L. pix]. 1. A lustrous substance 
obtained by boiling coal-tar or wood-tar. 2. 
Natural asphalt of various kinds. 3. The height 
or acuteness of the voice, black p., naval p., 
an inflammable substance obtainable from the 
tar of various species of pine. Burgundy p. [L. 
pix burgun'dica], an aromatic, oily resin from 
A'bies (or Pi'cea) excel'sa, the Norway spruce of 
Europe: much used in plasters. Canada p., a 
resin from Tsu'ga canaden'sis, the hemlock tree; 
pix canaden'sis, useful in plasters, etc. hard p., 
soft p., bituminous substances produced in coal- 
tar distillation. Jew's p., mineral p., bitumen, 
liquid p., ordinary wood-tar. Trinidad p., 
asphalt from Trinidad, British West Indies. 
pitchblende (pitsh'blend). A black mineral com- 
posed principally of uranium oxid. From it are 
obtained radium and polonium. 
pitglandin (pit-glan'din). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary body. 
pith (pith). To pierce in the spinal cord or brain: 
a term used in vivisection. 
pithecoid (pith'ek-oid) [Gr. tlO^kos ape + echos 
form]. Ape-like. 
pithiatic (pith-e-at'ik). Pithiatric. 
pithiatism (pith-i'at-izm) [Gr. ireifiecv to persuade 
+ lotos curable]. 1. A state of body which renders 
the patient subject to persuasion; a term proposed 
by Babinski as the equivalent of hysteria. See 
hysteria. 2. The cure of nervous and mental 
disorders by persuasion. 
pithiatric (pith-e-at'rik). Capable of being cured 
by persuasion and suggestion. 
pithode (pi'thod) [Gr. ircOos wine-cask + elhos 
form]. The nuclear barrel-figure formed in kary- 
okinesis. 
pitometer (pit-om'et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the flow of water in pipes. 
Pitres' sections (pe-tres') [Albert Pitres, physi- 
cian in Bordeaux, born 1848]. See section. 
pitting (pit'ing). The formation of a depression 
following pressure on a part, due to edema. 
pittylen (pit-i'len). A condensation product of 
pine-tar and formaldehyd: used in skin diseases. 
pituglandol (pit-u-glan'dol). A proprietary extract 
from the infundibular portion of the pituitary body. 
pituita (pit-u'it-ah) [L.]. A glutinous mucus or 
phlegm. 
pituitarism (pit-u'it-ar-izm). Disorder of pituitary 
function. 
pituitary (pit-u'it-a-re). Pertaining to or secreting 
a mucus or phlegm, p. body. See under 
body. 
pituitin (pit-u'it-in). An extract from the posterior 
lobe of the pituitary body. 
pituitotrope (pit-u'it-o-trop). A person exhibiting 
pitui to tropism. 
pituitotropic (pit-u"it-o-trop'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by pituitotropism. 
pituitotropism (pit-u"it-o-tro'pism) [pituitary + 
Gr. rpo-Kos turning]. Pituitary constitution; a con- 
stitution in which the pituitary gland has an ab- 
normally marked influence. 
pituitous (pit-u'it-us) [L. pitulto'sus]. Pertaining 
to mucus or characterized by its secretion. 
pituitrin (pit-u'it-rin). A proprietary preparation 
of the posterior lobe of the pituitary body: used to 
promote uterine contractions in inertia uteri, to 
stimulate peristalsis in intestinal atony, and for its Anomalies of the Placenta: i, placenta with irregular lobes; 2, placenta in two unequal 
lobes; 3, irregular placenta; 4, small accessory placenta; 5, placenta succenturiata; 6, "battledore" 
placenta, oval; 7, placenta with velamentous attachment of cord ; 8, placenta with two equal lobes. PLACENTAL 
hue, divided by deep sulci into lobes of irregular 
outline and extent (the cotyledons), which project 
into depressions in the mucous membrane of the 
uterus. Over the maternal surface of the pla- 
centa is stretched a delicate, grayish, transparent 
membrane. Around the periphery of the pla- 
centa is a large vein (the circular vein), which 
returns a part of the maternal blood from the 
organ, the remainder returning to the maternal 
circulation by means of the continuity between 
the cotyledons and the uterine sinuses, acces- 
sory p., a portion of placental tissue distinct 
from the placenta, adherent p., one which 
adheres abnormally to the uterine wall after 
childbirth, annular p., one which extends 
around the interior of the uterus like a ring or 
belt, battledore p., one with a marginal 
attachment of the cord, bilobed p., duplex 
p., one made up of two parts or lobes, p. bi- 
parti'ta, bilobed placenta, p. circumvalla- 
ta, a cup-shaped placenta, cirsoid p., one 
the vessels of which appear to be varicose, 
p. dimidia'ta, placenta duplex, duplex p., 
one made up of two parts or lobes, p. febri'- 
lis, the enlarged spleen seen in malaria, p. 
fenestra'ta, one which has spots where the 
placental tissue is lacking, fetal p., that part 
of the placenta which comes next to the fetus, 
fundal p., one which is attached to the fun- 
dus in the normal manner. horseshoe- 
p., a crescentic form of placenta sometimes oc- 
curring in twin pregnancy, incarcerated p., a 
placenta retained by irregular uterine contrac- 
tions. p. margina'ta, a placenta which is sur- 
rounded by an unusual margin of elevated pla- 
cental tissue, maternal p., that part of the 
placenta which comes next to the uterine wall: 
rarely adherent when the rest of the placenta is 
expelled, p. membrana'cea, an abnormally thin 
form of placenta, multilobed p., a placenta 
having more than three lobes, p. obsole'ta, 
one of two opposed placentas which have no vascu- 
lar anastomosis, pandur if orm p., a placenta 
composed of two halves side by side, resembling a 
violin in shape, p. prae'via, a placenta which in- 
tervenes, between the intra-uterine cavity and the 
inner orifice of the cervical canal. It may lead 
to fatal hemorrhage, p. prae'via centralis, 
placenta praevia in which the center of the placenta 
corresponds to the os uteri, p. prae'via mar- 
gina'lis, placenta praevia in which the placenta 
comes up to, but does not cover, the os uteri, p. 
prae'via partialis, placenta praevia in which the 
os uteri is only partly obstructed, p. reflex'a, a 
placenta in which the margin is thickened so as to 
appear "turned up." p. renifor'mis, a kidney- 
shaped placenta. retained p., a placenta 
usually either adherent or incarcerated by ir- 
regular uterine contractions, and which in con- 
sequence fails to be expelled after childbirth. 
Schultze's p., a placenta which is expelled with 
the central part ahead of the periphery. p. 
spu'ria, a placental exclave which does not take' 
part in the nourishment of the fetus, stone-p., 
a placenta which contains calcareous or sabulous 
deposits of greater or less extent, students' p., 
a placenta retained in consequence of unskilful 
manipulation, succenturiate p., an accessory 
or subsidiary placenta, p. triparti'ta, a triple 
or triply divided placenta, p. truffee, a placenta 
containing small, dark-red infarcts, velamentous 
p., one in which the umbilical cord is attached at 
one edge, zonary p. Same as annular p. 
placental (pla-sen'tal). Pertaining to the placenta, 
placentapepton (pla-sen-tah-pep'ton). A pro- 
prietary preparation of peptone derived from the 
placenta and used for Abderhalden's optical test 
for pregnancy. 
placentation (pla-sen-ta'shun). The manner of 
formation and attachment of the placenta. 
placentin (pla-sen'tin). An extract from the pla- 
centa used in Abderhalden's test. 
853 
placentitis (plas-en-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
placenta. 
placentocytotoxin (pla-sen"to-si-to-toks'in). 
Same as placentolysin. 
placentolysin (pla-sen-tol'is-in) [placenta + Gr. 
Xims solution], A lysin formed in the serum of 
an animal into which have been injected placenta 
cells from another animal. It is destructive to 
the placenta of animals of the species from which 
the cells were originally taken. 
placentoma (pla-sen-to'mah). A neoplasm de- 
rived from a portion of the placenta retained 
after an abortion. 
placentotherapy (pla-sen-to-ther'ap-e) [placenta 
+ Gr. OepaTrela treatment]. The therapeutic use 
of preparations of the placenta. 
Placobdel'la catenig'era. A leech found in 
Europe that attacks man and various animals. 
placode (plak'od). A thickened plate of ectoderm 
forming the anlage of an organ in the embryo, as 
the ear (auditory p.) or eye (optic p.). 
placuntitis (pla"kun-ti'tis) [Gr. irXaKovs placenta]. 
Inflammation of the placenta. 
placuntoma (pla-kun-tomah) [Gr. ttXcikovs pla- 
centa + -upa tumor], Placentoma. 
pladaroma (plad-ar-o'mah). Pladarosis. 
pladarosis (plad-ar-o'sis) [Gr. irXaSapos soft], A 
soft or flaccid tumor of the eyelid. 
plagiocephalic (pla"je-o-sef-al'ik). Characterized 
by plagiocephaly. 
plagiocephalism, plagiocephaly (pla"je-o-sef'- 
al-izm,, pla"je-o-sef'al-e) [Gr. TrXayios oblique -f- 
KeipaXy head]. An unsymmetric and twisted 
condition of the head. It is usually produced 
by closure of half of the.coronal suture. 
plague (plag) [L. pla'ga, pes'tis; Gr. nXriyq stroke]. 
i. A pestilence or severe epidemic. 2. Malig- 
nant polyadenitis: known as bubonic or oriental 
plague;' an acute febrile and exceedingly fatal 
epidemic disease produced by Pasteurella pestis. 
It begins with fever and chills, quickly followed by 
great prostration similar to that of the typhoid 
state, and later by swelling of the lymphatic 
glands, forming buboes in the femoral, inguinal, 
axillary, and cervical regions. It is frequently 
attended with delirium, headache, vomiting, and 
diarrhea. The plague attacks rats, reptiles, and 
various animals; but the herbivorous animals are 
little liable to it. The disease is almost always 
transmitted through the bites of fleas (Xenopsylla 
cheopis) which have become infected by feeding on 
plague diseased rats, ambulant p., a form with 
slight fever; dangerous as a means of spreading the 
disease; the patient may die of a swift collapse, 
ambulatory p., pestis minor; a relatively mild 
form of true or oriental plague, blood p. See 
nambi-uvu. bubonic p. See plague (2d def.), 
cattle-p., a contagious disease of cattle, which 
sometimes affects sheep and goats, marked by fever 
and croupous diphtheritic lesions of the intes- 
tinal tract. The organism of the disease is 
unknown. Called also rinderpest and contagious 
typhus of cuttie. cellulocutaneous p., plague 
marked by inflammation and necrosis of the skin 
and subcutaneous tissues, and often associated 
with involvement of the lymph-nodes, defer- 
vescing p., a form which ends by a crisis, fowl 
p., a disease of domestic fowls, differing from 
chicken-cholera, and caused by some unknown 
organism. The disease occurs in northern Italy, 
Germany, and France. Called also chickenpest. 
glandular p. See plague (2d def.), hog-p., 
an infectious disease of swine: hog-cholera, lung 
p. See pleuropneumonia (2d def.), mild p., lar- 
val p., pestis minor: a mild form with buboes, but 
with little constitutional disturbance. Pahvant 
Valley p. See alkali disease, under disease. 
pneumonic p., an extremely fatal form of plague 
in which the bacilli become lodged in the air-cells of 
PLAGUE the lungs and produce inflammation, premoni- 
tory p., a mild form which sometimes foreruns the 
typical endemic variety, reindeer p., an epi- 
demic disease among the reindeer of Lapland, which 
kills thousands of calves and young animals. The 
cadavers show emphysematous edema, septice- 
mic p., bubonic plague with little or no local man- 
ifestation, but with severe constitutional symptoms. 
Siberian p., a destructive cattle disease of north- 
ern Asia, siderating p., a form, often pneu- 
monic and usually fatal before buboes appear, p.- 
spot, an ecchymosis seen in some cases of bubonic 
plague: probably due to the bite of vermin, swine 
p., an infectious disease of swine occurring spo- 
radically and caused by Bacillus (Pasleurelld) pestis. 
The lesions resemble those of hog-cholera, but show 
greater tendency to pleuritis and pneumonia, 
white p., tuberculosis. 
plane (plan) [L. pla'nus]. A flat surface. Addi- 
son's p's, planes used as landmarks in the to- 
pography of the thorax and abdomen. Aeby's 
p., a plane through the nasion and basion, per- 
pendicular to the median plane of the cranium, 
auriculo-infra-orbital p., a plane passing 
through the auricular points and the lowest points 
of the orbits, axiobuccolingual p., a plane 
parallel with the bony axis of a tooth and passing 
through the buccal and lingual surfaces, axio- 
labiolingual p., a plane parallel with the long 
axis of a tooth and cutting its labial and lingual 
surfaces, axiomesiodistal p., a plane parallel 
with, the long axis of a tooth and cutting its mesial 
and distal surfaces. Baer's p., a plane through 
the upper border of the zygomatic arches. Blu- 
menbach's p., a plane parallel with the base of 
a skull from which the lower jaw has been removed, 
datum p., a given horizontal plane from which 
craniometric measurements are made. Dauben- 
ton's p., a plane in which are the opisthion and 
the lower edges of the orbits. Hensen's p., a 
plane passing through the center of a series of sar- 
cous elements of a muscle-fibril. Hodge's p., 
a plane passing through the second sacral vertebra 
and the upper border of the os pubis, and parallel 
to the plane of the pelvic inlet, horizontal p., 
a plane passing through a tooth at right angles to 
its long axis, labiolingual p., a plane parallel 
with the long axis of a tooth and passing through 
the labial and lingual surfaces. Listing's p., a 
transverse vertical plane which is perpendicular 
to the anteroposterior axis of the eye, and which 
contains the center of motion of the eyes; in it also 
lie the transverse and vertical axes of voluntary 
ocular rotation. Meckel's p., a plane passing 
through the auricular and alveolar points, mesio- 
distal p., the plane of a tooth which passes 
through its mesial and distal surfaces. Mor- 
ton's p., a plane through the most projecting 
points of the parietal and occipital protuberances, 
nuchal p., the outer surface of the occipital bone 
between the foramen magnum and the superior 
curved line, occipital p., the outer surface of 
the occipital bone above the superior curved line, 
orbital p. 1. The orbital surface of the maxilla. 
2. The plane that passes through the visual axis of 
each eye. popliteal p., the popliteal space, 
sagittal p., a plane running in an anteroposterior 
direction, sternal p., the anterior surface of 
the sternum, temporal p., the depressed area 
on the side of the skull below the inferior temporal 
line, tentorial p., a straight line drawn through 
the tentorium, visual p. Same as orbital p. 
(2d def.). 
planimeter (pla-nim'et-er) [L. pla'nus plane + 
Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument used in 
measuring the area of surfaces. 
planithorax (plan-ith-o'rax). A diagram of the 
front and back of the chest. 
plankton (plank'ton) [Gr. irXavKrbs wandering]. 
The minor animals and plants found in a water- 
supply. Many are microscopic and some make the 
water unsavory. 
PLANE 
854 
planocellular (pla-no-sel'u-lar). Made up of flat 
cells. 
Pianococcus (pla-no-kok'us) [Gr. irXdpt) wander- 
ing + kokkos coccus]. A genus of motile bacteria 
whose cells divide in two dimensions, as in Micro- 
coccus, but which possess flagella. 
planoconcave (pla-no-kon'kav). Flat on one side 
and concave on the other. See lens. 
planoconvex (pla-no-kon'veks). Flat on one side 
and convex on the other. 
planocyte (pla'no-sit) [Gr. Tr\awq wandering 4- 
kvtos cell]. A wandering cell. 
Planorbis (plan-or'bis). A genus of snails. Several 
species act as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma 
mansoni. P. bois'syi, in Egypt. P. guadelupen'- 
sis, in Venezuela. P. oliva'ceus, in Brazil. 
Planosarcina (pla-no-saFsin-ah) [Gr. wan- 
dering + sarcina]. A genus of motile bacteria 
whose cells divide in three dimensions, as in Sar- 
cina, but which have flagella. 
planta (plan'tah) [L.], pl. plan'la [B N A]. The sole 
of the foot. 
Plantago (plan-ta'go). A genus of herbs; plantain. 
The root and leaves of P. ma'jor are astringent, 
refrigerant, and diuretic. 
plantain (plan'tan). See Plantago. 
plantar (plan'tar) [L. planta'ris]. Pertaining to 
the sole of the foot. 
plantaris (plan-ta'ris) [LJ. See muscles, table of. 
plantex (plan'tex). A proprietary cancer remedy, 
plantose (plan'tbs). An albumin from rape-seeds. 
It is nutritive. 
planula (plan'u-lah). The embryo in the stage 
when it consists of the two primary germ layers 
(ectoderm and endoderm) only, invaginate p., 
the gastrula. 
planum (pla'num) [L.]. A plane; a flat surface, 
p. nucha'le [B N A], the nuchal plane, p. oc- 
cipita'le [B N A], the occipital plane, p. or- 
bita'le, the orbital plane, p. poplite'um [B N 
A], the popliteal space, p. sterna'le [B N A], the 
anterior surface of the sternum, p. tempora'le 
[B N A], temporal plane. 
planuria (pla-nu're-ah) [Gr. irXavacrdac to wander 
+ ovpov urine]. The voiding of urine from an 
abnormal place. 
plaque (plahk) [Fr.]. i. Any patch or flat area. 
2. A blood-platelet, blood-p. See blood-plates, 
under plate, gelatinoid p., a gelatinous mass 
containing bacteria occurring on the teeth. Red- 
lich-Fisher miliary p's, thickened, dark 
colored areas in the neuroglia reticulum of the 
brain, seen in cases of senile psychoses. 
Plasencia's bacillus (plas-en'se-ahz) [L. Plasencia, 
pathologist in Havana, died 19231. See Bacillus 
influenza motilis. 
plasm (plazm). See plasma, germ-p. See germ- 
plasm. 
plasma (plaz'mah) [Gr. TrXdaaeip to mold], 
1. The fluid portion of the blood, composed 
of the serum and fibrinogen. 2. The lymph de- 
prived of its corpuscles or cells. 3. A glycerite 
of starch used in preparing ointments, albu- 
mose p., blood-plasm extracted after the injec- 
tion of albumoses. citrated p., blood-plasma 
treated with sodium citrate, which prevents 
clotting, p. depletion, plasmapheresis, p. 
mari'num, sea-water diluted until it is isotonic 
with the blood-plasma. It has been recommended 
for use in skin diseases, tuberculosis, etc., by intra- 
muscular injection, muscle-p., a liquid expres- 
sible from muscular tissue. It is sometimes injected 
subcutaneously as a restorative and stimulant, 
oxalate p., blood-plasma to which 1 per cent, of 
ammonium oxalate has been added. This pre- 
vents coagulation, peptone p. Same as al- 
bumose p. p. removal. See plasmapheresis. p.- 
rhexis. See plasmatorrhexis. salt p., blood- 
plasma to which a neutral salt has been added to 
prevent coagulation- 
PLASMA Various Forms of Malarial Parasites (Thayer and Hewetson). 
Figs, i to IO, inclusive, tertian organisms; Figs, n to 17, inclusive, quartan organisms, FIGS. 18 
to 27, inclusive, estivo-autumnal organisms. 
Fig. 1.-Young hyaline form; 2, hyaline form with beginning pigmentation; 3, pigmented form ; 4, 
full-grown pigmented form; 5, 6, 7, 8, segmenting forms; 9, extracellular pigmented form '; 10, flagellate 
form. 
Fig. 11.-Young hyaline form ; 12, 13, pigmented forms; 14, fully-developed pigmented form ; 15, 
16, segmenting forms ; 17, flagellate form. 
Figs. 18, 19, 20.- Ring-like and cross-like hyaline forms; 21,22, pigmented forms; 23, 24, segment- 
ing forms; 25, 26, 27, crescents. plasma-cell. See under cell. 
plasmacule (plaz'mak-ul). Any one of a multi- 
tude of minute particles said to exist in the blood- 
plasma. 
Plasmahaut (plaz'mah-howt) [Ger.]. The super- 
ficial layer of the protoplasm of a cell. 
plasmameba (plaz-mam-e'bah). A sporozoan 
parasite found in the blood-plasm in dengue and 
thought to cause that disease. 
plasmapheresis, plasmaphseresis (plaz-mah- 
fe're-sis) [plasma 4- Gr. atpalpecns removal]. 
Plasma removal; the removal of considerable quan- 
tity of blood, separating the corpuscles by centrif- 
ugalization, replacing the plasma by Locke's 
solution, and reinjecting this, together with the 
centrifugalized cells, into the body (Abel). 
plasmase (plas'mas). Fibrin-ferment. See under 
ferment. 
plasmasome (plaz'mas-bm) [plasma + Gr. a&pa. 
body]. A leukocyte granule. 
plasmatic (plaz-mat'ik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of the plasma. 
plasmatogamy (plaz-mat-og'am-e) [plasma + Gr. 
yauos marriage]. Union of cells in which the 
nucleus of each cell is preserved. 
plasmatorrhexis (plaz"mat-o-reks'is) [Gr. TrXau/za 
anything formed + prints rupture]. The burst- 
ing of a cell due to the pressure exerted from 
within. 
plasmatosis (plaz-mat-o'sis) The liquefaction of 
the substance of a cell. 
plasmeba (plaz-me'bah). The sporozoan parasite 
of dengue. 
plasmic (plaz'mik). Rich in protoplasm. 
plasmin (plaz'min). Any one of a series of cell- 
fluids derived from cultures of various bacilli by 
trituration with quartz and intense pressure. They 
are stated to have valuable remedial and im- 
munizing qualities. Denis' p., a substance ob- 
tained by treating blood with sodic sulphate 
and then with sodic chlorid. • 
plasmocyte (plaz'mo-sit) [Gr. TrXdtqua plasm + 
kvtos cell]. A cell-like microorganism of the blood- 
plasm or blood-cells. 
plasmocytoma (plaz"mo-si-to'mah). Same as 
plasmoma, 2d def. 
plasmodesma (plaz-mo-dez'mah) [Gr. TrXacrpa 
plasm + band]. The protoplasmic mate- 
rial which binds vegetable cells together (Stad- 
nicka). 
plasmodia (plaz-mo'de-ah). Plural of plasmodium. 
plasmodial (plaz-mo'de-al). Pertaining to a plas- 
modium. 
Plasmodioph'ora bras'sicae. A rhizopod organ- 
ism which causes a disease of cabbages and other 
cruciferous plants, called fingers and toes or stump 
root. 
plasmoditrophoblast (plaz-mo"de-trof'o-blast). 
The external layer of the trophoblast, represent- 
ing the syncytium. 
plasmodium (plaz-mo'de-um), pl. plasmo'dia [Gr. 
irXaapa plasm + eidos form]. 1. A mass of proto- 
plasm or a protoplasmic cell, formed by the union 
of several distinct forms whose nuclei remain 
separate. 2. A genus of the Sporozoa containing 
the malarial organisms. P. brasilia'num, a 
species found in monkeys in South America. It is 
much like P. malarue. P. ca'nis, a species found 
in dogs in India. P. cynomol'gi, probably iden- 
tical with P. inui except that Schueffner's dots 
are present. P. danilews'kyi, a species found 
in birds in Italy, in India, and in Africa. It is of 
interest because Ross first traced the development 
in the mosquito with this parasite. P. falcip - 
arum. See under P. malaria. P. falcip'arum 
quotidia'num, the parasite of quotidian estivo- 
autumnal fever. P. in'ui, a species pathogenic 
for monkeys (Macacus cymolgus and M. ne- 
PLASMA-CELL 
855 
mestrinus). P. ko'chi, a species pathogenic for 
chimpanzees and for monkeys. P. kytoplas- 
tokon, Schiller's supposed protozoan parasite of 
cancer. P. mala'rise, the hematozobn of ma- 
laria; a parasite existing in various forms in the 
red blood-corpuscles in malaria, and originally 
developed in the body of mosquitos of the genus 
Anopheles, being transmitted to man by the 
bite of such mosquitos. Three species are recog- 
nized: P. vi'vax, the tertian parasite; P. mala'- 
ria, the quartan parasite; and P. immacula'- 
tum or falcip' arum, the parasite of pernicious or 
tropical malaria. The parasite is an irregular mass 
of protoplasm exhibiting ameboid movements, and 
increasing in size until it fills the entire corpuscle, 
at the same time becoming pigmented. As the 
plasmodium grows the blood-corpuscle becomes 
paler, and finally segmentation of the plasmodium 
begins, continuing until each segment becomes a 
small spherule, when the corpuscle bursts and the 
spores escape. The cycle of development within 
the body of the mosquito, the sexual or sporogenic 
cycle, is as follows: When the mosquito takes 
malarial blood containing gametes into its stomach 
(the schizonts are digested) the macrogamete freed 
from its enveloping red cell projects a little mound 
on its surface, the microphyle. Into this, one, and 
only one, microgamete (flagella) penetrates, unites 
with its nuclear chromatin and so brings about 
fertilization and the formation of a zygote. This 
becomes motile (obkinet), attaches itself to the 
stomach wall and encysts (the oocyst). This grows 
and later subdivides into sporozoites which escape, 
wander to the salivary glands and from there enter 
another human host. The cycle of development 
in the human host then follows: A sporozoite, a 
long slender spindle-shaped organism which is 
introduced by the bite of the mosquito attaches 
itself to an erythrocyte, changes its shape to a 
ring form (trophozoite), and grows rapidly. It 
may develop into a sporont and await further 
development in the mosquito or into a schizont 
which grows at the expense of the red cell and 
when mature divides into merozoites which repeat 
the cycle. P. ova'le, a non-ameboid, pigmented 
round or oval form found by Stephens in malaria 
in man. P. pith'eci, a species found in the ou- 
rang-utang and in chimpanzees. It resembles P. 
vivax except that man is not susceptible, pla- 
cental p. Same as syncytium (2d def.). P. 
prse'cox, the parasite causing malaria of birds. 
P. ten'ue, a species from cases of malaria in India 
distinguished by its tenuity and ameboid activity. 
P. vi'vax. See under P. malaria. P. vi'vax 
minu'ta differs from P. vivax in being smaller and 
in having only 4 to 10 merozoites. 
plasmogen (plaz'mo-jen) [Gr. 7rXaa/za plasm + 
yevvav to produce]. The essential part of proto- 
plasm; bioplasm. 
plasmology (plaz-mol'o-je) [Gr. TrXaapa plasm + 
Xoyos treatise]. The study of the most minute 
particles or ultimate corpuscles of living matter. 
plasmolysis (plaz-mol'is-is) [Gr. vcXacqua plasm + 
Aims solution]. Contraction or shrinking of the 
protoplasm of a cell. Separation of the proto- 
plasm of a cell from the cell membrane. 
plasmolytic (plaz-mo-lit'ik). Tending toward, 
pertaining to, or characterized by, plasmolysis. 
plasmolyzability (plaz-mo-li-zab-il'it-e). The 
power of undergoing plasmolysis. 
plasmolyzable (plas-mo-li'zab-1). Capable of un- 
dergoing plasmolysis. 
plasmolyze (plaz'mo-liz). To subject to plasmol- 
ysis. 
plasmoma (plaz-mo'mah). 1. A mass of plasm-cells 
resembling a tumor. 2. A myoma made up of 
plasma cells. 
plasmon (plaz'mon). A flour-like food material 
made from skimmed milk, and consisting of the 
protein of milk. 
plasmoptysis (plaz-mop'tis-is) [Gr. irXaapa plasm 
PLASMOPTYSIS 856 
PLATE 
+ TTTveiv to spit]. Ejection of protoplasm from 
a cell through bursting of the cell-wall. 
plasmorrhexis (plaz-mor-eks'is) [Gr. TrXaa/xa 
plasm + splitting]. Same as erythrocytorrhexis. 
plasmoschisis (plaz-mos'kis-is) [Gr. TrXaa/xa plasm 
+ axiais fission]. The splitting up of cell-plasm, 
plasmosome (plaz'mo-sbm) [Gr. TrXaa/xa something 
formed + aw/za body]. 1. The true nucleolus of a 
cell. 2. Same as Altman's granules. See under 
granule. 
plasmotomy (plaz-mot'o-me) [Gr. TrXaa/za plasm-f- 
ropf) to cut]. Reproduction by the separation 
from the mother-cell of smaller masses of proto- 
plasm, each containing several nuclei. 
plasmotropic (plaz-mo-trop'ik). Pertaining to or 
causing plasmotropism. 
plasmotropism (plaz-mot'ro-pizm) [Gr. TrXaa/za 
plasm + rpoirei-v to turn]. Solution or destruction 
of erythrocytes in the liver, spleen, or marrow, as 
contrasted with their destruction in the circula- 
tion. 
plasmozyme (plaz'mo-zim) [plasma + Gr. ^vp-q 
leaven]. Same as thrombogen. 
plasome (plaz'om) [Gr. TrXaaaeti' to form]. The 
hypothetic unit of living protoplasm. 
plasson (plas'on) [Gr. TrXaaawp forming]. The 
protoplasm of a cytode, or non-nucleated cell. 
-plast [Gr. TrXaaros formed]. A suffix denoting 
any primitive living cell; as, bioplast. 
plastein (plas'te-in). An insoluble substance 
formed by the action of trypsin, pepsin, and auto- 
lytic enzymes on proteose solution. 
plaster (plas'ter) [L. emplas'trum]. A tenacious 
preparation for spreading upon the surface of 
the body. The chief plasters are named from 
their principal ingredients; as, aconite plaster, 
ammoniac plaster, arnica plaster, belladonna 
plaster, capsicum plaster, iron plaster, soap plaster, 
etc. adhesive p., a plaster of rosin, composed 
of rubber, petrolatum, and lead-plaster; emplas- 
trum resinas. See rosin p. antiseptic p., or- 
dinary adhesive plaster dipped in a hot solution of 
carbolic acid. p. bandage, a bandage impreg- 
nated with plaster-of-Paris. belladonna p., a 
plaster made of belladonna leaves 30 parts, or ex- 
tract of belladonna, and adhesive plaster 70 parts: 
used as an anodyne application, blistering- 
p., the cerate of cantharides. cantharides p., 
emplastrum cantharidis; cantharides cerate spread 
upon rosin plaster, capcine p., a proprietary 
capsicum plaster, capsicum p., a rubefacient 
plaster made of oleoresin of capsicum and rubber 
plaster, chalybeate p., iron-plaster, court- 
p., a plaster of isinglass on silk, diachylon p. 
Same as lead-p. Drouot's p., a mixture of can- 
tharides, mezereon, and resin, iron-p., a plaster 
made of ferric, hydrate, olive oil, Burgundy pitch, 
and lead-plaster. It is a gentle stimulant in affec- 
tions of the muscles and joints. Called also strength- 
ening p. p. jacket, a thoracic or trunk band- 
age stiffened with plaster-of-Paris. lead- 
p., emplastrum plumbi; a plaster containing 
lead oxid, olive oil, lard, and water triturated and 
boiled. It is used for applying to slight wounds 
and bruises and in the preparation of other plas- 
ters. Called also diachylon p. litharge p. 
Same as lead-p. mercurial p., a plaster con- 
taining mercury, oleate of mercury, hydrous wool- 
fat, and lead-plaster: used in treating gumma, p.- 
mull, a piece of mull or muslin treated with medi- 
cated gutta-percha: used in skin diseases, mus- 
tard-p., emplastrum sinapis; a mixture of pow- 
dered black mustard and a solution of rubber, 
spread on cotton cloth or other fabric, p.- 
of-Paris, calcined gypsum, or calcium sulphate: 
used in making stiff bandages or casts (p. bandage, 
p. splints, p. jackets') for deformities and fractures, 
opium p., a plaster containing extract of opium, 
water, and adhesive plaster: used as an anodyne 
application, pitch p., a rubefacient plaster made 
PLASMORRHEXIS 
of Burgundy pitch, frankincense, resin, yellow wax, 
oil of nutmeg, olive oil, and water, porous p., 
a form of manufactured plaster spread upon muslin 
pierced with holes, rosin p., a plaster containing 
rosin, 140 gm.; lead plaster, 800 gm.; yellow wax, 
60 gm.; called also emplastrum resina, rosin ad- 
hesive plaster, and adhesive plaster, rubber p., 
emplastrum elasticum; a mixture of rubber, resins, 
and waxes with an absorbent powder, such as 
starch, spread on cotton cloth or other fabric, 
soap p., a discutient plaster made of dried soap 
and lead-plaster, spice-p., a plaster containing 
yellow wax, turpentine, suet, benzoin, olibanum, 
and the oils of peppermint, nutmeg, and cloves: 
employed to allay abdominal pains in children, 
strengthening p. Same as iron-p. Vigo ' s p., 
a plaster containing lead-plaster, rosin, yellow wax, 
olibanum, ammoniac, myrrh, bedellium, saffron, 
mercury, turpentine, liquid storax, and oil of laven- 
der. warming p., plaster of pitch and canthar- 
ides. Z. O. p., rubber plaster to which zinc oxid 
has been added. 
plastic (plas'tik) [L. plas'ticus; Gr. TrXaaTiKOs]. 
Tending to build up tissues or to restore a lost part. 
plasticity (plas-tis'it-e). The quality of being 
plastic. 
plastics (plas'tiks). 1. Plastic surgery. 2. Plastic 
materials used in dentistry. 
plastid (plas'tid) [Gr. TrXaaris formed]. 1. Any ele- 
mentary constructive unit, as a cell. 2. Any spe- 
cialized organ of the cell other than the nucleus 
and centrosome. red p., a non-nucleated mam- 
malian adult red blood-corpuscle. 
plastidogenetic (plas-tid"o-jen-et'ik). Producing 
plastids or cells. 
plastidule (plas'tid-ul). The minutest unit of 
living protoplasm. 
plastin (plas'tin). One of the proteins of cell- 
nucleus: by some considered the essential con- 
stituent of the latter. 
plastocyte (plas'to-slt) [Gr. Tr\aar6s formed -|- 
kvtos cell]. A blood-plate. 
plastocytopenia, plastocytopaenia (plas"to- 
si-to-pe'ne-ah) [plastocyte + Gr. irevla poverty]. 
Decrease in the number of blood-plates below 
normal. 
plastocytosis (plas"to-si-to'sis). Abnormal increase 
in the number of blood-plates. 
plastodynamia (plas"to-di-na'me-ah) [Gr. TrXaarbs 
formed + Swajus power]. Power or ability to 
develop. 
plastogamy (plas-tog'am-e) [Gr. TrXaaros formed 
matter + yapos marriage]. Conjugation in pro- 
tozoa, in which the protoplasm of two or more 
individuals undergoes amalgamation, the nuclei 
remaining separate. See karyogamy and plasma- 
togamy. 
plastosome (plas'to-som) [Gr. TrXaaros formed + 
adipa body]. One of-the stainable granules or 
threads of the protoplasm. See mitochondria. 
plastron (plas'tron). The sternum and costal 
cartilages. 
plate (plat) [Gr. rrXar??]. 1. A flattened surface, espe- 
cially of bone; any flat structure or layer; a lamina. 
2. In dentistry, a thin piece of rubber, metal, or 
other substance for holding false teeth; an artificial 
denture, alar p. See dorsolateral p. anal p., 
the membrane which closes the anus in the embryo, 
approximation p., a disk of bone or other mate- 
rial used in intestinal surgery, auditory p., the 
bony roof of the auditory meatus, axial p., the 
primitive streak of the embryo, basal p. See 
ventrolateral p. blood-p's, circular or oval disks, 
from two to three micromillimeters in diameter, 
forming one of the constituents of the blood. They 
are believed to assist in producing coagulation. 
Called also hematoblasts and thrombocytes, bone- 
p., an approximation plate of bone, clinoid p., 
the portion of the sphenoid bone behind the sella turcica, collecting p., the electronegative ele- 
ment of a galvanic battery; the plate where the hy- 
drogen and other decomposition products collect, 
cribriform p., the horizontal plate of the ethmoid 
bone perforated with foramina which give passage 
to the filaments of the olfactory nerve from the 
cranial to the nasal cavity, p.-culture, a 
bacterial culture in agar or gelatin on a glass plate, 
cutis p., that part of the somite in which the der- 
matome develops, deck-p., that fetal structure 
which produces the pineal organ, the choroid plexus, 
and the tela choroidea. It is in the median line of 
the thalamencephalon. dental p., a plate of hard 
rubber, metal, or other material, fitted to the 
shape of the roof of the mouth, and serving for the 
support of false teeth, dorsal p., the dorsal 
longitudinal epithelial zone of the neural tube: 
called also roof plate and Deckplatte. dorsolateral 
p., either of the pair of dorsolateral longitudinal 
zones of the neural tube. From it are developed 
the dorsal gray columns of the spinal cord and the 
sensory centers of the brain. Called also alar 
plate, iving plate, encephalic region, and Flilgelplatte. 
end-p., the discoid terminal expansion of a motor 
nerve-branch, equatorial p., the plate-like 
collection of chromosomes at the equator of the 
spindle in karyokinesis. ethmovomerine p., 
the central part of the ethmoid bone in the fetus, 
floor-p., the plate that forms the floor of the 
primitive neural canal of the embryo. See ventral p. 
foot-p., the flat portion of the stapes, frontal 
p., a fetal plate of cartilage between the sides of 
the ethmoid cartilage and the sphenoid bone, 
frontonasal p., a fetal plate whence the 
external nose is developed, generating p., 
the electropositive element of a galvanic battery, 
gray p. Same as lamina cinerea. Lane p's, 
steel plates with holes for screws: used in fixing the 
fragments of a fractured bone, lateral meso- 
blastic p., the thickened portion on either 
side of the mesoblast, medullary p., neural 
p., the plate of epiblast in the embryo that 
becomes developed into the neural canal, me- 
sial p., the thickening of the mesoblast along each 
side of the notochord, forming two layers, moto- 
rial p. Same as end-p. neural p., the thick- 
ened plate of ectoderm in the embryo from which 
the neural tube develops, oral p., the area in the 
embryo which is later replaced by the opening 
between the mouth and the pharynx. or- 
bital p. i. The process of the frontal bone 
that forms the roof of the orbit. 2. The plate 
of the ethmoid bone that forms the greater part 
of the inner wall of the orbit. 3. The orbital 
process of the superior maxillary bone, palate p., 
that part of the palate bone which forms a lateral 
half of the roof of the mouth, parietal p., the 
outer layer of the mesial plate. Petri p., a Petri 
dish containing a nutrient medium ready for inocu- 
lation with the organism, reticular p., a form 
of nerve-ending in the ciliary body consisting of 
very fine reticulations of granular nerve-fiber, 
roof p. See dorsal p. segmental p., a plate 
of mesoblast on either side of the notochord 
at the posterior end of the embryo. From it 
the mesoblastic segments are formed, spiral 
p., the lamina spiralis, spring p., a dental plate 
held in place by the elasticity of the material which 
abuts against natural teeth, streak p., a plate 
of some culture-medium which has been poured, 
allowed to solidify, and then has had the infectious 
material smeared over its surface, usually in 
parallel streaks, subgerminal p., a sheet 
of protoplasm forming the floor of the segmenta- 
tion cavity of the ovum, suction p., a dental 
plate held in place in the mouth by atmospheric 
pressure, tarsal p., the quasicartilaginous 
substance which gives firmness to an eyelid, 
trial-p., in dentistry, a thin sheet of soft metal, 
wax, or other substance fitted to a model and 
used for the temporary support of artificial teeth 
while they are being adjusted in the mouth, 
tympanic p., a bony plate which forms the 
PLATE 
857 
floor and sides of the meatus auditorius. ven- 
tral p., the unpaired ventral longitudinal zone of 
the neural tube forming the floor of that tube. 
Called also floor plate and Bodenplatte. ventro- 
lateral p., either one of a pair of ventrolateral 
longitudinal zones of the neural tube. From them 
are developed the ventral gray column of the spinal 
cord and the motor centers of the brain. Called 
also basal p. and hypencephalic region, visceral 
p., the inner layer of the mesial plate, wing p. 
See dorsolateral p. 
plateau (plat-o'). An elevated and level area of 
land; any elevated area with a flat surface, ven- 
tricular p., a level part of the intraventricular 
curve of blood-pressure corresponding to the con- 
traction of the ventricle. 
platelet (plat'let). Same as blood-plate. See plate. 
platiculture (plat'e-kul-chur). Same as plate-cul- 
ture. 
plating (pla'ting). i. The act of applying bacterial 
culture-media to glass plates; the cultivation of 
bacteria on plates. 2. The application of plates 
to fractured bones for the purpose of holding the 
fragments in place. 
platinic (plat-in'ik). Containing platinum in its 
higher valency. 
platinode (plat'in-bd) [platinum + Gr. 636s way). 
The collecting plate of an electric battery. 
platinogold (plat'in-o-gold). Gold-plated platinum 
foil: used for dental fillings. 
platinous (plat'in-us). Containing platinum in its 
lower valency. 
platinum (plat'in-um) [L.]. A heavy, soft, whitish 
metal, resembling tin: symbol, Pt; atomic weight, 
195.2; specific gravity, 21.5. It also occurs as 
a black powder (p. black) and as a spongy 
substance {spongy pi). Metallic platinum is 
insoluble except in nitrohydrochloric acid, and 
is fusible only at very high temperatures; it 
is therefore used in the manufacture of chemic 
apparatus. Platinum black and spongy platinum 
have a strong affinity for oxygen, and act as 
powerful oxidizing agents, p. chlorid, platinic 
tetrachlorid, a poisonous substance, PCI4.5H2O: 
used as a chemic reagent and in syphilis. Dose, 
Fl gr. (0.008-0.033 gm.). 
Platner's bile. See under bile. 
platoscope (plat'o-skbp). An instrument for view- 
ing plane pictures so as to secure a plastic appear- 
ance. 
Plat'oum sterco'reum. See Chlamydophrys. 
platy- [Gr. TrXarvs broad]. A prefix signifying 
broad. 
platycelous, platycoelous (plat-is-e'lus) [Gr. 
rrXarvs wide + koiXos hollow]. Having verte- 
brae flat in front, or cephalad, and concave 
caudad. 
platycephalic, platycephalous (plat-e-sef-al'ik, 
plat-e-sef'al-us) [Gr. irXarvs wide + Ke<paXr) head]. 
Wide-headed; having a breadth-height index of 
less than 70. 
platycephaly (plat-e-sef'al-e). The state of being 
platycephalic. 
platycnemia, platycnemism (plat-ik-ne'me-ah, 
plat-ik-ne'mizm). Flatness laterally of the upper 
part of the tibia. 
platycnemic (plat-ik-ne'mik) [Gr. TrXarvs wide + 
knee]. Having the upper part of the tibia 
flattened laterally. 
platycoria (plat-ik-o're-ah) [Gr. irXarvs broad 4- 
Kopt) pupil]. A dilated condition of the pupil. 
platycrania (plat-ik-ra'ne-ah) [Gr. irXarvs wide + 
Kpavlov skull]. Artificial flattening of the skull. 
platycyte (plat'is-it) [Gr. TrXarvs broad + kvtos 
cell]. A variety of epithelioid cell found in tubercle 
nodules, intermediate between a leukocyte and a 
giant-cell. 
platyglossal (plat-e-glos'al) [Gr. irXarvs broad + 
yXwaaa tongue]. Having a broad, flat tongue. 
PLATYGLOSSAL platyhelminth (plat-e-hel'minth). One of the 
platyhelminthes. 
Platyhelminthes (plat"e-hel-min'thez) [Gr. 
TrXarus flat + eXpiPs worm]. The order of flat- 
worms. It includes the Turbellaria, Nemertea, 
Trematoda, Cestodaria, and Cestoda. 
platyhieric (plat"e-hi-er'ik) [Gr. irXarvs broad 4- 
lepop sacrum]. Having a wide sacrum; having a 
sacral index exceeding 100. 
platymeric (plat-im-e'rik) [Gr. irXarvs wide + 
pijpos thigh]. Having a broad femur. 
platymyoid (plat-im-i'oid) [Gr. irXarvs wide + pvs 
muscle]. Applied to muscle-cells in which the 
contractile stratum forms an even lamina. 
platyopia (plat-e-o'pe-ah) [Gr. irXarvs broad + 
face]. Broadness across the face. 
platypellic (plat-e-pel'ik) [Gr. irXarvs wide 4- 
TreXXa pelvis]. Having a wide pelvis. 
platypodia (plat-e-po'de-ah) [Gr. irXarvs wide + 
irovs foot]. Abnormal flatness of the foot. 
platyrrhine (plat'ir-In) [Gr. TrXarus wide + pls 
nose]. Having a broad nose; having a nasal 
index exceeding 51^. 
platysma myoides (pla-tiz'mah mi-oi'dez) [Gr. 
irXarvapa plate + pvs muscle + elbos form], A 
superficial muscle of the neck, representing the 
panniculus carnosus of certain of the lower ani- 
mals. See muscles, table of. 
platysmal (pla-tiz'mal). Pertaining to the platys- 
ma myoides muscle. 
platystencephalia, platystencephalism, pla- 
tystencephaly (plat"is-ten-se-fa'le-ah, plat"is- 
ten-sef'al-izm, plat"is-ten-sef'al-e) [Gr. irXarvarbs 
widest + eyKe<paXos brain]. A form of dolicho- 
cephalism in which the occiput is very wide and 
pentagonal, the jaws prognathic: observed among 
South Africans. 
platystencephalic (plat"is-ten-sef-al'ik). Noting 
a form of skull observed chiefly in South Africa; 
dolichocephalus, but broadened toward the oc- 
ciput, and with jaws of a prognathic type. 
platytrope (plat'et-rop) [Gr. irXarvs broad 4- 
rpeircKP to turn]. Either of two symmetric parts 
on opposite sides of the body; a lateral homo- 
logue. 
Playfair's treatment (pla'farz) [William Smoult 
Playfair, British physician, 1836-1903]. See un- 
der treatment. 
Plectridium (plek-trid'e-um) [dim. of Gr. irXrjKrpop 
hammer], A genus proposed by A. Fisher for 
the petrichious forms of motile bacilli. 
plectron, plektron (plek'tron)[Gr. irXij kt poo ham- 
mer]. The hammer form assumed by certain 
bacilli during sporulation. 
plectrum (plek'trum) [L. from Gr. irXrjKrpop ham- 
mer], 1. The uvula. 2. The malleus. 3. The 
styloid process of the temporal bone. 
pledget (pled'jet). A small compress or tuft, as 
of wool or lint. 
plegaphonia (pleg-af-o'ne-ah) [Gr. irXijyi) stroke 4- 
aphonia]. Auscultation of the chest during per- 
cussion over the larynx or trachea in cases in 
which the patient cannot or is not allowed to 
speak. The vibrations produced by the percus- 
sion take the place of those of the vocal cords. 
Plehn's granules (planz) [Albert Plehn, German 
physician, born 1861]. See under granule. 
pleiades (pli'ad-ez) [A collection of stars in the con- 
stellation Taurus]. A mass of enlarged lymphatic 
nodes. 
pleiapyrin (pli-ap-i'rin). A condensation product 
of benzamid and phenyl dimethylpyrazolon. An 
antipyretic and analgesic in doses of 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
pleiochromia (pli-o-kro'me-ah) [Gr. irXelwp more 
4- xP&pa color]. Increased coloration; especially 
increased secretion of bile-pigments. 
plejapyrin (plej-ap-i'rin). A colorless, odorless 
powder, a condensation-product of benzamid and 
antipyrin, used in migraine. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
PLATYHELMINTH 
858 
pleochroic (ple-o-kro'ik) [Gr. TXtaip more 4- xpoa 
color]. Same as pleochromatic. 
pleochroism (ple-ok'ro-izm). The condition of 
being pleochroic. 
pleochromatic (ple"o-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. TrXewj' more 
+ xpwpa. color]. Exhibiting different colors under 
different circumstances. 
pleochromatism (ple-o-kro'mat-izm) [Gr. TrXtwf 
more + xp&pa. color]. The property possessed by 
some crystals of transmitting one color in one 
position and the complementary color in a posi- 
tion at right angles to the first. 
pleocytosis (ple"o-si-to'sis). Increase of lympho- 
cytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, as in syphilitic dis- 
ease of the central nervous system. 
pleomastia, pleomazia (ple-o-mas'te-ah, ple-o- 
ma'ze-ah) [Gr. TrXewx' more + paaTos or pafos, 
breast]. The condition of having several breasts 
or nipples. 
pleomastic (ple-o-mas'tik) [pleomastia]. Having 
several breasts. 
pleomorphic, pleomorphous (ple-o-mor'fik, ple- 
o-mor'fus) [Gr. TrXeow more + pop^r] form]. Occur- 
ring in various distinct forms. 
pleomorphism (ple-o-mor'fizm). The assumption 
of various distinct forms by a single organism or 
species; also the property of crystallizing in two or 
more forms. 
pleonasm (ple'o-nazm) [Gr. TcXeopaapbs exaggera- 
tion], An excess in the number of parts. 
pleonectic (ple'o-nek-tik) [Gr. TrXeope^la greedi- 
ness]. Taking up more than the average amount 
of oxygen: a term applied to blood which will 
take up more than 79 per cent, of oxygen. Cf. 
mesectic. 
pleonexia (ple-o-nek'se-ah) [Gr. irXewp more 4- 
to have]. Morbid desire for acquisition; morbid 
greediness. 
pleonosteosis (ple"on-os-te-o'sis) [Gr. rXeow more 
4- oareop bone]. Abnormally increased ossifica- 
tion; premature and excessive ossification. 
plerocercoid (ple-ro-ser'koid). The completed 
larval stage of the tapeworm attained in the 
muscles of a fish. When eaten it develops into the 
adult form. 
plesiomorphism (ple-se-o-mor'fizm). Similarity 
in form. 
plesiomorphous (ple"se-o-mor'fus) [Gr. TrXrjalos 
near + pop<f>r) form]. Of like or similar form. 
plessesthesia (ples-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. TrX^a-aei^ to 
strike 4- alaO-qais feeling]. Palpatory percussion; 
percussion with one hand against a palpating 
finger of the other hand. 
plessigraph (ples'ig-raf) [Gr. TrX^aaeti' to strike + 
ypatpeip to write], A form of pleximeter designed 
to enable the user to mark out the limits of an area. 
plessimeter (ples-im'e-ter). Same as pleximeter. 
plessimetric (ples-im-et'rik). Pertaining to or 
performed by a pleximeter. 
plessor (ples'or). Same as plexor. 
plethora (pleth'o-rah, pleth-o'rah) [L.; Gr. irX^wp?; 
fulness]. A condition marked by vascular tur- 
gescence, excess of blood, and fulness of pulse. 
It is attended with a feeling of tension in the 
head, a florid complexion, and a liability to nose- 
bleed. p. apocop'tica, plethora following am- 
putation in which there is little loss of blood, p. 
hydrae'mica, increase in amount of blood due to 
increase in the watery element alone. 
plethoric (pleth-or'ik, pleth'or-ik). Characterized 
by plethora. 
plethysmogram (ple-thiz'mo-gram). A tracing 
made by the plethysmograph. 
plethysmograph (ple-thiz'mo-graf) [Gr. ■KX'qOvapbs 
increase + ypatpeip to record]. An instrument for 
recording variations in the size of parts and in 
the blood-supply, finger p., a plethysmograph 
which registers the change in volume taking place 
PLETHYSMOGRAPH PLETHYSMOGRAPHY 
859 
PLEUROPNEUMONIA 
in a single finger. Franck's p., a plethysino- 
graph consisting of an upright glass jar into which 
the hand and wrist are inserted. Mosso's p., 
a plethysmograph consisting of a glass tube filled 
with warm water into which the hand and forearm 
are placed. The changes in the water level, caused 
by the changes in volume of the limb, are graphic- 
ally recorded. 
plethysmography (pleth-iz-mog'raf-e). The re- 
cording of the changes in the size of a part as modi- 
fied by the circulation of the blood in it. 
pleura (plu'rah), pl. pleu'rce [Gr. wXeupa rib]. The 
serous membrane that invests the lungs {pulmo- 
monary p., visceral p.), lines the thorax {parietal p., 
costal p.), and is reflected upon the diaphragm 
{diaphragmatic p.). There are two pleurae, right 
and left, entirely shut off from each other. The 
pleura is moistened with a serous secretion which 
facilitates the movements of the lungs in the chest, 
cervical p., the pleura that comes up into the 
root of the neck, mediastinal p., a continua- 
tion of the costal pleura covering the side of the 
mediastinum, pericardial p., that part of the 
pleura which is fused with the pericardium. 
pleuracentesis (plu"rah-sen-te'sis). Same as pleu- 
rocentesis. 
pleural (plu'ral). Pertaining to the pleura. 
pleuralgia (plu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. TrXeupa rib + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the pleura, or in the side. 
pleuralgic (plu-ral'jik). Pertaining to or affected 
with pleuralgia. 
pleurapophysis (plu-rap-of'is-is) [Gr. TrXeupa rib + 
apophysis]. A rib, or its homologue. 
pleurectomy (plu-rek'to-me) [pleura + Gr. eKTopi] 
excision]. Excision of a portion of the pleura. 
See Fouier's operation, under operation. 
pleurisy (plu'ris-e) [Gr. TrXeupiris]. A disease 
marked by inflammation of the pleura, with ex- 
udation into its cavity and upon its surface. It 
may occur as either an acute or a chronic process. 
In acute pleurisy the pleura first becomes red- 
dened, and a soft, gray lymph exudes. This is 
the dry stage. The disease may stop here, or 
may progress to the second stage, in which a 
copious exudation of serum occurs (stage of 
liquid effusion). The inflamed surfaces of the 
pleura tend to become united by adhesions, which 
are usually permanent. The symptoms are a 
stitch in the side, a chill, followed by fever and a 
dry cough. As effusion occurs there is an onset 
of dyspnea and a diminution of pain. The patient 
lies on the affected side. Physical signs: First 
stage, impaired chest movement, feeble respira- 
tion, and friction-sound; second stage, dulness 
on percussion over the fluid, the area of dulness 
changing with changes of position; effacement 
of intercostal depressions. No sounds pass 
through the fluid to the ear when the patient 
coughs or speaks. Above the liquid increased 
percussion resonance and a friction-sound are 
noticed. This disease is differentiated from 
pneumonia by the less marked dulness, the crep- 
itant rale, the blowing respiration, the thoracic 
voice, and increased vocal fremitus of the latter 
disease, acute p., a form marked by sharp, 
stabbing pain, fever, friction fremitus, and to- 
and-fro friction-sounds. adhesive p., dry 
pleurisy, blocked p., pleurisy in which the 
exudate is imprisoned in a pocket so that it 
cannot be aspirated, chronic p., a dry sero- 
fibrinous, or purulent form, which is long con- 
tinued. chyliform p., a form in which the 
effused fluid has a milky appearance, circum- 
scribed p., pleurisy in which the inflammation is 
limited to a portion of the pleura, costal p., in- 
flammation of the pleura which lines the walls of 
the thorax, diaphragmatic p., a variety lim- 
ited to parts near the diaphragm, diffuse p., 
pleurisy in which the inflammation involves the 
entire surface of the pleura, double p., that form 
in which both pleurae are involved, dry p., a 
variety with comparatively dry fibrinous exudate, 
usually chronic, encysted p., a form with 
adhesions which circumscribe the effused material, 
fibrinous p., the dry and plastic varieties, hem- 
orrhagic p., a variety in which there is a bloody 
exudate, humid p., bronchitis, ichorous p., 
empyema with a thin, offensive pus. indurative 
p., pleurisy marked by thickening and hardening 
of the pleura, interlobular p., a variety in- 
closed between the lobules of the lung, latent p., 
a form attended with but little pain or inconveni- 
ence. mediastinal p., a variety that affects the 
pleural folds about the mediastinum, metapneu- 
monic p., pleurisy characterized by a thick pus 
and the presence of the pneumonia diplococcus. 
plastic p., a form characterized by the deposition 
of a soft, semisolid exudate in a layer, primary 
p.,, a form not consequent upon pneumonia or any 
other disease; generally due to injury or exposure, 
pulmonary p., inflammation of the pleura which 
covers the lungs. pulsating p., a form in 
which the heart's action conveys a perceptible 
throbbing to the effused fluid, purulent 
p. Same as empyema, secondary p., any 
pleurisy consequent upon an attack of some other 
disease, serofibrinous p., one with a watery 
exudate which contains flocculi, some fibrin 
being also deposited, serous p., a form char- 
acterized by free exudation of serum, sup- 
purative p., empyema, typhoid p., pleurisy 
with symptoms of severe prostration, visceral 
p. Same as pulmonary p. wet p., pleurisy 
with effusion, p. with effusion, pleurisy 
marked by serous exudation. 
pleurisy-root (plu'ris-e-root). See Asclepias. 
pleuritic (plu-rit'ik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of pleurisy. 
pleuritis (plu-ri'tis). Same as pleurisy. 
pleuritogenous (plu-rit-oj'en-us). Causing pleu- 
risy. 
pleurobronchitis (plu"ro-brong-ki'tis). Pleurisy 
and bronchitis combined. 
pieurocele (plu'ro-sel) [Gr. irXevpa rib + KffXrf 
hernia]. Hernia of lung tissue or of pleura. 
pleurocentesis (plu"ro-sen-te'sis) [Gr. TrXevpa rib 
+ Kevrea is puncture]. Puncture of the pleura; 
paracentesis of the chest. 
pleurocentrum (plu-ro-sen'trum) [Gr. irXevpa side 
+ Kevrpov center]. The lateral element of the 
vertebral column. 
pleurocholecystitis (plu"ro-ko-le-sis-ti'tis) [Gr- 
srXevpa. pleura + cholecystitis]. Inflammation of 
the pleura and the gall-bladder. 
pleuroclysis (plu-rok'lis-is) [Gr. irXevpa. side + 
kXvuis washing]. Injection of fluids into the 
pleural cavity. 
pleurocutaneous (plu"ro-ku-ta'ne-us). Pertain- 
ing to the pleura and the skin. 
pleurodynia (plu-ro-din'e-ah) [Gr. TrXevpa rib + 
b8vi>r) pain]. Paroxysmal pain in the intercostal 
muscles. It is a form of muscular rheumatism. 
pleurogenic, pleurogenous (plu-ro-jen'ik, plu- 
roj'en-us) [Gr. irXevpa rib + yevvdv to produce]. 
Originating in the pleura. 
pleurohepatitis (plu"ro-hep-at-i'tis) [Gr. irXevpa 
side + r)Trap liver + -iris inflammation]. Hepa- 
titis with inflammation of a portion of the pleura 
near the liver. 
pieurolith (plu'ro-lith) [pleura + Gr. Xl0os stone], 
A concretion found in the pleura. 
pleuropericarditis (plu"ro-per-e-kar-di'tis). Com- 
bined pleuritis and pericarditis. 
pleuroperitoneal (plu"ro-per-it-o-ne'al). Per- 
taining to both the pleura and the peritoneum. 
pleuroperitoneum (plu"ro-per-it-o-ne'um). The 
pleura and peritoneum considered as one struc- 
ture. 
pleuropneumonia (plu''ro-nu-mo'ne-ah). i. 
Pleurisy complicated with pneumonia. 2. A con- tagious or infectious pneumonia of cattle, com- 
bined with pleurisy, caused by a filtrable virus. 
Called also pleuropneumonia contagiosa bovum and 
lung plague. 
pleuropneumonolysis (plu"ro-nu"mo-nol'is-is) 
[Gr. irXevpa. pleura -j- irvevpwv lung + Xuais 
destruction]. Removal of the ribs from one side 
in order to produce collapse of the affected lung for 
unilateral tuberculosis. 
pleuropulmonary (plu-ro-pul'mo-na-re). Pertain- 
ing to the pleura and lungs. 
pleurorrhea (plu-ro-re'ah) [Gr. TrXeupa rib + poia 
flow]. A pleural or pleuritic effusion. 
pleuroscopy (plu-ros'ko-pe) [Gr. pleura + Gr. 
vKoireiv to examine]. Examination of the pleural 
cavity through an incision in the chest wall. 
pleurosoma (plu-ro-so'mah). Pleurosomus. 
pleurosomus (plu-ro-so'mus) [Gr. irXevpa side + 
aupa body], A fetus with protrusion of the in- 
testine and imperfect development of the arm of 
one side. 
pleurothotonus (plu-ro-thot'o-nos) [Gr. TrXevpb- 
Oev from the side + twos tension]. Tetanic 
bending of the body to one side. 
pleurotomy (plu-rot'o-me) [Gr. irXevpa. rib + 
repveiv to cut]. Surgical incision of the pleura. 
pleurotyphoid (plu-ro-ti'foid). Acute pleurisy 
followed by and complicated with typhoid fever. 
pleurovisceral (plu-ro-vis'er-al). Pertaining to 
the pleura and the viscera. 
plevacol (plev'ak-ol). A combination of tricresol, 
formaldehyd, and aminobenzoyl eugenol: used for 
filling dental roots and capping amputated pulp. 
plexal (pleks'al). Pertaining to a plexus. 
plexalgia (pleks-al'je-ah) [Gr. ttX^is stroke + 
aXyos pain]. A condition seen in troops after 
long exposure. It is marked by pains in various 
parts of the body, fatigue, excitability, and insom- 
nia. 
plexiform (pleks'if-orm) [L. plex'us plait + for'ma 
form]. Resembling a plexus or network. 
pleximeter (pleks-im'et-er) [Gr. ttX^is stroke + 
perpov measure]. 1. A plate to be struck in me- 
diate percussion. 2. A glass plate used to show 
the condition of the skin under pressure. 
pleximetric (pleks-im-et'rik). Pertaining to or 
performed by a pleximeter. 
pleximetry (pleks-im'et-re). The use of the plex- 
imeter. 
plexometer (pleks-om'et-er). Pleximeter. 
plexor (pleks'or). A hammer used in performing 
percussion. 
plexus (pleks'us) [L. " braid "]. A network or 
tangle, chiefly of veins or nerves, accessory 
p., that part of the stroma-plexus which lies im- 
mediately beneath the anterior limiting mem- 
brane of the cornea, annular p., the nervous 
plexus that incircles the corneal margin, p. 
anseri'nus, parotid p., a small plexus near the 
parotid gland, p. anseri'nus ner'vi median'i, 
bundles from the eighth nerve going to the median 
nerve, aortic p., nerve-plexuses-(1) on either 
side and in front of the abdominal and (2) around 
the thoracic aorta, p. arte'riae cer'ebri an- 
terio'ris [B N A], a sympathetic plexus from the 
internal carotid running along the anterior cerebral 
artery, p. arte'riae cer'ebri me diae [B N A], a 
sympathetic plexus from the internal carotid plex- 
us running along the middle cerebral artery, p. 
articula'ris, a small venous plexus near the 
outer aspect of the temporomaxillary articulation. 
Auerbach's p., a plexus of the sympathetic nerve 
between the coats of the intestine, axillary p., a 
plexus of lymph-nodes and lymph-vessels in the ax- 
illa. basilar p., p. basila'ris, the transverse 
sinus. See under sinus, biliary p., a network of 
bile-ducts said to be sometimes observable in 
the liver. brachial p., a great nerve-pl ex- 
PLEUROPNEUMONOLYSIS 
860 
us of the neck and axilla, formed by the union 
of the anterior branches of the lower four cer- 
vical and the first dorsal nerve. It supplies the 
whole upper extremity, and its chief branches 
are the posterior thoracic, suprascapular, sub- 
scapular, internal cutaneous, musculocutaneous, 
musculospiral, circumflex, median, and ulnar 
nerves, cardiac p., anterior or superficial, a 
nerve-plexus under the arch of the aorta, cardiac 
p., deep or great, a plexus situated in front of 
the tracheal fork, carotid p., external, a 
nerve-plexus around the external carotid artery, 
carotid p., internal, a nerve-plexus on the 
outer side of the internal carotid, cavernous p. 
i. A nerve-plexus situated within the cavernous 
sinus. 2. A nerve-plexus at the root of the penis 
or clitoris derived from the vesical plexus and 
supplying the corpora cavernosa. celiac 
p., a nerve-plexus on or near the celiac axis, 
cervical p., a nerve-plexus opposite the four 
upper vertebrae, supplying the skin of the neck, 
shoulder, chest, occiput, and auricle, and send- 
ing communicating branches to the facial, pneu- 
mogastric, hypoglossal, spinal accessory, and 
muscular branches to the sternomastoid, pla- 
tysma, trapezius, scaleni, anterior and lateral 
recti, and the diaphragm, cervical p., poste- 
rior, a nerve-plexus in the posterior cervical 
region, p. cervicobrachia'lis, the cervical and 
brachial plexuses together, choroid p., a vas- 
cular, fringe-like fold of the pia in the third, fourth, 
and lateral ventricles. The choroid plexuses se- 
crete the cerebrospinal fluid, choroid p., infe- 
rior, the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle, 
coccygeal p., a nerve-plexus near the dorsal 
surface of the coccyx, colic p's, ileo-, mid- 
dle, and right, parts of the superior mesenteric 
plexus, colic p., left, a part of the inferior 
mesenteric plexus, coronary p., anterior, a 
plexus beneath the arch of the aorta, coronary 
p., gastric. Same as gastric p. coronary p., 
posterior, a nerve-plexus at the dorsum of the 
heart, crural p., a nerve-plexus about the 
upper part of the femoral artery. Cruveilhier's 
p. i. A nerve-plexus of the back of the neck, 
derived from the great occipital and the first and 
second cervical nerves. 2. A form of angioma 
made up of a knot of varicose veins, cystic p., 
a nerve-plexus near the gall-bladder, defer- 
ential p., a sympathetic nerve-plexus on the vas 
deferens and seminal vesicles, derived from 
the hypogastric plexus. dental p., a nerve- 
plexus around the roots of teeth of lower jaw. 
diaphragmatic p., a nerve-plexus near the 
phrenic artery. dorsal p., ulnar, a plex- 
us formed by veins from the little finger and 
from the third and fourth interdigital clefts, 
epigastric p. Same as solar p. esopha- 
geal p., a nerve-plexus around the esophagus. 
Exner's p., a layer of nerve-fibers near the sur- 
face of the cerebral cortex, extraspinal p., 
a network of large veins extending the entire 
length of the vertebral column beneath the mul- 
tifidus spinae muscle, facial p., one surround- 
ing a part of the facial artery, femoral p., 
a nerve-plexus derived from the iliac plexus, sur- 
rounding the femoral artery, fundamental 
p., the deep stroma-plexus, gangliform p., a 
plexus from the roots of origin of the inferior 
maxillary nerve, gastric p., one of the coro- 
nary plexuses of the trisplanchnic system, gas- 
troduodenal p., a branch of the celiac plexus, 
gastro-epiploic p., a portion of the celiac 
plexus, gastro-epiploic p., left, a nerve- 
plexus near the convex border of the stomach, 
p. guTae, the esophageal plexus. Haller's p., 
the laryngeal plexus. Heller's p., an arterial 
network in the submucosa of the intestine, hem- 
orrhoidal p's, inferior and superior, plex- 
uses situated near the rectum, hemorrhoidal 
venous p., a network of veins surrounding the 
lower part of the rectum, hepatic p., a sympa- 
thetic nerve-plexus near and within the liver, 
PLEXUS PLEXUS 
861 
PLICA 
Hovius' p., a venous plexus in the ciliary re- 
gion connected with Schlemm's canal, hypo- 
gastric p., a nerve-plexus before the promon- 
tory of the sacrum, hypogastric p., infe- 
rior. Same as pelvic p. ileocolic p. See colic 
p. iliac p., p. ili'acus, the extension of the 
abdominal aortic plexus along the common iliac 
artery, inferior rectal p., a plexus of sympa- 
thetic nerves connected with the pelvic plexus on 
either side,, near the lower part of the rectum, 
infra-orbital p., a nerve-plexus situated under 
the levator labii superioris. inguinal p., a 
lymphatic plexus situated near the end of the 
long saphenous vein and along the femoral artery 
and vein in the iliopectineal fossa, ischiadic p., 
the upper part of the sacral plexus. Jacobson's 
p., the tympanic plexus, jugular p., a lymph- 
plexus along the internal jugular vein, laryngeal 
p., a nerve-plexus on the outer surface of the infe- 
rior constrictor of the pharynx: made up of branches 
of the sympathetic and external laryngeal nerves, 
lateral p., the choroid plexus of the lateral ven- 
tricles of the brain. Leber's p. Same as Hovius' 
p. p. liena'lis. Same as splenic p. lingual p., a 
nerve-plexus around the lingual artery, lumbar 
p., a nerve-plexus in the psoas muscle, lumbo- 
sacral p., the lumbar, sacral, and pudendal plex- 
uses together, p. mag'nus profun'dus, the deep 
celiac plexus, mammary p., a lymphatic plexus 
along the internal mammary artery, maxillary p., 
two plexuses (internal and external) on the maxil- 
lary arteries, derived from the external carotid 
plexus. Meissner's p., a flat layer of nervous 
masses and fibrils in the submucosa of the stomach 
and small intestine, mesenteric p., inferior, 
a plexus surrounding the inferior mesenteric artery, 
mesenteric p., superior, a plexus that sur- 
rounds the superior mesenteric artery, molecu- 
lar p. Same as Exner's p. myenteric p. 
Same as Auerbach's p. nasopalatine p., a 
nerve-plexus near the incisor foramen, nerve-p., 
the intermingling of two or more nerves, nervo- 
protoplasmic p's, three systems of nerve- 
elements contained in the three principal cortical 
layers of the brain substance, nervous p., an in- 
terlacing of various kinds of nerve-fibers, obtura- 
tor p., a plexus that surrounds the obturator nerve, 
occipital p., a nerve-plexus around the occipital 
artery, ophthalmic p., a nerve-plexus around 
the ophthalmic artery and the optic nerve, ova- 
rian p. 1. A nerve-plexus with distribution to the 
ovaries and the uterine fundus. 2. A venous 
plexus near the ovary, pampiniform p., a net- 
work of spermatic veins or of ovarian veins; the 
spermatic plexus, pancreatic p., a plexus that 
supplies the pancreas, pancreaticoduodenal 
p., a plexus that sends filaments to the pancreas 
and duodenum. Panizza's p's, two plexuses of 
the deeper lymph-vessels in the lateral fossae of 
the frenum of the prepuce, p. parotide'us. 
Same as p. anserinus. patellar p., a nerve- 
plexus that supplies the region in front of the 
knee, pelvic p's, right and left, plexuses 
which supply the viscera and other plexuses of 
the pelvis, pharyngeal p. 1. A nerve-plexus 
which supplies the pharynx, etc. 2. A venous 
plexus at the side of the pharynx, phren c p., 
a nerve-plexus which sends filaments to the dia- 
phragm and the suprarenal capsules, poly- 
morphic p., the most deep seated of the four 
plexuses of the cerebral cortical substance, pop- 
liteal p., a nerve plexus derived from the femoral 
plexus surrounding the popliteal artery, prim- 
ary p., the deep stroma-plexus, pro static p., a 
nerve-plexus that supplies the bladder, pros- 
taticovesical p., a plexus of veins around 
the prostate and neck of the bladder, ptery- 
goid p., a venous plexus near the internal maxil- 
lary vein, pudendal p. 1. A plexus formed by 
the ventral branches of the third and fourth sacral 
nerves. 2. A venous plexus behind the pubis and 
surrounding the urethra and neck of the bladder, 
pudendocaudal p., the pudendal and coccygeal 
plexuses together, pulmonary p., anterior, a 
nerve-plexus situated before or ventrad to and 
supplying the root and substance of the lungs, 
both below and anteriorly, pulmonary p., 
posterior, a nerve-plexus situated dorsad of and 
supplying the root of the lungs and the lung sub- 
stance. pyloric p., a nerve-plexus which sup- 
plies the region of the pylorus. Ranvier's p. 
See accessory p. Remak's p., Meissner's 
plexus. renal p., a plexus near the great 
renal artery, p. reticula'ris, a network of 
vessels situated below the fornix of the brain, 
sacral p., a nerve-plexus situated ventrad of the 
sacrum, sacral lymphatic p., a fine network 
of lymphatic vessels in the hollow of the sacrum. 
Santorini's p. i. The vesicoprostatic or pu- 
dendal venous plexus. 2. A nerve-plexus made 
up of filaments from the inferior maxillary nerve 
at the foramen ovale. Sappey's subareolar 
p., a lymphatic plexus situated beneath the 
areola of the nipple, solar p., a great network 
of nerves and ganglia on the dorsal aspect of 
the stomach, formed by the greater and a por- 
tion of the lesser splanchnic nerves and the right 
pneumogastric nerve, and giving off nerves to all 
the abdominal viscera. It has sometimes been 
called the abdominal brain, spermatic p., a 
network or plexus of nerves around the spermatic 
vessels: it supplies the testes, sphenoid p., 
the upper portion of the internal carotid plexus, 
splenic p., a nerve-plexus derived from the celiac 
plexus and accompanying the splenic artery. 
Stenson's p., the venous network around Sten- 
son's duct, stroma-p., a network formed by 
ramifications of the nerve-fibrils of the cornea with- 
in the substantia propria, stroma-p., deep, 
the more deeply seated portion of the stroma- 
plexus. subclavian p., a nerve-plexus from 
the cervical ganglion accompanying the sub- 
clavian artery. submolecular p., a plex- 
us of the cerebral cortex lying just within Ex- 
ner's plexus. submucous p. Same as 
Meissner's p. subpleural mediastinal 
p., an arterial plexus beneath the mediasti- 
nal pleura. subsartorial p., a nerve-plexus 
at the posterior border of the sartorius muscle, 
formed by branches of the obturator, long saphe- 
nous, and internal cutaneous nerves, sub- 
trapezius p., a nerve plexus situated under the 
trapezius muscle, suprarenal p's, right and 
left, nerve-plexuses surrounding the suprarenal 
capsules, thyroid p's, inferior and superior, 
nerve-plexuses supplying the larynx, pharynx, and 
the thyroid region, tonsillar p., a nerve-plexus 
going to the fauces, tonsil, and the soft palate, 
tympanic p., a nerve-plexus which supplies the 
tympanum, uterine p. 1. A nerve-plexus 
which supplies the cervix and lower part of the 
uterus. 2. A venous plexus between the layers 
of the broad ligament, uterovaginal p., an 
extension of the pelvic plexus along the upper part 
of the vagina and the cervix uteri, vaginal p. 
1. The nerve-plexus that supplies the vaginal 
walls. 2. A venous plexus near the outlet of the 
vagina, vascular p., p. vasculo'sus, a net- 
work of blood-vessels^ venous p., p. veno'sus, 
a network of veins, vertebral p., a plexus of 
nerves situated around the basilar and vertebral re- 
gions. vesical p., a plexus that surrounds the ves- 
ical arteries, vesicoprostatic p., a venous plexus 
of the male corresponding to the pudendal (2) 
plexus of the female, vidian p., a plexus made 
up of filaments from the vidian nerve. Walther's 
arteriosonervous p., the cavernous plexus. 
plica (pli'kah), pl. pli'ca. Latin for plait or fold. 
pli'cse adipo'sae [B N A], folds of fat in the 
pleura, p. ala'res [BNA], the alar ligaments, 
p. ampulla'ris [B N A], one of the folds of the 
mucous coat lining the ampulla of the fallopian 
tube. p. aryepiglot'tica [B N A], the aryepi- 
glottic fold. p. axilla'ris ante'rior, the anterior 
axillary fold. p. axilla'ris poste'rior, the pos- 
terior axillary fold. p. cseca'lis [B N A], either of PLICADENTIN 
862 
PLUTOMANIA 
the two folds of peritoneum forming the ascending 
mesocolon, p. choroi'dea, the fetal fold whence 
the choroid plexus is derived, p. cilia'ris [BN 
A], ciliary fold. See fold. p. circulates [ker- 
krin'gi] [B N A], the transverse folds in the mu- 
cous membrane of the intestine, p. conniven'- 
tes. Same as valvulce conniventes. p. duodeno- 
jejuna'lis [B N A]. See duodenojejunal fold, un- 
der fold. p. epigas'trica [B N A], a line in the 
inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall, 
marking the course of the epigastric artery, p. 
fimbria'ta [BN A], the tabulated fold running 
backward and outward from the anterior extrem- 
ity of the frenulum of the tongue, p. gastropan- 
creat'ica [B N A], the gastropancreatic fold. p. 
glosso-epiglot'tica [B N A], See glosso-epi- 
glottic fold, under fold. p. hypogas'trica, a fine 
on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal 
wall formed by the lateral ligament of the bladder, 
p. interdigita'lis, the free border of the web be- 
tween the fingers, p. i'ridis [B N A], one of nu- 
merous minute folds on the posterior surface of the 
iris. p. lacrimalis [B N A], Huschke's valve. 
See valve, p. luna'ta, a fold of conjunctiva at the 
outer edge of the caruncula lacrimalis. p. neuro- 
path'ica, a curled state of the hair caused by 
nervous disorder, p. palma'tae, the folds of the 
arbor vitae uterinus. p. polon'ica [L. "Polish 
plait"], a matted state of the hair, which becomes 
covered with crusts and vermin, p. rec'tae, 
transverse folds in the rectal mucosa, p. retro- 
uteri'na [B N A], Douglas' fold. See fold. p. 
salpingopalati'na [B N A], the salpingopala- 
tine fold. p. semiluna'ris [B N A], a fold of 
mucous membrane at the outer canthus of the 
eye. p. semiluna'ris co'li, one of Peyer's 
patches, p. semiluna'ris conjuncti'vae, a 
small doubling of the conjunctiva on the outer 
side of the caruncula lacrimalis. p. sigmoi'dea, 
one of the ridges on the inner surface of the 
colon, p. sublingualis [B N A], the fold on the 
under surface of the tongue produced by the under- 
lying secretory duct of the sublingual gland, p. 
synovia'lis [B N A], a synovial fold. p. syno- 
via'lis patella'ris [B N A], a fold of synovial 
membrane in the knee-joint from below the level of 
the articular surface of the patella to the inter- 
condyloid notch; called also ligamentum mucosum. 
p. transversa'lis rec'ti [B N A], the valves of 
Houston, p. triangula'ris [B N A], the tri- 
angular fold where the glossopalatine arch joins 
the lateral border of the tongue, p. tuba'ria [B 
N A], any one of the folds of the mucous lining of 
the fallopian tube. p. umbilica'lis lateralis 
[B N Al. Same as p. hypogastrica. p. umbil- 
ica'lis me'dia [B N A]. Same as p. urachi. p. 
ura'chi, a line on the posterior surface of the an- 
terior abdominal wall, marking the course of the 
urachus, p. ureter'ica [B N A], a fold of mucous 
membrane passing from the opening of the ureter 
to the median line of the bladder, p. ventric- 
ula'ris [B N A], the false vocal cord. p. vesica- 
lis transver'sa [B N A], a fold of the peritoneum 
extending over the bladder when empty, p. 
vestib'uli, a ridge on the nasal septum, p. 
villo'sa [B N A], one of the folds of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach in the pyloric region, 
p. voca'lis [B N A], the true vocal cord. 
plicadentin (pli-kah-den'tin) [L. pli'ca fold + 
dentin]. A modification of the dentin in which 
the fibers diverge in many lines from the central 
pulp-cavity of the tooth. 
plicate (pli'kat) [L. plica'tus], Plaited or folded, 
plication (pli-ka'shun). A folding; also the opera- 
tion of taking tucks in the walls of a hollow organ 
in order to reduce its size. 
plicotomy (pli-kot'o-me) [L. pli'ca fold + Gr. 
rep.veiv to cut]. Surgical division of the posterior 
fold of the tympanic membrane. 
pliers (pli'erz). Small tong-jawed pincers for bend- 
ing metals or holding small objects. Various forms 
are much used in dental work. 
Plimmer's bodies, salt (plim'erz) [Henry George 
Plimmer, English zoologist, 1857-1918]. See under 
body and salt. 
plint, plinth (plint). An apparatus used in thera- 
peutic gymnastics for the patient to sit or lie on. 
plocach (plo'kak). Sheep-cholera. 
Plombiere's douche (plaw-be-arz') [a French spa]. 
See under douche. 
plombierung (plom-be-a/ung) [Ger. "plugging"]. 
The operation of plugging defects in bone, such 
as osteomyelitis, with preparations of iodoform. 
Plotz's bacillus (plots) [Harry Plotz, New York 
physician, born 1890]. See under bacillus. 
plug (plug). A lumpy mass. Corner's p., a 
piece of omentum inserted into a duodenal per- 
foration as a temporary measure in cases which can- 
not be operated on at the time. Dittrich's p's, 
whitish, brownish, or yellowish masses found in 
the sputum or in the bronchial tubes in septic 
bronchitis and in gangrene of the lungs. Ecker's 
p., a plug of cells in the primitive mouth of the 
gastrula. Imlach's fat-p., a mass of fatty tis- 
sue sometimes found at the mesial angle of the 
external inguinal ring. Traube's p's. Same as 
Dittrich's p's. 
plugger (plug'er). A dental instrument for con- 
densing and compacting amalgam or other fillings 
into a tooth cavity. 
plumbagin (plum-ba'jin). An irritant substance 
obtained from the root of Plumba'go zeylan'ica: 
used as an abortifacient. 
plumbago (plum-ba'go). See graphite. 
plumbi acetas, and other terms beginning with 
plumbi. See under lead. 
plumbic (plum'bik) [L. plum'bicus leaden]. Per- 
taining to or containing lead. 
plumbism (plum'bizm). Lead-poisoning. 
plumboxan (plum-bok'san). A proprietary prep- 
aration which, on being treated with steam at a 
high temperature, gives off oxygen. 
plumbum (plum'bum). Latin for lead. 
Plummer's pills (plum'erz) [Andrew Plummer, 
Scottish physician, died 1756]. See pill. 
plummet (plum'et). A bullet of lead or metallic 
antimony formerly swallowed for the relief of 
obstinate constipation. 
plumose (plu'mos) [L. plumo'sus, Fr. plu'ma feather]. 
Feathery; resembling a feather. 
plumula (plum'u-lah). A set of delicate cross- 
furrows on the upper wall of the aqueduct of 
Sylvius. 
pluri- [L. plus more]. A prefix meaning more. 
pluriceptor (plu-ris-ep'tor) [L. plus more + cap'ere 
to take], A receptor which has more than two 
complementophil groups. 
pluricordonal (plu-rik-or'don-al). See under 
cell. 
pluriglandular (plu-rig-lan'du-lar). Pertaining to, 
derived from, or affecting several glands. 
plurigravida (plu-rig-rav'id-ah) [L. plus more 
+ grav'ida pregnant], A woman pregnant for the 
third or more time. 
plurilocular (plu-ril-ok'u-lar). Same as multi- 
locular. 
plurinuclear (plu-rin-u'kle-ar) [L. plus more + 
nucleus], Having several nuclei. 
pluripara (plu-rip'ah-rah) [L. plus more + par'ere 
to bear], A woman who has borne several chil- 
dren. 
pluriparity (plu-rip-ar'it-e). The fact or condition 
of having borne several children. 
pluripolar (plu-rip-o'lar). Having several poles, 
said of ganglion-cells, etc. 
plutomania (plu-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. irXovros riches 
+ navta madness]. The insane belief of a patient 
that he is very rich. pnein (pne'in) [Gr. irveia breath]. A hypothetical 
substance supposed to be present in the tissues and 
to act as an accelerator of the oxidizing activities 
of the tissues. 
pneodynamics (ne"o-di-nam'iks) [Gr. irpeip to 
breathe + dynamics]. The dynamics of respi- 
ration. 
pneogaster (ne'o-gas-ter) [Gr. irpeip to breathe + 
yaa-rr/p the belly]. The respiratory tract of the 
embryo. 
pneograph (ne'o-graf) [Gr. irpeip to breathe + 
ypatpew to record], A device for registering the 
respiratory movements: used for diagnostic pur- 
poses. 
pneometer (ne-om'et-er) [Gr. to breathe + 
per pop measure], A form of spirometer, or de- 
vice for measuring the air inspired and expired. 
pneophore (ne'o-for) [Gr. irpeip to breathe + 
<popeip to carry]. An instrument to aid in effect- 
ing artificial respiration. 
pneoscope (ne'o-skop) [Gr. irpeip to breathe + 
oKoireip to view]. See pneumograph. 
pneumarthrosis (nu-mar-thro'sis) [Gr. irpevpa air 
+ apOpcmjis joint]. The presence of gas or air in 
a joint. 
pneumascope (nu'mas-kop) [Gr. irpeip to breathe 
+ GKoireip to view]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the movements of the thorax in respiration. 
pneumascos (nu-mas'kos) [Gr. irpevpa air + 
aaitos sac]. Pneumoperitoneum. 
pneumathemia (nu-math-e'me-ah) [Gr. irpevpa 
air + alpa blood]. The presence of air or gas in 
the blood-vessels. 
pneumatic (nu-mat'ik) [L. pneumat'icus; Gr. irpev- 
paTiKPs]. Of or pertaining to air or respira- 
tion. 
pneumatics (nu-mat'iks). The science which deals 
with the physical properties of gases. 
pneumatinuria (nu"mat-in-u're-ah). Same as 
pneumaturia. 
pneumatism (nu'mat-izm) [Gr. irpevpa breath]. 
The doctrine of the Pneumatists. 
Pneumatists (nu'mat-istz). A school or sect of 
ancient medicine, founded by Athenaeus of Attalia, 
who practised in Rome in the middle of the first 
century. Their system of medicine was based upon 
the action and constitution of the pneuma or vital 
air which passed from the lungs into the heart and 
arteries and was thence disseminated throughout 
the body. Other members of this school were 
Agathinus of Sparta, Archigenes of Apamea, 
Arataeus of Cappadocia, and Antylus. 
pneumatocardia (nu"mat-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. irpev- 
pa air + Kapbia heart]. The presence of air in the 
heart. 
pneumatocele (nu-mat'o-sel) [Gr. irpevpa air + 
KrfXi) hernia]. 1. Hernial protrusion of the lung 
tissue. 2. A tumor or sac containing gas; espe- 
cially, a gaseous swelling of the scrotum. 
pneumatodyspnea, pneumatodyspnoea (nu"- 
ma-to-disp-ne'ah) [Gr. irpevpa air + dyspnea]. 
Difficulty in breathing due to emphysema. 
pneumatogram (nu-mat'o-gram) [Gr. irpevpa air 
+ ypappa writing]. The tracing or record made 
by a pneumatograph. 
pneumatograph (nu-mat'o-graf) [Gr. irpevpa air + 
ypatpecp to record]. A device for registering the 
movements of the chest-wall. 
pneumatology (nu-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. Tr^eD^a air + 
Xbyos treatise]. The sum of what is known re- 
garding gases and air and their therapeutic and 
other properties. 
pneumatometer (nu-mat-om'et-er) [Gr. irpevpa air 
+ per pop measure]. A form of spirometer, or in- 
strument for measuring the air inspired and ex- 
pired. 
pneumatometry (nu-mat-om'et-re). The meas- 
urement of the air inspired and expired. 
PNEIN 
863 
pneumatophore (nu-mat'o-for) [Gr. irpevpa air 
+ <pbpos bearing]. An apparatus consisting of 
a bag with a tube and mouthpiece, which may 
be attached to the body. The bag contains oxy- 
gen, to be breathed by the wearer in rescue work in 
mines, etc. 
pneumatorachis (nu-mat-or'ak-is) [Gr. irreu^a 
air + paxis spine]. The presence of gas in the 
vertebral canal. 
pneumatoscope (nu-mat'os-kbp) [Gr, irpevpa air 
+ aKoireip to see], i. A device for determining 
the absence or presence of pus in the air-cells 
of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 
It consists of a sound-receiver placed in the pa- 
. tient's mouth and connected with his ears by 
tubes. A tuning-fork placed upon the mastoid 
will be heard longer over a healthy portion than 
over a diseased portion. 2. An instrument de- 
vised by Gabritschewsky for auscultating the per- 
cussion of the thorax from the mouth. 
pneumatosis (nu-mat-o'sis) [Gr. irpevparuats]. 
The presence of air or gas in an abnormal situation 
in the body. p. cystoi'des intestina'lis, the 
presence of gas-containing cysts in the mucous 
membrane of the intestines. 
pneumatotherapy (nu"mat-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 
irpevpa air + therapy]. The treatment of disease 
by rarefied or condensed air. 
pneumatothorax (nu"mat-o-tho'raks). Same as 
pneumothorax. 
pneumaturia (nu-mat-u're-ah) [Gr. irpevpa air + 
ovpov urine]. The passage of urine charged with 
air or gas. 
pneumatype (nu'mat-ip) [Gr. irpevpa air + rmros 
type]. A breath-picture; a deposition of mois- 
ture upon a glass surface from the exhaled air: 
used in the diagnosis of nasal obstructions. 
pneumectomy (nu-mek'to-me) [Gr. irpevpwp lung 
+ eKTopr) excision]. The excision of lung tissue. 
pneumin (nu'min). Methylene creosote: a taste- 
less yellowish powder: used in tuberculosis. 
pneumobacillin (nu^mo-bas-il'in). A poisonous 
substance extracted from the pneumobacillus. 
pneumobacillus (nu"mo-bas-irus) [Gr. irp evpcop 
lung -|- bacillus]. The Bacterium mucosum cap- 
sulatum. 
pneumobacterin (nu-mo-bak'ter-in). See bacte- 
rial vaccine, under vaccine. 
pneumobulbar, pneumobulbous (nu-mo-bul- 
bar, nu-mo-bul'bus). Pertaining to the lungs and 
to the oblongata. 
pneumocele (nu'mo-sel) [Gr. irpevpwp lung + kt)Xt) 
tumor]. Hernial protrusion of lung tissue through 
the chest-wall. 
pneumocentesis (nu"mo-sen-te'sis) [Gr. irpevpop 
lung + Kepripris puncture]. Surgical puncture of 
a lung for the purpose of evacuating a cavity. 
pneumocephalus (nu-mo-sef'al-us) [Gr. irpevpa 
air + head]. Air within the cranial cavity. 
pneumochirurgia (nu"mo-ki-rur'je-ah) [Gr. irpev- 
po>p lung + xeipoupyia surgery]. The surgery of 
the lungs. 
pneumochysis (nu-mok'is-is). Pulmonary edema, 
or serous infiltration of the lung. 
pneumococcal (nu-mo-kok'al). Pertaining to or 
caused by pneumococci. 
pneumococcemia (nu"mo-kok-se'me-ah). The 
presence of pneumococci in the blood. 
pneumococcus (nu-mo-kok'us) [Gr. irpevpwp lung 
+ kokkos berry]. The organism, Diplococcus 
lanceolatus, which causes lobar pneumonia. It 
is a • small, slightly elongated coccus, one end 
of which is pointed or lance-shaped, and com- 
monly occurs in pairs. Four types or strains 
are recognized, based on immunity reactions, and 
distinguished as Types I, II, III, and IV. Types 
I and II cause about 60 per cent, of all cases of 
lobar pneumonia. Type III, about 20 per cent. 
PNEUMOCOCCUS PNEUMOCONIOSIS 
864 
PNEUMONIA 
The immunity reactions of these three types are 
fairly constant. Type IV is composed of a num- 
ber of strains differing from one another in sero- 
logical reactions and rarely found in cases of 
pneumonia ending fatally. The pneumococcus is 
also called Diplococcus pneumonice, Micrococcus 
lanceolatus, Streptococcus pneumonice, and Frankel's 
pneumococcus. P. fla'vens, P. guttacer'ci, P. 
lichenoi'des, lung bacilli found in the contagious 
pleuropneumonia ot cattle. 
pneumoconiosis (nu"mo-ko-ne-o'sis) [Gr. irvevpav 
lung + kovcs dust]. Same as pneumonoconiosis. 
pneumoderma (nu-mo-der'mah) [Gr. 7rreu/xa air 4- 
beppa skin]. Subcutaneous emphysema; air be- 
neath the skin. 
pneumodograph (nu-mod'o-graf) [Gr. irvevpa 
breath 4- bbbs way + ypaipew to write]. An appa- 
ratus for registering the degree of respiratory nasal 
efficiency. 
pneumodynamics (nu"mo-di-nam'iks) [Gr. irvevpa 
breath + bvvapis force]. The dynamics of the 
respiratory process; the study of the forces ex- 
erted in the act of breathing. 
pneumo-empyema (nu"mo-em-pi-e'mah). Em- 
pyema marked by the presence of gas. 
pneumo-enteritis (nu"mo-en-ter-i'tis) [Gr. 
irvevpwv lung + eviepov intestine]. Inflammation 
of the lung and intestine. 
pneumo-erysipelas (nu"mo-er-is-ip'el-as). Ery- 
sipelas complicated with pneumonia. 
pneumogalactocele (nu"mo-gal-ak'to-sel) [Gr. 
irvevpa air 4- 7<xXa milk 4- icqX-q tumor], A tumor 
containing gas and milk. 
pneumogastric (nu-mo-gas'trik) [Gr. irvevpcav lung 
+ yaarqp stomach]. Pertaining to the lungs and 
stomach, p. nerve. See nerve. 
pneumogram (nu'mo-gram). The tracing or 
graphic record of respiratory movements. 
pneumograph (nu'mo-graf) [Gr. irvevpwv lung 4- 
ypatpeev to record]. An instrument for registering 
the respiratory movements. 
pneumography (nu-mog'raf-e) [Gr. irvevpav lung 
+ ypaipeiv to write], i. An anatomic description 
of the lungs. 2. Graphic recording of the respira- 
tory movements. 3. Roentgenologic photography 
of a part after injection of oxygen; pneumoradi- 
ology. 
pneumohemopericardium(nu"mo-he"mo-per-e- 
kar'de-um) [Gr. irvevpa air 4- alpa blood + peri- 
cardium], The collection of air and blood in the 
pericardium. 
pneumohemothorax (nu"mo-hem-o-tho'raks) [Gr. 
irvevpa air 4" alpa blood 4- Oapa^ chest]. The 
presence of air or gas and blood in the pleural 
cavity. 
pneumohydrometra (nu-mo-hi-dro-me'trah) [Gr. 
irvevpa air 4- vbwp water 4* p-ryrpa uterus]. A 
' collection of gas and fluid in the uterus. 
pneumohydropericardium (nu"mo-hi"dro-per- 
e-kar'de-um) [Gr. irvevpa air + vbwp water + peri- 
cardium], A collection of air or gas and serum in 
the pericardium. 
pneumohydrothorax (nu"mo-hi-dro-tho'raks) 
[Gr. -irvevpa air 4- vbwp water 4- O&pal; chest]. 
A collection of air or gas and a liquid in the 
thorax. 
pneumohypoderma (nu"mo-hi-po-der'mah) [Gr. 
irvevpaair 4~ viro under 4- bepua skin]. Escape 
of air into the subcutaneous tissues. 
pneumokidney (nu'mo-kid-ne) [Gr. irvevpa air 4- 
kidney]. See pneumo pyelography. 
pneumokoniosis (nu"mo-ko-ne-o'sis). See pneu- 
monoconiosis. 
pneumolith (nu'mo-lith) [Gr. irvevpwv lung 4- XiOos 
stone]. A pulmonary calculus or concretion. 
pneumolithiasis (nu"mo-lith-i'as-is). The pres- 
ence of concretions in the lungs. 
pneumology (nu-mol'o-je) [Gr. irvevpwv lung + 
Xbyos treatise]. The study of disease of the air- 
passages. 
pneumomalacia (nu"mo-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. irvev- 
pav lung + paXaKia softness]. Morbid softness 
of lung tissue. 
pneumomassage (nu"mo-mas-ahzh') [Gr. irvevpa 
air + massage]. Air-massage of the tympanum. 
pneumomelanosis (nu"mo-mel-an-o,'sis) [Gr. irvev- 
pwv lung 4- melanosis]. The blackening of the 
lung tissue by inhaled coal-dust. 
pneumometer (nu-mom'et-er). Same as pneuma- 
tometer. 
pneumomycosis (nu"mo-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. irvevpav 
lung + mycosis]. Any lung disease due to schizo- 
mycetes. 
pneumonectasia, pneumonectasis (nu"mon- 
ek-ta'ze-ah, nu-mon-ek'tas-is) [Gr. irvevpwv lung -|- 
Ikt acres extension]. Emphysema of the lungs. 
pneumonectomy (nu-mo-nek'to-me). Same as 
pneumectomy. 
pneumonedema (nu"mo-ne-de'mah) [Gr. irvevpav 
lung + edema]. Edema of the lungs. 
pneumonemia (nu-mo-ne'me-ah) [Gr. irvebpwv 
lung + aqua blood]. Congestion of the lungs. 
pneumonia (nu-mo'ne-ah) [Gr. irvevpuivla], In- 
flammation of the lungs; especially the disease 
known as croupous or lobar pneumonia. See 
lobar p. abortive p., a form with a short and 
favorable course, acute p., a lobar pneumonia 
of bacterial origin, alcoholic p., the lobar 
pneumonia of drunkards, anthrax p., an- 
thrax of the lung. apex-p., apical p., croup- 
ous pneumonia limited to the apex of the lung, 
aspiration-p., pneumonia due to the in- 
halation of dust, food, or a foreign body, bilious 
p., lobar pneumonia attended with jaundice, 
bronchial p. Same as bronchopneumonia. 
Buhl's desquamative p., caseous pneumonia 
in which the exudate is composed chiefly of des- 
quamated alveolar epithelium. caseous p. 
Same as cheesy p. catarrhal p., a variety in 
which the bronchioles become clogged with a muco- 
purulent exudate, forming consolidated patches in 
single lobes, which may extend to large areas. It 
occurs especially in children. Called also lobular 
p. and bronchopneumonia, central p., lobar 
pneumonia beginning in the interior of a lobe oi 
the lung, cerebral p., a pneumonia usually 
apical and having severe head symptoms, cheesy 
p., a pneumonia in which the alveoli become filled 
with necrosed cells and the cut surface looks like 
cheese, chronic p., a _ long-continuing form, 
usually fibrous, contusion p., a pneumonia 
following an injury, core-p. Same as centred p. 
croupous p. Same as lobar p. deglutition 
p., pneumonia from the entrance of food into the 
lungs. Desnos' p., massive pneumonia; spleno- 
pneumonia. desquamative p., chronic lobar 
pneumonia with hardening of the fibrous exudate 
and proliferation of the interstitial tissue and epi- 
thelium of the lung. Called also parenchymatous p. 
and primary indurative p. double p., that which 
affects both lungs, embolic p., pneumonia due 
to embolism of a blood-vessel or vessels of the lungs 
ephemeral p., that in which the signs of pneu- 
monia disappear after two days. Called also con- 
gestion of the lungs, ether-p., pneumonia occurring 
after anesthesia by ether, fibrinous p. Same a- 
lobar p. fibrous p., a form characterized by an ins 
crease of the interstitial and stromatic elements. 
See interstitial p. Friedlander's bacillus p., 
lobar pneumonia caused by Friedlander's bacillus, 
Bacterium pneumonia, gangrenous p., gan- 
grene of the lung, hypostatic p., a pneu- 
monia due to dorsal decubitus in weak or aged per- 
sons. indurative p. See desquamative p. in- 
halation p., pneumonia caused by the inhalation 
of foreign matter, as dust, food, etc. interstitial 
p., chronic fibrous pneumonia: a chronic form of 
pneumonia with increase of the interstitial tissue PNEUMONIC 
865 
PNEUMOPYOTHORAX 
and decrease of the proper lung tissue, with in- 
duration. Called also cirrhosis of the lung and 
fibroid phthisis, larval p., an attack presenting 
the initial symptoms of the disease only, lobar 
p., an acute febrile disease produced by the Diplo- 
codcus pneumo'nice, and marked by inflammation 
■of one or more lobes of the lung, together with con- 
solidation. It is attended with chill, followed by 
sudden elevation of temperature, dyspnea, rapid 
breathing, pain in the side, and cough, with blood- 
stained expectoration. The symptoms abate after 
a week. It usually begins in the lower lobe, the 
lung being at first intensely congested (stage of con- 
gestion or engorgement), and afterward becoming 
red and solid from accumulation of exudate and 
blood-cells in the alveoli (red hepatization), and 
later gray (gray hepatization), from degeneration of 
the exudates, which are finally absorbed. Called, 
also croupous p., lung fever, and pneumonic fever. 
lobular p., catarrhal or bronchial pneumonia, 
massive p., lobar pneumonia with solidification 
of the air-cells, bronchi, or even an entire lung, 
metastatic p., suppurative pneumonia due to 
metastasis in pyemia, migratory p., pneumonia 
gradually involving one lobe of the lung after an- 
other. parenchymatous p. Same as desquam- 
ative p. plague p. Same as pneumonic p. See 
plague, pleuritic p. Same as pleuropneumonia. 
pleurogenic p., pleurogenetic p., that which 
is secondary to pleural disease, pseudopleu- 
ritic p. See Desnos' p. purulent p., a form 
characterized by the formation of pus. second- 
ary p., inflammation of the lungs coming on as a 
complication of an infectious disease, septic p., 
a form due to septic poison, and often lobular, 
stable p., epizootic pleuropneumonia in horses. 
Stoll's p., pneumonia with gastrohepatic compli- 
cations. streptococcus p., an epidemic type of 
pneumonia caused by the Streptococcus hcemolyticus. 
stripe-p., a type in which the affected part 
takes the form of an upright stripe, super- 
ficial p., a form which affects only the parts near 
the pleura, suppurative p., pneumonia with 
formation of abscesses in the lungs, terminal 
p., lobar pneumonia developing during some other 
disease and hastening a fatal termination, toxe- 
mic p., infection of the system with pneumococci 
without marked lung involvement, traumatic 
p., inflammation of the lung following a wound of 
the lung or chest, typhoid p.; an asthenic 
form of pneumonia with typhoid symptoms, 
vagus-p., pneumonia due to injury of the pneu- 
mogastric nerve, wandering p., a pneumonia 
which attacks various parts of the lung successively 
and is probably of erysipelatous origin, white 
p., indurative syphilitic pneumonia of the new- 
born; infantile syphilitic pneumonia with a white, 
fatty degeneration of the lung, wool-sorters' 
p., an acute pneumonia due to the Bacillus 
anthracis. 
pneumonic (nu-mon'ik) [Gr. irvevpoviKos]. Per- 
taining to the lung or to pneumonia. 
pneumonitis (nu-mo-ni'tis). Same as pneumonia. 
pneumonocele (nu-mon'o-sel). Same as pneumo- 
cele. 
pneumonocentesis (nu-mo"no-sen-te'sis). Pneu- 
mocentesis. 
pneumonochirurgia (nu-mo"no-ki-rur'je-ah). 
Surgery of the lung. 
pneumonocirrhosis (nu"mo-no-sir-o'sis)[Gr. irvev- 
puv lung + cirrhosis]. Cirrhosis, or hardening, of 
a lung. 
pneumonoconiosis, pneumonokoniosis (nu- 
mo"no-ko-ne-o'sis) [Gr. rrvevpov lung -f- kovis 
dust]. Lung disease due to the inhalation of 
minute particles. It is attended by fibroid indu- 
ration and pigmentation. See anthracosis, chali- 
cosis, siderosis, and silicosis, p. siderot'ica. 
Same as siderosis. 
pneumono-enteritis (nu-mo"no-en-ter-i'tis). 
Pneumo-enteritis. 
pneumono-erysipelas (nu-mo"no-er-is-ip'e-las). 
Pneumo-erysipelas. 
pneumonomelanosis (nu-mo"no-mel-an-o'sis) 
[Gr. -Kveopuiv lung + jueXas black]. Melanosis of 
the lung tissue. 
pneumonometer (nu-mon-om'et-er) [Gr. Trvev/juov 
lung + perpov measure]. A form of spirometer. 
pneumonomycosis (nu-mo"no-mi-ko'sis). Same 
as pneumomycosis. 
pneumonopaludism (nu-mo"no-paru-dizm). 
Pneumopaludism. 
pneumonoparesis (nu-mo"no-par'es-is). Prieu- 
moparesis. 
pneumonopathy (nu-mo-nop'ath-e) [Gr. Trvevpuv 
lung + 7ra0os disease]. Any lung disease. 
pneumonopexy (nu-mo'no-peks-e). Same as 
pneumopexy. 
pneumonophthisis (nu-mon-of-thi'sis). Pul- 
monary tuberculosis. 
pneumonopleuritis (nu-mo"no-plu-ri'tis). Pneu- 
mopleuritis. 
pneumonorrhagia (nu-mo-no-ra'je-ah). Pneu- 
morrhagia. 
pneumonorrhaphy (nu-mo-nor'af-e) [Gr. irvevpuv 
lung + pavv suture]. Suture of the lung. 
pneumonosis (nu-mo-no'sis) [Gr. irvevpav lung + 
vbaos disease]. Any lung disease. 
pneumono therapy (nu-mo-no-ther'ap-e). Pneu- 
motherapy. 
pneumonotomy (nu-mo-not'o-me) [Gr. Trvevpcov 
lung 4- repvew to cut]. Surgical incision of the 
lung. 
pneumopaludism (nu-mo-pal'u-dizm) [Gr. irvev- 
p&p lung + L. pa'lus swamp]. Disease of the 
lungs of malarial origin. One form, known as de 
Bruns' disease, consists of solidification of the upper 
part of one or both lungs. It is attended with 
cough and attacks of fever. 
pneumoparesis (nu-mo-par'es-is) [Gr. -n-vevpwv 
lung + paresis]. A lung disease marked by pro- 
gressive congestion and infiltration of the vesicles 
of the lung. 
pneumopericardium (nu"mo-per-ik-ar'de-um) 
[Gr. irvevpa air + irepiKapSLov pericardium]. The 
presence of air or gas in the pericardium. It is 
marked by tympanitic resonance over the pre- 
cordia and metallic heart-sounds. 
pneumoperitoneal (nu " mo - per - it - o - ne' al). 
Marked by air in the peritoneum: a term applied 
to Roentgen-ray examination in which the peri- 
toneal cavity is inflated with air or gas injected 
through a puncture in the abdomen. 
pneumoperitoneum (nu"mo-per-it-o-ne'um) [Gr. 
irvevpa air + peritoneum], i. The presence of gas 
or air in the peritoneal cavity. 2. Injection of 
oxygen or other gas into the peritoneal cavity for 
radiographic purposes. 
pneumoperitonitis (nu"mo-per-it-o-ni'tis) [Gr. 
Trvevpa air + peritonitis]. Peritonitis with the 
accumulation of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity. 
pneumopexy (nu'mo-peks-e) [Gr. irvebpcov lung + 
tt^ls fixation]. Surgical fixation of the lung to 
the thoracic wall. 
pneumopleuritis (nu"mo-plu-ri'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the lungs and pleura. 
pneumoprotein (nu-mo-pro'te-in). A principle 
derived from the pneumococcus by the action of 
glycerin and water. 
pneumopyelography (nu"mo-pi-el-og'raf-e) [Gr. 
irvevpa air + irveSos pelvis + ypaipew to write]. 
Pyelography in which oxygen, instead of an 
opaque solution, is injected into the kidney pelvis, 
pneumopyopericardium (nu"mo-pi"o-per-ik-ar'- 
de-um) [Gr. irvevpa air + ttvov pus + irepiKapbiov 
pericardium]. The presence of air or gas and pus 
in the pericardium. 
pneumopyothorax (nu"mo-pi-o-tho'raks) [Gr. PNEUMORACHIS 
866 
PODOPHYLLOUS 
irvevpa air + irvov pus + Oupa^ thorax]. The pres- 
ence of air and pus in the pleural cavity. 
pneumorachis (nu-mo-ra'kis) [Gr. irvevpa air 4- 
paxis spine]. The presence of a gaseous collection 
in the spinal cord. 
pneumoradiography (nu"mo-ra-de-og'raf-e) [Gr. 
TrpeuMa air 4- radiography]. Radiography of a 
part following the injection of oxygen, as in pneu- 
moperitoneum. 
pneumorrhagia (nu-mor-a'je-ah) [Gr. irvevpuv 
lung + pT)yvvvai to burst forth]. 1. Hemorrhage 
from the lungs. 2. Pulmonary apoplexy. 
pneumosan (nu'mo-san). A proprietary prepara- 
tion for use by injection in tuberculosis. It is 
said to be amylthiotrimethylamin chlorid. 
pneumoscope (nu'mo-skop) [Gr. irvevpa air + 
aKoireiu to see]. An instrument for showing the 
respiratory power. 
pneumosepticemia (nu"mo-sep-tis-e'me-ah). In- 
fluenzal pneumonia of an extreme and fatal form. 
pneumoserosa (nu-mo-se-ro'sah). Injection of air 
into a joint cavity for roentgenoscopy. 
pneumoserothorax (nu"mo-se-ro-tho'raks) [Gr. 
irvevpa air + serum 4- Gr. Oupa^ thorax]. The 
presence of gas and serum in the thoracic 
cavity. 
pneumotherapy (nu-mo-ther'ap-e). 1. Same as 
pneumatotherapy. 2. The treatment of diseases of 
the lungs. 
pneumothermomassage (nu"mo-ther"mo-mas- 
ahzh') [Gr. irvevpa air + Oeppr] heat 4- massage]. 
The application to the body of hot condensed air 
that has been medicated. 
pneumothorax (nu-mo-tho'raks) [Gr. irvevpa air 
+ Oupa^ thorax]. An accumulation of air or gas in 
the pleural cavity. The air enters either by an 
external wound, a lung perforation, from burrow- 
ing abscesses, or from the rupture of a superficial 
lung cavity. Pneumothorax is apt to be of sudden 
onset, and to be announced by collapse. It is at- 
tended with sudden and severe pain and rapidly 
increasing dyspnea. Percussion shows a wide dif- 
fusion of the tympanitic sound over the dilated 
side. There are no rales, but dulness is present 
as fluid forms, and fluctuation or succussion, and 
a metallic echo on strong percussion over the air. 
When a communication exists with the bronchi, 
metallic respiration or tinkling is heard, arti- 
ficial p., pneumothorax induced intentionally by 
artificial means, as by the injection of nitrogen gas: 
employed in the treatment of pulmonary tubercu- 
losis. Cf. Forlanini treatment, under treatment. 
valvular p., that which is characterized by an 
aperture through the pleura which has a slit with 
a valve-like action. 
pneumotomy (nu-mot'o-me). Same as pneumo- 
notomy. 
pneumo toxin (nu-mo-toks'in). A toxin produced 
by the bacteria of pneumonia, and thought to 
be the cause of the symptoms of lobar pneu- 
monia. 
pneumotyphoid (nu-mo-ti'foid). Typhoid with 
unusual localization of the lesions in the lungs. 
pneumo typhus (nu-mo-ti'fus). Pneumonia con- 
current with typhoid fever. 
pneumouria (nu-mo-u're-ah). Same as pneu- 
maturia. 
pneumoventriculi (nu"mo-ven-trik'u-li) [Gr. 
irvevpa air + ventriculus, ventricle]. Presence of 
air in the cerebral ventricles. 
pneumoventriculography (nu"mo-ven-trik-u- 
log'raf-e). Radiography of the cerebral ventricles 
which have been injected with oxygen. 
pneusis (nu'sis) [Gr.]. 1. Respiration. 2. Anhela- 
tion. 
pneusometer (nu-som'et-er) [Gr. irvevars blow- 
ing + perpov measure]. A spirometer. 
pnigophobia (ni-go-fo'be-ah) [Gr. irvlyos choking 
4- <pb^os fear]. Abnormal dread of choking. 
Pocill. Abbreviation for L. pocil'lum, a small cup. 
pock (pok). A pustule, especially of smallpox. 
p.-marked, scarred or pitted as a result of 
smallpox. 
pocket (pok'et). A sac-shaped cavity. In den- 
tistry, an abnormal space formed between a tooth 
root and the gum. oral p., Rathke's p. Same 
as Rathke's pouch. See under pouch. Seessel's 
p., a depression in the pharyngeal membrane of 
the embryo. 
pocketing (pok'et-ing). The inclosure of the 
pedicle in ovariotomy within the edges of the 
external wound. 
Pocul. Abbreviation for L. poc'ulum, cup. 
poculum (pok'u-lum). Latin for cup. p. diog7- 
enis, Diogene's cup; the hollowed palm of the 
hand. 
podagra (pod-ag'rah, pod'ag-rah) [L.; Gr. irodaypa; 
ttovs foot + ay pa seizure]. Gout, more espe- 
cially gout in the feet. 
podagral (pod'ag-ral). Affected with gout. 
podagric (pod-ag'rik) [L. podag'ricus; Gr. iroSay- 
Plk6s]. Gouty. 
podagrous (pod'ag-rus) [L. podagra'sus]. Gouty, 
podalgia (po-dal'je-ah) [Gr. ttovs foot + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the foot, as from gout or rheuma- 
tism. 
podalic (po-dal'ik) [Gr. ttovs foot]. Accomplished 
by means of the feet; footling. 
podarthritis (pod-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. trovs foot + ar- 
thritis]. Inflammation of the joints of the feet. 
podasteroid (pod-as'ter-oid) [Gr. ttovs foot + barf/p 
star + et6os form]. Having a stellate foot or 
pedicle. 
podelkoma (pod-el-ko'mah) [Gr. ttovs foot+i'Xxwga 
ulcer]. Mycetoma; actinomycosis of the foot. 
podencephalus (pod-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. ttovs foot + 
eyxeipaXos brain], A monster-fetus the brain of 
which, without cranium, hangs by a pedicle. 
podiatrist (po-di'at-rist). One who practices po- 
diatry; a chiropodist. 
podiatry (po-di'at-re) [Gr. ttovs foot + larpeca 
healing]. That branch of medicine which has to do 
with the treatment of diseases of the feet and toes; 
cheiropody. 
podobromidrosis (pod"o-brom-id-ro'sis) [Gr. ttovs 
foot + ^pupos stench + 18pus sweat]. Fetid 
perspiration of the feet. 
pododerm (pod'o-derm) [Gr. ttovs foot + Seppa 
skin]. That portion of the skin which is continued 
downward within the horn capsule of the hoof of 
an animal. 
pododynamometer (pod"o-di-nam-om'et-er). A 
device for determining the strength of the leg 
muscles. 
pododynia (pod-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. ttovs foot + o8wr) 
pain]. Neuralgic pain of the heel and sole; 
burning pain without redness in the sole of the 
foot: seen in tailors. 
podogram (pod'o-gram) [Gr. ttovs foot + ypappa 
mark], A print of, or an outline tracing of, the sole 
of the foot. 
podograph (pod'o-graf) [Gr. ttovs foot + ypatpetv to 
write]. An instrument for podogram. 
podology (po-dol'o-je) [Gr. ttovs foot + Xoyos 
treatise]. The study of the feet. 
podophyllin (pod-o-fil'in) [L. res'ina podophyl'li]. 
The purgative yellow resin of Podophyl'lum pel- 
ta'tum. Dose, gr. (0.008-0.033 gm.). 
podophylloquercitin (pod"o-fil"o-kwer-si'tin). A 
crystallizable principle from podophyllum: said to 
have no remedial value. 
podophyllo toxin (pod"o-fil-o-toks'in). A poi- 
sonous cathartic resin, CsoHisOeCOCHsjg + 13H2O, 
from Podophyl'lum pelta'tum. Dose, gr. 
(0.0011-0.006 gm.). 
podophyllous (pod-of'il-us) [Gr. ttovs foot+<^fiXXop 
leaf]. A term applied to the tissues forming the sen- 
sitive wall of the hoofs of animals. PODOPHYLLUM 
867 
POINT 
Podophyllum (pod-o-fil'um) [Gr. irovs foot + <pvX- 
Xov leaf]. A genus of berberidaceous plants. The 
rhizome and roots of P. pelta'tum, May-apple, or 
mandrake, contain a resin, podophyllin, and a 
constituent, podophyllotoxin. It is a cholagogue, 
laxative, and cathartic, and is used in chronic 
constipation, torpor of the liver, etc. Dose, 
5-20 gr. (0.33-1.33 gm.); of abstract, |-i gr. 
(0.016-0.066 gm.); of extract, |-i| gr. (0.033-0.1 
gm.); of fluidextract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); 
of tincture, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). 
podotrochilitis (pod"o-tro-kil-i'tis) [Gr. ttous foot 
+ rpoxiXea pulley + -tris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the navicular bone of the horse's foot. 
pee-. For words thus beginning, see those begin- 
ning pe-. 
poecilocyte (pe'sil-o-sit). See poikilocyte. 
Poehl's test (pelz) [Alexander Vasilyevich von 
Poehl, Russian chemist, born 1850]. See test. 
pogoniasis (po-go-ni'as-is) [Gr. rwvwplas bearded], 
1. Excessive growth of a beard. 2. The growth 
of a beard upon a woman. 
pogonion (po-go'ne-on) [Gr. irwywv beard]. The 
most anterior point of the chin in the middle line. 
poikiloblast (poi'kil-o-blast) [Gr. iroudXos speckled, 
varied + fiXacrTos germ], A large nucleated red 
blood-cell of irregular form. 
poikilocyte (poi'kil-o-sit) [Gr. -rroudXos varied + 
kotos cell]. A malformed and oversized non- 
nucleated red blood-corpuscle: seen in the blood 
of pernicious and other anemias. See blood. 
poikilocythemia (poi-kil"o-si-the'me-ah). Poi- 
kilocytosis. 
poikilocytosis (poi"kil-o-si-to'sis). A condition 
characterized by the presence of poikilocytes in 
the blood. 
poikiloder'ma atrophicans vascula're. A 
rare skin disorder of early adult life marked by 
mild pruritus, telangiectosis, pigmentation, and 
later capillary hemorrhages and atrophy. 
poikilonymy (poi-kil-on'im-e) [Gr. ttoikIXos varied 
+ owpa name]. The mingling of names or terms 
from different systems of nomenclature. 
poikiloplastocyte (poi-kil-o-plas'to-sit) [Gr. 
ttoimXos varied + plastocyte]. An irregularly 
shaped blood-plate. 
poikilothermal, poikilo thermic (poi"kil-o- 
ther'mal, poi"kil-o-ther'mik) [Gr. ttolkIXos varied 
+ Seppi) heat]. 1. Not having blood with a nearly 
constant temperature. 2. Capable of enduring 
marked variations of cold and heat. 
poikilo thermism (poi"kil-o-ther'mizm). The 
ability of bacteria, plants, and cold-blooded ani- 
mals to adapt themselves to the temperature of 
their environment. 
point (point) [L. punc'tum], 1. A small area or 
spot; the sharp end of an object. 2. To ap- 
proach the surface, like the pus of an abscess, at 
a definite spot or place, p. of an abscess, the 
place at which the pus comes nearest to the sur- 
face. alveolar p., the central point of the lower 
edge of the upper alveolar arch, apophysiary 
p. 1. The midpoint of the lower border of the 
anterior nares. Called also spinal p. and sub- 
nasal p. 2. See Trousseau's apophysiary p's. 
auricular p., the center of the opening of 
the external auditory meatus. Barker's p., a 
point one and one-fourth inches above and one 
and one-fourth inches behind the middle exter- 
nal auditory meatus. It is the proper spot to 
apply the trephine in abscess of the temporo- 
sphenoid lobe. Boas' p., a tender area to the 
left of the twelfth thoracic vertebra in patients 
with gastric ulcer, boiling-p., the temperature 
or point on the thermometer at which a liquid will 
boil. Water boils at ioo° C., or 2120 F. Brewer's 
p., the point of the costovertebral angle, tenderness 
over which points to kidney infection. Broca's 
p., the auricular point. Capuron's p's, the 
iliopectineal eminences and the sacro-iliac joints, 
cardinal p. i. Any one of a set of six points of 
reference in the eye, or of four in the pelvic inlet. 
They are-(a) the anterior focus, or anterior focal 
point, whose rays, coming from the retina and paral- 
lel to the axis of the eye, are brought to a focus; (b) 
the posterior focus, or posterior focal point, on the 
retina, at which rays converge parallel to the 
axis, and coming from the front of the eye; (c 
and d) the principal points, in the anterior cham- 
ber, behind the cornea and on the optic axis; 
(e and j) the nodal points, near the posterior 
surface of the lens. 2. Cardinal p's of Capuron, 
four points within the pelvic inlet-the two sacro- 
iliac articulations and the two iliopectineal emi- 
nences. Clado's p., a point of special tenderness 
in appendicitis, situated at the intersection of the 
right semilunar line by the interspinal line at the 
external border of the rectus abdominis mus- 
cle. cold p., any point on the surface at which 
hot bodies are not felt to be hot. cold-rigor p., 
that point of cold temperature at which the 
activity of a cell ceases. contact p., the 
point on the surface of a tooth which touches an 
adjoining tooth, corresponding p's, points upon 
the two retinae whose impressions unite to pro- 
duce a single perception, craniometric p., any 
one of a numerous set of points of reference as- 
sumed for use in craniometry, critical p. 1. The 
temperature at or above which a gas can no longer 
be liquefied by pressure alone. 2. The temperature 
above which a substance can no longer be retained 
in liquid form by pressure, deaf p., one of 
certain points near the ear where a vibrating 
tuning-fork cannot be heard, de Mussy's 
p., a point, exceedingly painful on pressure, 
on the line of the left border of the sternum, 
at the level of the end of the tenth rib: it is a 
symptom of diaphragmatic pleurisy, dew-p., 
the temperature at which dew begins to be de- 
posited. disparate p's, points on the retina 
which are not paired exactly, p. of dispersion, 
in optics, the virtual focus, dorsal p., a point, 
tender on pressure, situated between the spinous 
processes of the vertebrae at the border of the right 
scapula at the level of the fourth and fifth inter- 
costal space at a distance of two or three centi- 
meters from the middle line. It is found in hepatic 
colic. Called also Pauly's p. p. of election, that 
point at which any particular surgical operation is 
done by preference. Erb's p., a point two or three 
centimeters above the clavicle and without the 
posterior border of the sternomastoid, at the level 
of the transverse process of the sixth cervical 
vertebra; stimulation here contracts various arm 
muscles, eye-p. 1. An eye-spot or ocellus. 2. 
The bright circle seen at the crossing point or 
nearest the approximation of the rays above the 
microscopic ocular, far-p., the remotest point 
at which an object is clearly seen when the eye 
is at rest, fixation-p., that point on the visual 
axis at which an object is most clearly seen, 
focal p. See focus and under cardinal p. freez- 
ing-p., the temperature at which a liquid be- 
comes frozen: that of water is near o° C., or 
320 F. fusing-p. Same asmelting-p. glenoid 
p., the center of the glenoid cavity of the maxilla. 
Gueneau de Mussy's p. See de Mussy's p. 
Halle's p., a point on the surface of the abdomen 
corresponding to the point where the ureter crosses 
the pelvic brim. It is the point of intersection 
between a horizontal line connecting the anterior 
superior iliac spines and a vertical line projected 
upward from the pubic spine, hot p., any 
point on the surface at which cold bodies are 
not felt to be cold, hystero-epileptogenous 
p., hysterogenic p., a point on which, if pres- 
sure be made, a hysteric or hystero-epileptic attack 
may be produced. identical p's, the correspond- 
ing points on the retinae of the two eyes, iso-elec- 
tric p., in colloid chemistry, the hydrogen-ion con- 
centration at which minimum dissociation occurs, 
itchy p's., a condition in which there are points of itching on the skin. Called also puncta pruritisa. 
jugal p., the point of the angle formed by the 
masseteric and maxillary edges of the malar bone, 
jugomaxillary p., the point at the antero-in- 
ferior angle of the malar bone, lacrimal p's, 
the puncta lacrimalia: the outlets of the lacrimal 
canaliculi. Lanz's p., a point which indicates 
the position of the vermiform appendix. It is 
situated on a line connecting the two anterior 
superior iliac spines one-third of the distance from 
the right spine. Lian's p., a point at the junc- 
tion of the outer and middle thirds of a line joining 
the umbilicus and the left anterior superior iliac 
spine, the point of election for paracentesis of the 
abdomen, malar p., a point on the external 
tubercle of the malar bone, maximum occipital 
p., the point in the occipital bone furthest from 
the glabella. McBurney's p., the point of 
special tenderness in appendicitis. It is situ- 
ated about two inches from the right anterior 
superior spine of the ilium, on a line between 
the latter and the umbilicus. It corresponds with 
the normal position of the appendix. Meglin's 
p., the point where the palatine nerve emerges from 
the great palatine foramen, melting-p., the 
temperature in degrees at which a solid becomes 
liquefied by heat. mental p., the pogonion. 
metopic p., the metopion. Morris' p's, two 
points of special tenderness in appendicitis, situ- 
ated ij inches from the navel in a line running 
thence to the anterior superior iliac spine, mo- 
tor p. 1. The point at which a motor nerve 
enters a muscle. 2. The point wherever, if gal- 
vanic stimulation be applied, it will cause con- 
traction of a corresponding muscle. Munro's 
p., a point midway between the umbilicus and 
the left anterior iliac spine: usually selected 
as the point for performing abdominal punc- 
ture. Mussy's p. See de Mussy's p. nasal 
p. Same as nasion, near-p., the nearest 
point at which the eye can distinctly perceive an 
object; the nearest point of clear vision, near- 
p., absolute, the near-point for either eye 
alone with accommodation relaxed, near-p., 
relative, the near-point for both eyes with the 
employment of accommodation, nodal p's, 
two points situated on the optic axis of a di- 
optric system: so related that every incident 
ray which is directed toward the first point is 
represented after refraction by a ray coming 
from the second point, and which has. a direction 
parallel to the incident ray. occipital p. 1. 
The posterior point on the occipital bone. 2. 
The pointed posterior end of the occipital lobe of 
the brain, ossification p., the center of ossifi- 
catiorl in bone, painful p. See Valleix's p's. 
Pauly's p. See dorsal p. preauricular p., a 
point on the zygoma just in front of the upper end 
of the tongue, pressure p., a point of extreme 
sensibility to pressure, pressure-arresting p., 
a point at which pressure arrests spasm, press- 
ure-exciting p., a point at which pressure pro- 
duces spasm, principal p's, two points on the 
optic axis of the anterior chamber of the eye: lines 
drawn from these to corresponding points on the 
object and its image are parallel, reflection p., 
the point from which a ray of light is reflected, re- 
fraction p., the point at which a ray of light is re- 
fracted. retromandibular tender p., a point 
behind the superior extremity of the inferior maxilla 
below the lobule of the ear and in front of the mas- 
toid process. Pressure on this point elicits ex- 
treme pain in meningitis. Robson's p., the 
point of greatest tenderness in gall-bladder inflam- 
mation, situated opposite the junction of the mid- 
dle and lower third of a line drawn from the right 
nipple to the umbilicus. Rolando's p's, the 
points at the upper and lower ends of the fissure 
of Rolando, spinal p. Same as subnasal p. 
stereo-identical p's, points in space out- 
side of the region within which fusion of double 
images occurs, subnasal p., the central point 
of the root of the anterior nasal spine, sub- 
POINT 
868 
temporal p., the point where the sphenotem- 
poral suture and infratemporal crest intersect, 
supra-auricular p., a point at the root of the 
zygoma directly above the auricular point, supra- 
clavicular p., a point above the clavicle and out- 
side of the sternomastoid where the application of a 
stimulus causes contraction of the biceps, deltoid, 
brachialis anticus, and supinator longus muscles, 
supranasal p., the middle point of the transverse 
supra-orbital line, supra-orbital p., in neu- 
ralgia, a tender spot, just above the supra-orbital 
notch, sylvian p., a point on the surface of the 
skull from 29 to 32 millimeters behind the external 
angular process. Trousseau's apophysiary 
p's, points sensitive to pressure along the dorsal 
and lumbar vertebrae in certain cases of neuralgia, 
vaccine-p., a piece of bone or quill, one end of 
which is coated with vaccine lymph. Valleix's 
p's, pointes douloureux: tender points on the 
course of certain nerves in neuralgia, vital 
p., a point in the medulla oblongata, at the 
respiratory center, puncture of which causes im- 
mediate death. Vogt's p., a point at the 
intersection of a horizontal line, two fingers' 
breadth above the zygoma, with a vertical line a 
thumb's breadth behind the ascending spheno- 
frontal process: here trephination may be per- 
formed in traumatic meningeal hemorrhage. 
Voillemier's p., a point on the linea alba 6j 
cm. below the line which joins the anterior supe- 
rior iliac spinous processes: here the bladder 
may be punctured in obese or edematous pa- 
tients. Ziemssen's motor p's, the places of 
entrance of motor nerves into muscles: they are 
points of election in the therapeutic application 
of electricity to muscles. 
pointes douloureux (pwahnt doo-loo-ruh'). See 
Valleix's p's, under point. 
pointillage (pwahn-te-yahzh') [Fr.]. Massage with 
the points of the fingers. 
Poirier's line (pwah-re-az') [Paul Poirier, surgeon 
in Paris, 1853-1907]. See line. 
Poiseuille's law, space (pwah-zuhiz') [Jean 
Marie Poiseuille, physiologist in Paris, 1797- 
1869]. See law and space. 
poison (poi'zn) [L. po'tio draft; tox'icum; Gr. 
to^ckov]. Any substance applied to the body, 
ingested, or developed within the body, which 
causes or may cause disease, acrid p., irritant 
p., one which produces irritation or inflam- 
mation, as the mineral acids, oxalic acid, the 
caustic alkalis, antimony, arsenic, barium, the salts 
of copper, some of the compounds of lead, silver 
nitrate, the salts of zinc, iodin, cantharides, phos- 
phorus, etc. acronarcotic p., acrosedative p., 
poisons which produce sometimes irritation, some- 
times narcotism (or sedation), or both together. 
They are chiefly derived from the vegetable king- 
dom. Stramonium and belladonna are examples of 
the acronarcotic, and aconite an example of the 
acrosedative poisons, arrow p., a poisonous sub- 
stance used by savages on their arrows, crowd- 
p., the excrementitious matters contained in the 
respired air in crowded places, fatigue p. See 
fatigue toxin, under toxin, fugu p., a poison con- 
tained in the roe of certain fish in the waters of the 
East Indies, hemo tropic p., a poison which has 
an especial affinity for the red blood-corpuscles, 
microbial p., a toxin, morbid p., the poison 
of a specific disease, muscle-p. 1. A poison 
that impairs muscular action or function. 2. 
A toxic albumin formed during muscular action, 
narcotic p's, such as produce stupor or delirium, 
as opium, hyoscyamus, etc. ordeal p. See ordeal 
bark, protein p., a highly active poison derived 
from protein and believed to be a constituent of 
every true protein, sedative p's, those which 
directly reduce the vital powers, as hydrocyanic 
acid, potassium cyanid, hydrogen sulphid, and 
other of the poisonous gases, vascular p., a 
poison which acts by raising or lowering the blood- 
pressure. 
POISON POISON 
869 
POISON 
A TABLE OF POISONS AND POISONING. 
Drug. 
General Symptoms. 
Antidotes and Treatment. 
Acetanilid. 
Sweating; cyanosis; soft, weak pulse ; hemoglo- 
Heat; stimulants; strychnin ; belladonna; oxy- 
Acid, Acetic 
bin and hematin in urine. 
Similar to those caused by the mineral acids. 
gen inhalations. 
Alkalies, such as sodium and potassium bicar- 
(vinegar). 
Acid, Carbolic. 
Gastro-enteritis. Violent vomiting and purging; 
bonates; magnesia and soap; flaxseed-tea; 
milk or large quantities of, warm water; olive 
oil. 
The soluble sulphates, chiefly Epsom and Glau- 
Creosote. 
burning pain over entire abdomen; skin cov- 
ber salts; mucilaginous drinks; hot applica- 
Acid, Chromic. 
ered with sweat; face pinched and anxious; 
thready, imperceptible pulse ; great dyspnea; 
coma; contracted pupil; sometimes convul- 
sions ; collapse. 
Pain in abdomen; purging; vomiting, yellow 
tion to the skin; counterirritation over the 
abdomen; respiratory and cardiac stimulants; 
strychnin and digitalis ; hypodermic injections 
of ether and dilute sulphuric acid. 
Stomach-pump; chalk, milk, or albumin; muci- 
Acid, Hydro- 
stains; collapse. 
Violent gastro-enteritis. 
laginous drinks, 
Alkalies, soaps, oils, and white of egg. 
chloric (muri- 
atic acid). 
Acid, Hydrocy- 
Difficult respiration, expiration being prolonged ; 
No known antidote. General stimulation ; atro- 
anic (prussic 
slow cardiac action and disturbed cerebration, 
pin hypodermically; ammonia bv inhalation, 
acid). 
followed by convulsions, unconsciousness, wild 
by the mouth, or intravenously; artificial res- 
Acid, Nitric. 
cries, dilated pupils, vomiting, involuntary uri- 
nation and defecation, erection of penis, ejacu- 
lation of semen, asphyxia, cyanosis, paralysis, 
and general collapse. 
Violent gastro-enteritis. Tissues stained deep 
piration; alternate cold and hot douches to the 
chest. 
Alkalies; chalk, magnesia, whitewash, and 
Acid, Nitromu- 
yellow. 
Similar to preceding. Tissues stained yellow. 
soap. 
Similar to preceding. 
riatic (nitro- 
hydrochloric 
acid). 
Acid, Oxalic. 
Burning in the esophagus, followed by gastric 
Chalk, or lime scraped from a wall. Not the 
Acid, Sulphuric 
irritation; intense abdominal pain; vomiting 
of highly acid, greenish, blackish-brown, or 
bloody mucus; livid surface, cold skin, stupor, 
collapse, and sometimes convulsions. 
If protracted, pain in the mouth, throat, and epi- 
salts of potassium and sodium, as they form 
soluble oxalates. Apply general treatment for 
gastro-enteritis. 
Alkalies ; magnesia, chalk, whitewash, soap, oils, 
(oil of vitriol). 
gastrium; violent vomiting, often of blackish 
and opium; application of external heat. 
Acid, Tartaric. 
matters ; cold extremities ; clammy skin; sup- 
pression of the voice; swelling of the parotid 
glands; profuse salivation, which is sometimes 
bloody, followed by symptoms of general col- 
lapse. Tissues affected stained black. 
Gastro-enteritis. 
Alkalies; magnesia, lime, carbonate of sodium 
Aconite. 
Tingling in throat and extremities; marked general 
or potassium, soap. The after-treatment is 
that of gastro-enteritis. 
Hypodermic injections of ether, alcohol, especi- 
relaxation ; anesthesia of surface ; pulse slow, 
weak, intermittent; respiration shallow, slow, 
feeble; skin covered with cold sweat; coun- 
tenance pale, anxious; protrusion of eyes ; 
pupils generally dilated ; diplopia; often loss of 
voice and sight; sometimes gastric burning 
ally digitalis. Place patient in prone position 
and absolute quiet, head lower than feet. En- 
deavor to wash out stomach, but avoid emetics. 
External heat; atropin; ammonia; artificial 
respiration. 
Alcohol. 
and convulsions; consciousness may be pre- 
served; body temperature lowered. 
General relaxation, stupor, anesthesia ; coma ; 
Evacuate stomach; alternate cold and hot 
Ammonia. 
pulse rapid, weak, compressible; skin cool, 
moist; some unconsciousness; face pallid ; 
body temperature lowered ; breathing some- 
what stertorous. Symptoms resembling opium- 
poisoning and apoplexy; sometimes convul- 
sions. 
A local powerful irritant. General gastro-ente- 
douches; external heat; atropin, caffein, 
strychnin hypodermically. 
Neutralization by vinegar or dilute acids. If 
Antimony (tar- 
ritis; intense abdominal pain; bloody purgr 
ing; symptoms of suffocation; convulsions. 
Consciousness is preserved, but stupor or 
coma may be developed. 
Weak and slow pulse; skin moist and relaxed, 
edema threatens life, tracheotomy should be 
instantly performed. Oils, such as linseed, 
almond, or others, may! be administered. 
Chemic antidotes, tannic acid, or astringent 
tar emetic). 
followed by violent gastro-intestinal irritation ; 
infusions of oakbark, galls, etc., followed by 
vomiting of mucus, bile, watery fluid, and 
sometimes blood ; purging, first of contents of 
intestines, then mucus, bile, and sometimes 
blood, followed soon after by peculiar rice- 
water stools. The pulse is then imperceptible 
at the wrist; the respirations are shallow ; the 
face becomes pinched, livid, and covered with 
cold sweat ; cramps of the leg, accompanied 
by spots of anesthesia, and great fall of the 
bodily temperature. The whole symptomatol- 
ogy points to Asiatic cholera, from which the 
metallic poisoning can only be distinguished 
by chemical analysis. Sometimes, especially 
in protracted cases, there may occur tremb- 
lings, delirium, unconsciousness, clonic and 
tetanic convulsions. 
ingestion of white of egg. Other measures 
should consist in placing the patient in a 
prone position, with the head lower than the 
feet; general stimulation; application of ex- 
ternal heat; ingestion of alcohol, and especi- 
ally of digitalis hypodermically, as cardiac 
stimulants; opium, to allay irritation and 
pain, provided respiration be not feeble. POISON 
A TABLE OF POISONS AND POISONING.-Continued. 
870 
POISON 
Drug. 
General Symptoms. 
Antidote and Treatment. 
Antipyrin. 
Chilliness, profuse perspiration, slight cyanosis, 
a rash resembling that of measles, headache, 
nausea, lowering of blood-pressure, respiratory 
failure. 
Stimulants, warmth, atropin, strychnin, inhala- 
tions of oxygen, artificial respiration. 
Apomorphin. 
Severe vomiting, delirium, paralysis of motion 
and sensation, cardiac and respiratory depres- 
Stimulants of heart and respiration. 
Arsenic (arsen- 
Active irritation, accompanied by colicky pains, 
Chemic antidote : hydrated sesquioxid of iron. 
ous acid; 
intense burning of the esophagus and stom- 
This may be prepared in an emergency by 
Scheele's 
ach; sense of constriction in the throat and an 
adding ammonia to the tincture of chlorid 
green; insect- 
acrid, metallic taste in the mouth; violent 
of iron, and washing the precipitate with 
powder). 
vomiting and purging; matters rejected at 
first mucous, then bilious, of a yellowish or 
greenish color. The stools may become 
finally serous, and not infrequently bloody. 
Pulse feeble, small, and frequent; respiration 
rapid, labored, and painful; excessive thirst; 
suppression of urine ; more or less swelling of 
the face; ice-cold extremities; surface cya- 
nosed, followed by cramps, convulsions, coma, 
and death. In more or less protracted cases 
there may appear an eruption upon the skin 
which is either petechial or urticaria-like, papu- 
lar, vesicular, or pustular. 
water; or Monsel's solution and the so-called 
dialyzed iron may be employed instead of the 
tincture. The ferri oxidum hydratum cum 
magnesia, made by precipitating the solution 
of the tersulphate of iron by magnesia, is per- 
haps the best antidote. This should be fol- 
lowed by the administration of castor oil, de- 
mulcent drinks, opium, external heat, and 
stimulants; large draughts of water contain- 
ing sweet spirit of niter, especially if there be 
a tendency to suppression of urine. 
Belladonna 
Dryness of mouth and throat; increased cardiac 
Evacuation of stomach; early use of catheter; 
(atropin). 
Bloodroot. 
action ; rapid breathing ; flushing of face ; di- 
lated pupils; wild, talkative delirium; scar- 
latinous, non-punctated rash ; sometimes laryn- 
gitis, roughness of voice, with expectoration 
of minute pearly pellets; then stupor, followed 
by paralysis ; cold extremities; retention of 
urine. 
See Sanguinaria. 
tannic acid; external heat; stimulation by 
mustard; pilocarpin best physiologic anti- 
dote ; caflein; physostigma; alternate cold 
and hot douches; artificial respiration. 
Caffein. 
Burning in throat, vertigo, nausea, faintness, and 
numbness, thirst, parched tongue, abdominal 
pain, tremor, weak pulse, cold skin, collapse. 
Emetics, heat, stimulants, atropin, and mor- 
phin. 
Calabar bean 
Giddiness ; muscular tremors ; complete muscu- 
Evacuate stomach; atropin best physiologic 
antidote ; external heat; stimulants; artificial 
(physostig- 
lar relaxation ; pupils contracted; respiration 
ma). 
slow, irregular; loss of reflexes ; vomiting and 
purging, but both often absent. 
respiration. 
Calcium (slaked 
Those of a powerful caustic. Gastro-intestinal 
Similar to the preceding, with the ingestion of 
lime). 
inflammation. 
milk and mucilaginous drinks. 
Camphor. 
Burning pain in abdomen ; vertigo ; prostration ; 
cyanosis ; delirium ; convulsions ; quick, weak 
pulse ; clammy skin ; odor of camphor. 
Emetics; heat; stimulants; alcohol. 
Cannabis indi- 
Sense of exhilaration; peculiar prolongation of 
General stimulation ; belladonna or atropin; arti- 
ca (Indian 
hemp). 
time and sense of double consciousness, fol- 
lowed by drowsiness, anesthesia, loss of power, 
especially of lower extremities; pupils dilated: 
rapid pulse; slow breathing; sometimes con- 
vulsions. 
ficial respiration. 
Cantharides 
Violent gastro-enteritis; burning sensation in 
No known antidote ; evacuate stomach; albumi- 
(Spanish flies). 
pharynx and esophagus with sense of constric- 
tion of throat; burning pain in back, bladder, 
and urethra; priapism; often great thirst; ves- 
ical tenesmus; scanty, bloody urine; some- 
times sloughing of genital organs; stupor, 
coma ; sometimes violent delirium and tetanic 
convulsions. 
nous or mucilaginous drinks: avoid oily sub- 
stances ; opiates to lessen irritation and pain; 
leeches to epigastrium ; anesthetics. 
Carbon Dioxid. 
Vertigo; headache; cyanosis; sleepiness; coma. 
Artificial respiration ; oxygen-inhalations; coun- 
ter-irritation ; electricity. 
Chloral. 
Complete muscular relaxation, followed by sleep 
and coma; respiration slow, shallow, feeble, 
labored; pulse slow, then rapid and thready; 
face white, livid, covered with cold sweat; 
pupils contracted, then dilated; great fall of 
body-temperature. 
Emetics ; strychnin, atropin, digitalis, ammonia, 
ether; alcohol hypodermically. Place patient 
in prone position, with head lower than feet. 
Keep patient roused. Artificial respiration; 
oxygen by inhalation; external heat. 
Chloroform. 
Stertorous, irregular shallow respiration; dilata- 
tion of pupils during anesthesia, and a pecu- 
liar shade or cloud passing over the face of 
patient, are the most dangerous symptoms. 
Remove drug, and immediately invert patient: 
alternate hot and cold douches; hypodermic 
injections of strychnin, atropin, and digitalis; 
electricity and artificial respiration. Avoid 
subcutaneous injections of ether and alcohol; i 
ammonia instead, hypodermically or intra- 
venously. 
Cocain. 
Vertigo; nausea; faintness; small, rapid pulse; 
slow respiration ; dilated pupil; prostration. 
Stimulants; artificial respiration; amyl nitrite. 
Codein. 
See Opium. 
Colchicum. 
Gastro-enteritis; profuse salivation; nausea, 
retching, griping; intense abdominal pain; 
great tenesmus ; violent purging ; rapid pulse, 
then slow; sense of prostration and great 
weakness; skin cold, pale, bedewed with 
sweat; spasms frequent; muscular pains and 
convulsions sometimes; collapse. 
Emetics and cathartics; tannic acid ; warm water 
freely; also white of egg; albuminous drinks; 
demulcents; opium. POISON 
871 
POISON 
A TABLE OF POISONS AND POISONING.-Continued. 
Drug. 
General Symptoms. 
Antidote and Treatment. 
Conium (hem- 
Giddiness; staggering; disturbed vision, followed 
Evacuate stomach; tannic acid ; strychnin, atro- 
lock). 
by complete muscular relaxation; nausea, 
sometimes vomiting; frontal headache; ptosis 
of eyelids; dilated pupils; pulse slow, then 
increased ; sometimes salivation and sweating. 
pin, caffein, digitalis, hypodermically; exter- 
nal heat; artificial respiration. 
Copper. 
Burning pain in stomach; copperish or metallic 
taste in mouth, followed by gastro-enteritis; 
vomiting of bluish liquid ; stools consist at first 
Chemic antidote : the yellow prussiate of potas- 
sium. Demulcent drinks; oils ; white of egg; 
milk; if no emesis has occurred, emetics and 
Corrosive Subli- 
mate. 
Creosote. 
of contents of intestines, becoming then glairy, 
mucous, or bloody; excessive salivation and 
bronchial secretion ; constant expectoration; 
epileptiform convulsions; delirium ; anesthe- 
sia ; sometimes syncope and jaundice; less- 
ened amount or suppression of urine, which is 
sometimes black. 
See Mercury. 
See Acid, carbolic. 
the stomach-pump; opium to allay irritation 
and pain. 
Croton Oil. 
Cyanid of Po- 
tassium. 
Those of violent gastro-intestinal inflammation. 
See Hydrocyanic Acid. 
Mucilaginous drinks; demulcents; opium; gen- 
eral stimulation. 
Digitalis (fox- 
Violent vomiting of mucus and bile; intense 
Tannic acid; then emetics or stomach-pump; 
glove). 
headache ; disordered vision ; vertigo; saliva- 
tion ; pulse slow, full, strong, dicrotic, becom- 
ing weak and rapid on patient rising, although 
heart beats violently; face pale; blue color 
of sclerotic; pupils dilated, sometimes con- 
tracted (?) ; eyeballs bulging; diarrhea; sup- 
pression of urine; pain in back and limbs; 
consciousness generally preserved, but late in 
poisoning delirium; then stupor, convulsions, 
and coma. 
aconite, best physiologic antidote, but use cau- 
tiously. Place patient in horizontal position, 
in absolute quiet; opium; external heat, espe- 
cially about abdomen. 
Ergot. 
Not well defined, but often gastric irritation, 
thirst, and diarrhea; burning pain in feet; 
dizziness; tingling of fingers; cramps in all 
extremities; pupils dilated; pulse small, fee- 
ble ; marked coldness of surface; sometimes 
convulsions; miscarriage or abortion in preg- 
nant women. 
General stimulation, with application of ex- 
ternal heat. 
Ether. 
Cyanosis; pulsation of jugular veins •, failure of 
diaphragmatic action, followed by paralysis of 
thoracic movements; pulse weak and rapid; 
respiration shallow, stertorous, labored ; great 
fall of body-temperature; dropping of jaw. 
Remove ether; invert patient; hypodermic in- 
jections of strychnin, atropin, ammonia intra- 
venously, digitalis ; dash ether on chest and 
abdomen ; external heat; frictions ; artificial 
respiration. Avoid subcutaneous injections 
of ether and alcohol. 
Formaldehyd 
Pain; vomiting, the vomitus being blood-stained 
Emetic; inhalation of ammonia ; hot bath ; a few 
drops of ammonia in water; administration of 
liquor ammoniae acetatis. 
(formalin). 
and having the odor of formaldehyd; cardiac 
depression. 
Gelsemium (yel- 
Dropping of jaw; ptosis; sense of languor, 
General, especially cardiac, stimulation; am- 
lowjasmine). 
Hyoscyamus 
(henbane). 
drowsiness ; great muscular relaxation; pulse 
rapid, feeble; skin moist, cold ; face anxious; 
loss of voice; respiration slow, labored; im- 
paired sensibility; disturbed vision, which is 
sometimes double; pupils dilated; great fall 
of body-temperature. 
See Belladonna. 
monia; digitalis; emetics, stomach-pump; 
atropin ; strychnin ; external heat. 
lodin (potassi- 
um ioaid). 
Iodoform. 
Violent gastro-enteritis, vomiting, and purging; 
Large quantities of starch, wheat flour, or arrow- 
metallic taste in mouth; marked salivation; 
pulse rapid and feeble; face deathly pale; 
total suppression of urine; sometimes swelling 
of eyelids, laryngeal pain, excessive thirst, 
high fever, albuminuria, cyanosis, violent ex- 
citement, convulsions, and collapse. 
Drowsiness; slight delirium; rapid pulse; high 
temperature. 
root boiled in water, freely ; emetics ; applica- 
tion of external heat; hypodermic injections 
of alcohol And digitalis, ammonia, atropin, 
strychnin. 
Jaborandi (pilo- 
carpin). 
Vertigo; salivation; profuse sweating; purging; 
vomiting; contracted pupils; pain in eyeball. 
Evacuate stomach ; stimulants. 
Lead. 
Sweet, metallic taste in mouth; pain in epigas- 
trium ; severe gastro-intestinal irritation ; mat- 
ters vomited white, passages black ; sometimes 
constipation; pulse rapid, tense, cord-like, 
then weak and relaxed ; face anxious, pinched, 
and livid; excessive thirst; cramps in legs; 
muscular twitching; vertigo, anesthesia ; stu- 
por, convulsions, coma; death. 
Soluble sulphates, especially sodium and mag- 
nesium, best chemical antidotes. Emetics 
or stomach-pump; mucilaginous or albumi- 
nous drinks; application of external heat; 
opium to allay irritation. ( 
Lobelia. 
Great prostration; nausea, vomiting, sometimes 
violent purging; cold sweating ; livid face ; 
skin pale ; pulse feeble ; sometimes burning in 
fauces and esophagus; muscular tremblings, 
convulsions, stupor, coma. 
Washing out stomach with solutions of tannic 
acid ; opium to allay irritation and pain; alco-1 
hoi, ammonia, strychnin, digitalis, hypoder- 
mically; external heat. A TABLE OF POISONS AND POISONING.-Continued. 
POISON 
872 
POISON 
Drug. 
General Symptoms. 
Antidote and Treatment. 
Mercury (bi- 
chlorid of, or 
corrosive sub- 
limate). 
Morphin. 
Intense gastro-enteritis ; metallic, coppery taste 
in mouth; sense of constriction in throat; 
burning pain in esophagus and stomach; 
colicky pains, diarrhea; vomiting: mucous, 
bilious, bloody; purging: serous, mucous, 
bloody ; much straining ; breath fetid ; pulse 
small, frequent, irregular ; face pinched, anx- 
ious ; cold extremities; convulsions, coma, 
collapse. If somewhat protracted, petechial 
eruption upon skin; sometimes febrile reac- 
tion. 
See Opium. 
White of egg freely, followed by stomach-pump 
to wash out stomach ; external heat; cardiac 
and respiratory stimulants. 
Mushrooms. 
Nicotin. 
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, cholera-like 
purging, with bloody stools. 
See Tobacco. 
For Amanita muscaria, hypodermic injections 
of atropin ; for A. phalloides, transfusions of 
fresh blood or of salt-solution; strychnin and 
nitroglycerin to support the heart's action. 
Nitrite of Amyl. 
Great muscular relaxation, with progressive loss 
of reflexes ; yellow vision ; marked pallor ; pu- 
pils dilated; pulse slow, almost imperceptible ; 
respiration irregular ; sometimes vomiting and 
epileptiform convulsions. 
General stimulation ; strychnin hypodermically ; 
alternate hot and cold douches ; digitalis; arti- 
ficial respiration. 
Nitrite of Ethyl. 
Nitrite of Potas- 
sium. 
Nitrite of Sodi- 
Same as preceding. 
Same as preceding. 
J urn. 
Nitroglycerin. 
Oil of Bitter 
" Queer " sensation in head ; giddiness ; feeling 
of constriction in throat; severe headache; 
pulse irregular: dilated pupils; precordial 
pain ; muscular weakness ; urine scanty, pig- 
mented ; sometimes nausea and loss Of con- 
sciousness ; other symptoms similar to those 
peculiar to the nitrites. 
See Hydrocyanic Acid. 
Atropin ; cold to the head; general stimulation; 
ergotin (?). 
Almonds. 
Opium. 
At first drowsiness, followed by deep sleep; 
pulse full, slow, and strong; breathing full ; 
skin warm, dry; pupils contracted. Soon 
after, face reddened, suffused, or distinctly 
cyanotic; complete loss of consciousness; 
breathing stertorous, puffing, then marked 
cyanosis; respiration very slow, difficult, 
and not deep, but shallow ; general relaxation ; 
skin now bedewed with cold, clammy sweat; 
pulse rapid and feeble ; coma, death. 
Unload stomach by emetics, such as mustard, 
ipecac, or sulphate of copper; use stomach- 
pump ; give tannic acid freely ; strong coffee 
or caffein ; external heat. Keep patient awake 
by shouting in ear, by walking him, by flagel- 
lating with wet towels, or by alternate hot and 
cold douches. Electricity ; respiratory stimu- 
lants, atropin, strychnin ; cardiac stimulants, 
alcohol, digitalis ; artificial respiration. 
Phosphorus. 
Physostigma. 
Pilocarpin. 
Phosphorous taste in mouth; breath laden 
with odor of drug; burning pain in esophagus, 
stomach, and abdomen ; gastro-enteritis ; mat- 
ters vomited and purged, mucus, bile, blood, 
luminous in the dark, often constipation; 
enlarged liver, jaundice, "coffee-grounds" 
vomit; bile suppressed at this time ; muscular 
twitchings, headache, vertigo, delirium ; erotic 
convulsions ; urine scanty, albuminous; un- 
consciousness, coma. In women pseudo- 
menstrual discharge, miscarriage, abortion. 
Whole train of symptoms resembles yellow 
atrophy of liver. 
See Calabar Bean. 
See Jaborandi. 
Sulphate of copper; old French oil of turpen- 
tine ; best of all, perhaps, potassium per- 
manganate, acting as a perfect chemic anti- 
dote, 0.2 to 0.3 per cent, solution; mucilagi- 
nous drinks ; emetics, purgatives ; opium to 
allay irritation; fats or oils should not be 
given. 
Quinin. 
Sabadilla. 
Deafness; blindness; erythematous eruptions; 
epistaxis ; symptoms of congestion. 
See Veratrum Sabadilla. 
Tannic acid ; general stimulation ; alcohol, am- 
monia, strong coffee ; artificial respiration. 
Sanguinaria. 
Gastro-enteritis; profuse salivation; violent 
vomiting and purging; faintness, vertigo ; dis- 
ordered vision; coldness; general insensi- 
bility; great thirst; pulse slow; great mus- 
cular prostration ; dilated pupils ; clonic con- 
vulsions. 
Tannic acid (?) ; general stimulation; atropin, 
strychnin, digitalis. 
Savin. 
Abdominal pain ; vomiting, tenesmus and bloody 
stools; convulsions; respiratory disturbances; 
coma ; collapse. 
Stomach-pump ; castor oil; morphin ; abdomi- 
nal poultices. 
Silver (salts of). 
Stramonium 
Diarrhea; pains; vomiting of white, cheesy 
matter, which turns black in sunlight; dizzi- 
ness ; convulsions ; paralysis , coma ; respira- 
tory disturbance. 
See Belladonna. 
Salt and water ; milk in large quantities ; evacu- 
ate stomach. 
(Jamestown 
weed). POISONING 
873 
POLE 
A TABLE OF POISONS AND POISONING.-Continued. 
i Drug. 
General Symptoms. 
Antidote and Treatment. 
Strychnin. 
Sudden muscular rigidity; stiffness of back of 
neck; uneasy startings, followed by tetanic 
convulsions; opisthotonos, feet everted ; slight 
touch or breath of air originates convulsions ; 
complete relaxation between convulsions; 
risus sardonicus, corners of mouth drawn 
back; eyes fixed, widely opened ; respiration 
ceases durihg convulsion; cramp-like mus- 
cular contractions, exceedingly painful; face 
pale; erections of penis; involuntary defeca- 
tion and urination ; consciousness preserved ; 
lockjaw late in poisoning. 
Amyl nitrite by inhalation or hypodermically; 
tannic acid as chemic antidote in draughts of 
warm water. After stomach is washed out, 
bromid of potassium by mouth or by rectum, 
combined with chloral; Calabar bean; arti- 
ficial respiration. 
Tobacco. 
Great depression ; giddiness, with feeling of 
intense wretchedness and weakness ; skin cold, 
clammy; pulse rapid, running, finally imper- 
ceptible ; dyspnea; muscular tremblings; 
sometimes convulsions. 
Wash out stomach; respiratory and cardiac 
stimulants, at'ropin, strychnin,digitalis ; Hoff- 
man's anodyne ; external heat and rubbings. 
Turpentine. 
Gastro-enteritis, generally preceded by giddi- 
ness and a kind of intoxication ; strangury ; 
bloody, scanty urine, with odor of violets ; 
cyanosis; skin moist or dry; pupils widely 
dilated; pulse feeble, rapid. 
Sulphates, of magnesium especially ; demulcent 
or albuminous drinks; opium. 
Veratrum Saba- 
Marked loss of muscular power, soon deepening 
Evacuate stomach ; general stimulation, caffein 
d i11 a (vera- 
trin). 
into collapse ; skin pale, cold, clammy; face 
pinched; muscular tremors; violent vomit- 
ing; sometimes serous purging; pulse rapid, 
thready; convulsions resembling those of 
strychnin; sometimes free diuresis; body- 
temperature lowered. 
or strong coffee ; absolute rest; external heat. 
Veratrum Vi- 
Genera] pronounced muscular relaxation; in- 
Wash out stomach with draughts of warm 
ride. 
tense nausea, constant retching; hiccough ; 
faintness; vertigo; pulse at first slow, then 
rapid, often running, almost imperceptible; 
disordered vision; skin cold, clammy; semi- 
unconsciousness ; precordial pain (?); often 
convulsions. 
water. Place patient in prone position, head 
lower than feet ; check vomiting, but patient 
must not be allowed to rise. Laudanum by 
rectum ; alcohol by mouth ; digitalis ; strych- 
nin ; atropin ; ammonia hypodermically or 
intravenously; external heat; rubbings; mild 
flagellations ; nitrite of amyl by inhalations. 
Zinc Chlorid, 
Pain in the abdomen ; nausea, vomiting, and 
White egg; mucilaginous drinks; emetics 
Zinc Sulphate. 
collapse. 
and stomach-pump. • 
poisoning (poi'zun-ing). The morbid condition 
produced by a poison, blood-p. See septi- 
cemia. crowd-p., poisoning by crowd-poisons. 
See under poison, food-p. See sitotoxism. 
forage p., a disease produced in animals, especi- 
ally horses, as a result of eating moldy or fermented 
food. Called also cerebrospinal meningitis, garage 
p., poisoning by carbon monoxid, which accumu- 
lates in the air of closed garages when the engine 
is run. Called also petromortis. loco-p. See 
locoism. meat p., acute, often severe gastro- 
enteritis caused by Bacterium enteritidis or some 
similar organism, sausage p. See allantiasis and 
botulism, tetrachlorethane p., a form of 
poisoning in munition workers from inhalation of 
the fumes of tetrachlorethane, characterized by 
toxic jaundice, headache, anorexia, and gastro- 
intestinal disturbance. T. N. T. p., trinitro- 
toluene poisoning, trinitrotoluene p. See 
trinitrotoluene. 
poison-ivy. See Rhus toxicodendron. 
poison-nut. Nux vomica. 
poison-oak. See Rhus toxicodendron. 
poison-sumac. See Rhus vernix. 
poitrinaire (pwah-tre-nar') [Fr.]. A patient with 
a chronic disease of the chest. 
poke (pok). See Phytolacca; also Veratrum viride. 
poker-back. Spondylitis deformans. 
polar (po'lar) [L. pola'ris; po'lus, Gr. iroXos axis]. 
Of, or pertaining to, a pole. 
polarimeter (po-lar-im'et-er) [polar + Gr. per poo 
measure]. A device for measuring the rotation of 
polarized light. 
polarimetry (po-lar-im'et-re). Measurement of 
the rotation of polarized light. 
polariscope (po-lar'is-kop) [polar + Gr. aKoireiv 
to view]. An instrument for the measurement 
of polarized light. 
polariscopic (po-lar-is-kop'ik). Pertaining to the 
polariscope or to polariscopy. 
polaristrobometer (po-lar"is-trob-om'et-er). A 
form of polarimeter used for delicate analyses. 
polarity (po-lar'it-e). i. The fact or condition of 
having poles. 2. The exhibition of opposite effects 
at the two extremities. 3. The exhibition, by a 
nerve, of both anelectrotonus and catelectrotonus, 
dynamic p., the specialization of a nerve-cell 
with reference to the flow of impulses. 
polarization (po"lar-iz-a'shun). 1. The produc- 
tion of that condition in light by virtue of which 
its vibrations take place all in one plane or else 
in circles and ellipses. 2. The accumulation of 
bubbles of hydrogen gas on the negative plate 
of a galvanic battery, so. that the generation of 
electricity is impeded, circular p., that polar- 
ization which causes, the vibrations all to take 
place in circles, elliptic p., that which causes 
the vibrations to move in ellipses, plane p., the 
production of such a polarization that the light 
vibrations are all in one plane, rotatory p., that 
which rotates the plane in which the vibrations 
take place. 
polarize (po'lar-iz). 1. To endue with polarity. 
2. To put into a state of polarization. 
polarizer (po'lar-i-zer). An appliance for polar- 
izing light. 
pole (pol) [L. po'lus; Gr. ttoXos]- n Either ex- 
tremity of any axis, as of the fetus or eye-lens. 
2. Either one of two points which have, opposite 
physical qualities (electric or other), animal p., 
the point on the surface of an ovum which contains 
the most active part of the protoplasm, as con- 
trasted with the vegetative p. anterior p., the 
front or facial end of the anteroposterior axis of 
the eye-lens, antigerminal p., the pole of an 
ovum opposite the germinal pole, at which is 
located the food yolk. cephalic p., the end of the 
fetal ellipse at which the head of the fetus is situated, frontal p., the most prominent part 
of the anterior end of each hemisphere of the 
brain, germinal p., that pole of an egg at 
which development begins, lower p., the anti- 
germinal pole, negative p., that electrode 
(cathode) and the associated apparatus of a 
galvanic battery which are connected with its 
electropositive element, north p., that point of a 
magnetic needle which, when it is freely suspended, 
will point toward the north._ nutritive p., 
the antigerminal pole, occipital p., the 
posterior end of the occipital lobe of the brain, 
pelvic p., the end of the fetal ellipse at which 
the breech of the fetus is situated, placental 
p., the pole of the chorion at which a dome- 
shaped placenta is located, positive p., that 
jelectrode (anode) and the .other conducting ap- 
paratus of a galvanic battery which are con- 
nected with its electronegative element, pos- 
terior p., the rear or posterior end of the antero- 
posterior axis of the eye-lens, south p., that 
point of a freely suspended magnetic needle 
which points south, temporal p., the prominent 
anterior end of the temporal lobe of the brain, 
twin p., that part of a spiral-fibered nerve-cell 
from which both the straight and spiral fibers 
spring, upper p., the germinal pole, vegeta- 
tive p., that pole at the end of an ovum which 
contains the food-yolk, vitelline p., the anti- 
germinal pole. 
poleozone (po-le-o'zon). An agent prepared from 
potassium chlorate by the action of sulphuric 
acid: a bactericide and oxidizer. 
police (po-les'). In medicine, an organization en- 
trusted with matters affecting the public health. 
policeman's disease (po-les'manz). Tarsalgia, 
policlinic (pol-e-klin'ik) [Gr. ttoXis city + kXIvii 
bed]. A city hospital, infirmary, or clinic. Of. 
polyclinic. 
poliencephalitis (pol"e-en-sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. ttoXios 
gray + encephalitis}. Inflammatory disease. of 
the gray substance of the brain, p. acu'ta in- 
fan'tum, an acute variety seen in children under 
six years of age, and marked by fever, vomiting, 
and convulsions. It is usually followed by per- 
manent paralysis of the limbs, which were affected 
with convulsions, inferior p., bulbar paralysis, 
posterior p., inflammation of the gray matter of 
the posterior part of the fourth ventricle, su- 
perior p., a hemorrhagic inflammation occurring 
near the third and fourth ventricles and in the 
gray matter of the upper part of the spinal cord. 
polioencephalitis (pol"e-o-en-sef-al-i'tis). Same 
as poliencephalitis. 
polioencephalomeningomyelitis (pol"e-o- 
en-sef "al-o-men-ing"go-mi-el-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord and 
of the meninges covering it. 
polioencephalomyelitis (pol"d-o-en-sef"al-o-mi- 
el-i'tis). Inflammatory disease of the gray matter 
of the brain and spinal cord. 
polioencephalopathy (pol"e-o-en-sef-al-op'ath- 
e) [Gr. iroXibs gray -T byKetpaXos brain + 
■w 0.60s disease]. Disease of the gray matter of the 
brain. 
poliomyelencephalitis (pol"e-o-mi-el-en"sef-al- 
i'tis) [Gr. ttoXios gray + pveXbs marrow + tyKtya- 
Xos brain]. Poliomyelitis combined with polien- 
cephalitis. 
poliomyelitis (pol"e-o-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. ttoXlos gray 
+ pveXos marrow]. Inflammation of the gray sub- 
stance of the spinal cord, acute anterior p., 
an" acute infectious disease affecting children, 
usually about the period of the first dentition. It 
comes on suddenly, often with fever, and is at- 
tended with motor paralysis and atrophy of groups 
of muscles, ending in contraction and permanent 
deformity. It is caused by a filtrable virus, but 
the mode of transmission of the organism has 
not yet been definitely determined. Called 
.also infantile paralysis, epidemic infantile paral- 
POLEOZONE 
874 
ysis, acute wasting paralysis, essential paralysis 
of children, Heine-Medin disease, and acute atrophic 
paralysis, p. ante'rior, inflammation of the 
anterior horns of the gray substance of the spinal 
cord, ascending p., a paralytic affection 
which is first manifested in the legs and rapidly 
ascends cephalad. The patient may recover with 
damaged muscles, but involvement of the muscles 
of respiration and deglutition may prove fatal, 
chronic p., progressive muscular; - 
chronic anterior p., muscular atrophy or 
and upper extremities with periods of improve- 
ment. metallic p., paralysis and muscular 
atrophy due to metallic poisoning. 
poliomyeloencephalitis (pol"e-o-mi"el-o-en- 
sef-al-i'tis) [Gr. ttoXios gray fl- pveXbs marrow 
+ eVK^aXos brain + -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the gray matter of brain and spinal 
cord, causing infantile cerebrospinal paralysis. 
poliomyelopathy (pol"e-o-mi-el-op'ath-e) [Gr. 
ttoXios gray + /xueXos marrow fl- 7ra0os disease]. 
Any disease primarily affecting the gray matter 
of the spinal cord. 
polioneuromere (pol"e-o-nu'ro-mer) [Gr. ttoXios 
gray + vevpov nerve + pepos part]. One of the 
primitive segments of the gray matter of the spinal 
cord. 
polioplasm (pol'e-o-plazm) [Gr. ttoXws gray + 
irXacrpa plasm]. The internal, granular proto- 
plasm proper of a cell. 
poliosis (pol-e-o'sis) [Gr. ttoXios gray]. Premature 
grayness of the hair. 
Polish plait (po'lish). See plica polonica. 
Politzer's bag, cone, speculum, test, etc. 
(pol'its-erz) [Adam Politzer, Austrian otologist, 
1835-1920]. See under the nouns. 
politzerization (po"lit-zer-iz-a'shun) [Adam Polit- 
zer, an Austrian otologist]. The inflation of the 
middle ear by means of a Politzer bag. See under 
bag. negative p., suction of secretion from a 
cavity by means of a Politzer bag. 
poll (pol). The back part of the head, especially 
such part of an animal, p.-evil, an abscess be- 
hind the ears of a horse. 
pollaccine (pol-ak'sin). A pollen vaccine for hay- 
fever. 
pollakiuria (pol"ak-e-u're-ah) [Gr. TroXXaxis often 
+ ovpov urine]. Unduly frequent passage of the 
urine. 
pollantin (pol-an'tin). An antitoxin derived from 
the blood of horses by inoculating them with the 
toxin of the pollen of certain plants; used in 
hay-fever (Dunbar and Weichardt, 1903). 
pollenogenic (pol"en-o-jen'ik) [pollen + Gr. yeuvav 
to produce]. Caused by the pollen of plants. 
pollenosis (pol-en-o'sis). Hay-fever. 
pollex (pol'eks), pl. pol'lices. Latin for thumb. 
p. exten'sus, backward deviation of the thumb, 
p. flex'us, permanent flexion of the thumb, 
p. pe'dis, the great toe; hallux, p. val'gus, 
deviation of the thumb toward the ulnar side, 
p. va'rus, deviation of the thumb toward the 
radial side. 
pollinosis (pol-in-o'sis). Hay-fever. See under 
fever. 
pollodic (pol-o'dik) [Gr. iroXXol many + 656s way]. 
Same as panthodic. 
pollution (pol-u'shun) [L. pollu'tio}. 1. The act 
of defiling or making impure. 2. The discharge 
of semen without coition, nocturnal p., the 
discharge of semen during sleep, self-p., vol- 
untary pollution; masturbation. 
polocyte (po'lo-sit) [Gr. ttoXos pole + kotos 
cell]. See polar body, under body. 
polonium (po-lo'ne-um) [L. Polo'nia Poland]. A 
rare metal resembling bismuth, discovered in 
1898 in pitchblende. It has radiant properties 
like those of radium, but is less active. 
poltophagy (pol-tof'aj-e) [Gr. tt6Xtos porridge 
POLTOPHAGY POLUS 
875 
+ ipayeiv to eat]. Thorough chewing of the food 
so that it becomes reduced to a porridge-like 
mass. 
polus (po'lus) [L. a " pole "]. p. anteTior len'- 
tis. See anterior pole, under pole. p. posterior 
len'tis. See posterior pole, under pole. 
poly (pol'e). A polymorphonuclear leukocyte, 
pbly- [Gr. ttoXus many]. A prefix meaning many. 
■^nivnconstic (pol-e-ak-oos'tik) [Gr. ttoXvs much 
r relating to hearing]. Increasing or 
intensifying sound. 
polyadenia (pol"e-ad-e'ne-ah) [Gr. ttoXus many + 
0.81)0 gland]. Same as pseudoleukemia. 
polyadenitis (pol"e-ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
a8i)v gland]. _ Inflammation of several or many 
glands, malignant p., the bubonic plague. 
polyadenoma (pol"e-ad-en-o'mah). Adenoma of 
many glands. 
polyadenomatosis (pol"e-ad-en-o-mat-o'sis). Mul- 
tiple adenomas in a part. 
polyadenosis (pol"e-ad-en-o'sis). Disorder of sev- 
eral glands, particularly of several endocrine glands. 
polyadenous (pol-e-ad'en-us) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
d8i)v gland]. Having or affecting many glands. 
polyaemia (pol-e-e'me-ah). See polyemia. 
polysesthesia (pol-e-es-the'ze-ah). See polyesthesia. 
polyalcoholism (pol-e-al'ko-hol-izm). Intoxica- 
tion or poisoning by a mixture of different alcohols. 
polyalgesia (pol-e-al-je'se-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
&Xyi)<ris sense of pain]. A condition in which a 
single pin-prick feels as if several had been made. 
polyarteritis (pol"e-ar-ter-i'tis) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
-T apTripta artery + -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of several arteries at the same time, 
p. nodo'sa, a disease marked by the development 
of nodules in the smaller arteries. 
polyarthric (pol-e-ar'thrik) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
apOpov joint]. Pertaining to or affecting many 
joints. 
polyarthritis (pol"e-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. ttoXus many + 
apOpov joint + -iris inflammation]. An inflam- 
mation of several joints together, chronic vil- 
lous p., chronic inflammation of the synovial 
membrane of several joints, p. des'truens, 
proliferative arthritis, tuberculous p., pul- 
monary osteo-arthropathy. vertebral p., dis- 
ease of the intervertebral substance without caries 
of the bodies of the vertebrse. 
polyarticular (pol"e-ar-tik'u-lar) [Gr. ttoXus many 
+ L. artic'ulus joint]. Affecting many joints. 
polyatomic (por'e-at-om'ik) [Gr. ttoXus many + 
dropov atom]. 1. Composed of several atoms. 
2. Having more than two hydroxyl groups. 
polyaxon (pol-e-aks'on) [Gr. ttoXus many + d&ov 
axis]. A nerve-cell from the horizontal den- 
drites of which four or more axons or branches 
are given off. 
polyaxonic (pol-e-ak-son'ik). Having several ax- 
ons. 
polyazin (pol-e-az'in). An organic chemic com- 
pound whose molecules contain atoms two or more 
of which are nitrogen. 
polybacterium (pol"e-bak-te're-um). A small oval 
bacillus thought by some to be the cause of whoop- 
ing-cough. The ends of the bacillus stain more 
deeply than the center. See Hemophilus pertussis. 
polybasic (pol-e-ba'sik) [Gr. ttoXus many + fdaxris 
base]. 1. Noting any acid which has several 
hydrogen atoms replaceable by a base. 2. Noting 
any salt of a polybasic acid formed by replacing 
some or all of its hydrogen atoms by a base. 
polyblast (pol'e-blast) [Gr. ttoXvs many + /SXaaros 
germ]. A general term for the various cells 
which appear in new formation of connective tis- 
sue, and which are neither leukocytes nor fibro- 
blasts. The term includes mononuclear leuko- 
cytes, lymphocytes, wandering connective-tissue 
cells, plasma-cells, mast-cells, etc. 
polybiennia (pol-e-blen'e-ah) [Gr. ttoXus much + 
fiXeova mucus]. The secretion of an excessive 
quantity of mucus. 
polycardia (pol-e-kar'de-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
Kap8la heart]. Same as tachycardia. 
polycentric (pol-e-sen'trik). Having many cen- 
ters. 
polyceptor (pol-e-sep'tor) [Gr. ttoXus many + 
ceptor]. An amboceptor which is capable of bind- 
ing a number of different complements. 
polycheiria (pol-e-ki're-ah) [Gr. ttoXus many + 
X«p hand]. The condition of having a super- 
numerary hand. 
polychloral (pol-e-klo'ral). See hydronal. 
polycholia (pol-e-ko'le-ah) [Gr. ttoXus many -|- 
X0X17 bile]. Excessive flow or secretion of bile. 
polychrest (pol'e-krest) [Gr. ttoXus many + xPVaTos 
useful]. 1. Useful in many conditions. 2. A 
remedy useful in many diseases. 
polychromasia (pol-e-kro-ma'ze-ah). Same as poly- 
chromatophilia. 
polychromate (pol-e-kro'mat). A person who can 
distinguish many colors. 
polychromatia (pol"e-kro-ma'she-ah). Polychro- 
matophilia. 
polychromatic (pol"e-kro-mat'ik) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
+ xP&Pa color]. Exhibiting many colors. 
polychromatophil (pore-kro-mat'o-fil) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many + xpwpa color + ipiXeiv to love]. 1. Stain- 
able with many kinds of colors or stains. 2. A 
cell or other element that is stainable with various 
stains or colors. 
polychromatophilia (pol-e-kro"mat-o-fil'e-ah). 
1. The quality of being stainable with various 
stains or tints; affinity for all sorts of stains-a 
condition seen in the diseased red blood-cor- 
puscle, its normal affinity being for acid stains 
only. 2. An accumulation of polychromatophils. 
polychromatophilic (pol-e-kro"mat-o-fil'ik) [Gr. 
ttoXvs many + xpwpa color + ipiXiiv to love]. 
Stainable with various colors or stains. 
polychromatosis (pol"e-kro-mat-o'sis). Same as 
polychromatophilia (2d def.). 
polychromemia (pol-e-kro-me'me-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many + xP&pa color + alpa blood]. Increase in 
the coloring-matter of the blood. 
polychromia (pol-ik-ro'me-ah) [Gr. woXis many 
+ xP&Pa color]. Increased or abnormal pigment- 
formation. 
polychromic (pol-e-kro'mik). Exhibiting several 
colors. 
polychromophil (pol-e-kro'mo-fil). Polychromat- 
ophil. 
polychrornophilia (pol"e-kro-mo-fil'e-ah). Poly- 
chromatophilia. 
polychylia (pol-e-ki'le-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs much + 
kvXos chyle]. Excessive production of chyle. 
polyclinic (pol-e-klin'ik) [Gr. ttoXvs many + kXIvt) 
bed]. 1. Not limited in the range of diseases 
treated. Cf. policlinic. 2. A hospital and school 
where diseases and injuries of all kinds are studied 
and treated clinically. 
polyclonia (pol-ik-lo'ne-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
kXopos clonus]. A disease marked by many 
clonic spasms, resembling tic and chorea, but 
distinct from either. 
polycoria (pol-e-ko're-ah) [Gr. ttoXus many + Kopy 
pupil]. The existence of more than one pupil 
in an eye. 
polycrotic (pol-e-krot'ik) [Gr. ttoXus many + Kpbros 
stroke]. Having several secondary waves to each 
pulse-beat. 
polycrotism (pol-ik'ro-tizm). The fact or quality 
of being polycrotic. 
polycyesis (pol"e-si-e'sis) [Gr. ttoXvs many + Kvijats 
pregnancy]. Multiple pregnancy. 
polycystic (pol-e-sis'tik )[Gr. ttoXus many + kv<tt is 
cyst]. Containing or made up of many cysts. 
POLYCYSTIC polycythemia, polycythaemia (pol"e-si-the'me- 
ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- kvtos cell + alpa blood]. 
Excess in the number of red corpuscles in the 
blood, chronic splenomegalic p., a condition 
marked by the general redness or cyanosis of the 
skin, polycythemia, high blood-pressure, and en- 
largement of the spleen. The disease extends 
over many years, and gradually asthenia, edema, 
cardiac dilatation, and albuminuria appear. See 
erythemia. p. hyperton'ica, a condition marked 
by polycythemia without enlargement of the 
spleen, but with hypertrophy of the heart and 
heightened blood-pressure. Called also Geisbock's 
disease, myelopathic p. See erythemia. re- 
lative p., relative excess in the number of red 
blood-corpuscles resulting from loss of the fluid 
parts of the blood, p. ru'bra, erythrocytosis. 
polycytosis (pol-e-si-to'sis) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
kvtos cell]. Abnormal increase in the cells of the 
blood, both erythrocytes and leukocytes, the 
plasma being reduced in volume. 
polydactylism (pol-e-dak'til-izm) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
+ baKTvXos finger]. The occurrence of more than 
the usual number of fingers or toes. 
polydipsia (pol-e-dip'se-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs much + 
5t/a thirst]. Excessive thirst, p. ebrio'ria, a 
craving for intoxicant liquors. 
polydispersoid (pol-e-dis-per'soid). A colloid in 
which the disperse consists of particles having 
different degrees of dispersion. 
polyembryony (pol-e-em-bri'o-ne) [Gr. ttoXvs much 
4- embryo]. The production of more than one 
individual from a single fertilized egg. 
polyemia, polysemia (pol-e-e'me-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs 
much 4- alpa blood]. Excess in the quantity or 
amount of blood in the body. p. aquo'sa, ex- 
cess in the volume of the blood due to the drink- 
ing of much water, p. hyperalbumino'sa, an 
excess of albumin in the blood-plasma, p. poly- 
cythsem'ica, that which is characterized by an 
absolute increase in the number of red corpuscles 
in the blood, p. sero'sa, a condition in which 
the amount of blood-serum is increased, some- 
times due to the injection of serum into the blood- 
vessels. 
polyergic (pol-e-er'jik) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- epyov 
work]. Able to act in several different ways. 
polyesthesia, polyaesthesia (pore-es-the'ze-ah) 
[Gr. ttoXvs many + aicr^T/ais sensation]. A com- 
dition in which a single object seems to be felt in 
several different places. 
polyesthetic (pol'e-es-thet'ik). Pertaining to or 
affecting several senses or sensations. 
polyformin, insoluble (pol-e-for'min). A brown- 
yellow, amorphous compound of resorcinol and 
formaldehyd: a bactericide. Besides this, other 
insoluble polyformins can be formed, soluble 
p., a compound of resorcinol and hexamethylene 
tetramin, (CH2)gN4 4- 2CeH4(OH)2, in white crys- 
tals: used in skin diseases, and internally as a diu- 
retic and antiseptic. 
Polygala (po-lig'al-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 7aXa 
milk]. A genus of plants (milkworts) of many 
species. See Senega. 
polygalactia (pol"e-gal-ak'she-ah) [Gr. rroXbsmuch 
4-7<xXa milk]. An excessive secretion of milk. 
polygalin (pol-ig^al-in). A bitter substance, one 
of the active principles of senega (Polyg' ala sen'- 
ega). Called also polygalic acid. Dose, |-i gr. 
(0.016-0.066 gm.). 
polyganglionic (pol"e-gang-le-on'ik) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many 4* yayyXiov ganglion]. 1. Having or per- 
taining to several or many ganglia. 2. Affecting 
several lymphatic glands. 
polygastria (pol-e-gas'tre-ah) [Gr. toXvs much 4- 
yaarqp stomach]. Excessive secretion of gastric 
juice. 
polygen (pol'e-jen). An element which is able to 
combine in two or more proportions. 
POLYCYTHEMIA 
876 
polyglandular (pol-e-glan'du-lar). Affecting 
many glands, p. syndrome. See under syn- 
drome. 
polyglobulia (pol"e-glo-bu'le-ah). Polyglobulism, 
polyglobulism (pol-e-glob'u-lizm) [Gr. vroXus much 
+ globule]. Abnormal increase of the red corpuscles 
of the blood. 
polygnathus (pol-ig'na-thus) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
yvaOos jaw]. A double monster-fetus united at 
the jaws. 
Polygonatum (pol-ig-o-na'tum) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
ybvv knee]. A genus of liliaceous plants called 
Solomon's-seal. Several of the species are tonic, 
vulnerary, diuretic, and purgative: in a consid- 
erable dose they are cardiant poisons. Dose of 
fluidextract of P. biflo'rum, 10-30 min. (0.66-2 c.c.). 
Polygonum (po-lig'on-um) [L.; Gr. ttoXvs many 
+ ywvla angle]. A genus of plants of many spe- 
cies: many of them are astringent, diuretic, and 
stimulant. P. cuspida'tum, a wild plant of 
Japan and China possessing purgative properties. 
P. hydrop'iper, or smartweed, is valued in domestic 
practice. Dose of fluidextract, 10-60 min. (0.666- 
4 c.c.). 
polygram (pol'e-gram). A tracing made by a 
polygraph. 
polygraph (pol'e-graf) [Gr. ttoXvs many + ypatpeiv 
to record]. Mackenzie's instrument for making 
simultaneous tracings on the same recording sur- 
face of any two of the following: the arterial pulse, 
the jugular pulse, the apex-beat, and the respiratory 
movements. 
polygyria (pol-e-jir'e-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many + vupos 
gyrus]. A condition in which there is more than 
the normal number of convolutions in the brain. 
polyhsemia (pol-e-he'me-ah). Same as polyemia. 
polyhedral (pol-e-he'dral) [Gr. ttoXvs many + edpa. 
seat, base]. Having many faces or sides. 
polyhidrosis, polyidrosis (pol"e-hid-ro'sis, pol"- 
e-id-ro'sis) [Gr. ttoXvs much + I5pw sweat], 1. 
Excess in the secretion of sweat. 2. Miliary 
fever, or sweating sickness. 
polyhybrid (pol-e-hi'brid). A hybrid whose 
parents differ from each other in more than three 
characters. 
polyhydramnios (pol"e-hi-dram'ne-os) [Gr. ttoXvs 
much + vbup water + apuiov amnion]. Excess 
in the amount of the liquor amnii in pregnancy. 
polyhydruria (pol"i-hi-dru're-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many 4- vbwp water + ovpov urine]. Abnormal 
dilution of the urine. 
polyidrosis (pol-e-id-ro'sis). Polyhidrosis. 
polyinfection (pol-e-in-fek'shun) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
4- infection]. Infection with more than one 
organism. 
polykaryocyte (pol-e-kar'e-o-sit) [Gr- ttoXvs many 
+ Kapvov nucleus + kvtos cell], A giant cell con- 
taining several nuclei. These cells are now called 
osteoclasts. 
polylaktol (pol-e-lak'tol). A proprietary lacta- 
gogue, being a mixture of iron-somatose with car- 
bohydrates, maltose, and galactose. 
polyleptic (pol-e-lep'tik) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- Xap- 
Paveiv to seize]. Having many remissions and 
exacerbations. 
polymastia (pol-e-mas'te-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
paaros breast]. The presence of more than two 
mammae, or breasts: incorrectly used as a syn- 
onym of polythelia. 
Polymastigina (pol-e-mas-tig-i'nah). An order of 
the Flagellata the members of which possess three 
to eight flagella. It includes the trichomonads and 
Giardia. 
polymastigote (pol-e-mas'tig-ot) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
+ paan^ lash]. Having several flagella. 
polymazia (pol-e-ma'ze-ah). Same as polymastia. 
polymelia (pol-e-me'le-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
piXos limb]. The monstrosity or variety of terat- 
POLYMELIA ism exhibited by a polymelus; the presence of super- 
numerary parts. 
polymelus (pol-im'el-us) [Gr. ttoXvs many + piXos 
limb]. A monster-fetus with more than the nor- 
mal number of limbs. 
polymer (pol'im-er) [Gr. ttoXvs many + pepos part]. 
Any member of a series of polymeric substances. 
polymeria (pol-e-me're-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
pepos part]. The presence of supernumerary parts 
or organs of the body. 
polymeric (pol-e-mer'ik). 1. Characterized by poly- 
merism. 2. Concerned with, derived from, or 
pertaining to, several pigments. 
polymer id (pol-im'er-id). A substance character- 
ized by polymerism; a polymer. 
polymerism (pol-im'er-izm) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
pepos part], 1. Isomerism in which the molec- 
ular weights of members of the series are in num- 
bers which are multiples of each other. 2. Same 
as polymeria. 
polymerization (pol-e-mer-iz-a'shun). Chemical 
union of two or more molecules of a substance to 
form a new compound without the elimination of a 
secondary compound. 
polymerize (pol-im'er-Iz). To change or to be- 
come changed into a polymeric form. 
polymicrobial, polymicrobic (pol"e-mi-kro'be- 
al, pol"e-mi-kro'bik) [Gr. ttoXvs many + microbe]. 
Characterized by the presence of various species 
of microbes. 
polymicrolipomatosis (pol-e-mi"kro-lip-o-mat-o' 
sis) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- ptKpos small + XIttos fat]. 
The presence in the subcutaneous tissue of numer- 
ous small fatty tumors. 
polymicrotome (pol-e-mi'kro-tom) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many 4- microtome], A microtome which cuts 
several sections at once. 
polymitus (po-lim'it-us) [Gr. ttoXvs many + ptros 
thread]. An animal microorganism, or stage, 
of various forms, provided with thread-like fila- 
ments or with buds, or both. Forms of polym- 
itus have been observed within the Gymnosporidia, 
the blood-parasites of birds, and of human mala- 
ria. The nature and functions are undetermined. 
Polymnia (po-lim'ne-ah) [Gr.; one of the Muses], 
A genus of composite-flowered plants. P. uveda'- 
lia, leafcup or bearsfoot, is anthelmintic, altera- 
tive, and antispasmodic. Dose of fluidextract, 
5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). 
polymorph (pol'im-orf). A polymorphonuclear 
leukocyte. 
polymorphic, polymorphous (pol-e-mor'fik, 
pol-e-mor'fus) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- pop^pr) form]. 
Occurring in several or many forms. 
polymorphism (pol-e-mor'fizm) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
+ poptpr) form]. The quality or character of being 
polymorphous; occurrence in various forms. 
polymorphocellular (pol"e-mor-fo-sel'u-lar) [Gr. 
ttoXvs many 4- poptpr) form 4- L. cel'lula cell]. 
Having cells of many forms. 
polymorphocyte (pol-e-mor'fo-slt). Same as my- 
elocyte. 
polymorphonuclear (pol"e-mor-fo-nu'kle-ar) [Gr. 
ttoXvs many + popp-p form 4- nucleus]. Having 
nuclei of many forms, as certain leukocytes. 
polymorphous (pol-e-mor'fus). Polymorphic. 
polymyerial (pol-e-mi-e're-al). A type of arrange- 
ment of the muscular system in the Nematoda. 
The muscle-cells or plates are numerous, irregular, 
and penetrate into the parenchyma. 
polymyoclonus (pol"e-mi-ok'lo-nus) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many 4- pvs muscle 4- kXovos clonus]. 1. A fine 
or minute muscular tremor. 2. Polyclonia. 
polymyositis (pol"e-mi-o-si'tis) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
4- pvs muscle]. Inflammation of several or many 
muscles at once. It is attended by pain, tension, 
edema, deformity, insomnia, and sweats. 
POLYMELUS 
877 
polynesic (pol-e-ne'sik) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- vfjaos 
island]. Multiple and insular; occurring in many 
foci. 
polyneural (pol-e-nuzral) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- vevpov 
nerve]. Pertaining to or supplied by several 
nerves. 
polyneuric (pol-e-nu'rik). Having many neurons, 
polyneuritic (pol-e-nu-rit'ik). Pertaining to or 
affected with polyneuritis. 
polyneuritis (pol"e-nu-ri'tis) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
vevpov nerve]. Inflammation of many nerves at 
once; multiple neuritis, acute infectious p., 
a disease beginning with febrile symptoms and fol- 
lowed by suddenly developing wide-spread bilateral 
paralysis of the face, trunk, and proximal segments 
of the limbs, p. gallina'rum, a form of poly- 
neuritis seen in fowls after feeding with peeled 
grain, p. potato'rum, a chronic neuritis result- 
ing from the excessive use of alcoholic stimulants. 
Called also alcoholic neuritis and pseudotabes. 
polynuclear (pol-e-nu'kle-ar). i. Having several 
nuclei. 2. A leukocyte having several nuclei. 
polynucleated (pol-e-nu'kle-a-ted). Same as 
polynuclear. 
polynucleolar (pol-e-nu-kle'o-lar). Having sev- 
eral nucleoli. 
polynucleosis (pol"e-nu-kle-o'sis). The presence 
of a large number of polynuclear cells in the blood 
or in an exudate. 
polynucleotid (pol-e-nu'kle-o-tid). A nucleotid 
made up of four mononucleotids, q. v. It is a 
nucleic acid. 
polyodontia (pol"e-o-don'she-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
+ odovs tooth]. The presence of supernumerary 
teeth. 
polyonychia (pol"e-o-nik'e-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
ovv^ nail]. The occurrence of supernumerary nails, 
polyopia, polyopsia (pol-e-o'pe-ah, pol-e-op'se- 
ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many _+ mpts vision]. The condi- 
tion in which one object appears as two or more 
objects, p. monophthal'mica, a condition in 
which an object looked at by one eye appears 
double. 
polyopy (pol'e-o-pe). Polyopia. 
polyorchidism (pol-e-or'kid-izm). The presence 
of more than two testicles. 
polyorchis (pol-e-or'kis) [Gr. ttoXvs many + opxts 
testis]. A person with more than two testicles. 
polyorchism (pol-e-or'kizm). Polyorchidism. 
polyorrhomeningitis (pol-e-or"o-men-in-ji'tis). 
Same as polyorrhomenitis. 
polyorrhomenitis (pol-e-or"o-men-i'tis) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many + bppbs serum + vppv membrane]. Ma- 
lignant inflammation of serous membranes; Con- 
cato's disease. 
polyorrhomenosis (pol-e-or-o-men-o'sis). Polyor- 
rhomenitis. 
polyotia (pol-e-o'she-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many + ovs 
ear]. The presence of more than one ear on one or 
both sides of the head. 
polyp (pol'ip). Same as polypus. 
polypapilloma (pol"e-pap-il-o'mah) [Gr. ttoXvs 
many + papilloma]. Yaws. 
polyparasitism (pol-e-par'is-i-tizm). Infestation 
by more than one variety of parasite. 
polyparesis (pol-e-par'es-is) [Gr. ttoXvs much + 
Trap eats feebleness]. General paresis. 
polypathia (pol-e-path'e-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many + 
-iraffos disease]. The presence of several diseases at 
once. 
polypeptid (pol-e-pep'tid). See peplid. 
polyperiosti'tis hyperesthet'ica. A chronic 
disease of the periosteum attended by extreme 
hyperesthesia of the skin and soft parts. 
polyphagia (pol-e-fa'je-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs much + 
pay ecu to eat]. 1. Excessive or voracious eating. 
Cf. bulimia. 2. Omnivorousness; craving for all 
kinds of food. 
POLYPHAGIA 878 
POLYTRICHUM 
polyphalangism (pol-e-fal-an'jizm) [Gr. iroXvs 
many 4- <paXay% phalanx]. Excessive number of 
phalanges in a finger or toe. 
polypharmacy (pol-e-far'mas-e) [Gr. ttoXvs many 
4- tpappaKov drug]. The administration of too 
many drugs together, or of too much medicine. 
polyphenoloxidase (pol-e-fe"nol-oks'id-as). An 
oxidizing enzyme which oxidizes phenols and their 
amino compounds, but not tyrosin. 
polyphobia (pol-e-fo'be-ah) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- 
tpojSos fear]. Morbid dread or fear of many things. 
polyphrasia (pol-e-fra'ze-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs much 4- 
<ppaais speech]. Morbid or insane volubility or 
loquacity; verbigeration. 
polyphyletic (pol"e-fi-let'ik) [Gr. iroXvs much 4- 
<pvXr] tribe]. Having several lines of descent. 
polyphyodont (pol-if-i'o-dont) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
<ppeiv to produce + boovs tooth]. Developing sev- 
eral sets of teeth successively throughout life. 
polyp if orm (pol'ip-if-orm). Resembling a polyp, 
polyplasmia (pol-e-plaz'me-ah) [Gr. iroXvs much 
4- plasma]. Excessive fluidity of, or excess of, 
plasma in the blood. 
polyplast, polyplastic (pol'e-plast, pol-e-plas'tik) 
[Gr. iroXvs many 4- irXaciTbs molded]. 1. Con- 
taining many structural or constituent elements. 
2. Undergoing many changes of form. 
polyplastocytosis (pol-e-plas"to-si-to'sis) _ [Gr. 
ttoXvs many 4- plastocyte]. An increase in the 
number of blood-plates above normal. 
polyplegia (pol-ip-le'je-ah) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- 
irXrjyr) stroke]. Simultaneous paralysis of several 
muscles. 
polypnea, polypnoea (pol-ip-ne'ah) [Gr, ttoXvs 
many 4- irvoia respiration]. A rapid or panting 
respiration. 
polypodia (pol-ip-o'de-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
TTOus foot]. The presence of supernumerary feet. 
polypoid (pol'ip-oid) [polypus 4- Gr. el6os form]. 
Resembling a polypus. 
polyporous (pol-ip'o-rus). Having many pores. 
Polyporus (pol-ip'o-rus) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- iropos 
pore]. A genus of mushrooms, or fungi, of many 
species. P. officina'lis is the white, or purging, 
agaric: useful in night-sweats. See agaric. 
polyposis (pol-ip-o'sis). The development of mul- 
tiple polypi on a part. p. gas'trica, the presence 
of multiple polypi on the gastric mucosa, p. in- 
testina'lis, a condition in which polypi occur in 
the intestine and rectum. 
polypotome (pol-ip'o-tom) [polypus 4- Gr. repvecv 
to cut]. A cutting instrument for removing 
polypi. 
polypotrite (pol-ip'o-trlt) [polypus 4- L. ter'ere to 
crush]. An instrument for crushing polypi. 
polypous (pol'ip-us). Of the nature of a polypus, 
polypus (pol'ip-us), pl. pol'ypi [L.; Gr. iroXvs many 
4- irovs foot]. A smooth and pedunculated growth 
from a mucous surface, as of the nose, bladder, 
rectum, etc. Polypi are either the result of hyper- 
trophy of mucous membrane or else are true 
tumors, bleeding p., an angioma of the nasal 
mucosa, blood-p. Same as placental p. bron- 
chial p., a polypus in the bronchial tubes, p. 
carno'sus, a sarcoma, cellular p., a mucous 
polypus, p. cys'ticus, p. hydatido'sus, an 
elongated mucous or polypoid cyst, fibrinous 
p., an intra-uterine polypus made up of fibrin 
from retained blood. It may grow from portions 
of an ovum or from a thrombus at the placental 
site, fibrous p., a polypus made up mainly of 
fibrous tissue, fleshy p., a submucous myoma 
protruding into the uterine cavity, gelatinous 
p. Same as myxoma. Hoffmann's p., a 
papillary hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa having 
something of the appearance of a papilloma, hy- 
datid p., polypus cysticus. lipomatous p., a 
pedunculate lipoma, malignant p., a carcinoma 
POLYPHALANGISM 
or sarcoma, mucous p. i. A soft polypus due to 
local inflammatory hyperplasia of the mucous mem- 
brane. 2. A true myxoma, nasal p., a polypus 
developing in the nasal canal, osseous p., a 
polypus containing bony tissue, placental p., 
one derived from a piece of retained placenta, 
raspberry cellular p., a polypus of the ear 
made up of berry-like masses with a central pedi- 
cle. round-cell p. Same as mucous p. spongy 
p. Same as mucous p. tooth p., a polypus 
growing from the pulp of a carious tooth, vas- 
cular p., a polypoid angioma. 
polyrrhea, polyrrhoea (pol-ir-e'ah) [Gr. iroXvs 
much + poia flow]. A copious fluid discharge. 
polysaccharids (pol-e-sak'ar-idz). A group of 
carbohydrates which contain more than three mole- 
cules of simple carbohydrates combined with each 
other. They comprise the dextrins, starches, and 
glycogen; also cellulose, gums, inulin, and pectose. 
polysaccharoses (pol-e-sak'ar-o-ses). Polysac- 
charids. 
polysarcia (pol-e-sar'se-ah) [Gr. iroXvs much 4- 
aap^ flesh]. Corpulence or obesity, p. cor'dis, 
cor adiposum. 
polysarcous (pol-e-sar'kus). Corpulent; obese; 
affected with polysarcia. 
polyscelia (pol-e-se'le-ah) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- 
okcXos leg]. The presence of more than two legs. 
polyscelus (pol-is'el-us) [Gr. iroXvs many + okcXos 
leg], A monster with superfluous legs. 
polyscope (pol'e-skop) [Gr. iroXvs many + OKOTreiv 
to view]. Same as diaphanoscope. 
polyserositis (pol"e-se-ro-si'tis). General in- 
flammation of the serous membranes. 
polysinuitis, polysinusitis (pol"e-sin-u-i'tis, 
pol"e-si-nus-i'tis) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- sinusitis]. 
Inflammation of several sinuses at once. 
polysolveol (pol-e-sol've-ol). Sodium or ammo- 
nium sulphoricinate; a clear, yellow liquid which 
dissolves large proportions of menthol, phenol, and 
many other substances. 
polysomia (pol-e-so'me-ah) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- 
aw pa body]. A double or triple condition of the 
body of a monster-fetus. 
polysomus (pol-e-so'mus) [Gr. iroXvs many+a copa- 
body]. A double or triple monstrosity. 
polyspermia, polyspermism (pol-e-sper'me-ah, 
pol-e-sper'mizm) [Gr. iroXvs many + aireppa seed], 
i. Excessive secretion of semen. 2. The access of 
more than one spermatozoon to the ovum. 
polyspermy (pol-e-sper'me). Polyspermia. 
polystat (pol'e-stat) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- stat]. 
An instrument by which the ordinary street cur- 
rent can be transformed so as to furnish galvanic, 
faradic, and sinusoidal currents. 
polystichia (pol-e-stik'e-ah) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- 
ittIxos row]. The presence of two or more rows 
of eyelashes upon a lid. 
polysuspensoid (pol-e-sus-pen'soid). A suspen- 
soid in which the particles are of different degrees 
of dispersion. 
polysyphilide (pol-e-sif'il-id). Characterized by 
many syphilitic lesions. 
polythelia (pol-e-the'le-ah) [Gr. iroXvs many 4~ 
017X77 nipple]. The occurrence of more than one nip- 
ple on a mamma. 
polythelism (pol-e-the'lizm). Polythelia. 
polytocous (pol-it'o-kus) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- tokos 
birth]. Giving birth to several offspring at one 
time. 
polytrichia (pol-e-trik'e-ah) [Gr. ttoXvs many 4- 
Opl^ hair]. Excessive growth or development of 
the hair. 
polytrichosis (pol"e-trik-o'sis). Same as poly- 
trichia. 
Polytrichum (pol-it'rik-um) [Gr. iroXvs many 4- 
Opi^ hair], A genus of mosses. P. juniperi'num. POLYTROPHIA 
879 
PORCOSAN 
haircap, or juniper moss, is diuretic. Dose of 
fluidextract, 2-4 fl.dr. (8-16 c.c.). 
polytrophia (pol-it-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. iroXbs many -f- 
Tpoipy nourishment]. Excessive nutrition. 
polytrophic (pol-e-trof'ik). Producing more than 
one kind of fermentation. 
poly trophy (pol-it'ro-fe). Polytrophia. 
polytropic (pol-e-trop'ik). Affecting more than 
one variety of tissue: sai<f of certain poisons. 
polyuria (pol-e-u're-ah) [Gr. iroXvs much + ovpov 
urine]. Excessive secretion and discharge of urine 
containing increased amounts of solid constitu- 
ents. p. test. See Albarran's test, under tests. 
polyvalent (pol-iv'al-ent). Same as multivalent. 
pomade (po-mad') [Fr. pommade]. Same as po- 
matum. 
pomatum (po-ma'tum) [L. from po'mum apple]. 
An ointment, especially one for the hair. 
pombe (pom'be). A kind of beer made in Africa from 
millet seed. 
pomegranate (pum-gran'et) [L. po'mum grana'- 
tum grained apple]. The myrtaceous tree, Pu'- 
nica grana'turn, and its fruit. The root-bark (grana- 
tum, or cor'tex grana'ta radi'cis) and the bark of the 
tree contain pelletierin, isopelletierin, and punico- 
tannic acid, and are useful teniacides, especially 
for tapeworm. Dose of decoction, 4 fl.oz. (120 
c.c.). The rind of the fruit (grana'ti fruPtus cofitex) 
is actively astringent, and is used in diarrhea, 
leukorrhea, hemorrhage, and relaxation of the 
pharynx. See under granatum. 
pompholyx (pom'fo-liks) [Gr. irop<pb\v% bubble]. 1. 
Any skin disease characterized by bulla:. 2. Same 
as cheiropompholyx. 
pomphus (pom'fus) [L.; Gr. iropupbs]. A wheal or 
blister. 
pomum adami (po'mum ad-a'mi) [L. "Adam's ap- 
ple"]. The prominence on the throat caused by 
the thyroid cartilage. 
Poncet's disease, operation (pahw-saz') [An- 
tonin Poncet, French surgeon, 1849-1913]. See 
disease and operation. 
Pond. Abbreviation for L. pon'dere, by weight. 
ponderable (pon'der-ah-bl) [L. ponderab'ilis; pon'- 
dus weight]. Having weight. 
Ponfick's shadows (pon'fiks) [Emil Ponfick, Ger- 
man pathologist, 1844-1913]. Phantom corpuscles. 
See under corpuscle. 
Pongamia (pon-ga'me-ah) [Malay pongam]. A 
genus of leguminous East Indian trees. P. gla'bra 
affords a fixed oil (kurung oil, punga oil, pongam oil): 
used in skin diseases and in rheumatism. 
Ponndorf's method, vaccine (pon'dorfs). See 
under method and vaccine. 
ponogen (pon'o-jen) [Gr. irbvos pain + yewav to 
produce]. Any waste material derived from the 
brain or nervous system. 
ponograph (po'no-graf) [Gr. irbvos pain + ypa<peiv 
to record]. An instrument for estimating and re- 
cording sensitiveness to pain. 
ponopalmosis (po"no-pal-mo'sis). [Gr. irbvos pain 
+ iraKpos palpitation]. Palpitation on effort; Sir 
Clifford's Allbutt's term for soldier's heart or neuro- 
circulatory asthenia. 
ponophobia (po-no-fo'be-ah) [Gr. irbvos pain, 
fatigue + <pb^os fear]. 1. Abnormal dread of 
pain. 2. Dread of work; morbid laziness. 
ponos (po'nos) [Gr. irbvos pain]. See infantile kala- 
azar, under kala-azar. 
pons (ponz) [L. for "bridge"]. 1. Any slip of tissue 
connecting two parts of an organ. 2. Same as pons 
varolii. p. cerebel'li. Same as p. varolii. p. 
hep'atis, a projection, not always present, par- 
tially bridging the longitudinal fissure of the liver, 
p. tari'ni, the floor of the posterior perforated 
space, p. varo'lii, the organ which connects 
the cerebrum, cerebellum, and oblongata. It is a 
broad, transverse band of white fibers arching across 
the upper part of the medulla oblongata, and on 
each side contracting to a cord, to enter the cere- 
bellum as the crus cerebelli. A groove along its 
middle lodges the basilar artery. Resting against 
it, near its posterior border, is the sixth pair of 
nerves. The upper surface of the pons forms a part 
of the floor of the fourth ventricle. It is made up 
of longitudinal fibers from the internal capsule; of 
longitudinal fibers of the tegmentum; of trans- 
verse fibers connecting the two cerebellar hemi- 
spheres, and masses of gray matter, the -pontine 
nuclei, including the nuclei of the facial, abducens, 
and trigeminal nerves and the superior olivary 
nucleus. 
pons-oblongata (ponz-ob-lon-ga'tah). The pons 
varolii and medulla oblongata considered together. 
pontibrachium (pon-tib-ra'ke-um). Same as 
brachium pontis. 
pontic (pon'tik) [L. pons, pon'tis bridge]. A sub- 
stitute for a natural tooth. 
ponticular (pon-tik'u-lar). Pertaining to the pon- 
ticulus or propons. 
ponticulus (pon-tik'u-lus) [dim. of L. pons bridge]. 
Same as propons. p. auric'ulae, a point on the 
eminentia cochleae where the retrahens aurem is 
attached, p. hep'atis, the isthmus which joins 
the spigelian lobe to the right lobe of the liver, 
p. promonto'rii, the ridge on the median wall 
of the tympanum connecting the promontory 
with the pyramid. 
pontile, pontine (pon'til, pon'tin). Pertaining to 
the pons varolii. 
pontimeter (pon-tim'et-er) [L. pons, pontis bridge 
+ Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the bony bridge in mastoid operations, 
pontoon (pon-toon') [Fr. ponton; L. pon'to boat]. 
A loop or knuckle of the small intestine. 
pool (pool). A collection of blood in any part of the 
body due to retardation of the venous circulation, 
abdominal p., the blood within the abdomen, 
much increased in shock. 
Pool's phenomenon [Eugene Hillhouse Pool, con- 
temporary surgeon in New York]. See Schlessin- 
ger's sign, under sign. 
pooled serum (poold). See under serum. 
poplar (pop'lar). See Populus. 
poples (pop'lez). The posterior surface of the knee, 
poplitseus (pop-Iit-e'us) [L., from pop'les bam]. 
See muscles, table of. 
popliteal (pop-lit-e'al) [L. poplitce'us; pop'les ham]. 
Pertaining to the posterior surface of the knee. 
popliteus (pop-lit-e'us). See muscles, table of. 
poppy (pop'e). The plant Papa'ver somnif'erum, 
whose unripe capsules furnish opium and are used 
like it. The seeds of poppy furnish a fixed oil, 
which is used like linseed oil. Dose of extract 
(extrap turn papav'tris), 2-5 gr. (0.13-0.3 gm.); of 
syrup, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
populi gemmae (pop'u-li jem'e). Balm of Gilead 
buds, the winter leaf; buds of Populus nigra or P. 
balsimea. 
populin (pop'u-lin) [L. pop'ulus poplar]. Benzo- 
salicin, C3oH220s; a principle from poplar bark. 
Populus (pop'u-lus) [L.]. A genus of salicaceous 
trees; the poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods. 
The bark is tonic, containing populin and salicin, 
and the leaf-buds of some species, as P. can'di- 
cans or P. balsamifera, called balm of Gilead, 
afford a variety of tacamahac. These buds are 
stimulant, tonic, and vulnerary. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.). The bark of P. 
tremuloi'des and other species is tonic and febri- 
fugal. Dose of fluidextract, 60-120 min. (4-8 c.c.). 
porcidin (por'sid-in). A serum for use in swine 
plague. 
porcosan (por-ko'san). A patented preparation 
containing the bacteria of erysipelas in pure cul- 
tures. PORCUPINE DISEASE 
880 
PORUS 
porcupine disease (por'ku-pin). Ichthyosis. 
pore (por) [L. po'rus; Gr. wopos]. Any minute 
orifice upon a free surface, as the opening of a 
sweat-gland, birth p. See metraderm. Galen's 
p., the inguinal canal. 
porencephalia, porencephalus (po"ren-sef-a'le- 
ah, po-ren-sef'a-lus) [Gr. iropos pore -|- eyKe<pa\os 
brain]. The presence of cysts or cavities in the 
brain-cortex communicating with the arachnoid 
spaces and penetrating deeply into the brain, 
due to arrest of development or to congenital dis- 
ease that produces atrophy of the brain-matter 
(Heschl, 1859). 
porencephalic (po"ren-sef-al'ik). Porencephalous. 
porencephalitis (po"ren-sef-al-i'tis). Porenceph- 
alia associated with an inflammatory process, 
such as polioencephalitis. 
porencephalous (po-ren-sef'al-us). Affected with 
porencephalia. 
porencephaly (po-ren-sef'al-e). Porencephalia, 
poriomania (po"re-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. iropela walk- 
ing + pavia madness]. Same as ambulatory 
automatism. 
porion (po're-on) [Gr. iropos pore]. The median 
point on the posterior edge of the incisive canal. 
pork. The flesh of swine, measly p., pork which 
contains the cysticercus of Tenia solium, which 
may infect man if eaten inadequately cooked. 
pornography (por-nog'raf-e) [Gr. iropvi) prostitute 
+ ypa<peiv to write]. 1. The literature or bibliog- 
raphy of prostitution. 2. Obscene writing. 
pornolagnia (por-no-lag'ne-ah) [Gr. iropvi) prosti- 
tute + Xayvela lust]. A perverted sexual interest 
in prostitutes. 
porocele (po'ro-sel) [Gr. iropos callus + Ki)Xi) 
hernia]. Scrotal hernia with thickening and 
hardening of the coverings. 
porocephaliasis (po"ro-sef-al-i'as-is). Infection 
with Porocephalus. 
porocephalosis (po"ro-sef-al-o'sis). Porocepha- 
liasis. 
Porocephalus (po-ro-sef'al-us) [Gr. ir&pos pore + 
Ke<pa\4) head] A genus of worm-like arthropods of 
the order Linguatulida, which are parasitic in man 
and animals. P. armilla'tus, the adult is found 
in the lungs and trachea of the python (P. sebae 
and P. regius); the larval forms are found in the 
organs of monkeys, lions, and occasionally in man. 
P. clava'tus is parasitic in man. P. constric'- 
tus, a larval form infesting the mesentery. P. 
denticula'tus, the larva of Linguatula rhinaria. 
porokeratosis (po"ro-ker-at-o'sis) [Gr. ir&pos 
callus + keratosis]. A skin disease characterized 
by hypertrophy of the stratum corneum, followed 
by its centrifugal and progressive atrophy. Called 
also p. excen'trica. 
poroma (po-ro'mah) [Gr. ircopwpa callus]. An in- 
flammatory induration. 
poroplastic (po-ro-plas'tik). Both porous and 
plastic, p. felt, a porous felt which is easily 
molded into splints and jackets for surgical use. 
porosis (po-ro'sis) [Gr. ircopwocs]. 1. Same as 
poroma. 2. The formation of the callus in the 
repair of a fractured bone. 
porosity (po-ros'it-e). 1. The condition of being 
porous. 2. A spore. 
porotic (po-rot'ik). Favoring the growth of con- 
nective tissue. 
porotomy (po-rot'o-me) [Gr. iropos pore + repveiv 
to cut]. Same as meatotomy. 
porous (po'rus). Penetrated by pores and open 
spaces. 
porphyrin (por'fi-rin). 1. An iron-free derivative 
from hematin. Cf. hematoporphyrin and mesopor- 
phyrin. 2. An alkaloid from the bark of Pal'a 
constric'ta. 
porphyrinuria (por"fir-in-u're-ah). The presence 
of porphyrin in the urine. 
porphyrization (por"fir-iz-a'shun). Pulveriza- 
tion; reduction to a powder: so called because 
sometimes performed on a porphyry tablet. 
porphyruria (por-fir-u're-ah) [Gr. iropipvpa purple 
4- ovpov urine]. The presence of purpurin (uro- 
erythrin) in the urine. 
porrigo (por-i'go) [L.J. Ring-worm or other dis- 
eases of the scalp, p. decal'vans. Same as 
alopecia areata, p. ^avo'sa. Same as favus. 
p. fur'furans, tinea tonsurans, p. larva'lis, 
eczema with impetigo of the scalp, p. lupino'sa, 
favus. p. porrigoph'yta, favus. p. scutula - 
ta, favus. 
Porto's operation (por'oz) [Eduardo Porro, 
physician in Milan, 1842-1902]. See operation. 
porta (por'tah) [L. " gate "]. The hilum at which 
the vessels and nerves enter a gland, p. hep'- 
atis [B N A], the transverse fissure of the liver: 
here the portal vein enters that organ, p. laby- 
rin'thi, the fenestra rotunda, p. lie'nis, the 
hilum of the spleen, p. omen'ti, the foramen of 
Winslow, p. pulmo'nis, the hilum of the lung, 
p. re'nis, hilum of the kidney. 
portacid (port-as'id). A dropper for the local 
application of an acid. 
portagion (por-ta'jun). A transmissible disease 
germ. 
portal (por'tal). Pertaining to a porta, especially 
to that of the liver, p. circulation, system, 
vein. See circulation, system, vein. 
portcaustic (port-kaws'tik) [Fr. porte-caustique]. 
A handle for holding a caustic substance. 
porte-acid (port-as'id). Portacid. 
porte-aiguille (port-a-gel') [Fr.]. A surgeon's 
needle-holder. 
porte-caustique (port-ko-stek'). Portcaustic. 
porte-ligature (port-lig'at-ur). Portligature. 
porte-me che (port-mesh') [Fr.]. A probe or 
director with a fork at one end for pushing a tent 
into a wound or fistula. 
porte-noeud (port-ned') [Fr. " knot-carrier "1. An 
instrument for applying a ligature to the pedicle 
of a tumor. 
porter (por'ter). A dark, bitter malt liquor. 
Porter's sign, test (por'terz) [William Henry 
Porter, New York physician, born 1853]. See un- 
der sign and tests. 
portio (pbr'she-o). Latin for part. p. du'ra 
(" hard part ") [obsolete], the seventh, or facial, 
nerve, formerly regarded as forming one _ nerve 
with the auditory or portio mollis, p. in'ter 
du'ram et mol'lem, p. interme'dia, a fas- 
ciculus which frequently connects the facial and 
acoustic nerves, but properly belongs to the facial, 
p. ma'jor [B N A], the large sensory root of the 
trigeminal nerve, p. mi'nor [B N A], the small 
motor root of the trigeminal nerve, p. mol'lis 
("soft part"), the auditory, or eighth, nerve: so 
called because formerly regarded as a part of the 
facial nerve, p. supravagina'lis [cer'vicis] 
[BN A], the part of the uterine neck immediately 
above the vagina, p. vagina'lis [B N A], that 
part of the cervix uteri which protrudes into the 
vagina. 
portiplex, portiplexus (por'tip-leks, pbr-tip-leks'- 
us). The plexus which joins the two lateral 
choroid plexuses, passing through the foramen of 
Monro. 
portligature (pbrt-lig'at-ur). An instrument for 
applying a ligature to a deeply situated part. 
porus (po'rus) [Gr. iropos passage]. Latin for pore 
or meatus, p. acus'ticus exter'nus [B N A], 
the outer end of the external auditory meatus, p. 
acus'ticus inter'nus [B N A], the opening of 
the internal auditory canal into the cranial cavity, 
p. Gale'ni, the inguinal canal, p. opti'cus, the 
opening in the lamina cribrosa of the sclera for the 
central retinal artery. POSADASIA SPHERIFORME 
881 
POSTCAVAL 
Posada'sia spherifor'me. A protozoan organism 
discovered in Argentina by A. Posadas, claimed as 
the cause of generalized infectious psorospermosis 
(1900) and found in appendicitis. 
posed (posd). Placed. A dental term applied to 
the position of a tooth. Malposed means not in 
its normal position, normally p., regularly 
p., in normal position; said of a tooth. 
posiomania (po"se-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. irbats drink- 
ing + ^avia madness]. Dipsomania. 
position (po-zish'un) [L. posi'tio], 1. The attitude 
or posture of a patient. 2. The situation of the 
fetus with respect to the mother at delivery. 
Adams' p., patient stands with heels together, 
well stretched, bends body forward from hips; 
head and arms hanging forward, anatomic 
p., the position of the body standing erect with the 
palms of the hands turned outward. Bonner's 
p., flexion, abduction, and outward rotation of the 
thigh in coxitis. Bozeman's p., the patient is 
strapped to supports in the knee-elbow posi- 
tion. bread-crumbling p., a position of 
the hands as if holding a pencil: seen in cer- 
tain spinal diseases. Casselberry's p., a prone 
position of the patient employed after intubation 
so that the patient may swallow without danger of 
fluid entering the tube, dorsal p., the posture 
of a person lying on his back. Called also supine 
p. dorsal elevated p., position of patient 
lying on the back, with shoulders and head ele- 
vated: employed in digital examination of genitals, 
dorsal recumbent p., position of patient on 
back, with lower limbs flexed and rotated outward: 
used in vaginal examination, application of ob- 
stetric forceps, etc. dorsosacral p. Same as 
lithotomy p. Duncan's p., the position of the 
placenta, with its margin presenting at the os for 
■delivery. Edebohls' p., a dorsal position, the 
right knee and thigh drawn up, legs flexed on the 
thighs, the thighs flexed on the belly, the hips 
raised, and the thighs adducted. Called also 
Simon's p. Elliot's p., position of a patient on 
the operating table with lower chest elevated by 
placing a support under the small of the back: 
used in operations on the gall-bladder. Eng- 
lish p., the patient on the left side, the right 
thigh and knee drawn up. Called also left lateral 
recumbent p. and obstetric p. first p., in vertex 
presentation, the occiput pointing to the left 
foramen ovale. Called also left occipitocotyloid p. 
fourth p., the occiput pointing to the left sacro- 
iliac synchondrosis. Called also left occipito- 
sacro-iliac p. Fowler's p., the position in which 
the head of the patient's bed is raised 18 or 20 
inches above the level, genucubital p., knee- 
elbow p., the patient on his knees and elbows, 
the head on his hands, genupectoral p., 
knee-chest p., the patient resting on his knees 
and chest, the arms crossed above the head, jack- 
knife p., position of patient on back, with the 
shoulders elevated, legs flexed on thighs, and thighs 
at right angles to the abdomen: used in passing 
the urethral sound. Jones' p., acute flexion of 
the forearm for the treatment of fracture of the 
internal condyle of the humerus, knee-chest p. 
See genupectoral p. knee-elbow p. See genu- 
cubital p. lateral recumbent p. See English 
p. leap-frog p., a position that may be as- 
sumed by the patient in rectal examinations by 
the finger, lithotomy p., the patient on the 
back, legs flexed on the thighs, thighs flexed on 
the belly, and abducted. Called also dorso- 
sacral p. mento-anterior p., position of 
the fetus in labor with its chin pointing ante- 
riorly in relation to the mother's body, mento- 
iliac p., position of the fetus in labor with 
its chin pointing to one or other of the iliac fossae 
of the mother, mentoposterior p., position 
of the fetus in labor with its chin pointing poste- 
riorly. Mercurio'S p., a position very much 
like Walcher's position, obstetric p. See Eng- 
lish p. occipito-iliac p., the position of the 
fetus in labor in which its occiput is toward the 
groin of the mother, occipitoposterior p., 
the position of the fetus in labor with its occiput 
pointing to the sacrum of the mother. Pean's 
p., a position for operating in which the operator 
sits between the patient's legs, which rest in 
hollow supports or hang down over the oper- 
ator's thighs. The operator sits in a high chair 
and the patient lies on a low table, so that he 
can bend over the abdomen and look into the 
peritoneal cavity. Robson's p., position of pa- 
tient for operation on gall-bladder or bile-ducts: 
lying on the back with a sand-bag under the hol- 
low of the back. Rose's p., the head depend- 
ent, as in certain operations on the air-passages. 
Samuel's p., the position with the patient lying 
on her back with thighs flexed and knees flexed, the 
legs being grasped by the patient's hands. This 
position is said to widen the pelvic outlet and to 
render labor-pains less intense: it is recommended 
for difficult labor after the head has reached the 
floor of the pelvis. Schultze's p., the position 
of the placenta when its center presents for de- 
livery. Scultetus' p., patient lying on an 
inclined plane with head downward. sec- 
ond p., the occiput pointing to the right fora- 
men ovale. Called also right occipitocotyloid 
p. shoe-and-stocking p., a position in 
which the limb of one side is crossed upon the 
other. Simon's p. Same as Edebohls' p. 
Sims' p., patient on the left side and the chest, 
the right knee, and thigh drawn up, the left arm 
along the back. Called also semiprone p. Stern's 
p., position of the patient supine with the head 
lowered over the end of the table. In it the 
murmur of tricuspid insufficiency is heard more 
distinctly, third p., in vertex presentation, 
that in which the occiput presents at the right sa- 
cro-iliac synchondrosis. Called also right sacro- 
iliac p. Trendelenburg's p., the patient on 
the back on a plane inclined 45° the legs and 
feet hanging over the end of the table. Valen- 
tine's p., position with the patient supine and 
the hips flexed by means of a double inclined 
plane: used in irrigating the urethra. Walcher's 
p., the patient on the back, with the hips at the 
edge of the table and the legs hanging down. 
positive (poz'it-iv) [L. positi'vus]. Not negative; 
greater than zero; to be added. 
posologic (po-so-loj'ik). Pertaining to doses. 
posology (po-sol'o-je) [Gr. irbaos how much + 
Xbyos treatise]. The science or a system of doses 
or of dosage. 
post- (post-) [L. post after], A prefix signifying after 
or behind. 
postabortal (post-ab-or'tal). Occurring after 
abortion. 
postaccessual (post-ak-sesh'u-al). Occurring after 
a paroxysm. 
postacetabular (post"as-et-ab'u-lar). Behind the 
acetabulum. 
postanal (post-a'nal). Situated or occurring be- 
hind the anus. 
postanesthetic (post-an-es-thet'ik). After anes- 
thesia. 
postapoplectic (post^ap-o-plekTik). Occurring 
after an attack of apoplexy. 
postaxial (post-aks'e-al). Situated or occurring 
behind an axis. 
postbrachial (post-bra'ke-al). On the posterior 
part of the upper arm. 
postbrachium (post-bra'ke-um). The posterior 
brachium of the corpus quadrigeminum. 
postbuccal (post-buk'al). Behind the buccal 
region. 
postbulbar (post-bul'bar). Behind the medulla 
oblongata. 
postcava (post-ka'vah). The ascending vena cava, 
postcaval (post-ka'val). Pertaining to the post- 
cava. POSITION 
882 
POSITION 
Sims' position, anterior view. 
Sims' position, posterior view. 
Dorsosacral position, with leg-holder applied. 
Knee-chest, or genupectoral, position. 
Fowler's position (Macfarlane). 
Trendelenburg position (Ashton). 
Walcher position (Hirst). 
Edebohls' dorsal position. POSTCECAL 
883 
POSTMEDIASTINUM 
postcecal (post-se'kal). Behind the cecum. 
postcentral (pbst-sen'tral). Situated or occur- 
ring behind a center. 
postcentralis (post-sen-tra'lis). The postcentral 
fissure. See fissure. 
postcerebellar (post-ser-e-bel'ar). In the posterior 
part of the cerebellum. 
postcerebral (post-ser'e-bral). Behind the cere- 
brum. 
postcesarean (pbst-se-za're-an). Following cesa- 
rean operation. 
postcibal (post-si'bal) [L. post after + ci'bum 
food]. Occurring after the taking of food. 
postcisterna (post-sis-ter'nah). The cisterna 
magna. 
postclavicular (pdst-klav-ik'u-lar) [L. post after + 
clavicle]. Situated or occurring behind the clavicle. 
postcommissure (post-kom'is-ur). The posterior 
commissure of the brain. 
postcondylar (post-kon'dil-ar). Behind or back 
of a condyle. 
postconnubial (pdst-kon-u'be-al) [L. post after 
+ connu'bium marriage]. Occurring or happen- 
ing after marriage. 
postconvulsive (post-kon-vul'siv). Following 
after a convulsion. 
postcordial (pbst-kor'de-al). Back of the heart. 
postcornu (post-kor'nu). The posterior horn of 
the lateral ventricle. 
postcribrum (post-kri'brum). The posterior per- 
forated space. 
postcubital (post-ku'bit-al). On the dorsal side 
of the forearm. 
postdevelopmental (post-de-vel-up-men'tal). Oc- 
curring after the period of development. 
postdiastolic (pbst"di-as-tol'ik). Occurring after 
or following the diastole. 
postdicrotic (post-di-krot'ik). Occurring after 
the dicrotic elevation of the sphygmogram. 
postdigestive (pbst-di-jes'tiv). After digestion. 
postdiphtheric, postdiphtheritic (pbst-dif- 
ther'ik, post"dif-ther-it'ik). Occurring after a 
diphtheric attack. 
postdural (post-du'ral). Behind the dura mater, 
postembryonic (pbst"em-bre-on'ik) [L. post after 
+ Gr. ep^pvov embryo]. Occurring after the 
embryonic stage. 
postepileptic (post"ep-il-ep'tik). Occurring after 
or following an epileptic attack. 
posterio-occlusion (pos-te"re-o-ok-lu'zhun). 
Same as distoclusion. 
posterior (pos-te're-or) [L. neut. postedrius\. Sit- 
uated behind or toward the rear. 
posteroclusion (pos"ter-ok-lu'zhun). Same as 
distoclusion. 
postero-external (pos"te-ro-eks-ter'nal) [L. pos'- 
terus behind + exter'nus outer]. Situated on the 
outer side of a posterior aspect. 
postero-inferior (pos"ter-o-in-fe're-or). Posterior 
and inferior. 
postero-intemal (pos"te-ro-in-ter'nal) [L. pos'- 
terus behind + inter'nus inner]. Situated within 
and to the rear. 
posterolateral (pos"te-ro-lat'er-al) [L. pos'terus 
behind + later a'Us lateral]. Situated behind and 
to one side. 
posteromedian (pos"te-ro-me'de-an) [L. pos'terus 
behind + me'dius middle]. Situated on the mid- 
dle of a posterior aspect. 
posteroparietal (pos"te-ro-par-i'et-al) [L. pos'terus 
behind + pa'ries wall]. Situated at the back 
part of the parietal bone. 
posterosuperior (pos"te-ro-su-pe're-or) [L. pos'- 
terus behind + superior upper]. Situated be- 
hind and above. 
posterotemporal (pos"te-ro-tem'po-ral) [L. pos'- 
terus behind + tem' pus temple]. Situated at the 
back part of the temporal bone. 
posterula (pos-ter'u-lah) [LJ. The space between 
the turbinal bones and the posterior nares. 
postesophageal (pbst"e-sof-a'je-al). Situated be- 
hind the esophagus. 
postethmoid (pbst-eth'moid). Behind the ethmoid 
bone. 
postfebrile (post-feb'ril) [L. post after + febri'lis 
febrile]. Occurring as the result of a fever. 
postfovea (post-fo've-ah). The fovea posterior. 
postganglionic (post"gang-le-on'ik). Posterior to 
a ganglion. 
postgeminum (post-jem'in-um) [L. post after + 
gem'inus twin]. The posterior corpora quadri- 
gemina. 
postgeniculatum, postgeniculum (post"je- 
nik-u-la'tum, post-je-nik'u-lum). The internal 
geniculate body. 
postglenoid (post-gle'noid). Situated behind the 
glenoid fossa. 
postgracile (post-gras'il). Behind the slender lobe 
of the cerebellum. 
postgrippal (post-grip'al). Occurring after grip or 
influenza. 
posthemiplegic (post"hem-e-ple'jik). Following 
an attack of hemiplegia. 
posthemorrhage (pbst-hem'or-aj). Secondary 
hemorrhage. 
posthemorrhagic (pbst-hem-o-raj'ik). Occurring 
after hemorrhage. 
posthepatic (post-he-pat'ik). Behind the liver. 
posthetomy (pos-thet'o-me) [Gr. TroaOr) prepuce + 
repveLv to cut]. Circumcision. 
posthioplasty (pos'the-o-plas-te) [Gr. irbaOr) fore- 
skin + irKaarbs formed]. Plastic surgery of the 
prepuce. 
posthippocampal (pdst-hip-o-kam'pal). Behind 
the hippocampus. 
posthitis (pos-thi'tis) [Gr. irbad-q foreskin + -irts 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the prepuce. 
postholith (pos'tho-lith) [Gr. irbadr) foreskin + 
XiOos stone]. A preputial concretion or calculus. 
posthumous (pos'tu-mus) [L. pos'tumus coming 
after]. Occurring after death; born after the 
father's death. 
posthyoid (post-hi'oid). Situated or occurring be- 
hind the hyoid bone. 
posthypnotic (pbst-hip-not'ik). Succeeding the 
hypnotic state. 
posthypophysis (pbst-hi-pof'is-is). The posterior 
part of the hypophysis or pituitary body. 
posticus (pos-ti'kus) [L.]. Posterior. 
postinfluenzal (post-in-flu-en'zal). Occurring 
after influenza. 
postinsula (pbst-in'su-lah). The posterior part of 
the insula. 
postischial (post-is'ke-al). Situated behind the 
ischium. 
postmalarial (post-mal-a're-al). Occurring after 
malaria. 
postmastoid (post-mas'toid). Situated behind the 
mastoid. 
postmaximal (pbst-maks'im-al). After a max- 
imum. 
postmeatal (pbst-me-a'tal). Behind a meatus. 
postmedian (post-me'de-an) [L. post after + md- 
dius middle]. Situated or occurring behind a 
median line or plane. 
postmediastinal (pbst"me-de-as'tin-al). Behind 
the mediastinum: pertaining to the posterior me- 
diastinum. 
postmediastinum (post"me-de-as-ti'num). The 
posterior mediastinum. postmeiotic (post-mi-ot'ik) [L. post after + /aeieiv 
to decrease]. A term applied to the stage following 
the reduction of the chromosomes in the mitotic 
cycle. 
postmesenteric (post-mes-en-ter'ik). Behind or 
in the posterior part of the mesentery. 
postmortal (post-mor'tai). After death. 
postmortem (post-mor'tern). Latin for after 
death. 
postnarial (post-na're-al). Pertaining to the pos- 
terior nares. 
postnaris (post-na'ris). The posterior naris. 
postnasal (post-na'zal) [L. post behind + na'sus 
nose]. Situated or occurring behind the nose. 
postnatal (post-na'tal). Occurring after birth. 
postnecrotic (post-nek-rot'ik). After death of a 
part. 
postneuritic (post-nu-rit'ik). Occurring after neu- 
ritis. 
postnodular (post-nod'u-lar). Behind the nodulus, 
postoblongata (post"ob-lon-ga'tah). The part 
of the oblongata below the pons. 
postocular (post-ok'u-lar) [L. post behind + oc'u- 
lus eye]. Situated or occurring behind the eye. 
postolivary (post-ol'iv-a-re). Behind the olivary 
body. 
postoperative (post-op'er-a-tiv). Occurring after 
a surgical operation. 
postoperculum (post-o-per'ku-lum). That por- 
tion of the operculum formed by the supertem- 
poral convolution. 
postopticus (post-op'tik-us) [L. post after + op'- 
ticus optic]. Either one of the posterior optic 
lobes (corpora quadrigemina). 
postoral (post-o'ral) [L. post behind + os mouth]. 
Behind the mouth. 
postorbital (post-or'bit-al). Behind the orbit. 
postpalatine (post-pal'at-in). Behind the palate 
or palate-bone. 
postpallium (post-pal'e-um). The portion of the 
cortex of the cerebrum posterior to the fissure of 
Rolando. 
postpaludal (post-pal'u-dal). Postmalarial. 
postparalytic (post"par-al-it'ik). Following an 
attack of paralysis. 
postpartum (post-par'turn) [L.]. Occurring after 
delivery or childbirth. 
postpeduncle (post-pe'dung-kl). The posterior 
peduncle of the cerebellum. 
p'ostperforatum (post"per-fo-ra'tum). The pos- 
terior perforated space. 
postpharyngeal (post-far-in'je-al). Situated or 
occurring behind the pharynx. 
postpneumonic (post-nu-mon'ik). Following pneu- 
monia. 
postponent (post-po'nent) [L. post after + po'nere 
to place]. Having a more or less delayed recurrence. 
postpontile (post-pon'til) [L. post after + pons 
bridge]. Situated or occurring behind the pons 
varolii. 
postprandial (post-pran'de-al). Occurring after 
dinner, or after a meal. 
postpubertal (post-pu'ber-tal). After puberty. 
postpubescent (post-pu-bes'ent). After puberty, 
postpycnotic (post-pik-not'ik). Occurring after the 
stage of pyknosis of a red blood-cell. 
postpyramidai (post-pir-am'id-al). Situated or 
occurring behind the pyramidal tract. 
postpyramids (post-pir'am-idz). The posterior 
pyramids of the cerebellum; also the funiculus 
gracilis of the oblongata. 
postramus (post-ra'mus) [L. post behind + ra'mus 
branch]. The horizontal branch of the stem of 
the arbor vita; of the cerebellum. 
POSTMEIOTIC 
884 
postrolandic (post-ro-lan'dik). Situated behind 
the fissure of Rolando. 
postsacral (pdst-sa'kral). Behind or below the 
sacrum. 
postscalenus (post-ska-le'nus). The posterior 
scalenus muscle. 
postscapular (post-skap'u-lar). Behind the scap- 
ula. 
postscapular is (post"skap-u-la'ris). The infra- 
spinatus muscle. 
postscarlatinal (post-skar-lat-i'nal). Following 
scarlatina. 
Post sing. sed. liq. Abbreviation for L. post 
sin'gulas se'des liq'uidas, after every loose stool. 
postsphenoid (post-sfe'noid). The basisphenoid, 
pterygoid, and alisphenoid bones together. In 
infancy they are separate bones, but usually be- 
come attached to the sphenoid. 
postsplenic (post-splen'ik). Behind the spleen. 
poststertorous (post-sterTor-us). Occurring after 
stertor has begun in anesthesia. 
postsylvian (post-sil've-an). Situated behind the 
sylvian fissure. 
postsyphilitic (post-sif-il-it'ik). Following an 
attack of syphilis. 
posttarsal (post-tar'sal). Situated behind the 
tarsus. 
posttibial (post-tib'e-al). Behind the tibia. 
posttraumatic (post-traw-mat'ik). Occurring after 
. or in consequence of a wound. 
posttussis (post-tus'is). Latin for "after cough- 
ing." 
posttyphoid (post-ti'foid). Occurring after ty- 
phoid. 
postulate (post'u-lat) [L. postula'tum demanded]. 
Anything assumed or taken for granted. Ehr- 
lich's p. See Ehrlich's side-chain theory, under 
theory. Koch's p's. See Koch's law, under 
law. 
postural (pos'tu-ral). Pertaining to posture or 
position. 
posture (pos'tur) [L. postu'ra}. Attitude or posi- 
tion. See under position. 
postuterine (post-u'ter-in). Situated or occurring 
behind the uterus. 
postvaccinal (post-vak'sin-al). After vaccination, 
postvermis (post-ver'mis). The vermis inferior of 
the cerebellum. 
postvital (post-vi'tal). After vital; a term applied 
to staining of a tissue that occurs after death of the 
tissue which has been previously stained by vital 
methods. 
Pot. Abbreviation for potion and potassa. 
potable (po'tah-bl) [L. polab'ilis]. Fit to drink; 
drinkable. 
Potain's apparatus, disease, sign, solution, 
syndrome (po-tanz') [Pierre Carl Edouard Potain, 
French physician, 1825-igoi]. See the nouns. 
potamophobia (pot"am-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Trora/xos 
river + <pb^os fear]. A morbid dread of rivers or 
of streams and lakes. 
potash (pot'ash). 1. Potassium hydrate or hy- 
droxid, KOH; known also as caustic p., or po- 
tassa. It is a white, crystalline compound, with 
powerful alkaline and caustic properties. It is used 
externally as a caustic for chancres, callus, or 
fungous growths, poisoned wounds, etc., and in- 
ternally as an antacid in acidity of the stomach, 
gonorrhea, lithemia, scrofula, etc. Dose of li'quor 
potas'sce, 10-20 min. (0.66-1.33 C.c.). 2. Potas- 
sium carbonate, K2CO3. 
potassa (po-tas'ah) [L.]. See potash (1). p. 
cum cal'ce, potash with lime, or Vienna 
paste, a mixture of potassa and lime in equal 
parts: used as a caustic, p. sulphura'ta, sul- 
phurated potassa. Called also hepar sulphuris, 
or liver of sulphur: antacid, alterative, and used 
in throat diseases. Dose, |-io gr. (0.033-0.66 gm.). 
POTASSA potassic (po-tas'ik). Containing potash. 
potassiocupric (po-tas"e-o-ku'prik). Containing 
potassium and copper. 
potassiomercuric (po-tas"e-o-mer-ku'rik). Con- 
taining potassium and mercury, p. iodid, Hgl2.- 
2KI, in yellow crystals: used in making a test solu- 
tion. - 
potassium (po-tas'e-um) [L.]. A metallic,. ele- 
ment of the alkali group, many of whose salts 
are used in medicine. It is a soft, silver-white 
metal, melting at 58°; atomic weight, 39.1; 
specific gravity, 0.865; symbol, K (kalium), 
p. acetate, a compound, KC3H3O2. It is diu- 
retic and purgative, and is used in dropsy, rheuma- 
tism, and skin diseases. Dose, 5-60 gr. (0.33-4 gm.), 
p. amylate. See maculanin. p. arsenate, 
K2HAsO4, a stable salt of ortho-arsenic acid: used 
therapeutically, p. arsenite, a compound whose 
solution {Fowler's solution, li'quor potas'sii ar- 
seni'tis) is one of the most convenient forms for 
the administration of arsenic. Dose, 2-10 min. 
(°-i33-°-666 c.c.). p. aurobromid, an antisep- 
tic agent, AuBr3KBr + H2O, in purplish crystals. 
Hypodermic dose, gr. (0.008-0.012 gm.), 
p. aurocyanid, an agent in colorless crystals, 
KAu(CN)2. p. bicarbonate, a transparent, crys- 
talline salt, KHCO3; used as an antacid and diu- 
retic. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.), p. bichro- 
mate, p. dichromate, an orange-red, crystal- 
line salt, K2Cr2O7. It is a caustic poison, and is 
used as a preservative for tissues, p. bisulphate, 
KHSO4; laxative and refrigerant. Dose, 1-2 dr. 
(4-8gm.), p. bitartrate, cream of tartar, KHC4- 
H4O0, a white, crystalline salt; diuretic, cathartic, 
and refrigerant. Dose, 1-8 dr. (4-32 gm.), p. 
bromid, a colorless, crystalline body, KBr: seda- 
tive and antispasmodic; much employed in epi- 
lepsy and in nervous diseases. Dose, 5-60 gr. 
(o-333-4 gm.), p. bromsalicylate, white crys- 
tals of potassium bromortho-oxybenzoate, OHCg- 
H3Br.CO.OK: used as an antirheumatic in 5-10 
gr. doses (0.32-0.65 gm.), p. cantharidate, a 
white, crystalline salt, C10H14K2O6 + 2H2O: used in 
hypodermic injections for tuberculosis, p. car- 
bonate {potas'sii carbo'nas), a white, crystalline or 
granular salt, K2CO3. It is used as an antacid, 
counterirritant, and diuretic. Dose, 2-20 gr. 
(0.133-1.333 gm.), p. chlorate {potas'sii Mo'- 
ras), an explosive, white, crystalline salt, KC103: 
used in diseases of the mouth and throat, as phar- 
yngitis, diphtheria, stomatitis; also for hemor- 
rhoids and proctitis. In large doses it causes 
destruction of red blood-corpuscles and nephritis. 
Dose, 2-20 gr. (0.133-1.333 gm.). The lozenges 
{trochis'ci potas'sii chlora'tis) contain 5 gr. each, 
p. citrate, a white, granular powder, K3C6H5O7 + 
H2O: used as a diuretic and refrigerant in rheuma- 
tism, fevers, bronchitis, etc. Dose, 15-60 gr. 
(1-4 gm.); of solution {li'quor potas'sii cilra'tis), 
2-4 fl.dr. (8-16 c.c.); of mixture {mis'tura potas'sii 
citra'tis'), |-i fl.oz. (16-32 c.c.); of potas'sii ci'tras 
ejferves'cens, the effervescent potassium citrate, 
30-90 gr. (2-6 gm.), p. cobaltonitrite, a salt, 
K8Co2(NO2)i2 + 2H O, in small yellow crystals: 
used in cardiac albuminuria, asthma, heart disease, 
and dyspepsia. Dose, gr. (0.005 gm.), p. 
cyanid, a white solid or powder, KCN, extremely 
poisonous: used like cyanic acid. Dose, iV-s gr. 
(0.004-0.008 gm.), p. dithiocarbonate, a 
reddish salt, K3COS2, serviceable in skin diseases, 
p. ferricyanid, beautiful deep red crystals, K3- 
Fe(CN)e a delicate test for ferrous salts, p. fer- 
rocyanid, a substance, K4Fe(CN)e + 3H2O, in 
large yellow tablets or crystals. It is sedative, 
diaphoretic, and astringent: used in the night- 
sweats of phthisis. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 
gm.), p. glycerophosphate, a white, vitreous 
substance, CH2OH.CHOH.CH2O.PO(OK)2: used 
in nervous diseases, phosphaturia, and locomotor 
ataxia. Dose, 3-4I gr. (o.2-0.3 gm.), p. hy- 
drate, p. hydroxid. See potassa. p. hypo- 
phosphite, a white, crystalline salt, KH2PO2: 
POTASSIC 
885 
used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Dose, 
5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.), p. iodate, a salt, 
KIO3, employed as an alterative, especially in 
diseases of the mucous surfaces: used like potas- 
sium chlorate. Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.52 gm.), 
p. iodid, a colorless, transparent body, KI: much 
used in syphilis and in a wide range of chronic 
diseases as an absorbent and eliminating agent. 
Besides syphilis, potassium iodid is used in chronic 
poisoning by arsenic or mercury, rheumatism, 
dropsy, meningitis, locomotor ataxia, brain 
tumors, neuralgia, asthma, bronchitis, and aneur- 
ysm. Dose, 2-15 gr. (0.133-1 gm.). Externally 
it is used in the form of an ointment, p. nitrate, 
a white, crystalline salt, KNO3: used as a dia- 
phoretic, diuretic, and antiseptic. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.333-1 gm.), p. nitrite, a compound, KNO2: 
used in angina pectoris, gastralgia, epilepsy, etc. 
Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.33 gm.), p. osmate, a red, 
crystalline powder: employed in the treatment of 
epilepsy, goiter, and neuralgia. Dose, gr. 
(0.001 gm.), p. permanganate, a dark- 
purple, crystalline salt, KMnO4. It is an oxidizing 
agent, antiseptic and disinfectant, and is used 
for ozena, foul ulcers, diphtheria, scarlet fever, and 
internally in amenorrhea and dyspepsia. Dose, 
2-2 gr. (0.333-0.133 gm.), p. phosphate, a 
salt, K2HPO4: used in tuberculosis. Dose, 10-30 
gr. (0.66-2 gm.), p. salicylite, potassium sal- 
icyl-aldehyd, OH.CeH4.COH, a yellow powder: 
used as an antirheumatic in 3-15 gr. doses (0.2-1 
gm.). p. silicate, soluble glass, K2S2O3: used 
like plaster of Paris in making rigid dressings, 
p. silicofluorid, an agent recommended for use 
in ear diseases as an antiseptic, p. sozoiodolate, 
a colorless crystalline powder, potassium diodo- 
paraphenol sulphonate, OH.CeH2I2.SO2.OK: used 
as an external antiseptic in rhinitis, otitis, gonor- 
rhea, and skin diseases, p. succinate, a com- 
pound with hemostatic properties. p. sulphate, 
a compound, K2SO4; a harsh cathartic: used chiefly 
in pharmacy. Dose, 15-120 gr. (1-8 gm.), p. 
sulphid, KS; little used at present. Dose, 1-10 
gr. (0.066-0.666 gm.), p. sulphite, a white, 
crystalline salt, K2SO3 + 2H2O. It is an anti- 
septic, and is used externally and internally for 
checking fermentation. Dose, 3-10 gr. (0.2- 
0.666 gm.), p. sulphocarbolate, a salt in shin- 
ing white crystals, CsHg.O.SCh.OK + H2O: anti- 
septic. p. sulphocyanate, KCNS, is found in 
the saliva, p. tartrate, a compound, K2C4H4O6 
+ H2O, or neutral potassium tartrate: it is diuretic, 
diaphoretic, and cathartic. There are also a 
bitartrate, a borated tartrate, and a potassium and 
sodium tartrate, all having properties like the 
neutral tartrate. Dose, as diuretic and diapho- 
retic, 1-2 dr. (4-8 gm.): as cathartic, j-r oz. 
(15-30 gm.), p. tellurate, a salt in white crys- 
tals, K2TeO: serviceable in the night-sweats of 
tuberculosis, p. thiocyanate. Same as p. 
suphocyanate. 
potato-culture (po-ta"to-kul'chur). A bacterial 
culture made on potato. See potato culturemedium, 
under culturemedium. 
potency (po'ten-se) [L. poten'tia power]. The 
power of a medicine; especially the power of a 
medicine as developed by homeopathic attenu- 
ation; also a homeopathically attenuated medicine, 
potentia coeundi (po-ten'she-ah ko-e-un'di) [L. 
"power of coming together"]. The ability to per- 
form the sexual act. p. generan'di, the abil- 
ity to procreate. 
potential (po-ten'shal) [L. poten'tia power]. 1. 
Existing and ready for action, but not yet active. 
2. Electric tension or pressure, as measured by 
the capacity of producing electric effects in bodies 
of a different state of electrization. When bodies 
of different potentials are brought into com- 
munication, a current is set up between them; if 
they are of the same potential, no current passes 
between them. 
potentialization, potentiation (po-ten-she-al- 
POTENTIALIZATION POTENTIOMETER 
886 
p. p. 
iz-a'shun, po-ten-she-a'shun). The preparation 
of the various homeopathic potencies. 
potentiometer (po-ten-she-om'et-er). An instru- 
ment for the accurate measuring of voltage. 
potentize (po'ten-tiz). To make potent; to pre- 
pare the various homeopathic potencies. 
potentor (po-ten'tor). A device for the mechanic 
treatment of male impotence, especially that which 
is due to lack of penile erectility. 
potio (po'she-o) [L.]. See potion. 
potion (po'shun) [L. po'tio draft]. A draft; a 
large dose of liquid medicine. Riviere's p., an 
effervescing drink produced by combining a solu- 
tion of citric acid with one of sodium or potassium 
bicarbonate. Todd's p., tincture of canella, 5; 
brandy, 40; syrup, 30, and water, 75. 
potocytosis (po"to-si-to'sis) [Gr. -kotos drinking + 
kotos cell]. The hypothetic action of cells pass- 
ing fluids through themselves from one place to 
another. 
potomania (po-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. kotos drinking + 
pavla madness]. Delirium tremens. 
Pott's aneurysm, disease, etc. (pots) [Percival 
Pott, English surgeon, 1713-1788]. See aneurysm, 
disease, etc. 
Pottenger's sign (pot'en-jerz) [F. M. Pottenger, 
contemporary American physician]. See under 
sign. 
potus (po'tus) [L. "drink"]. A potion, p. im- 
peria'lis, imperial drink, a solution of I oz. of 
cream of tartar in 3 pts. of water, sweetened, and 
flavored with lemon peel. 
pouch (powch). Any pocket-like space, cavity, 
or cecal sac. abdominovesical p., the pouch- 
like reflection of the peritoneum from the ante- 
rior abdominal wall to the distended bladder. 
Broca's p., a pear-shaped sac in the labium 
majus, having its large extremity directed down- 
ward and backward, and its smaller one upward, 
forward, and outward toward the opening of the 
inguinal canal. It is composed of elastic fibers, and 
contains connective tissue and fat. Called also 
pudendal sac and sac dartoique de la femme. Doug- 
las ' p., a sac of the peritoneum which dips down 
below the posterior surface of the uterus. Called 
also Douglas' culdesac. enterocelic p., a di- 
verticulum of the enteron of the embryo, hair- 
p., the depression in the skin from which the hair 
grows. Hartmann's p., a pouch at the 
exit of the gall-bladder into the cystic duct, 
ileocecal p., the folds of peritoneum at the 
end of the ileum, laryngeal p. Same as saccu- 
lus laryngis. obturator p. See paravesical p. 
paracystic p., the lateral part of the uterovesical 
pouch. pararectal p., the lateral part of 
Douglas' pouch, paravesical p., the lateral 
part of the utero-abdominal pouch of the side of the 
bladder, where the entrance is to the obturator 
canal: called also obturator p. Physick's p's, 
inflammation of the sacculations between the rectal 
valves with mucous discharge. Rathke's p., 
a diverticulum from the embryonic buccal cavity 
whence the anterior lobe of the pituitary body is 
developed, recto-uterine p. Same as Doug- 
las' p. rectovaginal p. Same as Doug- 
las' p. rectovesical p., the fold of perito- 
neum that is reflected on the bladder. Seessel's 
p., an embryonic pouch behind the top of the 
rudimentary hypophysis, utero-abdominal p., 
the anterior of the two compartments into which 
the pelvic cavity is divided by the uterus and broad 
ligaments, uterovesical p., vesico-uterine 
p., the fold of peritoneum between the bladder 
and the uterus. Willis' p., the lesser omentum. 
Poulet's disease (poo-laz') [Alfred Poulet, French 
physician, 1848-1888]. Rheumatic osteoperios- 
titis. 
poultice (pol'tis) [L. puls pap; cataplas'ma]. Any 
soft and moist pultaceous mass applied hot to 
the surface of a part for the purpose of supplying 
heat and moisture. 
poultogen (pol'to-jen). A proprietary poultice 
resembling antiphlogistin. 
pounce (powns). Powdered sandarach. 
pound (pownd) [L. pon'dus weight; li'bra pound]. 
A weight of twelve ounces troy or apothecaries' 
weight; also sixteen ounces avoirdupois weight. 
See weights and measures. 
Poupart's ligament (poo-parts') [Francois Pou- 
part, French anatomist, 1661-1709]. See ligament. 
powder (pow'der). An aggregation of small par- 
ticles obtained by the grinding or trituration of 
a solid drug. See pulvis. aromatic p., com- 
pound powder of cinnamon. See cinnamon. 
bleaching p., chlorinated lime, borosalicylic 
p., a dusting-powder consisting of 4 parts of 
boric acid and 1 part of salicylic acid: used as 
a wound-dressing. Castillon's p's, 8 parts 
each of tragacanth, powdered sago, and powdered 
salep, 2 parts prepared oyster shell, and 1 part 
cochineal. One dram is boiled in a pint of milk and 
used in diarrhea and dysentery, composition 
p., compound powder of bayberry; a carminative 
powder containing bark of bayberry root 60, ginger 
30, and capsicum and clove, each 30 parts. Dose, 
10-20 gr. (0.6-1.2 gm.). Dover's p., pulvis ipecac- 
uanhae et opii. See opium. Faynard's p., a 
hemostatic powder, said to be pulverized beech- 
charcoal. gray p., hydrargyrum cum creta. 
Gregory's p., pulvis rhei compositus. Hufe- 
land's p., magnesium carbonate 50, rhubarb 15, 
sugar with oil of fennel seed 35. impalpable p., 
a powder so fine that its particles cannot be felt as 
distinct bodies, insect-p., any powder destruc- 
tive to insects. James' p. Same as pulvis 
antimonialis. See antimony. Jesuit's p., pow- 
dered cinchona. N. C. I. p., a powder com- 
pounded of 96 per cent, naphthalene, 2 per cent, 
creosote, and 2 per cent, iodoform: for use in 
delousing troops and as a general insecticide. 
Patterson's p., a mixture of magnesia and 
bismuth subnitrate. Persian insect p., py- 
rethrum. seidlitz p., pulvis effervescens com- 
positus, a cathartic preparation consisting of 
a white paper containing 35 gr. of tartaric acid 
and a blue paper containing 40 gr. of sodium 
bicarbonate and 120 gr. of sodium and potas- 
sium tartrate. The contents of the two papers 
are mixed in water and drunk while effervescing, 
serum-p., a powder of zinc oxid charged with 
a freshly prepared serum and then dried and 
sterilized: used as an antiseptic dressing-powder. 
Styptic p., a powder containing alum, acacia, 
gum, colophony, and sometimes tragacanth and 
argil, sympathetic p., a powder formerly ap- 
plied to a weapon, from the belief that its applica- 
tion would heal a wound caused by that weapon, 
talcum-p., powdered soapstone: used as an ap- 
plication to inflamed surfaces. Tully's p.( 
pulvis morphinae compositus. See morphin. tutty 
p., powdered stannic acid: used for polishing teeth. 
Tyson's antimonial p., a mixture of 20 gr. 
of antimony oxid with 180 gr. of calcium phosphate. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). Vienna p., 
potassa with lime. Vigo's p., red oxid of mer- 
cury. Vincent's p., 9 parts of boric acid and 1 
part of calcium hypochlorate. 
pox (poks). Any eruptive disease: used as a vulgar 
name for syphilis, camel-p., a disease of camels 
not unlike small-pox. chicken-p. See vari- 
cella. cow-p. See vaccinia, horse-p. See 
equinia. Kaffir p., milk p. See Amaas. 
sheep-p. See ovinia, small-p. See variola. 
swine-p., a contagious disease of swine re- 
sembling small-pox. white p., a disease of 
Africa and South America resembling variola, but 
not dangerous. A small round coccus-like organism 
has been found in the pustules of the disease. 
Pozzi's operation, syndrome (pod'zez) [Samuel 
Jean Pozzi, gynecologist in Paris, 1846-1918]. See 
under operation and syndrome. 
P. p. Abbreviation for L. punc'tum prox'imum, 
near-point. P. P. A. 
887 
PRECIPITOPHORE 
P. p. a. Abbreviation for L. phi'ala pri'us agita'ta, 
the bottle having first been shaken. 
Ppt. Abbreviation for precipitate and prepared. 
P. r. Abbreviation for L. punc'tum remo'tum, far- 
point. 
Pr. Abbreviation for presbyopia and prism; symbol 
for praseodymium. 
practice (prak'tis) [Gr. irpaKrcK-i)]. The practice of 
medicine; the branch of medicine treating of 
the practical recognition and treatment of disease, 
contract p., the treatment of the members of a 
lodge, organization, or society for a lump sum, or 
at so much per head, group p. See group medi- 
cine, under medicine. 
practique (prak-tek'). A certificate which releases 
an incoming vessel from quarantine. It is given 
by the quarantine officer to the master, and when 
presented to the collector of the port admits the 
boat to entry. 
practitioner (prak-tish'un-er). A physician, sur- 
geon, bachelor of medicine, apothecary, or licen- 
tiate. 
pr®-. For words thus beginning, see those begin- 
ning pre-. 
pr® cribrum (pre-kri'brum). The anterior perfo- 
rated space of the brain. 
pr®cuneus (pre-ku'ne-us). The quadrate lobule 
of the cerebrum. 
pr®geniculatum (pre"jen-ik-u-la'tum). The ex- 
ternal geniculate body. 
pr®operculum (pre-o-per'ku-lum). The frontal 
operculum of the brain. 
prwperforatum (pre-per-fo-ra'tum). The anterior 
perforated space. » 
pr®putium (pre-pu'she-um). See prepuce. 
pr®vermis (pre-ver'mis). The anterior and supe- 
rior por tions of the vermis of the cerebellum. 
pragmatagnosia (prag"mat-ag-no'ze-ah) [Gr. 
irpaypa object + aypwcria absence of recognition]. 
Inability to recognize objects. 
pragmatamnesia (prag"mat-am-ne'ze-ah) [Gr. 
Trpaypa object + app^ala forgetfulness]. Loss of 
power of remembering the appearance of objects. 
prairie-itch (pra're). See itch. 
praseodymium (pra-se-o-dim'e-um). An element 
having an atomic weight of 140.9 and the symbol 
Pr. 
prasoid (pra'soid). A solution of globularin and 
globularetin: for use in acute rheumatism and 
gout. Dose, 15-20 min. (1-1.33 c.c.). 
P. rat. ®tat. Abbreviation for L. pro ratio'ne ceta'- 
tis, in proportion to age. 
Pravaz's syringe (prah-vahz') [Charles Gabriel 
Pravaz, French physician in Lyons, 1791-1853]. 
See syringe. 
Praxagoras (praks-ag'o-ras). A Greek physician 
of Cos, who lived about 300 b. c. He seems to 
have been the first to recognize the difference be- 
tween arteries and veins. 
praxiology (prak-se-ol'o-je) [Gr. Trpafis action + 
Xbyos treatise]. The study of conduct. 
praxinoscope (praks-in'o-skop) [Gr. irpd^is exercise 
+ aKoireiv to view]. An instrument for studying 
the larynx. 
pre- [L. pra before]. A prefix signifying before. 
preadult (pre-ad'ult). Prior to adult life. 
preagonal, preagonic (pre-ag'o-nal, -ag-on'ik). 
Preceding the death agony. 
prealbuminuric (pre"al-bu-min-u'rik). Occur- 
ring before albuminuria sets in. 
preanal (pre-a'nal). Situated in front of the 
anus. 
preantiseptic (pre"an-tis-ep'tik). Pertaining to 
the time before the discovery of antisepsis. 
preaortic (pre-a-or'tik). In front of the aorta. 
preaseptic (pre-as-ep'tik). Pertaining to the time 
before aseptic surgery was practised. 
preataxic (pre-at-aks'ik). Occurring before the 
advent of ataxia. 
preauricular (pre-aw-rik'u-lar). Situated before 
an auricle or an auricular structure. 
preaxial (pre-aks'e-al). In front of the transverse 
axis of the body. 
prebacillary (pre-bas'il-a-re). Occurring before 
the entrance of bacilli into the system, or before 
they become discoverable. 
prebacteriologic (pre-bak-te-re-o-loj'ik). Before 
the development of bacteriology. 
prebase (pre'bas). That part of the dorsum of 
the tongue lying in front of the base. 
prebrachium (pre-bra'ke-um). One of the two 
upper brachia of the corpora quadrigemina. 
precancerous (pre-kan'ser-us). Occurring before 
the development of a cancer. 
precapillary (pre-kap'il-a-re). A venule or arte- 
riole. 
precarcinomatous (pre-kar-sin-om'at-us). Pre- 
ceding the development of carcinoma. 
precardiac (pre-kar'de-ak). Situated ventrad from 
the heart. 
precartilage (pre-kar'til-aj). Embryonic car- 
tilaginous tissue. 
precava (pre-ka'vah). The vena cava descendens. 
precentral (pre-sen'tral). Situated in front of a 
center. 
prechordal (pre-kor'dal). Situated in front of the 
notochord. 
precipitable (pre-sip'it-a-bl). Capable of being 
precipitated. 
precipitant (pre-sip'it-ant). A substance which 
causes a chemic or mechanic precipitation. 
precipitate (pre-sip'it-at) [L. prcecipita're to cast 
down], i. To cause a substance in solution to 
settle down in solid particles. 2. [L. pracipita'- 
tum.] A deposit made or substance thrown 
down by precipitation. 3. Hasty; headlong; as 
precipitate labor, red p., red mercuric oxid, 
HgO. sweet p., calomel, white p., ammoni- 
ated mercury, NH2HgCl. yellow p., yellow 
mercuric oxid, HgO. 
precipitation (pre"sip-it-a'shun) [L. pracipita'tio}. 
The act or process of precipitating, group p., 
precipitation of more than one organism by a pre- 
cipitin. 
precipitin (pre-sip'it-in). An antibody which is 
found in the blood of an animal which has been 
injected with bacterial culture fluids, blood-serum, 
or any other foreign protein. The blood-serum of 
such an animal will produce a precipitate when 
added to the antigen which has been used in its 
production, heat p. See coctoprecipitin. 
precipitinogen (pre-sip-it-in'o-jen). Same as 
precipitogen. 
precipitinoid (pre-sip'it-in-oid). A precipitin in 
which the zymophore group has been weakened 
or lost so that it cannot cause precipitation, al- 
though it still retains its affinity for the antigen. 
precipitinophoric (pre-sip"it-in-o-fo'rik). De- 
noting the active precipitating element or group 
in a precipitin. 
precipitogen (pre-sip'it-o-jen). Any substance 
which on injection will cause the development of 
a specific precipitin. 
precipitogenoid (pre-sip-it-oj'en-oid). A precipit- 
ogen which has lost its power of causing precipita- 
tion. 
precipitoid (pre-sip'it-oid). A precipitin in which 
the active precipitating group has been destroyed 
by heat. 
precipitophore (pre-sip'it-o-for). The group in a 
precipitin which causes the actual precipitation. PRECIPITUM 
888 
PREGNANCY 
precipitum (pre-sip'it-um). The precipitate re- 
sulting from the action of a precipitin. 
preclival (pre-kli'val). In front of the clivus of 
the cerebellum. 
precommissure (pre-kom'ish-ur). The anterior 
cornu of the lateral ventricle. 
preconscious (pre-kon'shus). In Freudian ter- 
minology, the preconscious includes all mental 
processes which are "out of mind" at the time, but 
can be recalled with little or no effort. 
preconvulsant (pre-kon-vul'sant). Pertaining to 
that stage of disease which precedes the occur- 
rence of convulsions. 
preconvulsive (pre-kon-vul'siv). Preceding a con- 
vulsion: said of a stage in epilepsy. 
precordia (pre-kor'de-ah) [L. prcecor'dia]. The re- 
gion over the heart or stomach; the epigastrium 
and lower part of the thorax. 
precordial (pre-kor'de-al). Pertaining to the pre- 
cordia. 
precordialgia (pre"kor-de-al'je-ah) [precordia + 
Gr. aXyos pain). Pain in the precordia. 
precordium (pre-kor'de-um). Same as precordia. 
precornu (pre-kor'nu). The anterior cornu of the 
lateral ventricle. 
precostal (pre-kos'tal). In front of the ribs. 
precranial (pre-kra'ne-al). In the anterior part of 
the cranium. 
precribrum (pre-kri'brum). The anterior perfo- 
rated space. 
precritical (pre-krit'ik-al). Previous to the occur- 
rence of the crisis. 
precuneal (pre-ku'ne-al). Situated in front of the 
cuneus. 
precuneate (pre-ku'ne-at). Pertaining to the pre- 
cuneus. 
precuneus (pre-ku'ne-us) [L. pra before + cu'neus 
wedge). The quadrate lobule of the cerebellum. 
prediastolic (pre"di-as-tol'ik). 1. Pertaining to 
the beginning of the diastole. 2. Occurring just 
before the diastole. 
predicrotic (pre-di-krot'ik). Occurring before the 
dicrotic wave of the sphygmogram. 
predigestion (pre-di-jes'tshun). The partial arti- 
ficial digestion of food before its ingestion. 
predisposing (pre-dis-po'zing). Conferring a ten- 
dency to disease. 
predisposition (pre"dis-po-zish'un) [L. pros before 
+ dispo'nere to dispose]. A diathesis or special 
tendency toward some particular disease. 
predormitium (pre-dor-mish'e-um) [L.]. The 
light slumber occurring before sound sleep begins. 
preepiglottic (pre"ep-ig-lot'ik). Situated or oc- 
curring in front of the epiglottis. 
preemptive (pre-e-rup'tiv). Preceding eruption, 
preflagellate (pre-flaj'el-at). Preceding the flag- 
ellate state: said of protozoa. 
preformation (pre-for-ma'shun). See evolution (3). 
prefrontal (pre-fron'tal). 1. Situated in the an- 
terior part of the frontal lobe or region. 2. The 
central part of the ethmoid bone. 
preganglionic (pre"gang-le-on'ik). Situated an- 
terior to a ganglion. 
pregeminal (pre-jem'in-al). Pertaining to the 
pregeminum. 
pregeminum (pre-jem'in-um). An anterior optic 
lobe or geminal body. 
pregeniculatum (pre"jen-ik-u-la'tum). The ex- 
ternal geniculate body. 
pregeniculum (pre-jen-ik'u-lum). Same as pre- 
geniculatum. 
Pregl's solution (pra'glz). See under solution. 
preglobulin (pre-glob'u-lin). A protein derivable 
from cytoglobulin by decomposition with acids. 
It is insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute al- 
kaline solutions. 
pregnancy (preg'nan-se) [L. prag'nans with child). 
The condition of being with child; gestation. In 
woman the duration of pregnancy is about 280 
days, nine calendar or ten lunar months. Preg- 
nancy is marked by cessation of the menses; nau- 
sea on arising in the morning (morning sickness); 
enlargement of the breasts and pigmentation of 
the nipples; progressive enlargement of the abdo- 
men. The absolute signs of pregnancy are bal- 
lottement, fetal movements, and sounds of the 
fetal heart. abdominal p., lodgment of the 
ovum within the abdominal cavity, afetal p., 
spurious pregnancy. ampullar p., preg- 
nancy in which the ovum has been arrested 
in the ampulla of the oviduct, bigeminal 
p., twin pregnancy, broad ligament p., 
pregnancy taking place within the broad liga- 
ment. cervical p., the development of the 
ovum within the cervical canal, cornual 
p., pregnancy in one of the horns of a bicornute 
uterus, ectopic p. Same as extra-uterine p. 
entopic p., normal uterine pregnancy, extra- 
uterine p., development of the ovum outside of 
the walls of the uterus, fallopian p. Same as 
tubal p. false p., apparent, but not real, preg- 
nancy. fatty p., false pregnancy with the accu- 
mulation of fat in the abdominal wall, gemellary 
p. Same as twin-p. heterotopic p., a double 
pregnancy, one intra-uterine and the other extra- 
uterine. hydatid p., that which is accompanied 
with the formation of a hydatid mole, hysteric 
p., symptoms of pregnancy in hysteric women 
who are not really pregnant, interstitial p., 
gestation in that part of the oviduct which is within 
'the wall of the uterus, intraligamentary p., 
a pregnancy within the broad ligament, intra- 
mural p. Same as interstitial p. intraper- 
itoneal p., pregnancy within the peritoneal cav- 
ity. membrananous p., pregnancy in which 
the fetus has broken through its membranous en- 
velope and lies in contact with the uterine walls, 
mesenteric p. Same as tuboligamentary p. 
mesometric p., a kind of tubal pregnancy in 
which the tube has ruptured and the embryo oc- 
cupies a sac formed partly by the expanded tube 
and partly by the layers of the peritoneum form- 
ing the mesometrium. molar p., conversion of 
the ovum into a mole, multiple p., the presence 
of more than one ovum in the uterus at the same 
time, mural p. Same as interstitial p. ner- 
vous p. Same as hysteric p. ovarian p., preg- 
nancy occurring within an ovary, ovario-ab- 
dominal p., a pregnancy which begins ovarian, 
but afterward becomes abdominal, parietal p. 
Same as interstitial p. phantom p., an abdom- 
inal enlargement in r.ysteric women simulating 
pregnancy, plural p., pregnancy with more than 
one fetus, pseudo-intraligamentary p., an 
extra-uterine pregnancy in which a sac has been 
formed in such a way as to simulate an intraliga- 
mentary pregnancy, sarcofetal p., pregnancy 
with both a fetus and a mole, sarcohysteric 
p., false pregnancy due to a mole, spurious p. 
Same as false p. stump p., pregnancy at the 
stump remaining after a pelvic operation, tubal 
p., pregnancy within an oviduct, tubo-ab- 
dominal p., one occurring partly in the fimbri- 
ated end of the oviduct and partly in the abdom- 
inal cavity, tuboligamentary p., a pregnancy 
partly in the tube and partly in the broad liga- 
ment. tubo-ovarian p., one occurring partly 
in the ovary and partly in the oviduct, tubo- 
Uterine p., gestation partly within the uterus 
and partly in an oviduct, twin p., gestation 
with twins, unconscious p., pregnancy of 
which the woman is unaware, utero-abdom- 
inal p., pregnancy with one fetus in the uterus 
and another in the abdominal cavity. Utero- 
ovarian p., pregnancy with one fetus in the 
uterus and another in the ovary, uterotubal 
p. Same as tubo-uterine p. Pregnancy: i. The non-gravid womb and the same at eight months, with the varying heights of the fundus marked in weeks. 2. Position of the 
child and the uterus in a case of pendulous abdomen. TABLE FOR CALCULATING THE DURATION OF PREGNANCY. 
PREGNANT 
889 
PREOPTIC 
Explanation.-Find in top line the date of menstruation; the figure below will indicate the date when confine- 
ment may be expected-i. e., if date ot menstruation is June i, confinement may be expected on March 8, or one day 
earlier if leap year (Dr. Ely). 
January .... 
October . . . 
z 
8 
9 
3 4 
5 
12 
6 
13 
7 
14 
8 
15 
9 
z6 
zo 
17 
II 
18 
12 
19 
13 
20 
14 
21 
15 
22 
z6 
23 
17 
24 
z8 
25 
19 
26 
20 
27 
21 
28 
22 
29 
23 
3° 
24 
31 
25 
I 
26 
2 
27 
3 
28 
4 
29 
5 
3° 
6 
31 
7 
November. 
IO 
II 
February . . . 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
iS 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
November . . 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2b 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
December. 
March 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
3i 
December. 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
3i 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
January. 
April 
I 
2 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
IS 
z6 
17 
zS 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 3° 
January . . 
6 
7 
« 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
IS 
z6 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
I 
2 
3 
4 
February. 
May 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
>3 
14 
IS 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
2 2 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
3i 
February . . . 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
x3 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
I 
2 
3 
4 
s 
6 
7 
March. 
June 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
March .... 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
X5 
16 
17:18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
2b 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
31 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
April. 
July 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
2 2 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 29 
3° 
31 
April 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
ii 
12 
13 
i4|i5 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 29 
3° 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
May. 
August 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
11 
12 
13 
14 
IS 
16 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28,29 
3° 
3i 
May ... 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
i3 
14 
15 
zb 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 27 
28 
29 
3° 
31 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
June. 
September . . . 
I 
2 
3 
4 
s 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
IS 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
June 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
zb 
17 
18 
z9 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26^7 
28 
29 
3° 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
July. 
October .... 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
31 
July 
8 
9 
IO 
12 
*3 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 27 
28 
29 
3° 
31 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
August. 
November . . . 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
IS 
z6 
17.z8 
19:20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
20 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
August . . . 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
*3 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 25 26,27 
28 
29 
3° 
31 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
September. 
December . . . 
I 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
IO 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
z6 
17 
z8 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
3° 
3i 
September . . 
7 
8 
9|zo 
II 
12 
I3|i4 
15 
16 
17 
z8|z9 
2O|2I 
22 
23 24 25^6 
27' 
28 
29 
30 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
October. 
pregnant (preg'nant) [L. preg'nans]. With child; 
gravid. 
pregonium (pre-go'ne-um). Recess on lower edge 
of body of the mandible in advance of the angle. 
pregracile (pre-gras'il). Anterior to the gracile 
lobe of the cerebellum. 
pregranular (pre-gran'u-lar). Occurring before 
the granular stage. 
pre-hallux (pre-hal'ux). A supernumerary bone of 
the foot sometimes found growing from the inner 
border of the scaphoid. 
prehemiplegic (pre"hem-ip-le'jik). Forerunning 
an attack of hemiplegia. 
prehensile (pre-hen'sil) [L. prehen'dere to lay hold 
of]. Adapted for grasping or seizing. 
prehension (pre-hen'shun) [L. prehen'sio]. The 
act of seizing or grasping. 
prehepaticus (pre-he-pat'ik-us) [L. pra before + 
Gr. fjirap liver]. A mass of vascular and connec- 
tive tissue in the embryo which develops into the 
interstitial tissue of the liver. 
prehyoid (pre-hi'oid). In front of the hyoid bone, 
prehypophysis (pre-hi-pof'is-is). The anterior 
lobe of the hypophysis. 
pre-induction (pre-in-duk'shun). An environ- 
mental influence on the germ cells of an individual 
which does not produce a modification until the 
third generation of his descendants, i. e., in the 
grandchildren. 
preinsula (pre-in'su-lah). The cephalic portion of 
the insula. 
preiotation (pre"i-o-ta'shun) [pre + Gr. Iura letter 
i]. The conversion of the initial sound of i into y. 
prelacrimal (pre-lak'rim-al). In front of the lac- 
rimal sac. 
prelaryngeal (pre-lar-in'je-al). In front of the 
larynx. 
prelimbic (pre-lim'bik). Situated before a limbus, 
prelipoid (pre-li'poid). Preceding the lipoid state, 
prelum (pre'lum). Latin for press, p. abdomi- 
na'le, the squeezing of the abdominal viscera be- 
tween the diaphragm and the abdominal wall, as 
in defecation. 
premalignant (pre-mal-ig'nant). Occurring be- 
fore the development of malignant characters. 
premaniacal (pre-ma-ni'ak-al). Preceding an at- 
tack of mania. 
premature (pre-mat-ur') [L. pram atu'rus early 
ripe], i. Occurring before the proper time. 2. An 
infant born before its proper time, but viable. 
premaxilla (pre-maks-il'ah). The intermaxillary 
bone. 
premaxillary (pre-maks'il-a-re). 1. Situated in 
front of the maxilla proper. 2. The intermaxillary 
bone. 
premenstrual (pre-men'stru-al). Occurring be- 
fore menstruation. 
premolar (pre-mo'lar) [L. pra before + mola'ris 
molar], 1. Situated in front of the molar teeth. 
2. A bicuspid tooth. 3. Preceding a molar tooth. 
4. A deciduous molar tooth. 
premonitory (pre-mon'it-o-re) [L. pramonito'- 
rius]. Serving as a warning. 
premortal (pre-mor'tal). Just before death. 
premycosic (pre-mi-ko'sik). Pertaining to a my- 
cotic disease at a stage prior to the maturity of its 
fungal element. 
premyelocyte (pre-mi'el-o-sit). Same as myelo- 
blast. 
prenarcotic (pre-nar-kot'ik). Previous to the oc- 
currence of narcosis. 
prenares (pre-na'rez). The nostrils. 
prenatal (pre-na'tal) [L. pra before + nata'lis 
natal]. Existing or occurring before birth, p. 
influence, the effect upon the offspring of any 
condition or activity of the mother during the 
period of pregnancy. 
preoblongata, prseoblongata (pre"ob-lon-gaz- 
tah). That part of the oblongata which lies be- 
tween the fourth ventricle and the pons. 
preoperative (pre-op'er-a-tiv). Preceding an 
operation. 
preoperculum (pre-o-per'ku-lum). The frontal 
operculum of the brain. 
preoptic (pre-op'tik). Situated anterior to the 
optic lobes. preopticus (pre-op'tik-us) [L. prce before + op'ti- 
cus optic]. Either of the two anterior optic lobes 
(corpora quadrigemina). 
preoral (pre-o'ral) [L. prce before 4- os mouth]. 
Situated in front of the mouth. 
prepalatal (pre-pal'at-al). Situated in front of the 
palate. 
prepallium (pre-pal'e-um). The portion of the cere- 
bral cortex anterior to the foramen of Rolando. 
preparation (prep-ar-a'shun) [L. prapara'tio\. 1. 
The act or process of making ready. 2. A medicine 
made ready for use. 3. An anatomic or pathologic 
specimen made ready and preserved for study, 
corrosion p., an anatomic preparation made by 
injecting the parts to be retained and eating away 
the rest of the tissues with some corrosive sub- 
stance. Ehrlich-Hata p., salvarsan. Hata 
p., salvarsan. heart-lung p., an animal pre- 
pared for the study of the action of the heart 
muscle. The perfused fluid flows through an 
unaltered pulmonic circle. 
preparative (pre-pa/at-iv). See amboceptor. 
preparator (prep'ar-a-tor). Amboceptor. 
prepatellar (pre-pat-el'ar). Situated in front of 
the patella. 
prepeduncle (pre-pe'dung-kl). The anterior pe- 
duncle of the cerebellum. 
preperforative (pre-perTo-ra-tiv). Before the oc- 
currence of perforation. 
preperforatum (pre"per-fo-ra'tum). The anterior 
perforated space. 
prephthisis (pre-thi'sis). The initial stages of pul- 
monary phthisis. 
preplacental (pre-plas-en'tal). Previous to the 
formation of the placenta. 
prepontile (pre-pon'til). In front of the pons. 
prepotency (pre-po'ten-se) [L. prapoten' tia]. 
Power superior to that of the other parent in 
transmitting inheritable characters to the off- 
spring. 
prepotent (pre-po'tent) [L. prce'potens]. Having 
superior force; having greater power than the other 
parent in transmitting inheritable characters to the 
offspring. 
prepubescent (pre-pu-bes'ent). Before puberty. 
prepuce (pre'pus) [L. prcepu'tium]. The fold of 
skin covering the glans penis; the foreskin, p. 
of the clitoris, a fold formed by the labia mi- 
nora covering the clitoris. 
preputial (pre-pu'shal). Pertaining to the pre- 
puce. 
prepyloric (pre-pi-lor'ik). In front of the pylorus, 
prepyramidal (pre-pi-ram'id-al). Situated in front 
of the pyramid. 
preramus (pre-ra'mus). The vertical branch of 
the stem of the arbor vitae of the cerebellum. 
prerectal (pre-rek'tal). Situated in front of the 
rectum. 
prerenal (pre-re'nal). Situated in front of the 
kidney. 
prereproductive (pre"re-pro-duk'tiv). Pertain- 
ing to childhood, or the stage preceding puberty. 
presbyacusia (pres"be-ak-u'se-ah). Presbycusis. 
presbyatry (pres'be-at-re) [Gr. n-peo^vs old + 
larpla treatment]. The treatment of diseases of 
old age. 
presbycusis (pres-be-ku'sis) [Gr. Tcpea^vs old + 
aKovais hearing]. That lessening of the acute- 
ness of hearing which characterizes old age. 
presbyope (pres'be-bp) [Gr. tt peaces old + 
eye]. One who is presbyopic. 
presbyophrenia (pres"be-o-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. irpka0vs 
old 4- <pprjv mind], A mental condition often 
seen in old age, consisting of defective memory, 
loss of sense of location, and confabulation. 
Called also Wernicke's syndrome. 
PREOPTICUS 
890 
presbyopia (pres-be-o'pe-ah) [Gr. Trp^a/Jus old 4* 
eye]. Long sight and impairment of vision 
due to advancing years or to old age. It is de- 
pendent on diminution of the power of accom- 
modation from loss of elasticity of the crystalline 
lens, causing the near-point of distinct vision to 
be removed farther from the eye. 
presbyopic (pres-be-op'ik). Pertaining to presby- 
opia. 
presbysphacelus (pres-bis-fas'el-us) [Gr. irpea^vs 
old + atpdKeXos gangrene]. Senile gangrene. 
presbytia (pres-bish'e-ah). Same as presbyopia. 
presbytiatrics (pres"be-te-at'riks). Presbyatry. 
presbytism (pres'bit-izm). Same as presbyopia. 
presclerosis (pre-skle-ro'sis). A state of arterial 
hypertension preceding arteriosclerosis. 
presclerotic (pre-skle-rot'ik). Occurring before 
sclerosis takes place. 
prescribe (pre-skrib') [L. prcescrib'ere to write be- 
fore]. To designate in writing a remedy for 
administration. 
prescription (pre-skrip'shun) [L. pr<escrip'tio\. A 
written direction for the preparation and admin- 
istration of a remedy. A prescription consists 
of the heading or superscription-that is, the 
symbol or the word Recipe, meaning " take"; 
the inscription, which contains the names and 
quantities of the ingredients; the subscription, or 
directions for compounding; and the signature, 
usually introduced by the sign S. for sig'na, 
" mark," which gives the directions for the pa- 
tient which are to be marked on the receptacle, 
shotgun p., a prescription that contains a num- 
ber of ingredients given with the idea that one or 
more of them may be effective. 
presecretin (pre-se-kre'tin). A substance existing 
in the mucous membrane of the duodenum from 
which, by the action of hydrochloric acid, secre- 
tin is split off. 
presegmenter (pre-seg-men'ter). A full-grown 
malarial parasite in the stage, in which the pig- 
ment is accumulated into masses just previous to 
segmentation. 
presenile (pre-se'nil). Pertaining to a condition 
resembling senility, but occurring in early or 
middle life. 
presenility (pre-sen-il'it-e). Premature old age. 
present (pre-zent') [L. prcesenta're to show]. To 
appear first at the os uteri: said of various parts 
of the fetus. 
presentation (pre-zen-ta'shun) [L. prcesenta'tio}. 
i. The appearance in labor of some particular 
part of the fetal body at the os uteri. 2. That 
part of the fetal body which first shows itself at 
the os in labor, arm-p., prolapse of the arms 
of the fetus: generally seen in shoulder pres- 
entation. breast-p., the presentation of the 
anterior part of the chest in labor, breech-p., 
the presentation of the fetal buttock in labor, 
brow-p., the presentation of the brow in labor, 
cephalic p., the presentation of any part of the 
head, including the vertex presentation and face- 
presentation. face-p., the presentation of the 
face of the fetus in childbirth, foot-p., foot- 
ling p., the presentation of the feet in labor, 
funis-p., the presentation of the umbilical cord 
in labor, head-p., the presentation of some 
part of the fetal head in labor, longitudinal 
p., polar p., the presentation of either the 
cephalic or the pelvic end of the fetal ellipse, 
pelvic p., presentation of the lower end of the 
fetus, including breech-presentation and foot- 
presentation. placental p. Same as placenta 
proevia. polar p., presentation of either pole, 
cephalic or breech, transverse p., trunk-p., 
presentation in which the axis of the fetal trunk 
lies crosswise or transversely; cross-birth, vertex 
p., the presentation of the upper and back part of 
the fetal head in labor. 
presphenoid (pre-sfe'noid). The anterior portion 
of the body of the sphenoid bone. 
PRESPHENOID presphygmic (pre-sfig'mik). Occurring before 
the pulse-wave. 
prespinal (pre-spi'nal). Situated in front of the 
spine. 
press-juice. See under juice. 
pressinervoscopy (pres"e-ner-vos'ko-pe). Diag- 
nosis of thoracic and abdominal disease by pressure 
upon the pneumogastric and sympathetic nerves 
(A. Pinel). 
pressor (pres'or). Anything that increases the ac- 
tivity of a function, as a pressor base, a pressor 
nerve, p.-nerve, an afferent nerve whose stimu- 
lation increases the activity of a motor center. 
pressure (presh'ur) [L. pressu'ra]. Stress or 
strain, whether by compression, pull, thrust, or 
shear, after-p., a sense of pressure which lasts 
for a short period after removal of the actual pres- 
sure. arterial p., the pressure of the blood 
within the arteries, atmospheric p., the pres- 
sure exerted by the atmosphere. It is about fif- 
teen pounds to the square inch at the level of the 
sea. blood-p., the tension in the walls of the 
blood-vessels derived from the blood-current, 
brain-p., the capillary venous pressure in the 
brain, diastolic p., arterial pressure during di- 
astole. Bonders' p., increase of manometric 
pressure with the instrument placed on the trachea 
on opening the chest of a dead body: due to col- 
lapse of the lung. p.-effect, the sum of the 
changes in any tissue due to abnormal pressure, 
endocardial p., pressure of blood within the 
heart, intra-abdominal p., the pressure of 
the viscera within the abdomen, intracranial 
p., the pressure in the space between the skull and 
the brain, i. e., the pressure in the subarachnoidal 
ffuid. intra-ocular p., the pressure or ten- 
sion of the contents of the eyeball, intrapul- 
monic p., the air pressure within the lungs, in- 
trathoracic p., the pressure within the thorax, 
that is, the pressure in the pleural cavity and medi- 
astinal spaces, intraventricular p., the press- 
ure within the ventricles of the heart, nega- 
tive p., a pressure less than that of the atmosphere, 
osmotic p., the pressure which brings about 
diffusion between solutions of different concentra- 
tion or between a solute and the fluid in which it is 
dissolved, p.-palsy, palsy due to a continuous 
pressure upon a nerve, partial p., the pressure 
exerted by each of the constituents of a mixture of 
gases, pulse p., the difference between the sys- 
tolic and diastolic pressures, p.-sense, that 
sense by which is perceived and estimated the 
amount of pressure exerted on a part of the body, 
solution-p., the force which tends to bring into 
solution the molecules of a solid contained in the 
solvent, systolic p., the arterial pressure at the 
time of systole, venous p., the blood-pressure 
in the veins. 
pressurebolometer (presh"ur-bo-lom'et-er). Press- 
uresphygmobolometer. 
pressuresphygmobolometer (presh"ur-sfig-mo- 
bo-lom'et-er). An apparatus for measuring the 
work of the pulse. 
presternum (pre-ste^num). Same as manubrium. 
presubiculum (pre-sub-ik'u-lum). The portion of 
the hippocampal gyrus between the principal ol- 
factory portion and the subiculum. 
presuppurative (pre-sup'u-ra-tiv). Occurring 
before suppuration. 
presylvian (pre-sil've-an). Pertaining to the an- 
terior or ascending branch of the sylvian fissure. 
presystole (pre-sis'to-le). The interval of time 
just preceding the systole. 
presystolic (pre-sis-tol'ik) [L. pree before + sys- 
tole]. 1. Pertaining to the beginning of the sys- 
tole. 2. Occurring just before the systole. 
pretarsal (pre-ta/sal). Situated in front of the 
tarsus. 
prethyroid, prethyroideal, prethyroidean 
(pre-thi'roid, -thi-roi'de-al, -roi'de-an). Situated 
in front of the thyroid gland or thyroid cartilage. 
PRESPHYGMIC 
891 
pretibial (pre-tib'e-al). Situated in front of the 
tibia. 
pretracheal (pre-tra'ke-al). In front of the trachea, 
pretuberculosis (pre"tu-ber-ku-lo'sis). Tubercu- 
losis in an incipient and occult stage before any 
symptoms of the disease have appeared. 
pretuberculous (pre-tu-ber'ku-lus). Preceding 
the development of tubercle. 
pretympanic (pre-tim-pan'ik). Situated in front 
of the tympanum. 
preurethritis (pre"u-re-thri'tis). Inflammation 
of a part of the vulvar follicles before the urethral 
orifice. 
prevalidin (pre-val'id-in). A proprietary cam- 
phor ointment used by inunction in phthisis 
(W. Koch). 
preventive (pre-ven'tiv). Same as prophylactic. 
preventologist (pre-ven-tol'o-jist). See prophyl- 
actodontist. 
preventology (pre-ven-tol'o-je). Preventive den- 
tistry; prophy lactodontia. 
preventorium (pre-ven-to're-um). An institution 
for the purpose of checking the spread of disease. 
pre vermis (pre-vePmis). The superior vermiform 
process of the cerebellum. 
pre vertebral (pre-vePte-bral). Situated ventrad 
of a vertebra. 
prevertiginous (pre-ver-tij'in-us). Having the 
sense of being pushed from behind. 
prevesical (pre-ves'ik-al) [L. pra before + vesi'ca 
bladder]. Situated in front of the bladder. 
Prevost's sign (pra-voz') [Jean Louis Prevost, 
Swiss physician, born 1838]. See sign. 
prezone (pre'zon). Same as prozone. 
prezymogen (pre-zi'mo-jen). A substance existing 
in the cell which becomes converted into zy- 
mogen. 
priapism (pri'ap-izm) [L. priapis'mus; Gr. irptair- 
iapbs\. Persistent abnormal erection of the penis, 
usually without sexual desire. It is seen in dis- 
eases and injuries of the spinal cord, and may be 
caused by vesical calculus and certain injuries to 
the penis. 
priapitis (pri-ap-i'tis). Inflammation of the penis, 
priapus (pri'ap-us). The penis. 
prickle-cell (prik'l). See cell. 
prickly-heat (prik'le-het). See miliaria and 
lichen tropicus. 
Priessnitz bandage or compress (pres'nits) 
[Vincent Priessnitz, a German "healer," 1799- 
1852]. A cold wet compress. 
Priestley's mass (prest'lez) [Joseph Priestley, 
English naturalist, the discoverer of oxygen, 1733- 
1804]. See under mass. 
primes vise (pri'me vi'e) [L. " the first passages "]. 
The alimentary canal. 
primal (pri'mal). A hair dye .consisting of a solu- 
tion of paratoluene-diamin with neutral sulphites. 
primary (pri'ma-re) [L. prima'rius principal; pri'- 
mus first]. First in order; principal. 
primate (pri'mat). An individual belonging to the 
order Primates. 
Primates (pri-ma'tez) [L. pri'mus first]. The first 
or highest order of mammals, including man, mon- 
keys, and lemurs. 
primerite (pri'mer-it) [L. pri'mus first + Gr. Pepos 
part]. The anterior part of a cephalont. Cf. 
deutomerite. 
primigravida (prim-ig-rav'id-ah) [L. pri'ma first 
+ gra'vida pregnant]. A woman who is preg- 
nant for the first time. 
primipara (pri-mip'ah-rah) [L. pri'ma first + par'- 
ere to bear]. A woman who has given birth or 
is giving birth to her first child. 
primiparity (pri-mip-ar'it-e). The condition or 
fact of being a primipara. 
PRIMIPARITY primiparous (pri-mip'ar-us). Bearing or having 
borne but one child. 
primite (pri'mit). Same as protomerite. 
primitive (prim'it-iv) [L. primiti'vus]. First in 
point of time; original. 
primordial (pri-mor'de-al) [L. primordia'lis]. Orig- 
inal or primitive; of the simplest and most un- 
developed character. 
primordium (pri-mor'de-um) [L. "the beginning"]. 
Same as anlage. 
primulin (prim'u-lin) [L. prim'ulus primrose], i. 
A crystalline principle from cowslip-root. 2. A 
primrose-colored azo-dye of wide usefulness in 
color-printing fabrics by a quasiphotographic 
method. 
princeps (prin'seps) [L. " chief "]. A name of 
certain arteries. See arteries, table of. 
principle (prin'sip-1) [L. princip'ium]. 1. A 
chemic component. 2. A substance on which 
certain of the properties of a drug depend, ac- 
tive p., any constituent of a drug which helps to 
confer upon it a medicinal property, immediate 
p., organic p., proximate p., any one of the 
more or less complex substances of definite chemic 
constitution into which a heterogeneous substance 
can be readily resolved, ultimate p., achemic 
element. 
Prinos (pri'nos) [Gr. rrpivos oak], A genus or sub- 
genus of aquifoliaceous shrubs, commonly as- 
signed to the genus Ilex (holly). P. verticilla'tus, 
the black alder, or winterberry, of North America, 
has a tonic and astringent bark. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
prism (prizm) [Gr. irplapa]. A solid with a tri- 
angular or polygonal cross-section. A triangular 
prism splits up a ray of light into its constitu- 
ent colors, and turns or deflects light-rays toward 
its base. Prisms are used to correct deviations 
of the eyes, since they alter the apparent situation 
of objects, p.-diopter, the unit of prismatic re- 
fraction; a deflection of one centimeter at the dis- 
tance of one meter, enamel-p. any one of the 
microscopic prisms or columns which make up the 
enamel of the teeth. Maddox p., two prisms with 
their bases together: used in testing for torsion of 
the eyeball. Nicol p., two slabs of Iceland spar 
cemented together and deflecting a ray of light in 
such a way that it is split in two, one part being 
totally reflected and the other (polarized ray) pass- 
ing through. Risley's p., a prism which rotates 
in a metal frame marked with a scale: used in 
testing ocular muscles for imbalance. 
pris'ma adamanti'num [B N A]. Enamel prism. 
See prism. 
prismatic (priz-mat'ik). Shaped like a prism; 
produced by a prism. 
prismoid (priz'moid). Resembling a prism. 
prismoptometer (priz-mop-tom'et-er) [prism + 
optometer]. An instrument for testing the eye 
by means of a revolving prism. 
prismosphere (priz'mo-sfer) [prism + sphere]. A 
prism combined with a globular lens. 
prisoptometer (priz-op-tom'et-er). Same as 
prismoptometer. 
privates (pri'vets). The external genitalia. 
p. r. n. An abbreviation for Latin pro re na'ta, 
according as circumstances may require. 
pro- [L. pro; Gr. -irpo before]. A prefix signifying 
before. 
proagglutinoid (pro-ag-lu'tin-oid). An agglutin- 
oid that has a stronger affinity for the agglutin- 
ogen than has the agglutinin. p. zone. See under 
zone. 
proal (pro'al) [Gr. irpb before]. Characterized by 
forward movement. 
proamnion (pro-am'ne-on). That part of the 
embryonal area at the front and side of the head 
which remains without the' mesoderm for some 
time; the primitive amnion. 
PRIMIPAROUS 
892 
pro-antithrombin (pro-an-te-throm'bin). A sub- 
stance present in blood-plasm and blood-serum 
which is converted into antithrombin by a reaction 
with heparin. 
proatlas (pro-at'las). A rudimentary vertebra 
which in some animals lies in front of the atlas: 
sometimes seen as an anomaly in man. 
probang (pro'bang). A flexible rod with a ball, 
tuft, or sponge at the end: used in diseases of 
the esophagus or larynx, ball-p., a probang 
with a ball or bulb at the end. bristle-p., 
horse-hair p., one with an expansible tuft of 
bristles or horse-hairs at the end. sponge-p., 
one which is tufted with sponge at the end. 
probe ( prob) [L. pro'ba; proba're to test]. A slender, 
flexible instrument designed for introduction into 
a wound or cavity for purposes of exploration. 
Amussat's p., a probe used in lithotrity. 
Anel's p., a delicate probe for the lacrimal puncta 
and canals, blunt p., a probe with a blunt end. 
Bowman ' s p., one of a set of probes for use on the 
nasal ducts, bullet-p., one used for detecting 
the presence or determining the locality of a bullet, 
drum-p., a probe with an attachment which 
emits a sound when it comes in contact with a 
foreign body, electric p., one which on contact 
with a foreign body completes an electric circuit, 
so that a sound is made, eyed p., one with a slit 
for a ligature or tape near one end. Fluhrer's 
p., an aluminum probe for examining gun-shot 
wounds of the brain. Girdner's p., electric 
probe, lacrimal p., one designed for use 
on the tear-passages. Lente's p., a silver 
probe having a bulb coated with silver nitrate. 
Lilienthal's p., an apparatus for probing 
for bullets. It consists of a probe composed 
of two or four pieces of metal attached to two 
insulated copper wires which run to a mouth- 
piece composed of two plates, one of copper and one 
of zinc. These plates are applied to the side of the 
tongue and the probe inserted in the wound. If 
the probe touches a bullet, a distinct metallic taste 
is perceived. Lucae's p., a probe in a hollow 
handle and operated by a spring, to apply massage 
in treating catarrhal otitis media, meer- 
schaum p., a probe with a meerschaum tip, 
which on contact with a leaden bullet becomes 
darkened. Nelaton's p., a bullet-probe with 
an unglazed porcelain head. scissors-p., 
a long, delicate pair of scissors that can be used 
as a probe. telephonic p. Same as electric 
p. uterine p., a probe for uterine exploration, 
vertebrated p., a flexible probe made up of 
jointed links, wire p., a probe of steel wire. 
probilin (pro-bi'lin). A preparation of salicylic 
acid with oleic acid salts, phenolphthalein, and men- 
thol: used in infection of the biliary passages. 
procain, procaine (pro'ka-in). Novocain manu- 
factured in the United States, p. nitrate, the 
nitrate of para-amino-benzoyl-diethyl-amino-eth- 
ane, NH2.C6H4.CO.O.(^H5.N(CjHi>)2.HNO3: used 
like procain. 
procatarctic (pro-kat-ark'tik). Predisposing: said 
of a cause of disease. 
procatarxis (pro-kat-arks'is) [Gr.]. 1. A predis- 
posing cause. 2. Predisposition; also the pro- 
duction of a disease partially as a result of pre- 
disposition. 
procelous, procoelous (pro-se'lus) [Gr. irpb be- 
fore + koiXos hollow]. Concave anteriorly. 
procephalic (pro-sef-al'ik) [Gr. irpb before + 
KetpaX-i) head]. Pertaining to the anterior part of 
the head. 
procercoid (pro-ser'koid). One of the larval stages 
of fish tapeworms. 
procerus (pro-se'rus). The pyramidalis muscle. 
process (pros'es) [L. proces'sus]. A slender pro- 
jecting point, acromion p. Same as acro- 
mion. alar p's, the small wing-like processes 
of the crista galli around the foramen caecum, 
alveolar p., the ridge projecting from the lower 
PROCESS PROCESS 
893 
PROCESS 
surface of the body of the maxilla containing the 
alveoli of sockets of the upper teeth; the term is 
also applied to the upper border of the body of the 
mandible containing the alveoli of the lower teeth, 
angular p's, internal and external, the two 
processes which terminate the supra-orbital arch of 
the frontal bone, apex-p., apical p., a large 
process from the apex of the cells of the cerebral 
cortex, articular p., one of the small processes 
from the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra;, 
by means of which the vertebrae articulate with each 
■other, auditory p., the bony tube of the audi- 
tory meatus, axis-cylinder p., a nerve-cell 
process continuous with the axis-cylinder; a neu- 
raxon. See nerve-cell, basilar p., the projection 
of the occipital bone in front of the foramen mag- 
num articulating with, the sphenoid, belemnoid 
p. See styloid p. Blumenbach's p., the unci- 
nate process, capitular p., the articular process 
on a vertebra for the head of a rib. caudate p., 
that portion of the liver which connects the 
right lobe and the caudate lobe, ciliary p's, 
the fringe-like processes that, encircle the mar- 
gin of the eye-lens. Civinini's p. See Civi- 
nini's spine, under spine, clavate p., a point on 
the posterior pyramid of the oblongata., near 
the apex of the fourth ventricle, clinoid p., 
anterior p., the inner extremity of the anterior 
border of the lesser wing of the sphenoid, clinoid 
p's, middle, two small eminences of the sphenoid 
bone, one on either side of the pituitary fossa, 
clinoid p's, posterior, two tubercles of the 
sphenoid, one at each superior angle of the dorsum 
epiphyii. cochleariform p., the bony plate 
which divides the canal of the eustachian tube 
from that of the tensor tympani. condyloid p., 
the condyle of the lower jaw with its neck, con- 
oid p., the tuberosity of the clavicle, coracoid 
p., a projection from the anterior and upper edge 
of the scapula, coronoid p. 1. A wide emi- 
nence at the proximal end of the ulna before the 
olecranon. 2. A conic prominence ascending 
from the upper anterior part of the ramus of the 
lower jaw-bone. 3. The coracoid process, cos- 
tal p., the anterior root of the transverse process 
of a cervical vertebra. Deiters' p., a neuraxon, 
or axis-cylinder process. See nerve-cell, den- 
dritic p., any branched process of a nerve-cell, 
dental p. Same as alveolar p. ensiform p., 
the xiphoid process, epiphyseal p. Same as 
epiphysis, ethmoid p., a projection from the 
upper border of the inferior turbinated bone, 
falciform p. 1. The upper and outer border 
of the saphenous opening. 2. The falx cerebri, 
floccular p., the flocculus, folian p., p. of 
Folius, the long process, or processus gracilis, of 
the malleus, frontalp. Same as frontosphenoi- 
dal process, frontonasal p., a process of bone 
in the fetus which develops into the forehead and 
bridge of the nose, frontosphenoidal p , the 
ascending process of the malar bone uniting with 
the external angular process of the frontal bone, 
funicular p., that portion of the tunica vagi- 
nalis which surrounds the spermatic cord, glob- 
ular p., an eminence at either angle of the 
nose (in the embryo). Gottstein's basal 
p., any attenuated basal process connecting the 
basilar membrane of the organ of Corti with an 
outer hair-cell. Gowers' intermediate p., 
the lateral horn of gray substance of the spinal cord, 
hamular p. 1. A hook-like process on the 
lower extremity of the internal pterygoid plate. 
2. A hook-like point of the lacrimal bone which 
unites with the lacrimal tubercle of the upper max- 
illary bone, infundibular p., the neural por- 
tion of the hypophysis cerebri. Ingrassias' p's, 
the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, intrajug- 
ular p., a small process from the middle of the 
jugal notch of both the occipital and temporal 
bones, jugular p., a process of the occipital bone 
touching the jugular foramen, lacrimal p., a 
process of the inferior turbinated bone which joins 
with the lacrimal bone, lenticular p., one of the 
processes of the malleus; the orbicular bone, long 
p. r. A process which connects the orbiculare to 
the incus proper. 2. The long, slender process pro- 
jecting from the anterior surface of the malleus, 
malar p., the eminence by which the superior 
maxilla articulates with the malar bone, mam- 
millary p., a tubercle on each superior articular 
process of the lumbar vertebrae, mastoid p., the 
conic projection at the base of the mastoid portion 
of the temporal bone, maxillary p., the bony 
plate which descends from the ethmoid process of 
the inferior turbinated bone, mental p., a tri- 
angular prominence at the lower part of the sym- 
physis of the mandible, nasal p., a part of the 
lateral wall of the upper jaw-bone, odontoid p., 
a tooth-like point of the axis which ascends and 
unites with the atlas, olecranon p. Same as 
olecranon, olivary p., a small oval point behind 
the optic groove of the sphenoid bone, orbital p. 
1. A process of the palate bone which passes upward 
and outward. 2. A process which goes inward from 
the inner surface of the upper jaw-bone, forming 
part of the floor of the nostril and the roof of the 
mouth. 3. The end of the long profess of the incus, 
palate-p., one of the processes of the superior 
maxillary bone, papillary p., the rounded left 
lower angle of the caudate lobe of the liver, para- 
mastoid p., a process which in man is represented 
by a tubercle on the under surface of the jugular 
process. paroccipital p., paramastoid proc- 
ess. postglenoid p., a tubercle which sepa- 
rates the glenoid fossa from the auditory process, 
progressive p., a bodily process which con- 
tinues after it has ceased to be of use to the body, 
protoplasmic p., any process of a nerve-cell 
not continued as an axis-cylinder. See nerve- 
cell. pterygoid p. 1. A process of the palate 
bone, on its posterior edge articulating with the 
sphenoid bone. 2. A process on either side of 
the sphenoid bone, descending from the points 
of junction of the greater wings with the body 
of the bone, pterygospinous p. Same as 
Civinini's spine. See spine, pyramidal p., 
the pterygoid process of the palate bone. Rau's 
p., ravian p., the long process of the mal- 
leus. Riedel's p., a strap-shaped process 
of the liver sometimes developed over the gall- 
bladder in cholelithiasis. short p., one of 
the processes of the malleus; also one of the 
incus. sphenoid p., one of the processes 
of the palate bone going upward and inward, 
spinous p. 1. That part of a vertebra which 
projects backward from the arch, giving attach- 
ment to muscles. 2. A backward prolongation 
from the lower angle of the great wing of the 
sphenoid bone. 3. Any one of the four spines 
of the ilium, styloid p. 1. The conic emi- 
nence behind the head of the fibula. 2. A pro- 
jection on the outer part of the distal end of the 
radius. 3. A long spine extending downward 
from the lower surface of the temporal bone. 
4. An eminence on the inner side of the distal 
end of the ulna, subgerminal p., outgrowths 
from the inner surface of the epiblast, superior 
vermiform p., upper part of median lobe of 
cerebellum, temporal p., the posterior angle by 
which the malar bone articulates with the zygo- 
matic process of the temporal bone. Tomes' p., 
a process from an enamel-cell, around which cal- 
cification occurs, transverse p., a process on 
either side of a vertebra, trochlear p., a bony 
spine projecting from the outer side of the os calcis 
and forming the attachment for the external annu- 
lar ligament. Called also peroneal spine, unci- 
form p., uncinate p. 1. A hooked projection 
from the ethmoid and one from the unciform bone; 
also, a hook at the anterior end of the gyrus of the 
hippocampus. 2. The lesser pancreas, vaginal 
p. 1. A ridge on the lower surface of the temporal 
bone partly inclosing the styloid process. 2. A 
process on the inferior surface of the body of the 
sphenoid, running inward from the base of the 
pterygoid process. 3. A slip of the peritoneum taken down by the descending testis into the scro- 
tum, where it becomes the tunica vaginalis, 
vermiform p. i. The superior is a median 
elevated lobe, joining the two hemispheres of the 
cerebellum. 2. The inferior is a projection from 
the bottom of the valley of the under surface of the 
cerebellum. 3. The appendix vermiformis. vocal 
p., the process of the arytenoid cartilage to which 
the vocal cord is attached, xiphoid p., the 
pointed process of cartilage, supported by a core 
of bone, connected with the lower end of the body 
of the sternum; called also ensiform cartilage or 
process, zygomatic p., a process of the temporal 
bone forming a thin, narrow projection, bounding 
the squamous portion of the temporal bone below; 
also a long, serrated portion of the malar bone 
which connects with the foregoing, forming the 
zygomatic arch, or zygoma. 
processus (pro-ses'us). Latin for process or 
processes, p. accesso'rius [B N A], Same as 
anapophysis. p. ante'rior [fo'lii], p. ante'rior 
mal lei [B N A], a long process of the malleus, p. 
az'ygos, the rostrum of the sphenoid bone, 
p. bre'vis, the short process of the malleus; 
also the short process of the incus. p. cau- 
da'tus [BN A], See caudate process, under process. 
p. cilia'res [B N A], the ciliary processes, p. 
clinoi'deus, the clinoid process. See process, p. 
cochlearifor'mis [B N A], the cochleariform 
process, p. e cerebel'lo ad medullam, the 
restiform bodies, p. e cerebel'lo ad pon'tem, 
the middle peduncles of the cerebellum, p. e 
cerebel'lo ad tes'tes, the superior peduncles of 
the cerebellum, p. ferrei'ni, pyramid of Ferrein. 
p. fronta'lis, the nasal process. p. gra'- 
cilis, the long process of the malleus, p. of 
Ingras'sias, the lesser wing of the sphenoid, 
p. lateralis mallei [B N A], the short process 
of the malleus, p. lenticula'ris [B N A], the 
orbicular bone after it has become attached to the 
malleus, p. pyramida'lis [B N A], the ptery- 
goid process of the palate bone. p. reticula'ris, 
the lateral cornu of the spinal cord, p. tuba'rius, 
a process on the inner pterygoid plate of the sphe- 
noid, supporting the cartilage of the eustachian 
tube. p. vaginalis peritonae'i [B N A], Same 
as canal of Nuck. p. vermifor'mis [B N A], the 
vermiform appendix. See appendix, p. vocalis 
[B N A], the vocal process, p. xiphoi'deus 
[B N A], the xiphoid process. 
prochondral (pro-kon'dral). Occurring previous 
to the formation of cartilage. 
prochordal (pro-kor'dal). In front of the noto- 
chord. 
prochoresis (pro-ko-re'sis) [Gr. irpox^PV^^ ad- 
vancement]. The propulsion of food through the 
pylorus or along the alimentary canal. 
prochorion (pro-ko're-on). 1. The thin zona pel- 
lucida of the fertilized ovum when it reaches the 
uterus. 2. The coating of albuminous matter 
which the ovum receives as it passes along the 
oviduct. 
Prochownick's diet (pro-kov'niks) [Ludwig Pro- 
chownick, German obstetrician, born 1851]. See 
under diet. 
prochromatin (pro-kro'mat-in). The substance 
composing the true nucleoli; paranuclein. 
prochymosin (pro-ki'mo-sin). Same as renninogen. 
procidentia (pro-sid-en'she-ah) [L.]. A prolapse, 
or falling down. 
proccelia (pro-se'le-ah) [Gr. irpb before 4- KoiXla 
hollow]. The lateral ventricle of the brain. 
procoelous (pro-se'lus) [Gr. irpb before 4- kolXos 
hollow]. Concave on the anterior surface. 
procreation (pro-kre-a'shun) [L. procrea'tio], The 
act of begetting. 
procreative (pro'kre-a-tiv). Concerned in pro- 
creation; able to beget. 
proctagra (prok'tag-rah, prok-ta'grah) [Gr. irpum- 
PROCESSUS 
894 
tos anus + ay pa seizure]. Pain in and around 
the anus. 
proctalgia (prok-tal'je-ah) [Gr. irpwxros anus 4- 
aXyos pain]. Neuralgia of the lower rectum. 
proctatresia (prok-tat-re'ze-ah) [Gr. irpwKTos anus 
+ a priv. + Tprjats perforation]. Imperforation 
of the anus. 
proctectasia (prok-tek-ta'ze-ah) [Gr. ttpuktos 
anus + ^racris dilatation]. Dilatation of the 
rectum or of the anus. 
proctectomy (prok-tek'to-me) [Gr. irponrrbs anus 
+ cut opt] excision]. Surgical removal of the 
rectum. 
proctencleisis (prok-ten-kli'sis) [Gr. -kp^ktos anus 
+ eyKXeleLv to shut in]. Constriction, or stenosis, 
of the lower rectum. 
procteurynter (prok'tu-rin-ter) [Gr. ttpwktos anus 
4- evpvvecv to widen]. A bag-like device used in 
dilating the rectum. 
proctitis (prok-ti'tis). Inflammation of the rectum, 
epidemic gangrenous p., a disease of the north- 
ern part of South America and the Fiji and other 
islands of the South Pacific Ocean, marked by 
rapidly spreading ulceration of the anus and lower 
bowel, with bloody discharges, fever, and great 
prostration. 
proctocele (prok'to-sel) [Gr. irpwKTOs anus 4- KifXTj 
hernia]. Hernial protrusion of a part of the 
rectum. 
proctoclysis (prok-tok'lis-is) [Gr. ttpwktos rectum 
+ kXvchs a drenching]. The slow injection of 
large quantities of liquid into the rectum. Called 
also Murphy drip. 
proctococcypexy (prok-to-kok'se-pek-se) [Gr. 
TrpwKTbs anus + kokkv!; coccyx + irijyvvvat to fix]. 
The fastening of the rectum to the coccyx by 
sutures. 
proctocolitis (prok-to-ko-li'tis). Inflammation of 
the rectum and colon. 
proctocolonoscopy (prok"to-ko-lon-os'ko-pe). 
Inspection of the interior of the rectum and lower 
colon. 
proctocystoplasty (prok-to-sis'to-plas-te) [Gr. 
TrpaiKTOs anus + Kvans bladder + irXacraeco to 
form]. A plastic operation on the rectum and 
bladder. 
proctocystotomy (prok"to-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. irpcoK- 
ros anus + idi<ms bladder 4* ropp cut]. The 
rectovesical operation for stone in the bladder. 
proctodeum, proctodseum (prok-to-de'um) [Gr. 
irpwKros anus 4- baieiv to divide], A fold or in- 
vagination of the epiblast of the embryo at the 
point where later the anus is formed. 
proctodynia (prok-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. irpwKrbs anus 
+ bbvv-q pain]. Pain in or about the anus. 
procto-elytroplasty (prok"to-el'it-ro-plas-te) [Gr. 
irpiMrbs anus + eXvrpov vagina + TrXacrcrea' to 
form]. A plastic operation on the rectum and 
vagina. 
proctologic (prok-to-loj'ik). Pertaining to proc- 
tology. 
proctologist (prok-tol'o-jist). A practitioner 
skilled in proctology. 
proctology (prok-tol'o-je) [Gr. irpwKrbs anus 4- 
Xbyos discourse]. The branch of medicine treat- 
ing of the rectum and its diseases. 
proctoparalysis (prok"to-par-al'is-is) [Gr. irpwK- 
tos anus 4- paralysis], Paralysis of the muscles of 
the anus and rectum. 
proctopexy (prok'to-peks-e) [Gr. irpwKrbs anus 4~ 
TrT]yvbvaL to fix]. The fixation of the rectum to 
some other part by suture. 
proctophobia (prok-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. ttpuktos 
anus 4- <po^os fear]. The mental state of ap- 
prehension common in persons with rectal disease. 
proctoplasty (prok'to-plas-te) [Gr. irpwrbs anus 
4- irXaaauv to form]. Plastic surgery of the rec- 
tum and anus. 
PROCTOPLASTY PROCTOPLEGIA 
895 
PROGNOSTIC 
proctoplegia (prok-to-ple'je-ah) [Gr. irpwKrbs anus 
+ irXifyi] stroke]. Same as proctoparalysis. 
proctopolypus (prok-to-pol'ip-us) [Gr. irpwrbs 
anus 4- polypus] Polypus of the rectum. 
proctoptoma (prok-top-to'mah). Proctoptosis. 
proctoptosis (prok-top-to'sis) [Gr. irpoiKros anus 
+ TTTwais fall]. Prolapse of the anus. 
proctorrhaphy (prok-tor'af-e) [Gr. irpowbs rec- 
tum + pa^i) seam]. The stitching, or suturation, 
of the rectum. 
proctorrhea, proctorrhoea (prok-tor-e'ah) [Gr. 
irpuKTos anus + poia flow]. A mucous discharge 
from the anus. 
proctoscope (prok'to-skop) [Gr. irpcoKTos anus + 
VKOireiv to inspect]. A speculum for inspecting 
the rectum. Tuttle's p., a rectal speculum with 
an electric light at its extremity and an arrange- 
. ment for inflating the rectal ampulla. 
proctoscopy (prok-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. irptoKros rectum 
+ aKoireiv to view]. Inspection of the rectum. 
proctosigmoidectomy (prok"to-sig-moi-dek'to- 
me) [Gr. tpwktos anus + sigmoid + Gr. tKTop.ii 
excision]. Excision of the anus and sigmoid 
flexure. 
proctosigmoiditis (prok"to-sig-moi-di'tis). In- 
flammation of the rectum and sigmoid. 
proctospasm (prok'to-spazm) [Gr. irpwKTos rectum 
+ spasm]. Spasm of the rectum. 
proctostenosis (prok"to-sten-o'sis) [Gr. irpwKTos 
rectum + a rev cools narrowing]. Stricture of the 
rectum or anus. 
proctostomy (prok-tos'to-me) [Gr. irpaiKTos anus + 
oTopa mouth]. The creation of a permanent 
opening into the rectum. 
proctotome (prok'to-tbm) [Gr. irpoiKTos anus + 
repveiv to cut]. A knife for proctotomy. 
proctotomy (prok-tot'o-me) [Gr. irpoiKrbs anus + 
repo tap to cut]. The cutting of an anal or rectal 
stricture; the opening of an imperforate anus, 
external p., that done on or near the sphincter, 
internal p., an incision of the rectum from 
within above the sphincter. 
proctotoreusis (prok"to-to-ru'sis) [Gr. tpuktos 
anus + rbpevais boring]. The making of an arti- 
ficial anus. 
proctotresia (prok-to-tre'se-ah). Proctotoreusis. 
proctovalvotomy (prok"to-val-vot'o-me). The 
operation of cutting the rectal valves. 
procumbent (pro-kum'bent). Lying on the face. 
procursive (pro-kur'siv) [L. procursi'vus]. Char- 
acterized by a tendency to run forward. 
procurvation (pro-kur-va'shun) [L. procurva're 
to bend forward]. A bending forward, as of the 
body. 
prodigiosin (pro-dij-e-o'sin). The red pigment 
formed by cultures of Bacillus prodigiosus. 
prodigiosus toxin (pro-dij-e-o'sus). See toxin. 
prodromal (pro-dro'mal). Premonitory; indicat- 
ing the approach of a disease. 
prodrome (pro'drom) [L. prod'romus; Gr. irpbbpo- 
pos forerunning]. A premonitory symptom or 
precursor; a symptom indicating the onset of a 
disease. 
prodromic, prodromous (pro-dro'mik, prod'ro- 
mus). Prodromal. 
product (prod'ukt). Something produced, 
anaphylactic reaction p. See anaphylactin. 
substitution p., a chemic product obtained 
by substituting for one element in a molecule an 
atom or radical of another substance. Vaugh- 
an's split p's, a protein which has been split 
up into a poisonous and a non-poisonous part, 
the former soluble in the menstruum, the lat- 
ter not. The former is called the "poison"; 
the latter, the "residue." 
productive (pro-duk'tiv). Producing or forming, 
especially producing new tissue. 
proemial (pro-e'me-al) [pro'em a prelude]. Intro- 
ductory; serving as an introduction or indication; 
prodromal; potentially dangerous, as proemial 
breast. 
proencephalon (pro-en-sef'al-on). Same as pros- 
encephalon. 
proencephalus (pro-en-sefal-us) [Gr. irpo before 
+ eyneipaXos brain]. A monster with a part of 
the brain protruding from a frontal fissure. 
proenzyme (pro-en'zim). An enzyme in its in- 
complete or unripe stage. 
prceotia (pre-o'she-ah). Incorrect form of proio- 
tia. 
proerythroblast (pro-er-ith'ro-blast) [Gr. irpb be- 
fore + erythroblast}. Same as hematoblast. 
proerythrocyte (pro-er-ith'ro-sit) [Gr. irpo before 
+ erythrocyte]. Same as hematoblast. 
proestrum, prooestrum (pro-es'trum) [Gr. irpb 
before + oestrum]. The period just before the 
occurrence of the oestrum in animals. 
proferment (pro-fer'ment). Same as zymogen. 
proferrin (pro-fer'in). Iron nucleoproteid, a 
brownish powder containing io per cent, of or- 
ganic iron. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
professional (pro-fesh'un-al). Pertaining to one's 
profession or occupation. 
Prof eta's law (pro-fa'tahz) [Guiseppe Prof eta, 
Italian physician]. See law. 
Proflchet's syndrome (pro-fe-shaz') [Georges 
Charles Profichet, French physician, born 1873]. 
See syndrome. 
proflavine (pro-fla'vin). Diamino-acridine sul- 
phate, (NH2)2C13H8N.H2SO4.H2O, a compound 
used like acriflavine in the treatment of infected 
wounds. 
profondometer (pro-fon-dom'et-er). An apparatus 
for locating a foreign body by the fluoroscope by 
obtaining three lines of sight which intersect at the 
foreign body. 
profunda cervi'cis (pro-fun'dah), p. fem'oris. 
See arteries, table of. 
progamous (prog'am-us) [Gr. irpb before + yapos 
marriage]. Previous to fertilization of the ovum. 
proganol (pro'ga-nol). An organic silver prepara- 
tion, silver proteinate, containing 8.3 per cent, of 
silver. 
progaster (pro'gas-ter) [Gr. irpo before + ya<TTT]p 
stomach]. The archenteron. 
progastrin (pro-gas'trin). Gastrin that has not 
been activated. 
progenital (pro-jen'it-al). On the external surface 
of the genitals. 
progeria (pro-je're-ah) [Gr. -irpo before + yf/pas old 
age]. Premature old age; specifically a form of 
infantilism marked by small stature, absence of 
facial and pubic hair, wrinkled skin, gray hair, and 
the facial appearance, attitude, and manner of old 
age (Gilford). 
proglossis (pro-glos'is) [Gr. TrpoyXcoatns]. The 
tip of the tongue. 
proglottid (pro-glot'id). Proglottis. 
proglottis (pro-glot'is), pl. proglot'tides [pro- -j- 
glottis]. Any one of the joints of a tape-worm. 
prognathism (prog'nath-izm). The condition of 
being prognathous; marked projection of the jaw. 
prognathous (prog'nath-us) [Gr. irpb before + 
yvaOos jaw]. Having projecting jaws. 
prognose (prog-nos'). To forecast the course and 
outcome of a disease. 
prognosis (prog-no'sis) [Gr. irpbyvucns foreknowl- 
edge]. A forecast as to the probable result of an 
attack of disease; the prospect as to recovery from 
a disease afforded by the nature and symptoms 
of the case. 
prognostic (prog-nos'tik). 1. Affording an indi- 
cation as to prognosis. 2. A symptom or sign on 
which a prognosis may be based. prognosticate (prog-nos'tik-at). To state or de- 
termine the probable outcome of an attack of 
disease. 
prognostician (prog-nos-tish'an). One who is 
skilled in prognosis. 
progression (pro-gresh'un). The act of moving 
or walking forward, backward p., walking back- 
ward: an act seen in certain nervous diseases, 
cross-legged p., a walk in which the toes are 
turned in and the foot is placed in front of its 
fellow. 
progressive (pro-gres'iv). Advancing; going for- 
ward; of a disease, going from bad to worse. 
pro iodin (pro-i'o-din). A proprietary compound of 
iodin and milk albumin: used in syphilis, scrofula, 
etc. 
proiotia (pro-e-o'she-ah) [Gr. irp&i early]. Sexual 
or genital precocity. 
projection (pro-jek'shun) [L. pro forward + ja'cer 
to throw], i. A throwing forward, especially the 
act of referring impressions made on the sense- 
organs to their proper source, so as to locate cor- 
rectly the objects producing them. 2. The act of 
extending or jutting out; also a part that juts out. 
erroneous p., a misjudging of the position of an 
object, due to weakness of the eye-muscles. 
proj ectoscope (pro-jek'to-skop). An apparatus 
for throwing pictures on a screen by reflected light, 
projodin (pro-i'o-din). An iodin-casein compound, 
a yellowish powder: called also lactojod. 
prolabium (pro-la'be-um) [L. pro before + la'bium 
lip]. The exposed red part of the lip. 
prolamin (pro-lam'in). Any one of a group of 
proteins found in cereals. They are soluble in 
alcohol (70-80 per cent.), but insoluble in water 
and absolute alcohol. They are also called alcohol- 
soluble proteins. 
prolapse (pro'laps) [L. prolap'sus; pro before + 
la'bi to fall]. The falling down, or sinking, of a 
part or viscus; procidentia, p. of the cord, pre- 
mature expulsion of the umbilical cord in labor, 
p. of the iris, protrusion of the iris through a 
wound in the cornea. Morgagni's p., chronic in- 
flammatory hyperplasia of the mucosa and sub- 
mucosa of the sacculus laryngis. 
proleptic (pro-lep'tik). Occurring ahead of the 
usual time: said of a periodic disease whose 
paroxysms return at Successively shorter intervals, 
pro leucemia (pro-lu-se'me-ah). Leukanemia. 
proleukemia (pro-lu-ke'me-ah). Leukanemia. 
proleukocyte (pro-lu'ko-sit). Same as leukoblast. 
proliferate (pro-lif'er-at). To grow by the repro- 
duction of similar cells. 
proliferating (pro-Iif'er-a-ting). Reproducing or 
multiplying in similar forms; applied to certain 
cells and morbid cysts. 
proliferation (pro-lif-er-a'shun) [L. pro'les off- 
spring + fe/re to bear]. The reproduction or 
multiplication of similar forms, especially of cells 
and morbid cysts. 
proliferative, proliferous (pro-lif'er-a-tiv, pro- 
lif'er-ous). Characterized by proliferation. 
prolific (pro-lif'ik) [L. prolif'icus]. Fruitful; pro- 
ductive. 
proligerous (pro-lij'er-us) [L. pro'les offspring + 
fer're to bear]. Producing an ovum. 
prolin, proline (pro'lin). Alpha-pyrrolidin car- 
boxylic acid, C4H7(NH).COOH; one of the cleavage 
products (amino-acids) from the protein molecule 
(Emil Fischer, 1901). 
promegaloblast (pro-meg'al-o-blast). A cell de- 
veloping from a lymphoidocyte and developing into 
a megaloblast. 
prominence (prom'in-ens) [L. prominen'tia], A 
projection, laryngeal p. See prominentia lar- 
yngea. malleolar p., a small projection at the 
upper extremity of the stria malleolaris, formed by 
the lateral process of the malleus, spiral p., 
PROGNOSTICATE 
896 
a portion of the spiral ligament projecting into the 
scala media along the lower edge of the stria 
vascularis, styloid p., en eminence on the pos- 
terior wall of the tympanic cavity. 
prominen'tia (prom-in-en'she-ah) [L.]. A prom- 
inence. p. laryn'gea [BNA], The laryngeal 
prominence; the Adam's apple. 
promitosis (pro-mit-o'sis). A simple form of cell 
division seen in tumor cells, in which the nucleolus 
or karyosome divides as in mitosis, the rest of the 
division simulating amitosis. 
promontorium (prom-on-to're-um). [B N A] See 
promontory. 
promontory (prom'on-to-re) [L. promonto'rium]. 
A projecting eminence or process, double p., a 
sacrum in which the second segment is bent back- 
ward, forming an angle with the first segment; the 
second segment is called false p. p. of the 
sacrum, the upper and projecting part of the 
sacrum, p. of the tympanum, the prominence 
on the inner wall of the tympanum formed by the 
first turn of the cochlea. 
promyelocyte (pro-mi'el-o-sit) [Gr. irpo before + 
myelocyte]. A lar^e uninuclear cell of myeloid 
origin seen in the blood in certain forms of leu- 
kemia. Called also granular leukoblast. 
pronation (pro-na'shun) [L. prona'tio]. The act of 
turning the palm of the hand downward. 
pronatoflexor (pro-na-to-flek'sor). Both pronator 
and flexor. 
pronator (pro-na'tor) [L.]. See muscles, table of. 
pronaus (pro'na-iis) [Gr. irpo- before + paos 
temple]. The vestibule of the vagina. 
prone (pron) [L. pro'nus]. Lying with the face 
downward; of the hand, having the palm turned 
downward. 
pronephron, pronephros (pro-nef'ron, pro-nef'- 
ros) [Gr. irpo before + vetppbs kidney]. The prim- 
ordial kidney; a structure developing in the em- 
bryo before the wolffian body. It forms the 
anterior section of the wolffian body and opens 
into the cloaca by the mullerian duct. 
pronograde (pro'no-grad) [L. pro'nus bent down- 
ward + gra'di to walk]. Carrying the body in a 
horizontal position, as distinguished from ortho- 
grade: said of quadrupeds. 
pronometer (pro-nom'et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the amount of pronation or supination 
of the forearm. 
pronucleus (pro-nu'kle-us). The nucleus of the 
egg-element (female pi) or of the sperm-element 
(male pi) after the coalition of the spermatozoon 
with the ovum. 
procestrum. See proestrum. 
prootic (pro-ot'ik) [Gr. irpo before + ovs ear]. 
Situated in front of the ear. 
propaesin (pro-pa'es-in). See propdsin. 
propagation (prop-ag-a'shun). Reproduction. 
propagative (prop'ag-a-tiv). Pertaining to or 
concerned in propagation. 
propalinal (pro-pal'in-al) [Gr. irpo before + iraKiv 
back]. Having a backward and forward direction 
or motion. 
propane (pro'pan). A volatile liquid or gaseous 
hydrocarbon, C3H8, from petroleum. 
propasin, propaesin (pro-pa'e-sin). Paramino- 
benzoic acid propyl ester, NH2.C6H4.COOC3H7, a 
colorless, crystalline compound: used as a local 
anesthetic in dermatology and in gastro-intestinal 
disorders. 
prop-cells (prop'selz). See supporting cells, under 
cell. 
propedeutic, propaedeutic (pro-pe-du'tik) [Gr. 
npo before + Traibeveiv to teach]. Pertaining to 
preliminary instruction. 
propedeutics, propaedeutics (pro-pe-du'tiks). 
Preliminary instruction. 
propene (pro'pen). Propylene. 
PROPENE PROPENYL 
897 
PROSOPOSPASM 
propenyl (pro-pe'nil). Same as glyceryl. 
propepsin (pro-pep'sin). Same as pepsinogen. 
propeptone (pro-pep'ton). Same as hemialbumose. 
propeptonuria (pro-pep-to-nu're-ah). Same as 
hemialbumosuria. 
properitoneal (pro"per-it-o-ne'al). Situated be- 
tween the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal 
wall. See hernia. 
prophase (pro'faz). The first stage in mitosis, in- 
cluding all the processes up to the metaphase or 
longitudinal splitting of the chromosomes. See 
karyokinesis. 
prophylactic (pro-fil-ak'tik) [Gr. Trpo^uXaxriKos]. 
Tending to ward off disease; also a remedy so 
acting. Haffkine's p. See Haffkine's vaccine, 
under vaccine. 
prophylactodontia (pro-fil-ak"to-don'she-ah). 
Preventive dentistry; the branch of dentistry which 
specializes in preventing dental and oral disease 
and malformation. 
prophylactodontist (pro-fil-ak-to-don'tist). A 
specialist in prophylactodontia. 
prophylaxis (pro-fil-aks'is) [Gr. repo<pvXaoaeiv to 
guard]. The prevention of disease; preventive 
treatment, dental p., prophylactodontia. oral 
p., the prevention of disease of the mouth and 
teeth. 
propion (pro'pe-on). Diethyl ketone; a mobile 
fluid, C2H3.CO.C2H5: sedative and hypnotic. 
Dose, 8-45 min. (0.5-3 c.c.). 
propionic acid (pro-pe-on'ik). See under acid. 
propionitril (pro-pi-o-ni'tril). Ethyl cyanid. 
prop iony Iphenetidin (pro-pi"o-nil-f en-et'id-in). 
Same as triphenin. 
proplex, proplexus (pro'pleks, pro-pleks'us). The 
choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
propol (pro'pol). A proprietary disinfectant for 
wounds and instruments. 
propolisin (pro-pol'is-in). A reddish-brown liquid 
prepared from beeswax; a vulnerary, antiseptic, 
and disinfectant. 
proponal (pro'po-nal). A colorless, crystalline 
substance, dipropylmalonylurea, (CsHt^QCO.- 
NH^CO: used as a hypnotic like veronal. Dose, 
3-8 gr. (0.2-0.53 gm.). 
propons (pro'pons) [L. pro before + pons bridge]. 
The delicate plates (al'ce pon'tis) of white substance 
which pass transversely across the anterior end of 
the pyramid and just below the pons varolii; the 
ponticulus. 
proposote (pro'po-sot). Creosote phenylpropionate: 
used in affections of the lung. Dose, 10-20 min. 
(0.6-1.3 c.c.). 
proprioceptive (pro"pre-o-sep'tiv). Receiving 
stimulations within the tissues of the body. 
proprioceptor (pro"pre-o-sep'tor). The apparatus 
which receives stimulations within the tissues of 
the body, which are due to the actions of the organ- 
ism itself. See receptor (2). 
propriospinal (pro-pre-o-spi'nal). Pertaining 
wholly to the spinal cord. 
proptometer (pro-tom'et-er) [Gr. repbrerwats pro- 
trusion + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring protrusion; especially, a scale for meas- 
uring the amount of exophthalmos. 
proptosis (pro-to'sis) [Gr. TTpowroxTis]. A forward 
displacement; a projecting. 
propulsion (pro-pui'shun) [L. pro forward + pel'- 
lere to thrust]. Tendency to fall forward in walk- 
ing; also festination. 
propyl (pro'pil). The univalent chemical radical, 
C3H7 or CH3.CH2.CH2. 
propylamin (pro-pil-am'in). A liquid amin or 
base, CH3.CH2.CH2.NH2, derivable from narcotin, 
etc. It occurs in two forms, normal propylamin and 
isopropylamin. The former is a colorless liquid, of 
strong ammoniacal odor, soluble in water, derived 
from cultures of bacteria of the feces. It has been 
used as an antirheumatic, sedative, and antispas- 
57 
modic in chorea, hysteria, etc. Dose, 1-5 min. 
(0.066-0.333 c.c.). 
propylene (prop'il-en). A gaseous hydrocarbon, 
CHs-CH=CH2, of the olefin series. 
propyrin (pro-pi'rin). Sodium thymobenzoate. 
pro re nata (pro re na'tah). Latin for according to 
circumstances. 
prorennin (pro-ren'in). Same as renninogen. 
prorrhaphy (pro'raf-e) [Gr. irpb forward + pa.^ 
suture]. Same as advancement. 
prorsad (pror'sad) [L. pror'sum forward]. In a for- 
ward direction. 
proscolex (pro-sko'leks), pl. prosco'lices [Gr. irpb be- 
fore + worm]. The embryonic form of a 
cestode worm just after leaving the egg. 
prosecretin (pro-se-kre'tin). The supposed pre- 
cursor of secretin, thought to be contained in 
epithelial cells and to be converted into secretin 
on hydrolysis with acids. 
prosector (pro-sek'tor) [L.]. One who dissects 
anatomic subjects for demonstration. 
prosencephalon (pros-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. repos be- 
fore + eyKeipaXos brain]. The forebrain; the an- 
terior part of the anterior cerebral vesicle of the 
embryo which develops into the cerebral hemi- 
spheres, the corpora striata, and the olfactory 
lobes. 
proso (pro'so). A Russian variety of millet recom- 
mended as a table cereal. 
prosocele, prosocoele (pros'o-sel) [Gr. repos before 
+ Koikia a hollow]. The foremost cavity of the 
brain; the ventricular cavity of the prosencephalon. 
prosodemic (pros-o-dem'ik) [Gr. repbaw forward + 
brjpos people]. Passing from one person to an- 
other instead of reaching a large number at once, 
through some means such as water-supply: said of 
a disease progressing in that way. 
prosogaster (pros'o-gas-ter) [Gr. repos before + 
yaarr)p stomach]. Same as foregut. 
prosopagus (pro-sop'ag-us) [Gr. repbaureov face 
+ Tr-pywaL to fasten], A monster-fetus with a 
twin in the form of a tumor-like mass attached to 
the face. 
prosopalgia (pros-o-pal'je-ah) [Gr. Trpoawroi' face 
+ aXyos pain]. Neuralgia of the trifacial nerve; tic 
douloureux. 
prosopalgic (pros-o-pal'jik). Pertaining to or 
affected with facial neuralgia. 
prosopantritis (pros"o-pan-tri'tis) [Gr. repberwreov 
face + avTpov cavity + -tris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the frontal sinuses. 
prosopectasia (pros"o-pek-ta'zhe-ah) [Gr. repba- 
wreov face + eKraacs expansion]. Oversize of the 
face. 
prosoplasia (pros-o-pla'se-ah) [Gr. Trpocrw forward 
+ reXbaaeev to form], 1. Abnormal differentiation 
of tissue. 2. Development into a higher state of 
organization or functionating. 
prosopodiplegia (pros"o-pod-i-ple'je-ah) [Gr. 
irpbaanrov face + reovs foot + rrXr)yr) stroke]. 
Paralysis of the face and one lower extremity. 
prosopolepsy (pros'o-po-lep-se) [Gr. repbawreov 
face + Xap0aveiv to take]. The reading of char- 
acter from the features. 
prosoponeuralgia (pros"o-po-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. 
repbawreov face + neuralgia]. Pain in the nerves 
of the face. 
prosopoplegia (pros"op-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. wpoaw- 
irov face + reXr)yr) stroke]. Facial paralysis. 
prosopoplegic (pros"o-po-ple'jik). Pertaining to 
or affected with facial paralysis. 
prosoposchisis (pros-o-pos'kis-is) [Gr. repbaureov 
face + cleft]. Congenital fissure of the 
face. 
prosopospasm (pros'o-po-spazm) [Gr. repba-coreov 
face + spasm], Spasm of the muscles of the 
face. prosoposternodymia (pros"o-po-ster-no-dim'e- 
ah) [Gr. irpoatoirov face 4- arepvov sternum -f- 6i8v- 
pos twin]. A double monster-fetus with face 
joined to face and sternum to sternum. 
prosopothoracopagus (pros"o-po-tho-rak-op'ag- 
us) [Gr. Trpoaioirov face -T 0wpa£ chest + nay os 
fixed]. Twin fetuses joined at the faces, necks, 
and chests. 
prosopotocia (pros"o-po-to'se-ah) [Gr. irpoaanrov 
face + tokos birth]. Face-presentation in labor. 
prostaden (pros'tad-en) [Gr. irpoararris prostate + 
aorjo gland]. A preparation of the prostate glands 
of bullocks: used in prostatic and other gland 
hypertrophies. 
prostata (pros-ta'tah). A proprietary, dry thera- 
peutic extract of the prostate glands of animals. 
prostatalgia (pros-tat-al'je-ah) [prostate + Gr. 
&X70S pain]. Pain in the prostate gland. 
prostatauxe (pros-tat-awk'se) [Gr. rr poor arris pros- 
tate fl- av^i) increase]. Enlargement of the pros- 
tate. 
prostate (pros'tat) [Gr. irpoararris prostate; irpo 
before 4- laravat to stand]. A gland which in the 
male surrounds the neck of the bladder and the 
urethra. It consists of a median lobe and two 
lateral lobes, and is made up partly of glandular 
matter, the ducts from which empty into the 
prostatic portion of the urethra, and partly of mus- 
cular fibers which encircle the urethra. 
prostatectomy (pros-tat-ek'to-me) [Gr. irpoorarris 
prostate 4~ ear opr] excision]. Surgical removal of 
the prostate or of a part of it. 
prostatelcosis (pros"tat-el-ko'sis) [prostate 4- Gr. 
eXxcuais ulceration]. Ulceration of the prostate. 
prostater ia (pros-ta-te're-ah). The abnormal 
mental and emotional attitude seen in prostatic 
disease; prostatism. 
pro Static (pros-tat'ik). Pertaining to the prostate 
gland. 
prostaticovesical (pros-tat"ik-o-ves'ik-al). Per- 
taining to the prostate and the bladder. 
prostatism (pros'ta-tizm). A morbid state of mind 
and body due to prostatic disease, especially the 
condition which results from obstruction to urina- 
tion due to prostatic hypertrophy, vesical p., 
a condition of retention of the urine resembling 
that of prostatic disease, but existing in the absence 
of any affection of the prostate. 
prostatitic (pros-tat-it'ik). Pertaining to prostati- 
tis. 
prostatitis (pros-ta-ti'tis). Inflammation of the 
prostate gland. 
prostatocystitis (pros"ta-to-sis-ti'tis) [prostate 4- 
Gr. xfiaris bladder 4- 'tris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the neck of the bladder (pioslatic 
urethra) and the bladder ca vity. 
prostatocystotomy (pros-ta"to-sis-tot'o-me) [Gr. 
irpocrrariis prostate 4" kvotls bladder 4* repvetv to 
cut]. Surgical incision of the bladder and pros- 
tate. 
prostatodynia (pros''tat-o-din'e-ah) [prostate 4- 
Gr. oSvorj pain]. Pain in the prostate gland. 
prostatomegaly (pros"ta-to-meg'a-le) [prostate 4* 
Gr. peyaXi) great]. Hypertrophy of the prostate. 
prostatometer (pros-ta-tom'et-er) [prostate 4- 
Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the prostate. 
prostatomy (pros-tat'o-me) [prostate 4- Gr. rep- 
vetv to cut]. The operation of cutting into the 
prostate. 
prostatomyomectomy (pros-ta"to-mi-o-mek'to- 
me) [prostate 4- myomectomy]. The surgical re- 
moval of a prostatic myoma. 
prostatorrhea, prostatorrhoea (pros"ta-tor-re'- 
ah) [prostate 4- Gr. polo. flow]. A gleety or 
catarrhal discharge from the prostate. 
prostatotomy (pros-ta-tot'o-me) [Gr. it poor arris 
PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA 
898 
prostate + repveiv to cut]. Surgical cutting of the 
prostate. 
prostatotoxin. (pros"tat-o-tok'sin)." A toxin formed 
on injection of an extract of the prostate gland: it 
is destructive to prostatic cells. 
prostatovesiculitis (pros"ta-to-ves-ik-u-li'tis). 
Inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles, 
prosternation (pro-ster-na'shun). See campto- 
cormy. 
prostheon (pros'the-on) [Gr. rrpoaOeuv running for- 
ward], The alveolar point. 
prosthesis (pros'the-sis) [Gr. irpbs to + beats a 
putting], i. The replacement of an absent part 
by an artificial one. 2. An artificial part, such 
as an eye, leg, or denture, dental p., the art of 
supplying missing teeth or parts of teeth by arti- 
ficial substitutes, paraffin p., subcutaneous 
injection of melted paraffin in order to restore the 
natural contour of a part. Sauerbruch's p., an 
artificial limb in which the tissues of the stump 
are used to secure motion. Vanghetti's p., an 
artificial limb with a mechanism similar to Sauer- 
bruch's prosthesis. 
prosthetic (pros-thet'ik). • Pertaining to pros- 
thesis. 
prosthetics (pros-thet'iks). A branch of surgery 
pertaining to artificial organs and parts. 
prosthetist (pros'the-tist). A maker of artificial 
parts; especially a maker of artificial dentures. 
prosthion (pros'the-on) [Gr. rrpbabev before]. The 
alveolar point. 
prosthodontia (pros-tho-don'she-ah) [prosthetic 4- 
Gr. 63ou$ tooth]. Prosthetic dentistry; the art of 
making dental appliances and substitutes, such as 
crowns, bridges, artificial dentures, etc. 
prosthodontist (pros-tho-don'tist). A dentist who 
specializes in prosthodontia. 
prostitution (pros-te-tu'shun). Habitual or pro- 
fessional fornication; promiscuous sexual inter- 
course for hire. 
prostration (pros-tra'shun) [L. prostra'tio], Ex- 
treme exhaustion or powerlessness, electric p., 
a condition due to prolonged exposure to electric 
light, marked by pains in the face, photophobia, 
and pigmentation of the skin, nervous p. Same 
as neurasthenia. 
protagon (pro'tag-on) [Gr. irp&ros first 4- ayetv to 
lead]. A crystalline mass, Cios.HseoNsPOsa, which 
separates from an alcoholic extract of brain sub- 
stance on cooling. It may be a mixture. 
protal (pro'tal) [Gr. irptbros first]. Congenital: 
dating from the origin of life. 
protalbumose (pro-tal'bu-mbs). See protoproteose. 
nrotamin (pro-tam'in) [Gr. Trpwros first + amin]. 
1. Any one of a series of basic proteins of the most 
simple composition occurring in Ibe spermatozoa 
of fish They are strongly basic and yield large 
amounts of diamino-acids. 2. An amin or base, 
C16H32N9O2, from spermatozoa and from fish- 
spawn. 
pro tan (pro'tan). A brown powder, insoluble in 
water and acids, being a combination of tannic acid 
and casein: used as an astringent in diarrhea. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
protanomalopia (pro"tan-om-al-o'pe-ah) [Gr. 
rrpwros first 4- avupaXos irregular + eye]. A 
relative green vision in which more than the normal 
proportion of green is required to equate red to a 
homogeneous yellow. 
protanope (pro'tan-op). A person affected with 
protanopia. 
protanopia (pro-tan-o'pe-ah) [Gr. Trpwros first 4- 
anopia]. Von Kries' term for red-blindness, as 
indicating a defect in the first constituent neces- 
sary for color vision. Cf. deuteranopia and tri- 
tanopia. 
protargentum (pro-tar-jen'turn). A compound of 
gelatin and silver containing 8 per cent, of silver. 
PROTARGENTUM PROTARGOL 
899 
PROTEOMETABOLISM 
protargol (pro-ta/gol). A soluble yellowish pow- 
der of silver and albumose, containing 8 per cent, 
of silver. It is a bactericide and is used in the 
treatment of eye diseases, wounds, and gonorrhea: 
employed for injections in a weak solution. 
Protea (pro'te-ah) [LJ. A genus of trees of many 
species from various wet and warm regions; sev- 
eral species are medicinal, p. juice, a pectoral or 
bechic honey derived from the flowers of various 
species of Protea, as P. mellif'era. 
proteal (pro'te-al). A proprietary vegetable pro- 
tein for hypodermic use. 
protean (pro'te-an). 1. Assuming different shapes; 
changeable in form. 2. An insoluble derivative 
of protein, being the first product of the action of 
water, dilute acids, or enzymes. 
proteantigen (pro-te-an'tij-en). A protein used by 
injection as an antigen; a proteogen. 
protease (pro'te-as). An enzyme or ferment that 
digests proteins. 
protectin (pro-tek'tin). 1. Noguchi's term for a 
substance which develops in blood-serum on 
standing, and having the effect of protecting the 
blood-corpuscles against hemolytic action. 2. 
Thin paper coated on one side with an adhesive 
caoutchouc plaster: used in surgery. 
protective (pro-tek'tiv) [L. proteg'ere to protect]. 
1. Affording defense, immunity, or protection. 2. 
An oiled silk used in surgery for its waterproof 
qualities. 
proteid (pro'te-id) [Gr. irp&Tos first], 1. Same as 
protein. 2. An old and obsolescent name for the 
supposed essential constituent of all proteins; it 
is probably identical with alkali-albumin. bac- 
terial p. See toxin. 
proteidin (pro'te-id-in). An immunizing bacterio- 
lytic substance developed in the organism by a 
combination between a bacteriolytic enzyme and 
any albuminous material, pyocyanase p., the 
proteidin of Bacillus pyocyaneus: used for protec- 
tive inoculation against diphtheria. 
proteidogenous (pro-te-id-oj'en-us). Giving rise 
to or producing proteins. 
protein (pro'te-in) [Gr. irpuros first]. Any one of a 
group of nitrogenized, non-crystallizable com- 
pounds, similar to each other, widely distributed 
in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and form- 
ing the characteristic constituents of the tissues 
and fluids of the animal body. They are essen- 
tially combinations of a-amino acids and their 
derivatives. They are formed by plants, the an- 
imal organism receiving them in food, assim- 
ilating and metamorphosing them. They all 
contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, 
and sulphur. Proteins are coagulable by heat 
and mineral acids, and are insoluble in ether and 
alcohol: their solutions are levorotatory. The fol- 
lowing classification has been recommended: 1. 
Simple proteins, or protein substances that yield 
only a-amino acids or their derivatives on hydro- 
lysis. They are albumins, globulins, glutelins, 
alcohol-soluble proteins, albuminoids, histons, and 
protamins. 2. Conjugated proteins, or those that 
/contain the protein molecule united to some other 
molecule or molecules otherwise than as a salt. 
They are nucleoproteins, glycoproteins, phospho- 
proteins, hemoglobins, lecithoproteins, lipopro- 
teins. 3. Derived proteins, or derivatives of the 
protein molecule formed by hydrolytic changes. 
They are proteans, metaproteins, coagulated pro- 
teins, proteoses, peptones, and peptids. The most 
important members of this group are albumin, cas- 
ein, legumin, fibrin, vegetable fibrin, myosin, syn- 
tonin, gluten, alcohol-soluble p., prolamin, 
bacterial p., a protein formed by the action 
of bacteria upon tissue; a toxalbumin. bac- 
terial cellular p., a protein that forms part 
of the substance of a bacterium. Bence-Jones 
p., a peculiar albuminous substance, found in the 
urine, frequently, but not exclusively, in cases of 
multiple myeloma; formerly called Bence-J ones 
albumose, coagulated p., a protein coagulated 
by boiling or by chemic agents, compound p., a 
protein which on hydrolysis yields a simple protein 
and a non-protein matter, conjugated p. See 
under protein, defensive p. (Hankin), any pro- 
tein formed within the body and serving as a protec- 
tion against disease; any alexin, phylaxin, or sozin. 
derived p. See under protein, floating 
p., a protein which does not constitute part 
of the tissues, but simply circulates in the body 
and is then excreted, halogen p., one of a group 
of protein derivatives produced by the action of free 
halogen on protein solutions, immune p's, pro- 
teins formed by the combination of albuminous 
matters of the body with the enzymes of patho- 
genic bacteria, insoluble p., a substance left 
behind after the other proteins have been extracted 
from a cell, iodized p., a protein treated with 
iodin. protective p. Same as defensive p. pyo- 
cyanic p., a substance prepared by treating the 
Bacilltis pyocyaneus with potassa: used in suppura- 
tion. pyogenic p., the protein portion of a 
bacterium which is the suppuration-producing ele- 
ment of the bacterium, serum p., any protein 
found in the serum of the blood, simple p. See 
under protein, split p. See Vaughan's split prod- 
uct, under product, whole p., protein which has 
not been split up. 
proteinochrome (pro-te-in'o-krom) [protein + 
Gr. xpwjua color]. Any one of a series of color- 
ing-matters formed by the action of bromin or 
chlorin on tryptophane. 
proteinochromogen (pro"te-in-o-kro'mo-jen). 
Same as tryptophane. 
proteinogenous (pro-te-in-oj'en-us). Formed by 
or from a protein. 
proteinol (pro-te'in-ol). A proprietary tonic and 
stimulant food-preparation. 
proteinotherapy (pro-te"in-o-ther'ap-e). Treat- 
ment by the injection of foreign protein on the 
theory that the protein acts as a non-specific 
antigen. 
proteinphobia (pro"te-in-fo'be-ah) [protein + 
Gr. <p6^os fear]. Morbid aversion to protein 
foods. 
proteinum pyocyaneum (pro-te-i'num pi-o-si-a'- 
ne-um). A derivative from cultures of Bacillus 
pyocyaneus: used as an application to ulcers. 
proteinuria (pro"te-in-u're-ah) [protein + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of protein in the 
urine. Bence-Jones p., the presence in the 
urine of Bence-Jones protein. See under protein. 
protektin (pro-tek'tin). Adhesive silk paper im- 
pregnated with india-rubber: used in surgery, etc. 
proteoclastic (pro"te-o-klas'tik) [protein + Gr. 
KXacris breakage]. Splitting up proteins or the 
protein molecule. 
proteogens (pro'te-o-jens). Preparations of plant 
acids, non-specific proteins, enzymes, and chloro- 
phyls: used by injection in the treatment of 
various infections on the theory that they stimulate 
the formation in the body of red and white cor- 
puscles and of antiferments 
proteol (pro'te-ol). An antiseptic dressing-powder 
prepared by treating casein with formic acid. 
proteolipin (pro"te-o-li'pin). A compound lipin 
containing a protein radical. 
proteolysin (pro-te-ol'is-in). A specific substance 
causing proteolysis. 
proteolysis (pro-te-ol'is-is) [protein + Gr. \bais 
solution]. The conversion of proteins into pep- 
tones by the action of ferments. 
proteolytic (pro"te-o-lit'ik). i. Effecting the di- 
gestion of proteins. 2. Any solvent of the proteins. 
proteometabolic (pro"te-o-met-ab-ol'ik). Per- 
taining to proteometabolism. 
proteometabolism (pro"te-o-met-ab'o-lism). The 
metabolism of protein. PROTEOMORPH IC THEORY 
900 
proteomorphic theory (pro-te-o-mor'fik). See 
under theory. 
proteopeptic (pro"te-o-pep'tik). Digesting pro- 
tein; pertaining to the digestion of protein. 
proteopexic (pro"te-o-pek'sik). Fixing protein 
within the organism. 
proteopexy (pro'te-o-pek-se) [protein + Gr. iritis 
fixation]. The fixation of proteins within the 
organism. 
proteose (pro'te-6s) [protein + -ose]. A secondary 
protein derivative, formed by a hydrolytic cleav- 
age of the protein molecule more complete than 
that which occurs with the primary protein deriva- 
tives, but not so complete as that which forms 
amino-acids. The proteoses are soluble in water 
and are not coagulated by heat. The primary 
proteoses are precipitated by half saturation with 
ammonium sulphate, the secondary, by full satura- 
tion. 
proteosoma (pro"te-o-so'mah) [Gr. Upcorevs a 
many-formed deity + a&pa body]. A form of 
parasite (microzobn) from the blood of birds: 
probably concerned in the causation of malarial 
fever in birds. 
proteosomal (pro"te-o-so'mal) Pertaining to or 
caused by proteosoma. 
proteosotherapy (pro"te-o-so-ther'ap-e). Treat- 
ment by the injection of foreign proteose in the 
theory that the proteose acts as a non-specific an- 
tigen in stimulating the development of antibodies 
in the.organism. 
proteosuria (pro-te-o-su're-ah) [proteose 4- Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of proteose in the 
urine; albumosuria. 
proteotherapy (pro"te-o-ther'ap-e). Proteino- 
therapy. 
proteotoxin (pro"te-o-toks'in). Same as anaphyla- 
toxin. 
proteuria (pro-te-u're-ah) [protein + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of a protein in the urine. 
proteuric (pro-te-u'rik). Pertaining to proteuria. 
Proteus (pro'te-us) [L.; Gr. Upwrevs a many- 
formed deity]. A genus of bacterial organisms. 
They are highly pleomorphic, Gram-negative, 
motile rods which produce ameboid colonies on 
moist media. They decompose proteins and car- 
bohydrates rapidly. P. fluores'cens, Jager's 
p., the proteus of acute infectious jaundice. P. 
hom'inis, a species in non-motile rods of various 
size and shape; the specific cause of rag-sorters' dis- 
ease. P. mirab'ilis, a pathogenic species in 
motile rods from putrefying substances and from 
water; it causes a fatal septic poisoning. P. sep'- 
ticus, a pathogenic species from a septic gangrene 
of the colon; in flexile and mobile bacilli, somewhat 
curved. P. sulfu'reus, a species from water, 
in long or short motile rods, often forming long 
filaments or chains: it produces hydrogen sulphid. 
P. vulga'ris, a pathogenic species from the tissues 
in certain cases of putrid infection; also from 
putrefying animal matter, water, meconium, etc.; 
in highly motile rods, often interlaced and twisted. 
Called also Bacillus proteus. P. X19, an aerobic 
Gram-negative bacillus regarded as possibly the 
causative organism of typhus fever. P. zenk'eri, 
a pathogenic species from putrefying animal sub- 
stances in motile rods of various length. 
prothaemin (pro-the'min). A proprietary-prepara- 
tion containing organically combined iron and 
phosphorus: used in anemia, chlorosis, neuras- 
thenia, and general debility. 
prothesis (proth'es-is) [Gr. irpo before + Oems a plac- 
ing], Same as prosthesis. 
prothetic (pro-thet'ik). Same as prosthetic. 
prothrombase (pro-throm'bas). Thrombogen. 
prothrombin (pro-throm'bin) [Gr. irpo before + 
Opbpfios clot]. Same as thrombogen. 
prothyl (pro'thil). Protyl. 
prothymia (pro-thim'e-ah) [Gr. irpo before + 
Ovpos mind). Forwardness or alertness of mind 
and will. 
protiode (pro'ti-od). lodoethylglycin, contains 
about 52 per cent, of iodin. It is used as an iodid. 
protiodid (pro-ti'o-did). That one of the series 
of iodids of the same base which contains the 
smallest amount of iodin. 
Protista (pro-tis'tah) [Gr. irp&riara the very first, 
from irp&ros first]. Haeckel's name for a class 
including the lowest forms of animals and plants, 
protistologist (pro-tis-tol'o-jist). A microbiologist, 
protistology (pro-tis-tol'o-je) [Protista + Xbyos 
treatise]. The science of protista or animal and 
plant microorganisms; microbiology. 
proto- [Gr. irpuros first]. A prefix signifying first. 
proto-actinium (pro"to-ak-tin'e-um). A chem- 
ical element, the parent of actinium. 
proto-albumose (pro-to-al'bu-mos). Same as pro- 
talbumose. 
protoblast (pro'to-blast) [Gr. irp&Tos first + 0Xaa- 
tos germ]. 1. A cell with no cell-wall; an embry- 
onic cell. 2. The nucleus of an ovum. 
protoblastic (pro-to-blas'tik). Pertaining to a 
protoblast. 
protobrochal (pro-to-bro'kal) [Gr. irporos first + 
^poyos mesh]. Term applied to the first stage in 
the development of the ovary. 
protocaryon (pro-to-kar'e-on) [Gr. irporos first + 
Kapvov nucleus]. A cell nucleus formed of a single 
karyosome in a network of linin. 
protochlor id (pro-to-klo'rid). That one of a series 
of chlorids of the same element which contains 
the least chlorin. 
protochrome (pro'to-krom). A substance derived 
from proteins giving reactions identical with uro- 
chrome. 
protocol (pro'to-kol). A written statement of the 
history and treatment of any particular case, 
especially one made for a medicolegal purpose. 
protocurarin (pro"to-ku-rar'in). A poisonous 
alkaloid derived from curare. 
proto-elastose (pro"to-e-las'tos). Hemielastin, a 
product of the digestion of elastin. 
proto-erythrocyte (pro-to-er-ith'ro-sit). An 
erythroblast with deeply staining nucleus. 
protogala (pro-tog'al-ah) [Gr. irp&ros first + 
yaXa milk]. Colostrum. 
protogaster (pro'to-gas-ter) [Gr. Trpwros first + 
yaar-qp stomach]. Same as foregut. 
protogen (pro'to-jen). 1. Any albuminoid sub- 
stance whose aqueous solution does not coagu- 
late when heated. 2. A food and therapeutic 
agent derived by the action of formaldehyd upon 
egg- or serum-albumin. 
protoglobulose (pro-to-glob'u-los). Any albu- 
mose produced in the digestion of globulin. 
protogonocyte (pro-to-go'no-sit). [Gr. irpwros 
first + gonocyte], One of the two cells resulting 
from division of the impregnated ovum. 
protogonoplasm (pro-to-go'no-plazm) [Gr. irpcbros 
first + ywvq seed + TrXdapa plasm]. That part 
of the extranuclear chromatin of a cell that is 
concerned in the reproductive energies of the cell. 
This substance is also called idiochromidia. 
protohematoblast (pro-to-hem'at-o-blast) (Gr. 
irpoiros first + hematoblast]. A cell derived from a 
bone-marrow cell which develops into a red blood- 
corpuscle. 
protoiodid (pro-to-i'o-did). Same as protiodid. 
protoleukocyte (pro-to-lu'ko-sit) [Gr. irporos first 
+ leukocyte]. A small lymphoid cell seen in red 
bone-marrow and the spleen. 
protomedicus (pro-to-med'ik-us). A medieval 
term for physician in chief. 
protomerite (pro-to-me'rit) [Gr. irpwros first + 
pepos portion]. The anterior portion of certain 
PROTOMERITE PROTOMETER 
901 
PROTUBERANCE 
gregarine protozoa: called also primite. Cf. 
deutomerite. 
protometer (pro-tom'et-er) [L. pro forward + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the forward protrusion of the eyeball. 
protometrocyte (pro-to-me'tro-sit) [Gr. irp&ros 
first + metrocyte]. The mother-cell of the leuko- 
cyte and erythrocyte series of cells. 
Protomonadina (pro"to-mon-ad'in-ah). An order 
• of Flagellata the members of which have less than 
three flagella. It includes the trypanosomes and 
Leishmania. 
protomyosinose (pro"to-mi-o'sin-6s). One of the 
two albumoses formed in the digestion of myosin. 
proton (pro'ton) [Gr. irpuros first]. 1. The primi- 
tive rudiment of a part; an anlage. 2. A pep- 
tone-like body formed by the hydrolysis of a prot- 
amin; a tripeptid. 3. The unit of positive elec- 
tricity being equivalent to the electron in charge 
and to the hydrogen ion in mass. 
protonephron, protonephros (pro-to-nef'ron, 
pro-to-nef'ros) [Gr. ttp&tos first + ve<ppbs kidney]. 
The primitive excretory organ of the embryo; the 
pronephros, metanephros, and mesonephros to- 
gether. 
protoneuron (pro-to-nu'ron) [Gr. ttp&tos first + 
vevpov nerve]. A neuron of the first order or 
one which connects a sense-organ with the central 
nervous system. See peripheral sensory neuron, 
under neuron. 
protonic (pro-ton'ik). Pertaining to a proton or 
anlage. 
protonitrate (pro-to-ni'trat). That one of several 
nitrates of the same base which contains the least 
nitric acid. 
protonuclein (pro-to-nu'kle-in). A proprietary 
restorative serum remedy, CjaH^N^PjOjo, ob- 
tained from the lymphoid tissues of animals, and 
used in various wasting diseases. 
protopathic (pro-to-path'ik) [Gr. tt poor os first + 
ira0os disease]. Primary; idiopathic, p. sen- 
sibility. See under sensibility. 
protophyllin (pro-to-fil'in). Chlorophyl hydrid, 
a colorless substance which is changed into chloro- 
phyl by the action of air or carbon dioxid. 
Protophyta (pro-tof'it-ah) [protophyte], A group 
of the vegetable kingdom, including the lowest 
and simplest plants, such as the bacteria. 
protophyte (pro'to-flt) [Gr. irpwros first + <pvrbv 
plant]. Any unicellular plant or vegetable organ- 
ism. 
protopin (pro'to-pin). An alkaloid, C2oH19N05, 
from Eschscholt' zia califor'nica: anodyne and 
hypnotic. Dose, 40-100 gr. (2.5-7 gm.). 
protoplasm (pro'to-plazm) [Gr. Trpwros first + 
irKdapa plasm]. The only known form of matter 
in which life is manifested. It is usually a viscid, 
translucent, colloid holding fine granules in sus- 
pension and it makes up the essential material of 
all plant and animal cells (Purkinje, 1839). It 
is composed mainly of proteins, and under the 
microscope is seen to consist of a network (spongio- 
plasm) containing a fluid matter (hyaloplasm) in 
the meshes, functional p. See kinoplasm. 
protoplasmatic (pro"to-plaz-mat'ik). Same as 
protoplasmic. 
protoplasmic (pro-to-plaz'mik). Pertaining to or 
consisting of protoplasm. 
protoplast (pro'to-plast) [Gr. tt pair os first + irbaa- 
ros formed]. 1. Protoplasm. 2. An embryonic 
cell or other primary formation. 
protoproteose (pro-to-pro'te-bs). One of the 
products of the gastric digestion of a protein. It is 
that portion of the proteose that is precipitated by 
half saturation with (NH4)2SO4- Called also 
primary proteose. 
pro topsis (pro-top'sis). Protrusion of the eye. 
protosal (pro'to-sal). A colorless oily fluid, the 
salicylic glycerol formal ester, CH2O.OC.CsH4- 
(OH)CHO.CH2.O.CH2: used as an antirheumatic. 
protosalt (pro'to-sawlt). That one of a series of 
salts of the same base which contains the smallest 
amount of the substance combining with the base. 
protose (pro'tbs). A proprietary food-preparation 
of vegetable origin. 
protospasm (pro'to-spazm) [Gr. Trpwros first + 
airaapos spasm]. A spasm which begins in a 
limited area and extends to other parts; the earlier 
and minor spasm of jacksonian epilepsy. 
protostoma (pro-to-sto'mah). See blastopore. 
protosulphate (pro-to-sul'fat). That one of sev- 
eral sulphates of the same base which contains 
the least amount of sulphuric acid. 
protosyphilis (pro-to-sif'il-is). Primary syphilis. 
prototoxin (pro-to-toks'in) [Gr. irp&ros first + 
toxin]. That portion or constituent of a toxin which 
has the greatest combining capacity for the anti- 
toxin. See deuterotoxin, hematotoxin, tritotoxin. 
pro to toxoid (pro-to-tok'soid). A toxoid which has 
greater affinity for the corresponding antitoxin 
than the toxin itself. 
prototrophic (pro-to-trof'ik) [Gr. ttp&tos first 
+ Tpoipij nutrition]. Deriving food from inor- 
ganic substances. Cf. metatrophic and paratrophic. 
prototype (pro'to-tip) [Gr. ttp&tos first + tvttos 
type]. The original type or form after which 
others are developed. 
protovertebra (pro-to-ver'te-brah). Same as 
somite. 
protoxeoid (pro-toks'e-oid). Protoxoid. 
protoxid (pro-toks'id). That one of a series of 
oxids of the same metal which contains the smallest 
amount of oxygen. 
protoxoid (pro-toks'oid). Any toxoid which has a 
greater affinity for the antitoxin than that of the 
toxin. See toxoid. 
Protozoa (pro-to-zo'ah), pl. of protozo'dn [Gr. irpw- 
ros first + ^ov animal]. A class of unicellular 
animal organisms, forming the lowest division of 
the animal kingdom. 
protozoacide (pro-to-zo'as-id). Destructive to 
protozoa; also any agent destructive to protozoa. 
protozo-agglutinin (pro"to-zo-ag-lu'tin-in). An 
agglutinin formed in the blood in protozoal infec- 
tions which has the power of agglutinating the in- 
fecting protozoa 
protozoal (pro-to-zo'al). Pertaining to or caused 
by protozoa. 
protozoan (pro-to-zo'an). Any species or organ- 
ism of the protozoa: used also adjectively. p. 
test. See under test. 
protozoology (pro"to-zu-ol'o-je). The study of 
protozoa. 
protozoon (pro-to-zu'on), pl. protozoa. A primitive 
organism consisting of a single cell; a protozoan; a 
unicellular organism. 
protozobphag, protozoophage (pro-to-zo'o-fag, 
-faj) [protozoa + Gr. <pa.yeiv to eat]. A cell which 
has a phagocytic action on protozoa. 
protractor (pro-trak'tor) [L. pro forward + tra'- 
here to draw]. An instrument for drawing bullets 
or bits of bone from wounds. 
protrypsin (pro-trip'sin). A substance convertible 
into trypsin and believed by some to be a prod- 
uct of the spleen. 
protuberance (pro-tu'ber-ans) [L. pro forth + 
tu'ber bulge], A projecting part; an apophysis, 
process, or swelling, external occipital p., a 
prominence at the center of the outer surface of 
the squamous portion of the occipital bone which 
gives attachment to the ligamentum nucha:, in- 
ternal occipital p., a projection at the center 
of the inner surface of the occipital bone, laryn- geal p., the Adam's apple, mental p., the 
mental process. See process. 
protuberantia (pro-tu-ber-an'she-ah) [L.]. Pro- 
tuberance. 
protyl, protyle (pro'til) [Gr. ttp&tos first + vXn 
principle], A theoretic substance from which all 
the chemic elements have been supposed to be 
derived. 
protylin (pro'til-in). A white, tasteless powder, 
insoluble in water, and containing 2.7 per cent, 
of phosphorus combined with natural albumin; 
it is used in goiter, Graves' disease, rickets, osteo- 
malacia, etc. 
proud flesh (prowd). An exuberant mass of fun- 
gous granulations. 
pro vertebra (pro-ver'te-brah). Same as somite. 
proving (proo'ving). A homeopathic test of the 
effects of a drug. 
provisional (pro-vizh'un-al). Formed or per- 
formed for temporary purposes; temporary; as, 
provisional callus, provisional canthoplasty. 
Prowazek's bodies (pro'wah-zeks) [Stanislas Josef 
Mathias von Prowazek, zoologist in Hamburg, 
1876-1915]. See trachoma bodies, under body. 
Prowazekella (pro-wah-ze-kel'ah). Prowazekia. 
Prowazekia (pro-wa-zek'e-ah). A genus of flagel- 
late organisms having two nuclei and two flagella. 
They are found in the feces and urine of man, but 
are not known to be pathogenic. 
prowazekiasis (pro-wah-zek-i'as-is). Infestation 
with Prowazekia. 
proximad (prok'sim-ad). Toward the proximal 
end or in a proximal direction; the reverse of 
distad. 
proximal (prok'sim-al) [L. prox'imus next]. Nearest 
the trunk center or median line; opposed to 
distal. 
proximate (prok'sim-at) [L. proxima'tus drawn 
near]. Immediate or nearest. 
proximo-ataxia (proks"im-o-at-ak'se-ah). Ataxia 
affecting the proximal part of an extremity, as the 
arm, forearm, thigh, or leg. Cf. acro-ataxia. 
prozonal (pro'zo-nal) [pro- + zone]. Situated 
before a sclerozone. 
prozone (pro'zon). The more concentrated portion 
of serum in which agglutination does not take place. 
prozygosis (pro-zi-go'sis). Same as syncephaly. 
prozymogen (pro-zi'mo-jen). Same as prezymogen. 
prual (pru'al). A very violent poison from the 
root of Coptosapel'ta flaves'cens. 
prune (prun) [L. pru'num]. The dried fruit of 
various varieties of Pru'nus domes'tica, or plum. 
prune-juice expectoration (prun'jus). See ex- 
pectoration and pneumonia, croupous. 
prunin (pru'nin). A concentration prepared from 
Pru'nus sero'tina: used in thoracic and nervous 
diseases. Dose, 2-3 gr. (0.132-0.195 gm.). 
prunoids (pru'noids). Proprietary laxative tablets, 
containing prunes, phenolphthalein, and cascara 
sagrada. 
prunol (pru'nol). A preparation of ammonium 
chlorid, senega, and heroin: used for coughs. 
prunum (pru'num). Latin for prune. 
Prunus (pru'nus) [L. " plum-tree "]. A genus of 
rosaceous trees and shrubs, including the plums, 
cherries and sloes. P. amyg'dala. See 
almond. P. spino'sa, a species of plum and 
its homeopathic preparation: the sloe, or black- 
thorn. P. virginia'na. 1. The choke- 
cherry of North America: its bark has sedative 
qualities and its fruit is highly astringent. 2. 
The pharmaceutic name of the bark of Pru'nus 
scrollina, or wild cherry. It is used as a nervous 
sedative and expectorant in gastric weakness, 
general irritability, and coughs. Dose, |-i dr. 
(i-95-3-8 gm.); of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 
c.c.); of syrup, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.). 
PROTUBERANTIA 
902 
PSEUDACOUSMA 
pruriginous (pru-rij'in-us). Of the nature of 
prurigo. 
prurigo (pru-ri'go) [L.]. A chronic skin disease 
marked by the development of small, pale papules 
and intense itching. The papules are deep-seated, 
and the disease begins in childhood and lasts 
through life, being usually incurable, p. sestiva'- 
lis, summer prurigo: a severe relapsing, bullous 
eruption, occurring in warm weather only. p. 
a'gria, an extremely severe form of prurigo, 
diathetic p., any prurigo which is so completely 
established as to constitute a diathesis, p. 
fe'rox, a form characterized by intense itching, 
large papules, and swollen lymph-glands: an in- 
curable and mainly congenital form. Hebra's 
p., true or typical prurigo. Hutchinson's p., 
the prurigo of dentition, p. mi'tis, prurigo of a 
mild type. p. nodulaTis, a condition marked 
by the formation on the skin of multiple tumors, 
accompanied by intense itching, p. simplex, 
a relatively mild form characterized by crops of 
papules having a tendency to cyclic recurrence. 
pruritic (pru-rit'ik). Pertaining to pruritus. 
pruritus (pru-ri'tus) [L. from pruri're to itch]. 
Intense itching. It is a symptom of various 
skin diseases, and may occur idiopathically as a 
neurosis, p. a'ni, intense itching at the anus, 
bath-p. See bath-itch, under itch. Duhring's 
p., pruritus hiemalis. essential p., pruritus 
which cannot be attributed to any skin disease, p. 
hiemaTis, winter-itch: a skin disease peculiar to 
cold weather. It is unconnected with structural 
lesions, p. seni'lis, a neurotic itching in the 
aged, due to degeneration in the skin, sympto- 
matic p., itching which is symptomatic of some 
other general disease, p. vul'vae, a disease 
consisting of intense itching of the external genitals 
of the female. 
Prussak's fibers, space (proos'ahks) [Alexander 
Prussak, Russian otologist, 1839-1897]. See fiber, 
space. 
Prussian-blue (prush'un-blu). Ferric ferrocy- 
anid, Fe4(FeCy6)3 = Fe43Fe(CN)6. 
prussiate (proo'she-at). Same as cyanid. 
prussic acid (proo'sik). See hydrocyanic acid, 
under acid. 
psalis (sa'lis) [Gr. ^aXls arch]. The fornix of the 
cerebrum. 
psalterial (sal-te're-al). Pertaining to the psalte- 
rium. 
psalterium (sal-te're-um) [L.; Gr. \pa.\rr]pLov harp]. 
Same as lyra. 
psammocarcinoma (sam"o-kar-sin-o'mah) [Gr. 
fappas sand + carcinoma]. Carcinoma contain- 
ing calcareous matter. 
psammoma (sam-o'mah) [Gr. xfappos sand]. A 
small, hard, fibrous tumor of the brain tissue, 
especially of the dura mater and choroid plexus, 
containing calcareous matter or brain-sand. 
Sometimes called Virchow's p. 
psammosarcoma (sam"o-sar-ko'mah) [Gr. tfappos 
sand + sarcoma], A sarcoma containing a sandy 
deposit. 
psammotherapy (sam-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. fappos 
sand + OepaTrela treatment]. Same as ammo- 
therapy. 
psammous (sam'us) [Gr. fappos sand]. Sandy. 
pselaphesia, pselaphesis (sel-af-e'ze-ah, sel-af- 
e'sis) [Gr. \pr)\a.<pr)tns touching]. The tactile 
sense. 
psellism (sel'izm) [Gr. ypeWurpa stammer]. Stam- 
mering or stuttering. 
pseudaconitin (su-dak-on'it-in) [Gr. \fevbris false 
+ aconitin], A crystalline alkaloid, C36H49NOI2, 
from A coni'turn fe'rox. 
pseudacousis (su-dak-oo'sis) [Gr. false + 
aKovats hearing]. Same as pseudacousma. 
pseudacousma (su-dak-ooz'mah) [Gr. 
false + a.Kov<rpa thing heard]. A subjective sensation as if sounds were altered in pitch and 
quality. 
pseudacromegaly (su-dak-ro-meg'al-e). En- 
largement of the features and extremities without 
disease of the pituitary body. 
pseudactinomycosis (su-dak"tin-o-mi-ko'sis). 
Pseudo-actinomycosis. 
pseudagraphia (su-dag-ra'fe-ah). Pseudo-agra- 
phia. 
pseudalbuminuria (su"dal-bu-min-u're-ah). Pseu- 
do-albuminuria. 
pseudangina (su-dan'jin-ah). See pseudo-angina. 
pseudankylosis (su"dang-kil-o'sis). A false anky- 
losis. 
pseudaphia (su-da'fe-ah) [Gr. xpev8rjs false + 
aw touch]. Defect in the power of perceiving 
touch. 
pseudarrhenia (su-dar-e'ne-ah). Female pseudo- 
hermaphroditism. 
pseudarthritis (su-dar-thri'tis) [Gr. xpev8r]s false 
+ ap9 plrcs gout]. A hysteric affection of the 
joints. 
pseudarthrosis (su-dar-thro'sis) [Gr. xpev8rjs false 
+ apOpimris joint]. A false joint, as that some- 
times seen following a fracture. 
pseudelminth (su-del'minth) [Gr. \pev8rjs false + 
eXpivs worm]. A structure or object that resem- 
bles an endoparasitic worm. 
pseudencephalus (su-den-sef'al-us) [Gr. xpev8r)s 
false + 'eyKtipaXos brain]. A monster-fetus with 
a vascular tumor in place of the brain. 
pseudesthesia, pseudsesthesia (su-des-the'ze- 
ah) [Gr. xpevbrjs false + aladpais sensation]. , Any 
imaginary sensation; a sensation which is felt 
without any external stimulus, or a sensation which 
does not correspond to the stimulus that causes it. 
pseudinoma (su-din-o'mah) [Gr. xpevbrjs false + 
-a>pa tumor], A spurious or phantom tumor. 
pseudiphtheritic (su"dif-the-rit'ik). Simulating 
diphtheria. 
pseudo- [Gr. xpevbrjs false]. A prefix signifying 
false or spurious. 
pseudo-aconitin (su"do-ak-on'it-in). Pseudac- 
onitin. 
pseudo-acromegaly (su"do-ak-ro-meg'al-e). A 
condition resembling acromegaly: probably a 
result of syringomyelia or of syphilitic poisoning. 
pseudo-actinomycosis (su"do-ak"tin-o-mi-ko'- 
sis) [Gr. xpevbrjs false + actinomycosis]. A variety 
of pulmonary phthisis in which the sputum con- 
tains crystalline bodies that resemble the grains 
of actinomycosis; nocardiosis. 
pseudo-agraphia (su"do-ag-ra'fe-ah). A condi- 
tion in which the patient can copy writing, but 
cannot write except in a meaningless and illegi- 
ble manner. 
pseudo-albuminuria (su"do-al-bu-min-u're-ah). 
Cyclic albuminuria. See albuminuria. 
pseudo-alveolar (su"do-al-ve'o-lar). Simulating 
an alveolar structure. 
pseudo-anemia (su"do-an-e'me-ah) [Gr. xpevbrjs 
false + anemia], Marked pallor with no clinical 
or other evidence of anemia. 
pseudo-angina (su-do-an'jin-ah) [Gr. xpevbrjs false 
+ angina]. False angina; a nervous disorder that 
simulates angina. It is attended with pain similar 
to that of angina, but less severe, and without 
structural lesion of the heart. It is seen in neurotic 
women. Called also hysteric angina and cardio- 
neurosis. 
pseudo-ankylosis (su"do-ang-kil-o'sis). A false 
ankylosis. 
pseudo-anorexia (su"do-an-o-reks'e-ah) [Gr. xpev- 
brjs false + anorexia], The rejection of food on ac- 
count of the distress it causes. 
pseudo-apoplexy (su-do-ap'o-pleks-e) [Gr. 
false + apoplexy]. A condition resembling apo- 
plexy, but without cerebral hemorrhage. 
PSEUDACROMEGALY 
903 
pseudo-appendicitis (su"do-ap-en-dis-i'tis). A 
condition with symptoms simulating appendi- 
citis, sometimes hysteric and sometimes of syph- 
ilitic origin, but without affection of the appen- 
dix. p. zooparasit'ica, a condition in which 
parasites are present in the vermiform appendix. 
pseudo-apraxia (su"do-ap-raks'e-ah) [Gr. 
false + apraxia]. A condition of complete general 
incoherence in which the patient uses everything 
wrongly. 
pseudo-arthrosis (su"do-ar-thro'sis). Same as 
pseudarthrosis. 
pseudo-asthma (su-do-as'mah).. Dyspnea. 
pseudo-ataxia (su"do-at-aks'e-ah) [Gr. i/'tvSijs 
false + ataxia]. A condition of complete general 
incoordination in which the patient exhibits in- 
coordination and ataxic symptoms. See pseudo- 
tabes. 
pseudobacillus (su"do-bas-il'us). An exceed- 
ingly small, rod-like poikilocyte, resembling a 
microorganism. 
pseudobacterium (su"do-bak-te're-um) [Gr. i^eu- 
617s false + 0aKrripiop stick]. A cell that re- 
sembles a bacterium: a pseudobacillus. 
pseudobasedo.w (su-do-bas'e-dow). See base- 
doid. 
pseudoblepsis (su-do-blep'sis) [Gr. ^ev6ns false + 
0XexpLs sight]. A condition in which objects ap- 
pear different from what they really are. 
pseudobulbar (su-do-bul'bar). Apparently, but 
not really, due to a bulbar lesion. 
pseudocartilaginous (su"do-kar-til-aj'in-us). 
Composed of a substance resembling cartilage, 
morbid or otherwise. 
pseudocast (su'do-kast). A false cast; a form of 
urinary sediment resembling true casts, but being 
accidental formations, taking the shape of casts by 
adherence to mucous threads, cotton fibers, etc. 
pseudocele, pseudocoele (su'do-sel) [Gr. xpevSys 
false + KocXia hollow]. The fifth ventricle of the 
brain. 
pseudocephalocele (su-do-sef'al-o-sel). A hernia 
of the brain not congenital, but due to disease or 
injury of the skull. 
pseudocerebrin (su-do-ser'e-brin). A compound, 
C44H93NOg, formed by the action of baryta on 
protagon. 
pseudochalazion (su"do-kal-a'ze-on) [Gr. xpevSrjs 
false + chalazion]. An eye lesion resembling a 
chalazion: it may be sarcomatous or syphilitic. 
pseudochancre (su-do-shang'ker). An indurated 
sore resembling or simulating chancre. 
pseudochorea (su"do-ko-re'ah) [Gr. xpevbrjs false + 
chorea], A condition of complete general in- 
coordination, with symptoms like those of chorea. 
pseudochromesthesia (su"do-kro-mes-the'ze-ah) 
[Gr. xpevSrjs false + xPpMa color + aia^ais sensa- 
tion]. A condition in which sounds induce a 
sensation as of color; color-hearing. 
pseudochromidrosis (su"do-kro-mid-ro'sis) [Gr. 
^evbris false + chromidrosis], Sweating with the 
presence on the skin of pigment due to the action 
of bacteria. 
pseudochromosome (su"do-kro'mo-sbm). Same 
as chondromite. 
pseudochylous (su-do-ki'lus). Resembling chyle, 
but containing no fat. 
pseudocirrhosis (su"do-sir-o'sis) [Gr. xpevbrjs false 
+ cirrhosis]. Apparent cirrhosis of the liver, 
often due to pericarditis, pericarditic p. See 
Pick's syndrome, under syndrome. 
pseudocodein (su-do-ko'de-in). A hypnotic agent, 
C1SH21NO„ resembling codein, but less effective. 
pseudocoele (su'do-sel). See pseudocele. 
pseudocolloid (su-do-kol'oid). A mucoid some- 
times found in ovarian cysts. 
pseudocoloboma (su"do-kol-o-bo'mah). A line or 
scar on the iris giving the appearance of a coloboma. 
PSEUDOCOLOBOMA pseudoconjugation (su-do-kon-ju-ga'shun). A 
stage in certain forms of protozoan development in 
which the two gametocytes instead of actually 
undergoing conjugation, become inclosed together 
within one common cyst wall. 
pseudocoxalgia (su"do-kok-sal'je-ah). Same as 
osteochondritis deformans juvenilis. 
pseudocrisis (su-dok'ris-is) [Gr. ypevSqs false + 
Kplais crisis]. A false crisis; a sudden but tem- 
porary abatement of febrile symptoms. 
pseudocroup (su"do-kroop'). Laryngismus strid- 
ulus; also thymic asthma. 
pseudocyesis (su"do-si-e'sis) [Gr. ypevS-qs false 4- 
KUT/ais pregnancy]. Spurious or false pregnancy. 
pseudocylindroid (su"do-sil-in'droid) [Gr. ypev8qs 
false + cylindroid}. A shred of mucin in the 
urine resembling a cylindroid: sometimes of sper- 
matic origin. 
pseudocyst (su'do-sist) [Gr. ypev8qs false + cyst]. 
An abnormal or dilated space resembling a cyst. 
pseudodementia (su"do-de-men'she-ah) [Gr. 
ypevSqs false + dementia]. An extreme condition 
of general apathy simulating dementia, but with 
no actual defect of intelligence. 
pseudodiastolic (su//do-di-as-tol'ik). Apparently 
but not truly diastolic. 
pseudodiphtheria (su"do dif-the're-ah) [Gr. ypev- 
8qs false + diphtheria], A sort of diphtheria in 
which there is developed a false membrane not 
due to the Klebs-Lbfller bacillus. 
pseudodysentery (su-do-dis'en-ter-e). A condi- 
tion marked by the symptoms of dysentery, but 
due to some local irritation and not to the organ- 
isms of dysentery. 
pseudo-edema, pseudo-oedema (su"do-e-de'- 
mah). A puffy state resembling edema. 
pseudo-embryonic (su"do-em-bre-on'ik). Appar- 
ently, but not truly, embryonic. 
pseudo-emphysema (su"do-em-fiz-e'mah). A 
condition resembling emphysema, but due to tem- 
porary blocking of the bronchial tubes. 
pseudo-encephalitis (su"do-en-sef-al-i'tis). A 
state resembling encephalitis, but due to colliqua- 
tive diarrhea. 
pseudo-endometritis (su"do-en-do-met-ri'tis). A 
condition simulating endometritis, in which there 
are changes in the blood-vessels, hyperplasia of 
the stroma and glands, and atrophy. 
pseudo-ephedrin (su-do-ef'ed-rin). A mydriatic 
alkaloid, C10H15NO, in fragrant needles from 
certain species of Ephedra. 
pseudo-erysipelas (su"do-er-is-ip'el-as). An in- 
flammatory subcutaneous disease resembling ery- 
sipelas. 
pseudo-esthesia (su"do-es-the'ze-ah). Same as 
pseudesthesia. 
pseudo-exophoria (su"do-eks-o-fo're-ah). An 
outward tendency of the visual axis excited by 
diminishing the activity of the accommodative 
centers. 
pseudo-exposure (su-do-ex-po'zhur). A condition 
in which dental caries has progressed so far as 
nearly, but not quite, to expose the pulp. 
pseudofarcy (su'do-far-se). See lymphangitis epi- 
zodtica. 
pseudofever (su-do-fe'ver). A condition of bodily 
temperature above normal without any discover- 
able cause. 
pseudofibrin (su-do-fi'brin). Parafibrinogen. 
pseudoflagellata (su"do-flaj-el-a'tah). The ter- 
tian parasites in one of their stages: probably 
gametes. 
pseudofluctuation (su"do-fluk-chu-a'shun). A 
tremor resembling fluctuation, such as is some- 
times seen on tapping lipomata. 
pseudofracture (su-do-frakt'ur). A spontaneous 
fracture. See fracture. 
PSEUDOCONJUGATION 
904 
pseudoganglion (su-do-gan'gle-on) [Gr. 
false + yayyXiov ganglion]. A thickening of a 
nerve simulating a ganglion. Bochdalek's p. 
See Bochdalek's ganglion, under ganglion. Clo- 
quet's p. Same as Cloquet's ganglion. Val- 
entin's p. See Valentin's ganglion, under gan- 
glion. 
pseudogeusesthesia, pseudogeussesthesia 
(su"do-gu-ses-the'zhe-ah) [Gr. false + 
yevacs taste + aiaOqais feeling], A condition in 
which sensations of taste are accompanied by sensa- 
tions as of color. 
pseudogeusia (su-do-ju'se-ah) [Gr. false 
+ y evens taste]. A sensation of taste without 
external stimulus to produce it. 
pseudoglanders (su-do-glan'derz). See lymphan- 
gitis ulcerosa. 
pseudoglioma (su-do-gli-o'mah) [Gr. ypev8qs false 
+ glioma], An exudate in the vitreous simulating 
glioma of the retina. It is caused by iridochoroidi- 
tis. 
pseudoglobulin (su-do-glob'u-lin). One of the 
two proteins (the other being euglobulin) of 
which globulin consists. It is characterized by 
not being precipitated by dialysis. 
pseudoglottis (su-do-glot'is) [Gr. ypevSrjs false + 
glottis]. The aperture between the false vocal 
cords. 
pseudoglucosazone (su"do-glu-ko-sa'zon). A 
crystalline substance sometimes developed in nor- 
mal urine in testing for sugar. 
pseudogonococcus (su"do-gon-o-kok'us). A 
name given to certain microbes capable of pro- 
ducing urethral irritation. 
pseudogonorrhea (su"do-gon-or-e'ah) [Gr. ypevSys 
false + gonorrhea]. Non-specific urethritis. 
pseudohallucination (su"do-hal-oo-sin-a'shun). 
A hallucination brought about by the exercise of 
memory and imagination. 
pseudohemoglobin (su-do-hem-o-glo'bin). A 
compound of hemoglobin once thought to exist. 
pseudohemoptysis (su"do-he-mop'tis-is). Spit- 
ting of blood which comes from some other source 
than the lungs or bronchial tubes. 
pseudohermaphroditism (su"do-her-maf'rod-it- 
izm). Spurious hermaphroditism. 
pseudohernia (su-do-her'ne-ah). An inflamed sac 
or gland simulating strangulated hernia. 
pseudoheterotopia (su"do-het-er-o-to'pe-ah). 
Displacement of gray or white matter of the brain 
or cord, produced by unskilful manipulation in 
the autopsy. 
pseudohydronephrosis (su"do-hi"dro-nef-ro'sis). 
A paranephric cyst. 
pseudohydrophobia (su"do-hi-dro-fo'be-ah). See 
Aujeszky's disease, under disease. 
pseudohyoscyamin (su"do-hi-os-i'am-in). An 
alkaloid, C17H23NO3, from Duboi'sia myoporoi'- 
des: antispasmodic and sedative. Hypodermic 
dose, gr. (0.0005-0.006 gm.). 
pseudohypertrophic (su"do-hi-per-trof'ik). Char- 
acterized by apparent, but not real, hypertrophy. 
pseudohypertrophy (su"do-hi-per'tro-fe). False 
hypertrophy; increase of size without true hyper- 
trophy. muscular p., pseudohypertrophic par- 
alysis. See paralysis. 
pseudo-icterus (su-do-ik'ter-us). Pseudojaundice, 
pseudo-ileus (su-do-il'e-us). An attack resembling 
ileus, but due to paralysis of the bowels. 
pseudo-influenza (su"do-in-flu-en'zah). An af- 
fection resembling influenza, and due to a bacil- 
lus resembling, but not identical with, that of 
true influenza. The name is also given to epidemic 
grippe. 
pseudo-ion (su-do-i'on). One of the electrically 
charged particles of a colloidal solution. 
pseudo-isochromatic (su"do-i-so-kro-mat'ik). 
Seemingly of the same color throughout: ap- 
PSEUDO-ISOCHROMATIC plied to solutions for testing color-blindness, 
containing two pigments which will be distin- 
guished by the normal eye, but not by the color- 
blind. Cf. anisochromatic. 
pseudojaundice (su-do-jawn'dis). Skin discolor- 
ation caused by blood-changes and not due to 
liver disease. 
pseudoleukemia, pseudoleuksemia (su"do-lu- 
ke'me-ah). A term used for a group of conditions 
resembling one another in showing enlargement of 
the lymph-glands and in characteristics which 
resemble the conditions present in leukemia. The 
term includes aleukemic lymphadenosis, aleukemic 
myelosis, Hodgkin's disease, and tuberculosis and 
syphilis of the lymph-glands, p. cu'tis, pseudo- 
leukemia with the development of skin-lesions, 
infantile p., anemia in young children, usually 
without much leukocytosis, and due to rachitic 
tendencies. Called also von Jaksch's disease, p. 
lymphat'ica, non-splenic leukemia, a state asso- 
ciated with Hodgkin's disease and also with lymph- 
omatous tumors of the kidneys and intestines in 
children, myelogenous p., myelomatosis. 
pseudoleukocythemia (su"do-lu-ko-si-the'me- 
ah). Same as pseudoleukemia. 
Pseudolimax (su-do-li'max). See lodamoeba 
buetschlii. 
pseudolipoma (su"do-lip-o'mah). Localized 
edema simulating lipoma. They occur in hysteria 
and certain lesions of the nervous system. Called 
also neuropathic edema. 
pseudologia, pseudology (su-do-lo'je-ah, su- 
dol'o-je) [Gr. xpevdifs false + \byos discourse]. 
The writing of anonymous letters to people of 
prominence, to one's self, etc. 
pseudo lupus (su-do-lu'pus). A disease which 
closely simulates lupus: believed to be due to 
the presence of an oidium. 
pseudoluxation (su-do-luk-sa'shun). Partial 
dislocation of a bone. 
pseudo lymphocyte (su-do-lim'fo-sit). A leuko- 
cyte resembling a small lymphocyte, and having a 
nucleus that stains deeply and is inclosed by a layer 
of protoplasm which contains neutrophil granules. 
pseudolyssa (su-do-lis'ah). Lyssophobia. 
pseudomalaria (su"do-mal-a're-ah). A disease 
resembling malaria in its symptoms, but due to 
toxic metabolites or ptomains. 
pseudomamma (su-do-mam'ah). A structure 
resembling a nipple, or even a complete mamma, 
sometimes found in ovarian dermoids. 
pseudomania (su-do-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. xpevbrjs false + 
fiavla madness]. 1. False or pretended madness. 
2. Insanity in which the patient accuses himself 
of crimes which he has not committed. 
pseudomasturbation (su"do-mas-tur-ba'shun). 
See peotillomania. 
pseudomegacolon (su"do-meg'ah-ko-lon). Dila- 
tation of the colon in adults. Cf. megacolon. 
pseudomelanosis (su"do-mel-an-o'sis) [Gr. 
false + melanosis]. A staining of the tissue after 
death with pigments from the blood. 
pseudomembrane (su-do-mem'bran). A false 
membrane. See membrane. 
pseudomembranous (su-do-mem'bra-nus). 
Marked by or pertaining to false membrane. 
pseudo-Menidre's disease. A middle-ear disease 
with vertigo. 
pseudomeningitis (su"do-men-in-ji'tis). Pial in- 
flammation with symptoms resembling menin- 
gitis. 
pseudometaplasia (su''do-met-ah-pla'se-ah) [Gr. 
false + metaplasia]. Histologic accommo- 
dation. 
pseudomnesia (su-dom-ne'zhe-ah) [Gr. xpev5r/s false 
+ fivijais memory]. A condition in which the 
patient seems to remember things which have 
never occurred. 
PSEUDOJAUNDICE 
905 
Pseudomonadacese (su-do-mo-nad-a'se-e). A 
systematic family under the order Eubacteriales. 
The members are short, rod-shaped organisms us- 
ually motile by means of polar flagella. They 
form no spores and are usually Gram-negative. 
Pseudomonas (su-dom'o-nas) [Gr. false + 
floras monad]. A genus of bacteria having cells 
with polar flagella. P. aquat'ilis, a non-patho- 
genic form from water. P. cyano'genes, the 
"bacillus of blue milk"; actively motile rods that 
produce a blue pigment. Called also Bacillus lactis 
cyanogenes. P. fluores'cens, a non-pathogenic 
organism that produces a soluble pigment. Several 
varieties have been named according to the pig- 
ment produced: P. fluorescens longus produces a 
yellow pigment; nivalis, a green pigment; non-liq- 
uifaciens, a greenish, fluorescent pigment; putidus, 
a yellow pigment, and tenuis, a greenish-yellow pig- 
ment. P. plica'ta, a species from water which 
is often grouped in twos, fours, eights, etc. P. 
protea-fluorescens, a multiform species from 
the viscera of diseased fowls. P. pyocya'nea, a 
small, Gram-negative, motile organism found in 
green pus. It produces a green pigment, soluble 
in chloroform, called pyocyanin. Called Bacillus 
pyocyaneus and bacillus of blue pus. P. synxan'- 
tha, the "bacillus of yellow milk"; a form that 
produces a lemon-yellow pigment. 
pseudomorphin (su-do-mor'fin). See dehydro- 
morphin. 
pseudomotor (su-do-mo'tor). Producing move- 
ments which are not normal. 
pseudomucin (su-do-mu'sin). A variety of mucin 
found in ovarian cysts. 
pseudomycosis sarcinica (su"do-mi-ko'sis sar- 
sin'e-kah). A disease of the lungs believed to be 
caused by Sa/dna virchow'ii. 
pseudomyopia (su"do-mi-o'pe-ah). Defective vis- 
ion, not myopia, which causes the patient to hold 
objects nearer than normal to the eyes, thus 
simulating myopia. 
pseudomyxoma (su"do-miks-o'mah). A colloid 
growth developed upon the peritoneum, often 
secondary to an ovarian dermoid cyst. p. peri- 
tonae'i, the presence in the peritoneal cavity of 
colloid matter from a ruptured ovarian cyst or a 
ruptured mucocele of the appendix. 
pseudonarcotic (su"do-nar-kot'ik). Sedative 
and apparently, but not directly, narcotic. 
pseudonarcotism (su-do-nar'kot-izm). A hysteric 
condition simulating narcotism. 
pseudonavicella (su"do-nav-is-el'ah) [Gr. xpevbqs 
false -f- L. navicel'la boat]. A form of spore or 
stage of growth seen in certain protozoa. 
pseudoneoplasm (su-do-ne'o-plazm) [Gr. fevbrfs 
false + neoplasm], i. A temporary formation 
resembling a tumor. 2. A phantom tumor. 
pseudoneuroma (su"do-nu-ro'mah) [Gr. f/evb-qs 
false + neuroma}. A tumor on a nerve simu- 
lating a neuroma; false neuroma. 
pseudonuclein fsu-do-nu'kle-in). Same as para- 
nuclein. 
pseudonucleolus (su"do-nu-kle'o-lus) [Gr. fevb-qs 
false + nucleolus}. A node formed by the intersec- 
tion of chromatin threads. 
pseudonystagmus (su"do-nis-tag'mus). Nys- 
tagmus occurring as symptomatic of other dis- 
eases. 
pseudo-ochronosis (su"do-ok-ron'o-sis). Ochron- 
osis produced artificially. 
pseudo-optogram (su-do-op'to-gram). An opto- 
gram in which the rods strip off from the illumi- 
nated spot and only the cones remain. 
pseudo-osteomalacia (su"do-os-te-o-mal-a'she- 
ah). Rachitic contraction of the pelvis, giving 
PSEUDOPARALYSIS 
the pelvis the appearance of osteomalacia. 
pseudoparalysis (su"do-par-al'is-is). False par- 
alysis: apparent loss of muscular power, without 
true paralysis, marked by defective coordination PSEUDOPARAPHRASIA 
of movements or by repression of movement on 
account of pain. p. ag'itans, paralysis agitans. 
arthritic general p., a condition resembling 
general paresis, dependent on intracranial atheroma 
in arthritic persons, congenital atonic p., 
amyotonia congenita, syphilitic p., syphilitic 
inflammation of the epiphyses of the bones, pro- 
ducing impairment of motion. 
pseudoparaphrasia (su"do-par-ah-fra'zhe-ah) 
[Gr. pevb-qs false + paraphrasia]. Complete gen- 
eral incoherence in which the patient calls every- 
thing by a wrong name. 
pseudoparaplegia (su"do-par-ap-le'je-ah). Pa- 
ralysis of the lower limbs in which the reflexes are 
normal. 
pseudoparasite (su-do-par'as-it) [Gr. xpevbqs false 
+ parasite]. A facultative parasite; also any- 
thing resembling a parasite. 
pseudoparesis (su-do-paries-is). A hysteric or 
other condition simulating paresis. 
pseudopelade (su-do-pe'lad). A variety of alo- 
pecia resulting in the formation of small white 
cicatrices. 
pseudopelletierin (su"do-pel-e-ti'er-in) [Gr. 
xpeubris false + pelletierin]. An alkaloid, C9H15NO 
+ 2H2O, from the root-bark of Pu'nica grana'turn, 
or pomegranate. 
pseudopepsin (su-do-pep'sin). A proteolytic en- 
zyme secreted by certain glands of the stomach. 
It can act in a feebly alkaline as well as in acid 
media. 
pseudopeptone (su-do-pep'ton). Same as ovo- 
mucoid. 
pseudopericardial (su"do-per-e-kar'de-al). Seem- 
ing to arise from the pericardium, but not really 
doing so. 
pseudoperitonitis (su"do-per-it-o-ni'tis). Peri- 
tonism. 
pseudophlegmon (su-do-fleg'mon) [Gr. xpeubqs 
false + phlegmon]: A swollen and reddened 
state of the skin which follows irritative lesions 
of the nerves. Hamilton's p., a circumscribed 
swelling which may become red and indurated, but 
never suppurates. 
pseudophotesthesia (su"do-fo-tes-the'ze-ah). 
The perception of light on receipt of an abnormal 
stimulus, such as irritation of the Schneiderian 
membrane. 
pseudophthisis (su-dof'this-is) [Gr. xpevbqs false + 
phthisis]. A wasting disease not of the nature of 
tuberculosis. 
pseudoplasm (su'do-plazm). A new-growth which 
disappears spontaneously. 
pseudoplegia (su-do-ple'je-ah) [Gr. xpevbqs false + 
TrXqyf) stroke]. Hysteric paralysis or pseudo- 
paralysis. 
pseudopneumococcus (su"do-nu-mo-kok'us). A 
coccus from acute lobar pneumonia much larger 
than the pneumococcus, and otherwise distin- 
guishable from it. 
pseudopneumonia (su"do-nu-hio'ne-ah). A con- 
dition marked by the symptoms of pneumonia, but 
without any lesions in the lungs. 
pseudopod (su'do-pod). Same as pseudopodium. 
pseudopodiospore (su-do-po'de-o-spor) [pseudo- 
podium 4- spore]. A spore having pseudopodia 
like an ameba. Called also amebula. 
pseudopodium (su-do-po'de-um) [Gr. ^evSqs false 
+ irous foot]. A temporary protrusion of the 
ectosarc of an ameba, serving for purposes of 
locomotion. 
pseudoporencephaly (su"do-po-ren-sef'al-e). A 
condition resembling porencephaly, but without 
idiocy or even impairment of the intellect. 
pseudopsia (su-dop'se-ah) [Gr. ^evbqs false + opts 
vision]. False or depraved vision; pseudoblepsia. 
pseudopterygium (su"do-ter-ij'e-um) [Gr. /evbqs 
false + pterygium]. A kind of pterygium en- 
croaching upon the conjunctiva from any direc- 
906 
tion, following injuries of the margin of the 
cornea. 
pseudoptosis (su-do-to'sis) [Gr. false + 
iTTuais fall]. A condition simulating a ptosis. 
pseudopunicin (su-do-pu'nis-in). Pseudopel- 
letierin. 
pseudorabies (su-do-ra'be-ez) [Gr. false + 
rabies]. Hydrophobophobia or lyssophobia. 
pseudoreaction (su"do-re-ak'shun). A clump- 
ing or other bacterial reaction not due to the 
presence of the typhoid bacillus. 
pseudorheumatism (su-do-ru'mat-izm). A con- 
dition resembling rheumatism, due to some non- 
rheumatic disease, as gonorrhea. 
pseudoscarlatina (su"do-skar-lat-i'nah). A 
febrile condition with an eruption like that of 
scarlet fever, but due to septic poisoning. 
pseudosclerosis (su"do-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. \pev5i)s 
false + ffKXrjpwaLs hardening]. A condition with 
the symptoms but without the lesions of sclerosis. 
Westphal's p. See Westphal's neurosis, under 
neurosis. 
pseudosmia (su-doz'me-ah) [Gr. false + 
bapq odor]. A delusion as to smell. 
pseudosolution (su"do-so-lu'shun). Solutions 
which do not act according to the usual physical 
laws of solutions. The term is sometimes applied 
to colloidal solutions. 
pseudostoma (su-dos'to-mah) [Gr. ypevbqs false + 
a to pa. mouth]. An apparent communication 
between stained epithelial cells. 
pseudostrophanthin (su"do-stro-fan'thin). A 
poisonous glucosid, C4oH80016.H;iO, from Strophan- 
thus hispidus. Its action is upon the heart. 
pseudostructure (su-do-struck'tshur) [Gr. \pevb-qs 
false]. Reticular substance. See under substance. 
pseudosyphilis (su-do-sif'il-is). A condition 
marked by ulcers and eruption resembling those of 
syphilis, but yielding to non-specific treatment. 
pseudotabes (su-do-ta'bez) [Gr. \pevbqs false + L. 
ta'bcs wasting]. A disorder resembling tabes dor- 
salis, but distinguished from it by its tendency to 
become completely cured, by tenderness on 
pressure of muscles, and by absence of Argyll 
Robertson pupil. Called also pseudo-ataxia, 
neurotabes, and peripheral tabes, p. mesenter'ica, 
a hysteric pseudotabes, chiefly of young women. 
pseudo tetanus (su-do-tet'an-us). Persistent mus- 
cular contractions resembling tetanus, but not 
associated with the presence of the bacillus of 
tetanus. 
pseudotextoma (su"do-tex-to'mah) [pseudo- + 
textoma]. A neoplasm composed of partially dif- 
ferentiated tissue cells. Cf. textoma. 
pseudo thrill (su'do-thril). A symptom that simu- 
lates a true thrill. 
pseudo toxin (su-do-tok'sin). A poisonous extract 
from belladonna leaves. 
pseudo trachoma (su"do-trak-o'mah). A disease 
of the eye and limb resembling trachoma. 
pseudotrichiniasis (su"do-trik-in-i'as-is). Pseu- 
dotrichinosis. 
pseudotrichinosis (su"do-trik-in-o'sis) [Gr. ^eu- 
bqs false + trichinosis]. A term for acute dis- 
seminated myositis, from the resemblance of the 
appearances to those of trichinosis; dermato- 
myositis. 
pseudotropin (su-dot'ro-pin). A dark-brown, 
syrupy, liquid base: a decomposition-product of 
tropin. 
pseudotubercle (su-do-tu'ber-kl). A tubercle 
resembling that of tuberculosis, but not due to the 
tubercle bacillus. 
pseudo tuberculoma (su"do-tu-ber-ku-lo'mah). A 
tumor resembling .in structure a tuberculoma, p. 
silicot'icum, a pseudotuberculoma due to the 
presence in the tissue of silica. 
pseudotuberculosis (su"do-tu-ber-ku-lo'sis). The 
term applied to a number of diseases occurring in 
PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS PSEUDOTUMOR 
907 
PSYCHASTHENIA 
man, sheep, cattle, horses, rabbits, and other ro- 
dents all of which are probably nocardial infections. 
See nocardiasis, p. hom'inis streptoth'rica, 
a disease of man closely resembling tuberculosis, 
but due to a streptothrix. 
pseudo tumor (su-do-tu'mor). See phantom-tumor, 
under tumor. 
pseudotyphoid (su-do-ti'foid) [Gr. fevbris false + 
typhoid]. Spurious typhoid fever; a disease show- 
ing the symptoms of typhoid fever, but with- 
out the characteristic lesions of that disease and 
without typhoid bacilli. 
pseudovacuole (su-do-vak'u-bl). A round space 
within certain red blood-corpuscles containing an 
animal microorganism. 
pseudovariola (su-do-var-i'o-lah). A condition 
marked by an eruption resembling that of small- 
pox. 
pseudoventricle (su-do-ven'trik-1). The fifth ven- 
tricle of the encephalon. 
pseudovermicule, pseudovermiculus (su-do- 
ver'mik-ul, su"do-ver-mik'u-lus). A state in the 
development of the plasmodium of pernicious ma- 
laria. It is a gregarine-like body developing in the 
intestine of the mosquito. 
pseudovomiting (su-do-vom'it-ing). Regurgita- 
tion of matter from the stomach. 
pseudoxanthin (su-do-zan'thin). 1. A leukomain, 
C4H5N5O, from muscular tissue; also an isomer 
of xanthin from uric acid. 2. A compound, 
C5H4N4O2, from uric acid. 
pseudoxanthoma (su"do-zan-tho'mah). A dis- 
ease resembling xanthoma, p. elas'ticum, a 
rare skin disease marked by small papules, indi- 
vidual or confluent, or massed into plaques, thick- 
ening of the skin where the lesions exist, and ex- 
aggeration of the normal creases and folds of the 
skin. The histologic features are masses of swollen 
and degenerated elastic fibers with degeneration 
of the collagen fibers in the lower and middle 
layers of the dermis. Called also elastoma and 
ncevus elasticus. 
pseudozodglea (su"do-zo-og-le'ah). A clump of 
bacteria not dissolving readily in water, arising 
from imperfect separation or more or less fusion of 
the components, but not having the degree of com- 
pactness and gelatinization seen in zobglea. 
psilosis (si-lo'sis) [Gr. a stripping]. 1. 
Falling out of the hair. 2. See sprew. 
psilothin (sil'o-thin) [Gr. fLXwdpov depilatory]. An 
improved dropax or depilatory plaster. 
psilothron (sil-o'thron). A depilatory. 
psilotic (sil-o'tik). Pertaining to psilosis. 
psittacosis (sit-ak-o'sis) [L. psit'tacus; Gr. ^irra- 
kos parrot]. A contagious influenza of parrots 
communicable to man, and marked by pulmo- 
nary disorder and high fever. It is caused by 
the bacillus or streptococcus of psittacosis. 
psoas (so'as) [Gr. fba. loin]. The name of the 
loin muscles. See muscles, tabic of. 
psodymus (sod'im-us) [Gr. f/ba loin + blbvpos twin], 
A monster with two heads and bodies, but single 
at and below the loins. 
psoitis (so-i'tis) [Gr. loin muscle]. Inflam- 
mation of a psoas muscle or of its sheath. 
psomophagia (so-mo-fa'je-ah) [Gr. f/wpbs morsel 
+ <pa.yeiv to eat]. Thorough chewing of the 
food. 
psomophagy (so-mof'aj-e). Psomophagia. 
psora (so'rah) [Gr. \pwpa], 1. Scabies or the itch. 
2. Psoriasis. 
psorelcosis (so-rel-ko'sis) [Gr. f/upa. itch + eX/cwais 
ulceration]. Ulceration due to scabies. 
psorenteria (so-ren-te're-ah). Abnormal promi- 
nence of the closed follicles of the intestine. 
psorenteritis (so"ren-ter-i'tis) [psora + enteritis], 
A condition of the bowels peculiar to Asiatic 
cholera. 
psoriasic (so-re-as'ik). Same as psoriatic. 
psoriasiform (so-re-as'if-orm). Resembling psori- 
asis. 
psoriasis (so-ri'as-is) [Gr. i^wpiaais]. A skin dis- 
ease of many varieties, characterized by the forma- 
tion of scaly red patches on the extensor surfaces 
of the body. p. annula'ris, psoriasis in ring- 
shaped patches. Called also p. circinata. p. 
bucca'lis. See leukoplakia buccalis. p. cir- 
cina'ta. See p. annularis, p. difiu'sa, a form 
in which there is more or less coalescence of large 
contiguous lesions. Bakers' itch, grocers' itch, and 
bricklayers' itch belong to this variety, p. gut- 
ta'ta, a form occurring in small, distinct, and ir- 
regular patches, p. gyra'ta, a form with patches 
having a serpentine arrangement, p. invetera'- 
ta, a form with confluent lesions and with thicken- 
ing and hardening of the skin. p. lin'guae. 
Same as leukoplakia buccalis. p. nummula'ris, 
psoriasis in circular patches which resemble small 
coins, p. ostea'cea, psoriasis complicated by 
joint affections, p. palma'ris, a syphiloderm of 
the palms or soles, p. puncta'ta, a variety in 
which the lesions consist of minute, red, pinhead- 
shaped papules, _ often surmounted with pearly 
scales, p. rupioi'des, psoriasis with rupia-like 
crusts, p. universa'lis, a form with lesions oyer 
the whole body. 
psoriatic (so-re-at'ik). i. Pertaining to, affected 
with, or of the nature of, psoriasis. 2. A person 
affected with psoriasis. 
psoric (so'rik). Pertaining to or affected with sca- 
bies. 
psorinum (so-ri'num). A homeopathic prepara- 
tion of itch-pus. 
psorocomium (so-ro-ko'me-um) [Gr. fwpa. itch 
Kopeiv to care for]. A hospital for psoriasis. 
psoroid (so'roid). Resembling scabies. 
Psorophora (so-rof'o-rah). A genus of mosquitos, 
the larvae of which prey on the larvae of other kinds 
of mosquitos. 
psorophthalmia (so-rof-thal'me-ah) [Gr. d^po'P- 
6a\pla]. A form of ulcerative marginal blepharitis. 
psorosperm (so'ro-sperm) [Gr. xpiapbs rough, scabby 
+ cnreppa seed]. Any parasitic myxosporidian 
animal microorganism. 
psorospermia (so-ro-sper'me-ah), pl. psorosper'- 
mice. The spore of a psorospermic organism; 
Rainey's corpuscle. 
psorospermial, psorospermic (so-ro-sper'me-al, 
so-ro-sper'mik). Of the nature of a psorosperm. 
psorospermosis (so"ro-sper-mo'sis). A morbid 
state due to the presence of psorosperms. 
psorous (so'rus) [Gr. d^pos}. Affected with psora, 
or itch. 
P. S. P. Abbreviation for phenol sulphonephthalein 
test. 
psychalgalia (si-kal-ga'le-ah). Same as algo- 
ps-ychalia. 
psychalgia (si-kal'je-ah) [Gr. xpvxv soul + aXyos 
pain]. 1. A pain of mental or hysteric origin, 
such as neurasthenic headache, clavus hystericus, 
etc. 2. Pain attending or resulting from a mental 
operation: called also mind-pain or soul-pain. 
psychalia (si-ka'le-ah) [Gr. dvXV soul]. A morbid 
state of mind in which voices seem to be heard and 
images to be seen. Called also mentalia. 
psychanalysis (si-kan-al'is-is) [Gr. soul + 
awaZym]. The method of eliciting from nervous 
patients an idea of their past emotional experi- 
ences and the facts of their mental life, in order to 
discover the mechanism by which a pathologic 
mental state has been produced, and to furnish 
hints for psychotherapeutic procedures. 
psychanopsia (si-kan-op'se-ah) [Gr. \fvxv soul + 
av not + opts vision]. Psychic blindness. See 
under blindness. 
psychasthenia (si-kas-the'ne-ah) [Gr. f/vxy s°ul 
+ asthenia]. A functional neurosis marked by PSYCHATAXIA 
908 
PSYCHOPATH 
states of pathologic fear or anxiety, obsessions, 
fixed ideas, tics, feelings of inadequacy, self- 
accusation, and peculiar feelings of strangeness, 
unreality, and dispersonalization. 
psychataxia (si-kat-aks'e-ah) [Gr. \pvxy soul fl- 
ataxia], Disordered mental condition marked by 
inability to fix the attention, agitation, etc. 
psyche (si'ke) [Gr. ipvxy soul], i. The mind. 2. 
The cerebrospinal nervous system. 
psycheclampsia (si-kek-lamp'se-ah) [Gr. tpvxy 
mind fl- ckXclpttols a flashing]. Acute mania. 
psycheism (si'ke-izm) [Gr. ^uxi? soul]. Hypnotism, 
psychiater (si-ke-a'ter). Same as psychiatrist. 
psychiatric (si-ke-at'rik). Pertaining to psychi- 
atry. 
psychiatrics, psychiatry (si-ke-at'riks, si'ke-at- 
re) [Gr. xpvxy mind fl- larpeia healing]. The treat- 
ment of mental disorders. 
psychiatrist (sik-i'at-rist). An expert in the treat- 
ment of mental disorders. 
psychic, psychical (si'kik, si'kik-al) [Gr. ^ux^sL 
Pertaining to the mind. 
psychics (si'kiks). Psychology. 
psychinosis (si-kin-o'sis) [Gr. ^ux^ soul fl- vbaos 
disease]. A functional nervous disease. 
psychism (si'kizm). The theory that there is a 
fluid diffused through all living beings, animating 
all alike. 
psychlampsia (si-klamp'se-ah) [Gr. xpvxy soul + 
\dpxpLs a shining]. Mania considered as a dis- 
charging phenomenon of perverted brain activity. 
psychoalgalia (si"ko-al-ga'le-ah). See algopsy- 
chalia. 
psycho-analysis (si"ko-an-al'is-is). See psych- 
analysis. 
psycho-asthenics (si"ko-as-then'iks) [Gr. \pvxy 
soul + a not fl- aOevos strength]. The study of the 
feeble-minded. 
psycho-auditory (si-ko-aw'dit-o-re). Pertaining 
to the consciousness and intelligent perception of 
sound. 
psychobiology (si"ko-bi-ol'o-je). That branch 
of biology which considers the interactions between 
body and mind. 
psychocatharsis (si"ko-kath-ar'sis) [Gr. -poxy 
soul + KaOapats purging]. See abreaction. 
psychochrome (si'ko-krom) [Gr. pvxy mind fl- 
XP&pa. color], A subjective mental association be- 
tween any bodily sensation and some particular 
color. 
psychochromesthesia (si-ko-krom-es-the'ze-ah) 
[Gr. pvxy mind fl- xp^M® color + aicrOyacs sensa- 
tion], The condition in which auditory stimuli 
produce sensations or associated sensations of color. 
psychocoma (si-ko-ko'mah) [Gr. pvxy mind fl- 
coma]. Melancholic stupor. 
psychocortical (si-ko-kor'tik-al). Pertaining to 
the mind and to the cortex of the brain. 
psychodometry (si-ko-dom'et-re) [Gr. ^ux^ mind 
fl- bbbs way fl- per poo measure]. The measure- 
ment of the rate of mental action. 
psychodynamics (si"ko-di-nam'iks) [Gr. pvxy 
mind -fl- bwapls power]. The science of mental 
action. 
psycho-epilepsy (si"ko-ep-il-ep'se). A functional 
neurosis with symptoms closely resembling those 
of true epilepsy. 
psychogalvanic reflex (si"ko-gal-van'ik). See 
under reflex. 
psychogenesis (si-ko-jen'es-is) [Gr. poxy mind fl- 
y tv eats origin]. The development of the mind. 
psychogenia (si-ko-je'ne-ah). A disease due to 
faulty psychic activity. 
psychogenic (si-ko-jen'ik). Originating in the mind; 
psychic. 
psychogenous (si-koj'en-us). Psychogenic. 
psychognosis (si-ko-gno'sis) [Gr. xpvxn soul + 
knowledge]. Sidis' term for the study which 
will enable the examiner to gain a complete knowl- 
edge of the patient's soul, chiefly by means of hyp- 
nosis or hypnoidal states. 
psychognostic (si-kog-nos'tik). Pertaining to psy- 
chognosis. 
psychogram (si'ko-gram) [Gr. ^ux^ mind-|-7pa^a 
a writing]. A visual sensation associated with 
a mental idea as of a certain number which ap- 
pears visualized when it is thought of. 
psychograph (si'ko-graf) [Gr. pvxy soul fl- ypa.<pew 
to write]. An instrument for recording unconscious 
movements of the hand. 
psychokinesia (si"ko-kin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. ^uxi? soul 
fl- Kcvyacs motion]. Explosive cerebral action, 
due to defective inhibition. 
psychokym (si'ko-kim). A psychic process con- 
ceived physiologically; that something which flows 
through the central nervous system and which is 
at the basis of psychic processes. 
psycholagny (si'ko-lag-ne) [Gr. \pvxy mind + 
'Xayvela lust]. Sexual enjoyment produced by 
mental and imaginary sexual acts. 
psycholepsy (si-ko-lep'se) [Gr. ■ \pvxy mind fl- 
XapPaveiv to seize upon]. A condition in which 
the mental or psychologic attention is lowered. 
psychology (si-kol'o-je) [Gr. pyxy mind fl- X6yos 
discourse]. That branch of science which treats of 
the mind and mental operations, abnormal p., 
the study of derangements or deviations of mental 
functions, analytic p., psychology by intro- 
spective methods, as opposed to experimental 
psychology, animal p., the study of the mental 
activity of animals, child p., the study of the 
development of the mind of the child, compara- 
tive p., the study of the mental action of animals, 
criminalp., the study of the mental action of 
criminals, experimental p., the study of the 
mind and mental operations by the employment of 
experimental methods, genetic p., that branch 
of psychology which deals with the development 
of mind in the individual and with its evolution in 
the race, physiologic p., that branch of psy- 
chology which applies the facts taught in neurology 
to show the relation between the mental and the 
neural, social p., that branch of psychology 
which treats of the social aspects of mental life. 
psychometer (si-kom'et-er). An instrument used 
in psychometry. 
psychometry (si-kom'et-re) [Gr. xpvxy mind fl- per- 
pov measure]. Measurement of the time con- 
sumed in mental operations. 
psychomotor (si-ko-mo'tor) [Gr. ^vx^ mind,fl- L. 
mo'tor mover]. Pertaining to or causing vol- 
untary movements. 
psychoneurosis (si"ko-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. ^ux^ mind 
+ veupov nerve]. Any one of a group of border- 
land disorders of the mind which are not true 
insanities. The term includes hysteria, neuras- 
thenia, and psychasthenia, defense p., a psy- 
chosis or neurosis whose symptoms are due to the 
attempt to repress a painful idea. The idea is 
excluded from the mind, but remains in subcon- 
sciousness, where it acts as a cause of disturbance. 
The term includes hysteria as well as various 
neuroses and psychoses, p. maid'ica, pellagra. 
psychonomy (si-kon'o-me) [Gr. ^vx'7 soul fl- vbpos 
law]. The science of the laws of mental ac- 
tivity. 
psychonosema (si"ko-no-se'mah) [Gr. \pvxy soul 
+ voaypa illness]. Any mental disorder. 
psychonosis (si-ko-no'sis) [Gr. soul fl- vbtros 
disease]. Any disease or affection caused by 
mental or moral agents. 
psychoparesis (si-ko-par'es-is) [Gr. ypvxy mind 4- 
Trapeais weakness]. Weakness of mind. 
psychopath (si'ko-path). A person affected with 
a psychoneurosis; a person under the influence of 
some abnormal instinct. PSYCHOPATHIA 
909 
PTERYGOMAXILLARY 
psychopathia (si-ko-pa'the-ah). Same as psychop- 
athy. p. sexua'lis, mental disease marked by 
perversion of the sexual feelings. 
psychopathic (si-ko-path'ik). Pertaining to men- 
tal disease. 
psychopathist (si-kop'ath-ist). An alienist. 
psychopathology (si"ko-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. ipvxv 
mind + pathology]. The pathology of mental 
disorders; the science of the pathologic working 
of the mind. 
psychopathosis (si-ko-path-o'sis). Southard's 
term for any mental disease of the psychopathic 
group. 
psychopathy (si-kop'ath-e) [Gr. f/vx^ mind + 
Trados affection]. Any disease of the mind; in- 
sanity. 
psychophysical (si-ko-fiz'ik-al). Pertaining to the 
mind and its relation to physical manifestations. 
psychophysics (si-ko-fiz'iks) [Gr. xpvxv mind + 
ipoatKos natural]. The science of the relations 
of mental processes to their causation and mani- 
festations; experimental psychology. 
psychophysiology (si"ko-fiz-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. xpvxv 
mind + physiology]. The physiology of the 
mental organs or apparatus. 
psychoplasm (si'ko-plazm). Same as archyle. 
psychoplegia (si-ko-ple'je-ah) [psychoplegic]. A 
sudden attack of mental weakness. 
psychoplegic (si-ko-ple'jik) [Gr. f/uxv mind + 
TcXr^yi) stroke]. An agent that lessens cerebral 
activity or excitability. 
psychopneumatology (si"ko-nu-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. 
xpvxv mind + irvevpa breath + Xbyos treatise]. 
The study of the interactions of mind, body, and 
soul. 
psychoreaction (si"ko-re-ak'shun) [Gr. \pvxv soul 
+ reaction]. See Much's reaction, under reaction. 
psychorhythmia (si-ko-rith'me-ah) [Gr. ^vxv 
mind + pvOpbs rhythm], A condition in which 
there is involuntary repetition of the various 
mental actions, 
psychorrhagia (si-kor-a'je-ah) [Gr.]. The death- 
struggle. 
psychosensorial (si"ko-sen-so're-al). Psychosen- 
sory. 
psychosensory (si-ko-sen'so-re). Pertaining to 
the conscious perception of sensory impulses to 
the mind and to sensation. 
psychosin (si-ko'sin). A galactosid, C23H45ON7, 
resulting from the decomposition of phrenosin. 
On hydrolysis it yields galactose and sphingosin. 
psychosis (si-ko'sis) [Gr. f/vxv soul]. Any disease 
or disorder of the mind; any disorder characterized 
by mental aberration, anxiety p., a functional 
disorder of the mind characterized by anxiety and 
depression. Cheyne-Stokes p., a condition 
resembling cardiac asthma, with intense motor 
agitation, sometimes seen along with the onset of 
Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart dis- 
ease. exhaustion p., mental disorder due 
to some exhausting or depressing occurrence, as 
an operation, febrile p., inlection-exhaustion 
psychosis, infection-exhaustion p., con- 
fusional insanity. See insanity, involutional 
p., mental disorder coming on in the aged. Kor- 
sakoff's p., a peculiar mental disturbance attend- 
ing various forms of polyneuritis, especially the 
alcoholic. Called also cerebropathia psychica 
toxcemica and chronic alcoholic delirium, manic- 
depressive p., manic-depressive insanity, p. 
polyneuritica. Same as Korsakoffs p. senile 
p., mental disorder in old persons, situation 
p., a transitory mental disorder caused by an un- 
bearable situation over which the patient has no 
control, toxic p., mental disorder due to toxemia, 
zobphil p., a psychosis marked by insane affec- 
tion for or interest in animals. 
psychosomatic (si"ko-so-mat'ik) [Gr. ypvxv mind 
+ body]. Having bodily symptoms of a 
psychic or mental origin. 
psychotechnics (si-ko-tek'niks) [Gr. /oxv soul + 
rexv art]. The employment of psychologic meth- 
ods in studying sociologic and other problems. 
psychotherapeutics, psychotherapy (si"ko- 
ther-ap-u'tiks, si-ko-ther'ap-e) [Gr. ^XV soul + 
therapy], i. Psychiatry. 2. Mental therapeutics, 
mind-cure, or cure by making mental impressions 
or suggestions. 
psychotic (si-kot'ik). Pertaining to or caused by 
psychosis. 
psychotrin (si'ko-trin). An alkaloid of ipecac. 
psychro-algia (si-kro-al'je-ah) [Gr. tpvxpbs cold + 
aXyos pain]. Painful psychro-esthesia. 
psychro-esthesia (si"kro-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. \pvxpbs 
cold + a'tafh]ais feeling], A state in which a part 
of the body, though warm, seems cold. 
psychrometer (si-krom'et-er) [Gr. xpvxpbs cold + 
fferpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
atmospheric moisture by the difference in reading 
of two thermometers one with a dry bulb and one 
with a wet bulb, sling p., a convenient and re- 
liable instrument in which the thermometers are 
swung through the air to facilitate evaporation 
from the wet bulb. 
psychrophilic (si-kro-fil'ik) [Gr. xpvxpos cold + 
<piXciv to love]. Fond of cold: said of bacteria 
which develop best between 150 and 200 C. See 
also mesophilic and thermophilic. 
psychrophobia (si-kro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. \fvxpbs cold 
+ fear]. Insane or morbid dread of cold. 
psychrophore (si'kro-for) [Gr. \pvxpbs cold + 
<pepeiv to bear]. A double catheter for applying 
cold to the urethra. 
psychrotherapy (si-kro-ther'ap-e) [Gr. \pvxpbs 
cold + Oepaireia treatment]. The treatment of 
disease by the application of cold. 
psyctic (sik'tik) [Gr. \pvxew to cool]. Cooling. 
psydracium (si-dra'se-um) [Gr. xpvbpamov blister]. 
An old name for a pustular skin disease. 
Pt., pt. Abbreviation for pint and symbol for 
platinum. 
ptarmic (tar'mik). Same as sternutatory. 
ptarmus (tar'mus). Spasmodic sneezing. 
Ptelea trifolia'ta (te'le-ah) [L.]. A shrub of North 
America, hop-trefoil: used homeopathically. 
ptelein (te'le-in). An extract from the root-bark 
of Pte'lea trifolia'ta: a stimulant and tonic. 
Pteridophyta (ter-id-of'it-ah) [Gr. irrepis wing 
+ cpvTov plant]. A division of the plant kingdom 
including the ferns. 
pteridophyte (ter'id-o-fit). One of the Pterido- 
phyta. 
pterion (te're-on) [Gr. irrepov wing]. A point at 
the junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, 
and great wing of the sphenoid bones; about 
inches (3 cm.) behind the external angular process 
of the orbit. 
pternalgia (ter-nal'je-ah) [Gr. irrepoa heel + 
HXyos pain]. Pain in the heel. 
Pterococcus aphyl'la (te-ro-kok'us) [Gr. irrepov 
wing + kokkos berry], A polygonaceous plant 
of Siberia: its fruit is edible; the root affords a 
good tragacanth, which is eaten. 
pterygium (te-rij'e-um) [Gr. irrepvyi.ov wing]. A 
patch of thickened conjunctiva extending over 
a part of the cornea. The membrane is usually 
fan-shaped, with the apex toward the pupil and the 
base toward the inner canthus. Unless checked, 
it tends to spread over the eyeball, congenital 
p. See epitarsus. 
pterygoid (ter'ig-oid) [Gr. -n-repv^ wing + e!6os 
form]. Shaped like a wing. 
pterygomaxillary (ter"ig-o-maks'il-a-re). Per- 
taining to a pterygoid process and the upper 
jaw. pterygopalatine (ter"ig-o-pal'at-in). Pertaining 
to a pterygoid process and to the palate bone. 
ptilosis (ti-lo'sis) [Gr. TrriXwacs]- A falling out or 
loss of the eyelashes. 
ptisan (tiz'an) [L. ptis'ana; Gr. irriaave]. Sweet- 
ened barley-water, or other similar preparation: 
a decoction or medicinal tea. 
P. T. O. Abbreviation for Ger. Perlsucht tuberculin 
original, or Klemperer's tuberculin. 
ptomain, ptomaine (to'ma-in) [Gr. Tcrw^a car- 
cass]. Any one of a class of bases formed under 
the action of bacteria or of metabolism by the 
splitting of carbon dioxid from an amino-acid. 
The ptomains are amins; some are toxic and 
some have a powerful effect on blood-pressure. 
Called also animal alkaloid, putrefactive alkaloid, 
and cadaveric alkaloid. See table. 
ptomainemia, ptomainaemia (to"ma-in-e'me- 
ah) [ptomain + Gr. al/ia blood]. The presence 
of ptomains in the blood. 
ptomainotoxism (to"ma-in-o-tok'sism). Poison- 
ing by a ptomain. 
ptomatin (to'mat-in). Same as ptomain. 
ptomatopsia (to-mat-op'se-ah) [Gr. irru/aa corpse 
+ o^is vision]. Inspection of dead body; autopsy. 
ptomatopy (to-mat'op-e). Ptomatopsia. 
ptomatropin (to-mat'ro-pin) [ptomain + atropin]. 
A ptomain from putrid sausages and the viscera 
of corpses of those dead from typhoid fever. It 
has effects somewhat like those of atropin. 
ptosed (tost). Affected with ptosis; prolapsed. 
ptosis (to'sis) [Gr. irraiais fall]. 1. A paralytic 
drooping of the eyelid. 2. The prolapse of an 
organ or part, abdominal p. Same as splanch- 
noptosis. p. adipo'sa, false p., an apparent 
ptosis caused by a fold of skin and fat hanging 
down below the border of the eyelid. Horner's 
PTERYGOPALATINE 
910 
p., moderate ptosis of an eye, with retraction of 
the eyeball, miosis, and flushing of the affected 
side of the face, due to lesions of the cervicai 
sympathetic, p. lipomato'sis, ptosis produced 
by lipoma of the eyelid, morning p. See 
waking p. p. sympath'ica, ptosis associated 
with miosis, vasomotor facial paralysis, and dis- 
eases of the cervical sympathetic system, visceral 
p., splanchnoptosis, waking p., temporary 
paralysis of the upper lid on awakening from 
sleep. 
ptotic (to'tik). Pertaining to or affected with ptosis. 
P. T. R. Abbreviation for Ger. Perlsucht Tuberculin 
Rest, a tuberculin prepared from bovine bacilli in 
the same manner as Koch's new tuberculin. 
ptyalagogue (ti-al'ag-og) [Gr. irrvaXov spittle + 
dywyos leading]. Same as sialagogue. 
ptyalectasis (ti-al-ek'tas-is) [Gr. vrrvaXov saliva + 
eKTacr is distention]. Dilatation of one of the ducts 
of the salivary glands. 
ptyalin (ti'al-in) [Gr. irrvaXov spittle]. An unor- 
ganized ferment occurring in the saliva, convert- 
ing starch into dextrose. 
ptyalinogen (ti-al-in'o-jen) [ptyalin + Gr. yevvav 
to produce]. A hypothetic substance which is 
supposed to exist in the cells of the salivary glands, 
and to be intermediary in the formation of ptyalin 
ptyalism (ti'al-izm) [Gr. Tt-rvaXianos]. Excessive 
secretion of saliva; salivation, mercurial p. 
See salivation. 
ptyalith (ti'al-ith) [Gr. irrvaXov spittle + Xibos 
stone]. A salivary calculus. 
ptyalize (ti'al-iz). To increase or stimulate the 
secretion of saliva. 
ptyalocele (ti-al'o-sel) [Gr. irrvaXov spittle + KifXri 
tumor]. A cystic tumor containing saliva, sub- 
lingual p. See ranula. 
PTYALOCELE 
TABLE OF PTOMAINS AND LEUKOMAINS 
Name 
Discoverer. 
Chemical 
Formula. 
Properties. 
Where Found. 
Amidovalerianic acid. 
C5HhNO2. 
Non-poisonous. 
Putrefying fibrin. 
Amylamin. 
Hesse. 
c5hI3n. 
Poisonous. 
Horn. 
Asellin. 
Gautier and Mourgues. 
C25H32N4. 
Poisonous. 
Cod-liver oil. 
Betain. 
Brieger. 
CsHnNOj. 
: . . . . | 
Beet-root. 
Human urine. 
Butylamin. 
Gautier and Mourgues. 
C4H11N. 
Cod oil. 
Cadaverin. 
Brieger. 
C5H14N2. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid flesh. 
Cholin. 
Brieger. 
C5H15NO2. 
Poisonous. 
Bile. 
Collidin. 
Nencki. 
C8HnN. 
Putrid gelatin. 
Diethvlamin. 
Bocklish. 
C4HnN. 
Non-poisonous. 
Putrid fish. 
Dihydroliitidin 
Gautier and Mourgues. 
C7HuN. 
Poisonous. 
Cod oil. 
Dimetby lamin. 
Brieger. 
(CH3)2NH. 
Non-poisonous. 
Putrid gelatin. 
Ethylamin. 
Hesse. 
C2H5NH2. 
Non-poisonous. 
Putrid yeast. 
Ethylidenediamin. 
Brieger. 
c2h8n2. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid fish. 
Gadinin. 
Brieger. 
c7h17no2. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid fish. 
Gaduin. 
Hexylamin (capro- 
See Morrhuic acid. 
ylamin). 
Hesse. 
C6Hi5N. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid yeast. 
Hydrocollidin. 
Gautier and Etard. 
C8HisN. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid fish. 
Hvdrocoridin. 
Griffiths. 
Ci0H]7N. 
Bacterium allii. 
Methylamin. 
Bocklish. 
ch5n. 
Non-poisonous. 
Putrid herring. 
Methylguanidin. 
Brieger. 
c2h7ns. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid horse-flesh. 
Morrhuic acid. 
Gautier and Mourgues. 
C9H13NO3. 
Poisonous. 
Cod oil. 
Morrhuin. 
Gautier and Mourgues. 
C19H27N3. 
Diuretic. 
Cod oil. 
Muscarin. 
Brieger. 
C5H13NO2. 
Poisonous. 
Mushroom. 
Mydalein. 
Brieger. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid flesh. 
Mydatoxin. 
Brieger. 
C6H13NO2. 
Poisonous. 
Putrid flesh. 
Mydin. 
Brieger. 
C9H11NO2. 
Non-poisonous. 
Putrid flesh. 
Mytilotoxin. 
Brieger. 
C6H15NO2. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous mussel. 
Neuridin. 
Brieger. 
c5h14n2. 
Non-poisonous. 
Putrid flesh. 
Neurin. 
Brieger. 
C5H13NO. 
Poisonous. 
Brain. 
Parvolin. 
Gautier and Etard. 
C9H13N. 
Putrid fish. 
Peptotoxin. 
Brieger. 
Poisonous. 
Peptones. 
PTOMAINS PTYALOGENIC 
911 
PTYALORRHEA 
Name. 
Discoverer. 
Chemical 
Formula. 
Properties. 
Where Found. 
Phlogosin. 
Propylamin. 
Ptomatropin. 
Putrescin. 
Pyocyanin. 
Pyridin. 
Saprin. 
Spasmotoxin. 
Spermin. 
Susotoxin. 
Tetanin. 
Tetanotoxin. 
Triethylamin. 
Trimethylamin. 
Trimethylendiamin. 
Typhotoxin. 
Tyrotoxicon. 
Un-named bases. 
Leber. 
Brieger. 
Brieger. 
Lederhose. 
O. de Conwick. 
Brieger. 
Brieger. 
Kunz. 
Novy. 
Brieger. 
Brieger. 
Brieger. 
Dessaigues. 
Brieger. 
Brieger. 
Vaughan. 
Deliziner. 
Guareschi and Mosso. 
Morin. 
Oser. 
Gautier and Etard. 
Brieger. 
Brieger. 
Pouchet. 
Guareschi. 
Pouchet. 
Pouchet. 
.... 
c3h9n. 
C4H12n2. 
C14H)4NO2- 
C8HhN. 
CioH15N. 
C5H14N2. 
C2H5N. 
C10H26N2. 
Ci3H30N2O4. 
c5hun. 
c6h15n. 
c3h9n. 
C3HioN2. 
C7H17NO2. 
C32H3iN. ) 
C10H15N. J 
C7Hi0N2. 
c13h20N4. 
Ci7H38N4. 
C6Hi3NO2. 
C7Hi7NO2. 
C5H12N2O4. 
C14H20N2O4. 
C7H78N2O6. 
Inflammation. 
Antirheumatic. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Streptococci pyogenes 
Feces bacillus. 
Decomposing meat; 
bodies of typhoid 
fever patients. 
Putrid flesh. 
Cultures of Bacillus 
pyocyaneus. 
Jelly-fish. 
Putrid flesh. 
Tetanus bacillus. 
Cholera bacillus. 
Bacillus hog cholera. 
Tetanus cultures. 
Tetanus cultures. 
Putrid fish. 
Human urine. 
Cholera bacillus. 
Typhoid bacillus. 
Ice-cream and milk. 
Fresh beef. 
During alcoholic fer- 
mentation. 
During yeast fermen- 
tation of sugar. 
From hydrocollidin. 
Tetanus cultures. 
Putrid flesh. 
Bones and hair. 
Putrid fibrin. 
LEUKOMAINS. 
Name. 
Discoverer. 
Chemical 
Formula. 
Properties. 
Where Found. 
Adenin. 
Amphicreatin. 
Arginin. 
Carnin. 
Crusocreatinin. 
Galactin. 
Gerontin. 
Guanin. 
Hetero xanthin. 
Hypo xan thin. 
Lysa'tin. 
Methylhydantoin. 
Paraxanthin. 
Protamin. 
Pseudoxanthin. 
Reducin. 
Salamanderin. 
Spermin. 
Xanthin. 
Xan th ocreatinin. 
Un-named. 
«< 
Kossel. 
Gautier. 
Schulze. 
Weidel. 
Gautier. 
Blyth. 
Grandis. 
Nuger. 
Salomon. 
Scherer. 
Drechsel 
Guareschi and Mosso. 
Thudichum. 
Miescher. 
Gautier. 
Thudichum. 
Zalesky. 
Schreiner. 
Marcet. 
Gautier. 
Gautier. 
Gautier. 
Pouchet. 
Pouchet. 
C5H5N5. 
C9H19N7O4. 
C6H14N4O2. 
C7H8N4O3. 
C5H8N4O. 
Pb3O3C54H18N4O25. 
Lead Salt. 
C5H14N2. 
C5H.5N5O. 
C8H|N4O2. 
C'sH^O. 
C6Hi3N3O2. 
C4H16N2O2. 
C7H8N4O2. 
CuHjjNoOj. . . 
C4H5N5O. 
C12H24N6O9. 
C34HfioN20s. 
C2H5N. 
C5H4N4O2. 
C5H10N4O. 
C11H24N10O5. 
C12H25N11O5. 
CTH12N4O2. 
C3H6NO2. 
Non-poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Non-poisonous. 
Poisonous. 
Nuclein of cells. 
Muscle. 
Lupine sprouts. 
Meat-extract. 
Muscle. 
Milk. 
Liver. 
Guano. 
U rine. 
Nuclei!' of cells. 
Casein. 
Fresh meat. 
Urine. 
Spawn of salmon. 
Muscle. 
Urine. 
Salamander. 
Sperma. 
Vesical calculi. 
Muscle. 
Muscle. 
Muscle. 
Urine. 
Urine. 
TABLE OF PTOMAINS AND LEUKOMAINS.-Continued. 
Ptyalogenic (ti"al-o-jen'ik) [Gr. irrvaXov saliva + 
yevvav to produce]. Formed from or by the 
action of saliva; as, ptyalogenic calculus. 
ptyalogogue (ti-al'o-gog). Ptyalagogue. 
ptyalolith (ti'al-o-lith). Ptyalith. 
ptyalolithiasis fti"al-o-Iith-i'as-is). The presence 
of salivary calculi. 
ptyalorrhea (ti-al-o-re'ah) [Gr. irrvaXov saliva + 
poca flows). An abnormally copious flow of 
saliva. PULP 
ptyalose (ti'al-6s). Maltose produced by the action 
of ptyalin on starch. 
ptyocrinous (ti-ok'rin-us) [Gr. ittvov fan + Kplveiv 
to separate]. Elaborating secretion in the form of 
granules which are eventually extruded: said of 
unicellular glands, as goblet-cells, which secrete in' 
this way. Cf. diacrinous. 
ptyophagon (ti-o-fa'gon) [Gr. irrvaXov saliva + 
<payciv to eat]. A proprietary sputum disin- 
fectant. 
puberal (pu'ber-al) [L. pu'ber of marriageable age]. 
Pertaining to puberty. 
pubertas (pu'ber-tas). Latin for puberty, p. 
prae'cox, pathologically early sexual maturity. 
puberty (pu'ber-te) [L. puber'tus]. The age at 
which the reproductive organs become function- 
ally operative. It occurs between twelve and 
seventeen years of age, and is indicated in the 
male by change of voice and seminal discharge, 
and in the female by the occurrence of menstrua- 
tion. 
pubes (pu'bez) [LJ. 1. The hair on the external 
genitalia, or the region covered by it. 2. The 
pubic bone. 
pubescence (pu-bes'ens). 1. Puberty. 2. Down- 
iness; lanugo. 
pubescent (pu-bes'ent) [L. pubes'cens becoming 
hairy], 1. Covered with down or lanugo. 2. 
Arriving at the age of puberty. 
pubetrotomy (pu-be-trot'o-me) [pubes + etrot- 
omy]. Section of the os pubis and of the lower 
abdominal wall. 
pubic (pu'bik). Pertaining to the pubes or os 
pubis. 
pubiotomy (pu-be-ot'o-me) [pubis + Gr. repveiv 
to cut]. The operation of cutting through the 
pubic bone lateral to the median line. Called 
also hebotomy and hebosteotomy. 
pubis (pu'bis) [L.]. The pubic bone; os pubis, 
or pubes. 
pubofemoral (pu-bo-fem'or-al). Pertaining to the 
os pubis and femur. 
puboprostatic (pu"bo-pros-tat'ik). Pertaining to 
the os pubis and prostate gland. 
pubotibial (pu-bo-tib'e-al). Pertaining to the 
pubes and tibia. 
pubovesical (pu-bo-ves'ik-al). Pertaining to the 
pubes and bladder. 
puccin (puk'sin). A principle from Sanguina'ria 
canaden'sis. 
pudenda (pu-den'dah), pl. of puden'dum [LJ. 
The external genital organs. 
pudendal (pu-den'dal). Pertaining to the pu- 
denda. 
pudendum (pu-den'dum), pl. puden'da [L. pude're 
to be ashamed]. The external genital parts, 
especially of the female, p. mulie'bre [B N A], 
the vulva. 
pudic (pu'dik) [L. pu'dicus]. Pertaining to the 
pudenda. 
puericulture (pu-er'ik-ult-ur) [L. pu'er boy + 
cultu'ra culture]. The art of rearing and train- 
ing children. 
puerile (pu'er-il) [L. pueri'lis; pu'er boy]. Per- 
taining to childhood or to children. 
puerilism (pu'er-il-izm) [L. pu'er boy], A condition 
in which the patient's mind seems to return to its 
state when a child. 
puerpera (pu-er'per-ah) [L. pu'er boy + par1 ere to 
bear]. A woman in childbed. 
puerperal (pu-ePper-al) [L. puerpera'lis]. Per- 
taining to childbirth. 
puerperalism (pu-er'per-al-izm). A diseased con- 
dition incident to childbirth. 
puerperant (pu-er'per-ant). A puerperal woman. 
puerperium (pu-er-pe're-um) [L,]. The period 
or state of confinement; childbed. 
PTYALOSE 
912 
puff (puf). A short, blowing, auscultation sound, 
veiled p., a faint, muffled pulmonary murmur. 
puffball (puf'bawl). See Lycoperdon. 
pugil, pugillus (pu'jil, pu-jil'us) [L. pugil'lus]. 
A handful. 
pujos blancos (poo'hos blahnk'os) [Sp. "white 
straining"]. A Chilian dysentery with white dis- 
charges. 
pulegone (pu'leg-6n). A volatile oil, a ketone, Cw, 
HieO, from pennyroyal oil. 
Pulex (pu'leks), pl. pu'lices [L. " flea "]. A genus 
of fleas which are parasitic on man and on dogs, 
cats, and badgers. P. cheo'pis. See Xenopsylla 
cheopis. P. ir'ritans, the common flea of Europe, 
is parasitic in the skin of man, its bite producing 
itching. P. pen'etrans, the chigo or jigger-flea. 
See Chigger. P. serrat'iceps. See Ctenocephalus 
canis. 
pulicicide, pulicide (pu-lis'is-id, pu'lis-id) [L. pu'- 
lex flea + ca'dere to kill]. Anything which will 
destroy fleas. 
Pulicidae (pu-lis'id-e). A family of the Hemiptera 
which includes most of the fleas. Four genera are 
important to man: Pulex, Ceratophyllus, Cteno- 
cephalus, and Xenopsylla. 
pullulate (pul'u-lat). To germinate. 
pullulation (pul-u-la'shun) [L. pullula're to sprout]. 
The act or process of budding or of sprouting; 
germination. 
Pulm. Abbreviation for L. pulmen'turn, gruel. 
pulmo-aortic (pul"mo-a-or'tik). Pertaining to the 
lungs and the aorta. 
pulmoform (pul'mo-form). Guiaform. 
pulmometer (pul-mom'et-er) [L. pul'mo lung + 
me'trum measure]. A form of spirometer for 
measuring the capacity of the lungs for air. 
pulmometry (pul-mom'et-re). The measurement 
of the lung capacity. 
pulmonal (pul'mo-nal). Pulmonary. 
pulmonary (pul'mo-na-re) [L. pulmona'rius]. Per- 
taining to the lungs. 
pulmonectomy (pul-mo-nek'to-me). Same as 
pneumonectomy. 
pulmonic (pul-mon'ik). i. Pertaining to the lungs; 
pulmonary. 2. Pertaining to the pulmonary 
artery. 
pulmonin (pul'mo-nin). A dry therapeutic ex- 
tract of calves' lungs: used in pulmonary dis- 
eases. 
pulmonitis (pul-mo-ni'tis). Inflammation of the 
lungs; pneumonia. 
pulmotor (pul'mo-tor) [L. pul'mo lung + mo'tor 
mover]. An apparatus for producing artificial 
respiration by forcing oxygen into the lungs, and, 
when they are distended, sucking out the air. 
pulmozym (pul'mo-zlm). A therapeutic prepara- 
tion of lung tissue. 
pulpation (pul-pa'shun). The process or state of 
reduction to a pulp. 
pulp (pulp) [L. pul'pa]. Any soft, juicy animal or 
vegetable tissue. In dentistry, the dental pulp, 
p. canal, that part of the pulp-cavity which is 
within the root of a tooth, p.-cavity, the space 
within a tooth containing the dental pulp, p.- 
chamber, that portion of the pulp cavity which 
is contained within the crown portion of a tooth, 
dead p., non-vital pulp, dental p., dentinal 
p., the soft, vascular tissue occupying the pulp 
chamber and the root canals of a tooth, composed 
of nerves, blood-vessels, and connective tissue, 
devital p., devitalized p., non-vital pulp, 
digital p., the soft cushion on the palmar or 
plantar surface of the distal phalanx of a finger or 
toe. exposed p., the condition in which the 
denture covering the dental pulp is absent, mum- 
mified p., dental pulp affected with dry gangrene, 
non-vital p., dental pulp which is dead, punc- PULPA 
913 
PULSE 
tured p., exposed pulp, splenic p., the dark, 
reddish-brown substance which fills up the inter- 
spaces of the trabeculae of the spleen, p.-stone. 
See nodule, pulp, tooth p., dental pulp, vac- 
cine p., the semisolid material as it is taken from 
the calf before it has been ground with glycerin, 
vertebral p., the. soft central portion of an inter- 
vertebral disk, vital p., dental pulp which is 
alive. 
pulpa (pul'pah) [L. "flesh"]. Pulp. p. den'tis 
[B N A], dental pulp. 
pulpal (pul'pal). Pertaining to the pulp. 
pulpalgia (pul-pal'je-ah) [pulp + Gr. aXyos pain]. 
Pain in the dental pulp; pulpitis. 
pulpation (pul-pa'shun). Pulpefaction. 
pulpectomy (pul-pek'to-me) [pulp 4- Gr. eKTonij 
excision]. Removal of the dental pulp from a 
tooth. 
pulpefaction (pul-pe-fak'shun) [L. pul'pa pulp + 
fa'cere to make]. Conversion into pulp. 
pulpiform (pul-pif-orm). Resembling pulp. 
pulpitis (pul-pi'tis). Inflammation of the dental 
pulp. 
pulpotomy (pul-pot'o-me) [pulp + Gr. tout] a 
cut]. Incision into the pulp of a tooth. 
pulpy (pul'pe). Soft or pultaceous. 
pulque (pul'ke). A fermented drink made in 
Mexico and Central America from the juice of 
agave or maguey. 
pulsate (pul'sat). To beat rhythmically, as the 
heart. 
pulsatile (pul'sa-til). Characterized by a rhyth- 
mic pulsation. 
pulsatilla (pul-sat-il'ah). The ranunculaceous 
flowering herb, Anemo'ne pulsatil'la; also A. praten'- 
sis. It contains anemonin and anemonic acid. It 
is alterative, depressant, and useful in inflamma- 
tions, as orchitis, epididymitis, otitis media, dys- 
menorrhea, asthma, bronchitis, etc. Dose of tinc- 
ture or fluidextract, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); 
in substance, 2-3 gr. (0.133-0.18 gm.). 
pulsation (pul-sa'shun) [L. pulsa'tio]. A throb or 
rhythmic beat, as of the heart, suprasternal 
p., arterial pulsation in the region of the supra- 
sternal notch, due to dilatation of the aortic arch 
or to aneurysm. 
pulse (puls) [L. pul'sus stroke]. The expansion 
and contraction of an artery which may be felt 
with the finger. The pulse is usually felt on the 
radial artery at the wrist, though it may be felt 
over the temporal, carotid, ulnar, brachial, femoral, 
and other arteries. The pulse-rate or number of 
pulsations of an artery a minute in the adult is 
varied from 67 to 72, abdominal p., the pulse 
seen in emaciated persons over the abdominal 
aorta, abrupt p., a pulse which strikes the 
finger rapidly; a quick pulse, allorhythmic p., a 
pulse marked by irregularities in rhythm, ana- 
crotic p., one with two or more expansions to a 
beat, anadicrotic p., a pulse in which the as- 
cending limb of the tracing has two notches, 
angry p. Same as wiry p. arachnoid p., a 
thread-like pulse: a small, feeble, tremulous pulse, 
ardent p., a pulse which appears to strike the 
finger at a single point, p.-area, the surface 
above the wrist-joint at which the radial pulse 
is commonly felt, auriculovenous p., jugu- 
lar pulsation in which the wave due to the auricle 
precedes the ventricular contraction. Called 
also normal venous p. and negative venous p. Bam- 
berger's bulbar p., a pulsation observable 
in the bulbus of the jugular vein and synchronous 
with the systole. It occurs in tricuspid inade- 
quacy. bigeminal p., a pulse in which two beats 
follow each other in rapid succession, each group 
of two being separated from the following by 
a longer interval, bisferious p. See pulsus bis- 
firiens. bulbar p., Bamberger's pulse, can- 
non-ball p. Corrigan's pulse, capillary 
58 
p., an intermittent filling and emptying of the 
skin capillaries. caprizant p. See goat- 
leap p. catacrotic p., one which makes 
a break in the line of descent of the sphygmo- 
gram. catadicrotic p., one with a pri- 
mary and secondary expansion in the line of de- 
scent of the sphygmogram. catatricrotic p., 
one which produces three breaks in the line of de- 
scent of the sphygmogram. p.-clock, an old 
device for determining the pulse-rate, collaps- 
ing p. Same as Corrigan s p. convulsive p., a 
pulse which is unequal in force and rhythm, cordy 
p., a tense, firm pulse. Corrigan's p., a jerky 
pulse with a full expansion, followed by a sudden 
collapse. It occurs in aortic regurgitation. Called 
also water-hammer p. coupled p., bigeminal pulse, 
p.-curve. Same as sphygmogram. decurtate 
p., a pulse which gradually tapers away in strength 
like the tail ot a mouse. Called also mouse-tail p. 
and myurous p. deficient p., a pulse marked 
by an occasional lack of a beat, due to failure 
of the heart to contract, dicrotic p., one 
having two marked expansions in one beat of 
the artery. It is seen in cases of lowered arterial 
tension, dropped-beat p., intermittent pulse, 
elastic p., a full pulse which gives an elastic 
feeling to the finger, entoptic p., the sub- 
jective sensation of seeing in the dark a flash of 
light at each heart-beat, epigastric p. Same as 
abdominal p. febrile p., a pulse characteristic 
of fever. With the onset of fever it is full and 
bounding, but becomes weak and feeble as the fever 
subsides, filiform p. Same as thready p. formi- 
cant p., a small, nearly imperceptible pulse, fre- 
quent p., one which is faster in rate than what 
is ordinary or normal, full p., one with a copious 
volume of blood, funic p., the arterial tide in 
the umbilical cord, gaseous p., a very soft, 
full pulse, goat-leap p., an irregular and bound- 
ing pulse. guttural p., a pulse felt in the 
throat, hard p., one which is characterized 
by very high tension, high-tension p., one 
characterized by a gradual impulse, long duration, 
slow subsidence, and a firm, cordy state of the 
artery between the beats, hyperdicrotic p., 
one whose sphygmogram shows an aortic notch 
below the base-line: a sign of extreme exhaustion, 
infrequent p., one which is abnormally slow 
in rate or in the count to a minute, intermit- 
tent p., one in which various beats are dropped, 
irregular p., one in which the beats occur at 
irregular intervals, jerky p., a pulse in which 
the artery is suddenly and markedly distended, 
jugular p., a pulsation of the jugular vein. 
Kussmaul's p. See paradoxic p. locomo- 
tive p. Same as Corrigan's p. long p., one 
in which the stroke is markedly prolonged, low- 
tension p., a pulse with a sudden onset, short 
duration, and quick decline, and which is easily 
obliterated by pressure, mitralized p., the 
irregularity of the pulse often seen in mitral dis- 
ease. Monneret's p., a full, slow, and soft 
pulse characteristic of jaundice, monocrot- 
ic p., a pulse without dicrotism. mouse-tail p. 
See decurtate p. myurous p. See decurtate p. 
nail-p., the circulation and pulsation of blood 
under the nails: usually determined by the 
onychograph, paradoxic p., one that is 
weaker during inspiration, as in some cases of 
adherent pericardium. Called also Kussmaul's p. 
pistol-shot p., a form in which the arteries are 
subject to sudden distention and collapse, poly- 
crotic p., one with several secondary pulse-waves, 
pulmonary p., the second sound of the heart as 
heard over the pulmonary valve, quadrigem- 
inal p., one with a pause after every fourth beat, 
quick p., one which strikes the finger smartly 
and leaves it quickly: a frequent pulse, is also 
termed quick. Called also short p. Quincke's 
p., a perceptible nail-pulse: alternate flushing 
and blanching of the nails, due to aortic insuffi- 
ciency. radial p., that which is taken at the 
radial artery, respiratory p., a pulsation ob- PULSE DEFICIT 
914 
PUNCTUM 
served even in health in the superficial cervical 
veins after rapid exercise, retrosternal p., a 
venous pulse perceptible just above the supra- 
sternal notch. Riegel's p., a pulse which is 
diminished in size during expiration, run- 
ning p., a pulse with but small excursions 
and those irregular. shabby p., a pecu- 
liar feeble and ill-defined pulse, due to a 
weak heart and relaxed vascular tension, sharp 
p. Same as jerky p. short p. See quick p. 
slow p. Same as infrequent p.; also one of a pro- 
longed systole and diastole, soft p., a pulse of 
low tension, strong p., one that is hard or wiry, 
tense p., a pulse that is hard and full, but without 
wide excursions, thready p., one that is very 
fine and scarcely perceptible, trembling p., 
tremulous p. Same as running p. tricrotic 
p., one that is marked by three abnormally 
distinct sphygmographic waves to the pulse-beat, 
trigeminal p., one with a pause after every 
third beat, trip-hammer p., Corrigan's pulse, 
undulating p., a pulse giving the sensation 
of successive waves, unequal p., a pulse in 
which some of the beats are strong and others 
weak, vaginal p., arterial pulsation sometimes 
perceptible in the vagina in pregnancy or inflam- 
matory disease, venous p., the pulsation which 
occurs in a vein. It is usually taken at the right 
jugular vein just above the sternoclavicular junc- 
tion. ventricular venous p., jugular pulsation 
in which the auricular wave disappears or coin- 
cides with the period of ventricular systole. Called 
also positive venous p. or pathologic venous p. 
vermicular p., a small rapid pulse giving to 
the finger a sensation of worm-like movement, 
vibrating p. Same as jerky p. water-ham- 
mer p. Same as Corrigan's p. wiry p., a small, 
tense pulse. 
pulse deficit. The difference between the heart 
rate and the pulse rate. 
pulse rate. See under rate. 
pulsellum (pul-sel'um) [L.]. A posterior pro- 
pelling flagellum. 
pulsiloge (pul'sil-bj). An obsolete form of pulse- 
clock. 
pulsilogram (pul-sil'o-gram). An obsolete in- 
strument for ascertaining the pulse-rate. 
pulsimeter (pul-sim'et-er) [L. pul'sus pulse + me'- 
trum measure]. An apparatus for measuring the 
force of the pulse. 
pulsometer (pul-som'et-er) [L. pul'sus pulse 4- Gr. 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring the 
rate of flow of the blood. 
pulsus (pul'sus). Latin for pulse, p. abdomina'- 
lis, a soft pulse often felt in abdominal diseases, 
p. altern'ans, a pulse in which there is regular 
alternation of weak and strong beats. It is a 
variety of cardiac arhythmia indicating lesion of 
the myocardium. p. bigem'inus. Same 
as bigeminal pulse, p. bisfer'iens, p. bifer'- 
iens, a dicrotic pulse in which the waves are of 
nearly equal height, p. capTisans, goat- 
leap pulse, p. ce'ler, a swift, abrupt pulse, 
p. celer'rimus, a water-hammer pulse, p. 
cor'dis, the apex-beat of the heart, p. deb'- 
ilis, a weak pulse, p. defic'iens, a pulse 
showing occasional intermittence from failure of 
the ventricle to contract, p. dele'tus, absence 
of pulse, seen in aortic aneurysm, p. du'plex, 
dicrotic pulse, p. for'micans, formicant pulse, 
p. heterochron'icus, an arhythmic pulse, p. 
inter'cidens, p. inter cur Tens, a pulse in 
which there is an extra beat. p. mag'nus, a 
large, full pulse, p. monoc'rotus, monocrotic 
pulse, p. oppres'sus, a pulse which appears to 
be pushing its way through a contracted artery, 
p. paradox'us, a paradoxic pulse (q. v. under 
pulse), p. par'vus, a small pulse, p. pseudo- 
intermit'tens, a pulse showing an occasional 
intermittence, owing to a feeble contraction of 
the ventricle, p. ra'rus, a slow pulse due to 
prolongation of the heart's pause, p. tar'dus, 
an abnormally slow pulse due to a prolongation 
of the systole or diastole, p. trigeminus, tri- 
geminal pulse. p. undulo'sus, a pulse char- 
acterized by a series of waves, p. vac'uus, an 
extremely weak pulse, p. veno'sus, venous pulse, 
pultaceous (pul-ta'shus) [L. pulta'ceus]. Like a 
pulp or poultice. 
pulv. An abbreviation for L. pul'vis powder. 
pulverflator (pul'ver-fla-tor). A proprietary ap- 
paratus for blowing powders. 
pulverin (pul'ver-in). See barilla. 
pulverization (pul"ver-i-za'shun) [L. pul'vis pow- 
der]. The reduction of any substance to powder. 
pulverulent (pul-ve/u-lent) [L. pulverulent tus\. 
Powdery; dust-like. 
pulvinar (pul-vi'nar) [L. " cushion "]. The pos- 
terior and inner part of the optic thalamus, em- 
bedded within the crus cerebri, p. epiglot'tidis. 
See cushion of the epiglottis. 
pulvinate (pul'vin-at) [L. pulvi'nus cushion]. 
Shaped like a cushion. 
pulvis (pul'vis), pl. pul'veres. Latin for powder. 
p. aeroph'orus, p. aeroph'orus an'glicus. 
See effervescing powder, p. aeroph'orus lax'- 
ans, p. efferves'cens compos'itus. See 
seidlitz powder, p. antimonia'lis. See James' 
powder. See also under powder, p. cme'reus, 
hydrargyrum cum creta. p. cutico'lor [L. 
"skin-colored powder"], oxid of zinc (2 gm.), 
magnesium carbonate (3 gm.), white bole (3 gm.), 
red bole (2 gm.), rice-starch (10 gm.): used in skin 
diseases, p. gummo'sus, a powder made of lic- 
orice, gum arabic, and sugar: used as an excipient. 
pulvola (pul-vo'lah). A proprietary epipastic or 
dusting-powder: said to be a powdered oil. 
pump (pump). An apparatus for drawing or forcing 
fluids or gases, air-p., a pump for exhausting 
or forcing in air. Alvegniat's p., a mercurial 
air-pump: used in measuring the free gaseous con- 
stituents of the blood, breast-p., a pump for 
abstracting milk from the breast, dental p., an 
apparatus for removing saliva from the mouth 
in dental operations, stomach-p., a pump for 
removing poisons from the stomach. 
pumpkin (pump'kin). See pepo. 
puna (poo'nah). Mountain sickness. 
Puna'ria ascochin'gse. A plant of Sierra Chiga 
(Argentina), regarded as a specific in asthma and 
mountain sickness. 
punched-out edges. The characteristic feature 
of the deep ulcers of subcutaneous syphilitic 
gummata. 
puncta (punk'tah). Plural of Latin punc'tum point. 
See punctum. 
punctate (punk'tat). 1. [L. punc'tum point]. 
Resembling or marked with points or dots. 2. 
The fluid obtained by an exploratory puncture. 
punctiform (punk'tif-orm) [L. punc'tum point 4- 
for'ma shape]. Like a point; located in a point. 
In bacteriology, said of very minute colonies. 
punctograph (punk'to-graf) [L. punc'tum point 4- 
Gr. ypaipeiv to write]. An instrument for the 
radiographic localization of foreign bodies in the 
tissues. 
punctum (punk'tum), pl. punc'ta. Latin for 
point, p. cse'cum. Same as blind-spot. p. 
coxa'le, the highest point of the crest of the ilium, 
punc'ta doloro'sa, painful points in the course 
of nerves affected withneuralgia. Called also Val- 
leix's points, p. ischid'icum, the lower part of 
the crest of the ilium, punc'ta lacrima'lia [B 
N A], the outlets of the lacrimal canaliculi in the 
edges of the eyelids near the inner canthi, p. lu'- 
teum, the macula lutea. p. nasa'le infe'rius, 
the rhinion. p. prox'imum. Same as near- 
point. p. remo'tum. See far-point. p. sa'- 
liens, the vascular expansion in the embryo form- 
ing the primitive heart, punc'ta vasculo'sa. PUNCTUMETER 
915 
PURO 
minute red spots which mark the cut surface of the 
white substance of the brain. They are caused by 
blood from divided vessels. 
punctumeter (punk-tum'et-er) [L. punc'tum point 
4- Gr. perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the range of accommodation. 
punctura (punk-tu'rah) [L.j. Puncture, p. ex- 
plorato'ria, exploratory puncture. 
puncturatio (punk-tu-ra'she-o). The act of punc- 
turing. 
puncture (punk'tur) [L. punctu'ra], 1. An act 
of piercing. 2. A wound made by a pointed in- 
strument. Bernard's p., puncture on a definite 
point of the floor of that fourth ventricle causing 
artificial diabetes. Corning's p. Same as 
Quincke's p. diabetic p. Same as Bernard's p. 
epigastric p. See Marfan's method under method. 
exploratory p., the piercing of a cavity or tumor 
and the removal of some portion of the contents for 
the purpose of examination, heat p., elevation of 
the temperature of the animal body produced by 
puncturing the base of the brain. Kronecker's 
p., puncture of the inhibitory nerve-center of the 
heart by means of a long fine needle, lumbar 
p. See Quincke's p. Marfan's epigastric p. 
See Marfan's method under method. Quincke's 
p., the tapping of the spinal membranes in the 
lumbar region, chiefly for the purpose of obtaining 
cerebrospinal fluid for examination, spinal p. 
Same as lumbar p. 
punctured (punk'turd). 1. Pierced. 2. Caused 
by a prick or thrust. 
pungent (pun'jent) [L. pun'gens pricking]. Sharp 
or biting; somewhat acrid. 
punica (pu'nik-ah). See pomegranate. 
punicin (pu'nis-in). Same as pelletierin. 
punktograph (punk'to-graf). Same as puncto- 
graph. 
P. U. O. Abbreviation for "Pyrexia of unknown 
origin"; an English designation for trench fever 
(q. v.). 
pupa (pu'pah) [L. "a doll"]. The second stage in 
the development of an insect, between the larva 
and the imago. 
pupil (pu'pil) [L. pupil'la girl]. The opening 
at the center of the iris of the eye for the trans- 
mission of light. Argyll Robertson p., one 
which is miotic and which responds to accommoda- 
tion effort, but not to light, artificial p., one 
made by iridectomy, bounding p., a pupil 
which shows alternating dilatation and contrac- 
tion. Bumke's p., dilatation of the pupil 
following a psychic stimulus. It does not oc- 
cur in dementia praecox. cat's-eye p., one 
with a narrow vertical aperture. Hutchin- 
son's p., one dilated upon one side, keyhole 
p., a pupil with a coloboma on one side of the 
margin. Okew's p's, a condition in which one of 
the visual axes is deviated upward and the other 
downward, pin-hole p., one which is extremely 
contracted, stiff p., Argyll Robertson pupil. 
pupillary (pu'pil-a-re). Pertaining to the pupil. 
pupillometer (pu-pil-om'et-er) [L. pupil'la pupil 
4- mPtrum measure]. An instrument for meas- 
uring the width or diameter of the pupil. 
pupillomotor (pu-pil-o-mo'tor). Pertaining to the 
movement of the pupil. 
pupilloscopy (pu-pil-os'ko-pe) [L. pupil'la pupil 
+ Gr. aKorrelv to inspect]. Same as skiascopy. 
pupillostatometer (pu-pil"o-stat-om'et-er) [L. 
pupil'la pupil 4- Gr. ararbs placed 4- perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the dis- 
tance between the pupils. 
pural (pu'ral). Powdered wood-charcoal saturated 
with menthol and with carbolic and benzoic acids. 
It is burned as a disinfectant and for the relief 
of whooping-cough. 
Purdy's solution (per'dez) [Charles Wesley 
Purdy, American physician, 1846-1901]. See 
solution. 
pure (pur) [L. pu'rus], Free from mixture of other 
matters. A reagent is chemically pure when it con- 
tains no other chemicals that might interfere with 
its action. 
purgacion (poor-gah-se-on') [Sp.]. A Peruvian 
term for gonorrhea. 
purgatin (pur'ga-tin). The diacetyl ester of anthra- 
purpurin, a yellowish-brown powder, insoluble 
in cold water and dilute acids, but somewhat 
soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether. It is 
the purgative principle of nearly all vegetable 
cathartics, and is used as a laxative. Dose, 24 gr. 
(1.5 gm.). Called also purgatol. 
purgation (pur-ga'shun) [L. purga'tio], Cathar- 
sis; purging effected by a cathartic medicine. 
purgative (pu/gat-iv) [L. purgati'vus], 1. Cathar- 
tic; causing evacuations from the bowels. 2. 
A cathartic medicine. Purgatives are divided, 
chiefly according to the severity of their action, 
into several classes-drastic, simple, saline, hydra- 
gogue, cholagogue, and laxative. Among the drastic 
purgatives are colocynth, croton oil, jalap, scam- 
mony, and gamboge. The simple purgatives are 
aloes, castor oil, rhubarb, senna, etc. Under 
the head saline are magnesium sulphate, sodium 
sulphate, potassium citrate, potassium tartrate, 
and sodium phosphate. Hydragogues include 
potassium bitartrate, elaterium, and gamboge. 
Cholagogues comprise calomel, blue pill, iridin, 
podophyllin, etc. 
purgatol (pur'gat-ol). A yellow, crystalline powder, 
the diacetyl ester of anthrapurpurin, CeH^COX- 
CrHXOHXO.CO.CHsX: used as a cathartic. Dose, 
7-i5 gr- (0.5-1 gm.). 
purge (purj) [L. purga're]. 1. To relieve of fecal 
matter. 2. A purgative remedy or dose. 
purgen (pur'jen). A name for phenolphthalein. 
purgerine (puUjer-in). A proprietary aromatic 
syrup of senna: laxative. 
purging-nut (purj'ing). See Curcas. 
puriform (pu'rif-orm) [L. pus pus + foPma form]. 
Resembling pus. The term is applied to the 
contents of cold abscesses which resemble pus. 
purin, purine (pu'rin) [L. pus]. An organic com- 
pound, C5H4N4, the fundamental form of the 
purin bases (q. v.) which are derived from it by 
substitution. Methyl purins, alkaloids formed from 
purin by substituting methyl groups, usually in 
positions 1, 3, or 7. The principal ones are caffein, 
which is 1, 3, 7-trimethyl purin and the dimethyl 
purins, theobromin (1, 3), and theophyllin (3, 7). 
Purin bases or purin bodies are modified forms of 
purin found in the urine. Some of the oxy- and 
amino-purins are constituents of or derived from 
nucleic acid, for example, 6-amino purin is adenin, 
6-oxypurin is hypoxanthin, 2-amino 6-oxypurin is 
guanin, 2, 6-dioxypurin is xanthin and 2, 6, 8-tri- 
oxypurin is uric acid. 
purinemia (pu-rin-e'me-ah) [purin + Gr. al pa 
blood]. The presence of purin bases in the blood, 
purinemic (pu-rin-e'mik). Pertaining to or affected 
with purinemia. 
purinometer (pu-rin-om'et-er) [purin ' + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for estimating the 
quantity of purin-bodies in the urine. 
puritas (pu'rit-as). An antiseptic preparation of 
sodium borate, carbolic acid, eucalyptus, etc. 
Purkinje's cells (pur-kin'jez) [Johannes Evangel- 
ista Purkinje, Hungarian physiologist, 1787-1850]. 
See cell. P's fibers, reticulated moniliform fibers 
in the subendocardial tissue. P's figures, sets 
of dark lines on a yellowish background, seen by 
candle-light in the eye and produced by the retinal 
vessels. P's vesicle. See vesicle. 
Purkinje-Sanson's images (pur-kin'je-san'sonz). 
See image 
puro (pu'ro). The expressed, concentrated, and 
sterilized juice of beef. PUROFORM 
916 
PUTRESCIN 
puroform (pu'ro-form). A proprietary antiseptic 
and disinfectant preparation. 
purohepatitis (pu"ro-hep-at-i'tis) [pus + hepati- 
tis]. Suppurative inflammation of the liver. 
puromucous (pu-ro-mu'kus). Consisting of or 
containing pus and mucus; mucopurulent. 
puron (pu'ron). A compound, C6H8N4O2, obtained 
by electrolysis of uric acid. 
puronal (pu'ro-nal). A proprietary compound of 
acetanilid (97.6 per cent.) and bismuth oxyiodid 
(2.4 per cent.): antiseptic. 
purple, visual (pur'pl). Same as rhodopsin. 
Stewart's p., 1 gr. of iodin in 1 oz. of vaselin. 
purpura (pur'pu-rab) [L. " purple "]. A disease 
characterized by the formation of purple patches 
on the skin and mucous membranes, due to sub- 
cutaneous extravasation of blood. p. abdomi- 
na'lis, Henoch's purpura, p. angioneurot'- 
ica, a disorder marked by cutaneous hemor- 
rhages, hyperesthesia, angioneurotic edema, and 
gastric crisis, p. annula'ris telangiecto'- 
des, a skin affection of young males marked by an 
eruption of the lower limbs below the knees, which 
is at first telangiectatic, then purpuric, and finally 
atrophic. The appearance of the eruption is pre- 
ceded by rheumatic pains, p. bullo'sa, pemphi- 
gus hsemorrhagicus. p. ful'minans, a form of 
purpura marked by rapid development and great 
prostration, often resulting in death within twenty- 
four hours, p. hsemorrha'gica, a severe form 
of purpura with copious hemorrhages from the mu- 
cous membranes and severe constitutional symp- 
toms. Called also morbus maculosus werlhofii, land 
scurvy, and Werlhof's disease. Henoch's p., an 
obscure disease seen chiefly in children, marked 
by a purpuric eruption complicated with intesti- 
nal disturbances, such as pain, diarrhea, and 
vomiting, rheumatism and swelling of the joints, 
hemorrhages from mucous membranes, and often 
by splenomegalia. Called also p. nervosa, p. 
iod'ica, a purpuric eruption usually on the lower 
extremities, sometimes accompanying the use of 
iodids. Landouzy's p., a form with grave sys- 
temic disturbances, p. maculo'sa. Same as 
acne scorbutica, malignant p., cerebrospinal 
fever, p. nervo'sa. Same as Henoch's p. p. 
pulico'sa, the formation of purplish spots, or 
taches bleuatres, due to the bites of insects, p. 
rheumat'ica, purpura with severe pains and 
fever. Called also peliosis rheumatica. p. seni'- 
lis, a purpuric eruption on the legs of old or de- 
: bilitated persons, p. sim'plex, purpura with 
slight or trifling symptoms, p. symptomat'ica, 
a purpuric eruption seen in eruptive fevers, p. 
; ur'ticans, purpura associated with the forma- 
tion of wheals and with itching, vesical p., a 
hemorrhagic eruption on the mucous membrane of 
the bladder, occurring in Werlhoff's disease. 
purpuric (pur-pu'rik). Of the nature of, pertaining 
to, or affected with, purpura. 
purpuriferous (pur-pu-rif'er-us) (L. pur'pura 
purple + fer're to bear]. Producing a purple 
pigment. 
purpurin (pur'pu-rin). 1. Same as uroerythrin. 
2. A red, crystallizable principle, C14H8O5, from 
madder: it gives a red or violet stain. 
purpurinuria (pur"pu-rin-u're-ah). The pres- 
ence of uroerythrin in the urine; porphyrinuria. 
purpuriparous (pur-pu-rip'ar-us) [L. pur'pura 
purple + par'ere to produce]. Same as purpu- 
riferous. 
purpurogenous (pur-pu-roj'en-us) [L. pur'pura 
purple 4- Gr. yevvav to produce]. Producing the 
visual purple. 
purring (pur'ing). Having a tremulous quality, 
like the pur of a cat. 
pursianin (pur-si'an-in). A brown, oily liquid 
glucosid from Rham'nus purshia'na: laxative. 
purulence, purulency (pu'ru-lens, pu'ru-len-se) 
[L. purulen'tia]. The condition or fact of being 
purulent. 
purulent (pu'ru-lent) [L. purulen'tus]. Consisting 
of or containing pus; associated with the formation 
of or caused by pus. 
puruloid (pu'ru-loid). Resembling pus; puriform. 
purupuru (poo-roo-poo-roo'). A contagious skin 
disease endemic in parts of Brazil, in which the 
skin gradually becomes whitened. It is believed 
to be of microbic origin. 
pus (pus), pl. pu'ra [L. gen. pu'ris]. A liquid in- 
flammation product made up of cells (leuko- 
cytes) and a thin fluid called liquor puris. an- 
chovy-sauce p., the brownish pus seen in amebic 
abscess of the liver, blue p., pus with a bluish 
tint, produced by Bacil'lus pyocya'neus. p. bo'~ 
num et laudab'ile. See laudable p. cheesy 
p., thick, nearly solid pus. curdy p., pus 
mixed with cheesy flakes, green p., pus having 
a greenish tint, ichorous p., a thin, acrid pus, 
often having an ill smell, secreted by unhealthy 
surfaces, laudable p., p. laudan'dum, a 
creamy yellow, inodorous pus, secreted by a 
healthy granulating surface, and regarded as indi- 
cative of less danger than other varieties, p.- 
organisms, microorganisms chiefly found in the 
pus of furuncles; generally, Staphylococ' cus pyog'enes 
au'reus. p.-pan, a receptacle for escaping pus. 
p.-poultice, a mass of pus formerly allowed to 
remain on a sore, with the idea that it was the 
natural dressing of such a lesion, sanious p., 
bloody pus, often ichorous and ill-smelling. p.- 
tube. Same as pyosalpinx. 
pustula (pust'u-lah). Latin for pus'tule. p. ma- 
lig'na, anthrax. 
pustulant (pus'tu-lant). i. An agent that causes 
pustulation. 2. Causing pustulation. 
pustular (pus'tu-lar). Pertaining to or of the na- 
ture of a pustule; consisting of pustules. 
pustulation (pus-tu-la'shun). The formation of 
pustules. 
pustule (pus'tul) [L. pus'tula]. A small elevation 
of the cuticle filled with pus or lymph, com- 
pound p., one which is made up of more than 
one chamber, malignant p., true anthrax, 
postmortem p., a pustule resulting from 
infection in handling a cadaver. primary p., 
one formed without any previous lesion, second- 
ary p., one which is preceded by a vesicle or 
papule, simple p., one which consists of a single 
cavity. 
pustuliform (pus'tu-lif-orm) [L. pus'tula pustule 
+ for'ma shape]. Resembling a pustule. 
pustulocrustaceous (pus"tu-lo-krus-ta'shus). 
Pustular and having a crust or scab. 
pustulo-ulcerating (pus"tu-lo-ul'ser-a-ting). Pus- 
tular and ulcerating. 
putamen (pu-ta'men) [L. "shell"]. [B N A] The 
outer and darker part of the lenticular nucleus. 
putrefaction (pu-tre-fak'shun) [L. putrefac'tio]. 
The decomposition of animal or vegetable mat- 
ters effected largely by the agency of microor- 
ganisms, and resulting in the production of var- 
ious solid, liquid, and gaseous matters, some 
of which have a foul odor. Among the products 
of putrefaction are amido-acids, fatty acids, pto- 
mains, the final decomposition of which results 
in the formation of ammonia and ammonium com- 
pounds, hydrogen, sulphureted hydrogen, merkap- 
tans, nitrogen, carbon dioxid, methane, and water. 
putrefactive (pu-tre-fak'tiv) Pertaining to or of 
the nature of putrefaction. 
putrescence (pu-tres'ens). Putridity; partial or 
complete rottenness. 
putrescent (pu-tres'ent) [L. putres'cens decaying]. 
Rotting; undergoing putrefaction. 
putrescin (pu-tres'in). A liquid, poisonous, and 
ill-smelling ptomain, NH2(CH2)4NH2, or tetra- methylene-diamin, from decaying animal tissues 
and from cultures of the comma-bacillus and the 
bacteria of the feces. It is produced from the 
amino-acid, omithin, by the loss of CO2. It is 
thought to be one of the causes of the symptoms of 
cholera. See ptomains, table of. 
putrid (pu'trid) [L. pu'trid us]. Characterized by 
putrefaction; rotten or corrupt. 
putrilage (pu'tril-aj) [L. putrila'go]. Putrescent 
or putrid matter. 
putromain (pu-tro-ma'in). Any poison produced 
by the decomposition of food within the living 
body. 
putty, Horsley's (put'e). A compound of wax, 
vaselin, and phenol: used in controlling hemor- 
rhage from the diploe. 
Puzos' method (pu-zbz') [Nicholas Puzos, accouch- 
eur in Paris, 1686-1753]. See under method. 
pyaemia (pi-e'me-ah). See pyemia. 
pyarthrosis (pi-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. ttvov pus + apdpov 
joint]. Suppuration within a joint-cavity. 
Pycnanthemum (pik-nan'the-mum) [Gr. ttvkvos 
dense + avdepov bloom]. A genus of labiate 
American plants, called basil and mountain mint: 
aromatic and carminative; resembling penny- 
royal and spearmint in taste and smell. 
pycnemia (pik-ne'me-ah). See pyknemia. 
pycno-. For words thus beginning, see under 
pykno-. 
pyecchysis (pi-ek'kis-is) [Gr. ttvov pus + Ik out 
+ to pour]. The effusion of purulent matter. 
pyelectasia (pi-el-ek-ta'se-ah). Pyelectosis. 
pyelectasis (pi-el-ek'tas-is) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis 4- 
eKraais distention]. Dilatation of the renal pelvis. 
pyelitic (pi-e-lit'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
pyelitis. 
pyelitis (pi-el-i'tis) [Gr. TrheXos pelvis]. Inflam- 
mation of the pelvis of the kidney. It may be 
due to renal calculus, to extension of inflamma- 
tion from the bladder, or to stagnation of the 
urine. It is attended by pain and tenderness in 
the loins, irritability of the bladder, remittent 
fever, bloody or purulent urine, diarrhea, vomit- 
ing, and a peculiar pain on flexion of the thigh, 
calculous p., that which is caused by calculi, 
hemorrhagic p., that which is attended with 
hemorrhage, suppurative p., a form with de- 
velopment of pus which causes abscess of the kid- 
ney, or pyonephrosis. 
pyelocystitis (pi"el-o-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis 
+ Kvar is bladder + -tris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the renal pelvis and of the bladder. 
pyelocystostomosis (pi"el-o-sis"to-sto-mo'sis) 
[Gr. TTveXos pelvis + Kvar is bladder 4- arbpa. 
mouth]. The surgical formation of a communi- 
cation between the renal pelvis and the bladder. 
pyelogram (pi'el-o-gram) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis 4- 
ypappa mark]. Pyelograph. 
pyelograph (pi'el-o-graf). A radiograph of the 
kidney and ureter. 
pyelography (pi-el-og'raf-e) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis + 
ypaipeiv to draw]. Radiography of the kidney 
and ureter after the structures have been filled 
with a solution of silver salt. 
pyelolithotomy (pi"el-o-lith-ot'o-me) [Gr. irveXos 
pelvis + XIOos stone + ropi) cutting]. The opera- 
tion of excising a renal calculus from the pelvis 
of the kidney. 
pyelometer (pi-el-om'et-er) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis + 
perpov measure]. Same as pelvimeter. 
pyelometry (pi-el-om'et-re) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis + 
perpov measure]. 1. Measurement of the renal 
pelvis. 2. Pelvimetry. 
pyelon (pi'el-on) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis]. A colloidal 
silver iodid preparation used as a contrast medium 
in pyelography. 
pyelonephritis (pi"el-o-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. TrueXos pel- 
vis 4- vetppbs kidney 4- -tris inflammation]. In- 
PUTRID 
917 
flammation of the kidney and its pelvis, p. bacil- 
lo'sa bo'vum, an inflammatory purulent or 
diphtheric inflammation of the renal pelvis in 
cows, usually occurring shortly after parturition. 
It is caused by a bacillus. 
pyelonephrosis (pi"el-o-nef-ro'sis) [Gr. TrueXos 
pelvis + ve^pbs kidney]. Any disease of the 
kidney and its pelvis. 
pyeloplasty (pi'el-o-plas-te) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis 
4* 7rXa<TiTeiv to form], A plastic operation on 
the pelvis of the kidney. 
pyeloplication (pi"el-o-pli-ka'shun) [Gr. TrueXos 
pelvis 4- L. pli'ca fold]. Reduction in size of a 
dilated renal pelvis by infolding its walls by 
Lembert sutures. 
pyeloscopy (pi-el-os'ko-pe) [Gr. TrueXos pelvis + 
akottecv to view]. Roentgen-ray examination of 
the pelvis of the kidney. 
pyelotomy (pi-el-ot'o-me) [Gr. -n-veXos pelvis 4- 
ropq cutting]. Incision of the pelvis of the kid- 
ney. 
pyemesis (pi-em'es-is) [Gr. ttvov pus + e pea is 
vomiting]. Vomiting of purulent matter. 
pyemia, pyaemia (pi-e'me-ah) [Gr. ttvov pus + 
alpa blood]. A general septicemia in which second- 
ary foci of suppuration occur and multiple abscesses 
are formed. The condition is marked by fever, 
chills, sweating, jaundice, and abscess in various 
parts of the body. Called also metastatic infection. 
arterial p., a form due to the dissemination of 
emboli from cardiac thrombosis, cryptogenic 
p., that in which the source of infection is in a deep 
tissue, otogenous p., that which originates in 
disease of the ear. portal p., suppurative 
pylephlebitis. 
pyemic (pi-e'mik). Pertaining to or marked by 
pyemia. 
pyemid (pi-e'mid). Any metastatic skin affection 
developing in the course of pyemia. 
pyencephalus (pi-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. ttvov pus 4- 
eyxe^aXos brain]. Abscess of the brain. 
pyenin (pi'en-in). Paranuclein. 
pyesis (pi-e'sis). Same as pyosis. 
pygal (pi'gal) [Gr. irvyq rump]. Pertaining to the 
buttocks. 
pygalgia (pi-gal'je-ah) [Gr. irvyi] rump 4* aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the buttocks. 
Pygiopsyl'la aha'lae. The common rat flea of 
China and Japan. 
pygodidymus (pi-go-did'im-us) [Gr. irvyfi rump 4~ 
blbvpos twin], A monster-fetus with double hips 
and pelvis. 
pygomelus (pi-gom'el-us) [Gr. irvyr) rump 4- peXos 
limb]. A monster-fetus with a supernumerary 
limb or limbs attached to or near the buttock. 
pygopagus (pi-gop'ag-us) [Gr. Trvyq rump + Trqy- 
vvvai to fix], A twin fetal monster joined at the 
buttocks. 
pyic (pi'ik). Of or pertaining to pus. 
pyin (pi'in) [Gr. ttvov pus]. An albuminoid mucus- 
like substance found in pus, and separated from 
it by adding sodium chlorid and filtering. 
pyknemia (pik-ne'me-ah) [Gr. ttvkvos thick 4- 
aipa blood]. Thickening of the blood. 
pyknocardia (pik-no-kar'de-ah) [Gr. ttvkvos fre- 
quent + KapSia heart]. Same as tachycardia. 
pykno-epilepsy (pik-no-ep'il-ep-se). Pykno- 
lepsy. 
pyknohemia (pik-no-he'me-ah). Pyknemia. 
pyknolepsy (pik'no-lep-se) [Gr. ttvkvos frequent 4- 
epilepsy]. Recurring epileptiform attacks in chil- 
dren, resembling petit mal, but not of an epileptic 
nature. 
pyknometer (pik-nom'et-er) [Gr. ttvkvos thick 4- 
perpov measure], i. An instrument for measur- 
ing the thickness of parts of objects. 2. An in- 
strument for determining the specific gravity of 
the urine. 
PYKNOMETER PYKNOMORPHIC 
918 
PYODERMIA 
pyknomorphic, pyknomorphous (pik-no-mor'- 
fik, pik-no-mor'fus) [Gr. ttvkvos compact 4- pop<pi) 
form]. Having the stainable elements compactly 
arranged; a term applied to certain nerve-cells. 
pyknophrasia (pik-no-fra'ze-ah) [Gr. ttvkvos 
thick 4- ippaais speech]. Thickness of speech. 
pyknosis (pik-no'sis) [Gr. ttvkvomis condensation], 
A thickening; especially degeneration of a cell 
in which the protoplasmic substance becomes 
more dense and the size of the cell smaller. 
pyknosphygmia (pik-no-sfig'me-ah) [Gr. ttvkvos 
frequent 4- apvypbs pulse]. Same as tachy- 
cardia. 
pyknotic (pik-not'ik) [Gr. irvKvooriKbs]- I. Serving 
to close the pores. 2. Pertaining to pyknosis. 
pyla (pi'lah) [Gr. ttvXt) gate]. The passage from 
the third ventricle to the sylvian aqueduct. 
pylar (pi'lar). Pertaining to the pyla. 
pylemphraxis (pi-lem-fraks'is) [Gr. ttvXt) gate 4- 
epppa^cs stoppage]. Obstruction of the portal vein. 
pylephlebectasis (pi"le-fle-bek'tas-is) [Gr. ttvXt) 
gate 4- <pXep vein + eKraacs dilatation]. Dilata- 
tion of the portal vein. 
pylephlebitis (pi"le-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. irvX-q gate 4- 
<pXnp vein 4- -iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the portal vein. It usually results from 
intestinal disease. Suppurative pylephlebitis is 
marked by symptoms of pyemia, adhesive p., 
inflammation of the portal vein producing throm- 
bosis; pylethrombosis. 
pylethrombophleb itis (pi-le-throm"bo-fleb-i'tis) 
[Gr. ttvXt) gate 4- 0pbp0uais thrombosis 4- <pXep 
vein 4- -itis inflammation]. Thrombosis and in- 
flammation of the portal vein. 
pylethrombosis (pi"le-throm-bo'sis) [Gr. TraXy 
gate 4- thrombosis]. Thrombosis of the portal vein. 
pylic (pi'lik) [Gr. TrbXi) gate]. Pertaining to the 
portal vein. 
pylometer (pi-lom'et-er) [Gr. irvXi) gate + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring ob- 
struction at the entrance of the bladder. 
pylon (pi'lon). A temporary artificial leg. 
pyloralgia (pi-lo-ral'je-ah) [Gr. irvXwpos pylorus 4- 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the region of the pylorus. 
pylorectomy (pi-lo-rek'to-me) [Gr. irvXwpbs py- 
lorus 4- eKTopi) excision]. Excision of the pylorus. 
pyloric (pi-lor'ik). Pertaining to the pylorus. 
pyloristenosis (pi-lor"is-ten-o'sis) [Gr. rrvXupos 
pylorus 4- OTevcvaLs narrowing]. Stenosis, or nar- 
rowing, of the caliber of the pylorus. 
pyloritis (pi-lo-ri'tis). Inflammation of the py- 
lorus. 
pylorodilator (pi-lo"ro-di'la-tor). An instrument 
for dilating the pylorus for pylorospasm or stric- 
ture. 
pylorodiosis (pi-lo"ro-di-o'sis) [Gr. TrvXupos py- 
lorus 4- blowis pushing asunder]. The operation 
of dilating a stricture of the pylorus by the fingers, 
which are either inserted through a gastrotomy 
incision (Loreta's method) or invaginated in the 
anterior stomach-wall and thrust through the py- 
loric canal (Hahn's method). 
pylorogastrectomy (pi-lor"o-gas-trek'to-me). Ex- 
cision of the pyloric pocket in cases of bilocular 
stomach; excision of the pyloric portion of the 
stomach. 
pyloroplasty (pi-lo'ro-plas-te) [Gr. irvXwpbs py- 
lorus 4- TrXaaaeij' to form]. A plastic operation 
for the repair of a lesion of the pylorus; espe- 
cially the operation of enlarging the caliber of a 
strictured pylorus by dividing the strictured por- 
tion longitudinally, stretching the pylorus so that 
the longitudinal cut becomes a horizontal one, 
and stitching the edges of the wound in its new 
position. 
pyloroptosis (pi"lor-op-to'sis) [Gr. irvXwpbs py- 
lorus 4- irroMis falling]. Displacement of the 
pyloric end of the stomach. 
pylorospasm (pi-lo'ro-spazm) [Gr. irvXupbs py- 
lorus + arraapos spasm]. Spasm of the pylorus or 
of the pyloric portion of the stomach. 
pylorosteno'sis. Same as pyloristenosis. 
pylorostomy (pi-lor-os'to-me) [Gr. TrvXwpbs py- 
lorus + a to pa. mouth]. The formation of an 
opening through the abdominal wall into the py- 
loric end of the stomach for alimentary purposes. 
pylorus (pi-lo'rus) [Gr. TruXwpos; ttuXt? gate + ovpos 
guard]. The distal or duodenal aperture of the 
stomach; the aperture by which the stomach 
enters into the duodenum. It is surrounded by 
a fold of mucous membrane which contains cir- 
cular muscular fibers. 
pyo- [Gr. irvov pus]. A prefix signifying relation 
to pus. 
pyocele (pi'o-sel) [Gr. irvov pus + k^Xtj hernia]. 
Distention of a cavity or tube with pus due to re- 
tention; as an accumulation of pus in the scrotum. 
pyocelia (pi-o-se'le-ah) [Gr. irvov pus 4* KorXia 
cavity]. Pus in the abdominal cavity. 
pyocephalus (pi-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. irvov pus 4- 
KetpaXi) head]. The presence of purulent fluid in 
the cerebral ventricles. 
pyochezia (pi-o-ke'ze-ah) [Gr. irvov pus 4- xeteip 
to defecate]. Presence of pus in the stools. 
pyococcic (pi-o-kok'sik). Produced by pus-form- 
ing cocci. 
pyococcus (pi-o-kok'us). Any pus-forming coccus, 
pyocolpocele (pi-o-kol'po-sel) [Gr. irvov pus 4- 
koXttos vagina 4- ktjXt] tumor], A tumor of the 
vagina containing pus. 
pyocolpos (pi-o-kol'pos) [Gr. irvov pus 4- koXttos 
vagina]. A collection of pus within the vagina. 
pyoctanin (pi-ok'tan-in). See pyoktanin. 
pyoculture (pi'o-kul-tur) [Gr. irvov pus 4- culture]. 
A method of making comparative bacteriologic 
tests of pus from a suppurating lesion. Pus is col- 
lected from the wound in a pipet and part of it is 
plated on peptonized bouillon, the remainder being 
left in the pipet; both are placed in the incubator 
and examined after twenty-four hours. If there is 
more abundant development of bacteria in the pus 
than in the culture the pyoculture is positive, and 
indicates a struggle between the body and the in- 
vading bacteria which needs therapeutic aid from 
without. 
pyocyanase (pi-o-si'an-as). Any enzyme derived 
from cultures of Pseudomonas pyocya'neus. It is 
destructive to Pseudomonas pyocyaneus, and the 
bacilli of anthrax, diphtheria, typhoid, and plague. 
Its injection is said to confer immunity against 
anthrax. 
pyocyanic (pi-o-si-an'ik) [Gr. irvov pus 4- xuaws 
blue]. Pertaining to blue pus or to the Pseudo- 
monas pyocya'neus. 
pyocyanin (pi-o-si'an-in) [Gr. irvov pus 4- Kvavos 
blue]. A ptomain, C14H14NO2, the coloring- 
matter of blue pus, produced by the Pseudomonas 
pyocya'neus. 
pyocyanobacterin (pi-o-si"an-o-bak'ter-in). See 
bacterial vaccine, under vaccine. 
pyocyanogenic (pi"o-si-an-o-jen'ik). Producing 
pyocyanin. 
pyocyanolysin (pi"o-si-an-ol'is-in). A lysin from 
cultures of Bacil'lus Pyocya'neus. 
pyocyst (pi'o-sist) [Gr. irvov pus 4- cyst]. A cyst 
containing pus. 
pyocyte (pi'o-sit) [Gr. irvov pus 4- kIttos cell]. A 
pus-corpuscle. It is regarded as a leukocyte. 
pyodermatitis (pi"o-der-mat-i'tis). Dermatitis 
from pyogenic infection. 
pyodermatosis (pi"o-der-mat-o'sis) [Gr. irvov puk 
4- dermatosis]. Any skin disease of pyogenic 
origin. 
pyodermia (pi-o-der'me-ah). Any purulent skin 
disease due to a staphylococcus or streptococcus. PYODERMITIS 
919 
p. circumscrip'ta, an infected scratch of the 
skin. 
pyodermitis (pi"o-der-mi'tis). Any pustular skin 
inflammation; a pyodermia. 
pyofecia (pi-o-fe'se-ah) [Gr. irvov pus + feces]. 
Pus in the feces. 
pyogenesis (pi-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. irvov pus + yeveais 
production]. The formation of pus. 
pyogenic (pi-o-jen'ik). Producing pus. 
pyogenin (pi-oj'en-in). A compound, Cg3H128N2- 
O19, derived from the body of pus-cells. 
pyogenous (pi-oj'en-us). Caused by pus. 
pyohemia, pyohaemia (pi-o-he'me-ah). Same as 
pyemia. 
pyohemothorax (pi"o-hem-o-tho'raks) [Gr. irvov 
pus + alpa blood + Oupa^ chest]. A collection 
of pus and blood in the pleural cavity. 
pyoid (pi'oid) [Gr. irvov pus + eiSos form], 1. Re- 
sembling pus. 2. A pus-like substance from raw 
or granulating surfaces, but free from bacteria 
and non-toxic. 
pyoktanin (pi-ok'tan-in) [Gr. irvov pus + Krelvetv 
to kill]. Methyl-violet or penta and hexa-methyl- 
para-rosanilin hydrochlorid, a blue anilin pigment, 
soluble in 30 parts of boiling and 75 parts of cold 
water; also in 12 parts of 90 per cent, alcohol. 
It is an indicator with a Ph range of from 0.1 to 3.2, 
being blue or green at 0.1 and violet at 3.2. It is 
used as a stain in microscopy. It is employed as a 
germicide in suppuration of the conjunctiva, 
lacrimal apparatus, nose, throat, and ear; also in 
cystitis, gonorrhea, diphtheria, etc., in 1 : 1000 
solution. Called also blue-p. Dose, 75-15 gr. 
(0.5-1 gm.), ethyl-p., a pyoktanin said to be a 
far more active antiseptic than either of the other 
varieties, yellow-p., auramin: a yellow anilin 
dye: used as a stain. 
pyolabyrinthitis (pi"o-lab-ir-in-thi'tis) [Gr. irvov 
pus + labyrinth}. Suppuration in the labyrinth 
of the ear. 
pyoluene (pi-o-lu'en). Oxymethylallylsulphocar- 
bamid: used as a bactericide. 
pyometra (pi-o-me'trah) [Gr. irvov pus + prprpa 
womb]. An accumulation of pus within the 
uterus. 
pyometritis (pi"o-met-ri'tis) [see pyometra]. Sup- 
purative inflammation of the uterus. 
pyometrium (pi-o-me'tre-um). Same as pyometra. 
pyonephritis (pi"o-nef-ri'tis) [Gr. irvov pus 4- 
nephritis}. Purulent inflammation of the kidney, 
pyonephrolithiasis (pi"o-nef-ro-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. 
irvov pus + vetppbs kidney 4- XIOos stone]. 
The presence of stones and pus in the kidney. 
pyonephrosis (pi"o-nef-ro'sis) [Gr. irvov pus 4~ 
ve<pp6s kidney]. The presence of pus in the pelvis 
of the kidney. 
pyo-ovarium (pi"o-o-va're-um). Abscess of an 
ovary. 
pyopericarditis (pi"o-per-ik-ar-di'tis). Purulent 
inflammation of the pericardium. 
pyopericardium (pi"o-per-ik-ar'de-um) [Gr. irvov 
pus + pericardium]. The, presence of pus in 
the pericardium. 
pyoperitoneum (pi"o-per-it-o-ne'um) [Gr. irvov 
pus + peritoneum]. Pus in the peritoneal cavity. 
pyoperitonitis (pi"o-per-it-o-ni'tis). Suppurative 
inflammation of the peritoneum. 
pyophthalmia, pyophthalmitis (pi-of-thal'me- 
ah, pi"of-thal-mi'tis) [Gr. irvov pus + ophthal- 
mitis]. Purulent inflammation of the eye. 
pyophylactic ''(pi"o-fi-lak'tik) [Gr. irvov pus 4- 
<pv\aKTLKos guarding]. Serving as a defense 
against purulent infection. See membrane. 
pyophysometra (pi"o-fi-so-me'trah) [Gr. irvov pus 
+ <pvaa air 4- pijrpa womb]. A collection of pus 
and gas in the uterus. 
pyoplania (pi-o-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. irvov pus + irXavos 
wandering]. Wandering of pus from one part to 
another. 
pyopneumocholecystitis (pi"o-nu"mo-ko-le- 
sis-ti'tis) [Gr. irvov pus + irvevpa air + cholecyst}. 
Distention of the gall-bladder with pus and 
gas. 
pyopneumopericardium (pi"o-nu"mo-per-e- 
kar'de-um) [Gr. irvov pus + TrreC^a air + peri- 
cardium}. The presence of pus and gas in the 
pericardium. 
pyopneumoperitoneum (pi"o-nu"mo-per-it-o- 
ne'um). The presence of pus and gas in the peri- 
toneal cavity. 
pyopneumoperitonitis (pi"o-nu"mo-per-e-to-ni'- 
tis) [Gr. irvov pus + irvevpa air -T peritonitis}. 
Peritonitis with the presence of pus and gas in 
the peritoneal cavity. 
pyopneumothorax (pi"o-nu-mo-tho'raks) [Gr. 
irvov pus + irvevpa air + 06)pa^ chest]. A collec- 
tion of pus and air or gas in the pleural cavity. 
pyopoiesis (pi"o-poi-e'sis) [Gr. irvov pus + irocetv 
to make]. The formation of pus. 
pyopoietic (pi-o-poi-et'ik). Producing pus. 
pyoptysis (pi-op'tis-is) [Gr. irvov pus + irrvais 
spitting]. Spitting of purulent matter. 
pyorrhea, pyorrhoea (pi-or-e'ah) [Gr. irvov pus 
+ pola flow], A discharge of pus. p. alveola'- 
ris, a purulent inflammation of the dental peri- 
osteum, with progressive necrosis of the alveoli 
and looseness of the teeth (Fauchard, 1746). 
Called also Riggs' disease, gingivitis expulsion, 
cementoperiostilis, and gingivopericementitis. 
pyorrheal (pi-o-re'al). Pertaining to pyorrhea, 
especially pyorrhea alveolaris. 
pyorrhocide (pi-or'o-sid). A proprietary prepara- 
tion for the treatment of pyorrhoea alveolaris. 
pyosalpingitis (pi"o-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. irvov pus 
+ aaXircyi, tube]. Purulent salpingitis. 
pyosalpingo-oophoritis (pi"o-sal-pin"go-o"of-o- 
ri'tis). Inflammation of the ovary and oviduct, 
with the formation and accumulation of pus. 
pyosalpingo-odthecitis (pi"o-sal-pin"go-o"o- 
the-si'tis). Pyosalpingo-oophoritis. 
pyosalpinx (pi-o-sal'pinks) [Gr. irvov pus + aaX- 
tube]. A collection of pus in an oviduct. 
pyosapremia, pyosapraemia (pi"o-sap-re'me-ah) 
[Gr. irvov pus + aairpbs rotten al pa blood]. 
Infection of the blood with purulent matter. 
pyosepthemia, pyosepthaemia (pi"o-sep-the'- 
me-ah). Same as pyosepticemia or septicopyemia. 
pyosepticemia, pyosepticaemia (pi"o-sep-tis-e'- 
me-ah). Pyemia combined with septicemia. 
pyoseroculture (pi-o-se'ro-kul-tur). A culture 
made by implanting pus into blood-serum. 
pyosin (pi'o-sin). A compound, CjTHnoNaOjj, de- 
rived from the plasma of pus-cells. 
pyosis (pi-o'sis) [Gr. irvov pus]. Suppuration. 
Corlett's p., impetigo contagiosa bullosa. 
Manson's p., pemphigus contagiosus. p. pal- 
ma'ris, a disease of children in the East Indies 
marked by the formation on the palms of numer- 
ous pustules, p. trop'ica, a disease occurring in 
Ceylon characterized by yellow or blackish lesions 
on the body, covered with a crust, which on removal 
leave a granulating ulcer. Called also Kurunegala 
ulcer. 
pyospermia (pi-o-sper'me-ah) [Gr. irvov pus + 
airepua seed]. Presence of pus in the semen. 
pyostatic (pi-o-stat'ik) [Gr. irvov pus + arariKos 
halting], 1. Arresting suppuration. 2. An agent 
that arrests the formation of pus. 
pyotherapy (pi-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. irvov pus + 
Oepaireia treatment]. Treatment with pus. 
pyothorax (pi-o-tho'raks) [Gr. irvov pus + dwpa^ 
chest]. Empyema; an accumulation of pus in 
the thorax. 
pyotoxinemia (pi-o-tok-sin-e'me-ah) [Gr. irvov 
pus + toxin 4- alpa blood]. Presence in the blood 
of the toxins of pus-forming organisms. 
PYOTOXINEMIA pyoureter (pi"o-u-re'ter). An accumulation of 
pus in a ureter. 
pyoxanthin (pi-o-zan'thin) [Gr. irvov pus + ^avOos 
yellow], A brownish-red pigment derivable by 
oxidation from pyocyanin. 
pyoxanthose (pi-o-zan'thos) [Gr. irvov pus + 
^avOos yellow]. A yellow pigment produced by 
the oxidation of pyocyanin in blue pus exposed 
to air. 
pyracetosalyl (pi-ras"e-to-sal'il). A preparation 
of antipyrin and aspirin: antineuralgic. Dose, 
8 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
pyraconitin (pi-rak-on'it-in). A compound de- 
rived from aconitin, resembling the latter in 
physiologic action. 
pyraloxin (pir-al-oks'in). Pyrogallol oxid; a 
brown-black powder: used in ointments in vari- 
ous skin diseases. Internal dose, 73-15 gr. (0.5- 
1 gm.). 
pyramid (pir'am-id) [Gr. irvpapls]- 1. Any cone- 
shaped eminence upon an organ. 2. The petrous 
bone. 3. An eminence on the ventral surface of the 
medulla oblongata produced by the pyramidal 
tract, anterior p's. See p's of the medulla 
oblongata, p. of the cerebellum, a conic 
projection, the central portion of the inferior 
vermiform process, p. of Ferrein, any one of 
the intracortical prolongations of the malpighian 
pyramids. Lalouette's p., the third lobe of 
the thyroid body; an occasional prolongation of 
the upper portion of the thyroid gland, usually 
on the left of the median line. p. of light, a 
triangular reflection seen upon the membrana 
tympani. Malacarne's p., the posterior end of 
the pyramid of the cerebellum, p. of Malpighi, 
any one of the conic, striated masses which form 
the medulla of the kidney, the apices projecting 
into the calices, p's of the medulla oblon- 
gata, the two anterior and two posterior columns 
within the medulla oblongata: the posterior ones 
are the gracile fasciculi, posterior p's. See p's 
of the medulla oblongata, renal p. Same as p. of 
Malpighi, p. of the thyroid, the third lobe of 
the thyroid body; Lalouette's pyramid, p. of 
the tympanum, the hollow elevation in the 
inner wall of the middle ear which contains the 
stapedius, p. of the vestibule, the anterior 
end of the crista vestibuli. Wistar's p's, the 
sphenoid cornua, or sphenoturbinal bones. 
pyramidal (pi-ram'id-al) [L. pyramida'lis}. Shaped 
like a pyramid. 
pyramidale, os pyramidale (pir"am-id-a'le). 
The pyramidal bone; the cuneiform bone of the 
carpus. • 
pyramidalis (pir"am-id-a'lis). See .muscles, table 
of. 
pyramidon (pir-am'id-on). A whitish-yellow, taste- 
less, crystalline powder, C13H17N2O, or dimethyl- 
amino-antipyrin: antipyretic and analgesic. Dose, 
75-30 gr. (0.5-2 gm.). p. bicamphorate is 
used in doses of 1-5 gr. (0.06-0.3 gm.). 
pyramis (pir'am-is) [L.]. A pyramid. See pyramid. 
pyran (pi'ran). An antineuralgic and antirheu- 
matic preparation of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 
and thymol. 
pyrantin (pi-ran'tin). An antipyretic agent, 
ethoxyphenylsuccinimid, (CH2CO)2N.C6H4.O.C2- 
H5, in colorless, shining prisms. Daily dose, 15-45 
gr. (1-3 gm.). 
pyranum (pir'an-um). Pyrenol . 
pyrazin (pi'ra-zin). An isomeric form of pyrimidin. 
pyrazol (pi'ra-zol). A crystalline basic substance, 
C3H4N2: its derivatives are paralyzants of the 
central nervous system. See phenylmethylpyrazol. 
pyrazolon (pi-raz'o-lon). An antipyretic substance, 
CO.CH2.CH.N.NH, resembling antipyrin, but less 
effective. 
pyremia (pi-re'me-ah) [Gr. irvp fire + al pa blood]. 
PYOURETER 
920 
The presence of a normal amount of carbonaceous 
matter in the blood. 
pyrenemia, pyrenaemia (pi-re-ne'me-ah) [Gr. 
irvp-qv fruit-stone + ac/xa blood]. The presence 
of nucleated red corpuscles in the blood. 
pyrenin (pi-re'nin) [Gr. irvp-qv fruit-stone]. A 
nuclein forming the chief constituent of the nucleo- 
lus of a cell. 
pyrenoid (pi'ren-oid) [Gr. irvp-qv fruit-stone + elSos 
form]. One of the refringent bodies seen in the 
chromatophores of certain protozoa. 
pyrenol (pi're-nol). A white powder, sodium thy- 
mol-benzoyl-oxybenzoate, used in respiratory dis- 
eases and in rheumatism. Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.65- 
1.32 gm.). 
pyrenolysis (pi-re-nol'is-is) [Gr. irvp-qv fruit-stone 
+ Xu<ns solution]. The breaking down of the 
nucleolus of a cell. 
Pyrethrum (pi-re'thrum) [Gr. irvpeepov]. A 
genus of composite-flowered plants. The root of 
Anacy'clus pyre'thrum, or pellitory, is sedative 
and sialagogue, and is used in neuralgia, tooth- 
ache, and headache. P. caPneum and P. ro'- 
seum furnish Persian insect-powder. P. parthe1- 
nium, or feverfew, is a bitter tonic, and is used 
like camomile. Dose, |-i fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.). 
pyretic (pi-ret'ik) [Gr. Truperos fever]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of fever. 
pyreticosis (pi"ret-ik-o'sis). Any febrile affec- 
tion. 
pyretin (pir'et-in). A proprietary analgesic and 
antipyretic compound, CnH16NaBrN2. Dose, 3-8 
gr. (0.194-0.518 gm.). 
pyretogen (pi-ret'o-jen). A substance which ex- 
cites fever. 
pyretogenesis (pi"ret-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. irvperbs 
fever _+ yeveiris production]. The origin and 
causation of fever. 
pyretogenetic, pyretogenic (pi"ret-o-jen-et'ik, 
pi"ret-o-jen'ik). Same as pyretogenous. 
pyretogenin (pi-re-toj'en-in) [Gr. irvperbs fever + 
yevvav to generate]. A base, derivable from cer- 
tain bacterial cultures: said to produce fever in 
animals when injected into them. 
pyretogenous (pi-ret-oj'en-us). Producing or 
causing fever. 
pyretography (pi-ret-ogTa-fe) [Gr. irvperbs fever 
+ ypa<peiv to write], A description of fever. 
pyretology (pi-ret-ol'o-je) [Gr. irvperbs fever + 
Xbyos discourse]. The sum of what is known 
regarding fevers; the science of fevers. 
pyretolysis (pi-ret-ol'is-is) [Gr. irvperbs fever -|- 
Xvuls loosing]. 1. Reduction of fever. 2. Lysis 
which is hastened by fever. 
Pyretophorus (pi-re-tof'o-rus). A genus of mos- 
quitos. P. costa'lis transmits malaria and filariasis 
in Africa. 
pyretotyphosis (pi"ret-o-ti-fo'sis) [Gr. irvperos 
fever + rvipwais delirium]. The delirium of 
fever. 
pyrexia (pi-reks'e-ah), pl. pyrex'i<e [Gr. irvpeacreiv 
to be feverish], A fever, or a febrile condition; 
abnormal elevation of the body temperature. Pel- 
Ebstein p. See Pei-Ebstein symptom, under 
symptom. 
pyrexia!, pyrexic (pi-reks'e-al, pi-reks'ik). Per- 
taining to pyrexia; febrile. 
pyrexy (pi'rek-se). Pyrexia. 
pyricit (pir'is-it). A grayish powder, a mixture of 
sodium bisulphate and borofluorid, used as a ster- 
ilizing mixture for apparatus, vessels, etc. 
pyridin (pir'id-in). 1. A colorless, liquid, basic coal- 
tar derivative, (CH)sN: derived also from tobacco 
and various organic matters. It is an antispas- 
modic, cardiac stimulant, and antiseptic, and has 
been used in asthma by inhalation, in diphtheria, 
and in gonorrhea. Dose, 2-10 min. (0.133-0.666 
PYRIDIN c.c.). 2. Any one of a large group of substances 
homologous with normal pyridin. p. tannate, 
is used as an intestinal astringent and uric-acid 
solvent. 
pyridina (pir-id-i'nah). Pyridin. 
pyridizin (pi-rid'iz-in). An isomeric variety of 
pyrimidin. 
pyriform (pir'if-orm) [L. pyrifor'mis; py'rus pear 
+ for'ma shape]. Pear-shaped. 
pyriformis (pir-if-or'mis) [L. "pear-shaped"]. The 
pyramidalis muscle. See muscles, table of. 
pyrimidin (pi-rim'id-in). An organic compound, 
a metadiazin, C4H4N2, which is the fundamental 
form of the pyrimidin bases. These are mostly 
oxy- or amino-derivatives, for example, 2, 6-dioxy- 
pyrimidin is uracil, 2-oxy, 6-aminopyrimidin is 
cytosin and 2, 6-dioxy, 5 methyl pyrimidin is 
thymin. Some of these are constituents of nucleic 
acid. 
pyro- [Gr. irvp fire]. A prefix meaning fire or heat; 
in chemistry, produced by heating. 
pyro-arsenic acid (pi"ro-ar-sen'ik). See acid. 
pyrobetulin (pi-ro-bet'u-lin). A patented prepara- 
tion of the bark of white birch (Bet'ula al'ba), to 
be burned in disinfectant pastils. 
pyroborate (pi-ro-bo'rat). Any salt of pyroboric 
acid. 
pyroboric acid (pi-ro-bor'ik). See acid. 
pyrocain (pi'ro-ka-in). Guaiacol benzylic ester, 
C6H4(O.CH3).OCH2.C6H5, a colorless, crystalline 
substance: used by cataphoresis to produce local 
anesthesia. 
pyrocatechin (pi-ro-kat'ek-in) [Gr. irvp fire + cat- 
echu]. Oxyphenol; a crystallizable substance, 
C6H4(OH)3, obtained by distilling catechu, etc., 
and sometimes found in the urine. It is an anti- 
pyretic, and is used like resorcinol. Dose, 1-2 gr. 
(0.066-0.13 gm.). Called also catechol. 
pyrocatechinuria (pi"ro-kat"ek-in-u-re'ah) [pyro- 
catechin + Gr. ovpov urine]. The occurrence of 
pyrocatechin in the urine. Called also brenz- 
catechinuria. 
pyrodextrin (pi-ro-deks'trin). A brown, tasteless 
substance produced by the action of heat upon 
starch. \ 
pyrodin (pir'o-din) [Gr. irvp fire]. A crystalline, 
poisonous compound, acetyl phenyl hydrazin, 
C5H5.NH.NH.CO.CH3: used as an antipyretic and 
like chrysarobin in skin diseases. Dose, J-3 gr. 
(0.033-0.2 gm.). See also hydracetin. 
pyroferrin (pi-ro-fer'in). A tonic preparation of 
iron pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and strych- 
nin. 
pyroflstine (pi-ro-fis'tin). A proprietary antiseptic 
dressing-paste. 
pyroform (pi'ro-form). A compound of bismuth 
oxyiodid and pyrogallol: used in skin diseases. 
pyrogallic acid (pi-ro-gal'ik). See pyrogallol. 
pyrogallol (pi-ro-gal'ol). Pyrogallic acid, C6H3- 
(OH)„ or trioxybenzene, a poisonous solid prod- 
uct of the dry distillation of gallic acid, acting by 
causing destruction of the blood-corpuscles. It 
is used as a reducing agent and in skin dis- 
eases. 
pyrogen (pi'ro-jen) [Gr. irvp fire + yev- to pro- 
duce]. A fever-producing substance; a hypo- 
thetical substance believed to exist in bacteria and 
to cause fever when present in the body. 
pyrogenetic (pi"ro-jen-et'ik). Pyrogenic. 
pyrogenic (pi-ro-jen'ik) [Gr. irvp fire + yevvav to 
produce]. Inducing fever. 
pyroligneous (pi-ro-lig'ne-us) [Gr. irvp fire + L. 
lig'num wood]. Pertaining to the destructive 
distillation of wood. p. acid, wood vinegar. 
pyrolin (pi'ro-lin). A disinfectant preparation of 
magnesium acetate. 
PYRIDINA 
921 
pyrolysis (pi-rol'is-is) [Gr. irvp fire + Xuais solu- 
tion]. Decomposition of organic substances under 
the influence of a rise in temperature. 
pyromania (pi-ro-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. irvp fire + pavla 
madness]. An insane propensity for incendiar- 
ism; also an insane desire to visit fires. 
pyrometer (pi-rom'et-er) [Gr. irvp fire + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the in- 
tensity of heat too great for the use of a ther- 
mometer. 
pyrone (pi'ron). A principle, CO(CH)4O, found in 
opium, from which several other constituents are 
derived by substitution. 
pyronin (pi'ro-nin). A red, basic anilin dye used in 
histology. 
pyronixis (pi-ro-niks'is) [Gr. irvp fire + vv^cs pierc- 
ing], Same as ignipuncture. 
pyrophobia (pi-ro-fo'be-ah) [Gr. irvp fire + <po^os 
fear]. Insane dread of fire. 
pyrophosphate (pi-ro-fos'fat). Any salt of pyro- 
phosphoric acid. 
pyrophosphoric acid (pi"ro-fos-for'ik). See acid. 
Pyroplasma (pi-ro-plaz'mah). Piroplasma. 
pyropuncture (pi'ro-punk-chur) [Gr. irvp fire + 
puncture]. Puncture with hot needles. 
pyrosal (pi'ro-sal). Antipyrin acetyl salicylate, C9- 
H8O5.C11H12N2O, a substance in leaflets or needles: 
used in polyarthritis, influenza, pleuritis, and 
hemicrania. Dose, 7? gr. (0.5 gm.). 
pyrosis (pi-ro'sis) [Gr. irvpwcris burning]. Heart- 
burn; a burning sensation in the esophagus and 
stomach, with sour eructation, due to acid dys- 
pepsia. 
Pyrosoma (pi-ro-so'mah) [Gr. irvp fire + crupa 
body]. Same as Piroplasma. 
pyrothen (pi'ro-then). A proprietary disinfectant 
containing 60 parts of 60 per cent, sulphuric acid 
and 15 parts of fuming sulphuric acid. 
pyrotic (pi-rot'ik) [Gr. Trupwrixos]. Caustic; burn- 
ing. 
pyrotoxin (pi-ro-tok'sin) [Gr. irvp fire + to^lkov 
poison]. 1. A toxin developed during a fever. 2. 
An exceedingly poisonous liquid obtained from the 
interstitial fluids of many bacteria, even if ordi- 
narily non-pathogenic: injected.it causes fever and 
wasting. 
pyroxylin (pi-roks-il'in) [L. pyroxyli'num; Gr. irvp 
fire + %vXov wood]. Gun-cotton; cotton treated 
with nitric and sulphuric acids, so as to be con- 
verted into various nitrocompounds of cellulose 
probably mostly the hexanitrate, Ci2Hi4(O.NO2)eO4. 
The pyroxylinum of the pharmacopeia is soluble 
gun-cotton, or collodion cotton, made up chiefly 
of the tetranitrate, and the pentanitrate of cellu- 
lose, which, dissolved in ether or in glacial acetic 
ether, forms collodion. 
pyrozole (pi'ro-zol). A proprietary antiseptic 
coal-tar derivative. 
pyrozone (pi'ro-zon). A proprietary preparation 
of hydrogen dioxid: used in 3 to 5 per cent, solu- 
tion as an antiseptic and hemostatic, caustic p., 
a 25 per cent, solution of pyrozone. 
pyrrol (pir'ol). A liquid, basic, cyclic substance, 
(CH)4NH, obtained in the destructive distillation 
of various animal substances, p. tetra-iodid. 
Same as iodol. 
pyrrolidin (pir-ol'id-in). A compound, tetrameth- 
ylene imin, (CH2)4NH, derived from pyrrol. 
pyrrolin (pir'o-lin). An oily liquid, C^HcNH, 
formed by the action of acetic acid and zinc dust 
on pyrrol. 
Pyrus (pi'rus). Pirus. 
Pythagoras (pi-thag'o-ras). A famous Greek 
philosopher, born in Samos about 532 b. c., who 
exercised an early and lasting influence upon med- 
icine. 
PYTHAGORAS PYTHOGENESIS 
922 
QUARANTI NE 
pythogenesis (pi-tho-jen'es-is) [Gr. -n-vdeiv to rot 4- 
Vej/eais origin], i. The origination of a process of 
decay or decomposition. 2. Generation from filth, 
pythogenic, pythogenous (pi-tho-jen'ik, pi- 
thoj'en-us) [Gr. icvdecv to rot + vepi'ai' to pro- 
duce]. Caused by putrefaction or filth. 
pyuria (pi-u're-ah) [Gr. ttvov pus 4- ovpov urine]. 
The presence of pus in the urine, miliary p., 
the presence in the urine of miliary bodies consist- 
ing of pus-cells, blood-cells, and epithelium. 
pyxol (pix'ol). An antiseptic preparation of soft- 
soap and a cresol. 
Q 
Q. Abbreviation for electric quantity. 
qcepo (ksa'po). The tubercle type of dermal 
leishmaniasis. 
Q. d. Abbreviation for L. qua'ter in di'e, four times 
a day. 
Q. h. Abbreviation for L. qua'qua ho'ra, every hour. 
Q. 1. Abbreviation for L. quan'tum li'bet, as much as 
you please. 
Q. P. Abbreviation for quanti-Pirquet reaction. See 
under reaction. 
Q P- Abbreviation for L. quan'tum pla'ceat, at will. 
Q. Q. H. Abbreviation for L. qua'que quar'ta ho'ra, 
every fourth hour. 
Qq. hor. Abbreviation for L. qua'que ho'ra, every 
hour. 
Q.R. S. group. See under group and electrocardio- 
gram. 
Q. S. Abbreviation for L. quan'tum sufficit, as much 
as will suffice. 
Qt., qt. Abbreviation for quart. 
quack (kwak). A charlatan; an ignorant or fraud- 
ulent empiric. 
quackery (kwak'er-e). The practice and methods 
of a quack; charlatanry. 
quader (kwa'der) [Ger. "square"]. The precu- 
neus, or quadrate lobule. 
quadrangular (kwod-rang'u-lar) [L. quadri- four 
4- an'gulus angle]. Having four angles. . 
quadrant (kwod'rant) [L. qua'drans quarter], i. 
One-quarter of a circle; that portion of the cir- 
cumference of a circle that subtends an angle of 
go°. 2. Any one of four corresponding parts or 
quarters, as of the abdominal surface. Wilder's 
q., an area on the ventral surface of the cerebral 
crus of a cat. 
quadrantanopsia (kwad-ran-tan-op'se-ah) [quad- 
rant 4- anopsia}. Blindness in one-quarter of the 
visual field. 
quadrate (kwod'rat) [L. quadra'tus squared]. Square 
or squared; four-sided. 
quadratipronator (kwod-ra"te-pro-na'tor). The 
pronator quadratus muscle. 
quadratus lumbo'rum (kwod-ra'tus). See mus- 
cles, table of. 
quadri- [L. quat'tuor four; in combination, quadri-}. 
A prefix signifying four, or fourfold. 
quadribasic (kwod-rib-a'sik). Having four re- 
placeable atoms of hydrogen. 
quadriceps (kwod'ris-eps) [L. quadri- four 4- ca'put 
head]. Four-headed. See muscles, table of. q. 
su'rse [L. "four-headed muscle of the calf"], the 
gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris considered 
as one muscular body. 
quadriceptor (kwod-ris-ep'tor) [L. quadri- four 4- 
ceptor}. An intermediary body having four com- 
bining groups. 
quadricuspid (kwod-re-kus'pid) [L. quadri- four 
4- cus'pis point]. Having four cusps; a tooth with 
four cusps. 
quadrigeminal (kwod-re-jem'in-al) [L. quadri- 
gem'inus]. Fourfold, or in four parts; forming a 
group of four. See corpora quadrigemina. 
quadrigeminum (kwod-re-jem'in-um), pl. quadri- 
gemina [L. "fourfold"]. Same as corpus quadrigemi- 
num. 
quadrilateral (kwod-ril-at'er-al) [L. quadri- four 
4- la'tus side]. Having four sides. 
quadripara (kwod-rip'ah-rah) [L. quadri- four 4- 
pa'rere to bear]. A woman who has borne four 
children. 
quadriparity (kwod-rip-ar'it-e). The condition 
of having borne four children. 
quadriparous (kwod-rip'ar-us). Having borne 
four children. 
quadriplegia (quad-rip-le'je-ah). Paralysis of all 
four limbs. 
quadripolar (kwod-rip-o'lar). Having four poles, 
as a cell. 
quadrisect (kwod'ris-ekt) [L. quadri- four 4* 
seca're to cut]. To cut into four parts. 
quadrisection (kwod-ris-ek'shun) [L. quadri- four 
4- secftio cut]. Division into four parts. 
quadritubercular (kwod''ri-tu-ber'ku-lar). Hav- 
ing four tubercles or cusps. 
quadriurate (kwod-re-u'rat) [L. quadri- four 4* 
urate]. Any hyperacid urate, like those of the 
human urine. • 
quadrivalent (kwod-riv'al-ent) [L. quadri- four 4- 
vale're to be worth]. Having a chemic valence or 
combining power of four. 
quadroon (kwod-roon') [Sp. cuarteron}. The off- 
spring of a white person and a mulatto. 
quadruped (kwod'ru-ped) [L. quadru four 4- pes 
foot]. Four footed; a four-footed animal. 
quadrupl. Abbreviation for L. quadruplica'to, four 
times as much. 
quadruplet (kwod'ru-plet) [L. quad'rupulus four- 
fold]. Any one of four children born at one birth, 
quale (kwa'le). The quality of a thing; especially 
the quality of a sensation or other conscious process, 
qualimeter (kwol-im'et-er) [L. qua'lis of what sort 
4- perpoo measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the hardness of roentgen rays. 
qualitative, qualitive (kwol'it-a-tiv, kwol'it-iv) 
[L. qualitati'vus]. Pertaining to quality. 
quantimeter (kwon-tim'et-er) [L. quan'tus how 
much 4- Gr. perpov measure]. An apparatus for 
measuring the quantity of roentgen rays generated 
by a tube. 
quanti-Pirquet reaction. See under reaction. 
quantitative, quantitive (kwon'tit-a-tiv, kwon'- 
tit-iv) [L. quantitati'vus]. Pertaining to quantity. 
quantivalence (kwon-tiv'al-ens) [L. quan'tus how 
much 4- vale're to be worth]. Chemic valence; 
the atomic or combining power of an element or 
radical, expressed in the number of atoms of hy- 
drogen with which it can combine. 
quantivalent (kwan-tiv'al-ent). Pertaining to or 
possessing quantivalence. 
quantum libet (kwon'tum li'bet). Latin for as 
much as you please. 
quantum sufficit (kwon'tum suf'fis-it). Latin for 
as much as suffices. 
quarantine (kwor'an-ten) [Itai, quaranti'na], i. 
A period (usually of forty days' duration) of deten- tion of ships or persons coming from infected or 
suspected ports. 2. The place where persons are 
detained for inspection. 3. To detain or isolate on- 
account of suspected contagion, land q., quar- 
antine against persons approaching by land from 
an infected region, shot-gun q., forcible 
quarantine not legally authorized. 
quart (kwort) [L. quar'tus fourth]. The fourth part 
of a gallon. See weights and measures, table of. 
quartan (kwor'tan) [L. quarta'nus, pertaining to 
the fourth], 1. Recurring every third (fourth) 
day. 2. A variety of intermittent fever of which 
the paroxysms recur on every third day. double 
q., a quartan fever of which the recurrences are 
alternately severe and relatively mild, triple q., 
a fever in which the paroxysms occur every day 
because of infection with three different groups of 
quartan parasites. 
quartein (kwar'te-in) [L. quar'tus fourth], A name 
proposed for vitamines because they form a fourth 
group of food stuffs necessary to animal life (the 
other groups being carbohydrates, proteins, and 
fats). 
quarter (kwor'ter). The part of a horse's hoof 
lying between the heel and the toe. false q., a 
cleft in the quarter of a horse's hoof from the top 
to the bottom, fifth q., the fat, hide, and other 
less valuable parts of a slaughtered animal. 
quarter-cast (kwor'ter-kast). Cut in the quarter 
of the hoof. 
quarter-crack (kwor'ter-krak). See sand-crack. 
quarter-evil (kworTer-e-vil). Blackleg, or symp- 
tomatic anthrax. See under anthrax. 
quartile (kwar'til) [L. quar'tus one-fourtb]. The 
middle term of each half of a series of variables. 
quartipara (kwor-tip'ah-rah) [L. quar'tus fourth + 
par1 ere to produce]. A woman who has borne four 
children. 
quartiparous (kwor-tip'ar-us). Having given 
birth to four children. 
quartisternal (kwor-tis-ter'nal) [L. quar'tus fourth 
+ step num sternum]. Pertaining to the fourth 
sternebra, or bony segment of the sternum oppo- 
site the fourth intercostal space. 
quartonol (kworTo-nol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of sodium, calcium, and quinin and strychnin 
glycerophosphates. 
quassain (kwos'sah-in). A preparation of soap 
and quassia: a strong insecticide. 
quassation (kwas-sa'shun) [L. quasa'tio}. The 
crushing of drugs, or their reduction to small 
pieces. 
Quassia (kwosh'e-ah) [after Quassi, a negro who 
used it as a remedy]. A genus of simarubaceous 
tropical plants. Q. ama'ra, of South America, 
affords the true and original quassia wood. The 
wood of Q. (Pierce'na} excel'sa, a tree of tropical 
America, contains quassin, and is a tonic and 
stomachic. It is used in dyspepsia, atonic diar- 
rhea, and as an enema in the irritation caused by 
pin-worms. Dose of extract, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.2 
gm.); of fluidextract, 5-10 min. (0.33-0.66 c.c.); of 
tincture, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
quassin, quassiin (kwos'sin, kwos'se-in). A bit- 
ter tonic principle, C32H42O8, from quassia wood. 
Dose, J gr. (0.0022-0.022 gm.). 
Quat., quat. Abbreviation for L. quat'uor, four, 
quaternary (kwat-er'nar-e) [L. quaterna'rius, from 
quat'tuor four]. Fourth in order; also containing 
four elements. 
Quatrefages' angle (katr'fazhs) [Jean Louis 
Quatrefages de Breau, French naturalist, 1810- 
1892]. See angle. 
quebrabunda (kweb-rah-boon'dah). A tropical 
disease of horses and swine not unlike beriberi. 
Called also straddling disease. 
quebrachamin (kwe-brah'tsham-in). A base, or 
amin, from quebracho bark. 
QUART 
923 
quebrachin (kwe-bra'tshin). An alkaloid, C3iH2s- 
N2O3, from quebracho bark. Its hydrochlorid is 
employed in dyspnea. Dose, gr. (0.05-0.1 
gm.). 
quebracho (kwe-brah'tsho) [Sp. and Port. " ax- 
breaker "; L. aspidosper'ma]. The bark of As- 
pidosper'ma quebra'cho-blan'co, a South American 
tree, also known as white q. It is an antiperiodic, 
astringent, tonic, and antasthmatic, and is used 
in asthma and heart disease. Dose of extract, 
2-8 gr. (0.133-0.533 gm.); of fluidextract, 5-60 
min. (0.333-4 c.c.); of tincture, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.); 
of wine (yinum aspidospermatis), 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 
c.c.). 
quebrachoform (kwe-brah'tsho-form). A com- 
pound like tannoform, made from quebracho bark. 
queen-of-the-meadows (kwen). See Eupatorium. 
queen's-delight, queen's-root (kwenz-de-lit', 
kwenz-root). See Stillingia. 
quenuthoracoplasty (kwe-nu-tho'rak-o-plas-te) 
[Quenu a surgeon in Paris + thoracoplasty}. Quenu's 
operation of dividing the ribs to promote retraction 
of the chest-wall in empyema. 
querciform (kwer'sif-orm). Tannoform made with 
oak tannin. 
quercin (kwer'sin) [L. quer'cus oak], A bitter, 
crystallizable carbohydrate, C6H6(O6H)8, from 
oak-bark and acorns. 
quercitannoform (kwer-sit-an'o-form). A variety 
of tannoform prepared with quercitannic, instead 
of gallotannic, acid. 
quercite (kwer'sit). A kind of sugar, C6H7(OH)5, 
from acorns. 
quercitrin (kwer-sit'rin) [L. quer'cus oak + citri'- 
nus yellow]. A glucosid and yellow pigment, 
C36H38O20, from the bark of Quer'cus tincto'ria: 
astringent and tonic. 
Quercus (kwer'kus) [L. " oak "]. See oak. 
quercynol (kwer'sin-ol). A proprietary medicine 
composed of extract of white-oak bark, with cyanol 
and extract of hyoscyamus: used in vaginal wafers. 
Quevenne's iron (ke-venz') [Theodore Auguste 
Quevenne, French physician, 1805-1855]. Reduced 
iron. See under iron. 
quick (kwik). Pregnant, and able to feel the fetal 
movements. 
quickening (kwik'en-ing).' The first recognizable 
movements of the fetus in utero. 
quicklime (kwik'lim). Calcic oxid; caustic or 
unslaked lime. 
quicksilver (kwik'sil-ver). Mercury or hydrar- 
gyrum. 
quietol (kwi'et-ol). A proprietary nerve tonic and 
sedative, being propylvaleryldimethylamino-iso- 
butyl hydrobromid. Dose, 7 gr. (0.5 gm.). 
quigila (kwij'il-ah). An infectious disease resem- 
bling leprosy, occurring in Brazil; perhaps ainhum. 
Quillaia, Quillaja (kwil-a'yah) [Chilian quillai]. 
A genus of rosaceous trees. The bark of Q. 
sapona'ria, or soap-bark, is sternutatory, deter- 
gent, diuretic, and febrifugal. It is used for coryza, 
bronchitis, dropsy, and for making emulsions. 
Dose, fl.dr. (0.97-1.94 c.c.); of tincture, 1 fl.dr. 
(4 c.c.). 
quina, quinaquina (ke'nah, ken-ah-ke'nah) [Sp. 
and Peruv.]. Cinchona bark. 
quinacetin sulphate (kwin-as-e'tin). An ano- 
dyne and antipyretic salt, (C37H31NO2)2H2SO4.H2O. 
quinacol (kwin'ak-ol). A chemical combination of 
quinin with guaiacol: used in the treatment of 
tuberculosis and other respiratory troubles. 
quinaldin (kwin-al'din). A liquid antiperiodic 
derivative, C1()HflN, of anilin and paraldehyd. 
quinalgen (kwin-al'jen). Same as analgen. 
quinamicin (kwin-am'is-in). An artificial alkaloid, 
C19H24N2O2, from quinamin. 
QUINAMICIN quinamidin (kwin-am'id-in). An artificial alka- 
loid isomeric with quinamicin, prepared from 
quinamin. 
quinamin (kwin-am'in). A crystallizable alkaloid, 
C19H24N2O2, from various cinchona barks. 
quinaphthol (kwin-af'thol). Same as chinaphthol. 
quinaseptol (kwin-as-ep'tol). Same as diaphlol. 
quinate (kwi'nat). Any salt of quinic acid. 
quince (kwins) [L. cydo'nius}. A rosaceous tree 
or shrub, Py'rus cydo'nia, and its fruit. The seed 
(cydo'nium) affords a mucilage which is used as a 
demulcent. 
Quincke's capillary pulse, puncture (kwink' 
ez) [Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke, physician in Kiel, 
1842-1922]. See pulse and puncture. 
quinetum (kwi-ne'tum). A mixture of the sul- 
phates of the cinchona alkaloids: a cheap substi- 
tute for quinin sulphate. 
quinhydrone (kwin'id-ron). A combination of 
quinone and hydroquinone, C60H6O2.C6H4O2. 
quinia (kwin'e-ah). Same as quinin. 
quinic acid (kwin'ik). See under acid. 
quinicin (kwin'is-in). An alkaloid isomeric with 
quinin and quinidin, and obtainable from them 
by heating: unlike them, it is amorphous and 
dextrogyrate. 
quinidamin (kwin-id-am'in). An alkaloid, C19H!4- 
N2O2, from cinchona. 
quinidin (kwin'id-in). .Conquinin, beta-quinin, an 
alkaloid, C20H24N2O2, from cinchona. Its taste, 
appearance, uses, and dose are the same as those 
of quinin, although its effect on the cardiac muscle 
is more pronounced, depressing excitability and 
conduction in the auricular muscle. It is used in 
the treatment of auricular fibrillation and other 
cardiac arrhythmias in the form of the sulphate or 
bisulphate, q. sulphate, C2qH24(N2O2)2H2SO4 + 
2H2O, is used like quinin. Dose, 3-6 gr. (0.2-0.4 
gm.) three times a day. q. tannate, a yellowish- 
white powder, given in nephritis, diarrhea, and 
dyspepsia. Dose, i|-i2 gr. (o. 1-0.8 gm.). 
quinimel (kwin'im-el). A preparation for dis- 
guising the taste of bitter medicines. 
quinin (kwin'in, kwin-en', or kwi'nin) [L. quini'na]. 
The most important of the many alkaloids of cin- 
chona bark, C2oH24N202 + 3H2O; a white, minutely 
crystalline or amorphous powder, odorless, and 
having a bitter taste. It is soluble in 750 parts 
of cold water, but is freely soluble in ether, alcohol, 
and chloroform. Quinin is a stimulant to the 
nervous system, causing congestion of the brain, 
vertigo, tinnitus, and deafness. It is a cardiac 
and circulatory depressant, and increases the 
number of the leukocytes, at the same time arrest- 
ing their migration. In large doses it depresses the 
respiration, decreases the reflex excitability of. the 
spinal cord, and lowers the temperature in fever. 
It has marked antiseptic properties. In overdoses 
it causes destruction of the blood-corpuscles and 
fever (quinin fever), with erythematous eruption 
on the skin, deafness, dizziness, and temporary 
blindness, ending in death from failure of respira- 
tion. Quinin is used in malarial fever and all forms 
of malarial poisoning; as an antipyretic in typhoid 
fever, pneumonia, and other fevers; as a tonic in 
conditions of debility and exhaustion, anemia, and 
convalescence; as a stimulant to uterine contrac- 
tion in labor; locally in the form of spray in rhinitis, 
whooping-cough, and hay-fever. Dose, 1-30 gr. 
(0.065-2 gm.), q. acetylsalicylate. See xax- 
aquin. q.-amblyopia, paralysis of the retina 
from the action of quinin on the retinal blood- 
vessels. q. and urea hydrochlorid. See q. 
hydrochlorocarbamid. q. arsenite, a white, crys- 
talline powder, C20H24N2O2.H3AsO3 + 2H2O: anti- 
periodic. Dose, gr. (0.005-0.03 gm.), q. bi- 
sulphate, a colorless, crystalline cinchona salt. It 
is much more soluble than the ordinary sulphate, 
q. borate, an amorphous or crystalline antiseptic 
and antipyretic. Dose, 72-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
QUINAMIDIN 
924 
q. chlorocarbonic ester, an antipyretic in 
colorless crystals, CO.C1.C2oH23N202: patented, 
q. chocolate, a pastil containing quinin hydro- 
chlorid and chocolate, in which the taste of the 
quinin is nearly concealed, q. dihydrochlorid, a 
crystalline substance, C3oH24N202.2HC1, in white 
needles: used hypodermically for whooping-cough, 
q. dihydrochlorid carbamate, a double salt in 
colorless crystals, (C2oH24N202)-HCl + (CONH2)2- 
HC1. q. ethyl carbonate. See euchinine. 
q. eosolate, a salt, CgHySsOis/Caol^i^Os)^ 
used as an antimalarial, antiseptic, and anti- 
pyretic. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 gm.). q. fer- 
richlorid, an agent in brown scales or powder: 
hemostatic, q. glycerophosphate, a salt, 
C3H703P03(C2oH24N202), in colorless needles and 
soluble in water and alcohol. It is used as a nervine 
in neurasthenia, malnutrition, and neuralgia of 
malarial origin. Dose, ij gr. (0.1 gm.), q. 
hydriodate, a nervous sedative and antineuralgic, 
C3oH24N203.HI. Dose, i-i| gr. (0.06-0.1 gm.), 
q. hydrobromid, a salt esteemed for hypo- 
dermic administration. q. hydrochlorid, a 
white salt resembling the sulphate in taste, uses, 
and dosage, q. hydrochlorocarbamid, quinin 
and urea hydrochlorid, C33H34N2HC1CO(NH2)2HC1 
+ sH2O, a crystalline compound soluble in water: 
used in a 1 per cent, solution subcutaneously as a 
local anesthetic; has also been used hypodermically 
in cholera. Dose, 10-15 gr. (0.65-1.0 gm.). Called 
also urea-quinin. q. hydrochlorosulphate, a 
salt in colorless crystals: suitable for hypodermic 
use. q. hydroiodate, a nervous sedative and anti- 
neuralgic agent, C2oH24N3O3.HIO30. Dose, i-i| 
gr. (0.06-0.1 gm.), q.-hydroquinon hydro- 
chlorid, an agent in delicate needles: antipyretic, 
q. iodohydro iodate, a brown powder, C20H34- 
N2O3,I.HI.: antisyphilitic, q. lactate, a white 
powder: suitable for hypodermic use. q. lygo- 
sinate, a yellow powder, insoluble in water, formed 
by the combination of quinin and lygosin: used as a 
dusting-powder, q. nucleinate, a preparation 
used by intramuscular injection in syphilis, q. 
phosphohydrochlorid, a crystalline substance, 
C20H24N2O2.HC1.2H3PO4.3H2O: antiperiodic, and 
used for the relief of nervous headaches, q. 
salicylate, a salt, 2C2oH24N202.C7H603 + H2O, 
in slender white needles: antipyretic and anti rheu- 
matic. Dose, i|-8 gr. (o.1-0.5 gm.), q. silico- 
fluorid, a crystalline antiseptic and antipyretic, 
q. sulphate [L. quini'nce sul'phas], a white, crys- 
talline salt, (C2oH24N203)2.H2S04 + 7H2O, more 
largely used as a remedy than any other of the 
cinchona alkaloidal salts. It is soluble in 740 
parts of cold and 30 parts of boiling water, and 
in 3 parts of boiling alcohol. Dose, 1-30 gr. 
(0.066-2 gm.), q. tannate, a yellowish powder: 
used in whooping-cough and diarrhea. Dose, 3-8 
gr. (o.2-0.5 gm.), q.-urethan, a combination of 
quinin hydrochlorid and urethan: antiperiodic, 
and suited for subcutaneous use. q. valeri- 
anate, a nervous stimulant and antispasmodic. 
Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.194 gm.). 
quinindiglycol sulphate. See insipin. 
quininephytin (kwin-in-ef'it-in). A yellow crys- 
talline tonic and antiperiodic, quinin anhydro- 
oxymethylenediphosphate. Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.3- 
0.5 gm.). 
quininism (kwin'in-izm). Same as cinchonism. 
quininurethane (kwin-in-u'reth-an). A com- 
pound of quinin hydrochlorate and urethane: used 
subcutaneously like quinin. 
quiniobismuth (kwin"e-o-biz'muth). A com- 
pound of quinin and bismuth: used for the treat- 
ment of syphilis. v 
quiniretin (kwin-ir-e'tin). A yellowish, floccu- 
lent substance isomeric with quinin and derived 
from it, but not an alkaloid. 
quinochloral (kwin-o-klo'ral). A product of the 
treatment of quinin with chloral: a bitter, oily 
liquid, neutral to test-paper, and said to be a safe 
antiseptic. Dose, 1-15 min. (0.066-1 c.c.). 
QUINOCHLORAL QUINOFORM 
quinoform (kwin'o-form). A compound of for- 
maldehyd and quinin. 
quinoidin (kwin-oi'din). Same as chinoidin. 
quinol (kwin'ol). Hydroquinon. 
quinolin (kwin'o-lin). Chinolin; a tertiary amin 
or alkaloid, CgH4(CH)3N, derivable from quinin, 
coal-tar, and various other sources. It is a yellow- 
ish, aromatic liquid: antiseptic, antipyretic, and 
antiperiodic. q. rhodanate, q. sulphocyan- 
ate, a strongly bactericidal agent in white crystals, 
C10HsN2S. q. salicylate, a white powder, C9- 
H7NC7H1O3: antiseptic and antifebrile. Dose, 
8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.), q. sulphosalicylate, a 
white, crystalline substance, used as an antiseptic, 
q. tartrate, an antiseptic and antifebrile agent, 
C9H7NC7H6O3; a white powder. Dose, 8-15 gr. 
(0.5-1 gm.). 
quinoliv (kwin'o-liv). A proprietary preparation 
of quinin sulphate and olive oil. 
quinology (kwin-ol'o-je). The sum of knowledge 
concerning trees of the genus Cincho'na and other 
quinin-producing plants, their culture, products, 
and derivatives, and the uses of the same. 
quinone (kwin'bn). 1. A substance, C8H4O2, in 
golden-yellow crystals, obtained by oxidizing 
quinic acid. 2. Any benzene derivative in which 
two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two oxygen 
atoms. 
quinopropylin (kwin-o-pro'pil-in). An antiperi- 
odic substance homologous with quinin. 
quinopyrin (kwin-o-pi'rin). See chinopyrin. 
quinoral (kwin-o'ral). See chinoral. 
quinosol (kwin'o-sol). 1. Same as chinosol. 2. 
Same as cresochin. 
quinotoxin (kwin-o-tok'sin). A poisonous sub- 
stance isomeric with quinin. 
quinotropin (k win-o-tro'pin). A proprietary uric- 
acid solvent, a compound of quinin and urotro- 
pin. 
quinovin (kwin-o'vin). A bitter glucosid, C30H4S- 
Os, from cinchona. 
quinoxin (kwin-oks'in). Nitrosophenol, C6H4- 
(NO)OH; a colorless, crystalline substance pre- 
pared from the phenols by the action of nitrous 
acids. 
Quinq. Abbreviation for L. quin'que, five. 
Quinquaud's disease, sign (kang-kbz') [Eugene 
Quinquaud, French physician, 1841-1894]. See 
disease, sign. 
quinquecuspid (kwin-kwe-kus'pid) [L. quin'que 
five + cus'pis point]. Having five cusps; a tooth 
having five cusps. 
quinquetubercular (kwin"kwe-tu-ber'ku-lar). 
Having five tubercles or cusps. 
quinquina (kin-ke'nah). Same as cinchona. 
quinquivalent (kwin-kwiv'al-ent) [L. quin'que five 
+ va'lens able]. Capable of combining with five 
atoms of hydrogen. 
quinsy (kwin'ze) [L. cynan'che sore throat]. Acute 
suppurative tonsillitis. See tonsillitis, lingual 
q., suppurative inflammation of the lingual tonsil. 
Quint. Abbreviation for L. quin'tus, fifth. 
quintan (kwin'tan) [L. quinta'nus of the fifth]. 
Recurring every fourth (fifth) day. 
925 
quintessence (kwin-tes'ens) [L. quin'tus fifth -T 
essen'tia essence]. The highly concentrated ex- 
tract of any substance. 
Quintin serum, treatment (kan-tan') [Rene 
Quintin, contemporary French physician]. See 
serum and treatment. 
quintipara (kwin-tip'ar-ah) [L. quin'tus fifth + 
pa/ere to produce]. A woman who has borne 
five children. 
quintisternal (kwin-tis-ter'nal) [L. quin'tus fifth 
+ sternum]. Noting the fifth bony portion of 
the sternum, or the part above the ensiform car- 
tilage and adjacent to the fifth intercostal space. 
quintuplet (kwin'tu-plet) [L. quin'tuplex fivefold]. 
Any one of five bom at one birth. 
quionin (kwi'o-nin). A tasteless quinin prepara- 
tion; a mixture of various cinchona alkaloids, 
mainly cinchonidin: used like quinin. 
quitenidin (kwi-ten'id-in). An alkaloid, C19H22- 
N2O4, formed by oxidizing quinidin. 
quitter, quittor (kwit'or). A fistulous sore on the 
quarters or the coronet of a horse's foot, simple 
q., local inflammation resulting in a slough, with 
formation of pus immediately above the hoof, 
skin q., a very painful ulcer of the skin above the 
hoof, subhorny q., inflammation beginning 
at the coronary band and extending beneath the 
hoof and producing pus-formation in the sensitive 
tissue, tendinous q., a condition in which the 
inflammation of quitter has extended into the 
tendons of the leg and. the ligaments of the 
joint. 
quiz (kwiz). i. Informal instruction by questions 
and answers. 2. To instruct by questions and 
answers. 
quiz-master. See quizzer. 
quizzer (kwiz'er). One who holds and conducts a 
quiz. Called also quiz-master. 
quoad vitam (kwo'ad vi'tam). Latin for "so far 
as life is concerned." A term used with reference 
to prognosis. 
Quotid. Abbreviation for L. quotid'ie, daily, 
quotidian (kwo-tid'e-an) [L. quotidia'nus daily]. 
1. Recurring every day. 2. A form of intermittent 
fever with daily recurrent paroxysms, double 
q., a fever having two daily paroxysms. 
quotient (kwo'shent). A number obtained as the 
result of division, albumin q., the amount of 
albumin in the blood divided by the amount of 
albumin present, blood q., the number ob- 
tained by dividing the amount of hemoglobin in 
a specimen of the blood by the number of erythro- 
cytes contained in it: it indicates the percentage 
of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. D q., the ratio 
of glucose to nitrogen in the urine, growth 
q., that portion of the entire food-energy which is 
utilized for the purpose of growth, intelligence 
q.,- the measure of intelligence obtained by divid- 
ing the patient's mental age, as ascertained by the 
Binet-Simon scale, by his actual age. protein q., 
the number obtained by dividing the quantity 
of globulin of the blood-plasma by the quantity 
of albumin, respiratory q., the ratio between 
the volume of carbon dioxid expired and the 
volume of oxygen inspired in a given time. 
q. v. Abbreviation for L. quan'turn vis, as much as 
you like, and for quod vi'de, which see. 
Q. V. R. 
926 
RACHISCHISIS 
R 
R. An abbreviation for Reaumur, remotum (far- 
point), respiration, and right. 
1$. A symbol for L. rec'ipe, take. 
Ra. The chemical symbol of radium. 
Raabe's test (rah'bez) [Gustav Raabe, German 
physician, born 1875]. See test. 
rabelaisin (rab-el-a'is-in). A poisonous glucosid 
from Rabelais'ia philippinen' sis, a plant of the 
Philippine Isles: a heart stimulant. 
rabetting (rab'et-ing>. Interlocking of the den- 
ticulated broken surfaces of a fractured bone. 
rabiate (ra'be-at). Affected with rabies. 
rabiator (ra'be-a-tor). A person or animal affected 
with rabies. 
rabic (ra'bik). Pertaining to rabies. 
rabid (rab'id) [L. rab'idus]. Affected with rabies, or 
hydrophobia. 
rabies (ra'be-ez) [L. ra'bere to rage]. A specific 
infectious disease of certain animals, especially 
dogs and wolves, communicated to man by direct 
inoculation, as by a bite of an infected animal, 
and believed to be due to a microorganism which 
is as yet undiscovered. After an incubation period 
of from one to six months the disease begins with 
malaise, depression of spirits, and swelling of the 
lymphatics in the region of the wound. There are 
choking and spasmodic catching of the breath, 
succeeded by increasing tetanic spasms, especially 
of the muscles of respiration and deglutition, which 
are increased by attempts to drink water or even 
by the sight of water. 'There are usually also fever 
mental derangement, vomiting, profuse secretion 
of a sticky saliva, and albuminuria. The disease is 
generally fatal, death occurring in from two to 
five days. Called also hydrophobia and lyssa. 
r. cani'na, canine madness; the rabies of dogs, 
dumb r., rabies in which paralysis is an early 
symptom, r. feli'na, the rabies of cats, furious 
r., a form in which there is very pronounced ex- 
citement. paralytic r., rabies in which paralysis 
is a marked symptom-usually an ascending spinal 
paralysis, sullen r., dumb rabies, tanacetic 
r., a condition like rabies produced in rabbits by 
the intravenous injection of the oil of tansy. 
rabietic (ra-be-et'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with rabies. 
RaBr2. Radium bromid. 
race (ras). 1. An ethnic stock, or division of man- 
kind; in a narrower sense, a national or tribal 
stock; in a still narrower sense, a genealogic line 
of descent; a class of persons of a common lineage. 
2. A class or breed of animals; a group of individuals 
having certain characters in common, due to a 
common inheritance. 3. [L. ra'dix root.] A root 
or rhizome; especially one of ginger. 
racemation (ra-se-ma'shun). Racemization. 
raceme (ra-sem') [L. race'mus a bunch of grapes]. 
1. A form of inflorescence in which the individual 
flowers are borne on stalks which spring from a 
long central stem. 2. An optically inactive form 
of a compound consisting of equal amounts of 
dextro- and levorotary forms of optical isomers. 
racemic form (ra-se'mic). Same as raceme, 2d def. 
racemization (ra-se-mi-za'shun). The making of 
an optically active substance inactive by changing 
it into a racemic form. This is usually done by 
heating. 
racemose (ras'e-mos) [L. racemo'sus]. Resembling 
a bunch of grapes on its stalk. 
rachial (ra'ke-al). Rachidial. 
rachialbuminimeter (ra"ke-al-bu-min-im'et-er) 
[Gr. paxes spine + albuminimeter]. An apparatus 
for measuring the albumin in a specimen of the 
cerebrospinal fluid. 
rachialbuminimetry (ra"ke-al-bu-min-im'et-re). 
The measurement of the amount of albumin in the 
spinal fluid. 
rachialgia (ra-ke-al'je-ah) [Gr. pax« spine + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the vertebral column. 
rachianalgesia (ra"ke-an-al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. paxes 
spine + av negative + aXyos pain]. Rachianes- 
thesia. 
rachianesthesia (ra"ke-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. paxis 
spine + anesthesia]. Spinal anesthesia; anesthesia 
produced by the injection of the anesthetic into 
the spinal canal. 
rachicentesis (ra"kis-en-te'sis) [Gr. paxes spine + 
KevTTjais puncture]. Puncture into the spinal canal. 
rachidial (ra-kid'e-al). Pertaining to the spine. 
rachidian (ra-kid'e-an) [Gr. paxes spine]. Per- 
taining to the spine. 
rachigraph (ra'kig-raf) [Gr. paxis spine + ypatpeev 
to write]. An instrument for recording the outlines 
of the spine and back. 
rachilysis (ra-kil'is-is) [Gr. pax« spine + Xvaes 
loosening]. Mechanic treatment of a curved verte- 
bral column by combined traction and pressure. 
rachiocampsis (ra"ke-o-kamp'sis) [Gr. paxes 
spine + Kapi/us curve]. Curvature of the spinal 
column. 
rachiocentesis (ra"ke-o-sen-te'sis) [Gr. paxes 
spine + Kevr^cres puncture]. Spinal puncture. 
rachiochysis (ra-ke-ok'is-is) [Gr. paxes spine + 
Xvaes a pouring]. The effusion fo a fluid within 
the vertebral canal. 
rachiococainization (ra"ke-o-ko-ka-in-iz-a'- 
shun) [Gr. paxes spine + cocainization]. Spinal 
cocainization. 
rachiocyphosis (ra"ke-o-si-fo'sis). Same as ky- 
phosis. 
rachiodynia (ra"ke-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. paxes spine + 
o6vvr) pain]. Pain in the spinal column. 
rachiokyphosis (ra"ke-o-ki-fo'sis). Same as ky- 
phosis. 
rachiometer (ra-ke-om'et-er) [Gr. paxes spine 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
curvatures of the vertebral column. 
rachiomyelitis (ra"ke-o-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. paxes 
spine + pueXos marrow + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the spinal cord. 
rachioparalysis (ra"ke-o-par-al'is-is) [Gr. paxes 
spine + paralysis]. Paralysis of spinal muscles. 
rachioplegia (ra"ke-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. pax« spine 
+ TrXrjyr) stroke]. Spinal paralysis. 
rachioscoliosis (ra"ke-o-sko-le-o'sis) [Gr. paxes 
spine + scoliosis]. Lateral curvature of the spine. 
rachiotome (ra'ke-o-tom) [Gr. paxes spine + rep- 
veev to cut]. An instrument for cutting the ver- 
tebrae. 
rachiotomy (ra-ke-ot'o-me) [Gr. paxes spine + 
ropr] cut]. The cutting of the vertebral colnmn 
in surgery or in obstetrics. 
rachiotropacocainization (ra"ke-o-tro-pa-ko"- 
ka-in-i-za'shun). Spinal cocainization with tro- 
pacocain. 
rachipagus (ra-kip'ag-us) [Gr. paxes spine + Tray os 
fixed], A double fetal monster joined at the verte- 
bral column. 
rachis (ra'kis) [Gr. paxes spine]. The vertebral 
column. 
rachischisis (ra-kis'kis-is) [Gr. paxes spine + 
axeaes cleft]. Congenital fissure of the spinal col- 
umn. r. partialis, fissure of the spinal column 
of limited extent; merorachischisis. r. poste'rior, 
spina bifida, r. totalis, fissure of the spinal 
column throughout its entire length; holorachis- 
chisis. RACHISTOVAINIZATION 
927 
RADIOCI N EM ATOGRAPH 
rachistovainization (ra-kis-to-va"in-iz-a'shun). 
Injection of stovain into the spinal canal for the 
production of local anesthesia. 
rachitic (ra-kit'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
rickets. 
rachitis (ra-ki'tis) [Gr paxiris]. 1. Formerly, 
inflammatory disease of the vertebral column. 2. 
In modern use, the same as rickets, r. foeta'lis 
annula'ris, the formation before birth of annular 
thickenings on the long bones, r. foeta'lis mi- 
cromel'ica, a deficient lengthwise growth of the 
bones of the fetus. 
rachitism (rak'it-izm). A tendency to rickets. 
rachitome (rak'it-6m) [Gr. paxes spine + repveev 
to cut]. A cutting instrument used in opening 
the spinal canal. 
rachitomy (rak-it'o-me) [Gr. paxes spine 4- repveev 
to cut]. The surgical or anatomic opening of the 
vertebral canal. 
racial (ra'shal). Pertaining to a particular race of 
mankind. 
raclage, raclement (rahk-klahzh', rahkl-mah') 
[Fr.]. Destruction or removal by rubbing. 
Rad., rad. Abbreviation for L. ra'dix, root. 
radal (ra'dal). A 20 per cent, solution of protargol: 
used as a prophylactic for gonorrhea. 
radectomy (rad-ek'to-me) [L. ra'dix root 4- Gr. 
eK.rop.ti excision]. Excision of a portion of the 
root of a tooth. 
radesyge (rah-de-se'geh) [Dan. "scab-sickness"]. 
An ulcerative skin disease formerly prevalent in 
Scandinavia. 
radia (ra'de-ah). The second stage of a distoma, 
when it ceases to be a sporocyst and has not yet be- 
come a cercaria. 
radiability (ra-de-ab-il'it-e). The property of 
being readily penetrated by the x-ray. 
radiable (ra'de-ab-1). Capable of being examined 
by the x-ray. 
radiad (ra'de-ad). Toward the radial side. 
radial (ra'de-al) [L. radia'lis]. 1. Pertaining to the 
radius or to a radius. 2. Radiating; spreading 
outward from a common center, goose-neck 
r., a radial artery which feels like a goose-neck 
owing to calcification. 
radian (ra'de-an). In ophthalmometry, an arc 
whose length equals the radius of its curvature. 
radiant (ra'de-ant) [L. ra'dians], 1. Diverging from 
a common center. 2. Any radio-active substance, 
r. matter, matter in a condition of extreme 
tenuity or ultragaseous state; gas exhausted 
to about one-millionth of its original density, 
so that it has lost its original properties and 
has acquired new, particularly luminous, ones. 
radiate (ra'de-at) [L. radia're, radia'tus\. 1. To 
diverge or spread from a common point. 2. Ar- 
ranged in a radiating manner. 
radiatio (ra-de-a'she-o). Latin for radiation, r. 
cor'poris callo'si [B N A], the radiation of the 
fibers of the corpus callosum in the medullary 
center of each cerebral hemisphere, r. cor'poris 
stria'ti [BN A], the extension of fibers from the 
thalamus and hypothalamus to the cerebral cortex, 
r. striothalam'ica. See striothalamic radiation, 
under radiation. 
radiation (ra-de-a'shun) [L. radia'tio\. 1. Di- 
vergence from a common center. 2. A structure 
made up of divergent elements. 3. Treatment 
with radium or other radio-active matter. 4. A 
French military term for the honorable discharge 
of soldiers and their return to civil life on account 
of infirmity or disease, acoustic r., auditory 
r., a bundle of fibers in the posterior part of the in- 
ternal capsule, being the final neurons in the 
auditory path. r. of Gratiolet. Same as optic r. 
occipitothalamic r. Same as optic r. optic 
T., a strand of fibers continuous with those of the 
corona radiata, and derived mainly from the pul- 
vinar, geniculate bodies, and optic tract, pyra- 
midal r., the fibers extending from the pyramidal 
tract to the cortex, sensory r's, the thalamo- 
cortical tracts, striothalamic r., a fiber-system 
which joins the thalamus to the hypothalamic re- 
gion. tegmental r., fibers radiating from the 
posterior part of the internal capsule and going to 
the cerebral cortex, thalamic r., a tract of 
fibers from the optic thalami radiating into the 
hemisphere, thalamotemporal r. Same as 
acoustic r. 
radical (rad'ik-al) [L. radica'lis]. i. Directed to 
the cause; going to the root or source of a morbid 
process. 2. A group of atoms which enters into 
and goes out of chemical combination without 
change, and which forms one of the fundamental 
constituents of a molecule, acid r., the electro- 
negative element which combines with hydrogen to 
form an acid, alcohol r., all of the alcohol 
molecule except the hydroxyl group (-OH). 
radiciform (rad-is'if-orm) [L. ra'dix root + for'ma 
shape]. Shaped like a root; shaped like the root 
of a tooth. 
radicle (rad'ik-1) [L. radic'ula}. 1. Any one of the 
smallest branches of a vessel or nerve. 2. Same as 
radical (2d def.). 
radicotomy (rad-ik-ot'o-me). Same as radiculec- 
tomy. 
radicula (rad-ik'u-lah). Latin for radicle. 
radiculalgia (rad-ik-u-lal'je-ah) [L. radic'ula a 
little root + Gr. aXyos pain]. Neuralgia of the 
nerve-roots. 
radicular (rad-ik'u-lar). Of or pertaining to a 
radicle or root. 
radiculectomy (rad-ik-u-lek'to-me) [L. radic'ula 
rootlet 4- Gr. eKropr) excision]. Excision of a root- 
let; especially, resection of spinal nerve-roots. 
radiculitis (rad-ik-u-li'tis) [L. radic'ula a little 
root + Gr. -ins inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the spinal nerve-roots. 
radiectomy (ra-de-ek'to-me) [L. ra'dix root + Gr. 
eKTop-q excision]. Excision of the root of a tooth. 
radio-actinium (ra"di-o-ak-tin'e-um). A sub- 
stance formed by the disintegration of actinium. 
It gives off alpha rays and disintegrates into ac- 
tinium x. 
radio-action (ra"de-o-ak'shun). Same as radio- 
activity. 
radio-active (ra"de-o-ak'tiv). Giving off chemi- 
cally active rays; having the property of radio- 
activity. See Table of Radio-active Elements, p. 928. 
radio-activity (ra"de-o-ak-tiv'it-e). The property 
of emitting rays, either electromagnetic waves or 
streams of particles, which are chemically active, 
produce electric effects, and act on the human body, 
induced r-a., temporary radio-activity in a sub- 
stance from being in the field of influence of a 
radio-active substance. 
radiobe (ra'de-ob) [L. ra'dius ray 4- Gr. life]. 
One of the peculiar microscopic condensations of 
sterilized bouillon produced by radium, discovered by 
J. B. Burke, which, by their appearance and the way 
in which they divide, have suggested the similar 
phenomena of bacteria. 
radiobicipital (ra"de-o-bi-sip'it-al). Pertaining 
to the radius and the biceps muscle of the arm. 
radiocarpal (ra"de-o-kar'pal). Pertaining to the 
radius and carpus. 
radiochemistry (ra"de-o-kem'is-tre). The branch 
of chemistry which treats of radio-active phe- 
nomena. 
radiochrometer (ra"de-o-krom'et-er) [L. radium 
ray 4- Gr. xpco/ia color + perpov measure]. An in- 
strument for measuring the penetrating power of 
x-rays according to the Benoist scale. 
radiocinematograph (ra"de-o-sin-e-mat'o-graf). 
An apparatus combining the moving picture camera 
and the x-ray machine, making possible moving 
pictures of the internal organs. RADIODE 
928 
RADIUM 
TABLE OF THE RADIO-ACTIVE ELEMENTS. 
radiolucency (ra"de-o-lu'sen-se). The property of 
being pervious to the x-ray, but yet offering some 
resistance. 
radiolucent (ra-de-o-lu'sent) [L. ra'dius ray 4- 
lu'cere to shine]. Permitting the passage of radiant 
energy, yet offering some resistance to it; nearly, 
but not entirely, transparent to the x-ray. 
radiolus (ra-de'o-lus) [L. dim. of ra'dius ray]. A 
probe, staff, or sound. 
radiometer (ra-de-om'et-er). An apparatus for 
measuring the penetrating power of the x-rays. 
radiomicrometer (ra"de-o-mi-krom'et-er) \radius 
ray + Gr. p'ikos small + perpov measure]. An 
instrument for detecting minute changes of radiant 
energy. 
radiomuscular (ra"de-o-mus'ku-lar). Going from 
the radial artery or nerve to the muscles. 
radion (ra'de-on). One of the radiant particles 
thrown off by a radio-active substance. 
radioneuritis (ra"de-o-nu-ri'tis). A form of neu- 
ritis seen in operators after long-continued working 
with x-rays. 
radiopacity (ra"de-o-pas'it-e). The property of 
being radiopaque. 
radiopalmar (ra"de-o-parmar). Derived from 
the radial artery and supplying the palm. 
radiopaque (ra-de-o-pak'). Opaque to the x-ray; 
not permitting the passage of radiant energy. 
radioparency (ra"de-o-par'en-se). The property 
of being radioparent. 
radioparent (ra"de-o-par'ent). Permitting the 
passage of x-rays; transparent to the x-ray. 
radiopelvimetry (ra"de-o-pel-vim'et-re). Meas- 
urement of the pelvis by x-ray examination. 
radioplastic (ra-de-o-plas'tik). A term used to 
designate a method of making a plaster image of 
an organ, such as the heart, from roentgenoscopic 
measurements. 
radiopraxis (ra"de-o-praks'is) [L. ra'dius ray + 
Gr. irpd^is practice]. Use of rays of light, electric- 
ity, etc., in treatment of disease. 
radioscope (ra'de-o-skop) [L. ra'dius ray + Gr. 
akottdiv to view]. An instrument for detecting or 
studying x-rays or other forms of radio-activity. 
radioscopy (ra-de-os'ko-pe) [L. ra'dius ray + Gr. 
(j-Koireiv to examine]. The examination of the deep 
structures of the body by means of Roentgen rays. 
radiosensitive (ra"de-o-sen'sit-iv). Sensitive to, 
or destroyable by, radiant energy, as radium, x-ray, 
or other electric radiations. 
radiostereoscopy (ra"de-o-ster-e-os'ko-pe) [L. 
ra'dius ray + Gr. arepebs solid + aKondiv to 
view]. The inspection of the interior organs by 
means of the Roentgen rays. 
radiotellurium (ra"de-o-tel-u're-um). Same as 
polonium. 
radio therapeutics (ra"de-o-ther-ap-u'tiks). Ra- 
diotherapy. 
radiotherapy (ra"de-o-ther'ap-e) [L. ra'dius ray 
+ Gr. Gepaireia cure]. The treatment of disease 
by Roentgen rays, radium rays, polonium rays, etc. 
radio thorium ('ra"de-o-tho're-um). A body found 
in pitchblende from Colorado. It is a disintegra- 
tion product of thorium and resembles the latter 
in properties. It gives off a disintegration product 
known as thorium X. 
radiotorium (ra"de-o-to're-um). A hermetically 
sealed room in which patients, for therapeutic pur- 
poses, breathe the gases arising from the disintegra- 
tion of radium. 
radio toxemia (ra"de-o-toks-e'me-ah). Toxemia 
produced by a radio-active substance, or resulting 
from radio-active treatment. 
radio-ulnar (ra"de-o-ul'nar). Pertaining to the 
radius and ulna. 
radium (ra'de-um) [so called from its radiant 
quality]. A rare metal, discovered in 1899 in 
Atomic weights. 
Uranium-radium 
series. 
Thorium series. 
Actinium series. 
Name of 
element. 
Rays emitted. 
Name of 
element. 
Rays emitted. 
Name of 
element. 
| Rays emitted. 
238.2 
234 
234 
234 
232.1 
Uranium I. ... 
Uranium Xt... 
Uranium Xs,.. 
Uranium II... 
a 
3, v 
0.7 
a 
Thorium 
a 
230 
Uranium Y.... 
3 
Protoactinium 
a 
230 
Ionium 
228 
Mesothorium 1 
3. y 
228 
228 
Mesothorium 2 
Radiothorium 
y 
226 
Radium 
a 
Actinium 
3 
226 
Radioactinium 
a 
224 
Thorium X... 
a 
222 
Radium Em- 
anation 
a 
Actinium X... 
a 
220 
Thorium Em.. 
a 
218 
Radium A.... 
a 
Actinium Em.. 
a 
216 
Thorium A.... 
a 
214 
Radium B.... 
M 
Actinium A... 
a 
214 
212 
Radium C.... 
Thorium B.... 
a 
212 
Thorium C.... 
210 
Radium D.. .. 
3 y 
a 
Actinium B... 
0, v 
a 
210 
Radium E 
Actinium C... 
210 
208 
208 
Radium F 
(Polonium).. 
Thorium D.... 
Thorium E 
P,y 
206 
Radium G 
(Lead) 
(Lead) 
Actinium D... 
3* V 
206 
Actinium E 
(Lead) 
See also Table of Isotopes. 
radiode (ra'de-bd). An instrument for the thera- 
peutic application of radium. 
radio dermatitis (ra"de-o-der-mat-i'tis) [L. ra'- 
dius ray + dermatitis]. Dermatitis caused by 
exposure to x-rays. 
radiodiagnosis (ra"de-o-di-ag-no'sis). Diagno- 
sis by means of x-rays and x-ray photographs. 
radiodiaphane (ra"de-o-di'af-an). An instrument 
for performing transillumination by means of 
radium. 
radiodigital (ra"de-o-dij'it-al) [L. ra'dius radius 
+ dig'itus finger]. Pertaining to the radius and 
to the fingers. 
radiodontia (ra"de-o-don'she-ah) [L. ra'dius ray 4- 
Gr. bbovs tooth]. That department of dentistry 
which deals with the making and interpretation of 
radiograms of the teeth and surrounding structures. 
radiodontist (ra"de-o-don'tist) [L. ra'dius ray + 
oSofis tooth]. A specialist in dental radiography. 
radio-element (ra"de-o-el'e-ment). Any chemical 
element having radio-active properties. 
radiogenol (ra"de-o-je'nol). An emulsion of insol- 
uble radio-active minerals, intended for injection 
into tumors, etc. 
radiogram (ra'de-o-gram). Same as skiagraph. 
radiograph (ra'de-o-graf) [L. ra'dius ray + Gr. 
7pa<p«fto record]. Same as skiagraph. 
radiography (ra-de-og'raf-e). Skiagraphy; pho- 
tography with the Rbntgen rays. 
radiohumeral (ra"de-o-hu'mer-al). Pertaining to 
the radius and humerus. 
radiolead (ra"de-o-led'). An isotopic lead which is 
the final product of a radio-active disintegration 
series; radium G. 
radiology (ra-de-ol'o-je). The study of radio- 
activity and radio-active substances. RADIUMIZATION 
929 
R. A. M. C. 
pitchblende. Metallic radium is unstable in air, 
the chlorid. bromid, sulphate, and carbonate being 
the salts used. It is a spontaneous source of 
radiation, and maintains a temperature of from 
20 to 50 F. above the surrounding atmosphere. Its 
atomic weight is 226, symbol, Ra. Radium salts 
emit, besides heat and light, three distinct kinds of 
radiation, which are distinguished as a-, pi-, and 
-y-rays, and also a radio-active gas called radium 
emanation. The y-rays are similar to x-rays, 
passing through many substances opaque to light. 
The /3-rays are similar to cathode rays, and have less 
penetrating power than y-rays. The a-rays have 
very slight penetrating power. Radium rays have 
been used in the treatment of lupus and other skin 
diseases, as well as in sarcoma and carcinoma. 
See Table of Radio-active Elements, p. 928. 
radiumization (ra"de-um-iz-a'shun). Application 
of radium rays to a part. 
radiumologist (ra-de-um-ol'o-jist). A practitioner 
who specializes in treatment by radium. 
radius (ra'de-us) [L. "spoke"]. 1. A line radiating 
from a center. 2. The bone on the outer or 
thumb side of the forearm, r. car'vus. See 
Madelung's deformity, under deformity, r. fix'us 
a straight line from the hormion to the inion. 
radix (ra'diks), pl. radi'ces. Latin for root. r. an- 
te'rior [B N A], the anterior or motor root of a 
spinal nerve, r. ar'cus ver'tebrae [B N A], the 
pedicle of a vertebra, r. bre'vis gan'glii cilia'- 
ris [B N A], the motor root of the ciliary ganglion, 
r. cerebel'li, the posterior peduncle of the cere- 
bellum. r. den'tis [BN A], the root of a tooth, 
r. latera lis trac'tus op'tici [B N A], lateral 
root of the optic tract, r. lin'guae [B N A], the 
root of the tongue, r. lon'ga gan'glii cilia'ris 
[BN A], the sensory root of the ciliary ganglion, 
r. media'lis trac'tus op'tici [B N A], medial 
root of the optic tract, r. mesenceph'ali, the 
mesencephalic root of the trigeminus nerve, r. 
mesenter'ii [B N A], the base of the mesentery 
of the small intestine at the posterior parietal 
peritoneum, r. mol'lis gan'glii cilia'ris [B N 
AJ, the soft root of the ciliary ganglion, r. moto'- 
ria, the smaller and motor root of the trigeminal 
nerve, r. na'si [B N A], the root of the nose. r. 
ner'vi facia'lis [B N A], root of the facial nerve, 
r. pe'nis [B N A], the root of the penis, r. pi'li 
[B N A], a hair-root. r. poste'rior [B N A], the 
posterior or sensory root of a spinal nerve, r. 
pulmonis [B N A], the root of the lung. r. 
senso'ria, the sensory root of the trigeminal 
nerve, r. trigem'ini, the root of the trigeminus 
nerve, r. un guis, root of the nail. 
radzyge (rad'zi-ge). See radesyge. 
raffinase (raf'in-as). An enzyme which splits up 
raffinose. 
raffinose (raf'in-6s). A trisaccharid, C18H32O16 + 
5H2O, from beets. On hydrolysis it yields glucose, 
galactose, and levulose. 
rafle (rah'fl). An eruptive disease of cattle in north- 
ern France. 
rag-pickers' disease. See rag-sorters' disease, 
under disease. 
ragweed (rag'wed). See Ambrosia. 
railway-spine (ral'wa-). See spine. 
rain-boil. An endemic ulcer prevalent in India in 
the rainy season; Scinde boil. 
Rainey's corpuscles (ra'nez) [George Rainey, Eng- 
lish anatomist, 1801-1884]. See corpuscle. 
raisins (ra'zns) \L. pas'stdee; u'va pas'see]. Dried 
grapes. Corinthian r., true currants. 
rale (rahl) [Fr. " rattle "]. Any abnormal respira- 
tory sound heard in auscultation, and indicating 
some pathologic condition. Rales are distin- 
guished as dry or moist, according to the absence 
or presence of fluid in the air-passages, and are 
classified according to their location as bronchial, 
cavernous, laryngeal, pleural, tracheal, and vesic- 
ular. amphoric r., a large, musical, and tink- 
ling rale produced by the splashing of fluid in a 
cavity connected with a bronchus, bubbling r., 
a moist rale, finer than a subcrepitant rale, heard in 
bronchitis, in the resolving stage of croupous pneu- 
monia, and over small cavities, cavernous r., 
a hollow and metallic rale caused by the alternate 
expansion and contraction of a pulmonary cavity 
during respiration. It is heard in the third stage 
of pulmonary tuberculosis, clicking r., a small, 
sticky sound heard in inspiration, and caused by 
the passage of air through softening matter in the 
smaller bronchi. It occurs in the early stages of 
pulmonary tuberculosis, collapse r., a fine 
crepitant rale heard over collapsed lung tissue; 
also at the base of the healthy lung of a bedridden 
patient: due to incomplete expansion of the air- 
vesicles. consonating r., a clear, ringing 
sound produced in bronchial tubes that are sur- 
rounded by consolidation tissues: heard in tu- 
berculous pneumonia, crackling r. Same as 
subcrepitant r. crepitant r., a very fine rale, 
resembling the sound produced by rubbing a 
lock of hair between the fingers or by particles 
of salt thrown on fire. It is heard at the end 
of inspiration in the early stages of croupous 
pneumonia, dry r., a rale produced by the pres- 
ence of viscid secretion in the bronchial tubes or 
by thickening of the walls of the tubes. It has a 
whistling, musical, or squeaking quality. Dry 
rales are Heard in asthma and bronchitis, extra- 
thoracic r., a rale produced in the larynx or 
trachea, gurgling r., a very coarse rale re- 
sembling the bursting of large bubbles. They 
are heard over large cavities that contain fluid, 
and in the trachea in the death-rattle, guttural 
T., a rale produced in the throat. Hirtz's r., 
a moist, subcrepitant, metallic rale indicative of 
tuberculous softening, r. in'dux, a crepitant 
rale heard in the stage of beginning consolidation 
in pneumonia. laryngeal r., a rale pro- 
duced in the larynx. metallic r. Same as 
consonating r. moist r., a rale produced by the 
presence of liquid in the bronchial tubes, mu- 
cous r. (r. muqueux), a modified subcrepitant rale 
resembling the sound produced by blowing through 
a pipe into soapy water. It is caused by the burst- 
ing of viscid bubbles in the bronchial tubes: heard 
in emphysema of lungs, pleural r., a pleural 
friction-sound, r. re'dux, r. de retour, an 
unequal crackling sound produced by air passing 
through fluid in a bronchial tube: heard in the 
resolution stage of pneumonia, sibilant r., a 
hissing sound resembling that produced by suddenly 
separating two oiled surfaces. It is produced by 
the presence of a viscid secretion in the bronchial 
tubes or by thickening of the walls of the tubes: 
heard in asthma, bronchitis, and in the beginning 
of tuberculosis of the lungs. Skoda's r., a 
bronchiale rale heard through consolidated 
tissue in pneumonia. sonorous r., a small, 
moist sound resembling the cooing of a dove, 
produced by the passage of air through mucus 
in the capillary bronchial tubes: heard in capil- 
lary bronchitis and asthma, subcrepitant r., 
a fine, moist rale heard in conditions that are 
associated with liquid in the smaller tubes, as in 
bronchitis, pulmonary edema, and phthisis in the 
early stages. Called also crackling r. tracheal 
r., a rale produced in the trachea, vesicular 
r., a crepitant rale, whistling r., a sibilant 
rale. 
Ralfe's test (ralfs) [Charles Henry Ralfe, English 
physician, 1842-1896]. See under tests. 
ramal (ra'mal). Pertaining to a ramus; branching, 
ramaninjana (ram"an-in-jah'nah). A form of 
palmus, or jumping disease, prevailing in Mada- 
gascar. 
Rambotham's hook (ram'both-amz). A hook 
with a concave cutting edge, used for decapitating 
a fetus. 
R. A. M. C. Abbreviation for Royal Army Medical 
Corps. 930 
RASH 
Ramdohr's suture (rahm'dorz) [Caesar A. von 
Ramdohr, American surgeon, 1855-1912]. See 
under suture. 
ramex (ra'meks) [L.]. 1. A hernia. 2. Varicocele, 
ramification (ram"if-ik-a'shun) [L. ra'mus branch 
-F fa'cere to make]. 1. Distribution in branches. 
2. A branch or set of branches. 3. The manner 
of branching. 
ramify (ram'if-i) [L. ra'mus branch + fa'cere to 
make]. 1. To branch; to diverge in various direc- 
tions. 2. To traverse in branches. 
ramogen (ram'o-jen). A proprietary sterile modified 
milk preparation. 
ramollissement (rah-mol-es-maw'). French for 
softening. 
Ramon y Cajal's cells, stain (rah-mbn' e ka-hal') 
[S. R. Ramon y Cajal, Spanish histologist, born 
1852J. See Cajal's cell, under cell, and under stains. 
ramose, ramous (ra'mbs, ra'mus) [L. ra'mus 
branch]. Branching; having many branches. 
rampart, maxillary (ram'part). A ridge or 
mound of epithelial cells seen in that portion of 
the jaw of the embryo which is to become the 
alveolar border. 
ramulus (ram'u-lus). A small branch or terminal 
division. 
ramus (ra'mus), pl. ra'mi [L.]. 1. A branch, as of 
an artery, bone, nerve, or vein. 2. Any constant 
branch of a fissure or sulcus of the brain, r. 
anastomot'icus, nerve-fibers running from one 
nerve to another and frequently carrying sensory 
fibers to a motor nerve, or vice versa, r. anasto- 
mot'icus peronse'us [B N A], the communicans 
peronaei nerve. See Nerves, table of. r. auric- 
ula'ris va'gi [BNA], Arnold's nerve, r. com- 
mun'icans, a branch connecting a spinal nerve 
with a sympathetic ganglion, r. exter'nus ner'- 
vi accesso'rii, a fetal branch of the spinal acces- 
sory nerve, r. interfunicula'ris, one of the 
branches which connect the two chains of the 
sympathetic nervous system, r. internodia- 
lis, one of the branches which connect the ganglia 
of the sympathetic nervous system, ischio- 
pubic r., the descending ramus of the pubic bone 
together with the ramus of the ischium, r. of the 
ischium, the narrower projecting part of the 
bone. r. of the jaw, the ascending branch at 
.each end of the lower jaw-bone. r. mandib'uli, 
the ramus of the jaw. r. meninge'us va'gi [B 
N A], the recurrent branch of the vagus, r. of 
the pubis, one of the parts of the pubis forming 
the boundary of the obturator foramen. 
rancid (ran'sid) [L. ran'eidus]. Having a musty, 
rank taste or smell. The term is applied to fats 
that have undergone decomposition, with the de- 
velopment of fatty acids. 
rancidity (ran-sid'it-e). The quality of being rancid. 
Randia (ran'de-ah) [after Isaac Rand\. A genus of 
tropical rutaceous trees and shruhs. The fruit 
of R. dumeto'rum, of Africa and India (emetic nut), 
is a powerful emetic. Dose of tincture, 15-60 min. 
(1-4 c.c.). 
Randolph's test (ran'dolfs) [Nathaniel Archer 
Randolph, American physician, 1858-1887]. See 
under tests. 
range of accommodation (ranj). The alteration 
in the refractive state of the eye produced by ac- 
commodation. It is the difference in diopters 
between the refraction by the eye adjusted for its 
far-point and that when adjusted for its near-; 
point. Called also amplitude of accommodation 
and breadth of accommodation. 
Range'lia Vital'ii. A blood parasite causing the 
disease nambi-uvu in dogs. 
ranine (ra'nln) [L. rani'nus; ra'na frog]. Pertain- 
ing to a frog, to a ranula, or to the lower surface 
of the tongue. 
Ranke's angle (rahn'kez) [Hans Rudolph Ranke, 
Dutch anatomist, 1849-1887]. See angle. 
RAMDOHR'S SUTURE 
Ranke's formula (rahn'kez) [Karl Ranke, contem- 
porary German chemist]. See formula 
Ransohoff's operation (ran'so-hofs) [Joseph 
Ransohoff, surgeon in Cincinnati, 1853-1921]. See 
operation. 
ranula (ran'u-lah) [L. dim. of ra'na frog]. A 
cystic tumor beneath the tongue, due to obstruc- 
tion and dilatation of the sublingual or submax- 
illary gland or of a mucous gland, pancreatic 
r., a retention-cyst of the pancreatic duct. 
ranular (ran'u-lar). Pertaining to or of the nature 
of ranula. 
Ranvier's nerve, node, etc. (rahn-ve-az') [Louis 
Antoine Ranvier, French pathologist, 1835-1922]. 
See nerve, node, etc. 
Raoult's law (rah-olz') [Francois Marie Raoult, 
French physicist, 1830-1899]. See under law. 
rape (rap) [L. rap'tus]. Coitus without the consent 
of the woman or against her will. 
raphania (raf-a'ne-ah) [L. raph'anus; Gr. pd^avos 
radish]. A chronic poisoning ascribed to the seeds 
of wild radish and resembling ergotism (Linnaeus). 
It is attended with spasms of the limbs. 
raphe, rhaphe (ra'fe) [Gr. paw seam]. A ridge 
or furrow that marks the line of union of the 
halves of various symmetric parts, r. ano- 
coccy'gea, a fibrous septum extending from the 
anus to the coccyx, r. cor'poris callo'si, a 
linear furrow along the median line of the upper 
side of the callosum, and a similar ridge on the 
lower side. r. medul'lae oblonga'tae [B N A], 
the line of union of the two halves of the medulla 
oblongata, r. pal'ati [B N A], the middle ridge 
of the palate, r. palpebra'lis latera'lis [B N 
A], the external tarsal ligament, r. pterygo- 
mandibula'ris [B N A], the pterygomaxillary 
ligament, r. scro'ti [BNA], the cord-like eleva- 
tion upon the skin of the scrotum, dividing it into 
halves. Stilling's r., the fibers uniting the pyra- 
mids on the anterior surface of the oblongata. 
raphidio spore (ra-fid'e-o-spor). See exotospore. 
rap'tus melanchol'icus. An attack of frenzy or 
agitation occurring in a patient with melancholia. 
rarefaction (rar-e-fak'shun) [L. rarefac'tio]. The 
condition of being or becoming less dense; diminu- 
tion in density and weight, but not in volume. 
rarefying osteitis (rar'e-fi-ing). See osteitis. 
Ras. Abbreviation for L. rasu'rce, shavings. 
Rasa'hus bigutta'tus. A bug found in Cuba, 
Panama, and South America, which sometimes 
bites man. 
rasceta (ras-e'tah). Transverse markings across 
the skin of the wrists, on the palmar surface. 
Rasch's sign (rahshs) [Hermann Rasch, German 
obstetrician, born 1873]. See under sign. 
rash (rash). A temporary eruption on the skin, 
as in urticaria and strophulus; an exanthema, 
anilin r., a skin inflammation due to anilin 
poisoning, antitoxin r., a skin eruption fre- 
quently following the administration of diphtheria 
antitoxin, astacoid r., a reddish eruption in 
small-pox resembling in color the shell of a boiled 
lobster, black currant r., the peculiar appear- 
ance of the skin in xeroderma pigmentosum, 
canker r., a popular name for scarlatina, 
caterpillar r., a local eruption attrib- 
uted to poisoning by the hairs of caterpillars, 
crystal r., sudamina. drug-r., a rash due 
to medication. Called also medicinal r. flan- 
nel r., a reddish eruption caused by the irri- 
tation of flannel underclothing, gum-r. See 
strophulus. heat r., miliaria rubra, hydatid 
T., an urticarial eruption which sometimes follows 
tapping or rupture of a hydatid cyst, medici- 
nal r. See drug-r. mulberry-r., a peculiar 
eruption of typhus, looking like that of measles, 
nettle-r. Same as urticaria, rose-r. Same 
as roseola, serum-r., the rash that sometimes 
follows the injection of antitoxic sera, tonsillot- 
omy r., an eruption on the neck and body after 
softening. RAY 
tonsillectomy, tooth-r. Same as strophulus. 
wildfire r. Same as strophulus volaticus. 
rasion (ra'zhun) [L. ra'sio]. The rasping of drugs 
with a file. 
rasmosin (ras'mo-sin). A resin-like derivative from 
the root of Cimicifuga racemo'sa: tonic, antispas- 
modic, and antirheumatic. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.06- 
0.3 gm.). 
Rasmussen's aneurysm [Fritz Waldemar Ras- 
mussen, Danish physician, 1834-1881]. See 
aneurysm. 
raspatory (ras'pat-o-re) [L. raspato'rium]. A 
file or rasp for surgeon's use; a xyster. 
raspberry (raz'ber-e). See under Rubus. 
rasura (rah-su'rah). Latin for scrapings or filings. 
rat (rat). A rodent commonly found about human 
habitations. The larger species of the genus Mus 
are called rats, the smaller, mice. Rats not only 
cause great economic loss, but their bite causes 
rat-bite fever; they harbor at least eleven different 
species of intestinal parasites that may be trans- 
mitted to man, such as tapeworms, round worms, 
and trichina:; they assist in the transmission of 
plague, dysentery, and Weil's disease to man; and 
they help to keep alive bedbugs and fleas when 
they have no access to human blood, black r., 
Mus rattus, the English black rat and the one 
most responsible for transmitting plague to man 
by means of its flea (Xenopsylla cheopis). It is 
smaller than the brown rat, has longer ears and 
tail, and is glossy black in color, brown r., Mus 
norvegicus; also called the barn rat, gray rat, Nor- 
way rat, sewer rat, and wharf rat. It is larger than 
the black rat, has a brownish-gray color and short 
ears and tail. Egyptian or roof r., Mus 
alexandrinus. white T., an albino form of Mus 
rattus or of Mus norvegicus which is much used as 
a laboratory animal, wood-r. See wood-rat. 
ratanhia, ratany (rat-an'e-ah, rat'an-e) [Pg. 
ratan'hia], Same as krameria. 
rat-bite fever. See under fever. 
rate (rat). The measure of a thing by its ratio or 
relation to some standard, basal metabolic r. 
See basal metabolism, under metabolism, case 
fatality r., the percentage of cases of sickness 
which terminate fatally, death r., the ratio of 
the total number of deaths in a community to the 
population, generally figured in terms of number of 
deaths per 1000, 10,000, or 100,000 of population, 
heart r., the rate of the contractions of the 
ventricles of the heart. It usually corresponds to 
the pulse rate, but occasionally some of the ven- 
tricular contractions fail to produce peripheral 
pulse waves; so that the pulse at the wrist is less 
in rate than that of the heart. This difference is 
called pulse deficit, morbidity r., the proportion 
of cases of a given disease occurring during the year 
per 1000, 10,000, or 100,000 of population, pulse 
r., the rate of the pulse beat. The normal rate is 
72 for men and 80 for women. 
Rathke's pocket or pouch (raht'kez) [Martin H. 
Rathke, German anatomist, 1793-1860]. See pouch. 
raticide (rat'is-id). A substance that will kill rats; 
a rat poison. 
ratin (rat'in). A preparation of living bacteria of 
the paratyphoid enteritidis group, pathogenic to 
rats: used as a rat exterminator. 
ratio (ra'she-o). Latin for proportion, absorp- 
tion-r., the ratio between the coefficient of ex- 
tinction of a solution and the amount of light- 
absorbing matter in that solution, cell-color r., 
the result obtained by dividing the percentage of 
red cells by the percentage of hemoglobin, cura- 
tive T., the fraction of the minimal lethal dose of 
a drug that is therapeutically effective; called also 
therapeutic r. D : N r., the ratio between the dex- 
trose and the nitrogen of the urine, hand-r., the 
ratio of the length of the hand to its width, men- 
delian r., a ratio of 1 to 3 seen in the grandchil- 
RASION 
931 
dren of a cross between two races differing by some 
one characteristic, nutritive r., the ratio be- 
tween the digestible protein and the digestible fats 
and carbohydrates in a ration in stock-feeding, 
therapeutic r. See curative r. 
ration (ra'shun) [L. ' ra'tio proportion]. A fixed 
daily allowance of food or drink. 
rational (rash'un-al) [L. rationa'lis reasonable]. 
Accordant with reason; based upon reasoning 
and not upon simple experience. 
rationale (rash-o-na'le). A rational exposition of 
principles; the logical basis of a procedure. 
ratsbane (rats'ban). White arsenic; arsenous 
anhydrid, As2O3. 
rat-tails (rat'talz). A swollen condition of the 
hair-papillae over the flexor tendons of a horse's leg, 
due to lichen. 
rattlesnake (rat'l-snak). Same as Crotalus. 
Rau, process of (row) [Johann J. Rau (Ravius), 
Dutch anatomist, 1658-1719], See process. 
Rauber's layer (row'berz) [August Rauber, German 
anatomist, born 1845]. See layer. 
raucedo (raw-se'do). Latin for hoarseness. 
Rauchfuss's triangle (rowsh'foos) [Charles An- 
dreyevich Rauchfuss, physician in St. Petersburg, 
1835-1916]. Same as Grocco's sign. See under 
sign. 
Rausch (rowsh) [Ger. "intoxication"]. Light 
general anesthesia with ether only to the point 
where, if questioned sharply, the patient will not 
reply. Called also ether rausch. 
Rauschbrand (rowsh'brahnt) [Ger.]. Symptomatic 
anthrax. See under anthrax. 
Ravius' process (ra've-us). See Rau, process of. 
ray (ra) [L. ra'dius spoke]. A line of light or of 
heat, actinic r., a light-ray which produces 
chemic changes, alpha-r's, a-r's, those radio- 
active emanations that have the lowest velocity and 
penetrating power. They consist of positively 
charged helium atoms, having great velocities. 
They are deflecteo by a strong electric or magnetic 
field, astral r., one of the rays of an astrosphere. 
Becquerel r's, rays emitted from uranium dis- 
covered by Becquerel in 1896. beta-r's, /3-r's, 
streams of electrons sent out from a radio-active 
substance with velocities approaching that of light. 
Blondlot r's. See n-r's. canal-r's, rays 
formed when a discharge is passed through a 
vacuum tube having a perforated cathode. They 
consist of positive ions, analogous to alpha-rays, 
cathode-r's, streams of electrons given off from 
the cathode of a vacuum tube in which an electric 
discharge takes place. They move in a straight 
line unless deflected by a magnet. By striking on 
solids they generate Roentgen rays, chemical 
r. Same as actinic r. delta-r's, rays of high 
penetrating power given off from radium and other 
radio-active substances. They are waves of motion 
and not electrically charged particles like the 
alpha- and beta-rays, direct r., primary ray. 
Finsen r's. See Finsen light, under light, r.- 
fungus. Same as actinomyces. gamma-r's, 
7-r's, electromagnetic waves sent out by radio- 
active bodies and similar to Roentgen rays, 
glass-r's, the rays formed in an x-ray tube by 
the cathode rays striking the glass wall of the tube, 
so called to distinguish them from the x-rays 
originating at the anticathode. Goldstein's 
r's, rays formed when x-rays pass through some 
transparent medium. Called also s-r's. hard 
r's, x-rays of short wave length and great pene- 
trative power, hertzian r's, electromagnetic 
waves similar to a light wave, but having a greater 
wave length. They are the waves used in wireless 
transmission of signals, speech, etc. i-r's, an 
alleged form of radiant emanations allied to w-rays, 
and given off from the brain during certain psychic 
processes, indirect r's, rays formed at the sur- 
face of the glass of the tube. Lenard r's, cathode 
rays after they have issued from a Crookes' tube through a window of platinum foil, medullary 
r., any cortical extension of a bundle of tubules 
from a malpighian pyramid of the kidney, mi- 
nin r's, rays generated by passing incandes- 
cent light through dark-blue glass, n-r's, non- 
luminous rays having a wave length below that of 
heat and light and above that of electricity. These 
rays are emitted along with light-rays from or- 
dinary flame, and are also given off by certain 
bodies, as glass, wood, and rubber, when forcibly 
compressed and twisted. The rays have the power 
of passing through platinum, aluminum, tin-foil, 
glass, gold-leaf, and saline water, but they are 
arrested by pure water and by lead. They also 
have the property of increasing the luminosity of 
light and of producing luminosity in fluorescent 
and phosphorescent bodies. It has been stated 
that the rays are emitted by living nerve and mus- 
cle. Called also Blondlot r's. A variety of n-rays 
(called n'-rays) differs from n-rays in diminishing 
the luminosity of light and of faintly luminous 
surfaces. Nieuenglowski's r's, luminous rays 
given out by substances which have been exposed 
to the sun. paracathodic r's, rays formed by 
the impaction of cathode rays against a body (the 
anticathode) in their path, primary r., a ray 
given off directly from a radio-active substance. 
Roentgen r's, electromagnetic vibrations or 
waves set in motion when electrons, moving at 
high velocity, impinge on certain substances, 
especially the heavy metals. They are able to 
penetrate most substances, to affect a photographic 
plate, to bring about chemical reactions, and to 
produce changes in living matter. They are 
generated by passing a current of high potential 
through a highly exhausted vacuum tube (Coolidge 
tube) and are used in taking photographs called 
skiagrams or shadowgraphs of various parts of the 
body. They thus reveal foreign bodies therein, 
calculi, bullets, etc., or the condition of the invisi- 
ble parts, such as fractures, as well as the function 
of such organs as the heart, stomach, intestines, 
etc. They are also used in treating various dis- 
eased conditions, such as lupus, cancer, eczema. 
Called also x-rays. Sagnac r's, secondary beta- 
rays formed when gamma-rays are reflected from 
a metal surface, secondary r., a ray formed 
when a primary ray strikes against matter, soft 
r's, x-rays of long wave length which do not pene- 
trate the tissues, x-r. See Roentgen r's. ultra- 
violet r's, those invisible rays of the spectrum 
which are beyond the violet rays. 
rayage (ra'ej). The dosage of any form of radiant 
energy. 
raying (ra'ing). Exposure to the action of x-rays 
or any other kind of radio-activity. 
Raymond type of apoplexy (ra-mon') [Fulgence 
Raymond, French neurologist, born 1844]. See un- 
der type. 
Raynaud's disease (ra-noz') [Maurice Raynaud, 
French physician, 1834-1881]. See under dis- 
ease. 
Rb. A symbol of rubidium. 
R. C. P. Abbreviation for Royal College of Physi- 
cians. 
R. C. S. Abbreviation for Royal College of Sur- 
geons. 
R. D. Abbreviation for reaction of degeneration. 
R. D. A. The right dorso-anterior position of the 
fetus at delivery. 
R. D. P. The right dorsoposterior position of the 
fetus. 
R. E. Abbreviation for radium emanation and 
right eye. 
re- [LJ. A prefix signifying back, again, contrary, 
etc. 
react (re-akt'). 1. To respond to a stimulus. 2. To 
enter into chemical action with. 
reactant (re-ak'tant). The original substance enter- 
ing into a chemical reaction. 
RAYAGE 
932 
laction (re-ak'shun) [L. re again + agere to 
act], i. Opposite action, or counteraction; the 
response of a part to stimulation. 2. The phe- 
nomena caused by the action of chemical agents; a 
chemical process in which one substance is trans- 
formed into another substance or substances. 
[Specially named reactions not defined here will 
be found under tests.] Abderhalden's r., a 
serum reaction based upon the hypothesis that 
when a foreign protein gets into the blood the body 
reacts by elaborating a ferment which causes dis- 
integration of the protein. Such a ferment is called 
a protective ferment and is specific for the particular 
protein which caused its formation. This reaction 
was first applied to the diagnosis of pregnancy on 
the principle that in the blood of pregnant women 
there is present a proteolytic ferment which will 
cause cleavage of placental albumin and placental 
peptone. The same principle is applied to the diag- 
nosis of cancer because the blood of cancer patients 
contains a ferment which digests coagulated cancer 
protein. Similarly, in dementia praecox, the brain 
becomes degenerated and furnishes to the blood 
substances which excite the formation of a ferment 
capable of decomposing proteins of human brain. 
This is the A bderhalden-Fauser reaction. The same 
principle has also been applied to the diagnosis of 
syphilis, tuberculosis, and the acute infections. 
Abderhalden-Fauser r. See under Abderhal- 
den's r. Abelen's r., a reaction for ascertaining 
the presence of salvarsan in the urine. From 7 to 8 
c.c. of urine are acidulated with 2 or 3 drops of 0.1 
per cent, solution of hydrochloric acid; 3 or 
4 drops of 10 per cent, sodium nitrite solution are 
added, and then 2 or 3 drops of a 10 per cent, al- 
kaline resorcin solution, and, finally, an excess of 
sodium hydroxid. abortin r. See abortin test, 
under tests, acetic-acid r. See Rivalta's r. 
acetonitril r. See acetonitril test, under tests. 
acid r., the turning of blue litmus-paper red: 
a test for the presence of acids. Acree-Rosen- 
heim r. , See under tests. Adamkiewicz's r. 
See Adamkiewicz's test, under tests, aggluti- 
nation r. See agglutination and Widal test, 
under tests, alkaline r., the turning of red 
litmus blue: an indication of the presence of an 
alkali, amphicriotic r., amphoteric r., a 
combination of acid and alkaline reactions indicated 
by alteration of the color of both blue and red 
litmus by the same reagent, amphigenous r. 
Same as amphoteric r. antalgic r., a bodily re- 
action or response having the purpose of avoiding 
pain, antigen r. of Debre and Paraf, a 
complement-fixation reaction for the diagnosis of 
urinary tuberculosis, using for antigen the pa- 
tient's urine, for antibody known tuberculosis se- 
rum, and testing the complement against a hemo- 
lytic serum of sheep's corpuscles and antisheep se- 
rum. antitryptic r., the reaction produced by 
the blood upon mixtures of trypsin and casein solu- 
tions. Such reaction is modified by various dis- 
eased conditions, such as cancer, tuberculosis; also 
by the pregnant condition. Ascoli's r. Same as 
miostagmin r. associative r., a reaction in 
which the response is withheld until the idea pre- 
sented has suggested an associated idea. Aus- 
trian's r., an ophthalmic reaction for typhoid 
fever by the use of an antigen prepared from a 
mixed culture of a large number of different 
strains of typhoid bacilli. Ba.reggi's r., the forma- 
tion in a test-tube of an unretracted clot, with but 
little serum, from the blood of typhoid fever; but if 
the blood be taken from a patient with tubercu- 
losis, the clot retracts with the separation of much 
serum. Bechterew's r., in cases of tetany 
the minimum of electric current needed to arouse 
muscular contraction needs to be diminished at 
every interruption or change of density in order 
to prevent tetanic contraction. Bence-Jones 
r., the precipitation of albumose by nitric acid, 
followed by its redissolving on boiling and being 
precipitated again on cooling. Beyerinck's r. 
Same as cholera r. Bittorf's r., in renal colic 
REACTION the pain produced by squeezing the testicle or 
pressing the ovary radiates to the kidney, biuret 
r. See biuret test, under tests. Brieger's cachexia 
r. See cachexia r. cachexia r., increase in the 
antitryptic power of the blood-serum seen in 
malignant disease and other diseases characterized 
by cachexia. Calmette's r. See ophthalmic r. 
Cammidge's r. See pancreatic r. carbamino 
r., alpha-amino acids unite with CO2 in the 
presence of alkalies or alkaline earths to form salts 
of carbamino-carboxylic acids. This reaction is 
used in studying the course of protein digestion. 
See formol titration, under method. Chante- 
messe's r., the ophthalmic reaction for ty- 
phoid fever. See ophthalmic r. cholera r., a red 
color developing on the addition of concentrated 
sulphuric acid to a culture of cholera bacillus, 
coagulation r. See Hirschfeld-Klinger r. 
complement-fixation r. See fixation of com- 
plement. compluetic r. Same as W assermann 
r. conglutination r., a characteristic clump- 
ing reaction obtained by a mixture of conglu- 
tinin, bacteria, fresh complement, and a specific 
immune serum from which the agglutinins have been 
removed by absorption. See conglutinin. con- 
junctival r. See ophthalmic r. consen- 
sual r., a reaction that takes place independ- 
ently of the will, cutaneous r., cuti-r. 1. An 
inflammatory or irritative reaction on the skin, oc- 
curring in certain infectious diseases, on the appli- 
cation to or injection into the skin of a preparation 
of the organism causing the disease. Such reac- 
tions occur in tuberculosis, glanders, typhoid fever, 
leprosy, syphilis, diphtheria, and tinea. See the 
following reactions or tests: Deehan's r., Lautier's 
test, Ligniere's test, Moro's r., Noguchi's luetin r., 
pallidin r., Pirquet's r., Schick's test, typhoidin test. 
2. A reaction produced by applying to an abrasion 
or by injecting into the skin a solution of a protein 
or a pollen to which the patient is sensitive. 
Deehan's typhoid r., a cutaneous test for ty- 
phoid fever in which the reagent is 4,000,000,000 ty- 
phoid bacilli in 1 c.c. of physiologic salt solution, r. 
of degeneration, the reaction to electric 
stimulation of muscles whose nerves have de- 
generated. It -consists of a loss of response 
to a faradic stimulus in a muscle, and to gal- 
vanic and faradic stimulus in a nerve. Galvanic 
irritability of the muscle is increased, r. of 
degeneration, franklinic, a form of reaction 
elicited by static electricity and similar to the re- 
action produced by the faradic current, depot r., 
a red reaction of the skin around the point of en- 
trance of the needle in the subcutaneous tuberculin 
test, dermotuberculin r. Same as Pirquet's r. 
desmoid r. (for gastric secretion and motility), 
a bag of rubber tissue containing methylene-blue 
and iodoform, and tied with a string of soft cat- 
gut, is administered to the patient: normal gas- 
tric juice will digest the string and liberate the 
stain, which will appear in the urine after five or 
six hours. Detre's r., a differential reaction 
between infection with bovine and human tuber- 
culosis, made by simultaneous cutaneous inocula- 
tion with a filtrate of human and one of bovine 
bacilli. Called also differential cuti-reaction. di- 
azo-r. See Ehrlich's r. egg-yellow r., a yellow 
foam appearing in Ehrlich's reaction before the ad- 
dition of ammonia; believed to indicate acute pneu- 
monia. Ehrlich's r., a reaction of a deep red 
color resulting from the action of diazobenzenesul- 
phonic acid and ammonia upon certain aromatic 
substances found in the urine in some conditions. 
This reaction has diagnostic value in typhoid 
fever and prognostic value in tuberculosis, elec- 
tric r., a reaction, such as muscular contraction, 
caused by the application of electricity to the body, 
electronic r., a flushing on some part of the 
body produced by stimulation of the depressor 
nerve between the third and fourth dorsal spines: 
used as a splanchnodiagnostic test in cancer, 
syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. (Abrams). epi- 
phanin r., a reaction for the determination 
REACTION 
933 
of antibodies in the blood-serum, especially in the 
serodiagnosis of syphilis. The technic depends on a 
change of reaction to phenolphthalein in a nuetral- 
ized solution. A mixture of the suspected solution 
and of an extract from a syphilitic organ are made 
as follows: o.r c.c. of a io per cent, solution of the 
serum in physiologic salt solution is mixed with o.r 
c.c. of an alcoholic extract of a syphilitic fetal liver. 
To this is slowly added i c.c. of decinormal sul- 
phuric acid and i c.c. of an exactly equivalent solu- 
tion of barium hydroxid. On the addition of a drop 
of phenolphthalein solution the fluid turns red if 
the serum is from a syphilitic, while there is no 
change in tint with the serum of a non-syphilitic 
person (Jour. A. M. Ai). r. of exhaustion, 
reaction to electric stimulation seen in conditions 
of exhaustion. In it the reaction normally pro- 
duced by a certain current can only be reproduced 
by an increase in the current, fatigue r., rise 
of temperature on muscular effort: seen in persons 
with active tuberculosis. Fauser r. See Abder- 
halden-F auser r. Ficker's r., the clumping of 
dead typhoid bacilli by the blood-serum of persons 
affected with typhoid fever, fixation r., fixa- 
tion of the complement, flocculation r. See 
Sachs-Georgi test, under tests. Flora's r. Same 
as Flora's sign. See sign. Florence r. See 
Florence test, under tests, focal r., a temporary 
clinical manifestation of increased irritability 
of the infected area, following the injection of a 
vaccine. Fornet's r., a reaction for syphilis. 
The serum of the patient is treated with the serum 
taken from a paretic. If syphilis is present, a 
flocculent ring will appear at the line of contact 
of the two serums. Freund's r., the serum of 
non-cancerous persons destroys cancer cells, while 
that of cancer patients has no lytic effect. 
Freund- Kaminer r., Freund's reaction, fuch- 
sinophil r., certain substances when stained in 
fuchsin retain the stain on being treated with picric 
acid alcohol, furfurol r., a red color produced 
when furfurol is brought in contact with anilin. 
Gangi's r., 3 or 4 c.c. of hydrochloric acid are 
poured into a test-tube and to this are added 4 or 5 
c.c. of the liquid to be tested. If the liquid is an 
exudate, a white caseous disk forms at the line of 
contact with the acid, and this gradually extends 
into the serous fluid as a thick, shiny, white or 
greenish mass. If the liquid is a transudate only a 
thin disk forms. Gerhardt's r. See Gerhardt's 
test, under tests. Ghilarducci's r., contraction of 
the muscles of a limb when the active electrode is 
placed on a part somewhat removed from them. 
Gmelin's r. See Gmelin's test, under tests. 
Goetsch's skin r. (for hyperthyroidism): Tn this 
test 8 minims of a 1 : 1000 solution of epinephrin 
are diluted with an equal quantity of sterile 
water and injected hypodermically into the arm. 
There is formed at once an area of blanching 
around the point of injection, and about the margin 
of this usually a red areola, gradually shading off 
into the surrounding tissue. In about half an 
hour the center of the white area becomes bluish- 
gray to lavendar, and at the end of about a half 
hour to two hours the red areola takes on the 
bluish or lavender color, while that in the center 
disappears. This lavender areola remains for 
about four hours from the time of injection and is 
the most characteristic part of the test. Accom- 
panying the local reaction there may be an in- 
crease in pulse-rate, with palpitation of the heart 
and an exaggeration of the tremor and nervous 
symptoms in general, group r. See group 
agglutination, under agglutination. Gruber's 
r., Gruber-Widal r. (for typhoid fever): Dilu- 
tions of the patient's serum 1:20, 1: 40, and higher 
if desired are made. To each dilution is added an 
equal volume of a twenty-four-hour bouillon cul- 
ture of Bacterium ty pho sum. In the macroscopic 
method these mixtures are made in test-tubes, are 
incubated in a water-bath at 550 C. for two hours, 
and then read. The flocculation and precipitation 
can be seen with the unaided eye or with a hand 
REACTION lens. In the microscopic method a small drop of 
each mixture is mounted as a hanging drop and 
observed under the microscope. Gubler's r., 
the formation of a brown color on gradually adding 
nitrosonitric acid to urine; seen in hemapheic 
jaundice. Hecht-Weinberg-Gradwohl mod- 
ification of the Wassermann r., the natural 
antisheep amboceptor and the natural hemolytic 
complement found in the patient's fresh serum are 
utilized instead of the antisheep-rabbit amboceptor 
and guinea-pig complement of the regular test, 
hemiopic pupillary r., reaction in certain 
cases of hemianopia in which the stimulus of light 
thrown upon one side of the retina causes the iris to 
contract, while light thrown on the other side 
arouses no response. Called also Wernicke's r. 
Henle's r., the medullary cells of the adrenals 
stain dark brown on treatment with chromium 
salts. Hermann-Perutz r. Same as Perutz r. 
Herxheimer's r., an inflammatory reaction pro- 
duced in syphilitic tissues following the ingestion 
of salvarsan, mercury, or other specific treatment, 
supposed to indicate failure of the drug to cure. 
Hirschberg's r., an infectious disease resembling 
typhoid fever, but not due to organisms of the ty- 
phoid group. Hirschfeld-Klinger r., a com- 
plement-fixation reaction for syphilis based on the 
fact that tissue extracts digested with syphilitic 
serum lose their ability to coagulate blood. Called 
also coagulation r. immunity r., any reaction or 
response on the part of a patient or an animal 
organism to bacterial and other infections; such, 
for instance, is the Widal test, the Noguchi re- 
action, etc. indophenol r. See indophenol 
test, under tests, intracutaneous r., a reaction 
following an injection into the substance of the 
skin; the most common form is the reaction follow- 
ing such an injection of tuberculin. Jarish-Herx- 
heimer r., increase of syphilitic symptoms 
sometimes following a too small dose of sal- 
varsan or mercury. Jolly's r., failure of 
response to faradic stimulation in a muscle, the 
power of voluntary contraction as well as the 
response to galvanic stimulation being retained. 
Kiutsi-Malone r., a modification of the Abder- 
halden test made without the use of dialyzing 
thimbles, and with the employment of a secret 
preparation, "ninserin." Klausner's r., the 
formation of a flocculent precipitate when distilled 
water is added to fresh blood-serum in certain 
stages of syphilis and other infectious diseases. 
Koch's r., tuberculin reaction. Koler r. 
Same as Adamkiewicz's test. Kottmann's r. 
See Kodmann's test, under tests. Krauss's pre- 
cipitin r., an agglutination test for typhoid 
fever by the use of a mixture of extract of typhoid 
bacilli and typhoid serum. Landau's r. See 
Landau's test, under tests. Lieben's r. See 
Lieben's test, under tests. Lignieres' r. See 
Lignieres' test, under tests, lignin r., a color reac- 
tion given by wood cellulose, consisting of a yellow 
color with anilin salts and a red color with a solu- 
tion of phloroglucinol in concentrated hydro- 
chloric acid. Loewi r., dilatation of the pupil 
following the instillation into the eyes of a solu- 
tion of adrenalin; said to occur in diabetics. 
Lowenthal's r., the agglutinative reaction in 
relapsing fever, luetin r. See Noguchi's luetin 
r. Malmejde r. Se.eMalmejde's test, under tests. 
Malone-Kiutsi r. See Kiutsi-Malone r. 
Mandelbaum's r. (for the detection of typhoid 
carriers and the differentiation of recent and old 
cases), a drop of blood is transferred to a suitable 
medium, which is slightly inoculated with typhoid 
bacilli. If it is a recent case of typhoid, the bacilli 
arrange themselves in chains or threads or else in 
clusters, and are all immovable, due to the ag- 
glutinating power of the serum. If the blood is that 
of a person who has had typhoid years before, there 
is a tendency to the formation of the chains, but 
some of the bacilli will remain isolated and movable. 
Called also fadenreaction. Marchi's r., failure of 
the myelin sheath of a nerve to become discolored 
REACTION 
934 
when treated with osmic acid, miostagmin, 
miostagminic r., a blood-serum test to confirm 
the diagnosis of malignant tumors, syphilis, typhoid, 
etc., based on the fact that when the antibodies of a 
disease and its corresponding antigens are brought 
together, there is a lowering of the surface tension 
of the mixture. This surface tension is measured 
by counting the number of droplets which fall in a 
minute from a special pipet called a stalagmometer. 
Taking distilled water as a standard, the greater 
the number of drops a minute, the lower is the 
surface tension. If the diluted blood-serum of a 
cancer or typhoid patient is exposed to the action 
of the corresponding antigen, the surface tension of 
the mixture will be lowered. Moeller's r. 
See rhinoreaction. Molisch's r. See Mo- 
lisch's test, under tests. Morelli's r., to a test- 
tube filled with a saturated aqueous solution of 
corrosive sublimate three or four drops of pleural 
fluid are added. If a yellowish dense clot forms, 
which adheres to the side of the tube or falls to the 
bottom in a mass, the fluid is an exudate. If the 
clot breaks up into flakes, the fluid is a transudate. 
Moritz-Weisz r. See Moritz-Weisz test, under 
tests. Moro's r., an eruption of pale or red 
papules on a cutaneous area after the applica- 
tion of an ointment of 5 c.c. of old tuberculin 
and 5 gm. of anhydrous wool-fat. mouse-tail r., 
stiffening of the tail in rats and mice following the 
administration of a small dose of morphin. Much's 
r., Much-Holzmann r., inhibition of the hemo- 
lytic action of cobra venom on the red blood- 
corpuscles seen in dementia praecox and manic- 
depressive insanity. Called also psychoreaction. 
myasthenic r., decrease in faradic excitability 
of muscle, as in periodic paralysis, myotonic r., 
an increase in faradic excitability, as in congenital 
myotonia, neurotonic r., muscular contraction 
persisting after the stimulus which produced it has 
ceased, neutral r., a reaction that indicates 
the absence of both alkaline and acid properties, 
ninhydrin r., a reaction for the detection of pep- 
tone or amino-acid in a test for pregnancy as fol- 
lows: About 1 gm. of coagulated placental tissue, 
which on boiling with water yields no compounds 
which react with ninhydrin, is placed in a diffusion 
cell and covered with from 2 to 3 c.c. blood-serum 
and the mixture dialyzed in 20 c.c. distilled water. 
The contents of the cell and the outer fluid are 
covered with a layer of toluol. Dialysis is con- 
tinued from twelve to sixteen hours at a tempera- 
ture of 370 C. in the incubator. To 10 c.c. of the 
dialysate 2 c.c. of a 1 per cent, aqueous solution of 
ninhydrin (triketo hydrindene hydrate) are added. 
The mixture is heated and kept at the boiling- 
point for just one minute. If the serum is derived 
from a pregnant woman, a blue coloration of 
the dialysate occurs. This coloration is absent 
if the serum is from a person who is not preg- 
nant (Jour. A. M. A.). Noguchi's r.. 1. A 
modification of the Wassermann reaction. This 
latter Noguchi modifies as follows: "(1) He pre- 
pares the antigen by extracting a lipoid substance 
from the liver and heart of dogs and cows. (2) 
Instead of using sheep's corpuscles in the hemo- 
lytic series, he employs human corpuscles, owing to 
the fact that a certain percentage of human sera 
tested produced hemolysis of the sheep's cor- 
puscles. (3) In his test, therefore, he obtains 
the hemolytic amboceptor by immunizing rab- 
bits with washed normal human corpuscles. 
(4) Another important improvement in the tech- 
nic is the preservation of the specific antigen 
and the hemolytic amboceptor, which rapidly lose 
their strength in solution, in a dried form by soaking 
measured strips of filter-paper (0.5 mm. square) 
with each. His test is carried out as follows: A 
strip of antigen filter-paper is brought in contact 
with a definite quantity of the human serum to be 
tested, and fresh guinea-pig's serum added, the 
whole being suspended in isotonic salt solution. 
This is allowed to stand at incubator temperature, 
and then the hemolytic series added by taking a 
REACTION strip of the hemolytic amboceptor paper and a 
definite quantity of washed normal human blood- 
corpuscles." 2. A reaction seen in general paralysis 
and tabes. To 1 c.c. of the cerebrospinal fluid is 
added 0.5 c.c. of a solution of 10 per cent, butyric 
acid in normal salt solution. This is heated, and 
then there is added 0.1 c.c. of a 4 per cent, sodium 
hydroxid solution. This is again heated. In about 
three hours the tube is examined. In tabes and gen- 
eral paralysis a characteristic flocculent precipitate 
forms, which gradually settles so that after twenty- 
four hours there is a bulky precipitate at the bottom 
of the tube, the supernatant fluid being clear. 
The test indicates an increased amount of globulin 
in the cerebrospinal fluid. Noguchi's luetin 
r. (1909), a cutaneous reaction for syphilis. A drop 
of lutein is injected into the skin of the arm. No 
reaction occurs in a non-syphilitic person, but in 
one affected with syphilis there forms, in from six 
to twenty-four hours, a distinct papule surrounded 
by a bluish-red halo. See luetin. Nonne-Apelt 
r., 2 c.c. of cerebrospinal fluid are mixed with an 
equal quantity of a neutral saturated solution of 
ammonium sulphate and compared after three 
minutes with another tube containing spinal fluid 
only; if there is no difference or only a faint opal- 
escence the reaction is said to be negative. If there 
is an opalescence or turbidity the reaction is said 
to be positive phase 1, which indicates an excess 
of globulin in the fluid and points to nervous dis- 
order. A normal fluid treated with heat and ace- 
tic acid only becomes turbid and is called positive 
phase 2. ophthalmic r., local reaction of the 
conjunctiva following instillation into the eye of 
toxins of typhoid fever and tuberculosis. The reac- 
tion is much more severe in persons affected with 
these diseases than in the healthy or those affected 
with some other disease. Called also Calmette's oph- 
thalmoreaction. oxydase r., the formation of 
dark-blue granulations in myeloid cells when 
treated with alpha-naphthol and dimethyl-para- 
phenylendiamin. Pagano's r., a tuberculin re- 
action following application of the tuberculin to the 
urinary meatus, pain r., dilatation of the pupil on 
a feeling of pain, pallidin r., a cutaneous reac- 
tion for syphilis made by applying pallidin, which 
is an extract of lung affected with infantile syphilitic 
pneumonia, to the skin. A positive reaction con- 
sists of the development of a slightly raised inflam- 
matory papule surrounded by a zone of erythema, 
pancreatic r. (for ascertaining the presence 
of pancreatitis or malignant disease of the 
pancreas), two specimens of urine, one of 
which is treated with mercuric chlorid, are 
boiled with hydrochloric acid for ten minutes, and 
after the excess of acid has been neutralized with 
lead carbonate, are examined by the phenylhy- 
drazin test. The difference in the amount of deposit 
yielded by the two specimens indicates the pres- 
ence of pancreatic disease. Called also Cammidge's 
r. paraserum r., paragglutination; agglutina- 
tion of strains of typhoid and dysentery bacilli with 
those of paratyphoid, Bacillus coli, mutable chol- 
era, and other infections, percutaneous r. 
Same as Moro's r. r.-period, r.-time, the time 
that elapses between stimulation and the conse- 
quent reaction. P erutz r., a reaction for the sero- 
diagnosis of syphilis: the patient's blood-serum is 
inactivated and 0.4 c.c. of it is drawn off with a 
pipet. To this is added 0.2 c.c. of each of the two 
following solutions: (1) sodium glycocholate, 2.0; 
cholesterin, 0.4; 95 per cent, alcohol, 50; or, this 
solution being diluted with water, 1 : 20 parts, (2) 
a 2 per cent, aqueous solution of sodium glycocho- 
late. The whole is shaken vigorously. If syphilis 
is present, fine flakes appear in the fluid. Pfaund- 
ler's r. Same as Mandelbaum's r. Pfeiffer's 
r., a mixture of a culture of cholera spirillum with 
diluted agglutinating cholera serum is injected 
into the peritoneal cavity of an animal; if, after 
twenty-five minutes, some of the mixture is with- 
drawn, the spirilla will be found to have been 
killed, phrenic r., lesion of'the diaphragm as a 
REACTION 
935 
result of streptococcal and gonorrheal infection. 
Pietrowski's r. Same as biuret r. Pirquet's 
r., a local inflammatory reaction of the skin fol- 
lowing inoculation with tuberculosis toxins. It is 
more marked in tuberculous subjects than in nor- 
mal ones. Called also scarification test. Porges- 
Hermann-Perutz r. Same as Perutz r. Por- 
ges-Meier r. See Porges-Meier test, under tests. 
psychogalvanic r., variations in the electric 
current passed through the body when the sub- 
ject undergoes emotional disturbance of any kind, 
puncture r., swelling and redness at the point 
where tuberculin is injected subcutaneously: di- 
agnostic of tuberculosis. quanti-Pirquet r., 
the Pirquet reaction applied with a view 
of the amount or activity of the tuberculous 
infection, recurrent r. See revivescence. re- 
versible r.,'a chemical reaction which occurs in 
either direction; a reaction in which the products 
react to reform the factors of the reaction. Ri- 
valta's r., a reaction for distinguishing fluids 
of transudation and exudation. The technic 
is as follows: 50 c.c. of distilled water are put 
in a test-tube and one drop of a 50 per cent, 
solution of acetic acid is added. To this one drop of 
the fluid removed by puncture or otherwise is 
added. The latter slowly drops to the bottom, and 
when coming in contact with the acidulated water, 
assumes the form of a bluish-white ring which 
broadens out and becomes honey-combed. This 
ring may become striated by numerous bluish- 
white lines. These opalescent and lactescent 
stripes occur only when the fluid has an inflamma- 
tory origin; in other words, when it is an exudate. 
The precipitate dissolves in an excess of acetic 
acid, which differentiates it from mucin. Roger's 
r., the existence of albumin in the sputum, in- 
dicating tuberculosis. Rosenbach's r., the 
formation of a deep-red color when concen- 
trated nitric acid containing a small amount 
of nitrous acid is gradually added to boiling urine. 
It points to an increase in the putrefactive proc- 
esses of the intestine. Rumpf's traumatic r. 
See Rumpf's sign (1st def.), under sign. Russo 
T., a reaction of the urine of typhoid patients 
on adding 4 drops of a solution of methylene-blue 
to 15 c.c. of urine. In the first stage of typhoid the 
urine becomes light green; at the height of the dis- 
ease, an emerald color; and during the decline, a 
bluish color. Sachs-Georgi r. See under tests. 
r. of Salomon and Saxl. See sulphur r. 
Schick r. See Schick test, under tests. Schbn- 
bein's r., iodin is set free when potassium iodid 
and sulphate of iron are added to a solution of 
hydrogen peroxid. Seifert's r. Same as epi- 
phanin r. sero-enzyme r., Abderhalden's 
reaction. serum r., seroreaction. Sgam- 
bati's r., a reaction of the urine seen in 
peritonitis. The test-tube is filled to one-third 
with urine, and then, as it is held very slanting, 2 
or 3 c.c. of nitric acid is poured down the wall, a 
drop at a time, so that, without mixing with the 
urine, it settles to the bottom of the tube. In 
about a minute, the zone of contact between the 
acid and the urine shows-above the orange yellow 
halo visible in normal urine-another, a grayish 
blue halo that spreads upward. The light must 
fall on the tube against a light background. After 
chloroform has been added and the tube has been 
agitated, it is set aside for the chloroform to settle. 
The grayish-blue tint gradually changes to a ruby 
red, which is permanent. Sigma r., a flocculation 
reaction for the diagnosis of syphilis, skin r. See 
cutaneous r. small-drop r. See miostagmin r. 
Smith's r., anaphylaxis. Strauss's r., when 
material containing virulent glanders bacilli 
is inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of male 
guinea-pigs, scrotal lesions develop, sulphur r., 
a reaction in the urine of cancer patients: 150 c.c. of 
albumin-free urine are diluted with 100 c.c. of 
water and mixed with 150 c.c. of Salkowsky's mix- 
ture of barium salts. The mixture is filtered, and 
to 300 c.c. of the filtrate are added 30 c.c. of hydro- 
REACTION REACTIVATE 
936 
REATTACHMENT 
chloric acid, specific gravity 1.12, and the mixture 
boiled on an asbestos mat for fifteen minutes and 
then left on the water-bath until the precipitate 
settles clear, being kept always covered with a small 
funnel. It is then very carefully filtered and 200 c.c. 
of the filtrate are heated on the asbestos mat for fif- 
teen minutes with 3 c.c. of perhydrol and poured 
into a conic glass. After from four to seven hours a 
positive reaction will be indicated by the pre- 
cipitate of barium sulphate contaminated with 
coloring-matter which settles to the bottom. 
Called also reaction of Salomon and Saxl. thread- 
r. See Mandelbaum's r. traumatic r., a mus- 
cular reaction seen in traumatic neuroses, in which 
after the cessation of a vigorous faradic stimulation, 
the muscle will exhibit a characteristic fluctuating 
movement (myokymia), tryptophan r., the ap- 
pearance of a violet color on the addition of bromin 
water to filtered gastric contents: said to indicate the 
presence of gastric cancer, tuberculin r., fe- 
brile symptoms appearing in a tuberculous person 
in response to injections of tuberculin. See 
tuberculin test, under tests, tubing r., a reaction 
following the injection of arsphenamin through 
new rubber tubing, urochromogen r. Same 
as Moritz-Weisz test. See under tests. Voges- 
Proskauer r., to differentiate fecal from non- 
fecal coli-like organisms, von Pirquet's r. 
See Pirquet's r. Wassermann r., a test for 
syphilis based on the fixation of complement, q. v., 
under fixation. The antibody is the unknown 
sought in the patient's serum; many things may be 
used as antigen; and there are numerous modifica- 
tions of the original test. See fixation of comple- 
ment. Wassermann r., provocative, a Was- 
sermann reaction preceded by the administration of 
salvarsan. This procedure may result in a positive 
reaction in a patient who had previously given nega- 
tive results. Weil-Felix r., agglutination in the 
blood-serum of typhus patients of a bacillus (Weil- 
Felix bacillus) of the proteus group from the urine 
and feces. Weisz's r. See Moritz-Weisz test, 
under tests. Wernicke's r. See hemiopic pupil- 
lary r. Widal's r., the clumping of bacilli, as in 
Widal's test. See Widal's test, under tests. Wild- 
bolz r., a few drops of the patient's own urine are 
injected intradermically, when a local reaction fol- 
lows if the patient is tuberculous. Wolff-Cal- 
mette r. See ophthalmic r. Wolff-Eisner r., 
ophthalmic reaction, xanthroproteic r. See 
Mulder's test, under tests. 
reactivate (re-ak'tiv-at). To make active again; 
especially the restoring of the activity to immune 
serum that has had its activity destroyed. 
reactivation (re-ak-tiv-a'shun). The restoration 
of the activity to an inactivated serum by the ad- 
dition of complement. 
reactivity (re-ak-tiv'it-e). The process or property 
of reacting. 
Reading bacillus (red'ing). See under bacillus. 
reagent (re-a'jent) [L. re again + ag'ere to act]. 
Any substance employed to produce a chemic 
reaction. Almen's r., to 5 grains of tannic acid 
in 240 c.c. of 50 per cent, alcohol, add 10 c.c. of 
25 per cent, acetic acid. Barfoed's r.. See Bar- 
foed's test, under tests. Bertrand's r. A. Copper 
solution: Copper sulphate, 40 gm., to 1 liter of 
water. B. Alkaline solution: Rochelle salt, 200 
gm., sodium hydroxid, 150 gm., to 1 liter of water. 
C. Iron solution: Ferric sulphate, 50 gm., sulphuric 
acid, 200 gm., to 1 liter of water. D. Perman- 
ganate solution: Potassium permanganate, 5 gm., 
to 1 liter of water. By heating the alkaline copper 
solution (made from Solutions A and B) with 
glucose, cuprous oxid is formed. This is treated 
with the ferric sulphate solution, and the ferrous 
sulphate so formed is titrated with the solution of 
potassium permanganate. Bial's r., orcinol 
1.5 gm., fuming hydrochloric acid 500 gm., ferric 
chlorid (10 per cent.) 20-30 drops. Blum's r. 
See Blum's lest, under tests. Boas r. See Boas' 
test, under tests. Cross and Bevan's r., two 
parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid and i part 
of zinc chlorid by weight: used for dissolving cellu- 
lose. Edlefsen's r., an alkaline permanganate 
solution for testing for sugar in the urine. Erd- 
man's I., a reagent for testing for alkaloids, con- 
sisting of nitric and sulphuric acids. Esbach's 
r., a mixture of a i per cent, aqueous solution of 
picric acid and a 2 per cent, solution of citric acid: 
used in quantitative estimation of albumin in 
urine. Folin's r., boil 100 gm. of sodium tung- 
state and 80 c.c. of 85 per cent, orthophosphoric 
acid in 750 c.c. of water for two hours. Cool and 
dilute 1 liter. Frbhde's r. See Frbhde's test, 
under tests. Frohn's r. See Frohn's test, under 
tests, general r., a reagent that indicates the 
general class of bodies to which a substance belongs. 
Gies' biuret r., add 25 c.c. of a 3 per cent, solu- 
tion of copper sulphate to each liter of 10 per cent, 
potassium hydroxid. Hager's r., a reagent for 
detecting sugar in the urine, consisting of iron 
ferrocyanid and caustic potash. Haine's r., 
copper sulphate, 2; caustic potash, 7.5; glycerin^ 
15; distilled water, 150. Ilosvay's r., a reagent 
used as a test for nitrites. It is prepared by treating 
a mixture of 0.5 gm. of sulphanilic acid and 150 
c.c. of dilute acetic acid with 0.1 gm. of naph- 
thylamin, and then with 20 c.c. of boiling water. 
The sediment produced by this reaction is dis- 
solved in 150 c.c. of dilute acetic acid. The sus- 
pected substance is heated with this reagent to 8o° 
C., when a red color is formed if nitrites be present. 
Lloyd's r., a specially fine preparation of fullers' 
earth obtained by elutriation: used to absorb 
alkaloids from solutions. Mayer's r. See 
Mayer's test, under tests. Meyer's r., phenol- 
phthalein, 0.032; decinormal sodium hydroxid, 21, 
with enough water to make 100 parts: used in 
testing for blood, which even in minute quantities 
gives the solution a purple color. Millon's r. 
(1849). See Millon's test, under tests. Nessler's 
r., an aqueous solution of 5 per cent, of potassium 
iodid, 2.5 per cent, of mercuric chlorid, and 16 per 
cent, of potassium hydroxid: used as a test for 
ammonia. Nylander's r. See Nylander's test, 
under tests. Obermayer's r., a solution of 2 
gm. of ferric chlorid in 1 liter of hydrochloric 
acid. Penzoldt's r. See Penzoldt's test, under 
tests, percutaneous r. See Moro's r. Porges- 
Meier r. See under tests. Scheibler's r., 
a reagent made by boiling sodium tungstate 
with half as much phosphoric acid and water, 
precipitating with barium chlorid, dissolving in hot 
dilute hydrochloric acid, treating with sulphuric 
acid, and evaporating. Schweitzer's r., a solu- 
tion of hydrated cupric oxid in ammonia: used as a 
solvent for cellulose. Soldaini'sr. See Soldaini's 
test, under tests, special r., one which determines 
the presence of some particular substance. Spieg- 
ler's r. See Spieser's test, under tests, splenic 
r., any drug or stimulus which causes the spleen 
to contract. Stokes' r., a reducing agent con- 
sisting of an ammoniacal solution of ferrous tartrate. 
Tanret's r., for albumin in urine, etc.: mercuric 
chlorid, 1.35 gm.; potassium iodid, 3.32 gm.; acetic 
, acid, 20 c.c.; distilled water, to make 80 c.c.: it 
gives a white precipitate with albumin, tricho- 
phytin r. See trichophytin test, under tests. 
Uffelmann's r. See Ufelmann's test, under 
tests. Weichardt's r. Same as epiphanin r. 
Weisz's r. See Moritz-Weisz test, under tests. 
reagin (re'aj-in). A complement-fixing antibody. 
See Antibody. 
real focus, image, etc. See focus, image, etc. 
realgar (re-al-gar') [Arabic rahj al-ghar powder of 
the mine]. Arsenic disulphid, AS2S2: a pigment. 
reamer (re'mer). A dental instrument for enlarg- 
ing holes. 
reamputation (re"am-pu-ta'shun). The repeated 
performance of an amputation. 
reapers' keratitis (re'perz). See keratitis. 
reattachment (re-at-atsh'ment). 1. The replacing 
of a dental crown or bridge. 2. The reattachment REAUMUR'S THERMOMETER 
to the alveolus of a tooth that has been loosened or 
replanted. 
Reaumur's thermometer (re-o-merz') [Rene 
Antoine Ferschault Reaumur, French natural 
philosopher, 1683-1757]. See thermometer. 
rebasing (re-ba'sing). The repairing or altering of 
the base of an artificial denture. 
rebreathing (re-bre'tbing). The breathing of 
fresh oxygen by the patient during the administra- 
tion of an anesthetic for the purpose of securing 
rapid elimination of the anesthetic from the system. 
recalcification (re-kal"sif-ik-a'shun). The resto- 
ration of lime-salts to the bodily tissues. 
Recamier's operation (ra-kam-e-az') [Joseph 
Claude Anselme Recamier, French gynecologist, 
1774-1852]. Uterine curettage. 
receiver (re-se'ver). 1. A vessel for collecting a 
gas or a distillate. 2. A woman's menstrual 
napkin, or pad. 
receptaculum chyli (re-sep-tak'u-lum ki'li) [L. 
" receptacle of the chyle "]. An expansion at 
the lower end of the thoracic duct at the point 
where it passes in front of the body of the second 
lumbar vertebra; Pecquet's cistern. 
receptor (re-sep'tor). 1. A supposed group of 
atoms of the cell molecule which has the power 
of combining with and anchoring the haptophore 
groups of toxins, of amboceptors, or of cells. 
Receptors may remain attached to the cell or 
may be cast off into the serum. In either case 
they retain their combining powers. See Ehr- 
lich's side-chain theory, under theory. 2. Sherring- 
ton's name for the peripheral apparatus which 
receives a stimulation. See exteroceptive, intero- 
ceptive, and proprioceptive, contact r., a sense 
organ adapted to respond to impressions from ob- 
jects in contact with the body, distance r., a sense 
organ which responds to impressions from objects 
remote from the body. r. of the first order, 
a receptor which possesses a haptophore group only, 
and therefore serves only as a connecting link be- 
tween the toxin and the tissues. This order of 
receptors includes only the antitoxins, r. of the 
second order, a receptor which possesses both a 
haptophore group for anchoring or holding the 
foreign toxin, and a zymophore group for its diges- 
tion. This group includes the agglutinins, the 
precipitins, and the opsonins, sessile r., a re- 
ceptor which cannot be given off to form an anti- 
body. r. of the third order, a receptor which 
possesses two combining groups only, a haptophore 
group for combining with the foreign toxin, and 
a complementophile group which combines with 
the complement that carries the zymotoxic ele- 
ment. This group includes the lysins. 
recess (re-ses') [L. reces'sus}. A small empty 
space or cavity. Arlt's r., a small sinus occa- 
sionally present in the lower part of the lacrimal 
sac. cochlear r., a depression on the inner wall 
of the vestibule of the labyrinth between the two 
limbs of the crista vestibuli. duodenojejunal 
r., a recess between the duodenojejunal and 
duodenomusocolic folds at the left side of the 
spinal column. elliptic r. Same as fossa 
hemielliptica. epitympanic r., the upper part 
of the tympanic cavity which lodges the head of 
the malleus and the body of the incus. Called also 
tympanic attic and aditus ad antrum. Hyrtl's r. 
aditus ad antrum, infundibular r., the cavity 
of the infundibulum, lateral r., the widest part 
of the fourth ventricle under the cerebellum, 
optic r., a recess in the floor of the third ventricle 
in front of the infundibulum, paracolic r., any 
one of the pockets that frequently exist at the left 
edge of the descending mesocolon, pharyngeal 
r., Rosenmuller's fossa, pineal r., the cavity 
in the third ventricle separating the habenula 
into two parts, piriform r., the sinus piri- 
formis. Rosenmuller's r., Rosenmuller's 
fossa. See fossa, spheno-ethmoid r., the 
recess below the roof of the nasal fossa and be- 
937 
tween the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone 
and the body of the sphenoid, spheric r. 
Same as fossa hemispharica. suprapineal r., 
a recess in the posterior part of the third ventricle 
above the pineal recess, supratonsillar r., the 
space above and in front of the tonsils and between 
the pillars of the fauces, triangular r., the 
recess of the third ventricle, utricular r., the 
utricle. 
recession (re-sesh'un). The act of drawing away. 
In dentistry the retraction of the gum margin and 
underlying tissue away from the neck of a tooth, 
resulting in exposure of the cementum. 
recessive characteristics (re-ses'iv). See Men- 
del's law, under law. 
recessus (re-ses'us). Latin for cavity or recess. 
r. ante'rior [B N A], a passage from the fenestra 
rotunda leading to the scala tympani. r. cotug'- 
ni, r. cotun'nii, a sac of the dura into which the 
ductus endolympliaticus leads, r. epitympan'- 
icus [B N A], the epitympanic recess, r. fastig'- 
ii, a recess in the roof of the fourth ventricle. T. 
parieta'lis, a cavity of the ccelom which develops 
into pleural and part of the peritoneal cavities, r. 
pharyn'geus [B N A], a fossa in the nasopharynx 
on each side of the eustachian tubes; Rosenmuller's 
fossa, r. poste'rior, a deep portion of the inter- 
peduncular fossa toward the pons. r. preop'- 
ticus, a recess in front of the optic chiasm, r. 
supe'rior sac'ci omen'ti, a fetal diverticulum 
between the vena cava and the intestinal canal, 
r. vestib'uli, a fold in the wall of the auditory 
vesicle which develops into the vestibule of the ear. 
recidivation (re-sid-iv-a'shun). The relapse of 
a disease. 
recipe (res'ip-e) [LJ. i. The Latin for take: 
used at the head of a physician's prescription, 
and usually indicated by the symbol I). 2. A 
prescription or formula. 
recipient (re-sip'e-ent). The person who receives 
the blood in transfusion, universal r., a person 
who can receive blood of any "type" without pre- 
cipitation or agglutination of the cells. 
recipiomotor (re-sip"e-o-mo'tor) [L. recip'ere to 
receive + mo'tor mover]. Pertaining to the re- 
ception of motor impressions. 
reciprocal proportions, law of (re-sip'ro-kal). 
See Walton's law, under law. 
Recklinghausen's canals, disease (rek'ling- 
how-zenz) [Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen, 
German pathologist, 1833-1910]. See canal, disease. 
reclination (rek-lin-a'shun) [L. reclina'tio], One 
of the operations for cataract: a turning of the 
lens over on its back. 
Reclus' disease (ra-klez') [Paul Reclus, French 
surgeon, 1847-1914]. See disease. 
recoil-atom (re-koil'-at-om). See under atom. 
recrement (rek're-ment) [L. recr emen'turn]. The 
saliva or other material which, after secretion, is 
reabsorbed into the blood. 
recrementitious (rek"re-men-tish'us). Of the 
nature of a recrement. 
recrudescence (re-kru-des'ens) [L. recrudes'cere 
to become sore again]. The recurrence of symp- 
toms after a temporary abatement. 
recrudescent (re-kru-des'ent) [L. recrudes'cens]. 
Breaking out afresh. 
Rect. Abbreviation for L. rectifica'tus, rectified, 
rectal (rek'tal). Pertaining to the rectum, 
rectalgia (rek-tal'je-ah) [rectum + Gr. &\yos pain]. 
Same as proctalgia. 
rectectomy (rek-tek'to-me) [rectum + Gr. kKropri 
excision]. Excision of the rectum. 
rectification (rek"tif-ik-a'shun) [L. redifica'tio}. 
1. The act of making straight, pure, or correct. 
2. Redistillation of a liquid to purify it. 
rectified (rek'tif-id). Refined; made straight. 
RECTIFIED rectischiac (rek-tis'ke-ak). Pertaining to the rec- 
tum and the ischium. 
rectitis (rek-ti'tis). Inflammation of the rectum; 
proctitis, epidemic gangrenous r., a fatal 
disease endemic among the natives of the damp 
regions of the northern part of South America. 
Called also bicho and caribi. 
recto-abdominal (rek"to-ab-dom'in-al). Per- 
taining to the rectum and abdomen, r-a. ex- 
amination, bimanual examination with one 
hand in the rectum and the other on the abdomen. 
rectocele (rek'to-sel). Same as proctocele. 
rectococcygeal (rek"to-kok-sij'e-al). Pertaining 
to the rectum and the coccyx. 
rectococcypexy (rek-to-kok'se-peks-e). Same as 
proctococcypexy. 
rectocolitis (rek"to-ko-li'tis). Same as colo- 
rectitis. 
rectocystotomy (rek"to-sis-tot'o-me). Same as 
proctocystotomy. 
rectone (rek'ton). A proprietary nutrient supposi- 
tory. 
rectopexy (rek'to-peks-e). Same as proctopexy. 
rectophobia (rek-to-fo'be-ah) [rectum + Gr. 
<f>6/3os fear]. A morbid foreboding peculiar to 
patients with rectal disease. 
rectoplasty (rek'to-plas-te). Proctoplasty. 
rectoromanoscope (rek"to-ro-man'o-skdp). A 
speculum for examining the sigmoid flexure through 
the rectum. 
rectoromanoscopy (rek"to-ro-man-os'ko-pe) [rec- 
tum + s-romanum sigmoid + Gr. auoireiv to see]. 
Infection of the rectum and sigmoid; proctosig- 
moidoscopy. 
rectorrhaphy (rek-tor'af-e) [rectum + Gr. pa.^ su- 
ture]. Same as proctorrhaphy. 
rectosanol (rek-to-sa'nol). A proprietary supposi- 
tory of eucain, stovain, and adrenalin for hemor- 
rhoids. 
rectoscope (rek'to-skop). Same as proctoscope. 
rectoscopy (rek-tos ko-pe). Same as proctoscopy. 
rectosigmoid (rek-to-sig'moid). The portion of 
the intestinal tract made up of the terminal 2 
inches of the sigmoid and the proximal 1.5 of the 
rectum. 
rectostenosis (rek"to-sten-o'sis) [L. rec'tum + 
stenosis]. Stenosis, or stricture, of the rectum. 
rectostomy (rek-tos'to-me) [rectum + Gr. aropa 
mouth]. The operation of forming a permanent 
opening into the rectum for the relief of stricture 
of the rectum. 
rectotome (rek'to-tom). Same as proctotome. 
rectotomy (rek-tot'o-me). Same as proctotomy. 
recto-urethral (rek"to-u-re'thral). Pertaining to 
the rectum and urethra. 
recto-uterine (rek-to-u'ter-in). Pertaining to the 
rectum and uterus. 
rectovaginal (rek-to-vaj'in-al). Pertaining to the 
rectum and vagina. See fistula. 
rectovesical (rek-to-ves'ik-al). Pertaining to the 
rectum and bladder. 
rectum (rek'tum) [L. " straight "]. The lower, or 
distal, part of the large intestine, extending from 
the sigmoid flexure of the colon (opposite the left 
sacro-iliac symphysis) to the anus, being from 
six to eight inches long. Its mucous membrane 
is gathered into transverse folds which serve to 
support the feces, encysted r., sacciform dis- 
ease of the anus; a rectum whose mucous mem- 
brane forms pouches. 
rectus (rek'tus) [L. " straight "]. See muscles, 
table of. lateral r., a rare muscle consisting 
of a few fibers running from the lower ribs to the 
ilium, and supracostally over the thorax. 
recumbent (re-kum'bent). Lying down. 
RECTISCHIAC 
938 
recuperation (re"ku-per-a'shun) [L. recupera'tio]. 
The recovery of health and strength. 
recurrence (re-kur'ens) [L. re- again + cur'rere 
to run]. The return of symptoms after a remission, 
recurrent (re-kur'ent) [L. recur'rens returning]. 
r. Running back, or toward the source. 2. Re- 
turning after intermissions. 
recurvation (re-kur-va'shun) [L. recurva'tio]. A 
backward bending or curvature. 
red, cholera. See cholera reaction, under reaction. 
neutral r., a dye, dimet hy 1-diamino-toluphen- 
azine-hydrochlorid, (CH3)2N.C6H3.N2.C6H2(CH3).- 
NH2HCI. As an indicator it has a Ph range 
of 6.8 to 8.0, being red at 6.8 and yellow at 8. 
orange r., the red oxid of lead. Pb3O4: used 
as a pigment, scarlet r. 1. A synthetic dye, the 
sodium salt of diazo-xylene-beta-naphthol disul- 
phonic acid, (CH3)2. CsH3 . N2. CioH^OHXSQs- 
OH)2: used as a differential stain for fat. 2. A 
synthetic dye, said to be amido-azotoluene- 
azo-/3-naphthol. It has been employed locally 
to produce epithelial growth in ulcer and other 
conditions causing skin deficiencies. Called also 
Biebrich red and fat Ponceau red. trypan r. See 
trypanroth. vital r., a dye, disodium disulpho- 
naphthol azotetramethyl triphenyl methane. It is 
introduced directly into the circulation by veni- 
puncture for the purpose of estimating the volume 
of the blood in the body by determining the con- 
centration of the dye in the blood-plasma. 
red fever. See swine erysipelas, under erysipelas. 
redecussate (re-dek-us'at). To form a secondary 
decussation. 
redia (re'de-ah) [named after F. Redi, Italian natu- 
ralist, 1626-1698]. The second larval stage of 
certain trematode worms. 
Re dig. in pulv. Abbreviation for L. rediga'tur in 
pul'verem, let it be reduced to powder. 
Red. in pulv. Abbreviation for L. redac'tus in 
pul'verem, reduced to powder. 
redintegration (red-in-te-gra'shun) [L. redinte- 
gra'tio]. 1. The restoration or repair of a lost or 
damaged part. 2. That type of psychic process in 
which a part of a complex stimulus provokes the 
complete reaction that was previously made to the 
complex stimulus as a whole (Hollingworth). 
redintol (red'in-tol). A proprietary paraffin prep- 
aration: used as a dressing for burns. 
redislocation (re-dis-lo-ka'shun). Dislocation 
recurring after reduction. 
redressment (re-dres'ment) [Fr. redressement]. 1. 
A second or repeated dressing. 2. Replacement 
of a part or correction of a deformity, r. force, 
forcible correction of a deformity; especially a pro- 
cedure for the immediate correction of knock-knee. 
reduce (re-dus') [L. re- again + du'cere to lead]. 1. 
To restore to the normal place or relation of parts, 
as, to reduce a fracture. 2. In chemistry, submit to 
reduction. 
reduced (re-dust'). 1. Returned to the proper 
place or position, as, a reduced fracture. 2. 
Restored to a metallic form, as, reduced iron. 
reducible (re-du'sib-1). Permitting of reduction, 
reducin (re-du'sin). A leukomain, C12H24N8O9, 
from urochrome. 
reductase (re-duk'tas). An enzyme that has a 
reducing action on chemic compounds. 
reduction (re-duk'shun) [L. reduc'tio], 1. The cor- 
rection of a fracture, luxation, or hernia. 2. In 
chemistry, the subtraction of oxygen from or the 
addition of hydrogen to a substance, r. en 
masse, reduction of a strangulated hernia in- 
cluded in its sac, so that the strangulation is not 
relieved, r. of chromosomes, joining of the 
chromosomes in pairs so that their number is 
reduced to one-half-a process that occurs in the 
fertilized cell. 
reduction-division. See reduction of chromo- 
somes. 
REDUCTION-DIVISION reduction-phase. See under phase. 
redundant (re-dun'dant). More than necessary, 
reduplication (re-du-plik-a'shun) [L. reduplica'- 
tio]. 1. A doubling back. 2. The recurrence 
of paroxysms of a double type. 
Reed's bacillus, operation [Charles A. L. Reed, 
gynecologist in Cincinnati, born 1856]. See bacillus 
and operation. 
Rees' test (rez') [George Owen Rees, English physi- 
cian, 1813-1889]. See under tests. 
refine (re-fin'). To purify or free from foreign 
matter. 
reflected (re-flek'ted). Caused by nervous trans- 
mission to a center, and thence by a motor nerve 
to the periphery. 
reflection (re-flek'shun) [L. reflex? io\. 1. A turn- 
ing or bending back; a bending back upon its 
course. 2. In physics, the turning back of a ray 
of light, sound, or heat when it strikes against a 
surface that it does not penetrate. The ray be- 
fore reflection is known as the incident ray; after 
reflection it is the reflected ray. 
reflector (re-flek'tor). A device for reflecting light 
or sound. 
reflectoscope (re-flek'to-skop). A form of reflect- 
ing lantern. 
reflex (re'fleks) [L. reflex'us]. 1. Reflected. 2. A 
reflected action or movement, abdominal r's, 
contractions about the navel on sharp downward 
friction of the abdominal wall. It indicates that 
the spinal cord from the eighth to the twelfth 
dorsal nerve is intact, abdominocardiac r., the 
acceleration of the pulse on changing from the 
reclining to the upright position; Liverato's sign. 
Abram's r., reflex contraction of the lung 
following stimulation of the chest wall. Abram's 
heart-r., contraction of the myocardium, with 
reduction in the area of cardiac dulness, which 
results when the skin of the precordial region is 
irritated. It is observed with the fluoroscope, 
accommodation r., the dilatation or contrac- 
tion of the pupil in accommodation. Achilles' 
r. See tendo achillis r. acromial r., slight 
reflexion of the forearm with slight internal ro- 
tation of the hand on tapping the acromion or 
coracoid process: seen in certain conditions, 
adductor r., on tapping the tendon of the 
adductor magnus with the thigh in adduction, 
contraction of the adductors results, anal 
r., contraction of the anal sphincter on irrita- 
tion of the skin of the anus, ankle-r., ankle- 
clonus: pressure on the sole with flexion of the 
foot causes clonic contraction of the tendo Achillis. 
anticus r. See Piotrowski's sign, under sign. 
r.-arc, an afferent nerve, a nerve-center, an 
efferent nerve, and a muscle. Aschner's r. 
Same as ocidocardiac r. attention r. of pupil, 
alteration of size in the pupil when the at- 
tention is suddenly fixed. Called also Piltz's 
r. auditory r., any reflex caused by stimulation 
of the auditory nerve; especially momentary closure 
of both eyes produced by a sudden sound, au- 
dito-oculogyric r., a turning of both eyes in the 
direction of a sudden sound, aural r., any reflex 
connected with the auditory apparatus. Aural re- 
flexes of compensation are-(1) Those of the lab- 
yrinthine escapement; (2) those of vasomotor com- 
pensation; (3) those of tympanic compensation, and 
(4) those of tubotympanic compensation. Babin- 
ski's r. (1898), extension of the toes instead of 
flexion on stimulating the sole of the foot: it occurs 
in lesions of the pyramidal tract, and indicates or- 
ganic, as distinguished from hysteric, hemiplegia. 
Bechterew's r. 1. Plantar. Plantar flexion of 
the foot or tapping the dorsum: seen in certain or- 
ganic nervous affections. 2. Deep. Passive flexing 
of the toes and foot in a plantar direction is followed 
by flexion in a dorsal direction and by flexive move- 
ments of the knee and hip. 3. Hypogastric. Con- 
traction of the muscles of the lower abdomen on 
stroking the skin of the inner surface of the thigh. 
REDUCTION-PHASE 
939 
4. Pupil. Dilatation of the pupil on exposure to 
light: sometimes seen in tabes and general paralysis. 
5. Tickling of the mucosa of the nasal cavity with 
a feather or piece of paper produces contraction of 
the facial muscles upon the same side of the face; 
called also nasal r. Bechterew-Mendel r., tap- 
ping of the toe tendons produces extension of the 
great toe. biceps r., contraction of the biceps 
muscle of the arm when its tendon is tapped. This 
reflex is normal, but when greatly increased it 
indicates the same disease as increased knee-jerk, 
bone r., a reflex elicited by stimulus applied to a 
bone, bregmocardiac r., pressure upon the 
bregmatic fontanel slows the action of the heart. 
Brissaud's r., contraction of the tensor fas- 
cia? femoris muscle on tickling the sole. Brud- 
zinski's r. See Brudzinski's sign, under 
sign, bulbocavernous r., a tap on the dorsum 
of the penis retracts the bulbocavernous portion. 
Buzzard's r., the patellar reflex obtained by 
striking the tendon of the quadriceps muscle while 
the patient sits with the toes pressed against the 
floor, cardiac r., reduction in the size of the 
area of cardiac dulness caused by irritation of the 
skin of the precordial region, r.-center. See 
center. Chaddock r., stimulation below the ex- 
ternal malleolus produces extension of the great 
toe: it occurs in lesions of the pyramidal tract, 
chemical r., the bodily process produced 
by the action of a hormone, chin-r., a stroke 
on the lower jaw causes a clonic movement; chin- 
clonus, or jaw-jerk, choked r., in skiascopy, 
absence of movement of the retinal illumination 
on reaching the point of reversal, ciliary r., the 
movement of the pupil in accommodation, cilio- 
spinal r., stimulation of the skin of the neck di- 
lates the pupil, cochleo-orbicular r., coch- 
leopalpebral r., contraction of the orbicularis 
palpebrarum muscle when a sharp, sudden noise is 
made close to the ear; does not occur in total deaf- 
ness from labyrinthine disease, conditional r., 
a reflex which is gradually induced and developed 
in the body by training and association, and which 
is subject to various forms of inhibition (Pavloff, 
1911). conjunctival r., closure of the eyelid 
when the conjunctiva is touched, consensual 
r. Same as crossed r. consensual light r., 
stimulation of one eye by light produces a reflex 
response in the opposite pupil, contralateral r., 
a reflex of the leg on one side when passive flexion 
of the leg on the other side is made: seen in tuber- 
culosis and epidemic meningitis, corneal r., irri- 
tation of the conjunctiva closes the lids. Called 
also eyelid-closure r. corneomandibular r., 
movement of the lower jaw toward the side opposite 
the eye whose cornea is lightly touched, the mouth 
being open, cranial r., any reflex whose 
paths are connected directly with the brain, 
cremasteric r., stimulation of the skin .on the 
front and inner side of the thigh retracts the testis 
on the same side: shows soundness of cord between 
first and second lumbar nerves, crossed r., 
stimulation upon one side of the body makes a re- 
flex on the other side, cutaneous r., a reflex in 
which stimulation of the skin causes wrinkling, 
cutaneous pupillary r., dilatation of the pupil 
on pinching the skin of the cheek or neck, dartos 
r., the patient stands with his feet wide apart and 
the examiner suddenly applies cold to the perineum; 
the dartos muscle undergoes vermicular contraction. 
Davidson's r., a light seen through the pupil 
when an electric light is held in the mouth, deeper 
r., any reflex elicited by irritating a deep structure, 
defense r., contraction and extension motions 
in a paralyzed limb produced by plantar flexion 
of the toes, depressor r., a reflex to stimulation 
resulting in decreased activity of the motor center, 
digital r. See Hofmann's sign (2), under sign. 
direct r., a contraction on the same side as that of 
the stimulation, direct light r., when a ray of 
light is thrown upon the retina through the pupil 
there is immediate contraction of the sphincter 
iridis, reducing the size of the pupillary aperture. 
REFLEX dorsal r., contraction of the back muscles in re- 
sponse to stimulation of the skin along the erector 
spinae. elbow r., triceps reflex, emergency 
light r., excessive stimulation of the retina by 
light produces contraction of the pupils, closure of 
the eyelids, and lowering of the eyebrows, epi- 
gastric r., a withdrawal or spasm of the skin of 
the epigastrium caused by stimulating its surface or 
that of the fifth and sixth intercostal spaces near the 
axilla, erector spinae r., contraction of the erec- 
tor spinae muscle on irritation of the skin along 
its border, eyeball-heart r. See oculocardi- 
ac r. eyelid-closure r. See corneal r. fascial 
r., a reflex elicited by a sudden tap over a fascia, 
faucial r., irritation of the fauces causing vomiting, 
femoral r., irritation of the skin on the upper an- 
terior aspect of the thigh flexes the foot and first 
three toes and extends the knee, front-tap r., 
a tap on the skin muscles of the extended leg con- 
tracts the gastrocnemius, gastrocolic r., a 
wave of peristalsis in the colon induced by the 
entrance of food into the empty stomach, gastro- 
iliac r., opening of the ileocecal valve induced by 
the presence of food in the stomach. Gault's 
cochleopalpebral r. See cochleopalpebral r. 
Geigel's T., a reflex in the female corresponding 
to the cremasteric reflex in the male, genital r., 
any reflex irritability due to disorder of the genital 
organs. Gifford's r., contraction of the pupil 
when an effort is made to close the lids, which are 
held apart, gluteal r., a stroke over the skin of 
the buttock contracts the glutei muscles. Gor- 
don's r. See paradoxic flexor r. Haab's r., bi- 
lateral pupillary contraction when the patient sits in 
a darkened room, and without accommodation or 
convergence directs his attention to a bright object 
already within the field of vision. Called also 
cerebral cortex r. heart r. See Abram's heart-r. 
Hirschberg's r., tickling of the sole at the base 
of the great toe causes adduction of the foot. 
Hughes' r. See virile r. (2d def.), humoral 
r. Same as chemical r. hypochondrial 
T., sudden inspiration caused by quick press- 
ure beneath the lower border of the ribs, 
hypothenar r., a reflex elicited by pressure 
on the pisiform bone, indirect r. Same as 
crossed r. infraspinatus r., obtained by tapping 
a certain spot over the shoulder-blade, on a line 
bisecting the angle formed by the spine of the bone* 
and its inner border; outward rotation of the arm 
occurs, with simultaneous straightening of the 
elbow, inguinal r. Same as Geigel's r. in- 
terscapular r., a stimulus applied between the 
scapulae contracts the scapular muscles. Called 
also scapular r. inverted radial r., a flexion 
of the fingers without movement of the forearm, 
produced by tapping the lower end of the radius; 
believed to indicate disease of the fifth cervical 
segment of the spinal cord, iris-contraction r. 
Same as pupillary r. Jacobson's r., a reflex seen 
in cerebral spastic paralysis of the upper extremities: 
the patient rests his forearm upon the examiner's 
hand, with the thumb directed upward, the fingers 
slightly extended. A blow is then struck on the 
lower edge of the radius on the extensor side. If 
flexion of the. fingers results, paralysis is indi- 
cated. jaw-jerk r., clonic contraction of the 
inferior maxilla and other muscles of mastica- 
tion, causing jerky motions of the lower jaw on 
striking the lower jaw with a downward blow 
while it hangs passively open. It is seen only 
rarely in health, but is very noticeable in sclerosis 
of the lateral columns of the cord. Joffroy's r., 
twitching of the gluteal muscles on pressure 
against the nates in spastic paralysis, knee-jerk 
r., the patellar reflex: reflex contraction or clonic 
spasm of the quadriceps muscle, produced by 
sharply striking the ligamentum patellse when the 
leg hangs loosely flexed at right angles. It is seen 
normally in health, but is absent in locomotor 
ataxia, multiple neuritis, lesions of the lower por- 
tion of the spinal cord, lesions of the anterior gray 
horns of the cord, meningitis, infantile paralysis, 
REFLEX 
940 
pseudohypertrophic paralysis, atrophic paralysis, 
diabetes, etc., and is increased in spinal irritability, 
lesions of the pyramidal tract, cerebral tumors, 
sclerosis of the brain and cord, etc. Kocher's r., 
contraction of the abdominal muscle on compression 
of the testicle, lacrimal r., secretion of tears 
elicited by touching the conjunctiva over the 
cornea, laryngeal r., irritation of the fauces 
and larynx causes cough, lid-r. Same as cor- 
neal r. light-r. i. A luminous image reflected 
from the membrana tympani. 2. A circular spot 
of light seen reflected from the retina with the 
retinoscopic mirror. lip r., a reflex movement 
of the lips of sleeping babies which occurs on tap- 
ping near the angle of the mouth. Called also 
mouth phenomenon. Loven r., general vaso- 
dilatation of an organ when its afferent nerve 
is stimulated. This secures a maximal supply of 
blood to the organ, lumbar r. Same as dorsal 
r. lung r., reflex dilatation of the subjacent lung 
tissue from local irritation of the skin, as by 
cold or continued percussion. It may be suffi- 
cient to obscure slight degrees of percussion dulness. 
mandibular r., jaw-jerk reflex, mass r., a re- 
flex exhibited by the entire area controlled by the 
portion of the spinal cord which has been injured. 
McCarthy's r., contraction of the orbicularis 
oculi muscle on tapping the supra-orbital nerve. 
McCormac's r., percussing the patellar tendon 
produces adduction of the opposite leg. Men- 
del's dorsal r. of foot, a reflex elicited by 
percussing the dorsum of the foot. In normal 
persons it causes dorsal flexion of the second to 
fifth toes; in certain organic nervous conditions 
there is plantar flexion of the toes, motor r., a 
reflex brought about by stimulation upon the 
periphery of the motor mechanism, muscular r., 
a reflex movement due to the stretching of a muscle, 
myenteric r., contraction of the intestine above 
and relaxation below a portion of the intestine that 
is irritated, nasal r. 1. Irritation of the Schneide- 
rian membrane provokes sneezing. 2. See Bech- 
terew's r., 5th def. obliquus r., stimulation of the 
skin below Poupart's ligament contracts a part of 
the external oblique muscle, oculocardiac r., 
a slowing of the rhythm of the heart following com- 
pression of the eyes. A slowing of from 5 to 13 
beats per minute is normal; one of from 13 to 50 or 
more is exaggerated; one of from 1 to 5 is dimin- 
ished. If ocular compression produces accelera- 
tion of the heart, the reflex is called inverted. 
oculo-cephalo-gyric r., the reflex by which 
the movements of the eye, the head, and the body 
are directed in the interest of visual attention. 
Onanoff's r., contraction of the bulbocaver- 
nosus muscle on compressing the glans penis: 
said to be indicative of dementia praecox. Oppen- 
heim's r. Same as Oppenheim's sign, see under 
sign, palatal r., palatine r., stimulation of the 
palate causes swallowing, palmar r., tickling the 
palm flexes the fingers, palm-chin r., when the 
thenar eminence is rapidly and vigorously irritated 
with a needle, the muscles of the chin on the same 
side are drawn up. paradoxic flexor r., ex- 
tension of the great toe on pressure or irrita- 
tion of the deep flexor muscles of the calf of the 
leg: indicative of motor tract disturbance. Called 
also Gordon's r. patellar r., knee-jerk, or 
Westphal's sign: a stroke on the tense patellar 
tendon contracts the quadriceps and jerks the foot, 
patellar r., paradoxic, a stroke on the patellar 
tendon, the patient lying on his back, contracts 
the adductor muscles, while forcible flexion and 
sudden relaxation of the leg contract the anterior 
muscles, pathologic r., one which is not normal, 
but is the result of a pathologic condition, and 
may serve as a sign of disease, penis-r. Same 
as bulbocavernous r. perception r., a reflex 
movement occurring when a perception is formed 
in consciousness, periosteal r., a tap on the 
bones of the leg or forearm causes muscular 
contraction. It occurs in disease of the lateral col- 
umn of the spinal cord, peroneal r., a stroke 
REFLEX on the tense peroneal muscles or when the foot 
is turned in causes reflex movements, pharyn- 
geal r., a stimulus applied to the pharynx causes 
swallowing. Piltz's r. See attention-r. plantar 
r., irritation of the sole contracts the toes, pla- 
ty smal r., the act of nipping the platysma 
myoidescontracts the pupil, pneocardiac r., 
modification of the circulation on injecting irri- 
tating vapor into any part of the air-passages, 
pneo-pneic r., modification of the respiratory 
rhythm on injecting irritating vapor into any 
part of the air-passages, pressor r., a reflex 
to stimulation resulting in increased activity of a 
motor center, psychocardiac r., increase in the 
pulse-rate on recalling an individual emotional 
experience, psychogalvanic r., when two non- 
polarizable electrodes are attached to asymmetric 
parts of the body and connected up with a gal- 
vanometer, the latter instrument registers certain 
electric changes in the body associated with emo- 
tional reactions, pupillary r., contraction of the 
pupil on exposure of the retina to light, pupil- 
lary r., paradoxic, stimulation of the retina 
by light dilates the pupil, radial r., flexion of 
the forearm with sometimes flexion of the fingers 
as well, following tapping on the lower end of 
the radius. rectal r., the process by which 
the accumulation of feces in the rectum excites 
defecation, red r., a luminous red appearance 
seen upon the retina. Remak's r., plantar 
flexion of the first three toes and sometimes of the 
foot, with extension of the knee on stroking of the 
upper anterior surface of the thigh: it indicates 
interruption of the conducting paths of the cord, 
reno-renal r., reflex pain or anuria in a sound 
kidney in cases where the other kidney is diseased. 
Roger's r., salivation or irritation of the esopha- 
gus. Rossolimo's r., on stroking the plantar 
surface of the great toe, extension or abduction of 
the toe occurs in lesions of the pyramidal tract, 
scapular r. Same as interscapular r. scap- 
ulohumeral r., adduction with outward rota- 
tion of the humerus produced by percussing 
along the inner edge of the scapula. Schaffer's 
T., flexion of the foot and toes on pinching the 
Achilles tendon at its middle third: seen in organic 
hemiplegia, senile r., a gray reflection from the 
pupil of aged people due to hardening of the lens, 
sexual r., the reflex of erection and ejacula- 
tion produced by stimulation of the genitals, 
shot-silk r. See shot-silk retina, under retina. 
skin-r. Same as platysmal r. skin-pupil- 
lary r., dilatation of the pupil produced by 
irritation of the skin of the neck. Snellen's r., 
unilateral congestion of the ear upon stimulation 
of the distal end of the divided auriculocervical 
nerve, sole-r. Same as plantar r. spinal r., any 
reflex whose arc is connected with a center in the 
spinal cord. Striimpell's r., leg movement with 
adduction of the foot produced by stroking the thigh 
or abdomen, superficial r., any reflex provoked 
by a superficial stimulation, supinator longus 
r., tapping of the tendon of the supinator longus 
produces flexion of the forearm, supra-orbital 
r., McCarthy's r. tarsophalangeal r., dorsal 
flexion of the second and third or second and 
fifth toes on tapping the dorsum of the foot in 
the region of the cuboid or external cuneiform 
bone: said to indicate some central organic lesion 
of the motor nervous system, ten'do achil'lis 
r. (Gowers, 1879), contraction of the calf mus- 
cles excited by a blow upon the Achilles tendon, 
producing a flexion of the foot, tendon-r., 
a deep reflex, toe-r., strong flexion of the great 
toe flexes all the muscles of the lower extremity. It 
is seen in pathologic states in which there is in- 
creased knee-jerk, tonic r., the passing of an 
appreciable period of time after the occurrence of a 
reflex before relaxation, triceps r., extension of 
the forearm on tapping of the triceps tendon at the 
elbow while the forearm hangs limp at right angles 
to the arm. unconditioned r., a reflex which is 
fixed and invariable. Cf. conditioned r. urinary 
REFLEX 
941 
T., desire to urinate on accumulation of the urine 
in the bladder to a certain amount, vagus r., 
abnormal sensitiveness to pressure over the 
course of the vagus nerve: seen in a lung affected 
with tuberculosis, vascular r., constriction of 
an artery produced by peripheral irritation, vesi- 
cal r., desire to urinate produced by moderate dis- 
tention of the bladder. virile r. i. Same as bulbo- 
cavernous r. 2. A reflex in the flaccid penis elicited 
by pulling upward the foreskin or glans penis, when 
a sudden downward jerk results. Called also 
Hughes' r. visceral r., that in which the stimu- 
lus is set up by some state of an internal organ, 
visceromotor r., contraction of abdominal mus- 
cles due to a stimulus from one of the viscera, 
viscerosensory r., a region of sensitiveness to 
pressure on some part of the body due to disease of 
some internal organ, viscerotrophic r., de- 
generation of any peripheral tissue as a result of 
chronic inflammation of any of the viscera, wa- 
tered-silk r., a peculiar appearance, like that of 
watered silk, visible upon the retinas of children. 
Weiss's r., a curved reflex seen with the ophthal- 
moscope on the fundus of the eye to the nasal side 
of the disk: believed to be indicative of myopia. 
Westphal's pupillary r., contraction of the 
pupil associated with closure or attempted closure 
of the eye. wrist-clonus r., extreme extension 
of the hand causes a local jerking movement, 
zygomatic r., lateral motion of the lower jaw to 
the percussed side on percussion over the zygoma. 
reflexa (re-fleks'ah). Same as decidua reflexa. 
reflexogenic (re-fleks-o-jen<ik) [reflex + Gr. yewav 
to produce]. Producing or increasing reflex 
action. 
reflexograph (re-fleks'o-graf) [reflex + Gr. ypaipeiv 
to write]. An instrument for graphically recording 
a reflex. 
reflexology (re-fleks-ol'o-je). The science or study 
of reflexes. 
reflexometer (re-fleks-om'et-er) [reflex + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the force necessary to produce myotatic con- 
traction. 
reflexophil (re-fleks'o-fil) [reflex + Gr. to 
love]. Characterized by activity of reflexes. 
reflux (re'fluks) [L. re- back + flux'us flow]. A 
backward or return flow. 
reforme (ra-form'). A French military term for the 
enforced retirement of soldiers for physical disa- 
bility or unworthiness to serve. 
refract (re-frakt') [L. refrin'gere to break apart], 
i. To cause to deviate. 2. To ascertain errors 
of ocular refraction. 
refracta dosi (re-frak'tah do'si) [L.]. In repeated 
and divided doses. 
refraction (re-frak'shun). 1. The act or process 
of refracting. 2. The deviation of light in pass- 
ing obliquely from one medium to another of 
different density. The deviation occurs at the 
surface of junction of the two media, which is 
known as the refracting surface. The ray before 
refraction is called the incident ray; after re- 
fraction it is the refracted ray. The point of 
junction of the incident and the reflected ray is 
known as the point of incidence. The angle be- 
tween the incident ray and a line perpendicular 
to the refracting surface at the point of incidence 
is known as the angle of incidence; that between 
the reflected ray and this perpendicular is called 
the angle of refraction, double r., that in 
which the incident ray is divided into two re- 
fracted rays, so as to produce a double image. 
Double refraction is produced by Iceland spar. 
See Nicol prism, under prism, dynamic r., re- 
fraction of the eye when using its utmost accom- 
modative power, index of r., the refractive 
power of a medium as compared with that of air, 
which is assumed to be 1. ocular r., the re- 
fraction of light produced by the media of the 
REFRACTION normal eye and resulting in the focusing of im- 
ages upon the retina. Static r., the refraction of 
the eye when its accommodation is paralyzed. 
refractionist (re-frak'shun-ist). One skilled in 
refracting the eye. 
refractive (re-frak'tiv). Pertaining to or sub- 
serving a process of refraction; having the power 
to refract. 
refractivity (re-frak-tiv'it-«). The quality of 
being refractive; the power or ability to refract. 
refractometer (re-frak-tom'et-er) [refraction + 
Gr. perpov measure], i. An instrument for 
measuring the refractive power of the eye. 2. 
An instrument for determining the indices of re- 
fraction of various substances. 
refractory (re-frak'to-re) [L. refracto'rius]. Not 
readily yielding to treatment. 
refractoscope (re-frak'to-skop). An apparatus for 
auscultation of chest sounds so arranged that the 
listener is able to focus down upon a sound in a 
manner analogous to focusing a microscope. 
refracture (re-frak'chur). The operation of break- 
ing over again a bone which has been fractured and 
has united with a deformity. 
refrangibility (re-fran-jib-il'it-e). Susceptibility 
of being refracted; the quality of being refrangible. 
refrangible (re-fran'jib-1). Susceptible of being 
refracted. 
refresh (re-fresh'). To freshen or make raw 
again; to denude of an epithelial covering. 
refrigerant (re-frij'er-ant) [L. refrig'er ans]. 1. 
Relieving fever and thirst. 2. A cooling remedy. 
The refrigerants consist of cooling, acidulous 
drinks and evaporating lotions. 
refrigeration (re"frij-er-a'shun) [L. refrigera'tio]. 
The therapeutic reduction of a high temperature. 
See also refrigerator treatment, under treatment. 
refringent (re-frin'jent) [L. refrin'gens]. Same 
as refractive. 
refusion (re-fu'shun) [L. refu'sio]. The tempo- 
rary removal and subsequent return of blood to 
the circulation. 
regard, plane of (re-gard'). A plane that passes 
through the center of rotation and the point of 
fixation in the eye. point of r., the point at 
which the eye is directly looking. 
regeneration (re-jen-er-a'shun) [L. re- again + 
genera're to beget]. The renewal or repair of 
injured tissue. 
regenerin (re'jen'er-in). A proprietary compound 
of iron and manganese with ovolecithin. This 
compound may be mixed with arsacetin and lithium 
cacodylate to produce arsenic-regenerin. These 
preparations are used in conditions of anemia and 
faulty nutrition. 
regimen (rej'im-en) [L. " guidance "]. The sys- 
tematic regulation of the diet and habits for some 
special purpose. 
regio (re'je-o). Latin for region. The various re- 
gions of the body, named according to the B. N. A. 
nomenclature, can be seen by consulting the figures 
on p. 943. 
region (re'jun) [L. re'gio]. Any particular part 
of the body, usually one marked out by arbi- 
trary boundary lines, abdominal r's. See 
abdomen, r. of accommodation, the space 
including all points to which the eye can be ad- 
justed by accommodation, anal r. Same as 
ischiorectal r. antebrachial ulnar r., the 
ulnar aspect of the forearm, antebrachial volar 
T., corresponds to the palmar surface of the 
forearm, anterior brachial r., corresponds to 
the inner or anterior aspect of the arm beldw the 
deltoid and above the elbow, aulic r., a re- 
gion about the aqueduct of Sylvius. axillary 
r., the axilla and its borders, basilar r., the 
base of the skull. Broca's r. Same as Broca's 
convolution. See under convolution. ciliary 
r., the part of the eye occupied by the ciliary 
REFRACTIONIST 
942 
body and its adjuncts, clavicular r's, right 
and left, the parts of the surface just above 
the clavicles, cubital r., anterior, the palmar 
aspect of the elbow, cubital r., posterior, 
the dorsal aspect of the elbow surrounding the 
olecranal region, deltoid r., the upper or 
proximal part of the anterior aspect of the upper 
arm. digital volar r., the palmar aspect of the 
fingers, ecphylactic r., a region of infection that 
cannot be protected by the defensive agencies of the 
body on account of the virulence of the infection, 
epigastric r., the median part of the surface 
of the abdomen, between the hypochondriac 
regions, extrapolar r., that region of the body 
which lies outside the influence of the poles in 
electrotherapy, genito-urinary r., the anterior 
part of the perineal space, gluteal r., the 
buttock, hypochondriac r's, right and left, 
the uppermost regions of the abdominal surface 
on either side of the epigastric region. See ab- 
domen. hypogastric r., a region of the lowest 
part of the abdomen, between the inguinal re- 
gions. See abdomen, iliac r. Same as inguinal 
r. infra-axillary r., a triangular area on 
either side below the axilla. infraclavicu- 
lar r., an area on either side of the sternum 
below the clavicle. inframammary r., 
the area situated below either mamma and 
above the lower border of the twel th rib. infra- 
SCapular r., the area on either side of the ver- 
tebral column and below the scapula, infra- 
spinous r., an area below the spine of the 
scapula on either side, inguinal r's, right and 
left, the groins; spaces on either side of the 
hypogastric region, interscapular r., the space 
between the scapulas on both sides of the verte- 
bral column, ischiorectal r., the area of the 
surface between the ischium and the rectum on 
either side, lumbar r's, right and left, the 
abdominal area on either side of the umbilical 
region, mammary r., a space on either side of 
the chest between the third and sixth ribs, motor 
r., the ascending frontal and parietal convo- 
lutions of the cerebrum. Called also rolandic 
r. occipital r., the outer surface of the head, 
covering the occipital bone, olecranal r., the 
surface of the point of the elbow over the olec- 
ranon. olfactory r., the upper part of the cavity 
of the nose or of either nostril where the sense 
of smell is principally situated, opticostriate 
r., the basal ganglia and the capsule, parie- 
totemporal r. See sensory r. perineal 
r. See perineum. precordial r., a part 
of the anterior surface of the body covering 
the heart and the pit of the stomach. pre- 
frontal r., the part of the frontal lobe of the 
cerebrum in front of the precentral fissure, ptery- 
gomaxillary T., a facial area whose external 
landmarks are the zygoma and the prominences 
of the lower jaw. respiratory r., the nasal 
cavity below the olfactory region, rolandic 
r. See motor r. scapular r., a portion of the 
back, on either side, covering the scapula, sen- 
sory r., the sensorium commune; a part of the 
cerebral cortex on either side of the motor region. 
Called also parietotemporal r. r's of the skull. 
See under area, stomach-lung r., the cir- 
cular tympanic space under the left lung, sub- 
auricular r., the space below the ear. sub- 
icular r., the anterior part of the temporosphe- 
noidal lobe, subthalamic r., a portion of the 
tegmentum beneath the optic thalamus, supe- 
rior maxillary r., the part of the face occupied 
by the superior maxillary bone with its attached 
muscles, nerves, and vessels, supraclavicular 
r., a region above either clavicle, supraspinous 
r., a region above the spine of the scapulae, teg- 
mental T., the upper surfaces of the crus cere- 
bri and the corresponding parts of the pons and 
obiongata. trabecular r., that region of 
the embryonic skull from which the sphenoid 
bone is developed, umbilical r., the medial ab- 
dominal region, above the hypogastric region 
REGION REGION 
943 
REGION 
Regions of the human body : Anterior view, 
Regions of the human body: Posterior view. 
Regions of the head and neck. 
Perineal regions : A, Male perineum ; B, female perineum 
Regions of the human body (Sobotta and McMurrich). and between the lumbar regions, volar r. of 
the hand, the palmar aspect of the hand. 
regional (re'jun-al). Pertaining to a region or to 
regions. 
regression (re-gresh'un) [L. regres'sio a return], 
1. A return of symptoms. 2 Retrograde meta- 
morphosis. 3. In biology, the tendency in suc- 
cessive generations toward mediocrity. See 
Dalton's law of regression, under law. 
regressive (re-gres'iv). Characterized by regres- 
sion. 
regular (reg'u-lar) [L. regula'ris; reg'ula rule]. 
1. Normal or conforming to rule. 2. Menstru- 
ating at the proper intervals, r. school, the 
school of medical practice and teaching which 
is based upon the principles accepted by the 
great body of physicians and founded upon ex- 
perience and scientific investigation, without 
strict adherence to any one theory of therapeu- 
tics. 
regulation (reg-u-ia'shun) [L. reg'ula rule]. 1. The 
act of adjusting or state of being adjusted to a 
certain standard. 2. In biology, the adaptation of 
form or behavior of an organism to changed con- 
ditions. 
regulin (reg'u-lin). A preparation of agar-agar 
and extract of cascara sagrada: used in consti- 
pation by adding it to food. 
Reg. umb. Abbreviation for L. re'gio umbili'ci, 
region of the navel. 
regurgitant (re-gur'jit-ant) [L. re- back J- gur- 
gita're to flood]. Flowing back or against the 
normal direction. 
regurgitation (re-gur-jit-a'shun) [L. re- back + 
gurgita're to flood]. 1. The casting up of un- 
digested food. 2. A backward flowing of the 
blood through the left auriculoventricular open- 
ing, due to imperfect closure of the mitral valve. 
Rehfuss's test and tube (ra'fus) [Martin E. 
Rehfuss, contemporary Philadelphia physician]. 
See under tests. 
Reichel's duct (ri'kelz) [Friedrich Paul Reichel, 
German obstetrician, born 1858]. See duct. 
Reichert's cartilage (ri'kerts) [Karl B. Reichert, 
German anatomist, 1811-1884]. See cartilage. 
Reichmann's disease (rik'manz) [N. Reichmann, 
contemporary physician in Warsaw]. See disease. 
Reid's base-line (redz) [Robert William Reid, 
Scotch anatomist, born 1851]. See base-line, under 
line. 
Reil, island of (ril) [Johann Christian Reil, an- 
atomist in Halle, 1758-1813]. See island. 
reimplantation (re"im-plan-ta'shun). Replace- 
ment of a part that has been taken out, as a 
tooth or an ovary. 
reinfection (re-in-fek'shun). A second infection 
by the same or a similar virus. 
reinoculation (re"in-ok-u-la'shun). An inocu- 
lation that follows a previous one with the same 
virus. 
Reinsch's test (rin'shez). See under tests. 
reintubation (re-in-tu-ba'shun) Intubation per- 
formed a second time 
reinversion (re-in-ver'shun). Restoration to its 
normal place of an inverted organ, especially 
restoration of an inverted uterus. 
Reissner's membrane (ris'nerz) [Ernst Reissner, 
anatomist in Berlin, 1824-1878]. See membrane. 
rejuvenescence (re"ju-ven-es'ens) [L. re- again 
+ juvenes'cere to become young], A renewal 
of youth or of strength. 
relapsable (re-lap'sa-bl). Liable to relapse. 
relapse (re-laps') [L. relap'sus]. The return of a 
disease after its apparent cessation, intercur- 
rent r., a relapse occurring before the temperature 
has reached a normal level. 
relapsing fever (re-lap'sing). See fever. 
REGIONAL 
944 
relax (re-laks'). A popular term for diarrhea. 
relaxant (re-laks'ant) [L. relaxa're to loosen], i. 
Causing a lessening of tension. 2. An agent that 
lessens tension. 
relaxation (re-laks-a'shun). 1. A lessening of 
tension. 2. A mitigation of pain. 
relief (re-lef') [L. releva'tio\. The mitigation or 
removal of pain or distress. 
relieve (re-lev') [L. releva're to lighten]. To mitigate 
or remove pain or distress; to give relief to. 
religiosus (re-lij-e-o'sus) [L.]. The rectus superior 
oculi. 
reluxation (re-luks-a'shun). Same as redislocation. 
Remak's band, fibers, ganglion, plexus, etc. 
(ra-maks') [Robert Remak, German neurologist, 
1815-1865]. See band, fiber, ganglion, plexus, etc. 
Remak's reflex, sign, type (ra-maks') [Ernest 
Julius Remak, German neurologist, 1849-1911]. 
See reflex, sign, and type. 
remedial (re-me'de-al) [L. remedia'lis}. Cura- 
tive; acting as a remedy. 
remedy (rem'ed-e) [L. reme'dium]. Anything 
that cures, palliates, or prevents disease, con- 
cordant r's, a homeopathic term for remedies 
of similar action, but of dissimilar origin. Du- 
rande's r., a remedy for gall-stones: essence of 
turpentine, 10 parts; sulphuric ether, 15 parts. 
Ehrlich-Hata r. See salvarsan. inimic 
r's, a homeopathic term for remedies whose actions 
are antagonistic, tissue-r's, the twelve reme- 
dies which, according to the biochemic school of 
homeopathy, form the mineral bases of the body. 
Remijia (re-mij'e-ah). A genus of rubiaceous 
shrubs. R. peduncula' ta and R. purdiea'na furnish 
cuprea bark and quinin. 
remineralization (re-min"er-al-iz-a'shun). The 
restoration of mineral elements, as to the human 
body. 
remission (re-mish'un) [L. remis'sio]. A diminu- 
tion or abatement of the symptoms of a disease; 
also the period during which such diminution 
occurs. Legroux's r's, long remissions which 
sometimes occur during the course of pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 
remittence (re-mit'ens). Temporary abatement, 
without actual cessation, of symptoms. 
remittent (re-mit'ent) [L. remit'tere to send back]. 
1. Having periods of abatement and of exacer- 
bation. 2. A fever characterized by remissions. 
See fever. 
ren (ren), pl. re'nes. Latin for kidney, r. mo'bilis, 
movable kidney. 
renaden (ren'ad-en) [L. ren kidney + Gr. aifiv 
gland]. A therapeutic extract of the kidneys 
of animals: used in chronic diseases of the kidney. 
Daily dose, 90-120 gr. (6-8 gm.). 
renadesin (ren-ad-e'sin). A proprietary styptic and 
anesthetic ointment containing adrenalin and ben- 
zamin lactate. 
renaglandin (ren-ag-lan'din). A preparation of 
the suprarenal glands: used as a hemostatic. 
renal (re'nal) [L. rena'lis\. Pertaining to the 
kidney. 
renatone (ren'at-6n). A proprietary preparation 
of digitalis, triticum, buchu, etc.: used as a diu- 
retic and urinary disinfectant. 
Renaut's layer (ren-6z') [Joseph Louis Renaut, 
French physician, 1844-1917]. See under layer. 
renculin (ren'ku-lin). An albuminoid said to exist 
in the suprarenal bodies. 
renculus (ren'ku-lus). Reniculus. 
Rendu's method, tremor (ron-dooz') [Henri 
Jules Louis Marie Rendu, French physician, 1844- 
1902]. See method and tremor. 
renes (re'nez). A therapeutic extract of the kidneys 
of pigs or sheep. 
RENES RENICAPSULE 
945 
RESIN 
renicapsule (ren'e-kap-sul) [L. ren kidney + cap'- 
sula capsule]. A suprarenal capsule. 
renicardiac (ren-e-kar'de-ak) [renal + cardiac]. 
Pertaining to the kidneys and heart. 
reniculus (ren-ik'u-lus), pl. renic'uli. One of the 
lobules composing the kidney, and consisting of a 
pyramid and its inclosing cortical substance. 
reniform (ren'if-orm) [L. ren kidney + for'ma 
form]. Shaped like a kidney. 
renin (ren'in). A therapeutic extract prepared 
from the kidneys of animals. 
reniportal (ren-e-porTal) [L. ren kidney 4- po/ta 
gate]. Pertaining to the portal system of the 
kidneys. 
renipuncture (ren'e-punkt-yur) [L. ren kidney + 
punctu'ra puncture]. Surgical incision or punc- 
ture of the capsule of the kidney: done for relief 
of albuminuric pain. 
rennet (ren'et). A preparation of the calf's stom- 
ach used in coagulating milk and making cheese. 
rennin (ren'in). The milk-curdling ferment found 
chiefly in the gastric juice, but occurring also in 
pancreatic juice, the testis, and other organs, as 
well as in plants. Called also chymosin. 
renninogen (ren-in'o-jen). The proenzyme exist- 
ing in the gastric glands, which, after secretion, 
is converted into rennin. Called also prorennin, 
prochymosin, chymosinogen, and pexinogen. 
renninum (ren-i'num). Rennin. 
rennogen (ren'o-jen). The substance from which 
rennin is developed. 
renocutaneous (re"no-ku-ta'ne-us). Pertaining 
to the kidneys and skin. 
renoform (ren'o-form). A hemostatic in nasal 
surgery prepared from the adrenals. 
renogastric (re-no-gas'trik). Pertaining to the 
kidney and stomach. 
renography (re-nog'raf-e) [L. ren kidney 4- Gr. 
ypatpeiv to write]. The study of the kidney by 
radiography. 
reno-intestinal (re"no-in-tes'tin-al). Pertaining 
to the kidney and intestine. 
renopulmonary (re-no-pul'mon-a-re). Pertain- 
ing to the kidney and lung. 
renunculus (re-nung'ku-lus). Same as reniculus. 
reoxidation (re-oks-id-a'shun). The act of taking 
up oxygen again, as the hemoglobin of the blood. 
Rep. Abbreviation for L. repeta'tur, let it be re- 
peated. 
repand (re-pand') [L. re back 4- pan'dtis bent]. 
Wrinkled or wavy: said of bacterial cultures. 
repellent (re-pel'ent) [L. repel'lere to drive back]. 
1. Capable of dispersing a swelling. 2. An agent 
or remedy which causes a swelling or tumor to 
disappear. 
repeller (re-pel'er). An instrument used in labor 
of animals to push back the fetus until the head and 
limbs can be properly placed for normal delivery. 
repercolation (re"per-ko-la'shun) [L. re- again 4- 
percola're to filter], A second or repeated per- 
colation with the same materials. 
repercussion (re-per-kush'un) [L. repercus'sio re- 
bound]. 1. The driving in of an eruption or the 
scattering of a swelling. 2. Ballottement. 
repercussive (re-per-kus'iv). An agent causing 
repercussion; a repellent. 
replantation (re-plan-ta'shun). Same as reim- 
plantation. 
repletion (re-ple'shun) [L. reple'tio], The con- 
dition of being full. 
reposition (re-po-zish'un) [L. reposi'tio]. Re- 
placement in the normal position. 
repositor (re-poz'it-or). An instrument used in 
returning displaced organs to the normal position. 
reproduction (re-pro-duk'shun) [L. re- again 4- 
produc'tio production]. The production of off- 
spring by organized bodies, asexual r., repro- 
duction which takes place without the union of in- 
dividual or germ cells of two different sexes. It 
includes cell division, budding, fission, spore-forma- 
tion, and parthenogenesis, sexual r., reproduc- 
tion by means of ova and spermatozoa or by the 
fusion of the nuclei of two cells. 
reproductive (re-pro-duk'tiv). Subserving or 
pertaining to the production of offspring. 
repullulation (re-pul-u-la'shun). Renewed 
growth by sprouting. 
repulsion (re-pul'shun) [L. re- back + pel'lere to 
drive]. The act of driving apart or away; a force 
which tends to drive two bodies apart. It is the 
opposite of attraction. 
resacetin (re-sas'e-tin). A derivative of oxyphe- 
nylacetic acid. 
resaldol (re-sal'dol). A brown astringent powder, 
dioxy-benzoyl-ortho-benzoic acid ethyl ester, com- 
posed of resorcin and saloform: used as an intes- 
tinal antiseptic in diarrhea, leukorrhea, and 
tuberculosis of the intestine. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 
gm.). 
resalgin (re-sal'jin). A substance, antipyrin re- 
sorcylate, (CnHi2N2O2)2C7H6O4, in crystalline 
needles, derived from antipyrin and potassium 
/3-resorcylate. 
resection (re-sek'shun) [L. resec'tio]. Excision of 
a part of an organ; especially, excision of the ends 
of bones and other structures forming a joint, 
submucous r., window r., excision of a portion 
of a deflected nasal septum after first laying back 
a flap of mucous membrane, which is replaced after 
the operation. 
resene (res'en). Any one of a class of resin deriva- 
tives. 
reserve air (re-zerv'). See air. 
reserve, alkali. The amount of alkali radical 
available in the body to neutralize acid; the reser- 
voir of alkali contained in the blood-plasma and 
blood-corpuscles, as sodium bicarbonate, dipotas- 
sium phosphate, and the alkaline salts of protein. 
reservoir (rez'er-vwoir). A lymphatic cistern or 
other cavity for storage. Pecquet's r., the re- 
ceptaculum chyli. 
resident (res'id-ent). Same as intern. 
residual (re-sid'u-al) [L. resid'uus\. Remaining 
or left behind, r. air. See air. 
residue (rez'id-u) [L. resid'uum, from re- back + 
sid'ere to sit]. A remainder; that which remains 
after the removal of other substances, cancer r., 
the water-soluble portion of cancer-cells left after 
splitting off the toxic radicals by heating the can- 
cer-cells in a 2 per cent, solution of sodium hydroxid 
in absolute alcohol, typhoid r., the substance 
remaining after treating a pure culture of typhoid 
bacilli with alcohol, ether, and sodium hydroxid: 
it is used as a remedy and an immunizing agent in 
typhoid fever. 
residuum (re-zid'u-um) [L.]. A residue or re- 
mainder. r. ru'brum, desiccated ox-blood: used 
in anemia, sporal r. See sporenrest. 
resilience (re-sil'e-ens) [L. resili're to leap back]. 
Elasticity; the property of returning to the former 
shape after compression. 
resilient (re-sil'e-ent) [L. resil'iens]. Elastic; re- 
turning to its proper shape or size after com- 
pression or dilatation. 
resin (rez'in) [L. resi'na]. 1. Any one of a class 
of inflammable, amorphous vegetable substances 
of many kinds, obtained from plants and trees. 
True resins are insoluble in water, but are readily 
dissolved in alcohol, ether, and volatile oils. The 
chief resins are common resin, or rosin, Canada 
pitch, Burgundy pitch, caoutchouc, mastic, and 
resins of copaiba, jalap, guaiac, dammar, scam- 
mony, and podophyllum. 2. Same as rosin. 
acaroid r. (from Acarois, a former generic name 
of the plant producing it), a yellow resin from RESINA 
946 
RESPIRATION 
Xanthorrhee' a has'tilis, a liliaceous tree of Australia: 
tonic and stimulant. Dose, 6-12 gr. (0.4-0.8 gm.), 
acaroid r., red, a similar product of X. austra'lis. 
gum-r., any concrete vegetable juice containing 
resin, gum, a volatile oil, and extractive material. 
resina (rez-i'nah). See resin. 
resineon (rez-in'e-on). A volatile oil distilled 
from rosin: antiseptic. 
resinoid (rez'in-oid). 1. Resembling a resin. 2. 
A substance resembling a resin. 3. A dry thera- 
peutic precipitate prepared from a vegetable 
tincture. 
resinol (rez'in-ol). 1. Same as retinol. 2. A pro- 
prietary antiseptic: used in diseases of the skin 
and mucous membranes as a local application. 
resinotannol (rez"in-o-tan'ol). Any resin alco- 
hol which gives a tannin reaction. 
resinous (rez'in-us) [L. resino'sus]. Of the nature 
of a resin. 
resistance (re-zis'tans) [L. resisten'tia]. The op- 
position by a conductor to the passage of an electric 
current, acid alcohol r., the power of a bac- 
terium to resist the action of acid and alcohol, 
r.-coil, a coil of wire in a circuit placed there to 
increase the resistance, essential r., internal 
r., resistance to a galvanic current which resides in 
the cells of a battery, external r., extraordi- 
nary r., that which pertains to that part of the 
circuit which is outside of the battery-cell or cells. 
resol (re'sol). A proprietary wood-tar and potash- 
soap preparation: disinfectant. 
resoldol (re-sol'dol). A condensation-product of 
saloform and resorcinol. It is insoluble in water 
and acids, but freely soluble in alkalis: used as 
an intestinal tonic and astringent. Dose, 5-15 
gr. (0.333-1 gm.). 
resolution (rez-o-lu'shun) [L. resolu'tio]. The 
subsidence of an inflammation; the softening and 
disappearance of a swelling. 
resolve (re-zolv') [L. resol'vere]. 1. To restore to 
the normal state after some pathologic process. 
2. To separate a thing into its component parts. 
resolvent (re-solv'ent) [L. resol'vens dissolving]. 
1. Promoting resolution or the dissipation of a 
pathologic growth. 2. An agent that causes 
resolution. 
resolving power (re-zol'ving). The power of a 
lens for giving distinct and separate images of 
the fine details of an object. 
resonance (rez'on-ans) [L. resonan'tia}. 1. The 
prolongation and intensification of sound pro- 
duced by the transmission of its vibrations to a 
cavity, especially a sound elicited- by percussion. 
Decrease of resonance is called dulness; absence 
of resonance flatness. 2. A vocal sound as heard 
in auscultation, amphoric r., a sound resem- 
bling that produced by blowing over the mouth 
of an empty bottle, bandbox r., the extremely 
resonant sound elicited by percussion in cases 
of emphysema of the lungs, bell-metal r., a 
peculiar sound heard in pneumothorax when a 
coin placed on the chest-wall is struck by another 
coin. COUgh-r., a peculiar auscultatory sound 
elicited by coughing, cracked-pot r., a pecu- 
liar sound elicited by percussion over a pulmonary 
cavity that communicates with a bronchus, hy- 
datid r., a peculiar sound heard in the combined 
auscultation and percussion of a hydatid cyst, 
osteal r., the sound elicited by percussion over a 
bony structure, skodaic r., increased percus- 
sion resonance at the upper part of the chest, with 
flatness below it. tympanic r., the drum-like 
reverberation of a cavity filled with air. tym- 
panitic r., the peculiar sound elicited by per- 
cussing a tympanitic abdomen, vesicular r., the 
normal pulmonary resonance, vesiculotym- 
panic r., a resonance partly vesicular and partly 
tympanic, vocal r., the sound of ordinary speech 
as heard through the chest-wall, whispering 
r., the auscultatory sound of whispered words 
heard through the chest wall, wooden r., 
vesiculotympanic resonance. 
resonant (rez'on-ant). Giving a vibrant sound 
on percussion. 
resonator (rez'on-a-tor). An instrument used to 
intensify sounds. 
resopyrin (res-o-pi'rin). A derivative of resorcin 
and antipyrin, CUH12N2O + CaH4(OH2): in 
minute rhombic crystals. 
resorbin (re-sor'bin). A mixture of almond oil, 
wax, soap, gelatin, and lanolin: used as a demulcent 
vehicle for drugs that are to be applied by in- 
unction, and also as a basis for ointments. 
resorcin (re-zor'sin). A whitish, crystalline dia- 
tomic phenol, C6H4(OH)2: isomeric with hydro- 
quinon and pyrocatechin, and produced by 
fusing sodium benzene disulphonate with sodium 
hydroxid. It is soluble in water, ether, alcohol, 
chloroform, etc., and is used as an antiseptic and 
antipyretic, in a 2 per cent, solution for spray- 
ing the throat in whooping-cough and hay-fever, 
and in ointments for skin diseases. Dose, 2-10 
gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.), r. monoacetate, euresol. 
resorcinism (re-zor'sin-izm). Chronic poisoning 
by resorcin. 
resorcinoform (re-zor-sin'o-form). A compound 
of resorcin and formaldehyd, used as an antiseptic. 
resorcinol (re-zor'sin-ol). 1. Resorcin. 2. An 
antiseptic preparation of resorcin and iodoform: 
used as an antiseptic dressing, r.-antipyrin. 
See resopyrin. 
resorcinum (re-zor-si'num). Resorcin. 
resorcylalgin (re-zor-sil-al'jin). Same as resalgin. 
resorption (re-sorp'shun) [L. resorbe're to suck 
up]. The removal by absorption of excreted 
matters. In dentistry, the gradual destruction of 
the dentin and cementum of a tooth root by lytic 
or phagocytic action. 
resorpyrin (re-zor-pi'rin). Resopyrin. 
resosalyl (re-so-sal'il). A proprietary antiseptic 
preparation for use as a gargle, wash, etc. 
respirable (res'pir-ab-1). Suitable for respira- 
tion. 
respiration (res-pir-a'shun) [L. respira'lio}. The 
act or function of breathing; the act by which 
air is drawn in and expelled from the lungs, in- 
cluding inspiration and expiration. Inspiration 
is performed by the contraction and descent of 
the diaphragm, elevation of the ribs by contrac- 
tion of the external intercostal and levatores 
costarum muscles, by the elevation of the upper 
ribs by the scaleni and other muscles, and depres- 
sion of the lower ribs by the muscles of the ab- 
domen. Expiration is performed by the recoil 
of the ribs, which are also drawn in by the in- 
ternal intercostal muscles, and by the upward 
forcing of the abdominal contents through the 
action of the abdominal muscles. Respiration 
supplies the blood with oxygen, which is taken 
in on inspiration, and removes from it carbon di- 
oxid, water, and various organic matters, which 
are given off in expiration. Respiration occurs 
about seventeen times to the minute, the rate vary- 
ing between thirteen and twenty-five in health. 
The quantity of air taken in and expelled by an 
ordinary respiration {tidal air) is 500 c.c. In a 
forced inspiration additional air {complemental 
air) can be taken in to the amount of about 1500 
c.c.; and in forced expiration, about 1500 c.c. 
of additional air {supplemental air, reserve air) 
can be expelled. About 1600 c.c. of air {re- 
sidual air) remains in the lungs after the full- 
est possible expiration. The quantity of air that 
can be expelled after the fullest possible inspira- 
tion represents the vital or respiratory capacity. 
abdominal r., that which is chiefly kept up by 
the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, ab- 
sent r., that in which the respiratory sounds are 
suppressed, accelerated r., that which exceeds 
twenty-five respirations every minute, amphoric RESPIRATION 
947 
RESTIFORM 
r.» that which is characterized by amphoric res- 
onance, or a quality like that of the sound pro- 
duced by blowing over the mouth of an empty 
jar. It is heard over phthisical or bronchiectatic 
cavities, in pneumothorax, in compression of lung 
from effusion, artificial r., that which is main- 
tained by artificial means. Among the methods 
of making artificial respiration are the following: 
Buist's method is employed in asphyxiation 
of the newborn, and consists of holding the 
babe alternately on the stomach and back. 
Method of Marshall Hall: Put the body prone, 
gently press on the back, then removing the 
back pressure, turn the body on its side and 
press a little more, repeating this formula sixteen 
times every minute. It is known as the method 
of prone or postural respiration, or "ready method." 
Howard's method: Place the body supine, with 
a cushion under the back, so that the head is 
lower than the abdomen; the arms are held over 
the head, forcible pressure is made with both 
hands inward and upward, over the lower ribs, 
about sixteen times in a minute. Schafer's method: 
Patient prone with forehead on one of his arms: 
straddle across patient with knees on either side of 
his hips, and pass with both hands firmly upon the 
back over the lower ribs; then raise your body 
slowly, at the same time relaxing the pressure with 
your hands. Repeat this forward and backward 
movement about every five seconds. Sylvester's 
method: Patient supine. The arms are pulled firmly 
over the head to raise the ribs, and kept there until 
air ceases to enter the chest. The arms are brought 
down to the chest, and are pressed against it 
for a second or so after air ceases to escape. This 
formula is repeated sixteen times in a minute. 
Biot's r. See meningitic r. Bouchut's r., 
respiration in which inspiration is shorter than 
expiration: seen in children with bronchopneu- 
monia. bronchial r. Same as tubular r. 
bronchocavernous r., that which is inter- 
mediate in character between bronchial and 
cavernous. It is heard over a lung cavity with 
solidified lung tissue adjacent to it. broncho- 
vesicular r., a variety intermediate between 
the bronchial and vesicular forms, cavernous 
r., a respiration marked by a peculiar prolonged 
hollow resonance, usually due to a cavity in the 
lung. It is heard in the same conditions as 
is amphoric respiration. cerebral r. Same 
as Corrigan's r. Cheyne-Stokes' r., a type 
characterized by rhythmic variations in in- 
tensity-occurring in cycles. It is seen especially 
in coma from affection of the nervous centers. 
Each cycle consists of a gradual decrease in the in- 
tensity of the respiratory movements, followed 
by total cessation for a space of from five to 
forty seconds: this in turn is followed by gradual 
increase of respiratory movements until they 
reach a maximum and become dyspneic in char- 
acter. cog-wheel r., a form with a peculiar 
jerky inspiration; breathing in which the expira- 
tory and inspiratory sounds are not continuous, 
but are split into two or more separate sounds. 
Called also interrupted r. Corrigan's r., a 
shallow and frequent blowing respiration in a 
low fever, costal r., that which is performed 
mainly by the rib muscles, cutaneous r., the 
exhalation of vapors and absorption of oxygen 
by the skin, diaphragmatic r., that which is 
mainly performed by the diaphragm, dimin- 
ished r., that in which the respiratory sounds 
are partly suppressed, divided r., respiration 
marked by a pause between the inspiratory and 
expiratory sounds: heard on auscultation in emphy- 
sema. forced r., that which takes in more air 
than is needed, granular r., a vesicular respi- 
ration, giving a sound as if the air were passing 
through a tube with an uneven surface, harsh 
r. Same as bronchovesicular r. indefinite r., a 
respiratory sound so feeble or so confused that it is 
difficult to assign to it a definite character, in- 
ternal r. See tissue r. interrupted r., 
that in which the sounds are not continuous, 
jerky r. Same as cog-wheel r. labored r., that 
which is performed with difficulty, meningitic 
r., short and rapid breathing interrupted by pauses 
of ten to thirty seconds; occurring in healthy per- 
sons during sleep it has no important significance, 
but in meningitis it is regarded as an unfavorable 
sign, metamorphosing r. Same as broncho- 
cavernous r. nervous r. Same as cerebral 
r. physiologic r. Same as metabolism. 
puerile r., that in which the breathing-sounds 
are more intense than those of normal adult 
respiration and resemble those of childhood, 
rude r. Same as bronchovesicular r. Seitz's 
metamorphosing r., a variety of bronchial res- 
piration consisting of an inspiratory murmur, 
beginning as a tubular bronchial sound and end- 
ing as either a cavernous or an amphoric tone, 
slow r., that in which there are less than twelve 
respirations in each minute, stertorous r., 
that which is accompanied by abnormal snoring 
sounds, supplementary r Same as puerile, 
r. thoracic r., respiration performed by the 
intercostal and other thoracic muscles. Cf. abdomi- 
nal r. tissue r., the exchange of gases between 
the tissues and the blood, tubular r., that 
which has high-pitched sounds, not unlike those 
made by blowing through a tube. It is heard in 
phthisical and pneumonic consolidation of lung, 
compression of lung, and sometimes over lung infil- 
trated with morbid growth, vesicular r., the 
natural breathing of a sound and healthy adult 
person. vesiculocavernous r., cavernous 
respiration with a vesicular quality. It indicates a 
cavity surrounded by healthy lung tissue, vica- 
rious r., increased action in one lung when that 
of the other lung is diminished, wavy r. Same 
as cog-wheel r. 
respirator (res'pi-ra-tor). An apparatus to qualify 
the air that is breathed through it. 
respiratory (res'pi-ra-to-re) [L. re- again + spi- 
ra're to breathe]. Pertaining to respiration. 
respirazone (res-plr-a'zon). A proprietary rem- 
edy for asthma, hay-fever, and croup. 
respirometer (res-pir-om'et-er). An instrument 
for determining the character of the respiratory 
movements. 
respiton (res'pit-on). A preparation of asclepias 
and berberis, used in skin diseases and catarrhal 
conditions. 
response (res-pons') [L. respon'sum answer]. An 
action or movement due to the application of a 
stimulus. 
rest (rest), i. Repose after exertion. 2. A frag- 
ment of embryonic tissue that has been retained 
within the adult organism; called also embryonal, 
epithelial, and fetal r. adrenal r. Same as supra- 
renal r. r.-cure, the treatment of disease by 
prolonged rest, chiefly in bed, with isolation, full 
diet, massage, and electricity, embryonal r., 
epithelial r., fetal r. See rest (2d def.), 
occlusal r., a metallic part extending from a 
partial denture which engages on the whole or a 
part of the occlusal surface of a tooth to aid in 
supporting the denture, suprarenal r., an ac- 
cessory suprarenal body; a suprarenal exclave. 
rest-atom. See under atom. 
restbacillus (rest-bas-il'us). Tubercle bacillus 
after removal of the portions that are soluble in 
water, a 10 per cent, salt solution, alcohol, and 
ether. 
restbite (rest'blt). The occlusion of the teeth when 
the jaw is at rest. 
rest-cure. See Weir-Mitchell treatment, under 
treatment. 
restibrachium (res-te-bra'ke-um), pl. restibra'chia 
[L. res'tis rope + bra'chium arm], A restiform 
body: an inferior peduncle of the cerebellum. 
Called also myelobrachium. 
restiform (res'tif-orm) [L. res'tis rope + for'ma 
form]. Shaped like a rope. See under body. restis (res'tis), pl. res'tes [L. " rope "]. Same as 
restibrachium. 
restitu'tio ad in'tegrum [L.]. Complete return 
to health. 
restitution (res-tit-u'shun) [L. restitu'tio}. 1. An 
act or process of restoration. 2. The rotation 
of the presenting part of the fetus outside of the 
vagina. 
restonal (res'to-nal). A proprietary stimulant 
antipyretic and analgesic. 
restoration (res-to-ra'shun). 1. A return to 
health. 2. Replacement in the normal position. 
restorative (res-to'ra-tiv). 1. Promoting a return 
to health or to consciousness. 2. A remedy that 
aids in restoring health, vigor, or conscious- 
ness. 
restraint (re-strant'). The forcible confinement 
of a violently insane person, chemic r., the 
quieting of a violently insane person by means of 
narcotics. 
resublimed (re-sub-limd'). Subjected to repeated 
processes of sublimation. 
resultant (re-zul'tant). Any one of the products of 
a chemical reaction. 
resupination (re"su-pin-a'shun) [L. resupina're 
to turn on the back]. 1. The act of turning 
upon the back or dorsum. 2. The position of 
one lying upon the back. 
resuscitation (re"sus-it-a'shun) [L. resuscita'tio}. 
The restoration to life or consciousness of one 
apparently dead. 
retainer (re-tan'er). In dentistry, an appliance for 
retaining in place teeth whose malposition has been 
adjusted. 
retamin (ret'am-in). An alkaloid, C15H2gN2O, 
from the bark and twigs of Ret'ama sphcerocarp'a. 
retardation (re-tar-da'shun). Delay, hindrance, 
psychomotor r., underactivity of both mind and 
body. 
retching (ret'shing). A strong involuntary effort 
to vomit; vomiturition. 
rete (re'te), pl. re'tia [L. " net "]. A net or meshwork 
of nerve-fibers, and especially of vessels, acro- 
mial r., a rete under the deltoid muscle which 
establishes a communication between the acro- 
mial artery and the posterior circumflex and 
suprascapular arteries, articular r., a rete vas- 
culosum in or around a joint, bipolar r., a rete 
mirabile, whose vessels retinite into a single trunk, 
carpal r., anterior and posterior, two retia 
formed by the anterior and posterior carpal 
arteries and other nearby arteries, epidermal 
r., the rete mucosum. r. halle'ri. Same as 
r. testis, r. malpig'hii, the rete mucosum. 
r. mirab'ile, a network of anastomosing blood- 
vessels, chiefly from a single trunk. When the 
vessels remain separate, it is called unipolar r. 
mirabile; when they reunite to form a single 
trunk, bipolar r. mirabile. r. mirab'ile con- 
juga'tum, r. mirab'ile gem'inum, a plexus of 
arteries and veins together, r. mirab'ile sim'- 
plex, a plexus of arteries only, or of veins only, 
r. muco'sum, the innermost layer of the epi- 
dermis. See under skin. r. na'si, a venous 
plexus in the inferior turbinated bone, neu- 
ral r., anterior and posterior, any one of 
a series of arterial plexuses within the spinal 
canal situated ventrad and dorsad of the cord, 
and communicating above and below with the 
spinal arteries. r. olec'rani, a mesh work 
formed by branches of four or more arteries 
near the olecranon, patellar r. 1. A network 
of arterial branches which surrounds the patella, 
coming from the various arteries of the knee. 
2. A venous plexus which also surrounds the 
patella, r. tes'tis [B N A], the network made up 
of the vasa recta in the mediastinum testis, uni- 
polar r., a rete mirabile whose vessels do not re- 
unite into a single trunk, r. vasculo'sum [B N 
A], a network of vessels formed by anastomoses be- 
RESTIS 
948 
tween small arteries just before they become capil- 
laries. r. veno'sum dor'si pe dis, a venous 
plexus of the dorsum of the foot, communicating 
with the superficial venous arch. 
retention (re-ten'shun) [L. reten'tio}. The per- 
sistent keeping within the body of matters nor- 
mally excreted. 
retial (re'te-al). Pertaining to or of the nature 
of a rete. 
reticula (re-tik'u-lah) [L. " a little net "]. A 
fibrous network connected with the lateral edge 
of the posterior gray horn of the cord. 
reticular (re-tik'u-lar) [L. reticula'ris]. Pertain- 
ing to or resembling a net. 
reticulated (re-tik'u-la-ted). Same as reticular. 
reticulin (re-tik'u-lin). An albuminoid substance 
from the connective fibers of reticular tissue. 
reticulitis (re-tik-u-li'tis). Inflammation of the 
reticulum of a ruminant animal. 
reticulocyte (re-tik'u-lo-sit) [reticulum + Gr. 
Kuros cell]. A red blood-cell showing a reticulum 
under vital staining. 
reticulocytosis (re-tik"u-lo-si-to'sis). Reticulosis, 
reticulo-endothelial system (re-tik"u-lo-en-do- 
the'le-al). See endothelial system, under system. 
reticulosis (re-tik-u-lo'sis). A condition in which 
the blood contains more than the normal per- 
centage of reticulocytes. 
reticulum (re-tik'u-lum), pl. retic'ula [L. dim. of 
re'te net], i. A network, especially a protoplasmic 
network of cells or of their nuclei. 2. The second 
division of the stomach of a ruminant animal. Eb- 
ner's r., a network of cells in the seminiferous 
tubules. 
retiform (ret'if-orm) [L. retifor'mis; re'te net + 
for'ma form]. Resembling a network. 
retina (ret'in-ah) [L.]. The innermost tunic and 
perceptive structure of the eye, formed by the 
expansion of the optic nerve, and covering the 
back part of the eye as far as the ora serrata. 
It consists of ten layers, named, from within out- 
ward, as follows: (i) The membrana limitans in- 
terna; (2) the nerve-fiber layer; (3) the layer 
of ganglion-cells; (4) the inner molecular, or 
plexiform, layer; (5) the inner nuclear layer; 
(6) the outer molecular, or plexiform, layer; (7) 
the outer nuclear layer; (8) the membrana limi- 
tans externa; (9) the layer of rods and cones 
(called also Jacob's membrane and bacillary layer)', 
and (10) the pigmentary layer. This last layer 
consists of pigmented epithelial cells, and is con- 
tinued forward over the inner surface of the 
ciliary body, and is known as the pars cilia'ris 
ret'ince. The various layers are connected trans- 
versely by fibers of connective tissue (sustentac- 
ular fibers of Muller). The layer of rods and 
cones forms the percipient element of the retina 
and is connected by nerve-fibers with the nerve- 
fiber layer, which join to form the optic nerve. 
In the center of the posterior part of the retina 
is the mac'ida lu'tea, the most sensitive portion of 
the retina; and in the center of the macula lutea 
is a depression, the fot'ea centra'lis, from which 
the rods are absent. About inch inside the 
fovea is the point of entrance of the optic nerve 
and its central artery (central artery of the retina). 
At this point the retina is incomplete and forms 
the blind spot, coarctate r., a funnel-shaped 
condition of the retina caused by a fluid exuda- 
tion between the retina and the choroid, leop- 
ard r., a retina of a variegated or mottled ap- 
pearance, due to retinitis pigmentosa, lower r., 
the lower half of the retina, nasal r., the nasal 
half of the retina, shot-silk r., an opalescent 
effect, as of changeable silk, sometimes seen in the 
retinas of young persons, temporal r., the 
outer half of the retina, tigroid r., the striped 
or spotted retina of retinitis pigmentosa, upper 
r., the upper half of the retina. 
RETINA RETINACULUM 
949 
RETRODISPLACEMENT 
retinaculum (ret-in-ak'u-lum), pl. retinac'ula [L. 
" halter '']. 1. A structure which retains an 
organ or tissue in its place. 2. A tenaculum for 
operations on hernia. Barry's r., any one of 
a set of filaments within the graafian follicles, r. 
cap'sulse articula'ris coxae, one of the longi- 
tudinal folds of the cervical portion of the capsular 
ligament of the hip. r. cu'tis. 1. One of the 
bands of connective tissue attaching the corium 
to the subcutaneous tissue. 2. One of the folds 
of skin around a joint. r. of the ileoce- 
cal valve, a ridge on the internal surface of the 
cecum at either end of the opening of the ileoce- 
cal valve. r. ligamen'ti arcua'ti, a short 
external lateral ligament of the knee-joint, r. 
morgag'ni, a ridge formed by the coming together 
of segments of the ileocecal valve. Called also r. 
of ileocecal valve, r. peroneo'rum infe'rius, 
a band across the peroneal tendons on the out- 
side of the calcaneum. r. peroneo'rum 
supe'rius, the external annular ligament of the 
ankle, r. ten'dinum, an annular ligament of 
the ankle or wrist. Weitbrecht's r., any one 
of a set of ligaments attached to the great tro- 
chanter. 
retinal (ret'in-al). Pertaining to the retina. 
retinitis (ret-in-i'tis). Inflammation of the retina. 
It is marked by impairment of sight, perversion 
of vision, edema, and exudation into the retina, 
and occasionally by hemorrhages into the retina, 
r. albuminu'rica, that which is associated with 
kidney disease, apoplectic r., that which is 
characterized by extravasations of blood within 
the retina, circinate r., a form characterized 
by brilliant white spots arranged in a. wreath-like 
form near the macula or disk. diabetic r., 
retinitis occurring in diabetes, gravidic r., 
retinitis occurring along with the albuminu- 
ria of pregnancy. r. haemorrha'gica, reti- 
nitis marked by profuse retinal hemorrhage. 
Jacobson's r., syphilitic retinitis. Jensen's 
r., retinochoroiditis juxtapapillaris. leukemic 
r., a variety seen in leukemia, and marked by 
hemorrhage and paleness of the retina. Called also 
splenic r. metastatic r., retinitis caused by the 
location of septic emboli in the retinal vessels, r. 
pigmento'sa, a form marked by progressive reti- 
nal sclerosis with pigmentation and atrophy. It is 
attended by contraction of the field of vision 
and hemeralopia. There are star-shaped de- 
posits of pigment in the retina, and the retinal 
vessels become obliterated, proliferating r., a 
form attended with the development of dense 
masses of connective tissue, which extend from 
the retina into the vitreous, r. puncta'ta albes'- 
cens, a variety characterized by the presence of 
minute white spots in the fundus, punctate r., a 
form marked by the presence of a number of white 
or yellowish spots scattered over the fundus, se- 
rous T., simple inflammation of the superficial 
layers of the retina. solar r., retinitis due to 
exposure to sunlight. splenic r. See leukemic 
r. striate r., a form marked by the presence 
of gray or yellowish streaks just back of the 
retinal vessels, suppurative r., retinitis due to 
pyemic infection. 
retinochoroid (ret"in-o-ko'roid). Pertaining to 
the retina and the choroid. 
retinochoroiditis (ret"in-o-ko-roid-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the retina and choroid, r. juxtapapil- 
la'ris, a condition seen in young healthy subjects 
marked by a small inflammatory area on the 
fundus close to the papilla. Called also Jensen's 
retinitis. 
retinoid (ret'in-oid). 1. Resembling the retina. 
2. [Gr. prjrlvr) resin 4- etbos form]. Resembling 
a resin. 
retinol (ret'in-ol). A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H32, 
obtained by distilling pitch or resin. It is a solvent 
and antiseptic, and has been used in gonorrhea. 
Dose, 8 min. (0.5 c.c.). Called also rosinol and 
codol. 
retinopapillitis (ret"in-o-pap-il-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the retina and the optic papilla. 
retinoscope (ret'in-o-skop). An instrument for 
performing retinoscopy. 
retinoscopy (ret-in-os'ko-pe) [retina + Gr. ano- 
Treiv to examine]. Skiascopy; determination of 
the refractive state of the eye by observing the 
movements of lights and shadows across the 
pupil when light is thrown out through the eye 
into the retina from a moving mirror. Called 
also shadow-test. 
retort (re-tort') [L. retor'ta bent back]. A long- 
necked globular vessel used in distillation. 
retractile (re-trak'til) [L. retrac'tilis], Susceptible 
of being drawn back. 
retraction (re-trak'shun) [L. retrac'tio, from re- 
back + tra'here to draw]. The act of drawing 
back; the condition of being drawn back. 
retractor (re-trak'tor) [L.]. i. An instrument for 
drawing back the edges of a wound. 2. Any 
retractile muscle. See muscles, table of. Em- 
met's r., a self-retaining vaginal speculum. 
retrad (re'trad) [L. re'tro backward]. Toward a 
posterior or dorsal part. 
retrahens aurem (ret'ra-henz aw'rem) [L. " draw- 
ing back the ear "]. See muscles, table of. 
retrenchment (re-trensh'ment). A procedure 
in plastic surgery consisting in the removal of 
redundant tissue and the production of cicatricial 
contraction. 
retro- [L. re'tro backward]. A suffix signifying 
backward. 
retro-auricular (re"tro-aw-rik'u-lar). Situated 
behind the auricle. 
retrobronchial (re-tro-brong'ke-al). Behind the 
bronchi. 
retrobuccal (re-tro-buk'al). Pertaining to the 
back part of the mouth. 
retrobulbar (re-tro-bul'bar) [L. re'tro back 4- 
bul'bus bulb]. Situated or occurring behind the 
pons or behind the eyeball. 
retrocardiac (re-tro-kar'de-ak). Behind the heart, 
retrocatheterism (ret"ro-kath'e-ter-izm). Pass- 
ing of a catheter through a suprapubic opening 
downward through the urethra to the external 
meatus. 
retrocecal (re-tro-se'kal). Behind the cecum. 
retrocedent (re-trd-se'dent) [L. retroce'dens going 
back]. 1. Going back, or returning. 2. Disap- 
pearing from the surface and affecting some in- 
terior organ. 
retrocervical (re-tro-ser'vik-al). Behind the cer- 
vix uteri. 
retrocession (re-tro-sesh'un) [L. retraces'sio]. 1. 
A going backward. 2. The translation of a disease 
from the surface to some interior organ. 
retroclavicular (re-tro-klav-ik'u-lar). Behind the 
clavicle. 
retroclusion (re-tro-klu'zhun) [L. re'tro back 4- 
clau'dere to close]. Closure of a bleeding artery 
by means of a pin passed over, behind, and under 
the vessel. 
retrocolic (re-tro-kol'ik). Behind the colon. 
retrocollic (re-tro-kol'lik) [L. re'tro backward 4- 
col'lum neck]. Pertaining to the back of the 
neck. 
retrocollis (re-tro-kol'lis) [L. re'tro backward 4- 
col'lis neck]. Spasmodic wry-neck in which the 
head is drawn directly backward. 
retrocursive (ret-ro-ker'siv) [L. ret'ro back 4- curro 
to run]. Marked by stepping backward, as retro- 
cursive epilepsy. 
retrodeviation (re"tro-de-ve-a'shun). A general 
term inclusive of retroversion, retroflexion, ret- 
roposition, etc. 
retrodisplacement (re"tro-dis-plas'ment). A 
backward displacement. RETRODURAL 
950 
REVULSION 
retrodural (ret-ro-du'ral). Behind the dura mater, 
retro-esophageal (re"tro-es-of-a'je-al). Situated 
or occurring behind the esophagus. 
retroflexed (re'tro-flekst) [L. re'tro backward + 
flex?us bent]. Bent backward; in a state of re- 
troflexion. 
retroflexion (re-tro-flek'shun) [L. retroflex'io]. 
The bending of an organ so that its top is thrust 
back. 
retrogasserian (ret-ro-gas-e're-an). Pertaining to 
the posterior root of the gasserian ganglion, as ret- 
rogasserian neurotomy. 
retrograde (re'tro-grad) [L. re'tro backward + 
gra'di to go]. Going backward; retracing a former 
course; catabolic, r. embolism, embolism in 
which the embolus has passed in a direction op- 
posite to that of the blood-stream. 
retrography (re-trog'raf-e) [L. re'tro backward + 
Gr. ypaipetv to write]. Same as mirror-writing. 
retrogression (ret-ro-gresh'un) [L. re'tro backward 
+ gra'di to walk]. 1. Degeneration. 2. Cata- 
bolism. 
retro-infection (ret-ro-in-fek'shun). Infection of 
the mother by the fetus in utero. 
retro-insular (re-tro-in'su-lar) [L. re'tro back- 
ward + insu'la island]. Situated or occurring 
behind the insula. 
retro-iridian (re"tro-i-rid'e-an). Behind the iris. 
retrojection (re-tro-jek'shun) [L. re'tro backward 
+ ja'cere to throw]. The washing out of a cavity 
by an injected fluid. 
retrojector (re-tro-jek'tor). An instrument used in 
washing out the uterus. 
retrolabyrinthine (ret"ro-lab-er-in'then). Be- 
hind the labyrinth of the ear. 
retrolingual (re-tro-ling'wal). Behind the tongue, 
retromammary (re-tro-mam'a-re) [L. re'tro back 
+ mam'ma breast]. Situated or occurring behind 
the mammary gland. 
retromandibular (ret"ro-man-dib'u-lar). Behind 
the mandible or lower jaw. 
retromastoid (re-tro-mas'toid). Situated behind 
the mastoid process. 
retronasal (re-tro-na'zal) [L. re'tro behind + 
na'sus nose]. Situated or occurring behind the 
nose. 
retro-ocular (re-tro-ok'u-lar) [L. re'tro back + 
oc'ulus eye]. Situated or occurring behind the 
eye. 
retroperitoneal (re"tro-per-it-o-ne'al) [L. re'tro 
back + peritoneum]. Situated behind the peri- 
toneum. 
retroperitonitis (re"tro-per-it-o-ni'tis). Inflam- 
mation in the retroperitoneal space. 
retropharyngeal (re"tro-far-in'je-al) [L. re'tro 
back + pharyngeal]. Situated or occurring be- 
hind the pharynx. 
retropharynx (re-tro-far'inks). The posterior part 
of the pharynx. 
retropituitol (ret"ro-pit-u'it-ol). A proprietary 
fluid extract from the posterior lobes of the pituitary 
glands of young oxen. 
retroplacental (re"tro-pla-sen'tal). Situated or 
occurring behind the placenta. 
retroposed (re-tro-pozd') [L. re'tro backward + 
pos'itus placed]. Displaced backward. 
retroposition (re"tro-po-zish'un). 1. Backward 
displacement. 2. Reposition. 
/■etropulsion (re-tro-pul'shun) [L. re'tro back + 
pel'lere to drive]. 1. A driving back, as of the 
fetal head in labor. 2. A tendency to walk back- 
ward, as in some cases of locomotor ataxia. 
retrorectal fre-tro-rek'tal). Behind the rectum. 
retrospection (re-tro-spek'shun) [L. re'tro back- 
ward + spiff ere to look]. Morbid exercise of the 
memory. 
retrostalsis (re-tro-stal'sis). Reversed or back- 
ward peristaltic action. 
retrosternal (re-tro-ster'nal) [L. re'tro back + 
sternum]. Situated or occurring behind the 
sternum. 
retrosymphyseal (re"tro-sim-fiz'e-al). Behind the 
symphysis. 
retro tarsal (re-tro-tar'sal). Situated behind the 
tarsus of the eye.. 
retro-uterine (re-tro-u'ter-in) [L. re'tro back + 
u'terus womb]. Situated or occurring behind 
the uterus. 
retrovaccination (re"tro-vak-sin-a'shun). The 
inoculation of a heifer with vaccine virus from a 
human subject; also vaccination with virus ob- 
tained from a cow which has been previously 
thus inoculated. 
retrovaccine (ret-ro-vak'sen). Vaccine virus ob- 
tained by inoculating a calf with vaccine virus 
from a human subject. 
retroversioflexion (re"tro-ver-se-o-flek'shun). 
Retroversion combined with retroflexion. ■ 
retroversion (re-tro-ver'shun) [L. retrover'sio; 
re'tro back + ver'sio turning]. The tipping of 
an entire organ backward. 
retro verted (re-tro-ver'ted). In a condition of 
retroversion. 
retrusion (re-tru'zhun) [L. reback + tru'dere to 
shove]. Malposition of a tooth in which it occupies 
a position posterior to the line of occlusion. 
Retzius' cavity, fibers, ligament, space, 
veins, etc. (ret'ze-us) [Anders Adolf Retzius, 
Swedish anatomist, 1796-1860]. See the nouns. 
Retzius' foramen, striae (ret'ze-us) [Magnus 
Gustav Retzius, Swedish histologist, 1842-1919]. 
See foramen and stria. 
reunient (re-un'yent) [L. re- again 4- uni're to 
unite]. Effecting the union of divided parts. 
reuniol (re-u'ne-ol). An alcohol from oil of gera- 
nium, especially from a kind brought from the island 
of Reunion. It has a rose-like odor. 
Reuss's test (rois'ez). See under tests. 
revaccination (re"vak-sin-a'shun). A second 
vaccination. 
revellent (re-vel'ent) [L. re- back + vel'lere to 
draw]. Causing revulsion; revulsive. 
Reverdin's operation (ra-vehr-danz') [Jacques 
Louis Reverdin, surgeon at Geneva, 1842-1908]. 
See operation. 
reversion (re-ver'shun) [L. re- back + ver'sio turn- 
ing]. In genetics, inheritance from some remote 
ancestor of a character which has not been mani- 
fest for several generations. Cf. atavism. 
revertose (re-ver'tos). A disaccharid formed by the 
action of maltase on very concentrated solutions 
of glucose. 
Revilliod's sign (ra-ve-yoz') [Henri Revilliod 
contemporary Swiss physician]. See under sign' 
revivescence (re-vi-ves'ens) [L. revives'cere to 
revive], 1. The renewal of vital activities. 2. The 
reappearance of a local (cutaneous) reaction on the 
subcutaneous administration of tuberculin to a 
patient who has previously had a diagnostic 
(cutaneous) tuberculin test. Called also recurrent 
reaction. 
revivification (re-viv"if-ik-a'shun) [L. re- again 
+ vi'vus alive + fa'cere to make]. The paring or 
refreshing of diseased surfaces to promote their 
union. 
revolute (rev'o-lut). Turned back or curled back, 
revulsant (re-vul'sant) [L. revul'sans], Same as 
revulsive. 
revulseur (re-vul-ser') [Fr.]. An instrument used 
in the performance of baunscheidtism. 
revulsion (re-vul'shun) [L. revul'sio; from re- 
back + vel'lere to draw]. The derivation of blood 
from a diseased part to another part. REVULSIVE 
951 
RHEUM 
revulsive (re-vul'siv) [L. re- back + vel'lere to 
pull]. 1. Effecting a revulsion. 2. A derivative 
agent or medicine. 
rexotan (rek'so-tan). Methylene-tannin-urea, 
used in intestinal catarrh. 
R. F. A. Abbreviation for right fronto-anterior 
position of the fetus. 
R. F. P. An abbreviation for right fr onto posterior 
position of the fetus. 
Rh. The chemical symbol of rhodium. 
Rhabditis (rab-di'tis) [Gr. pa^bos rod], A genus 
of minute nematode worms of the family Anguil- 
ulidae, living mostly in damp earth, but occa- 
sionally found in man. R. genita lis some- 
times occurs in the urinary organs. R. hom'inis, 
a viviparous parasite found in the feces of school 
children in Korea. R. intestina'lis and R. 
niel'lyi also infest the human subject. 
rhabdoid (rab'doid) [Gr. pd^bos rod 4- eibos form]. 
Rod-shaped. 
rhabdomyoblastoma (rab"do-mi"o-blas-to'mah) 
[Gr. pa0bos rod 4- pvs muscle 4- ^daros cell 4- 
wpa tumor]. A tumor the cells of which tend to 
differentiate into striated muscle-cells. 
rhabdomyochondroma (rab"do-mi"o-kon-dro'- 
mah). A mixed chondroma and rhabdomyoma. 
rhabdomyoma (rab"do-mi-o'mah) [Gr. pa/3bos 
rod 4- myoma], A myoma composed of striated 
muscular fibers: called also myoma striocellulare. 
rhabdomyomyxoma (rab"do-mi"o-mik-so'mah). 
A myxoma and rhabdomyoma. 
rhabdomyosarcoma (rab"do-mi"o-sar-ko'mah). 
A combined sarcoma and rhabdomyoma. 
rhabdonema (rab-do'ne-mah). Same as rhab- 
ditis. 
rhabdophobia (rab-do-fo'be-ah) [Gr. pa^bos rod 4- 
<pb0os fear]. Morbid dread of a stick or of a beat- 
ing. 
rhachialgia (ra-ke-al'je-ah), and other words in 
rhach-. See rachialgia, etc. 
rhachisan (ra'ke-san). A proprietary food for 
rickets, made of cod-liver oil, iodin, lecithin- 
nuclein, manna, etc. 
rhacoma (ra-ko'mah) [Gr. paKoeiv to rend]. 1. An 
excoriation or rent of the skin. 2. A pendulous 
scrotum. 
rhsebocrania (re-bo-kra'ne-ah) [Gr. pathos crooked 
4- Kpavlov skull]. Torticollis, or wry-neck. 
rhaeboscelia (re-bo-se'le-ah) [Gr. pathos crooked 
4- aieeXos leg]. Bow-leg, or knock-knee. 
rhaebosis, rhebosis (re-bo'sis) [Gr. pac^bs 
crooked]. Crookedness of the legs or of any 
normally straight part. 
rhagades (rag'ad-ez) [Gr. pl. of payds rent]. 
Clefts, chaps, or excoriations in the skin, espe- 
cially those of the anus. 
rhagadiform (rag-ad'if-orm) [Gr. pay as rent 4- L. 
for'ma shape]. Fissured; containing cracks. 
rhagiocrin (raj'e-o-krin). A clasmatocyte. 
Rham. cat. Abbreviation for Rham'nus cathar'tica. 
rhamnin (ram'nin). A proprietary fluidextract 
of Rham'nus fran'gula: it is aperient. 
rhamnose (ram'nos). A methylpentose, CH3- 
(CHOHjiCHO, sometimes found in the urine; it 
is dextrorotatory. 
rhamnosid (ram'no-sid). A glucosid which on hy- 
drolysis yields rhamnose. 
rhamnoxanthin (ram-no-zan'thin). A crystal- 
line principle from Rham'nus fran'gula: said to 
be identical with cascarin. 
Rhamnus (ram'nus) [L.; Gr. papvos], A genus of 
rhamnaceous trees and shrubs, often with a pur- 
gative bark and fruit. Among them are R. 
cathar'tica, or buckthorn; R. purshia'na, cascara 
sagrada (q. v.), and R. fran'gula. See cascara 
sagrada and Frangula. R. cro'ceus is a species 
of buckthorn* with edible red fruit, the excessive 
use of which tinges the skin red. 
rhaphania (raf-a'ne-ah). See raphania. 
Rhaphanus (raf'an-us) [L. " radish "]. A genus 
of cruciferous plants: radishes; also the homeo- 
pathic preparation of the root of the black garden 
radish, R. sati'va. 
rhaphe (ra'fe). Same as raphe. 
rhapontic (rah-pon'tik) [Gr. pa rhubarb + ttoptl- 
kov Pontic], i. Pertaining to rhubarb. 2. Rhu- 
barb. 
rhatany (rat'an-e) [Pg. ratan'hia]. Same as 
krameria. 
Rhazes (ra'zes). An Arabian physician, 850-932 
A. D., the author of nearly 200 medical writings, 
most of which have been lost. 
rheadin (re'ad-in). A principle, C21H21NO8, from 
opium. 
rheantin (re-an'tin). A proprietary antigonococcic 
vaccine for inoculation through the gastro-intestinal 
tract. 
rhebocra'nia. See rhcebocrania. 
rhebosce'lia. See rhceboscelia. 
rhebo'sis. See rhabosis. 
rhegma (reg'mah) [Gr. p^ypa rent]. A rupture, 
rent, or fracture. 
rhe in (re'in) [L. rhe'um rhubarb]. See chryso- 
phanic acid, under acid. 
rhembasmus (rem-baz'mus) [Gr. pep^aapos]. 1. 
Mental wandering or distraction. 2. Wavering 
or morbid indecision. 
rheobasis (re-ob'as-is) [Gr. peos current + (da-ais 
step]. The intensity of a constant current of 
abrupt start and prolonged duration; giving the 
fundamental threshold of excitation (L. Lapicque, 
1909). 
rheochord (re'o-kord) [Gr. peos current + x°P^V 
chord]. Same as rheostat. 
rheometer (re-om'et-er) [Gr. peos current + pe- 
rpov measure]. 1. See galvanometer. 2. An 
instrument for measuring the velocity of the 
blood-current. 
rheonome (re'o-nbm) [Gr. peos current 4- vepeiv 
to distribute]. An apparatus for determining the 
effect of irritation on a nerve. 
rheophore (re'o-for) [Gr. peos current + <pbpecv to 
carry]. Same as electrode. 
rheoscope (re'o-skop) [Gr. peos current + vKoTre'iv 
to view]. An instrument for detecting the pres- 
ence of an electric current. 
rheoscopic frog (re-o-skop'ik). See frog. 
rheostat (re'o-stat) [Gr. peos current 4- lardvac to 
place]. An appliance for regulating the resist- 
ance in an electric current. 
rheotachygraphy (re"o-tak-ig'raf-e) [Gr. peos cur- 
rent 4- raxvs swift + ypdipetv to record]. The 
photographic record of the curve of variation in 
experiments upon the electromotive action of 
muscles. 
rheotaxis (re-o-tak'sis) [Gr. peos current 4- rd^is 
arrangement]. The phenomenon of a body moving 
in a direction contrary to the current of the fluid in 
which it lies. 
rheotome (re'o-tom) [Gr. peos current + repveiv to 
cut]. A device in a faradic battery for inter- 
rupting the current. 
rheotrope (re'o-trop) [Gr. peos current 4- Tpiiretv 
to turn]. An instrument for reversing an elec- 
tric current. 
rheotropism (re-ot'ro-pizm) [see rheotrope], Rheo- 
taxis. 
rhestocythemia, rhsestocythemia (res"to-si- 
the'me-ah) [Gr. paietv to break, ruin + kvtos cell 
+ al pa blood]. The occurrence of broken-down 
red corpuscles in the blood. 
Rheum (re'um) [L.; Gr. ^ov]. A genus of cathar- 
tic polygonaceous plants. See rhubarb. 
rheum, rheuma (rum, rum'ah) [Gr. pevpa flux]. 
Any watery or catarrhal discharge, epidemic 
r., influenza, salt-r., eczema. RHEUMACILATE 
952 
RHINITIS 
rheumacilate (ru-mas'il-at). Methyl salicylate: 
a proprietary remedy for rheumatism. 
rheumagon (ru'mag-on). A proprietary remedy 
for rheumatism and gout. It contains sodium 
iodid and phosphate, and is used externally and 
internally in rheumatism and syphilis. Dose, 
30 min. (2 c.c.). 
rheumapyra, rheumatopyra (ru-map-i'rah, ru"- 
mat-o-pi'rah) [Gr. pevpa. flux + icvp fire]. Acute 
rheumatism; rheumatic fever. 
rheumarthritis, rheumarthrosis (ru-mar-thri'- 
tis, ru-mar-thro'sis) [Gr. peypa. flux + apOpov 
joint]. Rheumatism of the joints. 
rheumasan (ru'mas-an). A preparation of sali- 
cylic acid and superfatted soap: used as an ap- 
plication in gout. 
rheumatalgia (ru-mat-arje-ah) [Gr. pevpa flux + 
aXyos pain]. Chronic rheumatic pain. 
rheumatic (ru-mat'ik) [Gr. pevparmbs]. Pertain- 
ing to or affected with rheumatism. 
rheumatin (ru'mat-in). 1. A proprietary anti- 
lithic and sorbefacient remedy containing sodium 
iodid and sodium phosphate. 2. A salicylate of 
the salicylic acid ester of quinin; a tasteless white 
powder, slightly soluble in water, and used in rheu- 
matism. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). Called also 
saloquinin salicylate. 
rheumatisant (ru-mat'iz-ant). A person subject 
to rheumatism. 
rheumatism (ru'mat-izm) [L. rheumatis'mus; Gr. 
pevparurpos]. A constitutional disease marked 
by inflammation of the connective-tissue struc- 
tures of the body, especially the muscles and 
joints, and attended by pain in the joints or 
muscles. It is usually recurrent, and is often 
due to exposure, apoplectic r., rheumatism 
associated with cerebral apoplexy, articular r., 
acute, an infectious disease of uncertain causa- 
tion, attended with fever, sour sweat, scanty, high- 
colored urine containing a large amount of urea, 
and swelling of the joints from exudation into 
their cavities and infiltration around them. The 
symptoms pass from one joint to another, and 
recurrence is apt to take place. The inflammation 
may spread to other structures or organs, especially 
to the heart. Called also inflammatory r., acute 
rheumatic arthritis, and rheumatic fever, articular 
r., chronic, a form of chronic joint inflammation 
attended by moderate pain and producing pro- 
gressive deformity by a combined hypertrophy 
and atrophy of cartilage and bone and nodular 
ossification of the soft structures. Called also 
rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis deformans, osteo- 
arthritis, and chronic r. Besnier's r., chronic 
arthrosynovitis. cerebral r., acute rheumatic 
fever marked by chorea, delirium, convulsions, and 
coma, gonorrheal r., acute articular rheu- 
matism associated with gonorrheal urethritis, 
and frequently producing ankylosis of the joints. 
T. of the heart, rheumatism affecting the heart, 
due to spread of acute articular rheumatism, and 
producing valvular disease. Heberden's r., 
rheumatism of the finger-joint, marked by the for- 
mation of nodosities, inflammatory r. See 
acute articular r. MacLeod's capsular r., a 
rheumatoid arthritis with effusion into the synovial 
capsules, bursae, and sheaths, muscular r., a 
painful affection of the voluntary muscles and their 
fibrous structures. It may or may not be attended 
with constitutional symptoms, nodose r. 1. 
Articular rheumatism with the formation of nod- 
ules in the region of the joints. 2. Arthritis de- 
formans. subacute r., a mild but obstinately 
protracted form of rheumatism, trench r., a 
painful myositis of the back and legs affecting sol- 
diers in the trenches, tuberculous r., an in- 
flammatory state of the joints due to the toxins of 
tuberculosis, visceral r., that which involves a 
viscus, more commonly the heart or pericardium. 
rheumatismal (ru-mat-iz'mal). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of rheumatism. 
rheumatocelis (ru"mat-o-ke'lis) [rheumatic + Gr. 
K-qXls spot]. Purpura rbeumatica. 
rheumatoid (ru'mat-oid) [Gr. pevpa. flux + el6os 
form]. Resembling rheumatism, r. arthritis, 
chronic articular rheumatism. See rheumatism. 
rheumatol (ru'mat-ol). A proprietary liniment 
for rheumatism. 
rheumatopyra (ru"mat-o-pi'rah). Same as rheu- 
mapyra. 
rheumatosis (ru-mat-o'sis). Any disorder attrib- 
uted to rheumatic origin. 
rheumic (ru'mik). Pertaining to a rheum or flux, 
rhexis (rek'sis) [L.; Gr. p^cs]. The rupture of 
an organ or a vessel. 
rhigolene (rig'o-len) [Gr. ply os cold]. A light, in- 
flammable petroleum distillate composed of 
butane and other volatile hydrocarbons. It evapo- 
rates rapidly, producing a lowering of the tem- 
perature of the surface from which it evaporates. 
It is used as a local freezing anesthetic for minor 
surgical operations. 
rhinal (ri'nal) [Gr. pls nose]. Pertaining to the nose, 
rhinalgia (ri-nal'je-ah) [Gr. pls nose + aXyos pain]. 
Pain in the nose. 
rhinalgin (ri-nal'jin) [Gr. pls nose + aXyos pain]. 
An antiseptic and analgesic preparation of alum- 
nol, oil of valerian, menthol, and cocoa-butter: 
used in affections of the nose and eyes. 
rhinalum (ri-nal'um). A proprietary alum prep- 
aration for diseases of the nose. 
rhincospasm (ring'ko-spazm). A spasmodic 
snoring during waking hours. 
rhinedema, rhinoedema (ri-ne-de'mah) [Gr. pls 
nose + edema]. Edema of the nose; dropsy 
of the nose. 
rhinencephalia (ri"nen-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. pls nose 
+ eyKtupaXos brain]. A monstrosity with a nose 
like a proboscis. 
rhinencephalon (ri-nen-sef'al-on) [Gr. pls nose + 
eyKe<paXos brain]. The olfactory portion of the 
brain. 
rhinencephalus (ri-nen-sef'al-us). Rhinocepha- 
lus. 
rhinenchysis (ri-nen'kis-is) [Gr. pls nose + eyxciv 
to pour in]. Injection of a medicinal fluid into 
the nose. 
rhinesthesia (ri-nes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. pls nose + 
alv0r)ais sensation]. The sense of smell. 
rhineurynter (rin-u-rin'ter) [Gr. pls nose + evpii- 
veiv to widen], A dilatable rubber bag for distend- 
ing a nostril. 
rhinion (rin'e-on) [Gr. pcvlov nostril]. The lower 
end of the suture between the nasal bones. 
rhinism (ri'nizm) [Gr. pls nose]. The so-called 
nasal quality of voice. 
rhinitis (ri-ni'tis) [Gr. pis nose]. Inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the nose, acute 
catarrhal r., coryza, or cold in the head; an 
acute congestion of the mucous membrane of the 
nose, marked by dryness, followed by increased 
mucous secretion from the membrane, impeded 
respiration through the nose, and some pain, 
atrophic r., a chronic form marked by wasting 
of the mucous membrane and the glands, r. 
caseo'sa, rhinitis with a caseous, gelatinous, and 
fetid discharge, chronic catarrhal r., a form 
characterized by hypertrophy and later by atrophy 
of the mucous and submucous tissues, croupous 
r. See fibrinous r. fibrinous T., a form charac- 
terized by the development of a false membrane. 
Called also croupous r. gangrenous r., 
cancrum nasi, hypertrophic r., a form in 
which the mucous membrane thickens and swells, 
membranous r., chronic rhinitis with the forma- 
tion of a membranous exudate, pseudomem- 
branous r., a form in which the inflamed region 
is covered with an opaque exudation, purulent r., chronic rhinitis with the formation of pus. 
scrofulous r. Same as tuberculous r. r. 
sic'ca, a variety of atrophic rhinitis in which the 
secretion is entirely absent, syphilitic r., a 
variety caused by syphilis, and marked by ulcera- 
tion, caries of the bone, and a fetid discharge, 
tuberculous r., a variety due to tuberculosis, 
and attended with ulceration, caries of the bone, 
and ozena, vasomotor r., hay-fever. 
rhino-antritis (ri"no-an-tri'tis) [Gr. pls nose 4- 
antrum 4- Gr. -ins inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the nasal cavity and the antrum of Highmore. 
rhinobyon (ri-no'be-on) [Gr. pls nose 4- ^veiv to 
plug]. A nasal tampon. 
rhinocanthectomy (ri"no-kan-thek'to-me). Same 
as rhinommectomy. 
rhinocaul (ri'no-kawl) [Gr. pls nose 4- KavXos 
stalk]. The peduncle of an olfactory bulb. 
rhinocele (ri'no-sel). See rhinoccele. 
Rhinoceph'alus annula'tus. Same as Boophilus 
bovis. 
rhinocephalus (ri-no-sef'al-us) [Gr. pls nose 4- 
KetpaXv head]. A monster-fetus with a nose like 
a head. 
rhinochiloplasty (ri-no-ki'lo-plas-te) [Gr. pls nose 
4- xeiXos lip 4~ irXacraeiv to form]. Plastic surgery 
of the nose and lip. 
rhinocleisis (ri-no-kli'sis) [Gr. pls nose 4- KXeiais 
closure]. Obstruction of the nasal passages. 
rhinoccele (ri'no-sel) [Gr. pis nose 4- KoiXia hollow]. 
The ventricle of the olfactory lobe of the brain. 
rhinoculin (ri-nok'u-lin). A proprietary anesthetic 
ointment for use in hay-fever. 
rhinodacryolith (ri-no-dak're-o-lith) [Gr. pls nose 
4- SaKpvov tear 4~ Xl9os stone]. A lacrimal con- 
cretion in the nasal duct. 
rhino dynia (ri-no-din'e-ah) [Gr. pls nose 4- obvwr) 
pain]. Pain in the nose. 
rhinogenous (ri-noj'en-us) [Gr. pls nose 4- vewap 
to produce]. Arising in the nose. 
rhinol (ri'nol). A proprietary snuff for hay-fever 
and coryza, containing borated suprarenin, cocain, 
and antiseptics. 
rhinolalia (ri-no-la'le-ah) [Gr. pls nose 4- XaXia 
speech], A nasal quality of voice due to some 
disease or defect of the nasal passages, r. aper'- 
ta, that which is caused by undue patency of the 
posterior nares, r. clau'sa, that which is due to 
undue closure of the nasal passages. 
rhinolaryngitis (ri"no-lar-in-ji'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the mucous membrane of the nose and 
larynx. 
rhinolaryngology (ri"no-lar-in-gol'o-je) [Gr. pls 
nose 4" Xapvy^ larynx 4- X6yos treatise]. The sum 
of knowledge concerning the nose and larynx and 
their diseases. 
rhino lin (ri'no-lin). A disinfectant and analgesic 
proprietary remedy. 
rhinolite, rhinolith (ri'no-llt, ri'no-lith) [Gr. pls 
nose 4- XIOos stone]. A nasal stone or concretion. 
rhinolithiasis (ri"no-lith-i'as-is). A condition 
associated with the formation of rhinoliths. 
rhinologist (ri-nol'o-jist). An expert in the knowl- 
edge and treatment of diseases of the nose. 
rhinology (ri-nol'o-je) [Gr. pls nose 4- Xoyos trea- 
tisej. The sum of knowledge regarding the nose 
and its diseases. 
rhinomanometer (ri"no-man-om'et-er) [Gr. pls 
nose 4- manometer], A manometer for measuring 
the amount of nasal obstruction. 
rhinometaplasty (ri-no-met'ap-las-te). Rhino- 
plasty. 
rhinometer (ri-nom'et-er) [Gr. pls nose 4- perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the nose 
or its cavities. 
rhinomiosis (ri"no-mi-o'sis) [Gr. pls nose 4- pelw- 
ais diminution]. Operative reduction of the size of 
the nose. 
RHINO-ANTRITIS 
953 
rhinommectomy (ri-nom-ek'to-me) [Gr. pcs nose 
+ oppa eye 4" eKropij excision]. Excision of the 
inner canthus of the eye. 
rhinonecrosis (ri"no-ne-kro'sis) [Gr. pcs nose 4- 
necrosis]. Necrosis of the nasal bones. 
rhinopharyngeal (ri"no-far-in'je-al). Same as 
nasopharyngeal. 
rhinopharyngitis (ri"no-far-in-ji'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the nasopharynx, r. mu'tilans. See 
gangosa. 
rhinopharyngocele (ri"no-far-ing'o-sel). A tumor, 
usually an aerocele, of the nasopharynx. 
rhinopharyngolith (ri"no-far-ing'o-lith) [Gr. pls 
nose + <papvy^ pharynx + XIOos stone]. Cal- 
culus of the nasal pharynx. 
rhinopharynx (ri-no-far'inks). Same as naso- 
pharynx. 
rhinophonia (ri-no-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. pls nose 4- <pwvri 
voice]. A nasal twang or quality of voice. 
rhinophyma (ri-no-fi'mah) [Gr. pls nose 4- <pDpa 
growth]. A nodular swelling and congestion of 
the nose. 
rhinoplasty (ri'no-plas-te) [Gr. pls nose + srXaa- 
aeiv to form]. The formation of a new nose 
out of tissue derived from another part. Car- 
pue'sr., Indian rhinoplasty, dactylocostal r., 
the use of the finger and a costal cartilage to fur- 
nish material for plastic repair of the nose. Eng- 
lish r., that in which a.nose is formed out of flaps 
from the cheeks. Indian r., the formation of a 
nose from a flap taken from the forehead. Italian 
r., tagliacotian r., the making of a nose out of 
the flesh of the arm. 
rhinopolypus (ri-no-pol'ip-us) [Gr. pls nose 4- 
polypus]. A nasal polypus. 
rhinoptia (ri-nop'she-ah). Internal strabismus. 
rhinoreaction (ri-no-re-ak'shun). The nasal tu- 
berculin reaction; an exudation appearing on the 
nasal mucous membrane after the application 
thereto of a solution of tuberculin in patients 
affected with tuberculosis. Called also Moel- 
ler's reaction. 
rhinorrhagia (ri-nor-a'je-ah) [Gr. pls nose 4- pi)y- 
vwai to burst forth]. Nose-bleed; epistaxis. 
rhinorrhaphy (ri-nor'af-e) [Gr. pls nose + paw 
suture]. An operation for epicanthus performed 
by excising a fold of skin from the nose and closing 
the opening with sutures. 
rhinorrhea, rhinorrhoea (ri-nor-e'ah) [Gr. pls 
nose 4- pola flow]. The free discharge of a thin 
nasal mucus, cerebrospinal r., discharge of 
cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. 
rhino salpingitis (ri"no-sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. pls nose 
+ aaXiriy^ tube + -iris inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the nasal mucosa and the eustachian tube. 
rhinosclerin (ri-no-skle'rin). A preparation de- 
rived from cultures of the bacillus of rhinoscle- 
roma: used in treating that disease. 
rhinoscleroma (ri"no-skle-ro'mah) [Gr. pls nose 
4- anXypupa a hard swelling]. A form of indu- 
rated growth of the skin and mucous membrane 
of the nose. The growth is of the nature of 
granulation tissue, and forms hard patches or 
nodules, which tend to increase in size and are 
painful on pressure. The disease is ascribed to 
the presence of the Bacterium rhinoscleromatis. 
rhinoscope (ri'no-skop) [Gr. pls nose 4- aKoireiv to 
view]. A speculum for use in nasal examinations. 
rhinoscopic (ri-no-skop'ik). Pertaining to rhi- 
noscopy. 
rhinoscopy (ri-nos'ko-pe). The examination of 
the nasal passages, either through the anterior 
nares {anterior ri) or through the nasopharynx 
{posterior r.). median r., examination of the 
nasal cavity and the openings of the ethmoid cells, 
etc., by means of a long nasal speculum. 
rhinosporidiosis (ri"no-spo-rid-e-o'sis). The con- 
dition produced by Rhinosporidium in the nasal 
cavity. 
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS RHINOSPORIDIUM KINEALYI 
954 
RHUBARB 
Rhinosporid'ium kineal'yi. A sporozoan para- 
site found in tumors of the septum nasi of natives 
of India. 
rhinostegnosis, rhinostenosis (ri"no-steg-no'- 
sis, ri"no-sten-o'sis) [Gr. pls nose + oTpyvwais, 
oTevuoes obstruction]. Obstruction of a nasal 
passage. 
Rhipicephalus (ri-pis-ef'al-us) [Gr. pciris fan + 
KtipaXp head]. A genus of cattle-ticks, species 
of which are the agents in transmitting the piro- 
plasma of cattle fever and other disease. R. 
annula'tus, transmits the Piroplas'ma bigem'- 
inum of Texas fever. R. appendicula'tus, the 
brown tick, transmits the Piroplas'ma par'vum of 
East African Coast fever. R. bur'sa, transmits 
the Piroplas'ma o'vis, which causes icterohematuria 
of sheep. R. sanguin eus, a species found on 
many domestic animals. It transmits Piroplasma 
canis. R. si'mus, the black pitted tick, a species 
which transmits the Piroplas'ma par'vum (Theile'- 
ria par'va) of East African Coast fever. 
rhizagra (ri-zag'rah) [Gr. pl fa root + ay pa seiz- 
ure]. An ancient forceps for the roots of teeth. 
Rhizobium (ri-zo'be-um) A genus of bacterial 
organisms. They are minute, aerobic, motile rods 
found in nodules on the roots of plants with which 
they are symbiotic and without which the plants 
do not thrive. They are able to "fix" atmospheric 
nitrogen. R. radicic'ola, the organism that 
causes the formation of root nodules on the legu- 
minous plants. 
rhizodontropy (ri-zo-don'tro-pe) [Gr. plfa root + 
bbovs tooth + t poirp pivot]. The fixation of an 
artificial crown upon the natural root of a tooth. 
rhizodontrypy (ri-zo-don'trip-e) [Gr. plfa root + 
bbovs tooth -j- Tpv-n-r] hole]. The perforation of the 
root of a tooth for the discharge of morbid fluids. 
Rhizog'lyphus parasit'icus. A mite which 
lives on the ground in India and causes sore feet. 
rhizoid, rhizoidal (ri'zoid, ri-zoi'dal) [Gr. pi^a a 
root + ethos form]. Root-like; resembling a root, 
rhizome (ri-zom') [L. rhizo'ma; Gr. ptfupa root- 
stem]. The subterraneous root-stalk of a plant. 
rhizomelic (ri-zo-mel'ik) [Gr. pl fa root + peXos 
limb]. Pertaining to or involving the hip- and 
shoulder-joints. 
rhizoneure (ri'zo-nur) [Gr. plfa root + vevpov 
nerve]. A nerve-cell which forms a nerve-root. 
rhizoplast (ri'zo-plast) [Gr. plfa root + TrXaoTos 
formed]. The root of the flagellum of a protozoan, 
extending to the nucleus. 
Rhizopoda (ri-zop'o-dah) [Gr. plfa root 4- tfovs 
foot]. A subdivision of the Sarcodi'na, having 
lobose or reticulate pseudopodia, and including the 
amebae. 
Rhizopus (ri-zo'pus). A genus of the Mucoraceae. 
R. ni'ger has been found in mycosis of the nose, 
ear, tongue, and lungs. 
rhizotomist (ri'zot'o-mist). In Greek medicine, a 
vagrant gatherer of medicinal herbs and simples. 
rhizotomy (ri-zot'o-me) [Gr. plfa root + Topp 
a cut]. Surgical division of the posterior roots of 
the spinal nerves for pain or paralysis. Called 
also Dana's operation. 
rhodagen (ro'da-jen). See rodagen. 
rhodallin (ro-dal'in). Same as thiosinamin. 
rhodalzid (ro-dal'zid). A proprietary albumin- 
sulphocyanate preparation: used for treating caries, 
gout, arteriosclerosis, etc. 
rhodan (ro'dan). A salt of sulphocyanic acid 
found in the nasal secretion. 
rhodane (ro'dan). Sodium rhodanid: used in the 
pains of tabes, arteriosclerosis, etc. 
Rhodesian fever (ro-de'zhan). See under fever. 
rhodinol (ro'din-ol). A compound, C10H18O, 
forming artificial or synthetic oil of rose. 
rhodium (ro'de-um) [Gr. pobtos rosy]. A hard and 
rare metal of the platinum group; atomic weight, 
102.9; symbol, Rh; also its homeopathic tritura- 
tion. 
Rhod'nius prolix'us. A South American bug 
which is capable of transmitting Trypanosoma 
cruzi. 
Rhodococcus (ro-do-kok'us) [Gr. pbbov rose + 
coccus]. A genus of bacterial organisms. They 
are aerobic, Gram-negative, saprophytic, and pro- 
duce a red pigment. R. ag'ilis, highly motile 
cocci producing a rosy pigment. R. cinnaba'- 
reus, a species that forms a brick-red pigment. 
R. ro'seus, non-motile cocci forming rose-colored 
pigment. 
rhodocyte (ro'do-sit) [Gr. pbbov rose -|- kotos cell]. 
A red blood-corpuscle. 
rhodogenesis (ro-do-jen'es-is) [Gr. pobou rose + 
yeveacs production]. The restoration of the 
purple tint to rhodopsin after it has become 
bleached by the action of light. 
rhodophane (ro'do-fan) [Gr. pbbov rose + <pa.vbs 
bright]. A red pigment, or chromophane, from 
the retinal cones of birds and fishes. 
rhodophylactic (ro"do-fi-lak'tik). Tending to 
preserve or restore the retinal purple; pertaining to 
rhodophylaxis. 
rhodophylaxis (ro"do-fi-lak'sis) [Gr. pbbov rose + 
tpbXa^is defense]. The supposed property of the 
retinal epithelium of protecting and increasing 
the power of the retinal purple to regain its color 
after bleaching. 
rhodopsin (ro-dop'sin) [Gr. pbbov rose + opts 
vision]. The visual purple: the pigment of the 
outer segment of the retinal rods. 
rhombencephalon (rom-ben-sef'al-on) [Gr. pbp- 
^os rhomb + eyKttpaXos brain]. The portion of 
the brain situated below the isthmus: it includes 
the medulla oblongata and cerebellum. 
rhombo-atloideus (rom"bo-at-loi'de-us). See 
muscles, table of. 
rhomboccele (rom'bo-sel) [Gr. pbp^os rhomb + 
KoCXbs hollow]. The terminal distention of the 
canal of the spinal cord. 
rhomboid (rom'boid) [Gr. pbpfdos rhomb + elbos 
form]. Shaped like a rhomb, or kite. 
rhomboideus (rom-boid'e-us). See muscles, table of 
rhomnol (rom'nol). A proprietary nucleic acid 
derivative of the thymus gland of the calf: used 
in tuberculosis, diabetes, neurasthenia, etc. 
rhonchal, rhonchial (rong'kal, rong'ke-al). Per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a rhonchus. 
rhonchus (rong'kus) [L.; Gr. pbyxos snore], A 
rattling in the throat; also a dry, coarse rale in 
the bronchial tubes, due to a partial obstruction. 
See rale. 
rhotacism (ro'tas-izm) [Gr. pwraKi^eiv to misuse 
the letter r]. The incorrect use or overuse of 
r-sounds; stammering. 
rhotanium (ro-ta'ne-um). A gold-palladium alloy 
said to possess the same physical qualities as 
platinum. 
rhubarb (ru'barb) [L. rhabar'barum wild rhu- 
barb; Gr. pa rhubarb]. The purgative and as- 
tringent root of Rhe'um officina'le (also called 
rhubarb) and of several other species of the same 
genus. Rhubarb contains chrysophanic acid, 
tannic acid, and other principles. It is laxative, 
cholagogue, astringent, and a gastric tonic, and 
is used in constipation from intestinal indigestion, 
diarrhea, and hemorrhoids. Dose of drug (rheum) 
in substance, 2-30 gr. (0.133-2 gm.); of extract, 
5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.); of fluidextract, 15-45 min. 
(1-3 c.c.); of syrup, also of aromatic syrup, 1-4 
fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.); of tincture, 1-8 dr. (4-32 c.c.); of 
aromatic tincture, 30-75 min. (2-5 c.c.); of sweet 
tincture (tinctu'ra rhe'i dul'cis), 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 
c.c.); of wine, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.); of mistu'ra rhe'i 
et so'dee. 1 dr.-r oz. (4-30 c.c.); of compound pills 
(containing also aloes and myrrh), 1-4; of pul'vis rhe'i compos'itus (Gregory's powder), 20-60 gr. 
(1-33-4 gm.). 
Rhuphos (ru'fos). A physician of Ephesus who 
practised at the beginning of the second century 
A. d. He wrote numerous works, of which but 
few have survived. 
Rhus (rus) [L., gen. rho'is]. A genus of anacar- 
diaceous trees and shrubs, many of them poison- 
ous. R. aromat'ica, a shrub of North America, 
is tonic and stimulant in incontinence of urine and 
hematuria. Dose of fluidextract of root-bark, 
5-30 min. (0.3-2 c.c.); of solid extract, 1-5 gr. 
(0.066-0.333 gm.). R. gla'bra, sumac, a non- 
poisonous species, is astringent and refrigerant, 
and is used in aphthae and pharyngitis. Dose of 
fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). R. toxicoden'- 
dron, or poison-oak, a poisonous species of sumac. 
The leaves or juice, when applied to the skin, cause 
a severe dermatitis and internal poisoning: used 
principally for rheumatism and in homeopathic 
practice. Dose of fluidextract, Jq-i min. (0.006- 
0.066 c.c.); of tincture, 1-6 min. (0.066-0.4 c.c.). 
R. venenata, swamp-sumac, or poison-sumac, is 
poisonous. 
rhusin (ru'sin). A powdered concentration pre- 
pared from the bark of Rhus gla'bra: astringent. 
Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.06-0.13.gm.). 
rhyostomaturia (ri"o-sto-mat-u're-ah) [Gr. pvas 
fluid + arbpa mouth + ovpov urine]. The excre- 
tion of urinary elements by the salivary glands. 
rhyparia (ri-pa're-ah) [Gr. pvTrapla filth], Sordes; 
also filth. 
rhypophagy (ri-pof'aj-e) [Gr. pv-n-os filth + 
ipayeiv to eat]. The eating of filth. 
rhypophobia (ri-po-fo'be-ah) [Gr. pbiros filth + 
<po^os fear]. Morbid dread of filth; rupophobia. 
rhythm (rithm) [L. rhythmus; Gr. pvf)pbs\. A 
measured movement; the recurrence of a mo- 
tion at regular intervals, cantering r., a heart 
rhythm resembling the cantering of a horse. It is 
marked by the occurrence of a third sound between 
the normal heart-sounds. Called also bruit de 
galop and Traube's murmur, coupled r., an abnor- 
mal relation between the pulse and heart-beat in 
which every other beat of the heart produces no 
pulse at the wrist, gallop r., cantering rhythm, 
idioventricular r., an automatic rhythm de- 
veloped in the ventricles of the heart in complete 
heart-block, nodal r., heart rhythm initiated by 
the auriculoventricular node of the heart, pendu- 
lum r., alternation in the rhythm of the heart- 
sounds in which the diastolic sound is equal in time, 
character, and loudness to the systolic sound, the 
beat of the heart resembling the tick of a watch. 
It is indicative of commencing weakness of the 
heart, reversed r., a condition of cardiac 
rhythm in which the ventricular beat immediately 
precedes the auricular beat, sinus r., normal 
heart rhythm originating in the sino-auricular node, 
ventricular r., the ventricular contractions 
which occur in cases of complete heart-block. 
rhythmic (rith'mik). Characterized by rhythm. 
rhythmophone (rith'mo-fon) [Gr. pvdpbs rhythm 
+ <pwvij voice]. An instrument for magnifying 
the sounds of the heart-beat. 
rhythmotherapy (rith-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. pvOpbs 
rhythm + Oeparreia treatment]. The use of 
rhythm in treating disease, as the beating of time 
in treating stammering. 
rhytidosis (rit-id-o'sis) [Gr. port boa is; ports wrin- 
kle]. A wrinkling of the cornea; one of the signs 
of approaching death. 
rib (rib) [L. cos'ta]. Any one of the twenty-four 
bones, each of which extends from a vertebra to 
or toward the sternum. The vertebral extremity 
of a rib is called the head; the contracted part 
which adjoins it forms the neck; at the back of 
the rib is the tubercle; farther outward the bone 
bends forward, producing the angle, from which 
proceeds the body, which passes forward and 
RHUPHOS 
955 
downward to the sternal extremity, cervical r., 
a supernumerary rib occurring in the cervical 
region, false r's, the five lower ribs on either 
side, so called because they are not directly con- 
nected with the sternum, floating r., a rib of 
either of the two lowest pairs, connected only 
with the vertebrae, slipping r., abnormal mo- 
bility of the lower intercostal joint. Stiller's r., 
a preternaturally movable tenth rib. true r's, 
the seven upper ribs on either side, which are con- 
nected with the vertebrae and the sternum. Called 
also vertebrosternal r's. typhoid r., osteomyelitis 
of a rib occurring as a sequel of typhoid fever, 
vertebral r. Same as floating r. vertebro- 
costal r's, the three false ribs connected with 
the vertebrae and the costal cartilages, vertebro- 
sternal r's. See true r's. Zahn's r's. See 
lines of Zahn. 
Ribbert's theory (rib'erts) [Moritz Wilhelm Hugo 
Ribbert, German pathologist, 1855-1920]. See 
theory. 
Ribera's method (re-ba'rahz) [Jose Ribera y Sans, 
Spanish surgeon, 1853-1912]. See method. 
Ribes' ganglion (rebz) [Francois Ribes, French 
surgeon, 1800-1864]. See ganglion. 
ribose (ri'bos). A sugar (pentose), C5H10O5, which 
is a constituent of some of the nucleic acids. It 
sometimes occurs in the urine. 
rice (ris). The cereal plant, Ory'za sati'va; also its 
seed or grain. The grain consists mainly of starch, 
and is used as a food and a dusting-powder. 
rice-body. See corpus oryzoideum. 
rice-water stools. See under cholera. 
Richardson's sign (ritsh'ard-sunz) [Sir Benjamin 
Ward Richardson, London physician, 1828-1896]. 
See sign. 
Richet's bandage, fascia (re-shaz') [C. Robert 
Richet, French physiologist, born 1850]. See 
bandage, fascia. 
Richter's hernia (rish'terz) [August Gottlob 
Richter, surgeon in Gottingen, 1742-1812]. See 
hernia. 
ricin (ri'sin) [L. ric'inus castor-oil plant]. 1. A 
.poisonous principle or phytotoxin from the seed of 
the castor-oil plant, Ric'inus commu'nis. It re- 
sembles the bacterial toxins in that injection into 
animals causes the production of an antitoxin. 
2. A proprietary castor-oil preparation. 
ricinin (ris'in-in). A crystallizable alkaloid from 
the castor-oil plant. 
Ricinus (ris'in-us) [L. "tick"]. A genus of euphor- 
biaceous plants. The seeds of R. commu'nis, or 
castor-oil plant, afford castor oil (p'leum ric'ini). 
See castor oil, under oil. The leaves of the castor- 
oil plant are galactagogue. Dose of fluidextract, 
60 min. (4 c.c.). A proprietary purgative fluid- 
extract of the seeds is also prepared. Dose, 15-60 
min. (1-4 c.c.). 
rickets (rik'ets) [L. rachi'tis (q. v.): originally a 
distinct word, but now assimilated in meaning to 
the English word], A constitutional disease of 
infancy (Glisson, 1650) in which the bones become 
soft and flexible from retarded ossification, due to 
deficiency of calcium salts. The disease is marked 
by bending and distortion of the bones under 
muscular action, by the formation of nodular en- 
largements on the ends and sides of the bones, 
by delayed closure of the fontanels, pain in the 
muscles, sweating of the head, and degeneration 
of the liver and spleen. There are often nervous 
affections, feverishness, convulsions, etc. acute 
T., infantile scurvy, adult r., a disease resem- 
bling rickets affecting adults. fat r., a form in 
which the infant is plump and seems well nourished, 
fetal r. See achondroplasia, hemorrhagic 
r., infantile scurvy. See scurvy, late r., adult 
rickets, lean r., rickets with wasting and pro- 
gressive emaciation, scurvy r., infantile scurvy, 
tardy r., a disease of adults somewhat like rickets. 
RICKETS RING 
Ricketts' organism (rik'ets) [Howard Taylor 
Ricketts, American pathologist, 1871-1910]. See 
Rickettsia and organism. 
Rickettsia (rik-et'se-ah) [Howard Taylor Ricketts]. 
A group of minute organisms, possibly bacterial, 
but probably protozoal, found in typhus fever. 
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and trench fever. 
R. corroden'tia is found extracellularly in the 
stomach of the dust louse (Psocidae) and is not 
known to be pathogenic. R. lectula'ria, a non- 
pathogenic form resembling R. prowazeki, found 
in the bedbug (Cimex lectularius). R. meloph'- 
agia, a form found in the sheep louse or tick 
(Melophagus ovinus). It is not pathogenic and 
has been cultivated on glucose blood agar. R. 
pedic'uli is found on normal lice, and may be 
the cause of trench fever. R. prowazek'i is 
found in the epithelial cells of the digestive tract 
of lice which have bitten typhus fever patients. 
It is regarded as the possible cause of typhus fever. 
R. quinta'na, an organism regarded as the pos- 
sible cause of trench fever. 
rickety (rik'et-e). Affected with rickets. 
Ricord's chancre (re-korz') [Philippe Ricord, 
French physician, 1800-1889]. See chancre. 
riders' bone (ri'derz). See under bone. r. ten- 
don. See under tendon. 
ridge (rij). A crest or elevated border, basal r., 
a U-shaped ridge at the base of the posterior sur- 
face of the crown of a tooth: called also cingulum. 
bicipital r's, the edges of the bicipital groove, 
buccocervical r., a ridge in the buccal surface 
of a deciduous molar tooth near the cervix, buc- 
cogingival r., a ridge on the buccal surface of a 
deciduous molar tooth, deltoid r. Same as 
crest, deltoid, dental r's, the projecting borders 
of the dental groove, epicondylic r's, the two 
ridges dividing the anterior and posterior faces of the 
humerus, starting from the condyles, gastroc- 
nemial r., a ridge on the posterior surface of 
the femur for the attachment of the gastroc- 
nemius muscles, gluteair., a ridge on the an- 
terior surface of the femur for the attachment 
of the gluteus maximus muscle. interos- 
seous r., a ridge along the entire length of the 
inner surface of the fibula, linguogingival r., 
a ridge on the lingual surface of the incisor and 
canine teeth near the gums, marginal r's, the 
ridges on the outer margins of the occlusal surfaces 
of molars or bicuspid teeth, mylohyoid r., my- 
lohyoid line. See line, oblique r., the ridge 
running obliquely across the occlusal surface of up- 
per molar teeth, pectoral r., the external bi- 
cipital ridge, pronator r., the ridge on the an- 
terior surface of the ulna, which marks the extent 
of the attachment of the pronator quadratus. 
pterygoid r., a ridge at the angle of junction of 
the temporal and infratemporal surface of the 
great wing of the sphenoid bone, superciliary 
r., supra-orbital r., the prominence of the 
frontal bone over the supra-orbital arch, supple- 
mental r., an abnormal ridge on the surface 
of a tooth, supracondylar r. Same as epicon- 
dylic r. tentorial r., a ridge on the upper inner 
surface of the cranium to which the tentorium is at- 
tached. transverse r., a transverse ridge extend- 
ing across the occlusal surface of a molar tooth, 
trapezoid r., an oblique ridge on the superior sur- 
face of the clavicle.for the attachment of the trape- 
zoid ligament, triangular r., a ridge on the oc- 
clusal surface of a molar tooth from the point of a 
cusp to the center of the crown, wolffian r., a 
prominence in the embryo which develops into the 
wolffian body. 
ridgel, ridgil (rid'gel, -gil). Ridgling. 
ridgling (rij'ling). A man or animal with one 
testicle removed. 
Ridley's sinus (rid'lez) [Henry Ridley, English 
anatomist, 1653-1708]. See sinus. 
Riedel's disease, lobe (re'delz) [Bernhard Moritz 
RICKETTS' ORGANISM 
956 
Carl Ludwig Riedel, surgeon in Jena, 1846-1916]. 
See under disease and lobe. 
Riegel's pulse, symptom, test-meal (re'gelz) 
[Franz Riegel, German physician, born 1843-1904]. 
See pulse, symptom, and test-meal. 
Riga's disease (re'gahz) [Antonio Riga, Italian 
physician]. See under disease. 
Rigal's suture (re-galz') [Joseph Jean Antoine 
Rigal, French surgeon, 1797-1865]. See suture. 
Riggs' disease (rigz) [John M. Riggs, American 
dentist, 1810-1885]. See disease. 
rigidity (rij-id'it-e) [L. rigid'itas; rig'idus stiff]. 
Stiffness or inflexibility, chiefly that which is ab- 
normal or morbid, anatomic r., rigidity of the 
cervix uteri in labor, without pathologic condi- 
tion of the cervix, so that it dilates to only a lim- 
ited extent, beyond which uterine contractions 
are of no avail, cadaveric r., rigor mortis, 
cerebellar r., stiffness of the body and limbs, 
due to a lesion of the middle lobe of the cerebellum, 
clasp-knife r., spastic extension of the leg 
with a motion like that of a clasp-knife, decere- 
brate r., rigidity due to removal of the cerebrum, 
hemiplegic r., rigidity of the paralyzed limbs 
in hemiplegia, pathologic r., rigidity of the 
cervix uteri in labor from some disease, post- 
mortem r., rigor mortis, spasmodic r., rig- 
idity of the cervix uteri, due to spasmodic con- 
traction. 
rigor (ri'gor) [L.]. 1. A chill. 2. Rigidity, acid 
r., coagulation of the protein of muscle produced by 
acids, heat T., rigidity of muscles induced by heat, 
r. mor'tis, the rigidity or stiffening which follows 
after death, due to coagulation of the muscle-plasm, 
r. nervo'rum, tetanus, r. tre'mens, paraly- 
sis agitans. 
rima (ri'mah) [L. pl. ri'mce]. X crack, chink, or 
fissure, r. cornea'lis [B N A], corneal cleft. See 
cleft, r. glot'tidis [B N A], the chink between 
the vocal cords, r. o'ris [B N A], the opening 
of the mouth, r. palpebra rum [B NA], the 
slit between the eyelids, r. puden'di [B N A], 
the space between the labia majora. r. respira- 
to'ria, the space behind the arytenoid cartilages, 
r. vestib'ulae [BNA], the false glottis, r. 
voca'lis, rima glottidis. 
rimal (ri'mal). Pertaining to a rima. 
rimmose (rim'6s) [L. ri'ma crack]. Marked by 
cracks and fissures. 
rimula (rim'u-lah), pl. rim'ulce [L.]. A minute 
fissure, especially of the cord or brain. 
rinderpest (rint'er-pest) [Ger. Rinder cattle + pest 
plague]. The cattle-plague. See under plague. 
Rindersuche (rint'er-soosh-e) [Ger.]. Hemorrhagic 
septicemia in cattle. 
Rindfleisch's cells, folds (rint'flish-ez) [Georg 
Eduard Rindfleisch, German physician, born 1836]. 
See cell and fold. 
ring (ring) [L. an'nulus], Any circular or annular 
organ or area. In chemistry, a collection of atoms 
arranged in a ring. Abbe's r's, catgut rings for 
supporting the ends of intestine to be stitched to- 
gether. abdominal r., external, an opening 
in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle 
for the spermatic cord or for the round ligament, 
abdominal r., internal, an aperture in the 
transverse fascia for the spermatic cord or for the 
round ligament, auricular r., the ring surround- 
ing the opening between the auricle and ventricle 
of the primitive vertebrate heart. It is represented 
in the mammalian heart by the auriculoventricu- 
lar node. Bandl's r., a ring-shaped thickening 
of the uterus during labor, just above the internal 
os, and marking the lower limit of the contractile 
portion of the uterus, benzene-r. (Kekule, 
1865), the closed hexagon of carbon atoms in ben- 
zene (CeHg), from which the different benzene 
compounds are derived by replacement of the 
hydrogen atoms. Brokaw r., a ring of rub- 
ber tubing threaded with catgut strands and em- RING-BONE 
957 
ROB 
ployed in intestinal anastomosis, bronchial r's, 
the cartilaginous rings of the bronchi. Cabot's 
r's. See Cabot's ring-bodies, under body. Can- 
non's r., a tonic contraction ring often visible 
in the right half of the transverse colon, carbo- 
cyclic r. See carbocyclic, ciliary r., a ring 
of tissue in front of the ora serrata, com- 
prising part of the ciliary body, and giving at- 
tachment to the ciliary processes and muscle, con- 
junctival r., a ring at the junction of the cor- 
nea with the conjunctiva, contraction-r. 
Same as Bandl's r. coronary r. See coronary 
cushion, under cushion, crural r. Same as 
femoral r. Dollinger's r., an elastic ring 
around the circumference of the cornea formed 
by a thickening of Descemet's membrane, femo- 
ral T., the abdominal opening of the femoral canal, 
normally closed by the crural septum and perito- 
neum. Called also crural r. glaucomatous r., 
a light yellowish ring around the optic disk in 
glaucoma, indicating atrophy of the choroid, 
heterocyclic r. See heterocyclic, homocyclic 
r., a chemical ring in which all the members are 
atoms of the same element, inguinal r. Same 
as abdominal r. isocyclic r. See isocyclic. 
Lowe's r., a ring in the visual field caused by the 
macula lutea. Lower's r's, the rings of tendon 
around the four orifices of the heart. Lusk's r., 
Bandl's ring, lymphoid r., the ring-like series of 
lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, faucial, 
and pharyngeal tonsil. Maxwell's r., a ring re- 
sembling Lowe's, but smaller and fainter, mitro- 
aortic r., a band of muscle surrounding both the 
mitral and aortic orifices of the heart in a single ring. 
Muller's r., a muscular ring surrounding the 
junction of the cervical canal and the body of the 
uterus at an advanced stage of pregnancy. New- 
ton's r's, the colored rings seen on the surface of 
thin, transparent membranes, as soap-bubbles, 
due to chromatic aberration. Ochsner's r., a 
ring of mucous membrane around the opening of 
the pancreatic duct, retraction-r. Same as 
Bandl's r. Schroder's r., Bandl's ring. sper- 
matorrheal r., a ring worn on the penis to 
prevent erections, tympanic r., the bony ring 
forming part of the temporal bone at the time 
of birth, and developing into the tympanic plate, 
umbilical r., the aperture in the abdominal wall 
by which the umbilical cord communicates with 
the fetus. Vossius' lenticular r., a ring of 
opacity in the crystalline lens caused by a force 
which presses the pupillary margin against the 
lens. Waldeyer's tonsillar r., the ring of 
adenoid tissue formed by the lingual, pharyngeal, 
and faucial tonsils. 
ring-bone (ring'bon). A bone-like callus on the 
pastern bone of a horse, resulting from inflamma- 
tion. Frequently it extends into the interphalan- 
geal joints, causing lameness. When the joint is 
not involved, the condition is sometimes called 
false ring-bone, lowr-b. See buttress foot, under 
foot. 
Ringer's mixture or solution (ring'erz) [Sidney 
Ringer, English physiologist, 1835-1910]. See 
mixture. 
ringolin (ring'o-lin). A preparation of cod-liver 
oil, glycerin, balsam of Peru, and zinc oxid: used 
as a vehicle for skin applications. 
ringworm (ring'wurm). A contagious disease of 
the skin of man and domestic animals marked by 
the formation of ring-shaped pigmented patches 
covered with vesicles or scales. The disease is due 
to either of two parasitic fungi, Microsporon 
audouini or a variety of Trichophyton. See tinea. 
black-dotted r., a tropical form caused by 
Trichophyton tonsurans, r. of the body. See 
tinea trichophytina. Bowditch Island r., 
tinea imbricata. Burmese r., tinea imbri- 
cata. Chinese r., tinea imbricata. crusted r., 
favus. honey-comb r., favus. hypertro- 
phic r., granuloma trichophyticum. Indian r., 
tinea imbricata. oriental r., tinea imbricata, 
perhaps also eczema marginatum, r. of the scalp. 
See tinea tonsurans. Tokelau r., tinea im- 
bricata. 
Rinne's test (rin'ez) [Friedrich Heinrich RinnS, 
German otologist, 1819-1868]. See under tests. 
riodine (ri'o-din). A proprietary solution in oil of 
an iodin product of castor oil: used like other fatty 
iodin compounds. 
Riolan's muscle, nosegay (re'o-lanz') [Jean 
Riolan, French physician, 1578-1657]. See mus- 
cle, nosegay. 
ripa (ri'pah) [L. "bank"]. A line marking the reflec- 
tion of the ependyma of the ventricles of the brain 
over a tela or a plexus. 
riparian (ri-pa're-an). Pertaining to the ripa; 
marginal. 
Ripault's sign (re-poz') [Louis Henry Antoin 
Ripault, French physician, 1807-1856]. See sign. 
risiccol (ris'ik-ol). A proprietary powder contain- 
ing 50 per cent, castor oil, 49 per cent, magnesia 
usta, and 1 per cent, flavoring material. 
Risley's prism (riz'lez) [Samuel D. Risley, oph- 
thalmologist in Philadelphia, born 1845]. See 
under prism. 
risorius (ri-so're-us) [L.]. See muscles, table of. 
ristin (ris'tin). Ethyleneglycol monobenzoate: used 
in scabies. 
risus (ri'sus). Latin for laughter, r. cani'nus, 
r. sardon'icus, a grinning expression produced 
by spasm of the facial muscles. 
Ritter's disease, law, tetanus (rit'erz) [Gott- 
fried Ritter von Rittersheim, German physician, 
1820-1883]. See disease, law, tetanus. 
Ritter-Rollet phenomenon (rit'er-ro-la') [Jo- 
hann Wilhelm Ritter, German physicist, 1776-1810; 
see Rollet]. See under phenomenon. 
rivalry, retinal (ri'val-re). The apparent alter- 
nate displacement of two figures by each other 
when viewed together, one by each eye. 
Rivalta's disease, reaction (re-val'tahz) [Sebas- 
tiano Rivalta, contemporary Italian veterinarian]. 
See disease and reaction. 
Riva-Rocci sphygmomanometer (re-vah-ro'- 
tshe) [Scipione Riva-Rocci, contemporary Italian 
physician]. See sphygmomanometer. 
Riverius' potion (re-ve're-us). See Riviere's potion, 
under potion. 
Riviere's potion (re-ve-airz') [Lazare Riviere, 
French physician, 1589-1655]. See under potion. 
Riviere's sign (riv-erz') [Clive Riviere, British 
physician, contemporary]. See under sign. 
Rivini, ducts of (re-ve'ne) [August Quirinus 
Rivinus, anatomist in Leipsic, 1652-1723]. See 
under duct. 
rivulose (riv'u-los) [L. ri'vus brook]. Marked by 
wavy lines: said of bacterial colonies. 
ri'vus lacrima'lis. Same as lacus lacrimalis. 
rixolin (riks'o-lin). A mixture of oil of camphor and 
light petroleum. 
riziform (riz'if-orm). Resembling grains of rice. 
R. M. A. An abbreviation for right mento-anterior 
position of the fetus. 
R. M. P. An abbreviation for right mentoposterior 
position of the fetus. 
R. N. Abbreviation for Registered Nurse. See 
under nurse. 
R. O. A. An abbreviation for right occipito-anterior 
position of the fetus. 
roaring (ror'ing). A condition in the horse marked 
by a rough sound on inspiration and sometimes on 
expiration. It is due to some obstruction in the 
respiratory tract or to paralysis of the vocal cords. 
rob (rob). A jelly, confection, or thick syrup, as of 
mulberries: sometimes variously medicated, el- 
derberry-r., a purgative extract prepared from 
the fruit of Sambu'cus ni'gra and S. eb'ulus, elder 
shrubs of Europe. ROBERT'S PELVIS 
958 
ROLL, ILIAC 
Robert's pelvis (rob-airz') [Cesar Alphonse Robert, 
French surgeon, 1801-1862]. See pelvis. 
Roberts' test (rob'erts) [Sir William Roberts, 
English physician, 1830-1899]. See under tests. 
Robertson's pupil (rob'ert-sunz). See Argyll 
Robertson and pupil. 
robin (ro'bin). A toxalbumin from the bark of 
Robin'ia pseudaca'cia, a locust tree of North 
America. 
Robin's myeloplax (ro-baz') [Charles Philippe 
Robin, French anatomist, 1821-1885]. The osteo- 
clasts. 
robinol (ro'bin-ol). A proprietary preparation of 
glycerophosphates. 
Robinson's circle (rob'in-sonz) [Fred Byron 
Robinson, American anatomist, 1857-1910]. See 
under circle. 
Robinson's disease (rob'in-sonz) [Andrew R. 
Robinson, dermatologist in New York, born 1845]. 
See disease. 
Robiquet's paste (rob-e-kaz') [Pierre Jean 
Robiquet, French physician, 1780-1840]. See 
paste. 
roboline (rob'o-lin). A proprietary preparation 
of quinin, strychnin, phosphoric acid, tea, and 
wild cherry: a stimulant and tonic. 
roborant (rob'o-rant) [L. rob'orans strengthening]. 
1. Conferring strength; strengthening. 2. A pro- 
prietary nutrient preparation. 
roborin (ro'bor-in) [L. ro'bor strength], A proprie- 
tary tonic prepared from beef blood. 
Rochelle salt (ro-shel'). Potassium and sodium 
tartrate, KOOC(CHOH)2COONa. 
rod (rod). A straight, slim piece of matter: specifi- 
cally, one of the rod-like bodies of the retina, r. 
bipolars, bipolar nerve-cells of the inner muscu- 
lar layer of the retina which are specially con- 
nected with the rod visual cells. The bipolar cells 
connected with the cone element are called cone 
bipolars. Corti's r's, rod-like bodies in a double 
row which form the arches of Corti, r. ellipsoid, 
the outer longitudinally striated portion of the 
inner rod section. Sometimes called lenticulal 
body. enamel-r's, the parallel hexagonal 
prisms forming the enamel of teeth, r. epithe- 
lium, epithelium the cells of which exhibit a 
peculiar rod-like striation, r.-fibers, the atten- 
uated fiber-like bodies of the rod visual cells which 
unite the nuclei of the latter, within the outer 
nuclear layer of the retina, with the retinal rods, 
germinal r., a sporozoite. r.-granules. 
See under granule, r's of Heidenhain, 
the rod-like cells of the renal tubules. Konig's 
r's, a series of steel bars each of which gives 
a note of certain pitch when struck. Mad- 
dox r's, a set of parallel cylindric glass rods 
used in testing for heterophoria. Reichmann's 
r., a short ivory rod with circular grooves and inter- 
vening projections, like the handle of an ivory 
knitting needle. It is used in auscultatory per- 
cussion of the stomach. The rod is firmly pushed 
down over the stomach at a right angle to its 
surface, and is gently stroked with the fingers. 
The stethoscope is applied over the organ and the 
pitch observed. When the rod passes beyond the 
limits of the stomach, a change in pitch occurs, 
retinal r's, highly specialized cylindric neuro- 
epithelial cells containing rhodopsin; with the 
visual cones they form one of the layers of the 
retina, r.-segments. See under segment. 
rodagen (ro'daj-en). A preparation of the milk 
of goats from which the thyroids have been re- 
moved: used in exophthalmic goiter. 
rodent ulcer (ro'dent). See ulcer. 
Rodman's operation (rod'manz) [William L. 
Rodman, Philadelphia surgeon, 1854-1916]. See 
operation. 
rodonalgia (ro-do-nal'je-ah) [Gr. pbbov rose + 
&\yos pain]. Erythromelalgia. 
Roederer's ecchymoses, obliquity (ra'der-erz) 
[Johann Georg Roederer, German obstetrician, 
1727-1763]. See ecchymosis and obliquity. 
Roentgen rays (rent'gen) [Wilhelm Konrad von 
Roentgen, German physicist, 1845-1923]. See 
under ray. 
roentgenism (rent'gen-izm). 1. The therapeutic 
application of Roentgen rays. 2. The ill effect of 
the Roentgen rays; disease induced by misuse of 
Roentgen rays. 
roentgenization (rent-gen-iz-a'shun). Exposure or 
subjection to the action of Roentgen rays. 
roentgenize (rent'gen-iz). To apply the Roentgen 
rays. 
roentgenocardiogram (rent" gen - o - kar' de - o - 
gram). A polygraphic tracing of cardiac pulsation 
made by the Roentgen rays. 
roentgenogram (rent-gen'o-gram). A Roentgen- 
ray photograph. 
roentgenograph (rent'gen-o-graf). 1. A Roent- 
gen-ray photograph. 2. To make a Roentgen-ray 
photograph. 
roentgenography (rent-gen-og'raf-e). Photog- 
raphy by the Roentgen rays. 
roentgenologist (rent-gen-ol'o-jist). A physician 
who devotes himself to diagnosis and treatment 
by the Roentgen rays. 
roentgenology (rent-gen-ol'o-je) [Roentgen rays + 
Gr. Xoyos treatise]. The study of the Roentgen 
rays. 
roentgenometer (rent-gen-om'et-er). A skiameter. 
roentgenometry (rent-gen-om'et-re). Measure- 
ment of the penetrating or therapeutic power of the 
x-rays. 
roentgenoscope (rent-gen'o-skop). A fluoroscope; 
an apparatus for examining the body by means of 
the fluorescent screen excited by the Roentgen rays. 
roentgenoscopy (rent-gen-os'ko-pe) [Roentgen rays 
+ Gr. aKoireiv to view]. Examination by means 
of Roentgen rays; fluoroscopy. 
roentgenotherapy (rent-gen-o-ther'ap-e) [Roentgen 
rays + Gr. Oepaireia treatment]. Therapeutic use 
of the Roentgen rays. 
roentgram, roentogram (rent'gram, rent'o- 
gram). A Roentgen-ray photograph. 
roentography (ren-tog'ra-fe). The making of 
roentgenograms; skiagraphy. 
roetheln (ret'eln). See rotheln. 
Roger's bacillus (ro-zhaz') [C. A. Roger, French 
physician, born i860]. See bacillus. 
Roger's disease, reaction, symptom (ro-zhaz') 
[Henri Louis Roger, French physician, 1811-1892]. 
See disease, reaction, symptom. 
Roger-Josue test (ro-zha-zho-zu-a') [H. L. Roger 
and Otto Josue, French physician, born 1869]. See 
blister test, under tests. 
Rogers' sphygmomanometer (roj'erz) [Oscar 
H. Rogers, physician in New York, born 1857). 
See sphygmomanometer. 
roka (ro'kah). A tree of Arabia and Africa, Tri- 
chil'ia emet'ica: it affords various remedial prod- 
ucts. 
Rokitansky's disease, tumor, etc. (ro-kit-an'- 
skez) [Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky, pathologist 
in Vienna, 1804-1878]. See disease, tumor, etc. 
rolandic (ro-lan'dik). Described by or named in 
honor of Luigi Rolando, Italian anatomist, 1773- 
1831, as the rolandic area, convolution, fissure, 
etc. See under area, convolution, fissure, etc. 
rolandometer (ro-lan-dom'et-er). An instrument 
for determining the positions of the various fis- 
sures of the surface of the brain. 
roll-culture (rol'kult-ur). See under culture. 
roll, iliac. A mass shaped like a sausage, located 
in the left iliac fossa and produced by induration 
of the walls of the sigmoid fossa. Called also 
sigmoid sausage. ROLLER 
959 
ROSSIELLA 
roller (rol'er). A cylinder of cotton, linen, or flannel 
rolled up for surgeons' or dressers' use. massage 
r., a proprietary apparatus for use in electric 
massage. 
Rollet's stroma (rol'ets) [Alexander Rollet, Aus- 
trian physiologist, 1834-1903]. See stroma. 
Rollier's treatment (rol'yayz') [A. Rollier, Swiss 
physician]. See under treatment. 
romanopexy (ro-man'o-pek-se) [L. roma'num the 
sigmoid + Gr. fixation]. Sigmoidopexy. 
romanoscope (ro-man'o-skop). A speculum for 
examining the sigmoid flexure. 
Rombergism (rom'berg-izm). Romberg's sign. 
Romberg's sign (rom'bergz) [Moritz H. Romberg, 
physician in Berlin, 1795-1873]. See sign. 
Romer's experiment, serum (re'merz) [Paul 
Romer, professor in Greifswald, 1876-1916]. See 
experiment and serum. 
Rommelaere's sign (rom-el-a-erz') [Guillaume 
Rommelaere, Belgian physician, born 1836]. See 
sign. 
rongeur (raw-zhar') [Fr.]. A form of gouge-for- 
ceps or nippers. 
rbntography, etc. See roenlography, etc. 
roof (roof). See tegmen. 
root (root) [L. ra'dix}. 1. The descending axis of a 
plant or any one of its branches. 2. That portion 
of an organ (such as a hair or nail) that is buried in 
the tissues. 3. A nerve-root; the part of a nerve 
adjacent to the center with which it is connected; 
in spinal and cranial nerves, the part of the nerve 
between the cells of origin or termination and the 
ganglion, anterior r., one of two masses of nerve- 
fibers given off from the spinal cord and uniting to 
form a spinal nerve composed of motor fibers. 
Called also motor r. r.-canal, the socket of the 
root of a tooth; a part of an alveolus, r.-cells, 
cells of the nerve-roots, dorsal r. See posterior r. 
facial r., the root of the facial nerve, consisting 
of fibers from the nucleus of the facial to the facial 
colliculus and thence to the ventral surface of the 
lower portion of the pons, motor r. See an- 
terior r. nerve-r., a bundle of nerve-fibers given 
off from the spinal cord which joins with another 
similar bundle to form a spinal nerve, olfactory 
r. See olfactory stria, under stria, posterior 
r., a nerve-root containing sensory fibers, ven- 
tral r. Same as anterior r. r.-zone. See zone. 
R. O. P. An abbreviation for right occipitoposterior 
position of the fetus. 
ropy (ro'pe). Sticky and stringy. 
rosa (ro'zah). Latin for rose. r. gal'lica. See 
under rose. 
rosacea (ro-za'se-ah). See acne rosacea. 
rosanilin (ro-zan'il-in). A coal-tar derivative, 
(NH2.C6H4)2C(OH)C6H3(CH3)NH2, obtained by 
oxidizing a mixture of anilin and the toluidins: 
used in preparing various dyes and stains, and as a 
parasiticide, r. acetate, a substance used as a 
red dye. r. hydrochlorid, fuchsin. 
rosary, rachit'ic (ro'za-re). The row of bead-like 
nodules which appear on the ribs at their junction 
with the cartilages in rickets. 
rose (roz) [L. ro'sa]. Any plant or species of the 
genus Ro'sa. The petals of pale r. (Ro'sa centifo'lia) 
are used in making rose-water and cold-cream 
(unguen'tum a'qua ro'sa). The petals of red r. 
(Ro'sa gal'lica) are used in making confec'tio ro'sa, 
met ro'sa, extractum ro'sa flu'idum, and syru'pus 
ro'sa. The flowers of Ro'sa damasce'na afford the 
oil of r., or attar of roses (o'leum ro'sa). r.-cold, 
hay-fever coming on at the time of the blooming 
of roses, and attributed to the inhalation of rose- 
pollen. damask r., the Ro'sa damasce'na: its 
flowers afford the oil or attar of roses (o'leum ro'sa). 
dog-r. (Ro'sa cani'na), produces a fruit or hip 
used in pharmacy, pale r., the flowers of Ro'sa 
centifo'lia, whose petals are used in preparing rose- 
water and cold-cream, red r., the flowers of 
Ro'sa gal'lie a: from the petals the confection of 
roses is prepared. The fluidextract is a mild astrin- 
gent. Dose, 5-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.); of syrup, 1-2 fl.dr, 
(4-8 c.c.). 
Rose's position (ro'zez) [Frank Atcherly Rose, 
British surgeon]. See under position. 
Rose's position, tetanus (ro'zez) [Edmund Rose, 
physician in Berlin, 1836-1903]. See position and 
tetanus. 
Rose's test (ro'zez) [Joseph Constantin Rose, 
German physician, 1826-1893]. See under 
tests. 
rosein (ro'ze-in). Fuchsin. 
rosemary (roz'ma-re). See Rosmarinus, marsh- 
r., the plant Stat'ice limo'nium: a strong astrin- 
gent. 
Rosenbach's disease, law, sign, test (ro'zen- 
bahks) [Ottomar Rosenbach, physician in Berlin, 
1851-1907]. See disease, law, sign, test. 
Rosenbach's tuberculin (ro'zen-bahks) [F. J. R. 
Rosenbach, contemporary German physician]. See 
tuberculin. 
Rosenheim's enema (ro'zen-himz) [Theodor 
Rosenheim, contemporary German physician]. See 
enema. 
Rosenmiiller's body, organ (ro'zen-me-lerz) 
[Johann Christian Rosenmuller, anatomist in 
Leipzig, 1771-1820]. See body, organ. 
Rosenthal's canal, vein (ro'zen-tahlz) [Friedrich 
Christian Rosenthal, anatomist in Greifswald, 17 So- 
1829]. See canal and vein. 
roseola (ro-ze'o-lah) [L.]. Any rose-colored rash; 
specifically, epidemic r., or rubeola, r. choler'- 
ica, an eruption sometimes seen in cholera, 
epidemic r. Same as rubeola, r. feb'rilis, a 
non-pathognomonic erythema occurring in simple 
and malarial fevers, idiopathic r., roseola oc- 
curring independently of any other disease, r. 
infan'tilis, the rose-rash of infants, chiefly occur- 
ring in infantile febrile conditions, symptom- 
atic r., roseola occurring as a symptom of some 
eruptive fever, syphilitic r., an eruption of rose- 
colored spots in early secondary syphilis. Called 
also syphilitic exanthem and macular syphilid, r. 
typho'sa, the eruption of typhoid or typhus 
fever, r. vacci'nia, a rash sometimes occurring 
after vaccination. 
roseolus (ro-ze'o-lus). Of the nature of a roseola 
or rash. 
Roser's sign (ro'zerz) [Wilhelm Roser, German 
surgeon, 1817-1888]. See under sign. 
roset, rosette (ro'zet). Same as spirem. r. of 
Golgi. Same as sporocyst. 
rosin (ro'zin) [L. res'ina], Colophony; the res- 
inous substance that remains after the distillation 
of the oil of turpentine from the fresh pitch of 
pine wood. It is chiefly abietic acid anhydrid, C44- 
H62O4. It is used as an adhesive and stimulant 
addition to plasters. 
rosinol (ros'in-ol). Retinol. 
Rosmarinus (ros-mar-i'nus) [L. " sea-dew "]. A 
genus of labiate plants. R. officina'lis, or com- 
mon rosemary, affords the fragrant volatile oil 
of rosemary. Dose of oil, 1-2 min. (0.066-0.13 
c.c.); of spirit (spi/itus rosmari'ni), 1-2 fl.dr. 
(4-8 c.c.). 
rosolic acid (ro-zol'ik). See acid. 
Ross's bodies (ros'ez) [Edward Halford Ross, con- 
temporary English pathologist]. See under body. 
Ross's test (ros'ez) [Hugh Campbell Ross, contem- 
porary English pathologist]. See under test. 
Rossbach's disease (ros'bahks) [Michael Joseph 
Rossbach, German physician, 1842-1899]. Gastrox- 
ynsis. 
Rossel's test (ros-elz') [Otto Rossel, contemporary 
Swiss physician]. See under tests. 
Rossiella (ros-e-el'ah). A genus of piroplasma-like 
organisms parasitic in the blood of certain animals. ROSTELLUM 
960 
R. ros'si is found in the jackall in British East 
Africa. 
rostellum (ros-tel'um), pl. i;ostd'la [L. " little 
beak "]. A small beak or hook-like process; 
especially the hook-bearing part of the head of 
an endoparasitic worm. 
rostral (ros'tral) [L. rostra'lis, from ros'trum beak]. 
1. Pertaining to or resembling a rostrum; having a 
rostrum or beak. 2. Directed toward the front 
end of the body; opposed to caudal. 
rostrate (ros'trat) [L. rostra'tus beaked]. Hav- 
ing a beak-like process. 
rostriform (ros'trif-orm) [L. ros'trum beak + 
for1 ma form]. Shaped like a beak. 
rostrum (ros'trum), pl. ros'tra [L. " beak "]. A 
beak-like appendage or part. r. cor'poris cal- 
lo'si [B N A], 'the anterior and lower end of the 
corpus callosum, r. sphenoidale [B N A], the 
beak of the sphenoid bone: the part which ar- 
ticulates with the vomer. 
rot (rot). 1. Decay. 2. A disease of sheep, and 
sometimes of man, caused by Dis'toma hepat'- 
icurn. drosera-r., inherited phthisis of young 
children, said by some homeopathists to be cura- 
ble by drosera. foot-r. of cattle, a form of 
necrosis of the foot in cattle caused by infection with 
the Bacillus necrophorus. foot-r. of sheep, a 
disease of the feet of sheep, marked by decay of 
the hoof and an offensive discharge: thought to be 
due to soft, wet pastures, liver r., a disease of 
sheep caused by the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. 
rotary, rotatory (ro'ta-re, ro'ta-to-re). Marked 
by or produced by rotation. 
rotate (ro'tat). To turn around; to twist. 
rotation (ro-ta'shun) [L. rota'tio, ro'tare to turn]. 
The process of turning around an axis: movement 
of a body about its axis, called the axis of r. In 
dentistry, the rotation of a malturned tooth in its 
central axis into a normal position, r.-joint, a 
lateral ginglymus. specific r., the arc through 
which a substance rotates the plane of polarization. 
rotator (ro-ta'tor). A muscle which revolves a part 
on its axis. 
rotato'res spi'n® [L. " turners of the spine "]. 
See muscles, table of. 
Rotch's sign [Thomas Morgan Rotch, physician 
in Boston, 1848-1914]. See sign. 
Roth's vas aberrans (rots) [Moritz Roth, Swiss 
physician, 1839-1914]. See vas aberrans. 
Roth-Bernhardt disease (rot-bern'hart) [Vladi- 
mir K. Roth, Russian neurologist, born 1848; Martin 
Bernhardt, neurologist in Berlin, born 1844]. See 
disease. 
rotheln (ret'eln) [Ger.]. Same as rubella. 
rotlauf (rot'lauf) [Ger.]. Swine erysipelas. See 
under erysipelas. 
rotterin (rot'er-in) [L. rotteri'num]. A disin- 
fectant mixture of citric acid and thymol, of each, 
gr.; salicylic acid, 10 gr.; boric acid, 45 gr.; zinc 
phenolsulphonate and zinc chlorid, of each, 75 gr.: 
to be dissolved in 4 quarts of water. 
Rottlera (rot'ler-ah). See Kamala. 
rottierin (rot'ler-in). A yellowish, crystalline color- 
ing-matter, (CnH10O3)3, from kamala. Called 
also mallotoxin. 
rotula (rot'u-lah) [L. dim. of ro'ta wheel]. 1. The 
patella. 2. Any disk-like bony process. 3. A 
troche or lozenge. 
rotulad (rot'u-lad). Toward the patella, or the 
patellar aspect. 
rotular (rot'u-lar). Pertaining to the patella. 
rotz (rots) [Ger.]. Glanders in horses. 
rouget du pore (roo-zha' du pork') [Fr.]. Same 
as swine erysipelas. 
Rouget's bulb (roo-zhaz') [Antoine D. Rouget, 
French physiologist]. See bulb. 
Rougnon-Heberden disease (roo-nyon') [Nich- 
olas Francois Rougnon, French physician, 1727- 
1799; William Heberden]. Angina pectoris. 
rouleau (roo-lo'), pl. rouleaux [Fr. " roll "]. A 
roll of red blood-corpuscles. 
round ligament (rownd). See ligament, r.- 
worm. See Ascaris. 
roup (roop). An infectious respiratory disease of 
poultry, marked by formation of a grayish-yellow 
exudate on the respiratory mucous surfaces; some- 
times called avian diphtheria and swelled head. 
Roussel's serum, sign, etc. (roo-selz') [Theophile 
Roussel, French physician, 1816-1903]. See serum, 
sign, etc. 
routinism (roo-ten'izm). Extreme medical con- 
servatism: the use of an unvarying course in the 
treatment of disease. 
Roux's operation (rooz) [Philibert Joseph Roux, 
Paris surgeon, 1780-1854]. See serum. 
Roux's serum, spatula, stain (rooz) [Pierre 
Paul Emile Roux, French bacteriologist, born 
1853]. See serum, spatula, and stain. 
Rovsing's sign (rov'sings) [Thorkild Rovsing, 
surgeon in Copenhagen, bom 1862]. See sign. 
Rowntree and Geraghty's test (roun'tre; 
ger'ah-te) [Leonard George Rowntree, American 
physician, born 1883; John T. Geraghty, Baltimore 
physician, born 1876]. The phenolsulphone- 
phthalein test. See phenolsulphonephthalein. 
R. Q. Abbreviation for respiratory quotient. 
R. R. Abbreviation for Riva-Rocci sphygmomanom- 
eter. 
R. S. A. An abbreviation for right sacro-anterior 
position of the fetus. 
R. S. B. Abbreviation for Regimental Stretcher 
Bearer. 
R. S. P. An abbreviation for right sacroposterior 
position of the fetus. 
R. T. Abbreviation for reading test. 
Ru. Symbol for ruthenium. 
rubber-dam (rub'er-dam). A sheet of india- 
rubber used by dentists in mouth work. 
rubber tissue (rub-er tish'u). Gutta-percha in 
sheets: used in surgery. 
rubedo (ru-be'do) [L.]. Blushing or other red- 
ness of the skin. 
rubefacient (ru-be-fa'shent) [L. ru'ber red + fa'cere 
to make]. 1. Reddening the skin. 2. An agent 
that reddens the skin. 
rubella (ru-bel'ah). 1. Epidemic roseola; rotheln, 
or German measles; an acute exanthematous febrile 
disease not unlike measles. After an incubation 
period of from one to three weeks the disease begins 
with slight fever and catarrhal symptoms, sore 
throat, pains in the limbs, and the appearance of an 
eruption of red papules similar to those of measles, 
but lighter in color, not arranged in crescentic 
masses, and disappearing without desquamation 
within a week. See exanthemata, table of. 2. 
Measles, r. scarlatino'sa. Same as fourth 
disease. See under disease. 
rubeola (ru-be-o'lah) [L. ru'ber red]. 1. Measles. 
2. Rubella, r. scarlatino'sa. See fourth dis- 
ease under disease. 
ruber (ru'ber). Latin for red; the red nucleus. 
rubescent (ru-bes'ent) [L. rubes'cere to become 
red]. Reddish; becoming red. 
rubia (ru'be-ah) [L.]. See madder. 
rubidiol (ru-bid'e-ol). A solution in oil of rubid- 
ium and potassium iodohydrargyrate: used ex- 
ternally as a resolvent. 
rubidium (ru-bid'e-um) [L. ru'bidus red], A rare me- 
tallic alkaline element; atomic weight, 85.45; 
symbol, Rb. r. and ammonium bromid, a 
substance, RbBr + 3NH4Br: used like potassium 
bromid. Dose, 20-30 gr. (1.333-2 gm.), r. 
bromid, a binary compound, RbBr: used like 
potassium bromid. Dose, 5-60 gr. (0.333-4 gm.). 
RUBIDIUM RUBIGINOUS 
961 
RUMMO'S DISEASE 
r. chlorid, a substance, RbCl; said to increase 
the arterial tension. Dose, 2-5 gr. (0.133-0.333 
gm.), r. iodid, a binary compound, Rbl, partly 
soluble in water: valued in treating diseases of the 
eye, pharynx, and skin. Dose, 4-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 
gm.), r. tartrate, a salt, RbQHsOe: used in 
cardiac neuroses. Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.18-0.333 gm.). 
rubiginous, rubiginose (ru-bij'in-us, ru-bij'in-6s) 
[L. rubi'go rust]. Having a rusty, brownish color: 
said of sputum. 
rubigo (ru-bi'go). Latin for rust 
rubin (ru'bin). Same as fuchsin. 
Rubinat water (ru'bin-at). See under water. 
Rubner's test (roob'nerz) [Max Rubner, physiolo- 
gist in Berlin, born 1854]. See under tests. 
rubor (ru'bor) [L. " redness "]. Redness due to 
inflammation. 
rubric (ru'bric). Red; specifically, pertaining to the 
red nucleus. 
rubrol (ru'brol). A proprietary remedy for gon- 
orrhea, used by injection. 
rubrospinal (ru-bro-spi'nal). Pertaining to the 
red nucleus and the spinal cord. 
Rubus (ru'bus) [L.]. A genus of rosaceous plants, 
including the blackberries, raspberries, brambles, 
dewberries, and cloudberries. The root-barks of 
R. canaden'sis, trivia'lis, and villo'sus, species of 
blackberry, are tonic and astringent, and used in 
diarrhea. Dose of fluidextract, 10-60 min. (0.666- 
4 c.c.). The fruits of R. ides'us and R. strigo'- 
sus, red raspberries, are used in pharmacy. 
rubyl (ru'bil). A proprietary iodobismuthate of 
quinin: used for the treatment of syphilis. 
Ruck's tuberculin [Karl von Ruck, American 
physician, 1849-1922]. See tuberculin. 
ructus (ruk'tus) [L.]. The belching of wind; 
eructation. 
Rudbeckia (rud-bek'e-ah) [after O. Rudbeck, 1630- 
1702, and O. Rudbeck, Jr., 1660-1740]. A genus of 
composite-flowered herbs of North America. 
The cone-flower, R. lacinia'ta, thimble-weed, is 
a diuretic and tonic. Dose of fluidextract, 15- 
60 min. (1-4 c.c.). R. hi/ta, a composite-flowered 
plant of North America; also its homeopathic prepa- 
ration. 
rudimentary (ru-dim-en'ta-re). Imperfectly de- 
veloped. 
rue (roo) [L. Ru'ta]. The rutaceous herb, Ru'ta 
grave'olens. The volatile oil (o'leum ru'ta} from the 
leaves is an irritant poison, and is used as an aborti- 
facient and emmenagogue. Dose of fluidextract, 
15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.); of oil, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 
c.c.). 
Ruffini's organs (roo-fe'nez) [Angelo Ruffini, con- 
temporary Italian anatomist]. See under organ. 
rufiopin (ru-fe-o'pin). A red-yellow, crystalline 
substance, C14H8O4, derivable from opianic acid, 
and isomeric with rufigallic acid. 
rufous (ru'fus) [L. ru'fus red]. Dull red; also having 
reddish hair and a ruddy complexion. 
ruga (ru'gah), pl. ru'ga [L.]. A ridge, wrinkle, 
or fold. r. gas'trica. See r. of the stomach. 
r. palati'na, any one of the transverse ridges 
extending outward on both sides of the raphe of the 
palate, r. of the stomach, wrinkles which ap- 
pear on the surface of the mucous membrane of 
the stomach when the muscular coat contracts, 
r. of the vagina, small transverse folds of the 
mucous membrane of the vagina extending out- 
ward from the columns. 
Rugby knee (rug'be). Schlatter's disease. 
rugine (roo-zhen'). A raspatory. 
rugitus (ru'jit-us) [L. "roaring"]. Rumbling in the 
intestines. 
rugose, rugous (ru'gos, ru'gus) [L. rugo'sus]. 
Characterized by wrinkles. 
rugosity (ru-gos'it-e) [L. rugos'itas], 1. The 
condition of being rugose; roughness. 2. A fold, 
wrinkle, or ruga. 
Ruhmkorff coil (room'korf) [Heinrich Daniel 
Ruhmkorffi, German electrician, 1823-1887]. See 
coil. 
rule, Anstie's. A rule used in connection with 
life-insurance examination: the maximum amount 
of absolute alcohol which can be taken by an 
adult without injury is ij oz. daily. This is 
equivalent to about 3 oz. of whisky, brandy, gin, 
or rum; about 4 glasses of sherry or other strong 
wine; to 1 pint of claret, champagne, or other 
light wine; to 3 glasses of strong ale or porter; 
or 5 glasses of beer or light ale. Cowling's r., 
the dose of a drug for a child is obtained by divid- 
ing the adult dose by the fraction obtained by di- 
viding the child's age by 24. Gibson's r., in 
pneumonia, if the pulse-rate in millimeters of mer- 
cury does not fall below the pulse-rate, the prog- 
nosis is good; if it does, the prognosis is bad. His' 
r., reckon the duration of pregnancy from the first 
day of the missed menstruation. Jackson's r., 
after epileptic attacks, simple nervous processes are 
more quickly recovered from than complex ones. 
Liebermeister's r., in febrile tachycardia the 
pulse-beats increase at the rate of about eight to 
every degree centigrade of temperature, phase r., 
a homogeneous chemical substance of n components 
is capable of n + 1 modifications of phase; e. g., 
the phases of H2O are ice, water, and steam. A 
heterogeneous chemical system of p coexistent 
phases and c variable components has p + 2-c 
degrees of freedom or variations of phase, i. e., the 
sum of its coexistent phases and its possible 
changes of phase exceeds the number of its com- 
ponents by 2. Schutz's r., the amount of sub- 
strate decomposed in the same time interval by 
varying enzyme concentrations is not always pro- 
portional to the concentration of the enzyme, 
but is often proportional to the square root of 
this quantity. Young's r. See Young's rule. 
rum (rum). An alcoholic spirit distilled from the 
refuse of sugar-making. bay-r., spiritus myr- 
cias, a cosmetic and hair-dressing; an alcoholic 
solution of the oil of Myr'cia a'cris. cherry-r., 
rum in which cherries have been put. 
rumen (ru'men) [L. " gullet "]. The first stomach 
of a ruminant, or cud-chewing animal. Called also 
paunch. 
rumenitis (ru-men-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
rumen. 
rumenotomy (ru-men-ot'o-me) [rumen + Gr. 
tofirj cut]. The operation of cutting into the 
rumen of an animal for the purpose of removing 
foreign bodies or impacted food or for evacuating 
gases. 
Rumex (ru'meks) [L.]. A genus of polygonaceous 
plants; dock. The root of R. cris'pus, yellow 
dock, is astringent, tonic, and popularly esteemed 
as a cholagogue. Dose, |-i dr. (1-3.8 gm.); of 
fluidextract, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). 
rumicin (ru'mis-in). 1. Chrysophanic acid. 2. A 
proprietary preparation of Ru'mex cris'pus. Dose, 
2-4 gr. (0.13-0.26 gm.). 
rumin (rufinin). A proprietary dry concentration 
prepared from Ru'mex cris'pus. Dose, 3 gr. 
(0.19 gm.). 
ruminant (ru'min-ant). 1. Chewing the cud. 2. 
One of the order of animals which have a stomach 
with four complete cavities (1, rumen; 2, reticulum; 
3, omasum; 4, abomasum), through which the food 
passes in digestion. The division includes oxen, 
sheep, goats, deer, and antelopes. 
rumination (ru-min-a'shun) [L. rumina'tio]. The 
casting up of the food to be chewed a second 
time; particularly the regurgitation of food after 
almost every meal, part of it being vomited and 
the rest swallowed: a condition seen in infants. 
See merycism. 
Rummo's disease (room'oz) [Gaetano Rummo, 
Italian physician, died 1918]. Cardioptosis. RUMP 
962 
SAC 
rump (rump). The gluteal region, or buttock. 
Rumpel-Leede phenomenon or sign (room'pel- 
le'deh) [Theodor Rumpel, German physician, born 
1862; C. Leede, German physician, born 1882]. See 
under phenomenon. 
Rumpf's symptom (roompfs) [Theodor Rumpf, 
German physician, born 1851]. See symptom. 
Runeberg's formula, type (roo'ne-bergs) [Johan 
Wilhelm Runeberg, Finnish physician, 1843-1918]. 
See formula and type. 
runround (run'rownd). Paronychia following the 
circumference of the nail. 
rupia (ru'pe-ah) [Gr. pbnos sordes]. An eruptive 
disease of the skin in which ill-conditioned bull® 
or vesicles are formed, which become scabby. It is 
almost always a manifestation of tertiary syphilis. 
rupial (ru'pe-al). Pertaining to, resembling, or due 
to, rupia. 
rupioid (ru'pe-oid). Resembling rupia. 
rupophobia (ru-po-fo'be-ah) [Gr. pviros filth + 
<poSos fear]. An insane or morbid dread of filth. 
rupture (rup'tshur). 1. Forcible tearing or break- 
ing of a part. 2. A hernia. 
ruscol (rus'kol). A preparation of bismuth and 
birch tar: used in erysipelas, eczema, etc. 
Rusconi's anus (roos-ko'nez) [Mauro Rusconi, 
Italian biologist, 1776-1849]. The blastopore. 
Russell's bodies [William Russell, contemporary 
physician in Edinburgh]. See under body. 
russol (rus'ol). A tincture of colchicum and cap- 
sicum, containing mustard oil and oil of winter- 
green: used in rheumatism. 
Russo's reaction (roos'oz) [Mario Russo, contem- 
porary Italian physician]. See reaction. 
rust (rust). 1. Iron oxid or hydroxid, forming a red- 
dish deposit on metallic iron where the latter has 
been exposed to moisture; also a similar deposit 
on other metals that have been exposed to damp- 
ness. 2. A fungous disease of plants character- 
ized by the formation of rust-like spots on them. 
Rust's disease, phenomenon [Johann Nepo- 
muk Rust, German surgeon, 1775-1840]. See dis- 
ease and phenomenon. 
Ruta (ru'tah) [L.]. See rue. 
ruthenium (ru-the'ne-um). A rare, very hard 
metallic element; symbol, Ru; atomic weight, 
101.7. 
rutidosis (ru-tid-o'sis) [Gr. pvrls wrinkle]. Shriv- 
eling or wrinkling of the cornea; rhytidosis. 
rutin (ru'tin). A crystalline substance from rue. 
ruttie (rut'l). An old popular name for a rattling 
in the throat. 
Ruysch's membrane, muscle, tube, vein 
(rish'iz) [Frederic Ruysch, Dutch anatomist, 1638- 
1731]. See under membrane, muscle, tube, vein. 
Ryan's skin test (ri'anz) [A. H. Ryan, American 
physician]. See under tests. 
rye (ri). The cereal plant, Seca'le cerea'le. and its 
nutritious seed, spurred r. See ergot. 
s 
S. An abbreviation for Latin se'mis half, sig'na 
mark, and sinis'ter left; also the symbol for sul- 
phur, sen, or sive. 
0. Symbol for one-thousandth part of a second. 
S.A. Abbreviation for L. secun 'dum ar'tern, accord- 
ing to art. 
Sa. Chemical symbol of samarium. 
S. A. L. Abbreviation for L. secun'dum ar'tis le'ges, 
according to the rules of art. 
sabadilla (sab-ah-dil'ah) [Spanish cebadilla; ce- 
beda barley]. The poisonous seed of V er a't rum 
sabadil'la, a melanthaceous plant of Mexico. It 
contains veratrin, and is emetocathartic. It is 
used to destroy parasites. 
sabadin (sab'ad-in). A white, crystalline alkaloid, 
C29H51NOs, from sabadilla. 
sabadinin (sab-ad'in-in). A crystallizable prin- 
ciple, C27H45NO8, from sabadilla. 
sabal (sa'bal). The U. S. P. name for the fruit of 
Sereno'a. See Serenoa. 
Sabatier's suture (sah-bah-te-az') [Raphael 
Bienvenu Sabatier, French surgeon, 1732-1811]. 
See under suture. 
Sabbatia (sab-a'she-ah) [after L. Sabbati, an 
Italian botanist]. A genus of gentianaceous 
herbs of many species: called American centaury: 
used like gentian. S. angula'ris, American 
centaury, is a good tonic and stomachic, and is 
valued in the treatment of intermittent and remit- 
tent fevers. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. 
(2-4 c.c.). S. campes'tris is recommended 
for dyspeptic sick-headache. Dose of fluidextract, 
|-i fl.dr. (1-4 c.c.). S. elliot'tii, Elliott's 
centaury, or quinin-flower, is a tonic and anti- 
periodic. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
sabbatin (sab'at-in). An antiperiodic and anti- 
pyretic preparation of Sabba'tia elliot'tii. 
saber-legged (sa'ber-legd). Having the angle of 
the hock more acute than normal, so that the hind 
feet stand well under the body: said of horses. 
saber-shin. A tibia with a marked anterior con- 
vexity, seen in hereditary syphilis. 
sabina (sab-i'nah). Latin for savin. 
sabromin (sa-bro'min). Calcium dibrombehenate, 
Ca(C2iH4iBr2.COO)2, a proprietary preparation 
containing 30 per cent, of bromin and used like 
other bromin preparations. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.3- 
1.2 gm.). 
sabulous (sab'u-lus) [L. sabulo'sus; sab'ulum 
sand]. Gritty or sandy. 
sabulum (sab'u-lum) [L. "fine sand"]. Same as 
acervulus. 
saburral (sab-ur'al) [L. sabur'ra sand]. Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of sordes, or of foulness of 
the stomach. 
sac (sak) [L. sac'cus; Gr. aaKKos]. Any bag-like 
organ, abdominal s., a serous sac in the em- 
bryo which develops into the abdominal cavity, 
air-s., any one of the air-cells of the lungs, 
allantoic s. See allantois. aneurysmal 
s., the dilated coats of an artery in a saccu- 
lated aneurysm. conjunctival s., the sac 
formed between the bulbar and palpebral con- 
junctivae. dental s., dentinal s., the 
vascular sac inclosing the enamel-organ and 
dentinal papillae, dural S., the process of dura 
mater at the caudal end of the spinal cord, em- 
bryonic s., the blastodermic vesicle, endo- 
lymphatic S. See sacculus endolymphaticus. 
gestation-s., the sac that incloses the embryo in 
ectopic pregnancy, hernial s., the pouch of 
peritoneum which incloses the protruding intes- 
tine in a case of hernia. Hilton's S., a laryn- 
geal pouch, lacrimal s., the dilated upper end 
of the lacrimal duct. Lower's s's, sacculated 
portions of the external jugular vein at exit of 
the vein from the skull, omental s., the pouch 
formed between the ascending and descending 
portions of the great omentum, pleural s., 
the cavity of the pleura, pudendal s. See 
Broca's pouch, under pouch, salt S., a small sac 
made of gauze and containing salt, one or more SACCAPELO 
963 
SACCHAROSE 
of which are packed into a wound, the object being 
to produce drainage of the wound by the osmotic 
action of the salt, serous s., the sac made up of 
the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum, tear- 
s's, the lacrimals. yolk-s., the umbilical vesicle, 
saccapelo fsak-ah-pe'lo\ A proprietary depila- 
tory. 
saccate (sak'at) [L. sacca'tus\. 1. Shaped like a 
sac. 2. Contained in a sac. 
saccharamid (sak-ar-am'id). An amid, COOH- 
(CHOH)4CO.NH2, of saccharic acid. 
saccharascope (sak'ar-as-kop) [Gr. <ra.Kxapov 
sugar 4- aKoireiv to view]. A fermentation 
saccharimeter. See saccharimeter. 
saccharate (sak'ar-at). A salt of saccharic acid. 
saccharated (sak'ar-a-ted) [L. sacchara'tus, from 
sac'charum sugar]. Sugary; charged with or 
containing sugar. 
saccharephidrosis (sak"ar-ef-id-ro'sis) [Gr. aax- 
xa.pov sugar -T 'etpidpcoaLs sweating]. The dis- 
charge of sugar in the sweat. 
saccharid (sak'ar-id). One of a series of carbo- 
hydrates, including the sugars. The saccharids 
are divided into monosaccharids, disaccharids, 
trisaccharids and polysaccharids s. group, a 
hypothetic group, C6HioOs, from which the di-, 
tri-, tetra-, and polysaccharids derive their names. 
sacchariferous (sak-ar-if'er-us) [L. sac'charum 
sugar + fer're to bear]. Containing or yielding 
sugar. 
saccharification (sak"ar-if-ik-a'shun) [L. sac'- 
charum sugar -f- fa'cere to make]. Conversion 
into sugar. 
saccharimeter (sak-ar-im'et-er) [L. sac'charum 
sugar 4- me'trum measure]. A device for estimating 
the proportion of sugar in a solution. It is either a 
polarimeter, indicating the proportion of sugar by 
the number of degrees through which it rotates 
the plane of polarization, or a hydrometer, indi- 
cating the proportion of sugar by the specific 
gravity of the solution. Einhorn's s., a form 
of fermentation saccharimeter, fermentation 
S., a saccharimeter in the form of a bent graduated 
tube and closed at one end. The amount of sugar 
in the urine is indicated by the gas which collects 
at the closed end when yeast is added to the urine. 
Lohnstein's s., an instrument for performing a 
quantitative fermentation test of sugar in the urine. 
saccharin (sak'ar-in). 1. An intensely sweet, 
crystalline substance, orthosulphobenzoic acid 
/CO\ 
imid, CgHZ /NH. It is said to be 280 
\soZ 
times as sweet as cane-sugar. It is used in place of 
cane-sugar in diabetes, and also for the purpose of 
disguising the taste of bitter medicines. Dose, [-2 
gr. (0.016-0.133 gm.). It is also known as glucid, 
saccharinol, and sycose. s.-sodium, a powder 
containing 90 per cent, of saccharin: an intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.), in capsule. 2. 
A lactone of a saccharic acid, a tetrahydroxy- 
pentane carboxylic acid. 
saccharine (sak'ar-in) [L. sacchari'nus]. Sugary; 
of a sweet taste. 
saccharinol (sak-ar'in-ol). See saccharin. 
saccharobacillus (sak"ar-o-bas-il'us). Same as 
Bacillus pasteurianus. 
saccharobiose (sak"ar-o-bi'6s). Same as disac- 
charose. 
saccharogalactorrhea, saccharogalactor- 
rhoea (sak"ar-o-gal-ak-tor-e'ah) [Gr. <ra.Kxapov 
sugar 4- vaXa milk 4- polo. flow]. The secretion 
of milk containing an excess of sugar. 
saccharolytic (sak"ar-o-lit'ik) [Gr. <ra.Kxa.pov sugar 
4- Xvacs dissolution]. Capable of chemically 
splitting up sugar. 
saccharometabolic (sak"ar-o-met-ab-ol'ik). Per- 
taining to the metabolism of sugar. 
saccharometabolism (sak"ar-o-met-ab'o-lism). 
The metabolism of sugar. 
saccharometer (sak-ar-om'et-er). Same as 
saccharimeter. 
Saccharomyces (sak-ar-om'is-ez) [Gr. <?aKxa.pov 
sugar + pvKijs fungus]. Pl. saccharomyce'tes. A 
genus of ascomycetous fungi; the yeasts. They 
are oval or spheric, unicellular organisms which 
are distinguished by gemmation or budding. S. 
al'bicans, a pathogenic species causing thrush in 
the mouth: in white, oval, spheric, or cylindric 
cells, _ sometimes forming long filaments. S. 
an'ginse was found in a case of tonsillitis. S. 
apicula'tus, a species from fermenting fruit; 
its oval cells are joined at the ends. S. blanch- 
ar'di, a species that was found as a gelatinous 
mass weighing about 2 pounds in the peritoneal 
cavity. Busse ' S S., a form discovered in a patient 
with degenerated nodules in the bones and internal 
organs. S. capillit'ii, a species from the scalp, 
with spheric cells: said to cause pityriasis capitis. 
S. cerevis iae, a species with oval or spheric cells, 
from brewer's yeast: it causes alcoholic fermenta- 
tion. S. coprog'enus, a form from decomposing 
feces, in short chains of oval or spheric cells. S. 
ellipsoid'eus, a form from wine-yeast, forming 
elliptic cells, solitary or in branching chains: it 
causes alcoholic fermentation in wines. S. epi- 
der'mica. Same as Cryptococcus epidermidis. S. 
exig'uus, a form in beer-yeast: the cells are ellip- 
tic and solitary, or in branching chains: it causes 
late fermentation in beer. S. galactic'olus, a 
species from milk, with oval or elliptic cells: it 
produces a fermentation in milk. S. glu'tinis, a 
non-pathogenic species from air, potatoes, and the 
skin in seborrhea; its cells are cylindric, oval, or 
spheric: it forms a rosy pigment. S. granulo- 
mato'sus, a variety producing granulomatous 
tumors in pigs. S. guttula'tus, a species which 
is able to change glucose into alcohol. It is patho- 
genic for rats and guinea-pigs. S. hansen'ii, 
changes sugars into oxalic acid. S. hom'inis, a 
species occurring in chronic infectious pyemia. It 
is pathogenic for animals. S. Lemonnie'ri, a 
pathogenic fungus found in bronchitis (Sartory and 
Lasseur, 1915). S. litho'genes, a species 
from the lymph-glands of an ox suffering from 
carcinoma of the liver: pathogenic to animals. 
S. mesenter'icus, a species which causes a fer- 
mentation in fruit acids: it is found in fermenting 
fruits. S. mycoder'ma, a species from fer- 
menting liquors and diabetic urine, in which it 
produces a slight fermentation: seen in cylindric, 
oval, or elliptic cells, forming branched chains. 
S. neofor'mans, regarded by some as the germ 
of cancer. S. pastoria'nus, a species from fer- 
menting wine and beer: cells oval or clavate. S. 
ru'brum, a Brazilian species causing a para- 
psoriasic affection (Magalhaes, 1914). S. sub- 
cuta'neus tumefa'ciens, a species found 
in a myxoma of the thigh: pathogenic for animals. 
S. tumefa'ciens al'bus, a species discovered 
in certain cases of pharyngitis: pathogenic for 
mice, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. 
Saccharomycetes (sak"ar-o-mi-se'tez). A family 
of Ascomycetes, the members of which are usually 
unicellular and contain granules and ascospores. 
saccharomycetic (sak"ar-o-mi-set'ik). Due to 
the presence of yeast-fungi. 
saccharomycetolysis (sak"ar-o-mi-set-ol'is-is) 
[saccharomyces + Gr. \v<ris solution]. The split- 
ting up of saccharomyces. 
saccharomycosis (sak"ar-o-mi-ko'sis). 1. Any 
disease condition due to a yeast-fungus. 2. A 
skin disease in which nodules are seen filled with 
saccharomyces. See lymphangitis epizootica. 
saccharorrhea, saccharorrhoea (sak"ar-o-re'- 
ah) [Gr. <ra.Kxa.pov sugar 4- polo. flow]. Diabetes 
mellitus, or glycosuria. 
saccharose (sak'ar-6s) [L. sac'charum sugar]. Or- 
dinary cane-sugar or beet-sugar, C^E^On. It SACCHAROSURIA 
964 
SADDLE-NOSE 
is a disaccharid, crystallizing in prisms, soluble 
in water, and turning the plane of polarization to 
the fight. By boiling with acids and by the action 
of certain enzymes it is hydrolyzed and converted 
into dextrose and levulose. It is extensively used 
as a food and as a sweetening agent, and is much 
employed in pharmacy, forming the basis of 
syrups, electuaries, confections, etc. The name is 
extended to all the members of a series of sub- 
stances having the same chemic formula. They 
are glucosids of the monosaccharids. 
saccharosuria (sak"ar-o-su're-ah) [saccharose + 
Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence of saccharose in 
the urine. 
saccharum (sak'ar-um) [L.; Gr. aaKxapov]. i. 
Sugar, especially cane-sugar, or saccharose. 2. 
A genus of graminaceous plants. 5. officina'rum, 
sugar-cane, affords a large part of the commercial 
supply of sugar. See under sugar, s. acer'num, 
s. canaden'se, maple sugar, s. lac'tis, sugar 
of milk; lactose, s. us'tum, caramel. 
saccharuria (sak-ar-u're-ah) [Gr. aduxapop sugar + 
ovpov urine]. The presence of sugar in the urine. 
sacciform (sak'sif-orm) [L. sae'eus sac + for1 ma 
form]. Shaped like a sac or bag. 
saccular (sak'u-lar). Shaped like a sac. 
sacculated (sak'u-la-ted) [L. saccula' tus]. Char- 
acterized by sacculation or by saccules. 
sacculation (sak-u-la'shun). 1. A 'sacculus, or 
pouch. 2. The quality of being sacculated, or 
pursed out with little pouches. 
saccule (sak'ul) [L. sacculus]. 1. A little bag or 
sac. 2. That one of the two divisions of the 
membranous labyrinth of the vestibule of the ear 
which communicates with the ductus cochlearis. 
Called also sacculus proprius and vestibular saccule. 
sacculocochlear (sak"u-lo-kok'le-ar). Pertaining 
to the sacculus proprius and to the cochlea. 
sacculus (sak'u-lus), pl. sac'culi [L.]. 1. A little 
bag filled with herbs or medicines, to be worn 
upon the body. 2. Any saccule, pouch, or bursa. 3. 
See saccule (2d def.), s. commu'nis, the utricle 
of the ear: the larger of the two main divisions of 
the membranous labyrinth, s. endolymphat'- 
icus, a subdural lymph-space within the cranium, 
communicating by means of the endolymphatic 
duct with the membranous labyrinth of the ear. 
s. lacrimaTis, the lacrimal sac; a dilatation.at 
the upper end of the lacrimal duct. s. laryn'gis. 
See pouch, laryngeal, s. pro'prius, the saccule 
of the ear; the smaller of the two divisions of the 
membranous labyrinth, s. vestib'uli. Same 
as saccule (2d def.). 
saccus (sak'us), pl. sac'ci [L.; Gr. oclkkos]. A 
sac or pouch, s. endolymphat'icus [B N A]. 
See sacculus endolymphaticus. s. lacrima'lis [B 
N A], the lacrimal sac. See sac. 
Sachs-Georgi test [Hans Sachs, German bac- 
teriologist, born 1877; Walter Georgi, German 
bacteriologist, 1889-1920]. See under tests. 
Sachsse's solution, test (zahk'sez) [Georg 
Robert Sachsse, German chemist, 1840-1895]. See 
solution and tests. 
sacra media (sa'krah me'de-ah) [LJ. The middle 
sacral artery. 
sacrad (sa'krad). Toward the sacrum, or sacral 
aspect. 
sacral (sa'kral) [L. sacra'lis]. Pertaining to or 
situated near the sacrum. 
sacralgia (sa-kral'je-ah) [sacrum + Gr. aXyos pain]. 
Pain in the sacrum. 
sacralization (sa"kral-is-a'shun). Exaggerated de- 
velopment of the transverse processes of the fifth 
lumbar vertebra until they look like parts of the 
sacrum. 
sacratama (sah-krah-tah'mah). Pirquet's word 
formula to indicate a child in normal nutrition, in 
which 5 stands for sanguis (blood), cr for crasitudo 
(fat), t for turgor (water content), and m for 
musculus (musculature). The a after each of 
these letters represents the normal. By changing 
the vowels the intensity of any of the four qualities 
may be indicated: i indicating excessive, e abun- 
dant, a medium or normal, o reduced, and u slight. 
For instance, so would indicate reduced hemoglobin; 
era, medium amount of fat; la medium turgor; 
mu, very weak musculature; i. e., socratamu = a 
moderately anemic, well-nourished, fairly rounded- 
out child of weak muscular development. 
sacrectomy (sa-krek'to-me) [sacrum + Gr. 
excision]. Excision of the sacrum for cancer of 
the rectum; Kraske's operation. 
sacriplex (sa'krip-leks). The sacral plexus. 
sacro-anterior (sa"kro-an-te're-or). Having the 
sacrum directed forward. 
sacrococainization (sa"kro-ko-ka-in-iz-a'shun). 
Injection of cocain into the spinal canal, the needle 
being introduced into the sacrolumbar space at the 
first sacral vertebra. 
sacrococcygeal (sa"kro-kok-sij'e-al). Pertaining 
to the sacrum and coccyx. 
sacrococcygeus anti'eus (sa"kro-kok-sij'e-us). 
The curvator coccygis muscle. 
sacrococcyx (sa-kro-kok'siks). The sacrum and 
coccyx together. 
sacrocoxalgia (sa"kro-koks-al'je-ah). Same as 
s aero coxitis. 
sacrocoxitis (sa"kro-kok-si'tis) [sacrum + L. co'xa 
hip]. Inflammation of the sacro-iliac joint. 
sacrodynia (sa-kro-din'e-ah) [sacrum + Gr. bbvwp 
pain]. Pain in the sacral region. 
sacro-iliac (sa-kro-il'e-ak). Pertaining to the 
sacrum and ilium. 
sacrolumbalis (sa"kro-lum-ba'lis) [L.]. See mus- 
cles, table of. 
sacrolumbar (sa-kro-lum'bar) [sacrum + L. lum'- 
bus loin]. Pertaining to the sacrum and the loin. 
sacroperineal (sa"kro-per-in-e'al). Pertaining to 
the sacrum and the perineum. 
sacroposterior (sa"kro-pos-te're-or). Having the 
sacrum directed backward. 
sacropromontdry (sa-kro-prom'on-to-re). The 
promontory of the sacrum. 
sacrosciatic (sa"kro-si-at'ik) [sacro- + sciatic]. 
Pertaining to the sacrum and the ischium. 
sacrospinal (sa-kro-spi'nal) [sacrum + L. spi'na 
spine]. Pertaining to the sacrum and the spine, 
or vertebral column. 
sacrospinalis (sa"kro-spi-na'lis). See under 
Muscles, table of. 
sacrotomy (sa-krot'o-me) [sacrum + Gr. repveiv 
to cut]. The operation of cutting out the lower 
end of the sacrum. 
sacro-uterine (sa-kro-u'ter-in). Pertaining to the 
sacrum and the uterus. 
sacrovertebral (sa-kro-ver'te-bral). Pertaining 
to the sacrum and the vertebrae. 
sacrum (sa'krum) [L. "sacred"]. The triangular 
bone situated dorsad and caudad from the two 
ilia. It is formed of five united vertebrae wedged 
in between the two innominate bones, assimila- 
tion S., a sacrum in which a lumbar vertebra is 
fused to the sacrum, or one in which the first sacral 
vertebra is free, resembling a lumbar vertebra. 
sactosalpinx (sak-to-sal'pinks) [Gr. aa kt6 s stuffed 
+ aaXTriy^ tube]. Dilatation of the inflamed ovi- 
duct from retention of its secretions: hydrosal- 
pinx in which the tube is distended to such an 
extent as to form large tumors. 
saddle (sad'l). A part or section of the base of an 
artificial denture carrying less than fourteen teeth. 
saddle-back (sad'l-bak). See lordosis. 
saddle-joint (sad'l-joint). A joint in which a 
convex surface fits into a concave one. 
saddle-nose (sad'l-noz). A nose with a bridge 
much depressed. SADISM 
965 
SALICIN 
sadism (sa'dizm) [Marquis de Sade]. Sexual per- 
version in which satisfaction is derived from the 
infliction of cruelty upon another. 
sadist (sa'dist). A practiser of sadism. 
sadistic (sa-dis'tik). Pertaining to sadism. 
Saemisch's operation, ulcer (sa'mishs) [Edwin 
Theodor Saemisch, ophthalmologist in Bonn, 1833- 
1909]. See operation, ulcer. 
Saenger's operation, suture (zeng'erz) [gyne- 
cologist in Prague, born 1853]. See operation, 
suture. 
Saenger's sign (zeng'erz) [Alfred Saenger, German 
neurologist, born 1853]. See sign. 
sseptum (sep'tum). Latin for septum. 
safety-tube (saf'te-). That part of the eustachian 
tube which is always open. 
safflower (saf'low-er). See Carthamus. 
saffron (saf'ron). See Crocus. Americans. See 
Carthamus. meadow-s. See Colchicum. s.- 
substitute, dinitrocresol, a poisonous yellow 
coal-tar dye. 
safranin (saf'ran-in). A poisonous substance, C18- 
Hi8N4: used as a pink stain in microscopy and 
as a test for sugar in the urine. See under test. 
It is a respiratory and cardiac poison. 
safranophil (saf-ran'o-fil) [safranin + Gr. <pi\eiv 
to love]. 1. Readily stained with safranin. 2. 
Any cell or element readily stained with safranin. 
safrene (saf'ren). A hydrocarbon, C10Hi8, ob- 
tained from sassafras. 
safrol (saf'rol). An oily, volatile, anodyne sub- 
stance, the methylene ether of allyl dioxybenzene, 
C3H5.C6H3.O2.CH2, from sassafras oil: useful in 
headache and neuritis. Dose, 20-30 min. (1.333-2 
c.c.). 
sagapenum (sag-ap-e'num) [L.; Gr. aayair^vov]. 
A fetid gum-resin from Fer'ula per'sica, much 
like galbanum and asafetida: little used. 
sage (saj). A labiate plant, Sal'via officina'lis. 
See Salvia. 
sagittal (saj'it-al) [L. sagitta'Us; sagit'ta arrow]. 
Shaped like or resembling an arrow. 
Sagnac rays (san-yak'). See under ray. 
sago (sa'go). A starch mainly derived from the 
pith of various species of palm, chiefly of the 
genus Sa'gus. 
sagradin (sag-ra'din). A proprietary preparation 
of cascara sagrada: aperient. 
sagrotan (sag'ro-tan). Chlor-m-kresol, an anti- 
septic used in disinfecting the sputum of phthisis. 
sagur (sa'gur). An astringent gall formed on cer- 
tain East Indian tamarisks. 
Sahli's desmoid reaction, test, whistle 
(sah'lez) [Herman Sahli, physician in Bern, born 
1856]. See under reaction, tests, and whistle. 
Saigon cinnamon (si-gon'). See cinnamon. 
Saint Anthony's fire. Erysipelas. 
St. John Long's liniment [John St. John Long, 
an English quack and portrait painter, 1800-1837]. 
See liniment. 
Saint Vitus' dance. Chorea. 
saiodin (sa-i'o-din). See sajodin. 
sajina (sah-je'nah). An East Indian plant, Mo- 
rin'ga pterygosper'ma: used in rheumatism and 
dyspepsia. 
sajodin (saj'o-din). A colorless or yellowish powder, 
calcium monoiodobehenate, (C2iH42l.CO.O)2Ca: 
used like the iodids. Dose, 15-45 gr- (i_3 gm.) 
daily. 
sakushu fever (sah-koo'shoo). See under fever. 
sal (sal). Latin for salt. s. acetosel'la, potas- 
sium binoxalate. s. aera'tus, potassium bi- 
carbonate. s. alem'broth. See alembroth. s. 
ammoniac, ammonium chlorid. s. caroli'- 
num facti'tum, artificial Carlsbad salt. s. 
commu'nis, common salt; sodium chlorid. S. 
dam'mar, an aromatic resin from the sal-tree, 
Sho'rea robus'ta, of India, s. de duo'bus, potas- 
sium sulphate, s. diuret'icum, potassium ace- 
tate. s. enix'um, potassium bisulphate, s. 
ethyl, a proprietary preparation of ethyl salicy- 
late in gelatin globules containing 5 min. (0.33 c.c.). 
s. hepat'ica, a proprietary eServescent saline 
laxative and uric acid solvent, s. kissingen'se 
facti'tum, artificial Kissingen salt. s. pol'~ 
ychrest, potassium sulphate with sulphur, s. 
prunel'la, potassium nitrate in balls, s. so'dae, 
sodium carbonate, s. vichya'num facti'tum, 
artificial Vichy salt. s. volat'ile, s. volat'ilis, 
ammonium carbonate. 
salacetin (sal-as-e'tin). Phenylamin acetosali- 
cylate: used as an antiseptic, analgesic, and uric- 
acid solvent. 
salacetol (sal-as-e'tol). A crystalline compound 
of acetone and salicylic acid, OH.C6H4.COO.CH2.- 
CO.CH3: antirheumatic and antiseptic. Dose, 
30-45 gr. (2-3 gm.). Called also salicylacetol and 
salantol. 
salactol (sal-ak'tol). A compound of sodium 
salicylate, sodium lactate, and hydrogen dioxid: 
used in diphtheria. 
salamanderin (sal-am-an'der-in). A poisonous 
base, C34H8oN205, from the skin of a species of 
salamander. 
salamid (sal-am'id). An amid derivative of sal- 
icylic acid or from the oil of gaultheria: anti- 
rheumatic. 
salantol (sal-an'tol). See salacetol. 
salarabin (sal-ar'ab-in). A proprietary antidiar- 
rheic and intestinal astringent for veterinary work. 
salazolon (sal-az'o-lon). Salipyrin. 
salborol (sal-bor'ol). An antirheumatic and anti- 
septic compound containing boric acid and salol. 
salbromalid (sal-bro'mal-id). A proprietary com- 
pound containing salicylic acid, ammonium bro- 
mid, and acetanilid: antirheumatic. Same as 
antinervin. 
saldanin (sal'dan-in). A locally anesthetic alka- 
loid from Datu'ra arbo'reum, a Mexican tree or 
shrub. 
salen (sal'en). A proprietary mixture of methyl 
and ethylglycolic esters of salicylic acid. 
salenal (sal'en-al). A proprietary ointment of 
salen. 
salep (sa'lep). The dried tubers of various spe- 
cies of orchid: nutritious and demulcent, and 
reputed to be aphrodisiac. 
saleratus (sal-er-a'tus). Potassium bicarbonate, 
KHCO3. 
salethyl (sal-eth'il). A proprietary ethyl salic- 
ylate, said to be chemically pure. 
salfene (sal'fen). A proprietary analgesic, anti- 
septic, and antispasmodic mixture. Dose, 5-10 
gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
salhypnone (sal-hip'non). Benzoylmethylsalicylic 
acid ester, C8H4O(COC8H5)COOCH3: an antiseptic 
in colorless needles. 
sa'lia effervescen'tia. Effervescent salts; the 
N. F. name for preparations made by adding so- 
dium bicarbonate and tartaric and citric acids to 
the active salt. 
salibromin (sal-ib-ro'min). White crystals of 
dibrom-salicylic-methyl-ester. 
salicaine (sal-ik-a'in). A proprietary brand of 
saligenin. 
salicamar (sal"ik-am-ar/). A clear, syrupy fluid, 
CH2OH. CHOH. CH2O. C6H4. CO2.CH2CHOH.CH2- 
OH, a glycerin ester of glycerosalicylic acid: anti- 
rheumatic and stomachic. 
salicidol (sal-is'id-ol). A proprietary form of mer- 
cury salicylate. 
salicin (sal'is-in) [L. sa'lix willow], A bitter tonic 
and antiperiodic glucosid, CeHnOa.O.Ce^.CHiOH, in white, powdery crystals, from willow and poplar. 
Ptyalin and emulsin hydrolyze it to glucose and 
ortho-oxybenzyl alcohol. It is used in rheumatism, 
and, like quinin, in intermittent fever, coryza, and 
neuralgia. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.). 
salicitrin (sal-is-it'rin). Novaspirin. 
salicol (sal'ik-ol). A proprietary combination of 
methyl alcohol, oil of gaultheria, salicylic acid, 
and water: antiseptic. 
salicyl (sal'is-il). The supposed radical, C7H5O2, 
of salicylic acid. s. salicylic acid, diplosal. 
salicylacetol (sal"is-il-as-e'tol). Same as salacetol. 
salicylage (sal'is-il-aj). The treatment of food- 
substances with salicylic acid so as to preserve them. 
salicylal (sal-is-il'al). Salicylic aldehyd. See al- 
dehyd. 
salicylaldehyd (sal-is-il-al'de-hid). Salicylous acid. 
See under acid. 
salicylamid (sal"is-il-am'id). A yellow, analgesic 
and antirheumatic crystalline derivative of methyl 
salicylate, C6H4(OH)CO.NH2, the amid of salicylic 
acid. It is used like salicylic acid. Dose, 3-5 gr. 
(0.2-0.33 gm.). 
salicylanilid (sal"is-il-an'il-id). A compound 
formed by heating a mixture of salicylic acid, ani- 
lin, and phosphorus trichlorid. 
salifeylase (sal-is'il-as). An enzyme oxidizing salicyl 
aldehyd into salicylic acid. 
salicylate (sal'si-il-at). Any salt of salicylic acid. 
The salicylates are used like salicylic acid in 
rheumatism. The official salicylates are those 
of lithium, methyl, sodium, and physostigmin. 
salicylated (sal'is-il-a-ted). Containing or im- 
pregnated with salicylic acid. 
salicylbromanilid (sal"is-il-brom-an'il-id). Same 
as salbromilid. 
salicylic (sal-is-il'ik). Pertaining to the radical 
salicyl, s. acid. See acid. 
salicylid (sal'is-il-id). Salicylous acid. See under 
acid. 
salicylism (sal'is-il-izm). The toxic effects of 
excessive dosage with salicylic acid or its salts. 
salicylize (sal'is-il-iz). To treat with or bring 
under the influence of salicylic acid. 
salicylol (sal'is-il-ol). A fragrant volatile liquid, 
CzHsO2, obtainable from salicin and from vari- 
ous plants. 
salicylquinin (sal"is-il-kwin'in). Saloquinin. 
salicyl-resorcinol (sal"is-il-re-zor'sin-ol). An 
analgesic, antipyretic, and antiseptic compound, 
C13H10O, derived from salicylic aldehyd and 
resorcinol. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.33-1 gm.). 
salicyl-resorcinol-ketone. Trioxybenzophenone: 
an antiseptic used in skin diseases and in typhoid 
fever. Dose, 45-60 gr. (3-4 gm.). 
salicyluric acid (sal-is-il-u'rik). See acid. 
salicylysin (sal-is-il'is-in). A proprietary make of 
thiosinamin salicylate. 
Salifebrin (sal-ef-e'brin). Salicylanilid, a white, 
antiseptic powder, C13HnNO2: antineuralgic and 
antipyretic: used in rheumatism and malaria. 
salifiable (sal'if-i-ab-1) [L. sal salt + ji'eri to be- 
come]. Capable of combining with acids so as 
to form salts. 
saliformin (sal-if-or'min). Formin, or urotropin, 
salicylate, (Clfele^.CglWOHhCOOH, a white, 
soluble, crystalline powder. It is soluble in water 
and alcohol, and is used as an antiseptic and a 
solvent of uratic deposits. Daily dose, 15-30 
gr. (1-2 gm.). 
salify (sal'if-i). To convert into a salt. 
saligallol (sal-ig-al'ol). Disalicylate of pyro- 
gallol, (OH.CgH^COO^CbHs.OH; a resin-like sub- 
stance: used externally in skin diseases, and as a 
vehicle of various applications used as varnishes. 
saligenin (sal-ij'en-in). Salicylic alcohol, OH.Ce- 
SALICITRIN 
966 
H4.CH2OH, ortho-oxybenzyl alcohol; derivable 
from salicin and convertible into salicylic acid. 
It occurs in colorless scales or needles, soluble in 
alcohol, ether, and hot water: used in rheumatism, 
typhoid, and malarial fever. It is a local anes- 
thetic similar in action to novocain. Dose, 7J-15 
gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
saligenol (sal-ij'en-ol). Same as saligenin. 
salimenthol (sal-im-en'thol). A light yellowish 
fluid, the salicylic-acid ester of menthol: used as 
an anodyne in capsules. 
salimeter (sal-im'et-er) [L. sal salt + me'trum 
measure]. A hydrometer for ascertaining the 
strength of saline solutions. 
salinaphthol (sal-in-af'tol). See betol. 
saline (sa'lin) [L. sali'nus; sal salt]. Salty; of 
the nature of a salt; containing a salt or salts. 
salinigrin (sal-in-i'grin). A glucosid, C!3H18O7, 
from the bark of willow: used like salicin. 
saliodin (sal-i'o-din). A proprietary preparation 
for the treatment of uric-acid diathesis. 
saliphen (sal'if-en). See saliphenin. 
saliphenin (sal-if-e'nin). Salicyl-paraphenetidin, 
C6H4(OC2H5)NH.C6H5(OH)CO: an antipyretic. 
salipyrin (sal-ip-i'rin). Antipyrin salicylate, C11H12- 
N2O.(OH)CbH4.COOH, a crystalline substance, 
somewhat soluble in water, and containing about 
58 parts of salicylic acid and 42 parts of antipyrin. 
It is soluble in 200 parts of cold and 25 parts of 
boiling water; freely soluble in alcohol and ether. 
It is an anodyne and antipyretic, and is used in 
rheumatism, neuralgia, and hectic fever. Dose, 
15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
saliretin (sal-ir-e'tin). A whitish-yellow, resinous 
substance, CI4H14O3, obtainable from salicin or 
saligenin. 
saliseparin (sal-is-ep'ar-in). See parillin. 
salit (sal'it). An oily fluid, a salicylic acid ester of 
borneol, CioHnO.Cd.CsIDOH, insoluble in water, 
but freely soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. It is 
split up in the body into salicylic acid and borneol. 
It is applied by inunction in a mixture with an 
equal part of olive oil. 
salitannol (sal-it-an'ol). A white, amorphous 
powder, C14H10O7: a derivative of salicylic and 
gallic acids: insoluble in water, ether, and chlo- 
roform, but slightly soluble in alcohol. It is a sur- 
gical antiseptic. 
salithymol (sal-ith-i'mol). Thymol ester of sali- 
cylic acid, C8H3(CII3)(C3H7)O.COC8H4(OH), a 
white and sweet, crystalline powder: soluble in 
alcohol or ether; slightly in water. It is used as 
an internal antiseptic. 
salitonia (sal-it-o'ne-ah). A proprietary stomach 
remedy. 
saliva (sal-i'vah) [L.]. The, spittle; a clear, alka- 
line, somewhat viscid, digestive fluid secreted by 
the salivary glands. It contains ptyalin, a di- 
gestive ferment, and serves to moisten and soften 
the food, keeps the mouth moist, and converts 
starch into maltose. The saliva also contains 
mucin, serum-albumin, globulin, leukocytes, 
epithelial debris, and potassium thiocyanate. 
Certain toxins frequently occur in it. chorda- 
S., submaxillary saliva produced in response to 
stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve. It is 
less viscid and turbid than that of the unstimu- 
lated gland, ganglionic S., that which is ob- 
tained by irritating the submaxillary gland, 
lingual S., that which is secreted by Ebner's 
glands and other serous glands of the tongue, 
parotid s., that which is produced by the parotid 
gland. It is thinner and less viscid than the 
other varieties, containing no mucin, sublin- 
gual S., that of the sublingual gland, the most 
viscid of all. submaxillary s., that of the sub- 
maxillary gland, sympathetic s., the secretion 
of the submaxillary gland on stimulation of its 
SALIVA sympathetic nerve-supply. It is more viscid and 
turbid than that of the unstimulated gland. 
salivant (sal'iv-ant). Provoking a flow of saliva. 
salivary (sal'iv-a-re) [L. saliva'rius]. Pertaining 
to the saliva. 
salivate (sal'iv-at). To produce an excessive flow 
of saliva. 
salivation (sal-iv-a'shun) [L. saliva'tio]. An ex- 
cessive discharge of saliva; ptyalism. 
salivator (sal'iv-a-tor). An agent which salivates, 
salivatory (sal'iv-at-o-re). Causing salivation, 
salivin (sal'iv-in). Ptyalin. 
salivolithiasis (sal-i"vo-lith-i'as-is) [saliva + Gr. 
Xl0os stone]. Formation of a salivary calculus. 
Salix (sa'liks) [L. for willow], A genus of trees 
and shrubs: the willows. The bark is a bitter 
tonic, containing salicin. See willow. 
Salkowski's test (sal-kow'skez) [Ernst Leopold 
Salkowski, physiologic chemist in Berlin, 1844- 
1923]. See under tests. 
sallenders (sal'en-derz). See mallanders. 
salmester (sal-mes'ter). See mesotan. 
salmin (sal'min). A protamin from the spermatozoa 
of the salmon. 
Salmonella (sam-o-nel'ah) [Daniel Elmer Salmon, 
American pathologist, 1850-1914]. A name given 
to the Bacillus suipestifer, formerly known as 
Bacillus cholera suis. 
salmonellosis (sam-o-nel-o'sis). An infectious 
disease of hogs having a low degree of contagious- 
ness, caused by the Bacillus suipestifer and resem- 
bling hog-cholera in its symptoms and lesions. 
Salo (sa'lo). A proprietary disinfectant and deo- 
dorizer. 
salochinin (sal-o-kin'in). See saloquinin. 
salocoll (sal'o-kol). Phenocoll salicylate, C2H5O.- 
C6H4.NH.CO.CH2.NH2.C7H6O3, a crystalline salt: 
used as an antirheumatic and antipyretic. Dose, 
10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 gm.). 
salocreol (sal-o-kre'ol). A salicylic ac'd derivative 
of beech-wood creosote phenols: used by inunction 
in rheumatism, erysipelas, gout, etc. 
salol (sa'lol). 1. Phenyl salicylate, OH.C5H4.CO.- 
O.CeHs, a white, crystalline powder, nearly 
insoluble in water, but soluble in chloroform, 
ether, oils, and in 10 parts of alcohol. It is split 
up in the intestine into salicylic acid and phenol. 
It is an antirheumatic, antiseptic, and antipyretic, 
and is used in neuralgia and rheumatism, in jaun- 
dice, and in gonorrhea to sterilize the bladder con- 
tents. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.). 2. Any one 
of that group of the esters of salicylic acid to which 
normal salol belongs, acetyl s. See spiroform. 
s.-camphor, a compound of 3 parts of salol 
and 1 part of camphor, forming a colorless, oily 
liquid: used as a local antiseptic, s. chloral, 
an oily liquid, a compound of salol and hydrated 
chloral, used as a hypnotic and antiseptic. 
Salomon's test (sal'o-monz) [Hugo Salomon, con- 
temporary physician in Vienna]. See under tests. 
Salop (sal'op). Same as salep. 
Salophen (sal'o-fen). Acetyl paraminophenyl sal- 
icylate, C6H4(OH).COO.C6H4.NH.CO.CH3, a crys- 
talline substance containing 50 per cent, of salicylic 
acid. It is used like the latter in acute rheumatism, 
and also as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 15-90 
gr. (1-6 gm.). 
salophenin (sal-o-fe'nin). Salophen. 
saloquinin (sa-lo-kwin'in). A crystalline sub- 
stance, OH.C6H4.CO.O.C20H23N2O, the salicylic 
acid ester of quinin. It is soluble in alcohol and 
ether, is tasteless and non-toxic. It is used like 
quinin in rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, typhoid 
fever, etc. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). Also called 
salochinin. s. salicylate. Same as rheumatin. 
salosantal (sa-lo-san'tal). A preparation of salol 
SALIVANT 
967 
and oil of santal: used in gonorrhea, cystitis, 
and nephritis. Dose, 10-20 min. (0.66-1.33 c.c.). 
salpingectomy (sal-pin-jek'to-me) [Gr. adX7riy£ 
tube + eKrouv excision]. Surgical removal of an 
oviduct. 
salpingemphraxis (sal"pin-jem-fraks'is) [Gr. aaX- 
tube + stoppage]. Obstruction of 
an oviduct or of the eustachian tube. 
salpingian (sal-pin'je-an) [Gr. aaXir^ tube]. Per- 
taining to an oviduct or to a eustachian tube. S. 
dropsy, hydrosalpinx. 
salpingion (sal-pin'je-on). A point at the apex of 
the petrous bone on its lower surface. 
salpingitic (sal-pin-jit'ik). Pertaining to sal- 
pingitis. 
salpingitis (sal-pin-ji'tis) [Gr. aaXTriy^ tube]. In- 
flammation of an oviduct or of the eustachian 
tube, chronic vegetating s., a form character- 
ized by marked hypertrophy of the mucosa of 
the oviduct, hemorrhagic s., that which at- 
tends rupture of a blood-vessel and effusion of 
blood, interstitial s., that which is attended 
with hyperplasia of the connective tissue, mural 
s., parenchymatous s. See pachysalpin- 
gitis. nodular s., a form attended with the 
growth of nodules in the walls and mucosa of 
the tube. s. prof'luens, salpingitis in which 
the discharge has been locked up in the tube for 
a time, but afterward discharges, pseudofollic- 
ular s., that which is characterized by agglu- 
tination of the walls of the tube, causing a forma- 
tion of saccules, purulent s., inflammation of 
the oviduct attended with suppuration, tuber- 
culous s., a nodular salpingitis due to the tuber- 
cle bacillus. 
salpingocatheterism (sal-ping-o-kath'et-er-izm). 
The catheterization of a eustachian tube. 
salpingocele (sal-ping'o-sel) [Gr. aaXTriy^ tube + 
K17X77 hernia]. Hernial protrusion of a fallopian 
tube. 
salpingocyesis (sal-ping"o-si-e'sis) [Gr. aaXiriy^ 
tube + xvTjcris pregnancy]. Pregnancy in an 
oviduct. 
salpingomalleus (sal-ping"o-mal'e-us). The 
tensor tympani muscle. 
salpingo-oophorectomy (sal"ping-o-o"of-o-rek'- 
to-me) [Gr. aaKiriy^ tube + oophorectomy]. Surgi- 
cal removal of an oviduct and ovary. 
salpingo-odphoritis, salpingo-ovaritis (sal"- 
ping-o-o"of-o-ri'tis, sal-ping"o-o-var-i'tis) [salpin- 
gitis + oophoritis]. Inflammation of an oviduct 
and an ovary. 
salpingo-obphorocele (sal-ping"o-o-of-or'o-sel) 
[salpingocele + oophorocele]. Hernia containing 
the ovary and fallopian tube. 
salpingo-odthecitis (sal-ping"o-o-o-the-si'tis) 
[Gr. aaXircy^ tube 4- <jjof)r)K.ri ovary + -iris 
inflammation]. Salpingo-oophoritis. 
salpingo-oothecocele (sal-ping"o-o-o-the'ko- 
sel) [Gr. o-aXrriy^ tube + ipof)r)Kr) ovary + Kr/Xr) 
hernia]. Hernia of the ovary and oviduct. 
salpingo-obthectomy (sal-ping"o-o-o-thek'to- 
me) [Gr. aaXircy^ tube + QoOrjKi) ovary -f- 
eKTop.-q excision], Salpingo-oophorectomy. 
salpingo-ovariectomy (sal-ping"o-o-va-re-ek'to- 
me). Same as salpingo-oophorectomy. 
salpingo-ovariotomy (sal"pin-go-o"va-re-ot'o- 
me). Same as salpingo-oophorectomy. 
salpingoperitonitis (sal-ping"o-per-it-o-ni'tis). 
Inflammation of the peritoneum lining the fallo- 
pian tube. 
salpingopexy (sal-ping'o-pek-se) [Gr. aaXTriy^ 
tube + fixation]. The operation of fixing 
the fallopian tube. 
salpingopharyngeal (sal-ping"o-far-in'je-al)- 
Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the pharynx- 
salpingopharyngeus (sal-ping"o-far-in'je-us). 
The levator palati muscle. 
SALPI NGOPH ARYNGEUS SALPINGORRHAPHY 
968 
SALVARSAN NATRIUM 
salpingorrhaphy (sal-ping-or'a-fe) [Gr. aaXirr^ 
tube + paipy suture]. The stitching of an ovi- 
duct to its ovary after a partial removal of the 
latter. 
salpingosalpingostomy (sal-ping"o-sal-ping-os'- 
to-me). The operation of implanting a fallopian 
tube that has been operated on into its fellow. 
salpingoscope (sal-ping'o-skop) [Gr. uaXiriy^ 
tube + vKoireiv to examine]. An instrument for 
exploring the nasopharynx and eustachian tube. 
salpingostaphyline (sal-pin"go-staf'il-in). Per- 
taining to the eustachian tube and the uvula. 
salpingostaphylinus (sal-ping"o-staf-il-i'nus) 
[Gr. oaXiriy^ tube + <sra<pvM] uvula]. The tensor 
palati muscle. 
salpingostomatomy (sal-pin"go-sto-mat'o-me) 
[Gr. <raX7ri7£ tube + aropa mouth + -ropf cut]. 
The operation of resecting a portion of the oviduct 
and forming a new abdominal ostium. 
salpingostomy (sal-ping-os'to-me) [Gr. aaXiriyS 
tube + or 6 p.a mouth]. The formation of an 
opening or fistula into an oviduct for the purpose 
of drainage, 
salpingotomy (sal-ping-ot'o-me) [Gr. adXTr^fj 
tube + repoecv to cut]. Surgical incision of an 
oviduct. 
salpingo-ureterostomy (sal-ping"o-u-re-ter-os'- 
to-me) [Gr. aaXiriy^ tube + ureter + Gr. aropa 
mouth]. The operation of making an anastomosis 
between the ureter and the fallopian tube. 
salpingysterocyesis (sal-pin-jis"ter-o-si-e'sis) 
[Gr. aaXiriy^ tube + varepa womb + kvt)<hs 
pregnancy]. Pregnancy partly in the oviduct and 
partly in the uterus. 
salpinx (sal'pinks) [Gr. ffaXiriy^ tube]. 1. An 
oviduct. 2. A eustachian tube. 
salpyrin (sal-pi'rin). Same as salipyrin. 
salseparisin (sal-sep-ar-i'sin). See parillin. 
salt (sawlt) [L. sal; Gr. aXs]. 1. Sodium chlorid, 
or common salt. 2. Any compound of a base 
or radical and an acid; any compound of an acid 
some of whose replaceable hydrogen atoms have 
been substituted, acid s., any salt in which the 
combining power of the acid is not completely 
exhausted, bakers' S., ammonium carbonate: 
sometimes used in leavening cakes, basic s., 
any salt with more than the normal proportion of 
the basic elements, bay-s., common salt derived 
from sea-water, bile s., the salt of a bile acid, 
buffer s., a salt, such as sodium bicarbonate and 
sodium phosphate, in the blood, which is able to 
absorb acid or alkali without a corresponding 
change in hydrogen-ion concentration. Carls- 
bad S., a mixture of sodium sulphate, potassium 
sulphate, sodium chlorid, and sodium bicarbonate, 
common s., sodium chlorid, NaCl. Crab 
Orchard s., a complex saline obtained by evap- 
orating the water of a spring at Crab Orchard, 
Ky. diuretic s., potassium acetate, CH3.- 
COOK. double s., any salt in which the 
hydrogen atoms of the acid have been replaced 
by two metals. Epsom s., magnesium sulphate. 
Everitt's S., iron and potassium cyanid. S. 
frog, Cohnheim's frog; a frog whose blood has 
been entirely removed from the vessels and re- 
placed by a salt solution. Gettysburg s., a salt 
compound obtained from the water of a lithic 
spring at Gettysburg, Pa. Glauber's s., sodium 
sulphate, haloid s., any binary compound of a 
halogen-i. e., of chlorin, iodin, bromin, fluorin. 
Homberg's sedative s., boracic acid, micro- 
cosmic S., sodium and ammonium phosphate. 
Monsel's s., iron subsulphate: a brown and 
highly styptic substance, neutral s., normal 
S., any salt which is neither acid nor basic, pan- 
creatic S., a mixture of the pancreatic ferments 
with common salt: used as a digestant, peptic 
S., common salt mixed with pepsin: used as a di- 
gestant. Plimmer's s., antimony sodiotartrate: 
used in trypanosome infection. Preston's S., 
smelling s., aromatized ammonium carbonate: 
stimulant and restorative, s.-rheum, chronic 
eczema. Rochelle s., potassium and sodium 
tartrate. Siegnette's s. Same as Rochelle s. 
s. solution. See solution. 
saltation (sal-ta'shun) [L. salta'tio], Chorea, or 
the dancing which sometimes accompanies it. 
saltatorial (sal-tat-o're-al). Saltatoric. 
saltatoric, saltatory (sal-tat-o'rik, sal'tat-o-re). 
Marked by leaping or dancing. See spasm. 
Salter's incremental lines (sawl'terz) [Sir James 
A. Salter, English dentist of the nineteenth cen- 
tury], See under line. 
salt-fever. See fever. 
salt-free diet. See dechloridation. 
saltpeter (sawlt-pe'ter) [L. salpe'tra or sal pe'traf 
Potassium nitrate, KNO3. 
salts (sawlts). A saline purgative. See Epsom s., 
Glauber's s., Rochelle s., under salt. 
salt-sac (sawlt-sak). See under sac. 
salubrin (sal'u-brin). A preparation containing 
alcohol, acetic acid, acetic ether, and water: anti- 
septic and hemostatic: used externally and in 
gargles. 
salubrious (sal-u'bre-us) [L. salu'bris]. Conducive 
to health; wholesome. 
salubrol (sal'u-brol). Tetrabromomethylene di- 
antipyrin: a product of the action of bromin on 
methylene and antipyrin: a harmless and inodorous 
powder, antiseptic and hemostatic: used like 
iodoform. 
saludador (sah-loo-thah-thor') [Sp. " a healer "]. 
In Spain, a person who professes to be able to 
restore the health by the exercise of mysterious 
natural powers. 
salufer (sal'u-fer) [L. sa'lus health + fer're to 
bring]. An antiseptic and astringent solution of 
sodium silicofluorid. 
salumin (sal'u-min). Aluminum salicylate, A1(OH.- 
C6H4.CO.O)3, a reddish powder, used as an as- 
tringent and disinfectant in rhinitis and pharyn- 
gitis. insoluble s., pure salumin in powder: 
used in nasal and throat diseases, soluble s., 
salumin rendered soluble by ammonia and used in 
a solution. 
salunguene (sal-un'gwen). A proprietary salicylic 
ester salve: used in veterinary practice. 
salusol (sal'u-sol). A proprietary astringent, an- 
tiseptic, and germicide, being a compound spirit 
of acetic ether. 
salutarium (sal-u-ta're-um) [L. sa'lus health], A 
resort for the preservation of health. 
salutary (sal'u-ta-re) [L. saluta'ris]. Favorable to 
the preservation and restoration of health. 
salvacea (sal-va'se-ah). A proprietary soothing 
medicine for outward use. 
salvarsan (sal'var-san). The trade name of the 
Ehrlich-Hata preparation "606," or diaminodi- 
hydroxy-arsenobenzene dihydrochlorid, [OH.CeHs- 
(NH2.HC1).As:]2: used in the treatment of syphilis, 
yaws, pernicious malaria, pernicious anemia, and 
other protozoan infections. It is a yellowish pow- 
der which rapidly oxydizes on exposure to air, and 
is, therefore, put up in vacuum tubes. As the acid 
solution is very painful, the substance is converted, 
immediately before injection, into an unstable 
sodium salt by the addition of sodium hydroxid 
solution. The administration is made either deeply 
into the muscles of the buttock or else subcuta- 
neously. The average dose is 0.5 gm. for each 60 
kilos (132 pounds) of body weight, s. copper, a 
yellowish-red powder, a combination of salvarsan 
and copper: suggested by Ehrlich for use in pro- 
tozoan infections, s. milk. See under milk. 
salvarsanized serum (sal-var'san-izd). See 
serum. 
salvarsanna trium (sal"var-san-na'tre-um). So- 
dium salvarsan; a derivative of salvarsan so pre- pared that when dissolved in distilled water its 
solution has the same composition as solutions of 
salvarsan prepared by neutralization with sodium 
hydrate. 
salvatella (sal-vat-el'ah) [L.]. A small vein of 
the little finger and dorsum of the hand. 
salve (sahv). A thick ointment or cerate. See 
ointment. Deshler's s., compound resin cerate, 
fetron s., a salve composed of from 3 to 5 per 
cent, of the anilid of stearic acid with vaselin. 
mother's s., brown ointment. 
salvelin (sal-ve'lin). A protamin from the sperm 
of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush. 
salveol (sal've-ol). An antiseptic solution of so- 
dium creosotate in cresol. 
Salvia (sal've-ah) [L.]. A genus of labiate plants. 
The leaves of 5. officina'lis, sage, contain a volatile 
oil, and are sudorific, carminative, and astringent: 
used in sore throat and as an application to ulcers, 
also for the purpose of checking excessive milk 
secretion. Dose of fluidextract, J-i fl.dr. (1-4 c.c.). 
salvin (sal'vin). A preparation of ethereal silica- 
ceratin, used in skin diseases. 
salviol (sal've-ol). An eleopten, Ci0H16O, from 
the volatile oil of Sal'via officina'lis. 
salvosal (sal'vo-sal). See solvosal. 
Salzer's operation, test-meal (salz'erz) [Fritz 
Adolf Salzer, surgeon in Utrecht, born 1858]. See 
operation and test-meal. 
samaderin (sam-ad'er-in). A light-yellow, bitter, 
crystalline principle from the fruit and bark of 
Samad'era in'dica. It paralyzes the voluntary 
muscles and quickens the respiration. 
samandaridin (sam-an-dar'id-in). An alkaloid 
from the skin of various salamanders: less poisonous 
than samandarin. 
samandarin (sam-an'dar-in). A poisonous alka- 
loid from the skin of various salamanders. 
samarium (sam-a're-um). A very rare metallic 
element; symbol, Sm; atomic weight, 150.4. 
sambucin (sam-bu'sin). A proprietary diuretic 
tincture of the bark of Sambu'cus ni'gra. 
Sambucus (sam-bu'kus) [L. " the elder-tree "]. A 
genus of caprifoliaceous trees and shrubs; elder. 
The flowers of 5. canaden'sis or S. ni'gra are sudor- 
ific, and are used as a dressing for wounds, burns, 
ulcers, etc. The berries are sudorific and altera- 
tive. A 'qua sam'buci is used as a flavoring agent. 
samol (sam'ol). An ointment containing 25 per 
cent, of salimenthol. 
samshu (sam-shoo'). A Chinese spirit distilled from 
rice. 
sanal (sa'nal). A proprietary surgical antiseptic. 
sanarthrit (san-ar'thrit). A proprietary alcoholic 
extract of cartilage for protein therapy of arthritis, 
especially gonorrheal arthritis. 
sanative (san'at-iv) [L. sana're to heal]. Having 
a tendency to heal; curative. 
sanatogen (san-at'o-jen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of glycerinophosphate of sodium casein: used 
as a food for invalids. 
sanatol (san'at-ol). A thick, brown, proprietary 
liquid containing sulphuric acid and the phenol 
esters: disinfectant and antiseptic. Called also 
Artmanri s creolin. 
sanator (san-a'tor). A proprietary wine of ferro- 
manganate and glycerophosphate of lime. 
sanatorium (san-at-o're-um) [L. sanato'rius con- 
fering health, from sana're to cure]. 1. An estab- 
lishment for the treatment of sick persons, espe- 
cially a private hospital for convalescents or those 
who are not extremely ill. The term is now applied 
particularly to an establishment for the open-air 
treatment of tuberculous patients. 2. A health 
station; a health-resort in a hot region. 
Sanatory (san'at-o-re) [L. sanato'rius]. Conducive 
to health. 
SALVATELLA 
969 
sanatose (san'at-os). The glycerin phosphate of 
sodium casein: nutritive. 
Sanctorius (sank-to're-us). An Italian physician, 
1561-1636. He was professor of medicine at 
Padua, and published several works, the most im- 
portant of which is " Ars de Statica Medicina." 
sand, brain- (sand). Acervulus cerebri, in- 
testinal s., sand-like matter made up of oxids 
of calcium and phosphorus, bacteria, bile-pigment, 
etc., formed in the intestine. Its presence is at- 
tended with pain and mucous colic. 
sandalwood (san'dal-wood) [L. sant'alum]. 1. 
The fragrant wood of San'talum al'bum, white or 
yellow sandal, and of other trees of the genera 
San'talum and Fusa'nus. The oil and other 
preparations are used like copaiba in gonorrhea, 
bronchitis, and diarrhea. Dose of oil, 5-30 min. 
(0.33-2 c.c.); of fluidextract, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
2. Red saunders; the wood of Pter oca/ pus santali'- 
nus, a leguminous tree (L. san'talum ru'brum): used 
as a coloring agent. 
sandarac (san'dah-rak) [Gr. aavbapaKrj\. A resin 
from Cal'litris quadrival'vis, a tree of Africa. It is- 
now little used in medicine. 
sand-bath (sand'bath). See bath. 
sand-crack. A crack in a horse's hoof, sometimes 
causing lameness. When situated on the inside of 
the hoof it is termed quarter-crack; when in the fore- 
part of the hoof it is toe-crack. 
Sanders' sign (san'derz) [James Sanders, English 
physician, 1777-1843]. See sign. 
sand-fly (sand'fii). See Phlebotomus papatassii. 
s.-f. fever. See under fever. 
Sandstrom's bodies (zant-stramz) [Ivar Sand- 
strom, Norwegian physician of the nineteenth cen- 
tury]. The parathyroids. 
Sandwith's bald tongue (sand'withs) [Fleming: 
Mant Sandwith, British physician, 1853-1918], 
See under tongue. 
sane (san) [L. sa'nus]. Of sound mind. 
sang (sang). 1. Ginseng. 2. Sangaree. 
Sangaree (sang-ar-e') [Sp. sangria]. A drink con- 
taining wine or porter: often prescribed as a tonic 
or galactic. 
sangogen (san'go-jen). A proprietary compound 
of predigested iron albuminate and manganese 
with strychnin and arsenic. » 
sangrenal (sang're-nal). A preparation from the 
exsanguinating renal glands of the sheep: used 
as an astringent and hemostatic and as a cardiac 
stimulant and tonic. 
sanguestin (sang-wes'tin). A proprietary prep- 
aration of a principle derived from the supra- 
renal glands. 
sanguicolous (sang-wik'o-lus) [L. san'guis blood 
+ col'lere to dwell]. Inhabiting or living in the 
blood. 
sanguifacient (sang-we-fa'shent) [L. san'guis blood 
+ fa'cere to make]. Forming blood. 
sanguiferous (sang-wif'er-us) [L. san'guis blood 
+ fe/re to bear]. Conveying or containing blood. 
sanguiferrin (sang-wif-er'in). A liquid prepara- 
tion of hemoglobin, iron, and manganese. 
sanguification (sang"wif-ik-a'shun) [L. san'guis 
blood + fa'cere to make]. The process of mak- 
ing blood; also conversion into blood. 
sanguimotor, sanguimotory (sang-wim-o'tor, 
sang-wim-o'tor-e) [L. san'guis blood + mo'tor 
mover]. Pertaining to the circulation of the blood. 
sanguinal (sang'win-al). A preparation of fresh 
blood, defibrinated and dried, and said to con- 
tain 10 per cent, of hemoglobin, 46 per cent, natural 
blood salts, and 44 per cent, of muscle-albumin. It 
is used as a hematinic in chlorosis and anemia. 
Sanguinaria (sang-win-a're-ah) [L.]. A genus 
of papaveraceous plants. The rhizome of S. 
canaden'sis, blood-root, contains the alkaloid 
sanguinarin, and is a gastric tonic, emetic, ex- 
SANGUINARIA pectorant, and cholagogue. It is useful in coughs, 
jaundice, bronchitis, etc. In large doses it is an 
irritant poison. Dose of vinegar lace'turn san- 
guina'rice), 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.); of fluid- 
extract, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.); of tincture, 5-30 
min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
sanguinariin (sang-win-a're-in). A proprietary 
concentration from sanguinaria. 
sanguinarin (sang-win-a'rin). 1. A white alkaloid, 
C17H15NO4, from Sanguina'ria canaden'sis: tonic 
and expectorant. Dose, gr. (0.0016-0.016 
gm.). 2. A precipitate or concentration prepared 
from S. canaden'sis. Dose, £-1 gr. (0.008-0.066 
gm.). 
sanguine (sang7win) [L. sanguin'eus; san'guis 
. blood]. 1. Abounding in blood. 2. Ardent; 
hopeful. 
sanguineous (sang-win'e-us) [L. sanguin'eus]. 
Abounding in blood; pertaining to the blood. 
sanguino (sang7win-o). A therapeutic prepara- 
tion of blood, in a liquid or in tablets, said to 
contain all the carbohydrates, fats, albumins, 
and iron salts of the animal economy. 
sanguinoform (sang-win'o-form). A therapeutic 
preparation containing hemoglobin and nucle- 
ated erythrocytes, from embryonic pigs. 
sanguinol (sang'win-ol). A proprietary liquid 
preparation of a petrolate with sanguinaria and 
antiseptics. 
sanguinolent (sang-win'o-lent) [L. sanguinolen'- 
/ui]. Of a bloody tinge. 
sanguinopoietic (san"gwin-o-poi-et'ik) [L. san'- 
guis blood + Gr. Troieiv to make]. Forming blood, 
sanguirenal (sang-wir-e'nal) [L. san'guis blood + 
ren kidney]. Pertaining to the blood and the 
kidneys. 
sanguis (sang'wis). Latin for blood. 
sanguisuga (sang-wis-u'gah) [L. san'guis blood + 
su'gere to suck], A leech. 
sanicult (san'ik-ult). A certain system of quack 
medicine. 
sanies (sa'ne-ez) [LJ. A fetid, ichorous discharge 
from a wound or ulcer, containing serum, pus, 
and blood. 
saniopurulent (sa"ne-o-pu'ru-lent). Partly 
sanious and partly purulent. 
sanio serous (sa"ne-b-se'rus). Partly sanious and 
partly serous. 
sanious (sa'ne-us) [L. sanio'sus]. Of the nature 
of sanies. 
sanipractic (san-ip-rak'tik). A system of medical 
practice based on applied prophylactic and ther- 
apeutic sanitation. 
sanitarian (san-it-a're-an). A person who is ex- 
pert in matters of sanitation and public health. 
sanitarium (san-it-a're-um) [L.]. An incorrect 
spelling or form of the word sanatorium. 
sanitary (san'it-a-re) [L. sanita'rius]. Promoting 
or pertaining to health. s. train. See under train. 
sanitas (san'it-as) [L. " health "]. A proprietary 
disinfectant prepared from turpentine. 
sanitation (san-it-a'shun) [L. san'itas health]. 
The establishment of conditions favorable to 
health; assanation. 
sanitol (san'it-ol). A proprietary mouth-wash. 
sanitorium (san-it-o're-um). An incorrect spelling 
of the word sanatorium. 
sanity (san'it-e) [L. san'itas soundness]. Sound- 
ness, especially soundness of mind. 
sanmethyl (san-meth'il). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of methylene-blue, copaiba, salol, oils of 
santal and cinnamon, and the oleoresins of matico 
and cubebs. It is used in gonorrhea, etc. Dose, 
10 min. (0.666 c.c.), in capsule. 
sanmetto (san-met'o). A preparation of saw- 
palmetto and sandalwood oil: used in affections 
of the bladder. 
SANGUINARIIN 
970 
sano (sa'no). A proprietary dietetic remedy for 
anemia and indigestion. 
sanocalcin (san-o-kal'sin). Calcium glycerino- 
lactophosphate: used in chronic infectious diseases. 
Dose, i|-8 gr. (0.1-0.5 gm.). 
sanoform (san'o-form). A colorless, crystalline 
substance, diiodomethyl salicylate, OH.C6H2I2. 
CO.O.CH3: used as a substitute for iodoform. 
sanolith (san'o-lith). A proprietary tablet of 
calcium sulphate charged with a preparation of 
formaldehyd: used in aerial disinfection. 
sanose (sa'nos). A compound of casein (80 parts) 
and albumose (20 parts): a food for the sick; 
used also as a vehicle. 
sanosin (san'o-sin). A preparation used for in- 
halation in pulmonary tuberculosis, consisting of 
flowers of sulphur, powdered charcoal, and pow- 
dered eucalyptus leaves with oil of eucalyptus. 
Sansevieria (san"se-vi-e're-ah) [L.]. A genus of 
East Indian liliaceous plants; good in urethral, 
pulmonary, and rheumatic affections. 
Sansom's sign (san'somz) [Arthur Ernest Sansom, 
English physician, 1838-1907]. See sign. 
Sanson's images (san'sonz) [Louis Joseph Sanson, 
French physician, 1790-1841]. See Purkinje- 
Sanson's images, under image. 
santal (san'tal) [L. san'talum]. White, or true, 
sandalwood. 
santal-monal (san-tal-mo-nal'). A French anti- 
septic, analgesic, and diuretic containing methylene- 
blue in balsamic oils. 
santalin (san'tal-in). A red, crystalline, resin-like 
dye, C15H14O5, from red saunders. Called also 
santalic acid. 
santalol (san'tal-ol). A sesquiterpene alcohol, C15- 
FLeO, found in oil of sandalwood. 
santalum (san'tal-um). See sandalwood. 
santol (san'tol). 1. A colorless, crystalline princi- 
ple, CSH8O3, from red saunders. 2. A proprie- 
tary sandalwood preparation for gonorrhea, etc. 
santolin (san'to-lin). A proprietary preparation 
of oil of sandal, salol, and diastase, and the oleo- 
resins of copaiba, cubebs, and matico: used in 
urethritis and cystitis. 
santonica (san-ton'ik-ah) [L.]. Levant worm- 
seed, or cina; the dried flower-heads of Artemis'- 
ia marit'ima. Santonica contains santonin, and 
is used as a vermifuge, especially for seat-worms 
and round-worms, and for incontinence of urine. 
In large doses it is mydriatic and diuretic. Over- 
doses may cause convulsions and vertigo, and give 
a yellow or pinkish tint to objects seen. Dose, 
5-30 gr. (0.33-2 gm.); of fluidextract, 15-60 min. 
(1-4 c.c.). The trOchis'ci santoni'ni contain 1 gr. 
of santonin. 
santonin (san'to-nin) [L. santoni'num]. A color- 
less, crystalline, and poisonous active principle, 
C15H18O3, from santonica. It is used as a vermi- 
fuge like santonica. Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.066-0.266 
gm.). 
santoninoxim (san"to-nin-oks'im). A crystalline 
substance, C15H18O2NOH, prepared from anthel- 
mintic santonin. Dose for a child, f-2^ gr. 
(0.049-0.149 gm.); for an adult, 2-4 gr. (0.132- 
0.264 gm.). 
Santorini's cartilages, duct, muscle, etc. 
(san-to-re'nez) [Giovanni Domenico Santorini, Ital- 
ian anatomist, 1681-1737]. See cartilage, duct, 
muscle, etc. 
santozea (san-to'ze-ah). A preparation of san- 
tal, saw-palmetto, etc.: used as a diuretic and 
genito-urinary tonic. 
santyl (san'til). A proprietary salicylic acid ester of 
santalol, C15H23O.CO.CsH4.OH: used internally in 
gonorrhea. Dose, 25 min. (1.5 c.c.) three times a 
day. 
santylmethylether (san"til-meth"il-e'ther). Same 
as thy resol. 
SANTYLMETHYLETHER SARA 
971 
SARCINA 
sapa (sap'ah). A proprietary solid substitute for 
liquid soap. 
sapacol (sap'ak-ol). A proprietary antiseptic paste 
for cutaneous affections. 
sapene (sap'en). A liquid soap used as a vehicle for 
various proprietary antiseptics. 
saphena (saf-e'nah) [L.; Gr. aaipijwqs manifest]. 
Either of two large superficial veins of the leg. 
See saphenous vein, under vein. 
saphenous (saf'e-nus). Pertaining to or asso- 
ciated with a saphena: applied to certain arte- 
ries, nerves, veins, etc. 
sapid (sap'id) [L. sap'idus]. Having or imparting 
an agreeable taste. 
sapin Csa'pin). A non-toxic ptomain, C5H14N2: 
isomeric with cadaverin and neuridin. 
sapiphore (sap'if-or) [L. sa'pis taste 4- Gr. ipopeiv 
to bear]. Any member of a series of atomic 
groups which influence taste. If these are suitably 
mated, a sweet taste is said to result; if dis- 
cordantly, a bitter taste. 
sapo (sa'po) [L. for soap]. 1. Soap; a compound 
of a fatty acid with a suitable base. 2. White 
castile soap made of soda and olive oil: used in 
pills, suppositories, plasters, and liniments: de- 
tergent. s. anima'lis, sapo domesticus. 
s. cineTeus (gray soap, or mercurial salve 
soap), a soap containing 50 per cent., by weight, 
of quicksilver and 5 per cent, of benzoinated fat. 
s. domes'ticus, a preparation of a soft soap made 
of animal fat and soda. s. du'rus, hard soap, 
s. mol'lis {soft soap), s. vir'idis {green soap), a 
soap made of linseed or other oil, potash, alcohol, 
and water: used in skin diseases and liniments. 
Called also green s. 
sapocarbol (sa-po-kar'bol). An antiseptic solution 
of cresol in potassium soap. 
sapocrinin (sa-po-krin'in). Fleig's name for secre- 
tion produced by rubbing of the intestinal mucous 
membrane with a solution of soap. 
sapo dermin (sa-po-der'min). A proprietary soap 
containing 0.2 to 1 per cent, of mercuric albumin- 
ate: used in syphilitic and other skin affections. 
sapogenin (sa-poj'en-in). A crystalline substance, 
C14H22O2, derivable from saponin. 
sapolan (sa'po-lan). An ointment-base composed 
of soap, lanolin, and crude naphtha. 
sapolanolin (sa-po-lan'o-lin). A preparation of 
5 parts of lanolin and 4 parts of soft soap: used 
in eczema and acne. 
saponaceous (sa-po-na'shus) [L. sa'po soap]. Of 
a soapy quality or nature. 
saponal (sa'po-nal). Soap, 20 per cent.; sodium 
carbonate, 60 per cent.; and other ingredients: 
detergent. 
Saponaria (sa-po-na're-ah). A genus of plants. 
The root of 5. officina'lis, or soapwort, has altera- 
tive properties and was formerly used in skin 
diseases. 
saponatus Csa-po-na'tus) [LJ. Charged or mixed 
with soap. 
saponetin (sa-po-ne'tin). A crystalline substance, 
C4oH06O13, from soapwort, etc. 
saponification (sa-pon-if-ik-a'shun) [L. sa'po soap 
4- fa'cere to make]. The act or process of con- 
verting or becoming converted into soap. In 
chemistry, the term now denotes the hydrolysis of 
an ester by an alkali, resulting in the production of 
a free alcohpl and an alkali salt of the ester acid. 
saponin (sap-o'nin). 1. A glucosid, C32H54Oi8, 
found in soap-wort, quillaia, and many other 
plants: it is an irritant poison; it is expectorant 
and emetic. 2. Any glucosid of the group to 
which typical saponin belongs. 
sapotin (sap-o'tin). A white, crystalline glucosid, 
C29H52O20, from the seeds of Sapo'ta zapotil'la. 
sapotinetin (sap"o-tin-e'tin). A principle, C17- 
HJ2O10, from sapotin. 
sapotoxin (sa-po-toks'in) [L. sa'po soap 4- toxin]. 
A poisonous glucosid, Cl7H26O10, found in soap- 
bark (quillaia). 
sappan wood (sap'an). The wood of a Philippine 
tree, Casalpin'ia sap'pan. A decoction is used as a 
dye, and also to control hemorrhage. Called also 
sibucao. 
Sappey's fibers, ligament, veins (sap'ez) 
[Marie Philibert Constant Sappey, French anat- 
omist, 1810-1896]. See fiber, ligament, vein. 
sapphism (saf'fizm) [after Sappho, Greek poetess]. 
Tribadism, or sexual perversion between women. 
sapremia, sapraemia (sap-re'me-ah) [Gr. aairpbs 
rotten + alua blood]. Intoxication due to the 
presence in the blood of the products of saprophytic 
and non-pathogenic bacteria. Called also septic 
intoxication and putrid intoxication. 
sapremic, sapraemic (sap-re'mik). Pertaining 
to or of the nature of sapremia. 
saprin (sa'prin) [Gr. aairpbs putrid]. A ptomain, 
C5Hl4N2, from decaying visceral substances: not 
poisonous. 
saprodontia (sa-pro-don'she-ah) [Gr. o-airpos rotten 
+ bdovs tooth]. Caries of the teeth. 
saprogen (sap'ro-jen). Any saprogenic micro- 
organism. 
saprogenic, saprogenous (sap-ro-jen'ik, sap-roj'- 
en-us) [Gr. aairpbs putrid + to produce]. 
Causing or arising from putrefaction. 
Saprol (sa'prol). A dark-brown, inflammable, 
oily mixture of 40 per cent, of crude cresols in 
hydrocarbons from petroleum: disinfectant. 
Saprolegnia (sap-ro-leg'ne-ah) [Gr. aairpbs putrid 
+ Xeyvov border]. A genus of phycomycetous 
fungi. The species are partially saprophytic. 
5. fe'rax is destructive to salmon and to various 
water animals. 
saprophilous (sa-prof'il-us) [Gr. aairpbs putrid 4~ 
(piXei^to love]. Living upon decaying and dead 
matter; a term applied mainly to various micro- 
organisms. 
saprophyte (sap'ro-fit) [Gr. aairpbs putrid + 
<pvrbv plant]. Any vegetable organism living 
upon dead or decaying organic matter. 
saprophytic (sap-ro-fit'ik) [Gr. aairpbs putrid 4- 
<pvrbv plant]. Of the nature of or pertaining to 
a saprophyte. 
sapropyra (sa-pro-pi'rah) [Gr. aairpbs putrid 4- 
irvp fire, fever]. Putrid or typhus fever. 
saprotyphus (sa-pro-ti'fus) [Gr. aairpbs putrid 4- 
rvtpos typhus]. True or putrid typhus. 
saprozoic (sap-ro-zo'ik) [Gr. aairpbs filth 4- ^(pov 
animal]. Living on dead or lifeless matter. 
saprozoite (sap-ro-zo'it). A protozoan organism 
which does not require a living host. 
sarampion (sar-am'pe-on). See serempion. 
sarcin (sar'sin) [Gr. aap% flesh]. 1. Same as hypo- 
xanthin. 2. Same as sarcine. 
Sarcina (sar-si'nah) [L. "pack"]. A genus of 
Eubacteriales characterized by the fact that cell 
division occurs under favorable conditions in three 
planes, forming regular packets. S. al'ba, a 
species with small cocci found in air and water. 
S. auranti'aca, a species from air, water, and 
from white beer, producing a golden-yellow pig- 
ment (linoxanthin). S. au'rea, a species from 
pulmonary exudates of pneumoniait produces a 
bright yellow pigment. S. can'dida, a species 
from water and the air of a brewery. S. fla'va, a 
species from beer and cheese; it produces a yellow 
pigment. S. fusces'cens, a species from the hu- 
man stomach. S. hyali'na, a species from marsh- 
water. S. intestina'lis, a species from the in- 
testines of man, animals, and fowls. S. littora'- 
lis, a species from sea-water, producing a red pig- 
ment. Lbwenberg's s., a pathogenic form from 
a case of ozena. S. lu'tea, a species from air, the 
conjunctival sac, human skin, potato, water, etc.. producing a yellow pigment. S. maxima, a 
large species from malt-mash. S. minu'ta, a 
very small species from sour milk. S. mor'rhuae, 
a species from cod-fish. S. nob'ilis, a species 
from old ascitic fluid, producing a brick-red pig- 
ment. S. paludo'sa, a species from marsh- 
water. S. pulmo'num, a non-pathogenic spe- 
cies from the sputum of phthisis. S. reiten- 
bach'ii, a form from decaying water-plants. S. 
re'nis, a species from the kidneys of tuberculous 
cadavers. S. ro'sea, a species from air, beer, 
red milk, etc.: it produces an intensely red pig- 
ment. S. uri'nae, a form from the human 
bladder: not pathogenic. S. ventric'uli, a 
species from the stomachs of men and animals, 
forming colonies of considerable size. S. vio- 
la'cea, a species from water producing a violet 
pigment. S. vircho'wii, a species from the 
human lung: said to cause the condition known 
as pseudomycosis sarcinica. 
sarcine (sar'sin) [L. sarci'na pack]. A cube com- 
posed of eight bacterial cells (sarcine of the first 
power), or of sixty-four cells (sarcine of the second 
power), produced by the division of Sarcins. 
sarcinic (sar-sin'ik). Pertaining to sarcinae. 
sarcitis (sar-si'tis) [Gr. aap^ flesh 4- -iris inflam- 
mation], Same as myositis. 
sarco- [Gr. aap^ flesh]. A prefix denoting relation 
to flesh. 
sarco-adenoma (sar"ko-ad-en-o'mah). Same as 
adenosarcoma. 
sarcoblast (sar'ko-blast) [Gr. aap^ flesh + (3Xaaros 
germ]. The primitive cell which develops into a 
muscle-cell. 
sarcocarcinoma (sar"ko-kar-sin-o'mah). Sar- 
coma and carcinoma combined. 
sarcocele (sar'ko-sel) [Gr. aap^ flesh 4- KrfXi) tumor]. 
Any fleshy swelling or tumor of the testicle. 
sarcocol (sar'ko-kol) [L. sarcocol'la; Gr. aap^ flesh 
4- KoXXa glue]. A nauseous gum-resin from va- 
rious African species of Pence'a; also a similar 
drug from Asia: now discarded as medicines. 
sarcocyst (sar'ko-sist). A globular, oval, or elon- 
gated body produced by the growth of Sarcocystis 
and called the tubes of Rainey and of Miescher. 
They can sometimes be seen with the unaided eye 
in the muscles. 
sarcocystin (sar-ko-sis'tin). A toxin obtained 
from the bodies of species of Sarcocystis. 
Sarcocystis (sar-ko-sis'tis) [Gr. aap^ flesh 4- Kvans 
bladder], A genus of the Sarcosporidia. 5. ber- 
tram'i is said to have been found in man. 5. 
blanchar'di is found in cattle. S. hue'ti is found in 
the seal. S. kor'tei is found in monkeys. S. 
mischeria'na is found in the pig. 5. muco'sa is 
found in the kangaroo and perhaps in man. 5. 
mu'ris is found in rats and perhaps in man. 5. 
tenel'la is found in sheep and cattle and in man. 
5. tenel'la bu'bali is found in the meat of Indian 
buffaloes {Bu'bolus buffetus). 
sarcocyte (sar'ko-sit) [Gr. <rap^ flesh 4- kLtos cell]. 
The middle layer of the ectoplasm of a protozoan 
lying between the epicyte and the myocyte. 
Barcode (sar'kod) [Gr. aa.p% flesh 4- elbos form]. 
The protoplasm of animal cells. 
Sarcodina (sar-ko-di'nah) [Gr. oapKcob^s flesh-like]. 
The lowest class of protozoa in which the body 
protoplasm is naked, locomotion and ingestion 
of blood being accomplished by pseudopodia. It 
includes Amoebae, Foraminifera, Heliozoa, and 
Radiolaria. 
sarco-enchondroma (sar"ko- en-kon-dro'mah). 
Sarcoma combined with enchondroma. 
sarcogenic (sar"ko-jen'ik) [Gr. oap^ flesh 4- 7ew'ap 
to produce]. Forming flesh. 
sarcoglia (sar-kog'le-ah) [Gr. aap^ flesh 4- 7Xfa 
glue]. The substance which composes the emi- 
nences of Doyen at the points of entrance of 
nerves into muscle-fibers. 
SARCINE 
972 
sarcoid (sar'koid) [Gr. a a pl; flesh 4- e'Sos form], 
i. Resembling flesh; fleshy. 2. A sarcoma-like 
tumor, s. of Boeck, multiple benign sarcoid. 
Darier-Roussy s., a type of multiple benign 
sarcoid, characterized by the large size of its 
nodules and its subcutaneous location, multiple 
benign s., a condition marked by the presence 
of nodules on the skin, caused by proliferation of 
connective tissue surrounding the blood-vessels; 
called also sarcoid of Boeck and miliary lupoid. 
sarcolactate (sar-ko-Iak'tat). Any salt of s^rco- 
lactic acid. 
sarcolactic acid (sar-ko-lak'tik). See acid. 
sarcolemma (sar-ko-lem'ah) [Gr. aap^ flesh 4* 
X'eppa husk]. The delicate elastic sheath which 
invests an elementary muscle-fiber. See muscle. 
sarcolemmic, sarcolemmous (sar-ko-lem'ik, sar- 
ko-lem'us). Pertaining to or of the nature of 
sarcolemma. 
sarcology (sar-kol'o-je) [Gr. aap^ flesh 4- Xoyos 
treatise]. That branch of anatomy which treats 
of the soft tissues of the body. 
sarcolysis (sar-kol'is-is) [see sarcolyte]. Disintegra- 
tion of the soft tissues; disintegration of flesh. 
sarcolyte (sar'ko-lit) [Gr. aap% flesh + Xveiv to 
dissolve]. A cell concerned in the disintegration 
of the soft tissues. 
sarcolytic (sar-ko-lit'ik). Disintegrating flesh. 
sarcoma (sar-ko'mah), pl. sarco'mata [Gr. aap^, 
vapKos flesh 4- -opa tumor]. A tumor made up 
of a substance like the embryonic connective 
tissue; tissue composed of closely packed cells 
embedded in a fibrillar or homogeneous sub- 
stance. Sarcomata are often highly malignant. 
See also chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lympho- 
sarcoma, melanosarcoma, myxosarcoma, osteo- 
sarcoma, etc. Abernethy's s., a variety of fatty 
tumor found principally on the trunk, adipose 
s., one which contains a copious element of fat. 
alveolar s., a variety having a reticulated fibrous 
stroma inclosing groups of sarcoma cells, which 
resemble epithelial cells and are inclosed in al- 
veoli walled with connective tissue. angio- 
lithic s. Same as psammoma, botryoid s., a 
grape-like form occurring within the cervix uteri, 
chicken s., a malignant spindle-cell growth 
which can be transmitted to but one strain of fowl 
and is caused by a filtrable virus, chloromatous 
S., a round-cell sarcoma of the periosteum of 
the skull, having a greenish color. Same as 
chloroma. cylindromatous s., a sarcoma 
whose substance is traversed by cylinders of 
myxomatous tissue, deciduocellular s., ma- 
lignant deciduoma of the uterus. See syncytioma 
malignum. encephaloid s. Same as round- 
cell s. fasciculated s., a spindle-cell sar- 
coma. giant-cell s., a variety named from 
its containing large multinucleated cells, or 
myeloplaxes. infective s., a growth in the dog, 
of uncertain nature, and attributed to infection, 
leukocytic s., leukemia, lymphatic s., 
lymphosarcoma, mammary s., a sarcoma having 
the appearance and texture of mammary tissue, 
medullary s., a soft, bleeding, fungous sar- 
coma; fungus haematodes. melanotic 8., 
a variety whose substance is pigmented with 
melanin. mixed-cell s. Same as poly- 
morphous s. myelogenic s., a sarcoma involving 
the bone-marrow, myeloid s., a variety con- 
taining both giant-cells and spindle-cells, net- 
cell s., a variety of myxosarcoma, oat-cell s., 
oat-shaped-cell s., a sarcoma in which the 
cells are bluntly elongated and contain long oval 
nuclei, osteogenic s., a general term for tumors 
occurring in bone and arising from bone cells of 
osteogenic tissue, osteoid s., a sarcoma in which 
bony tissue has developed, parosteal s., a sar- 
coma situated close to the outer surface of a bone, 
polymorphous s., a sarcoma containing cells of 
several varieties, retroperitoneal s., sarcoma 
situated behind the peritoneum, round-cell S., 
SARCOMA SARCOMATOID 
973 
SATURATED 
encephaloid or medullary cancer: a sarcoma with 
large or small cells resembling leukocytes, sero- 
cystic S., a proliferous cyst with intracystic 
growths, spindle-cell s., a form with spindle- 
shaped cells; a recurrent fibroid or fibroplastic 
tumor, withering s., mycosis fungoides. 
sarcomatoid (sar-ko'mat-oid). Resembling sar- 
coma. 
sarcomatosis (sar"ko-mat-o'sis). A condition 
characterized by the formation of sarcomata. 
S. CU'tis, the development of sarcomatous growths 
on the skin, general s., the occurrence of sar- 
comata in several parts of the body at the same 
time. 
sarcomatous (sar-ko'mat-us). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of sarcoma. 
sarcomelanin (sar-ko-mel'an-in) [Gr. adp^ flesh 4- 
peXas black]. The black pigment of melanosar- 
coma. 
sarcomere (sar'ko-mer) [Gr. aapl; flesh + pepos 
part]. Any one of the segments into which the 
lines or membranes of Krause are supposed to 
divide a muscular fibrilla. 
sarcomphalocele (sar-kom-fal'o-sel)[Gr. adp^ flesh 
+ bptpaXbs navel + KflXr] tumor], A fleshy tumor 
of the umbilicus. 
sarcomyces (sar-ko-mi'sez) [Gr. a dpi; flesh + 
pvKTjs fungus]. A fleshy fungous growth. 
Sarcophaga (sar-kof'ag-ah) [Gr. aapl; flesh 4- 
<pa~yeiv to eat], A genus of flies. The larvae are 
sometimes accidental parasites on man. 5. carna'- 
ria is widely distributed. S. chrysos'toma is found 
in tropical America. 5. magnif'ica is found in 
Russia. 
Sarcoplasm (sar'ko-plazm)[Gr. aapl flesh -fTrXdapa 
plasm]. The interfibrillary matter of the striated 
muscles; the substance in which the fibrillae of 
the muscle-fiber are embedded. 
sarcoplasmic (sar-ko-plaz'mik). Composed of 
or containing sarcoplasm. 
sarcoplast (saPko-plast) [Gr. aapl flesh 4- irXaa- 
rbs formed]. An interfibrillary cell of a muscle, 
itself capable of being transformed into a muscle. 
sarcopoietic (sar"ko-poi-et'ik) [Gr. aapl flesh 4- 
iroieiv to make]. Producing flesh or muscle. 
Sarcopsylla (sar-ko-sil'ah). See chigo. 
Sarcoptes (sar-kop'tez) [Gr. aapl flesh + Koirreiv 
to cut]. A genus of acarids, including S. scabie'i, 
or the itch-mite. 
sarcosepsis (sar-ko-sep'sis) [Gr. aapl flesh 4- sep- 
sis], Sepsis due to the presence of bacteria in 
the tissues. 
sarcosin (sar'ko-sin). Methyl-glycocoll, a crystal- 
lizable substance, CH3.NH.CH2.COOH, from de- 
composing creatin and caffein. 
sarcosis (sar-ko'sis) [Gr. aapl flesh]. 1. The pres- 
ence of multiple fleshy tumors. 2. Abnormal in- 
crease of flesh. 
sarcosome (saPko-som) [Gr. aapl flesh 4- aw pa 
body]. The darker and contractile part of a 
muscle fibril. 
Sarcosporidia (sar"ko-spo-rid'e-ah) [Gr. aapl flesh 
4- sporidia], An order of sporozoan parasites 
found in the muscles of warm-blooded animals and 
producing anemia and cachexia. See Sarcocystis. 
sarcosporidiosis (sar"ko-spo-rid-e-o'sis). The 
condition of being infected with Sarcosporidia. 
sarcostosis (sar-kos-to'sis) [Gr. aapl flesh 4- bareov 
bone]. Ossification of the fleshy tissues. 
sarcostyle (sar'ko-stil) [Gr. aapl flesh 4- arOXos 
column]. Any one of the primitive fibrillae of an 
elementary muscle-fiber: a muscle column. 
sarcotherapeutics (sar"ko-ther-ap-u'tiks) [Gr. 
aapl; flesh 4- therapeutics]. Treatment of dis- 
ease by the use of animal extracts. 
sarcotherapy (sar-ko-ther'ap-e). Sarcotherapeu- 
tics. 
sarcotic (sar-kot'ik) [Gr. aapKwri«6s]. Promoting 
the growth of flesh. 
sarcotome (sar'ko-tom) [Gr. aapl; flesh + repveiv 
to cut]. A kind of ecraseur worked by a spring. 
sarcous (sar'kus) [Gr. adp^, aapKos flesh]. Per- 
taining to flesh or to muscular tissues. 
sardonic (sar-don'ik) [L. sardon'icus; Gr. SapSov- 
ikos Sardinian]. Noting a kind of spasmodic or 
tetanic grin or involuntary smile, the ri'sus sar- 
don'icus: so called from a plant of Sardinia, prob- 
ably a Ranun' cuius, or crowfoot, which was be- 
lieved to produce it. 
sarkin (sar'kin). Same as hypoxanthin. 
Sarothamnus (sa-ro-tham'nus) [Gr. aapov broom 
+ Odpvos shrub]. A genus of leguminous Euro- 
pean shrubs. 5. scopa'rius is called broom. See 
Scoparius. 
Sarracenia (sar-as-e'ne-ah). A genus of poly- 
petalous plants, known as sidesaddle-flower and 
pitcher-plant, type of the order Sarraceniaceae. 
5. purpu'rea, the commonest of the pitcher- 
plants of North America, is vaunted as a cure 
for small-pox: also its homeopathic preparation. 
The secretion of the pitcher of this plant is said 
to contain digestant and anesthetic ferments. It 
is a stimulant diuretic and aperient. 5. fla'va, 
a species known as trumpetleaf and huntsman's- 
horn, is an effective remedy for diarrhea. Dose 
of fluidextract of rhizome, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 c.c.). 
sarsa (sa/sah), gen. saflsce [L.; Sp. sarfa briar]. 
Same as sarsaparilla. 
sarsaparilla (sar"sap-ar-il'ah) [L.; Sp. " briar 
vine "]. The root of Smi'lax offlcina'lis, S. mex- 
ica'na, S. med'ica, and other species of tropical 
America. It contains the glucosid parillin, and 
is alterative and diuretic. It is employed, often 
in connection with iodids and mercurials, in late 
syphilis and chronic rheumatism, and is in high 
popular esteem as a tonic and blood purifier. 
Dose of fluidextract, j-r fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.); of com- 
pound fluidextract, j-i fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.); of decoction, 
4-15 fl.oz. (118-444 c.c.); of syrup, 1-4 fl.dr. (4- 
16 c.c.). 
sartian (sar'shan) [named for the Sarts, a people 
of Central Asia], Noting an epidemic skin dis- 
ease of Central Asia, characterized by facial 
nodules which become converted into scabby 
ulcers: probably furunculus orientalis. 
Sartorius (sar-to're-us) [L. from sar'tor tailor]. 
See muscles, table of. 
Sassafras (sas'af-ras) [L.]. A genus of laurace- 
ous trees. The root-bark of 5. variifo'lia, a 
tree of North America, is aromatic, stimulant, 
diaphoretic, and carminative. It is somewhat 
employed in the treatment of syphilis and skin 
diseases. The volatile oil contains safrene and 
safrol. It is an antinarcotic and carminative, but is 
chiefly used as a flavoring agent. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of volatile oil, 1-5 
min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). The pith of the stems of 
sassafras (5. medul'la) affords a mucilage (muci- 
la' go Sas'safras medul'lce) which is used as a de- 
mulcent in bronchial and gastric affections, and 
as an application in eye diseases. 
sassy-bark (sas'e). The poisonous bark of Ery- 
throphloAum guineen'se. See Erythrophlceum. 
sat. Abbreviation for saturated. 
satamul (sah'tah-mool). The Asparagus sarmen- 
to'sus, a medicinal plant of India. 
satellite (sat'el-it) [L. satel'les companion]. 1. A 
vein that closely accompanies an artery, such as 
the brachial. 2. A minor, or attendant, lesion 
situated near a larger one. 
satellitosis (sat-el-i-to'sis). Accumulation of free 
nuclei about the ganglion-cells of the brain-cortex: 
seen in general paralysis, etc. 
saturated (sat'u-ra-ted). 1. Having all the chemic 
affinities satisfied. 2. Unable to hold in solu- 
tion any more of a given substance. saturation (sat-u-ra'shun) [L. satura'tio]. 1. 
The act of saturating or condition of being satu- 
rated. 2. An effervescing draft or potion. 
saturnine (sat'ur-nln) [L. salumi'nus; satur'nus 
lead]. Pertaining to or produced by lead. 
saturnism (sat'ur-nizm) [L. satur'nus lead]. 
Chronic lead-poisoning; plumbism. 
satyria (sat-ir'e-ah). A proprietary tonic for the 
genito-urinary system. 
satyriasis (sat-ir-i'a-sis) [Gr. aaropos satyr]. Ex- 
cessive venereal impulse in the male. 
satyromania (sat"ir-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. a dr epos 
satyr + pan la madness]. Same as satyriasis. 
saucer, auditory. A saucer-shaped fold of the 
embryonic ectoderm which develops into the 
otocyst. 
Sauerbruch's cabinet, prosthesis (sow'er- 
brooks) [Ferdinand Sauerbruch, surgeon in Greifs- 
wald, born 1875]. See under cabinet and prosthesis. 
sauerin (zow'er-in). A proprietary preparation of 
a pure active culture of Massol's bacillus. 
Saundby's test (sawnd'bez) [Robert Saundby, 
English physician, 1849-1918]. See under tests. 
Saunders, red (sawn'derz). See sandalwood. 
Saunders' disease (sawn'derz) [Edward Watt 
Saunders, physician in St. Louis, born 1854]. See 
disease. 
sauriasis (saw-ri'as-is). Sauriosis. 
sauriderma (saw-rid-er'mah) [Gr. aavpos lizard + 
Seppa skin]. Ichthyosis hystrix. 
sauridon (saw'rid-on) [Gr. aavpos lizard]. A dis- 
infectant substance distilled from fossil shells. 
sauriosis (saw-re-o'sis) [Gr. <ravpos lizard]. Ichthy- 
osis sebacea cornea; Darier's disease. 
sauroid (saw'raid) [Gr. aavpos lizard + ethos form]. 
Resembling a reptile. S. cell or stage. See 
normoblast. 
saurol (saw'rol). A proprietary ammonium sul- 
phur substitute for ichthyol derived from fossil 
fauna in the chalk layers of Trefontane, near 
Meriac, Switzerland. 
sausage, sigmoid (saw'saj). See sigmoid roll, 
under roll. 
sausage-poisoning (saw'saj). See allantiasis and 
botulism. 
sausarism (saw'sar-izm). A dry or paralyzed con- 
dition of the tongue. 
Saussure's hygrometer (so-surz) [Horace Bene- 
dict de Saussure, Swiss physicist, 1740-1779]. See 
hygrometer. 
Savill's disease (sa'vilz) [Thomas Dixon Savill, 
physician in London, 1856-1910]. See disease. 
savin (sav'in) [L, sabi'na]. The evergreen shrub, 
Junip'erus sabi'na. The leaves and tops afford 
an acrid volatile oil, which is a poisonous stimu- 
lant, emmenagogue, and abortifacient. Its use 
in producing abortions is extremely dangerous. 
It is also given in dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, 
gout, and rheumatism, and is used locally as an 
application to ulcers, condylomata, and carious 
teeth. Dose of fluidextract, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 
c.c.); of tincture, 20-60 min. (1.333-4 c.c.); of oil, 
1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). 
savoline (sav'o-lin). A proprietary cleansing fluid, 
used also as a medium for lotions and injec- 
tions. 
savonal (sav'o-nal). A soap mixture, used as an 
ointment-base. 
saw (saw). A cutting instrument with a cutting 
or serrated edge. Adams' s., a small straight 
saw with a long handle, for osteotomy, ampu- 
tating S., one for use in performing amputa- 
tions. Butcher's s., an amputating saw with a 
blade that can be set at various angles, chain- 
s' one in which the teeth are set upon links, the 
saw being moved by pulling upon one or the 
other handle, crown-s., a form of trephine. 
Farabeuf's s., a saw the blade of which can 
SATURATION 
974 
be set at any desired angle. Gigli's wire- 
S., a wire with saw-teeth, used in cranial opera- 
tions. hemp-s., a hempen cord used in cutting 
soft tissues. Hey's s., a small saw for enlarging 
orifices in bones, s.-palmetto. See Serenoa. 
separating s., a saw for separating teeth. 
Shrady's s., a saw for bone work operated 
through a fenestrated cannula which has been 
introduced alongside the bone by a trocar, 
string-s., the string used in treating esophageal 
strictures by the "string-method" (q. v.). sub- 
cutaneous s. Same as Shrady's s. 
saxifrage (saks'if-raj) [L. saxif'raga; sax'um stone 
+ fran'gere to break], i. A popular name for 
various herbs, chiefly those of the genus Sax- 
if'raga, formerly reputed serviceable against uri- 
nary calculus; not now employed in scientific 
medicine. 2. Pimpinel'la saxif'raga, or Burnet 
saxifrage; an umbelliferous plant of Europe: an 
aromatic, stomachic, diaphoretic, and diuretic. 
Dose of fluidextract of root, 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.). 
saxifragrant (saks-if'rag-rant) [L. saxif ragus]. 1. 
Dissolving or breaking up calculi. 2. A remedy 
for calculus. 
saxin (sak'sin). A proprietary agent 600 times as 
sweet as sugar: used like saccharin. 
saxol (sax'ol). A proprietary liquid paraffin. 
saxolin (sak'so-lin). A semisolid preparation of 
petroleum hydrocarbons resembling vaselin. 
Sayre's jacket (sarz) [Lewis Albert Sayre Ameri- 
can surgeon, 1820-1901]. See jacket. 
Sb. The symbol of antimony {stibium). 
SbCh. Antimony trichlorid. 
Sb2O3. Antimony trisulphid. 
Sb2O5. Antimonic oxid. 
Sb4O8. Antimonious oxid. 
Sc. The symbol of scandium. 
S. C., s. c. Abbreviation for closure of the semi- 
lunar valves. 
scab (skab). 1. The crust of a superficial sore. 
2. To become covered with a crust or scab, crown 
S., a cancerous sore around the corners of the hoof 
of a horse, head s., any acariasis of the head, 
especially the sarcoptic scab of the head of sheep, 
sheep s., a disease of sheep caused by the bur- 
rowing of the parasite sarcoptes into the skin. A 
scab is formed which comes off, bringing the wool 
along with it. Transkeian s., Veldt sore. 
scabies (ska'be-ez) [L. from scab'ere scratch]. 
The itch; a contagious skin disease due to the 
itch-mite, Sarcop'les scabie'i, which bores beneath 
the skin, forming cuniculi or burrows. The dis- 
ease is attended with intense itching, together 
with the eczema caused by scratching. Boeck's 
s., s. crusto'sa, Norwegian itch; a form char- 
acterized by crusts and pustules, and said to be 
due to an acarid parasitic upon wolves, s. feri'na, 
acariasis itch of animals. Norwegian s., rade- 
syge. 
scabiophobia (ska"be-o-fo'be-ah) [scabies + Gr. 
<pb0os fear]. Morbid fear of scabies. 
Scabiosa (ska-be-o'sah) [L.]. A genus of dipsa- 
ceous plants called scabious: various species are 
popularly regarded as depuratives of the blood. 
scabrities (ska-brish'e-ez) [L.]. A scaly or rough 
state of the skin. s. un'guium, a thickened and 
distorted condition of the nails. 
Scala (ska'lah) [L. " staircase "]. Any one of the 
three passages of the cochlea, s. me'dia, s. 
of Lowenberg, the cochlear canal; the space 
between the basilar membrane and Reissner's 
membrane: it contains the organ of Corti. See 
ear. s. tym'pani [B N A], the tympanic canal; 
the part of the spiral canal below the lamina 
spiralis. See ear. s. vestib'uli [B N A], the ves- 
tibular canal; the part of the spiral canal above the 
lamina spiralis. See ear. 
scald (skawld). 1. A burn caused by a hot liquid 
or a hot, moist vapor. 2. Same as scald-head. 
SCALD SCALD-HEAD 
975 
SCARLATIN 
scald-head (skawld-hed'). A popular name for 
favus, porrigo, or other scaly affection of the 
scalp. 
scale (skal). 1. [L. squa'ma.] Any thin, plate-like 
structure, as of epithelial cells, compacted and 
shed from the skin. 2. [L. sea'la.] Anything 
marked off at regular intervals. 3. To scrape 
tartar from the teeth. Baume s., a hydrom- 
eter scale for determining the specific gravity 
of liquids. Benoist's s., a scale for measuring 
the hardness of x-rays in terms of the thickness of 
aluminum necessary to reduce the intensity of the 
rays to that of the same rays that have been passed 
through a screen of silver .11 mm. thick. Bloch's 
S., a series of solutions of tincture of benzoin in 
glycerinated water, employed to determine by com- 
parison of turbidity the amount of albumin pre- 
cipitated in urine or other fluid by heat, centi- 
grade S., the scale of a centigrade thermometer. 
Clark's s. (of the hardness of water). It is based 
on the number of grains of calcium carbonate per 
imperial gallon. Dunfermline s., a scheme 
for classifying children according to their degree of 
nutrition: 1, superior condition; 2, passable condi- 
tion; 3, requiring supervision; 4, requiring medical 
treatment. Tallqvist's s., a series of litho- 
graphed colors showing the tints of blood of 
from 10 to 100 per cent, of hemoglobin, and ac- 
companied by a booklet containing sheets of pre- 
pared paper. A sheet of the paper is moistened 
with a drop of blood and the color compared with 
the scale. 
scalene (ska'len) [Gr. a-KaXqvbs uneven]. 1. Un- 
equally three-sided. 2. Pertaining to one of the 
scalenus muscles. 
scalenus (ska-le'nus) [L.; Gr. aKaXiqvbs uneven]. 
See muscles, table of. 
scaler (ska'ler). An instrument for performing the 
operation of scaling, curet s., a scaler having 
two cutting edges approximately parallel to the 
shank, hoe S., a scaler having a single cutting 
edge, the blade being turned up at approximately 
a right angle to the shank. 
scaling (ska'ling). Removal of concretions from the 
visible tooth surface and that part of the surface 
covered by the marginal gingiva or its equivalent. 
Scali (skawl). 1. Any scaly, or scabby, disease of 
the skin. 2. Favus of animals, honeycombs., 
an eruption consisting of small ulcers separated by 
raised edges, milk s., crusta lactea. 
scalma (skal'mah). A contagious febrile disease of 
the horse marked by coughing, difficult breathing, 
fever, loss of strength, and sometimes by pleuritis. 
scalp (skalp). That part of the integument of the 
head which is hairy in both sexes. 
scalpel (skal'pel) [L. scalpel'lum]. A small, straight 
knife, usually with a convex edge. 
scalpriform (skal'prif-orm). Shaped like a chisel, 
scalprum (skal'prum) [L. " knife "]. A raspa- 
tory; also a strong knife. 
scaly (ska'le) [L. squamo'sus], 1. Scale-like. 2. 
Characterized by scales. 
scammonia (skam-o'ne-ah). Scammony. 
scammonin (skam'o-nin). A glucosid, C34H56O16, 
found in scammony. 
scammony (skam'o-ne) [L. scammo'nium, scam- 
mo'nia]. The plant Convol'vulus scammo'nia, of 
Asia Minor and Syria. The root (Scammo'nice ra'- 
dix, U. S. P.) affords a gummy and resinous exudate 
(scammo'nice res'ina, scammo'nium), which is an 
anthelmintic and hydragogue cathartic. It con- 
tains scammonium, and is employed chiefly, in con- 
junction with other purgatives, for constipation 
and dropsy. Dose of root, 3-10 gr. (0.2-0.666 gm.); 
of resin, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 gm.); of mixture, 1 
fl.oz. (30 c.c.); of compound powder (which contains 
jalap also), 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
scandium (skan'de-um). A very rare metallic 
element; symbol, Sc; atomic weight, 45.1. 
scanning (skan'ing). Noting a manner of utter- 
ance characterized by somewhat regularly recur- 
rent pauses. See speech. 
Scanzoni's operation (skan-tso'nez) [Friedrich 
Wilhelm Scanzoni, German obstetrician, 1821- 
1891]. See under operation. 
scapha (ska'fah) [L. "a skiff"]. The scaphoid fossa, 
scaphocephalic (ska"fo-sef-al'ik) [Gr. boat 
+ Keya-Xi) head]. Having a keeled, or boat- 
shaped, head. 
scaphocephalism, scaphocephaly (ska-fo-sef- 
al-izm, ska-fo-sef'al-e). The condition of being 
scaphocephalic. 
scaphocephalous (ska-fo-sef'al-us). Same as sca- 
phocephalic. 
scapho hydrocephalus (ska"fo-hi-dro-sef 'al-us) • 
Hydrocephalus in which the head assumes a 
boat-like shape. 
scaphohydrocephaly (ska"fo-hi-dro-sef'al-e). A 
scaphocephalic form of the head due to hydro- 
cephalus. 
scaphoid (ska'foid) [L. scaphoid,'es; Gr. crKaqrq 
skiff + elSos form]. 1. Shaped like a boat; navic- 
ular. 2. The os scaphoides: the outer bone of 
the first row of the carpal bones. 3. A bone on 
the inner side of the tarsus, before the astragalus 
and behind the cuneiform bone. 
scaphoiditis (skaf-oi-di'tis). Inflammation of the 
scaphoid bone, tarsal s. See Kohler's disease, 
under disease. 
scapula (skap'u-lah) [L.]. The shoulder-blade; 
the flat, triangular bone in the back of the shoulder, 
scaphoid s., a scapula in which the vertebral 
border is more or less concave, s. ala'ta. See 
winged s. winged s., a scapula having a promi- 
nent vertebral border. Called also s. alata. 
scapulalgia (skap-u-lal'je-ah) [scapula + Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the scapular region. 
scapular (skap'u-lar). Of or pertaining to the 
scapula. 
scapulary (skap'u-la-re). A shoulder bandage, 
like a pair of suspenders or braces, to hold in 
place a body-bandage or girdle. 
scapulectomy (skap-u-lek'to-me) [scapula + Gr. 
eKTopq excision]. The surgical removal of the 
scapula. 
scapuloclavicular (skap"u-lo-klav-ik'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the scapula and the clavicle. 
scapulodynia (skap"u-lo-din'e-ah) [scapula + Gr. 
bbvvq pain]. Pain in the region of the shoulder. 
scapulohumeral (skap"u-lo-hu'mer-al). Pertain- 
ing to the scapula and the humerus. 
scapulopexy (skap'u-lo-pek-se) [scapula + Gr. 
fixation]. The operation of fixing the scapula 
to the ribs; done in some cases of myopathy. 
scapulothoracic (skap"u-lo-tho-ras'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the scapula and the thorax. 
scapus (ska'pus) [L. "shaft"]. The shaft of the 
hair. 
scar (skar) [Gr. ea%apa]. Same as cicatrix, shil- 
ling s's, round, superficial cicatrices left behind 
by an eruption of rupia. 
scarf, Mayor's. A triangular bandage for immobil- 
izing the upper limbs, and consisting of a square of 
stout cotton material 40 inches across, folded ob- 
liquely, 40 inches of 3-inch bandage, a plug of 
carded cotton 6 inches long and 4 inches thick, and 
a dozen stout safety-pins. 
scarf-skin (skarf'skin). The cuticle, or epider- 
mis. See skin. • 
scarification (skar"if-ik-a'shun) [L. scarifica'tio[. 
The making of a set of small, superficial incisions 
or punctures in the skin. 
scarificator (skaPif-ik-a-tor). An instrument for 
making a scarification. 
scarlatin (skar'lat-in). An antiscarlatinal serum 
extracted from the blood of infected animals.. 
Called also Morpinami's scarlatina toxin. scarlatina (skar-lat-i'nah) [L. " scarlet "]. An 
acute contagious and exanthematous fever with 
a scarlet eruption, or rash; scarlet fever (Syden- 
ham, 1675). It begins with chills, vomiting, 
and sore throat, followed by pyrexia and rapid 
pulse. After about twenty-four hours the erup- 
tion appears as a rash of thickly set red spots, 
which begin to fade in two or three days, and 
is often gone by the end of the first week. The 
fever departs in favorable cases with the disap- 
pearance of the eruption, which is attended by a 
desquamation of the skin in fine, branny scales 
and in large flakes. Recovery may often be 
looked for in two or three weeks, but is seldom 
complete in less than six weeks, and it is during 
this stage that kidney complications are liable to 
occur, chiefly as a result of exposure to cold or 
wet. The nephritis is liable to lead to dropsy 
and uremia. Throat, ear, and eye complications 
are not infrequent, and often prove chronic. 
Scarlatina attacks principally children and youths, 
but may affect adults also. Second attacks are 
extremely rare. See exanthemata, table of. S. 
angino'sa, a dangerous form with marked throat 
symptoms, s. hsemorrha'gica, scarlatina in 
which there is extravasation of the blood into the 
skin and mucous membranes, s. la'tens, that in 
which no rash or fever is observed, but which is 
manifested in kidney disease or some other result- 
ant complication, s. malig'na, a variety with 
severe symptoms and great prostration, often fatal; 
also a form in which the rash disappears suddenly 
and prematurely, s. rheumat'ica, dengue, 
s. sim plex, a mild form attended with but little 
soreness of the throat. 
scarlatinal (skar-lat'in-al). Pertaining to or due 
to scarlatina. 
scarlatiniform, scarlatinoid (skar-lat-in'if-orm, 
skar-lat'in-oid). Resembling scarlatina, meta- 
diphtheric s., an eruption with symptoms re- 
sembling those of scarlet fever, sometimes seen in 
convalescence from diphtheria. 
scarlet fever (skahr'let). See scarlatina. Bieb- 
rich's s., scarlet red. See under red. s. R, 
S.-red. See under red. 
Scarpa's fascia, foramen, membrane, tri- 
angle (skar'pahz) [Antonio Scarpa, Italian an- 
atomist and surgeon, 1747-1832]. See fascia, 
foramen, membrane, triangle. 
Scat. Abbreviation for L. scat'ula, a box. 
scatacratia (skat-ak-ra'she-ah) [Gr. aKcop dung + 
anparia inability]. Incontinence of the feces 
scatemia (ska-te'me-ah) [Gr. aKa>p dung + aqua 
blood]. Intestinal toxemia. 
scatol (ska'tol). See skatol. 
scatologic (ska-tol-oj'ik). Pertaining to fecal 
matter. 
scatology (ska-tol'o-je) [Gr. <tkup dung + Xbyos 
treatise]. The study of the feces. 
scatophagy (ska-tof'aj-e) [Gr. aKup dung + 
tpayeiv to eat]. The eating of excrement. 
scatoscopy (ska-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. ctkmp dung + 
aKOTTeiv to view]. Inspection of the feces. 
scatoxyl (ska-tok'sil). The radical, C9HSON. 
scatula (skat'u-lah) [L. for " parallelepiped "]. 
An oblong paper box for powders or pills, 
scavenger-cell (skav'en-jer-). See cell. 
Sc. D. A. Right scapulo-anterior position of the 
fetus. 
Sc. D. P. Right scapuloposterior position of the 
fetus. 
Sc. L. A. Left spapulo-anterior position of the fetus. 
Sc. L.P. Left scapuloposterior position of the fetus, 
scelalgia (ske-lal'je-ah) [Gr. aKe\ls leg -f- &Xyos 
pain]. Pain in the leg. 
Sceleth treatment (ske'leth) [Charles E. Sceleth, 
Chicago physician]. See under treatment. 
scelotyrbe (sel-o-ter'be) |[Gr. a/ceAfs leg + rop/dr) 
disorder]. Spastic paralysis of the legs. 
SCARLATINA 
976 
Schacher's ganglion (shah'kerz) [Polycarp Gott- 
lieb Schacher, German physician, 1674-1737]. The 
ciliary ganglion. 
Schachowa's tube (shah'ko-vahz) [Seraphina 
Schachowa, Russian histologist in Bern 19th cen- 
tury]. See under tube. 
Schafer's method (sha'ferz) [Edward Albert 
Schafer, English physiologist, born 1850]. See 
under respiration, artificial. 
Schaffer's reflex (sha'ferz) [Max Schafer, con- 
temporary German neurologist]. See reflex. 
Schamberg's disease (sham'bergz) [Jay Frank 
S chambers, Philadelphia dermatologist, born 1870] 
See under disease. 
Schanz's syndrome (shahnts') [Alfred Schanz, 
contemporary German physician]. See syndrome. 
scharlach r (shar'lak). Same as scarlet R. 
Schaudinn's bacillus (shaw-dinz') [Fritz Schau- 
dinn, German bacteriologist, 1871-1906]. The 
Spirochceta pallida. 
Schede's method (sha'dez) [Max Schede, surgeon 
in Bonn, 1844-1902]. A method of treating 
necrosis of bone by scraping away all dead bone and 
diseased tissue, permitting the cavity to fill with 
a blood-clot, and keeping the latter moist and 
aseptic by a cover of gauze and rubber tissue. 
Scheele's green (sha'lez or shelz) [Karl William 
Scheele, Swedish chemist, 1742-1786]. Copper 
arsenite. 
Schemer's experiment (shi'nerz) [Christoph 
Scheiner, physicist, 1575-1650]. The experiment 
of looking at an object through two pin-holes 
close together in a card. If the object is in focus, 
only one image is observed; if not, two or more 
images are seen. 
schema (ske'mah) [Gr. axfuia outline]. A plan, 
outline, or arrangement; in homeopathy, the ar- 
rangement of the drug symptoms in anatomic 
order. Hamberger's s., the external intercostal 
and the intercartalaginous muscles are inspiratory 
muscles, the internal intercostal muscles are ex- 
piratory. 
schematic (ske-mat'ik) [Gr. axwariKbs resem- 
bling]. Serving as a diagram or model. See eye. 
Schenck's disease (shenks) [B. R. Schenck, 
American pathologist]. Sporotrichosis. 
Schenk's theory (shenks) [physiologist in Vienna, 
1840-1904]. See under theory. 
Scherer's test (sha'rerz) [Johann Joseph von 
Scherer, German physician, 1814-1869]. See un- 
der tests. 
scherlievo (skar-lya'vo). A contagious disorder 
formerly prevalent in Illyria and Dalmatia: sup- 
posed to have been syphilis. 
Scheurlen's bacillus (shor'lenz). See bacillus. 
Schiassi's operation, solution (she-as'ez) [B. 
Schiassi, contemporary Italian surgeon]. See under 
operation and solution. 
Schick's sign, test (shocks') [Bela Schick, pedia- 
trist in Vienna]. See under sign and tests. 
Schiff's test (shifs) [Moritz Schiff, German physiol- 
ogist, 1823-1896]. See under tests. 
Schimmelbusch's disease (shim'el-boosh-ez) 
[Curt Schimmelbusch, German surgeon, born i860]. 
See disease. 
schindylesis (skin-dil-e'sis) [Gr. ax^bi)\ri<ns a 
splintering], A synarthrosis in which one bone is 
received into a slit in another, as in the articula- 
tion of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid 
bone with the vomer. 
Schinus (ski'nus) [Gr. cryfivos mastic], A genus of 
anacardiaceous trees of warm regions. 5. mol'le, 
of tropical America (pepper-tree), affords a kind 
of mastic, and is a mild purgative and aromatic. 
Schiotz's tonometer (she-ets') [Hjalmar Schiotz, 
Norwegian physician, born 1850]. See tonometer. 
schistocelia (skis-to-se'le-ah) [Gr. vxwrbs split + 
KoiXia belly]. Congenital fissure of the abdomen. 
SCHISTOCELIA SCHISTOCEPHALUS 
977 
SCHMIDT'S SYNDROME 
schistocephalus (skis-to-sef'al-us) [Gr. ox^tos 
cloven + Ke<f>aXr) head]. A fetus born with a 
cleft head. 
schistocoelia (skis-to-se'le-ah). Schistocelia. 
schistocormus (skis-to-kor'mus) [Gr. trxwrbs 
split + Koppvs trunk]. A monster-fetus in which 
the trunk is cleft. 
schistocyte (skis'to-sit) [Gr. axioros cleft + kIitos 
cell], i. A blood-corpuscle undergoing segmen- 
tation. 2. A product of the division of a red 
blood-corpuscle in malaria, parasitiferous s., 
that half of a divided red blood-corpuscle which 
contains a parasite. 
schistocytosis (skis"to-si-to'sis) [Gr. axiaros cleft 
+ kIttos cell]. The accumulation of schistocytes 
in the blood. 
schistoglossia (skis-to-glos'e-ah) [Gr. axivrbs 
cleft + yXaxrcra. tongue]. Fissure of the tongue. 
schistomelus (skis-tom'e-lus) [Gr. axwrbs split 
+ jueXos limb]. A monster with a cleft limb. 
SChistometer (skis-tom'et-er) [Gr. ax^Tos cleft. + 
p'erpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the aperture between the vocal cords. 
schistoprosopia (skis"to-pros-o'pe-ah) [Gr. o-xta- 
ros split 4- irpoauirov face]. A fissure of the face 
due to defective development. 
schistoprosopus (skis-to-pros'o-pus) [Gr. ox^rbs 
cleft + irpbcrwov face]. A monster-fetus born 
with a cleft face. 
schistorachis (skis-tor'a-kis) [Gr. ax^Tos cleft + 
pax« spine]. Same as spina bifida. 
Schistosoma (skis-to-so'mah) [Gr. ax^bs cleft 4- 
crbjpa body]. A genus of trematode parasites or 
flukes; the blood-flukes. S. haemato bium, a 
common parasite of tropical countries, especially 
Egypt, occurring in the natives, especially boys 
from six to ten years of age. It is found in dilata- 
tion of the veins, especially the cystic vein, pro- 
ducing irritability of the bladder, hematuria, and 
dysentery. The parasites enter the body by the 
alimentary tract, especially by drinking water, the 
invertebrate host being a small snail, Bullinus 
contortus. Called also Distoma haematobium and 
Bilharzia hamatobia. S. japon'ica, the Asiatic 
blood-fluke, a species found in Japan, China, and 
the Philippines, and causing symptoms like those 
caused by S. hcematobium. S. manso'ni, this 
species is very similar to 5. hcematobium except that 
(i) it is found in the feces instead of the urine, (2) 
the egg has a spur, and (3) its invertebrate host is 
the fresh water snail, Planorbis. 
schistosomiasis (skis-to-so-mi'as-is). Infection 
with Schistosoma hcematobium. 
schistosomus (skis-to-so'mus) [Gr. axwrbs cleft + 
aupa body]. A monster-fetus with a fissured 
abdomen. The lower limbs are usually rudi- 
mentary or wanting. 
schistosternia (skis-to-ster'ne-ah) [Gr. ax^rbs 
cleft + sternum]. Schistothorax. 
schistothorax (skis-to-tho'raks) [Gr. axurros cleft 
+ Oupa^ chest]. Congenital fissure of the chest 
or sternum. 
schistotrachelus (skis-to-trak-eflus) [Gr. axurros 
split + rpa-xfiXos neck]. A monster-fetus with 
'fissure of the neck. 
schizaxon (ski-zaks'on) [Gr. to divide + 
axis]. An axon which is divided into two 
equal, or nearly equal, branches. 
schizocyte (skiz'o-sit). Schistocyte. 
schizocytosis (skiz-o-si-to'sis) [Gr. ax^1'' to di- 
vide + kIttos cell]. Schistocytosis. 
schizogenesis (skiz-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. ax^eu' to 
split 4- yeveacs production]. Reproduction by 
sporulation without fertilization; asexual sporula- 
tion. Cf. sporogony. 
schizogenous (skiz-oj'en-us). Reproducing by 
schizogenesis. 
schizogony (skiz-og'o-ne). Same as schizogenesis. 
schizomycete (ski"zo-mi-set') [Gr. axl^etv to 
divide -)- pvkt)^ fungus]. Any organism or species 
belonging to the Schizomyce'tes. 
Schizomycetes (ski-zo-mi-se'tez), pl. [Gr. ax^bs 
cleft 4- pvKi]s fungus]. A class of vegetable micro- 
organisms, the bacteria or fission-fungi. The class 
includes Myxobacteriales, or slime-mold bacteria; 
the Eubacteriales, or true bacteria; the Thiobac- 
teriales, or sulphur bacteria; Actinomyctales, or 
thread bacteria; and Spirochcetales, or spiral 
organisms. 
schizomycetic (ski"zo-mi-set'ik). Due to the 
presence of bacteria. 
schizomycosis (ski"zo-mi-ko'sis). Any disease 
due to the presence of schizomycetes. 
schizont (ski'zont) [Gr. ox^eiu to divide]. One of 
the developmental forms of a protozoan which 
exhibits alternation of generations. The schizont 
develops by schizogony, giving rise to isospores 
which develop without conjugation. The other 
form is the sporont, which develops by sporogony, 
giving rise to anisospores which conjugate to form 
schizonts. Called also monont and agamont. 
schizophrenia (ski-zo-fre'ne-ah) [Gr. ax'^v to 
divide 4- <pprp> mind]. Bleuler's term for dementia 
praecox which, according to his interpretation, 
represents a cleavage or fissuration of the mental 
functions. 
schizophrenic (ski-zo-fren'ik). Pertaining to or 
affected with schizophrenia. 
schizophrenosis (ski-zo-fre-no'sis). Southard's 
term for any disease of the dementia praecox group. 
Schizo siphon (ski-zo-si'fon). A genus of nema- 
togenous schizomycetes with flagelliform fila- 
ments, slender toward the extremity. 
schizothemia (ski-zo-the'me-ah) [Gr. ax^^ev to 
divide 4- Oepa theme]. Interruption of an argu- 
ment by reminiscences; regarded as hysterical by 
Breuer and Freud. 
schizothemic (ski-zo-the'mik). Marked by schi- 
zothemia. 
schizotrichia (ski-zo-trik'e-ah) [Gr. crxtfav to 
split 4- 0pl^ hair]. Splitting of the hairs at the 
ends. 
schizotrypanosis (ski-zo-tri-pan-o'sis). Infection 
by Schizotrypanum, a condition with symptoms re- 
sembling Hodgkin's disease. 
Schizotrypa'num cru'zi. A trypanosome-like 
organism discovered in a new form of trypanosomi- 
asis in Brazil. See Chagas' disease, under disease. 
schizozoite (ski-zo-zo'it) [Gr. crx^w t° divide 4- 
$<pov animal]. Same as merozo'ite. 
schlammfieber (shlahm'fe-ber) [Ger " slime- 
fever "]. A disease resembling Weil's disease, 
which prevailed among young persons who worked 
in the flooded districts near Breslau in the summer 
of 1891. 
Schlatter's disease, operation (shlat'erz) 
[K. Schlatter, surgeon in Zurich, born 1864]. See 
disease and operation. 
Schleich's anesthesia, solution (shliks) [Karl 
Ludwig Schleich, surgeon in Berlin, born 1859]. 
Infiltration-anesthesia. See anesthesia, solution. 
Schlemm's canal (shlemz) [Friedrich S. Schlemm, 
German anatomist, 1795-1858]. See canal. S's 
ligaments, two ligamentous bands strengthening 
the capsule of the shoulder-joint. 
Schlesinger's sign (shla'zing-erz) [Hermann Schle- 
singer, Austrian physician, bom 1868]. See sign. 
Schlosser's method or treatment (shles'erz) 
[Carl Schlosser, German oculist, born 1857]. See 
treatment. 
Schmidel's anastomosis (shme'delz) [Casimir 
Christoph Schmidel, German anatomist, 1718- 
1792]. See under anastomosis. 
Schmidt's fibrinoplastic (shmits) [Eduard 
Oskar Schmidt, German anatomist, 1823-1886]. 
Serum-globulin. 
Schmidt's syndrome (shmits) [Johann Friedrich SCHMIDT'S TEST 
978 
SCIRRHOMA 
Moritz Schmidt, German laryngologist, born 1838]. 
See syndrome. 
Schmidt's test (shmits) [Adolf Schmidt, physician 
in Halle, 1865-1919]. See under tests. 
schmutzdecke (schmoots'dek-uh). The' carpet- 
like layer of bacteria, algae, and other micro- 
organisms which forms on the surface of a slow 
sand filter and which aids in purifying the water. 
Schneider's carmin (shni'derz) [Franz Coelestin 
Schneider, German chemist, 1813-1897]. See 
carmin. 
Schneiderian membrane (sni-de're-an) [Conrad 
Victor Schneider, German physician, 1610-1680]. 
See under membrane. 
Schdler's treatment (sha'lerz) [Heinrich Leopold 
Schaler, German ophthalmologist, born 1844]. See 
treatment. 
Schonbein's reaction, test (shan'linz) [Christian 
Friedrich Schonbein, German chemist, 1799-1868]. 
See reaction, tests. 
Schbnlein's disease (shan'linz) [Johann Lukas 
Sch'bnlein, German physician, 1793-1864]. See 
disease. 
Schott's treatment (shots) [Theodore Schott, 
physician in Nauheim, 1850-1921]. See treatment. 
Schreger's lines (shra'gerz) [Bernhard Gottlob 
Schreger, German anatomist, 1766-1825]. See 
under line. 
Schreiber's maneuver (shri'berz) [Julius Schrei- 
ber, German physician, born 1848]. See maneuver. 
Schridde's granules (shrid'ez) [H. Schridde, con- 
temporary German physician], Chondroconia. 
Schroder's ring, operation (shra'derz) [Karl 
Schroder, German gynecologist, 1838-1887]. See 
ring and operation. 
Schroder's test (shra'ders) [Woldemar von 
Schroder, German physician, 1850-1898]. See tests. 
Schron's bacillus, granule (shrenz) [Otto von 
Schrbn, German pathologist in Naples, 1837-1913]. 
See bacillus and granule. 
Schroth's treatment (shrots) [Johann Schroth, 
German physician, 1800-1856]. See under treat- 
ment. 
Schrotter's chorea (shret'erz) [Leopold von 
Schrotter, Viennese laryngologist, 1837-1908]. 
Chorea of the larynx. 
Schiiffner's granules (shef'nerz) [Wilhelm Schief- 
ner, contemporary German pathologist]. See 
under granule. 
Schiile's sign (she'lez) [Heinrich Schiele, contem- 
porary German psychiatrist]. See under sign. 
Schuller's method (shil'erz) [Karl Heinrich An- 
ton Ludwig Max Schuller, surgeon in Berlin, born 
1843]. See method. 
Schuller's phenomenon (shil'erz) [Arthur 
Schuller, contemporary Austrian neurologist]. 
See phenomenon. 
Schultze's bundle, cells, tract (shoolt'sez) [Max 
Johann Schultze, German biologist, 1825-1874]. 
See bundle, cell, tract. 
Schultze's fold, method (shoolt'sez) [Bernhard 
Sigismund Schultze, German gynecologist, 1827- 
1919]. See fold and method. 
Schultze's test (shoolt'sez) [Ernst Schultze, Swiss 
chemist, 1860-1912]. See under tests. 
Schutz's micrococcus (shitz'ez) [Johann Wilhelm 
Schutz, German veterinarian, 1839-1920]. See 
micrococcus. 
Schwabach's test (svah'baks) [Dagobert Schwa- 
bach, otologist in Berlin, born 1846]. See under tests. 
Schwalbe's corpuscles, fissure, foramen, 
sheath, space, etc. (shval'bez) [GustavSchwalbe, 
German anatomist, 1844-1916]. See corpuscle, 
fissure, foramen, sheath, space, etc. 
Schwann, sheath of (shwon) [Theodor Schwann, 
German physiologist, 1810-1882]. The neuri- 
lemma of a nerve-fiber. S., white substance 
of, the myelin of a medullated nerve-fiber. 
Schwartz's operation (shvartz) [Charles Edouard 
Schwartz, French surgeon, born 1852]. See opera- 
tion. 
Schwartze's operation (shvart'sez) [Hermann 
Schwartze, German otologist, 1837-1910]. See 
operation. 
Schwarz's test (shvarz). 1. [Karl Leonhard 
Heinrich Schwarz, German chemist, 1824-1890]. 
See under test. 2. [G. Schwarz, contemporary 
German physician]. See under tests, 2d def. 
Schwediauer's disease (shva'de-ow-erz) [Fran- 
cois Xavier Schwediauer, Austrian physician, 1748- 
1824]. See under disease. 
schweinerrothlauf (shwi-ner-ot'lowf). Same as 
rouget du pore (q. v.), or swine erysipelas. 
schweineseuche (shwi"muh-soy'kuh) [Ger.]. Swine 
plague. 
Schweinfurt green (shwln'foort). Paris green. 
Schweitzer's reagent (shvi'tsers) [Matthias 
Eduard Schweitzer, German chemist, 1818-1860]. 
See reagent. 
schwelle (shwel'eh). German for threshold. 
sciage (se-ahzh') [Fr.]. A sawing movement in 
massage. 
sciagram, sciagraphy, etc. See skiagram, skiag- 
raphy, etc. 
sciatic (si-at'ik) [L. sciat'icus; Gr. iaxiaSixos]. 
Pertaining to the ischium. 
sciatica (si-at'ik-ah) [L.]. A painful inflamma- 
tion of the sciatic nerve, usually a neuritis. It is 
attended with paresthesia of the thigh and leg, 
tenderness along the course of the nerve, and 
sometimes by wasting of the calf muscles. The 
pain is constant, but subject to exacerbations. 
The disease usually attacks persons of middle 
age. 
scieropia (si-er-o'pe-ah) [Gr. aKcepos shady + 
eye]. Visual defect in which objects appear in a 
shadow. 
scilla (sil'ah). Latin for squill. 
scillain (sil'ah-in). An amorphous and poisonous 
glucosid from squill: diuretic. Dose, gr. 
<0.0011 gm.). 
scillin (sil'in). A yellowish, crystalline glucosid 
from squill. 
scillipicrin (sil-ip-ik'rin) [Gr. anlWa squill + ttik- 
pbs bitter], A yellow, bitter, and amorphous active 
principle from squill: diuretic. Dose, gr. 
(o.oon gm.). 
scillitin (sil'it-in). One of the active principles 
of squill: diuretic. Dose, gr. (0.001 gm.). 
scillitoxin (sil-it-oks'in) [L. scil'la squill + toxin]. 
A brown, amorphous principle found in squill: 
a cardiac poison. Diuretic dose, gr. (0.001 
gm.). 
Scindapsus officinaTis (sin-dap'sus). An ara- 
ceous Asiatic plant: esteemed in oriental medi- 
cine. 
scintillascope (sin-til'as-kop) [L. scintil'la spark 4- 
Gr. oKoireiv to view]. Same as spinthariscope. 
scintillation (sin-til-a'shun) [L. scintilla'tio]. 1. 
An emission of sparks. 2. A subjective visual 
sensation, as of seeing sparks. 
scirrhencanthus (skir-en-kan'thus) [Gr. aKtppos 
hard tumor 4* ev in 4" ko-vOos canthus]. Scirrhus 
of the lacrimal gland. 
scirrhoblepharoncus (skir"o-blef-ar-ong'kus) [Gr. 
aidppos hard + fi\e<papov eyelid + 07x0s tumor]. 
A scirrhous tumor of the eyelid. 
scirrhoid (skir'oid) [Gr. ffKlfipos scirrhus + e*3os 
form]. Resembling a scirrhus. 
scirrhoma (skir-o'mah) [Gr. aKippos hard 4- -opa 
tumor], A scirrhus. s. caminiano'rum, chim- 
ney-sweeper's cancer, or soot-cancer. scirrhophthalmia (skir-of-thal'me-ah) [Gr. 
aKippos hard + b<p6aXpbs eye], Scirrhus of the 
eye. 
scirrhosarca (skir-o-sar'kah) [Gr. aidppos scirrhus 
+ aap^ flesh]. Scleroderma, or sclerema neo- 
natorum. 
scirrhous (skir'us) [L. scirrho'sus]. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a scirrhus. 
scirrhus (skir'us) [Gr. anippos]. A hard cancer 
with a marked predominance of connective tissue. 
scissel (siz'el). Small pieces of metal cut from a 
plate which is being made into the base of a 
denture. 
scission (sizh'un) [L. scin'dere to cut]. Fission; 
splitting. In chemistry, the splitting of a molecule 
into two or more new molecules, particularly the 
splitting of one carbon from a chain. 
scissiparity (sis-ip-ar'it-e) [L. scin'dere to split + 
pa'rere to bring forth]. Reproduction by fission. 
scissor-leg (siz'er-leg). A crossing of the legs 
from deformity. 
scissors (siz'erz). A cutting instrument with two 
opposed blades, canalicular s., delicate scis- 
sors with one of the blades probe-pointed: used 
in slitting the lacrimal canal, cannula-s., 
probe-pointed scissors used in slitting a canal 
lengthwise, craniotomy-s., strong /-shaped 
shears for use in opening the fetal head, de 
Wecker's s., a small scissors for operations on the 
eyeball, in which the blades are operated by pres- 
sure on two springs joined at the end like a pair 
of tweezers. Jewish S., a cutting instrument 
used in circumcision: they have a limited use in 
surgery. Liston's s., scissors for cutting plaster- 
of-Paris bandages. Smellie's s., short, strong- 
bladed scissors with external cutting edges: used in 
craniotomy. 
scissura (sis-su'rah) [L.]. A splitting, s. pilo'- 
rum, splitting of the hair. 
sclera (skle'rah) [L.; Gr. hard]. [B N A] 
The sclerotic coat of the eye. See sclerotica. 
scleradenitis (skle"rad-en-i'tis) [Gr. aKXqpos hard 
+ aSqv gland + -ins inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion and hardening of a gland. 
scleral (skle'ral). Pertaining to the sclera. 
scleratitis (skle-rat-i'tis). See scleritis. 
sclerectasia (skle-rek-ta'zhe-ah) [sclera + Gr. e«Ta- 
ais extension]. A bulging out of the sclera. 
sclerecto-iridectomy (skle-rek"to-i-rid-ek'to-me). 
The operation of excision of a portion of the sclera 
and of the iris for glaucoma. Called also Lagrange 
operation. 
sclerectome (skle-rek'tom). An instrument for 
performing sclerectomy. 
sclerectomy (skle-rek'to-me) [Gr. aKXqpos hard + 
eKTopq excision]. 1. Excision of a part of the 
sclera. 2. Removal of the sclerosed parts of the 
middle ear after otitis media. 
sclerema (skle-re'mah) [Gr. aKXqpos hard]. A 
hardened or sclerosed state of a tissue, especially 
of the skin. s. adulto'rum, diffuse symmet- 
ric scleroderma, s. neonato'rum, a very fa- 
tal disease of early infancy, with coldness, harden- 
ing, and tightness of the skin, especially that of the 
feet and legs, and depression- of the respiration 
and pulse. It is thought to be due to coagulation 
or congelation of the fat. 
sclerencephalia, sclerencephaly (skle"ren-sef- 
a'le-ah, skle-ren-sef'al-e) [Gr. aKXqpos hard + 
eyKe<paXos brain]. Sclerosis of the brain. 
sclerenchymatous (skle-ren-kim'at-us). Of the 
nature of sclerenchyma. 
sclererythrin (skle-rer'ith-rin) [sclerotium + Gr. 
epvOpbs red]. A red coloring-matter from ergot. 
scleriasis (skle-ri'as-is) [Gr. aKXqplaais]. 1. Same 
as scleroderma. 2. A hardened state of an eyelid. 
sclerin (skle'rin). Same as rhinosclerin. 
SCleriritomy (skle-ri-rit'o-me) [sclera 4- iris fl- Gr. 
SCIRRHOPHTHALMIA 
979 
repveiv to cut]. Incision of the sclera and iris in 
anterior staphyloma. 
scleritis (skle-ri'tis) [sclera + Gr. -ins inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the sclerotica. It may 
be superficial [episcleritis') or deep. The latter 
form causes bulging and thinning of the sclerotic. 
sclero-adipose (skle-ro-ad'ip-os). Composed of 
fibrous and fatty tissue. 
scleroblastema (skle"ro-blas-te'mah) [Gr. aKXqpos 
hard + blastema]. The embryonic tissue which 
takes part in the formation of bone. 
scleroblastemic (skle"ro-blas-tem'ik). Pertaining 
to the scleroblastema. 
sclerocataracta (skle"ro-kat-ar-ak'tah) [Gr. <tkXt)- 
p6s hard + KarappaKrys downpour], A hard cat- 
aract. 
sclerochoroiditis (skle"ro-ko-roid-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the sclera and the choroid coat, result- 
ing in atrophy of both coats and protrusion of the 
former, s. ante'rior, involves the anterior por- 
tions of the sclera and causes anterior staphyl- 
oma. S. poste'rior, a condition seen in pro- 
gressive myopia in which posterior staphyloma 
occurs in the region of the optic disk. 
scleroconjunctival (skle"ro-kon-junk-ti'val). Per- 
taining to the sclera and conjunctiva. 
scleroconjunctivitis (skle-ro-kon-junk-tiv-i'tis). 
Inflammation of the sclera and the conjunctiva. 
sclerocornea (skle-ro-kor'ne-ah). The sclera and 
the cornea considered as forming one organ. 
sclerocorneal (skle-ro-kor'ne-al). Pertaining to 
the sclera and the cornea. 
sclerodactylia (skle"ro-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. aKXqpos 
hard + SaKrvXbs finger]. Scleroderma of a finger 
or of the fingers and toes. s. annula'ris ain- 
humoi'des, a form which sometimes destroys the 
terminal phalanges. 
scleroderma (skle-ro-der'mah) [Gr. aKXqpos hard 4- 
Seppa skin]. A disease of the skin in which thick- 
ened, hard, rigid, and pigmented patches occur, 
the connective tissue of the corium and subcuta- 
neous structures being increased, a hidebound 
condition resulting (Watson, 1754). The ordinary 
form (s. adulto'rum) begins in middle life, and is 
often incurable, s. circumscrip'tum, morphea, 
diffuse symmetric s., scleroderma. S. neo- 
nato'rum. Same as sclerema neonatorum. 
sclerodermatitis, sclerodermitis (skle"ro-der- 
mat-i'tis, sk e"ro-der-mi'tis) [Gr. aKXqpos hard + 
Seppa skin]. Inflammation and hardening of the 
skin. 
sclerogenous (skle-roj'en-us) [Gr. aKXqpos hard + 
yevvav to produce]. Producing sclerous tissue. 
sclerogummatous (skle-ro-gum'at-us). Composed 
of fibrous and gummatous tissue. 
scleroid (skle'roid) [Gr. hard + etSos 
form]. Having a hard texture 
sclero-iodin (skle-ro-i'o-din). A principle obtain- 
able from ergot in small quantities. 
sclero-iritis (skle-ro-i-ri'tis). Inflammation of the 
sclera and of the iris. 
sclerokeratitis (skle"ro-ker-at-i'tis) [Gr. aKXqpbs 
hard, sclera fl- Kepas cornea]. Inflammation of 
the sclera and of the cornea. 
sclerokerato-iritis (skle"ro-ker"at-o-i-ri'tis). In- 
flammation of the sclera, cornea, and iris. 
Scleroma (skle-ro'mah) [Gr. aKXqpwpa induration]. 
A hardened patch or induration, especially of the 
nasal or laryngeal tissues, s. respirato'rium, 
rhinoscleroma. 
scleromeninx (skle-ro-me'ninks) [Gr. anXqpbs hard 
+ pqnyl- membrane]. The dura mater. 
scleromere (skle'ro-mer) [Gr. aKXqpos hard + 
pepos part]. Any segment or metamere of the 
skeletal system. 
sclerometer (skle-rom'et-er) [Gr. oKXqpbs hard 
+ perpov measure]. An instrument for deter- 
mining the hardness of substances. 
SCLEROMETER scleromucin (skle-ro-mu'sin) [Gr. aKXqpbs hard 
+ mucin]. A slimy, active principle from ergot. 
scleronychia (skle-ro-nik'e-ah) [Gr. aKXqpos hard 
+ ovv^ nail], A simultaneous thickening and 
dryness of the nails. 
scleronyxis (skle-ro-nik'sis) [Gr. aKXqpos hard + 
puncture]. Surgical puncture of the sclera. 
sclero-odphoritis (skle"ro-o-of-o-ri'tis) [Gr. aKXq- 
pbs hard + oophoritis]. Sclerosing inflammation 
of the ovary. 
sclero-odthecitis (skle"ro-o-o-the-si'tis). Sclero- 
obphoritis. 
sclero-optic (skle-ro-op'tik). Pertaining to the 
sclerotica and the optic nerve. 
sclerophthalmia (skle-rof-thal'me-ah) [Gr. <rKXq- 
pbs hard + 6<p0aXpos eye]. The condition in 
which, from imperfect differentiation of the sclera 
and cornea, the former encroaches on the latter, so 
that only the central part of the cornea remains 
clear. 
scleroprotein (skle-ro-pro'te-in) [Gr. axX^pos 
hard + protein]. A name proposed as a substitute 
for albuminoid. See albuminoid (3). 
sclerosal (skle-ro'sal). Sclerous. 
sclerosarcoma (skle"ro-sar-ko'mah) [Gr. oKXqpbs 
hard 4* aapKwpa fleshy tumor]. A hard, fleshy 
variety of epulis. 
sclerosed (skle-rbzd'). Affected with sclerosis. 
sclerosing (skle-ro'zing). Causing or undergoing 
sclerosis. 
sclerosis (skle-ro'sis) [Gr. <TKX-qpco<jLs hardness]. 
An induration, or hardening; especially harden- 
ing of a part from inflammation and in diseases 
of the interstitial substance. The term is used 
chiefly for such a hardening of the nervous sys- 
tem due to hyperplasia of the connective tissue. 
Alzheimer's s., hyaline degeneration of the 
smaller cerebral blood-vessels; presenile insanity, 
amyotrophic lateral s., a disease marked by a 
hardening of the lateral columns of the spinal cord 
with muscular atrophy. It may invade the 
oblongata and affect the ventral columns also. 
The disease always ends fatally in from one to 
three years, death occurring from extension of 
the hardening to the medulla oblongata, annu- 
lar S., sclerosis of the spinal cord, forming a 
band around it. anterolateral s., sclerosis of 
the ventral and lateral columns of the cord, 
leading to spastic paraplegia. Called also ventro- 
lateral s. arterial s., arteriosclerosis, ar- 
teriocapillary s. Same as arteriosclerosis. 
bone s., eburnation. cerebral s., mul- 
tiple sclerosis of the brain, cerebrospinal s., 
multiple sclerosis of the brain and spinal cord. See 
multiple s. combined s., sclerosis of both 
the posterior and lateral columns of the cord, 
diffuse s., a form affecting large areas of the 
brain and cord. disseminated s., focal 
s., insular s. Same as multiple s. lat- 
eral S., a form seated in the lateral columns of 
the cord. It occurs either as a primary affection, 
resulting in spastic paraplegia, attended with 
rigidity of the limbs, increase of the tendon- 
reflexes, and absence of nutritive and sensory dis- 
turbance. The disease may also be secondary to 
myelitis, in which there is spastic paraplegia, with 
sensory and other disturbances, lobar s., 
sclerosis involving an entire lobe of the brain, 
miliary s., sclerosis occurring in minute spots. 
Monckeberg's s., degeneration of the arteries 
marked, in the arteries of large size, by extensive 
degeneration of the media, with atrophy of its mus- 
cular elements and frequent calcareous deposits in 
the atrophied muscle-cells. There is usually a simi- 
lar calcareous deposit in the smaller arteries, 
multiple s., sclerosis occurring in sporadic 
patches throughout the brain or spinal cord, or 
both. Among its symptoms are weakness, incoordi- 
nation, strong jerking movements of the legs, and 
especially of the arms, amenomania or other ab- 
SCLEROMUCIN 
980 
normal mental exaltation, scanning speech, nystag- 
mus, etc. It is not curable, and may last for many 
years. Called also Charcot's disease, disseminated 
s., and insular s. posterior s., sclerosis of the 
posterior columns of the cord, leading to locomotor 
ataxia. See locomotor ataxia, posterolateral s.t 
Friedreich's ataxia, or, more correctly, the lesion 
of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal 
cord which leads to it. s. re'dux. See chancre 
redux, unicellular s., the development of 
bands of fibrous material between the cells of a 
gland, vascular s., arteriosclerosis, s. ven- 
tric'uli, sclerotic gastritis, ventrolateral s. 
See anterolateral s. 
scleroskeleton (skle-ro-skel'et-on) [Gr. aKXqpos 
hard + skeleton]. Those parts of the bony skele- 
ton that are formed by the ossification of liga- 
ments, tendons, or fasciae. 
sclerostenosis (skle"ro-ste-no'sis) [Gr. aKXqpos 
hard + orepwais narrowing]. Induration or hard- 
ening combined with contraction, s. CUta'nea, 
scleroderma. 
Sclerostoma (skle-ros'to-mah). A genus of nema- 
tode worms. S. duodena'le, Ankylostoma duo- 
denale. S. syn'gamus, Syngamus trachealis. 
Sclerostominse (skle-ro-sto'mi-ne). A subfamily 
of the Strongylidae, characterized by hooks or 
plates in the mouth. It contains five genera: 
Ankylostoma, Necator, Triodontophorus, CEsoph- 
agostoma, and Physaloptera. 
sclerostomy (skle-ros'to-me) [sclera + Gr. anna. 
opening]. The operation of forming a fistulous open- 
ing through the sclera for the relief of glaucoma. 
sclerothrix (skle'ro-thriks) [Gr. aKXqpbs hard + 
6pl% hair]. Abnormal hardness and dryness of the 
hair. 
sclerotic (skle-rot'ik) [L. sclerot'icus; Gr. anXqpbs 
hard], i. Hard, or hardening; affected with 
sclerosis. 2. Same as sclerotica, s. acid, a 
yellowish-brown substance, one of the active 
principles of ergot. It is used as an ecbolic. 
Dose, |-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 gm.). 
sclerotica (skle-rot'ik-ah) [L.]. The sclerotic coat, 
or sclera; the hard, white, and fibrous mem- 
brane which, with the cornea, forms the outer- 
most coat of the eye. It is continuous with the 
cornea in front and the optic nerve sheath behind, 
scleroticectomy (skle"rot-is-ek'to-me) [sclerotica 
+ Gr. kKropq excision]. Excision of a portion of 
the sclera. 
scleroticochoroiditis (skle-rot"ik-o-ko-roi-di'tis). 
See sclerochoroiditis. 
scleroticonyxis (skle-rot"ik-o-niks'is). Same as 
scleronyxis 
scleroticopuncture (skle-rot"ik-o-punk'tshur). 
Scleronyxis. 
scleroticotomy (skle'Tot-ik-ot'o-me) [Gr. aKXqpbs 
hard + ropr) cut]. Surgical incision of the sclera,, 
as in an operation for cataract. 
sclerotitis (skle-ro-ti'tis). Same as scleritis. 
sclerotium (skle-ro'she-um) [Gr. aKXqpos hard]. 
The hard, blackish mass formed by certain fungi, 
such as the ergot of rye. 
sclerotome (skle'ro-tom) [Gr. aKXqpbs hard + 
repvetv to cut]. 1. An instrument used in the in- 
cision of the sclera. 2. One of the masses of 
tissue in the early embryo which develops into 
the skeleton; skeletogenous tissue. 
sclerotomy (skle-rot'o-me) [Gr. aKXqpbs hard + 
ropq a cut]. Surgical incision of the sclera, 
anterior s., the opening of the anterior chamber 
of the eye, chiefly done for the relief of glau- 
coma. posterior s., an opening made into the 
vitreous through the sclera, as for detached retina 
or the removal of a foreign body. 
sclerotrichia (skle-ro-trik'e-ah) [Gr. aKXqpos hard 
+ Opi^ hair]. A hard, dry state of the hair. 
sclerozone (skle'ro-zon) [Gr. aKXqpos hard + Zuvti 
zone]. Any surface on a bone giving attachment 
to the muscles from a given myotome. 
SCLEROZONE SCOleciasis (sko-les-i'as-is) [Gr. worm]. 
The morbid state due to the presence of larvae 
of moths or butterflies in the body. 
scoleciform (sko-les'if-orm). Resembling a scolex, 
scolecitis (sko-le-si'tis) [Gr. o-kwX^ worm]. Same 
as appendicitis. 
scolecoid (sko'lek-oid). 1. Resembling a worm. 
2. Resembling a skolex; hydatid. 
scolecoidectomy (sko-lek-oi-dek'to-me). Appen- 
dicectomy. 
scolecoiditis (sko"le-koid-i'tis) [Gr. axwXT/xoeiS^s 
vermiform]. Same as appendicitis. 
scolecology (sko-le-kol'o-je) [Gr. vKcoXrfc worm 4- 
Xoyos discourse]. Same as helminthology. 
scolectomy (sko-lek'to-me). Appendicectomy. 
scoledocostomy (sko-le-do-kos'to-me). Same as 
appendicostomy. 
scolex (sko'leks), pl. scol'ices [Gr. oxwXt^ worm]. 
The anterior end of a tapeworm, consisting of the 
head and neck. 
scoliokyphosis (sko"le-o-ki-fo'sis) [scoliosis 4- 
kyphosis]. Combined lateral and posterior curva- 
ture of the spine. 
scoliometer (sko-le-om'et-er) [Gr. axoXios crooked 
4- perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
curves, especially those of the spinal column. 
scoliorachitic (sko"le-o-ra-kit'ik). Affected with 
scoliosis and rickets. 
scoliosiometry (sko"le-os-e-om'et-re) [Gr. ctkoXIu- 
ols curvation 4" perpov measure]. The measure- 
ment of curvatures, especially those of the ver- 
tebral column. 
scoliosis (sko-le-o'sis) [Gr. <tkoX'l<j:<tls curvation]. 
Abnormal curvature of the vertebral column, es- 
pecially a lateral curvature, cicatricial s., that 
which is due to a cicatricial contraction following 
caries or necrosis, coxitic s., scoliosis in the 
lumbar region caused by hip disease, empye- 
matic s., that which is caused by empyema. 
X habit-S., scoliosis due to improper position of the 
body, inflammatory s., that which is due to 
vertebral disease, ischiatic s., that which is 
due to hip disease, myopathic S., that which is 
due to paralysis of the muscles that support the 
trunk, ocular s., ophthalmic s., scoliosis 
attributed to tilting of the head on account of as- 
tigmatism. osteopathic s., that which is 
caused by disease of the vertebrae, paralytic S., 
lateral curvature of the spinal column, rachitic 
s., spinal curvature due to rickets, rheumatic 
S., that which is due to rheumatism of the dorsal 
muscles, sciatic s., curvation of the spinal 
column toward the affected side in sciatica, stat- 
ic s., that which is due to difference in the length 
of the legs. 
scoliosometer (sko-le-o-som'et-er). Scoliosiometer. 
scoliotic (sko-le-ot'ik). Affected with or pertaining 
to scoliosis. 
scoliotone (sko'le-o-ton). An apparatus for the 
forcible correction of scoliosis. 
scolopsia (sko-lop'se-ah) [Gr. aKoXoyp a pointed 
thing]. A suture between two bones that allows 
motion upon each other. 
scombrin (skom'brin). A protamin found in mack- 
erel sperm. 
scoop (skoop). A spoon-like instrument for clear- 
ing out cavities. Mules' s., a form of curet 
used in eye operations. 
scoparin (sko-pa'rin). A yellowish, crystalline 
principle, C2oH20010, from the tops of Cyt'isus 
scopa'rius: diuretic. Hypodermic dose, j-i gr. 
(o.033-0.066 gm.). 
scoparius (sko-pa're-us). The tops of Cyt'isus 
scopa'rius, or broom, a leguminous shrub. . They 
contain the alkaloid spartein and the principle 
scoparin. They are diuretic, purgative, . and 
emetic, and are used in dropsy. Dose of fluidex- 
SCOLECIASIS 
981 
tract, |-i fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.); of decoction, 1-2 fl.oz. 
(30-60 c.c.). 
SCOpola (sko-po'lah). The dried rhizome and larger 
roots of Scopo'lia carniol'ica. It contains the same 
constituents as At'ropa belladon' na, and is used like 
belladonna as a sedative and narcotic. Dose, 5 gr. 
(0.324 gm.). 
SCOpolamin (sko-pol-am'in). A mydriatic alkaloid, 
C17H21NO4 + H2O, from the root of Scopo'lia atro- 
poi'des, At'ropa belladon'na, and other solanaceoUs 
plants. Dose of hydrochlorate, gr. (0.00025 
o.oon gm.), s. hydrobromid, a crystalline 
sedative and mydriatic, C17H21O4N.HBr.3H2O, 
similar in action to atropin, but not producing 
dryness of the throat and other disagreeable 
symptoms. Subcutaneous dose, 
(0.00025-0.0011 gm.). It is used locally in 0.1-0.2 
per cent, solution, s. hydrochlorid, C17H21O4- 
N.HCI.2H2O. S. stable, scopornannit. 
SCopolein (sko-po'le-in). A crystalline alkaloid, 
C17H21NO4, from plants of the genera Scopo'lia, 
Duboi'sia, and At'ropa: a strong mydriatic and 
sedative. 
Scopolia (sko-po'le-ah) [after J. A. Scopoli]. A 
genus of solanaceous plants. 5. atropoi'des 
(carniolica), of Europe, and S. japon'ica and S. 
lu'rida, of Asia, have properties like those of 
hyoscyamus and belladonna. Dose of fluidextract 
of the rhizome, 1-3 min. (0.06-0.2 c.c.). 
SCOpolin (sko'po-lin). An alkaloid or glucosid, 
C8H13NO2, obtainable from scopolamin; narcotic, 
scopornannit (sko-po-man'it). A proprietary 
aqueous solution of scopolamin hydrobromid con- 
taining 10 per cent, of mannite. 
scopomorphin (sko-po-mor'fin). A proprietary 
combination of scopolamin bromid and morphin 
chlorid. 
scopomorphinism (sko-po-mor'fin-izm). Addic- 
tion to the use of scopolamin and morphin. 
scopophobia (sko-po-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aKOTreiv to view 
+ <pb0os fear]. A morbid dread of being seen. 
scoracratia (skor-ak-ra'she-ah) [Gr. ok&p dung + 
aKparla. lack of control]. The involuntary dis- 
charge of feces. 
scorbutic (skor-bu'tik) [L. scorbu'ticus]. Per- 
taining to or affected with scurvy. 
scorbutus (skor-bu'tus). Latin for scurvy. 
scordinemia (skor-din-e'me-ah) [Gr. for "yawn- 
ing"]. Yawning and stretching with a feeling of 
lassitude, occurring as a preliminary symptom of 
some infectious disease. 
scoretemia, scoretaemia (skor-et-e'me-ah) [Gr. 
aKwp dung 4- al pa blood]. Autointoxication 
due to the absorption of putrescent fecal material 
from the intestine. 
SCOtodinia (sko-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. a kotos darkness 
+ whirl]. Dizziness with obscurity of vision 
and headache. 
scotogram, scotograph (sko'to-gram, sko'to-graf) 
[Gr. a kotos darkness 4- ypatpeiv to write]. 1. Same 
as skiagraph. 2. The effect produced upon a 
photographic plate in the dark by certain sub- 
stances. 
scotographic (sko-to-graf'ik). Affecting a photo- 
graphic plate in the dark. 
scotography (sko-tog'raf-e). Same as skiagraphy. 
scotoma (sko-to'mah), pl. scoto'mata [Gr. a kotw pa]. 
1. A blind or partially blind area in the visual 
field. 2. An appearance as of dark, vanishing, 
cloudy patches before the eyes, absolute s., 
an area in the visual field as to which the eye is 
absolutely blind, annular s., a scotomatous 
zone which surrounds the center of the visual 
field. Called also ring-s. s. au'ris, loss of power 
to hear sounds which come from a certain direction, 
central s., blindness limited to a part of the visual 
field corresponding to the macula lutea. color- 
s., color-blindness as to a part of the visual field. 
SCOTOMA flimmer s., a kind in which the glimmering 
begins in the center of vision and spreads outward, 
flittering s., a variety with serrate margins, and 
usually producing an extensive defect of vision. 
Same as teichopsia. insular s., a scotoma oc- 
curring as a spot completely surrounded by the 
visible portion of the field, negative s., one 
due to lesion of the retina and not perceptible to 
the patient, paracentral s., a scotoma the edge 
of which passes through the fixation-point, peri- 
papillary s., enlargement of the blind spot, pe- 
ripheral S., a spot of absent vision anywhere in 
the visual field outside the point of fixation, 
physiologic s., the blind-spot. positive 
S., one which is seen by the patient as a dark 
spot, relative s., scotoma in which perception 
of objects is impaired, but not destroyed, ring-s. 
See annular s. scintillating s., the sudden 
appearance before the eyes of a luminous cloud 
having a zigzag outline, whence it is called forti- 
fication spectrum. See teichopsia. It often fore- 
runs an attack of migraine. 
scotomagraph (sko-to'mah-graf) [scotoma fl- Gr. 
ypa.<peiv to write]. An instrument for recording 
a scotoma. 
scotomatous (sko-tom'at-us). Pertaining to or 
affected with scotoma. 
scotometer (sko-tom'et-er) [scotoma + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for diagnosticating 
and measuring scotomata. 
SCO tome try (sko-tom'et-re). The measurement and 
recording of scotomata by the scotometer. 
scotophobia (sko-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. aKoros darkness 
+ (pb^os fear]. Morbid fear of darkness. 
scotoscopy (sko-tos'ko-pe) [Gr. okotos darkness 
+ aKoireiv to view]. Same as skiascopy. 
SCOtotherapy (sko-to-theFap-e) [Gr. aKoros dark- 
ness + GepaireLa treatment]. Treatment of dis- 
ease by the complete exclusion of light-rays. 
scours, white. A diarrhea affecting calves during- 
the first few days after birth; a form of septice- 
mia from infection through the umbilical cord. 
Scr., scr. Abbreviation for scruple. 
scratches (skratsh'ez). Eczematous inflammation 
of the feet of a horse. 
screatus (skre-a'tus) [LJ. Paroxysmal hawking 
and snorting, due to neurosis. 
screen, fluorescent (skren). A plate in the 
fluoroscope coated with crystals of calcium tung- 
state. 
screw-worm. See Compsomyia macellaria. 
scriveners' palsy (skriv'nerz). Writers' cramp, 
scrobiculate (skro-bik'u-lat) [L. scrobicula'tus]. 
Marked with pits or cavities. 
scrobiculus (skro-bik'u-lus) [L. " little trench " or 
" pit "]. A small hollow, pit, or cavity. S. 
cor'dis [L. " pit of the heart "], the anterior de- 
pression called the pit of the stomach; the pre- 
cordial depression. 
scrofula (skrof'u-Iah) [L. " sow pig "]. Tubercu- 
losis of the lymphatic glands, and sometimes of 
bones and joint surfaces, with slowly suppurating 
abscesses and fistulous passages, the inflamed 
structures being subject to a cheesy degeneration. 
It is essentially a disease of early life. 
scrofulid, scrofulide (skrof'u-lid, -lid) [Fr. scrof- 
ulide]. Same as scroftdoderm. 
scrofuloderm (skrof'u-lo-derm) [scrofula + Gr. 
beppa skin]. Any skin affection of tuberculous 
origin, and marked by irregular superficial ulcers, 
papular s. Same as lichen scrofulosorum. 
pustular S., a form in which large or small, slug- 
gish pustules of the skin are formed, which, after 
ulcerating, leave depressed scars, tuberculous 
S., granuloma: a subcutaneous nodule which 
degenerates slowly and leads to an indolent fistu- 
lous ulcer, ulcerative s., a tuberculous scrofulo- 
derm in its ulcerating stage, verrucous s., 
SCOTOMAGRAPH 
982 
SCUTE 
tuberculous lupus characterized by necrogenic 
or other warty growths. 
scrofuloderma (skrof-u-lo-der'mah). See scrof- 
ula derm. 
scrofulophyma (skrof"u-lo-fi'mah) [scrofula + 
Gr. <pbpa growth], A tuberculous growth of the 
skin. 
scrofulosis (skrof-u-lo'sis). A tendency toward 
scrofula; the scrofulous diathesis. 
scrofulotuberculosis (skrof"u-lo-tu-ber-ku-lo'- 
sis). Same as attenuated tuberculosis. See tuber- 
culosis. 
scrofulotuberculous (skrof"u-lo-tu-ber'ku-lus). 
Characterized by scrofulous tubercle. 
scrofulous (skrof'u-lus). Affected with or of the 
nature of scrofula. 
scroll-bone (skrol'bon). Either of the turbin- 
ated bones. 
scroll-ear (skrol'er). An ear in which the pinna is 
rolled up. 
Scrophularia nodo'sa (skrof-u-la're-ah). The 
Scrophula' ria marilan'dica, a North American 
variety of 5. nodo'sa, is deobstruent, anodyne, 
and diuretic. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. 
(2-4 c.c.). 
scrotal (skro'tal). Pertaining to the scrotum. 
scrotectomy(skro-tek'to-me) [scrotum -J- Gr. eKropr) 
excision]. Excision of a portion of the scrotum. 
scrotitis (skro-ti'tis). Inflammation of the scro- 
tum. 
scrotocele (skro'to-sel) [scrotum + Gr. K-qX-q hernia]. 
Scrotal hernia. 
scrotum (skro'tum) [L. " bag "]. The pouch which 
contains the testicles and their accessory organs. 
It is composed of skin, the dartos, the spermatic, 
cremasteric, and infundibuliform fasciae, and the 
tunica vaginalis, s. lapillo'sum, calcareous 
atheroma of the scrotum, lymph-s., dilatation 
of the scrotal lymphatics, as in certain cases of 
filariasis; described by Wong, of Canton, in 1858. 
scrum-pox (skrum'poks). An acne-like skin disease 
in foot-ball players in England. 
scruple (skru'pl) [L. scru'pulus]. Twenty grains, 
apothecaries' weight; symbol, 3. See -weights 
and measures, table of. 
scrupulosity (skru-pu-los'it-e). Morbid sensi- 
tiveness in matters of conscience. 
sculcopine (skubko-pin). A proprietary astringent 
preparation of skullcap and hydrastis. 
scultetus (skul-te'tus) [after Johann Scullet, German 
surgeon, 1595-1645]. Same as scultetus bandage. 
See under bandage. 
scurf (skurf). Dandruff; a branny substance of 
epidermic origin. 
scurvy (skur've) [L. scorbu'tus]. A nutritional dis- 
ease, due to dietetic errors, and marked by weak- 
ness, anemia, spongy gums, a tendency to muco- 
cutaneous hemorrhages and a brawny induration 
of the muscles of the calves and legs. It oftenest 
affects mariners and those who use salted meats 
and few or no vegetables. The use of fresh potatoes, 
scurvy-grass, and onions as food, and especially 
the drinking of lime-juice, are preventive and 
remedial measures. Alpine s., s. of the Alps. 
Same as pellagra, button s., a skin disease, 
formerly endemic in Ireland, characterized by 
button-like excrescences. S.-grass, a cruciferous 
plant, Cochlea'ria officina'lis, a remedy for scurvy: 
used in infusion or taken raw or cooked as a food 
or salad, infantile S., a nutritional disease of 
infants characterized by the same symptoms as 
scurvy in adults. Called also Barlow's disease, 
Moller's disease, and Cheadle's disease, land-s. 
Same as purpura hamorrhagica. s.-rickets, in- 
fantile scurvy associated with rickets, sea-s., 
the true scurvy, such as mainly affects mariners. 
scute tskut) [L. scu'tum shield]. Any squama or 
scale-like structure; especially the bony plate SCUTELLARIA 
983 
SECRETA 
which divides the upper part of the tympanic 
cavity from the mastoid cells, tympanic s., 
a thin plate of bone between the attic of the tym- 
panum and the mastoid cells. 
Scutellaria (sku-tel-a're-ah). A genus of labiate 
herbs, called skullcap. S. lateriflo'ra, a plant 
of North America, is nervine, antispasmodic, and 
tonic, and is used in malarial fever and epilepsy. 
Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of extract, 
4-15 gr. (0.26-1 gm.). 
scuteliarin (sku-tel-a'rin). A crystalline princi- 
ple, C10H8O3, found in Scutellaria and other 
labiate plants. Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.066-0.26 gm.). 
scutiform (sku'tif-orm) [L. scu'tum shield + fo/ma 
form]. Shaped like a shield. 
scutular (sku'tu-lar). Marked by scutula, or 
small, shield-shaped crusts. 
scutulum (sku'tu-lum), pl. scu'tula [LJ. Any one 
of the disk-like crusts of favus. 
scutum (sku'tum) [L. " shield "]. 1. The scute, 
or roof of the attic. 2. The thyroid cartilage. 
3. The patella. 4. A hard chitious plate on the 
anterior portion of the dorsal surface of the Ixodidae 
or true ticks, s. pec'toris, the sternum. 
scybala (sib'al-ah). Plural of scybalum. 
scybalous (sib'al-us). Of the nature of or com- 
posed of scybala. 
scybalum (sib'al-um), pl. scy'bala [Gr. <rKv0a\ov]. 
A dry, hard mass of fecal matter in the intestine.. 
scyllite (sil'it) [Gr. aKvXXos a young dog]. A hexose 
from the liver and kidneys of sharks, skates, etc. 
scymnol (sim'nol). A substance allied to cholic 
acid found in the bile of Scym'nus borea'lis, a marine 
fish of the shark family. 
scyphoid (si'foid) [Gr. crKwpos cup + elbos form]. 
Shaped like a cup. 
scythropasmus (si-thro-paz'mus) [Gr. aKvOpcoiraa- 
pos; <rKV0p&.^e<.v to look sullen], A dull, fatigued 
expression, regarded as a grave symptom in 
serious disease. 
scytitis (si-ti'tis) [Gr. aKvros skin]. Same as der- 
matitis. 
scytoblastema (si"to-blas-te'mah) [Gr. a kotos skin 
+ 0\aaTi)p.a sprout]. The rudimentary skin of 
the embryo. 
Scytonema (si-to-ne'mah) [Gr. awros skin + 
vripa thread]. A genus of schizomycetes with 
cylindric phycochromous filaments. 
S. D. A. Right sacro-anterior position of the fetus. 
S. D. P. Right sacroposterior position of the fetus. 
Se. The chemical symbol of selenium. 
seamstresses' cramp. See cramp. 
searcher (sur'cher). A sound used in searching 
for stone in the bladder. 
seasickness (se'sik-nes). Nausea and malaise 
caused by the motion of a ship at sea. 
sea-tangle (se'tang-1). See Laminaria. 
seat-worm (set'werm). Same as Oxyuris. 
sebaceous (se-ba'shus) [L. seba'ceus}. 1. Pertain- 
ing to sebum or suet. 2. Secreting a greasy 
lubricating substance. 
sebadilla (seb-ad-il'ah). See sabadilla. 
sebastomania (se"bas-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. aedaarbs 
reverend + pavla madness]. Religious insanity. 
sebiagogic (seb-e-ag-oj'ik) [L. se'bum + Gr. aywybs 
leading]. Producing fatty or sebaceous matter. 
sebiferous (se-bif'er-us) [L. sebip'erus, from se'bum 
suet + je/re to bear]. Same as sebiparous. 
sebiparous (se-bip'ar-us) [L. sebip'arus; se'bum 
suet + pa/ere to produce]. Producing a fatty 
secretion. 
sebirol (seb'ir-ol). A proprietary vermifuge based 
upon the active principle of the plant Ri'bes em- 
be'lia. 
sebolite, sebolith (seb'o-lit, seb'o-lith) [sebum + 
Gr. XtOos stone]. A concretion formed in a 
sebaceous gland. 
seborrhagia (seb-or-a'je-ah). Same as seborrhea. 
seborrhea, seborrhoea (seb-or-e'ah) [L. se'bum 
suet + Gr. pola flow], A chronic disease of the 
sebaceous glands marked by the occurrence of 
an excessive' discharge of sebum from the glands, 
forming white or yellowish, greasy scales on the 
body. It is generally attended with itching or 
burning, s. adipo'sa, that in which the secre- 
tion is oily, especially occurring about the nose 
and forehead. Called also s. oleo'sa. s. capil- 
lit'ii, s. cap'it is, seborrhea of the scalp, s. 
ce'rea, seborrhea with a waxy secretion, con- 
crete s., greasy crusts of the scalp or of the 
smooth parts, s. conge sti'va. Same as lupus 
erythematosus, s. cor'poris, a form affecting 
the trunk; lichen circinatus. eczematoid s., 
that associated with inflammation of the scalp, 
s. facie'i, a form which affects the face: it may 
■ follow small-pox or any of the exanthematous 
fevers, s. furfura'cea, a scaly, dandruffy form 
of seborrhoea sicca, s. genera'lis, that which 
affects the entire surface, s. ni'gra, s. nig'ri- 
cans, a variety which is characterized by a dark- 
colored secretion, s. oleo'sa, that in which the 
discharge is oily. See s. adiposa. s. sic'ca, a 
common form of seborrhea characterized by the 
formation of brownish-gray scales or scabs. S. 
squa'mo neonato'rum, ichthyosis sebacea. 
seborrheal (seb-or-e'al). Characterized by sebor- 
rhea. 
seborrheic (seb-or-e'ik). Affected with or of the 
nature of seborrhea. 
seborrheid, seborrheide (seb-or-e'id). A seb- 
orrheic eruption. 
seborrhoic (seb-o-ro'ik). Seborrheic. 
sebum (se'bum). i. Latin for suet, or sevum. 2. 
The secretion of the sebaceous glands; a thick, 
semifluid substance composed of fat and epithe- 
lial debris from the cells of the malpighian layer. 
It is changed into the follicles of the hair and 
lanugo, s. cuta'neum [B N A], the fatty secre- 
tion of the skin. s. palpebra'le [BNA], the 
secretion of the meibomian glands. S. prse- 
putia'le [BN A], smegma. 
secacornin (se-kak-or'nin). A proprietary prepa- 
ration of the active principles of ergot. Dose, 
8-15 min. (0.5-1 c.c.). 
Secale (se-ka'le) [L. " rye "]. A genus of grami- 
naceous plants. S. cerea'le produces rye, a cereal 
grain. S. cornu'turn, the ergot of rye. See ergot. 
secalin (sek'al-in). One of the active principles 
of ergot: said to be identical with trimethylamin, 
N(CH3)3. . 
secalintoxin (sek"al-in-toks'in). A principle ob- 
tainable from ergot. It is a compound of secalin 
with ergochrysin. It is less active than chryso- 
toxin, and is probably identical with cornutin. 
secalose (sek'al-6z). A carbohydrate obtainable 
from rye: when dried, it forms a white, hygro- 
scopic powder, convertible by inversion into 
levulose. 
secernent (se-ser'nent) [L. sece/nens secreting]. 
1. Secreting. 2. Any secreting organ or surface. 
Sechenoff's center. See Setschenow's center, under 
center. 
seclusion of the pupil (se-klu'zhun) [L. seclu'sio 
pupil'Ice}. Same as annular posterior synechia. 
See under synechia. 
secodont (se'ko-dont) [L. seca're to cut + Gr. 
boobs tooth]. Having teeth in which the tuber- 
cles of the molars are provided with cutting edges. 
second intention (sek'und). See healing and in- 
tention. s. nerve, the optic nerve. 
secondary (sek'un-da-re) [L. secunda'rius; secun'- 
dus second]. Second or inferior in order of time, 
place, or importance. 
secreta (se-kre'tah) [L. pl.]. The secretions. Secretagogue (se-kret'ag-og) [secretion + Gr. 
byoybs drawing], A substance which acts as a 
stimulant to the secretion of glands. 
secrete (se'kret) [L. secer'nere, secre'tum to sep- 
arate]. To separate or elaborate from the blood. 
secretin (se-kre'tin). 1. A substance secreted by 
the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum. It is 
carried by the blood to the pancreas, in which 
organ it stimulates the secretion of pancreatic 
juice. 2. A general name for any hormone which 
stimulates glandular secretion, gastric s., gas- 
trin. 
secretion (se-kre'shun) [L. secre'tio, from secer'- 
nere to secrete]. 1. The process or function of 
separating various substances from the blood. 2. 
Any secreted substance, antilytic s., saliva 
secreted by the submaxillary gland with nerves 
intact, as distinguished from that secreted when 
the nerve is divided, external s., one that is 
discharged upon the external or internal sur- 
face of the body, internal s., a secretion that 
is not discharged by a duct from the body, but is 
given off into the blood and lymph, taking an 
important part in metabolism. Such secretions 
are furnished by the thyroid, the spleen, the adre- 
nals, the testicles, the pituitary body, etc. See 
endocrine, paralytic s., secretion from a gland 
after paralysis or division of its nerve. 
secretodermatosis (se-kre"to-der-mat-o'sis). Any 
derangement of the secreting functions of the 
skin. 
Secretogogue (se-kre'to-gog) [secretion + Gr. 
ayoybs leading]. Stimulating glandular secretion; 
also a substance that stimulates secretion. 
secreto-inhibitory (se-kre"to-in-hib'it-o-re). Pro- 
ducing decreased secretion. 
secretomotor, secretomotory (se-kre-to-mo'tor, 
se-kre-to-mo'to-re). Exciting or stimulating secre- 
tion: said of nerves. 
secretory (se-kre'to-re). Pertaining to secretion 
or affecting the secretions. 
sectile (sek'til) [L. secti'lis, from seca're to cut]. 
Susceptible of being cut. 
sectio (sek'she-o) [L. seca're to cut]. Latin for 
section, s. agrippi'na. See section, cesarean. 
s. al'ta, suprapubic cystotomy, s. cadav'eris, 
a postmortem examination; an autopsy, s. lat- 
eralis, lateral lithotomy, s. media'na, median 
lithotomy. 
Section (sek'shun) [L. sec'tio}. 1. An act of cutting, 
2. A cut surface. 3. A segment; also any subdi- 
vision of an organ, abdominal s., laparotomy. 
Cesarean S., the operation of delivering a fetus 
by incision through the abdominal wall and 
uterus. It is done when delivery by the natural 
passages is impossible or dangerous. When per- 
formed after death of the mother, it is called post- 
mortem cesarean s. frontal S., a cut made 
through the body or a part of the body trans- 
versely from right to left. perineal s., external 
urethrotomy. Pitres' s's, a series of six trans- 
verse sections made through the brain, as follows: 
1. Prefrontal s., through the prefrontal lobe. 2. 
Pediculofrontal s., two centimeters in front of the 
fissure of Rolando. 3. Frontal s., at the level of the 
ascending frontal convolution. 4. Parietal s., 
through the ascending parietal convolution. 5. 
Pediculoparietal s., three centimeters behind the 
fissure of Rolando. _ 6. Occipital s., through the 
middle of the occipital lobe. Saemisch's s., 
a surgical operation for the relief of corneal com- 
plications. sagittal s., a cut in a dorsoventral 
or anteroposterior direction through the body or a 
part of it. serial s., histologic section made in a 
consecutive order and so arranged for the pur- 
pose of microscopic examination, sigaultian s., 
symphysiotomy, s.-smoother, a mechanism for 
preventing the section made for microscopic study 
from curling up. vaginal s., incision through the 
vaginal wall into the abdominal cavity. 
SECRETAGOGUE 
984 
sector (sek'tor) [L. " cutter"]. The area of a circle 
included between an arc and the radii bounding it. 
sectorial (sek-to're-al) [L. sec'lor, cutter]. Cutting, 
secundse vise (se-kun'de vi'e) [L. "second way"]. 
The lacteals and blood-vessels. 
secundigravida (se-kun"dig-rav'id-ah) [L. secun'- 
dus second + grav'ida pregnant]. A woman preg- 
nant for the second time. 
secundina cerebri (se-kun-di'nah ser'e-bri). The 
pia-arachnoid. s. oc'uli, the middle coat of the 
choroid, s. u'teri, the chorion. 
secundinae (se-kun-di'ne). Same as secundines. 
secundines (se-kun'dinz) [L. secundi'na]. The 
after-birth; the placenta and membranes ex- 
pelled after childbirth. 
secundipara (se-kun-dip'ah-rah) [L. secun'dus 
second + par'ere to produce]. A woman who has 
borne two children. 
secundiparity (se-kun-dip-ar'it-e). The condi- 
tion of being a secundipara. 
secundiparous (se-kun-dip'ah-rus). Having borne 
a second child. 
secundum artem (se-kun'dum ar'tem) [L.]. In 
an approved or professional manner. 
Sed. Abbreviation for L. se'des, stool. 
sedatin (sed'at-in). Same as valeridin. 
sedation (se-da'shun) [L. seda'tio]. The produc- 
tion of a sedative effect; the act or process of 
calming. 
sedative (sed'at-iv) [L. sedati'vus}. i. Allaying 
activity and excitement. 2. A remedy that allays 
excitement. Battley's s., extract of opium, 360 
gr., boiling water, 7 fl.oz., alcohol, | fl.oz., and cold 
water, to make 10 fl.oz. Dose, 5 min. (0.3 c.c.). 
cardiac s., a drug that abates the force of the 
heart's action, such as aconite, antimony, chloral, 
chloroform, conium, the nitrites, tobacco, etc. 
cerebral s., one which principally affects the 
brain. To this class belong cannabis, camphor, 
the bromids, hyoscin, and the hypnotic and revul- 
sive agents, gastric s., one which soothes or 
lessens irritability of the stomach, such as bismuth 
salts, cerium oxalate, cocain, hydrocyanic acid, 
silver nitrate, general s., one which affects all 
the organs and functions. These are alcohol, bro- 
mids, camphor, chloroform, ether, hydrocyanic 
acid,, the hypnotics, opium, warm baths, etc. 
genital S., any anaphrodisiac agent, like the 
bromids, camphor, or hops, intestinal s., one 
which diminishes intestinal irritation: in general, 
they are also gastric sedatives, nerve-trunk s., 
one which acts upon the trunks of the nerves, like 
antipyrin, aconite, cocain, cannabis, conium, and 
curare, nervous s., a sedative which acts upon 
and through the nervous system. The cerebral, 
spinal, and nerve-trunk sedatives belong to this 
class, respiratory s., one which affects especi- 
ally the respiratory centers and organs. Among 
them are chloral, chloroform, conium, curare, 
hydrocyanic acid, gelsemium, and opium, spinal 
S., any drug which abates the functional or ab- 
normal activity of the spinal cord. The principal 
drugs of this class are bromids, calabar bean, the 
nitrites, gelsemium, and chloral, vascular s., 
one which affects the vasomotor activities. In 
general, they are the drugs named above as car- 
diac sedatives. 
sedatol (sed'at-ol). A proprietary preparation of 
heroin for respiratory diseases. 
sedentary (sed'en-ta-re) [L. sedenta'rius]. 1. Sit- 
ting habitually; of inactive habits. 2. Pertaining 
to a sitting posture. 
Sedillot's operation (sa-de-yoz') [C. E. Sedillot, 
French surgeon, 1804-1883]. See under operation. 
sediment (sed'im-ent) [L. sedimen'tum]. A pre- 
cipitate, especially one that is formed sponta- 
neously. urinary s., the deposit of solid matter 
left after the urine has been allowed to stand for 
some time. See urine. 
SEDIMENT sedimentation (sed"im-en-ta'shun). The act of 
causing the deposit of sediment, especially by the 
use of a centrifugal machine. 
sedimentator (sed-im-en-ta'tor). A centrifugal 
machine for separating sediments from the urine. 
sedinha (sa-den'yah) [Portuguese]. A homeo- 
pathic preparation of a Brazilian herb. 
sedobrol (se'do-brol). A proprietary preparation of 
sodium bromid combined with bouillon in the form 
of tablets: used in epilepsy. 
sedol (se'dol). A proprietary analgesic, antispas- 
modic, and sedative containing morphin hydro- 
chlorid, scopolamin hydrobromid, and spartein sul- 
phate. 
sedox (se'doks). A proprietary wound-dressing. 
seed (sed). See semen. 
seedy toe. See under toe. 
seehear (se'her). A device by which the motions 
and sounds of the heart are rendered audible and 
visible. 
Seeligmiiller's sign (za'lik-me-Ierz) [Otto Ludov- 
icus G. A. Seeligmuller, German neurologist, 1837- 
1912]. See sign. 
seepage (se'paj). 1. Oozing of fluid; percolation: 
also the quantity of fluid that percolates. 2. Con- 
tinuous rectal infusion. 
segment (seg'ment) [L. segmen'tum]. A piece cut 
off or marked off, either actually or by an imagi- 
nary line, ceratobranchial s. See stylohyoid 
arch, under arch, cranial s., the three segments 
into which the bones of the cranium may be divided. 
They are distinguished as the occipital, the parietal, 
and the frontal, epibranchial s. See stylo- 
hyoid arch, under arch, hypobranchial S. See 
stylohyoid arch, under arch, interannular s., 
the portion of a nerve-fiber between two consecu- 
tive nodes of Ranvier. See nerve, medullary 
s., divisions of the medullary sheath of a nerve- 
fiber between two successive incisions of Schmidt, 
mesodermal s. See somite, neural s., a 
neuromere. occipital S., the posterior of the 
three cranial segments. See cranial s. phar- 
yngobranchia' s. See stylohyoid arch, under 
arch, primitive 3. See somite, pubic s. 
of the pelvis, that portion of the floor of the 
pelvis which is between the symphysis pubis 
and the anterior wall of the vagina, which latter 
it includes. Ranvier's s's, the portions of 
the medullary substance of a nerve-fiber be- 
tween Ranvier's nodes, rivinian s., an irreg- 
ular notch at the upper border of the tympanic 
sulcus, rod-s., the two segments which make up 
one of the rods of the retina. The outer rod-s. is 
the portion presenting a uniform diameter, while 
the inner rod-s. has a slightly increased diameter, 
sacral s., that portion of the floor of the pelvis 
which lies between the sacrum and the posterior 
vaginal wall. Schmidt-Lantermann's s's, 
elongated pieces which seem to compose the me- 
dullary substance of nerve-fibers: seen after treat- 
ment of the fibers with osmic acid, spinal s., a 
portion of the spinal cord contained between two 
imaginary sections, one on each side of a nerve 
pair. 
segmental (seg-men'tal). Pertaining to or form- 
ing a segment; undergoing segmentation. 
segmentation (seg-men-ta'shun). Division into 
parts more or less similar, especially that which 
takes place in the fertilized ovum. s.-cavity. 
See cavity, centrolecithal s., segmentation in 
which a central mass of nutritive yolk is sur- 
rounded by the segmentation spheres, com- 
plete s. See total s. haustral s. See haustral 
churning, holoblastic s. See total s. in- 
complete s. See partial s. meroblastic s. 
See partial s. s.-nucleus. See nucleus, partial 
S., a variety in which the formative yolk alone un- 
dergoes segmentation. Called also incomplete s. and 
meroblastic s. s.-sphere. See sphere. totals., 
a variety in which the entire ovum undergoes seg- 
SEDIMENTATION 
985 
mentation. Called also holoblastic s. and complete 
s. unequal s., a variety in which the spheres 
of one pole are smaller and more numerous than 
those of the opposite pole. 
segregation (seg-re-ga'shun). In genetics the 
separation of the two genes of a pair in the process 
of maturation so that only one goes to each germ 
cell. Also the result in the offspring of this separa- 
tion. 
segregator (seg're-ga-tor). An instrument for se- 
curing the urine from each kidney separately. 
Harris' s., an instrument for collecting the urine 
from each kidney separately. Luys's., an instru- 
ment for collecting the urine from each kidney 
separately. 
Seguin's symptom (sa-ganz') [Edouard Seguin, 
French alienist, 1812-1880]. See under symptom. 
Seidelin bodies (si'de-lin) [Harold Seidelin, con- 
temporary British physician]. See under body. 
Seidlitz powder (sid'litz). [Named from a min- 
eral spring in Bohemia]. See powder. 
Seignette's salt (sm-yets') [Pierre Seignette, apoth- 
ecary in Rochelle, 1660-1719]. Rochelle salt. 
seisesthesia (sis-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. aetais concus- 
sion + aurfhqcris perception]. The perception of 
concussion; a sensation of concussion. 
seismesthesia, seismeesthesia (sls-mes-the'zhe- 
ah) [Gr. aetapos shake + alaQqacs sensation]. 
Tactile perception of vibrations in a liquid or aerial 
medium. 
seismotherapy (siz-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. veurpbs 
shake + therapy]. The treatment of disease by 
mechanic vibration. 
seizure (se'zhur). The sudden attack or recurrence 
of a disease, psychic s., psycholepsy. 
sejunction (se-junk'shun). An interruption of the 
continuity of association-complexes which leads 
to a breaking up of the personality. 
sekretin (se-kre'tin). Secretin prepared from the 
duodenum of the pig: used in diabetes. 
selacean (se-la'se-an). One of a class of vertebrates- 
which includes the sharks and rays. 
selenin (sel'e-nin). A serum obtained from cul- 
tures of Diplococ'cus semiluna'ris. 
seleniol (se-le'ne-ol). A colloidal preparation of 
selenium recommended for the treatment of cancer. 
seleniovanadium (se-le"ne-o-va-na'de-um). A 
proprietary selenium preparation recommended for 
the treatment of cancer. 
selenium (se-le'ne-um) [Gr. aeXqvq moon]. 1. A 
non-metallic element resembling sulphur; symbol, 
Se; atomic weight, 79.2. Compounds of selenium 
have been used in the experimental treatment of 
tumors in rats. 2. A homeopathic trituration of 
the same. 
selenodont (se-le'no-dont) [Gr. veX-qv-q moon + 
63ovs tooth]. Having teeth with crescentic ridges,, 
as in the molars of man. 
selenoplegia, selenoplexia (se-le-no-ple'je-ah, 
-plek'se-ah) [Gr. veXqvq moon + icXq^cs stroke], 
A diseased condition once believed to be due to 
the influence of the moon's rays. 
self-abuse (self"ab-us'). Same as masturbation. 
self-digestion (self"di-jes'chun). Same as auto- 
digestion. 
self-fermentation (self-fer-men-ta'shun). See 
autolysis. 
self-hypnosis (self-hip-no'sis). Hypnosis by auto- 
suggestion. 
self-infection (self"in-fek'shun). See auto-infec- 
tion. 
self-limited (self-lim'it-ed). Limited by its own 
peculiarities, and not by outside influence: said of 
a disease that runs a definite limited course. 
self-pollution (self-pol-u'shun). Masturbation. 
self-suspension (self"sus-pen'shun). The sus- 
pension of the body by the head and axillae (axillo- 
SELF-SUSPENSION SELLA TURCICA 
cephalic s.) or by the head (cephalic s.) for the pur- 
pose of stretching the vertebral column. 
sella turcica (sel'ah tur'sik-ah) [L. for " Turkish 
saddle"]. The pituitary fossa. 
sellanders (sel'an-derz). Same as mallanders. 
sellar (sel'ar). Pertaining to the sella turcica. 
Selters water, seltzer water (sel'ters, selts'er) 
See water. 
Sem. Abbreviation for L. se'men, seed. 
semeiography (sem-i-og'ra-fe) [Gr. oniJ-elov sign + 
ypapr] writing]. A description of the signs or 
symptoms of disease. 
semeiology (sem-i-ol'o-je) [Gr. arjpeiov sign +X6yos 
treatise]. Symptomatology. 
semeiotic (sem-i-ot'ik) [Gr. aripeiwriKos]. 1. Per- 
taining to the signs or symptoms of disease. 2. 
Pathognomonic. 
semeiotics (sem-i-ot'iks). Same as symptomatology. 
semelincident (sem-el-in'sid-ent) [L. se'mel once 
+ in'cidens falling upon]. Attacking a person 
only once. 
semen (se'men), gen. sem'inis [L. for "seed"]. 1. 
Any seed or seed-like fruit. 2. The thick, whitish, 
liquid, fecundating secretion produced by the 
testes and ejaculated in coition. It is composed of 
liquor seminis (a clear, limpid fluid), holding in 
suspension the spermatozoa, seminal and other 
granules, epithelial cells, and oil-globules, s. 
con'tra. Same as santonica. 
semenuria (se-men-u're-ah) [semen + Gr. ovpov 
urine]. The presence of semen in the urine. 
semi- [L. se'mis half]. A prefix signifying half, or 
one-half. 
semicanal (sem''e-kan-al'). A trench or furrow 
open at one side. 
semicana'lis tenso'ris tym'pani. The canal in 
the temporal bone for the tensor tympani muscle, 
s. tu'bae auditi'vae, the canal in the temporal 
bone for the eustachian tube. 
semicartilaginous (sem"e-kar-til-aj'in-us). Partly 
cartilaginous. 
semicircular canal (sem-e-sir'ku-Iar). See canal 
and ear. 
semicoma (sem-e-ko'mah). A mild coma from 
which the patient may be aroused. 
semicomatose (sem-e-ko'mat-bs). In a condition 
of semicoma. 
semicretin (sem-e-kre'tin). A person affected with 
a modified or incomplete form of cretinism. 
semicretinism (sem-e-kre'tin-izm). A relatively 
mild form of cretinism; partial cretinism with 
ability to appreciate the bodily wants and some 
knowledge and use of language. 
semicrista (sem-e-kris'tah). A small or rudimen- 
tary crest, s. incisi'va, the nasal crest. 
Semid. Abbreviation for L. semidrach'ma, half a 
dram. 
semidecussation (sem"e-de-kus-a'shun). 1. An 
incomplete crossing of nerve-fibers. 2. The de- 
cussation of the pyramids. 
semidiagrammatic (sem"e-di-ah-gram-at'ik). 
Partly'diagrammatic; modified so as to illustrate 
a principle, rather than to serve as an exact copy of 
nature. 
semiflexion (sem-e-flek'shun). The position of a 
limb midway between flexion and extension. 
semifluctuating (sem-e-fluk'tshu-a-ting). Giv- 
ing a somewhat fluctuating sensation on palpation. 
semiglutin (sem-e-glu'tin). A substance, C^H^- 
N17O22, derived from gelatin and resembling a 
peptone. 
Semih. Abbreviation for L. semiho'ra, half an hour., 
semilunar (sem-e-lu'nar) [L. semiluna'ris; semi- 
half + lu'na moon]. Resembling a crescent, or 
half-moon. s. cartilages, two crescentic lam- 
ellae of fibrocartilage of the knee-joint, serving to 
986 
deepen the surface of the head of the tibia for 
articulation with the condyles of the femur. 
semilunare (sem"e-lu-na're) [LJ. The semilunar 
bone of the wrist; the second bone of the first 
row of carpal bones, counting from the thumb side. 
semiluxation (sem"e-luk-sa'shun). Same as sub- 
luxation. 
semimalignant (sem"e-mal-ig'nant). Somewhat 
malignant. 
semimembranosus (sem"e-mem-bran-o'sus) [L. 
se'mis half + membrano'sus membranous]. See 
muscles, table of. 
semimembranous (sem-e-mem'bran-us). Made 
up in part of membrane or fascia. 
seminal (sem'in-al) [L. semina'lis]. Pertaining to 
seed or to the semen. 
seminarcosis (sem"e-nar-ko'sis). See twilight sleep 
under sleep. 
seminase (sem'in-as). A ferment found in alfalfa. 
semination (sem-in-a'shun) [L. semina'tio\. The 
introduction of semen into the vagina or uterus. 
seminiferous (sem-in-if'er-us) [L. se'men seed 4- 
fer're to bear]. Producing or conveying semen. 
seminoma (sem-in-o'mah) [semen + Gr. -opa tu- 
mor]. A tumor of the seminal vesicle. 
seminormal (sem-e-nor'mal). Of one-half the nor- 
mal or standard strength. 
seminuria (sem-in-u're-ah) [L. se'men seed + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The discharge of semen in the urine. 
semiography (se-me-og'raf-e). Semeiography. 
semiology (se-me-ol'o-je). See semeiology. 
semiorbicular (sem"e-or-bik'u-lar). Semicircular, 
semiotic (se-mi-ot'ik). Semeiotic. 
semiparasite (sem-e-par'as-it). An organism with 
moderate infestiousness for living tissue, such as 
the typhoid bacillus and cholera vibria. 
semipenniform (sem-e-pen'if-orm). Penniform on 
one side: said of a muscle the fibers of which are 
attached to one side of the tendon. 
semipermeable (sem-e-per'me-a-bl). Permitting 
the passage of certain molecules and hindering 
that of others. See under membrane. 
semiplegia (sem-e-ple'je-ah). See hemiplegia. 
semipronation (sem"e-pro-na'shun). i. The act 
of bringing to a semiprone position. 2. A semi- 
prone position. 
semiprone (sem-e-pron') [L. je'mw-half + pro'nus 
prone]. Midway between pronation and supina- 
tion. 
semirecumbent (sem"e-re-kum'bent). Reclining 
but not completely recumbent. 
semis (se'mis). Latin for half; abbreviated to ss. 
semisideratio, semisideration (sem-e-sid-er-a'- 
she-o, sem-e-sid-er-a'shun). Hemiplegia. 
semisomnus (sem-e-som'nus). Semicoma. 
semisopor (sem-e-so'por). Semicoma. 
semispeculum (sem-e-spek'u-lum). A blunt gor- 
get shaped like a half-speculum: used in lithotomy, 
semispinalis (sem"e-spi-na'lis) [LJ. See muscles, 
table of. 
semistarvation (sem"e-star-va'shun). The so- 
called hunger-cure. 
semisulcus (sem-e-sul'kus) [L. se'mis half + sul'- 
cus furrow], A channel which, with an adjacent 
and opposing one, forms a sulcus. 
semisupination (sem"e-su-pin-a'shun). The act 
of bringing to a semisupine position; a semisupine 
position. 
semisupine (sem"e-su-pin'). Same as semiprone. 
semitendinosus (sem"e-ten-din-o'sus). See mus- 
cles, table of. 
semitendinous (sem-e-ten'din-us) [L. semitendino'- 
sms]. In part composed of a tendinous structure, 
semitertian (sem-e-ter'shan). Partly tertian and 
partly quotidian. 
SEMITERTIAN SEMIVALENT 
987 
SENSE 
semi valent (sem-iv'al-ent). Having one-half the 
power which is normal. 
Semon's law, sign (se'monz) [Sir Felix Semon, 
German laryngologist in London, 1849-1921]. See 
law and sign. 
semprolin (sem'pro-lin). A proprietary petroleum 
emulsion: used as a laxative. 
senasal (sen'as-al). A cathartic preparation of 
senna and sodium phosphate. 
senecin (sen'e-sin). 1. A concentration prepared 
from Sene'cio gra'cilis: tonic, diuretic, and em- 
menagogue; also a homeopathic preparation of 
the same plant. 2. A proprietary emmenagogue 
elixir prepared from Sene'cio Jacobis'a. 3. An 
alkaloid said to be derivable from Sene'cio vul- 
ga'ris. 4. A concentration prepared from Sene'- 
cio aureus. Dose, 1-3 gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.). 
Senecio (sen-e'she-o) [L. "old man"]. A genus of 
composite-flowered plants: many species are re- 
puted to be tonic and diuretic. 5. au'reus, the 
common ragwort, or life-root, is a diuretic and 
diaphoretic, expectorant, and tonic. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.); of solid extract, 
5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
senecionin (se-ne-se-o'nin). An alkaloid from 
certain species of Senecio. 
senega (sen'e-gah) [L.]. The root of Polygjala 
sen'ega, or seneca snakeroot, a plant of North 
America. It contains senegin and polygalin, and 
is expectorant and diuretic; in large doses emetic 
and purgative. It is used mainly in the later 
stages of pneumonia, asthma, catarrhal laryngitis, 
and bronchorrhea, and sometimes in dropsy as a 
hydragogue. Dose of abstract, 5-10 gr. (0.333- 
0.666 gm.); of fluidextract, 5-15 min. (0.333-1 
c.c.); of syrup, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.); of tincture, 
1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
senegin (sen'e-jin). The active principle of senega; 
a saponin. Dose, |-i gr. (0.016-0.66 gm.). 
senescence (se-nes'ens) [L. senes'cere to grow old]. 
The process or condition of growing old. 
senescent (sen-es'ent). Growing old. 
seng (seng). A proprietary restorative medicine, 
said to be the active constituent of Asiatic gin- 
seng. 
senile (se'nil) [L. seni'lis]. Of, or pertaining to, old 
age. 
senilism (se'nil-izm). Premature old age. 
senility (se-nil'it-e) [L. senil'itas]. Old age; the 
feebleness of body and mind incident to old age. 
senium (se'ne-um). Old age; senility. 
Senn's bone-plates (senz) [Nicholas Senn, Amer- 
ican surgeon, 1844-1908]. Plates of decalcified 
bone, used in approximating and suturing a di- 
vided intestine. S's test. See test. 
senna (sen'ah) [L. from Arabic], The leaflets of 
Cas'sia acutifo'lia, C. angustifo'lia, and other leg- 
uminous plants of the same genus. Senna is a 
purgative cholagogue. Its active principle is 
said to be cathartic acid, an unstable glucosid: 
combined with ammonia it is a strong purgative, 
but the acid injected into the veins has no effect. 
Senna is much employed in the constipation of 
children and pregnant women. Its action ap- 
pears to be exerted upon all parts of the intesti- 
nal canal. In -infusion with spigelia it is very 
serviceable against ascarides. As an aperient it 
is used to promote menstruation. It is an ingre- 
dient of black draft, Vienna draft, licorice powder, 
and many other laxative preparations. Dose in 
substance, 5-60 gr. (0.333-4 gm.); of confection, 
1-2 dr. (4-8 gm.); of fluidextract, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 
c.c.); of syrup, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.); of tincture, 1-4 
fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.); of pul'vis glycyrrhi'zce compos'itus, 
30 gr. (2 gm.); of mistu'ra sen'nee compos'ita (black 
■draft), 1-4 fl.oz. (30-120 c.c.). Alexandrian s., 
a variety derived mainly from Cas'sia acutifo'lia. 
American s., Cas'sia marilan'dica, an inferior 
and unofficial species. Indian s., Tinnevelly 
s., the leaflets of Cas'sia angustifo'lia or C. elongu- 
ta, grown in India. Mecca s., Indian senna. 
sennatin (sen'at-in). An active principle extracted 
from senna: used subcutaneously as a cathartic. 
sennin (sen'nin) [after N. Senn]. A combination 
of phenol and iodin, employed as an antiseptic 
surgical dressing. 
senopia (sen-o'pe-ah) [L. seni'lis pertaining to old 
age + opsis vision]. A change in the power of 
vision of old people by which they return to the 
sight of their youth. 
sensation (sen-sa'shun) [L. sensa'tio]. An im- 
pression conveyed by an afferent nerve to the 
sensorium commune, articular s., the sensa- 
tion produced by the contact of moving joint 
surfaces, common s. (Gemeingefuhl), the gen- 
eral feeling superinduced by the summation of all 
the bodily sensation (E. H. Weber, 1846). de- 
layed s., a sensation which is not perceived 
until some time after the application of the stimu- 
lation. external s., objective s., the effect 
produced upon the mind by an external ob- 
ject through the medium of the senses, general 
s., a sensation felt throughout the body, girdle 
s., zonesthesia. internal s., subjective s., 
a sensation perceptible only to the subject himself, 
and not connected with any object external to his 
body, palmesthetic s. See palmesthetic sen- 
sibility, under sensibility, reflex s., referred s., 
a sensation felt on a place other than the point of 
application of the stimulus, strain s., a sensa- 
tion as of a strain or straining, transferred s. 
Same as referred s. 
sense (sens) [L. sen'sus; senti're to think]. A faculty 
by which the conditions or properties of things 
are perceived. Hunger, thirst, malaise, and pain 
are varieties of sense; a sense of equilibrium, of 
well-being (euphoria), and other senses are also 
distinguished, acid s., that power of the stomach 
to regulate the secretion of HO in accordance 
with the needs of digestion, color-s., the faculty 
by which various colors are perceived and distin- 
guished. concomitant s., a secondary sensa- 
tion, developed, without special stimulation, along 
with a primary sensation, cutaneous S., sen- 
sation which is perceived at or on the skin, as 
touch, temperature, etc. dermal s., one of the 
senses of the skin, as of pressure, temperature, etc. 
genesic s., reproductive s., the instinct 
which leads to the act of procreation, kines- 
thetic s., the muscular sense, light-s., the fac- 
ulty by which we distinguish degrees of brilliancy, 
muscle s., muscular s., the faculty by which 
muscular movements are perceived, s.-organ, an 
organ which receives a stimulus and transforms it 
into a sensation. Sense-organs consist of nerve-cells 
{central s.-organs) and sensory nerve-endings 
{peripheral s.-organs), which, in the case of special 
senses, are highly specialized, posture-s., a 
variety of muscular sense by which we distinguish 
the position or attitudes of the body or its parts, 
pressure-s., the faculty by which we appreciate 
pressure upon the surface of the body, respi- 
ratory s. Same as besoin de respirer. S.~ 
shock. See shock, sixth s., the general feeling 
of consciousness of the entire body; cenesthesis 
or coemesthesis. space-s., that combination of 
the senses (chiefly of sight and touch) which gives 
us information as to the relative positions and 
relations of objects in space, special s., any one 
of the five senses of seeing, feeling, hearing, taste, 
and smell, stereognostic s., the sense by which 
form and solidity are perceived, temperature- 
S., the faculty by which a person is able to appre- 
ciate differences of temperature. time-S., the 
ability to appreciate time-intervals, especially in 
sound and in music. tone-S., the power of 
distinguishing one tone from another, visceral 
s., seventh s., the internal and subjective sen- 
sations supposed to appertain to the ganglionic 
portion of the nervous system. sensibilatrice (sen-se-be-lat-res'). Same as ambo- 
ceptor. 
sensibilin (sen-sib-il'in). A substance formed in 
the body as a reaction against the first injection of 
a protein in anaphylaxis. Called also anaphylactic 
reaction body and anaphylactin. 
sensibilisin (sen-sib-il'is-in). Besredka's term for 
a specific antibody produced in the blood by a sen- 
sitizing injection. The sensitizing injection con- 
tains an active element (sensibilisinogeri), which 
gives rise in the injected animal to sensibilisin. On 
injection of the same protein a reaction takes place 
between the sensibilisin and a third substance 
present in the protein and called antisensibilisin. 
See anaphylactic antibody, under antibody. 
sensibilisinogen (sen"sib-il-is-in'o-jen). See under 
sensibilisin. 
sensibility (sen-sib-il'it-e) [L. sensibil'itas]. Sus- 
ceptibility of feeling; ability to feel or perceive, 
deep s., the sensibility to pressure and move- 
ment which exists after the skin area is made com- 
pletely anesthetic, epicritic s., the sensibility to 
gentle stimulations which furnishes the means for 
making fine discriminations of touch and temper- 
ature. This sensibility exists in the skin only, 
mesoblastic s. Same as deep s. palmes- 
thetic s., the sensibility of the skin to sen- 
sations of vibration, as a tuning-fork applied to the 
skin, protopathic s., the sensibility to strong 
stimulations of pain and temperature which is low 
in degree and poorly localized. Such sensibility 
exists in the skin and in the viscera, and acts as a 
defensive agency against pathologic changes in 
the tissues, recurrent s., sensibility exhibited 
in the anterior root of a spinal nerve when the 
distal portion is stimulated after division. SO- 
mesthetic s., bodily consciousness; the sensory 
consciousness of bodily movements; the sensibility 
of the somatic sensory receptors, splanchnes- 
t he tic s., the consciousness or sensibility de- 
pendent on the splanchnic receptors. 
sensibilization (sen-sib-il-iz-a'shun). i. The act 
of making more sensitive. 2. Same as sensitization. 
sensibilizer (sen'sib-il-i-zer). Same as amboceptor. 
sensible (sen'sib-1). [L. sensib'ilis]. Capable of 
sensation; perceptible to the senses. 
sensiferous (sen-sif'er-us) [L. sen'sus sense -f- 
jer're to carry]. Transmitting sensations. 
sensigenous (sen-sij'en-us) [L. sen'sus sense + Gr. 
yevvav to generate]. Producing sensory impulses. 
sensitive (sen'sit-iv) [L. sensiti'vus\. Able to re- 
ceive or to transmit a sensation; capable of feel- 
ing or of responding to a sensation. 
sensitization (sen-sit-i-za'shun). 1. The process of 
rendering a cell sensitive to the action of a com- 
plement by subjecting it to the action of a specific 
amboceptor. 2. Same as anaphylaxis, active s., 
the sensitization that results from the injection of 
a dose of antigen into the animal, passive s., 
the sensitization which results when some of the 
blood of a sensitized animal is injected into a nor- 
mal animal, protein s., that bodily state in 
which the individual is sensitive or hypersusceptible 
to some foreign protein, so that when there is 
absorption of that protein, a typical reaction is 
set up. 
sensitized (sen'sit-izd). Rendered sensitive, s. 
vaccine. See under vaccine. 
sensitizer (sen'sit-i-zer). Same as amboceptor. 
sensitometer (sen-sit-om'et-er). A set of sensitive 
photographic plates for testing the penetration of 
the body by light-rays. 
sensomobile (sen-so-mo'bil). Moving in response 
to a stimulus. 
sensomobility (sen"so-mo-bil'it-e). The capacity 
of man or animals for movement in response to a 
sensory stimulus. 
sensomotor (sen-so-mo'tor). Both sensory and 
motor. 
SENSIBILATRICE 
988 
sensoparalysis (sen"so-par-al'is-is). Paralysis of 
the sensory or afferent nerves of a part. 
sensorial (sen-so're-al) [L. sensoria'lis]. Pertaining 
to the sensorium. 
sensor iglandular (sen"so-re-glan'du-lar). Pro- 
ducing glandular activity as one of the conse- 
quences of stimulation of the sensory nerves. 
sensorimetabolism (sen"so-re-met-ab'o-lizm). 
The production of some metabolic action as a 
result of stimulation of the sensory nerves. 
sensorimotor (sen"so-re-mo'tor). Both sensory 
and motor. 
sensorimuscular (sen"so-re-mus'ku-lar). Pro- 
ducing reflex muscular action in response to a sen- 
sory impression. 
sensorium (sen-so're-um) [L. senti're to perceive]. 
Any sensory nerve-center; more frequently, the 
whole sensory apparatus of the body. s. com- 
mu'ne, that part of the cerebral cortex that re- 
ceives and coordinates all the impressions sent to 
the individual nerve-centers. 
sensorivascular (sen"so-re-vas'ku-lar). Produc- 
ing vascular changes as a result of stimulation 
applied through the sensory nerves. 
sensorivasomotor (sen"so-re-vas-o-mo'tor). Same 
as sensorivascular. 
sensory (sen'so-re) [L. senso'rius]. Pertaining to or 
subserving sensation. 
sensualism (sen'shu-al-izm) [L. sen'sus sense]. The 
condition of being dominated by bodily passions. 
sentient (sen'she-ent) [L. sen'tiens]. Able to feel; 
sensitive; having sensation or feeling. 
sentisection (sen-te-sek'shun) [L. senti're to per- 
ceive + sec'tio to cut]. Vivisection of an unanes- 
thetized animal. 
separator, separatory (sep'ar-a-tor, sep'ar-a-to- 
re) [L. separator]. A device for effecting a sepa- 
ration. In dentistry, an appliance for forcing ad- 
joining teeth apart. 
separatorium (sep"ar-a-to're-um). An instrument 
used in separating the pericranium from the sub- 
jacent bone. 
sepedogenesis (sep"ed-o-jen'es-is). Sepedono- 
genesis. 
sepedon (se-pe'don) [Gr.]. A septic condition: 
putridity. 
sepedonogenesis (sep"e-do-no-jen'es-is) [sepedon 
+ L. gen'esis production]. The production of 
septic conditions. 
sepia (se'pe-ah) [L.; Gr. squid]. The in- 
spissated inky juice of a cuttle-fish, or squid; also 
a homeopathic preparation of the same. 
sepium (se'pe-um) [L.; Gr. n^Trla cuttle-fish]. The 
bone of a cuttle-fish, Se'pia officina'lis. 
sepsin (sep'sin) [Gr. decay]. A poisonous, 
crystallizable ptomain from decaying yeast and 
from animal matter. 
sepsis (sep'sis) [Gr. afjxpis decay]. Poisoning by 
the products of a putrefactive process. See 
septicemia, incarcerated s., an infection which 
is latent after the primary lesion has apparently 
healed, but which may be stirred into activity by 
a slight trauma, s. intestina'lis, poisoning 
from the eating of damaged food, such as canned 
meats, ice-cream, sausages, or cheese, s. len'ta, 
a condition produced by infection with the Strep- 
tococcus vir'idans. It is marked by slowly devel- 
oping symptoms of a low infection ending in chronic 
endocarditis, oral s., a diseased condition in the 
mouth or adjacent parts which may affect the 
general health through the dissemination of toxins, 
puerperal s., sepsis occurring after childbirth, 
due to putrefactive matter absorbed from the 
parturient canal. 
sepsometer (sep-som'et-er) [Gr. putrefac- 
tion + perpov measure]. An instrument for de- 
tecting organic matter in the air. 
Sept. Abbreviation for L. sep'tem, seven. 
SEPT. SEPTAL 
989 
septal (sep'tal). Pertaining to the septum. 
septan (sep'tan) [L. sep'tem seven]. Recurring, 
every seventh (sixth) day. 
septate (sep'tat). Divided by a septum, 
septatome (sep'tah-tom). See septome. 
septavalent (sep-tah'val-ent). Same as septivalent. 
septectomy (sep-tek'to-me) [septum + Gr. eKropr) 
excision]. Excision of a portion of the nasal sep- 
tum. 
septemia, septsemia (sep-te'me-ah). Same as 
septicemia. 
septentrionalin (sep-ten"tre-o-na'lin). A poison- 
ous alkaloid from Aconi'tum septentriona'le. It is 
a sensory paralyzant with anesthetic properties. 
septic (sep'tik) [L. sep'ticus; Gr. ar/Trnkos]. Pro- 
duced by or due to putrefaction. 
septicemia, septicaemia (sep-tis-e'me-ah) [Gr. 
aijmiKOs putrid + al pa blood]. A morbid condi- 
tion due to the presence of pathogenic bacteria 
and their associated poisons (toxins and toxalbu- 
mins) in the blood. It is accompanied by chills, 
profuse sweat, and irregularly remittent fever 
and great prostration. Called also septic infection 
and septicemia, apoplectiform s. of fowls, a 
septicemia of fowls marked by apoplectiform symp- 
toms and caused by the Streptococ'cus gallina'rum. 
bronchopulmonary s., septicemia from the 
aspiration of infected wound secretions into the 
trachea in operations on the larynx. Bruce's s., 
Malta fever, cryptogenic s., septicemia in 
•which the focus of infection is not evident during 
life, fowl s., a disease of fowls caused by the 
■Spiril'lum (Vib'rio) metschniko'vii, marked by diar- 
rhea, hyperemia of the alimentary canal, and the 
presence of a blood-tinged yellowish liquid in the 
small intestine, s. hsemorrhag'ica bubalo'- 
rum. Same as bar-bone, hemorrhagic s., any 
one of a group of animal diseases caused by micro- 
organisms of the genus Pasteurella and marked by 
hemorrhages, with local edema, infectious pleuro- 
pneumonia, and intestinal lesions; included in the 
group are hemorrhagic septicemia of cattle and of 
sheep, septic pleuropneumonia, of calves, fowl 
•cholera, rabbit septicemia, and swine plague, 
lympho venous s., infection of the deep cellular 
planes of the body, morphin-injector's s. 
See Whitmore's disease, under disease. mouse-S., 
an infectious disease of mice, due to Erysipelothrix 
(Bacillus') murisepticus. phlebitic s., pyemia, 
puerperal S., septicemia in which the focus of in- 
fection is a lesion of the mucous membrane received 
during childbirth. See sepsis, puerperal, rabbit- 
s., an infectious disease of rabbits due to the 
presence of Pasteurella cuniculicida and of methyl- 
guanidin, a toxin produced by that microbe, 
sputum-s., a form produced by inoculation 
of certain of the microorganisms of the sputum, 
typhoid s., general infection with typhoid bacil- 
lus. vibrio-s., the deadly septicemia produced 
by Vib'rio metschniko'vii. 
Septicemic (sep-tis-e'mik). Pertaining to, or of 
the nature of, septicemia. 
septicidin (sep-tis-i'din). A proprietary serum 
for the treatment of swine-plague and chicken- 
cholera. 
septicin (sep'tis-in). A ptomain, or compound of 
hexylamin and amvlamin, from putrid flesh. 
septicoemia, septicoaemia (sep"tik-o-e'me-ah). 
Same as septicemia. 
septicophlebitis (sep"tik-o-fle-bi'tis) [septic + 
phlebitis]. Inflammation of the veins, due to 
septic poisoning. 
septicopyemia (sep"tik-o-pi-e'me-ah). Septice- 
mia and pyemia combined. cryptogenic s. 
See spontaneous s. metastatic s., a form marked 
by septic deposits in the lungs caused by embo- 
lism from putrid thrombi, spontaneous S., a 
variety developing without obvious cause or from 
a slight wound of the skin. Called also crypto- 
genic s. 
septicopyemic (sep"tik-o-pi-e'mik). Pertaining 
to septicopyemia. 
septicozymoid (sep"tik-o-zi'moid). A hypothetic 
substance supposed by some to supply the neces- 
sary feeding-ground for septic processes. 
septiferous (sep-tif'er-us) [sepsis + L. fe/re to 
carry]. Transmitting septic poisoning. 
septigravida (sep-tig-rav'id-ah) [L. sep'tum seven 
+ grav'ida pregnant]. A woman pregnant for the 
seventh time. 
septile (sep'til). Of or pertaining to a septum, 
septimetritis (sep"tim-e-tri'tis) [septic + metritis]. 
Septic inflammation of the uterus. 
septipara (sep-tip'ah-rah) [L. sep'tem seven + 
par'ere to produce]. A woman who has borne 
seven children. 
septivalent (sep-tiv'al-ent) [L. sep'tem seven -|- 
va'lens able]. Able to combine with or to replace 
seven hydrogen atoms. 
septoforma (sep-to-for'mah). A condensation- 
product of formaldehyd with terpenes, naphthal- 
enes, and members of the phenol group: used as a 
disinfectant for instruments, in 5 to 10 per cent, 
solution; as a wash for wounds, in 3 per cent, solu- 
tion; and in various skin diseases in a 10 per cent, 
ointment. 
septomarginal (sep-to-mar'jin-al). Pertaining to 
the margin of a septum. 
septometer (sep-tom'et-er). 1. [L. seep'turn par- 
tition + me'trum measure.] An instrument for 
measuring the thickness of the nasal septum. 
2. [Gr. (ttjtttos decayed + perpov measure.] Same 
as sepsometer. 
septonasal (sep-to-na'zal). Pertaining to the 
nasal septum. 
septosan (sep'to-san). A proprietary liquid disin- 
fectant and antiseptic irritant. 
septotome (sep'to-tom) [septum f Gr. to pi) a cut- 
ting]. An instrument for operating on the nasal 
septum. 
septotomy (sep-tot'o-me). The operation of incis- 
ing the nasal septum. 
septulum (sep'tu-lum). A small septum, s. 
tes'tis, one of the trabeculae of the testis. 
septum (sep'tum), pl. sep'ta [L. scep'tum septum]. 
A dividing wall or partition, s. alve'oli, one 
of the thin plates of bone separating the alveoli 
of the jaw. s. atrio'rum [B N A], s. auricula'- 
rum, the wall that separates the auricles of the 
heart. Bigelow's s., a layer of hard, bony tis- 
sue in the neck of the femur, bronchial s., s. 
bronchia'le, a projection into the bronchial tube 
at its bifurcation, s. bul'bi ure'thrae [B N A], 
the fibrous septum dividing the interior of the bulb 
of the urethra, s. cana'lis musculotuba'rii 
[B N A], the cochleariform process, s. cartilag- 
in'eum [B N A], the plate of cartilage forming the 
anterior part of the nasal septum, s. cervica'le 
interme'dium [B N A], the membrane joining 
the cervical spinal arachnoid and dura mater in the 
middle line. Cloquet's s., the septum crurale 
internum, crural s., the layer that closes the 
femoral ring. Douglas' s., the septum formed 
by the union of Rathke's folds, forming the rectum 
of the fetus, s. femora'le [B N A], the crural 
septum, gingival s., gum s., the part of the 
gum which occupies the interproximal spaces. S. 
glan'dis [B N A], the fibrous septum of the glans 
penis, hemal s., a structure of animals which in 
man is represented by the linea alba and the 
transversalis, iliac, and rectovesical fasciae, s. 
interalveola're, one of the partitions between 
the tooth-sockets, interauricular s. Same as 
5. atriorum. intermuscular s., the sheaths of 
aponeurosis separating some of the muscles of the 
extremities, interradical s., the bony septum 
between the roots of multirooted teeth, intra- 
ventricular s. Same as s. ventriculorum. s. 
lin'guse [B N A], the median vertical fibrous 
part of the tongue, s. luci'dum. 1. The par- 
SEPTUM tition between the lateral ventricles of the brain. 
2. The stratum corneum of the epidermis, mem- 
branous S., the membranous portion of the 
nasal septum, nasal s., the boundary be- 
tween the two nasal cavities, neural s., a pro- 
longation, chiefly in the lower vertebrates, of the 
general investing fascia, extending medially from 
the surface toward the skeleton. In man it is 
represented by the ligamentum nuchae and the 
supraspinous and interspinous ligaments. S. or- 
bita'le [B N A], the anterior protecting wall of the 
eyeball, composed of the tarsi, the canthal liga- 
ments, and the tarso-orbital fascia, s. pectini- 
for'me, the partition which separates the corpora 
cavernosa of the penis, pellucid S., the septum 
lucidum. s. pe'nis [B N A], the tunica alba lying 
between the corpora cavernosa of the penis, 
pharyngeal s., the partition which separates the 
mouth cavity from the pharynx in the embryo, s. 
pon'tis, the septum of the pons varolii. s. pos- 
ti'cum, the membranous septum which ex- 
tends from the arachnoid to the pia, opposite 
the dorsal fissure of the spinal cord. recto- 
vaginal S., the wall which separates the rectum 
from the vagina, s. scro'ti [B N A], the partition 
formed by the dartos, which divides the scrotum 
and separates the testes, s. sin'uum fronta'le 
[BN A], the bony septum between the two frontal 
sinuses, s. sphenoidale, the mesial partition 
between the sphenoid sinuses, s. spu'rium, a 
ridge on the roof of the atrium of the embryonic 
heart, subarachnoidal s., the septum pos- 
ticum. s. transver'sum, the ridge in the am- 
pulla of the semicircular canal which bears the 
crista acustica. s. tu'bae, the cochleariform 
process, s. ventriculo'rum [B N A], the parti- 
tion between the ventricles of the heart. 
septuplet (sep'tu-plet) [L. sep'tuplum a group of 
seven]. Any one of seven children bom at a birth. 
Seq. luce. Abbreviation for L. sequen'ti lu'ce, the 
following day. 
sequardin (se-kwar'din) [after Brovm-Stquard]. A 
proprietary sterilized testicular extract. 
sequel (se'kwel). Sequela. 
Sequela (se-kwe'lah), pl. seque'lce [L.]. Any lesion 
or affection following and caused by an attack of 
disease. 
sequester (se-kwes'ter) [L.]. Same as sequestrum. 
sequestral (se-kwes'tral). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of a sequestrum 
Sequestration (se-kwes-tra'shun) [L. sequestra'- 
tio]. 1. The formation of a sequestrum. 2. The 
isolation of a patient. 3. The shutting off of a por- 
tion of the blood from the general circulation by 
means of bands about the thighs and arms, for the 
purpose of reducing hemorrhage in operations on 
the head or trunk. 
sequestrectomy (se-kwes-trek'to-me) [L. seques'- 
trum -|- Gr. eKTopr] excision]. The surgical re- 
moval of a sequestrum. 
sequestrotomy (se-kwes-trot'o-me) [sequestrum 4- 
Gr. Tepveiv to cut]. The surgical removal of 
necrosed bone. 
sequestrum (se-kwes'trum), pl. seques'tra [L.]. A 
piece of dead bone that has become separated 
during the process of necrosis from the sound 
bone. s. forceps, a forceps for removing a se- 
questrum. primary s., a sequestrum that is 
entirely detached, secondary s., a sequestrum 
that is partially detached and may be pushed 
into place, tertiary s., a sequestrum that is 
only cracked, and remains in its place. 
sera (se'rah). Plural of serum. 
seralbumin (se-ral-bu'min). Serum-albumin: 
the albumin of the blood. 
serangitis (se-ran-ji'tis) [Gr. a-qp ay cavern + -tris 
inflammation]. Same as cavernitis. 
seraphtin (se-raf'tin). A trade name for a serum 
said to be curative and prophylactic in hoof-and- 
mouth disease. 
SEPTUPLET 
990 
serempion (se-rem'pe-on). A fatal form of measles 
. occurring in the West Indies. 
Serenoa (ser-e-no'ah) [after Sereno Watson]. A 
genus of palms. S. serrula'ta is the saw-palmetto or 
sabal of the southern United States. A fluidextract 
of the berries is diuretic, expectorant, and aphro- 
disiac: used in diseases of the prostate and bladder. 
The medicinal virtues of the drug are said to reside 
in its various oils. Dose of fluidextract, 30-120 
min. (2-8 c.c.); of extract, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 
gm.). 
serglobulin (ser-glob'u-lin). See paraglobulin. 
serial (se're-al). Arranged in or forming a series, 
seribele (ser-e-bel'e). The seeds and root-bark 
of Con'narus ajrica'nus: used to expel tapeworm. 
Dose, 2 fl.oz. (60 c.c.) in decoction. 
sericeps (ser'is-eps) [L. ser'icus silken + ca'put 
head]. A silken bag used in making traction on 
the fetal head. 
sericin (ser'is-in). Silk-glue or silk-gelatin; a pro- 
tein, C15H25N5O3, derivable from silk. 
sericum (ser'ik-um) [L.; Gr. vqpucbs silken]. Silk; 
a product of various insect-larvae, but chiefly of 
Bom'byx mo'ri, the silk-worm: used in surgery. 
series (se're-ez) [L. " row "]. A group or succes- 
sion of objects or substances arranged in regular 
order or forming a kind of chain, aliphatic s. 
See aliphalic. aromatic s., the compounds 
derived from benzene, fatty s., methane and its 
derivatives and the homologous hydrocarbons, 
homologous s., a series of compounds each 
member of which differs from the one preceding it 
by the radical CH2. 
seriflux (ser'if-iuks) [L. set rum whey + flux'us 
flow]. A thin, watery discharge. 
serin (se'rin). 1. A white, crystalline amino-acid, 
alpha-amino-beta-hydroxy-propionic acid, CH2- 
OH.CHNH2.COOH, obtained by boiling sericin 
with dilute sulphuric acid (Emil Fischer, 1902). 
It is also obtainable from horn by hydrolysis. 
2. Serum-albumin. 
seriscission (ser-is-sizh'un) [L. ser'icum silk 4- 
scin'dere to cut]. The cutting of soft tissues by 
means of a silken ligature. 
Serjania (ser-ja'ne-ah). A genus of tropical trees, 
some of them poisonous. 5. letha'lis grows in 
Brazil; from it a native bee collects an exceed- 
ingly poisonous honey. 
sero-albuminuria (se"ro-al-bu-min-u're-ah). The 
presence in the urine of serum-albumin. 
serobacterin (se-ro-bak'ter-in). A sensitized vac- 
cine; an emulsion of a bacterium which has been 
treated by the application of the corresponding 
immune serum. See under vaccine. 
serochrome (se'ro-krdm) [serum 4- Gr. ypwpa. 
color]. The coloring-matter of normal serum. 
serocolitis (se"ro-ko-lit'is) [serous -f- colitis]. In- 
flammation of the serous surface of the colon. 
seroculture (se'ro-kul-tshur). A bacterial culture 
on blood-serum. 
serocystic (se-ro-sis'tik). Made up of serous cysts, 
seroden (se'ro-den). A colloidal combination of 
iodin with serum proteins. 
serodermatosis (se"ro-der-mat-o'sis). A skin 
disease with serous effusion into the skin. 
serodiagnosis (se"ro-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis 
made by means of reactions taking place in the 
blood-serum. See serum diagnosis, under diagnosis. 
sero- enteritis (se"ro-en-ter-i'tis). Inflammation 
of the serous coat of the intestine. 
sero-enzyme (se-ro-en'zim). An enzyme or fer- 
ment existing in the blood-serum. 
serofibrinous (se-ro-fib'rin-us). Both serous and 
fibrinous. 
serofibrous (se-ro-fi'brus). Pertaining to serous 
and fibrous surfaces; as, serofibrous apposition. 
serofluid (se-ro-flu'id). A serous fluid. 
SEROFLUID seroformalin (se-ro-for'mal-in). An antiseptic 
dusting-powder composed of blood-serum coag- 
ulated, dried, and mixed with formalin. 
serohemorrhagic (se"ro-hem-o-raj'ik). Charac- 
terized by serum and blood. 
serohepatitis (se"ro-hep-at-i'tis) [serous + hepat- 
itis]. Inflammation of the peritoneal coat which 
covers the liver. 
sero-immunity (se"ro-im-u'nit-e). Immunity pro- 
duced by antiserum. 
serolactescent (se"ro-lak-tes'ent). Resembling 
serum and milk. 
serolemma (se-ro-lem'ah) [serous + Gr. \eppa. 
sheath]. The membrane from which the false 
amnion is developed. 
serolin (se'ro-lin) [L. se'rum serum + o'leum oil]. 
A crystallizable compound from the serum of the 
blood. 
serolipase (se-ro-li'pas). Lipase from blood-serum, 
serologic, serological (se-ro-loj'ik, se-ro-loj'ik-al). 
Pertaining to sera and the study of sera. 
serologist (se-rol'o-jist). One who is an expert in 
serum diagnosis. 
serology (se-rol'o-je) [serum + Gr. Xoyos treatise]. 
The study of sera and their actions. 
seromembranous (se-ro-mem'bran-us). Both 
serous and membranous; composed of serous 
membrane. 
seromucoid (se-ro-mu'koid). A substance some- 
times found in urine. 
seromucous (se-ro-mu'kus). Partly serous and 
partly mucous. 
seromuscular (se-ro-mus'ku-lar). Pertaining to 
the serous and muscular coats of the intestine. 
seronol (se'ro-nol). A preparation for influenza 
containing guaiacol, eucalyptol, and camphor in 
sterilized olive oil: injected daily into the gluteal 
muscles for five or six days. 
seroperitoneum (se"ro-per-it-o-ne'um). The pres- 
ence of free fluid in the peritoneum; ascites. 
serophthi'sis pernicio'sa endem'ica. Beriberi. 
serophysiology (se"ro-fiz-e-ol'o-je). The study of 
the physiologic mechanism of serum action. 
serophyte (se'ro-fit) [serum + Gr. <pvrov plant]. 
A micro-organism which grows readily in the body 
fluids. 
seroplastic (se-ro-plas'tik). Same as serofibrinous. 
seropneumothorax (se"ro-nu-mo-tho'raks). Pneu- 
mothorax with a serous effusion in the pleural 
cavity.. 
seroprognosis (se"ro-prog-no'sis). The prognosis 
of a disease by study of its seroreactions. 
seroprophylaxis (se"ro-pro-fil-ak'sis). The in- 
jection of convalescent serum into persons who 
have been exposed to infection; done as a pro- 
phylactic measure. 
seropurulent (se-ro-pu'ru-lent). Both serous and 
purulent. 
seropus (se-ro-pus'). Serum mingled with pus. 
seroreaction (se-ro-re-ak'shun). A reaction oc- 
curring in a serum or as a result of the action of a 
serum. Cf. fixation of the complement. Klaus- 
ner's S. See Klausner's reaction, under reaction. 
serosa (se-ro'sah). Any serous membrane. 
serosamucin (se-ro-sah-mu'sin). A protein re- 
sembling mucin, found in inflammatory ascitic 
exudates. 
serosanguineous (se"ro-sang-win'e-us). Pertain- 
ing to or containing both serum and blood. 
serosaprophyte (se"ro-sap'ro-flt). A micro-organ- 
ism which thrives in the body fluids only when they 
have become degenerated. 
seroscopy (se-ros'ko-pe) [serum + Gr. aKoirelv to 
examine]. Diagnostic examination of serum with 
the agglutinoscope. 
SEROFORMALIN 
991 
serose (se'ros). An albumose obtained from serum- 
albumin. 
seroserous (se-ro-se'rus) Pertaining to two or 
more serous membranes. 
serosine (ser'o-sin). A proprietary antiseptic, anti- 
pyretic, and sedative preparation. 
serositides (se-ro-si'tid-ez). Plural of serositis. 
serositis (se-ro-si'tis) [serous membrane + Gr. 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of a serous 
membrane, multiple S., polyorrhomeningitis. 
serosity (se-ros'it-e). The quality possessed by 
serous fluids. 
serosynovial (se"ro-si-no've-al). Both serous and 
synovial. 
serosynovitis (se"ro-sin-o-vi'tis). Synovitis with 
effusion of serum. 
serotaxis (se-ro-taks'is) [serum + Gr. ra^cs arrange- 
ment]. The determination of the blood-serum 
toward the skin in diagnosis by the application 
of caustic potash in solution, so as to bring patho- 
genic germs to the skin. 
serotherapeutic (se"ro-ther-ap-u'tik). Pertaining 
to serotherapy. 
serotherapist (se-ro-ther'ap-ist). One who treats 
disease by serotherapy. 
serotherapy (se-ro-ther'ap-e) [serum fl- Gr. Oepa- 
ireia treatment], i. Whey-cure. 2. Passive im- 
munization for protective or curative purposes by 
the injection of the blood-sera of animals that 
have been actively immunized by inoculation with 
the bacteria or the bacterial toxins of the disease. 
serothorax (se-ro-tho'rax). Hydrothorax. 
serotina (se-rot'in-ah) [L. " late "]. Same as 
decidua serotina. 
serotoxin (se-ro-toks'in). A toxin existing in the 
blood-serum. 
serous (se'rus) [L. sero'sus}. 1. Pertaining to or 
resembling serum. 2. Producing or containing 
serum, s. inflammation, inflammation in which 
the exudate is of a serous nature; also inflam- 
mation of a serous membrane, s. membrane, 
the membrane lining one of the large lymph- 
spaces of the body. It is composed of a base- 
ment-membrane located upon ordinary con- 
nective tissue, and bearing a single layer of endo- 
thelial cells. A serous membrane consists of two 
layers forming a closed sac-the parietal portion, 
lining the wall of the cavity, and the visceral 
portion, covering the viscera contained in it. See 
membrane. 
serovaccination (se-ro-vak-sin-a'shun). Injection 
of serum combined with vaccination to produce 
passive immunity by the former and active im- 
munity by the latter. 
serozyme (se'ro-zim) [L. se'rum + Gr. yeast]. 
Same as thrombogen. 
serpentaria (ser-pen-ta're-ah) [L. ser'pens snake]. 
The rhizome and roots of Aristolo'chia serpen- 
ta'ria and A. reticula'la, or Virginia snake-root, 
herbs of North America. Serpentaria is tonic, 
diaphoretic, and diuretic, and is used as a stimu- 
lant in typhoid fever and typhoid pneumonia, as 
a digestive tonic, and in eruptive fevers. Dose of 
fluidextract, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.); of tincture, 
5-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.); of infusion, 1 fl.oz. (30 c.c.); 
of tinctu'ra cincho'na compos'ita, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
serpiginous (ser-pij'in-us) [L. ser'pere to creep]. 
Creeping from part to part. 
serpigo (ser-pi'go) [L. ser'pere to creep]. Anjr 
creeping eruption; tinea or herpes. 
serpolet (ser'po-let) [L. serpyl'lum thyme]. A 
kind of camphory oil from Thy'mus serpyl'lum, 
used mainly in perfumery; also the plant which 
produces it; wild thyme. 
serpyllum (ser-pil'um). Latin for thyme. 
serrago (ser'a-go), gen. serra'ginis [L.J. Saw-dust. 
It has a limited use in surgical dressings. 
SERRAGO serrate, serrated (ser'at, ser'a-ted) [L. serra'tus, 
from ser'ra saw]. Having a saw-like edge. 
serration (ser-a'shun) [L. serra'tio]. 1. A struc- 
ture or formation with teeth like those of a saw. 
2. A notch like one between two teeth of a saw. 
serratus (ser-a'tus). See muscles, table of. 
serrefine (sar-fen') [Fr.]. A small spring-forceps 
for compressing bleeding vessels. 
serrenoeud (sar-nud') [Fr. ser'rer to press + noeud 
knot]. An instrument used in surgery for tight- 
ening ligatures. 
Serres' angle, glands (sarz) [Etienne Renaud 
Augustin Serres, French physiologist, 1786-1868]. 
See angle and gland. 
serrulate (ser'u-lat) [L. serrula'tus]. Marked or 
bordered with small serrations or projections. 
Sertoli's cell, column (ser-to'lez) [Enrico Sertoli, 
Italian histologist]. See cell and column. 
serum (se'rum), pl. se'ra [L. " whey "]. 1. The 
clear portion of any animal liquid separated from 
its more solid elements; especially the clear liquid 
(blood-si) which separates in the clotting of blood 
from the clot and the corpuscles. 2. Blood-serum 
from animals that have been inoculated with bac- 
teria or their toxins. Such serum, when intro- 
duced into the body, produces passive immuniza- 
tion by virtue of the antibodies which it contains. 
3. See blood-serum. Abderhalden's cancer s., 
a blood-serum from an animal which has been 
injected with cancer fluid and has thus developed 
protective ferments. Such serum has been used in 
treating patients with cancer. Adamkiewicz's 
s., cancroin. adapted s., a serum resulting from 
immunization, adrenal s., a serum to which 
has been added an extract from the adrenal gland 
of an animal. Such a serum has a toxic effect upon 
the adrenal glands of animals of the species from 
which the extract was made. s.-albumin. See 
albumin, allergic s., a serum which produces 
hypersensitiveness (anaphylaxis) to serum injec- 
tions. anallergic s., a serum which does not 
produce hypersensitiveness (anaphylaxis) to serum 
injections, antagonistic s., treatment of a dis- 
ease by the injection of serum of some antagonistic 
disease; as the treatment of patients having myx- 
edema with serum from patients with exophthalmic 
goiter, anti-amarillic s., an animal serum rec- 
ommended for use in treating yellow fever, anti- 
anthrax S., an antitoxic serum prepared by the 
inoculation of bouillon cultures of virulent an- 
thrax. anti-blastomycetic s., serum from 
birds inoculated with blastomycetes of cancer, 
proposed for protective inoculation against the 
blastomycetes of carcinoma, antibothropic 
S., serum used to produce immunization against 
the bites of rattlesnakes, anticancerous s., 
a serum for use in cancer; obtained by the in- 
oculation of a donkey that has been infected with 
filtered cancer juice, anticholera s. See 
Kraus' s. anticoagulative s., a serum which 
prevents the coagulation of serum, anticrotalus 
S., an antivenomous serum which is protective 
against the poison of the rattlesnake, anti- 
diphtheric S. 1. See diphtheria antitoxin, under 
antitoxin. 2. A serum produced by injecting an 
animal with killed or living diphtheria germs or 
with both. It is used therapeutically to inhibit or 
kill the diphtheria germs rather than to neutralize 
the diphtheria toxin, antidysenteric s., a 
serum from horses immunized against the dys- 
entery bacterium or its toxin, or both, anti- 
epithelial s. Same as epitheliolysin. anti- 
gonococcus s., a serum from goats immunized 
against the gonococcus, antigourmeaux s., a 
serum for the treatment of strangles, anti- 
hepatic s., serum of an animal into which has 
been injected liver matter from another animal. 
This serum is destructive to the liver of the animal 
of the species from which the injected matter was 
taken, antileprous s., a serum for the treatment 
of leprosy, antimeningococcus s., a poly- 
SERRATE 
992 
valent serum prepared by injecting first an autol- 
ysate of the strains and later living cultures 
(method of Flexner and Job ling), antimorphin 
S., a serum obtained from animals that have been 
injected with increasing doses of morphin. anti- 
ophidic S. [Ophidia, an order of reptiles including 
serpents], serum which combats the poison of 
snakes, antipancreatic s., serum of an animal 
into which has been injected pancreatic extract 
from another animal. This serum is destructive 
to the pancreas of the animal of the species from 
which the extract was taken, antiparamoscious 
S., a serum resulting from immunization with 
paramcecium, a protozoan organism, antipest 
s. See antiplague serum, antiphagocytic s., 
a serum which destroys phagocytes, antiplague 
S., a serum obtained from animals which have 
been repeatedly injected with killed or living 
plague germs (Pfeifferella pestis) or with both or 
with some preparation of the germs, anti- 
platelet S., a serum which dissolves blood- 
platelets, obtained by repeatedly injecting a 
rabbit with guinea-pig platelets, antipneumo- 
COCCUS S., a serum found in the blood of horses 
which have been injected with pneumococci. The 
Type I serum is particularly valuable therapeu- 
tically. antisarcomatous s., serum from an 
animal into which sarcoma tissue has been injected: 
said to be useful to prevent the growth of sarcoma, 
antiscarlatinal s. See Moser's s. antisper- 
mo toxic s. See antispermotoxin. antistaph- 
ylococcus S., a serum thought to be curative of 
staphylococcus infection, antistreptococcus 
S., a serum obtained from the blood of animals 
which have been injected with killed or living strep- 
tococci or with both. It is used in treating various 
streptococcic infections, antitetanic s. See 
tetanus antitoxin, antithyroid s., a serum ob- 
tained by immunizing animals with thyroid cells 
or with their nucleoproteins, antitoxic s., a 
serum which contains the antitoxin of a pathogenic 
organism, antitubercle s., a serum prepared 
by injecting an animal with killed or with living 
tubercle germs (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or 
with both or with a preparation of the germs, 
antityphoid s., a serum derived from horses 
which have been injected with filtered bouillon 
cultures of Bacterium typhosum for several years 
and with the typhoid germs. It is used in the 
treatment of typhoid fever, antivenomous s., 
a serum used as a remedy for snake-bite, prepared 
from the blood of horses or asses which have been 
immunized against the venom of serpents. Called 
also Calmette's s. Aronson's s., an antistrepto- 
coccus serum, artificial s., a solution containing 
albumin, salts, etc.: used in intravenous and intra- 
peritoneal injections, autosalvarsanized s. 
See salvarsanized s. bacteriolytic s., a serum 
which contains the bacteriolysin of a microorgan- 
ism. Bardel's S., a mixture of sodium chlorid, 
phenol, sodium phosphate, sodium sulphate, and 
water. Beebe's s., a serum obtained from the 
blood of thyroidectomized animals: used in con- 
ditions of thyroid hyperactivity. Behring's s., 
a serum against diphtheria. Blondel's s., the 
serum of fresh milk, prepared by filtration after 
coagulation and neutralization, blood s., the 
clear, usually amber-colored, fluid which separates 
when blood clots. It contains neither fibrin nor 
corpuscles. See also blood-serum. Bull and 
Pritchett's s., an antitoxic serum for gas- 
bacillus infection. Calmette's s. See anti- 
venomous s. cancer-s., a serum for the treat- 
ment of cancer, prepared in the _ same way as 
diphtheria antitoxin. Carrasquilla's s., an 
antileprous serum of little therapeutic 'value. 
Catani's s., sodium chlorid, 4 parts; sodium 
carbonate, 2 parts; and boiled distilled water, 1000 
parts; for injection in infectious diseases. Chan- 
temesse's s. See antityphoid serum. Cheron's 
S., crystalline phenol, 1 part; sodium chlorid, 2 
parts; sodium phosphate, 4 parts; sodium sulphate, 
8 parts; boiled distilled water, 100 parts: for in- 
SERUM SERUM 
993 
SERUM 
jection in infectious diseases. Crocq's s., 
sodium phosphate, 2 parts; boiled distilled water, 
100 parts: for injection in infectious diseases. 
Cuguillere's s., an anti tuberculosis preparation 
of allyl sulphid, 1 gm.; tincture of myrrh, 1 c.c.; 
and Hayem's glycerinated serum, 100 c.c. cyto- 
tropic S., a serum rendering cells ingestible by 
phagocytes. Deutschmann's s., a serum ob- 
tained from horses injected with increasing doses 
of sterile yeast: used by injection in various infec- 
tious diseases. Dose, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). 
Dopter's s., a serum effective against the para- 
meningococcus. Dorset-Niles s., a serum for 
immunizing against hog-cholera, double s., a 
mixture of immune sera from horses and cattle, 
believed to furnish a greater variety of specific 
amboceptors than a serum from either animal 
alone. Doyen's S., a serum from cows whose 
udders have been inoculated with Micrococ'cus 
neofor'mans: used in cancer. Dujardin-Beau- 
metz s., a solution containing potassium car- 
bonate and sulphate, sodium chlorid, lactate, and 
phosphate. Dunbar's s., an antitoxin from the 
pollen of rag-weed, goldenrod, rye, etc.: used in 
the treatment of hay-fever, endotheliolytic s., 
serum which destroys endothelial cells. It is ob- 
tained from the blood of animals immunized with 
endothelial cells. Flexner's s., an antidiplo- 
coccus serum used in the treatment of cerebro- 
spinal meningitis by injection into the spinal canal, 
foreign s., serum from an animal to be injected 
into one of another species. Gabritschewsky's 
s., an antiscarlatinal serum, gastrotoxic s., a 
serum toxic to the gastric mucous membrane, s.- 
globulin. Same as paraglobulin, glycerin s., 
blood-serum which contains 5 per cent, of glycerin: 
used as a culture medium for tubercle bacilli. 
Haffkine's s., not a serum. See Haffkine's vac- 
cine, under vaccine. Hayem's S., sodium chlorid, 
5 parts; sodium sulphate, 1 part; distilled and 
boiled water, 1000 parts: for injection in infectious 
diseases, heterologous s., a serum derived from 
an animal of another species. Hoffmann's s., 
epitheliolysin. hog-cholera s., hogs having 
some immunity either from having recovered from 
an attack of the disease or as a result of an injec- 
tion of hog-cholera serum, are injected several 
times intravenously at intervals of three to four 
weeks with infectious blood from a hog sick with 
hog-cholera. The serum of such hyperimmune 
hogs is used both in the prevention and in the cure 
of hog cholera. Howell's S., a solution of so- 
dium chlorid and bicarbonate, calcium chlorid, and 
potassium chlorid. Huchard's s., a solution in 
100 c.c. of distilled water; sodium phosphate, 10 
gm.; sodium chlorid, 5 gm.; and sodium sulphate, 
2.5 gm. immune s., a serum containing one or 
more antibodies; especially one in which the 
antibody content has been increased by recovery 
from its specific infection or by injection with its 
specific antigen, inactive s., a serum which has 
been treated until its activity has been destroyed: 
it is injected to aid in the elimination of toxic 
material, inorganic s. See Trunecek's s. iso- 
tonic S.( serum which contains enough saline 
matter to preserve the red corpuscles, jequiritol 
S., an antitoxin that corrects the effects of je- 
quiritol. Kitasato's s., an anticholera serum 
Kolle's s., a serum used in treating cerebrospinal 
meningititis. Kraus' S., a serum for treating 
cholera prepared by immunizing horses with a 
toxin derived from a vibrio isolated from patients 
dying from a cholera-like infection. Kronecker 
and Lichtenstein's s., sodium chlorid, 6 or 
7 parts; sodium carbonate, 0.1 part; water, 1000 
parts:, for injection in infectious diseases. S. 
lac'tis, the whey of milk. Latta's S., sodium 
chlorid, 3 to 5 parts; sodium carbonate, 1.7 parts; 
boiled distilled water, 3 to 4 parts: for injection in 
infectious diseases. Leclainche-Vallee s., a 
polyvalent serum derived from horses inoculated 
with several varieties of staphylococcus, strepto- 
coccus, Bacillus coli, pyocyaneus, Bacillus proteus. 
Vibrio septicus, and Bacillus aerogenes: used in the 
treatment of wound infections and septicemia. 
Leclerc's s., sodium chlorid, 40 parts; sodium 
phosphate, 4 parts; boiled distilled water, 1000 
parts: for injection in infectious diseases, leuko- 
cygenic s., horse-serum treated so as to render it 
stable: said to cause marked migration of leuko- 
cytes to the site of injection and used in treating 
infected wounds, leukocytolytic S., serum 
that destroys leukocytes; it is from the blood of 
animals immunized with leukocytes, leuko- 
toxic s., a serum that destroys leukocytes. Ley- 
den's S., blood-serum from patients recovering 
from scarlet fever. Loffier's s. See Loffier's 
blood-serum, under blood-serum. Lustig's s., a 
serum obtained from horses which have been im- 
munized with Lustig and Galeotti's vaccine, q. v., 
under vaccine, s.-lutein, the lipochrome, or 
yellow coloring-matter of serum. Luton's S., 
crystalline sodium phosphate, 4 parts; sodium 
sulphate, 10 parts; boiled distilled water, 100 parts: 
for injection in infectious diseases, lymphato- 
lytic s., serum which destroys lymphatic tissues, 
such as the spleen and lymph-glands. Marag- 
liano's s., an antitubercle serum prepared by 
injecting animals with unheated products of the 
tubercle bacilli, marine s., a mixture of sea- 
water 83 parts with 190 parts of spring water for 
hypodermic injection. Marmorek's s., a serum 
obtained by injecting animals with young cultures 
of tubercle germs which have been grown on a 
leukotoxic serum and then with strains of strepto- 
cocci obtained from tuberculous patients. Mat- 
hieu's S., a serum containing 6 gm. of sodium 
sulphate, 4 gm. of sodium phosphate, 1 gm. of 
sodium chlorid, 20 c.c. of glycerol, in 100 c.c. 
of distilled water. Menzer's S., a serum for 
treating rheumatic fever; it is obtained by in- 
oculating horses with living, cultures derived 
from human cases, mercurialized s., blood- 
serum containing mercuric chlorid: used in treat- 
ing syphilis of the nervous system. Merz's s. 
1. A preparation containing hamamelis extract in 
tubes for use in hemorrhoids. 2. Veraserol. 
Morpinami's s. See scarlatin. Moser's s., 
antistreptococcus serum produced by inoculating 
horses with several kinds of streptococci from the 
blood of scarlet-fever patients, motile s., an 
immune serum containing flagellar agglutinins, 
multipartial s., polyvalent serum, muscle-s., 
muscle plasma deprived of its myosin, nephro- 
lytic S., a serum which has a specific destructive 
effect on kidney tissue, nephrotoxic S., a serum 
having a specific toxic effect on the kidney. It is 
produced by treating serum with an emulsion of 
kidney substance from an animal, the serum being 
toxic for animals of the same species, neuro- 
lytic s., neurotoxic s., a serum which exerts 
a specific toxic action on the brain and spinal 
cord. It is produced by treating serum with 
emulsion of brain and cord of an animal, the 
serum being toxic for animals of the species, 
normal s. 1. Serrnn from a normal untreated 
animal. 2. Serum of which 0.1 c.c. will neu- 
tralize ten times the minimal lethal dose of a 
definite bacteria toxin. Pane's S., antipneu- 
mococcic serum. Paquin's s., a tuberculous 
serum obtained by successive inoculation of 
horses. Parascandolo's s., a serum obtained 
by inoculation of an animal with mixed cultures 
of staphylococci and streptococci, s.-paste, 
a preparation of serum of ox-blood and zinc 
oxid. When painted over denuded surfaces, it 
dries, leaving a protective film, petit S., a non- 
sensitizing, non-toxic, but vaccinating substance 
derived from serum by mixing with 2 parts of 90 
per cent, alcohol, treating the resulting precipitate 
with physiologic salt solution, and filtering. Cf. 
Vaughan's split products, under product, plague 
S., Yersin's s., antiplague serum, polyvalent 
S., a serum obtained by inoculating animals with 
several varieties of an organism, such as strepto- 
coccus. pooled s., the mixed serum from a number of subjects, prophylactic S., a serum 
for immunizing against a disease. Quentin's 
s., marine serum. Query's s., a serum for 
syphilis obtained by inoculating monkeys with 
filtered bouillon cultures of Spirochceta pallida. 
Renzi's s., a solution, in 1000 c.c. of water, of 1 
gm. iodin, 3 gm. of potassium iodid, and 6 gm. of 
sodium chlorid. Richet-Hericourt's s., a 
serum for use in cancer. Rogers' s., a serum 
for treatment of exophthalmic goiter. Romer's 
s., an antipneumococcus serum. Roussel's 
s., a solution of 50 gm. of sodium phosphate 
in 1000 c.c. of water. Roux's s., antidiph- 
theric serum. Ruppell's s., a serum for cere- 
brospinal meningitis prepared from a number of 
strains of the micrococcus, salvarsanized s., 
blood-serum taken from a patient after an intra- 
venous injection of salvarsan. See Swift-Ellis 
method under method. Sanarelli's s., a serum 
used in protective inoculation against yellow 
fever. Sapellier's s., a solution, in 100 c.c. of 
boiled water, of 60 gm. of sodium chlorid, 5 gm. of 
potassium chlorid, 31 gm. of sodium carbonate, 4.5 
gm. of sodium phosphate, and 3.5 gm. of potas- 
sium sulphate. Schiassi's s., a solution for the 
physiologic treatment of wounds, containing 6.5 
gm. of sodium chlorid, 0.3 gm. of potassium cblo- 
rid, 1 gm. of fused calcium chlorid, 0.5 gm. of 
sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 gm. of glucose, and 1000 
gm. of distilled water. Schiess's s., a solution, in 
1000 c.c. of water, of 75 gm. of sodium chlorid and 
50gm. of sodium bicarbonate. Schurupow's s., 
a serum used in the treatment of Asiatic cholera. 
Sclavo's s., a bactericidal serum for treating 
human anthrax, produced by inoculating the ass 
with anthrax bacilli, specific s., a serum which 
contains a large number of amboceptors having a 
special affinity for a given cell. Spengler's s., 
an antituberculous serum obtained from the dis- 
solved erythrocytes of the blood of animals: used 
hypodermically. Called also immunkorper and 
I. K. streptococcus s. See antistreptococcic 
s. surgical s., sodium chlorid, 7 J parts; boiled 
distilled water, 1000 parts: for injection in surgical 
cases. Sydmann's S. See Sydmann's solution, 
under solution, thymotoxic s., a serum which 
has a specific toxic effect on thymus tissue, thy- 
rolytic s., a serum formed in an animal on injec- 
tion of the extract of cells of the thyroid body of 
other animals, and capable of dissolving the 
thyroid of the animal from which the cells were 
taken, thyrotoxic S., a serum destructive to 
thyroid tissue. Torrey's s., antigonococcus 
serum. Trunecek's s., an aqueous solution of 
sodium sulphate, chlorid, phosphate, and car- 
bonate with potassium sulphate, in the proportion 
in which they exist in the human blood: used for 
arteriosclerosis, rheumatism, epilepsy, uremia, dia- 
betes, paralysis agitans, etc. Dose, 15 min. (1 c.c.) 
subcutaneously or fl.oz. (35 c.c.) by the rectum 
every three or four days. Called also inorganic 
serum. Vallee's S. Same as Leclainche-V alite s. 
Vandervelde's s. 1. A solution of 3 gm. each of 
sodium glycerophosphate and sodium chlorid in 
1000 c.c. of water. 2. A solution of 3 gm. each of 
sodium chlorid, sodium phosphate, and potassium 
chlorid, 2.5 gm. of sodium carbonate, and 2 gm. of 
potassium sulphate in 100 c.c. of water, von 
Leyden's s. See Leyden's s. Weinberg's s., 
antigangrene serum. Wlaeff's S., an antiblasto- 
mycetic serum, yeast s., serum from animals 
which have been given increasing doses of yeast 
in their food; recommended for use in various 
infections. Yersin's S., antiplague serum. 
serumal (se-ru'mal). Pertaining to or formed from 
serum, s. calculus. See under calculus. 
serum-casein (se-rum-ka'se-in). Paraglobulin. 
serum disease (se'rum dis-ez'). See serum sickness, 
under sickness. 
serum-fast (se'rum-fast). Resistant to the de- 
structive effect of serum: said of bacteria. 
SERUMAL 
994 
serum-identical (se-rum-i-den'tik-al). Acting in 
the same way toward a given immune serum. 
serum-sickness (se'rum-sik'nes). See under sick- 
ness. 
serum-therapy (se-rum-ther'ap-e). See serotherapy. 
serumuria (se-rum-u're-ah). Same as albuminuria. 
Serv. Abbreviation for L. ser'va, keep, preserve. 
Servetus (ser-ve'tus), Michael. A Spanish theolo- 
gian and physician, 1509-1553. He is believed by 
some to have preceded Harvey in the discovery of 
the circulation of the blood. 
serviette (sar-ve-et') [Fr.]. A towel or napkin. 
sesame (ses'am-e) [L. ses'amum; Gr. anaanov]. 
The plants Ses'amum in'dicum and S. orienta'le; 
also their oil-bearing seeds. The oil (p'leum ses'- 
ami), called oil of benne, is used like olive oil.. 
The seeds are demulcent, and are useful in dysen- 
tery. 
sesamoid (ses'am-oid) [L. sesamoi'des; Gr. anaa- 
fjov sesame + elbos form]. Resembling a grain 
of sesame. See bone. 
sesamoiditis (ses"am-oid-i'tis). Inflammation of 
the sesamoid bones and surrounding structures 
of a horse's foot. 
sesqui- [L. ses'qui- a half more]. A prefix meaning 
one and a half. 
sesquibasic (ses-kwe-ba'sik) [L. ses'qui- one and a 
half + ba'sis base]. Formed by the substitution 
of two atoms of a base for three of the hydrogen 
atoms of an acid. 
sesquibo (ses'kwe-bo) [L. sesqui one and one-half + 
bovinum], Pirquet's term for a milk nutriment in- 
termediate between simple and double nutriment. 
It contains 150 nems. Cf. dubo and sibo. 
sesquicarbonate (ses-kwe-ka/bo-nat). A carbo- 
nate in which the carbonic acid radical is united 
to a base in the proportion of three to two. 
sesquichlorid (ses-kwe-klo'rid). A chlorid in 
which the chlorin is united to a base in the pro- 
portion of three to two. 
sesquih. [L. sesquiho'ra]. An abbreviation for an 
hour and a half. 
sesquihora (ses-kwi-ho'rah) [L.]. An hour and a 
half. 
sesquioxid (ses-kwe-oks'id). A compound of three 
parts of oxygen with two of another element. 
sesquisalt (ses'kwe-sawlt). A salt containing 
three parts of an acid with two of a base. 
sesquisulphate (ses-kwe-sul'fat). A sulphate con- 
taining three parts of sulphuric acid united with 
two of another element. 
sesquisulphid (ses-kwe-sul'fid). A sulphid con- 
taining three parts of sulphur united with two of 
another element. 
sessile (ses'il) [L. ses'silis]. Attached by a broad 
base; not pedunculated or stalked. 
Sesunc. Abbreviation for L. sesun'cia, an ounce 
and a half. 
setaceous (se-ta'shus) [L. seta'ceus; se'ta bristle]. 
Slender and rigid, like a bristle. 
setiferous (se-tif'er-us) [L. se'ta bristle + fer're to 
bear]. Bearing bristles; covered with bristles. 
setigerous (se-tij'er-us) [L. se'ta bristle + ge'rere 
to carry]. Same as setiferous. 
seton (se'ton) [Fr. seton; L. se'ta bristle]. 1. A 
strip or skein of silk or linen drawn through a wound 
in the skin to make an issue. 2. The tract or fistula 
so formed. 
Setschenow's center, nucleus (sets'en-ofs) 
[Ivan Setschenow, Russian neurologist]. See center. 
seven-barks (sev'en-barks). Hydrangea. 
seven-day fever. See nanukayami. 
seventh nerve (sev'enth). The facial nerve. See 
nenes, table of. 
sevetol (sev'e-tol). A preparation of predigested 
animal and vegetable fats. 
SEVETOL sevum (se'vum). Latin for suet. s. benzoina' 
turn, benzoinated suet. S. prsepara'tum, pre- 
pared suet. 
sewage (su'aj). The matters found in sewers. It 
consists of the excreta of man and animals, waste 
matters from kitchens, and other substances. 
sewerage (su'er-aj). The system of pipes arranged 
for carrying off the excreta and waste matters 
of a house or a town. 
sewer-gas (su'er-gas). The poisonous vapor 
emanating from foul sewers. 
sex (seks) [L. sex'us\. The distinctive generative 
character. 
sexdigitate (seks-dij'it-at) [L. sex six + dig'itus 
digit]. Having six fingers on the hand or six 
toes on the foot. 
sexivalent (sek-siv'al-ent) [L. sex six + vale're to 
have power]. Able to combine with or displace 
six atoms of hydrogen. 
sex-limited. Affecting one sex only. 
sex-linked. A term applied to characters which 
are inherited unequally by males and females. 
sexology (seks-ol'o-je). The study which deals with 
the sexes and their relations. 
sextan (seks'tan) [L. sexta'nus of the sixth]. Re- 
curring every sixth day. 
sextigravida (seks-tig-rav'id-ah) [L. sex six + 
gravida pregnant]. A woman pregnant for 
the sixth time. 
sextipara (seks-tip'ah-rah) [L. sex'tus sixth + 
par'ere to produce]. A woman who has borne 
six children. 
sextonol (seks'to-nol). A proprietary preparation 
of quinin, strychnin, iron, manganese, soda, and 
lime. 
sextuplet (seks'tu-plet) [L. sex'tus sixth]. Any 
one of six bom at one birth. 
sexual (seks'u-al) [L. sexua'lis}. 1. Pertaining to 
sex. 2. A person considered in his sexual relations, 
contrary s., a sexual invert. 
sexuality (seks-u-al'it-e). The characteristic qual- 
ity of the male and female reproductive elements. 
sexvalent (seks'val-ent) [L. sex six + va'lens able]. 
Having a chemic valence of six. 
S.-G. Abbreviation for Sachs-Georgi test. 
Sgambati reaction or test (sgahm'bah-te) [O. 
Sgambati, physician in Rome]. See under reaction. 
S. G. O. Abbreviation for Surgeon-General's Office. 
shadow (shad'o). A faded or colorless red blood- 
corpuscle. blood-s. Same as phantom-corpuscle. 
See under corpuscle, heart s., the x-ray shadow 
of the heart. Ponfick's s's, phantom corpuscles. 
S.-test. See skiascopy. 
shadowgram, shadowgraph (shad'o-gram, shad'- 
o-graf). Same as skiagram. 
shadowgraphy (shad'o-graf-e). Same as skiag- 
raphy. 
shadow nucleus (shad'o). See under nucleus. 
shakes (shaks). A popular name for the cold 
paroxysm of intermittent fever, spelter-s., a 
form of disease seen among brass-founders, charac- 
terized by violent chills. 
shaking palsy (sha'king). See paralysis agitans. 
shank (shangk). The tibia or shin; also the leg. 
Sharpey's fibers (shar'pez) [William Sharpey, 
English anatomist, 1802-1880]. See fiber. 
shashitsu (shah-shit'soo). See tsutsugamushi dis- 
ease, under disease. 
shaven-beard appearance (sha'ven-berd). The 
appearance of the intestinal glands in typhoid 
fever, being dark colored, with fine white mark- 
ings. 
sheath (sheth) [L. vagi'nd\. A tubular body in- 
closing or surrounding some organ, adventi- 
tial S., a structure within the brain which sepa- 
rates the extra- and the intra-adventitial spaces, 
arachnoid s., the delicate membrane between 
SEVUM 
995 
the dural and pial sheath of the optic nerve, 
capillary s., the wall of a lymph-channel sur- 
rounding a capillary. chordal s., the sheath 
of the notochord, crural s. Same as fem- 
oral s. dentinal s., the layer of tissue which 
lines the dentinal tubules. Called also Neu- 
mann's s. dural s., the external investment 
of the optic nerve, femoral s., the fascial 
envelope of the femoral vessels, s. of Henle, 
the envelope of a nerve-fiber outside of the 
neurilemma. lamellar s., the perineurium. 
Mauthner's s., the double granular protoplasmic 
sac or layer, marked with lengthwise strife, be- 
neath Schwann's sheath. It incloses the myelin, 
medullary s. Same as myelin s. myelin s., 
the sheath surrounding the axis-cylinder of some 
(myelinized, medullated) nerve-fibers. It consists of 
myelin supported by a network of neurokeratin 
and is itself surrounded by the neurilemma. Called 
also medullary sheath. Neumann's s. See 
dentinal s. notochordal s., an elastic sheath 
surrounding the notochord. Called also elastica 
externa, nucleated s. See neurilemma, s's of 
the optic nerve, the envelopes that surround the 
optic nerve, formed by extension of the membranes 
of tbe brain, perinephric s., the sheath of 
fascia investing the kidney, perivascular s., a 
lymphatic organ which surrounds some of the 
blood-vessels of the brain, pial S., an extension 
of the pia which partly surrounds the optic nerve, 
primitive s., the neurilemma. S. of the rec- 
tus, the sheath inclosing the rectus muscle, formed 
by splitting of the tendon of the internal oblique 
muscle, root-s., the epithelial sheath of the root 
of the embryonic tooth. Scarpa's s., the cre- 
masteric fascia. Schwalbe ' s s., the thin envelope 
of an elastic fiber, s. of Schwann, the neuri- 
lemma. synovial s., the membrane which lines 
a bony passage through which a tendon passes, 
tangential s., the fibrocellular sheath inclosing 
the carotid arteries. 
sheeppox (shep'poks). A contagious disease of 
sheep analogous to or perhaps identical with 
smallpox or kinepox. Called also ovinia. 
sheep-scab (shep'skab). See under scab. 
Sheet (shet). An oblong piece of cotton or linen 
for a bed covering, draw-s., a folded sheet placed 
under a patient in bed so that it may be withdrawn 
without lifting the patient. 
shelf (shelf). A shelf-like structure, normal or ab- 
normal, in the body. Blumer's S., a pocket-like 
cavity in the abdomen due to carcinoma, dental 
S., the shelf-like epithelial invagination formed by 
the dental ridge, beneath which the dental papillae 
are formed. 
shell crown. See under crown. 
shell, diffusion. A small sac of semipermeable 
membrane used in the Abderhalden reaction. 
Shellac (shel-ak'). Shell-lac; a variety of lac 
from India, produced on various plants by an 
insect, Coc'cus lac'tis. It is of some use in surgery. 
shell-shock. See under shock. 
Sherbet (sher'bet). The name of various refresh- 
ing, cooling, or medicinal drinks; chiefly used in 
oriental regions. 
Sherrington's law (sher'ing-tonz) [Charles Scott 
Sherrington, contemporary English physiologist]. 
See under law. 
sherry (sher'e) [L. vi'num xer'icum]. _ A variety of 
white or brownish wine from Xeres, in Spain. 
shield (sheld). i. Any protecting tube. 2. The 
metal tube that covers the core of soft iron in 
the primary coil of a faradic battery; by sliding 
or drawing it the current is intensified or dimin- 
ished at will. Buller's S., a watch-glass fitted 
over the eye to guard it from gonorrheal or oph- 
thalmic infection, embryonic s., the dark 
circular field due to cell-proliferation within the 
area pellucida, in which the primitive streak ap- 
pears. nipple-s., a cover to protect the nipple 
SHIELD SIDEROUS 
998 
SIGN 
deposit of an abnormal quantity of iron in the 
• liver: called also iron-liver, urinary s., presence 
of hemosiderin granules in the urine, xenogen- 
ous S., pigmentation with an iron oxid derived 
from a foreign body. 
siderous (sid'er-us) [Gr. albr/pos iron]. Containing 
iron. 
sidonal (sid'on-al). Piperazin quinate, a white 
powder, soluble in water. It is a uric-acid sol- 
vent. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). news.,quinic 
acid anhydrid: used like sidonal. 
Siebold's operation (ze'bolts) [Gaspard von 
Siebold, German surgeon, 1736-1807]. Hebotomy. 
Siegle's otoscope (ze'glez) [Emil Siegle, French 
aurist in Stuttgart, 1833-1900]. See otoscope. 
Sierra salvia, Serra salvia (se-er'ah sal've-ah, 
ser'ah sal've-ah). The plant Artemis'ia fri'gida, 
or mountain sage: antiperiodic. 
sieve (siv). A network of wire, hair, or silk placed 
in a frame and used for sifting. 
Sig., sig. Abbreviation for L. signe'tur, let it be 
labeled. 
sigaultian operation (se-go'she-an) [Jean Rene 
Sigault, French surgeon of the eighteenth century]. 
See operation. 
sigh (si) [L. suspir'i'um], An audible and prolonged 
inspiration, followed by a shortened expiration. 
Sight (sit). 1. The act or faculty of vision. 2. A 
thing seen, day-s., nyctalopia, or night-blind- 
ness. far-s., long-s., hypermetropia. near- 
s., shorts. Same as myopia, night-s., hemer- 
alopia, or day-blindness, old s. Same as 
presbyopia, short-s., myopia. 
sigillative (sig'il-a-tiv) [L. sigil'la mark]. Tend- 
ing to cicatrization. 
sigma r. See under reaction. 
sigmatism (sig'mat-izm) [Gr. criypa. letter s]. The 
incorrect or difficult or too frequent use of the 
s-sound. 
sigmoid (sig'moid) [L. sigmoi'des; Gr. aiypoeibits]. 
Shaped like the letter S, or like the Greek sigma 
(S or C). 
sigmoidectomy (sig-moi-dek'to-me). Excision of 
a portion of the sigmoid flexure of the colon. 
sigmoiditis (sig-moid-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
sigmoid flexure. 
sigmoidopexy (sig-moi'do-peks-e) [sigmoid + Gr. 
fixation]. The operation for rectal prolapse, 
done by making an incision in the lower abdo- 
men, and pulling the sigmoid until the prolapse 
disappears, and then stitching the sigmoid to the 
abdominal wound. 
sigmoidoproctostomy (sig-moid"o-prok-tos'to- 
me) [sigmoid + proctostomy]. The creation of an 
artificial opening at the junction of the sigmoid 
flexure and the rectum. 
sigmoidorectostomy (sig-moi"do-rek-tos'to-me). 
Same as sigmoidoproctostomy. 
sigmoidoscope (sig-moid'o-skop) [sigmoid + Gr. 
crKoneiv to view]. A speculum for examining the 
sigmoid flexure. 
sigmoidoscopy (sig-moid-os'ko-pe). Inspection of 
the sigmoid flexure by the aid of a long specu- 
lum (sigmoidoscope). 
sigmoidostomy (sig-moid-os'to-me) [sigmoid 4- 
Gr. <TTop.a mouth]. The formation of an artificial 
anus in the sigmoid flexure. 
Sigmund's glands (zeg'moonds) [Karl Ludwig 
Sigmund, Austrian physician, 1810-1883]. See 
under gland. 
sign (sin) [L. sig'num], Any objective evidence 
of a disease. Aaron's s., a sensation of pain or 
distress in the epigastric or precordial region on 
pressure over McBurney's point in appendicitis. 
Abadie's s. 1. Spasm of the levator palpe- 
brae superioris muscle; a sign of exophthalmic 
goiter. 2. Insensibility of the Achilles tendon 
to pressure; seen in locomotor ataxia. Abra- 
hams' s., a sound between dull and flat obtained 
on percussion over the acromion process in early 
tuberculosis of the apex of the lung, accessory 
s., assident s., any non-pathognomonic sign of 
disease. Ahlfeld's s., irregular tetanic spasms 
of portions of the uterus after the third month of 
gestation. Allis' S., relaxation of the fascia be- 
tween the crest of the ilium and the greater tro- 
chanter: a sign of fracture of the neck of the 
femur. Andral's s. Same asAndral's decubitus. 
See decubitus. Angelescu's s., a sign of tuber- 
culosis of the vertebrae, consisting in inability to 
bend the spine while lying on the back so as to rest 
on the head and heels alone, antecedent s., any 
precursory indication of an attack of disease, 
anterior tibial s., involuntary extension of the 
tibialis anticus muscle when the thigh is forcibly 
flexed on the abdomen: seen in spastic para- 
plegia. anticus s. See Piotrowski's s. Ar- 
gyll Robertson pupil s. See pupil. Ar- 
no ux's S., a sign of twin pregnancy, consisting 
of a peculiar rhythm in the fetal heart-beat pro- 
duced by the action of the two hearts and resem- 
bling the sound of the hoofs of a pair of trotting 
horses, assident s. Same as accessory s. Auen- 
brugger's s., a bulging of the epigastrium, due 
to extensive pericardial effusion. Aufrecht's 
s., a feeble breathing-sound heard just above the 
jugular fossa: it points to a tracheal stenosis. 
Babes' S., tenderness over the splenic artery 
together with muscular rigidity, indicative of 
aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Babinski's 
s's. i. Loss or lessening of the Achilles tendon 
reflex in sciatica: this distinguishes it from hys- 
teric sciatica. 2. Same as Babinski's reflex. 
See reflex. 3. The patient lies on his back with 
arms folded and alternately flexes and extends the 
trunk on the thigh. The toes gradually separate 
from each other in lesions of the pyramidal tract 
and in hysteric paralysis. 4. In hemiplegia the con- 
traction of the platysma muscle in the healthy side 
is more vigorous than on the affected side, as seen in 
opening the mouth, whistling, blowing, etc. 5. The 
patient lies on the floor, with arms crossed upon 
his chest, and then makes an effort to rise to the 
sitting posture. On the paralyzed side the thigh 
is flexed upon the pelvis and the heel is lifted from 
the ground, while on the healthy side the limb 
does not move. This phenomenon is repeated 
when the patient resumes the lying posture. It 
is seen in organic hemiplegia, but not in hysteric 
hemiplegia. Called also combined flexion phenome- 
non. 6. When the paralyzed forearm is placed in 
supination it turns over to pronation; seen in 
organic paralysis. Called also pronation sign. 
Baccelli's s., aphonic pectoriloquy: a sign 
of pleural effusion. Baillarger's s., inequal- 
ity of the pupils in paralytic dementia. Bal- 
lance's S., resonance of right flank when patient 
lies on his left side: seen in splenic rupture. Bal- 
let's S., ophthalmoplegia externa, with loss of 
all voluntary eye movements, the pupil movements 
and automatic eye movements persisting: seen in 
exophthalmic goiter and hysteria. Bamberger's 
S. 1. Allochiria. 2. Presence of signs of consoli- 
dation at the angle of the scapula, which disappear 
when the patient leans forward: sign of pericardial 
effusion. Barany's s. See Bdrdny's symptom, 
under symptom. Bard's s., in organic nystagmus 
the oscillations of the eye increase as the patient's 
attention follows the finger moved alternately 
from one side to the other; but in congenital 
nystagmus the oscillations disappear in like con- 
dition. Barre's pyramidal s., the patient lies 
face down and the legs are flexed at the knee; 
he is unable to hold the legs in this vertical posi- 
tion if there is disease of the pyramidal tracts. 
Baruch's s., resistance of the temperature 
in the rectum to a bath of 750 F. for fifteen min- 
utes; a sign of typhoid fever. Bassler's s., 
in chronic appendicitis, a sharp pain is caused by 
pinching the appendix between the thumb and the 
iliacus muscle. The procedure is carried out by SIGN 
SIGN 
999 
pressing the tip of the thumb into the abdominal 
wall midway between the umbilicus and the ante- 
rior superior spine of the ilium and then pressing 
to the right. Bastedo's s., the production of 
pain and tenderness in the right iliac fossa (at 
McBurney's point) on inflation of the colon with 
air by means of a rectal tube: seen in latent or 
chronic appendicitis. Battle's s., discoloration 
in the line of the posterior auricular artery, the 
ecchymosis first appearing near the tip of the 
mastoid process: seen in fracture of the base of 
the skull. Beaumes' s., sternalgia; retroster- 
nal pain as an indication of angina pectoris. 
Beccaria's s., a painful sense of pulsation in the 
occiput in pregnancy. Bechterew's s., in 
tabes dorsalis; anesthesia of the popliteal space. 
Becker's s., increase of pulsation in the retinal 
arteries in exophthalmic goiter. Beevor's s., a 
sign of functional paralysis consisting in inability 
of the patient to inhibit the antagonistic muscles. 
Behier-Hardy's s., aphonia in the early stages 
of pulmonary gangrene. Berger's s., an irregu- 
lar-shaped or elliptic pupil in the early stages of 
tabes dorsalis, paralytic dementia, and certain 
paralyses. Bernhardt's s., perverted and pain- 
ful sensations on the outer and anterior surfaces of 
the thigh; experienced in displacement of the exter- 
nal cutaneous nerve. Bezold's S., an inflamma- 
tory swelling below the apex of the mastoid proc- 
ess; an evidence of mastoiditis. Bieg's entotic 
S., when sounds are heard by the patient only when 
spoken through an ear-trumpet, joined by a catheter 
to the eustachian tube, disease of the malleus or 
incus is indicated. Biermer's s. Same as Ger- 
hardt's s. Biernacki's s., analgesia of the 
ulnar nerve in paretic dementia and tabes dor- 
salis. Binda s., a sudden movement of the 
shoulder when the head is passively and sharply 
turned toward the other side; an early sign of 
tuberculous meningitis. Bird's s., a definite zone 
of dulness with absence of the respiratory sounds in 
hydatid disease of the lung. Blecard's S., a sign 
of the maturity of the fetus consisting of a center of 
ossification in the lower epiphysis of the femur. 
Blumberg's s., short acute pain felt by the pa- 
tient when the examiner's hand is pressed over Mc- 
Burney's point and lifted up suddenly; it occurs in 
all forms of peritoneal inflammation. Boas' s., 
lactic acid in the gastric juice in certain cases of 
cancer of the stomach. Bolognini's s., a sen- 
sation of friction observed on alternate pressure 
with the fingers of both hands on the right and 
left sides of the belly: an early indication of 
measles. Bonnet's s., pain on thigh adduction 
in sciatica. Bordier-Frankel's s., an outward 
and upward rolling of the eye in peripheral facial 
paralysis. Borsieri's S., when the finger-nail 
is drawn along the skin in early stages of scarlet 
fever, a white line is left which quickly turns 
red. Boston's s., in exophthalmic goiter, when 
the eyeball is turned downward there is arrest 
of descent of the lid, spasm, and continued de- 
scent. Bouchard's s., a few drops of Fehling's 
solution are added to the urine and the mixture is 
shaken; if pus from the kidney is present, fine 
bubbles will form which push to the surface the 
coagulum formed by heating. Boutillau's S., a 
peculiar tinkling at the right side of the apex-beat 
in hypertrophy of the heart. Bouveret's s., dis- 
tention of the cecum and right iliac fossa in obstruc- 
tion of the large intestine. Bozzolo's S., a visible 
pulsation of the arteries within the nostrils: 
said to indicate aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. 
Brauch-Romberg s. See Romberg's s. Braun - 
Fernwald s. (of pregnancy), a symmetric en- 
largement of the uterus, one side being greater 
than the other, with a longitudinal line or furrow 
separating the two. Braxton-Hicks s. Same 
as Hicks' s. Brenner's s., a metallic rub over 
the twelfth left rib behind when the patient sits up. 
It is seen in perforation of the stomach and is 
caused by bubbles of air collecting between the 
stomach and the diaphragm. Brissaud-Marie 
S., hysteric glossolabial hemispasm. Broadbent's 
s., a retraction seen on the back, near the eleventh 
and twelfth ribs, on the left side, due to pericardial 
adhesion. Brodie's s's. i. A black spot on the 
glans penis: a sign of urinary extravasation into the 
spongiosum. 2. Same as Brodie's pain, see under 
pain. Brown-Sequard's s. Same as Brown-Se- 
quard's paralysis. See under paralysis. Brown's 
dipping crackle s., a fine crackling sound heard 
on placing the stethoscope over the right iliac fossa 
and dipping suddenly with it: heard in intestinal 
perforation in typhoid fever. Brown's gravi- 
tation S., the area of tenderness in the lower 
abdomen is marked out. The patient is then 
turned on the unaffected side. If, in from fifteen 
to thirty minutes, the tenderness has moved one 
or two inches, or if the tenderness and rigidity 
should become marked, immediate operation is 
indicated. Brudzinski's S. 1. In meningitis, 
when the neck of the patient is bent, flexure move- 
ments of the ankle, knee, and hip are produced. 
2. In meningitis, when passive flexion of the 
lower limb on one side is made, a similar movement 
will be seen in the opposite limb: called also 
contralateral reflex. Bruns' S., intermittent 
headache, vertigo, vomiting, etc., on suddenly 
moving the head in cysticercus disease of the 
fourth ventricle. Bryson's s., lessened power 
of expansion of the thorax, sometimes noticed in 
exophthalmic goiter. Burger's s. Same as 
Garel's s. Burghart's s. See under symptom. 
Burton's s., a blue line at the junction of 
the teeth with the gums in chronic lead-poison- 
ing. Cardarelli's s., sidewise movements 
of the trachea in aortic aneurysm, cardiac s., a 
sign of cancer, consisting of marked diminution in 
the area of cardiac dulness when the patient is in 
the recumbent position. Called also Gordon's s. 
cardiorespiratory s., a change in the normal 
pulse-respiration ratio from 4:1 to 2:1; seen 
in infantile scurvy. Castellino's s. See Car- 
darelli's s. Chaddock's s., extension of the 
toes on irritating the skin in the external mal- 
leolar region: seen in lesions of the cortico- 
spinal reflex paths. Called also external mal- 
leolar s. Charcot's s's. 1. The raising of 
the eyebrow in peripheral facial paralysis, and 
the lowering of the same part in facial contraction. 
2. Intermittent limping in arteriosclerosis of the 
legs and feet. Charcot-Vigouroux's s. See 
Vigouroux's s. Chase's s., pain in the cecal 
region, felt when the examiner's hand is passed 
quickly and deeply along the transverse colon 
from left to right, the descending colon being 
closed by pressing deeply with the other hand. 
Chaussier's S., pain in the epigastrium preced- 
ing eclampsia. Cheyne-Stokes' s. See under 
respiration. Chvostek's s., a sudden spasm on 
tapping one side of the face: seen in postoperative 
tetany. Clark's s., obliteration of hepatic 
dulness, due to tympanitic distention of the 
abdomen. Claybrook's s., a sign of rupture of 
the abdominal viscera, consisting in the transmis- 
sion of the sounds of the heart-beat and of respira- 
tion so that they can be heard over the abdomen, 
the transmission of the sounds being due to the 
presence of fluid, exudate, or blood. Cleeman's 
s., creasing of the skin just above the patella, indi- 
cative of fracture of the femur with overriding of 
fragments. Cloquet's needle-s., a clean needle 
is plunged into the biceps muscle; if life be not ex- 
tinct, it soon oxidizes, coin s. Same as coin- 
test. See under test. Cole's s., deformity of the 
duodenal contour as seen in the roentgenogram, 
a sign of the presence of duodenal ulcer, com- 
bined plantar s., the simultaneous disappear- 
ance of the cortical plantar reflex and the spinal 
plantar reflex: seen in hysteria. Comby's s., 
whitish patches on the buccal mucosa and the 
gums: an early sign of measles, commemora- 
tive s., any sign of a previous disease, contra- 
lateral s. See Brudzinski's s. (2d def.). Coop- 
ernail's S., ecchymosis on the perineum and SIGN 
SIGN 
scrotum or labia: a sign of fracture of the pelvis. 
Corrigan's s. 1. A purple line at the junction 
of the teeth with the gum in chronic copper- 
poisoning. 2. A peculiar expanding pulsation 
indicative of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. 
See also Corrigan's pulse, under pulse, coughing 
S. See Huntington's s. Courvoisier's s., a 
much-distended gall-bladder from obstruction of 
the common duct indicates tumor rather than 
calculus. Crichton-Browne's s., tremor of 
the outer angles of the eyes and of the labial 
commissures in the earlier stages of paretic de- 
mentia. Cullen's S., discoloration of the skin 
about the umbilicus, regarded as a sign of ruptured 
extra-uterine pregnancy. Dalrymple ' s S., abnor- 
mal wideness of the palpebral opening in exophthal- 
mic goiter. Damoisseau ' s s. Same as Ellis' line, 
under line. Dance's s., depression in the right 
iliac region in intussusception. Davidsohn's s., 
the reflection of light through the pupil in transil- 
lumination; seen in health. Davis' S., an empty 
state and a yellowish or pale tint of the pulseless 
arteries; a sign of death. Dawbarn's s., in acute 
subacromial bursitis, when the arm hangs by the 
side palpation over the bursa causes pain, but when 
the arm is abducted this pain disappears, de la 
Camp's S., relative dulness over and to both sides 
of the fifth and sixth vertebrae in tuberculosis of the 
bronchial lymph-nodes. Delbert's s., in aneu- 
rysm of the main artery of a limb, if the nutrition of 
the part distal to the aneurysm is maintained, al- 
though the pulse may have disappeared, the col- 
lateral circulation is efficient. Demarquay's s., 
fixation or lowering of the larynx during phonation 
and deglutition; a sign of syphilis of the trachea, 
de Mussy's s., the presence in the left hypo- 
chondriac region of a spot intensely painful on 
pressure: an indication of diaphragmatic pleur- 
isy. Desault's S., a sign of intracapsular 
fracture of the femur, consisting of alteration 
of the arc described by rotation of the great 
trochanter, which normally describes the segment 
of a circle, but in this fracture rotates only as 
the apex of the femur as it rotates about its own axis. 
D'Espine' s s. (1889). 1. In the normal person, on 
auscultation over the spinous processes, pectorilo- 
quy ceases at the bifurcation of the trachea, and in 
infants opposite the seventh cervical vertebra. 
If pectoriloquy is heard lower than this it indicates 
enlargement of the bronchial lymph-nodes. 2. In 
pulmonary tuberculosis the bronchophony over the 
spinous processes is heard at a lower level than in 
health. Dewees' s., expectoration of tough 
whitish mucus by a pregnant woman. Dixon 
Mann's s. See Mann's s. Dorendorf's s., 
fulness of the supraclavicular groove on one side in 
aneurysm of the aortic arch. Douglas' s. See 
Douglas' cry, under cry. Drummond's s., a 
whiff heard at the open mouth during respiration 
in cases of aortic aneurysm. Duchenne's S., the 
sinking in of the epigastrium on inspiration in 
paralysis of the diaphragm or in certain cases of 
hydropericardium. Duckworth's s., seemingly 
complete stoppage of respiration several hours 
before stoppage of the heart-beat; seen in condi- 
tions of intracranial pressure, duct S., a red spot 
seen at the orifice of Steno's duct in mumps. 
Duga's S., inability to place the hand on the 
shoulder of the other side while the elbow rests 
on the chest; seen in shoulder dislocation. Dun- 
can-Bird's s. Same as Bird's s. Dupuytren's 
S. 1. A crackling sensation on pressure over a sar- 
comatous bone. 2. In congenital dislocation of the 
head of the femur there is a free up-and-down move- 
ment of the head of the bone. Duroziez's s. 
Same as Duroziez's murmur (q. v. under murmur). 
echo-s., the repetition of the last word or clause of 
a sentence; seen in certain brain diseases. El- 
liot's S., induration of the edge of a syphilitic 
skin lesion. Ellis' S., the peculiar curved line of 
dulness discoverable during resorption of a pleuritic 
exudate. Erb's s. 1. Increased electric irritabil- 
ity of motor nerves in cases of tetany. 2. D ulness in 
1000 
percussion over the manubrium of the sternum in 
acromegalia. Erichsen's s., when the iliac 
bones are sharply pressed toward each other, pain 
is felt in sacro-iliac disease, but not in hip disease. 
Erni's s., the cavernous tympany developed over 
an apical cavity that has previously been filled 
with fluid. Sometimes gently rapping over such 
a filled cavity with a hard instrument will excite 
coughing, which expels the secretion, and thus 
the cavernous signs are developed. Eustace 
Smith's s. Same as Smith's s. Ewart's s., 
undue prominence of the upper border of the first 
rib in certain cases of pericardial effusion. 
Ewing's S., percussion dulness at the inner side 
of the angle of the left scapula, indicating an ac- 
cumulation of fluid in the pericardium behind the 
heart, external malleolar s. See Chaddock's 
s. extinction s., extinction of the eruption over 
an area about the size of the palm when normal 
human serum is injected intracutaneously; char- 
acteristic of the eruption of scarlet fever, fabere 
s. See Patrick's test, under tests. Faget's 
S. (i860), a fall in the pulse-rate while the fever 
remains high or rises; seen in yellow fever. 
Fajersztajn's crossed sciatic s., in sciatica, 
when the leg is flexed, the hip can also be flexed, but 
not if the leg be held straight; flexing sound thigh 
with leg straight causes pain on affected side, 
fan s., spreading of the toes apart following the 
stroking of the sole of the foot with a dull needle. 
It forms part of the Babinski reflex. Fede- 
rici's s., on auscultating the abdomen the 
heart-sounds can be heard in cases of intestinal 
perforation with gas in the peritoneal cavity. 
Filipovitch's s., the yellow discoloration of 
prominent parts of the palms and soles in typhoid 
fever. Fischer's s., on auscultation over the 
manubrium with the patient's head bent backward 
there is sometimes heard, in tuberculosis of the 
bronchial glands, a murmur due to pressure of the 
glands on the anonymous veins. Fisher's s., a 
presystolic murmur in certain cases of adherent 
pericardium. Flint's s., Flint's murmur. See 
under murmur. Flora's s., a sign of neurasthenia 
consisting in defective tetanic response to pro- 
longed faradic stimulation of the muscles alleged 
to be affected, flush-tank s., the passage of 
a large amount of urine and the coincident tem- 
porary disappearance of a lumbar swelling: a 
sign of hydronephrosis. Forchheimer's s., the 
presence of a reddish eruption on the soft palate 
in measles, formication s. See Tinel's s. 
Fournier's s., the sharp delimitation charac- 
teristic of a syphilitic skin lesion. Francke's s., 
deep tenderness over the apex of the lung behind. 
Frankel's s., diminished tonicity of the hip- 
joint muscles in tabes dorsalis. Friedreich's s., 
diastolic collapse of the cervical veins due to ad- 
herent pericardium. Fiirbringer's s., in cases 
of subphrenic abscess the respiratory movements 
will be transmitted to a needle inserted into the ab- 
scess, which is thus distinguished from abscess above 
the diaphragm. Gangolphe's s., a serosanguin- 
eous abdominal effusion in strangulated hernia. 
Garel's s., absence of light perception on the af- 
fected side of the antrum of Highmore on electric 
transillumination; seen in diseases of the antrum of 
Highmore. Gerhardt's s. 1. The absence of 
laryngeal movements in dyspnea due to aneurysm 
of the aorta. 2. Change of percussion sound on 
change of the patient's position; seen in pneumo- 
thorax and in pulmonary tuberculosis. Gifford's 
S., inability to evert the upper lid; seen in exoph- 
thalmic goiter. Glasgow's s., a systolic sound in 
the brachial artery in latent aneurysm of the aorta. 
Goggia's S., in health, the fibrillary contraction 
produced by striking and then pinching the brachial 
biceps extends throughout the whole muscle: in 
debilitating disease, such as typhoid fever, the 
contraction is local. Golden's s., paleness of 
the cervix uteri: regarded as a sign of tubal preg- 
nancy. Golonbov ' s s., tenderness on percussion 
over the tibia in chlorosis. Gordon's s. 1. SIGN 
SIGN 
Same as Souque's phenomenon. 2. See cardiac s. 
Gould's bowed-head s., the bowing of the head 
in walking to see the ground in any destructive dis- 
ease of the peripheral portion of the retina: this act 
brings the image upon the functioning part of the 
retina. Gowers' s., abrupt intermittent oscillation 
of the iris under the influence of light: seen in cer- 
tain stages of tabes dorsalis. Graefe's s., failure 
of the eyeball to move downward promptly and 
evenly with the upper fid in looking downward, in- 
stead it moves tardily and jerkingly; seen in exoph- 
thalmic goiter. Grancher's s., equality of pitch 
between expiratory and inspiratory murmurs; a 
sign of obstruction to expiration. Grasset's s. 
See Grasset's phenomenon, under phenomenon. 
Greene's s., outward displacement of the free 
cardiac border by the expiratory movement in pleu- 
ritic effusion. It is detected by percussion. Grie- 
singer's s., edematous swelling behind the mas- 
toid process; seen in thrombosis of the transverse 
sinus. Grisolle s., if, on stretching an affected 
portion of the skin, the papule becomes impalpable 
to the touch, the eruption is caused by measles; if, 
on the contrary, the papule can still be felt, the 
eruption is one of smallpox. Grocco's s. 1. 
A sign of pleural effusion consisting in the pres- 
ence of a triangular area of dulness (Grocco's 
triangle) on the back, on the side opposite to 
that on which the effusion is present. Called 
also Grocco's triangle and Grocco's triangular 
dulness. 2. Acute dilatation of the heart produced 
by muscular effort in the early stages of exoph- 
thalmic goiter. 3. Extension of the liver dulness to 
the left of the midspinal line, indicating enlarge- 
ment of the organ. Grossman's s., dilatation of 
the heart as a sign of early pulmonary tuber- 
culosis. Gubler's s., a swelling on the wrist 
in lead-poisoning. Giinzberg's s., a reso- 
nant area between the gall-bladder and the py- 
lorus with localized borborygmi; seen in duo- 
denal ulcer. Guttmann's s., a humming 
sound heard over the thyroid in exophthalmic 
goiter. Guye's s., aprosexia in children with 
adenoids. Guyon's s., the ballottement and 
palpation of a floating kidney. Hahn's s., per- 
sistent rotation of the head from side to side 
in cerebellar disease of childhood. Hall's S., a 
tracheal diastolic shock sometimes felt in aneurysm 
of the aorta. Haudek's s., a diverticular pro- 
jecting shadow in radiographs of penetrating gas- 
tric ulcer, due to settlement of bismuth in patho- 
logical niches of the stomach wall; not possible 
in flat ulcer (1910). Called also Haudek's niche. 
Heberden's s's, nodes on the sides of the dis- 
tal phalanges of the fingers, commonly ascribed 
to gout. Hegar's s., softening of the lower 
segment of the uterus: an indication of preg- 
nancy. Heilbronner's s., Heilbronner's thigh. 
See thigh. Heim-Kreysig's s., a depression of 
the intercostal spaces occurring along with the car- 
diac systole in adherent pericarditis. He Hat's 
S., in mastoid suppuration a tuning-fork placed on 
the diseased area is heard for a shorter time than 
when placed on any other part. Hennebert's 
S., in the labyrinthitis of congenital syphilis, 
compression of the air in the external auditory 
canal produces a rotary nystagmus to the dis- 
eased side; rarefaction of the air in the canal 
produces a nystagmus to the opposite side. Called 
also pneumatic sign or test. Hernig-Lommel 
S., respiratory arhythmia. See arhythmia. Hert- 
zel's S., if in the normal person the circulation of 
both legs and one arm is entirely stopped by pneu- 
matic pressure, the blood-pressure in the other arm 
rises about 5 mm. Hg. In arteriosclerosis, however, 
there is a rise as high as 60 mm. Hg. Heryng's s., 
an infra-orbital shadow produced by pus in the max- 
illary antrum and observable by electric illumina- 
tion of the buccal cavity. Hicks' s., intermittent 
contraction of the uterus after the third month of 
pregnancy; it may also be caused by a uterine tu- 
mor. Hochsinger's s., indicanuria in the tuber- 
culosis of childhood. Hoffmann's s. 1. Increased 
1001 
mechanic irritability of the sensory nerves in tetany. 
2. A sudden nipping of the nail of the index, middle, 
or ring finger produces flexion of the terminal 
phalanx of the thumb and of the second and third 
phalanx of some other finger. Called also digital re- 
flex. Hoover's s., in the normal state or in genu- 
ine paralysis, if the patient, lying on a couch, is di- 
rected to press the leg against the couch, there will 
be a lifting movement seen in the other leg. This 
phenomenon is absent in hysteria and malingering. 
Hope's S., double heart-beat in aortic aneurysm. 
Howship-Romberg's s. See Romberg-Howship's 
s. Huchard'ss. i. When a change from a stand- 
ing to a recumbent posture is not followed by a 
diminution of the pulse-rate, it is a sign of arterial 
hypertension. 2. Paradoxic percussion resonance 
in pulmonary edema. Hueter's s., the absence 
of the transmission of osseous vibration in cases of 
fracture with fibrous material interposed between 
the fragments. Huntington's s., the patient is 
recumbent, with his legs hanging over the edge of a 
table, and is told to cough. If the coughing pro- 
duces flexion of the thigh and extension of the leg 
in the paralyzed limb, it indicates lesion in the pal- 
liospinal path. Hutchinson's s's. 1. Intersti- 
tial keratitis and a dull-red discoloration of the cor- 
nea in inherited syphilis. 2. See teeth, Hutchinson's. 
3. Hutchinson's trio: interstitial keratitis, notched 
teeth, and otitis occurring together in inherited 
syphilis. Itard-Cholewa's s., anesthesia of the 
tympanic membrane in otosclerosis. Jaccoud's 
S., prominence of the aorta in the suprasternal 
notch: an indication of leukemia. Jackson's s. 
1. Of cardiac failure: a discrepancy between the 
pulse-rate and that of the heart-beat. 2. Pro- 
longation of the sound of expiration over the 
part of the lung affected with tuberculosis 
(Chevalier Jackson). See asthmatoid wheeze, under 
wheeze. Jacquemier ' s s., a violet colored spot on 
the mucous membrane of the vagina just below the 
urethral orifice, seen after the fourth week of preg- 
nancy. Jadelot's s's. See Jadelot's line, 
under line. Jellyneck's s., the brownish pig- 
mentation which occurs in many cases of hyper- 
thyroidism. Joffroy's S., absence of facial con- 
traction of exophthalmic goiter when the patient 
suddenly turns his eye upward. Johnson's s., 
alterations of color of the vaginal cervix from vio- 
let to pink, with alterations of consistence from 
hard to soft: a sign of early pregnancy. Joris- 
senne's s., non-acceleration of the pulse on 
changing from a horizontal to the erect posi- 
tion: a sign of pregnancy. Josseraud's s., 
a loud metallic sound heard over the pulmonic 
area in acute pericarditis. Jurgensen's s., 
delicate crepitation of pleural tubercles some- 
times heard in auscultation in acute pneumonic 
phthisis. Karplus' s., a modification of the vocal 
resonance, in which, on auscultation over a pleural 
effusion, the vowel u spoken by the patient is heard 
as a. Keen's s., increased diameter of the 
leg at the malleoli in Pott's fracture of the fibula. 
Kehr's s., severe pain in the left shoulder in some- 
cases of rupture of the spleen. Kellock's s., in- 
crease of the vibration of the ribs on sharp percus- 
sion with the right hand, the left hand being placed 
firmly on the thorax under the nipple: a sign of 
pleural effusion. Kernig's s's. 1. In the dorsal 
decubitus the patient can easily and completely ex- 
tend the leg; in the sitting posture or when lying 
with the thigh flexed upon the abdomen the leg can- 
not be completely extended: it is a sign of meningitis.. 
2. Hypertonia, kink S., tenderness on a line join- 
ing the umbilicus and the center of Poupart's liga- 
ment: indicative of ileal kink. Kocher's s. See- 
Kocher's symptom under symptom. Koplik's S., 
the appearance of a crop of buccal macules, consist- 
ing of small, dark-red spots surrounded by minute 
white specks; seen in the prodromal stage of measles. 
Koranyi's s. Same as Grocco's s. Krey- 
sig's s. See Heim-Kreysig's s. Krisowski's 
S., cicatricial lines which radiate from the mouth in 
inherited syphilis. Kussmaul's s., overful- SIGN 
SIGN 
ness of the jugular veins on inspiration, seen 
in mediastinopericarditis and mediastinal tumor. 
Kuster's s., a cystic tumor on the median line an- 
terior to the uterus in cases of ovarian dermoids. 
Labordes's. Same as Cloquet's needle s. Laen- 
nec's S., the occurrence of rounded, gelatinous 
masses (Laennec's perles) in the sputum of bron- 
chial asthma. Landolfi's s., systolic contraction 
of the pupil and diastolic dilatation, seen in aortic 
insufficiency. Landou's s., inability to grasp 
the uterus bimanually in the presence of slight 
ascites. Langoria's s., relaxation of the ex- 
tensor muscles of the thigh: a symptom of intra- 
capsular fracture of the femur. Larcher's s., 
grayish, cloudy discolorations of the conjunc- 
tivae that are speedily blackened: a sign of death. 
Lasegue's S., in sciatica, flexion of the thigh 
upon the hip is painless; and when the knee is 
bent, such flexion is easily made: this distinguishes 
the case from hip-joint disease. Laugier's S., 
a condition in which the styloid process of the 
radius and of the ulna are on the same level: seen 
in fracture of the lower part of the radius. Leb- 
hardt's s. Same as Jacquemin's s. leg s. 
i. See Schlesinger's s. 2. See Neri's s. Legen- 
dre's S., greater resistance on the unaffected side 
in the closed eyelid to its being raised by the ex- 
aminer's finger, in facial hemiplegia. Leichten- 
stern's s., in cerebrospinal meningitis, tapping 
lightly any bone of the extremities causes the pa- 
tient to wince suddenly. Lennhoff 's s., a furrow 
appearing on deep inspiration below the lowest rib 
and above an echinococcus cyst of the liver. Le- 
sieur's s., impaired resonance over the right lower 
thorax posteriorly, occurring in typhoid fever. 
Lesieur-Privey s. Same as albuminoreaction. 
Leudet's s. Same as bruit de Leudet. Levas- 
seur's s., the failure of the scarificator and cup- 
ping-glass to draw blood: a sign of death. Lich- 
theim's s., in subcortical aphasia, although the 
patient cannot speak, he is able to indicate with his 
fingers the number of syllables in the word he is 
thinking of. ligature s.„ in hematuria, the de- 
velopment of ecchymoses in the distal part of a 
limb to which a ligature has been applied. Lit- 
ten's s. See phenomenon, diaphragmatic. Li- 
vierato's S., the abdominocardiac reflex. See un- 
der reflex. Lloyd's s., a symptom of renal cal- 
culus, consisting of pain in the loin on deep percus- 
sion over the kidney, even when pressure causes no 
pain. Lombardi's s., the appearance of venous 
varicosities in the region of the spinous processes of 
the seventh cervical and first three thoracic ver- 
tebrae ; seen in early pulmonary tuberculosis. Called 
also varicose zone of warning. Lorens' s., anky- 
lotic rigidity of the spinal column, especially of the 
thoracic and lumbar segments: sometimes seen in 
incipient phthisis. Lowy's S., marked dilata- 
tion of the pupil on the instillation of adrena- 
lin into the conjunctival sac: seen in pancreatic 
insufficiency. Lucas' s., distention of the 
abdomen in the early stages of rickets. Lud- 
loff's S., swelling and ecchymosis at the base of 
Scarpa's triangle together with inability to raise 
the thigh when in a sitting posture, a sign of trau- 
matic separation of the epiphysis of the great tro- 
chanter. Mace wen's s., on percussion of the 
skull behind the junction of the frontal, temporal, 
and parietal bones, there is a more resonant note 
than normal in internal hydrocephalus and cerebral 
abscess. Magendie-Hertwig's s., deviation of 
the eye in which one eye is directed higher than the 
other. Magnan's s., a sensation as of foreign 
bodies being under the skin: seen in users of cocain. 
Magnus' s., after death the light ligation of a 
finger causes no visible change in its distal portion. 
Mahler's s., a steady increase of pulse-rate with- 
out corresponding elevation of temperature: seen in 
thrombosis. Maisonneuve's s., marked hyper- 
extensibility of the hand: a symptom of Colles' 
fracture. Mann's s., lessened resistance of the 
scalp to a constant electric current: seen in certain 
traumatic neuroses. Mannaberg's s., accentu- 
1002 
ation of the second sound of the heart in abdom- 
inal disease, especially appendicitis. Mannkopf's 
S., increase in the frequency of the pulse on pres- 
sure: not present in simulated pain. Mannkopf - 
Rumpf s. Same as Mannkopf s s. Maranon's 
S., a vasomotor reaction following stimulation of 
the skin over the throat; seen in exophthalmic 
goiter. Marie's s., tremor of the body or extrem- 
ities in exophthalmic goiter. Marie-Foix s., 
withdrawal of lower leg on transverse pressure of 
tarsus or forced flexion of toes, even when the leg is 
incapable of voluntary movement. Masini's s., 
marked dorsal extension of the fingers and toes in 
mentally unstable children. Mathieu's s., a 
splashing sound heard on rapid percussion in the 
region about the umbilicus in complete intestinal 
obstruction. Mayo's s., relaxation of the mus- 
cles controlling the lower jaw, indicative of 
profound anesthesia. Mayor's s., the sound 
of the fetal heart-beat in pregnancy. Mc- 
Burney's S., tenderness at a point midway 
between the umbilicus and the anterior superior 
spine of the ilium: it is seen in appendicitis. 
McClintock's s., a pulse-rate exceeding 
ioo an hour or more after childbirth. It points 
to postpartum hemorrhage. Meltzer's s. 
i. Loss of the normal second sound, heard on 
auscultation of the heart after swallowing: symp- 
tomatic of occlusion or contraction of the lower 
part of the esophagus. 2. Pain on active flexion 
of the hip, with the knee extended, while the ex- 
aminer presses firmly down over McBurney's point: 
seen in appendicitis. Mendel's S., an area on the 
epigastrium about the size of a half dollar, tender 
to percussion: occurring in gastric and duodenal 
ulcer. Mendel-Bechterew's s. 1. Bechterew's 
pupil reflex. 2. Flexion of small toes on percussion 
with hammer of dorsal surface of cuboid bone: a 
sign of organic hemiplegia. Meunier's s., daily 
loss of weight in measles, following the incubative 
stage and preceding the eruptive stage. Meyer's 
S., formication of the hands and feet in the erup- 
tive stage of scarlet fever. Milian's s., in sub- 
cutaneous inflammation of the head and face the 
ears are not involved, but in skin diseases they are. 
Mirchamp's s., a sign of mumps, when a sapid 
substance, such as vinegar, is applied to the mucous 
membrane of the tongue, a painful reflex secretion 
of saliva in the gland about to be affected. Mo- 
bius' S., inability to keep the eyeballs converged 
in exophthalmic goiter: due to insufficiency of the 
internal recti muscles. Monteverde's s., failure 
of any response to the subcutaneous injection of 
ammonia: a sign of death. Moskowicz's s., a 
sign of vascular gangrene. On making a circular 
compression of the base of the limbs by elastic 
bands, and then, after a few minutes, releasing the 
pressure, the skin, which has been rendered anemic, 
will become red. If the limbs are healthy the red- 
ness appears with the same intensity and rapidity 
on each side. On a gangrenous limb there is usually 
a slower and less extensive hyperemia than on a 
healthy one. Muller's s., a sign of aortic insuffi- 
ciency, consisting of pulsation of the uvula and 
redness of the tonsils and velum palati, occurring 
synchronously with the action of the heart. Mur- 
phy's s., a sign of gall-bladder disease, con- 
sisting of inability of the patient to take a deep 
inspiration when the physician's fingers are 
hooked up deep beneath the right costal arch, 
below the hepatic margin. Musset's S., 
rhythmic jerking movement of the head, seen in 
cases of aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency. 
Naunyn's s., a sign of cholecystitis, consisting 
in deep tenderness when, at the end of a full inspi- 
ration, the examiner's fingers are thrust upward 
beneath the costal arch at the outer limit of the 
right epigastrium, neck s. Same as Brud- 
zinski's s. (1st def.). Neri's S., a sign of or- 
ganic hemiplegia, consisting in the spontaneous 
bending of the knee of the affected side as the 
leg is passively lifted, the patient being in the 
dorsal position, niche s., Haudek's sign. SIGN 
1003 
SIGN 
Nikolsky's S., a condition in which the outer 
layer of the skin is easily rubbed off by slight 
injury. Nothnagel's s., paralysis of the 
facial muscles, especially in respect of move- 
ments connected with the emotions: observed 
in cases of tumor of the thalamus, objec- 
tive S., one that can be seen, heard, or felt 
by the diagnostician. Called also physical 
s. Oliver's s., tracheal tugging: a sign of an- 
eurysm of the aorta. Oliver-Cardarelli's 
s., Olshausen's s., when a tumor is found in 
young unmarried women lying anterior to the 
uterus it is likely to be a dermoid cyst. Ona- 
noff's s., Onanoff's reflex. See reflex. Oppen- 
heim's S., contraction of the tibialis anticus, ex- 
tensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum commu- 
nis, and sometimes of the peroneal muscles on strok- 
ing the median surface of the leg at the posterior 
margin of the tibia from above downward: seen in 
spastic conditions of the lower extremities. Op- 
polzer's s., in serofibrinous pericarditis palpation 
shows that the seat of the apex-beat changes with 
the posture of the patient, orbicularis s., in hem- 
iplegia, inability to close the eye on the paralyzed 
side without closing the other. Osler'u s., small, 
painful, erythematous swellings in the skin of the 
hands and feet in malignant endocarditis, palmo - 
plantars. S^Filipovitch's s. Parkinson's s., 
an immobile, mask-like expression in paralysis agi- 
tans. Parrot's s's. 1. Dilatation of the pupil on 
pinching the skin of the neck: seen in meningitis. 
2. Bony nodes on the outer table of the skull 
of infants with inherited syphilis. Pastia's s., 
transverse lines, usually two or three, in the fold 
of the elbow in scarlet fever. They are rose-red 
at first, but later turn dark red or wine colored. 
They are visible before the appearance of the 
rash, remain through the eruptive stage, and 
continue after desquamation. Paul's s., fee- 
bleness of the apex-beat, with forcible impulse 
over the rest of the heart: indicative of peri- 
cardial adhesions. Perez's s., a friction-sound 
heard over the sternum when the patient raises 
and drops his arms: a sign of mediastinal tumor 
or of aneurysm of the arch of the aorta. 
Pfuhl's S., inspiration increases the force of flow 
in paracentesis in the case of subphrenic abscess, 
but lessens it in the case of pyopneumothorax. 
This distinction is lost when the diaphragm is paral- 
yzed. Pfuhl-Jaffe's s., in pyopneumothorax the 
liquid issues from the exploratory puncture or 
incision with considerable force during inspira- 
tion: in true pneumothorax during expiration, 
physical s. Same as objective s. Pilcz's s., 
the Westphal-Pilcz phenomenon. Pinard's s., 
a sharp pain on pressure over the fundus uteri: 
after the sixth month of pregnancy a sign of 
breech. presentation. Pins' s., a sign seen 
in pericarditis, consisting of disappearance of 
the symptoms that simulate pleurisy when the 
patient is placed in the knee-chest position. 
Piotrowski's s., percussion of the tibialis muscle 
produces dorsal flexion and supination of the foot. 
When this reflex is excessive it indicates organic dis- 
ease of the central nervous system. Called also 
anticus reflex. Pitres' s's. 1. Hyperesthesia of 
the scrotum and testes in tabes dorsalis. 2. An- 
terior deviation of the sternum in pleuritic effusion, 
plumb-line s., the estimation in sternal displace- 
ment by a plumb-line in the diagnosis of pleuritic 
effusion, pneumatic S. See Hennebert's s. 
Pool-Schlesinger s., spasm of the extensor 
muscles of the knee and of the muscles of the 
calf in tetany. See Schlesinger's s. Por- 
ter's s. Same as Oliver's s. Potain's s., 
extension of percussion dulness in dilatation 
of the aorta from the manubrium to the third 
costal cartilage on the right-hand side. Pot- 
tenger's s. 1. Intercostal muscle rigidity on 
palpation in pulmonary and pleural inflammatory 
conditions. 2. Different degrees of resistance on 
light touch palpation, noted (1) over solid organs 
when compared with hollow organs; (2) over foci of 
disease in the lungs and pleura when compared 
with that over normal organs. Prat's s., mus- 
cular rigidity as a sign of gangrene or necrosis in 
wounds, and as an indication for operation. Pre- 
vost's S., conjugate deviation of the head and 
eyes, the eyes looking toward the affected hemi- 
sphere and away from the palsied extremities: seen 
in hemiplegia, pronation s. See Babinski's s. 
(5th def.). pseudo-Graef's s., slow de- 
scent of the upper lid on looking down, and quick 
ascent on looking up: seen in conditions other 
than exophthalmic goiter. Putnam's s., length- 
ening of the leg in hysteric hip disease, pyra- 
midal s. See Barre's pyramidal s. Quant's 
S., a T-shaped depression in the occipital bone, 
sometimes seen in rickets. Quenu-Muret s., 
in aneurysm, the main artery of the limb is com- 
pressed and then a puncture is made at the per- 
iphery: if blood flows, the collateral circulation is 
probably established. Quincke's s., a blanching 
of the finger-nails at each diastole of the heart: seen 
in aortic insufficiency. Quinquaud's s., tremb- 
ling of patient's fingers, felt when his fingers, 
spread apart, are placed vertically in the palm of 
the examiner's hand: said to be a sign of alco- 
holism. radia'lis s. See Strumpell's s., 3d def. 
Ramond's s., rigidity of the erector spinae 
muscle indicative of pleurisy with effusion. The 
rigidity relaxes when the effusion becomes puru- 
lent. Rasch's s., fluctuation of the liquor am- 
nii obtained as by ballottement in early preg- 
nancy. Raynaud's s. Same as acro-asphyxia. 
Reder's s., a tender point on the right side 
above O'Beirne's sphincter: seen in appendicitis. 
Remak's s., a double sensation caused by prick- 
ing with a needle in tabes dorsalis. Reusner's 
s., increased volume of the pulse in the uterine 
arreries, perceptible in Douglas' culdesac in the 
fourth month of pregnancy and later. Revilliod's 
s., inability to close the eye on the affected side 
in paralysis of the superior facial nerve. Rich- 
ardson's S., the application of a tight fillet to 
the arm as a test of death: if life be present, the veins 
on the distal side of the fillet become more or less 
distended. Riess' S., on listening over the 
stomach in some cases of adherent pericardium, 
the heart-sounds are heard loud and metallic in 
quality. Rinman's s., the appearance in early 
pregnancy of cord-like radiations proceeding 
from the nipple. Ripault's s., external pressure 
upon the eye during life causes only a temporary 
change in the normal roundness of the pupil; 
but after death the change so caused may be 
permanent. Ritter-Rollet s., flexion of the 
foot on gentle electric stimulation; extension on 
energetic stimulation. Riviere's s., an area of 
change in percussion note denoting a band of in- 
creased density across the back at the plane of 
of the spinous processes of the fifth, sixth, and 
seventh dorsal vertebrae: a sign of pulmonary 
tuberculosis. Romberg's S., swaying of the 
body when standing with the feet close together 
and the eyes closed: a sign of locomotor ataxia. 
Called also Brauch-Romberg's s. Romberg- 
Howship's S., lancinating pains in the leg 
occurring in incarcerated obturator hernia. 
Rommelaere's s., an abnormally small propor- 
tion of normal phosphates and of sodium chlorid in 
the urine of the cancerous cachexia. Rosen- 
bach's s's. 1. Absence of the abdominal reflex 
in inflammatory disease of the intestines. 2. 
Absence of a reflex in pinching the skin of the abdo- 
men on the paralyzed side in hemiplegia. 3. 
Tremor of the eyelids in exophthalmic goiter. 4. 
Inability to close the eyes immediately on com- 
mand: seen in neurasthenia. Rosenheim's 
S., a friction-sound in the left hypochondrium: 
a sign of perigastritis. Rosenthal's s., 
stabbing and burning pain caused by a faradic 
current applied to the spinal column: a sign 
of spondylitis. Roser-Braun's s., absence of 
dural pulsation: a sign of cerebral tumor or abscess. 
Rossolimo's s., Rossolimo's reflex. See reflex. SIGN 
SIGN 
Rotch's S., dulness on percussion of the right 
fifth intercostal space: a sign of pericardial effusion. 
Roth's S., percussional dulness between the fifth 
and sixth costal cartilages. It is due to either tri- 
cuspid stenosis and dilatation of the right auricle 
or to a pericardial effusion. Rothschild's s. 
1. Preternatural flattening and mobility of the 
sternal angle: seen in phthisis. 2. Rarefaction 
of the outer third of the eyebrows in thyroid 
inadequacy. Roussel's s., sharp pain on 
light percussion on the subclavicular region, 
between the clavicle and fourth rib: a sign of 
incipient tuberculosis. Rovighi's S., a fremi- 
tus felt on percussion and palpation of a super- 
ficial hepatic hydatid. Rovsing's S., pressure on 
the left side over the point corresponding to Mc- 
Burney's point will elicit the typical pain at Mc- 
Burney's point in appendicitis, but not in other 
abdominal affections. Rumpel-Leede s. See 
Rumpel-Leede phenomenon, under phenomenon. 
Rumpf's S. 1. Alternating fibrillary and tonic 
contractions after the cessation of strong faradiza- 
tion: seen in traumatic neuroses. Called also 
Rumpf's traumatic reaction. 2. Quickening of the 
pulse on pressure over a painful point: seen in 
neurasthenia. Rust's S., in caries or malignant 
disease of the cervical vertebrae the patient sup- 
ports his head with his hands while moving the 
body. Saenger's S., a light reflex of the pupil 
that has ceased returns after a short stay in the 
dark, in cerebral syphilis, but not in tabes dorsalis. 
Sanders' s., an undulating cardiac impulse, 
especially at the epigastrium: a sign of pericar- 
dial adhesion. Sansom's s's. 1. Marked in- 
crease of the area of dulness in the second and 
third intercostal spaces, due to pericardial effu- 
sion. 2. A rhythmic murmur heard with a 
stethoscope applied to the lips in aneurysm of 
the thoracic aorta. Sarbo's s., analgesia of the 
peroneal nerve: sometimes noticed in locomotor 
ataxia. Schapiro's s., no slowing of the pulse- 
rate on lying down: indicative of weakness of the 
heart-muscle. Schepelmann's s., in dry 
pleurisy the pain is increased when the patient 
bends his body toward the well side, whereas in 
intercostal neuralgia it is increased by bending to- 
ward the affected side. Schick's s., stridor 
heard on expiration in an infant with tuberculosis of 
the bronchial glands. Schlange's s., di- 
latation above and absence of peristalsis be- 
low the point of obstruction in intestinal obstruc- 
tion. Schlesinger's s., in tetany, if the 
patient's leg is held at the knee-joint and flexed 
strongly at the hip-joint, there will follow with- 
in a short time an extensor spasm at the knee- 
joint, with extreme supination of the foot. Called 
also leg phenomenon and Pool's phenomenon. 
Schlunge's s., lack of peristalsis below the 
seat of intestinal obstruction, with dilatation 
above it. Schiile's s., the omega melancholium. 
Schultze's S. 1. Same as Chvostek's s. 2. See 
tongue phenomenon, under phenomenon. Seelig- 
miiller's s., mydriasis on the side of the face 
affected with neuralgia. Seguin's s., contraction 
of the muscles preceding an epileptic attack, and 
giving warning of its approach. Seitz's s., 
bronchial inspiration which begins harshly and 
then becomes faint: indicative of a cavity in the 
lung. Semon's S., impairment of the mobility 
of the vocal cords in malignant disease of the 
larynx. Shelly's S., a sago-like eruption on 
the palate and lips in influenza. Shibley's S., in 
the presence of consolidation of the lung or a collec- 
tion of fluid in the pleural cavity, all spoken vowels 
come through the stethoscope to the ear of the 
examiner as "ah." Sicar's S., a metallic res- 
onance on percussion with two coins on the front 
of the chest and auscultation at the back, ob- 
served in some cases of effusion within the pleura. 
Sieur's s. Same as coin-test, under tests. Sig- 
norelli's S., extreme tenderness on pressure 
on the retromandibular point in meningitis. See 
retromandibular point, under point. Silex's S., 
1004 
furrows radiating from the mouth in inherited 
syphilis. Simon's s. i. Retraction or fixation of 
the umbilicus during inspiration. 2. Absence of' 
the usual correlation between the movements of 
the diaphragm and thorax: seen in beginning men- J 
ingitis. Skeer's S., a small circle in the iris, near 
the pupil, in both eyes: seen in tuberculous menin- 
gitis. Skoda's s., a tympanitic sound heard on 
percussing the chest above a large pleural effusion 
or above a consolidation in pneumonia. Smith's 
S., a murmur heard in cases of enlarged bronchial 
glands on auscultation over the manubrium with 
the patient's head thrown back, somatic S., any 
sign presented by the trunk and limbs rather than 
by the sensory apparatus. Spiegelberg's s., 
a feeling like that of friction against wet india- 
rubber, conveyed to the finger by a cervix uteri 
affected with malignant disease, spinal S., 
tonic contraction of the spinal muscles on the 
diseased side in pleurisy. stairs-s., difficulty 
in descending a stairway in locomotor ataxia. 
Stellwag's S., an apparent widening of the 
palpebral opening in exophthalmic goiter. Ster- 
les' S., increased pulsation over the cardiac region 
in intrathoracic tumors. Sternberg's s., sensi- 
tiveness to palpation of the muscles of the shoulder- 
girdle in pleurisy. Stewart-Holmes' s., the 
patient rests his elbow on the table and the exam- 
iner grasps his wrist. The patient then tries to flex 
the arm against the resistance of the examiner. 
When the wrist is released, flexion occurs, but is 
again arrested by the contraction of the triceps. 
This takes place in normal patients, but in hypo- 
tonia the flexion of the arm continues without any 
action on the part of the triceps. Stiller's s., de- 
tachment, or loose attachment, of the tenth rib to 
the costal cartilages; preternatural mobility or 
fluctuation of the tenth rib in enteroptosis or 
gastroptosis. Stocker's s., in typhoid fever, 
if the bed-clothes be pulled down, the patient takes 
no notice; but in tuberculous meningitis the patient 
resents the interference and immediately draws the 
clothes up again. Stokes' S., a severe throb- 
bing in the abdomen, at the right of the umbilicus, 
in acute enteritis. Straus' s., the injection of 
pilocarpin in facial paralysis due to a central lesion 
does not cause any difference in the perspiration 
of the two sides; but if the paralysis be of peripheral 
origin, the secretion of the paralyzed side is markedly 
affected. Strauss's s., increase of fat following 
the use of fatty foods in chylous ascites. Strum- 
pell's s. 1. Dorsal flexion of the foot when the 
thigh is drawn up toward the body: seen in a 
paralyzed limb. Called also tibial phenomenon. 
2. Dorsal flexion of the great toe in an extrem- 
ity affected with paresis. 3. Inability to close the 
fist without marked dorsal extension of the wrist. 
Called radialis s. Strunsky's s., a sign for 
detecting lesions of the anterior arch of the foot. 
The examiner grasps the toes and flexes them 
suddenly. This procedure is painless in the nor- 
mal foot, but causes pain if there is inflamma- 
tion of the anterior arch, subjective s., one 
which is apparent only to the patient, such as pain 
or vertigo. Tarnier's s., effacement of the angle 
between the upper and lower uterine segments in 
pregnancy: an indication of the inevitable approach 
of an abortion. Tay's s. See cherry-red spot 
under spot. Tellais' s., pigmentation of the eye- 
lid in exophthalmic goiter. Testivin's S., the 
formation of a collodion-like pellicle on the urine 
after removing the albumin and treating with 
acid and then with one-third of its volume of ether: 
said to occur during the incubation of infectious 
diseases. Theimich's lip sign, a protrusion or 
pouting of the lips elicited by tapping the orbicularis 
oris muscle. Thornton's s., severe pain in the 
region of the flanks in nephrolithiasis. Tinel's 
S., a tingling sensation in the distal end of a limb 
when percussion is made over the site of a divided 
nerve. It points to beginning regeneration of the 
nerve. Called also formication s. and distal tingling 
on percussion (D. T. P.). Toma's s., in ascites SIGN 
1005 
SILKWORM-GUT 
from peritoneal inflammation when the patient 
lies bn his back percussion on the right side of 
the abdomen gives tympany; on the left side, 
dulness. Traube's s., a faint double sound 
heard in auscultation over the femoral arteries in 
aortic regurgitation. Tresilion's s., a red- 
dish appearance of Stenson's duct in mumps. 
Trimadeau's s., if the dilatation above an esoph- 
ageal stricture is conic, the stricture is fibrous; if 
cup shaped, the stricture is malignant. Troisier's 
S., enlargement of the lymph-glands above the 
clavicle; a sign of intra-abdominal malignant dis- 
ease or of retrosternal tumor. Trousseau's s., 
a muscular spasm on pressure over large detached 
arteries or nerves; seen in tetany. Uhthoff's 
3., nystagmus occurring in multiple cerebrospinal 
sclerosis, ulnar s., analgesia of the ulnar nerve on 
one side, generally present in all insane patients ex- 
cept general paralytics. Unschuld's 3., a ten- 
dency to cramp in the calves of the legs; an early 
indication of diabetes. Uriolla's s., the presence 
in the urine of malarial patients of minute black 
granules of blood-pigment. Vanzetti's s., in 
sciatica the pelvis is always horizontal in spite of 
scoliosis, but in other lesions with scoliosis the 
pelvis is inclined, vein s., a bluish cord along the 
midaxillary line formed by the swollen junction of 
the thoracic and superficial epigastric vein; seen in 
tuberculosis of the bronchial glands. Vigou- 
roux's S., diminished electric resistance of the 
skin in exophthalmic goiter. Villaret's 8., 
flexion of the great toe on percussion of the tendo 
achillis, a sign of lesion of the sciatic nerve and its 
branches. Vincent's s., the Argyll Robert- 
son pupil Vipond's s., generalized adenopathy 
seen during the incubation period of the exan- 
thematous fevers of childhood, vital 3., the 
pulse, respiration, and temperature. Voltolini's 
s. Same as Heryng's s. von Graefe's s., 
failure of the upper lid to move downward with 
the eyeball in glancing downward; seen in exoph- 
thalmic goiter, von Wahl's s. See Wahl's 
s's. Wahl's s's. 1. Local meteorism, or disten- 
tion on the proximal side of an obstruction of 
the bowel. 2. A blowing or scraping sound at 
the systole, heard over an artery soon after 
its partial division by an injury. Warthin's 
3., exaggerated pulmonary sounds in cases of 
acute pericarditis. Weber's s., paralysis of 
the oculomotor nerve of one side and hemi- 
plegia of the opposite side. Wegner's s., a 
broadened, discolored appearance of the epiphyseal 
line in infants dying from hereditary syphilis. 
Weill'S S., absence of expansion in the sub- 
clavicular region of the affected side in infan- 
tile pneumonia. Weiss's S., contraction of 
facial muscles when lightly percussed: it occurs 
in hysteria, neurasthenia, tetany, etc. Wer- 
nicke's S., the hemiopic pupillary reaction. 
See under reaction. Westphal's s., loss of the 
knee-jerk in locomotor ataxia. Widmer's s., 
the temperature in the right axilla is distinctly 
higher than the left; a sign of appendicitis. 
Wilder's s., an early sign of exophthalmic goiter 
consisting in a slight twitch of the eyeball when it 
changes its movement from adduction to abduction 
or vice versa. Williams' s. 1. A dull tympanitic 
resonance heard in the second intercostal space in 
severe pleural effusion. 2. Lessened lung expansion 
on the affected side; a sign of adherent pericardium. 
Williamson's s., markedly diminished blood- 
pressure in the leg as compared with that in the 
arm on the same side, seen in pneumothorax and 
pleural effusion. Wintrich's 8., a change in 
the pitch of the percussion-note when the mouth 
is opened and closed; it indicates a cavity in the 
lung. Wblfler's s., in hour-glass stomach 
fluids pass quickly, but on subsequent lavage the 
water contains food and foul matter. Wolko- 
witsh's S., marked relaxation of the abdominal 
muscles of the right side in chronic recurrent 
appendicitis. Wreden's 3., presence in the 
external auditory meatus of a gelatinous matter 
in children who are born dead. Zaufal's 3., 
saddle-nose. Zugsmith's s., abnormal dulness 
on percussion in the second interspace for a vari- 
able distance on both sides of the sternum; seen 
in gastric ulcer and carcinoma. 
signa (sig'nah). Latin for mark or write: ab- 
breviated to 5. or sig. on prescriptions. See 
prescription. 
signature (sig'nat-chur) [L. signatu'ra]. i. That 
part of a prescription which gives directions as 
to the taking of the medicine. See prescription. 
2. Any characteristic feature of a substance 
formerly regarded as an indication of its medic- 
inal virtues: thus, the eye-like mark on the flower 
of the euphrasia was supposed to show its use- 
fulness in eye diseases; the liver-like shape of 
the leaf of liverwort pointed to its use in hepatic 
diseases; the yellow color of saffron indicated 
its use in jaundice. 
signaturist (sig'nat-ur-ist). One who believes in 
the doctrine vf signatures. 
Signorelli's sign (sen-yor-el'ez) [Angelo Signorelli, 
a contemporary Italian physician]. See under 
sign. 
Sig. n. pro. Abbreviation for L. sig'na nom'ine 
pro'prio, label with the proper name. 
siguatera (sig-wah-ta'rah) [Sp.]. Poisoning due 
to the eating of certain kinds of fish. 
sijna (sij'nah). An East Indian bark, used in 
colics; ecbolic if given in large doses. 
sikimi (sik'im-e) [Japanese]. The plant, Illic'ium 
religio' sum. 
sikimin (sik'im-in). A poisonous hydrocarbon, 
C10H16, which is found in the leaves of Illic'ium 
religio'sum. 
silbamin (sil'bam-in). Silver fluorid, a powder used 
in a solution of i : 1000 for irrigating the bladder 
and the urethra. 
silberol (sil'ber-ol). A proprietary sulphocarbo- 
late of silver, OH.CeH4.SO2.OAg: used in gonor- 
rhea and in eye inflammations. 
silex (si'leks). Same as silica. 
silica (sil'ik-ah) [L. si'lex flint]. Silicon dioxid, 
SiO3, or silicic anhydrid; also its homeopathic 
preparation. 
silicate (sil'ik-at) [L. sil'icus}. Any salt of silicic 
acid. 
silicea (sil-is'e-ah). A homeopathic preparation 
of silica. 
silicic acid (sil-is'ik). See acid. 
silicious (sil-ish'us). Resembling or containing 
silica. 
silicofluorid (sil"ik-o-flu'o-rid). A compound of 
silicon and some other base with fluorin. 
silicon (sil'ik-on) [L. si'lex flint]. A non-metallic 
tetrad element whose dioxid is silica; symbol, Si; 
atomic weight, 28.3. S. fluorid, a compound 
whose fumes are sometimes fatal to workers in 
superphosphate factories. 
silicosis (sil-ik-o'sis) [L. si'lex flint]. Pneumono- 
coniosis due to the inhalation of the dust of 
stone, sand, or flint; grinders' disease. 
Silin (sil'in). The citrosilicate of hexamethylene- 
tetramin: used in uric-acid diathesis. 
siliqua olivae (sil'ik-wah o-li've) [L. " husk of 
the olive "]. The fibers which appear to incircle 
superficially the inferior olive of the brain. Their 
outer and inner portions are termed funic'uli 
sil'iquce. 
silique (sil-ek') [L. sil'iqua pod], A slender pod 
of a cruciferous plant, like the pods of the mus- 
tard and radish. 
siliquose (sil'ik-wos). Having siliques, or resem- 
bling a silique. See cataract and desquamation. 
silkworm-gut (silk'werm-gut). A strand drawn 
from a silkworm which has been killed when 
ready to spin its cocoon. It is used, like catgut, 
for sutures, but is much less pliable than the 
latter, and not so absorbable. SILLONNEUR 
1006 
SINAPOL 
sillonneur (si-yon-nuhr') [Fr.]. A three-bladed 
scalpel for operations on the eye. 
Silpha sinua'ta (sil'fah). An animal organism 
sometimes found upon the remains of persons 
long dead. 
Silphium (sil'fe-um) [L.; Gr. alX<pioi>]. A genus 
of large, composite-flowered herbs known as 
rosin-weeds. S. lacinia' turn, the compass-plant 
of North America, is useful in coughs and in 
remittent fevers. Dose of fluidextract, 30-60 
min. (2-4 c.c.). 
silver (sil'ver). A white, soft, malleable, and 
ductile monad metal; symbol, Ag; atomic weight, 
107.88. Its compounds are extensively used in 
medicine, and metallic silver is employed in surgery 
and in the manufacture of instruments. See 
argentum, s. arsphenamin, a combination of 
the disodium salt of dioxy-diamino-arseno-benzol 
with silver oxid, Ag2O.2[NH2(ONa)CgH3As], a 
brownish-black powder used as is salvarsan. 
S. bromid, a binary compound, AgBr. Dose, 
i-! gr- (0.016-0.033 gm.), s. chlorid, horn- 
silver, a white solid, AgCl: alterative. Dose, 
i~3 gr. (0.033-0.19 gm.), s. citrate. Same 
as Urol, colloidal s. See coilargol, collargolum. 
s. cyanid, a white powder, AgCN: antisyph- 
ilitic. Dose, ^5-gr- (0.001-0.0033 gm.). s. 
eosolate, a salt, C6HOCH3.OC2H3OAg3(SO3)3, 
an antiseptic and germicide powder: used in skin 
diseases and gonorrhea, s. fluor id, a glassy, 
brown, antiseptic, and caustic substance, AgF. 
s. iodate, an insoluble astringent and antiseptic 
salt, AgIO3. Dose, |-| gr. (0.01-0.033 gm.). 
S. iodid [L. argen'ti io'didum], a light-yellowish, 
binary, powdery compound, Agl: useful in syphilis 
and in nervous diseases, and used locally for con- 
junctivitis. Dose, ^-1 gr. (0.006-0.06 gm.), 
s. lactate. See actol, s. nitrate [L. ar'genti 
ni'tras], AgNO3, a salt in transparent, tabular, 
rhombic crystals. It is a very important caustic 
counterirritant and escharotic, and is used in- 
ternally in epilepsy and in diseases of the stomach 
and intestines. Dose, gr. (0.008-0.033 gm.). 
Fused silver nitrate, or lunar caustic, is prepared 
in cones or pencils for external use. Dilute silver 
nitrate consists of one part of the nitrate with two 
of potassium nitrate. It is for external use, and is 
much milder in its action than the pure nitrate, 
s. oxid [L. argen'ti ox'idum], a brown-black powder, 
Ag2O, used like silver nitrate: employed in uterine 
and vaginal diseases. Dose, 5-2 gr. (0.033-0.13 
gm.), s. protalbin. See largin. s. sulpho- 
carbolate . See silberol. 
Silver-fork deformity. The peculiar fork-like 
deformity produced by Colles' fracture. 
Silvester's method (sil-ves'terz) [Henry Robert 
Silvester, English physician, 1829-1908]. See un- 
der respiration, artificial. 
silvestrene (sil-ves'tren). A hydrocarbon, Ci0- 
H16, obtainable from European oil of turpentine. 
silvodide (sil'vo-did). A proprietary preparation, 
known as milk of silver iodid, used like the silver 
salts, as an antiseptic and germicide. 
silvoform (sil'vo-form). See sophol. 
silvol (sil'vol). A proprietary colloidal protein-silver 
compound containing 20 per cent, silver: it is anti- 
septic and astringent, and is used locally in 5 to 40 
per cent, solutions. 
Simaba (sim-a'bah). A genus of simarubaceous 
trees and shrubs, various species of which are 
medicinal. 5. ce'dron, of tropical America, af- 
fords cedron-seed: locally much employed as an 
antispasmodic, antipyretic, and as a cure for 
dyspepsia. Dose of fluidextract, 1-8 min. (0.06- 
0.5 c.c.). 
Simaruba (sim-ar-u'bah). A genus of tropical 
American trees, several species of which are 
medicinal. The root-bark of 5. ama'ra is a bitter 
tonic and astringent. Dose of fluidextract, 10-30 
min. (0.666-2 c.c.). 
simesthesia (sim-es-the'ze-ah). Osseous sensi- 
bility. 
similia similibus curantur (sim-il'e-ah sim-il'- 
ib-us ku-ran'tur) [L. " likes are cured by likes "]. 
The doctrine, or the brocard that expresses it, 
which lies at the foundation of homeopathy; 
namely, that a disease is cured by those remedies 
which produce eSects resembling the disease 
itself. 
similimum (sim-il'im-um) [L. " likest "]. The 
homeopathic remedy which most exactly repro- 
duces the symptoms of any disease. 
Simo'nea folliculo'rum. Same as Dcmodex 
folliculorum. 
Simon's operation, sign (si'monz) [John Simon, 
English surgeon, 1824-1876]. See operation and 
sign. 
Simon's position (ze'monz) [Gustav Simon, Ger- 
man surgeon, 1824-1876]. See position. 
Simonart's thread (se-mo-narz') [Pierre Joseph 
Cecilien Simonart, Belgian obstetrician, 1817- 
1847]. See thread. 
simple (sim'pl) [L. sim'plex}. 1. Neither com- 
pound nor complex; single. 2. An old term for 
any herb with real or supposed medicinal virtues. 
simpler, simplist (sim'pler. sim'plist). An herb- 
doctor. 
Simpson light (simp'sun) [William Speirs Simpson, 
British civil engineer, died 1917]. See light. 
Simpson's forceps (simp'sunz) [Sir James Young 
Simpson, Scottish obstetrician, 1811-1870]. See 
J or ceps. 
Simpson's splint (simp'sunz) [William Kelly 
Simpson, laryngologist in New York, born 1855]. 
See splint. 
Sims' position, speculum, etc. (simz) [J. 
Marion Sims, New York gynecologist, 1813-1883]. 
See position, speculum, etc. 
simul (si'mul). Latin for at once. 
simulation (sim-u-la'shun) [L. simula'tio]. 1. The 
act of counterfeiting a disease; malingering. 2. 
The imitation of one disease by another. 
Simulium (sim-u'le-um). A genus of dipterous 
insects which are known as black flies, sand flies, 
or buffalo gnats. They are widely distributed and 
a great pest at times. 5. columbaczen'se, a species 
in southern Europe which has been known to kill 
children. 5. griseicol'lis, the nimetti found in the 
Sudan. 5. pecua'rum, the buffalo gnat; a terrible 
scourge to horses and cattle. S. venus'tum, a 
species widely distributed in North America. 
simulo (sim'u-lo). A proprietary tincture of the 
seeds of Cap'paris coria'cea, or caper: used for 
hysteria and epilepsy. 
sinalbin (sin-al'bin). A white, crystalline glucosid, 
C30H44N2S2O16, from the seeds of white mustard, 
Sina'pis al'ba. It hydrolyses into mustard oil, 
glucose, and sinapin sulphate. 
sinamin (sin-am'in). Allyl cyanamide, C3H5- 
NHCN, from crude oil of black mustard. 
sinapin (sin-a'pin). An unstable base, C16H23- 
NO5, existing in white mustard, Sina'pis al'ba. 
Sinapis (sin-a'pis) [L. for " mustard Gr. aluairi]. 
A genus of cruciferous'plants; mustard. Now re- 
garded as a subgenus of Bras'sica. See mustard. 
S. al'ba, white mustard. See mustard. S. 
ni'gra, black mustard. See mustard. 
sinapiscopy (sin-ap-is'ko-pe) [Gr. alvairi mustard 
+ aKonetv to view]. The application of mustard 
as a test for sensory disturbance. 
sinapism (sin'ap-izm) [L. sinapis'mus; Gr. aLva- 
Tri<rp.os, aii'aTria/xa]. A plaster or paste of ground 
mustard-seed; a mustard-plaster. 
sinapized (sin'ap-izd). Mixed with or containing 
mustard. 
sinapol (sin'ap-ol). A proprietary analgesic for 
external use. SINAPOLIN 
1007 
SINUS 
Sinapolin (sin-ap'o-lin). Dialylurea, a compound, 
C14H12N2O2.C7H12NO2, from mustard oil. 
sincipital (sin-sip'it-al). Pertaining to the sinciput. 
sinciput (sin'sip-ut) [L.]. The anterior and upper 
part of the head. 
sinew (sin'u). The tendon of a muscle, back s., 
the large flexer tendon at the back of the cannon 
bone of quadrupeds. Called also back tendon. 
weeping s., an encysted ganglion, chiefly on the 
back of the hand, containing synovial fluid. 
Sing., sing. An abbreviation of L. singulo'rum, 
of each. 
singers' nodule (sing'erz). Same as chorditis 
tuber osa. 
singultation (sing-ul-ta'shun). A hiccup. 
singultous (sing-ul'tus). Affected with hiccup. 
singultus (sing-ul'tus) Latin for hiccup. s. 
gas'tricus nervo'sus, hiccup due to a neurotic 
condition of the stomach. 
sinigrin (sin'ig-rin). Potassium myronate; a 
glucosid found in black mustard seed. 
sinistrad (sin-is'trad). To or toward the left. 
sinistral (sin'is-tral) [L. sinistra'lis]. Pertaining 
to the left side. 
sinistrality (sin-is-tral'it-e). Left-handedness. 
sinistraural (sin-is-traw'ral) [L. sinis'ter left + 
au'ris ear]. Hearing better with the left ear. 
sinistrin (sin-is'trin) [L. sinis'ter left]. A levo- 
rotatory hydrocarbon, C8H10O5, found in squill, etc. 
sinistrocardia (sin-is-tro-kar'de-ah) [L. sinis'ter 
left + Gr. Kapbla. heart]. Displacement of the 
heart to the left. 
sinistrocerebral (sin"is-tro-ser'e-bral) [L. sinis'- 
ter left + cerebral]. Pertaining to or situated 
in the left cerebral hemisphere. 
sinistrocular (sin-is-trok'u-lar). Left-eyed: hav- 
ing the left eye the stronger. 
sinistrocularity (sin"is-trok-u-lar'it-e) [L. sinis'ter 
left + oc'ulus eye]. The state of having the 
left eye the stronger. 
sinistrogyration (sin-is"tro-ji-ra'shun) [L. sinis'- 
ter left + gy'rus a turn]. A turning to the left, as 
a movement of the eye or the plain of polarization. 
sinistromanual (sin-is-tro-man'u-al) [L. sinis'ter 
left + ma'nus hand]. Left hand. 
sinistropedal (sin-is-trop'e-dal) [L. sinis'ter left 
4- pes foot]. Using the left foot in preference. 
sinistrorse (sin'is-trors). Turned to the left. 
sinistrose (sin'is-tros). A levorotatory sugar some- 
times found in the urine. 
sinistrosis (sin-is-tro'sis). [L. sin'ister unlucky]. 
Shell-shock; the nervous and mental condition, 
including defects of soeech and hearing, of those 
who have gone through bombardments in the 
present war. 
sinistrotorsion (sin"is-tro-tor'shun) [L. sinis'ter 
left + to/sio twist]. A twisting toward the left: 
used mainly of the eye. 
sinkalin (sing'kal-in). A base found in mustard: 
identical with cholin. 
sino-atrial, sino-auricular. See sinu-atrial 
and sinu-auricular. 
Si non val. Abbreviation for L. si non va'leat, if 
it does not answer. 
sinospiral (si-no-spi'ral). Pertaining to the sinus 
venosus and having a spiral course: said of certain 
muscle-fibers of the heart. 
sinter (sin'ter). The calcareous or silicious matter 
deposited by mineral springs. 
sintoc (sin'tok). The bark of Cinnamo'mum sin'toe, 
of the East Indies: it resembles cinnamon. 
sinu-atrial (sin-u-at're-al). Same as sinu-auricular. 
sinu-auricular (sin"u-aw-rik'u-lar). Pertaining 
to the sinus venosus and the auricle of the heart. 
sinuberase (sin-u'ber-as). A proprietary prepara- 
tion for use in enteritis, dysentery, dyspepsia, 
constipation, and other intestinal disorders. 
sinuitis (sin-u-i'tis). Same as sinusitis. 
sinuous (sin'u-us) [L. sinuo'sus]. Bending in and 
out; winding. 
sinus (si'nus) [L. for " cavity," " bosom," etc.], 
i. A recess, cavity, or hollow space. 2. A dilated 
channel for venous blood: found chiefly within 
the cranium. 3. An air-cavity in one of the cra- 
nial bones; especially one communicating with 
the nose. Such are the ethmoid, frontal, max- 
illary, and sphenoid sinuses. 4. A suppurating 
channel or fistula, accessory s's of the nose, 
they are the frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and 
ethmoidal sinuses, air-s., a cavity in a bone 
containing air. s. of the anterior chamber, 
the narrow space at the edge of the anterior 
chamber of the eye, between the border of the 
cornea and the root of the iris, aortic s., a 
pouch-like dilatation of the aorta, opposite each 
of the segments of the semilunar valve. Arlt's 
S., a small recess occasionally seen in the lower 
part of the lacrimal sac. auricular s. Same as 
sinus venosus (1). basilar s. Same as transverse 
s. Breschet's S., the sphenoparietal sinus. 
S. carot'icus, an extension of the cavernous 
sinus into the carotid canal, cavernous s., a 
venous sinus extending from the sphenoid fissure 
to the apex of the petrous bone, and communicat- 
ing behind with the inferior and superior petrosal 
sinuses, cerebral s's. Same as cranial s's. 
circular s. 1. A venous sinus around the pit- 
uitary body. 2. A venous channel near the mar- 
gin of the placenta, s. circula'ris i'ridis. 
Same as SMemm's canal, s. coch'lese, a branch 
of the internal jugular vein within the cochlear 
aqueduct, coronary s., a venous sinus in the 
groove between the left cardiac auricle and the 
left ventricle, costomediastinal s., the pleu- 
ral sinus situated at the junction of the anterior 
mediastinal and costal pleurae, costophrenic 
s. Same as phrenicocostal s. cranial s's, chan- 
nels in the cranium, consisting partly of bone and 
partly of dura mater, containing venous blood. 
Cuvier's s's, two venous channels of the em- 
bryo, one on either side: the one on the right is 
developed into the precava. s. du'rae ma'tris 
[B N A], the cranial sinuses, s. epidid'ymis, the 
digital fossa of the epididymis, ethmoid s's, 
air-spaces or cells within the ethmoid bone, fa- 
cial s., the inferior longitudinal sinus, frontal 
s's, two air-cavities in the lower border of the fron- 
tal bone. Guerin's s., a diverticulum behind 
Guerin's fold. Huguier's s., a depression in the 
tympanum between the fenestra ovalis and the 
fenestra rotunda, intercavernous s's, two 
sinuses, anterior and posterior, connecting the 
cavernous sinuses, s. jugula'ris, either of three 
enlargements on the jugular vein. S. of the 
kidney, the inward extension of the hilum of the 
kidney. S. lac'teus, the wide part of the 
duct of the mammary gland. s. of the lar- 
ynx, the ventricle of the larynx. lateral 
S., either of the two cranial venous sinuses 
which begin at the torcular herophili and go 
to the internal jugular vein. Lieutaud's s., 
a straight sinus running between the inferior 
longitudinal sinus and the lateral sinus, longi- 
tudinal s., inferior, a venous sinus along the 
lower border of the falx cerebri, connected with the 
straight sinus, longitudinal s., superior, 
a venous sinus along the convex border of the falx 
cerebri, extending to the torcular. lymph-s., 
a lymph-channel; a space which conveys lymph, 
s. of Maier, an occasional diverticulum of the 
lacrimal sac into which the lacrimal canaliculi 
open, mastoid s's, the cells within the mastoid 
portion of the temporal bone, maxillary s., 
the.antrum of Highmore. Meyer's s., s. Mey- 
er'i, a small depression in the floor of the external 
auditory canal just in front of the membrana SINUS 
1008 
SISTOMENSIN 
tympani. Morgagni's s's, three dilata- 
tions near the commencement of the aorta, 
oblique s., a fold of pericardium over the 
posterior surface of the left auricle, occipital 
S., a small venous sinus in the attached mar- 
gin of the falx cerebri, opening into the torcular 
herophili. oral s. Same as stomodeum. s. 
paranasa'les [B N A], the accessory sinuses of 
the nose, parasinoidal s., any one of several 
spaces in the dura mater opening into a cranial 
blood-sinus; called also lacuna lateralis or lacus 
lateralis. Petit's s's. Same as the sinuses 
of Valsalva, petrosal s., inferior, a venous 
sinus arising from the cavernous sinus and running 
along the lower edge of the petrous bone to the 
internal jugular vein, petrosal s., superior, 
a sinus which runs in a groove in the petrous 
bone from the posterior part of the cavernous 
sinus to the lateral sinus. S.-phlebitis. See 
under phlebitis, phrenicocostal s., that pleural 
sinus situated at the junction of the costal and dia- 
phragmatic pleurae, pilonidal s., a suppurating 
sinus of the coccygeal region containing a tuft 
of hair, piriform s., pyriform sinus, pla- 
cental S., a venous channel near the edge of 
the placenta. pleural s's, spaces where the 
individual portions of the pleura pass into each 
other at an angle and which are never completely 
filled by the lung. s. pocula'ris, a lacuna in the 
prostatic portion of the urethra. Called also 
uterus masculinus. posterior s., a groove in the 
posterior wall of the tympanic cavity above the 
pyramidal eminence, s. praecervica'lis, the de- 
pression at the side of the neck, developed in the 
embryo by the growth of the branchial arches, 
s. prostat'icus. Same as s. pocularis. pul- 
monary s's, the pouch-like dilatations of the 
pulmonary artery opposite to each segment of the 
semilunar valve, pyriform s., a fossa on the 
side of the larynx external to the aryepiglottic fold, 
s. rec'tus [B N A], the straight sinus, s. reu'- 
niens, the sinus venosus of the embryonic heart, 
rhomboid S., the fourth ventricle of the brain. 
Ridley's s., the circular sinus, sagittal s., the 
longitudinal sinus. sigmoid S., the portion 
of the lateral sinus which lies on the mastoid 
bone and jugular process of the occipital. It 
is S-shaped. sphenoid s., an air-space in the 
sphenoid bone, sphenoid parietal s., the ante- 
rior portion of the cavernous sinus of the dura, 
where it communicates with the ophthalmic vein. 
Straight S., a venous sinus going from the in- 
ferior longitudinal to the lateral sinus. S. sulci- 
for'mis, a furrow on the inner surface of the ves- 
tibule of the ear, below the hemispheric and 
hemielliptic fossae, opening into the aquaeductus 
vestibuli. Called also sulcus ad aquceductus vestib- 
-uli and recessus labyrinthi. tarsal s., s. tar'si 
[B N A], the space between the calcaneus and the 
astragalus containing the interosseous ligament, 
tentorial s., the straight sinus, terminal s., 
a vein which encircles the vascular area in the 
blastoderm, s.-thrombosis. See thrombosis. 
tonsillar s., the space between the palatine 
arches wherein the tonsil is located, trans- 
verse S., one which unites the two inferior 
petrosal sinuses, s. tym'pani [B N A], a depres- 
sion in the tympanic cavity, below and behind the 
fenestra ovalis urogenital s., the duct into 
which, in the embn'o, the wolffian ducts and blad- 
der empty and which goes to the cloaca, uterine 
s's, venous canals in the wall of the impregnated 
uterus, uteroplacental s's, sinuses carrying 
blood from the placenta into the uterine sinuses, 
s. of Valsalva, the aortic and pulmonary sinuses; 
pouches in the aorta and pulmonary artery behind 
each semilunar valve, s. vena'rum [B N A]. 
Same as 5. venosus (ist def.), s. veno'sus. i. 
The main part of the cavity of either auricle of the 
heart. It is the portion into which the veins 
empty their blood. Called also atrium and s. 
fy the auricle. 2. [B N A] The common venous re- 
ceptacle in the embryo attached to the posterior 
wall of the primitive auricle: it receives the um- 
bilical and vitelline veins and the ducts of Cuvier, 
s. veno'sus scle'rae [B N A], the canal of 
Schlemm. vertebral s's, two venous sinuses 
running along the spinal canal, s. vertebra'les 
longitudina'les [B N A], the vertebral sinuses. 
sinusitis, sinuitis (si-nu-si'tis, sin-u-i'tis). In- 
flammation of a sinus, frontal s., inflammation 
of the frontal sinus. 
sinusoid (si'nus-oid) [sinus + Gr. e'3os form], 
i. Resembling a sinus. 2. A form of terminal 
blood-channel consisting of a large, irregular an- 
astomosing vessel, having a complete endothelial 
wall, but little or no adventitia. Sinusoids are 
found in the liver, suprarenals, heart, parathyroid, 
carotid gland, spleen, hemolymph glands, and 
pancreas. 
sinusoidal current (si-nus-oid'al). See current. 
sinusoidalization (si-nu-soi-dal-iz-a'shun). The 
application of a sinusoidal current. 
sinuventricular (si"nu-ven-trik'u-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the auricular sinus venosus and the ventricle 
of the heart. 
SiO2. Silicon dioxid. 
siomine (si'o-min) Hexamethylenamin tetraiodid, 
(CHaleNj^ a red powder. It is decomposed in the 
intestine into hexamethylenamin and iodid and 
produces the effect of iodids. Dose same as potas- 
sium iodid. 
Si op. sit. Abbreviation for L. si o'pus sit, if neces- 
sary. 
siphac (si'fak). An obsolete name for the peri- 
toneum. 
siphon (si'fun) [Gr. <rl<pwv tube]. A bent tube of 
two unequal arms: used in the transfer of liquids, 
also in wound-drainage and in lavage of the stom- 
ach. Duguet's s., a rubber tube armed with 
a trocar for performing thoracentesis without 
aspiration. 
siphonage (si'fun-aj). The use of the siphon, as 
in washing the stomach or in draining wounds. 
Siphonaptera (si-fo-nap'ter-ah) [Gr. al<puv tube + 
air-repos wingless]. A genus of insects including 
the fleas. 
siphonoma (si-fon-o'mah) [Gr. <n<pwv tube + -opa 
tumor], A tumor made up of a series of tubes. 
Siphunculata (si-funk-u-la'tah). An order of in- 
sects including the lice. 
Sippy method or treatment (sip'e) [Bertram 
Welton Sippy, physician in Chicago, born 1866]. 
See under treatment. 
siqua [coined from L. sider.tis altitudinis quadratio, 
the square of the sitting height], Pirquet's unit for 
calculating the area of the absorptive surface of 
the intestine; it is the square of the sitting height 
(in centimeters). 
siren-limb. See sirenomelus. 
sirenomelus (si"ren-om'el-us) [Gr. aeLpqv siren -f- 
peXos limb], A monster with fused legs and with 
no feet. 
siriasis (sir-i'as-is) [Gr. from aecpidv to be hot]. 
Thermic fever, or sunstroke. 
sirikaya (ser-ik-a'yah). The tree Ano'na squamo'- 
sa, whose leaves are sudorific and bark purga- 
tive. 
siritch (sir'itsh) [Arabic]. Oil of sesamum. 
sirolin (sir'o-lin). A proprietary preparation of 
beech-tar and guaiacol: used in pulmonary dis- 
eases. 
sirup (sir'up). See syrup. 
-sis. A termination, or ending, of words of Greek 
origin, signifying state or condition. 
sismotherapy (sis-mo-ther'ap-e). Seismotherapy, 
sistomensin (sis-to-men'sin). A preparation con- 
taining the luteolipoid of the corpus luteum: used 
to check excessive menstrual flow. SISYRINCHIUM 
1009 
SKIN 
Sisyrinchium galaxioi'des (sis-ir-in'ke-um). A 
South American iridaceous plant; its bulbs are 
purgative and diuretic. 
sitfast (sit'fast). A small hard tumor on the skin 
of a horse's back. • 
sitiergia (sit-e-Ir'je-ah) [Gr. airlov food + etpyeiv 
to bar out]. Insane rejection of food. 
sitiology (sit-e-ol'o-je). Same as sitology. 
sitiomania (sit-e-o-ma'ne-ah). Sitomania. 
sitiophobia (sit"e-o-fo'be-ah). Same as sitophobia. 
Sitology (si-tol'o-je) [Gr. air os food + Xbyos dis- 
course]. The sum of knowledge regarding food, 
diet, and nutrition. 
sitomania (si-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. air os food -f- pavla 
madness], 1. Excessive hunger, or insane crav- 
ing for food. 2. Periodic bulimia. 
sitophobia (si-to-fo'be-ah) [Gr. airos food + <pb0os 
fear]. A morbid or insane dread of eating. 
sitosterol (si-to-ste'rol). A sterol, C26H44O, from 
wheat embryos. 
sitotherapy (si-to-ther'ap-e) [Gr. air os food + 
Oepairela treatment]. Treatment by food; dieto- 
therapy. 
sitotoxin (si-to-toks'in). Any basic poison gene- 
rated in a cereal food by a plant microorganism. 
sitotoxism (si-to-toks'izm) [Gr. acros food + ro$i- 
zov poison]. Poisoning by diseased vegetable 
foods. 
sitotropism (si-tot'ro-pizm) [Gr. airos food + 
tpbiros turning]. Response of living cells to the 
attractive or repulsive influence of food. 
situs (si'tus). Latin for site or position, s. in- 
ver'sus vis'cerum, lateral transposition of the 
viscera of the thorax and abdomen, s. perver'- 
SUS, dislocation of any viscus. S. transver'sus. 
Same as s. inversus viscerum. 
sitz-bath (sits'bath). See bath. 
Si vir. perm. Abbreviation for L. si vi'res permit'- 
tant, if the strength will permit. 
six-o-six (siks-o-siks). See sal-car san. 
sixth nerve (siksth). The abducent nerve. See 
nerves, table of. 
Sjoqvist's method (syek'vists) [John August 
Sjbqvist, Swedish physician, born 1863]. See un- 
der method. 
skatol (ska'tol) [Gr. azup, azaTOs dung]. Beta- 
methyl indol, a strong-smelling, crystalline sub- 
stance, CHs-CsHsN, from human feces. It is pro- 
duced by the decomposition of proteins in the 
intestine and directly from the amino-acid trypto- 
phane. 
ska to logic (ska-tol-oj'ik). See scatologic. 
skatology (ska-tol'o-je). Scatology. 
skatophagy (ska-tofaj-e) [Gr. oz&p, azaros dung 
+ tpayeiv to eat]. Same as coprophagy. 
skatosin (ska-to'sin). A base, C10H18N2O2, de- 
rived from certain proteins. 
skatoxyl (ska-toks'il). An oxidation-product of 
skatol, CHa-CgHeNO, found in the urine in certain 
cases of disease of the large intestine. 
skein (skan). The thread-like figure seen in the 
earlier stages of baryokinesis. test-s's, Holm- 
gren's yarns: skeins of worsted yarn for testing 
color-blindness. 
skelalgia (ske-lal'je-ah) [Gr. azeXis leg + aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the leg. 
skeletal (skel'et-al). Pertaining to the skeleton. 
skeletin (skel'et-in). Any one of a number of 
gelatinous substances occurring in invertebrate 
tissue, and including chitin, sericin, spongin, etc. 
skeletization (skel"et-iz-a'shun). 1. Extreme 
emaciation. 2. The removal of the soft parts 
from the skeleton. 
skeletogenous (skel-et-oj'en-us) [Gr. vzeXeTov 
skeleton + yevvav to produce]. Producing skel- 
etal or bony structures. 
skeletogeny (skel-et-oj'en-e). The formation of the 
skeleton; the origin and development of the skele- 
ton. 
skeletography (skel-et-og'raf-e) [skeleton + Gr. 
ypa^pecv to write]. A description of the skeleton. 
skeletology (skel-et-ol'o-je) [Gr. azeXerov skeleton 
+ Xbyos treatise]. The sum of what is known 
regarding the skeleton. 
skeleton (skel'et-on) [Gr. azeXeTov}. The hard 
framework of the animal body; especially the bony 
framework of the higher vertebrate animals; the 
bones of the body collectively. See further under 
dermoskeleton, endoskeleton, exoskeleton, neuro- 
skeleton, and splanchnoskeleton. appendicular 
S., the skeleton of the limbs, axial s., the skele- 
ton of the head and trunk, visceral s., that 
portion of the skeleton which protects the viscera, 
as the sternum, ribs, and innominate bones. 
Skene's gland (skenz') [Alexander J. C. Skene, 
physician in Brooklyn, 1838-1900]. See gland. 
skenitis (ske-ni'tis). Inflammation of Skene's 
glands. 
skeocytosis (ske"o-si-to'sis) [Gr. a kolos left + 
zvros cell]. Presence of immature forms of white 
cells in the blood; called also deviation to the left. 
skeptophylaxis (skep"to-fi-laks'is) [Gr. ozerrTtKos 
doubtful + phylaxis}. A condition in which a 
minute dose of a substance poisonous to animals 
will produce immediate temporary immunity to the 
action of the poison, although the blood of the ani- 
mal may be highly toxic during that period of im- 
munity (Lambert, Ancel, and Bouin, 1910). 
skiagram (ski'ag-ram) [Gr. axta shadow + y pappa 
writing]. Same as skiagraph. 
skiagraph (ski'ag-raf) [Gr. azta. shadow + ypa.<peiv 
to write]. A picture or photograph made by the 
Rbntgen rays. 
skiagraphy (ski-ag'raf-e) [Gr. ozi.a shadow + 
ypatpelv to write]. The art or process of making 
skiagraphs or photographs by means of the Rbntgen 
rays. It is performed by placing the part or 
article between the rays and a photographic plate, 
when the rays will penetrate many substances, as 
the flesh, which are impervious to ordinary light- 
rays; but any substance, as bone or glass, which 
is impervious to the Rbntgen rays, will cast a shadow 
of itself upon the photographic plate. 
skiameter (ski-am'et-er) [Gr. azia shadow + perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the in- 
tensity of the Rbntgen rays, and thus determining 
how long an exposure is needed. 
skiascope (ski'as-kop). An instrument for per- 
forming skiascopy. 
skiascopy (ski-as'ko-pe) [Gr. axia shadow -f azoic el v 
to view]. 1. Pupilloscopy or retinoscopy: the 
determination of eye-refraction by illuminating 
the retina with a mirror and observing the move- 
ments of light and shade on the pupil (Chibret, 
1886). Called also shadow-test. 2. Examination 
of the body by the x-ray; fluoroscopy. 
Skillern's fracture (skil'ernz) [Penn Gaskell 
Skillern, Jr., Philadelphia surgeon, born 1882]. 
See under fracture. 
skin (skin). The outer integument, or covering, of 
the body. It is made up of an epithelial layer, 
the epidermis, cuticle, or scarf-skin, and the 
true s. (corium, derma, or cutis vera). The 
epidermis [cuticle, or scarf-skin) is made up of 
several layers, from without inward as follows: 
The homy layer [stra'turn co/neum), which con- 
sists of layers of flattened homy cells; the str a'turn 
lu'cidum (Ohl's layer), consisting of transparent 
nucleated cells; the str a'turn granulo'sum (granular 
layer, Langerhans' layer), consisting of flattened 
granular cells; the stra'tum muco'sum (mucous 
layer, malpighian layer, rete mucosum), consisting 
of pigmented columnar cells, the outer part of which 
is covered with prickles, forming the prickle layer. 
The true s. (corium, derma, cutis vera) is divided 
from the epidermis by a basement-membrane, and consists of an outer, or papillary, layer, containing 
the nerve-endings and capillaries, and a deeper 
reticular layer, largely made up of fibrous bundles. 
Beneath the skin is the subcutaneous connective 
tissue, consisting of oblique elastic fibers extend- 
ing between the corium and fasciae or deeper 
tissues, and containing lymphatics, vessels, nerves, 
and generally fat. beaters' s. Same as gold- 
beaters' s. s.-bound, hide-bound; affected with 
scleroderma, crocodile s., ichthyosis sauro- 
derma. glossy S., a shining, glazed appear- 
ance of the skin, seen in states in which the 
trophic nerve-supply of the skin is interrupted, 
goldbeaters' s., a very thin, tough membrane 
prepared from ox's cecum and from the intestine 
of other animals. S.-grafting, the implantation 
of bits of skin to form centers of cicatrization, 
s.-heart, a name for the peripheral vessels: so 
called for their importance in various metabolic 
processes, paper s., parchment skin, parch- 
ment S. 1. The thin, atrophic looking, stretched 
skin of cutaneous atrophy; xeroderma. 2. A dry 
condition of the skin of cattle and sheep, especially 
such a condition accompanying verminous bron- 
chitis. sailors' s., a condition in which the skin 
is of a bluish-red color, thickened, and covered with 
warty growths, wash-leather s., a condition 
in which silver makes a black mark upon the skin, 
skink (skingk). A lizard, Scin'cus officina'lis: its 
dried flesh is used in oriental medicine. 
sklero-. For words thus beginning, see under sclero-. 
Skoda's r&le, sign, etc. (sko'dahz) [Joseph Skoda, 
Austrian physician, 1805-1881]. See rdle, sign, etc. 
skodaic res'onance (sko-da'ik) [see above]. See 
under resonance. 
skolecitis. For words beginning sko-, see those 
beginning sco-. 
skookum-chuck (skoo"kum-tchuk') [Chinook 
jargon for " good waters "]. A salt obtained 
from the waters of a lake in the state of Wash- 
ington: used in skin diseases. 
skotogram, skotograph, etc. See scotogram, sco- 
tograph, etc. 
Skull (skul). The bony framework of the head, 
composed of eight cranial bones and the four- 
teen bones of the face. The cranial bones are 
the occipital, two parietal, two temporal, frontal, 
ethmoid, and sphenoid. The facial bones are the 
two lacrimal, two nasal, two palate, two inferior 
turbinate, two superior maxillary, two malar, the 
vomer, and the inferior maxilla. The ear-bones, 
or ossicles, are not considered a part of the skull, 
natiform s., a skull marked by Parrot's nodes, 
which give it a buttock shape, s.-cap. 1. The 
sinciput or calvarium. 2. Same as Scutellaria. 
steeple-s., oxycephaly. 
Skunk-cabbage (skungk-kab'ij). The fetid ara- 
ceous marsh plant, Symplocar'pus feet'idus, of 
North America. Its rhizome is stimulant, anti- 
spasmodic, and narcotic. Dose of fluidextract, 
10-40 min. (0.666-2.666 c.c.). 
S. L. A. Left sacro-anterior position of fetus. 
slack of the optic nerve (slak). The surplus 
length of the optic nerve, permitting a certain 
amount of play of the ball. It averages 5^% mil- 
limeters. 
slaked lime (slakt). A white powder obtained by 
pouring one-half its weight of water on quick- 
lime. 
slant (slant). A sloping surface of agar in a test- 
tube; also a slant-culture, s.-culture, a bacterial 
culture in which the test-tube is placed in a slant- 
ing position for the agar to solidify. 
Sleep (slep). A period of rest for the body and 
mind, during which volition and consciousness 
are in partial or complete abeyance and the bodily 
functions partially suspended. The movements 
of breathing and of the pulse are less frequent 
than in the waking state; the pupils are also con- 
tracted and the secretions partly suspended. 
SKINK 
1010 
s.-drunkenness. See somnolentia (2d def.), 
electric s., loss of voluntary movement and pres- 
ence of general anesthesia induced by the applica- 
tion to the head of a rapidly interrupted electric 
current, paroxysmal s., narcolepsy, temple 
S. Same as incubation, 2d def. twilight S. 
(Gauss), a condition of light anesthesia marked by 
mental subconsciousness, produced by the hypoder- 
mic administration of morphin and scopolamin. 
In this state the patient, while responding to pain, 
does not retain it in her memory. It is employed 
in the conduct of labor. Called also scopolamin- 
morphin anesthesia. 
sleeping-disease (sle'ping-). Narcolepsy. 
sleeping-sickness. See Congo trypanosomiasis, 
under trypanosomiasis. 
Slide (slid). A glass plate on which objects are 
placed for microscopic examination. 
sling (sling). A bandage or suspensory for sup- 
porting a part. s. of the lenticular nucleus, 
a tract of nerve-fibers passing beneath the optic 
thalamus to enter the lenticular nucleus. Called 
also ansa nuclei lenticularis. 
slobbering (slob'er-ing). An abnormal flow of saliva 
in animals. 
slough (sluf). A mass of dead tissue in or cast out 
from living tissue. 
sloughing (sluf'ing). The formation or separation 
of a slough. 
slows (sloz). Same as trembles. 
S. L. P. Left sacroposterior position of fetus. 
sludge (slujh). The more or less solid matter which 
settles out of sewers. 
Sm. The symbol for samarium. 
small intestine (smawl). See intestine. 
smallpox (smawl'poks). See variola. 
smear-culture (smer'kult-yur). See under 
culture. 
Smee cell (smee) [Alfred Smee, English surgeon, 
1818-1877]. See under cell. 
smegma (smeg'mah) [Gr. <r/j.fjypa soap]. A thick, 
cheesy, ill-smelling secretion found under the 
prepuce and around the labia minora. Called 
also smegma praputii. s. clitor'idis [B N A], the 
thick, cheesy secretion of the glands of the clitoris, 
s. embryo'num, the vernix caseosa. s. prae- 
pu'tii [B N A]. See smegma. 
smell-brain. The rhinencephalon. 
Smellie's scissors (smel'ez) [William Smellie, 
British obstetrician, 1697-1763]. See scissors. 
smelting-house smoke. Crude arsenious acid, 
smilacin (smi'las-in) [Gr. a/xtAaKivos pertaining to 
smilax]. 1. A poisonous glucosid, Ci8H30O6, 
from sarsaparilla. 2. A precipitate or concen- 
tration prepared from sarsaparilla. 
Smilax (smi'laks) [L.; Gr. apTXa.^ bindweed]. A 
genus of climbing smilaceous plants. The roots 
of various tropical American species are known 
as sarsaparilla (q. v.). China-root, the rhizome 
of 5. chi'na, an Asiatic species, is used like sarsap- 
arilla. S. pseudo-china, the bamboo-brier 
of North America, is said to be more efficacious 
than the imported sarsapari[Jas in the treatment 
of syphilis. Dose of fluidextract, 30-120 min. 
(2-8 c.c.). 
Smith's disease [EustaceSmith, London physician, 
1835-1914]- Mucous colitis. S's sign. See 
under sign. 
Smith's fracture [Robert William Smith, Irish 
surgeon, 1807-1873]. See fracture. 
Smith's operation [Henry Smith, English surgeon 
in India], See under operation (2d def.). 
Smith's phenomenon [Theobald Smith, American 
pathologist, born 1859]. See Theobald Smith 
phenomenon, under phenomenon. 
Smith's test [Walter George Smith, contemporary 
Irish physician]. See under tests. 
SMITH'S TEST Smith-Pitfield method [John Blackburn Smith, 
contemporary English surgeon; Robert L. Pitfield, 
American physician, born 1870]. See under stains 
and staining. 
S. M. O. Abbreviation for Medical Officer of Schools. 
smokers' cancer. See cancer. 
smudging (smuj'ing). A defect of speech in which 
the difficult consonants are omitted. 
smut. See ustilago. 
Sn. The symbol of tin [L. stan'num}. 
S. n. Abbreviation for L. secun'dum natu'ram, ac- 
cording to nature. 
snakeroot (snak-root). See Cimicifuga, senega, 
and serpentaria, button-s., the North American 
plant, Lia'tris spica'ta: diuretic and deobstruent; 
used in nephritis, gonorrhea, and leukorrhea. 
Dose of fluidextract of root, |-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.). 
Canada s., a North American plant, As'arum 
canaden'se, is an aromatic, carminative, and di- 
aphoretic. Its rhizome affords a fragrant volatile 
oil: used in perfumery. Dose of fluidextract, 15-30 
min. (1-2 c.c.). 
snap-finger (snap'fin-ger). See finger. 
snare (snair). A wire loop or noose for removing 
polypi and tumors, being placed around them and 
tightened so as either to cut them off at the 
base or to tear them out by the roots, cold S., 
a snare that has not been heated, hot S., a 
wire snare heated by a galvanic current, and used 
to burn off growths. Called also galvanocaustic s. 
Jarvis' s., a wire snare operated by a screw in the 
handle. 
Sneeze (snez). 1. To expel air forcibly and spas- 
modically through the nose and mouth. 2. A 
sudden violent and audible expiration through 
the mouth and nose. 
Snell's law [Simeon Snell, English ophthalmologist, 
1851-1909]. See under law. 
Snellen's type (snel'enz) [Hermann Snellen, 
ophthalmologist in Utrecht, 1834-1908]. See 
test-type. 
snore (snor). 1. To breathe noisily in sleep or 
coma. 2. A noisy breathing in sleep or coma; 
stertor. 
snow-blindness (sno-). See blindness. 
snow, carbon dioxid. The snow formed by the 
rapid evaporation of liquid carbon dioxid. It 
gives a temperature of about no° below zero, 
producing instant freezing of the skin when ap- 
plied. It is used locally in various skin diseases. 
Snowflake (sno'flak). The Leuco'ium ver'num; 
an old-world amaryllidaceous plant: emetic and 
poisonous. 
snuff (snuf). Any medicinal or errhine powder 
to be inhaled into the nose, catarrh S., a pow- 
der used by insufflation for coryza. 
snuffles (snuf'flz). A catarrhal discharge from 
the nasal mucous membrane in infants, generally 
in congenital syphilis. 
SO2. Sulphur dioxid. 
soamin (so-am'in). Sodium para-aminophenyl- 
arsenate, a proprietary preparation used like 
atoxyl in protozoal diseases, especially in syphilis. 
Soap (sop) [L. sa'po}. Any compound of one or 
more fatty acids, or their equivalents, with an 
alkali. See sapo. Soap is detergent, and is 
much employed in liniments, enemata, and in 
making pills. It is also a mild aperient and 
antacid. See also under sapo, emplastrum, lini- 
mentum, etc. animal s., sapo domesticus. 
arsenical S., a soap containing arsenic: used 
in taxidermy to preserve skins, s.-bark. See 
quillaja. carbolic s., a disinfectant soap.contain- 
ing 10 per cent, of carbolic acid. Castile s., a 
hard soap, either white or mottled, prepared from 
olive oil and soda. curd s., sapo domesticus. 
green s. See sapo viridis. guaiac s., a resin of 
guaiacum saponified with liquor potassae. hard s. 
SMITH-PITFIELD METHOD 
1011 
Same as soda s. potash s. See soft s. soda 
s., soap made from soda and olive oil. Called also 
hard s. soft S., a liquid soap made from potash 
and linseed oil, of potash and olive oil, or of potash 
and some other oil. It is used as a detergent and 
stimulant. Called also potash s. and green s. 
Starkey's s., a soap made of potassium car- 
bonate, turpentine oil, and Venice turpentine in 
equal parts, superfatted s., a soap having an 
excess of fat over that necessary to neutralize all 
the alkali, zinc-s., a soap containing zinc 
oxid or zinc sulphate: for use as an ointment 
or plaster. 
sob (sob). A short convulsive inspiration, attended 
with contraction of the diaphragm and spasmodic 
closure of the glottis. 
socaloin (so-kal'o-in). A variety of aloin, C15H18O7, 
from Socotrine aloes: said to be identical with 
zanaloin. 
socia parotidis (so'she-ah pa-rot'id-is) [L. "com- 
panion of the parotid"]. A detached part or 
exclave of the parotid gland. 
sociology (so-se-ol'o-je) [L. so'cius fellow + Gr. 
\byos treatise]. The science of social relations and 
phenomena. 
socket (sok'et). A hollow, or depression, into 
which a corresponding part fits, tooth S., the 
cavity in which the root of a tooth rests; an al- 
veolus. 
Socotrine aloes (sok'o-tren) [Socotra, an island in 
the Indian Ocean]. See under aloes. 
soda (so'dah). Sodium hydrate, or hydroxid, NaOH 
(caustic soda); also sodium carbonate, Na^COj 
(washing soda), or bicarbonate, NaHCO3 (baking 
soda), baking s., sodium bicarbonate. caustic 
s., sodium hydroxid. chlorinated s., a mix- 
ture of sodium chlorid and sodium hypochlorite. 
Its aqueous solution (Labarraque's solution) is used 
as a disinfectant and deodorizer and as an appli- 
cation to foul ulcers, s. cum cal'ce, an escha- 
rotic preparation of equal parts of sodium hy- 
droxid and lime. s. soap. See soap, washing 
s., sodium carbonate, s.-water, carbonic acid 
water; water impregnated with carbon dioxid. 
sodic (so'dik). Containing soda or sodium. 
sodii (so'de-i). Latin for genitive of sodium. 
sodiocitrate (so"de-o-sit'rat). A citrate of sodium 
and another element. 
sodiotartrate (so"de-o-tar'trat). A tartrate of 
sodium and another element. 
sodium (sb'de-um). A soft, white, alkaline metallic 
element; symbol, Na; atomic weight, 23; spe- 
cific gravity, 0.972. It is univalent and has a 
strong affinity for oxygen and other non-metallic 
elements, s. acetate, a compound. NaC2H3O2- 
+ 3H2O: used as a diuretic. Dose, 15-60 gr. (1-4 
gm.), s. acetylsalicylate. See hydropirin. s. 
acetylsulphanilate, a white, crystalline sub- 
stance: antipyretic, acid s. borate, antipyonin. 
acid s. sulphosalicylate, a salt in colorless 
crystals, C8H3(OH)CO2HSO3Na: used in the treat- 
ment of rheumatism, s. aminophenylarsen- 
ate, a colorless, tasteless, powder: used in syphilis 
and protozoan diseases, s. anilin-arsenate. 
Same as atoxyl. S. anisate, a hygroscopic, 
microcrystalline powder, CH3.O.CeH4CO.ONa.- 
JH2O: antiseptic and antipyretic. Dose, 15 gr. 
(1 gm.), s. antimonyl tartrate, a compound 
used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. S. 
arsanilate. See atoxyl. s. arsenate, Na2- 
HASO4 + 7H2O. Dose, fa gr. (0.001-0.005 
gm.); of solution (liquor), 2-15 min. (0.133-1 c.c.). 
S. arsenotartrate, used in skin diseases, inter- 
mittent fever, etc. s. aurate, NaAuO2: used as 
an antiseptic in 0.5 per cent, solution. S. auro- 
chlorid, gold and sodium chlorid, AuCU.NaCl 
2H2O, a yellow powder: antisyphilitic. Dose, j-i 
gr. (0.016-0.066 gm.), s. benzoate, a compound, 
CeHj.CChNa: used as an antilithic in gout and 
rheumatism, and as an antiseptic in diphtheria, 
etc. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.), s. benzoy 1- 
SODIUM sulphonate, a sodium salt of saccharin, CeHv 
(CO)SO2NNa + 2H2O. It is more soluble in water 
than saccharin and its uses are those of saccharin. 
S. bicarbonate, or baking soda, NaHCO3, is 
used as an antacid and antirheumatic, and in 
dyspepsia, rheumatism, gout, diabetes, etc. Dose, 
5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.); of li'quor so'dee efferves'cens, 
2-8 fl.oz. (60-250 c.c.). s. biphosphate, NaH2- 
PO4.H2O, used to render the urine acid. S. bis- 
muth citropyroborate, a salt in glistening leaf- 
lets: serviceable in dyspepsia and gastralgia. s. 
bisulphate, NaHS04: used as an antiferment, 
internally and externally. Dose, 3-10 gr. (0.2- 
0.666 gm.), s. biurate exists in certain gouty 
deposits, s. borate, borax, NaaB4Oz _+ 1OH2O: 
detergent, diuretic, and antiseptic; poisonous in 
large doses. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.). See 
borax, s. borate, neutral, an antiseptic used 
for wounds and for eye diseases. See antipyonin. 
s. borobenzoate, an.antiseptic and antilithic; 
composed of 3 parts of sodium borate, mixed 
with sodium benzoate, s. bromid, NaBr, a sub- 
stance in white or colorless crystals: used in 
epilepsy, hysteria, and as a hypnotic sedative. 
Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.), s. cacodylate, an 
arsenical remedy, (CH3)2AsO.ONa, dimethyl ar- 
senate, in the form of a white, amorphous powder, 
soluble in water. It is used in tuberculosis ane- 
mia, malaria, psoriasis, syphilis, etc. Maximum 
daily dose, 1-3 gr. (0.065-0.2 gm.), hypoder- 
mically. s. caflein-sulphonate. Same as 
symphorol. s. cantharidate, a prepara- 
tion of sodium hydroxid and cantharidin: 
in solution it is used subcutaneously in tuber- 
culosis. s. carbonate, washing soda, Naj- 
CO3 + 1OH2O; a salt in large, colorless crystals; 
antacid, antirheumatic, and irritant: used inter- 
nally and externally in the form of baths. Dose, 
5-20gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.), s. carbonate, dried, 
the foregoing salt deprived of its water of crystalli- 
zation. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.), s. chlo- 
rate, NaC103, a salt in colorless crystals: detergent 
and alterant. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.); 
of solution (liquor), 10-60 min. (0.666-4 c.c.). S. 
Chlorid, common salt, NaCl, a white, crystalline 
compound, soluble in water. It is a necessary in- 
gredient of the human body, and consequently of 
food. Its properties are similar to those of potas- 
sium chlorate. A 0.75-0.90 per cent, solution 
(physiologic salt solution) is used for intravenous 
and other injections in hemorrhage and cholera, as 
a local application in rhinitis, conjunctivitis, etc., 
and as a preservative for microscopic specimens. 
Dose, ic-60 gr. (0.666-4 gm.), s. chloroborate, 
a white, crystalline, antiseptic agent, s. cinna- 
mate, a white, crystalline agent, NaCBH7O2, solu- 
ble in water, and used in the treatment of tuber- 
culosis. Dose, $-1 gr. (0.02-0.065 gm.), s. ci- 
trate, a white, crystailine salt, 2Na3C6H5O7 + 
iiH3O: purgative and antacid. Dose, 10-15 gr. 
(0.65-1 gm.). It is an ingredient of so'dii citro- 
tartra'tis eferves'cens. s. citrobenzoate, a 
white powder used in the treatment of asthma 
and bronchitis, s. citrophosphate. See mela- 
chol. s. copaivate, a salt: used like copaiba. _ S. 
cresylate, an alkaline antiseptic salt. s. cyanid, 
a powder soluble in water, NaCN: used like 
potassium cyanid. s. diaphtholate, a disin- 
fectant substance, s. dibromomercurate, a 
soluble mercurial compound, HgBr2.2NaBr: used 
hypodermically in syphilis, s. diiodosalicylate, 
OH.C6H2l2-COONa, an analgesic, antipyretic, and 
antiseptic agent, in white, scaly crystals. Dose, 
8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.), s. dimetliylarsenate. 
Same as s. cacodylate, s. dioxid, s. peroxid, 
a white powder, Na2O2: used in dentistry as an 
antiseptic, s. dithiosalicylate. 1. A yel- 
lowish, antiseptic powder: used externally, chiefly 
in veterinary practice. 2. A gray, antiseptic 
powder: useful in rheumatism. Dose, 3-15 gr. 
(0.2-1 gm.). These two salts represent two of 
the nine dithiosalicylic acids, s. ethylate, a 
white powder, CH3CH2ONa: used externally in the 
SODIUM 
1012 
treatment of lupus and psoriasis, s. ethylsul- 
phate, a salt in crystalline plates, NaC2H5SO4: 
cathartic, s. fluorid. Same as fluorol. s. fluo- 
silicate. See s. silicofluorid. s. formate, a 
white, crystalline substance, H.CO.ONa.H2O, 
soluble in water and glycerin. It is used by injec- 
tion in surgical tuberculosis. Dose, f-i| gr. 
(0.025-0.08 gm.), s. glyceroborate, an effective 
and non-poisonous disinfectant, s. glycero- 
phosphate, a nerve-tonic salt, CaHsfOH^POz- 
(0Na)2 + 7H2O; also a solution of the same. Dose, 
3-4 gr. (0.20-0.26 gm.), s. glycocholate, a 
cholagogue salt, C26H42NOeNa, obtained from bile, 
s. guaiacol-carbonate, s. methylsalicyl- 
ate, a white, antirheumatic powder. S. gyno- 
cardate, a yellowish-white powder: used in 
leprosy. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.), s. hippu- 
rate, a uric-acid solvent. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 
gm.), s. hydrate, s. hydroxid, soda; a hard, 
white solid, NaOH, soluble in water. It is strongly 
alkaline and caustic. It is used as a caustic and 
as an antacid. Dose of li'quor so'dee, 5-30 min. 
(0333-2 c.c.). s. hypophosphite, a salt, 
NaH2PO2 + H2O: used in skin diseases, tuber- 
culosis, and rickets. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.33 
gm.), s. hyposulphite, Na2S2O3 + 5H2O, a 
salt in colorless prisms or plates, mostly used in 
skin diseases. Dose, 6-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.), 
s. indigotindisulphonate, indigocarmin, a 
blue powder or purple mass: used as a stain in 
histology and as a test for sugar, s. iodate, 
NalOs, a salt used as an alterative, especially in 
diseases of the mucous surfaces, s. iodid, Nai, 
a binary haloid in colorless crystals: used in 
syphilis, rheumatism, hepatic diseases, etc. Dose, 
5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.); of solution (.liquor), 5-30 
min. (0.333-2 c.c.). s. kakodylate. See s. 
cacodylate. s. kussinate, a whitish-yellow, 
amorphous salt, NaC3iH370io: used to expel tape- 
worms. s. lygosinate, a greenish, crystalline 
compound, Ci7Hi20sNa2 + 7H2O, the sodium salt of 
dioxydibenzol acetone: used in 3 to 8 per cent, 
solution in gonorrhea, s. metaoxycyanocin- 
namate. See zimphene. s. metavanadate, a 
very poisonous vanadium salt, NaVO3. Its use 
stimulates nutrition and improves the appetite: 
used in anemia, neurasthenia, diabetes, and tuber- 
culosis. Daily dose, 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.33 gm.), 
s. methylarsenate. Seearrhenal. s. methyl- 
sulphate, a colorless crystalline cathartic salt, 
NaO.SO2.OCH3. s. monosulphate, a salt, 
Na2SO4, recommended for lead-poisoning, s. 
morrhuate, a salt used in the treatment of 
leprosy and tuberculosis. s. naphtholate. 
Same as microcidin. s. nitrate, Chili saltpeter, 
NaNOs, a compound with purgative properties, 
sometimes administered for dy sentery. Dose, 8-40 
gr. (0.5-2.5 gm.), s. nitrite, a white, crystalline 
salt, NaNQ;: used in angina pectoris, epilepsy, 
atony, and other functional disorders of the blad- 
der. Dose, |~3 gr. (0.033-0.2 gm.), s. nuclein - 
ate, a white powder: employed in puerperal in- 
fections; also in pneumonia and in the diagnosis of 
tuberculosis. Dose, 30-45 gr. (2-3 gm.), s. 
oleate, the sodium salt of oleic acid, NaCisH33O2, 
used in laxative pills: said to have useful action 
on the biliary tract, s. ossalinate, a salt of an 
acid obtainable from ox-marrow: used like cod- 
liver oil. s. oxyalphanaphtholate, a white 
powder, CioHeOH.COONa: antiseptic and anti- 
pyretic. s. paracresotate, a bitter, colorless, 
crystalline powder, the sodium salt of oxytoluic 
acid, CH3.C6H3(OH).COONa: used in acute 
rheumatism. Daily dose 45-90 gr. (3-6 gm.), 
s. parafluorbenzoate, a white powder: used 
internally for lupus, with great caution, s. per- 
borate, a compound, NaBO3.4H2O, formed by 
treating sodium peroxid with boric acid. On dis- 
solving the.substance in water dioxid of hydrogen 
is generated, s. persulphate, a compound, 
Na2S20g, having tonic and antipyretic properties. 
As it liberates oxygen easily, it is used in 3 to 5 per 
cent, solution as a dressing for ulcer lupus, etc.; 
SODIUM also by intravenous injection in the treatment of 
tetanus, s. phenolsulphonate. Same as 
5. sulphocarbolate, s.-phenol sulphoricinate, 
a caustic liquid employed in the treatment of 
diphtheria. s. phenosuccinate, a white 
powder: antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose, 
7I-46 gr. (0.5-3 gm.), s. phosphate, a salt, 
Na2HPO4+i2H2O: used as an aperient and 
cholagogue in diarrhea, jaundice, scrofula, rick- 
ets, etc. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.3-2 gm.), s. pyro- 
phosphas, s. pyrophosphate, Na^Chd- 
10H2C), a salt in colorless prisms: used in phar- 
macy. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.3-1.33 gm.), s. quad- 
riurate exists in certain samples of gouty 
urine, s. salicylate, a white, crystalline salt, 
OH.C6H4.COONa + H2O: antirheumatic, and 
used like salicylic acid. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.133-0.666 
gm.), s. santoninate, a vermicide remedy, 
effective, but said to be dangerous: used in eye dis- 
eases to stimulate the visual powers. Dose, 2-8 
gr. (0.13-0.5 gm.), s. silicate, Na2SiO3: anti- 
septic. Its aqueous solution (liquid glass) hardens 
to a glass-like solid, and is used in preparing im- 
movable surgical dressings, s. silicofluorid, a 
white, crystalline, antiseptic substance, Na2SiFs. 
It is used as an antiseptic, deodorant, and styptic 
in wounds, carious teeth, cystitis, gonorrhea, etc., 
in a 1 : 500 solution, s. sozoiodolate, a white, 
crystalline powder, CeFhDOH.SOgNa + 2H2O: 
antiseptic, and is used internally and subcutane- 
ously in phthisis. Dose, internally, 4-8 gr. (0.25- 
0.5 gm.), s. stearate, CH3(CH2)i6COONa, a 
white soapy powder: used in skin diseases. S. 
succinate, a compound, (CH2.CO.ONal2: usedin 
catarrhal jaundice. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.). 
S. sulphanilate, a salt in white plates, C6H4- 
NH2.SO2NaO.2H2O: used in acute nasal catarrh, 
s. sulphate, Glauber's salt: a white, efflorescent 
salt, Na2SO4 + ioH2O: purgative. Dose, 5-20 
gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.), s. sulphite, a salt in 
white crystals, Na2SO3 + 7H2O: an antiferment. 
Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.), s. sulphoben- 
zoate, a compound, ONa.SO2.CeH4.CO.ONa, used 
as a urinary antiseptic. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.), 
s. sulphocaff eate. See symphorol. s. sul- 
phocarbolate, a salt, OH.CeH4.SO2.ONa.2H2O 
+ 2H2O, in white or colorless prisms: antiseptic 
and antifermentative. Dose, 8-30 gr. (0.518-2 
gm.), s. sulphoichthyolate a, dark brown, 
tarry substance: used like ichthyol, s. sul- 
phoricinate. See polysoheol. s. sulpho- 
salicylate, a white, crystalline, astringent powder, 
/COOH 
CeH3(OH)\ , soluble in water, and used 
\SO3Na 
as an antirheumatic like the salicylate. Dose, 
2-10 gr. (0.133-0.66 gm.), s. sulphovinate, a 
white purgative salt, sodium ethyl sulphate, O.- 
C2H5.SO2.ONa.H2O. Dose, 5 dr. (19 gm.). S. 
sulphurosobenzoate, a colorless, liquid salt, a 
non-toxic antiseptic for external use. s. tauro- 
cholate, the sodium salt of taurocholic acid: used 
to stimulate biliary secretion. Dose, 2-6 gr. (0.13- 
0.4 gm.), s. tellurate, used in the night-sweats 
of tuberculosis. Dose, gr. (0.01-0.02 gm.). S. 
tetraborate, an antiseptic salt, sodiurn pyro- 
borate, Na2B4O7: used like borax, s. thiolinate, 
a soluble preparation of thiolin and soda: used like 
ichthyol in skin diseases, s. thiophenate, a 
white, antiseptic and antipruritic powder, SNa.Ce- 
H4.SO2.ONa: used in ointments for prurigo. S. 
thiophene-sulphonate, a white, crystalline 
salt, SC4H3.SO2.ONa. s. thiosulphate, a ma- 
terial used in various chemic tests. Same as s. 
hyposulphite. s. triphenylrosanilin, alkali 
blue, s.-tumenol sulphonate, a dry, dark- 
colored powder: used in the treatment of skin 
diseases, s. valerianate, a white, crystalline 
salt, NaC5H9O2: a nerve stimulant and antispas- 
modic. Dose, 1-5 gr. (0.065-0.33 gm.), s. vana- 
date, used in anemia, diabetes, tuberculosis, neu- 
rasthenia. Subcutaneous dose, ^5 gr. (0.001 gm.); 
daily dose by the mouth, gr. (0.002 gm.). 
SODIUM 
1013 
sodoku (so'do-koo). Japanese name for rat-bite 
fever. 
sodomist (sod'o-mist). One who practises sodomy, 
sodomite (sod'om-It). Sodomist. 
sodomy (sod'o-me) [after the city of Sodom]. Cop- 
ulation between males by the anus. 
sodophthalyl (so-do-thal'il). Disodoquinone phe- 
nolphthalein: used as a laxative. 
sodor (so'dor). The trade name for steel capsules 
containing liquid carbonic acid: used for impreg- 
nating beverages with carbonic acid. 
Soemmering's spot (sem'er-ingz) [SamuelThomas 
von Soemmering, physician in Frankfurt-am-Main, 
1755-1830]- The macula lutea. 
sofos (so'fos). A proprietary mixture of sodium 
dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydrogen car- 
bonate rendered stable by coating the particles of 
one of the constituents with disodium hydrogen 
phosphate. When treated with water, sodium phos- 
phate is formed and carbon dioxid is set free. 
softening (sof'en-ing). The process of becoming 
soft; malacia; any morbid process of becoming 
soft, as of the brain or spinal cord, or of the vas- 
cular coats, anemic s., disintegration of brain- 
matter from deficient blood-supply, s. of the 
brain. 1. A popular designation for progressive 
dementia with general paresis. 2. True softening 
of the brain-substance; encephalomalacia. col- 
liquative S., softening in which the tissues be- 
come liquefied, gray s., a stage in which the fat 
produced by degeneration has been more or less 
absorbed, green s., a stage in which there is 
green pus present in the degenerated spot, hem- 
orrhagic s., softening of a part due to hemor- 
rhage into it. inflammatory s., a form of red 
softening due to inflammation, mucoid s., myx- 
omatous degeneration, pyriform s. Same as 
yellow s. red s., softening of a patch or of patches 
of brain substance, with local redness due to con- 
gestion. s. of the stomach, gastromalacia; 
softening of the stomach-walls due to an extremely 
acid condition of its contents: the condition is 
usually seen after death, white S., the stage 
next following yellow softening, in which the spot 
has become white from the presence of fatty deposit, 
yellow s., the second of the three stages of the 
myelic process, characterized by fatty degeneration; 
the stage following red softening, in which the 
patch has become yellow as a result of degenerative 
changes. 
soil-disease (soil). Any disease caused by exhala- 
tions from decaying matter in the soil. 
soja bean (so'yah). See soy bean. 
sokodu (so-ko'doo). The Japanese name for rat- 
bite fever. 
sokosha (so-ko'sha). The Japanese name for rat- 
bite fever. 
Sol. Abbreviation for solution. 
sol (sol). 1. A colloidal solution in which the mix- 
ture is liquid. See gel. 2. An abbreviation for 
solution. 
solaesthin (so-les'thin). A synthetic methylene 
chlorid. 
solandrin (so-lan'drin). An alkaloid from the plant 
Solan'dra la'vis, having properties like those of 
hyoscin. 
solanidin (so-lan'id-in). An alkaloid derived from 
solanin. 
solanin (so'lan-in). A poisonous narcotic sub- 
stance, C42H75NO19, obtainable as a white, opaque, 
powdery, or crystalline substance from Sola'num 
ni'grum and other solanaceous plants. Dose, g-l 
gr. (0.011-0.066 gm.). 
solanoid (so'lan-oid) [L. sola'num potato 4- Gr. 
ethos form]. Resembling a raw potato in texture. 
solanoma (so-lan-o'mah). A solanoid cancer. 
Solanum (so-la'num) [L. "nightshade"]. A genus 
of herbs and shrubs, including the potato, several 
of the nightshades, and many poisonous and medi- 
SOLANUM SOLAR 
1014 
SOLUTION 
cinal species. S. carolinen'se, horse-nettle, a 
plant of the United States. The fluidextracts of 
the root and berries are used in epilepsy. Dose, 
30 min. (2 c.c.). S. dulcama'ra. See bitter- 
sweet. S. mammo'sum, the so-called apple of 
Sodom, a plant of North America; also its homeo- 
pathic preparation. S. olea'ceum, the jaqueri- 
oba, an herb of tropical America; also a homeo- 
pathic preparation of its blossoms. S. tubero'- 
sum, the common potato. 
solar (so'lar) [L. sola'ris], 1. Pertaining to the sun. 
2. Noting the great sympathetic plexus and its 
principal ganglia: so called from their radiating 
nerves, s. plexus. See plexus. 
solargentum (sol-ar-jen'tum). A form of colloidal 
silver. 
solarium (so-la're-um) [L.]. A sun-parlor; a glass- 
inclosed room in which sun-baths are taken. 
solation (sol-a'shun). The transformation of a gel 
into a sol. 
Soldaini's reagent or test (sol-dah-e'nez) 
[Arturo Soldaini, Italian chemist]. See under tests. 
soldier's heart. See under heart. 
sole (sol) [L. so'lea; plan'ta]. The bottom of the foot, 
convex s., dropped s. See pumiced foot, under 
foot. S.-plate, a mass of protoplasm in which 
motor nerve-endings are embedded. 
solenoid (so'len-oid). A cage in which the patient 
is placed in arsonvalization. 
soleus (so'le-us) [L. "pertaining to the sole"]. See 
muscles, table of. 
solferino (sol-fer-e'no). Same as fuchsin. 
Solid (sol'id) [L. sol'idus]. 1. Not fluid nor gaseous; 
not hollow. 2. A substance or tissue not fluid nor 
gaseous. 
Solidago (sol-id-a'go) [L.]. An extensive genus of 
composite-flowered plants: the golden-rods. 5. 
virgau'rea, of Europe and North America, is aro- 
matic and diuretic, and is employed as an astrin- 
gent vulnerary. Dose of fluidextract, |-i fl.oz. 
(15-30 c.c.). 
solidism (sol'id-izm) [L. sol'idus solid]. The obso- 
lete doctrine that changes in the solids of the body, 
such as expansion or contraction, are the causes of 
every disease. 
solidist (sol'id-ist). One who accepts the doctrine 
of solidism. 
solidistic (sol-id-is'tik). Pertaining to solidism or 
to the solidists. 
soliteenia (sol-it-e'ne-ah). A brown powder, con- 
sisting chiefly of an extract of pomegranate bark 
and castor oil: used for tapeworm. 
solitary (sol'it-a-re) [L. solita'rius]. Placed alone; 
not grouped with others. 
sol-lunar (sol-lu'nar) [L. sol sun + lu'na moon]. 
Caused by the sun and moon. 
soloid (sol'oid). A cone-shaped preparation of com- 
pressed drugs. 
Solomon's seal (sol'om-unz sei). A popular name 
for various plants of the genus Polygona'tum. P. 
oflicina'le is a mucilaginous astringent and vul- 
nerary: used also in rheumatism. It is said to be 
poisonous in large doses. Dose of fluidextract of 
root, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
solphinol (sol'fin-ol). An antiseptic mixture of 
borax, boric acid, and alkaline sulphites. 
solquinate (sol-kwin'at). A proprietary antiseptic 
preparation of oxyquinolin sulphate. 
solubility (sol-u-bil'it-e). The quality or fact of 
being soluble; susceptibility of being dissolved. 
soluble (sol'u-bl) [L. solu'bilis]. Susceptible of being 
dissolved. 
solubrol (sol'u-brol). A proprietary iodoform sub- 
stitute. 
solurol (sol'u-rol). A trade name for a preparation 
of nucleotin phosphoric acid. Called also thyminic 
acid. 
solute (so-lut'). A substance dissolved in a solution. 
A solution consists of a solute and a solvent. 
solution (so-lu'shun) [L. solu'tio], i. The process 
of dissolving. 2. A liquid containing dissolved 
matter in a state of molecular subdivision, the 
whole forming a homogeneous mixture. 3. A loos- 
ening or separation. See also contiguity, solution of, 
and continuity, solution of. Adams' s., a mix- 
ture of 100 parts ammoniated alcohol and no 
parts of ether (65°). alcoholic s., a solution in 
which alcohol is the solvent. Almen's s. See 
Almen's test, under tests, ammoniacal silver 
S., add ammonium hydroxid to a 5.2 per cent, 
solution of silver nitrate until the precipitate 
formed is redissolved and make the volume up to 
2.6 per cent, anisotonic s., a solution which is 
not isotonic, aqueous s., a solution in which 
water is the solvent, arsenical s. Same as 
Fowler's s. basic lead acetate s., dissolve 180 
gm. of lead acetate in 700 c.c. of boiling water, 
add no gm. of finely powdered lead oxid (litharge) 
and boil one-half hour. Cool, filter, and add 
water to make 1 liter. Belloste's s., solution of 
mercurous nitrate. Biett's S., solution of am- 
monium arsenate. Beyrnick's s., a synthetic 
culture-medium for the growth of nitrogen-fixing 
organisms. It contains potassium acid phosphate 
1 gm., magnesium sulphate 0.2 gm., sodium 
chlorid 0.02 gm., 0.1 per cent, solution of ferric 
sulphate 1 c.c., 0.1 per cent, solution of manganese 
sulphate 1 c.c., and dextrose 20 gm. in 1000 c.c. of 
water. Bondin's s., a weak aqueous solution of 
arsenous acid and wine, borosalicylic s. 
Same as Thiersch's s. Boulton's s., a mixture of 
no min. of compound solution of iodin, 40 min. of 
liquefied carbolic acid, 2I fl.oz. of glycerin, and 
enough water to make 16 fl.oz. Called also French 
mixture, buffer s., a solution which is able to 
take up considerable amounts of either acid or 
alkali when added to it without appreciable change 
in the hydrogen-ion concentration. Burnett's 
s., an aqueous solution of zinc chlorid. Burrow's 
S., alum 5 parts, and lead acetate 25 parts, dis- 
solved in 500 parts of water: used in the treatment 
of burns and of eczema, centinormal s., a solu- 
tion that is one-hundredth part as strong as the 
normal solution. Channing's s., a solution of 
the iodids of mercury and potassium. Clemens' 
S., liquor arsenii bromidi: a 1 per cent, solution of 
the bromid of arsenic. Dose, 1-4 min. (0.066- 
0.266 c.c.). Cohn's s., a synthetic medium for 
growing yeast and molds. It contains monopo- 
tassium acid phosphate 5 gm., calcium phosphate 
0.5 gm., magnesium sulphate 5 gm., and am- 
monium tartrate 10 gm., in water 1000 c.c. col- 
loid s., colloidal s., a solvent containing minute 
particles of matter suspended in it. The solvent is 
called the continuous phase and the suspended 
matter the disperse phase. Called also disperse 
system. See dispersoid and emulsoid. s. of con- 
tiguity, a dislocation, as of the bones of a joint, 
s. of continuity, a break, division, or fracture, 
as of a bone. Dakin's s. See Dakin's fluid, under 
fluid. Daufresne's s., a modified Dakin's solu- 
tion: dissolve 200 gm. of bleaching powder in 5 
liters of water and make a separate solution of 100 
gm. of dry sodium carbonate and qo gm. of sodium 
bicarbonate in 5 liters of water; after filtering the 
two solutions are mixed, decinormal s., a solu- 
tion having one-tenth the strength of a normal 
solution. Delbet's s., a solution of 12.1 parts of 
anhydrous magnesium chlorid in 1000 parts of 
water: used in irrigating wounds, deodorant 
S., a solution of zinc sulphate, naphthol, oil of 
thyme, hypophosphorous acid, and water. Do- 
bell's s., an aqueous solution of sodium bicar- 
bonate, borax, carbolic acid, and glycerin: used 
as a wash or spray for nasal and throat diseases. 
Donovan's s., a solution of the iodids of arsenic 
and mercury: used for cutaneous and venereal sores. 
Dose, 2-10 min. (0.133-0.666 c.c.). Dujardin- 
Beaumetz's s., sodium carbonate, 1 part; po- 
tassium sulphate, 1 part; sodium lactate, 1 part; sodium phosphate, 0.5 part; sodium chlorid, 3.1 
parts, distilled water, 1000 parts: for injection 
in infectious disease. Dunham's s., a solution 
of 1 per cent, of peptone and 0.5 per cent, of 
sodium chlorid in distilled water: used in making 
the indol test. Ehrlich's s., a basic anilin dye 
dissolved in anilin oil and water. Ehrlich- 
Biondi s. See under stain, ethereal s., a 
solution in which ether is the solvent. Farrant's 
s., a mounting preparation used in bacteriologic 
work: glycerin, water, arsenous acid solution, in 
equal parts, gum arabic, half a part. Fehling's 
S., an aqueous solution of cupric sulphate mixed 
with potassiosodic tartrate in a potassium hydroxid 
solution: used in testing for sugar. Fischer's 3., 
a solution of sodium chlorid, 14 gm., and sodium 
carbonate, 20 gm., in 1000 c.c. of water: used by 
rectal or intravenous injection in anuria from 
Bright's disease and eclampsia. Flemming's 
3., a strong solution of aconite. Fowler's s., a 
solution of potassium arsenite, made from 10 grri. 
of arsenous acid, 20 gm. of potassium carbonate, 
30 c.c. of compound tincture of lavender, and 
enough distilled water to make 1000 c.c. It is a 
very convenient form for the administration of ar- 
senic. Dose, 3-10 min. (0.2-0.666 c.c.). Froh- 
mann's s., an aqueous solution of cocain hydro- 
chlorate, morphin hydrochlorate, sodium chlorid, 
antipyrin, and guaiacol: used as a local anesthetic 
in dentistry. Gabbet's 3., a solution containing 
methylene-blue, 2 gm.; sulphuric acid, 25 c.c., and 
water, 75 c.c. It is used as a decolorizer and con- 
trast-stain for tubercle bacilli. Gannal's s., 
solution of aluminum acetate. Golgi's 3., a 
mixture of 1 part of an 8 per cent, solution of 
potassium bichromate with 2 parts of a 1 per cent, 
chromic acid solution, gram-molecular s., 
a solution containing a gram-molecule of the sub- 
stance to a liter of the solution. Gram's s., 
iodin 1 part, and potassium iodid 2 parts, dis- 
solved in 300 parts of water: used as a stain. 
Gulland's s., a mixture of 25 c.c. of absolute 
alcohol, 25 c.c. of ether, and 0.4 c.c. of a 20 per 
cent, alcoholic solution of corrosive sublimate. 
Hall's s., solution of strychnin acetate. Har- 
rington's S., a solution for hand disinfection 
consisting of commercial alcohol (94 per cent.), 640 
c.c.; hydrochloric acid, 60 c.c.; water, 300 c.c.; cor- 
rosive sublimate, 0.8 gm. Hayem's s., a fluid 
used in microscopic examination of the blood. It 
consists of corrosive sublimate, 0.5; sodium sul- 
phate, 5; sodium chlorid, 1; and distilled water, 
200. Her shell's malt extract s. See malt 
extract solution. Hubl's iodin s., 25 gm. of 
iodin and 30 gm. of mercury bichlorid in 1 liter of 
95 per cent, alcohol. Huchard's s., sodium 
phosphate, 10 parts; sodium chlorid, 5 parts; 
water, 100 parts: for injection in infectious dis- 
eases. Hiihnerfeld's s., a solution of glacial 
acetic acid, 2 c.c.; distilled water, 1 c.c.; and oil of 
turpentine and alcohol, each, 100 c.c. hyper- 
osmotic s., hypertonic 3., a solution having 
an osmotic pressure greater than that of blood- 
serum. hyposmotic s., hypotonic s., a 
solution having an osmotic pressure less than that 
of blood-serum. IKI 3., any aqueous solution of 
iodin (I) with the addition of potassium iodid 
(KI) to render it more soluble, isosmotic 3. 
Same as isotonic s. isotonic s., a solution having 
an osmotic pressure the same as that of some other 
solution with which it is compared. An isotonic 
salt s. is an aqueous solution of sodium chlorid 
(0.9 per cent.) having an osmotic pressure the 
same as that of the blood-serum. Javel s., a 
solution of sodium or potassium hypochlorite used 
as a wound antiseptic and in the purification of 
water. Kaiserling's s., a solution for preserving 
morbid tissues, prepared by dissolving 30 gm. of 
potassium acetate and 10 gm. of potassium nitrate 
in 750 c.c. of distilled water and adding 300 c.c. of 
formalin. Koppeschaar's s., a decinormal solu- 
tion of bromin: used as a test. Labarraque's 
S., a solution of chlorinated soda: disinfec- 
SOLUTION 
1015 
tant. See soda, chlorinated. Lang's s., a 
solution of 0.75 gm. of sodium chlorid, 12 gm. of 
mercury perchlorid, 5 gm. of acetic acid, in 100 c.c. 
of distilled water. Lange's s., colloidal gold 
solution, made by adding 5 c.c. of a 1 per cent, 
solution of gold chlorid and 5 c.c. of a 2 per cent, 
solution of potassium carbonate to 500 c.c. of hot 
distilled water. This mixture is heated to the 
boiling-point and then there is added 5 c.c. of a 
1 per cent, solution of formalin, the whole being 
shaken until it has a clear red color. Leary's s., an 
antiseptic mouth-wash consisting of an aqueous 
solution containing 1 per cent, of iodin and 2 per 
cent, of potassium iodid. Locke's s., a solution of 
sodium chlorid, 0.9 per cent.; calcium chlorid, 0.024 
per cent.; potassium chlorid, 0.042 per cent.; sodium 
bicarbonate, 0.01 to 0.03 per cent.; and glucose, 0.1 
per cent. It is used in physiologic experiments to 
keep the mammalian heart beating. Loffler's S., a 
solution of toluol and iron in alcohol: used locally in 
diphtheria. See Loffler's method, under stain. 
Lugol's 3., the official compound solution of 
iodin. Dose, 1-10 min. (0.066-0.666 c.c.). Ma- 
gendie's S., a solution of 16 gr. of morphin sul- 
phate in 1 fl.oz. of water: used for hypodermic in- 
jection. malt extract s., a 25 per cent, solution 
of malt extract in water clarified and sterilized for 
use as a bacteriologic culture-medium. Mandi's 
S., a solution used locally in chronic catarrh, con- 
sisting of 5 gr. iodin, 10 gr. potassium iodid, 2 min. 
phenol, and | oz. glycerin. Mathieu's S., so- 
dium sulphate, 6 parts; sodium phosphate, 4 parts; 
sodium chlorid, 1 part; glycerin, 20 fluid parts; 
water, 100 fluid parts: for injection in infectious dis- 
eases. Mayer's s., a solution of 1 part each of po- 
tassium phosphate, magnesium sulphate, and cal- 
cium phosphate in 200 parts of water: abacterial 
culture liquid. McDonald's s., a solution for ster- 
ilizing the hands and the skin of the abdomen con- 
sisting of acetone 40 parts, denatured alcohol 60 
parts and pyxol 2 parts. Menciere's s. See Men- 
ciere's mixture, under mixture. Mitchell's 3., a 
solution of I gr. of cocain and gr. of adrenalin in 
50 c.c. of normal salt solution, and another in 100 
c.c. of salt solution; the first is used in anesthesia 
and nerve-blocking; the second, for general infiltra- 
tion of the tissues, molar s., a solution contain- 
ing 1 mol (gram molecule) of the solute in 1 liter of 
the solution, molecular disperse s., a true 
solution or a system in which the dispersed particles 
have a diameter of about 0.1 micromicron. Mon- 
sel's S., a styptic solution of basic ferric sulphate 
or subsulphate; liquor ferri subsulphatis. Nae- 
geli's S., a synthetic culture-medium for grow- 
ing yeasts and molds. It contains dibasic potas- 
sium phosphate 1 gm., magnesium sulphate 0.2 
gm., calcium chlorid 0.1 gm., and ammonium 
tartrate 10 gm., in 1000 c.c. of water. Nessler's 
3. Same as Nessler's reagent, under reagent. 
nitrate s., a bacteriologic culture-medium con- 
sisting of peptone 10 gm., potassium nitrate 10 
gm., and water 1000 c.c. normal s., one which 
contains in each liter 1 gm. of (acid) hydrogen or 
enough of the reagent to unite with or replace 1 
gm. of hydrogen, normal salt s. See saline 
s. normal toxin s., a diphtheric toxin-bouillon 
which contains one hundred toxin units, nuclear 
S., breaking up of a cell nucleus; caryolysis. 
Ochsner's 3., carbolic acid, 0.5 per cent.; 
aqueous saturated solution of boric acid, 66 per 
cent.; and alcohol, 33 per cent. Orth's s., a 
histologic fixation mixture of 10 parts of Muller's 
fluid and 1 part of formol. Pacini's s., a solution 
used in microscopic examination of blood. It con- 
sists of corrosive sublimate, 2; sodium chlorid, 4; 
glycerin, 26; and distilled water, 226. Panas' 3., 
1 part of mercuric iodid dissolved in 400 parts of 
alcohol and 20,000 parts of water: used in eye 
inflammations. Pappenheim's s. See under 
stains, table of. Pasteur's 3., a bacteriologic 
culture-medium for growing yeast and molds. It 
contains ammonium tartrate 10 gm.', cane-sugar 
100 gm., and the ash from 10 gm. of yeast in 1000 
SOLUTION c.c. of water. Pavy's s., a solution containing in 
i liter 4.158 gm. of copper sulphate, 20.4 of caustic 
potash, 20.4 of potassium and sodium tartrate, 
and 300 c.c. of ammonia-water. Pearson's s., 
liquor sodii arsenatis: the solution of sodium ar- 
senate. peptone-salt s. See peptone water, 
under culture-medium. Perenyi's s., an embry- 
ologic fixing solution, consisting of 4 parts of a 
10 per cent, solution of nitric acid, 3 parts of 
alcohol, and 3 parts of a 0.5 per cent, solution of 
chromic acid. Plehn's s. See under stains, 
table of. Plenck's s., an external syphilitic 
preparation made by dissolving 1 ounce of mercuric 
chlorid and 1 dram of camphor in 12 ounces of alco- 
hol, and mixing it with a solution of 1 ounce of 
alum and 1 dram of lead acetate in 12 ounces of 
vinegar; it should be used with care. Potain's 
S., a mixture of equal parts of solutions of gum 
arabic, sodium sulphate, and sodium chlorid: used 
for diluting the blood preparatory to counting the 
corpuscles. Pregl's s., an antiseptic solution of 
the sodium salt of hydriodic acid and iodic acid 
with metallic iodin (0.04 per cent.), protein- 
free s. See protein-free culture-medium. Purdy's 
S., a solution containing copper sulphate, 4.752; 
potassium hydrate, 23.5; stronger ammonia-water, 
35o; glycerin, 38; and distilled water to make 1000 
parts. Rienzi's s., iodin, 1 part; potassium iodid, 
3 parts; sodium chlorid, 6 parts; distilled water, 
1000 parts: for injection in infectious diseases. 
Ringer's s. See Ringer's mixture, under mixture. 
Rotter's S., an antiseptic solution consisting of 
2 gm. of carbolic acid, 3 gm. of boric acid, 5 gm. 
each of zinc chlorid and zinc phenolsulphonate, 
5 centigrams of mercury chlorid, 25 of sodium 
chlorid, 60 of salicylic acid, and 10 each of thymol 
and citric acid. Sachsse's S., a solution of po- 
tassium iodid, potassium hydroxid, and red iodid 
of mercury in water: used as a test for sugar, 
saline s., salt s., a solution of sodium chlorid, or 
common salt, in distilled water. Normal or more 
correctly, physiologic salt s. is one that contains 
0.9 per cent, of salt. It resembles in action and 
density most of the animal fluids, and is used 
for intravenous injection after profuse hemor- 
rhage or severe diarrhea. Salkowski's s., a 
mixture of 2 parts of barium hydroxid solution 
saturated at room temperature with 1 part of 
barium chlorid solution saturated at room tem- 
perature. Sapelier's s., sodium chlorid, 60 
parts; potassium chlorid, 5 parts; sodium car- 
bonate, 32 parts; sodium phosphate, 1.5 parts; 
potassium sulphate, 3.5 parts; boiled water, 900 
parts: for injection in infectious diseases, satu- 
rated S., a solution in which the solvent has taken 
up all of the substance that it can hold in solu- 
tion. Schallibaum's s., a solution for attach- 
ing paraffin sections to slides, consisting of 1 part 
of celloidin in 3 or 4 parts of oil of cloves. 
Schiassi's s. See Schiassi's serum, under serum. 
Schleich's S. See Schleich's anesthetic, under an- 
esthetic. Schwarz's s., sodium chlorid, 6 gm.; 
solution of caustic potash and soda, 2 min; water, 
1000 c.c.; for injection in infectious diseases, semi- 
normal S., a solution containing half as much of 
a reagent as the normal solution, standard s., 
one which contains in each liter a definite amount 
of any reagent. Called also volumetrics. Stewart's 
S. 1. A solution of 1 part of alum sulphate and 2 
parts of chlorinated lime in 100 parts of water, the 
whole boiled for five minutes: used for sterilizing 
the hands of surgeons. 2. A solution containing 1 
gr. calomel in 2 oz. each of alcohol, glycerin, and 
tincture of iodin. supersaturated s., a solu- 
tion made in a heated condition, containing a 
greater quantity of a solid than could be dis- 
solved at any ordinary temperature. Suzmann's 
S., a saline infusion solution consisting of so- 
dium chlorid, 6 parts; sodium carbonate, 1 part; 
and distilled water, 1000 parts. Sydmann's 
S., sodium chlorid, 6 parts; sodium bicarbonate, 
1 part; water, 1000 parts: for injection in in- 
fectious diseases. test-s. See test-solution. 
SOLUTION 
1016 
Thiersch's s., a solution of boric acid, 12 
parts, and salicylic acid, 2 parts, in 1000 parts 
of water: used as an antiseptic wash. Thomp- 
son's S., liquor phosphori: a solution of 1 gr. 
of phosphorus, 460 min. of absolute alcohol, 10 
min. of spirit of peppermint, and 2 fl.oz. of glycerin. 
Toison's s. See under stain. Tsuchiya's s., a 
solution of 1.5 gm. of crystalline phosphotungstic 
acid in 100 gm. of 96 per cent, alcohol and 5 gm. of 
concentrated hydrochloric acid: used for quan- 
titative estimation of the albumin in the urine. 
Uschinsky's s., a solution in 1000 c.c. of water of 
4 gm. of asparagin, 6 gm. of ammonium lactate, 2 
gm. of neutral sodium phosphate, and 5 gm. of so- 
dium chlorid: used as a culture-medium for bac- 
teria. van Swieten's s., a solution of mercuric 
chlorid in 100 parts of alcohol and 900 parts of 
water. Villate's s., a mixture of 6 parts each of 
zinc sulphate and copper sulphate with 12 parts of 
solution of lead subacetate and 20 parts of vinegar: 
used in the treatment of caries. Vleminckx's 
S., liquor calcis sulphuratas; a mixture of fresh 
slaked lime, 2 parts; sublimed sulphur, 3 parts; 
and water enough to make 12 parts. It is used in 
seborrhea. Volhard's s., a decinormal solution 
of potassium thiocyanate, volumetric s. See 
standard s. Waller's s., to 1 liter of Hubl's solu- 
tion add 50 c.c. of strong hydrochloric acid. 
Wijs' S., a solution of iodin monochlorid made as 
follows: Dissolve separately in glacial acetic acid 
9.4 gm. of iodin trichlorid and 7.2 gm. of iodin. 
Mix, make up to a liter, and titrate. Winograd- 
sky's S., a synthetic culture-medium for the 
growth of nitric organisms. It contains potassium 
phosphate 1 gm., magnesium sulphate 0.5 gm., 
calcium chlorid 0.01 gm., sodium chlorid 2 gm., 
and ammonium sulphate 2 gm., in 1000 c.c. of 
water. Winogradsky's s. (for nitrous organ- 
isms): It contains ammonium sulphate 1 gm., 
potassium sulphate 1 gm., and basic magnesium 
carbontae 5 to 10 gm., in water 1000 c.c. Woel- 
fler's S., benzoin varnish; a preparation made 
by shaking together 1 part of iodoform and 10 
parts of compound tincture of benzoin: used to 
paint over raw tissues. Wright's s., sodium 
citrate, 11 gr.; sodium chlorid, 20 gr., and distilled 
water to make 1 fl.oz. Zenker's s., a fixative 
solution of corrosive sublimate 5, potassium bi- 
chromate 2.5, sodium sulphate 1, water 100. 
Ziehl's s. See stains, table of. 
solutol (sol'u-tol). An antiseptic solution of cresol 
and sodium cresotinate. 
solv. An abbreviation of Latin sol've, dissolve, 
solvable (sol'va-bl). Soluble. 
solvate (sol'vat). A compound of one or more 
molecules of a solvent with the ions or with the 
molecules of a dissolved substance. 
solvation (sol-va'shun). Chemical combination of 
a solvent with the solute. 
solvent (sol'vent) [L. sol'vens]. 1. Dissolving; 
effecting a solution. 2. A liquid that dissolves 
or that is capable of dissolving. 
Solved (sol've-ol). A patented solution of cresol 
and sodium cresotinate: disinfectant. 
solvin (sol'vin). Sodium sulphoricinate: a brown, 
viscid liquid prepared from any fatty acid by 
the action of sulphuric acid, and neutralized 
with sodium hydroxid; it is a strong solvent, and 
destroys the red blood-corpuscles: antiseptic. 
solvosal (sol'vo-sal). A compound, CgHs.COs.Ce- 
H4.O.PO(OH)2, or salol phosphorous acid, whose 
lithium salt is diuretic and antiseptic and is used 
like salicylic acid. Called also salolphosphinic acid. 
soma (so'mah) [Gr.]. The body; the body tissue as 
contrasted with germinal tissue. 
somacule (so'mak-ul) [Gr. awfxa body]. The 
smallest possible particle of protoplasm. 
somal (so'mal). Pertaining to the body. 
somasthenia (sbm-as-the'ne-ah) [Gr. awga body + 
a neg. + adevos strength]. A condition of bodily 
SOMASTHENIA weakness, poor appetite and sleep, and inability 
to maintain a normal active life without easy 
exhaustion. 
somatalgia (so-mat-al'je-ah) [Gr. awpa body 4- 
aXyos pain]. Bodily pain. 
somatesthesia (so-mat-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. aw/xa 
body + aWqats sensation]. The consciousness 
of having a body. 
somatesthetic (so-mat-es-thet'ik). Pertaining to 
somatesthesia. 
somatic (so-mat'ik) [Gr. acaparcKos]. Pertaining 
to the body; especially pertaining to the frame- 
work of the body, as distinguished from the viscera, 
somaticosplanchnic (so-mat"ik-o-splank'nik). 
Somaticovisceral. 
somaticovisceral (so-mat"ik-o-vis'er-al). Per- 
taining to the body and viscera. 
somatist (so'mat-ist) [Gr. awpa body]. A psychiat- 
rist who believes that neuroses and psychoses are 
of physical origin and are based on bodily lesions. 
somatoblast (so-mat'o-blast) [Gr. aw pa body 4- 
PXaarbs germ]. Any one of the cytoblasts ag- 
gregated in the protoplasm of the cell outside of 
the body. 
somatoceptor (so-mat'o-sep-tor). A ceptor which 
receives a stimulus from the mittor of an adjoining 
neuron. 
somatochrome (so-mat'o-krom) [Gr. awpa body 4- 
Xpwpa color]. Any nerve-cell which has a well- 
marked cell-body completely surrounding the 
nucleus, its colorable protoplasm having a dis- 
tinct contour: used also adjectively. 
somatoderm (so-mat'o-derm) [Gr. aw pa. body 4* 
beppa skin]. The somatic layer of mesoderm. 
somatodidymus (so"mat-o-did'im-us) [Gr. awpa 
body 4- bibvpos twin]. A twin monster with the 
bodies united. 
somatodymia (so"mat-o-dim'e-ah) [Gr. awpa body 
4- bvetv to enter]. The blending of the bodies of 
twin monsters into one. 
somatogenesis (so"mat-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. awpa. body 
4- yevtais production]. The formation or emer- 
gence of bodily structure out of hereditary sources; 
the formation of somatoplasm out of germ plasm. 
somatogenetic (so-mat"o-jen-et'ik). Aiding in 
the reproduction of the body. 
somatogenic (so"mat-o-jen'ik) [Gr. awpa body 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Originating in the cells of 
the body. 
somatology (so-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. awpa body 4~ 
Xbyos word]. The sum of what is known regard- 
ing the body; the study of the anatomy and 
physiology of the body. 
somatome (so'mat-6m) [Gr. awpa body 4- repveiv 
to cut]. 1. An appliance for cutting the body of 
the fetus. 2. A somite. 
somatopagus (so-mat-op'ag-us) [Gr. awpa body 4~ 
Trqyvwai to fix]. A double monstrosity with sep- 
arate trunks. 
somatopathic (so-mat-o-path'ik) [Gr. awpa body 
4- ?ra0os disease]. Disordered in body; organic, as 
distinguished from psychopathic or neuropathic. 
somatoplasm (so-mat'o-plazm) [Gr. awpa body 4- 
TrXaaaeiv to mold]. Weismann's term for the mat- 
ter composing the body tissues, which completes a 
life cycle and dies, as distinguished from the 
germ-plasm, which resides in the germ cells and is 
potentially immortal, being passed on from 
generation to generation. Cf. germ-plasm. 
somatopleural (so"mat-o-plu'ral). Pertaining to 
the somatopleure. 
somatopleure (so-mat'o-plur) [Gr. awpa body 4- 
TrXeupa side]. 1. The somatic mesoblast; the 
upper layer of the mesoblast adjoining the epi- 
blast, the under one being the splanchnopleure. 
2. More correctly, the layer formed by the so- 
matic mesoblast and the epiblast. 
SOMATALGIA 
1017 
somatopsychic (so-mat-o-si'kik) [Gr. awpa. body 4- 
pvxil mind]. Pertaining to both body and mind.. 
somatopsychosis (so"mat-o-si-ko'sis) [Gr. awpa 
body + psychosis]. Southard's name for a mental 
disease symptomatic of bodily disease. 
somatose (so'mat-6s). A patented yellow food- 
powder made up of soluble albumoses derived 
from beef, milk-s., a similar preparation of 
albumoses derived from milk. 
somatosplanchnopleuric (so"mat-o-splank-no- 
plu'rik). Pertaining to the somatopleure and 
the splanchnopleure. 
somatotomy (so-mat-ot'o-me) [Gr. awpa body + 
repvtLv to cut]. The anatomy or dissection of 
the body. 
somatotridymus (so"mat-o-trid'im-us) [Gr. awpa 
body + rplbvpos threefold]. A fetal monster 
with three trunks. 
somesthesia (so-mes-the'ze-ah). The sensibility to. 
bodily feeling or bodily sensations. 
somesthetic, somsesthetic (so-mes-thet'ik) [Gr. 
<rwpa body + sensation]. Pertaining to 
the bodily sensations. 
somite (so'mit) [Gr. o-wpa body], i. A segment of 
the trunk of the embryo; one of the segmented 
masses of mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo 
which gives rise to the somatic muscles. Called 
also myotome, primitive segment, mesodermal seg- 
ment, mesoblashc s. or protovertebral s. Same as 
metamere. 
somnal (som'nal) [L. som'nus sleep]. A clear, 
colorless liquid, C7H12NO3C13, from urethan, alco- 
hol, and chloral. It is hypnotic and diuretic. 
Dose, in alcoholic solution (1-3 parts), 20-60 
min. (1.333-4 C.C.). 
somnalgesin (som-nal-je'sin). A proprietary sed- 
ative, analgesic, and antipyretic. Dose, 1-5 gr. 
(0.065-0.33 gm.). 
somnambulance (som-nam'bu-lans). Somnam- 
bulism. 
somnambulism (som-nam'bu-lizm) [L. somnam- 
bulis'mus; som'nus sleep + ambula're to walk]. 
1. Habitual walking in the sleep. 2. A hypnotic 
state in which the subject has the full possession 
of his senses. 
somnambulist (som-nam'bu-list). A person who 
walks in his sleep. 
somnarium (som-na're-um) [L. som'nus sleep]. An 
institution for the treatment of functional neuroses 
by sleep. 
somnifacient (som-nif'a-shent) [L. som'nus sleep 
+ fac'ere to make]. 1. Causing sleep; hypnotic. 
2. A medicine which induces sleep. 
somniferin (som-nif'er-in) [L. som'nus sleep + 
per're to bring]. 1. A derivative of morphin, 
said to be safer and more effective than mor- 
phin. 2. A narcotic alkaloid from Witha'nia som- 
nij'era. 
somniferous (som-nif'er-us) [L. som'nus sleep 4* 
per're to bring]. Inducing or causing sleep. 
somnific (som-nif'ik). Somnifacient. 
somniloquence, somniloquism, somniloquy 
(som-nil'o-kwens, som-nil'o-kwizm, som-nil'o- 
kwe) [L. som'nus sleep + lo'qui to speak]. The 
habit of talking in one's sleep. 
somniloquist (som-nil'o-kwist). One who talks 
in his sleep. 
somnipathist (som-nip'ath-ist) [L. som'nus sleep 
+ Gr. it ados illness]. A person in or subject to 
hypnotic trance. 
somnipathy (som-nip'ath-e) [L. som'nus sleep 4- 
Gr. ira-dos sickness]. A condition of hypnotic 
trance. 
somnoform (som'no-form). A mixture of 60 parts 
of ethyl chlorid with 35 parts of methyl chlorid 
and 5 parts of ethyl bromid: used as an anes- 
thetic for minor operations. 
somnol (som'nol) [L. som'nus sleep]. Chloretha- 
SOMNOL SOMNOLENCE 
1018 
SORORIATION 
nal alcoholate, C9HnO8Cl9; a hypnotic and cere- 
bral sedative: used like chloral hydrate. 
somnolence (som'no-lens) [L. somnolen'tia sleepi- 
ness]. Sleepiness; also unnatural drowsiness. 
somnolent (som'no-lent) [L. somnolen'tus}. Af- 
fected with somnolence. 
somnolentia (som-no-len'she-ah) [L.]. 1. Drowsi- 
ness, or somnolence. 2. Sleep-drunkenness; a con- 
dition of incomplete sleep in which some of the 
faculties are excited while the rest are in repose. 
The patient is excited and may become violent. 
somnolism (som'no-lizm). A state of mesmeric, 
or hypnotic, trance. 
somnone (som'non). A proprietary hypnotic 
preparation of opium, lactucarium, and lupulin. 
Dose, 15-30 min. (1-2 c.c.). 
somnos (som'nos). A proprietary hypnotic and 
sedative, said to be chlorethanal alcoholate, 
f oHiACI,. 
somnus (som'nus) [L.]. Sleep. 
somopsychosis (so"mo-si-ko'sis) [Gr. awga 
body + psy cosis}. A mental disorder in which 
the symptoms are chiefly bodily, that is, sensory, 
motor, or visceral, in character. 
somosphere (so'mo-sfer) [Gr. aw pa body + <r<palpa 
sphere]. One of the elements of the archiplasm. 
sonde coude (sond koo-da') [Fr. " bent sound "]. 
A catheter with an elbow, or sharp, beak-like 
bend, near the end. 
sonifer (son'if-er) [L. so'nus sound + fer're to 
bear]. A variety of ear-trumpet. 
sonitus (son'it-us) [L. " sound "]. A sounding 
or tinkling in the ears; tinnitus aurium. 
sonnin (son'in). An antiseptic compound of boric 
acid and phenols. 
sonometer (so-nom'et-er) [L. so'nus sound + me'- 
trum measure]. 1. An apparatus for testing acute- 
ness of hearing. 2. An instrument for measuring 
the ratios of sound-vibrations in various bodies. 
sonorous (so-no'rus) [L. sono'rus}. Resonant; 
sounding. 
soor (sor). German for thrush. 
soot-cancer, soot-wart (soot). The scrotal can- 
cer of chimney-sweepers. 
sophistication (so-fis-tik-a'shun) [Gr. aotpcartKos 
deceitful]. The adulteration of food or medicine. 
sophol (so'fol). A proprietary preparation of for- 
maldehyd, nucleic acid, and silver; silver formo- 
nucleinate: used in gonorrheal ophthalmia. 
sophomania (sof-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. ao<pbs wise + 
pavla madness]. An insane belief in one's own 
great wisdom. 
Sophora (so-fo'ra) [Arabic sofara], A genus of 
leguminous trees and shrubs. The root and seed 
of 5. tomento'sa are used in India to arrest chol- 
eraic vomiting. For certain poisonous species, 
see loco. 
sophorin (sof'o-rin). A fluid alkaloid found in 
the seeds of various species of Sopho'ra; it is poi- 
sonous and has properties like those of Calabar 
bean. 
sopor (so'por) [L.]. Sound, deep, or profound sleep, 
soporiferous (so-po-rif'er-us) [L. so'por sleep + 
fer're to bring]. Inducing deep or profound 
slumber. 
soporific (so-po-rif'ik) [L. soporif'icus]. Causing 
or inducing profound sleep. 
soporose, soporous (so'po-ros, so'por-us) [L. so- 
po'rus}. Associated or affected with coma or 
profound slumber. 
S. op. s. Abbreviation for L. si o'pus sit, if neces- 
sary. 
Soranus (so-ra'nus). A celebrated Greek physician, 
the most renowned gynecologist of antiquity, 
born at Ephesus and educated at Alexandria. 
He lived under the reigns of the emperors Trajan 
and Hadrian. Among his writings are " Acute 
and Chronic Diseases " and " On the Obstetric 
Art," parts of which have survived. 
sorbefacient (sor-be-fa'shent) [L. sorbe're to 
suck + fa'cere to make], i. Promoting absorp- 
tion. 2. A remedy that promotes absorption. 
sorbite (sor'bit). A crystalline, hexahydris alcohol, 
CH2OH.(CHOH)4CH2OH, from the tree Sor'bus 
aucupa'ria. It is also called sorbitol, has a sweet 
taste, and yields dextrose on oxidation. 
sorbose (sor'bos). A ketohexose, CH20H(CH0H)a.- 
CO.CH2OH, isomeric with levulose from the juice 
of mountain ash berries. It is an oxidation product 
of sorbite. 
sorcymes (sor'simz). Combinations of albuminous 
bodies with metals in such wise that in the break- 
ing down process of the former the metals are set 
free; the detection of the free metals by the usual 
chemical reagents is then a measure of the albumin- 
oid decomposition. In the serodiagnosis of preg- 
nancy, a combination of iron and placental extract 
is used. When used in diagnosis, the preparations 
are called diasorcymes; when employed to bring 
about reactions against pathologic processes for 
therapeutic purposes, they are called serasorcymes. 
sordes (sor'dez) [L. " filth "]. The dark-brown, 
foul matter which collects on the lips and teeth 
in low fevers. It consists of a mixture of food, 
epithelial matter, and microorganisms. S. gas'- 
tricae, undigested food, mucus, etc., in the 
stomach. 
sore (sor). A lesion of the tegument, such as an 
ulcer or abscess; less frequently, a wound, chrome 
S. See chrome ulcer, under ulcer, fungating 
s., a soft chancre with granulations, hard s., a 
chancre. Lahore S. See furunculus orientalis. 
Madagascar s., oriental s. See furunculus 
orientalis. Moultan S., furunculus orientalis. 
soft s., a chancroid. Umballa s., furunculus 
orientalis. Veldt S., an ulceration on the legs 
and forearms, occurring in South Africa, vene- 
real S., a chancroid. 
sore-head. See epithelioma contagiosum. 
sore-shins. Periostitis of the metacarpal bones of 
the horse. 
sore-throat (sor-throt'). See laryngitis, pharyn- 
gitis, tonsillitis, clergyman's s., dysphonia 
clericorum. cyclists' S., a form of sore-throat 
peculiar to bicyclers, and said to be due to in- 
halation of road-dust, diphtheric s., croup- 
ous tonsillitis. Fothergill's s., ulcerative 
angina of severe scarlatina, hospital s., septic 
inflammation of the pharynx and fauces sometimes 
affecting nurses and interns in hospitals, putrid 
s., gangrenous pharyngitis, septic s., a severe 
type of sore throat occurring in epidemics, marked 
by intense local hyperemia with or without a gray- 
ish exudate and enlargement of the cervical lymph- 
glands. It is caused by a peculiar type of hemo- 
lytic streptococcus, the infection being spread by 
direct contact or by milk. Called also streptococcus 
sore throat and streptococcus tonsillitis, spotted 
s,, follicular tonsillitis, streptococcus s. See 
septic s. ulcerated s., putrid sore throat. 
sorghum (sor'gum) [L.]. 1. A cane-like grass, 
Andropo'gon sorgh'um, of many varieties: culti- 
vated for its juice, from which sugar and syrup 
are prepared. It is frequently a cause of poison- 
ing to cattle who eat it. 2. A syrup prepared from 
the above: used as an article of food. The seed 
of broom-corn, a cultivated variety of A. saccha- 
ra'tum, is a soothing diuretic. Dose of fluidex- 
tract, 1 fl.dr. (4 c.c.). 
sorisin (so-ri'sin). A solution of sulphoguaiacolate 
of sodium with iron or arsenic in syrup of orange: 
used as a tonic for anemic and poorly nourished 
children. 
soroche, sorroche (sor-o-cha') [Sp. " antimony "]• 
Mountain-sickness of the Andes, incorrectly 
ascribed to metallic exhalations. 
sororiation (so-ro-re-a'shun) [L. sororia're to in- crease together]. Increase in size of the breasts at 
puberty. 
sorption (sorp'shun). The combination of water 
within a colloid or coagulum. 
S. O. S. Abbreviation for L. si o'pus sit, if occasion 
require, if necessary. 
SOSOn (so'son). An artificial food-product, recom- 
mended as a substitute for meat. 
soterocyte (so'ter-o-sit) [Gr. o-urfjp savior + kvtos 
cell]. Platelet. 
sotopan (so'to-pan). A proprietary compound of 
quinin, iron, bromin, calcium, and phosphoric 
acid: stomachic, sedative, and roborant. 
Soudan III (soo-dan'). A diazo-compound: used as 
a stain for fats. See Sudan. 
soudanite (su'dan-et) [Fr.; from Sudan (Arabic 
suddn black), in Africa]. A fever of tropical 
Africa, often leading to homicidal mania. 
souffle (soof'fl) [Fr. a puff; L. suffla're to blow]. 
A soft, blowing, auscultatory sound, cardiac s., 
any cardiac murmur of a blowing quality, elec- 
tric S., the aura, or slight current of electrified 
air, which passes from a static electric machine 
while it is in action, fetal s., a blowing sound 
sometimes heard in pregnancy: supposed to be 
due to compression of the umbilical vessels, 
funic s., funicular s., a hissing souffle syn- 
chronous with the fetal heart-sounds, and sup- 
posed to be produced in the umbilical cord, pla- 
cental s., a souffle supposed to be produced by 
the blood-current in the placenta, splenic 
S., a sound said to be sometimes audible over a 
diseased spleen, umbilical s. Same as funic- 
ular s. uterine s., a sound made by the blood 
within the arteries of the gravid uterus. 
soulal (soo'lal). A severe form of scabies in Arabs, 
soul-pain (sol'pan). Psychalgia. 
souma, soumaya (soo'mah, soo-mah'yah). A dis- 
ease of cattle, horses, goats,* and camels in the 
Sudan; said to be caused by the Trypanoso'ma 
cazal'boui, which is transmitted by various species 
of Glossina. 
sound (sownd) [L. so'nus]. 1. The effect pro- 
duced on the organ of hearing by the vibrations 
of the air or other medium. 2. The vibrations 
collectively which normally impress the organs 
of hearing. 3. An instrument to be introduced 
into a cavity, so as to detect a foreign body or to 
dilate a stricture, anasarcous s., a bubbling 
sound of moist quality often heard over edema- 
tous skin, auscultatory s., any sound heard 
on auscultation, bandbox s., a highly resonant 
sound elicited by percussion over the chest in cases 
of emphysema of the lung. Beatty-Bright's 
friction-S., the friction-sound of pleurisy. Bel- 
locq's S. See Bellocq's cannula, under cannula. 
bellows S., an endocardial murmur resembling 
the sound made by a bellows. Benique's s.[ a 
lead or tin sound, having a wide curve, for dilating 
urethral strictures, bottle-s. Same as am- 
phoric rdle. See rale, cardiac s. Same as 
heart-sounds, s.-conducting apparatus, the 
parts of the auditory apparatus external to the 
cochlea. cracked-pot s., a percussion- 
sound indicative of a pulmonary cavity into 
which the breath may pass, cracked-pot s., 
cranial, a peculiar sound due to the separa- 
tion of the cranial sutures from a cerebellar tumor, 
esophageal s., a long, flexible sound for ex- 
ploring the esophagus, flapping s., the pecu- 
liar sound made by the closure of the heart- 
valves. friction-s., any sound produced by 
the rubbing of one surface over another, heart- 
s's, the two sounds heard over the cardiac re- 
gion. The first is dull and prolonged, and occurs 
along with the systole of the ventricles; the sec- 
ond occurs along with the closure of the semi- 
lunar 'valves, and is short and sharp, hippo- 
cratic s., the succussion-sound heard in pyo- 
pneumothorax or seropneumothorax, kettle- 
SORPTION 
1019 
singing s., a sound resembling the boiling of 
water in a kettle: heard in the chest in the early 
stages of pulmonary tuberculosis, lacrimal s., 
a sound of small caliber for use in the lacrimal 
canal, mid-diastolic s., a sharp sound heard 
on auscultation just before the first sound of the 
heart, produced by the auricular systole when the 
auricular and ventricular systoles are discontinuous, 
muscle-s., the sound heard over a muscle 
when in a condition of contraction, peacock- 
S., a quality of voice due to various defects 
and lesions of the air-passages, s. -perceiv- 
ing apparatus, the cochlea and the audi- 
tory nerve, with its terminations and connections 
with the auditory nucleus and auditory center, 
percussion-s., any sound obtained by percus- 
sion. respiratory s., any sound heard on aus- 
cultation over any portion of the respiratory tract, 
siphon-s., a variety of tube or siphon for the 
stomach, sizzling s's, sounds as of fermenta- 
tion in the stomach. subjective s. i. Same as 
phonism. 2. The sound sometimes produced by the 
blood-current in the ears of the auscultator. SUC- 
cussion-s's, splashing sounds heard on succussion 
over a distended stomach and in hydrOpneumo- 
thorax. to-and-fro s., the peculiar friction- 
sound heard in pericarditis and pleuritis. ure- 
thral S., a long, slim, slightly conic instrument of 
steel for exploring and dilating the urethra, water- 
wheel s. See bruit de moulin, water-whistle 
s., a whistling sound heard over a fistula of the 
lung. Winternitz's s., a double-current cathe- 
ter. For other sounds, see under bruit, fremittis, 
murmur, and rale. 
sourwood (sow'er-wood). A small tree of North 
America, Oxyden'drum arbo'reum: its leaves are 
tonic, refrigerant, and diuretic. Dose of fluid- 
extract, J-2 fl.dr. (2-8 C.c.); of extract, 5-15 gr. 
(0.333-1 gm.). 
southernwood (suth'ern-wood). See abrotanum. 
Southey's tubes (south'ez) [Reginald S. Southey, 
English physician, 1835-1899]. See under tube. 
Soxhlet's apparatus (soks'lets) [Franz Soxhlet, 
German chemist, born 1848]. See under apparatus. 
soya (so'yah). See soy bean. 
soy bean (soy). The bean of the leguminous plant, 
So'ja his'pida (Glyci'ne so'ja), or Chinese bean. It 
contains little starch and is rich in alkaloids, and 
from it is prepared a meal which is used in making 
bread for diabetics. It also furnishes a ferment, 
urease. See urease. 
Soymida febrif'uga (soi'mid-ah). A tree of south- 
ern Asia. The bark is bitter, astringent, and 
aromatic: very useful in intermittent fevers. 
sozal (so'zal). Aluminum paraphenol sulpho- 
nate: a crystalline powder, [CeH^OHlSOa OfoAl, 
soluble in water, glycerin, and alcohol: used as 
an antiseptic in a 1 per cent, solution, especially 
for application to ulcers. 
sozalbumin (so-zal-bu'min) [Gr. to save + 
albumin]. Any defensive protein that is not a 
toxalbumin. 
sozin (so'zin) [Gr. aiSfecv to save]. Any defensive 
protein occurring normally in the body. Sozins 
are distinguished as mycosozins, or those which 
act by destroying the bacteria themselves, and 
the toxosozins, or those that counteract the poisons 
generated by the bacteria. 
soziodol (so-zi'o-dol). See sozoiodol. 
sozoborol (so-zo-bo'rol). A preparation of aris- 
tol and the borates and sozoiodates: used in nasal 
catarrh. 
sozoderma (so-zo-der'mah). A proprietary anti- 
septic soap. 
sozoiodol (so-zo-i'o-dol). Sozoiodolic acid: a pat- 
ented antiseptic diiodoparaphenolsulphonic acid, 
CeHaDfOHjSOgH, occurring in acicular prisms 
being a derivative of iod^n and phenolsulphonic 
acid. It is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and 
parasiticide, chiefly in the form of sozoiodolates. 
SOZOIODOL sozoiodolate (so"zo-i-od'o-lat). Any compound 
of sozoiodol. The sozoiodolates of mercury, 
sodium, zinc, etc., are antiseptic remedies, lead 
s., a compound in fine needles: antiseptic, mer- 
cury s., a pale yellow powder, (OH.CbH2I2.SO3)2- 
Hg, soluble in salt water: used locally and by 
injection in the treatment of syphilis. It is used 
in a 25 per cent, solution or a 1 per cent, oint- 
ment. potassium s., a white, crystalline 
salt, C6H2l2(OH)SOsK + 2H2O: antiseptic; 
soluble in 10 parts of water: used as an anti- 
septic in burns, eczemas, etc., in 10 to 25 per 
cent, dusting-powder or 10 per cent, ointment, 
sodium s., a white, crystalline compound, C0- 
H2l2OH.SO3Na 4- 2H2O, soluble in water, glyc- 
erin, and alcohol: used as an antiseptic; inter- 
nally, in diarrhea, diabetes, phthisis, etc., and 
externally in wounds, diphtheria, skin diseases, 
etc. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.3-2 gm.); of solution, 1 
to 8 per cent, zinc s., an antiseptic, (C6H2I2- 
(OH)SO3)2Zn -|- 6H2O, in colorless crystals: used 
as an astringent antiseptic in gonorrhea, catarrh, 
etc., in 5 to 20 per cent, dusting-powder or 2 
per cent, solution. 
sozolic acid (so-zol'ik). See aseptol. 
Sp., sp. An abbreviation for L. spir'itus, spirit. 
Space (spas) [L. spa'tium]. Any area or cavity of 
the body, apical s., the space between the wall 
of the alveolus and the apex of the root of a tooth. 
It is filled with the soft tissue of the peridental 
membrane and is the seat of alveolar abscess, 
arachnoid s. See subarachnoid s. and subdural s. 
axillary s., the axilla. Bogros's., a space hav- 
ing the peritoneum above and the fascia transver- 
salis below; in it the lower part of the external iliac 
artery can be found without cutting the peritoneum, 
bregmatic s., the anterior fontanel. Broca's 
S., the central part of the anterior olfactory lobe of 
the brain. Burns' s., a space between the 
layers of the deep cervical fascia: it sometimes 
contains a lymphatic gland, cardiac s., the 
space on the surface of the chest which overlies 
the heart. The deep cardiac s. is the portion that 
lies over the lung-covered parts of the heart. 
The superficial cardiac s. is the area in the chest 
that lies over the portion of the heart that is not 
covered by the lung, cartilage s's, the spaces in 
hyaline cartilage which contain the cartilage 
cells, cathodal dark s. See Crookes' s. 
cell s's, the spaces in the ground-substance 
of connective tissue inclosing the connective- 
tissue corpuscles. chyle s's, the central 
lymphatic spaces of the villi of the intestine, 
circumlental s., the space between the ciliary 
body and equator of the lens. Colles' s., a space 
under the perineal fascia containing the trans- 
versus perinei, ischiocavernosus, and bulbocav- 
ernosus muscles, the posterior scrotal or. labial 
vessels and nerves, and the bulbous portion of the 
urethra, complemental S., the space between 
the two layers of the pleura at the lower border of 
the lung, corneal S., the space between the 
layers of the cornea. Cotunnius' S., the space 
within the membranous labyrinth. Crookes' s., 
a dark space at the cathode of a nearly exhausted 
x-ray tube through which a current is being passed. 
Called also cathodal dark s. cupola s., the 
attic of the tympanum. Czermak's s's, irregu- 
lar vacant places in the interglobular substance of 
dentin, dead s. 1. A space remaining after 
suture of a wound which is not closed by the dress- 
ings that are applied. 2. The space within the 
bronchial tree, so called because the air filling this 
space is not useful in the respiratory process. 
Douglas' s., Douglas' pouch. See pouch. 
epidural s's, the lymph-spaces between the 
dura of the spinal cord and the periosteum 
lining the spinal canal. epispinal s's, 
the spaces between the substance of the spinal 
cord and the pia mater. _ epitympanic s., the 
attic of the tympanum. Fontana's s's, the 
spaces between the processes of the ligamentum 
SOZOIODOLATE 
1020 
pectinatum of the iris, haversian s's, haver- 
sian cavities, irregular, marrow-filled cavities 
in spongy and in developing bones. Henke's s., 
a space containing connective tissue between the 
spinal column and the pharynx and esophagus. 
His' perivascular s's, the lymph-spaces that 
surround the blood-vessels of the spinal cord, in- 
tercostal s., the space between two adjacent 
ribs, intercrural s., the triangular space be- 
tween the crura cerebri, interfascial s. See 
Tenon's s. interglobular s's, irregular spaces 
near the periphery of the dentin due to defect- 
ive calcification. interlamellar s's, the 
spaces between the lamellae of the cornea, inter- 
osseous s's, spaces between parallel long bones, 
interpeduncular s., the posterior perforated 
space, interpleural s., the mediastinum, 
interproximal s., interproximate s., the 
space between adjoining teeth; called also septal s. 
inter septal s., a space in the embryonic heart 
between the superior and the spurious septa, in- 
tervalvular s's, the intervals-(i) between the 
aortic sinuses and (2) between the pulmonary 
sinuses on the outer side respectively of the aorta 
and the pulmonary artery, intra-adventitial 
S., a lymph-space in the brain just within the adven- 
titial sheaths, intra vaginal s. See subvaginal 
s. Kiernan's s's, interlobular lymph-spaces in 
the liver. Kretzschmann's s., a depressed 
area in the attic of the tympanum below Prussak's 
space. Kuhnt's s's, a succession of radiating 
spaces in the eye containing aqueous humor. Lar- 
rey's s's, intervals between those parts of the 
diaphragm which are attached to the ribs and 
that which is attached to the sternum. Leshaf t ' s 
S., a rhombus which in some persons exists be- 
tween the external oblique muscle in front, the 
latissimus dorsi behind, the serratus posticus 
above, and the internal oblique below. Here an 
abscess may point or a hernia occur, lymph-S., 
an open space connected with the lymphatic 
system; in a wide sense the term includes the 
serous and synovial cavities, lymph-s., sub- 
dural, an extensive capillary lymph-cleft between 
the dura and the arachnoid. Magendie's s's, 
lymph-spaces between the pia and arachnoid cor- 
responding to the principal sulci of the brain. 
Malacarne's s., the posterior perforated space. 
Meckel's s., an intradural cavity which contains 
the gasserian ganglion, mediastinal s., the 
mediastinum, medullary s., the central space 
and intervals between the trabeculae of bone which 
contain the marrow. Mohrenheim's s., a 
groove on the deltoid muscle for the cephalic 
vein and a branch of the acromiothoracic artery, 
S.-nerve. See nerve. Nuel's s., an opening 
in the organ of Corti between the outer brain- 
cells and the outer rods, parasinoidal s's, 
spaces in the dura along the superior longitud- 
inal sinus which receive the venous blood. Par- 
ona's s., a space between the pronator quad- 
rat us muscle and the deep flexor tendons in the 
forearm about 2 inches above the wrist, in direct 
continuity with tendon sheaths and middle pal- 
mar space, perforated s., an area at the base of 
the brain pierced by several blood-vessels. Called 
also substantia perforata, perforated s., ante- 
rior, that part of the perforated space which 
is situated on the inner side of the fissure of Syl- 
vius, anterior to the optic tracts, perforated 
S., posterior, a part of the perforated space 
within the interpeduncular angle and just in 
front of the pons, perichoroid s., the space 
between the choroid and the sclera, pharyngo- 
maxillary s., the space included between the 
lateral wall of the pharynx, the internal pterygoid 
muscle, and the cervical vertebrae, pneumat- 
ic S., any one of the accessory sinuses of the 
nose. Poiseuille's s., that part of the cavity 
of a blood-vessel, situated near the periphery, 
in which red corpuscles do not move, pop- 
liteal s., the lozenge-shaped space at the back 
of the knee and thigh, postperforated s., 
SPACE 1021 
the posterior perforated space, preperitoneal 
S., the space or series of alveolar spaces below the 
peritoneal tissue and in front of the bladder. 
Called also Retzius' s. prevesical s., the space 
immediately above the os pubis and between the 
transversalis fascia and the posterior surface of 
the rectus abdominis muscle. Prussak's S., 
a space in the attic having, above, the external 
ligament of the malleus, outward, Shrapnell's 
membrane, and the neck of the malleus inward, 
retroperitoneal s., the space behind the peri- 
toneum and in front of the spinal column and 
lumbar muscles. retropharyngeal s., the 
space behind the pharynx containing areolar 
tissue. Retzius' S. See preperitoneal s. 
Robin's s's, minute spaces in the external coat 
of an artery connecting with the lymphatics. 
Schwalbe's s. Same as subvaginal s. semi- 
lunar s. See Traube's s. s.-sense. See sense. 
septal s., the deep portion of the interproximal 
space. See interproximal s. subarachnoid s., 
a space between arachnoid and pia containing 
cerebrospinal fluid, subdural s., a lymph-space 
between the dura and the arachnoid, subgin- 
gival S., the space between the gingiva and the 
tooth enamel which it covers, subumbilical 
s., the somewhat triangular space within the 
body cavity just below the navel, subvag- 
inal s., a lymph-space within the sheath of 
the optic nerve. suprasternal s., Burn's 
space. Tarin's s., the posterior perforated 
space. Tenon's s., a lymph-space between 
the sclera and Tenon's capsule, thyrohyal 
S., the depressed space between the thyroid 
cartilage and hyoid bone in front. Traube's 
semilunar s., an area on the left side and 
front of the lower part of the chest, over which 
the air in the stomach produces a vesiculotym- 
panitic sound, triangular s., the triangu- 
lar space on the external surface of the bladder 
between the vasa deferentia and the reflection 
of the rectovesical pouch. undefended s. 
Same as pars membranacea septi. Virchow- 
Robin's s., a lymph-space between the outer and 
middle coats of an artery. Westberg's s., the 
peri-aortic space between the pericardium and be- 
ginning of the aorta, yolk-s., the space formed 
by the retraction of the vitellus of the ovum from 
the zona pellucida. Zang's s., an interval on the 
supraclavicular fossa between the two lower ten- 
dons of the sternomastoid muscle, zonular s's, 
the intercommunicating spaces between the fibers 
of the suspensory ligament of the lens: also called 
canal of Petit. 
spadic (spa'dik). The native name in western 
South America for the leaves of the coca plant 
when used for chewing. 
spagiric (spaj-ir'ik). Pertaining to the obsolete 
alchemistic or paracelsian system of medicine. 
spagirist (spaj'ir-ist). An iatrochemist: a fol- 
lower of Paracelsus. 
Spallanzani (spal-an-zan'e), Lazarro. An emi- 
nent Italian anatomist, 1729-1799. In 1768 he 
published " On the Action of the Heart in the 
Blood-vessels "; he also wrote several other 
treatises. 
spanemia, spansemia (span-e'me-ah) [Gr. <r-Kavbs 
scarce + al pa blood]. Poverty or thinness of 
the blood; anemia. 
spanemic (span-e'mik). 1. Pertaining to or affected 
with spanemia; anemic. 2. A medicine that tends 
to impoverish the blood. 
Spanish fly (span'ish). See Cantharis. 
spanomenorrhea (span-o-men-o-re'ah) [Gr. aTravos 
scarce + menorrhea], Scanty menstruation. 
spanopnea, spanopnoea (span-op-ne'ah) [Gr. 
VTravbs scanty + -irvoia. breath], A nervous affec- 
tion, with slow, deep breathing and a subjective 
feeling of dyspnea. 
sparadrap (spar'ad-rap) [L. s paradr a'pum]. A 
medicated bandage or plaster. 
SPADIC 
sparer (spar'er). A substance which is destroyed in 
metabolism, but which, through its destruction, les- 
sens the destruction of other substances. 
sparganosis (spar-gan-o'sis). Infestation with Spar- 
ganum. 
Sparganum (spar-ga'num). A group name for 
several larvae of the family Dibothriocephalidae, 
of which the adult form is unknown and the true 
genus, therefore, undetermined. 
spargosis (spar-go'sis) [Gr. a-irdpyuais swelling]. 
Excessive swelling or distention, particularly of 
the mammae with milk. 
spark (spark). A flash of light attended with a 
crackling sound, made by a discharge of elec- 
tricity. direct s., an electric spark which passes 
through the body from electrodes without the 
use of a Leyden jar. 
Sparmannia africa'na (spar-man'e-ah). A mu- 
cilaginous African plant (order Tilia'cece)-. emol- 
lient. 
spartein (spar'te-in) [L. spar'tium broom]. A 
clear liquid alkaloid, C13H26N2, from broom 
(scopa'rius). It is poisonous, and acts like digi- 
talis. Dose, 5-2 gr. (0.033-0.133). s. sul- 
phate, a white, crystalline compound, C13H26- 
N2.H2SO4 + 5H2O; a cardiac poison: used like 
digitalis. Dose, gr. (0.0065-0.065 gm.). 
spartium (spar'she-um) [Gr. ajraproo]. Same as 
Scoparius. • 
spasm (spazm) [L. spas'mus; Gr. airaapos]. A 
sudden, violent, involuntary, rigid contraction 
due to muscular action. When persistent, it is 
called tonic s.; when characterized by alternate 
contraction and relaxation, it is a clonic s.; also 
a sudden but transitory constriction of a passage, 
canal, or orifice. Spasm is attended by pain 
and interference with function, producing invol- 
untary movement and distortion, s. of accom- 
modation, spasm of the ciliary muscles, pro- 
ducing excess of accommodation for near objects, 
athetoid s., a spasm in which the affected mem- 
ber makes movements like those of athetosis. 
Bell's s., convulsive tic. bronchial s., spas- 
modic contraction of the muscular coat of the bron- 
chial tubes, such as occurs in asthma, cadaveric 
S., rigor mortis causing movements of the limbs, 
canine s., the sardonic grin. See sardonic, car- 
popedal S., spasm of the wrist or foot, or of the 
thumbs and great toes: seen in children with rickets 
and in cases of laryngismus stridulus, cerebral 
S., one due to a cerebral lesion, clonic s., 
a spasm in which rigidity of the muscles is fol- 
lowed immediately by relaxation, cynic s. See 
risus sardonicus. facial s., clonic spasm of 
the muscles supplied by the facial nerve, either 
involving the entire side of the face or confined 
to a limited region around the eye. fixed s., 
permanent rigidity of a muscle or set of muscles, 
functional s. Same as occupation-neurosis. 
See neurosis. habit-S., habitually performed 
spasmodic movements; especially involuntary 
movements performed habitually in connection 
with particular acts, as teething. See also tic. 
handicraft s., any occupation-neurosis, his- 
trionic s., convulsive tic; convulsion of the 
facial muscles analogous to writers' cramp, in- 
spiratory S., spasmodic contraction of the mus- 
cles of inspiration, intention s., muscular 
spasm occurring on attempting voluntary move- 
ment. lock-S., a firm tonic spasm that seems 
to lock the fingers together, as in writers' cramp 
and in other similar affections, mallea- 
tory s. Same as malleation. mimic s., 
convulsion of the facial muscles, mobile s., 
a tonic spasi# with irregular movements of the 
extremities. It occurs especially after hemiplegia, 
and is then called spastic hemiplegia and post- 
hemiplegic chorea, myopathic s., that which 
accompanies a disease of the muscles, nicti- 
tating s. Same as winking s. nodding S., 
salaam convulsions; clonic spasm of the stemo- 
SPASM mastoid muscles, producing bowing motions, 
occupation s., a spasm, such as writers' cramp, 
due to continual repetition of some movement, 
perineal s., vaginodynia. phonatory s., 
spasm of the tensors of the vocal bands, profes- 
sional s. Same as occupation s. progressive 
torsion s., dystonia musculorum deformans, res- 
piratory S., spasm of the muscles of respiration, 
retrocolic s., spasmodic retroflexion of the head. 
Romberg's s., masticatory spasm of the muscles 
supplied by the fifth nerve, rotatory s., inter- 
mittent spasm of the splenius muscle causing rota- 
tion of the head, salaam s. Same as nodding 
s. saltatory s., palmus; clonic spasm of the 
muscles of the legs, producing a peculiar jumping 
or springing motion in the patient, sewing s., 
spasm of the muscles of the forearm and hand in 
those engaged in sewing, such as seamstresses, 
shoemakers, tailors, etc. shoemakers' s., spasm 
of the muscles of the forearm and hand in shoe- 
makers. Smith's s., hephestic hemiplegia. See 
hemiplegia, syncionic s., clonic spasm of more 
than one muscle, tetanic s. 1. Emprosthoto- 
nos, pleurothotonos, or opisthotonos. 2. Same 
as tonic s. tonic s., spasm in which rigidity 
persists for a considerable time, tonoclonic s., 
a convulsive twitching of the muscles, tooth s., 
infantile eclampsia, toxic s., that which is due to 
a poison, winking s., spasmodic twitching 
of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle and of the 
eyelid, writers' s., writers' cramp. 
spasmodermia (spaz-mo-der'me-ah) [Gr. aicaapos 
spasm + Seppa skin]. A spasmodic affection of 
the skin. 
spasmodic (spaz-mod'ik) [Gr. airatrpuSrjs]. Of the 
nature of a spasm. 
spasmodism (spaz'mo-dizm). A spasmodic con- 
dition due to medullary excitation. 
spasmology (spaz-mol'o-je) [Gr. cnraapos spasm 
+ Xoyos discourse]. The sum of what is known 
regarding spasms. 
spasmolygmus (spaz-mo-lig'mus) [Gr. airaapos 
spasm + Xvypos a sob]. Spasmodic hiccup. 
spasmophile (spaz'mo-fll). Same as spasmophilic. 
spasmophilia (spaz-mo-fil'e-ah) [Gr. anaapPs 
spasm -]- tpiXetv to love]. Spasmophilic diathesis; 
a condition in which the motor nerves show 
abnormal sensitiveness to mechanical or electric 
stimulation, and the patient shows a tendency to 
spasm, tetany, and convulsions. 
spasmophilic (spas-mo-fil'ik). Marked by a ten- 
dency to spasms. 
spasmotin (spaz'mo-tin). A poisonous ecbolic 
and acid principle, C20H2iO9, from ergot. Dose, 
i-ij gr. (0.04-0.1 gm.). 
spasmotoxin (spaz-mo-toks'in) [Gr. mraapPs spasm 
4- to^ikov poison]. A poisonous principle from 
cultures of the bacillus of tetanus. 
spasmus (spaz'mus) [L.; Gr. aTraapos spasm]. 
Same as spasm, s. nu'tans, nodding spasm. 
spastic (spas'tik) [Gr. airaariKos]. Of the nature 
of or characterized by spasms. 
spasticity (spas-tis'it-e). The state or quality of 
being spastic; marked hypertonus of muscles. 
spa'tia zonula'ria. Same as Petit's canal. 
spatial (spa'shal). Pertaining to space. 
spatium (spa'she-um), pl. spa'tia; Latin for space. 
s. an'guli i'ridis [B N A], the space of Fontana, 
spa'tia intercosta'lia [B N A], the intercostal 
spaces, spa'tia zonula'ria [B N A]. Petit's 
canal. 
spatula (spat'u-lah) [L.]. A flat, blunt, knife- 
like instrument, used for spreading plasters and 
for mixing ointments and masses, s. mal'lei, 
the flat end of the handle of the malleus, attached 
to the membrana tympani. Roux's s., a small 
steel spatula for transferring infected material to 
culture-tubes. 
spatulated (spat'u-la-ted). Flattened into the 
shape of a spatula. 
SPASMODERMIA 
1022 
spavin (spa'vin). A disease of the hock-joint of a 
horse, producing lameness, blood-s., a soft 
swelling on the inside of the hock, formed by 
dilatation of a vein. bog-S., a dilatation of the 
capsular ligament of the tibiotarsal joint of a 
horse, forming a swelling on the inside of the 
hock. bone-S., an exostosis on the inside of the 
hock, high-s., a tumor or enlargement on the 
upper part of the inside of the hock. 
spavined (spav'ind). Affected with spavin. 
spay (spa). To deprive of the ovaries. 
spearmint (sper'mint). A labiate herb, Men'tha 
vir'idis: carminative and refrigerant. See under 
Mentha. 
specialism (spesh'al-izm). Devotion to a special 
department of medicine or surgery. 
specialist (spesh'al-ist). A practitioner who de- 
votes himself to a special class of diseases. 
species (spe'shez) [L.]. i. Any primary subdivi- 
sion of a genus. 2. A mixture or powder pre- 
pared from dried herbs, seeds, barks, and the 
like: chiefly intended to be made into a decoc- 
tion. aromatic S. [L. species aromat'ica}, a 
mixture of garden thyme, wild thyme, pepper- 
mint, lavender (2 parts, each), and cubeb and 
cloves (1 part each), diuretic s. [L. spe'cies 
diurefica], a mixture of ononis root, lovage 
root, juniper-berries, and licorice, emollient s. 
[L. spe'cies emollien'tes], a powder containing 
althea leaves, melilot, mallow, flaxseed, and 
matricaria. s. laxan'tes, a mixture of senna, 
elder-flowers, fennel, anise, and potassium bitar- 
trate. Called also St. Germain tea, or German 
tea. s. ligno'rum, wood tea; a preparation of 
sassafras, licorice, ononis root, and guaiacum 
wood. s. pectora'les, a mixture of althea, tus- 
silago, licorice, mullein leaves, and orris root; 
breast tea. 
specific (spe-sif'ik) [L. specif'icus]. 1. Pertaining 
to a species. 2. Produced by a single kind of 
microorganism. 3. A remedy specially indi- 
cated for any particular disease, s. gravity. 
See gravity. 
specificity (spes-if-is'it-e). The quality or fact of 
being specific. 
specillum (spe-sil'um) [L. spece're to look], A 
sound or probe. 
spectacles (spek'tak-lz) [L. spectacu'la; specta're 
to see]. A pair of lenses in a frame to assist 
vision, bifocal s., Franklin s., pantoscopic 
S., spectacles with two half-lenses of different 
foci for each of the eyes: the upper half for dis- 
tant, and the lower for near, vision, compound 
S., spectacles fitted with extra colored glasses, or 
extra lenses, to be used as occasion requires, 
decentered s., spectacles with lenses formed 
from eccentric portions of two convex lenses, 
divided s., bifocal spectacles. Masselon's s., 
spectacles with an attachment for keeping the 
upper lid raised in cases of paralytic ptosis, mica- 
S., spectacles of sheet mica: used to protect the eye 
from foreign bodies, periscopic s., spectacles 
with either menisci or concavoconvex surfaces 
toward the eyes: these allow the eyes consider- 
able latitude of motion, prismatic s., specta- 
cles for correcting muscular defects, pulpit s., 
spectacles containing the lower segments of the 
lenses only, stenopeic s., spectacles fitted 
with metal plates, having each a small central 
aperture, tinted s., spectacles of a glass so 
colored as to protect the eyes from the effects of 
too bright light, wire-frame s., a kind of 
spectacles of wire gauze worn to protect the eye 
from the entrance of foreign bodies. 
spectral (spek'tral). Pertaining to a spectrum; 
performed by means of a spectrum. 
spectrochrome (spek'tro-krom) [L. spec'trum 4- 
Gr. xp&pa color], A term applied to a method of 
treatment consisting of exposure of the part to be 
treated to light of various colors. 
SPECTROCHROME spectrocolorimeter (spek"tro-ko-lor-im'et-er). 
An ophthalmospectroscope used in detecting 
color-blindness for one color. 
spectrometry (spek-trom'et-re) [L. spectrum 
image + me'trum measure]. The determina- 
tion of the places of the lines in a spectrum. 
spectrophotometer (spek"tro-fo-tom'et-er) [spec- 
trum + photometer}. 1. An apparatus for meas- 
uring the light-sense by means of a spectrum. 
2. An apparatus for estimating the quantity of 
coloring-matter in solution by the quantity of 
light absorbed (as indicated by the spectrum) in 
passing through the solution. 
spectrophotometry (spek"tro-fo-tom'et-re). The 
use of the spectrophotometer. 
spectropolarimeter (spek"tro-po-lar-im'et-er). 
A combined spectroscope and polariscope for de- 
termining optical rotation. 
spectroscope (spek'tro-skop) [L. spec'trum image 
-f- Gr. aKoireiv to view]. An instrument for de- 
veloping and analyzing the spectrum of a body. 
spectroscopic (spek-tro-skop'ik). Of, pertaining 
to, or performed by, the spectroscope. 
spectrum (spek'trum), pl. spec'tra [L. " image "]. 
A variously colored band into which light is de- 
composed in passing through a prism or grating 
of glass, absorption s., one afforded by light 
which has passed through various gaseous media, 
each gas absorbing those rays, of which its own 
spectrum is composed, chemic s., that part of 
the spectrum which includes the ultra-violet or 
actinic rays, chromatic s., that part of the 
spectrum which includes the visible rays, con- 
tinuous S., one in which Fraunhofer's lines are 
not developed, diffraction-s., a spectrum 
formed by the passage of light through a diffrac- 
tion grating, fortification s. See teichopsia. 
gaseous s., one which is afforded by an incan- 
descent gas. ocular s. Same as after-image. 
prismatic s., one obtained by refraction through 
a prism, solar s., that which is afforded by sun- 
light. thermal s, that part of the spectrum 
which contains the ultra-red or heat rays, toxin 
S., a diagram in the form of a spectrum employed 
by Ehrlich to show the neutralizing power of anti- 
toxin. 
speculum (spek'u-lum), pl. spePula [L. " mirror "]. 
1. An appliance for opening to view a passage or 
cavity of the body. 2. The septum pellucidum. 
bath-S., a kind of vaginal dilator introduced 
during the bath and allowing the water to fill 
the vagina. It is used in connection with the 
sitz-bath. Bozeman's s., a bivalve specu- 
lum the blades of which remain parallel when 
separated. Brinkerhoff's s., a rectal speculum 
consisting of a conical tube having a closed ex- 
tremity, but provided with a sliding bar on the side 
which provides an opening. Cook's s., a three- 
pronged rectal speculum. Cusco's s., a form of 
vaginal speculum, the two blades of which are 
worked by a screw, duck-billed s., a form of 
two-valved vaginal speculum. Fergusson's s., a 
cylindric speculum for the vagina made of sil- 
vered glass. Gruber's s., a form of ear specu- 
lum. s. Helmon'tii, the central tendon of the 
diaphragm. Kelly's s., a rectal speculum tubular 
in shape and fitted with an obturator. Martin's 
S., a rectal speculum, consisting of a conical cylinder 
with an obturator. Mathew's s., a four-pronged 
rectal speculum, s. rhomboi'deum, the lum- 
bodorsal fascia. Sims' s., a form of duck-billed 
vaginal speculum. Stop-S., an eye speculum 
with an appliance for controlling the degree to 
which its branches spread. 
spedalskhed (sped-alsk'hed). Norwegian leprosy. 
Spee's embryo (spaz) [Ferdinand Grof von Spee, 
German embryologist, born 1855]. See under 
embryo. 
speech (spetsh). The utterance of vocal sounds 
conveying ideas, s.-center, that situated in the 
third left frontal convolution. See center, clipped 
SPECTROCOLORIMETER 
1023 
S., utterance in which the words uttered are 
slurred over and uncompleted: it is sometimes one 
of the features of general paresis. Called also 
slurred s. echo-s. i. Echolalia. 2. Speech 
produced in the hypnotic state by pressure on the 
neck, abdomen, or right eyebrow, or speaking 
into the mouth, explosive s., loud, sudden 
enunciation seen in certain brain diseases, mirror- 
S., a speech abnormality in which the order of syl- 
lables in a sentence is reversed, s'.-reading, 
the understanding by deaf-mutes of what is spoken, 
scamping s. Same as clipped s. scanning- 
S., speech in which the syllables are separated by 
prolonged pauses, slurred s.( the chopping off 
of syllables on words in speech: seen in paralysis 
of the insane, staccato s., speech in which each 
syllable is uttered separately: seen in multiple 
sclerosis, s.-tract, the fibers connecting the 
speech-center with the nuclei of the nerves which 
supply the muscles of phonation. 
speedy-cut (spe'de-kut). Injury of the foreleg of 
a horse near the knee, made by the shoe of the 
opposite foot. 
Spencer-Wells' facies [Sir Thomas Spencer-Wells, 
English surgeon, 1818-1897]. See Wells' facies, 
under facies. 
Spengler's fragments, immune body, meth- 
od, tuberculin, etc. (speng'lerz) [Carl Spengler, 
contemporary Swiss physician]. See under frag- 
ment, body, tuberculin, etc. 
Spens' syndrome (spenz) [Thomas Spens, physi- 
cian in Edinburgh, 1764-1842]. Adams-Stokes' 
disease. See disease. 
sperm (sperm) [Gr. aireppa seed]. 1. The semen or 
testicular secretion. 2. One of the mature germ- 
cells of a male animal. S.-cell, a spermatozoon; 
more correctly, a spermatid, s.-nucleus, the 
nucleus of a spermatozoon. 
sperma (sper'mah). See sperm. 
spermaceti (sper-mas-e'te) [L.; also ceta'ceum; 
Gr. (TTreppa. seed + k^tos whale]. A white, crys- 
talline fat, consisting chiefly of cetyl palmitate, 
C16H31O2.C16H33, from the head of the sperm- 
whale, Physe'ter macroceph'alus, and the bottle- 
nosed whale, Hypero'ddon rostra'tus. It is a de- 
mulcent, and is an ingredient of various cerates 
and ointments. Called also cetaceum. 
spermacrasia (sper-mak-ra'zhe-ah) [Gr. aneppa 
semen + aKpaata ill mixture]. Deficiency of 
spermatozoa in the semen. 
spermase (sper'mas). An oxidizing enzyme found 
in barley 
spermatemphraxis (sper"mat-em-fraks'is) [Gr. 
cnreppa. seed + epippaaaeiv to obstruct]. Obstruc- 
tion to the discharge of semen. 
spermathanaton (sper-mah-than'at-on) [sperm + 
Gr. Oavaros death], A proprietary contraceptive, 
being a mixture of sodium meta- and tetraborates, 
setting free hydrogen peroxid. 
spermatic (sper-mat'ik) [L. s permat'icus; Gr. 
trireppaTiKos}. Pertaining to the semen; seminal. 
spermatid (sper/mat-id). A cell derived from a 
secondary spermatocyte by fission, and developing 
into a spermatozoon. Called also spermatoblast. 
spermatin (sper'mat-in) [Gr. (nr'eppa seed]. An 
albuminoid substance derived from the semen. 
It is related to mucin and to nucleo-albumin. 
spermatism (sper'mat-izm) [Gr. <nrep par capos}. 
The production or discharge of semen. 
spermatitis (sper-mat-i'tis). Inflammation of a 
vas deferens; deferentitis or funiculitis. 
spermatoblast (sper'mat-o-blast) [Gr. aireppa 
seed + SXaaros germ]. A term originally ap- 
plied to the supporting cell of Sertoli, but now 
used with the same meaning as spermatid. 
spermatocele (spePmat-o-sel) [Gr. aireppa seed 
+ K-qX-q tumor]. A cystic distention of the 
epididymis or the rete testis containing sper- 
matozoa. 
SPERMATOCELE SPERMATOCIDAL 
1024 
SPERMOPHLEBECTASIA 
spermatocidal (sper"mat-o-si'dal) [sperm 4- L. 
caddere to kill]. Destructive to spermatozoa. 
spermatocyst (sper'mat-o-sist) [Gr. aireppa seed 
4- KvaTcs bladder], A seminal vesicle; also a 
spermatocele. 
spermatocystectomy (sper"mat-o-sis-tek'to-me) 
[spermatocyst 4- Gr. kuropi) excision]. Excision 
of the seminal vesicles. 
spermatocystitis (sper"mat-o-sis-ti'tis). Inflam- 
mation of a seminal vesicle. 
spermatocystotomy (sper"mat-o-sis-tot'o-me) 
[spermatocyst 4- Gr. to ph cut]. The operation of 
making an incision into the seminal vesicles for 
the purpose of draining. 
spermatocytal (sper"mat-o-si'tal). Pertaining to 
a spermatocyte. 
spermatocyte (spePmat-o-sit) [Gr. aireppa seed 
4- kvtos cell]. The mother-cell of a spermatozobid. 
primary s., a cell derived from a spermatogonium, 
secondary s., one of the two cells into which a 
primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn 
gives origin to spermatids. 
spermatogenesis (sper"mat-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. o-Trep- 
pa semen 4- yej'eais origin]. The development 
of the spermatozoon. 
spermatogenic (sper"mat-o-jen'ik) [Gr. aireppa 
semen 4- yevvav to produce]. Producing semen 
or spermatozoa. 
spermatogenous (sper-mat-oj'en-us). Spermato- 
genic. 
spermatogeny (sper-mat-oj'en-e). Same as sper- 
matogenesis. 
spermatogone (sper'mat-o-gbn). Spermatogo- 
nium. 
spermatogonium (sper"mat-o-go'ne-um) [Gr. 
aireppa seed 4- yovh generation]. An undifferen- 
tiated germ cell of a male, originating in a seminal 
tubule and dividing into two primary spermato- 
cytes. Called also spermatophore, spermatospore, 
and spermospore. 
spermatoid (sper'mat-oid) [Gr. aireppa seed 4- 
eifios form]. 1. Resembling semen. 2. A male or 
flagellated form of the malarial microparasite. 
spermatology (sper-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. aireppa seed 
4~ \6yos treatise]. The sum of what is known 
regarding the semen. 
spermatolysin (sper-mat-ol'is-in). A substance 
causing spermatolysis. 
spermatolysis (sper-mat-ol'is-is) [Gr. aireppa seed 
4- Xvais solution]. Destruction or solution of 
spermatozoa. 
sperma to lytic (sper"mat-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to 
spermatolysis. 
spermatomere (sper'mat-o-mer) Spermatomerite. 
spermatomerite (sper"mat-o-me'rit) [Gr. aireppa 
seed 4- pepos part]. One of the granules of 
chromatin into which the sperm-nucleus splits 
up after entrance of the spermatozoa. 
spermatopathia, spermatopathy (sper"mat-o- 
path-e'ah, sper-mat-op'ath-e) [Gr. aireppa seed 4- 
iraOos affection]. A diseased condition of the 
semen. 
spermatophobia (sper"mat-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. o-rep- 
pa seed 4- <pb^os fear]. A morbid dread of being 
affected with spermatorrhea. 
spermatophore (spe/mat-o-for) [Gr. aireppa seed 
4- <popeiv to carry], 1. See spermatogonium. 2. 
A capsule containing several spermatozoa. 
spermatoplania (sper"mat-o-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. airep- 
pa seed 4- irXavij wandering]. Metastasis of the 
semen. 
spermatopoietic (sper"mat-o-poi-et'ik) [Gr. airep- 
pa seed 4- iroieiv to produce]. Subserving or pro- 
moting the secretion of semen. 
spermatorrhea (sper"mat-or-e'ah) [Gr. aireppa 
seed 4- poia flow]. Involuntary, too frequent, 
and excessive discharge of semen without copu- 
lation. 
spermatoschesis (sper-mat-os'ke-sis) [Gr. a-weppa 
semen + axecris check]. Suppression of the 
secretion of semen. 
spermatospore (sper-mat'o-spor) [Gr. asreppa 
semen + airopos spore]. A spermatogonium. 
sperma to toxin (sper"mat-o-toks'in). Same as 
spermotoxin. 
spermatovum (sper-mat-o'vum) [Gr. aireppa seed 
+ L. o'vum egg]. A fecundated ovum. 
spermatoxin (sper-mat-oks'in). A toxin destruc- 
tive to spermatozoa. 
spermatozoal, spermatozoan (sper-mat-o-zo'al, 
-zo'an). Pertaining to spermatozoa. 
spermatozoicide (sper"mat-o-zo'is-id) [Gr. aireppa 
seed + ippov animal + L. coe'dere to kill], i. 
Causing the death of spermatozoa. 2. An agent 
which destroys the spermatozoa. 
spermatozoid (sper'mat-o-zoid) [Gr. aireppa seed 
+ animal + elSos form]. Same as sper- 
matozoon. 
spermatozoon (sper"mat-o-zo'on) [Gr. aireppa 
semen + £<pov animal]. The motile generative 
element of the semen which serves to impregnate 
the ovum. It consists of a head, or nucleus, a 
middle piece, and a flagellum, or tail. 
spermaturia (sper-mat-u're-ah) [Gr. aireppa seed 
4* ovpov urine]. The presence or discharge of 
semen in the urine. 
sperm-center (sperm'sen-ter). The centrosome 
of the spermatozoon during fertilization. 
spermectomy (sper-mek'to-me). Excision of a 
portion of the spermatic cord. 
spermiduct (sper'mid-ukt) [Gr. aireppa seed + 
L. duc'tus duct]. The ejaculatory duct and 
vas deferens together. 
spermin (sper'min). 1. A leukomain, C2H5N, 
from semen, sputum, and from various other 
animal substances. It is a soluble crystalline 
substance, and has an active tonic and stimulating 
influence upon the nervous system. It is used 
in neurasthenia, locomotor ataxia, diabetes, etc., 
and in all nervous disorders complicated with 
anemia. Dose of 2 per cent, solution, 8-15 min. 
(0.5-1 c.c.), subcutaneously. 2. A therapeutic 
preparation of the testes of animals. Called also 
testicle juice, s. aurochlor id, a golden-yellow 
compound, C2H6N.HCl.AuCl3. s. phosphate, 
the substance, (C2H5N)4H4Ca(PO4)2, of which 
the Charcot-Neumann crystals are composed: 
found also in various organs and secretions in 
leukemia, asthma, and emphysema. 
sperminum (sper-mi'num). Same as spermin (2d 
def.). 
spermoblast (sper'mo-blast) [Gr. aireppa sperm + 
pXaaros germ]. A spermatid. 
spermolith (sper'mo-lith) [Gr. aireppa seed + 
Xidos stone], A calculus in the spermiduct. 
spermoloropexis (sper"mo-lo-ro-peks'is). Sper- 
moloropexy. 
spermoloropexy (sper-mo-lo'ro-peks-e) [Gr. aireppa 
semen 4- Xupov thong 4- irrj^is fixation]. Fixation 
of the spermatic cord to the periosteum of the 
pubes in operation for undescended testicle. 
spermolysin (sper-mol'is-in). Same as spermotoxin. 
spermolysis (sper-mol'is-is) [Gr. aireppa seed 4" 
Xvais solution]. Destruction of spermatozoa. 
spermolytic (sper-mo-lit'ik). Destroying sper- 
matozoa. 
spermoneuralgia (sper"mo-nu-ral'je-ah) [Gr. 
aireppa seed 4- vevpov nerve 4~ aXyos pain]. 
Neuralgic pain in the spermatic cord. 
Spermoph'ilus citil'lus. The small marmot; a 
Manchurian rodent which may harbor plague 
germs. 
spermophlebectasia (sper"mo-fleb-ek-ta'se-ah) 
[Gr. aireppa seed 4" <p\^ vein 4- eKTaacs disten- 
tion]. Varicosity of the spermatic veins. SPERMOPLASM 
1025 
SPHEROIDING 
spermoplasm (spePmo-plazm) [Gr. aireppa seed 
+ TrXaapa plasm]. The protoplasm of the sper- 
matids. 
spermosphere (sper'mo-sfer) [Gr. aireppa seed + 
acpatpa sphere]. A group or mass of spermatids 
formed by the segmentation of a secondary sper- 
matocyte. 
spermospore (sper'mo-spor). Same as sperma- 
togonium. 
spermotoxic (sper-mo-toks'ik). Pertaining to a 
spermotoxin. 
spermotoxin (sper-mo-toks'in). A toxin causing 
death or agglutination of spermatozoa. 
spes phthis'ica [L.]. A feeling of hopefulness of 
recovery frequently felt by patients with tubercu- 
losis. 
sp. gr. An abbreviation for specific gravity. 
sph. Abbreviation for spheric or spheric lens. 
sphacelate (sfas'el-at) [Gr. <r<pa.KeXos gangrene]. 
To become gangrenous. 
sphacelation (sfas-el-a'shun). The formation of 
a sphacelus; mortification. 
sphacelism (sfas'el-izm) [Gr. acpaKeXcapbs}. Spha- 
celation or necrosis; sloughing. 
sphaceloderma (sfas"el-o-der'mah) [Gr. acpaKeXos 
gangrene + heppa skin]. Gangrene of the skin. 
sphacelotoxin (sfas"el-o-toks'in) [Gr. <r<pa.KeXos 
gangrene + to^lkov poison] x i. Same as spasmo- 
tin. 2. A poisonous, yellow resin obtainable from 
ergot. Dose, gr. (0.0022-0.0054 gm.). 
sphacelous (sfas'el-us). Affected with gangrene; 
sloughing. 
sphacelus (sfas'el-us) [L.; Gr. a^axeXos]. A 
slough or mass of gangrenous tissue. 
sphaeraesthesia (sfer-es-the'zhe-ah). See spheres- 
thesia. 
Sphaeria sinensis (sfe're-ah si-nen'sis). A singu- 
lar fungus found in China, where it is highly es- 
teemed as a medicine. 
sphaerobacte'ria. See spherobacteria. 
Sphaerococcus (sfe-ro-kok'us) [Gr. <r<pacpa sphere 
+ kokkos berry]. A genus or form of bacterial 
cocci. S. ac'idi lac'tici, a species from milk. 
sphagiasmus (sfa-je-az'mus) [Gr. a<payr) throat]. 
Contraction of the neck muscles in an epileptic 
attack; also same as petit mal. 
sphagitides (sfaj-it'id-ez) [Gr. acpaytrcs jugular; 
aipayn throat]. An old name for the so-called 
jugular vessels, i. e., those of the loins and lower 
extremities. 
sphagitis (sfa-ji'tis) [Gr. acpayi) throat + -tris in- 
flammation]. Any throat inflammation. 
sphagnol (sfag'nol). A distillation of peat; said 
to contain creosote combined with sulphur: used in 
skin diseases. 
sphenethmoid (sfen-eth'moid). Same as spheno- 
ethmoid. 
sphenion (sfe'ne-on), pl. sphe'nia [Gr. a^riv 
wedge]. The cranial point at the sphenoid angle 
of the parietal bone. 
sphenobasilar (sfe-no-bas'il-ar). Pertaining to 
the sphenoid bone and the basilar part of the 
occipital bone. 
sphenoccipital (sfe-nok-sip'it-al). Pertaining to 
the sphenoid and occipital bones. 
sphenocephalus (sfe-no-sef'al-us) [Gr. crcpyv wedge 
+ Ketpabfi head]. A monster-fetus with a wedge- 
shaped head. 
sphenocephaly (sfe-no-sef'al-e). The condition of 
having a wedge-shaped head. 
spheno-ethmoid (sfe-no-eth'moid). Noting the 
curved plate of bone in front of the lesser wing 
of the sphenoid bone. 
sphenofrontal (sfe-no-frun'tal). Pertaining to the 
sphenoid and frontal bones. 
sphenoid (sfe'noid) [Gr. <jpfiv wedge + ethos form]. 
65 
1. Wedge-shaped. 2. A very irregular wedge- 
shaped bone at the base of the skull. 3. A pro- 
prietary wedge-shaped suppository. 
sphenoidal (sfe-noid'al). Pertaining to the sphe- 
noid bone. 
sphenoiditis (sfe-noi-di'tis). Inflammation of the 
sphenoid sinus. 
sphenomalar (sfe-no-ma'lar). Pertaining to the 
sphenoid and malar bones. 
sphenomaxillary (sfe-no-maks'il-a-re). Pertain- 
ing to the sphenoid bone and the maxilla. 
sphenometer (sfe-nom'et-er) [Gr. /yip wedge 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
a wedge of bone removed in operations for cor- 
recting curvatures. 
spheno-occipital (sfe"no-oks-ip'it-al). Pertain- 
ing to the sphenoid and occipital bones. 
sphenopalatine (sfe-no-pal'at-in). Pertaining to 
or in relation with the sphenoid and palatine 
bones. 
sphenoparietal (sfe"no-par-i'et-al). Pertaining 
to the sphenoid and parietal bones. 
sphenopetrosal (sfe"no-pe-tro'sal). Pertaining 
to the sphenoid bone and the petrosa. 
sphenorbital (sfe-nor'bit-al). Pertaining to the 
sphenoid bone and the orbits. 
sphenosalpingostaphylinus (sfe"no-sal-ping"- 
o-staf-il-i'nus). The tensor palati muscle. 
sphenosis (sfe-no'sis) [Gr. a<prp> wedge]. A wedg- 
ing of the fetus in the pelvis. 
sphenosquamosal (sfe"no-skwa-mo'sal). Per- 
taining to the sphenoid bone and the squamous 
portion of the temporal bone. 
sphenotemporal (sfe-no-tem'po-ral). Pertaining 
to the sphenoid and temporal bones. 
sphenotic (sfe-no'tik) [Gr. crpfiv wedge + ovs ear]. 
Noting a fetal bone which becomes that part of the 
sphenoid which is adjacent to the carotid groove. 
sphenotresia (sfe-no-tre'ze-ah) [Gr. wedge + 
rpfpjLS boring]. Boring of the skull in craniotomy, 
sphenotribe (sfe'no-trib) [Gr. vcp-qv wedge + rpc- 
fieiv to rub]. An instrument for crushing the basal 
portion of the fetal skull. 
sphenotripsy (sfe'no-trip-se). The crushing of 
the fetal head with the sphenotribe. 
sphenoturbinal (sfe-no-tuPbin-al). Noting a 
thin, curved bone in front of each of the lesser 
wings of the sphenoid, with which bone it be- 
comes fused. 
sphenovomerine (sfe-no-vo'mer-in). Pertaining to 
the sphenoid and to the vomer. 
sphenozygomatic (sfe"no-zi-go-mat'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the sphenoid and zygomatic bones. 
Sphere (sfer) [Gr. atpacpa sphere]. A ball or globe, 
attraction-s. See under attraction, embry- 
otic s. See segmentation s. s.-granule, a 
large granular cell or corpuscle seen in serous 
exudation, segmentation s. 1. The morula: 
the mass of cells formed by the segmentation of 
the nucleus of an ovum. 2. A blastomere, vitel- 
line s., yolk-s. Same as segmentation s.\i). 
spheresthesia, spheraesthesia (sfe-res-the'ze- 
ah) [Gr. acpatpa sphere + aloOrpTLs sensation]. A 
morbid sensation, as of contact with a ball. 
spheric, spherical (sfer'ik, sfer'ik-al) [Gr. a^aipi- 
kos]. Pertaining to a sphere; sphere-shaped. 
spherobacteria, sphaerobacteria (sfe"ro-bak- 
te're-ah) [Gr. atpaipa sphere + /daKrypLov bac- 
terium]. A group of bacterial organisms to which 
the micrococci belong. 
spherocyiinder (sfe-ro-sil'in-der). A combined 
spheric and cylindric lens. 
spheroid, spheroidal (sfe'roid, sfe-roid'al) [Gr. 
apacpa sphere + echos form]. Having the form 
or shape of a sphere. 
spheroiding (sfe'roi-ding). The formation of 
globules; particularly in dentistry, the formation 
of globules by amalgam on hardening, so that the SPHEROLITH 
1026 
SPHYGMOMETROSCOPE 
filling of a tooth draws away from the margins of 
the cavity. 
spherolith (sfe'ro-lith) [Gr. <r<paipa. sphere 4- XiOos 
stone]. Any one of the minute spheric deposits 
found in the kidney tissue ofathe newborn. They 
are probably uratic deposits. 
spheroma, sphseroma (sfe-ro'mah). A globular 
tumor. 
spherometer (sfe-rom'et-er) [Gr. crcpaipa sphere 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the curvature of a surface. 
spherospermia (sfe-ro-sper'me-ah) [Gr. atpaipa 
ball 4" aireppa seed], A round, tail-less sperma- 
tozoon. 
spherule (sfer'ul). A small sphere, paranuclear 
S., the archiplasm. 
sphincter (sfingk'ter) [L.; Gr. aipcyKT^p binder]. 
A ring-like muscle which closes a natural orifice. 
See muscles, table of. s. a'ni. See under mus- 
cles, table of. cardiac s., the ring-like muscle 
surrounding the esophagus where it opens into the 
stomach. Henle's s., the muscular fibers 
which surround the prostatic urethra. Hyrtl's 
S., an incomplete band of muscular fibers in the 
rectum a few inches above the anus. s. i'ridis, 
the muscle which produces contraction of the iris. 
Nelaton's s., an occasional and often incomplete 
belt of muscle-fibers of the rectum at the level of the 
prostate. O'Beirne's s.,a band at the junction 
of the colon and rectum. S. oc'uli, the orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum muscle. Oddi's s., a contrac- 
tion of the common bile-duct at the neck of the 
ampulla of Vater. S. oTis, the orbicularis 
oris muscle, prepyloric s., a band of muscle- 
fibers in the stomach-wall above the pyloric 
sphincter, pyloric s., a thickening of the mus- 
cular wall of the stomach around the pyloric open- 
ing. third s., Houston's valve, s. ure'thrae. 
See under muscles, table of. s. vagi'nae, the bul- 
bocavernosus muscle, vasculolymphatic ner- 
vous S., a supposed contracting band of fibers at 
the margin of the pupil, s. vesi'cae. See under 
muscles, table of. 
sphincteral (sfingk'ter-al). Pertaining to a sphinc- 
ter. 
sphincteralgia (sfingk-ter-al'je-ah) [Gr. a<piyKrrip 
sphincter 4- aXyos pain]. Pain in the sphincter 
ani. 
sphincterectomy (sfingk-ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. acpLyK- 
rrjp sphincter 4- eKrop-q excision]. Oblique bleph- 
arotomy. 
sphincterial, sphincteric (sfingk-te're-al, sfingk- 
ter'ik). Pertaining to a sphincter. 
sphincterismus (sfingk-ter-iz'mus) [Gr. atpiyKriip 
sphincter]. Spasm of the sphincter ani. 
sphincterolysis (sfingk-ter-ol'is-is) [Gr. <r<piyKrr)p 
sphincter 4- Xbacs loosing]. The operation of 
separating the iris from the cornea in anterior 
synechia. 
sphincteroplasty (sfingk'ter-o-plas-te) [Gr. a<pcyK- 
rt)p sphincter 4- irXaaaeiv to mold]. The plastic 
surgical repair of a defective sphincter. 
sphincteroscope (sfingk'ter-os-kop) [Gr. a<pi.yKTr)p 
sphincter 4- OKOTreiv to view], A speculum for 
inspecting the anal sphincter. 
sphincteroscopy (sfingk-ter-os'ko-pe) [Gr. aipcyK- 
rrjp sphincter 4- vKoireiv to view]. Inspection of 
the anal sphincter. 
sphincterotomy (sfingk-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. a<piyK- 
rrjp sphincter 4- Tepvecv to cut]. The cutting of a 
sphincter. 
sphingoin (sfing'o-in). A leukomain, C17H35NO2, 
from the substance of the brain. 
sphingol (sfin'gol). An alcohol, C9Hi8O, obtained 
from sphingomyelinic acid by hydrolysis. 
sphingomyelin (sfing-o-mi'el-in). A phosphatid 
that is not extracted from the white substance of 
the brain by ether. 
sphingomyelinic acid (sfing"o-mi-el-in'ik). A 
mono-amino-mono-phosphatid obtained from 
sphingomyelin by hydrolysis. 
sphingosin (sfing'o-sin). A nitrogenous base, C17- 
H35NO2, derived from the phrenosin and kerasin of 
brain substance by hydrolysis. 
sphygmic (sfig'mik) [Gr. oipvypiKos]. Pertaining 
to the pulse. 
sphygmobologram (sfig-mo-bo'lo-gram). A 
tracing made by the sphygmobolometer. 
sphygmobolometer (sfig"mo-bo-lom'et-er) [Gr. 
a^vypbs pulse + ^uXos mass 4- perpov measure]. 
An instrument for measuring and recording the 
energy of the pulse-wave, and so, indirectly, the 
strength of the systole. 
sphygmobolometry (sfig"mo-bo-lom'et-re). The 
use of the sphygmobolometer. 
sphygmocardiogram (sfig-mo-kar'de-o-gram). 
The tracing made by a sphygmocardiograph. 
sphygmocardiograph (sfig-mo-kar'de-o-graf) [Gr. 
a<pvypbs pulse + Kapbia heart 4- ypatpecv to 
write]. An instrument for recording the pulse- 
waves and heart-beat at the same operation. 
sphygmocardioscope (sfig-mo-kar'de-o-skbp) [Gr. 
atpvypos pulse 4- Kapbia heart 4- crKoireiv to view]. 
An apparatus that records on a disk the behavior 
of the pulse, heart action, and sounds. 
sphygmochronograph (sfig-mo-kro'no-graf) [Gr. 
<r<pvypbs pulse 4- Xpbvos time + ypa.<pw> to write]. 
A form of self-registering sphygmograph. 
sphygmodynamometer (sfig"mo-di-nam-om'et- 
er) [Gr atpvypbs pulse + bbvapcs power 4- perpov 
measure]. An instrument for determining the 
force of the pulse. 
sphygmogenin (sfig-moj'en-in) [Gr. aipvypbs pulse 
+ yevvav to produce]. An old name for adrenalin. 
sphygmogram (sfig'mo-gram) [Gr. a<pvypos pulse 
+ ypappa record]. A sphygmographic tracing; 
the record or tracing made by a sphygmograph. 
It consists of a curve having a sudden rise (.pri- 
mary elevation), followed by a sudden fall, after 
which there is a gradual descent marked by a 
number of secondary elevations. 
sphygmograph (sfig'mo-graf) [Gr. acpvypbs pulse 
4- ypatpecv to write]. An instrument for register- 
ing the movements, form, and force of the arte- 
rial pulse. Vierordt's sphygmograph (1855) and 
Marey's (i860) were the earliest. The latter, va- 
riously modified, is the kind principally used. 
sphygmographic (sfig-mo-graf'ik). Pertaining to 
the sphygmograph. 
sphygmography (sfig-mog'raf-e). The scientific 
record of pulse-traces. 
sphygmoid (sfig'moid) [Gr. a<pvypos pulse 4- ei3os 
form]. Resembling the pulse. 
sphygmology (sfig-mol'o-je) [Gr. a<pvypbs pulse 4- 
Xbyos treatise]. The sum of what is known re- 
garding the pulse. 
sphygmomanometer (sfig"mo-man-om'et-er) [Gr. 
aipvypbs pulse 4~ pavbs thin 4~ perpov measure]. 
An instrument for measuring blood-pressure in the 
arteries. See p. 948 for various forms of instru- 
ment. Riva-Rocci s. See illustration, p. 1027. 
Rogers' S., an arm sphygmomanometer with an 
aneroid barometer instead of a mercury manometer. 
sphygmomanometroscope (sfig-mo-man-o-met'- 
ro-skop). An apparatus that combines in one the 
Riva-Rocci cuff, the tonometer, the two manom- 
eters of Busch, and the water manometer used 
for determining the blood-pressure of the upper 
extremity. 
sphygmometer (sfig-mom'et-er) [Gr. a<pvyp6s 
pulse 4* perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the force and frequency of the pulse. 
sphygmometrograph (sfig-mo-met'ro-graf). An 
apparatus for recording the maximal and minimal 
arterial pressures. 
sphygmometroscope (sfig-mo-met'ro-skop). An SPHYGMOMANOMETER 
1027 
SPHYGMOMANOMETER 
Faught's sphygmomanometer. 
Erlanger's sphygmomanometer. 
Hill and Barnard's sphygmometer. 
Janeway's sphygmomanometer. 
Riva-Rocci's sphygmomanometer. 
Various Forms of Sphygmomanometers. 
Stanton's sphygmomanometer. SPHYGMO-OSCILLOMETER 
1028 
instrument for taking the blood-pressure by the 
auscultatory method. ' 
sphygmo-oscillometer (sfig"mo-os-il-om'et-er). 
A form of sphygmomanometer in which the disap- 
pearance and reappearance of the pulse are indi- 
cated by an oscillating needle. 
sphygmopalpation (sfig"mo-pal-pa'shun). The 
act of palpating or feeling the pulse. 
sphygmophone (sfig'mo-fon) [Gr. <r<pvypbs pulse 4- 
sound]. An apparatus for rendering audi- 
ble the vibrations of the pulse. 
sphygmoplethysmograph (sfig"mo-ple-thiz'- 
mo-graf). A plethysmograph which traces a record 
of the pulse, together with the curve of fluctuation 
of volume. 
sphygmoscope (sfig'mo-skbp) [Gr. <r<pvypbs pulse 
4- aKoireiv to view], A device for rendering the 
pulse-beat visible. Bishop's s., an apparatus for 
measuring the blood-pressure, especially the dias- 
tolic pressure. 
sphygmoscopy (sfig-mos'ko-pe) [Gr. atpvypbs pulse 
4- aKorceiP to view]. Examination of the pulse. 
sphygmosystole (sfig-mo-sis'to-le) [Gr. atpvypbs 
pulse 4- systole]. That part of the sphygmo- 
gram that corresponds to the systole of the heart. 
sphygmotonograph (sfig-mo-to'no-graf) [Gr. 
<r<pvypbs pulse + topos tension 4- ypatpeiv to 
write]. An instrument for recording simultaneously 
the blood-pressure, the carotid or jugular pulse, the 
brachial pulse, and the time in | seconds. 
sphygmotonometer (sfig"mo-to-nom'et-er) [Gr. 
aipvypbs pulse 4- topos tension 4- perpov measure]. 
An instrument for measuring the elasticity of the 
arterial walls. 
sphygmoviscosimetry (sfig"mo-vis-ko-sim'et-re) 
[Gr. aipvypbs pulse 4- viscosity 4- uerpov measure]. 
Measurement of the blood-pressure and the vis- 
cosity of the blood. 
sphyrectomy (sfi-rek'to-me) [Gr. a<pvpa malleus 
4* eKTopf) excision]. Surgical removal of the 
malleus. 
sphyrotomy (sfi-rot'o-me) [Gr. a^vpa malleus 4- 
ropi) a cutting]. Surgical removal of a portion 
of the malleus. 
spica (spi'kah) [L. " ear of wheat "]. A figure-of- 
eight bandage with turns that cross one another. 
See bandage. 
spice-bush (spis'bush). A tall shrub of North 
America, Lin'dera benzo'in: its bark is an aro- 
matic and stimulant diaphoretic, and is said to 
be a good febrifuge. Dose of fluidextract, 1-2 
fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
spicular (spik'u-lar). Pertaining to a spicule. 
spicule (spik'ul) [L. spic'ulum]. A sharp, needle- 
like body. 
spiculum (spik'u-lum), pl. spic'ula [L.]. See 
spicule. 
spider-cells (spi'der-selz). See Deiters' cells, 
under cell. 
spider-web (spi'der-web) [L. te'la ara'nea; ara'- 
neum\. The web of various species of spider: 
hemostatic. 
Spiegler's test (spe'glerz) [dermatologist of Vienna, 
1860-1908]. See under tests. 
Spigelia (spi-je'le-ah) [after A. van der Spiegel, 
1558-1625]. A genus of loganiaceous plants. 
The rhizome and roots of 5. marilan'dica, pink- 
root, are an efficient vermifuge: used especially 
for round-worms. Dose of fluidextract, 15-60 
min. (1-4 c.c.); of fluidextract of spigelia and 
senna, 5-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.). 
spigelian (spi-je'le-an) Noting a lobule of the 
liver (named after A. van der Spiegel, or Spi- 
gelius, a Flemish anatomist, 1558-1625)-the 
lobulus spigelii. It is the smallest lobe of the 
liver, projecting from the posterior part of the 
under surface of the right lobe. 
spigelin (spi-je'lin). A^bitter volatile principle 
from Spige'lia marilan'dica and 5. anlhel'mia, of 
tropical America: purgative. 
spikenard (spik'nard) [L. nar'dus, or spi'ca nar'- 
di\. The plant, Nardos'tachys jataman'si; also 
the name of various fragrant valerianaceous and 
other plants: now chiefly used in oriental- medi- 
cine. American s., the Ara'lia racemo'sa, an 
aromatic plant; used mainly in domestic medi- 
cine; a stimulant diaphoretic. Dose of fluid- 
extract of the rhizome, 1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). false 
S., Andropo'gon nar'dus, an aromatic and stimulant 
East Indian grass; also Smila'cina racemo'sa, a 
North American plant. 
Spilanthes (spi-lan'thez) [Gr. arriXos spot + avOos 
flower], A genus of composite-flowered plants. 
5. acmel'la, the Para cress of tropical America 
and Asia, is an excellent remedy for toothache. 
spiloma (spi-lo'mah) [Gr. a7riXw/xa spot]. Same as 
nevus. 
spiloplania (spi-lo-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. airiXos spot 4- 
irXai/os wandering], A transient erythema. 
spiloplaxia (spi-lo-plaks'e-ah) [Gr. airlXos spot 4- 
irXa^ plate]. A red spot seen in cases of leprosy, 
or pellagra. 
spilus (spi'lus) [Gr. airlXos spot]. Same as nevus. 
spina (spi'nah), pl. spi'nce [L. " spine," " thorn "]. 
Any spine-like process or projection. S. angula'- 
ris [B N A], the spinous process of the sphenoid 
bone. S. bif'ida, congenital cleft of the vertebral 
column with meningeal protrusion, s. bif'ida 
occul'ta, spina bifida in which there is a defect 
of the vertebral arches without protrusion of the 
cord and its membranes, s. fronta'lis [B N A], 
the nasal spine, s. hel'icis [B N A], the spin- 
ous process of the helix of the ear. s. ischiad'ica 
[B N A], spine of the ischium, s. mea'tus, a 
pointed process projecting from the temporal bone, 
just above and at the back of the auditory meatus, 
s. menta'lis [B N A], the mental spine, s. teg'- 
minis, a process of bone in the middle ear, over 
the entrance to the mastoid antrum, s. troch- 
lea'ris [B N A], the trochlear spine, s. tym- 
pan'icae, the two projecting points of the tym- 
panic plate, s. vento'sa, enlargement and thin- 
ning of a bone in cancer or caries, with an appear- 
ance as if it were puffed full of air. 
spinal (spi'nal) [L. spina'lis}. Pertaining to a 
spine or to the spinal column, s. column, the 
column composed of the vertebrae with their 
fibrocartilages and ligaments, and inclosing the 
spinal canal, s. cord, the cord-like structure 
contained in the spinal canal, and extending 
from the foramen magnum to the second lumbar 
vertebra. It is directly continuous with the ob- 
longata, and with the brain constitutes the cerebro- 
spinal axis. It is inclosed by three membranes- 
the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. The 
spinal cord gives off the spinal nerves, and is 
divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, 
and coccygeal regions, corresponding to the nerves 
given off. There is an enlargement of the cord 
(cervical enlargement) where the nerves of the arms 
are given off, and one (lumbar enlargement) where 
those of the legs are given off. The cord is divided 
by anterior and posterior median fissures into two 
lateral halves; these halves are connected by an 
isthmus, which is made up of the anterior white 
commissure and the anterior and posterior gray 
commissures. The cord is pierced longitudinally 
by a central canal running through the cord. 
Each lateral half of the cord'is made up of a central 
portion of gray matter inclosed by white matter. 
The gray matter consists of an anterior and a poste- 
rior horn, connected respectively with an anterior 
and a posterior nerve-root, and of masses of nerve- 
cjells. The white matter is made up of an antero- 
lateral column, which consists of the direct pyrami- 
dal tract, or column of Turek, the crossed pyramidal 
tract, the cerebellar tract, the postero-external 
column, or column of Burdach, containing the 
posterior root-zone, and the posteromedian column, 
SPINAL Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord Stained with Aniline Blue-black ; x io. 
a, Anterior median fissure; b, posterior median septum ; c, anterior horn of gray matter; d, anterior 
nerve-root; e, posterior horn of gray matter ; f, internal radicular fasciculus of posterior nerve-root; g, 
posterior nerve-root; h, pia mater; i, anterior white commissure; j, septum of pia mater, marking off 
internal from external subdivision of the posterior column ; k, network of gray matter; I, white matter 
of cord; m, central canal of cord; n, nerve-cells of anterior horn. 
A, Upper cervical region ; B, lower cervical region. SPINALGIA 
1029 
SPINDLE 
LOCALIZATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SEGMENTS OF THE 
SPINAL CORD (STARR). 
Segment. 
Muscles. 
Reflex. 
Sensation. 
Second and 
third cervical. 
Sternomastoid, trapezius, sca- 
leni, and neck; diaphragm. 
Hypochondrium (?) ; sudden in- 
spiration produced by sudden 
pressure beneath the lower 
border of ribs. 
Back of head to vertex ; neck. 
Fourth cervi- 
Diaphragm, deltoid, biceps, co- 
Pupil, fourth to seventh cervi- 
Neck, upper shoulder, outer 
cal. 
racobrachialis, supinator lon- 
gus, rhomboid, supraspinatus, 
and infraspinatus. 
cal ; dilatation of the pupil 
produced by irritation of the 
neck. 
arm. 
Fifth cervical. 
Deltoid, biceps, coracobrachia- 
lis, brachialis anticus, supina- 
tor longus, supinator brevis, 
rhomboid, teres minor, pecto- 
ralis, serratus magnus. 
Scapular, fifth cervical to first 
dorsal; irritation of the skin 
over scapula producescontrac- 
tion of the scapular muscles. 
Supinator longus; tapping its 
tendon in wrist produces flex- 
ion of forearm. 
Back of shoulder and arm; 
outer side of arm and fore- 
arm, front and back. 
Sixth cervical. 
Biceps, brachialis anticus, pecto- 
ralis (clavicular part), serra- 
tus magnus, triceps, extensors 
of wrist and fingers, prona- 
tors. 
Triceps, fifth to sixth cervical; 
tapping elbow-tendon pro- 
duces extension of forearm; 
posterior wrist, sixth to eighth 
cervical; tapping tendon 
causes extension of hand. 
Outer side of forearm, front and 
back; outer half of hand. 
Seventh cervi- 
Triceps (long head), extensors 
Anterior wrist, seventh to eighth 
Inner side of back of arm and 
cal. 
of wrist and fingers, prona- 
tors of wrist, flexors of wrist, 
subscapular, pectoralis (costal 
part), latissimus dorsi, teres 
major. 
cervical; tapping anterior ten- 
dons causes flexion of wrist; 
palmar, seventh cervical to 
first dorsal; striking palm 
causes closure of fingers. 
forearm ; radial half of hand. 
Eighth cervi- 
cal. 
Flexors of wrist and fingers, in- 
trinsic muscles of hand. 
Forearm and hand, inner half. 
First dorsal. 
Extensors of thumb, intrinsic 
hand-muscles, thenar and hy- 
pothenar eminences. 
Forearm, inner half; ulnar dis- 
tribution to hand. 
Second to 
Muscles of back and abdomen, 
Epigastric, fourth to seventh 
Skin of chest and abdomen in 
twelfth dor- 
sal. 
erector"S spinae. 
dorsal ; tickling mammiry re- 
gion causes retraction of the 
epigastrium; abdominal, 
seventh to eleventh dorsal; 
striking side of abdomen 
causes retraction of belly. 
bands running around and 
downward, corresponding to 
spinal nerves; upper gluteal 
region. 
First lumbar. 
Iliopsoas, Sartorius, muscles of 
abdomen. 
Cremasteric, first to third lum- 
bar ; striking inner thigh 
causes retraction of scrotum. 
Skin over groin and front of 
scrotum. 
Second lumbar. 
Iliopsoas, sartorius, flexors of 
knee (Remak), quadriceps 
femoris. 
Patellar tendon; striking tendon 
causes extension of leg. 
Outer side of thigh. 
Third lumbar. 
Quadriceps femoris, inner rota- 
tors of thigh, abductors of 
thigh. 
Front and inner side of thigh. 
Fourth lumbar. 
Abductors of thigh, adductors 
of thigh, flexors of knee (Fer- 
rier), tibialis anticus. 
Gluteal, fourth to fifth lumbar ; 
striking buttock causes dim- 
pling in fold of buttock. 
Inner side of thigh and leg to 
ankle ; inner side of foot. 
Fifth lumbar. 
Outward rotators of thigh, flex- 
ors of knee (Ferrier), flexors 
of ankle, extensors of toes. 
Back of thigh, back of leg, and 
outer part of foot. 
First and 
Flexors of ankle, long flexors 
Plantar; tickling sole of foot 
Back of thigh, leg, and foot; 
second sacral. 
of toes, peronei, intrinsic mus- 
cles of foot. 
causes flexion of toes and 
retraction of leg. 
outer side. 
Third to fifth 
sacral. 
Peroneal muscles. 
Foot reflex, Achilles tendon; 
overextension of foot causes 
rapid flexion, ankle-clonus, 
bladder and rectal centers. 
Skin over scrotum, anus, peri- 
neum, genitals. 
or column of Goll. The spinal cord is a center for 
certain reflex actions, and forms a pathway to and 
from the brain, s. nerves, the thirty-one pairs of 
nerves which arise from the spinal cord and pass 
out between the vertebrae. They include eight 
pairs of cervical, twelve of dorsal, five of lumbar, 
five of sacral, and one of coccygeal. See nerves, 
table of. 
spinalgia (spi-nal'je-ah) [spine + Gr. aXyos pain]. 
Pain in the spinal region. Petruschky's S., 
tenderness in the interscapular region in tuberculo- 
sis of the bronchial lymph-nodes. 
spinalis (spi-na'lis). See muscles, table of. 
spinant (spi'nant). Any agent which acts directly 
upon the spinal cord, increasing its reflex activity. 
spinate (spi'nat) [L. spina'tus]. Having thorns; 
shaped like a thorn. 
spindle (spin'dl). The fusiform figure of achro- 
matin in the cell-nucleus during mitosis. It 
consists of fine threads radiating out from the 
centrosomes and connecting the centrosomes with 
one another. Called also achromatic s., nuclear s. 
See karyokinesis. aortic s., the dilated part of the 
aorta just below the isthmus, central S., the 
bundle of fibers in the axial part of the spindle of an 
amphiaster. His' S., a spindle-shaped dilatation 
of the aorta just beyond the isthmus, muscular 
s., a fiber of striated muscle, neuromuscular 
S., a spindle-shaped structure in muscles, composed 
of striated muscular fibers inclosed by a sheath 
of connective tissue, and supplied by a nerve-fiber. SPINDLE-CELLED 
1030 
SPIRILLOTROPISM 
nuclear s. See spindle, tigroid s., the 
spindle-shaped individuals of Nissl bodies. 
spindle-celled (spin'dl-seld). Having slender, fusi- 
form cells. 
spindle-tree (spin'dl-tre). See Euonymus. 
Spine (spin) [L. spina]. 1. A slender, thorn-like 
process of bone. 2. The vertebral column. 3. 
The central ridge on the internal surface of a 
horse's hoof, between the branches of the frog. 
Called also frog-stay, alar s. Same as angular 
s. angular s., the spinous process of the 
sphenoid bone, aortic s., a spindle-shaped dila- 
tation of the aorta just below the isthmus. Civi- 
nini's s., the small eminence of the outer edge 
of the external pterygoid plate, to which is at- 
tached the pterygospinous ligament, deltoid s., 
the deltoid tubercle. See tubercle, dorsal S., 
the spinal column, hemal s., the anterior part 
of the typic vertebra. In man it is formed by the 
sternum. Henle's s., the spina meatus, hys- 
teric S., a condition seen in neurotic patients 
in which there is simulation of vertebral dis- 
ease, with curvature, etc. s's of the ilium, 
the projecting extremities of the crest of the 
ilium, and a similar pair of spines below, sep- 
arated from the former by the iliac notch. S. of 
the ischium, the projection near the center of 
the posterior border of the ischium, to which is 
attached the lesser sacrosciatic ligament, mea- 
tal s., the spina meatus, mental s., any one 
of the small processes on the deep aspect of the 
symphysis of the inner jaw bone, nasal s., 
any of the three processes, anterior, posterior, 
and superior, about the nasal fossae, neural s., 
the spinous process of a vertebra, palatines., 
one of the ridges on the lower surface of the palatal 
process of the maxilla, peroneal s. See troch- 
lear process, under process. S. of the pubis, 
the outer projecting end of the crest of the pubis, 
railway s., a set of obscure nervous phenomena 
sometimes following railway accidents. S. of 
the scapula, the projecting ridge on the pos- 
terior surface of the scapula, sciatic s., the 
spine of the ischium, s. of the sphenoid, the 
pointed backward projection of the lower angle of 
the great wing of the sphenoid. Spix's S., a 
bony spine at the edge of the inferior dental 
foramen for the attachment of the internal lateral 
ligament, suprameatal s., the spina meatus. 
S. of the tibia, the upward projecting eminence 
on the head of the tibia, trochlear s., a de- 
pression on the orbital surface of the frontal bone 
for the attachment of the trochlea of the superior 
oblique muscle, typhoid S., a painful condition 
of the spinal column following typhoid fever. 
spinibular (spi-nib'u-lar). Same as spinobulbar. 
spinicerebellar (spi"nis-er-e-bel'ar). Same as 
spinocerebellar. 
spinifugal (spi-nif'u-gal) [L. spi'na spine + fu'gere 
to flee]. Going, conducting, or moving from the 
spinal cord. 
spiniperipheral (spi"nip-e-rif'er-al). Spinoper- 
ipheral. y 
spinipetal (spi-nip'et-al) [L. spi'na spine + pet'- 
ere to seek]. Tending, conducting, or moving 
toward the spinal cord. 
spinitis (spi-ni'tis). Myelitis. 
spinobulbar (spi-no-bul'bar). Pertaining to the 
spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. 
spinocerebellar (spi"no-ser-e-bel'ar). Pertaining 
to the spinal cord and the cerebellum. 
spinocostalis (spi"no-kos-ta'lis). The superior 
and inferior serratus posterior muscles together. 
spinogalvanization (spi"no-gal"van-iz-a'shun). 
Galvanization of the spinal cord, performed by 
moving the anode slowly up and down the spine. 
spinoglenoid (spi-no-gle'noid). Pertaining to the 
spine of the scapula and to the glenoid cavity. 
spinol (spin'ol). 1. A saccharated and borated 
fluidextract of spinach leaves. It is said to con- 
tain 2.6 per cent, of iron, and is used as a remedy 
for chlorosis and anemia. 2. A pale-green powder 
of a composition similar to that of the fluid spinol. 
Dose, 1-8 gr. (0.066-0.52 gm.). 
spinomuscular (spi-no-mus'ku-lar). Pertaining 
to the spinal cord and to the muscles. 
spinoneural (spi-no-nu'ral). Pertaining to the 
spinal cord and to the peripheral nerves. 
spinoperipheral (spi"no-per-if'er-al). Pertaining 
to the spinal cord and the periphery. 
spinopetal (spi-nop'e-tal). Spinipetal. 
spinotectal (spi-no-tek'tal). Same as tectospinal. 
spinotransversarius (spi"no-trans-ver-sa're-us). 
The splenius and obliquus capitis muscles together, 
spinous (spi'nus) [L. spino'sus]. 1. Like a spine. 
2. Pertaining to a spine or to a spine-like process. 
spinthariscope (spin-thar'is-kop) [Gt. <riri.vOT)p 
spark + vKoireiv to see]. An instrument for 
viewing the emanations of radium. 
spintherism (spin'ther-izm) [Gr. airiuOepL^etv to 
emit sparks]. Photopsia; the appearance as of 
sparks before the eyes. 
spintherometer (spin-ther-om'et-er) [Gr. airudHip 
spark + perpov measure]. An apparatus for 
measuring the changes which occur in the vacu- 
um of the x-ray tube, and hence the penetrating 
power of the rays. 
spintheropia (spin-ther-o'pe-ah) [Gr. virtvOrip 
spark + wp eye]. Same as spintherism. 
spin tome ter (spin-tom'et-er). Same as spin- 
therometer. 
Spir., spir. Abbreviation for L. spir'itus, spirit, 
spiracin (spi'ras-in). Methylcarboxy salicylic acid: 
used like salicylic acid. 
spiradenitis (spi-rad-en-i'tis) [Gr. aTreipa coil -|- 
a.8i)v gland]. Same as hidradenitis suppurativa. 
spiradenoma (spi-rad-en-o'mah). Adenoma of 
the sweat-glands. 
spiral (spi'ral) [L. spira'lis]. Winding about a 
center like a coil or the thread of a screw. 
Curschmann's s's, coiled mucinous fibrils some- 
times found in the sputum of bronchial asthma. 
Herxheimer's s's, Herxheimer's fibers. See 
under fiber, tendon s., a spiral receptor con- 
nected with a tendon. 
Spiranthes (spi-ran'thez) [Gr. aTreipa coil + avOos 
flower]. A genus of orchidaceous plants. S. 
autumnaTis, an orchidaceous plant reputed to 
be aphrodisiac. S. diuret'ica, an orchidaceous 
plant of Chili: said to be a valuable diuretic. 
spirarsyl (spi-rar'sil). Same as arseno phenylglycin. 
spirem, spireme (spi'rem) [Gr. airelpr/pa coil]. 
The wreath of chromatin fibrils in karyokinesis. 
See karyokinesis. 
Spirilla, spirilla (spi-ril'ah). Plural of spirillum. 
Spirillacese (spi-ril-a'se-e). A family of the order 
Eubacteriales, the individuals of which are curved 
rods. It includes the genera Vibrio and Spirillum. 
spirillicidal (spi-ril-o-si'dal). Destroying spirilla, 
spirillicide (spi-ril'is-Id). Destroying spirilla, 
spirillicidin (spi-ril-is-i'din) [spirilla + L. cce'dere 
to kill]. A substance formed in the blood of 
patients immunized against spirilla and capable of 
destroying spirilla. 
spirillolysis (spi-ril-ol'is-is) [spirilla + Gr. Xwls 
dissolution]. The breaking up of or destruction of 
spirilla. 
spirillosis (spi-ril-o'sis). 1. Any diseased condition 
attended or marked by the presence of spirilla 
in the body. 2. A disease of fowls marked by 
diarrhea, fever, malaise, and death in a few days. 
It is caused by a spirillum transmitted by ticks of 
the genus Ar gas. 
spirillotropic (spi-ril-o-trop'ik). Having an affin- 
ity for spirilla. 
spirillotropism (spi-ril-ot'ro-pizm) [spirilla + Gr. 
rpo-nfi a turning]. The property of attracting 
spirilla. SPIRILLUM 
1031 
SPIROCHXETA 
Spirillum (spi-rirum), pl. spiril'la [L. " coil "]. A 
genus of the family Spirillacea, including the longer 
curved rod forms and motile by means of a tuft of 
polar flagella (5-20) which are mostly half cir- 
cular, rarely wavy-bent. S. amylif'erum, a 
saprophytic species from water. S. an'serum, a 
pathogenic species from geese affected with septi- 
cemia. S. aquat'ilis,a saprophytic species from 
river-water. S. attenua'tum, a saprophytic 
species from sea-water. S. au'reum. See under 
Vibrio. S. berolinen'se, a saprophytic species 
from water. S. bonhoff'ii, a saprophytic species 
from water. S. bucca'le, a species from the tartar 
of the teeth. S. chol'erse, S. chol'erae asiat'- 
icsB. See Vibrio cholera asiatica. S. concen'- 
tricum, a non-pathogenic form from putrid blood, 
in actively motile, screw-like rods. S. danu'- 
bicum, Vibrio danubicus. Deneke's s. See 
Vibrio tyrogenum. S. dentic'ola, a saprophytic 
species from the teeth and mouth: probably not 
pathogenic. S. desulphu'ricans, Vibrio desul- 
phuricans. S. dunbar'ii, a saprophytic species 
from river-water. S. dutto'ni. Same as Spiro- 
chata duttoni. S. endoparago'gicum, a sapro- 
phytic form from an exudate of poplar trees, s. 
of Finkler-Prior, a vibrio from cholera stools. 
See Vibrio proteus. S. flaves'cens and S. fla'- 
vum. See under Vibrio. S. gallina'rum, a 
species causing a fatal disease in chickens. S. of 
Gamal'eia. Same as Vibrio metchnikovii. S. 
gind'ha. See Vibrio gindha. S. helco'genes, a 
species resembling s. of Finkler-Prior, from the 
stools of diarrhea, s. of hospital gangrene, a 
pathogenic form from the pulpy, membranous 
covering of the ulcers of hospital gangrene. S. 
jenen'sis, a saprophytic species from water. S. 
leukomelae'num, a non-pathogenic. form from 
the tongue of a mouse. S. maas'ei, a patho- 
genic form from river-water. S. mari'num, a 
saprophytic species from sea-water. S. mas- 
sau'ah, a pathogenic species from sporadic 
cholera in man. S. metchniko'vii. Same as 
Vibrio metchnikovii. S. mil'leri, Vibrio milleri. 
S. nasa'le. See under Vibrio. S. (Spiro- 
chae'te) obermei'eri, the bacillus of relapsing 
fever: a pathogenic form with actively undulating 
filaments. S. phosphores'cens, S. plicat'ile, 
a saprophytic species from water, s. of pseudo- 
cholera, a pathogenic form from well-water. S. 
rec'ti physe'teris, a zymogenic species from 
ambergris. S. rosenberg'ii, a saprophytic 
species from brackish water. S. ro'seum, a 
chromogenic species in two forms: one from feces, 
forming a red pigment, and one from gonorrheal 
pus, forming a rosy pigment. S. ru'brum, a 
chromogenic species from well-water producing a 
wine-red pigment. S. ru'gula, a zymogenic 
species from water and from the mouth. S. 
saproph'iles. See under Vibrio. S. ser'- 
pens, a saprophytic form from sewage. S. 
smith'ii, a saprophytic form from the. intestines 
of swine: not pathogenic. S. sputig'enum, 
a species found in the saliva. S. ten'.ue, a sapro- 
phytic species from water. S. terrig'enum, a 
saprophytic species from the soil. S. thei'leri, 
a species found in a benign affection of cattle in 
South Africa. S. tyro'genum. See Vibrio 
tyrogenus. S. un'dula, a saprophytic species 
from water, s. of Vincent. See Spironema 
vincentii. S. viola'ceum, a pathogenic species 
from water. S. volu'tans, a saprophytic species 
from water, s. of Wernicke, a pathogenic species 
from water. 
spirit (spir'it) [L. spir'itus], Any volatile or dis- 
tilled liquid; also a solution of a volatile material 
in alcohol, ardent s., any alcoholic beverage, 
cologne s., rectified ethylic alcohol. Colum- 
bian s., deodorized methyl alcohol, corn s., 
an alcoholic liquor distilled from maize, meth- 
ylated s., denatured alcohol. Mindere- 
rus' s., liquor ammonii acetatis. s. of niter, 
spiritus aetheris nitrosi. petroleum S., petroleum 
ether. See ether, potato-s., whisky distilled 
from potatoes, proof-s., dilute alcohol con- 
taining from 40 to 50 per cent. }of pure alcohol, 
pyroacetic s., acetone, pyroligneous s., 
wood s., methyl alcohol, rectified s., alcohol 
with 16 per cent, of water, s. of turpentine, 
oil of turpentine, s. of wine, alcohol. 
spirituous (spir'it-u-us) [L. spirituo'sus]. Alco- 
holic; containing a considerable proportion of 
alcohol. 
spiritus (spir'it-us), pl. spir'itus. Latin for spirit. 
s. frumen'ti, whisky, s. junip'eri, gin. s. 
limo'nis, an official preparation of the essential 
oil of lemon. Dose, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.). s. 
myr'ciae, bay-rum; a preparation of the oil of 
myrcia, oil of orange-peel, oil of pimenta, and 
alcohol, s. odora'tus, cologne-water, s. vi'ni 
gal'lici, brandy. 
Spiro's test (spe'ro) [Karl Spiro, German chemist, 
born 1867]. See under tests. 
spirobacteria (spi"ro-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. aireipa 
coil + ^aKTypcov club]. The spiral bacteria, a 
group containing the genera Spiril'lum, Spirocha'ta, 
and Vibrio. 
Spirochaeta, Spirochsete (spi-ro-ke'tah, spi-ro- 
ke'te) [Gr. <nr«pa coil -p xaiTJj hair]. A genus 
or form of flexile protozoa. S. aborigina'lis, 
a species found in cases of ulcerative granuloma 
of the pudenda. S. anodon'tae, a large species 
found in mussels. S. anseri'na, a species found 
in geese suffering from a fatal disease, marked by 
fever, wasting, and diarrhea. S. balanit'idis, 
a species found in balanitis. S. balbian'ii, a 
species of Christispira occurring in oysters. S. 
ber'bera is the cause of the relapsing fever of 
North Africa. S. bronchia'lis, a species in- 
vading the bronchi and causing bronchospiroche- 
tosis. S. bucca'lis, a species found in the human 
mouth. S. car'teri, a species from the relapsing 
fever of India. S. cohn'ii, found on the teeth 
and in the mouth. S. dentic'ola, S. den'- 
tium, a non-pathogenic species from carious 
teeth. S. dutto'ni. See Spironema duttoni. 
S. emil'ise, a species which has been found in 
the blood of typhus patients. S. engyra'ta, a 
form found in human feces and believed by some 
to cause a form of dysentery. S. fo'rans, a pro- 
tozobn organism resembling 5. pallida, named from 
its boring rotatory movements, with little or no 
flexion. It causes a rheumatoid affection (H. 
Reiter, 1916). S. gallina'rum. See Spironema 
gallinarum. S. hebdom'adis, a species said to 
be the causative agent of nanukayami of Japan. 
S. hy'os, a species isolated from cases of hog- 
cholera. S. icterohaemorrha'giae, a species 
found by Inada in Weil's disease (Inada and Ido, 
1916). Now called Leptospira icterohqmorrhagia. 
S. icteroi'des. Same as Leptospira icteroides. 
S. inter'rogans, a species found in the kidney 
in a case of yellow fever. S. ko'chi, a species 
found in cases of East African tick fever. S. 
lymphat'ica, a species found in lymphatic leuke- 
mia and lymphosarcoma. S. microgyra'ta, a 
species found by Lowenthal in ulcerated human 
carcinoma, in a dog tumor, and in feces. S. mor'- 
sus mu'ris, a spirochete found in rat-bite fever. 
S. mu'ris, a species found in mice. S. neo- 
tropica'lis, a species of spirochete found in the 
relapsing fever of Panama, transmitted by the 
tick, Ornithodorus talaje. S. no'vyi. See Spiro- 
nema novyi. S. obermei'eri. See Spironema 
recurrentis. S. orienta'lis, a form found in 
ulcerating granuloma of the pudenda. S. pal'- 
lida, a spiral organism, the pathogenic parasite 
of syphilis; called also Treponema pallidum. 
S. perten'uis, a species thought to be the 
specific cause of frambesia. S. phagede'nis, 
a species obtained from a case of phagedenic 
ulcer on the external genitals of a woman. S. 
plicat'ilis. a large, non-parasitic species. S. 
recurren'tis. Same as5. obermeieri. S. refrin'- 
gens, a species found on the healthy genital or- 
gans. S. ros'si is the cause of the relapsing fever SPIROCHZETA 
1032 
SPIROCHXETA 
Spirochaeta anserina with a blood-corpuscle 
for comparison (Sacharoff). 
Spirochaeta dentium. x 1500 
(Hoffmann and Prowazek). 
Spirochaeta dentium. Cut 
ture (Muhlens). 
Spirochaeta gallinarum in blood- 
corpuscle (Prowazek). 
Spirochaeta novyi (Schellack). 
Spirochaeta duttoni (Schellack). 
svphilit°ic^ Smear from a 
X reli^ ; b' d°ubtful f°™S > 
Spirochaeta pallida in liver of syphilitic fetus stained by 
Levaditi's silver method (Bosanquet). 
Spirochaeta pallida in leukocytes (Gierke). 
Spirochaeta pertenuis (Castellani). 
Spirochaeta recurrentis (Sp. ober- 
meieri) (Schellack). 
Spirochaete of ulcerated 
cancer (Schaudinn). 
Spirochaete of ulcus tropicum. Sexual forms, 
X2250 (Prowazek). SPI ROCHXETALES 
1033 
SPLANCHNESTHETIC 
of East Africa. S. schaudin'ni, a species found 
in tropical ulcer of the leg. S. thei'leri, a species 
found in cattle suffering from a disease marked 
by fever, diarrhea, and enlargement of the spleen. 
S. vincen'ti, a species found in the throat in 
Vincent's angina, along with the Bacillus fusi- 
formis. S. zeiman'ni, a species found in the 
blood of the owl. 
Spirochaetales (spi-ro-ke-ta'les). An order of 
Schizomycetes intermediate between the true 
bacteria and the protozoa. It includes the genera 
Spirochata, Treponema, Spironema, and Lepto- 
spira 
spirochae tosis. See spirochetosis. 
spirochetal (spi-ro-ke'tal). Pertaining to or 
caused by spirochetes. 
spirochetalytic (spi-ro-ke-tal-it'ik). Destroying 
spirochetes. 
spirochete (spi'ro-ket). An individual belonging to 
the genus Spirochaeta. 
spirochetemia (spi-ro-ke-te'me-ah) [spirochete + 
Gr. alpa blood]. The presence of spirochetes in 
the urine. 
spirocheticidal (spi-ro-ke-tis-i'dal)[ spirochete + 
L. ccedere to kill]. Destructive to spirochetes. 
spirocheticide (spi-ro-ke'tos-id). A substance 
which destroys spirochetes. 
spirochetolysis (spi-ro-ke-tol'is-is) [spirochete + 
Gr. Xwris dissolution]. The destruction of spiro- 
chetes by lysis. 
spirochetosis, spirochaetosis (spi"ro-ke-to'sis). 
Infection with spirochetes, s. arthrit'ica, a 
rheumatoid affection of the joints caused by Spi- 
rochata forans (H. Reiter, 1916). bronchopul- 
monary s., bronchospirochetosis, gastric s. 
See grass sickness, under sickness, icterogenic 
s., s. icterohaemorrhag'ica, infectious jaun- 
dice or Weil's disease. See Weil's disease, under 
disease. 
spirochetotic (spi-ro-ke-tot'ik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by spirochetosis. 
spirocheturia (spi-ro-ke-tu're-ah) [spirochete + 
Gr. ovpop urine]. The presence of spirochetes in 
the urine. 
spiroform (spi'ro-form). A proprietary antirheu- 
matic, analgesic, and uric-acid solvent, acetyl- 
salol, CH3.CO.O.C6H4.O.CO.C6H5. Dose, 75-15 
gr- (0.5-1 gm.). 
spirograph (spi'ro-graf) [L. spira're to breathe + 
Gr. ypaipeip to write]. An instrument for regis- 
tering the respiratory movements. 
spirographidin (spi-ro-graf'id-in). A hyalin de- 
rived from spirographin. 
spirographin (spi-rog'raf-in). A hyalogen de- 
rivable from the skeletal structures of Spirog'- 
raphis, a worm-like animal. 
spiroid (spi'roid). Resembling a spiral. 
spiroma (spi-ro'mah). Spiradenoma. 
spirometer (spi-rom'et-er) [L. spira're to breathe 
+. me'trum measure]. An instrument for meas- 
uring the air taken into and exhaled from the 
lungs. 
spirometric (spi-ro-met'rik). Pertaining to spi- 
rometry or the spirometer. 
spirometry (spi-rom'et-re). The measurement of 
the breathing capacity of the lungs. 
Spiromonas (spi-rom'o-nas) [Gr. crireipa coil + 
popas a unit]. A genus or form of spirillum of 
various species. 
spirone (spi'ron). A preparation of acetone, potas- 
sium hyposulphite, iodin, glycerin, and water: 
used as a disinfectant and as a substitute for potas- 
sium iodid. 
Spironema (spi-ro-ne'mah) [Gr. arrelpa coil + 
pypa thread]. A genus of Spirochetes, including 
the organisms of relapsing fever and Vincent's 
angina. S. ber'bera, the species which causes 
North African or Algerian relpasing fever. It is 
transmitted by Pediculus humanus. S. car'- 
teri, the species which causes the relapsing fever 
of Asia and India; it is transmitted by lice. S. 
dutto'ni, the species which causes African tick 
fever and which is conveyed by the bite of the 
tick, Ornithorus moubata. S. gallina'rum, a 
species which causes a very fatal disease of chick- 
ens; it is conveyed by the bite of the tick, Ar gas 
persicus. S. icterohemorrha'gise. See Lep- 
tospira icterohemorrhagice. S. ko'chi, the species 
which causes East African tick fever. S. no'vyi, 
a species found in cases of relapsing fever in 
America. S. recurren'tis, the species which 
causes the European relapsing fever. It is a deli- 
cate spiral thread 7 to 9 microns in length and 
actively motile. S. refrin'gens, a form found in 
smegma. S. vincen'tii, an organism which is 
the causative agent of Vincent's angina. It occurs 
in the form of long spirilla and of fusiform bacteria- 
like rods. The latter were formerly regarded as 
bacteria and called Bacillus fusiformis. 
spirophore (spi'ro-for) [L. spira're to breathe + 
Gr. tpopeiv to bear]. An apparatus to effect arti- 
ficial respiration. 
Spirosal (spi'ro-sal). A colorless, odorless fluid, 
OH C6H4.Cq.O.CH2.CH2.OH, a monoglycolic acid 
ester of salicylic acid: used externally in the 
treatment of rheumatism. 
Spiroschaudinnia (spi"ro-shaw-din'e-ah). A 
genus of spirochete-like organisms, parasitic in the 
blood. They are minute, wavy or spiral threads, 
with an undulating membrane and no flagella. 
See Spirochceta. S. dutto'ni. Same as Spiro- 
chceta duttoni. S. recurren'tis. Same as Spiro- 
chceta obermeieri. 
Spiroschaudin'niae. The group of spirochetes 
causing the relapsing fevers. 
spiroscope (spi'ro-skbp) [L. spira're to breathe + 
Gr. GKoireiv to view]. An apparatus for respiration 
exercises by which the patient can see the amount 
of water displaced in a given time and thus gage 
his respiratory capacity. 
spiroscopy (spi-ros'ko-pe). The use of the spiro- 
scope. 
Spirosoma (spi-ro-so'mah) [Gr. aireipa coil + alb pa 
body]. A genus of bacteria akin to Spiril'lum: 
the cells are rigid spirals or segments of spirals, 
and have no locomotive organs. 
spirulina (spir-u-li'nah) [L. spi/ula twist]. A 
microorganism occurring in coiled and twisted 
filaments. 
spissated (spis-a'ted) [L. spissa'tus]. Inspissated: 
thickened by evaporation. 
spissitude (spis'it-ud) [L. spissitu'do]. The state 
or quality of being inspissated. 
spittle (spit'l). The saliva. 
Spitzka's bundle, nucleus, tract, (spitz'kahz) 
[Edward Charles Spitzka, New York neurologist, 
1852-1914]. See bundle, nucleus, tract. 
Spix's spine (spik'ses) [Johann Baptist Spix, 
German naturalist, 1781-1826]. See under spine. 
splanchnapophyseal (splank"nap-o-fiz'e-al). 
Pertaining to a splanchnapophysis. 
splanchnapophysis (splank-nap-of'is-is) [Gr. 
airXayxPOP viscus -|- apophysis], A skeletal ele- 
ment, like the lower jaw, connected with the ali- 
mentary canal. 
splanchnectopia (splank-nek-to'pe-ah) [Gr. 
cnrXayxuov viscus + ^ktottos out of place]. Dis- 
placement of a viscus. 
splanchnemphraxis (splank-nem-fraks'is) [Gr. 
cnrXa.yXPOP viscus + ep<ppa^cs stoppage]. Ob- 
struction of a viscus, particularly the intestine. 
splanchnesthesia (splank-nes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
aTrXayxvov viscus + aWyais sensation]. Visceral 
sensation. 
splanchnesthetic (splank-nes-thet'ik) [Gr. 
ffTrXayxuov viscus -f- aWijais sensation]. Per- 
taining to visceral consciousness or sensation. SPLANCHNIC 
1034 
SPLENIAL 
splanchnic (splank'nik) [Gr. <TTrXayxv<-Kbs; L. 
splanch'nicus]. Pertaining to the viscera. 
splanchnoblast (splank'no-blast) [Gr. airXayxuou 
viscus + ^Xaaros germ]. The rudiment or anlage 
of any viscus. 
splanchnocele (splank'no-sel) [Gr. cnrXayxooo vis- 
cus + KT)Xr) hernia]. Hernial protrusion of a viscus. 
splanchnocoele (splank'no-sel)[Gr. crTrXayxi'op vis- 
cus + koiXos hollow]. That portion of the body- 
cavity, or coelom, from which are developed the ab- 
dominal, pericardial, and pleural cavities. Called 
also pleuroperitoneal cavity and ventral coelom. 
splanchnoderm (splank'no-derm). Same as 
splanchnopleure. 
splanchnodiastasis (splank"no-di-as'tas-is) [Gr. 
airXayxvov viscus + biaor acres separation]. Sepa- 
ration of a viscus; displacement of a viscus. 
splanchnodynia (splank-no-din'e-ah) [Gr. 
crTrXayxvov viscus 4- obvor] pain]. Pain in an 
abdominal organ. 
splanchnography (splank-nog'raf-e) [Gr. <T7rXd7x- 
vov viscus + ypaipt) writing]. The descriptive 
anatomy of the viscera. 
splanchnolith (splank'no-lith) [Gr. a7rXd7x»,o>' 
viscus + Xi6os stone]. An intestinal calculus or 
concretion. 
splanchnology (splank-nol'o-je) [Gr. cnrXayxvoy 
viscus 4- Xoyos treatise]. The sum of knowledge 
in regard to the viscera. 
splanchnomegalia, splanchnomegaly 
(splank"no-meg-a'le-ah, splank-no-meg'al-e) [Gr. 
aTrXayxyov viscus 4- peyas large]. Enlargement 
of the viscera. 
splanchnopathy (splank-nop'ath-e) [Gr. airXayx- 
vov viscus 4- rrados disease]. Disease of the 
viscera. 
splanchnopleural (splank-no-plu'ral). Pertain- 
ing to the splanchnopleure. 
splanchnopleure (splank'no-plur) [Gr. crrrXayx- 
vov viscus -|- irXevpa side], i. The inner layer of 
the mesoblast, separated from the somatopleure 
by the pleuroperitoneal space. Called also 
splanchnic mesoblast and visceral mesoblast. 2. 
The layer formed by the union of the splanchno- 
pleure (i) with the hypoblast. From it are 
developed the muscles and the connective tissue 
of the intestine. 
splanchnoptosia (splank-nop-to'se-ah). Splanch- 
noptosis. 
splanchnoptosis (splank-nop-to'sis) [Gr. <nr\ayx- 
vov viscus 4- iTTuais falling]. The prolapse, or 
falling down, of the viscera. Called also abdominal 
ptosis and Glenard's disease. 
splanchnosclerosis (splank"no-skle-ro'sis) [Gr. 
<nr\a.yxvov viscus 4- <TK\i)pbs hard]. Induration 
of the viscera. 
splanchnoscopy (splank-nos'ko-pe) [Gr. vir\a.yx- 
vov viscus 4- aKoireiv to view]. The inspection 
of the viscera by transillumination. 
splanchnoskeleton (splank-no-skel'et-on) [Gr. 
airXayxvov viscus 4- vKeXerbv skeleton]. The 
totality of the skeletal structures connected with 
the viscera, especially the bony structure that 
forms within certain organs of animals, as in the 
tongue, eye, penis, etc. 
splanchnosomatic (splank"no-so-mat'ik). Per- 
taining to the viscera and the body. 
splanchnotomy (splank-not'o-me) [Gr. aTrXayxvov 
viscus 4- repveiv to cut]. The anatomy or dis- 
section of the viscera. 
splanchnotribe (splank'no-trib) [Gr. airXayxvov 
intestine 4- Tpt0eiv to crush]. An instrument for 
crushing the intestine and so closing its lumen. 
spleen (splen) [Gr. airXip'; L. splen]. One of the 
so-called ductless glands; a purplish abdominal 
viscus of the hematopoietic system, placed on the 
left side of the cardiac end of the stomach. It 
disintegrates the red blood-corpuscles and sets 
free the hemoglobin, which the liver converts 
into bilirubin, and has other important functions, 
the full scope of which is not entirely determined. 
Its stroma consists of a fibro-elastic capsule, 
which gives off a network of fine fibrillary trabecula, 
the interspaces of which are filled with a reddish- 
brown splenic pulp, containing blood, lymph-cells, 
blood-cells, and large and small sustentacular cells. 
The malpighian bodies are found in the coats of the 
arterioles. The organ is connected to the dia- 
phragm by a suspensory ligament, rests upon the 
costocolic ligament, and is inclosed by the gastro- 
splenic omentum. Its vessels and nerves enter and 
depart by an elongated vertical hilum on the right 
side, accessory s., a detached and outlying 
portion, or exclave, of the spleen, bacon-s., 
a spleen with areas of amyloid degeneration, giving 
its cut surfaces the appearance of fried bacon, 
cyanotic s., a contracted form of spleen due to 
passive congestion, diffuse waxy S., amyloid 
degeneration of the spleen involving especially the 
coats of the venous sinuses and the reticulum of the 
organ, enlarged s., sphenomegalia; also the 
so-called ague-cake, a hypertrophy of the spleen 
due to chronic malarial poisoning, floating s., 
a spleen displaced and preternaturally movable. 
Called also wandering s. lardaceous s. See 
waxy s. porphyry s., a spleen which is the seat 
of nodular infiltration, sago-s., a spleen having 
on its cut surface the appearance of grains of sago: 
due to amyloid infiltration, wandering s. See 
floating s. waxy s., a spleen affected with amy- 
loid degeneration. Called also lardaceous s. 
splenadenoma (sple"nad-en-o'mah) [Gr. airX^v 
spleen + abip> gland 4- -co pa tumor]. Hyperplasia 
of the spleen-pulp. 
splensemia (sple-ne'me-ah). See splenemia. 
splenalgia (sple-nal'je-ah) [Gr. air\rp> spleen + 
aXyos pain]. Neuralgic pain in the spleen. 
splenatrophia, splenatrophy (splen-at-ro'fe-ah, 
splen-at'ro-fe) [Gr. crirX-qv spleen + atrophy]. 
Atrophy of the spleen. 
splenauxe (sple-nawks'e) [Gr. airXr)v spleen 4* 
increase]. Enlargement of the spleen. 
splenceratosis (splen"ser-at-o'sis) [Gr. airX-qv 
spleen + Kepas horn]. A morbid hardening of the 
spleen. 
splenculus (spleng'ku-lus) [L. " little spleen "]. 
An accessory spleen, or splenic exclave. 
splenectasis (splen-ek'tas-is) [Gr. airX^v spleen 4- 
ekt acres enlargement]. Enlargement of the spleen. 
splenectomize (sple-nek'to-miz). To remove the 
spleen from. 
splenectomy (sple-nek'to-me) [Gr. o-irX-qv spleen + 
eKTopr] excision]. Excision or extirpation of the 
spleen, subcapsular s., splenectomy in which 
the capsule of the organ is incised and the spleen 
decapsulated and removed. 
splenectopia, splenectopy (sple-nek-to'pe-ah, 
sple-nek'to-pe) [Gr. arrXrjv spleen 4- ck out 4* 
tottos place]. Displacement of the spleen; wan- 
dering or floating spleen. 
splenelcosis (sple-nel-ko'sis) [Gr. <nrXi]v spleen + 
itXKaxris ulceration]. Ulceration of the spleen. 
splenemia, spleneemia (splen-e'me-ah) [Gr. 
<tttXt)v spleen 4- alpa blood], i. Splenic leu- 
kemia. 2. Congestion of the spleen with blood. 
splenemphraxis (sple-nem-fraks'is) [Gr. airXriv 
spleen + epcppaifls obstruction]. Congestion of the 
spleen. 
spleneolus (sple-ne'o-lus). Accessory spleen. 
splenepatitis (sple"nep-at-i'tis) [Gr. airM/v spleen 
+ r/irap liver + -tris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the spleen and liver. 
splenetic (sple-net'ik). Affected with splenic dis- 
order; ill-humored. 
splenial (sple'ne-al). Pertaining to the splenium 
or to the splenius muscle. SPLENIC 
1035 
SPLENUNCULUS 
splenic (splen'ik) [Gr. a^rX^vixos; L. splen'icus]. 
Pertaining to the spleen. 
splenicterus (sple-nik'ter-us) [Gr. airX^v spleen + 
iKTepos jaundice]. Inflammation of the spleen 
associated with jaundice. 
spleniferrin (splen-if-er'in). A therapeutic prep- 
aration of the spleen of the ox, combined with 
iron albuminate, in a chocolate-brown powder. 
splenification (splen"if-ik-a'shun). Same as 
splenization. 
spleniform (splen'if-orm). Resembling the spleen, 
splenin (sple'nin). A therapeutic preparation of 
the spleen of an animal. 
spleniserrate (splen-is-er'at). Pertaining to the 
splenius and the serratus muscles. 
splenitis (sple-ni'tis) [Gr. (nrXrjp spleen]. Inflam- 
mation of the spleen: a condition that is usually 
produced by pyemia. It is attended by enlarge- 
ment of the organ with pus, and is marked by 
much local pain, spodogenous s., that due to 
accumulation of foreign particles in the spleen. 
splenium (sple'ne-um) [Gr. airXr)piop]. i. A band- 
age or compress. 2. The posterior rounded end 
of the callosum. 
splenius (sple'ne-us). See muscles, table of. 
splenization (splen-iz-a'shun). That condition 
of a part, especially the lung, in which it has the 
appearance of the tissue of the spleen, due to 
engorgement and condensation, hypostatic s., 
that produced by hypostatic pneumonia. 
splenoblast (sple'no-blast) [Gr. aTrXpp spleen + 
^XaoTos germ]. A cell which develops into a 
splenocyte. 
splenocele (splen'o-sel) [Gr. cncX-qv spleen + KTpXr) 
hernia}. Hernia of the spleen. 
splenoceratosis (sple"no-ser-at-o'sis) [Gr. crrcXriv 
spleen + Kep as horn]. Hardening of the spleen. 
splenocleisis (sple-no-kli'sis) [Gr. <nrXi)p spleen + 
kXcutis closure]. Irritation of the suafrce of the 
spleen to induce the development of new fibrous 
tissue. 
splenocolic (sple-no-kol'ik) [L. splen spleen + 
co'lon colon]. Pertaining to the spleen and colon. 
splenocyte (splen'o-sit) [Gr. oirX-qp spleen + kotos 
cell. 1. The peculiar uninuclear cell of the splenic 
tissue. 2. Same as endotheliocyte. 
splenodiagnosis (sple"no-di-ag-no'sis). Diagnosis 
of typhoid fever by noting the effect on the spleen 
of injections of extracts of typhoid bacilli. 
splenodynia (sple-no-din'e-ah) [Gr. a-KX-qp spleen + 
bbvvr) pain]. Pain in the spleen. 
splenography (sple-nog'raf-e) [Gr. <nrXi)p spleen 
+ ypn-tpi) writing]. A description of the spleen. 
splenohemia (sple-no-he'me-ah). See splenemia. 
splenohepatomegalia (sple"no-hep"at-o-meg-af- 
le-ah). Splenohepatomegaly. 
splenohepatomegaly (sple"no-hep"at-o-meg'al-e) 
[Gr. ottXt)p spleen + rprap liver + peyas large]. 
Enlargement of the spleen and liver. 
splenoid (sple'noid) [Gr. a7rXf)P spleen + elbos 
form]. Resembling the spleen. 
splenokeratosis (sple"no-ker-at-o'sis) [Gr. cnrXt)p 
spleen + Kepas horn]. Hardening of the spleen. 
splenolaparotomy (sple"no-lap-ar-ot'o-me). Same 
as laparosplenotomy. 
splenology (sple-nol'o-je) [Gr. oirX^p spleen + 
Xbyos discourse]. The sum of knowledge regard- 
ing the spleen, its functions and diseases. 
splenolymph (sple'no-limf). Both splenic and 
lymphatic in character. See under gland. 
splenolymphatic (sple"no-lim-fat'ik). Pertaining 
to the spleen and lymph-glands. 
splenolysin (sple-nol'is-in) [Gr. airXyp spleen + 
Xuacs dissolution]. A lysin destructive to splenic 
tissue. 
splenolysis (sple-nol'is-is). Destruction of spleen 
tissue. 
splenoma (sple-no'mah), pl. spleno'mata [Gr. 
<nrXi)v spleen + -wjua tumor], A tumor of the 
spleen. 
splenomalacia (sple"no-mal-a'she-ah) [Gr. airX-qv 
spleen + paXaKia softness]. Abnormal softness 
of the spleen; softening of the spleen. 
splenomedullary (sple"no-med'ul-a-re). Of or 
pertaining to the spleen and bone-marrow. 
splenomegalia, splenomegaly (sple"no-meg-a'- 
le-ah, sple-no-meg'al-e) [Gr. airXyp spleen + peyas 
large]. Enlargement of the spleen. The term 
is principally applied to s. primiti'va, a disease 
marked by hypertrophy of the spleen, with pro- 
gressive anemia and with no leukemia or disease 
of the lymph-glands. The disease is curable by 
splenectomy; and cases in which the organ is 
not removed are always fatal. Gaucher's s. See 
Gaucher's disease, under disease, hemolytic s., 
splenomegalia marked by destruction of the red 
corpuscles of the blood, infantile s., a disease 
resembling kala-azar, occurring in young children, 
and caused by Leishmania infantum, spodogen- 
ous s., enlargement of the spleen attributed to 
accumulation of erythrocytes in the organ, trop- 
ical s., febrile. See kala-azar. 
splenomyelogenous (sple"no-mi-el-oj'en-us). 
Formed in the spleen and bone-marrow; spleno- 
medullary. 
splenomyelomalacia (sple"no-mi"el-o-mal-a'se- 
ah) [Gr. ffnXrjv spleen + marrow -f- 
paXaida softening]. Softening of the spleen and 
bone-marrow. 
splenoncus (sple-nong'kus) [Gr. airX-qv spleen + 
oyKos tumor]. Tumor of the spleen. 
splenonephric (sple-no-nef'rik). Pertaining to 
the spleen and the kidney. 
splenonephroptosis (sple"no-nef-rop-to'sis) [Gr. 
cttcX^ spleen 4- v&ppbs kidney + ttzwctis falling]. 
Downward displacement of the spleen and kidney 
on the same side. 
splenopancreatic (sple"no-pan-kre-at'ik). Per- 
taining to the spleen and the pancreas. 
splenoparectama, splenoparectasis (sple"no- 
par-ek'tam-ah, sple"no-par-ek'tas-is) [Gr. arcX-qv 
spleen + TrapeKraais extension]. Excessive en- 
largement of the spleen. 
splenopathy (splen-op'ath-e) [Gr. <nrXf)v spleen 4- 
irados illness]. Any disease of the spleen. 
splenopexia, splenopexis, splenopexy (splen-o- 
peks'e-ah, sple'no-peks-is, sple'no-peks-e) [Gr. 
aTrXrjv spleen + fixation]. Surgical fixation 
of a wandering spleen to the abdominal wall by 
sutures. 
splenophrenic (splen-o-fren'ik) [Gr. airX^p spleen 
+ <ppr)v diaphragm]. Pertaining to the spleen 
and diaphragm. 
splenopneumonia (splen"o-nu-mo'ne-ah) [Gr. 
<nrXr]v spleen + pneumonia]. Pneumonia attended 
with splenization of the lung. 
splenoptosia, splenoptosis (sple-nop-to'se-ah, 
-to'sis) [Gr. spleen + irrwais falling]. Pro- 
lapse or downward displacement of the spleen. 
splenorrhagia (sple-no-ra'je-ah) [Gr. otcXtip spleen 
+ prjyvvvai to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from 
the spleen. 
splenorrhaphy (sple-nor'af-e) [Gr. airX-qp spleen + 
paipr) suture]. Suture of wounds of the spleen. 
splenotomy (sple-not'o-me) [Gr. airX^p spleen + 
repveiv to cut]. Surgical incision of the spleen. 
splenotoxin (sple-no-tok'sin). The toxin con- 
tained in the splenic tissue. 
splenotyphoid (sple-no-ti'foid). Typhoid fever 
with marked splenic involvement. 
splenulus (splen'u-lus). A little spleen; an acces- 
sory spleen. 
splenunculus (sple-nung'ku-lus). Same as lien- 
unculus. SPLINT 
1036 
SPONDYLOSYNDESIS 
splint (splint). 1. A rigid or flexible appliance for 
the fixation of displaced or movable parts. 2. A 
small tumor along the metacarpal bones of horses, 
usually at the junction of the large and small meta- 
carpals, producing lameness. Agnew's S., a 
splint for fracture of the patella; also one for frac- 
ture of the metacarpus. (See illustrations on p. 
1037.) anchor-s., a splint for fracture of the jaw, 
with metal loops fitting over the teeth and held 
together by a rod. Angle's s., a wire splint for 
fastening the lower teeth to tbe upper ones in 
fracture of the mandible, the wires being held in 
place by bands cemented to the teeth. Ash- 
hurst 's S., a bracketed splint of wire with a 
foot-piece: made to cover the thigh and leg, and 
used after excision of the knee-joint. Bavarian 
S., an immovable dressing in which the plaster is 
applied between two layers of flannel. Bond's 
S., a form of splint for fracture of the lower end of 
the radius, bracketed s., a splint composed of 
two pieces of metal or wood joined by brackets. 
Carter's intranasal s., a fenestrated steel 
bridge, the wings of which are connected by a 
hinge: used in the bridge-splint operation of de- 
pressed bridge of the nose, coaptation s's, 
small splints adjusted about a fractured limb for 
the purpose of producing coaptation of fragments. 
Dupuytren's s., a splint to prevent eversion in 
Pott's fracture. Engelmann s., a big splint 
consisting of two strips of metal connecting at the 
top with a ring which fits over the thigh as high as 
it can be pushed up against the crotch. It is 
fastened at the lower end with a spike in each 
side which is driven into the shoe between the sole 
and upper, close to the heel. Fox's s., an appa- 
ratus for fractured clavicle. Gilmer s., a silver 
wire fastening for holding the lower teeth to the 
upper ones in fracture of the mandible. Gordon's 
s., a side splint for the arm and hand in Colles' 
fracture. Hammond's s., a wire splint for use 
in othodontic work, interdental s., a splint 
for fracture of the jaw, held in place by wires 
passed around the teeth. Jones' nasal s., a 
splint for fracture of the nasal bones. (See illus- 
tration on p. 1037.) Levis' s., a splint of per- 
forated metal extending from below the elbow 
to the end of the palm. It is shaped to fit the arm 
and hand. Mason's S., a splint for the after- 
treatment of amputation at the elbow. McGee's 
S., a splint for fracture of both rami of the man- 
dible. McIntire's s., a posterior splint for the 
leg and thigh, in the form of a double inclined plane, 
plaster S., a splint composed of gauze impreg- 
nated with plaster of Paris, poroplastic s., a 
splint which can be softened with water and molded 
upon the limb. Sayre's s., one of three varieties 
of splint: one for the ankle, one for the knee, and 
one for use in hip-joint disease. (See illustration on 
p. 1037.) Simpson's s., a shaped tampon of cot- 
ton for inserting into the nasal fossa. Stro- 
meyer's s., a splint consisting of two hinged por- 
tions which can be fixed at any angle. S. tech- 
nology, the scientific study of splints for surgeons' 
use. Thomas' knee-s., a splint for removing 
the pressure of the weight of the body from the 
knee-joint by transferring it to the ischium and 
perineum. Thomas' posterior s., a form of 
splint used in hip-joint disease. (See illustration 
on p. 1037.) Volkmann's s., a guttered splint 
with a foot-piece and two lateral supports: for 
fracture of the lower extremity 
splint-bone. The second or fourth small meta- 
carpal bones of the horse. 
splinter (splin'ter). A piece of fractured bone. 
splints. The presence of masses of new bone in 
the forelegs of young horses, due to osteitis. 
split-products. See under product. 
splitting (split'ing). Chemical separation of a 
complex substance into two or more simpler sub- 
stances; hydrolysis. 
spodiomyelitis (spo"de-o-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. airbbws 
ash-colored + /weXos marrow + -iris inflamma- 
tion]. Acute anterior poliomyelitis. 
spodogenous (spo-doj'en-us) [Gr. ff-rrobbs ashes -|- 
Vow to produce]. Pertaining to or caused by 
waste matters in an organ. 
spodophagous (spod-of'ag-us) [Gr. atrobbs ashes + 
(pay div to devour]. Eating up or destroying the 
waste materials of the body. 
spodophorous (spod-of'or-us) [Gr. arroSos ashes 4- 
<popeiv to bear]. Removing waste materials. 
spondylalgia (spon-dil-al'je-ah) [Gr. avrorSuXos 
vertebra + aXyos pain]. Pain in a vertebra. 
spondylarthritis (spon"dil-ar-thri'tis) [Gr. airbv- 
bv\os vertebra + apOpov joint + -ins inflamma- 
tion], Inflammation of the joints between the 
vertebrae. 
spondylarthrocace (spon-dil-ar-throk'as-e) [Gr. 
airbvbvXos vertebra + apOpov joint + KaKtf 
badness]. Tuberculosis of the vertebrae. 
spondylexarthrosis (spon"dil-eks-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. 
rnrbvbvXos vertebra + t^apdpilots dislocation]. 
Dislocation of a vertebra. 
spondylitic (spon-dil-it'ik). i. Affected with or 
of the nature of spondylitis. 2. A person affected 
with spondylitis. 
spondylitis (spon-dil-i'tis) [Gr. aro^SuXos vertebra 
+ -ins inflammation]. Inflammation of a ver- 
tebra; especially tuberculous disease of the ver- 
tebra:-Pott's disease, s. defor'mans, deform- 
ing arthritis of the vertebral joints causing the 
vertebral column to become bent and rigid. Kiim- 
mell's S., traumatic spondylitis in which the 
symptoms do not show themselves until some 
time after the receipt of the injury. s. rhi- 
zome'lica, advancing rigidity of the spine 
caused by ankylosis of the vertebra: extending 
from below upward, s. tuberculo'sa, tuber- 
culous disease of the vertebral joints, s. typho'- 
sa. See typhoid spine, under spine. 
spondylizema (spon"dil-iz-e'mah) [Gr. crirbvbvXos 
vertebra + 'i^rjpa depression]. Downward dis- 
placement of a vertebra in consequence of the 
destruction or softening of the one below it. 
spondylocace (spon-dil-ok'as-e) [Gr. airovbvXos 
vertebra fl- kuki) badness]. Tuberculosis of the 
vertebrae. 
spondylodiagnosis (spon"dil-o-di-ag-no'sis) [Gr. 
cnrbvbvXos vertebra -j- diagnosis]. Diagnosis by 
the reflexes obtained by stimulating the vertebrae. 
spondylodidymia (spon"dil-o-did-im'e-ah) [Gr. 
OTrbvbvXos vertebra + bibvpos twin], Teratic 
union of twins by the vertebrae. 
spondylodymus (spon-dil-od'im-us). A twin 
monster united by the vertebrae. 
spondylodynia (spon"dil-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. a-n-bv- 
bvXos vertebra + bbvvt) pain]. Pain in a vertebra, 
spondylolisthesis (spon"dil-o-lis-the'sis) [Gr. 
aTrbvbvXos vertebra + oXta^areip to slip]. For- 
ward displacement of the lumbar vertebra, with 
consequent contraction of the pelvis. 
spondylolisthetic (spon"dil-o-lis-thet'ik). Per- 
taining to or caused by spondylolisthesis. 
spondylopathy (spon-dil-op'ath-e) [Gr. airbvbvXos 
vertebra + irdOos affection]. Any disorder of the 
vertebrae, traumatic s. See Kummell's dis- 
ease, under disease. 
spondylopyosis (spon"dil-o-pi-o'sis) [Gr. airbv- 
bv\os vertebra + irvucris suppuration]. Suppura- 
tion of a vertebra or of vertebrae. 
spondyloschisis (spon-dil-os'kis-is) [Gr. airbvbvXos 
vertebra + ax lais fissure]. Congenital fissure of 
a vertebral arch. 
spondylosis (spon-dil-o'sis). Ankylosis of a ver- 
tebral joint, rhizomelic S., complete ankylosis 
of the vertebrae, with more or less ankylosis of the 
hip- and shoulder-joints. 
spondylosyndesis (spon"dil-o-sin'de-sis) [Gr. 
aTrbvbvXos spine + avvbeais a binding together]. 
Operative immobilization or ankylosis of the spine. SPLINTS 
1037 
SPLINTS 
Dupuytren's splint in Pott's fracture. 
Agnew's splint for fractured patella 
Agnew's splint for fracture of metacarpus. 
Agnew's splint applied. 
Jones' nasal splint. 
Bond's splint. 
Internal angular splint in fracture of the shaft 
of the humerus. 
Bond's splint in Colles's fracture. 
Anterior angular splint for fractures near the 
elbow-joint. 
Thomas's posterior 
splint. 
Hutchinson's knee- 
joint splint. 
Sayre's knee-splint 
applied. 
Thomas's knee-splint. SPONDYLOTHERAPY 
1038 
SPOROGENY 
spondylotherapy (spon"dil-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. crirbv- 
bvXos vertebra 4* OepaTreia treatment]. Treat- 
ment by physical methods applied to the spinal 
region; spinal therapeutics. 
spondylotomy (spon-dil-ot'o-me) [Gr. airbvbvXos 
vertebra 4- Topb cut]. Same as rachitomy. 
spondylous (spon'dil-us). Pertaining to a vertebra. 
spongarion (spon-ga're-on) [Gr.]. An ancient eye- 
salve. 
Sponge (spunj) [L. spon'gia; Gr. aTroyyca sponge). 
1. The elastic fibrous skeleton of Euspon'gia offici- 
na'lis, a marine animal organism: used mainly as 
an absorbent. 2. A gauze pad stuffed with cotton- 
waste and sterilized, s.-graft, a bit of sponge 
inserted in an ulcer or a wound to promote granu- 
lation. s.-tent, a piece of dry, compressed 
sponge to be inserted in a contracted passage, such 
as the os uteri. The secretions of the passage cause 
expansion of the sponge. 
spongia (spon'je-ah) [L.; Gr. <riroyyi&]. Sponge, s. 
cera'ta, s. praepara'ta, pressed and prepared 
sponges used in making sponge-tents. S. com- 
pres'sa, compressed sponge; a sponge-tent. s. 
us'ta, burnt sponge; an alterative; its curative 
qualities are due to the contained iodin. 
spongiform (spon'jif-orm) [Gr. airbyyos sponge 4* 
L. for'ma shape].. Resembling a sponge. 
Spongin (spon'jin). A homy, albuminoid material 
forming the basis of sponge. 
spongioblast (spon'je-o-blast) [Gr. aicoyyLa sponge 
+ PXaarbs germ], 1. Any one of the embryonic 
epithelial cells, developed about the neural canal, 
which become transformed into ependyma cells. 
2. Same as amacrine. 
spongiocyte (spon'je-o-sit) [Gr. airoyyid sponge 4- 
kvtos cell]. A neuroglia cell. 
spongioid (spon'je-oid) [Gr. <nroyyta sponge 4- 
eibos form]. Resembling a sponge in structure or 
appearance. 
Spongiopilin(spon"je-o-pi'lin) [Gr. aTroyyia. sponge 
4- rriXos felt]. A fabric formed of sponge and wool 
felted together with a layer of caoutchouc applied 
to one surface: used like a poultice. 
spongioplasm (spon'je-o-plazm) [Gr. <r troy yea 
sponge 4- irXaapa plasm]. 1. A network of 
chromatin fibrils pervading the cell substance 
and forming the reticulum of the cell. Called 
also fibrillar mass of Flemming. 2. The granular 
material of an axon. 
spongiosa (spon-je-o'sah). See substantia spongiosa. 
spongiositis (spon"je-o-si'tis). Inflammation of 
the corpus spongiosum. 
spongy (spun'je). Of a sponge-like appearance 
or texture. 
spontaneous (spon-ta'ne-us) [L. sponta'neus]. 
Voluntary; instinctive; occurring without exter- 
nal influence. 
spoon (spoon). A metallic instrument with an 
oval bowl placed on a handle. Daviel's s., an 
instrument used in removing the eye-lens, sharp 
S., a spoon with a sharp-edged bowl: used for 
scraping away granulations, etc. Volkmann's 
S. Same as sharp s. 
Spoon-nail. Ceylonychia. 
sporadic (spo-rad'ik) [Gr. airopabiKos scattered; L. 
sporad'icus]. Not widely diffused or epidemic^ 
occurring here and there. 
sporadoneure (spo-rad'o-nur) [Gr. aTcopabLKbs spo- 
radic + vevpov nerve]. An isolated nerve-cell 
occurring in any of the tissues. 
sporangia (spo-ran'je-ah). The plural of spo- 
rangium. 
sporangial (spo-ran'je-al). Pertaining to a spo- 
rangium. 
sporangiophore (spo-ran'je-o-for). The thread- 
like stalk which bears at its tip the sporangium of 
molds. 
sporangium (spo-ran'je-um), pl. sporan'gia [Gr. 
arcbpos seed + ayyelou vessel]. Any encystment 
containing spores or spore-like bodies, as in the 
larval state of trematode parasites or in certain 
of the mold fungi. 
sporation (spo-ra'shun). Same as sporulation. 
Spore (spor) [L. spo'ra; Gr. airbpos seed]. The re- 
productive element of one of the lower organisms, 
such as a protozoan or a cryptogamic plant. 
Exospores or conidia are non-sexual spores arising 
from the end of the hypha; by budding. Large 
ones are called macroconidia; small ones, micro- 
conidia. Endospores or gonidia are formed in the 
interior of special spore cases called sporangia. 
Endospores that are free and provided with loco- 
motive flagella are zoospores, their cases being 
termed zoosporangia. An ascospore is a variety 
of endospore contained in a special spore-case 
called an ascus. Zygospores are spores formed by a 
conjugation between two special hyphae. Cha- 
lamydospores are asexual resting spores, with 
thick walls, produced by enlargement of special 
cells. Oospores are spores formed by fertilization 
in a manner similar to true seeds, asexual s., a 
spore produced by division within the walls of a 
mother-cell, black s., a degenerated blood-para- 
site in the body of a mosquito, swarm-s's, 
spores made up of numerous active motile individ- 
uals. washed s's., spores of bacteria which have 
been freed from their toxin by washing. 
sporenrest (spo'ren-rest). The mass of protoplasm 
left after the completion of sporulation of two 
congregating protozoan cells. Called also sporal 
residuum. 
sporetia (spo-re'she-ah). That part of the extra- 
nuclehr chromatin of a cell that is concerned in the 
reproductive function of the cell. 
sporicidal (spo-ris-i'dal) [spore 4* L. ccedere to kill]. 
Destroying spores. 
sporicide (spo'ris-id). i. Same as sporicidal. 2. 
An agent that destroys spores. 
sporidiosis (spo-rid-e-o'sis). Infection with spo- 
ridia. 
sporidium (spo-rid'e-um), pl. sporid'ia. A pro- 
tozoan organism in one of the spore-stages of 
its growth: frequently seen in the vertebrate or- 
ganism as a parasite. S. vaccina'le. Same as 
Cytorrhyctes vaccinice. 
sporiferous (spo-rif'er-us) (L. spo'ra spore 4- 
fer're to bear]. Producing or bearing spores. 
sporiparous (spo-rip'ar-us) [L. sp'ora spore 4" 
pa'rere to produce]. Producing spores. 
sporo-agglutination (spo"ro-ag-lu-tin-a'shun). 
Agglutination of spores in the diagnosis of sporo- 
trichosis. 
sporoblast (spo'ro-blast) [Gr. airopos seed 4- ^\aa- 
ros germ]. A spore mother-cell formed by the 
union of two gametes in certain sporozoa. It 
consists of a mass of protoplasm from which a 
single spore develops. 
sporocyst (spo'ro-sist) [Gr. airbpos seed 4- Kvarts 
cell]. 1. Any cyst or sac containing spores or 
reproductive cells, especially in a vegetal or animal 
organism of a low type. 2. The envelop that 
forms about a sporoblast in its course of develop- 
ment into a spore. Called also spore membrane. 
sporoduct (spo'ro-dukt). A tube-like structure 
in the walls of certain sporocysts through which 
the spores are given off. 
sporogenesis (spo-ro-jen'es-is) [Gr. airbpos spore 
4- yeveais production]. The formation of spores; 
reproduction by spores. 
sporogenic (spo-ro-jen'ik) [Gr. aTtbpos spore 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Capable of developing into 
spores. 
sporogenous (spo-roj'en-us) [Gr. airbpos spore 4- 
7ej'vai' to produce]. Reproduced by spores. 
sporogeny (spo-roj'en-e) [Gr. cr-rtbpos spore 4- 
ytvvav to produce]. The development of spores. SPOROGONY 
1039 
sporogony (spo-rog'o-ne) [Gr. airbpos spore + 
yovda. generation]. Reproduction by spores; 
sporogenesis; especially sporulation after fertiliza- 
tion. Cf. schizogony. 
sporont (spo'ront) [Gr. <r Tropes spore 4- boros 
beingj. A mature protozoan in its sexual cycle. 
sporophore (spo'ro-for) [Gr. airopos spore + <popdv 
to bear]. That part of an organism. that sup- 
ports the spores. 
sporoplasm (spo'ro-plazm) [Gr. airopos seed + 
irXdapa plasm]. The protoplasm of reproductive 
cells. 
sporoplasmic (spo-ro-plaz'mik). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of sporoplasm. 
sporotheka (spo-ro-the'kah) [Gr. airopos seed + 
6t]kt) chest]. The envelop inclosing a number 
of exotospores of the malarial parasite before 
they leave the anopheles. 
Sporothrix (spo'ro-thrix). Same as Sporotrichum. 
sporotrichosis (spo"ro-trik-o'sis). Infection by 
fungi of the genus Sporotrichum, producing an 
eruption of refractory subcutaneous abscesses 
(cutaneous s.). It may also occur as a generalized 
system disease (extracutaneous s.) affecting the 
muscles, bones, joints, and mucous membranes. 
Sporotrichum (spo-rot'rik-um) [Gr. airopos seed 
+ Opif hair], A genus of microorganisms resem- 
bling the yeast fungi. Some of the species are 
pathogenic, causing sporotrichosis. The commonest 
species in America is 5. schenck'i, in France 5. 
beurman'ni, but other pathogenic varieties are 
5. jeanselmei, S. gougeroti, and 5. dori. 
Sporozoa (spo-ro-zo'ah), pl.; sing, sporozoon [Gr. 
airopos seed + animal]. A class of endo- 
parasitic protozoans. It includes the Gregari'na, 
the Coccid'ia, the Sarcosporid'ia, the Microspo- 
rid'ia, and the Myxosporid'ia. 
Sporozoite (spo-ro-zo'It) [Gr. airopos seed + 
animal], A spore formed after fertilization; 
any one of the sickle-shaped nucleated germs 
formed by division of the protoplasm of a spore of a 
sporozoan organism in the sexual form of repro- 
duction. It represents one of the phases in the 
development of the organism. Called also falci- 
form body. Cf. merozo'ite. 
Sporozobid (spo-ro-zo'oid). Any one of a set of 
falciform bodies sometimes seen in cancer: thought 
to be protozoan. 
Sporozoon (spo-ro-zo'on). 1. Any organism or 
species belonging to the class Sporozo'a. 2. The 
female malarial parasite in the stage formed by 
the capsulation of a macrogamete; by division it 
is transformed into a crop of sporozoites. 
sport (sport). A freak of nature, or lusus naturae, 
sporular (spor'u-lar). Pertaining to a spore. 
Sporulation (spor-u-la'shun). A form of reproduc- 
tion consisting of spontaneous division of the cell 
into four or more daughter elements, each with a 
part of the original cell-nucleus. Called also 
spore-formation, arthrogenous s., the change 
of bacteria into resistant forms which, in favorable 
conditions, will reproduce themselves, endog- 
enous S., sporulation of a protozoan within its 
host, exogenous s., sporulation of a protozoan 
to produce the infection of fresh hosts. 
sporule (spor'ul). A small spore. 
spot (spot). A circumscribed area or place; a 
loculus or macula, acoustic s. See macula 
acustica. Bitot's s's, shiny, gray, triangular 
spots on the cornea, consisting of flaky masses 
of dried epithelium, microorganisms, etc. Called 
also xerosis cornea. blind s., the spot on the 
retina where the optic nerve enters. See retina. 
blue s., macula caerulia. Carleton's s's, scle- 
rosed spots in the bones in gonorrheal disease, 
cherry-red s., a red spot seen on the retina of 
each eye in the region of the macula lutea in amau- 
rotic family idiocy. Called also Tay's sign, cold 
s., any one of the spots on the skin where sen- 
sations of cold, but not of heat, are normally 
experienced, corneal s., an opacity of the 
cornea, cribriform s. See macula cribrosa. 
de Morgan's s's, red spots, like nevus, some- 
times seen on the skin of cancer patients, em- 
bryonic s. See area germinativa. epigastric 
S., a point of tenderness exactly over the ensiform 
cartilage. Filatow's s's. Same as Koplik's s. 
flame-s's, large hemorrhagic spots in the eye- 
ground. Flindt's s's, Koplik's spots, germi- 
nal S., the area germinativa or germinal vesicle. 
Graefe's s's, spots over the vertebrae, pressure on 
which produces relaxation of blepharofacial spasm, 
hot s., any one of the temperature spots where 
heat is normally perceived, but not cold, hyp- 
nogenetic s., any superficial area stimu- 
lation of which will bring on sleep. Jacque- 
min's s. See Jacquemin's sign, under sign. Kop- 
lik's s's, small bluish-white spots surrounded by 
a reddish areola on the mucous membrane of the 
cheeks and. lips during the prodromal stage of 
measles. light-s. Same as cone of light. 
Mariotte's s., the blind spot, or optic papilla, 
milk-s., a spot seen on the visceral layer of the 
pericardium in postmortem examinations of 
elderly people. Mongolian s., a dark spot on 
the lumbar region in new-born children of the 
Mongolian race, pain-s's, spots on the skin 
where alone the sense of pain can be produced by 
a stimulus, pelvic s's, round or oval shadows 
often seen on fluoroscopic examination in the region 
of the inferior spine of the ilium and the horizontal 
ramus of the pubic bone, rose s's, a scattered 
eruption of rose-colored spots, appearing on the ab- 
domen and loins during the first seven days of ty- 
phoid fever. Called also typhoid spots and typhoid 
roseola. Roth's s's, white spots on the retina in 
septic retinitis. Soemmering's s. Same as 
macula lutea. spongy s., the vascular zone. See 
under zone. Tardieu's s's, spots of ecchymosis 
under the pleura following death by suffocation. 
Tay's s., a red spot (the choroid) surrounded by a 
white circle seen through the fovea centralis in 
amaurotic idiocy, temperature s's, hot and cold 
spots; spots on the skin normally anesthetic to pain 
and pressure and sensitive respectively to heat and 
cold; they are arranged in lines, often somewhat 
curved: they show the peculiar arrangement of the 
end-apparatus with respect to the temperature- 
sense. tendinous s., macula albida. typhoid 
s's. Seereses's. Wagner's s., the nucleolus of the 
human ovum, white s's, grayish, elevated spots, 
of varying size, sometimes seen on the ventricular 
surface of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. 
Winner's s's, efflorescent spots, soon becoming 
pustules, on the internal layer of the prepuce: seen 
in the early stages of variola, yellow s., macula 
lutea. 
spotting (spot'ing). A slight menstrual show 
upon a woman's napkin. 
sprain (spran). The wrenching of a joint, with 
partial rupture or other injury of its attachments, 
and without luxation of bones. The signs of a 
sprain are rapid swelling, heat, and disablement 
of the joint. The pain is usually great, and is 
much increased by moving. The treatment is 
by hot or cold applications and bandaging: if 
recovery be too slow, immobilization of the joint 
is indicated, s.-fracture. See fracture. riders' 
S., sprain of the adductor longus muscle of the 
thigh, resulting from strain in riding horseback. 
Schlatter's s., Schlatter's disease. See under 
disease. 
spray (spra). A liquid minutely divided, as by a 
jet of air or steam, ether-s., ether applied in 
a nebulized form to produce local anesthesia by 
chilling the part. 
Sprengel's deformity (spreng'elz) [Otto Gerhard 
Carl Sprengel, German surgeon, 1852-1915], See 
deformity. 
sprew, sprue (spru). 1. Thrush. 2. Psilosis; a 
chronic disease marked by sore mouth, with a raw- 
SPREW SPRING-FINGER 
1040 
ST. 
looking tongue, gastro-intestinal catarrh with 
periodic diarrhea, and diminution in the size of the 
liver. It occurs mostly in hot countries, and 
causes emaciation, anemia, and frequently death. 
It may possibly be caused by Monilia psilosis. 
Called also tropical stomatitis, and Cochin-China 
diarrhea. Belyando s. See grass sickness, under 
sickness. 
spring-finger (spring). See finger. 
spring-halt. Myoclonus of the hind leg of a 
horse, causing a gait in which the leg is suddenly 
raised and then stamped on the ground. 
spring-hock. A swelling above and below the 
hock of a horse, due to inflammation of the liga- 
ments. 
sprue (sproo). 1. See sprew. 2. In dentistry, the 
hole through which metal is poured into a mold; 
also the waste piece cast in such a hole. 
Spt. Abbreviation for L. spir'itus, spirit. 
spuman (spu'man). A thymol-resorcin-formalde- 
hyd compound, in crayon form, used in gonorrhea 
or other inflammations of the female genito-urinary 
organs. It sets free a foam of formaldehyd. 
spunk (spunk). Agaric charged with niter. 
spur (spur). A projecting piece of bone. In den- 
tistry, a piece of metal projecting from a plate, 
band, or other dental appliance. Morand's S., 
the hippocampus minor 
spurge (spurj). See Euphorbia. 
spurge-flax (spurj-flaks'). Same as Mezereum. 
spurious (spu're-us) [L. spu'rius]. Simulated; 
not genuine; false. 
spurred rye (spurd ri'). Ergot of rye. 
sputamentum (spu-tah-men'tum) [L.]. Sputum, 
sputum (spu'tum) [L.]. Matter ejected from the 
mouth; saliva mixed with buccal or nasal mucus. 
In lung diseases it contains mucopus and other 
disease products from the lungs; in bronchial, 
laryngeal, pharyngeal, or tonsillar disease it may be 
purulent, watery, fibrinous, putrid, or bloody, 
s. aerogino'sum, green expectoration, al- 
buminoid S., a yellowish, frothy sputum of 
persons from whom large amounts of pleural fluid 
have been withdrawn: believed to be due to pul- 
monary edema. S. coc'tum, the opaque muco- 
pus of the later stages of bronchitis and laryngitis, 
s. cru'dum, the clear, tenacious mucus of the 
early stages of laryngitis and bronchitis. S. 
cruen'tum, bloody sputum. egg-yolk s., 
sputum of a bright-yellow color, as in some 
cases of jaundice. globular s., sputum in 
yellow, spheric lumps: characteristic of the last 
stages of tuberculosis, green s., sputum stained 
with a green pigment, as in certain cases of jaun- 
dice. icteric S., sputum stained with a greenish 
or yellow tint by bile-pigments, as in jaundice, 
moss-agate s., a grayish, opalescent gelatinous 
mottled sputum, usually projected from the 
mouth in coughing in a more or less globular form; 
it is characteristic of diseases of the trachea 
(Chevalier Jackson), nummular s., sputum in 
rounded disks, shaped somewhat dike coins, 
prune-juice s., dark, reddish-brown, bloody 
sputum of certain forms of pneumonia, cancer of 
the lung, gangrene, etc. rusty s., sputum stained 
with blood or blood-pigments; seen in pneumonia, 
etc. s. septicemia. See septicemia. 
spyrokolon (spi-ro-ko'lon). A kind of syphilis oc- 
curring in Greece. 
squama (skwa'mah), pl. squa'ma [L.]. A scale or 
scale-like substance; especially the vertical plate 
of the squamous portion of the temporal bone, 
s. frontalis [BN A], the broad, curved portion 
of the frontal bone. S. occipitalis [B N A], the 
squamous portion of the occipital bone. s. tem- 
poralis [BN A], .the squamous portion of the 
temporal bone. 
squamate (skwa'mat) [L. squama'tus, from squa'- 
, ma scale]. Scaly; having or resembling scales. 
squamocellular (skwa-mo-sel'u-lar) [L. squa'ma 
scale + cel'lula cell]. Having squamous cells. 
squamofrontal (skwa-mo-fron'tal). Pertaining to 
the squama frontalis. 
squamomastoid (skwa-mo-mas'toid). Pertaining 
to the squamous and mastoid portions of the 
temporal bone. 
squamo-occipital (skwa"mo-ok-sip'it-al). Per- 
taining to the squama occipitalis. 
squamoparietal, squamosoparietal (skwa"- 
mo-par-i'e-tal, skwa-mo"so-par-i'e-tal). Pertaining 
to the squamous and parietal bones. 
squamopetrosal (skwa"mo-pet-ro'sal). Pertain- 
ing to the squamous and petrous portions of the 
temporal bone. 
squamosa (skwa-mo'sah) [L. " scaly " (part)]. The 
squamous bone or squamous portion of the tem- 
poral bone; the upper and anterior part of the 
temporal bone, forming an upright plate. 
squamosal (skwa-mo'sal). i. Same as squamous. 
2. The squamosa. 
squamosphenoid (skwa-mo-sfe'noid). Pertaining 
to the squamous and to the sphenoid bone. 
squamotemporal (skwa-mo-tem'po-ral). Pertain- 
ing to the squamous portion of the temporal bone. 
squamous (skwa'mus) [L. squamo'sus scaly]. 
Scaly, or plate-like. s. bone. See squamosa. 
squamozygomatic (skwa"mo-zi-go-mat'ik). Per- 
taining to the squamous and zygomatic portions 
of the temporal bone. 
squarrose, squarrous (skwar'oz, -us) [L. 
squarro'sus], Covered with scurf or dandruff. 
squaw-vine (skwaw'vin). The partridge-berry; 
a small, trailing, evergreen rubiaceous herb of 
North America, Mitchel'la ripens: diuretic and 
astringent. Dose of fluidextract, |-i fl.dr. (2-4 
c.c.). 
Squibb's diarrhea mixture (skwibz) [E. R. 
Squibb, American chemical manufacturer]. A mix- 
ture of 1 ounce each of tincture of opium, tincture 
of capsicum, and spirit of camphor, 3 drams 
of chloroform, and alcohol to make 5 ounces. 
Dose, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). S's podophyl- 
lum pills, pills each of which contains | gr. 
of resin of podophyllum, | gr. of alcoholic ex- 
tract of belladonna, J gr. of capsicum, 1 gr. of 
sugar of milk, | gr. of acacia, and sufficient glycerin 
and syrup. S's rhubarb mixture, compound 
rhubarb mixture. 
squill (skwil) [L. scil'la; Gr. a/<[XXa]. The bulb 
of Urgin'ea scil'la, a liliaceous plant. It con- 
tains scillitin, scillin, scillipicrin, scillotoxin, and 
several other principles, and is expectorant and 
diuretic; in large doses emetic and purgative. 
It is employed in bronchitis, croup, and dropsy. 
Dose, 1-2 gr. (0.066-0.133 gm.); of vinegar (ace'turn 
scil'la), 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.); of fluidextract, 
1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); of compound fluidex- 
tract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of syrup, |-i fl.dr. 
(2-4 c.c.); of compound syrup, 10-30 min. (0.666- 
2 c.c.); of tincture, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.); of 
oxymel, 5-1 fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.). 
squillitic (skwil-it'ik) [L. scillit'icus; Gr. aniK- 
Xitikos]. Pertaining to or containing squill. 
squint (skwint). See strabismus. 
Squire's catheter [Trumann Hoffman Squire, 
American surgeon, 1823-1889]. See catheter. 
squirrel (skwer'el). A common rodent, ground 
s. See Citellus. 
squirting cu'cumber (skwerTing). See Elate- 
rium. 
Sr. The chemical symbol for strontium. 
S roma'num. The sigmoid flexure. 
Ss., SS. An abbreviation for L. se'mis, one-half. 
S. s. s. Abbreviation for L. str a'turn su'per str a'turn, 
layer upon layer. 
St., st. Abbreviation for L. stet, let it stand; or 
stent, let them stand. STAB 
STAINING 
stab (stab). The line formed by stabbing a culture 
with a needle in bacterial study, s.-culture. 
See culture. 
Stabile (stab'll) [L. stab'ilis stable, abiding]. Noting 
an electric current applied by stationary electrodes. 
Stable pneumonia (sta'bl). Epizootic pleuro- 
pneumonia in horses. 
Staccato (stak-ah'to) [Itai. " detached "]. Noting 
a manner of utterance in which the speech is 
delivered in a quick, jerky manner, with an interval 
between each two syllables. 
stachydrin (stak-id'rin). An alkaloid found in 
certain plants (Stachys). It is a dimethyl deriva- 
tive of pyrrol, C4H7N(CO.O)(CH3)2. 
stachyose (stak'e-6s). A tetrasaccharid, C24H42O21, 
from the tubers of Stachys tubifera. Acids hy- 
drolyze it to dextrose, galactose, and levulose. It 
is not digestible. 
Stacke's operation (stah'kez) [Ludwig Stacke, 
German otologist, bom 1859]. See operation. 
Stactometer (stak-tom'et-er) [Gr. araKTos dropping 
+ perpoo measure]. An instrument for measuring 
drops. 
Stadium (sta'de-um), pl. sta'dia [L. for " course 
Gr. araSiov]. A stage or period in a disease. S. 
ac'mes, the height of a disease, s. augmen'ti, 
the period or stage of increase in the intensity 
of a disease, s. calo'ris, the hot stage of a 
fever or disease, s. decremen'ti, the period of 
decrease of severity in a disease; the deferves- 
cence of fever. s. defervescen'tise, stadi- 
um decrementi. s. fluorescen'tise, the stage of 
development of the eruption in an exanthema- 
tous disease. See also under stage, s. frig'- 
oris, the cold stage of an intermittent fever, s. 
invasio'nis, the prodromal stage, s. sudo'ris, 
the sweating stage of a malarial paroxysm. 
Staff (stahf). An instrument introduced into the 
urethra as a guide in cutting, attending s., 
the corps of attending physicians and surgeons of a 
hospital, consulting s., the corps of physicians 
and surgeons attached to a hospital who do not 
visit regularly, but may be consulted by members 
of the attending staff, s. of Wrisberg, an 
appearance seen in the normal larynx during 
laryngoscopic observation. 
Staffordshire knot (staf'ord-sher). See under 
knot. 
stage (staj). 1. A period or distinct phase in the 
course of a disease; a stadium. 2. The plate or 
platform of a microscope, algid s., a condition 
characterized by a flickering pulse, subnormal 
temperature, and varied nervous symptoms, 
amphibolic s., the stage which intervenes be- 
tween the acme and the decline of an attack, 
asphyxial s., the preliminary stage of an attack 
of epidemic cholera: marked by cramps, severe 
pain, and great thirst, cold s., the chill or rigor 
of a malarial attack, defervescent s., the stage 
of falling temperature. eruptive s. Same as 
stadium fluorescentice. expulsive s., the stage 
of labor during which the child is being expelled 
from the uterus, s. of fervescence, pyro- 
genetic stage. first S., the time during which 
the fetal head is being molded and the cervix 
dilated, hot S., the period of pyrexia in a malarial 
paroxysm, incubative s., the early stage of an 
infectious disease, marked by the formation of 
toxins and the appearance of prodromal symp- 
toms. s. of invasion, the time during which 
the system is coming under a morbific influ- 
ence. s. of latency, the incubation period 
of any infectious disorder, placental s., the 
third stage of labor; the period occupied by the 
expulsion of the placenta and the fetal mem- 
branes. preemptive s., the stage after infection 
1041 
and before eruption, prodromal s., incubative 
stage, pyrogenetic s., the stage of invasion 
of a febrile attack, resting s., the stage of a 
cell or its nucleus when no mitotic changes are 
going on. second s. (of labor), the expulsive 
stage, step-ladder s., an early stage of enteric 
fever: so called from the peculiar form of the 
temperature-curve, sweating s., the final stage 
of a malarial paroxysm, marked by sweating, 
third s., the placental stage of labor, vegeta- 
tive s. Same as resting s. 
staggers (stag'erz). One of various functional and 
organic diseases of the brain and spinal cord of 
domestic animals, known also as blind s., especially 
a disease of sheep caused by the presence in the 
brain of coenu'rus cerebra'lis, and marked by un- 
steadiness of gait. Called also gid, sturdy, turn- 
sickness, and coenurosis, blind s. See staggers. 
grass s., loco poisoning, mad s. See staggers. 
sleepy s., stomach s., a disease of horses, of 
unknown causation, but usually associated with 
the eating of moldy hay and grain. Called also 
forage poisoning. 
Stagnation (stag-na'shun) [L. stagna're to grow 
stagnant], I. The retardation of the flow of any 
circulating fluid in the body, as the blood or lymph. 
2. In dentistry, the accumulation of glairy matter 
on a tooth whose antagonist in the other jaw has 
been removed. 
stagnin (stag'nin). An extract derived from the 
spleen of horses by autolysis. It is a powerful 
styptic and hemostatic. 
Stahl's ear (stahlz) [Friedrich Karl Stahl, German 
physician, 1811-1873]. See ear. 
stain (stan). Any dye, reagent, or other material 
used in coloring tissues for microscopic observa- 
tion. Stains used in microscopic work may be 
divided into basic stains, which show special af- 
finity for the nuclei of cells, and are, therefore, 
known as nuclear stains, and acid stains, which 
color more readily the protoplasm-protoplas- 
mic stains. Certain stains, which we may know 
as selective stains (they may be either basic or 
acid), color one tissue element more vividly than 
others, or to the exclusion of others. Since the 
various tissue elements show affinity for different 
stains, preparations may be colored with more 
than one stain. Accordingly, we have simple, 
double, triple, or multiple staining, acid s. See 
stain, basic s., a histologic stain which is non- 
acid, such as the methyl and phenyl derivatives of 
fuchsin, rosanilin, etc. contrast-s., one used to 
color an unstained portion of a tissue another por- 
tion of which has already been stained with another 
color. A table of the more important stains and 
staining methods is appended, green s., a green- 
ish fungoid deposit on the teeth, neutral s., 
a combination of an acid and a basic stain for 
staining neutrophil tissues, nuclear s. See 
stain, plasmatic s., plasmic s., a stain which 
colors the tissue uniformly throughout, proto- 
plasmic s. See stain, selective s. See stain. 
staining (stan'ing). The artificial coloration of tis- 
sues in order to facilitate their study under the 
microscope. (See table, pages 1042-1054.) bipolar 
S., staining at the two poles only, or staining 
differently at the two poles, differential s., 
staining with a contrast-stain; also the treatment 
of diseased tissues with agents which stain the 
bacilli and decolorize the structures in which they 
are embedded, intra vitam s. See vital s. 
metachromatic s., staining in which the same 
pigment imparts different colors to different tissue 
elements, preagonal s., vital staining, vital 
S., staining of fresh tissues, particularly staining of 
fresh blood, before the cells are altered by either 
heat or cold. Called intravilam staining. STAINING METHODS 
1042 
STAINING METHODS 
TABLE OF STAINS AND STAINING METHODS 
Including a brief description of some of the stains, fluids, preparations, and methods most commonly em- 
ployed in histologic and pathologic technic (arranged alphabetically). 
Abbott's method (for spores): Stain the cover- 
glass preparation with Loffler's alkaline methyl- 
ene-blue, heating repeatedly to the boiling-point; 
wash in water, and then in 95 per cent, alcohol con- 
taining 0.2 or 0.3 per cent, of hydrochloric acid; 
wash again in water; stain for eight to ten seconds 
in anilin-fuchsin solution; wash in water and 
mount. This stains the spores blue and the bodies 
of bacteria red. acid fuchsin: A diffuse stain 
used especially for axis-cylinders, and consisting of 
a solution of 2 gm. of acid fuchsin in 40 c.c. of 
90 per cent, alcohol and 160 c.c. of distilled water. 
(For actinomyces). See Mallory's tn., and Wheal 
and Clown's m. alcohol: The most common 
fixing fluid. Tt is at the same time a hardening 
fluid, as the water of the tissues is withdrawn and 
their albumin coagulated. Small or thin pieces are 
put immediately into absolute alcohol, in which 
they remain for twelve to twenty-four hours. The 
period required for fixation may be greatly short- 
ened by changing the absolute alcohol at the end 
of one or two hours. In the case of larger pieces, a 
successive immersion in gradually increasing 
strengths of alcohol (50, 70, and 90 per cent.) is 
the method chosen. Pieces 1 cm. in size remain for 
twenty-four hours in each strength of alcohol, 
larger pieces for a proportionately longer time. 
Alcohol used in this way is a hardening rather than 
a fixing fluid. alcoholic borax-carmin 
solution: 3 gm. of carmin and 4 gm. of borax 
are placed in 93 c.c. of water, after which 100 c.c. 
of 70 per cent, alcohol is added. The mixture is 
stirred, then allowed to settle, and later filtered, 
alum-carmin: A staining preparation of 100 
c.c. of a 3 to 5 per cent, solution of ordinary 
alum, or preferably ammonia alum, mixed with 
0.5 to 1 gm. of carmin. This is boiled for one- 
quarter of an hour, and after cooling filtered, and 
enough distilled water added to replace that lost by 
evaporation. Wash the sections in water, alum- 
hematoxylin solution: A solution of 1 part of 
hematoxylin crystals, 100 parts of a saturated 
aqueous solution of ammonia alum, 300 parts of 
water, and 1 crystal of thymol. (For ameba.) See 
stain for Entameba. anilin-fuchsin: A mix- 
ture of 16 c.c. of saturated alcoholic solution of 
fuchsin and 84 c.c. of anilin water, anilin- 
water : To 100 c.c. of water in a stoppered bottle 
add 5 c.c. of anilin oil. Shake vigorously and filter 
before using, anilin-water gentian-violet: 
To 108 c.c. of anilin water add 12 c.c. of a saturated 
alcoholic solution of gentian violet. Anjesky's 
method (for staining spores): A cover-glass 
is thinly spread with the spore-containing fluid 
and dried. While it is drying some 0.5 per cent, 
hydrochloric acid is warmed in a porcelain dish 
until it steams and bubbles form. When the 
solution is hot, the cover-glass is dropped upon the 
fluid, which is allowed to act upon the unfixed 
smear for three to four minutes. The cover is 
removed, washed with water, dried, and fixed, 
then stained with Ziehl's carbolfuchsin solution, 
which is warmed until fumes arise. The stain is 
allowed to cool, decolorized with 4 to 5 per cent, 
solution of sulphuric acid, and counterstained with 
malachite green or methylene-blue. aqueous 
borax-carmin solution: 8 gm. of borax and 
2 gm. of carmin are ground together and added 
to 150 c.c. of water. After twenty-four hours the 
fluid is poured off and filtered. The sections, pre- 
viously freed from paraffin and treated with alco- 
hol, are placed in this fluid for several hours (as 
long as twelve), and then washed out in a solution 
of 0.5 to 1 per cent, hydrochloric acid in 70 per 
cent, alcohol. They are then transferred to 70 
per cent, alcohol. Babes' anilin-safranin: 
A staining mixture prepared with anilin water (2 
per cent.), 100 parts; safranin O, soluble in water in 
excess; heating in a flask in hot water and filtering. 
Baumgarten's s. (for bacillus of leprosy)'. Stain 
six or seven minutes in dilute alcoholic solution of 
fuchsin; discharge one-quarter of a minute in nitric 
acid alcohol (nitric acid, i; alcohol, io); wash in 
water; contrast-stain is saturated aqueous solution 
of methylene-blue, alcohol, xylol, balsam. Beale's 
s., a stain made of i part of carmin, 3 parts of 
ammonia, 96 of glycerin, 96 of distilled water, 
and 24 of alcohol. Benda's method (for ner- 
vous tissue): A modification of the Weigert-Pal 
method, benzalin. See nigrosin. benzo- 
purpurin: A protoplasmic stain of a dark- 
red color: used especially as a contrast-stain with 
hematoxylin and other blue stains. Best's 
carmin s. See under carmin, in this table. 
Bethe's method (for fixing methylene-blue 
stains of nerve-fibers): Wash off any excess of color 
with normal salt solution; place in molybdate of 
ammonium, 1 gr.; distilled water, 10 c.c.; hydrogen 
dioxid, 1 c.c.; hydrochloric acid, 1 drop. Leave it 
in the cold mixture surrounded by ice and salt for 
two to five hours; wash one-half to two hours in 
running water, dehydrate, and harden in cold 
absolute alcohol: clear with xylol and embed with 
paraffin. Biondi-Heidenhain s.: A stain 
prepared by mixing a saturated watery solution of 
orange G, 100 parts; saturated watery solution of 
acid fuchsin, 20 parts; a saturated aqueous solution 
of methyl-green, 50 parts. Before staining, dilute 
with water, 1 part to 100. Biot's method (for 
tubercle bacilli): A very thin spread of sputum is 
made. It is fixed as usual; stain with warm carbol- 
fuchsin for two or three minutes; without washing, 
decolorize thoroughly first in 25 per cent, nitric 
acid, then in absolute alcohol; wash with water; 
then place in ordinary, concentrated formol for at 
least three minutes; wash, dry, examine. The 
bacilli, colored a dark violet, stand out clearly 
against the unstained background. The detail of 
their structure comes out well, and the granules 
of Much take on the same stain as the bacilli 
themselves and are clearly seen to be of the same 
nature. Birch-Hirschfeld method (for amy- 
loid) : Stain in a 2 per cent, alcoholic solu- 
tion of Bismarck brown five minutes; wash 
in absolute alcohol, and then ten minutes in 
distilled water; stain in 2 per cent, solution of 
gen tian-violet five to ten minutes; wash in a dilute 
acetic-acid solution; mount in levulose. The 
amyloid becomes red, the tissue, brown. Bis- 
marck brown: An anilin stain used in a 1 per 
cent, aqueous solution or in a saturated solution of 
40 per cent, alcohol, blue mass: An injecting 
material for anatomic and histologic preparations, 
made by preparing a solution of gelatin warmed to 
700 C., and coloring it to the desired shade with an 
aqueous solution of Berlin blue. Bbhmer's 
hematoxylin: Hematoxylin crystals, 1 gm.; 
absolute alcohol, 10 c.c.; potassium alum, 10 gm.; 
distilled water, 200 c.c. Dissolve the hematoxylin 
crystals in the alcohol and the alum in the dis- 
tilled water. While constantly stirring, add the 
first solution to the second. The whole is then 
left for about fourteen days in an open jar or dish, 
protected from the dust, during which time the 
color changes from violet to blue. After filtering, 
the stain is ready for use. Sections, either loose 
or fixed to the slide or cover-slip, are placed in 
this solution, and after about half an hour are 
washed with water. If the nuclei are well stained, 
the further treatment with alcohol may be com- 
menced. borax-carmin solution. See alco- 
holic b.-c. sol. and aqueous b.-c. sol. Bowhill's 
method (for spores): Stain the preparation for 
ten to fifteen minutes in a solution of 15 c.c. 
saturated alcoholic solution of orcein, 10 c.c. 
aqueous solution of tannin, 30 c.c. distilled water, warming slightly. Buchner's method (for 
anaerobic cultures): An inoculated slant-tube with 
a loose cotton stopper is placed in a larger sealed 
tube, from which the oxygen is absorbed by a 
mixture of 6 gm. of pyrogallic acid and 1000 c.c. of 
potassium hydroxid. The slant-tube is held above 
the reducing mixture by a bent wire. Buerber's 
method (for capsules): i. Mix the material with 
serum to make the smear. 2. As it begins to dry 
flood it with Zenker's fluid (made without acetic 
acid) and warm. 3. Wash in water, then in alcohol, 
and apply tincture of iodin (U. S. P.). 4. Wash in 
alcohol, dry, and stain with anilin water gentian 
violet for a few seconds. 5. Wash and examine 
in 2 per cent, salt solution. Bunge's mordant 
for Loftier's stain: Concentrated aqueous 
solution of tannin 75 c.c., 5 per cent, solution of 
liquor ferri sesquichlorati 25 c.c., concentrated 
aqueous solution of fucshin 10 c.c. Before use add 
hydrogen peroxid until a reddish-brown color is 
produced. Burri's method: A method of stain- 
ing organisms, especially spirochetes, with India 
ink. Cajal's double method (for ganglion- 
cells): A modification of Golgi's quick method by 
repeating the steps to get more perfect impregna- 
tion. Capaldi's culture-medium: For the 
bacillus of tuberculosis fluid agar in tubes is mixed 
with fresh egg-yolk aseptically obtained, the yolk- 
membrane being seared with a hot knife. The 
medium is solidified on cooling so as to form slants. 
For capsules. See Buerger's m., Curry's m., 
Hiss's m., Huntoon's m., Johne's m., MacConkey's 
m., Muir's m., Ribbert's m., Smith's m., Wadsworth's 
m., and Welch's m. carbol-fuchsin: A mixture 
of saturated alcoholic solution of fuchsin 10 c.c., 
and 5 per cent, solution of carbolic acid 90 c.c. 
See Ziehl- Neelson's carbol-fuchsin. carbol-gen- 
tian-violet: A mixture of saturated alcoholic 
solution of gentian-violet 10 c.c. and 1 per cent, 
solution of carbolic acid 100 c.c. carbol-thi- 
onin-blue: A bacteriologic stain consisting of 
thionin blue 1 gm. and carbolic acid 2.5 gm. in 
distilled water 100 c.c. Before use dilute a portion 
with an equal volume of water and filter, car- 
min: A section stain used in the following solu- 
tions: alcoholic borax-carmin solution: 
3 gm. of carmin and 4 gm. of borax are placed 
in 93 c.c. of water, after which 100 c.c. of 70 
per cent, alcohol is added. The mixture is stirred, 
then allowed to settle, and later filtered. Sec- 
tions are treated as in the following, aqueous 
borax-carmin solution: 8 gm. of borax and 
2 gm. of carmin are ground together and added to 
150 c.c. of water. After twenty-four hours the 
fluid is poured off and filtered. The sections, pre- 
viously freed from paraffin and treated with alcohol, 
are placed in this fluid for several hours (as long as 
twelve), and then washed out in a solution of 0.5 to 
1 per cent, hydrochloric acid in 70 per cent, al- 
cohol. They are then transferred to 70 per cent, 
alcohol. Best's carmin s. (for glycogen): 
Carmin, 2 gm.; potassium carbonate, 1 gm.; 
potassium chlorid, 5 gm.; distilled water, 60 c.c. 
Boil gently for several minutes. After cooling, 
add liquor ammonii, caustic, 20 c.c. carmin 
bleu de Lyon: Sections or pieces of tissue are 
first stained with carmin (alum- or borax-carmin). 
Bleu de Lyon is dissolved in absolute alcohol, and 
diluted with the latter until the solution is of a light 
bluish color. In this the sections or pieces of tissue 
are after-stained for twenty-four hours. Chenzin- 
sky-Plein solution (for staining blood-corpuscles, 
etc.): To 40 c.c. of a saturated aqueous solution of 
methylene-blue there are added 20 c.c. of a 0.5 
per cent, alcoholic eosin solution and 40 c.c. of 
distilled water. This stains red corpuscles red, 
nuclei blue, and eosinophil granules bright red. 
Cohn's S. (for organic urinary sediment): The 
dry slide is hardened in a 10 per cent, solution of 
formalin for ten minutes, then washed with water 
and placed for ten minutes in a concentrated solu- 
tion of Sudan stain in 70 per cent, alcohol. Fat is 
stained red and the nuclei violet, corrosive 
STAINING METHODS 
1043 
STAINING METHODS 
sublimate {fixing medium): An excellent fixing 
fluid is made by saturating distilled water or a 
physiologic saline solution with corrosive sublimate; 
saline solutions keep better. Small pieces, about 
0.5 cm. in diameter, are immersed in this fluid for 
from three to twenty-four hours, then washed in 
Tunning water for twenty-four hours, and then 
transferred to 70 per cent, alcohol. After twenty- 
four hours the tissues are placed in 80 per cent, for 
the same length of time, and then preserved in 
90 per cent, alcohol. Cox's modification of 
Golgi's corrosive-sublimate method (for 
staining ganglion-cells): Small pieces are treated 
from one to three months in a 5 per cent, potassium 
dichromate solution, 20 parts; a 5 per cent, solution 
of mercuric chlorid, 20 parts; distilled water, 30 to 
40 parts; and a 5 per cent, potassium chromate 
solution, 16 parts; then treat as for Golgi prepara- 
tions. Curry's method (for staining the cap- 
sule of the pneumococcus): Cover with glacial 
acetic acid; wash away the acid with potassium 
hydroxid in a 1 per cent, solution; wash again and 
stain with anilin-gentian-violet. Czaplewsky's 
method (for tubercle): 1. Stain as usual with 
carbolic fuchsin. 2. Decolorize with the following 
mixture: fluorescin 1 gm., alcohol 100 c.c., add 5 
gm. of methylene-blue, allow to stand one day, and 
decant. 3. Counterstain with a 5 per cent, solution 
of methylene-blue in alcohol. Czocor's coch- 
ineal solution: A tissue stain prepared as fol- 
lows: 7 gm. of powdered cochineal and 7 gm. of 
roasted alum are kept suspended in 100 c.c. of 
water by stirring while the mixture is boiled down 
to half its volume. After cooling it is filtered and 
a little carbolic acid added. Before the sections are 
placed in alcohol they should be washed with dis- 
tilled water, as otherwise the alum is precipitated 
on the section by the alcohol. Darling's 
method (for Entamoeba histolytica): Stain with 
Wright's stain in the usual way, follow this with 
Giemsa's stain until the film has a purple cast. 
Then plunge the preparation into a small beaker of 
60 per cent, alcohol to which 10 to 20 drops of 
ammonia have been added, when the film will have 
a violet color. Delafield's hematoxylin: A 
strong solution of hematoxylin crystals, 4 c.c.; 95 
per cent, alcohol, 25 c.c.; saturated aqueous solu- 
tion of ammonia alum, 400 c.c.; expose in an un- 
stoppered bottle to sun and air three or four days; 
filter, and add 100 c.c. of glycerin and 100 c c. of 
95 per cent, alcohol. Dervieux's s.: 0.5 gm. of 
erythrosin in 100 c.c. of ammonia-water. For 
diphtheria. See Hunt's m.. Neisser's m., Pon- 
der's m„ and Roux's m. Dunham's mixture: Oil 
of cloves, 1 part; oil of thyme, 4 parts:4 a clearing 
reagent for sections in carmin or hematoxylin, 
eau de javelle: A concentrated solution of 
potassium hypochlorite. It is used as a corrosive 
in studying the choroid, iris, and pigmented 
structures. Ehrlich's method (for tuber- 
culosis): 1. Stain with hot anilin-water gentian- 
violet for three to five minutes. 2. Decolorize 
with 33 per cent, nitric acid one-half to one minute. 
3. Treat with 60 per cent, alcohol as long as color 
comes away. 4. Counterstain with methylene-blue. 
Ehrlich's acid hematoxylin: Hematox- 
ylin crystals, 2 gm., are dissolved in absolute 
alcohol, 60 c.c.; saturate with ammonia alum a 
mixture of glycerin, 60 c.c.; water, 60 c.c., and 
glacial acetic acid. Mix the solutions and expose 
for a long time to light, until it acquires a deep-red 
color. _ Keep it in closely stoppered bottles. 
Ehrlich's neutral s.: A mixture of 1 part of a 
saturated aqueous solution of methylene-blue and 
5 parts of saturated aqueous solution of acid fuchsin. 
Erythrocytes are stained fuchsin color, their nuclei 
black or lilac, eosinophil granules red, neutrophil 
granules violet, and leukocyte nuclei blackish. 
Ehrlich's solution: Abacterial staining solution 
prepared by mixing 4 gm. of pure anilin, n c.c. 
of saturated alcoholic solution of gentian-violet, 
and 100 c.c. of water. Ehrlich's triacid s.: 
A stain containing acid fuchsin, orange G, and methyl-green. It stains erythrocytes orange, 
leukocyte nuclei greenish, eosinophil granules 
copper color, and neutrophil granules violet. 
Ehrlich's triglycerin s.: A solution, in 30 
parts of glycerin, of 2 parts each of eosin, aurantia, 
and nigrosin. It stains erythrocytes orange, leuko- 
cytes greenish, their nuclei dark gray, and eosino- 
phil granules bright red. Ehrlich-Biondi 
triple s.: A stain containing rubin, orange G, 
methyl-green, prepared in concentrated aqueous 
solutions (rubin dissolves in the proportion of 1: 5, 
orange G and methyl-green about 1: 8). These 
concentrated solutions are combined in the follow- 
ing volumes: rubin, 4; orange, 7; methyl-green, 8. 
The stock solution thus obtained is diluted with 
50 to 100 times its volume of distilled water before 
using. The sections should be as thin as possible, 
and fixed to the slide by the water method. They 
remain for twenty-four hours in the stain, and are 
then washed either in pure qo per cent, alcohol 
or in such with the addition of a little acetic acid 
(1 to 2 drops to 50 c.c.), until the rinsing fluid is 
no longer colored, Before staining it is occasionally 
of advantage to treat the sections with acetic acid 
(2: 1000) for one to two hours. Ehrlich-Weigert 
method (for tubercle bacilli): Place a dried cover- 
glass preparation, film down, in the following solu- 
tion: saturated alcoholic solution of methyl- 
violet, 1.1 parts; absolute alcohol, 1 part; anilin 
water, 10 parts. Heat gently until steam rises, 
then allow to stand two to five minutes. De- 
colorize for a few seconds in 1 part nitric acid and 
3 parts water. Wash in 60 per cent, alcohol, then 
in water. Ehrlich-Westphal method (for 
mast-cells): Harden in weak alcohol. Stain for 
twenty-four hours in a solution of 200 parts 
alum-carmin solution, 200 parts saturated solution 
of dahlia in absolute alcohol, 100 parts glycerin, 
20 parts glacial acetic acid. Decolorize in absolute 
alcohol for twenty-four hours, oil, mount in Canada 
balsam. For entamoeba. See Darling's m. and 
Mallory's s. eosin: Diffuse stain used in a 5 per 
cent, aqueous solution, especially as a contrast- 
stain with alum hematoxylin. It gives a rosy color, 
and brings out especially well red blood-corpuscles 
and muscle-fibers. Erlicki's fluid: A fixing 
solution containing potassium dichromate, 2| gm.; 
cupric sulphate, 0.5 gm.; and water, 100 c.c. It 
is quite similar to that of Muller's, except that it 
acts much more quickly. Esmarch's method 
for anaero-cultures: Prepare a roll culture 
of the organism in glucose-gelatin on ice, and when 
the layer of gelatin is still cold and dispersed on the 
walls of the tube fill it with liquefied gelatin, 
solidify in cold water, and seal air-tight. Exner's 
method (demonstrating myelin sheaths): Place fresh 
pieces of brain or cord, not over | cm. thick, in a 1 
per cent, aqueous solution of osmic acid, using at 
least 10 times as much fluid as the volume of the 
specimen; on the second day change the osmic acid 
solution; after five or six days wash thoroughly 
in water; then dehydrate and embed; examine 
the specimens in slightly ammoniacal glycerin: the 
myelin sheaths appear gray to black. Farrant's 
gum-glycerin: A mounting medium: Glycerin, 
50 c.c.; water, 50 c.c.; powdered gum arabic, 50 gm.; 
arsenous acid, 1 gm. Dissolve the arsenous acid 
in water; place the gum arabic in a glass mortar 
and mix it in the water; add the glycerin, and filter 
through the muslin or wet filter-paper. Fiocca's 
method (for spore-staining): Put 20 c.c. of a 10 
per cent, solution of ammonia into a watch-glass; 
add 10 to 20 drops of a saturated aqueous solu- 
tion of gentian-violet, fuchsin, methylene-blue, or 
safranin; warm the solution; a thinly spread and 
well-dried cover-glass is dipped for three to five 
minutes or more, washed in a 20 per cent, dilution 
of nitric or sulphuric acid, washed again, and coun- 
terstained with an aqueous solution of chrysoidin, 
malachite green, methylene-blue, vesuvin, or saf- 
ranin. Forflagellaa. Bunge's m., Loffler's m., 
MacCrorrie's m., Muir's m., Neuman's m., Pit- 
field's m., Smith-Pitfield's m., and Williams' m. 
STAINING METHODS 
1044 
Flemming's solution: A solution for hard- 
ening histologic specimens, consisting of osmic 
acid, 2 per cent.; aqueous solution, 4 parts; chromic 
acid, 1 per cent, aqueous solution, 15 parts; glacial 
acetic acid, 1 part. Flemming's triple s.: The 
tissue is fixed in acetic alcohol, stained in saturated 
aqueous solution of safranin for one hour, washed, 
stained in saturated aqueous methyl violet solution 
one-half hour, washed, and passed through 
orange acetone. Flexner's method (1) (for 
typhoid bacilli): (a) Stain paraffin sections in 
Loffler's methylene-blue solution for two hours; 
in 1: 1000 acetic acid solution for several minutes; 
dehydrate in absolute alcohol; clear in oil of cloves; 
xylol; xylol balsam, (b) Stain sections in Stirling's 
gentian-violet solution for ten minutes; in 1: 1000 
acetic acid solution for several minutes; dehydrate 
in 95 per cent, alcohol; transfer to slide, blot, add 
oil of cloves to diSerentiate; wash in xylol; mount 
in xylol balsam. (2) (For bacillus of leprosy): 
Stain in alum-hematoxylin; wash in water; carbol- 
fuchsin for two to five minutes steaming or thirty 
to sixty minutes cold; wash in water; treat on slide 
with iodin solution; water; blot, clear, and differen- 
tiate in anilin oil; xylol; balsam. Fol's solution: 
This is a modification of Flemming's fixing solution, 
consisting of osmic acid, 1 per cent, aqueous 
solution, 2 parts; chromic acid, 1 per cent, aqueous 
solution, 25 parts; glacial acetic acid, 2 per cent, 
aqueous solution, 5 parts; distilled water, 68 parts. 
Fontana's s. (for Spirochata pallida): 1. Fixing 
fluid: acetic acid, 1 c.c.; solution of formaldehyd, 
U. S. P., 20 c.c.; distilled water, 100 c.c. 2. 
Mordant: tannic acid, 5 gm.; phenol solution (1 
per cent.), 100 c.c. 3. A 0.25 per cent, solution of 
silver nitrate is prepared. Process: 1. Prepare the 
slide by spreading material from syphilitic lesion 
very thinly on a clean slide, allowing it to dry 
spontaneously. 2. Fix by pouring on the fixing 
fluid, pouring it off after a few seconds; perform 
this process several times. 3. Wash well in dis- 
tilled water. 4. Flood with the mordant, apply 
gentle heat till steam arises, and continue this 
process for half a minute. 5. Wash thoroughly in 
distilled water. 6. Flood with the silver solution; 
then warm gently for half a minute, wash, blot, and 
dry. Mount in balsam. The spirochetes are 
stained jet black, and appear larger than when 
stained by ordinary methods, formalin (for- 
mol) : A 40 per cent, solution of formaldehyd 
gas in water has been much used as a fixing fluid. 
It is best employed in the form of a solution 
made by adding 10 parts of formalin to 90 parts 
of water or normal saline solution. Small pieces 
of tissue remain in this solution for twelve to 
twenty-four hours; larger pieces or organs a num- 
ber of days or weeks, and are then transferred to 
90 per cent, alcohol. Frankel's method: A 
method for staining tubercle bacilli. The cover- 
glass is stained with anilin-water fuchsin, placed 
in a mixture of saturated solution of methylene- 
blue in 50 parts of water, 30 of alcohol, and 20 of 
nitric acid. When the preparation seems blue, it 
is washed in pure water or in alcohol and acetic 
acid. Frankel'S mixture: Prepare dilutions in 
sterilized tubes of melted gelatin; pass hydrogen 
through the gelatin in the tubes to displace the air; 
make Esmarch rolls on ice and seal. Freud's 
gold S. (for nerve-fibers): Harden in Muller's 
or Ehrlich's fluid and follow with alcohol; embed in 
celloidin; stain section in equal parts of 1 per cent, 
solution of gold chlorid and 95 per cent, alcohol; 
wash in water; reduce in caustic soda, 1 part; 
distilled water, 6 parts; wash again; place in a 10 
per cent, solution of potassium iodid for ten to 
fifteen minutes; wash in water; treat with alcohol, 
oil, and Canada balsam. Friedlander's gly- 
cerin-hematoxylin: A staining preparation con- 
taining hematoxylin crystals, 2 gm.; potassium 
alum, 2 gm.; absolute alcohol, 100 c.c.; distilled 
water, 100 c.c.; glycerin, 100 c.c. Dissolve the 
hematoxylin crystals in the absolute alcohol and 
the alum in the water; mix the two solutions and 
STAINING METHODS add the glycerin. The mixture is filtered and ex- 
posed for several weeks to the air and light, until 
the odor of alcohol has disappeared, and then again 
filtered. Sections are afterward washed in water, 
and are placed for a short time in acid alcohol if the 
nuclei are to be especially brought out. fuchsin: 
An anilin dye used for staining blood-corpuscles 
and bacteria. It is prepared as a saturated alcoholic 
solution (3 to 5 per cent.) and diluted as needed. 
Futcher and Lazew's s.: A stain for malarial 
sporozoa. Have ready a freshly prepared fixa- 
tion-fluid consisting of a 0.25 per cent, solution 
of formalin in 95 per cent, alcohol. The staining 
fluid is made of 20 c.c. of Cogit's thionin in a 
saturated solution of 50 per cent, alcohol and a 
2 per cent, aqueous solution of carbolic acid; 
stain with the supernatant liquid, which colors 
the parasites a reddish violet. Gabbet's acid 
blue: Methylene-blue, 1 to 2 gm.; 25 per cent, 
sulphuric acid, 100 c.c.; and water. Gabbet's 
method (Jor staining the bacillus of tuberculosis)'. 
Stain with solution of carbolfuchsin with heat; 
wash in water and cover with Gabbet's methylene- 
blue for thirty seconds; then wash and mount. 
By this method the bacillus of tuberculosis is 
colored red, while other ■ bacteria and cell-nuclei 
are stained blue. Gasis' method Jor tuber- 
culosis'): 1. Boil crystalline bichlorid of mercury 
in a mixture of alcohol 5 c.c., water 5 c.c., and eosin 
1 gm. until the stain is about to precipitate. 2. 
Flood the specimen with the above and heat one 
minute. 3. Treat with 1 gm. of sodium hydroxid 
and 0.5 gm. of potassium iodid in 100 c.c. of 50 
per cent, alcohol until the red color changes to a 
deep green. 4. Wash in 90 per cent, alcohol and 
then in distilled water. 5. Counterstain in the 
following mixture: methylene-blue 0.1 gm., hydro- 
chloric acid 1 c.c., alcohol 20 c.c., and distilled 
water 80 c.c. Gasperini's mixture: A nutrient 
medium for differentiating species of actinomyces: 
it consists of wheat flour, 150 gm.; water, 100 c.c.; 
magnesium sulphate, 0.5 gm.; potassium nitrate, 1 
gm.; grape-sugar, 15 gm. gelatin-carmin: 
4 gm. of carmin are stirred into 8 c.c. of water 
and thoroughly ground. Enough ammonia is 
added to produce a dark-cherry color and render 
the whole transparent; 50 gm. of the best gelatin 
are soaked twelve hours in distilled water and then 
pressed out by hand and melted, at a temperature 
of 700 C., in a porcelain evaporating dish. The 
two solutions are mixed and stirred until the mix- 
ture becomes homogeneous. Drop a 25 per cent, 
acetic-acid solution until the color begins to change 
to a brick red and the mass becomes slightly opaque. 
A single drop too much of the acid may spoil the 
whole. During this process the temperature is 
kept at 700 C., and constant stirring is maintained. 
Filter while still warm through flannel. This 
preparation is used for injecting vessels, gentian- 
violet: An anilin dye used as a nuclear stain in a 
solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 gm. in 20 c.c. 
of 90 per cent, alcohol, 80 c.c. of distilled water, 
and 1 c.c. of glacial acetic acid. As a bacterio- 
logic stain it is made up as a saturated alcoholic 
solution (5 per cent.) from which dilutions are 
made as required. Gerlach's method Jor 
gold-staining nerve-fibers): Harden the tissues 
in a 1 to 2 per cent, solution of ammonium di- 
chromate for one to three weeks; put sections in 
a per cent, solution of the double chlorid 
of gold and potassium, very slightly acidulated 
with HC1, until they become slightly violet; 
wash in 2000 to 3000 parts of water and 1 part of 
HO; put them for ten minutes in a per cent, 
solution of HC1 in 60 per cent, alcohol; finish with 
absolute alcohol, oil of cloves, and Canada balsam. 
Giacomi's method: A method for staining the 
bacillus of syphilis. Color with hot anilin-fuchsin; 
wash with a dilute solution of iron chlorid; decolor- 
ize in a concentrated solution of iron chlorid; wash 
in alcohol and finish with xylol and xylol-balsam. 
Giemsa's method (1) Jor malarial parasites): 
The formula is azur II-eosin, 3 gm.; azur II, 
STAINING METHODS 
1045 
o.8 gm.; glycerin (Merck), 250 c.c.; methyl- 
alcohol (Kahlbaum I.), 250 c.c. The preparation 
is dried in air and fixed in methyl alcohol. To 
1 c.c. distilled water, made slightly alkaline with 
potassium carbonate, add 1 drop of the fluid, and 
cover the preparation with this mixture for ten to 
fifteen minutes; wash in a stream of water; remove 
excess of water, dry in the air, and mount in bal- 
sam. (2) (For Spirochceta pallida): Same as (1) 
except that to the water used for diluting the 
staining fluid 1 to 10 drops of a 0.1 per cent, solution 
of potassium carbonate is added. For gland- 
ers . See Kuehne's m., Loffler's m., and Schuetz's m. 
Goldhorn's s.: Heat 2 c.c. of methylene-blue 
solution and 2 gm. of lithium carbonate in 200 c.c. 
of distilled water. Cool, filter, make slightly acid 
with acetic acid, and add 0.5 per cent, solution of 
eosin until the solution is pale blue and slightly 
fluorescent. Wash the precipitate, dry, and dis- 
solve to 1 per cent, in methyl alcohol. Golgi's 
mixed method (for staining ganglion-cells and 
dendritic and axis-cylinder processes): Harden as in 
the slow method, infra; transfer for three to eight 
days to a mixture of a 1 per cent, solution of osmic 
acid (2 parts) and a 2 per cent, solution of potassium 
dichromate (8 parts); finish in a 0.75 per cent, silver 
nitrate solution for twenty-four to forty-eight 
hours. The sections are dehydrated in alcohol, 
cleared in oil of cloves or oil of bergamot, washed 
with xylol, and mounted in xylol dammar. Gol- 
gi's quick method: Fresh pieces are placed in a 
mixture of 1 part of a 1 per cent, osmic-acid solu- 
tion and 4 parts of a 3.5 percent, solution of potas- 
sium dichromate. If the neuroglia is to be stained, 
let the pieces stay two or three days; if the nerve- 
cells, three to five days; nerve-fibers and collaterals, 
five to seven days. After this the sections are 
dehydrated in alcohol, cleared in clove or bergamot 
oil; wash off with xylol, mount in xylol dammar, 
and dry at 400 C. Golgi's slow method (for 
staining ganglion-cells and dendritic and axis- 
cylinder processes): The tissues are hardened for 
two to six weeks in a 2 per cent, potassium dichrom- 
ate solution. Transfer for two to four days or 
more to a 0.75 per cent, solution of silver nitrate 
or a 0.5 per cent, solution of mercuric chlorid. 
For gonococcus. See Pappenheim's m. and 
Saathof's m. Gorden's method: This is a 
modification of van Ermengem's method, in which 
the preparations remain in the second bath for two 
minutes, are then transferred to the third bath for 
two minutes, and are then washed, dried, and 
mounted without being returned to the second 
bath. Gram's method (1) (for film prepara- 
tions): 1. Dry and fix the film in the usual way. 
2. Stain for five minutes with anilin-water gentian- 
violet. 3. Pour off excess stain and apply Gram's 
iodin solution for two or three minutes. 4. De- 
colorize with 95 per cent, alcohol as long as color 
comes away. 5. Wash in water and counterstain 
with bismarck brown, dilute fuchsin, or safranin. 
(2) (For paraffin sections): Stain with anilin-gen- 
tian-violet for five to twenty minutes; wash in 
normal salt solution or water; in iodin solution 
(1 or 2 : 300) one minute; wash in water, then alco- 
hol; finish with xylol and xylol balsam. The bac- 
teria are stained a deep blue. The bacteria stained 
by this method are tubercle bacillus, pneumococcus 
of Frankel, Streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus 
of erysipelas, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, 
albus, citreus, and flavus, Bacillus anthracis, and 
bacillus of hog-cholera. Methyl-violet modification 
of Gram's stain; Solution A. Anilin oil, 9 c.c., 
absolute alcohol, 33 c.c., and methyl violet in 
excess. Solution B is an aqueous solution of methyl 
violet. For use mix 1 part of A and 9 parts of B 
and filter. The mixed stain remains good several 
weeks. Gram's solution: A bacterial fixing 
solution consisting of 1 gm. of iodin crystals, 2 gm. 
of potassium iodid, and 300 c.c. of water. For 
Gram's s. See anilin water, Gram-Weigert m., 
Guenther's modification, Jensen's modification, 
methyl-violet modification, Peltauf's modification, 
STAINING METHODS Sterling's modification, and Unna's modification. 
Gram-Weigert method (1) (for staining tricho- 
phyta in hair): 1. Remove fat from the hair with 
ether. 2. Stain thirty minutes in a mixture of 15 
parts of alcoholic solution of gentian-violet and 
3 parts of anilin water. 3. Treat with iodin solu- 
tion and then with anilin oil. (2) (for staining 
celloidin sections): Stain with lithium carmin; 
dehydrate with alcohol, and fasten to a slide 
with ether vapor; then stain with anilin-gentian- 
violet five to twenty minutes; wash in normal 
salt solution; treat with iodin solution, 1 to 2 
parts to 100; wash in water; dry with blotting- 
paper; dehydrate with anilin oil; treat repeatedly 
with xylol, and finish with xylol balsam. Gun- 
ther's modification of Gram's method: 
After exposure to the iodin-potassium-iodid solu- 
tion the specimen is placed for one-half minute 
in alcohol, then for ten seconds in 3 per cent, hydro- 
chloric acid alcohol, and finally, for complete 
decoloration, in pure alcohol. Before mounting 
the sections are cleared in oil of cloves or in xylol. 
Hansen's method (forspores): Prepare a film, 
fix, and stain with steaming hot carbol-fuchsin for 
five minutes; decolorize with 5 per cent acetic acid 
until the film is a light pink, and wash in water; 
stain three minutes with Loffler's methylene-blue; 
examine. Harlows. Same as skeleton s. Harris' 
hematoxylin: 1 gm. of hematoxylin is dissolved 
in 10 c.c. of alcohol; 20 gm. of alum are dissolved in 
200 c.c. of distilled water, and the hematoxylin 
solution is added. Bring the mixture to a boil and 
add 0.5 gm. of mercuric oxid. Cool the solution at 
once. Harrison's s. (for Pseudomonas radici- 
cola): Take a loop of the mucilaginous or viscid 
growth from an agar culture of Pseudomonas 
radicicola two days to several months old, and 
spread it on a clean slide, lashing it out in slender 
tongues; let the film dry in air without killing or 
fixing, flood the film a moment with a saturated 
alcoholic solution of gentian-violet, wash under the 
tap, dry between folds of filter-paper, and examine 
with the oil-immersion lens. The mucilage in 
which the cells lie will be found deeply and evenly 
stained, and the bacteria scarcely stained at all, 
so that the preparation presents the appearance of 
a photographic negative. Hastings's.: A modi- 
fication of the Romanowsky method. Heiden- 
hain's hematoxylin s. (for nuclei): Stain 
twenty-four to forty-eight hours in a 0.5 per cent, 
aqueous solution of hematoxylin dissolved by 
the aid of heat; place the sections in a 0.66 per cent, 
aqueous solution of potassium chromate for a day 
or two; wash in water thoroughly; treat with alco- 
hol and then oil, and finish in Canada balsam. 
Held's method (for nerve tissue): Sections are 
warmed for one or two minutes in the following 
solution: 1 gm. erythrosin, 2 gm. acetone, 150 c.c. 
distilled water. Wash sections in water, and trans- 
fer to a solution consisting of equal parts of Nissl's 
methylene-blue solution and a 5 per cent, aqueous 
solution of acetone. Warm until the odor of 
acetone ceases. Decolorize in 0.1 per cent, solution 
of alum until they are red. Dehydrate in alcohol, 
clear, and mount. Heller's method (for 
myelin sheaths): Harden with Muller's fluid or by 
the Weigert method; embed in celloidin; place 
sections in a 1 per cent, aqueous solution of osmic 
acid for ten minutes; wash in water; reduce in 
sodium sulphate, 125 parts; sodium carbonate, 
70 parts; water, 500 parts; pyrogallic acid, 15 parts; 
wash in water; differentiate in an aqueous solution 
of potassium permanganate; decolorize with a 1 
per cent, aqueous solution of oxalic acid; wash 
in water; finish with alcohol, oil, and Canada 
balsam, hemalum: 1 gm. of hematein is dis- 
solved by heating in 50 c.c. of absolute alcohol. 
This is poured into a solution of 50 gm. of alum in 
1 liter of distilled water, and the whole well stirred. 
A thymol crystal is added to prevent the growth 
of fungus. After staining, sections or tissues are 
washed in distilled water, hematoxylin. See 
Bohmer's hematoxylin, Delafield's hematoxylin, Ehr- 
STAINING METHODS 
1046 
lich's acid hematoxylin, Friedlander's glycerin-hema- 
toxylin, Heidenhain's hematoxylin, hematoxylin- 
eosin method: Sections already stained in 
hematoxylin are placed for two to five minutes 
in a i to 2 per cent, aqueous solution of eosin or in 
a i per cent, solution of eosin in 60 per cent, alco- 
hol. They are then washed in water, after which 
they remain a short time in absolute alcohol, 
hematoxylin-safranin method: Sections of 
preparations fixed with chromic-formic acid or 
solution of platinum chlorid are stained for a short 
time with Delafield's hematoxylin, then counter- 
stained for twelve to twenty-four hours with saf- 
ranin, and washed with absolute alcohol until no 
more color is given off. Hermann's solution: 
Osmic acid, 2 per cent, aqueous solution, 4 parts; 
1 per cent, aqueous solution of platinic chlorid, 
15 parts; glacial acetic acid, 1 part. Hermann's 
S. (for tuberculosis)'. 1. Dry and fix as usual. 2. 
Apply the following mixture and heat for three 
minutes: 3 per cent, alcoholic solution of crystal 
violet, 1 part and 1 per cent, solution of ammonium 
carbonate, 3 parts. 3. Decolorize with 10 per cent, 
nitric acid or with 5 per cent, sulphuric acid. 4. 
Wash in alcohol, then in water, and counterstain 
with bismarck brown. Herxheimer's method 
(for staining elastic fibers)-. Harden in Muller's 
fluid; alcohol and other fixatives are not so good. 
Stain in hematoxylin, 1 part; absolute alcohol, 
20 parts; water, 20 parts; saturated solution of 
lithium carbonate, 1 part. Decolorize in solution 
of chlorid of iron; wash in water; treat with 
alcohol, oil, and Canada balsam. Elastic fibers 
are stained black, the surrounding tissues pale 
blue. Hiss's method (for capsules of bacteria)-. 
Mix a small portion with a drop of serum on a 
cover-glass; then spread, and allow to dry in 
the air, and fix by drawing through flame. Then 
treat in either of the following ways: 1. Stain in 
one-half saturated aqueous solution of gentian- 
violet for a few seconds; then Wash, mount, and 
examine in 0.25 per cent, of aqueous solution of 
potassium carbonate. 2. Stain in a 5 to 10 per 
cent, solution of gentian-violet, steaming for a few 
seconds, then wash in a 20 per cent, solution of 
copper sulphate, blot with filter-paper, dry thor- 
oughly, and mount in balsam. Hoyer's method 
with thionin: Harden in corrosive sublimate, 
followed by alcohol. Paraffin sections are passed 
through xylol, chloroform, and 95 per cent, alcohol 
to free from paraffin. Put into a 5 per cent, 
aqueous solution of mercuric chlorid for three to 
five minutes; stain in a weak solution of thionin; 
clear in a mixture of oils of cloves and thyme; 
treat with turpentine oil or cedar oil and finish 
with balsam. Hunt's method (for Bacillus 
diphtheria:)-. Stain in saturated aqueous solution 
of methylene-blue one minute without heating; 
wash in water; cover with aqueous solution of 
tannic acid, 10 per cent., for ten seconds; wash in 
water; stain in saturated aqueous solution of methyl 
orange one minute; wash in water: dry and mount 
in balsam. Huntoon's method (1) (for spores) 
Preparation of stain-. (1) Acid fuchsin (Griibler), 4 
gm.; aqueous solution acetic acid (2 per cent.), 50 
c.c. (2) Methylene-blue (Griibler), 2 gm.; aqueous 
solution acetic acid (2 per cent.), 50 c.c. Mix the 
two solutions, let stand for fifteen minutes, and 
filter off the voluminous precipitate through moist- 
ened filter-paper. The filtrate is the staining fluid. 
Make a rather thick smear, dry, and fix in the 
usual way; apply as much of the stain as will 
remain on the cover-glass, and steam over a flame 
for one minute, replacing the stain lost by evapora- 
tion; wash in water; the film is bright red; dip 
the preparation a few times into a weak solution 
of sodium carbonate (7 or 8 drops of saturated 
solution in a glass of water). Too long application 
of the carbonate will cause the spores to be blue. 
The instant the film turns blue, rinse well in water; 
dry, mount, and examine. Spores are deep red, 
bodies of bacteria are blue. (2) (for capsules): In 
making the film use a 3 per cent, solution of nutrose 
STAINING METHODS STAINING METHODS 
1047 
STAINING METHODS 
as a diluent. Dry in the air, fix, and stain with the 
following: concentrated lactic acid, 0.5 c.c.; 1 per 
cent, solution of acetic acid, 1 c.c.; saturated al- 
coholic solution of fuchsin, 1 c.c.; carbol-fuchsin, 
1 c.c., and 2 per cent, solution of carbolic acid, 100 
c.c. India-ink method (for Spirochceta pal- 
lida): A loopful of serum from a syphilitic lesion 
is mixed with a drop of India ink and spread 
out on the slide in the thinnest possible layer; the 
slide is then allowed to dry. The field is stained 
a brownish yellow, the blood-cells and spiro- 
chetes appear white. Japanese method 
(for fixing paraffin sections): A little of Mayer's 
albumin is placed on the slide and so spread about 
that hardly a trace of the substance can be seen. 
The slide is then put in a thermostat heated to 
700 C. The albumin soon coagulates, after which 
the sections are fixed to the slide by the water 
method. To every 30 c.c. of the distilled water a 
drop of gum arabic or glycerin-albumin may be 
added. Jenner's s. (for blood-corpuscles): A 
1.25 per cent, aqueous solution of Griibler's yellow, 
water-soluble eosin is added to a 1 per cent, aqueous 
solution of Griibler's methylene-blue. The pre- 
cipitate is allowed to stand twenty-four hours, then 
washed, dried, and dissolved to 0.5 per cent, in 
methyl alcohol. It colors erythrocytes terra cotta, 
nuclei of leukocytes blue, neutrophil granules 
purplish red, carminophil granules light red, 
basophil granules dark violet, and bacteria and 
malarial parasites blue. Jensen's modifica- 
tion of Gram's s.: 1. Dry and fix in the usual 
way. 2. Stain with a 5 per cent, solution of methyl 
violet 6B one-half minute. 3. Pour off excess of 
stain and apply Lugol's solution two or three times. 
4. Pour off excess of iodin and wash with 98 per 
cent, alcohol and then with absolute alcohol. 5. 
Counterstain with neutral red 1 gm., glacial acetic 
acid 2 c.c., and water 1000 c.c. Johne's 
method (for staining bacterial capsules): The 
preparations are stained in a warmed 2 per cent, 
solution of gentian-violet, rinsed in water, de- 
colorized for from ten to twenty seconds in a 2 
per cent, solution of acetic acid, and are washed 
and mounted in water. Kaiserling's method: 
A procedure for preserving the natural colors in 
museum preparations. Fix one to five days in 
formaldehyd, 200 c.c.; water, 100 c.c.; nitrate of 
potassium, 15 gm.; potassium acetate, 30 gm.; 
drain and lay in 80 per cent, alcohol one to six hours 
and in 95 per cent, alcohol one to two hours; pre- 
serve in potassium acetate, 200 gm.; glycerin, 
400 c.c.; water, 2000 c.c. Kallius' method 
(for fixing Golgi stains): Place sections for several 
minutes in 1 part of a developer composed of hydro- 
chinon, 1 part; sodium sulphite, 8 parts; potassium 
carbonate, 1.5 parts; water, 575 parts; and about 
five-sixths as much alcohol, until the sections be- 
come gray or black. Treat with 70 per cent, alcohol 
for ten to fifteen minutes, and with a 20 per cent, 
aqueous solution of sodium hyposulphite; soak in 
water twenty-four hours; finish with alcohol, 
oil, and Canada balsam. Klotz's s. (for fat 
acid crystals): Fix tissues; precipitate fatty acid 
radical in chromalum, 2.5 gm., and 7 per cent, 
formaldehyd, 100 c.c.; dissolve by boiling, and while 
cooling add glacial acetic acid, 5 c.c., and then 
powdered neutral acetate of copper, 5 gm.; wash 
in water, cut sections, and stain them in a saturated 
solution of hematoxylin in 60 per cent, alcohol for 
six hours; wash in water and treat with a mixture of 
potassium ferricyanid, 2.5 gm.; borax, 2 gm.; 
and distilled water, 100 c.c. Koch-Ehrlich's 
Solution: A staining solution consisting of 100 
parts of a filtered aqueous solution of anilin oil, 
10 parts of absolute alcohol, and 11 parts of a con- 
centrated alcoholic solution of fuchsin, methylene- 
blue, or gentian-violet. Kronecker's fluid: 
An indifferent mounting fluid consisting of distilled 
water, 100 c.c.; sodium chlorid, 5 gm.; sodium 
carbonate, 0.06 gm. Krbnig's varnish: Used 
in sealing mounted objects between the cover-slip 
and the slide. Melt 2 parts of wax and stir in 
7 to 9 parts of colophonium; filter while hot. 
Kuhne's method (i) (for staining glanders 
bacillus'): The sections are placed for half an hour 
in a stain consisting of methylene-blue, 1.5; alcohol, 
10; and 5 per cent, aqueous solution of phenol, 100. 
They are then washed in water, decolorized in 
hydrochloric acid immersed in a solution of lithium 
carbonate, placed in a bath of distilled water, 
dipped in absolute alcohol colored with a little 
methylene-blue, dehydrated in anilin oil containing 
methylene-blue, washed in anilin oil, then in light 
ethereal oil, cleared in xylol, and mounted in balsam. 
(2) (For paraffin sections): Stain the sections slightly 
in alum-hematoxylin; wash in water; treat with a 
2 per cent, aqueous solution of anilin hydrochlo- 
rate for fifteen seconds; wash in water; treat with 
absolute alcohol; finish with xylol and xylol bal- 
sam. Kutscher's modification of Gram's 
method (for sections): Prepare a concentrated 
solution of gentian-violet in a mixture of anilin 
water, 1 part; alcohol, 1 part; 5 per cent, carbolic 
water, 1 part. Of this solution a drop at a time is 
added to a watch-glass full of water until a layer 
forms upon the surface. In this the sections are 
placed, and after ten to fifteen minutes are washed 
in water, then placed in the iodin solution for a min- 
ute, then in alcohol, xylol, and mounted in balsam. 
Langhans' method: A method for obtaining 
permanent mounts with iodin. Harden in alco- 
hol; stain in Lugol's solution; dehydrate with 
1 part of iodin tincture to 3 or 4 parts of abso- 
lute alcohol; clear and mount in oil of Cretan 
origanum. Leishman's s.: Mix a 1 per cent, 
solution of methylene-blue and a 0.1 per cent, solu- 
tion of eosin. Filter, wash, and dry the precipi- 
tate and dissolve in pure methyl alcohol to 0.15 
per cent. Lenhossek's method (for staining gan- 
glion-cells) : Harden sections in 90 per cent, alcohol; 
then in 96 per cent., or in formaldehyd, followed by 
alcohol. Do not keep too long in alcohol. For 
leprosy. See Baumgarten's m., Flexner's m., and 
Much's m. Levaditi's method (for Spirochceta 
pallida in sections): Sections are placed in 10 per 
cent, formol for twenty-four hours; rinsed in water, 
and placed in 95 per cent, alcohol for twenty-four 
hours; placed in distilled water until they sink to the 
bottom; placed in a 1.5 to 3 per cent, solution of 
silver nitrate and kept in incubator at 38° for 
three to five days; washed in distilled water and 
placed in following solution for twenty-four to 
seventy-two hours: pyrogallic acid, 2 to 4 gm.; 
formol, 5 c.c.; distilled water, 100 c.c. lithium - 
carmin: a staining mixture containing carmin, 
3 to 5 gm., in a saturated solution of lithium car- 
bonate, 100 c.c. litmus whey: The casein is pre- 
cipitated from milk by producing a feeble acid 
reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid. The 
filtrate is boiled, filtered, neutralized, and mixed 
with litmus. Lbffler's method (for staining 
glanders bacillus in sections): Stain paraffin sections 
twenty minutes in Lbffler's methylene-blue solu- 
tion, or in equal parts of a 1: 10,000 KOH solution, 
and anilin-gentian-violet; place for five seconds in 
10 c.c. of distilled water containing 2 drops of con- 
centrated sulphuric acid and 1 drop of 5 per cent, 
oxalic acid. Lbffler's method for flagella: 
Mordant the preparation for one minute with a 
fresh filtered solution made of 10 gr. of tannic acid 
in 50 c.c. of water, 2.5 c.c. of a cold saturated solu- 
tion of ferrous sulphate, and 0.5 c.c. of an alcoholic 
or aqueous solution of fuchsin or gentian-violet. 
Heat for one minute on the cover-glass without 
boiling; wash the preparation, and stain with a 
freshly prepared and filtered solution of anilin- 
gentian-violet or with anilin-fuchsin. Lbffler's 
method for sections: Place in a caustic potash 
solution (1: 10,000) for five to ten minutes; stain in 
Lbffler's methylene-blue solution, or in equal 
parts of anilin-gentian-violet, and the same caustic 
potash solution twenty minutes; then five seconds 
in distilled water (10 c.c.) with 2 drops of sulphuric 
acid and 1 drop of 5 per cent, oxalic acid; wash 
quickly in water; follow in succession with abso- STAINING METHODS 
1048 
STAINING METHODS 
lute alcohol, xylol, and xylol balsam. Loffler's 
methylene-blue solution: Saturated solution 
of methylene-blue in alcohol, 30 c.c.; aqueous 
solution of caustic potash (1: 10,000), 100 c.c. 
Loffler's mixture: Glucose bouillon, 1 part; 
beef blood-serum, 3 parts: a culture-medium for use 
in slants. Lowit's formic-acid method: 
Place bits of fresh tissue in a mixture of formic acid 
(1 part) and water (1 to 2 parts) until they become 
transparent; put in an aqueous solution of gold 
chlorid, 1 to 1.5 parts to 100 parts of water; then 
in formic acid, 1 part to 3 of water, for twenty-four 
hours; in concentrated formic acid twenty-four 
hours. Finish and preserve in glycerin or balsam. 
Lustgarten's method: A method for staining 
the bacillus of syphilis. Treat for twenty-four 
hours with anilin-gentian-violet, and keep for two 
hours in a thermostat at 400 C.; decolorize com- 
pletely with potassium permanganate (0.5 per cent, 
aqueous solution) and in an aqueous solution of 
sulphurous acid; wash and finish with alcohol, clove 
oil, and Canada balsam. MacConkey's S. 
(Jor bacterial capsules}: Rub in mortar with 1000 
c.c. of distilled water, 0.5 gm. of dahlia, and 1.5 gm. 
of methyl-green; add 10 c.c. of saturated alco- 
holic solution of fuchsin, and go c.c. of distilled 
water. MacCrorrie's s. (for flagella}: A mix- 
ture of 10 c.c. of saturated alcoholic solution of 
night blue; 10 c.c. of saturated aqueous solution of 
potash alum; and 10 c.c. of a 10 per cent, aqueous 
solution of tannin. For malaria. See Futcher 
and Lazew's m., Giemsa's m., Romanowsky's m., and 
Wright's m. Malassez's method (Jor neu- 
roglia}: Stain in ammoniacal picrocarmin, treat 
with a 40 per cent, potassa solution for ten minutes, 
wash in distilled water, treat with concentrated 
acetic acid, mount. Mall's method (for reticu- 
lum}: Frozen sections of fresh tissue 40 to 80 /x 
thick are digested for twenty-four hours in a solu- 
tion of 5 gm. pancreatin, 10 gm. sodium bicarbonate, 
and 100 c.c. of water; wash in water; place in test- 
tube half full of water, and shake thoroughly; 
spread on slide and allow to dry; allow a few drops 
of a solution of 10 gm. of picric acid, 33 c.c. of 
absolute alcohol, and 300 c.c. of water to dry 
on the surface; stain for half an hour in a solution 
of 10 gm. of acid fuchsin, 33 c.c. of absolute alcohol, 
and 66 c.c. of water; wash in picric acid solution; 
treat with alcohol, xylol, balsam. Mallory's 
differential s. (for Amoeba coli): Harden in alco- 
hol; stain sections in a saturated aqueous solution 
of thionin three to five minutes; differentiate in a 
2 per cent, aqueous solution of oxalic acid for one- 
half to one minute; wash in water, clear in oil of 
Cretan origanum; wash with xylol; finish with 
xylol balsam; remove to a 5 per cent, aqueous 
solution of ammonium bichromate four to six days 
in the incubator at 370 C., or for three or four 
weeks at room-temperature; change solution on 
the second day; place directly in alcohol; embed 
in celloidin; fasten sections to slide by means of 
ether vapor; stain in anilin-gentian-violet fifteen 
to twenty minutes; wash with normal salt solution; 
treat with iodin solution; wash and dry with paper; 
decolorize with xylol and anilin in equal parts; wash 
with xylol;, finish with xylol balsam. Mallory's 
differential s. (for neuroglia fibers}: (1) Fix in a 
4 per cent, aqueous solution of formaldehyd four 
days or more; place in a saturated aqueous solution 
of picric acid four days or more. (2) (By means 
of phosphotungstic-acid hematoxylin.) Fix and 
mordant tissues in exactly the same way as before 
given; stain in phosphotungstic-acid hematoxylin 
four to twenty-four hours; wash in water; treat 
with alcohol, and next with oil of Cretan origanum; 
finish with xylol balsam. Mallory's method 
(1) (for actinomyces}: Stain sections in a saturated 
aqueous solution of eosin for ten minutes or more; 
wash in water; stain two to five minutes in anilin- 
gentian-violet; wash off with normal salt solution; 
follow with iodin solution one minute; then with 
water; clear with anilin oil; treat with changes 
of xylol, and follow with xylol balsam. (2) (For 
actinomyces): Stain in alum cochineal three to five 
minutes; wash with water; dehydrate in 95 per cent, 
alcohol; fasten section to slide with ether vapor; 
apply anilin-gentian-violet five to twenty minutes; 
wash with water; dry with filter-paper; use anilin 
saturated with fuchsin one to three minutes; wash 
the fuchsin out with pure anilin until the clubs are 
sharply differentiated; watch the process under the 
low power of the microscope. Apply several 
changes of xylol; finish with xylol balsam. Stain 
lightly in alum cochineal three to five minutes; 
wash in water; dehydrate with alcohol; fasten on 
slide with ether vapor; treat five to twenty minutes 
with anilin-gentian-violet; wash off with water; 
dry with filter-paper; test one. Mallory's s. 
(for elastic fibers): Harden in alcohol; stain in 
phosphotungstic-acid hematoxylin twenty-four 
hours, wash in water, treat with alcohol, and finish 
with oil and Canada balsam. Mandelbaum's 
method (intra vitam staining of Spirochata pal- 
lida) : To a hanging drop of serum is added a loop- 
ful of Lbffler's methylene-blue solution along with a 
loopful of decinormal salt solution. Marchi's 
fluid: Muller's fluid, 2 parts; osmic acid, 1 per 
cent, aqueous solution, 1 part: a fixing reagent. 
Marchi's method (for degenerated nerve-fibers): 
The specimen is placed in Marchi's fluid, when 
healthy fibers appear yellow, but degenerated ones 
show rows of black spots. Marx ' S S: A stain con- 
taining eosin, potassium hydrate, and quinin. 
May-Grunwald's s.: A 0.1 per cent, solution 
of methylene-blue and of eosin is allowed to stand 
a few days. The precipitate is washed, dried, and 
dissolved in methyl alcohol to saturation. May- 
Griinwald solution: An alcoholic neutral mix- 
ture of methylene-blue and eosin. Mayer's acid 
hemalum: Mayer's hemalum with 2 per 
cent, of glacial acetic acid added. May- 
er's glycerin-albumin mixture: A mix- 
ture for affixing paraffin sections to slides, con- 
sisting of equal parts of white of egg and gly- 
cerin, with a little camphor or carbolic acid. 
Mayer's glycerin-alum-hematein solu- 
tion: Hematein, 0.4 gm., rubbed with glycerin, 
5 c.c.; glycerin, 30 c.c.; water, 70 c.c. Mayer's 
hemalum: Hematein, or its ammonia salt, 1 gm.; 
90 per cent, alcohol, 50 c.c.; alum, 50 gm.; water, 
1000 c.c.; thymol, 1 crystal. Mayer's muche- 
matein: Hematein, 0.2 gm.; aluminum chlorid, 
0.1 gm.; glycerin, 40 c.c.; water, 60 c.c. Mei- 
rowsky's method (for Spirochata pallida): 
A paste is made consisting of methyl-violet and 
salt solution. This is rubbed into the surface of a 
syphilitic chancre. In the serum which exudes 
stained spirochastas will be found, methylene- 
blue: An anilin dye which is much used as a 
staining agent. It is prepared in a saturated 
solution (7 per cent.) in absolute alcohol, which is 
diluted for use. See Gabbet's solution, Kiihne's 
solution, Lbffler's solution, Sahli's solution, Unna's 
solution, methyl-green-pyronin s. Same as 
Unna-Pappenheim's s. methyl-violet stain: 
Anilin dye much used as a bacteriologic stain. It 
is made up as a saturated alcoholic solution from 
which dilutions are made as needed. It is used for 
staining amyloid substance, nuclei, and bacteria, 
which are colored pink. It is employed in a 0.5 
to 2 per cent, aqueous solution. Michaelis 
method: Stain the specimen fifteen minutes with 
the following mixture: Dissolve 2 gm. of methylene- 
blue in 200 c.c. of water and add 10 c.c. of a normal 
solution of sodium hydroxid. For use add 1 part 
of this to 5 parts of a 0.1 per cent, solution. 
Michaelis' s.: A mixture of alcoholic solution of 
methylene-blue and a solution of eosin in acetone: 
stains the blood-corpuscles like Jenner's stain. 
Moeller's method (for spore staining): The 
coyer-glass, dried in air, is placed for two or three 
minutes in absolute alcohol, then rinsed in water, 
and kept in chloroform two minutes. It is rinsed 
in water and treated with 5 per cent, solution of 
chromic acid. It is then rinsed in water and 
stained with carbolfuchsin solution, heated slowly STAINING METHODS 
1049 
STAINING METHODS 
until the fluid boils. It is decolorized in a 5 per 
cent, solution of sulphuric acid, washed in water, 
and stained in aqueous solution of methylene-blue 
oc malachite-green, rinsed again, dried, and mounted 
in Canada balsam. Morris' S. (Jor vegetable para- 
sites) : 1. Ether, or alcohol and ether equal parts. 
2. Stain in solution of 5 per cent, gentian-violet in 
70 per cent, alcohol, five to thirty minutes. 3. 
Iodin solution, one minute. 4. Anilin. 5. Anilin. 
6. Xylol. 7. Xylol balsam. Much's method 
(Jor tubercle bacilli): Methyl-violet B (Griibler), 
saturated alcoholic solution. Carbolic acid, 2 per 
cent, watery solution. Add 10 c.c. of methyl- 
violet solution to 90 c.c. carbolic acid solution. 
Prepare smears rather thin and as even as oossible. 
Dry in air. Fix gently in flame. Cover slide 
with methyl-violet solution and heat to boiling- 
point once or twice. Wash stain off in water. 
Pour on slide Lugol's solution, and keep it covered 
with it for five minutes. Wash off with water. 
Pour on a 5 per cent, solution of pure nitric acid for 
one minute. Pour off and replace for ten seconds 
by a 3 per cent, pure hydrochloric acid solution. 
Put immediately, without washing, in a mixture of 
equal parts of pure acetone and absolute alcohol; 
decolorize by moving the slide until the smear is 
colorless, and wash off with distilled water; dry 
gently with filter-paper, and slowly but thoroughly 
dry over a flame. Counterstain with dilute fuchsin, 
Bismarck brown or safranin. Muir ' s method (1) 
(Jor flagella): A modification of Pitfield's method. 
The mordant consists of a mixture of 10 c.c. of 10 
per cent, aqueous solution of tannic acid; 5 c.c. 
saturated aqueous solution of corrosive sublimate; 
5 c.c. of saturated aqueous solution of alum, and 
5 c.c. of carbolfuchsin. The stain consists of 25 
c.c. of saturated aqueous solution of alum and 
5 c.c. of saturated alcoholic solution of gentian- 
violet. The emulsified growth is spread thin on 
a watch-glass, dried, fixed with heat, treated with 
the mordant, washed, dried, and stained. (2) (For 
capsules): 1. Mordant the dried film for two min- 
utes with the following mixture: Saturated solu- 
tion of bichlorid of mercury 2 parts, 20 per cent, 
solution of tannin 2 parts, and potassium alum 
solution 5 parts. 2. Wash with water, then with 
alcohol, then with water. 3. Stain two or three 
minutes with warm carbolfuchsin. 4. Wash with 
water and again apply the mordant. 5. Wash with 
water and stain for two minutes with a saturated 
aqueous solution of methylene-blue. 6. Decolorize 
in methyl alcohol and clear in xylol. Muller's 
fluid: A hardening solution consisting of potas- 
sium dichromate, 2 to 2.5 gm.; sodium sulphate, 
1 gm.; water, 100 c.c. Neisser's method (Jor 
diphtheria): 1. Dry and fix the smear as usual. 
2. Stain for two to five seconds with the following: 
methylene-blue, 1 gm. absolute alcohol, 20 c.c.; 
glacial acetic acid, 50 c.c.; and water to 1000 c.c. 
3. Wash in water and counterstain with 0.4 per 
cent, solution of bismarck brown five seconds. 
Neuman's 3. (Jor flagella): Tannic acid, 1 gm.; 
potassium alum, 1 gm.; distilled water, 40 c.c. 
To this mixture add 0.5 gm. of night-blue dis- 
solved in 20 c.c. of absolute alcohol. Filter, and 
use the filtrate for the staining fluid. Stain the 
preparation two or more minutes; wash in water; 
stain with saturated aqueous solution of gentian- 
violet for two minutes; wash and mount. Ni- 
colle's carbol-gentian-violet. See carbol- 
gentian-violet. Nicolle's carbol-thionin-blue. 
See carbol-thionin-blue. Nicolle's method: A 
method of staining in sections. Lbffler's blue, one 
to three minutes; wash in water; 10 per cent, 
solution of tannic acid, a few seconds; wash in 
water; absolute alcohol, oil of cloves, xylol, 
Canada balsam, nigrosin: Anilin blue-black, 
an anilin dye used as a stain for the study 
of the central nervous system, having a special 
affinity for ganglion-cells. The tissue is stained in 
a concentrated aqueous solution for from five to 
ten minutes. It is then decolorized and dehy- 
drated in alcohol, and finished in oil and Canada 
balsam. Nissl's method (Jor ganglion-cells): 
Harden tissues in pieces not over i to 1.2 cm. 
across in 96 per cent, alcohol; cut section as fol- 
lows: remove excess of alcohol with filter-paper;, 
dip base of specimen in thick celloidin; mount on 
block; harden in 96 per cent, alcohol; moisten at 
night with 96 per cent, alcohol; make sections less- 
than mm. in thickness; preserve in 96 per cent, 
alcohol. Transfer sections to slides; dry with 
filter-paper; apply oil of cajuput; wash with a few 
drops of benzin; add a little benzin-colophonium; 
heat in a flame until the benzin is expelled; cover 
slip and warm the slide; see that the colophonium 
is spread evenly, and mount. Nocht's method: 
Stain specimen five to ten minutes in the following: 
Mix 1 per cent, solution of methylene-blue and 
0.5 per cent, solution of soda and keep at 500 to 
6o° C. for a few days. Cool and add a mixture of 
2 to 3 drops of a 1 per cent, solution of eosin and 
1 to 2 c.c. of water, drop by drop, until the eosin 
tint disappears. Noniewicz's method: Stain 
in Lbffler's methylene-blue solution two to five 
minutes; wash in water; decolorize one to five 
seconds in 0.5 per cent, acetic acid, 75 parts; 
0.5 per cent, aqueous solution of tropeolin, 25 parts; 
wash in water; dehydrate the section on a slide 
with filter-paper, then in air, and then over a small 
flame; clear by dropping xylol on it repeatedly; 
finish in xylol balsam. Oppenheim and Sachs' 
method (Jor Treponema): Very thin air-dried films 
are stained for from thirty seconds to three minutes- 
with carbol-gentian-violet (saturated alcoholic solu- 
tion of gentian-violet, 10 c.c.; 5 per cent, phenol, 90 
c.c.). Previous fixation is not necessary, orcein: A 
vegetable dye obtained from certain species of lich- 
ens, and used mainly for staining elastic fibers. It is 
soluble in alcohol. Orth's discharging fluid: 
A fluid consisting of hydrochloric acid, 1 c.c.; acid 
alcohol, 1 c.c.; and 70 per cent, alcohol, 99 c.c. 
Orth's fluid: Muller's fluid plus 4 per cent, of 
formaldehyd: a general fixing reagent. Orth's 
lithium-carmin: Carmin, 2.5 to 5 gm.; saturated 
aqueous solution of lithium carbonate, 100 c.c.; 
thymol, a crystal: a carmin stain, osmic acid: 
A reagent that kills quickly, fixes exceedingly well, 
and even colors certain tissues. Only small 
pieces can be fixed in this fluid, as it does not easily 
penetrate the tissues. It is ordinarily used in a 
1 per cent, aqueous solution, the objects remain- 
ing immersed twenty-four hours. They are then 
washed in running water for the same length of 
time, after which they are transferred to 90 per 
cent, alcohol. Very small objects may be treated 
with osmic acid in the form of vapor (vaporization). 
This is done as follows: A very small quantity of 
osmic acid solution is put in a small dish. The 
object is then suspended by a thread in such a way 
that it does not come in contact with the fluid. 
The dish should be covered with a well-fitting lid. 
Pal's modification of Weigert's myelin- 
sheath. S.: Fix as for Weigert's method; keep sec- 
tions for some hours in a 0.5 per cent, aqueous solu- 
tion of chromic acid, or for a longer time in a 
2 to 3 per cent, solution of potassium dichromate; 
transfer to Weigert's hematoxylin solution twenty- 
four to forty-eight hours; wash in water containing 
1 to 3 per cent, of a saturated aqueous solution of 
lithium carbonate until the sections appear of a 
uniform deep blue; differentiate in a 0.25 per cent, 
aqueous solution of potassium permanganate until 
the gray matter looks brownish-yellow: transfer 
to a solution containing 1 part of oxalic acid and 1 
part of potassium sulphite in 200 parts of water, 
until the gray matter is colorless, or nearly so; wash 
thoroughly in water; dehydrate in 95 per cent, 
alcohol; finish in oil and Canada balsam. Pal- 
tauf's modification of Gram's s.: Absolute 
alcohol, 7 c.c., distilled wafer 90 c.c., and anilin 
oil 3 to 5 c.c. Shake thoroughly, filter, and add 
gentian-violet 2 gm. Allow to stand twenty-four 
hours and filter. Use as the regular Gram stain. 
Pappenheim's method (Jor tuberculosis)-. 1. 
Stain the fixed film in carbolfuchsin for three: minutes without heat. 2. Without washing apply 
Pappenheim's solution three or four times. 3. 
Wash in water, dry, and mount. Pappenheim's 
solution (for tubercle bacilli): 1 part rosolic acid is 
dissolved in 100 parts absolute alcohol; methylene- 
blue is added to the point of saturation; to. this 
20 parts of glycerin are added. Pappenheim's 
S. (for differentiating between basophilic granula- 
tions of red cells and nuclear fragments): Stain I. 
Carbolic acid, 0.25 c.c.; distilled water, 100 c.c.; 
methyl-green, 1 gm. Slain II. Carbolic acid, 0.25 
c.c.; distilled water, 100 c.c.; pyronin, 1 c.c.: 15 
c.c. of I. and 35 c.c. of II; are mixed and filtered, 
and the blood-smear is fixed by heat and stained 
for a few seconds in the filtrate. Basophil granules 
are stained bright red; nuclear fragments, deep 
greenish blue. Pappenheim-Saathof methyl- 
green S. (for gonococcus): methyl-green; 0.15 gm.; 
pyronin, 0.5 gm., 95 per cent, alcohol, 5 c.c.; gly- 
cerol, 20 c.c.; and 2 per cent, solution of carbolic 
acid, 100 c.c. paracarmin: A stain consist- 
ing of a mixture of carminic acid, 1 gm.; aluminum 
chlorid, 0.5 gm.; calcium chlorid, 4 gm.; alcohol, 70 
per cent., 100 c.c. Paracarmin is peculiarly adapted 
to the staining of large objects. Specimens are 
washed in 70 per cent, alcohol, with the addition 
of 0.5 per cent, aluminum chlorid, or 2.5 per 
cent, glacial acetic acid in case of overstaining. 
Pfeiffer's method: A method for staining 
bacteria in tissues by staining for half an hour in 
diluted Ziehl's solution, transferring to absolute 
alcohol made fully acid with acetic acid. As 
soon as the section begins to take on a red-violet 
color, it is cleared in xylol and mounted in bal- 
sam. Pianese's solution: A fixing reagent 
made as follows: Mix 15 c.c. of a 1 per cent, 
aqueous solution of platinum and sodium chlorid, 
5 c.c. of a 2 per cent, aqueous solution of chromic 
acid, 5 c.c. of a 2 per cent, aqueous.solution of osmic 
acid, and 1 drop of formic acid. Pianese's stain- 
ing solution and method: (I) Carmin and 
picronigrosin: Stain in neutral and lithium-car- 
min; decolorize in acid alcohol; wash in water; 
absolute alcohol; anilin-gentian-violet, ten min- 
utes; absolute alcohol so long as any color is 
discharged; saturated aqueous solution of picric 
acid and nigrosin, five minutes; decolorize in a 1 
per cent, alcoholic solution of oxalic acid; water, 
several minutes; absolute alcohol; oil of berga- 
mot; balsam. Nuclei, red; cell-protoplasm, light 
olive-green; connective tissue, dark olive-green; 
elastic fibers, bluish; bacteria, blastomycetes, 
violet. (II) Methylene-blue and eosin in borax 
solution: Keep three solutions on hand: (a) satu- 
rated solution of borax; (b) 0.5 per cent, solution of 
bluish eosin " in 70 per cent, alcohol; (c) satu- 
rated aqueous solution of borax. For use, mix 
together 2 parts of the filtered solution a to 1 of 
b and 2 of c. The steps of the staining process 
are as follows: (1) absolute alcohol; (2) staining 
solution ten to twenty minutes; (3) decolorize in a 
1 per cent, solution of acetic acid; (4) wash in water; 
(5) absolute alcohol; (6) xylol; (7) xylol balsam. 
Nuclei, blue; red blood-globules, cell-protoplasm, 
granules of eosinophils, connective tissue, etc., 
are stained rose-red. (Ill, a.) Malachite green, 
acid fuchsin, and nigrosin: Malachite green, 1 gm.; 
acid fuchsin, 4 gm.; nigrosin, 1 gm.; water, 50 c.c.; 
alcohol saturated with copper acetate, 50 c.c. 
1. Absolute alcohol. 2. Stain in 20 drops of the 
above solution diluted with 10 c.c. of distilled 
water for twenty-four hours. 3. Decolorize in a 
0.5 per cent, solution of oxalic acid. 4. Wash in 
water. 5. Absolute alcohol. 6. Xylol balsam. 
Resting nuclei are stained light red; protoplasm, 
reddish yellow; in the karyokinetic figures, nuclein 
green; fibrillas of the achromatic spindle and of the 
mitoma, bright red; centrosome and polar bodies, 
red; the rest of the cell-body, a reddish yellow. 
(HI, b.) Malachite green, acid fuchsin, and Martin's 
yellow: Malachite green, 5 gm.; acid fuchsin, 1 gm. 
Martin's yellow, 0.01 gm.; distilled water, 150 c.c.; 
alcohol, 96 per cent., 50 c.c. 1. Stain in the solu- 
STAINING METHODS 
1050 
tion, without diluting, half an hour. 2. Absolute 
alcohol. 3. Xylol. 4. Xylol balsam. Nuclei of 
resting and dividing cells, green; cell-protoplasm, 
connective tissue, etc., rose-colored; cancer bodies, 
mainly red, but in masses. (IV.) Acid fuchsin and 
picronigrosin: Saturated alcoholic solution of 
acid fuchsin, 6 drops; picronigrosin, 8 drops; dis- 
tilled water, 10 c.c. Treat with 70 per cent, 
alcohol; stain in the solution six hours; decolorize 
in dilute acetic acid; absolute alcohol; xylol, 
xylol balsam. Resting nuclei, red; nuclein of 
karyokinetic figures, yellow; cell-protoplasm, dark 
olive-green; cancer bodies, olive-gray, but some 
may be ruby-red or partly so. (V.) Lichtgriin and, 
hematoxylin: Ehrlich's acid hematoxylin, 15 c.c.; 
saturated solution of lichtgriin in 70 per cent, 
alcohol, 5 c.c.; distilled water, 15 c.c. Treat with 
distilled water; stain in above mixture thirty min- 
utes; wash in several waters; alcohol; oil of berga- 
mot; balsam. Nuclei, green; cancer bodies take 
hematoxylin stain. (VI.) Acid fuchsin and hema- 
toxylin: Ehrlich's acid hematoxylin, 15 c.c., 
in 70 per cent, alcohol, 15 c.c.; distilled water, 
15 c.c.; stain as in V. Nuclei, red; protoplasm, 
brick-red; cancer bodies take hematoxylin stain, 
picric acid (fixing medium): Small and medium- 
sized objects (up to 1 cm.) are fixed for twenty-four 
hours in a saturated aqueous solution of picric acid 
(about 0.75 per cent.), although an immersion 
lasting for weeks is not detrimental, especially if 
the objects be of considerable size. The tissues 
are transferred to 70 per cent, or 80 per cent, 
alcohol, in which they remain until the alcohol 
is not colored by the picric acid. They are then 
preserved in 90 per cent, alcohol, picrocar- 
min. See Ranvier's picrocarmin. picrofuchsin. 
See van Gieson's solution. Piffard's method 
(for living bacteria): Distilled water, 100; pure 
potassium cyanid, 1; dry potassium carbonate, 
0.5; rectified methylene-blue, 0.5. A small drop 
of stain is placed on the center of slide, a loopful 
of the culture is gently mixed with the stain. A 
clean cover-glass is pressed down on it and the ex- 
cess mixture absorbed with filter-paper. Pitfleld's 
method (for staining flagella): Treat the prepara- 
tion with a mixture of equal parts of two solutions, 
as follows: (a) Saturated aqueous solution of alum, 
5 c.c.; saturated aqueous solution of gentian- 
violet in distilled water, 5 c.c. (b) Tannic acid, 
1 gm.; distilled water, 10 c.c. Filter each and mix; 
the mixture is placed on the cover-glass to be gently 
heated, but not boiled, during about one minute, 
then washed in water and mounted. Plehn's 
solution: An alkaline solution of methylene-blue 
and eosin. This solution stains malarial plasmodia 
and nuclei of leukocytes blue and erythrocytes red. 
polychrome methylene-blue: A solution of 
1 part each of potassium carbonate and methylene- 
blue in 100 parts of distilled water, used for staining 
plasma cells and mast-cells. Ponder's method 
(for diphtheria bacilli): The film is made and fixed 
and is treated with the following stain: toluidin 
blue, 0.02; glacial acetic acid, 1; absolute alcohol, 2; 
distilled water to make 100. Typical diphtheria 
bacilli stain blue with red granules. Rabi's chro- 
moformic acid solution: A solution prepared 
from 0.35 per cent, aqueous solution, 200 drops; for- 
mic acid, 4 to 5 drops, to be added just before the 
solution is used. Direction for use: 1. Harden in 
the fixing solution twelve to twenty-four hours. 2. 
Wash in running water twelve to twenty-four hours. 
Dehydrate in 80 per cent, alcohol. Ranvier's 
formic-acid method: Boil together 8 c.c. of a 
chlorid of gold and 2 c.c. of formic acid; when the 
solution is cold, place very small bits of tissue in it 
for one hour in the dark; wash quickly in water; 
expose to diffuse light in a mixture of formic acid 
(10 c.c.) and water (90 c.c.). Reduction takes 
place slowly-twenty-four to forty-eight hours. 
Harden in 70 per cent., then 90 per cent., alcohol 
in the dark. Ranvier's one-third alcohol: 
1 part of 96 per cent, alcohol and 2 parts of water; 
a macerating fluid for tough or hardened tissues. 
STAINING METHODS STAINING METHODS 
1051 
STAINING METHODS 
Ranvier's picrocarmin: Two solutions are 
prepared-a saturated aqueous solution of picric 
acid and a solution of carmin in ammonia. The 
second is added to the first to a point of saturation. 
The whole is evaporated to one-fifth of its volume 
and filtered after cooling. The solution thus ob- 
tained is again evaporated until the picrocarmin 
remains in the form of a powder. A 1 per cent, 
solution of the latter in distilled water is the fluid 
used for staining. To stain with this solution 1 or 2 
drops are placed on the slide over the object, and 
the whole put in a moist chamber for twenty-four 
hours. A cover-slip is then placed over the prepa- 
ration, the picrocarmin drained off with a piece of 
blotting-paper, and a drop of formic glycerin 
(1:100) brought under the cover-slip by irrigation. 
Proper differentiation takes place only after a few 
days, and the acid glycerin may then be replaced 
by the pure glycerin. Ravant and Ponselle's 
method (for spirochetes): Staining in a 2 per cent, 
solution of silver albuminate (largin), followed by 
5 per cent, pyrogallic acid. Ribbert's method 
(1) (for connective-tissue fibrillce): Fix, preferably in 
alcohol; place sections in a 10 per cent, solution 
of phosphomolybdic acid for five to thirty seconds; 
use glass or platinum needles; wash quickly in 
water; stain five minutes or less in phosphomolyb- 
dic-acid hematoxylin. For this purpose the solu- 
tion can be used after it is twenty-four hours old. 
Treat with water, then with alcohol, oil, Canada 
balsam. Fibrillae, deep blue; other tissue elements, 
grayish green; contrast stains incompatible. (2) 
{For capsules): Stain the dried and fixed films for 
two seconds with the following; glacial acetic acid 
12.5 c.c., absolute alcohol 50 c.c., and water 100 
c.c. Saturate the mixture with dahlia at 370 C. 
Ripart and Petit's solution: An indifferent 
mounting medium consisting of copper chlorid, 
0.3 gm.; copper acetate, 0.3 gm.; aqua camphor®, 
■75 c.c.; distilled water, 75 c.c.; and glacial acetic 
acid, 1 c.c. After mixing, this solution is yellow, 
but clears up after a few hours, and should then be 
filtered. Romanowsky ' s method (contrast-stain 
for malarial parasite): A saturated aqueous solution 
of methylene-blue and a 1 per cent, aqueous solu- 
tion of eosin are kept separately. The specimen is 
heated not less than thirty minutes at a temperature 
of from 1050 to no0 C. The staining mixture 
is made just before it is to be used. To 1 part 
of filtered methylene-blue solution are added about 
2 parts of eosin solution. This mixture is carefully 
stirred with a glass rod and poured into a watch- 
glass. The cover-glass preparations are allowed 
to float upon the top of the fluid with the blood- 
surface down. The specimens are covered by 
another inverted glass, and the whole by an in- 
verted cylinder, which is moistened upon the 
inside. By this method the red corpuscles are 
stained red, the malarial parasites blue, and the 
nuclear chromatin a violet color. Roux s., a 
■double stain for the bacillus of diphtheria, contain- 
ing 0.5 gm. of gentian-violet or dahlia, 1.5 gm. of 
methyl green, and 200 c.c. of distilled water. Saat- 
hoff's s. A modification of Unna-Pappenheim 
method: methyl-green, 0.15 gm.; pyronin, 0.5 gm.; 
96 per cent, alcohol, 5 c.c.; glycerin, 20 c.c.; 2 per 
■cent, carbol water, to make 100 c.c. Stain two to 
four minutes, wash in water, dehydrate in absolute 
alcohol, clear in xylol, and mount in balsam, 
safranin: An anilin dye used in a concentrated 
alcoholic solution diluted with one-half water. See 
also Babes' anilin-safranin. Sahli's borax- 
methylene-blue solution: A mixture of satu- 
rated aqueous solution of methylene-blue, 24; 
5 per cent, borax solution, 16; water, 40 parts. 
Schaffer's method for staining bone: De- 
calcify with nitric acid; stain sections with aqueous 
■solution of safranin (1: 2000); wash in water; place 
in a 0.1 per cent, solution of corrosive sublimate 
two to three hours; treat with alcohol; dehydrate; 
clear in clove or bergamot oil; mount in xylol bal- 
sam. This leaves bone uncolored, but stains carti- 
lage orange, and connective tissue and marrow red. 
Schereshewsky's s. (for spirochcetes): i. Fix 
the fresh preparation with the fumes of i per cent, 
osmic acid. 2. Stain for two minutes with a hot 
mixture of 10 c.c. of a 0.5 per cent, solution of 
glycerol and 10 drops of Giemsa's solution. 
Schridde's method (for the granulations of 
myelocytes and leukocytes in sections): Fix tissues, 
cut sections 5 thick, and fix them to the slide 
with Mayer's albumin mixture. Stain for twenty 
minutes in Giemsa's stain, diluted. The prepara- 
tion is washed and placed in pure acetone. The 
section is cleared and mounted. Neutrophil 
granules are stained a violet red, eosin granules, 
red, mast-cell granules, dark blue, and granula- 
tions of the cytoplasm of the megakaryocytes, 
violet red. All nucle are blue, red corpuscles grass- 
green, and connective tissue, pale red. Schiil- 
libaum's solution: Celloidin, 1 part in 3 or 
4 parts of oil of cloves, is often used; cover the 
slide with a thin layer of the solution; arrange 
the sections in order on the slide, and place it in 
the thermostat, at 540 to 6o° C., for several hours, 
or heat for a few seconds to one-half minute over 
the flame until the oil of cloves runs together in 
drops. After cooling, remove the paraffin with 
xylol, pass through origanum oil to 75 per cent, 
alcohol, and proceed as with other paraffin sections. 
Schutz's method (for staining glanders bacillus): 
Stain twenty-four hours in equal parts of con- 
centrated alcoholic solution of methylene-blue 
and caustic potash (1: 10,000); wash in acidified 
water; 50 per cent, alcohol, five minutes; xylol; 
Canada balsam, skeleton s. (for blood-smears): 
Two solutions are used: (1) 1 gm. of water- 
soluble eosin is dissolved in 100 c.c. of absolute 
methyl alcohol; (2) 1 gm. of Ehrlich's medicinal 
methylene-blue is dissolved in 100 c.c. of absolute 
methyl alcohol. Blood smears are made by the 
cover-slip method and stained first in solution 1 
and then in solution 2. It is rinsed, dried, and 
mounted. The staining should be done away from 
the air. Called also Harlow s. Smith's (W. 
H.) method (for pneumococcus in sputum): Stain 
in anilin-gentian-violet solution, gently warming 
until the staining fluid steams; wash in water; 
cover with Gram's solution of iodin for thirty 
seconds; wash with 95 per cent, alcohol; wash in 
ether for a few seconds; wash in absolute alcohol 
for a few seconds; stain one or two minutes in a 
saturated aqueous solution of eosin; wash in ab- 
solute alcohol; clear with xylol; mount in bal- 
sam. Smith-Pitfleld method (for flagella): 
The preparation is treated with a mordant consist- 
ing of a saturated solution of ammonia alum in a 
hot saturated solution of corrosive sublimate to 
which has been added an equal part of a 10 per 
cent, tannic acid solution and one-half part of a 5 
per cent, carbol fuchsin solution; after this treat- 
ment the preparation is stained with a mixture of 
1 part of a saturated alcoholic solution of gentian 
violet and 10 parts of a saturated solution of am- 
monium alum. Spengler's method (for tubercle 
bacilli): 1. Stain with carbol fuchsin, warm, but 
without too much heat. 2. Pour off the stain with- 
out washing. 3. Pour on picric acid alcohol 
(consisting of equal parts of saturated solution of 
picric acid and absolute alcohol). After three 
seconds: 4. Wash with 60 per cent, alcohol. 5. 
Treat with 15 per cent, nitric acid till yellow (thirty 
seconds). 6. Wash again with 60 per cent, alcohol. 
7. Counterstain with picric acid alcohol till lemon 
colored. 8. Wash with distilled water and dry 
gently at a low heat. The bacilli appear bright 
red on a lemon-colored ground. For spiroche- 
tes. See Burri's m., Giemsa's m., India-ink m., 
Levaditi's m., Mandelbaum's m., Meirowsky's m., Op- 
penheim and Sack's m., Revant and Poncelli's m., 
Schereschewsky's m., Stern's m., and Yamamoto's m. 
For spores. See Abbott's m., Anjeszky's m., Bow- 
hill's m., Fiocca's m., Hansen's m., Huntoon's m., 
and Moeller's m. Steida's method (for perma- 
nent mounts with nuclear stains): 1. Stain several 
hours in lithium-carmin; wash quickly in water; place from four to six hours in a 2 per cent, aqueous 
solution of ferrocyanid of potassium. Transfer to 
acid alcohol for six to twelve hours; wash quick- 
ly in water; place from four to six hours in 
lithium-carmin. Transfer to acid alcohol for six 
to twelve hours; wash quickly in water; alcohol, oil, 
Canada balsam. The reaction for the ferrous 
salts, with the exception that ferricyanid of potas- 
sium is used instead of the ferro-compound. 2. 
Reactions for ferric and ferrous salts-, (a) Use a mix- 
ture of ferro- and ferricyanid of potassium (1 gm. 
each to 100 c.c. of water), followed by acid alcohol; 
nuclear stains and permanent mounts may be 
made as above. (&) Place sections in a freshly 
prepared solution of sulphate of ammonium for 
five to twenty minutes until they are dark or 
nearly black-green in color; wash quickly in water; 
examine in glycerin or pass through alcohol and 
oil to Canada balsam. Sterling's modifica- 
tion of Gram's S.: Anilin oil, 2 c.c.; 95 per cent, 
alcohol, 10 c.c.; water, 88 c.c., and gentian-violet, 
5 gm. Stern's method (for Spirochceta pallida): 
The dried film is placed in the incubator for some 
hours, then in a 10 per cent, solution of silver 
nitrate in a colorless glass container, and is allowed 
to remain in diffuse daylight for some hours. The 
spirocheta is stained black. Stirling's solu- 
tion: A solution of gentian-violet, 5 c.c.; alcohol, 
10 c.c.; anilin, 2 gm.; water, 88 c.c. Strobe's 
anilin-blue S. (for nerve-fibers in hardened sec- 
tions): Harden in Muller's fluid; stain one-half to 
one hour in a saturated aqueous solution of anilin- 
blue; wash in water; transfer to alcohol containing 
20 to 30 minims of a 1 per cent, alcoholic solution 
of caustic potash until the sections become trans- 
lucent and turn a bright brownish-red; place in 
distilled water until the section becomes bright blue 
again; stain again in a half-saturated aqueous 
solution of safranin one-quarter to one-half hour; 
wash and dehydrate in absolute alcohol; finish 
with xylol and Canada balsam. Strohschein's 
method (for tubercle bacilli): 5 to 10 c.c. of sputum 
are mixed with three times the quantity of Wen- 
driner's borax-boric-acid solution, and after vigorous 
shaking the mixture is set aside for four or five days 
to settle. The mixture becomes fluid, and the bacilli 
settle to the bottom. Sudan. Ill: A red stain, 
soluble in alcohol, chloroform, essential oils, and 
xylol: used as a stain for tubercle bacilli. Taen- 
zer's S.: A solution of orcein for staining elastic 
tissue. Toisson's mixture: A solution for 
diluting the blood in counting the red corpuscles. 
It consists of 8 gm. of sodium sulphate, 1 gm. 
of sodium chlorid, 30 c.c. of glycerin, 0.025 gm. of 
methyl-violet, and 160 c.c. of distilled water, 
toluidin-blue solution: Toluidin blue, 0.25 
gm.; acetic acid, 2 c.c.; absolute alcohol, 5 c.c., 
and water, 100 c.c. Touton's method: A 
method for staining gonococcus; stain sections in 
carbolfuchsin and wash in alcohol, triacid S. 
See Ehrlich's triacid s. For trichophyta. See 
Gram-Weigert m. triglycerin s. See Ehrlich's 
triglycerin s. For tuberculosis. See Biot's m., 
Czaplewsky's m., Ehrlich's m., Ehrlich-Weigert m., 
Frankel's m., Gabbett's m., Gasis'm., Herman's m., 
Much's m., Pappenheim's m., Spendler's m., Stoh- 
schein's m., W eigert-Ehrlich m., Weiss's m.. and 
Ziehl-Neelsen's m. Tiirck's s.: A weak solution 
of iodin-potassium iodid. For typhoid. See 
Flexner's m.. Anna's alkaline methylene- 
blue solution: The strongly alkaline solution of 
methylene-blue is valuable for staining plasma- 
cells; has been found extremely valuable as a gen- 
eral stain in connection with eosin, which is to 
be used first. The solution is diluted 1 : 10 or 
more before use. Methylene-blue, 1 part; po- 
tassium carbonate, 1 part; water, 100 parts. 
Anna's orcein method (for elastic fibers): 
Stain sections in this solution: Gruber's orcein, 
1 part; hydrochloric acid, 1 part; absolute al- 
cohol, 100 parts; place sections in a dish, and pour 
over them enough of the solution to cover them; 
warm gently in an incubator, or over a small 
STAINING METHODS 
1052 
flame, for ten or fifteen minutes, until the solution 
thickens, or leave in the solution at room-tem- 
perature overnight; wash in dilute 70 per cent, 
alcohol; wash in water to get rid of all the acid 
and to fix the color; follow in succession with alco- 
hol, oil, and balsam. Anna's method (for the 
connective-tissue fibrilla): Harden in alcohol, wash 
in water, decolorize, differentiate, and stain in a 
1 per cent, solution of orcein in absolute alcohol 
fifteen minutes; wash in absolute alcohol; follow 
with bergamot oil; finish with balsam. Nuclei, dark 
blue; protoplasm, pale blue; elastic and connective- 
tissue fibers, deep orcein red; smooth muscle-fibers, 
bluish; mast-cell granules, red; protoplasm of 
plasma-cells, deep blue. Anna's method (for 
keratohyalin): 1. Overstain sections in a fairly 
old alum-hematoxylin solution. 2. Place in a 
very weak solution of potassium permanganate 
(1: 2000) for ten seconds. 3. Dehydrate and de- 
colorize in alcohol. 4. Finish in oil and balsam. 
Keratohyalin granules are stained blue-black in 
color. Anna's method (for hyalin and colloid 
material): Harden in alcohol; acid fuchsin; 2 per 
cent, aqueous solution, five minutes; saturated 
aqueous solution of picric acid, two minutes; 
saturated alcoholic solution of picric acid, two min- 
utes; wash in alcohol; treat with oil and balsam. 
Hyalin and connective tissue are stained red; 
colloid and protoplasm, yellow. Anna's isolated 
stains (for mast-cells): Harden in alcohol; stain 
in polychrome methylene-blue solution plus 
a little alum for three hours to overnight; wash 
in water; absolute alcohol; oil of bergamot; balsam. 
Unna's modification of Gram's s.: Instead 
of Gram's iodin solution Unna uses nascent iodin 
produced by adding hydrogen peroxid to a 5 per 
cent, solution of potassium iodid. Anna's 
polychrome methylene-blue solution: The 
same as Unna's alkaline methylene-blue solu- 
tion, except that it has been kept several months 
until oxidation has caused the formation of 
methyl-violet and methylene-red. Harden in alco- 
hol; stain in polychrome methylene-blue solution, 
one-quarter hour; wash in water; decolorize in gly- 
cerin-ether mixture for five or ten minutes; wash a 
long time in water; follow with absolute alco- 
hol, oil, and balsam. Unna's differential s. 
(for plasma-cells and mast-cells): Harden in al- 
cohol; stain in paraffin sections in polychrome 
methylene-blue one-quarter hour to overnight; 
decolorize in a small dish of water to which are 
added a few drops of glycerin-ether mixture; 
wash thoroughly in water; follow with absolute 
alcohol, bergamot oil, balsam. 1. Stain in poly- 
chrome methylene-blue solution five to fifteen 
minutes. 2. Wash in water. 3. Decolorize and 
dehydrate in a 0.25 per cent, alcoholic solution 
of neutral orcein fifteen minutes; follow with ab- 
solute alcohol, bergamot oil, and balsam. Unna- 
Pappenheim method (for plasma cells): Methyl- 
green, 0.15; pyronin, 0.25; alcohol, 2.5; glycerin, 
20; 0.5 per cent, carbol water, to make 100. Fix 
in alcohol; stain five to ten minutes in incubator; 
wash in cold water; differentiate and dehydrate 
in absolute alcohol; clear in oil of bergamot, 
and mount in balsam. Unna-Tanzer s.: Orcein 
stain for fibro-elastic tissue, van Ermengem's 
method: A method for staining flagella. Make 
a very dilute suspension in 0.6 per cent.-sodium 
chlorid solution of an eighteen-hour agar culture 
of the organism, and place a drop of the suspension 
in the center of a thoroughly clear cover-glass; 
allow the drop to dry in the air, and then fix the 
preparation by passing the cover-glass rapidly 
three times through the flame. To the fixed 
preparation apply the following mordant for one- 
half hour at room-temperature, or five minutes at 
50° to 6o° C.: Osmic acid (2 per cent, solution), 
30 c.c.; tannin (20 per cent, solution), 60 c.c., 
and 4 or 5 drops of glacial acetic acid. Next 
wash in water and in alcohol (95 per cent.) and 
then immerse for a few seconds in an 0.25 to 0.5 
per cent, solution of silver nitrate. From this. 
STAINING METHODS without washing, transfer to a small dish con- 
taining the reinforced bath, which is made as 
follows: Gallic acid, 5 gm.; tannin, 3 gm.; fused 
potassium acetate, 10 gm.; distilled water, 350 
c.c. In this the preparation is washed for a few 
seconds, and is then again immersed in the silver 
(nitrate solution (0.25 to 0.5 per cent;). The 
preparation is moved about in this solution until 
the solution begins to acquire a brown or black 
color, when it is (removed, washed thoroughly 
in water, dried, and mounted in balsam, van 
Gieson's contrast-s.: (Stain deeply in alum- 
hematoxylin; washin water; stain in van (Gieson's 
solution three to five minutes; wash in water, and 
dehydrate directly in 95 per cent, alcohol; (follow 
with oil of (Cretan origanum, and finish with (Can- 
ada balsam, van Gieson's method (for stain- 
ing connective-tissue fibrilla): Marden in chrome 
salts or in corrosive sublimate; stain deeply in 
alum-hematoxylin; wash in water; stain for three 
to five minutes in van (Gieson's solution of (picric 
acid; dehydrate in 95 per cent, alcohol; (follow with 
oil of Cretan origanum;(finish with(Canada(balsam. 
van Gieson's solution <of picric acid and 
acid fuchsin: A stain for connectivetissue, con- 
sisting of 1 per cent, aqueous solution of acid fuch- 
sin, 5 c.c.; saturated aqueous solution of picric 
acid, 100 c.c. van Gieson's S. (for nervous tis- 
sues): Mix a 1 per cent, aqueous sdlution of acid 
fuchsin, 15 c.c.; saturated aqueous solution of picric 
acid, 50 c.c.; water, 50 c.c. Stain sections first rather 
deeply in alum-hematoxylin; wash Iin water; stain 
in above solutions three to five minutes; dehy- 
drate in alcohol; finish in oil and (Canada balsam. 
Verhoeff's S. (for elastic tissue): IHematoxylin 
crystals, 1 gm., are dissolved in 20 cic. of absolute 
alcohol and filtered. To this is added ro per cent, 
aqueous solution of ferric chlorid, 8 c.c., and ILugol's 
solution, 8 c.c. von Kossa'ss. (for lime salts): 
Fix in alcohol, formaldehyd, or corrosive sublimate; 
place sections in a 1 to 5 per cent, aqueous sdlution 
of silver nitrate for thirty to sixty minutes; washiin 
distilled water; mount in glycerin or balsam. The 
lime is stained deep black. Wadsworth 'smethod 
(for capsules): 1. The smear is made as usual and 
is treated with a 40 per cent, solution of formalin 
for from two to five minutes. 2. (Wash iin water 
only five seconds. 3. Stain by (Gram's method or 
with any simple stain. Weigert's alcohol- 
hematoxylin: IHematoxylin crystals, no gm.; 
absolute or 95 per cent, alcdhdl, 90 ex. IRipen 
for a week or two to a brown color. (Used in 
staining myelin sheaths. Weigert's'elastic tis- 
sue S.: Aqueous sdlutions of1 resorcin andfuchsin 
are boiled together, liquor ferri sesquichloridi 
(is added, and (the (precipitate dissdlved Iin alcohol, 
to which has been added 2 per cent, of hydro- 
chloric acid. Weigert's iron^hematoxylm 
(for nuclei): (Prepare (two sdlutions: (a) IHema- 
toxylin, a gm.; 96 :per cent, dlcdhdl, noo c.c. (b) 
ILiquor ferri sesquichloridi, 4 cic.; water, 95 c.c.; 
hydrochloric acid, n c.c. For use, mix equal 
parts. Weigert's method (for neuroglia fibers): 
(a) Fix thin pieces of tissue, not over | cm. thick, 
iin a 4 per cent, sdlution of formaldehyd for at least 
(four days, (b) Mordant in the following sdlution 
lor four or five days iin an incubator, or (for eight 
days at room-temperature: Acetate of copper, 5 gm.; 
acetic acid, 36 per cent, solution, 5 c.c.; chrome 
alum, 2.5 gm.; water, to 100 c.c. Boilthe chrome 
alum in a covered dish (it turns to a green color); 
rremove the gas, add the acetic acid, and then the 
copper acetate; stir until the latten is dissdlved,(then 
codl. The sdlution shotild (remain clear and with- 
out a green precipitate. (0) Wa4h in water; de- 
hydrate iin alcdhdl; embed in celloidin, (d) (Re- 
duction of copper sailt in sections: n. Place the 
sections, whidh must not be over 0.02 mm. (thick, 
tin a 0.33 per cent, aqueous sdlution of potassium 
permanganate for ten minutes. 2. Wash with 
water. 3. ©ecolorize and (reduce for two to four 
hours in the following solution: (Chromogen- 
lormic acid (specific gravity, n.20), 5 c.c.; water, 
SmiliN'IINtG METHODS 
1053 
STAINING WIETHOBS 
to too c.c. Add to 90 per cent, of this, just before 
using, 10 c.c. of a 10 per cent, solution of sodium 
sulphite. The sections can now be stained in the 
manner to be described, but the color of the fibers 
will be more intense if the following steps are ob- 
served, and a slight yellowish contrast-stain is 
obtained for the ganglion- and ependymal cells 
and for the Harger nerve-fibers, (e) [Further (re- 
duction of copper salt: 1. 'Wash twice in water. 
2. (Place sections in a carefully filtered saturated 
5 per cent, aqueous solution of chromogen over- 
night. 3. Wash in water. 4. The sections are 
now (ready for staining, or may be preserved 
until wanted in 90 c.c. of 80 per cent, alcohol 
and 10 c.c. of 5 per cent, oxalic acid, (f) Staining 
of neuroglia fibers: 1. (Lift section from large 
dish of water on to slide freshly cleansed with 
alcohol; blot with filter-paper fmethod recom- 
mended by Weigert for attaching sections to 
slide). 2. Stain in the following mixture: Satu- 
rated solution of methyl-violet in 70 tto 80 per 
cent, alcohol, 100 c.c. (saturated with aid of heat; 
decanted when cold), and 5 per cent, aqueous 
solution of oxalic acid, 5 c.c. 3. Wash with 
(normal salt solution. 4. Hodin solution: 5 per 
cent, potassium iodid sdlution saturated with 
iodin. This is poured on and then off. 5. Wash 
with water and blot with filter-paper. 6. ©e- 
cdlorize thoroughly in equal parts of xylol and 
anilin-oil. 7. Wash repeatedly with xylol, or the 
stain will not keep. 8. (Canada balsam. The 
sections keep better if exposed for from (two to 
three days to diffuse light before being put away. 
Weigert'=8 method. See also Gram-Weigert 
staining method. Weigert's mixture: 1. A clear- 
ing agent for thick sections of the central nervous 
system after carmin and hematoxylin stains: 
carbolic acid in crystalls, n part; xjtlol, 3 parts. 
2. Anilin, 2 parts: xylol, 1 part. Used like (the 
preceding. Weigert's mixture of anilin and 
xylol: Anilin, 2 parts; xylol, 1 part. Weigert's 
myelin sheath -s.: n. (Fix and mordant the 
(tissues in Weigert's quick mordant or in Muller's 
fluid. 2. ©ehydrate in alcohol without washing 
in water. 3. Embed in celloidin. 4. Place sections 
for twenty-four hours in (the following solution: 
(Copper acetate, 5 parts; acetic acid, 36 per cent, 
solution, 5 parts; chrome alum, 2 to 5 parts. 5. 
Stain fifteen minutes to twenty-four hours in 
hematoxylin, 1 part; absolute alcohol, 10 parts; 
saturated aqueous solution of lithium carbonate, 
7 parts; water, 90 parts. The hematoxylin and 
alcohol must be kept on hand for some time, in 
■ order to ripen. 6. Wash thoroughly in water. 
7. ©ecolorize in borax, 4 parts; potassium ferro- 
cyanid, 5 parts; water, 200 parts, until the gray 
substance becomes distinctly yellow. 8. Wash 
■thoroughly in water. 9. ©ehydrate in 95 per cent, 
alcohol. (io. (Clear in anilin oil, 2 parts; xylol, 
1 part. 11. Finish in Canada balsam. Weigert's 
picrocarmin: A stain prepared by stirring 2 
gm. of carmin in 4 C:C.< of ammonia and allowing 
it to remain standing in a well-corked bottle for 
twenty-four hours. This is mixed with 200 c.c. of 
a concentrated aqueous solution of picric acid, to 
which a few drops of acetic acid are added after a 
further twenty-four hours. Filter after twenty-four 
hours. Should the precipitate: also pass through the 
(filter, a I little ammonia is added to dissolve it. Wei- 
gert's quick method (for mordanting myelin 
sheaths')-. i.Fixthetissues in a 4iper cent, solution of 
formaldehyd (10 per cent, solution of formalin) for 
(four days to several weeks. (Four days are enough 
(for pieces not over 1 cm. thick. The solution is 
changed at the end of twenty-four hours. 2. 
Mordant the myelin sheaths in a solution of 
(potassium dichromate, 5 parts; chrome alum, 2 
.parts; water, 100 parts, for four to eight days. The 
tissues should not be left in it more than eight days, 
lest they become too brittle. 3. Transfer directly 
to 80 per cent, alcohol, and keep an the dark until 
wanted for embedding, changing the alcohol occa- 
sionally as it becomes colored. Weigert'ss. (for fibrin): Harden in alcohol. 2. Stain celloidin sections 
in lithium-carmin. 3. Fasten sections to slide with 
ether vapor. 4. Stain in anilin-gentian-violet 
five to twenty minutes. 5. Wash with normal 
salt solution. 6. Lugol's iodin solution one minute. 
7. Wash with water. 8. Decolorize in anilin, 
2 parts; xylol, 2 parts. 9. Wash with three changes 
of xylol. 10. Canada balsam. Fibrin and Gram- 
stainable bacteria are colored blue; nuclei become 
red. Weigert-Ehrlich s. (jor tubercle bacilli): 
Alcoholic solution of fuchsin or of methyl-violet 
is added to an aqueous solution of anilin oil. 
The specimens are stained, washed in water, 
treated with dilute hydrochloric or nitric acid, 
and again washed. Weigert-Pal method. See 
Pal's method. Weiss' double s. (for tubercle 
bacilli): Mix 1 part of methyl-violet solution with 
3 parts of carbolfuchsin. Mixture keeps a week. 
Otherwise as in Much's method. In both methods 
a counter-stain is desirable-either a much-diluted 
solution of fuchsin or a 1 per cent, watery solution 
of safranin. The results are much better if the 
slides are left from twenty-four to forty-eight 
hours in the staining solution at room-temperature. 
Welch's method (of staining the capside of the 
pneumococcus): 1. Cover the preparation with 
glacial acetic acid for a few seconds. 2. Drain 
off and replace (without washing) with anilin- 
gentian-violet solution, repeatedly added. 3. 
Wash in a 2 per cent, solution of sodium chlorid 
and mount in the same. Wendriner's mix- 
ture : 8 gm. of borax are dissolved in hot water, 
12 gm. of boric acid are added, and then 4 gm. 
of borax; after crystallization it is filtered. Wheal 
and Clown's method (for actinomyces): 1. 
Stain with Ehrlich's hematoxylin and wash in tap- 
water. 2. Stain in hot carbolfuchsin for five 
minutes and wash. 3. Decolorize with Spengler's 
picric acid alcohol. See Spengler's m. Wil- 
liams' method (for flagella): Cover the cover- 
glass with a mordant consisting of 5 c.c. of 1 per 
cent, solution of alumnol, 5 c.c. of a 2 per cent, 
solution of osmic acid, and 15 c.c. of a 20 per cent, 
solution of tannin; shake the mixture and add 3 
drops of glacial acetic acid and shake again; apply 
the mordant less than one minute and wash in 
water; cover the preparation for one minute with a 
1 per cent, solution of silver nitrate containing 
sufficient ammonium hydroxid to keep the silver 
in solution; wash in water; wash in a 0.6 per cent, 
solution of sodium chlorid; flood the preparation 
with a 30 per cent, solution of ammonium hy- 
droxid, and wash in water; apply a few drops of 
ortol photographic developer; wash in water; 
cover with a 1 per cent, solution of gold chlorid 
for a few seconds; wash in water and apply ortol 
developer a few seconds; wash in water and cover 
with a 1 per cent, solution of mercuric chlorid for a 
few seconds; wash in water; apply ortol developer 
a few seconds. Wash and repeat the application of 
chlorid of gold, the washing, and the ortol devel- 
oper two or more times. Wood's modification 
of Giemsa's s.: 1. Fix film in methyl alcohol. 
2. Stain with 0.1 per cent, solution of eosin until 
pink. 3. Pour off eosin and stain one-half to on< 
minute with 0.25 per cent, solution of azur II. 4. 
Wash with water and dry by blotting. Wright's 
s. (for blood and malarial parasites): Dissolve 0.5 
gm. of sodium bicarbonate in 100 c.c. of distilled 
water, and add 1 gm. of methylene-blue. Steam the 
mixture in a steam sterilizer at ioo° C. for one 
hour. The mixture is removed, allowed to cool, 
and to it is added a 1: 1000 solution of eosin until 
the mixture becomes purple in color and a yellowish 
metallic scum forms on the surface. The pre- 
cipitate is collected on a filter, is allowed to dry, 
STAINING METHODS 
1054 
and is then dissolved in pure methyl alcohol in 
the proportion of 0.5 gm. to 1000 c.c. of alcohol. 
Make films of the blood, spread thinly, and allow 
them to dry in the air; cover the preparation 
with the staining fluid for one minute; add to the 
staining fluid on the preparation sufficient water, 
drop by drop, until a delicate metallic scum forms 
on the surface, allowing the mixture to remain on 
the preparation for two or three minutes; wash in 
water until the film has a pinkish tint in its thinner 
portions and the red corpuscles take on a yellow or 
pink color; dry between filter-paper and mount 
in balsam, xyiol-baisam: A thin, syrupy fluid 
prepared from Canada balsam dissolved in xylol: 
a mounting reagent for stained specimens. Yam- 
agiwa's method (for staining neuroglia): The 
tissue, cut in very thin sections, is hardened in 
Muller's fluid for about a month, changing the 
fluid in the beginning daily for five or six days. 
From this solution the tissues are transferred 
directly, without washing in water, into absolute 
alcohol, where they remain for from several days 
to a week, the alcohol being changed daily. After 
embedding in celloidin and cutting, the sections 
are stained in a concentrated alcoholic solution of 
eosin for twelve days or more, then in a con- 
centrated watery solution of anilin-blue for from 
four to six hours, then differentiated in dilute 
alcohol rendered feebly alkaline with a 1 per 
cent, potassium hydroxid solution. The deep- 
blue sections become reddish-brown. They are 
then washed in distilled water and the excess of 
blue removed in diluted alcohol. The sections 
now are reddish. They are then dehydrated in 
absolute alcohol, cleared in oil of origanum, and 
mounted in balsam. Thus treated, the axis- 
cylinders are deep blue, the glia fibers and red 
blood-corpuscles dark red, the myelin sheaths 
bright red, the protoplasm of the glia cells pale 
violet, the bodies of the ganglion-cells pale bluish- 
gray with greenish granules, connective-tissue 
fibers, adventitia, intima of blood-vessels sky-blue 
or pale greenish, the media bluish-red, the nuclear 
membranes all bluish. Yamamoto's method 
(for spirochetes): Staining with a 5 per cent, solu- 
tion of silver nitrate, followed by a solution of 2 
per cent, pyrogallic and 1 per cent, tannic acid 
solution. Zenker's fluid: A fixing reagent 
consisting of potassium dichromate, 2.5 gm.; 
sodium sulphate, 1 gm.; mercuric chlorid, 5 gm.; 
glacial acetic acid, 5 c.c.; water, to 1000 c.c. For 
use, fix tissues in the solution one to twenty-dour 
hours, rarely forty-eight hours, according to thick- 
ness. Wash in running water twelve to twenty- 
four hours. Preserve in 80 per cent, alcohol until 
used. Ziehl's carbolfuchsin solution: A 
bacterial staining solution prepared by dissolving 
1 gm. of fuchsin in 10 c.c. of 96 per cent, alcohol 
and adding 90 c.c. of 5 per cent, carbolic acid. 
Ziehl-Neelson's carbolfuchsin: Saturated 
alcoholic solution of fuchsin, 16 c.c.; anilin water, 
84 c.c. Ziehl-Neelsen's method (for tuber- 
culosis): 1. Stain the dried and fixed film in hot 
carbolfuchsin for five to ten minutes. 2. De- 
colorize in 5 per cent, sulphuric acid, 5 per cent, 
nitric acid or 1 per cent, hydrochloric acid three to 
five minutes. 3. Wash in water, then in alcohol 
as long as color comes away. 4. Counterstain with 
dilute methylene-blue. Ziehl-Neelson-Gabbet 
method (for tubercle bacillus): 1. Stain paraffin 
sections in carbolfuchsin solution, warming it 
three or four times until it steams. 2. Wash in 
water. 3. Decolorize and stain for contrast in 
sulphuric-acid methylene-blue solution one min- 
ute. 4. Wash in water. 5. Absolute alcohol. 6. 
Xylol. 7. Xylol balsam. 
STAINING METHODS staircase (star'kas). See treppe. 
stalagmometer (stal-ag-mom'et-er) [Gr. araXay- 
pbs dropping 4- per pop measure]. An instrument 
for measuring surface tension by determining the 
exact number of drops in a given quantify of a 
liquid. See miostagmin reaction, under reaction. 
Stalagmon (stal-ag'mon). A colloidal substance 
which changes the surface tension of a liquid con- 
taining them. 
Staling (sta'ling). Urination in cattle and horses, 
stalk, abdominal (stawk). The tube of mesoblast 
which surrounds the stem of the allantois in the 
embryo, optic S., the embryonic structure 
which connects the optic vesicle with the dien- 
cephalon. 
stalk-disease. An eruptive disease of cattle. 
Stamen (sta'men). The male part of a flower. 
Stamina (stam'in-ah) [LJ. Vigor or endurance. 
Stammer, stammering (stam'er, stam'er-ing). 
A faulty and interrupted manner of speech. S. 
bladder. See bladder. 
Stamper (stam'per). A person affected with loco- 
motor ataxia: so called because of the peculiar 
stamping gait of that disease. 
Stanch (stanch). To check the flow of blood from: 
as, to stanch a wound. 
Standard candle (stan'dard). A spermaceti can- 
dle burning 120 grains an hour. s. solution, a 
solution that contains a definite amount of a re- 
agent. Pignet's s. See Pignet's formula, under 
formula. 
Standardization (stan"dard-iz-a'shun). The bring- 
ing of any preparation to a recognized standard as 
to quality or ingredients. 
Standardize (stan'dard-iz). To compare with or 
conform to a standard. 
Standstill (stand'stil). The quiet state resulting 
from suspended activity, respiratory s., sus- 
pension of the movements of respiration. When 
it occurs at the end of an expiration, it is termed 
expiratory s.; when at the end of an inspiration, 
inspiratory s. 
Stannate (stan'at). Any salt of stannic acid. 
stannic (stan'ik). Containing tin as a quadriva- 
lent element, s. chlor id, an irritant war smoke, 
SnCL. For stannic compounds, see tin. 
Stanniferous (stan-if'er-us) [L. stan'num tin 4- 
fe/re to bear]. Containing tin. 
Stannius' ligature (stan'e-us) [Herman Fried- 
rich Stannius, German biologist, 1808-1883]. See 
under ligature. 
stannous (stan'us). Containing tin as a bivalent 
element. 
Stannoxyl (stan-ok'sil). A proprietary combina- 
tion of metallic tin and its oxid: used in the treat- 
ment of staphylococcal infections, i. e., acne and 
furunculosis. 
Stannum (stan'um). 1. Latin for tin. 2. A 
homeopathic preparation of metallic tin. 
stapedectomy (sta-pe-dek'to-me) [L. sta'pes stirrup 
4- Gr. eKTopi) excision]. Excision of the stapes. 
Stapedial (sta-pe'de-al). Pertaining to the stapes. 
Stapediotenotomy (sta-pe"de-o-ten-ot'o-me). The 
cutting of the tendon of the stapedius muscle. 
stapediovestibular (sta-pe"de-o-ves-tib'u-lar). 
Pertaining to the stapes and vestibule. 
Stapedius (sta-pe'de-us). See muscles, table of. 
Stapes (sta'pez) [L. "stirrup"]. The innermost 
of the ossicles of the ear, shaped somewhat like 
a stirrup. It articulates by its head with the 
incus, and its base is inserted into the fenestra 
ovalis. Called also stirrup. 
Staphisagria (staf-is-a'gre-ah) [Gr. (Trails raisin 
4- ay p cos wild]. The poisonous seeds of Delphin'- 
ium staphisa'gria, stavesacre, or lousewort. The 
plant and its seeds are poisonous and narcotic. 
The seed is sometimes employed as a vermifuge, 
STAIRCASE 
1055 
but mainly for destroying lice. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 1-2 min. (0.06-0.12 c.c.). 
staphisagrin (staf-is-a'grin). A poisonous alka- 
loid, C22H33NO5, from staphisagria. 
staphylagra (staf-il'ag-rah, staf-il-a'grah) [Gr. 
aratpvXaypa]. A forceps for holding the uvula. 
staphylectomy- (staf-il-ek'to-me) [Gr. ara^uXl? 
uvula + eKTopi) excision]. Complete removal of 
the soft palate. 
staphyledema (staf-il-e-de'mah) [Gr. 
uvula + o'tbqpa swelling]. An enlargement or 
swollen state of the uvula. 
staphylematoma (staf"il-em-at-o'mah) [Gr. ora^- 
vXr) uvula 4- hematoma]. Hemorrhage from the 
uvula (Pauli). 
staphyline (staf'il-in) [Gr. ara<pvXi7 bunch of 
grapes; also the uvula]. 1. Shaped like a bunch 
of grapes. 2. Pertaining to the uvula. 
staphylinopharyngeus (staf-il-i"no-far-in'je-us). 
The palatoglossus muscle. 
staphylinus (staf-il-i'nus) [L.]. Pertaining to the 
uvula, s. exter'nus, the tensor palati muscle, 
s. inter'nus, the levator palati muscle. 
staphylion (staf-il'e-on) [Gr. aTa<pv\iov little grape]. 
1. A craniometric point on the posterior edge of 
the hard palate at the median line. 2. The uvula. 
3. A nipple or teat. 
staphylitis (staf-il-i'tis) [Gr. ara<pvXr) uvula 4* -ins 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the uvula. 
staphylo-angina (staf"il-o-an'jin-ah). A mild form 
of sore-throat, marked by a pseudomembranous 
deposit in the throat due to a staphylococcus. 
staphylobacterin (staf"il-o-bak'ter-in). The bac- 
terial vaccine prepared from staphylococci. 
Staphylococcal (staf"il-o-kok'al). Pertaining to 
or caused by staphylococci. 
Staphylococcemia (staf"il-o-kok-se'me-ah) [staph- 
ylococcus 4- Gr. alpa blood]. A condition char- 
acterized by the presence of staphylococci in the 
blood. 
Staphylococcia (staf-il-o-kok'se-ah). 1. Skin sup- 
puration due to a staphylococcus. 2. A secondary 
infection with a staphylococcus. 
Staphylococcic (staf"il-o-kok'sik). Pertaining to or 
caused by staphylococci. 
staphylococcomycosis (staf"il-o-kok"o-mi-ko'- 
sis). A skin disease due to infection with staphy- 
lococci. , 
Staphylococcus (staf"il-o-kok'kus) [Gr. ara<puX^ 
bunch of grapes 4- kokkos berry]. A genus of bacteria 
of the family Coccacea made up of spheric cells 
arranged in groups and short chains, and very 
rarely in packets. These are the bacteria most 
commonly found in boils, abscesses, carbuncles, 
and similar suppurative processes. Staphylococcus 
infection of the lungs results in a highly fatal 
bronchopneumonia. S. al'bus, a species from 
milk and the pus of osteomyelitis: not known to 
be pathogenic. S. au'reus. S. pyogenes aureus. 
S. bis'krae, a pathogenic species from the serum 
and pus of Biskra button: seen as immobile paired 
and double micrococci. S. botryomy'ces, a 
species causing the disease botryomycosis in 
horses. S. can'dicans, a non-pathogenic species 
from air and water. S. ce'reus al'bus, a 
form from water and pus; not pathogenic. S. 
ce'reus au'reus, a variety from the nasal 
discharge in coryza, producing an orange-red 
pigment. S. ce'reus fla'vus, a variety from 
abscesses producing a yellow pigment. S. cit'reus, 
a species giving a yellowish color in cultures. S. 
epider'midis al'bus (Welch, 1892), a microbe 
that always inhabits the skin and hair-follicles: it 
sometimes becomes pathogenic in wounds. S. ful'~ 
VUS, a species from the lungs of horses and rab- 
bits, producing a rose-red pigment. S. haem- 
orrhag'icus, a pathogenic species from the 
vesicular eruption of sheep affected with garget. 
S. manfre'dii, a species occurring in the form 
of ovoid cocci from the sputum of lobar pneu- 
STAPHYLOCOCCUS STAPHYLODERMATITIS 
1056 
grape + pvktjs fungus]. Any systemic disorder 
due to staphylococci; staphylococcus infection. 
staphyloncus (staf-il-ong'kus) [Gr. araipvXi? uvula 
+ oyKos mass]. A tumor or swelling of the 
uvula. 
staphylopharyngeus (staf"il-o-fa-rin'je-us). The 
palatopharyngeus muscle. 
staphylopharyngorrhaphy (staf"il-o-far-in-gor'- 
af-e) [Gr. aratpvXr) uvula + <pdpvy£ pharynx + 
pavo suture]. The stitching of the halves of the 
velum palati to the posterior pharyngeal wall. 
Staphyloplasmin (staf"il-o-plaz'min). A poison 
produced in the organism of a staphylococcus, 
producing suppuration. 
staphyloplasty (staf'il-o-plas-te) [Gr. ora<pvXi7 
uvula + irXdaaeu' to mold]. Plastic surgery of 
the uvula. 
staphyloptosia, staphyloptosis (staf"il-ops 
to'se-ah, -sis) [Gr. ara<pvXr) uvula + irruai- 
fall]. Elongation of the uvula. 
Staphylorrhaphy (staf-il-or'af-e) [Gr. aratpvXrj 
uvula -I- pavy suture]. Surgical closure of a 
cleft-palate, especially of the soft palate. See 
uranorrhaphy. 
staphyloschisis (staf-il-os'kis-is) [Gr. <rra<f>vXr) 
uvula + axiats splitting]. Cleft uvula; fissure of 
the uvula and soft palate. 
staphylostreptococcia (staf"il-o-strep-to-kok'se- 
ah). A secondary pyogenic infection with a 
staphylococcus and a streptococcus. 
Staphylotome (staf'il-o-tbm) [Gr. aTay>uXoT6/ior]. 
A knife or instrument for cutting the uvula 
Staphylotomy (staf-il-ot'o-me) [Gr. <rra<pvXri uvula 
+ repvecv to cut], i. The surgical removal of a 
part of the uvula; also incision of the uvula. 2 
The removal of a staphyloma by cutting. 
Staphylotoxin (staf"il-o-toks'in). A toxin occur- 
ring in cultures of staphylococci. 
star (star). Any structure shaped like a star, 
daughter-s. See diaster, dental s., a marking 
on the incisor teeth of horses, first appearing in the 
lower central incisors at about the age of eight 
years: used in judging a horse's age. polar s's, 
the star-like figures of the diaster, s's of Ver- 
heyen, the venae stellatae; rosets of venous 
radicles beneath the capsule of the kidney. Wins- 
low's s's, whorls of capillary vessels from which 
arise the vorticose veins of the choroid coat of the 
eye. 
star-anise (star-an'is). See Illicium. 
Starch (starch) [L. am'ylum]. A polysaccharid from 
various plant tissues, having the formula (CgHio- 
Oa)n. It is produced in plant cells by the influence 
of light on chlorophyl. The varieties of starch 
differ mainly in the form and size of their granules. 
The hull of the granule is composed of starch 
cellulose, and the interior of granulose, the two 
materials being isomeric. The saliva and pan- 
creatic juice convert cooked starch into maltose 
and then into dextrose. It is important as a food, 
and is used therapeutically as a dusting-powder, 
and as an emollient in enemas, ointments, etc. 
Arrowroot, tapioca, tous-les-mois, salep, and sago 
are commercial forms of starch. The principal 
commercial starches are maize-starch, or corn- 
starch, potato-starch, rice-starch, and wheat- 
starch. In surgery starch bandanges have a con- 
siderableuse. animals. See glycogen, corn-s., 
a starch from maize, iodized S., starch that has 
been treated with iodin, of which it contains 5 per 
cent.: alterative and antidotal. Dose, 60 gr. 
(4 gm.), soluble S., the first stage in the hy- 
drolysis of starch. 
Stare, postbasic (star). A peculiar expression 
of the eyes in posterior basic meningitis due to 
downward rolling of the eyeball and retraction of 
the upper lid. 
starvation (star-va'shun). Long-continued de- 
prival of food. s.-treatment. See Allen treat- 
ment, under treatment. 
STARVATION 
monia. They produce lobar pneumonia when 
injected into animals. S. passe'tii, a species 
from pus, producing a yellow pigment. S.pil- 
cat'ilis, a species believed to cause perleche. 
S. pyog enes, a microorganism of suppuration, 
of which there are several varieties. S. pyog - 
enes al'bus, a pyogenic variety with wmte cul- 
tures from stitch abscesses, etc. Called also 
Micrococcus albus. S. pyog enes au reus, a 
pyogenic variety with golden-yellow cultures, 
which produce phlogosin, obtained from air, water, 
soil, pus, etc. It is the cause of carbuncle, and is 
found in cases of osteomyelitis and in some cases 
of bronchopneumonia. Called also Micrococcus 
aureus. S. pyog'enes cit'reus, a form with 
citron-yellow cultures: pyogemc. S. pyosep - 
ticus, a variety resembling Staphylococcus 
pyogenes albus, found in a tumor on the skin of a 
dog. It was pathogenic for rabbits and dogs. 
S. rindfleisch'ii, a species from the capil- 
laries in mycosis fungoides, occurring in chains of 
colorless cocci. S. saliva'rius pyog'enes, a 
pyogenic form from a guinea-pig inoculated with 
sputum from a case of scarlatinal angina. S. 
tetra'genus, an organism discovered by Gaffky 
in lung cavities in phthisis. It is found in abscesses 
in man and animals, and often occurs in the healthy 
mouth. It is also found in empyema following 
pneumonia and in the pus of war wounds. Called 
also Micrococcus tetragenus. S. ure'ae, the organ- 
ism which produces ammoniacal fermentation in 
urine. S. vir'idis flaves'cens, a species from the 
vesicles of varicella, producing a yellowish-green 
pigment. 
staphylodermatitis (staf"il-o-der-mat-i'tis). In- 
flammation of the skin due to staphylococci. 
staphylodialysis (staf"il-o-di-al'is-is) [Gr. ara^v\-q 
uvula -]- SiaXvais loosing]. Relaxation of the 
uvula. 
staphylo-edema (staf"il-o-e-de'mah). See staphyl- 
edema. 
staphylohemia (staf"il-o-he'me-ah) [Gr. aTatpvXbs 
a bunch of grapes + at pa blood]. The presence of 
staphylococci in the blood. 
staphyloleukocydin (staf"il-o-lu-ko-si'din). A 
toxin from staphylococcus cultures which is de- 
structive to leukocytes. 
staphylolysin (staf"il-o-li'sin). The hemolysin of 
staphylococcus toxin. 
Staphyloma (staf-il-o'mah) [Gr. araipvXwpa]. Pro- 
trusion of the cornea or sclera, resulting from 
inflammation, annular S. 1. A staphyloma sur- 
rounded by an atrophic choroid coat. 2. Staph- 
yloma of the sclera in the ciliary region, extend- 
ing around the margin of the cornea, anterior 
s., scleral staphyloma in the anterior part of the 
eye; keratoglobus. ciliary S., scleral staphylo- 
ma in the part covered by the ciliary body. S. 
cor'nese. 1. Protrusion of the cornea, caused 
by the cornea losing its transparency and pro- 
jecting beyond the eyelid. Called also conic 
cornea, prolapsus cornea, and projecting staph- 
yloma. 2. Staphyloma formed by an iris which 
has protruded through a wound in the cornea, 
s. cor'neae racemo'sum, staphyloma corneae 
(2) in which there are a number of perfora- 
tions from which small portions of iris protrude, 
-equatorial s., scleral staphyloma occurring in 
the equatorial region of the eye. intercalary 
S., that which occurs in the rim of sclera ante- 
rior to the insertion of the ciliary body, poste- 
rior S., S. posti'cum, the backward bulging of 
the sclera at the posterior pole of the eye. pro- 
jecting s. See s. cornea. Scarpa's S., pos- 
terior staphyloma, scleral S., protrusion of the 
contents of the eyeball at a point where the sclera 
has become too thin, uveal s., protrusion of the 
uvea through a ruptured sclera. 
Staphylomatous (staf-il-om'at-us). Pertaining to 
or resembling staphyloma. 
Staphylomycosis (staf"il-o-mi-ko'sis)[Gr. ara<pvXn STASIBASIPHOBIA 
1057 
STEARENTIN 
stasibasiphobia (stas"e-bas-if-o'be-ah) [Gr. ar da is 
standing + /3aais step + <p60os fear]. Insane dis- 
trust of one's ability to stand or walk. 
Stasimetry (stas-im'et-re) [Gr. ar da is condition + 
perpov measure]. The measurement of the con- 
sistence of soft bodies. 
stasimorphia (stas-im-or'fe-ah) Stasimorphy. 
stasimorphy (stas'im-or-fe) [Gr. o-raais halt + 
papyri form]. Deformity or abnormality of shape 
in any organ, due to arrest of development. 
stasiphobia (stas-if-o'be-ah) [Gr. or dais standing 
+ ipofios fear]. Morbid dread of standing erect. 
stasis (sta'sis) [Gr. ardais halt]. A stoppage of 
the flow of blood in any part, diffusion-s., 
stasis in which there is diffusion of lymph or serum, 
foot s. See trench foot, under foot, ileal s., 
abnormal delay in the passage of the intestinal 
contents through the ileum; it is usually due 
to dilatation of the ileum. intestinal s., 
a condition of intestinal atony, frequently with 
visceral ptosis, intestinal kinks, bands, or ad- 
hesions, resulting in constipation, auto-intoxica- 
tion, neurasthenia, etc. pressure s., traumatic 
asphyxia. See asphyxia, venous s., stasis of 
blood due to venous congestion. 
stasobasiphobia (stas"o-bas-if-o'be-ah). See stasi- 
basiphobia. 
Stas-Otto method (stahs-ot'o) [Stas, a Belgian 
chemist, 1813-1891]. A method of separating 
alkaloids and ptomains. It consists in treating 
the substance with twice its weight of 90 per cent, 
alcohol and about 20 gm. of tartaric or oxalic acid, 
filtering, evaporating, dissolving the residue in 
absolute alcohol, filtering and evaporating again, 
dissolving the residue in water alkalinized with 
sodium bicarbonate, and extracting the alkaloid 
with ether. 
Stat. Abbreviation for L. sta'tim, immediately. 
State (stat) [L. sta'tus], Condition or situation; 
status; also the crisis or turning-point of an attack, 
of disease, anelectrotonic s., the condition 
which obtains in a nerve near the anode during 
the passage of a continuous current, catelec- 
trotonic S., the condition of a nerve near the 
cathode during the passage of an electric current, 
hypnagogic s., that state of light slumber 
intermediate between sleep and waking which 
occurs just as one is falling to sleep or as one is 
awakening. hypnoidal S., a condition in 
which portions of unrecognized past experience 
come up into consciousness from the subconscious 
life, hypnoidic S., a state in which more or less 
connected experiences of the past come up into 
consciousness from the subconscious state. hyp- 
noleptic S., a state occurring between two ex- 
periences of double personality, twilight S., a 
temporary absence of consciousness in which the 
patient may perform certain acts involuntarily and 
without remembrance of them afterward, ty- 
phoid S., a condition of great muscular weakness 
and stupor, with dry, brown tongue, sordes on the 
teeth, muttering delirium, feeble pulse, involuntary 
discharge of feces and urine: seen in certain wasting 
diseases, as typhoid and other fevers. 
Static (stat'ik) [L. stat'icus; Gr. arariKos]. 1. At 
rest; in equilibrium; not in motion. 2. Not dynamic. 
Statice (stat'is-e) [Gr. arariKr/ astringent]. A genus 
of plumbagineous plants. S. limo'nium, marsh- 
rosemary, and other species are highly astringent, 
statics (stat'iks). That department of mechanics 
which treats of matter in a state of rest or equili- 
bration. 
statim (sta'tim). Latin for at once. 
station (sta'shun) [L. sta'tio], The manner of 
standing; in ataxic conditions it is sometimes 
pathognomonic. See attitude, aid S., a place for 
assembling and collecting the wounded in battle 
for their evacuation to the rear, dressing s., a 
sheltered temporary retreat for soldiers wounded 
in battle who have been collected on the field by 
the litter bearers and brought in from the aid 
station, rest S., stations for temporary relief of 
sick and wounded transported by hospital trains 
or ambulances located at definite points on a mili- 
tary road or railway, s. for the slightly 
wounded, an aid station for wounded soldiers 
who can walk and do not require transportation, 
stationary (sta'shun-a-re) [L. stationa'rius\. Not 
subject to variations or to changes of place. 
statoliths (stat'o-liths). Same as otoconia. 
Statometer (stat-om'et-er) [Gr. arards standing + 
perpov measure]. An apparatus for measuring 
the degree of exophthalmos. 
stature (stat'ur) [L. statu'ra]. The height or tall- 
ness of a person standing. 
status (sta'tus) [L.]. State or condition, s. arth- 
rit'icus, the gouty diathesis; predisposition to 
gout. s. cholera'icus, a state occurring in the 
algid stage of cholera, characterized by a dull 
countenance, weak pulse, and cold skin. S. 
chore'icus, a severe and persistent form of 
chorea, s. convul'sivus, a condition marked 
by a series of convulsions following one after 
the other, s. cribro'sus, a sieve-like condi- 
tion of the brain due to dilatation of the peri- 
vascular lymph-spaces. S. crit'icus, a severe and 
persistent form of tabetic crises, s. epilep'ticus, 
a condition in which epileptic coma and fever are 
varied by convulsions. S. gas'tricus, a dis- 
ordered state of the stomach: gastric indigestion, 
s. hemicra'nicus, a state marked by con- 
stantly recurring attacks of migraine, s. lacuna'- 
ris, a condition of the brain marked by numerous 
small losses of substance, s. lymphat'icus. See 
lymphatism. s. nervo'sus, the typhoid state. See 
state, s. parathyreopri'vus, a condition due to 
absence of parathyroid, s. prae'sens, the con- 
dition of a patient at the time of observation, 
s. rap'tus, a condition of ecstasy, s. thymico- 
iymphat'icus, a condition resembling lymphat- 
ism, with enlargement of the lymphadenoid tissue 
generally and with enlargement of the thymus as 
the special influencing factor, s. thym'icus. See 
lymphatism. S. typho'sus, the typhoid state. 
See state, s. vertigino'sus, a prolonged condi- 
tion of vertigo. 
Statuvolence (stat-u'vo-lens) [L. sta'tus state -f- 
vo'lens willing]. A voluntary self-induced state of 
hypnotism. 
statuvolent, statuvolic (stat-u'vol-ent, stat-u- 
vol'ik). Affected with or able to enter voluntarily a 
condition of statuvolence. 
statuvolism (stat-u'vo-lizm). Same as statuvolence. 
Staurion (staw're-on) [Gr. aravpos cross]. A point 
at the crossing of the median and transverse pala- 
tine sutures. 
stauroplegia (staw-ro-ple'je-ah) [Gr. aravpbs cross 
+ stroke]. Crossed hemiplegia. 
Stauung's hyperemia (stau"oongs hi-per-e'me- 
ah) [Ger.]. Same as Bier's hyperemia. See hyperemia. 
Stave of the thumb (stav). See Bennett's fracture, 
under fracture. 
stavesacre (stavz'a-ker). Same as Staphisagria. 
staxis (stak'sis) [Gr. ard^is a dropping]. Hemor- 
rhage. 
stay (sta). The bar of a horse's hoof. 
stay knot (sta). See under knot. 
steam-tug murmur (stem-tug'). A murmur heard 
in aortic obstruction and insufficiency, and re- 
sembling the sound of the exhaust of a steam-tug. 
Steapsin (ste-ap'sin) [Gr. ar tap fat + Treats diges- 
tion], Same as lipase. 
steapsinogen (ste-ap-sin'o-jen). A proenzyme of 
steapsin. 
Stearate (ste'ar-at). Any compound of stearic acid. 
Stearentin (ste-ar-en'tin) [Gr. areap tallow + 
evrepov intestine]. Greenish sebaceous matter oc- 
curring in feces of suckling infants. STEARIC ACID 
1058 
STENOPEIC 
stearic acid (ste-ar'ik). See acid. 
Stearin (ste'ar-in). A white, crystalline fat, C3H5- 
(CisHssC^h, found in the harder fats, such as 
tallow. 
Stearns' alcoholic amentia (sternz) [A. Warren 
Stearns, contemporary Boston physician]. See 
under amentia. 
Stearoconotum (ste"ar-o-ko-no'tum) [Gr. areap 
solid fat + kovis dust or powder], A yellow, pul- 
verulent fat found in the brain mass. 
Stearodermia (ste"ar-o-der'me-ah) [Gr. areap fat 
+ beppa skin]. A disease of the skin involving the 
sebaceous glands. 
Stearol (ste'ar-ol) [Gr. areap fat]. A medicinal 
preparation with fat as an excipient. 
Stearopten (ste-ar-op'ten) [Gr. areap fat + irr^vos 
volatile]. A camphor; the more solid substance 
which, combined with an eleopten, constitutes a 
typical volatile oil. 
stearosan (ste'ar-o-san). A proprietary preparation 
of santolyl stearate: used in catarrhal inflammation 
of the genito-urinary tract. 
stearrhea, stearrhoea (ste-ar-e'ah) [Gr. areap fat 
+ poia flow]. Same as steatorrhea. 
Steatadenoma (ste-at-ad-en-o'mah) [Gr. areap fat 
-f- adenoma]. Adenoma of the sebaceous glands. 
Steatite (ste'at-it) [Gr. arearir^s]- Same as tal- 
cum. 
Steatitis (ste-at-i'tis) [Gr. areap fat + -iris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of adipose tissue. 
Steatocele (ste-at'o-sel) [Gr. areap fat + kIjXt) tu- 
mor]. A fatty mass formed within the scrotum. 
steatocryptosis (ste"at-o-krip-to'sis) [Gr. areap 
fat + Kpvirrr) crypt]. Disorder of the function of 
the sebaceous glands. 
Steatogenous (ste-at-oj'en-us) [Gr. areap fat + 
.yevvdv to produce]. Causing steatosis. 
Steatolysis (ste-at-ol'is-is) [Gr. areap fat + Xbats 
loosing]. The emulsifying process fats undergo 
preparatory to absorption. 
steatolytic (ste"at-o-lit'ik). Pertaining to or per- 
forming steatolysis. 
Steatoma (ste-at-o'mah) [Gr. areap fat + -wpa 
tumor]. 1. A sebaceous cyst. 2. Same as lipoma. 
steatopathy (ste-at-op'ath-e) [Gr. areap fat + 
Traces disease]. Disease of the sebaceous glands, 
steatopyga, steatopygia (ste"at-o-pi'gah, ste"- 
at-o-pij'e-ah) [Gr. areap fat + Trvyi? buttock]. Ex- 
cessive fatness of the buttocks; Hottentot de- 
formity. 
steatopygous (ste-at-op'ig-us). Characterized by 
excessive fatness of the buttocks. 
steatorrhea, steatorrheea (ste"at-or-e'ah) [Gr. 
areap fat + pola a flow]. 1. Same as seborrhea. 
2. The presence of an excess of fat in the stools. 
Steatosis (ste-at-o'sis) [Gr. areap fat]. 1. Fatty 
degeneration. 2. Disease of the sebaceous glands. 
Steatozobn (ste"at-o-zo'on) [Gr. areap fat + ZQov 
animal]. Same as Demodex folliculorum. 
Stechiology (ste-ke-ol'o-je) [Gr. aroix^ov element 
+ Xbyos treatise]. The science of elements, es- 
pecially that branch of physiology which treats of 
the elementary cells of tissues. 
stechiometry, stoechiometry (ste-ke-om'et-re) 
[Gr. aroix^ov element + perpov measure]. The 
measurement or estimation of the proportion in 
which elements combine to form compounds. 
Steel (stel). A tough and elastic form of iron, 
usually containing a small percentage of carbon, 
tincture of s., tinctura ferri chloridi. wine of 
S., vinum ferri. 
Stege (ste'je) [Gr. areyos roof]. The internal layer 
of the rods of Corti. 
Stegmonth (steg'munth) [Gr. areyeiv to conceal + 
month]. The period (usually a month) between 
childbirth and perfect recovery. 
stegnosis (steg-no'sis) [Gr. areyrwais stoppage]. 
Constriction; stenosis. 
stegnotic (steg-not'ik). Relating to stegnosis; 
astringent. 
Stegomyia (ste-go-mi'e-ah). A genus of the 
Culicidse (mosquitos) found in the southern 
United States and in the tropics. They are small, 
marked with silvery white, and the head is covered 
with broad, flat scales. The female has short four- 
jointed palpi and the male has long five-jointed 
ones. S. argen'tens. See 5. calopus. S. 
calopus, the species which transmits yellow fever. 
S. fascia'tus. See 5. calopus. S. scutelie 
ris, a species which transmits Filaria bancrofti. 
Stein's test (stinz) [Stanislav Aleksandr Fyodo- 
rovich von Stein, Russian otologist, born 1855]. 
See under tests. 
Steinach's method or operation (sti'nahks) 
[Eugen Steinach, Austrian physician, born 1861]. 
See under operation. 
Stellaria (stel-a're-ah). A genus of caryophylla- 
ceous plants: the chickweeds. 5. holos'tea and 
S. me'dia were formerly used as demulcent medi- 
cines. 
stellate (stel'at) [L. stella'tus], Shaped like a star, 
or like stars; arranged in a roset, or in rosets. 
stellite (stel'it). A very hard, non-corrosive alloy 
of cobalt, chromium, and tungsten used for sur- 
gical instruments. 
stellulse vasculosse winslowii (stel'u-le vas-ku- 
lo'se winz-lo'e-i). See Winslow's stars, under star. 
s. verhey'enii. See stars of Verheyen, under 
star. 
Stellwag's sign (stel'wagz) [Carl Stellwag von 
Carion, Austrian oculist, 1823-1904]. See sign. 
Stender dish (sten'der) [Wilhelm P. Stender, manu- 
facturer in Leipsic]. A dish of various forms and 
sizes used in preparing and staining histologic 
specimens. 
Stenion (sten'e-on), pl. sten'ia [Gr. arevbs narrow]. 
A craniometric point situated at each end of the 
smallest transverse diameter in the temporal 
region. 
Steno- [Gr. arevbs narrow]. A prefix signifying 
contracted or narrow. 
Steno's duct (ste'noz). See duct. 
Stenobregmate (sten-o-breg'mat) [Gr. arevbs nar- 
row + (dpeypa bregma]. Having the upper and 
anterior portion of the head narrowed. 
stenobregmatic (sten"o-breg-mat'ik). Stenobreg- 
mate. 
Stenocardia (sten-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. arevbs narrow 
+ Kapbla heart]. Same as angina pectoris. 
Stenocarpin (sten-o-kar'pin). A proprietaty mix- 
ture containing cocain hydrochlorid, salicylic acid, 
and atropin sulphate. 
stenocephalia, stenocephaly (sten"o-sef-a'le- 
ah, -sef'al-e) [Gr. arevbs narrow + Ke^aXij head]. 
Excessive narrowness of the head. 
stenocephalous (sten-o-sef'al-us) [see stenoceph- 
aly]. Having a narrow head. 
Stenochoria (sten-o-ko're-ah) [Gr. arevbs narrow 
+ xwpos space]. Stenosis, or narrowing. 
stenocompressor (sten"o-kom-pres'or). An in- 
strument for closing the opening of Stenson's duct 
during dental operations. 
stenocoriasis (sten"o-ko-ri'as-is) [Gr. arevbs nar- 
row + Kopr) pupil]. Contraction of the pupil of 
the eye. 
stenocrotaphia, stenocrotaphy (sten"o-kro- 
ta'fe-ah, sten-o-krot'af-e) [Gr. arevbs narrow + 
Kpbratpos temple]. Narrowness of the temporal 
region. 
Stenol (ste'nol). A mixture of equal parts of caf- 
fein and theobromin: used in gastric insufficiency, 
cardiac palpitation, etc. 
stenopeic, stenopseic (sten-o-pe'ik) [Gr. arevbs STENOSAL 
narrow + bmp opening]. Containing a narrow 
slit or opening. 
Stenosal (ste-no'sal). Caused by or pertaining to 
stenosis. 
stenosed (ste-nozd'). Affected with stenosis or 
constriction. 
Stenosin (sten'o-sin). See arrhenal. 
stenosis (sten-o'sis) [Gr. artpua is]. Narrowing or 
stricture of a duct or canal, aortic s., a nar- 
rowing of the aortic orifice of the heart or of the 
aorta itself, cardiac s., a narrowing or diminu- 
tion of any heart passage or cavity, cicatricial 
s., stenosis caused by the contraction or shriv- 
eling of a cicatrix. Dittrich's s., stenosis of 
the conus arteriosus, granulation s., stenosis 
or narrowing caused by the deposit of granula- 
tions or by their contraction, mitral s., a nar- 
rowing. of the left auriculoventricular orifice, 
postdiphtheritic s., stenosis of the larynx or 
trachea following diphtheria, pulmonary s., 
narrowing of the opening between the pulmonary 
artery and the right ventricle, pyloric s., hyper- 
trophic obstruction of the pyloric orifice of the 
stomach, usually congenital (H. Beardsley, 1788). 
stenostegnosis (sten"o-steg-no'sis). Stricture of 
Stenson's duct. 
stenostenosis (ste"no-sten-o'sis) [Stenson's duct + 
Gr. arepcoais narrowing]. Stenosis or constriction 
of Stenson's duct. 
Btenostomia (sten-o-sto'me-ah) [Gr. arepbs narrow 
+ arbpa mouth]. Narrowing of the mouth. 
Stenothermal, stenothermic (sten-o-ther'mal, 
-mik) [Gr. arepos narrow + 6eppp heat]. Able 
to withstand only a small range of temperature. 
Stenothorax (sten-o-tho'raks) [Gr. arepbs narrow 
+ O&pal- chest]. Abnormal narrowness of the chest. 
Stenotic (sten-Qt'ik) [Gr. areporps narrowness]. 
Affected with stenosis or abnormal narrowness. 
Stenson's duct (sten'sonz) [Niels Stenson, Danish 
anatomist, 1638-1686]. See duct. S's experi- 
ment, the experiment of cutting off the blood- 
supply from the lumbar region of the spinal cord 
of an animal by compressing the abdominal aorta: 
it produces paralysis of the posterior parts of the 
body. S's foramen. See foramen. 
Stentorin (sten'to-rin). A blue pigment from pro- 
tozoans of the genus Sientor. 
stephanial (stef-a'ne-al). Pertaining to the steph- 
anion. 
Stephanion (stef-a'ne-on) [Gr. are^apos crown]. 
The point at the intersection of the temporal ridge 
and the cranial suture. 
Stephenson's wave (ste'ven-sons) [William Ste- 
phenson, Scotch obstetrician, 1837-1908]. See wave. 
Steppage (step'aj). The peculiar gait character- 
istic of peripheral neuritis with diabetic tabes. 
steps, Krbnig's. Extension of the lower part of 
the right edge of cardiac dulness in a step-like form: 
seen in hypertrophy of the right heart. 
Stercobilin (ster-ko-bi'lin) [L. ster'cus dung + 
bilin]. Hydrobilirubin occurring in the feces and 
derived from the bile. It is a reduced form of 
bilirubin. 
Stercoraceous (ster-ko-ra'shus) [L. stercora'ceus]. 
Consisting of or containing feces: fecal. 
Stercoral (ster'ko-ral) [L. ster'cus dung], Sterco- 
raceous, or fecal. 
Stercoremia (ster-ko-re'me-ah) [L. ster'cus dung + 
Gr. alpa blood]. A toxic state occasioned by poi- 
sons absorbed from unexpelled feces. 
Stercorin (ster'ko-rin) [L. ster'cus dung]. A crys- 
tallizable sterol, C27H48O, resembling cholesterin, 
extracted from the feces. 
Stercorolith (ster'ko-ro-lith) [L. ster'cus dung + Gr. 
XiOos stone]. Same as fecalith. 
Stercorous (ster'ko-rus) [L. stercoro'sus]. Of the 
nature of excrement. 
Sterculia (ster-ku'le-ah) [L. Stercu'lius the god of 
1059 
dung], A genus of trees and shrubs, including 
many species, mostly tropical: some have edible 
seeds and others are medicinal, while still others 
afford a gum resembling tragacanth. 
stercus (ster'kus). Latin for dung or feces. 
Stere (ster) [Gr. arepeos solid]. Same as kiloliter. 
Stereo- [Gr. arepeos solid]. A prefix signifying 
solid. 
stereo-agnosis (ste"re-o-ag-no'sis). Same as as- 
tereognosis. 
stereo-arthrolysis (ste"re-o-ar-throl'is-is) [Gr. 
arepebs solid + apdpop joint + Xvats loosening]. 
Operative formation of a movable new joint in 
cases of bony ankylosis. 
stereo-auscultation (ste"re-o-aws-kul-ta'shun) 
[Gr. arepebs solid + auscultation]. Auscultation 
by means of two phonendoscopes each on different 
parts of the chest. One tube of each instrument is 
placed in the ears, the other tube of each being 
closed with the fingers. 
stereochemic (ste"re-o-kem'ik). Pertaining to 
stereochemistry, or the space relations of the 
atoms of a molecule. 
Stereochemistry (ste"re-o-kem'is-tre). That 
chemic theory which supposes an arrangement of 
the atoms of certain molecules in three dimen- 
sional spaces; that branch of chemistry which 
treats of the space relations between atoms. 
stereocognosy (ster-e-o-kog'no-se). Same as ster- 
eo gnosis. 
stereofluoroscopy (ste"re-o-flu-o-ros'ko-pe). Ster- 
eoscopic fluoroscopy. 
stereognosis (ste"re-og-no'sis) [Gr. arepeos solid + 
yp&ais knowledge], i. The faculty of recognizing 
the nature of objects by handling them. 2. Per- 
ception by the senses of the solidity of objects. 
stereognostic (ste"re-og-nos'tik). Of or pertain- 
ing to stereognosis. 
stereograph (ste're-o-graf). A stereoscopic radio- 
graph. 
stereo-isomer (ste"re-o-i'so-mer). A compound in 
which the molecule contains the same number and 
variety of atoms as another, but in which the 
spatial arrangement of the atoms is different. 
stereo-isomerism (ste"re-o-i-som'er-izm). Stereo- 
chemic isomerism. 
stereometer (ste-re-om'et-er) [Gr. arepeos solid 
+ perpop measure]. An instrument for perform- 
ing stereometry. 
stereometry (ste-re-om'et-re) [Gr. arepeos solid + 
perpop measure]. The measurement of the cubic 
or solid contents of a solid body, or of the capacity 
of a hollow space. 
stereophantoscope (ste"re-o-fan'to-skop) [Gr. 
arepeos solid + tpapros visible + aKoirelp to view], 
A large stereoscopic machine with rotating disks 
in the place of pictures. 
Stereophoroscope (ste"re-o-for'o-skop) [Gr. arep- 
ebs solid + <popbs bearing + aKoirecp to view]. A 
form of zobtrope, employed in the study of visual 
perception. 
stereophotography (ste"re-o-fo-tog'raf-e) [Gr. 
arepeos solid + photography]. Stereoscopic pho- 
tography. 
stereophotomicrograph (ste"re-o-fo-to-mi'kro- 
graf). A stereoscopic photograph of a microscopic 
subject. 
Stereoplasm (ste're-o-plazm) [Gr. arepebs solid + 
rrXaapa plasma]. The more solid portions of pro- 
toplasm. 
stereopsis (ste-re-op'sis) [Gr. arepebs solid -f- 6^ts 
vision]. Stereoscopic vision. See vision. 
stereoroentgenograph (ste"re-o-rent-gen'o-graf). 
A stereoscopic x-ray picture. 
Stereoscope (ste're-o-skop) [Gr. arepebs solid + 
aKoireip to see]. An instrument for producing the 
appearance of solidity and relief by combining the 
images of two different objects. 
STEREOSCOPE STEREOSCOPIC 
1060 
STERNUTATION 
Stereoscopic (ste"re-o-skop'ik). Having the effect 
of a stereoscope: giving to objects seen a solid ap- 
pearance. 
stereoskiagraphy (ste"re-o-ski-ag'raf-e). The 
making of a stereoscopic photograph by the Ront- 
gen rays- 
stereotropic (ste"re-o-trop'ik). Marked by stereo- 
tropism. 
stereotropism (ste-re-ot'ro-pizm) [Gr. arepebs 
solid + rpbiros turning]. The movement of an 
organism brought about by contact with a foreign 
. body. 
Stereotypy (ste're-o-ti-pe). Persistence of a single 
idea or line of thought in the insane. 
steresol (ste'res-ol). An antiseptic varnish pre- 
, pared from balsam of Tolu, benzoin, oil of cin- 
H ,,nanion, carbolic acid, and saccharin dissolved in 
/ alcohol; used in treating diphtheria and skin 
diseases. 
Steric (ste'rik) [Gr. arepebs solid]. Pertaining to 
the arrangement of atoms in space. 
Steriform chlorid (ste'rif-orm). A proprietary 
antiseptic and digestant mixture of formaldehyd, 
5 parts; pepsin, 20 parts; ammonium chlorid, 10 
, parts; and lactose, 65 parts. S. iodid, the same 
as the chlorid, except that the ammonium chlorid 
is replaced by ammonium iodid. 
Sterigma (ste-rig'mah), pl. sterigmata [Gr. ar-q- 
piypa support]. Any one of the radially arranged 
outgrowths crowded together on the upper half of 
the sphere into which the conidia bearers of an 
aspergillus expand. 
Sterigmocystis, Sterigmatocystis (ste-rig-mo- 
sis'tis, ste-rig"mat-o-sis'tis). A genus of mold 
resembling Aspergillus except that secondary 
phialides project from each primary phialide. 
sterile (ster'Il) [L. ster'ilis]. 1. Not fertile; infertile; 
barren; not producing young. 2. Aseptic; not pro- 
ducing microorganisms; free from microorganisms. 
Sterility (ster-il'it-e) [L. steril'itas], Barrenness; 
inability to produce young, one-child S., ster- 
ility after having borne one child. 
Sterilization (ster"il-iz-a'shun). 1. The act or 
process of rendering sterile; the process of freeing 
from all germs. It is usually performed by means 
of heat. Sterilization differs from disinfection in 
that it calls for the destruction of all bacterial 
life, while disinfection is not necessarily the de- 
struction of all bacteria, but only of those that are 
infectious. 2. Any procedure by which an in- 
dividual is made incapable of reproduction, frac- 
tional s., intermittent s., sterilization in 
which some time is permitted to elapse between 
the heatings. This is done so as to allow spores 
to develop into adult forms, which are more easily 
destroyed than the spores. 
Sterilize (ster'il-iz). To render sterile; to free from 
septic germs. 
Sterilizer (ster'il-i-zer). A mechanism used in 
sterilizing substances. Arnold S., an apparatus 
for sterilizing objects by means of live steam at 
atmospheric pressure. 
sterisol, steriosol (ster'is-ol, ster'e-o-sol). For- 
maldehyd, sodium phosphate, etc., in a solution of 
milk-sugar: an antiseptic. 
Sternad (steFnad). Toward the sternal surface or 
aspect. 
Sternal (ster'nal) [L. sterna'Us]. Pertaining to the 
sternum. 
Sternalgia (ster-nal'je-ah) [Gr. arepvov sternum + 
a\yos pain]. Pain in the sternum; angina pec- 
toris. i 
sternalis (ster-na'lis), See in table of muscles, under 
muscle. 
Sternbergia lutea (stern-ber'je-ah lu'te-ah). An 
, amaryllidaceous plant of Asia: the bulb is locally 
Used in preparing epithems for indolent ulcers. 
sternebra (ster'neb-rah), pl. sterne'brce [sternum + 
vertebra]. A sternal vertebra; any one of the seg- 
ments of the sternum. 
sternen (steFnen). Pertaining to the sternum in 
itself. 
sternochondroscapularis (ster"no-kon"dro- 
skap-u-la'ris) [Gr. arepvov sternum -j- xbvbpos car- 
tilage -|- scapularis]. An occasional muscle arising 
from the sternum and the first costal cartilage and 
running to the superior border of the scapula. 
Sternoclavicular (ster"no-kla-vik'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the sternum and clavicle. 
sternoclavicularis (steF'no-klav-ik-u-la'ris). An 
occasional muscle in man. S. anti'cus, one 
arising from the sternum, near the attachment of 
the sternomastoid, and inserted upon the anterior 
surface of the clavicle. S. posti'cus, a slip pass- 
ing from the inner end of the manubrium to the 
clavicle behind the joint, s. supe'rior, one 
arising from the sternum above the sternoclavicu- 
laris anticus and running to the clavicle. 
Sternocleidal (ster-no-kli'dal) [Gr. arepvov sternum 
+ KXels key]. Same as sternoclavicular. 
sternoc le idomasto id (ster"no-kli-do-mas'toid). 
See muscles, table of. 
sternocostal (ster-no-kos'tal) {sternum 4- L. co/- 
ta rib]. Pertaining to the sternum and ribs. 
sternodymia (ster-no-dim'e-ah) [Gr. arepvov ster- 
num + blbvpos twin]. The union of two monster- 
fetuses by the anterior wall of the chest. 
sternodymus (ster-nod'im-us) [Gr. arepvov sternum 
+ bibvpos twin]. A pair of twin monsters united 
by the anterior wall of the chest. 
sternodynia (ster-no-din'e-ah). Same as sternalgia. 
sternofacialis (ster"no-fa-se-a'lis) [L.]. See mus- 
cles, table of. 
sternoglossal (ster-no-glos'al). Pertaining to the 
sternum and the tongue. 
sternogoniometer (ster"no-go-ne-om'et-er). An 
instrument for measuring the sternal angle. 
Sternohyoid (ster-no-hi'oid). Pertaining to the 
sternum and to the hyoid bone. See muscles, 
table of. 
sternoid (ster'noid). Resembling the sternum. 
sternomastoid (ster-no-mas'toid). Pertaining to 
the sternum and the mastoid process of the tem- 
poral bone. See also sternocleidomastoid, in muscles, 
table of. 
sternopagia (ster-no-pa'je-ah). Same as sterno- 
dymia. 
sternopagus (stern-op'ag-us) [Gr. arepvov sternum 
+ it ay os fixed]. Same as sternodymus. 
sternopericardial (ster"no-per-ik-ar'de-al). Per- 
taining to the sternum and the pericardium. 
sternoscapular (ster"no-skap'u-lar). Pertaining 
to the sternum and the scapula. 
sternothyroid (ster-no-thi'roid). Pertaining to 
the sternum and to the thyroid cartilage or gland. 
See muscles, table of. 
sternotracheal (ster-no-tra'ke-al) [Gr. arepvov 
sternum + trachea]. Pertaining to the sternum 
and to the trachea. 
sternotrypesis (ster"no-tri-pe'sis) [Gr. arepvov 
sternum + rphirriais trephination]. Surgical per- 
foration of the sternum. 
sternovertebral (ster-no-veFte-bral). See rib. 
Stern's position or posture (sternz) [Heinrich 
Stern, contemporary physician in New York], See 
position. 
sternum (ster'num) [L.; Gr. arepvov]. The breast- 
bone; the narrow, flat bone in the median Une 
of the thorax in front. It consists of three portions, 
distinguished as the manubrium, the gladiolus, and 
the ensiform or xiphoid appendix, cleft S., con- 
genital fissure of the sternum. 
sternutatio convulsiva (ster-nu-ta'she-o kon-vul- 
si'vah) [LJ. Paroxysmal and convulsive sneezing. 
Sternutation (ster-nu-ta'shun) [L. sternuta'tio]. 
The act of sneezing; a sneeze. STERNUTATOR 
1061 
STIGMATISM 
sternutator (ster'nu-ta-tor). A gas that causes 
sneezing. 
Sternutatory (ster-nu'ta-tor-e). 1. [L. sternutato'- 
rius.] Producing or causing sneezing; errhine. 
2. [L. sternutato'rium} * An agent that causes 
sneezing; an errhine. 
Sternzellen (stern'tsel-en) German for "star 
cells." See Kupfer's cells, under cell. 
sterol (ste'rol). A solid alcohol. 
Sterolin (ster'o-lin). A proprietary preparation for 
sterilizing the skin, containing Peruvian balsam, 
castor oil, Venice turpentine, glycerin in alcohol. 
Stertor (ster'tor) [L.]. An act of snoring; ster- 
torous or sonorous breathing, hen-cluck s., a 
respiration sound like a hen's cluck in cases of post- 
pharyngeal abscess. 
stertorous (ster'to-rus). Characterized by stertor. 
sterule (stePul). A glass capsule containing a 
sterile solution. 
stetharteritis (steth-ar-ter-i'tis) [Gr. ar^Bos chest 
+ arteritis]. Inflammation of the arteries of the 
chest. 
stethemia (steth-e'me-ah) [Gr. arrjBos chest + al pa 
blood]. Congestion of the lungs. 
stethendoscope (steth-en'do-skop) [Gr. arrjBos 
chest + evbov within fl- crieoireiv to see]. A fluoro- 
scope used in examination of the chest by x-rays. 
Stethocyrtograph (steth-o-ser'to-graf). See stetho- 
kyrtograph. 
Stethogoniometer (steth"o-go-ne-om'et-er) [Gr. 
arrjBos chest + yeovla angle + perpov measure]. 
An apparatus for measuring the curvature of the 
chest. 
stethograph (steth'o-graO [Gr. arrjBos chest + 
ypaepeiv to write]. An instrument for recording 
movements of the chest. 
Stethokyrtograph (steth-o-kir'to-graf) [Gr. arrjBos 
chest + levpros bent + ypaipecv to record]. An in- 
strument for recording and measuring the curves 
of the chest. 
Stethomenia (steth-o-me'ne-ah) [Gr. arrjBas chest 
+ pr)i> month]. Vicarious menstruation into the 
bronchial tubes. 
stethometer (steth-om'et-er) [Gr. arrjBos chest + 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the circular dimension or expansion of the chest or 
of the abdomen. 
stethomyitis (steth"o-mi-i'tis) [Gr. arrjBos chest + 
pvs muscle -|-iris inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the muscles of the chest. 
stethomyositis (steth"o-mi-o-si'tis). Stethomyi- 
tis. 
stethoparalysis (steth''o-par-al'is-is) [Gr. arrjBos 
chest + paralysis]. Paralysis of the chest mus- 
cles. 
stethophone (steth'o-fon) [Gr. arrjBos chest + 
epov-i] voice]. A term proposed as a more accurate 
word for stethoscope. 
stethophonometer (steth"o-fo-nom'et-er) [Gr. 
arrjBos chest + <pwvq voice + uerpov measure]. An 
instrument for measuring the intensity of auscul- 
tatory sounds. 
stethopolyscope (steth-o-pol'is-kbp) [Gr. arrjBos 
chest + ttoXvs many + aKorreiv to examine]. A 
stethoscope for the simultaneous use of several 
persons. 
Stethoscope (steth'o-skop) [Gr. arrjBos chest + 
aKorreev to inspect]. An instrument of various 
form, size, and material for performing mediate 
auscultation. By means of this instrument the res- 
piratory, cardiac, pleural, arterial, venous, uterine, 
fetal, intestinal, and other sounds are conveyed 
to the ear of the observer, binaural s., one with 
two adjustable branches, designed for use with 
both ears, differential s., one by means of 
which sounds at two different portions of the body 
may be compared. 
stethoscopic (steth-o-skop'ik). Pertaining- to or 
performed by means of the stethoscope. 
stethoscopy (steth-os'ko-pe). Examination by 
means of the stethoscope. 
stethospasm (steth'o-spazm) [Gr. arfjBos breast + 
spasm]. Spasm of the chest muscles. 
Stewart's purple, solution (stew'arts) [Douglas 
Hunt Stewart, New York surgeon, born i860]. See 
purple and solution. 
sthenia (sthe'ne-ah). A conditon of seeming 
strength and activity. 
Sthenic (sthen'ik) [L. sthen'icus; Gr. oBevos strength]. 
Active; strong. See J ever. 
sthenometer (sthen-om'et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the muscular strength of a part. 
Sthenometry (sthen-om'et-re) [Gr. aBevos strength 
+ perpov measure]. The measurement of bodily 
strength. 
sthenopyra (sthen-o-pi'rah) [Gr. aBevos strength + 
irvp fire]. Sthenic fever. 
stibenyl (stib'en-il). The acetyl-aminophenyl salt 
of antimony: used in the treatment of trypano- 
somiasis and kala-azar. 
stibialism (stib'e-al-izm) [L. stibium, antimony] 
Poisoning with antimony. 
stibiated (stib'e-a-ted) [L. stibia'tus]. Containing 
antimony. 
stibiation (stib-e-a'shun) [L. stib'ium antimony]. 
Administration of antimonials in large quantities; 
treatment by bringing the patient under the full 
influence of antimony. 
Stibine (stib'ln). Antimoniureted hydrogen, 
stibium (stib'e-um). Latin for antimony. 
stibonium (stib-o'ne-um). The radical SbH4. 
stichochrome (sti'ko-krom) [Gr. arixos row + 
XP&pa color]. Any nerve-cell having the stain- 
able substance (chromophilic bodies) arranged in 
more or less regular stria; or layers. 
Sticker's disease [G. Sticker, German physician 
born i860]. Erythema infectiosum. 
Sticking plas'ter (stik'ing). See plaster, adhesive. 
Sticta (stik'tah) [Gr. ar verbs pricked]. 1. A genus 
of lichens; lungwort. 2. A homeopathic prepara- 
tion of Stic'ta pulmona'ria. 
Stiff-neck fever (stif'nek). Epidemic cerebrospi- 
nal meningitis. See meningitis. 
stifle-bone (sti'fel). The patella of the horse. 
Stifle-joint (sti'fel). The femorotibial joint of the 
horse. 
Stigma (stig'mah), pl. stig'mata [Gr. ar'ey pa mark]. 
1. A spot, dot, or impression upon the skin. 2. Any 
space between the cells of the endothelium of a 
capillary. 3. Any readily stainable area in the epi- 
thelium at the points of union of groups of cells. 4. 
That part of the pistil of a flower which receives 
the pollen, bakers' s., lumps on the backs of 
the fingers of bakers, produced by kneading dough, 
costal S. Same as Stiller's sign. See under sign. 
s. of degeneracy, any of the bodily abnormali- 
ties which are found in considerable number in 
degenerate persons. Giuffrida-Ruggieri s., 
abnormal shallowness of the glenoid fossa, hys- 
teric S., bodily marks or signs characteristic of 
hysteria, malpighian s., the points where the 
smaller veins enter into the larger veins of the 
spleen, psychic S., mental conditions marked 
by susceptibility to suggestion, somatic s., the 
bodily signs of certain nervous diseases. 
stigmal (stig'mal). Pertaining to a stigma. 
stigmasterol fstig-mas'te-rol). A sterol, C30H48O, 
from cacao-butter. 
stigmata (stig'mat-ah). The plural of stigma, s. 
ma'ydis, the silk or stigmata of maize; corn-silk: 
a diuretic. See Zea. 
stigmatic (stig-mat'ik). Pertaining to a stigma. 
stigmatism (stig'mat-izm). The condition due to 
or marked by stigmata. STIGMATIZATION 
1062 
STOKES' REAGENT 
Stigmatization (stig"mat-iz-a'shun). 1. The for- 
mation of impressions on the skin. 2. The for- 
mation of bleeding points or of red lines upon the 
skin by hypnotic suggestion. 
stigmatodermia (stig"mat-o-der'me-ah) [Gr. 
artypa mark + Seppa skin]. Any morbid state of 
the prickle layer of the skin. 
stigmatometer (stig-mat-om'et-er). An instru- 
ment for testing the refraction of the eye by the ob- 
jective method and for direct ophthalmoscopy. 
stigmatosis (stig-mat-o'sis) [Gr. ariypa a spot]. A 
skin disease marked by ulcerated spots. 
stijfziekte (stef-zek'te) [Dutch]. A disease of the 
joints of young cattle in South Africa. 
stilet, stilette (sti-let') [Fr. stilelte]. 1. A delicate 
probe. 2. A wire used to stiffen or clear a catheter. 
still (sti'li). Plural of stilus. See stylus. 
Stillbirth (stil'berth). The birth of a dead fetus. 
Stiller's sign, theory (stil'erz) [Berthold Stiller, 
physician in Budapest]. See sign and theory. 
Stillicidium (stil-is-id'e-um) [L. stil'la drop + 
ca'dere to fall]. 1. A dribbling or flowing by drops. 
2. Epiphora, s. lacrima'rum, epiphora, s. 
na'rium, coryza, s. uri'nae, strangury. 
Stilligout (stil-e-gowt') [Fr.; L. stilla're to let fall 
+ gut'ta drop]. A form of dropper. 
Stillingia (stil-in'je-ah) [after B. Stillingfleet]. K 
genus of euphorbiaceous trees, shrubs, and herbs. 
The root of 5. sylvat'ica, a plant of North America, 
is sialogogue and diuretic, and is used in syphilis, 
tuberculosis, and skin diseases.. Dose of tincture 
or fluidextract, 10-60 min. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
Stillingin (stil-in'jin). 1. An alkaloid from Stillin'- 
gia sylvat'ica. 2. A concentration prepared from Stil- 
lin'gia sylvat'ica. Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.066-0.266 gm.). 
Stilling's canal, cells, nucleus, raphe, etc. 
(stil'ingz) [Benedict Stilling, German anatomist, 
1810-1879]. See the nouns. 
Still's disease [George Frederic Still, English 
physician, born 1868]. See disease. 
Stilus (sti'lus), pl. sti'li. See stylus. 
Stimulant (stim'u-lant) [L. stim'ulans]. 1. Pro- 
ducing stimulation. 2. An agent or remedy that 
produces stimulation, alcoholic s., one of which 
ethylic alcohol is the basis, such as wine, brandy, 
whisky, and malt liquors, bronchial S., a stim- 
ulating expectorant: the chief ones are ammo- 
nium carbonate, belladonna, senega, strychnin, 
Calabar bean, caffein, and the emetics, cardiac 
S., one which increases the heart's action: such 
are ammonia, belladonna, digitalis, ether, stro- 
phanthus, and strychnin, cerebral S., one which 
exalts the functional activities of the brain: the 
principal are alcohol, caffein, ether, opium, strych- 
nin, and phosphorus, cutaneous S., a dia- 
phoretic agent which acts by stimulating the 
skin: as alcohol, ammonia, cold baths, hot drinks, 
etc. diffusible S., one which acts promptly and 
strongly, but transiently: the principal are am- 
monia, ether, musk, and sumbul. gastric s., 
stomachic s., one which promotes the digestion 
of food in the stomach, like alcohol and the 
pungent aromatics, general s., one which acts 
upon the whole body: such are the alcoholic and 
diffusible stimulants, genital s., an aphrodisiac: 
here belong cantharides, phosphorus, etc. he- 
patic S., one which arouses the functions of the 
liver: the chief of these are blue mass, calomel, 
jalap, iris, aloes, podophyllin, colocynth, rhubarb, 
sodium phosphate, and leptandra. intestinal s., 
a cathartic agent: a large class, including colo- 
cynth, croton oil, elaterium, scammony, etc. 
local s., one which affects that part only, or 
mainly, to which it is applied: like mustard, 
chloral hydrate, chloroform, oil of turpentine, 
nervous S., one which acts mainly upon the 
nerve-centers: a cerebral or spinal stimulant, 
renal s., a stimulating diuretic: the principal 
are colchicum, cantharides, turpentine, and jun- 
iper oil. respiratory s., one which increases 
the respiratory movements: the chief are ammonia, 
arsenic, belladonna, and strychnin, spinal s., 
one which acts upon and through the spinal cord: 
strychnin and caffein are examples, topical s. 
Same as local s. uterine s., an ecbolic or em- 
menagogue: such are ergot, digitalis, rue, sabin, 
tansy, apiol, etc. vascular s., vasomotor s., 
one which appeals to the vasomotor centers: of 
this class are ammonia, ergot, strychnin, opium, 
and belladonna. 
stimulate (stim'u-lat) [L. stimu'lare]. To excite 
to functional activity. 
stimulation (stim-u-la'shun) [L. stimula' tio\. The 
act or process of stimulating; the condition of 
being stimulated, areal S., stimulation of an 
extended portion of a sense-organ, punctual s., 
stimulation of a sense-organ at a single point. 
stimulin (stim'u-lin). A name given by Metch- 
nikoff to the protective element in the blood- 
serum that produces immunity by stimulating the 
action of phagocytes. 
stimulus (stim'u-lus), pl. stim'uli [L. " goad "]. 
Any agent, act, or influence that produces func- 
tional or trophic reaction in an irritable tissue, 
adequate s., one that acts specifically upon the 
end-organs only, as light upon the retina. Called 
also homologous s. chemic s., one which in- 
duces a chemic change in a tissue: for example, 
nitric acid or silver nitrate locally applied, elec- 
tric S., a galvanic, induced, or other electric 
current or shock, as applied to a responsive tissue, 
heterologous s., one which produces an effect or 
sensation when applied to any part whatever of a 
nerve-tract, heterotopic s., a stimulus to 
heart contraction arising somewhere else than in 
the Keith-Flack node, the normal pacemaker of the 
heart, homologous s. See adequate s. me- 
chanic S., a stimulant application of mechanic 
force, as in friction or pinching, nomotopic S., 
a stimulus to heart contraction arising in the 
Keith-Flack node, thermal s., application of 
heat. 
Stipa virid'ula (sti'pah). A grass of the south- 
western United States, called sleepy-grass: poisonous 
to cattle and horses; said to be a powerful narcotic, 
diuretic, sudorific, and cardiac poison. 
Stippling (stip'ling). A spotted condition or ap- 
pearance; especially-(a) an appearance of the 
retina as if dotted with light and dark points; 
(b) the spotted appearance of red blood-corpuscles 
in granular degeneration. 
Stirpiculture (ster'pik-ult-ur) [L. stirps stock + 
cultu'ra culture]. The systematic attempt at 
improving a stock or race by attention to the 
laws of breeding. 
stirrup, stirrup-bone (stir'up). The stapes. 
stitch (stitsh). i. See suture. 2. A sharp, stabbing 
pain. 3. To fasten with a needle and thread. 
stithe (stith). An old name for the incus. 
stizolobin (sti-zo-lo'bin). The globulin of the 
Chinese velvet bean. 
Stocking (stok'ing). Edema of a horse's leg. 
stoechiology, stoicheiology (stek-e-ol'o-je, stoi- 
ke-ol'o-je) [Gr. aroLxeiov element + \6yos law]. 
The physiology of the cellular elements of tissues. 
stoechiometry, stoicheiometry (stek-e-om'et-re, 
stoi-ke-om'et-re) [Gr. crroixeiop element + perpov 
measure]. The study of the numerical relation- 
ships of chemical elements and compounds and the 
mathematical laws of chemical changes; the mathe- 
matics of chemistry. 
Stoerk's blennorrhea (sterk) [Carl Stoerk, Aus- 
trian laryngologist, 1832-1899]. See blennorrhea. 
Stokes' disease, lens, sign, etc. (stoks) [1. 
William Stokes, Irish physician, 1804-1878. 2. 
English physicist, 1819-1903]. See disease, lens, 
sign, etc. 
Stokes' reagent (stoks) [William Royal Stokes, 
American pathologist, born 1870]. See reagent. STOKVIS' TEST 
1063 
STOMATOMENIA 
Stokvis' test (stok'vis) [Barend J. E. Stokvis, 
Dutch physician, born 1834]. See under tests. 
Stoltz's operation (stoltz) [Joseph Stoltz, French 
gynecologist, 1803-1896]. See operation. 
stoma (sto'mah), pl. sto'mata [Gr. arbpa mouth]. 
Any minute pore, orifice, or opening on a free 
surface; specifically, one of the openings (stigma, 
or pseudostoma) between epithelial cells of a 
lymph-space, forming a means of communication 
between adjacent lymph-channels. 
stomacace (sto-mak'as-e) [Gr. aro/za mouth + 
Kaier) badness]. Ulcerative stomatitis. 
Stomach (stum'ak) [L. stom'achus: Gr. aropaxos]- 
The ovoid, musculomembranous digestive pouch 
below the esophagus. The end which connects 
with the esophagus is the cardiac end, and that 
nearest the pylorus is the pyloric end, or pylorus. 
The upper concave surface or edge is the lesser cur- 
vature; the lower convex edge is the greater cur- 
vature. The coats of the stomach are four: An 
outer, peritoneal, or serous coat; a muscular coat, 
made up of longitudinal, oblique, and circular 
fibers (the latter forming a pyloric sphincter); a 
submucous coat lined with a muscular layer, the 
muscularis mucosa; and the mucous coat or mem- 
brane forming the inner lining. The secretion of 
the stomach is the gastric juice, which contains 
pepsin, rennin, hydrochloric acid, etc. bilocular 
S., hour-glass stomach. 3.-bucket, a small 
bucket for lowering into the stomach and withdraw- 
ing some of its contents for examination, cardiac 
s., the fundus of the stomach, cascade s., an 
atypical form of hour-glass stomach, characterized 
roentgenologically by a drawing up of the posterior 
wall. An opaque medium first fills the upper sac 
and then cascades into the lower sac. corset-s., 
a displaced or deformed stomach due to pressure 
from tight or improper lacing of the corset. S.- 
COUgh, a cough excited by reflex irritation from 
the stomach, drain-trap s., water-trap stomach, 
hour-glass s., a stomach shaped somewhat like 
an hour-glass, on account of the formation of a band 
of exudation, leather-bottle s., severe hyper- 
trophy of the stomach-wall, usually with contrac- 
tion of the cavity of the organ. Cf. lienitis plastica. 
Pawlow's s., a portion of the stomach of a dog 
isolated from communication with the rest of the 
stomach and opening on to the abdominal wall 
through a fistula: used in studying gastric secretion, 
s.-pump, a pump for evacuating the contents of 
the stomach, s.-reefing, an operation for dilata- 
tion of the stomach, done by folding in the wall of 
the stomach and then suturing the fold. s.-tooth, 
one of the lower canine teeth of the first dentition, 
trifid s., a stomach with two constrictions, produc- 
ing three pouches. 3.-tube. 1. A siphon used in 
washing out the stomach. 2. A feeding-tube, 
wallet s., bag-like distention of the stomach, 
water-trap s., a stomach with an extremely high 
pylorus, so that it does not readily empty itself, 
stomachal (stum'ak-al). Pertaining to the stomach, 
stomachalgia (stum-ak-al'je-ah) [Gr. aropaxos 
stomach + aXyos pain]. Pain in the stomach. 
Stomachic (sto-mak'ik) [L. stomach'icus; Gr. aro- 
pax^bs]. 1. Pertaining to the stomach. 2. A 
medicine which promotes the functional activity 
of the stomach; a stomachic tonic. See tonic. 
stomachodynia (stom-ak-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. arbpa- 
Xos stomach + obvvtj pain]. Pain in the stomach, 
stomachosan (stom-ak 'o-san). A proprietary 
stomachic consisting of condurango and cinchona 
bark, valerian and gentian root, apd ginger. 
stomachoscopy (sto-mak-os'ko-pe) [Gr. aropaxos 
stomach + aKoireiv to view]. Examination of the 
stomach. 
stomach-reefing (stum'ak-re'fing). Gastroplica- 
tion. 
stomadeum (sto-mah-de'um). Same as stomodeum. 
stomalgia (sto-mal'je-ah). Stomatalgia. 
Stomalix (sto'mal-iks). A proprietary preparation 
for disorders of the stomach and intestines. 
stoman (sto'man). A preparation of formaldehyd 
with the maltose of malt extract, used as a local 
disinfectant for the mouth and throat. 
stomata (sto'mat-ah). Plural for stoma. 
Stoma tai (sto'mat-al). Pertaining to stomata. 
stomatalgia (sto-mat-al'je-ah) [Gr. arbpa mouth 
+ dXyos pain]. Pain in the mouth. 
stomatic (sto-mat'ik). Pertaining to the mouth. 
stomatitis (sto-mat-i'tis) [Gr. arb/jia mouth]. In- 
flammation of the mouth. It is usually attended 
by pain and salivation, and often by fetor of the 
breath, s. aphtho'sa, aphthous s., the 
formation of small superficial ulcers on the mucous 
membrane of the. mouth; aphthous stomatitis; 
canker, s. arsenica'lis, ulcerous stomatitis due 
to arsenical poisoning, catarrhal s., simple and 
uncomplicated inflammation and redness of the 
mouth, epidemic s., epizootic s. See foot- 
and-mouth disease, under disease, erythemato- 
pultaceous s., stomatitis marked by reddening 
of the mucous membrane, which is covered with a 
layer of thick, sticky matter: seen in uremia, 
s. exanthemat'ica, that which is secondary to 
the exanthemata. follicular S., stomatitis 
aphthosa. s. gangreno'sa, gangrenous s. 
Sameaswowu. s. herpet'ica. Same as aphthous 
s. s. hyphomycet'ica. Same as thrush, s. 
intertrop'ica, sprue. membranous s., 
stomatitis accompanied by the formation of false 
membrane, mercurial s., that which is due to 
mercurial poisoning. It is often accompanied by 
salivation, looseness of the teeth, and fetor of the 
breath, s. mycetogenet'ica, that which is 
due to the presence of some microscopic fungoid 
organism, mycotic s., thrush, parasitic s., 
thrush, s. pseudomembrano'sa, that which is 
due to diphtheria, tuberculosis, syphilis, or other 
like disease, s. scorbu'tica, that, which accom- 
panies scurvy. It is attended with soreness and 
swelling of the gums and fetid breath, s. sim'- 
plex, a non-exanthematous form of catarrhal 
stomatitis, syphilitic s., stomatitis due to 
systemic syphilis, s. traumat'ica, that which is 
due to some mechanic, thermal, or chemic cause, 
tropical s., sprue, ulcerative s., a form char- 
acterized by painful, shallow ulcers on the cheeks, 
tongue, and lips. It is attended with slight fever, 
fetid breath, salivation, and frequently prostra- 
tion. vesicular s., stomatitis aphthosa. 
stomatocace (sto-mat-ok'as-e) [Gr. a to pa. mouth 
+ kclkt] badness]. Ulcerative stomatitis. 
stomatodeum, stoma todseum (sto"mat-o-de'- 
um). Same as stomodetim. 
Stomatodynia (sto"mat-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. 
mouth + bbvvr) pain]. Pain in the mouth. 
stomatodysodia (sto"mat-o-dis-o'de-ah) [Gr. 
aropa. mouth + bvawbta stench]. A bad odor 
coming from the mouth. 
stomatogastric (sto"mat-o-gas'trik). Pertaining 
to the stomach and the mouth. 
stomatography (sto-mat-og'raf-e) [Gr. aTopa. 
mouth + ypaipetv to write]. A description of the 
mouth. 
Stomatol (sto'mat-ol). A proprietary antiseptic, 
said to be a solution, of terpinol, soap, and glycerin 
in alcohol and water. 
stomatologic, stomatological (sto-mat-o-loj'ik, 
sto-mat-o-loj'ik-al). Pertaining to stomatology. 
stomatologist (sto-mat-ol'o-jist). One learned in 
stomatology: a specialist in diseases of the mouth. 
stomatology (sto-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. aropa mouth + 
Xbyos treatise]. That branch of medicine which 
treats of the mouth and its diseases. 
stomatomalacia (sto"mat-o-mal-a'she-ah) [Gr. 
aTopa. mouth + paXa/da softness]. Softening of 
the structures of the mouth. 
stomatomenia (sto"mat-o-me'ne-ah) [Gr. arbpa 
mouth + pf)o month]. Vicarious menstruation 
by the mouth. STOMATOMY 
1064 
STRABISMUS 
Stomatomy (sto-mat'o-me) [Gr. aropa mouth + 
repvecv to cut]. The surgical incision of the os 
uteri. 
stomatomycosis (sto"mat-o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + puK-qs fungus]. Any mouth disease due 
to schizomycetes, especially the Oid'ium al'bicans. 
stomatonecrosis (sto"mat-o-ne-kro'sis) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + necrosis]. Same as noma. 
stomatonoma (sto"mat-o-no'mah) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + noma], Same as noma. 
Stomatopathy (sto-mat-op'ath-e) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + iraOos suffering]. Any disorder of the 
mouth. 
stomatoplastic (sto-mat-o-plas'tik). Pertaining 
to stomatoplasty. 
stomatoplasty (sto'mat-o-plas-te) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + irXdaaeiv to mold]. Plastic surgery of, 
or operative repair of, defects of the mouth or of 
the os uteri. 
Stomatorrhagia (sto"mat-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + pqyvvvai to burst forth]. Hemorrhage 
from the mouth, s. gingiva'rum, hemorrhage 
from the gum. 
stomatoscope (sto-mat'o-skop) [Gr. aropa mouth 
+ aKoireiv to inspect]. A speculum for exam- 
ining the mouth. 
stomatosis (sto-mat-o'sis). Same as stomatopathy. 
stomatotomy (sto-mat-ot'o-me). Stomatomy. 
stomatotyphus (sto"mat-o-ti'fus). Typhus fever 
with severe lesions of the mouth. 
Stomenorrhagia (sto"men-o-ra'je-ah) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + p-qyvvvai to burst forth]. Hemorrhage 
from the mouth. 
stomocephalus (sto-mo-sef'al-us) [Gr. aropa 
mouth + KupaX-q head]. A monster-fetus with a 
rudimentary head and jaws, so that the skin hangs 
in folds about the mouth. 
stomodeal, stomodaeal (sto-mo-de'al). Pertain- 
ing to the stomodeum. 
stomodeum, stomodaeum (sto-mo-de'um) [Gr. 
aropa mouth + baceiv to divide]. An invagina- 
tion of the ectoderm of the embryo whence are 
formed the mouth and upper part of the pharynx. 
stomosan (sto'mo-san). Methylamin phosphate: 
used in gall-stones. 
Stomoxys calcitrans (sto-mok'sis kal'sit-ranz). 
The common stable-fly It is very annoying to 
man and beast, and is believed to transmit by its 
bite the infestive agent of poliomyelitis. It 
transmits Trypanosoma evansi, the cause of surra, 
and possibly also the virus of poliomyelitis. 
Called also stable-fly and leg-sticker. 
-Stomy [Gr. aropa mouth]. A suffix signifying the 
formation of a mouth or opening in a part. 
Stone (ston). A calculus or concretion, blue-s., 
copper sulphate; cupri sulphas, s.-bruise, a 
painful bruise of the subcutaneous structures 
without breaking of the skin. S.-child, a litho- 
pedion. gall-s., biliary calculus. See calculus. 
lung S. See lung calculus, under calculus, pulp- 
s. See pulp-nodule, under nodule, s.-searcher, 
a sound for exploring the bladder wherein a 
calculus is suspected. skin-s's, calcareous 
nodules sometimes seen in the subcutaneous 
tissues, struvit S. See struvit calculus, under 
calculus, womb-s., a calcified fibroid tumor 
of the uterus. 
Stool (stool). The fecal discharge from the bowels, 
bilious S., the yellowish or brownish stools, 
turning darker on exposure, that are character- 
istic of bilious diarrhea. Bilious stools are green 
if the bowel contents are very acid, caddy s., 
the stools seen in yellow fever; they look like 
dark, sandy mud. fatty s., stools containing 
fat: seen in diseases of the pancreas, mucous 
S., stools containing large amounts of mucus: 
seen in intestinal inflammation, pea-soup s., 
the characteristic liquid evacuation of typhoid 
fever, rice-water s., the. characteristic watery 
evacuations of cholera, spinach s., dark green 
stool resembling cooked spinach, resulting from the 
use of calomel in infants. 
stop-needle (stop). See needle. 
Stopping (stop'ing). A dental fitting; filling of the 
teeth. 
stop-speculum (stop). See speculum. 
Storage-battery (sto'raj). See battery. 
Storax (sto'raks) [L. sto'rax, sty'rax; Gr. arvpaQ. 
A balsam from the bark of Liquidam'bar orienta'- 
lis, a tree of western Asia. It contains styrol, 
styracin, and cinnamic acid, and is diuretic and 
anticatarrhal. It is administered for gonorrhea, 
and used externally for chilblains and frost-bite. 
Dose, 10-20 gr. (0.666-1.333 gm.). 
storesinol (sto-rez'in-ol). A resinol obtainable 
from storax. 
stovain (sto-va'in) [named for the discoverer 
Fourneau, which is French for " stove "]. The 
hydrochloric of benzoyldimethylaminomethylpro- 
panol hydrochlorid, CH3.CH2.C(C6H5.CO2)(CH3)- 
CH2N(CHs)2-HC1, a crystalline compound: used as 
a local anesthetic, especially for subcutaneous and 
subconjunctival use. It is said to be much less toxic 
tean cocain. Dose of 1 per cent, solution, min. 
(0.002 c.c.). 
stovainization (sto-va-in-iz-a'shun). Production 
of local anesthesia with stovain. 
strabismal, strabismic (stra-biz'mal, stra-biz'- 
mik) [Gr. arpa^iapos strabismus]. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of strabismus. 
strabismometer (stra-biz-mom'et-er) [Gr. arpa- 
Piapbs strabismus 4* perpov measure]. ' An appa- 
ratus for measuring strabismus; a strabometer. 
strabismus (stra-biz'mus) [Gr. arpafliapbs]. A 
squint; deviation of one of the eyes from its 
proper direction, so that the visual axes cannot 
both be directed simultaneously at the same ob- 
jective point, absolute s., that which occurs 
at all distances for the fixation-point, accom- 
modative S., that which is due to excessive or 
deficient accommodative effort, alternating s., 
a form affecting either eye alternately, bilat- 
eral s., that which affects each eye alternately. 
Braid's S., the turning of the eyes simultaneously 
upward and inward; a means sometimes adopted 
of inducing the hypnotic state, concomitant S., 
that which is due to a faulty insertion of the eye 
muscles, resulting in the same amount of devia- 
tion in whatever direction the eyes are looking, 
because the squinting eye follows the movements 
of the other eye. constant S., persistent strabis- 
mus. convergent s., cross-eye or esotropia, s. 
deor'sum ver'gens, that in which the visual axis 
of the squinting eye falls below the fixation-point, 
divergent s., that in which the visual axes di- 
verge; exotropia. dynamic s., the tendency 
to strabismus due to insufficiency of the ocular 
muscles, but which may be overcome by the effort 
of binocular vision. Called also latent s. ex- 
ternal s., divergent strabismus, intermittent 
s., that which occurs only at intervals, internal 
s., esotropia, latent s., that which occurs only 
when one eye is occluded, manifest s., that 
which occurs when both eyes are open, mechanic 
s., that due to pressure or traction on the eye, as 
by a tumor, producing deflection, monolateral 
s., that in which itds always the same eye the 
visual axis of which fails to pass through the fix- 
ation-point. non-concomitant s., that in 
which the amount of deviation of the squinting eye 
varies according to the direction in which the eyes 
are turned, paralytic s., that which is due to 
paralysis of an eye muscle, paralytic s., acute, 
strabismus attended by dizziness and double vision, 
periodic S., that which is seen only during efforts 
at accommodation, relative s., that which 
occurs for some and not for other distances of the 
fixation-point, spasmodic s., that which is due to spasm of the muscles of the eye. sup- 
pressed S., heterophoria. S. sur'sum ver'- 
gens, that in which the visual axis of the squinting 
eye falls below the fixation-point, unilateral s., 
that which affects one eye only, unilocular s., 
strabismus affecting only one eye. vertical s., 
hypertropia; the elevation of one visual axis above 
the other. 
Strabometer (stra-bom'et-er). See strabismometer. 
Strabometry (stra-bom'et-re). Measurement of the 
amount of strabismus. 
Strabotome (strab'o-tom). A knife for performing 
strabotomy. 
Strabotomy (stra-bot'o-me) [Gr. aTpaSca-pos stra- 
bismus + renveiv to cut]. The cutting of an ocular 
tendon for strabismus. 
Strachan's disease (strawnz) [William Henry 
Williams Strachan, English physician of the 19th 
century]. Pellagra. 
Straight-jacket (strat'-jak-et). See jacket. 
Strain (stran). 1. To overexercise; to use to an 
extreme and harmful degree. 2. To filter or 
subject to eolation. 3. Injury due to exercise 
or overuse. 4. Excessive effort or undue exercise, 
sacro-iliac s., strain or sprain of the sacro-iliac 
joint causing continuous backache. 
Strainer (stran'er). An apparatus for straining, 
strait (strat). Either opening, superior or inferior, 
of the pelvis. 
Strait-jacket (strat'-jak-et). See jacket. 
Stramonium (stra-mo'ne-um) [L.]. The poison- 
ous solanaceous plant, Datu'ra stramo'nium, or 
jimson-weed. The leaves (stramo'nii jo'lid) and 
seeds (5. se'men) are narcotic and antispasmodic. 
Its action resembles that of belladonna. The 
smoke of its burning leaves is inhaled for asthma. 
Stramonium ointment is used for hemorrhoids, 
etc. The drug is serviceable in muscular rheu- 
matism, cramp, dysmenorrhea, and spasmodic 
retention of the urine. Dose of fluidextract of 
the seeds, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); of extract, 
gr. (0.011-0.033 gm.); of tincture, 5-20 min. 
(O-333-I-333 C.c.). 
strangalesthesia (stran"gal-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
arpayyaSl^etv to choke + alaOtiais feeling]. 
Same as zonesthesia. 
strangle (strang'l) [L. strangula're]. To choke, 
- or to be choked, by compression of the windpipe. 
Strangles (strang'lz). An infectious disease of 
horses, characterized by a mucopurulent inflam- 
mation of the respiratory mucous membrane, and 
caused by the Streptococcus equi. 
Strangulated (strang'u-la-ted) [L. strangula'tus]. 
Congested by reason of constriction or hernial 
stricture. See hernia. 
Strangulation (strang-u-la'shun) [L. strangida'- 
tio]. 1. Choking or throttling; arrest of respira- 
tion, due to occlusion of the air-passage. 2. Arrest 
of the circulation in a part, due to compression. 
strangury (strang'u-re) [Gr. arpay^ strangulation 
+ ovpov urine]. Slow and painful discharge of the 
urine: due to spasm of the urethra and bladder. 
Strap (strap). 1. A band or slip, as of adhesive 
plaster, used in attaching parts to each other. 2. 
To bind down tightly, crib S., a strap to be 
placed around the neck of a horse to prevent 
cribbing by compressing the windpipe. Wy- 
man's s's, a set of straps for keeping a violently 
insane person in bed. 
Strapping (strap'ing). The application of strips 
by adhesive plaster, one overlapping the other, so 
as to cover a part and make pressure upon it. 
Strassburg's test (strahs'boorgz) [Gustav Adolf 
Str assburg, German physiologist, born 1848]. See 
under tests. 
stratification (strat"if-ik-a'shun) [L. stra'tum layer 
+ fae'ere to make]. Disposal in layers. 
Stratified (strat'if-id). Disposed in layers. 
STRABOMETER 
1065 
Stratiform (strat'if-orm) [L. stra'tum layer + 
for'ma form]. Having the form of strata. 
stratum (stra'tum), pl. stra'ta [L.]. A layer or 
set of layers, as in the epidermis. S. albocine'- 
reum, a twofold layer of white and gray matter 
within the striatum, s. al'bum profun'dum 
[B N A], a layer of white matter between the cor- 
pora quadrigemina and the central gray layer of 
the cerebral aqueduct. Arlt's s. See stratum 
reticulatum. s. bacillo'rum, the layer of rods 
and cones in the retina, s. cine'reum, the upper- 
most of the three layers of the corpus quadrigem- 
inum. s. compac'tum, the superficial layer of 
the decidua basalis. s. cor'neum [B N A], the 
outermost or horny layer of the epidermis. See 
skin. s. cor'neum un'guis, the horny layer of 
the nail. s. cylin'dricum, stratum malpighii. 
s. denta'tum, stratum malpighii. s. disjunc'- 
tum, a layer of partially detached cells on. the 
free surface of the stratum corneum. s. dorsa'le, 
one of the layers representing the prolongation of 
the tegmentum beneath the posterior part of the 
optic thalamus, s. fibro'sum [B N A], the outer 
layer of the capsular ligament of a joint, s. fila- 
mento'sum, stratum malpighii. s. gangliona- 
re, the nerve-cell layer, or second layer from 
within, of the retina, s. gelatino'sum, the in- 
nermost of the four layers of the olfactory lobe. S. 
germinati'vum un'guis [B N A], the germina- 
tive layer of the nail. s. glomerulo'sum, one of 
the four layers of the olfactory lobe. s. granulo'- 
sum [B N A], i. The innermost but one of four 
layers of the epidermis. See skin. 2. Either one 
of the granular layers of the retina. 3. One 
of the layers of the cortex of the cerebellum. See 
retina. 4. The layer of dentin of a tooth imme- 
diately beneath the cement, s. gris'eum cen- 
tra'le [B N A], the central gray layer of teg- 
mentum. s. gris'eum collic'uli superio'ris 
[B N A], the gray layer of the superior colliculus, 
s. interme'dium, the layer of cells of the enamel- 
organ of a tooth just outside of the ameloblast- 
layer. s. interoliva're lemnis'ci [B N A], the 
interolivary layer of lemniscus. S. lacuno'sum, 
a layer of the hippocampus major above the stratum 
radiatum, consisting of reticulated neuroglia. S. 
lemnis'ci, the lowermost of the three layers of the 
corpus quadrigeminum. s. lu'cidum, the outer- 
most but one of the four layers of the epidermis. 
See skin. s. malpig'hii, the rete mucosum or 
prickle-cell layer; the innermost of the four layers 
of the skin. Called also s. mucosum and s. spino- 
sum. See skin. s. molecula're, the molecular 
layer of the cerebral cortex, s. muco'sum. See 
s. malpig'hii. s. nuclea're, stratum granulosum 
of the retina. Oehl's S., the stratum lucidum. 
See skin. s. olfacto'rium, one of the four layers 
of the olfactory lobe. s. op'ticum, the middle 
or second, of the three layers of the corpus quad- 
rigeminum. s. o'riens, the layer of polymorphic 
cells of the hippocampus, s. papilla're, the outer 
layer of the corium. s. pigmen'ti ret'inae, the 
outer pigment layer of the retina, s. profun'- 
dum, the layer of the inferior colliculus which 
immediately surrounds the central gray matter. S. 
pyramida'le, the innermost layer but one of the 
strata of the human brain-cortex, s. radia'tum, 
a layer of the hippocampus major, crossed at 
right angles to its surfaces by the processes of 
large pyramidal cells which lie along its border, 
s. reticula're. See tunica propria, 3d def. 
s. reticula'tum. a network of fibers which 
connects the occipital lobe with the thalamus. 
s. spino'sum. See 5. malpig'hii. s. spongio'- 
sum, the middle layer of the decidua, s. sub- 
cuta'neum, the subcutaneous connective tissue, 
s. suprapyramida'le, the molecular layer; the 
principal layer of the cortical brain substance, 
chiefly developed in the cornu anterioris. S. syn- 
ovia'le [B N A], the lining membrane of the cap- 
sular ligament of a joint, s. vascula're, the mus- 
cular wall of the uterus between the mucous and 
peritoneal surfaces, s. zona'le [B N A], 1. A 
STRATUM STRAUS' SIGN 
1066 
STREPTOCOCCUS 
stratum of white nerve-fibers covering the ven- 
tricular surface of the optic thalamus. 2. The most 
superficial of the layers of the superior colliculus. 
Straus' sign (straws') [Isador Straus, French physi- 
cian, 1854-1896]. See under sign. 
Strauss's reaction, sign, etc. (strows'ez) [Her- 
mann Strauss, physician in Berlin, born 1868]. See 
reaction, sign, etc. 
Strawberry-tongue (straw'ber-e). See tongue. 
straw-itch. See under itch. 
streak (strek). Any line, stripe, or trace, an- 
gioid s's, pigment striae appearing in the retina 
after hemorrhage. s.-culture. See culture. 
germinal s. Same as primitive s. Knapp's 
s's, lines resembling blood-vessels seen occasionally 
in the retina after hemorrhage, medullary s., 
the neural, or medullary, groove. See groove. 
meningitic s. Same as tache cerebrate. primi- 
tive S., a faint white trace at the aftermost end 
of the germinal area, formed by an aggregation of 
cells, and constituting the first indication of the 
development of the blastoderm. 
stream (strem). A current or flow of water or 
other fluid, axial s., the central core of the 
blood stream composed of accumulated red blood- 
corpuscles and surrounded by a layer of plasma. 
stremma (strem'ah) [Gr. ar penna a twist]. A sprain, 
strengthening plaster. See plaster. 
strephotome (stref'o-tom) [Gr. arpeipw to twist 4- 
r'enveiv to cut]. An instrument like a corkscrew 
for invaginating the hernial sac. 
strepitus (strep'it-us) [L.]. A noise; a sound heard 
on auscultation. 
Strepticemia (strep-tis-e'me-ah). Infection with 
streptococci. 
strepto-angina (strep-to-an'jin-ah) [streptococcus 
4- angina], A pseudomembranous deposit in the 
throat due to a streptococcus. 
Streptobacillus (strep"to-bas-il'us) [Gr. arpeirros 
twisted + bacillus]. A variety of bacillus in the 
form of twisted chains of rods. One variety has 
been found in typhus fever. S. pellag'rae, an 
organism which Tizzoni claims is the cause of 
pellagra. S. pseudotuberculo'sis roden'- 
tium, the Bacil'lus pseudotuberculo'sis. 
streptobacteria (strep"to-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. 
aTpeirrbs twisted + bacteria]. A group including 
those bacteria (Streptothrix, etc.) which are linked 
together into twisted chains. 
streptobacterin (strep-to-bak'ter-in). The bac- 
terial vaccine prepared from streptococci. 
streptococcal (strep-to-kok'al). Pertaining or 
due to a streptococcus. 
streptococcemia, streptococcsemia (strep"to- 
kok-se'me-ah) [streptococcus 4- Gr. a'ina blood]. 
The presence of streptococci in the blood. 
Streptococcic (strep-to-kok'sik). Streptococcal. 
Streptococcicosis (strep-to-kok-sik-o'sis). A gen- 
eral term for all streptococcal infections. 
streptococcolysin (strep"to-kok-ol'is-in). Same 
as streptocolysin. 
Streptococcus (strep-to-kok'us) [Gr. vTpeirrbs 
twisted 4- kokkos berry], A genus of microorganisms 
of the family Coccacece including those spherical 
bacteria whose cells occur in chains. They are 
found associated in a great variety of pathologic 
conditions, among which are erysipelas, focal in- 
fections, ulcerative endocarditis, puerperal fever, 
septic sore throat, certain form of enteritis, rheu- 
matic fever, and bronchopneumonia. The strepto- 
cocci are now divided into two classes: a, the 
hemolytic s. (type alpha) which produce a clear zone 
of hemolysis around the colonies on blood-agar 
plates; and b, the green-producing streptococcus 
■(Streptococcus viridans) which produce a greenish 
zone about the colony on blood-agar plates. S. 
ac'idi lac'tici, a variety which precipitates casein 
from milk and produces lactic acid; in long rows of 
non-motile cells. S. agalac'tiae contagio'sae. 
Same as 5. masti'lidis sporad'ica. S. al'bus, a 
saprophytic species from water. S. ambra'tus, 
the microbe which causes the pneumonia of calves: 
made up of cocci arranged in filaments. S. 
angino'sus, a form of 5. lon'gus. anhemo- 
lytic S., any streptococcus which does not 
hemolyze red blood-corpuscles. S. aphthic'- 
ola, a species from the blood, skin, and secre- 
tions of animals and men affected with foot- 
and-mouth disease. S. articuloTum, a species 
from diphtheric mucous membranes, in long 
chains of large cocci: in rabbits it produces a 
fatal joint disease. S. aureola'tus, a micro- 
organism derived from a patient infected with the 
poison of horse colic. S. bom'bycis, the species 
which causes flacherie in silk-worms: in oval cells, 
single, paired, or in short rows. S. bre'vis, a 
form found in the mouth, especially in inflammatory 
conditions, and occurring in short chains. It is 
probably not pathogenic. S. cadav'eris, a sapro- 
phytic species from the liver of the cadaver of yellow 
fever. S. charr'ini, the specific microorganism of 
contagious anthrax of rabbits: in long chains of oval 
or spheric cocci. S. cinnaba'reus, a form from 
air, water, and red milk; in large, spheric cocci, 
often forming pairs.or tetrads: it produces a reddish 
pigment. S. co'li grac'ilis, a form from meco- 
nium and from the feces of carnivora. S. con- 
glomera'tus, a pathogenic species from patients 
with scarlatina. S. corona'tus, a saprophytic 
species from air. S. cory'zae contagio'sae 
equo'rum, a form from the contagious coryza 
(strangles) of horses, in undulating chains made up 
of pairs or groups of non-motile, oval cocci. S. 
diffu'sus, a species causing a clouding of the fluid 
when cultivated on bouillon. S. dis'sei, a patho- 
genic form from the blood of a Japanese affected 
with syphilis; in chains of spheric encapsulated 
cocci, mostly non-motile. S. endocardit'icus, 
a pathogenic species in chains or loops of small 
cocci from ulcerative endocarditis. S. enter'- 
itis, enteritis produced by streptococci. In the 
acute form it resembles cholera, and in the 
chronic form, typhoid fever. S. e'qui, S. 
equi'nus. Same as 5. cory'zce contagio'sce equo'- 
rum. S. erysipel'atis, the specific microorgan- 
ism of erysipelas. It is found in the lymph- 
passages of the skin in pairs and chains of minute 
cocci. S. faeca'lis, a species found in the intes- 
tines in endocarditis, chronic cystitis, etc. Feh- 
leisen's s., Streptococcus erysipelatis. S. 
fermen'ti, a variety producing the ropy con- 
dition of wine by causing viscous fermentation. 
S. flexuo'sus, a species from the mouth and from 
the pus of erysipelas: in serpentine chains of oval 
or spheric cells. S. gallina'rum, a species 
causing apoplectiform septicemia in chick- 
ens. S. gigan'teus ure'thrse, a form from 
the healthy urethra and from urine: in long, 
twisted chains of large round cocci. S. hae- 
matosa'prus, a species seen in spheric cells 
from putrefying blood. S. havanien'sis, a 
species from the vomit of yellow fever: not known 
to be pathogenic, hemolytic s., s. hemo- 
lyt'icus, any streptococcus which is capable of 
hemolyzing red blood-corpuscles, or of producing 
a zone of hemolysis about the colonies on blood- 
agar. The great majority of streptococci found 
in pathologic processes belong to this type. 
S. hollan'dicus, a zymogenic species from 
ropy milk. S. hydrophobo'rum, a species 
seen in chains of spheric'cocci from the brains of 
animals affected with rabies. S. impetig'inis, 
a species from the vesicles of impetigo conta- 
giosa. It is pathogenic for mice. S. insecto'- 
rum, a pathogenic species from diseased insects. 
S. involu'tus, a species found in cattle af- 
fected with foot-and-mouth disease, but probably 
not pathogenic. S. ko'chii, a species from 
rabbits with artificial septicemia. S. lac'- 
ticus, a species found commonly in naturally 
soured milk. It has been called erroneously Bacillus lactici acidi. S. laugh'lini, a species 
from cases of dengue: seen in chains of capsulated 
spheric cocci. S. leb'inis, Streptococcus aci- 
di lactici. S. liquefa'ciens, a species from 
the liver of yellow-fever cadavers. S. lon'gus, 
a non-motile species seen as small cocci in long 
chains. It includes the many varieties, such as 
Streptocod cus pyog'enes, S. erysipel'atis, S. artic- 
ulo' rum, S. sep'ticus, and S. septicopyce'micus. 
S. lu'c®, a pathogenic species from soft chancre: 
seen in chains of minute cocci. It is also known as 
Bacil'lus ul'ceris cancro'si. S. margarita'ceus, a 
species from putrid blood: in loose chains of spheric 
cells. S. masti'tidis sporadic®, a species 
found in the mastitis of cattle. S. menin- 
gitidis. Same as Neisseria meningitidis. S. 
mesenterioi'des, a species found in beets and 
sugar solutions, occurring in the form of cocci 
inclosed in a capsule and arranged in chains. It 
causes the dextrin fermentation of cane-sugar. 
S. mirab'ilis, a saprophytic species from sewage. 
S. mit'ior, a species found in endocarditis lenta. 
S. monomor'phus, a species from pharyngeal 
ulcers. S. morbillo'sus, a species from measles, 
in large, spheric cocci. S. muco'sus, a capsulated 
species found in a case of tubo-ovarian abscess 
with peritonitis. It causes mucous exudations in 
animals, s. mu'ris ratti, a species found in 
some cases of rat-bite fever. S. nocar'di, a 
pathogenic species from cows and goats affected 
with chronic infectious inflammation of the udder. 
S. no'm®, a species from cases of noma: seen 
as cocci. S. ochroleu'cus, a chromogenic species 
from the urine, occurring as single or paired cocci 
or in chains. S. of Ostertag, a species causing 
vaginitis verrucosa in cattle. S. peritonit'idis 
e'qui, a pathogenic species from horses which 
died of peritonitis. S. pernicio'si psittaco'- 
rum, S. psit'taci, a pathogenic species from 
disease of gray parrots, found in the heart and 
lungs in the form of cocci in chains. S. pneumo'- 
ni®. Same as Diplococcus lanceolatus. S. 
pyo'genes, the name for a group of pus-forming 
microorganisms from various suppurativeprocesses, 
in chains of cocci. S. pyo'genes malig'nus, a 
pathogenic form from necrotic foci in the spleen of 
leukemia; closely resembling S. erysipel'atis. S. 
rheumat'icus, a variety which appears to be as- 
sociated with rheumatic fever. S. rindfleisch'ii, 
a species from the blood in mycosis fungoides, in the 
form of colorless cells in chains. S. saliva'rius, 
a species found in the saliva and in the alimentary 
tract in malignant endocarditis and certain ter- 
minal infections. S. seifer'ti, a species from 
the nasal mucus and sputum of influenza, in 
long chains of oval cells. S. sep'ticus, a patho- 
genic species from foul earth: seen in chains 
or pairs of cocci. S. sep'ticus liquefa'ciens, 
a pathogenic species from blood of septic poison- 
ing after scarlatina: seen in pairs or chains of 
round cocci. S. septopyae'micus, a patho- 
genic form from cases of phlegmonous angina. 
S. suspec'tus, a species from blood and spleen 
of cattle affected with hematuria: seen as color- 
less, spheric cells. S. toxica'tus, a species 
from an infusion of Rhus toxicoden'dron: said to 
produce one of the poisons of poison-ivy. S. 
tropica'lis, a species found in dermatitis cupo- 
liformis (Castellani, 1916). S. tyro'genes, a 
species found in ripe cheese. S. u're®, a species 
from air and from stale urine; cocci in chains, 
wreaths, or pairs: it changes urea into ammonium 
carbonate. S. u'reae liquefa'ciens, a zymo- 
genic form from urine. S. va'rians, a species 
from water, producing a green pigment. S. 
varicel'l®, a species from the blood and lymph 
of chicken-pox: in loose chains of round cocci. 
S. vari'olae, a pathogenic species from the blood 
and lymph of small-pox and from the lymph of 
cow-pox: in loose chains of spheric cocci. S. 
vermifor'mis, a species from water, producing 
a green pigment. S. viniper'da, a species from 
spoiled wine. S. vir'idans, a species which pro- 
STREPTOCOCCUS 
1067 
duces a narrow green zone when grown upon 
blood-agar. It is non-hemolyzing and is found in 
cases of endocarditis lenta. S. weis'sii, a patho- 
genic species from the lungs of cattle with infec- 
tious pneumonia; it occurs in encapsulated cocci, 
single, paired, or in short chains. S. zymo'- 
genes, a species from the blood in acute endo- 
carditis. 
Streptocolysin (strep-to-kol'is-in). A hemolysin 
destructive to streptococci, formed when virulent 
streptococci are grown in blood-serum. 
streptocyte (strep'to-sit) [Gr. arpe-TTros twisted + 
kuzos cell]. An amebiform body occurring in 
bead-like strings from the vesicles of foot-and- 
mouth disease. 
streptodermatitis (strep"to-der-mat-i'tis). Der- 
matitis produced by streptococci. 
streptoleukocidin (strep"to-lu-ko-si'din). A toxin 
from streptococcus cultures which is destructive to 
leukocytes. 
Streptolysin (strep-tol'is-in). Same as streptocol- 
ysin. 
streptomycosis (strep"to-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. arpeTcrbs 
twisted + pvK-qs fungus]. A diseased condition 
due to a streptococcus. 
Streptopus amplexifo'lius (strep'to-pus) [Gr. 
arpe-KTOs twisted + irovs foot]. A liliaceous 
plant, the seeds of which afford a popular astrin- 
gent gargle: the root is used in salads. 
streptosepticernia (strep"to-sep-tis-e'me-ah) 
[streptococcus 4- septicemia]. . Septicemia due to 
a streptococcus. 
streptothricial (strep-to-thrish'al). Pertaining to 
or caused by streptothrix. 
streptothricosis (strep-to-thri-ko'sis). Infection 
with streptothrix. See nocardiasis. 
Streptothrix (strep'to-thriks) [Gr. crrpeKTbs 
twisted + Opi^ hair], A genus of schizomycetes in 
the form of slim, elongated filaments inclosed in a 
sheath. This genus is now given the name of 
Nocardia. S. actinom'yces. Same as Actinom'- 
yces bo'vis. S. al'ba, a form said to cause actino- 
mycosis. S. bronchit'idis, a species producing 
gangrenous bronchitis. It resembles Actinom'yces 
bo'vis, excepting that the ends of the rays are 
not knobbed. S. cap'rae, a pathogenic species 
causing a sort of tuberculosis in horses, and ab- 
scesses when injected into guinea-pigs and rabbits. 
S. cunic'uli, a species from the intestine of the 
pig, producing local necrosis. S. eppinge'ri, 
a pathogenic species from a brain-abscess. S. 
farcin'ica, a pathogenic species from cattle- 
farcy: non-motile, and made up of branching 
threads in lens-shaped colonies. S. fbrste'ri, oc- 
curs in concretions found in the lacrimal ducts. 
S. fre'eri, a species isolated from cases of myce- 
toma in the Philippines. S. hoffman'ni, a 
species that occurs in the air, causing abscesses 
in guinea-pigs and rabbits. S. isra'eli, a species 
found in actinomycosis of man. It resembles 
Actinom'yces bo'vis. S. leproi'des, a species 
found in leprous nodules. S. mad'urse, an organ- 
ism from madura-foot, or the fungus-foot of India, 
by some identified with Actinom'yces bo'vis, but 
probably distinct from it. S. mu'ris rat'ti, a 
species found in certain cases of rat-bite fever. S. 
pro'teus, a pathogenic species causing a sort of 
actinomycosis in man, and septicemia and pseudo- 
tuberculosis when injected into mice. S. pseudo- 
tuberculo'sa, a pathogenic species from a con- 
solidated and caseous lung. S. of Bosenbach, 
a species found in an indolent dermatitis of the 
fingers and much resembling Cladothrix asteroides. 
streptotrichal (strep-tot'rik-al). Pertaining to or 
caused by streptothrix. 
streptotrichiasis (strep"to-trik-i'as-is). Same as 
slreptotrichosis. 
streptotrichosis (strep-to-tri-ko'sis). A diseased 
condition resembling actinomycosis, caused by 
streptothrix. 
STREPTOTRICHOSIS stress (stres). Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. 
In dentistry the pressure of the upper teeth 
against the lower in mastication. 
Stretcher (stretsh'er). A litter for carrying the 
sick or injured. 
stria (stri'ah), pl. stri'ce [L.]. A streak or line, 
acoustic striae, white, transverse lines across the 
floor of the fourth ventricle, which are connected 
with the roots of the auditory nerve. Called also 
medullary s., auditory s., and 5. acustica. S. of 
Amici, Dobie's lines; the lines which mark or sep- 
arate the alleged disks of sarcous matter from each 
other, s. atro'phicae, the lineae albicantes of 
pregnancy: white lines on the abdomen produced 
by atrophy of the skin, auditory s. See 
acoustic s. s. of Baillarger. See Baillarger's 
layer, under layer, brown s., Retzius' parallel 
stria, s. cu'tis disten'sae, the wrinkled-like ap- 
pearance of the skin after abnormal distention: due 
to tears in the cutis, s. for'nicis. See s. pi- 
nealis. s. of Gennari. See line of Gennari. 
s. gravida'rum, the stria: seen upon the ab- 
domen of pregnant women; striae atrophica:. 
Knapp's s., streaks sometimes seen in the retina 
after hemorrhage, s. lancis'ii, s. longitudi- 
na'les, slender bundles of nerve-fibers along the 
dorsal surface of the corpus callosum in the floor of 
the longitudinal fissure, s. malleola'ris [B N A], 
a stripe on the membrana tympani from the malle- 
olar prominence to the umbo, caused by the handle 
of the malleus, s. media'le. Same as s. lancisii. 
medullary s. 1. See acoustic s. 2. See 5. pinea- 
lis. meningitic s. Same as tache cerebrate, s. 
olfacto'ria [B N A], any one of three white stripes 
extending backward from the olfactory trigone. S. 
pinea'lis, either of two white lines in the third 
ventricle, extending from the peduncle of the 
pineal body to the inner side of the tubercle of the 
thalamus. Called also tcenia fornicis and tcenia 
thalami. Retzius' parallel s., brown lines 
crossing the enamel-prisms, seen on cutting the 
enamel. Schriger's s., darkish, irregular lines 
crossing the enamel-rods and stria: of Retzius 
of the tooth-enamel, s. semicircula'ris. See 
5. terminalis. S. termina'lis [B N A], a band of 
fibers forming a correlation tract between the nu- 
cleus amygdalae of the lateral olfactory area and the 
medial olfactory area. Called also terminal stria, 
stria semicircularis, and tcenia semicircularis. 
s. vascula'ris [B N A], the layer of fibrous vas- 
cular tissue that covers the outer wall of the scala 
media, s. ventric'uli ter'tii, stria pinealis. 
striatal (stri-a'tal). Pertaining to the corpus 
striatum, s. syndrome. See Hunt's syndrome, 
under syndrome. 
striate, striated (stri'at, stri'a-ted) [L. stria'tus]. 
Striped; provided with striae. S. body. See 
corpus striatum. 
Striation (stri-a'shun) [L. stri'a]. 1. The quality 
of being streaked. 2. A streak or scratch; also a 
series of streaks or scratches. Baillarger's s's. 
See Baillarger's lines, under line, tabby-cat s., 
tigroid s., striations or markings on muscle 
tissue that has undergone marked fatty degenera- 
tion. It is seen especially in degenerated heart 
muscles; tabby-cat striation. 
striatum (stri-a'tum) [L. " grooved "]. The cor- 
pus striatum. 
Stricture (strik'tur) [L. strictu'ra]. The abnor- 
mal narrowing of a canal, duct, or passage, either 
from cicatricial contraction or the deposit of ab- 
normal tissue, annular S., a ring-like obstruc- 
tion around the walls of an organ, bridle-s., a 
fold of membrane stretched across a canal, and 
partially closing it. cicatricial S., one which 
follows a wound or sore, producing cicatricial 
contraction, contractile s., one which may be 
mechanically dilated, but which soon returns to its 
contracted condition. Called also recurrent s. 
false s. Same as spasmodic s. functional s. 
See spasmodic s. hysteric s., spasmodic stric- 
ture of the esophagus seen in hysteric subjects. 
STRESS 
1068 
impermeable s., one that does not permit the 
passage of an instrument, irritable s., one 
in which the passage of an instrument produces 
severe pain, organic s., a stricture due to a 
structural change in or about a canal, as the deposit 
of adventitious tissue, plastic inflammation, or 
neoplasmic growths. permanent s., organic 
stricture, recurrent s. See contractile s. 
spasmodic s., spastic s., one that is due to 
muscular spasm. Called also false s., functional 
s., and temporary s. temporary s. See spas- 
modic s. 
stricturotome (strik'tur-o-tom) [L. strictu'ra 
stricture + Gr. Ttpveiv to cut]. A knife for cut- 
ting strictures. 
stricturotomy (strik-tu-rot'o-me). The cutting 
of a stricture. 
stridor (stri'dor) [L.]. A harsh, high-pitched 
sound like the whistling of wind, congenital s., 
infantile respiratory spasm, s. decu'tium, the 
noise made by grinding the teeth, s. den'tium, 
grinding of the teeth, laryngeal s., congenital 
stridor, s. serrat'icus, a sound like that made 
by filing a saw, caused by respiration through a 
tracheotomy tube. 
stridulous (strid'u-lus) [L. str id'ulus], Attended 
with stridor; shrill and harsh in sound. 
string-galvanometer. See galvanometer. 
String-halt (string). Sudden and extreme flexion 
of the back of a horse, producing a jerking motion 
of the hind leg in walking. 
striocellular (stri-o-sel'u-lar) [L. stri'a streak + 
cellular], Composed of striated muscle-fibers 
and cells. 
striospinoneural (stri"o-spi-no-nu'ral). Pertain- 
ing to the corpus striatum, the spinal cord, and the 
nerves: a term applied to a system of nerve-fibers. 
Strip (strip). To press the contents from a canal, 
such as the urethra, by running the finger along it. 
stripe (strip). A streak or stria. Baillarger's 
s's. See Vicq d'Azyr's s's. Gennari's s's. See 
Vicq d'Azyr's s's. Hensen's s. i. A band 
near the middle of the under surface of the mem- 
brana tectoria of the ear. 2. A slightly stainable 
central section in certain insect muscles. Vicq 
d'Azyr's s's, the third and fifth stripes from 
within outward of the cortex of the cerebellum 
parallel to the surface. Called also Baillarger's 
s's and Gennari's s's. 
strobila (stro-bi'lah), pl. strobi'lce [L.; Gr. arpo- 
twist]. The entire adult tapeworm including 
the head, neck, and proglottides. 
strobile (stro'bil). See strobila. 
strobiloid (stro'bil-oid). Resembling a row of 
tapeworm segments. 
strobilus (stro-bi'lus) [L.; Gr. arp60iXos cone]. 
Same as strobila. 
stroboscope (stro'bo-skop) [Gr. arpbBos whirl + 
a Kott civ to view]. An instrument on the principle 
of a zoetrope, for exhibiting the successive phases 
of animal movements. 
Stroboscopic (stro-bo-skop'ik). Pertaining to the 
stroboscope. 
Stroganoff's or Stroganov's treatment (stro- 
gan'ofs) [Vasilii Vasilovich Stroganov, contempo- 
rary Russian obstetrician]. See treatment. 
stroke (strbk). A sudden and severe attack, as of 
apoplexy or paralysis, apoplectic s., an attack 
of apoplexy, back-s. 1. The recoil of the ven- 
tricles at the time the blood is forced into the 
aorta. 2. The influence which a peripheral organ 
of response exerts back upon the nerve center from 
which the response was generated, s.-culture. 
Same as smear-culture. See under culture. light- 
S., a fatal narcosis produced in sensitized mice by 
exposure to light, paralytic s., a sudden attack 
of paralysis from injury to the brain or cord. 
stroma (stro'mah) [Gr. atpupa, a covering]. The 
tissue which forms the ground-substance, frame- 
STROMA STROMAL 
1069 
STRUMA 
work, or matrix of an organ, s. of the cornea, the 
connective-tissue layer or substantia propria of the 
cornea. S.-fibrin, fibrin formed from the stroma 
of blood-corpuscles, s. of ovary, s. ova'rii, 
the connective tissue separating the graafian 
follicles of the ovary, s. plexus, a network 
formed by the ramifications of the nerves of the 
cornea within the substantia propria. It is made 
up of two parts, the deep stroma plexus (primary 
plexus, fundamental plexus), and a layer of finer 
fibers beneath the anterior limiting membrane, 
called superficial stroma plexus (subbasal plexus, 
accessory plexus of Ranvier), s. of the red blood- 
corpuscles, that part of the red blood-corpuscles 
which remains after the hemoglobin has been 
removed. Rollet's s. Same as s. of the red 
blood-corpuscles, s. vit'reum, the framework of 
fibers composing the vitreous body of the eye. 
Stromal (stro'mal). Pertaining to stroma: stro- 
matic. 
stromatic (stro-mat'ik). Pertaining to or resem- 
bling stroma. 
stromatolysis (stro-mat-ol'is-is) [stroma + Gr. 
Xvtrcs dissolution]. Destruction of the enclosing 
membrane of a cell. 
Stromeyer's splint (strom'i-erz) [Georg Fried- 
rich Louis Stromeyer, German surgeon, 1804-1876]. 
See splint. 
Stromuhr (stromioor) [Ger. "stream clock"]. Lud- 
wig's instrument for measuring the velocity of the 
blood-flow (1867); a rheometer. 
Strongylidae (stron-ji'lid-e). A family of the 
Nematoda. It contains the following genera: 
Ankylostoma, Eustrongylus, Metastrongylus, Ne- 
cator, (Esophagostoma, Physaloptera, Strongylus, 
Trichostrongylus, and Triodontophorus. 
Strongylinae (stron-jil-i'ne). A sub family of the 
Strongylidae which contains three genera: Stron- 
gylus, Metastrongylus, and Trichostrongylus. 
Strongyloides intestina'lis or stercora'lis 
(stron-jil-oi'des). A species of round-worm, nor- 
mally saprozoic, but sometimes found in the 
intestinal canal of man in tropical and subtropical 
countries, where it may cause an intermittent 
diarrhea with digestive disturbance and catarrh 
of the small intestine. Called also Anguil'lula 
stercora'lis. 
strongyloidosis (stron-jil-oi-do'sis). Infection 
with strongyloides. 
Strongyloplasmata (stron - jil - o- plas'mat - ah). 
Same as Chlamydozoa. 
strongylosis (stron-jil-o'sis). Infection with worms 
of the genus Strongylus. 
Strongylus (stron'jil-us), pl. stron'gyli [Gr. arpoy- 
yvXos round]. A genus of parasitic nematode 
worms of the family Strongylidae. S. equi'nus, 
a worm parasitic in the intestines of horses; called 
also palisade worm. S. fila'ria causes the husk of 
sheep. S. gibso'ni, a species found in cattle and 
swine, and occasionally in man. S. gigas. See 
Eustrongylus gigas. S. longivagina'tus, a 
species found in the lungs of sheep, swine, and 
rabbits. S. micru'rus causes the disease hoose 
in calves. S. paradox'us. See Metastrongylus 
apri. S. rena'lis, Eustrongylus gigas. S. 
sub'tilis. See Trichostrongylus instdbilis. 
strontia, strontian (stron'she-ah, stron'shan). An 
earthy substance, strontium oxid, SrO. 
Strontium (stron'she-um) [Strontian in Scotland]. 
A dark yellowish metal: symbol, Sr; atomic 
weight, 87.63. s. arsenite, a compound, Sr- 
(AsCb^TlLO: used in malaria and chronic diseases 
of the skin. Dose, -fa-fa; gr. (0.002-0.004 gm.). 
S. bromid, a clear, colorless, crystalline sub- 
stance, SrBr2 4- 6H2O. It is a gastric tonic, anti- 
nephritic, and antiepileptic: used like the other 
bromids. Dose, 10-60 gr. (0.666-4 gm.). S. caf- 
fein-sulphonate, a remedy said to be a valuable 
diuretic, s. carbonate, a white tasteless powder, 
SrCOs. s. dibromhebenate, a colorless pow- 
der, (C22H4iBr2Oo)Sr: used as a substitute for bro- 
mids. s. glycerophosphate, a white salt, em- 
ployed in phosphaturia, locomotor ataxia, etc. S. 
iodate, an insoluble salt. Sr(IC>3)2: an alterative 
for use in various affections of the mucous surfaces. 
S. iodid, a colorless, transparent, crystalline com- 
pound, Srl2 4- 6H2O: used like potassium iodid. 
It is said to be an antiseptic and teniacide. Dose, 
5-60 gr. (0.333-4 gm.), s. lactate, a white, 
granular compound, Sr(C3H6O3)2 + 3H2O, soluble 
in water and alcohol: used as an anthelmintic, 
and in nephritis for reducing the albumin in the 
urine. Dose, 2-25 dr. (8-10 gm.), s. loretinate 
(basic), a salt in bright, delicate needles, Sr.I.O.- 
C9H4N.SO3. s. loretinate (normal), a salt, 
Sr(I.OHC9H4N.SO3)2 + 2H2O/ in orange-red 
crystals, s. phosphate, a salt, Srs(PO4)2, said to 
be antiseptic and teniacide, and to promote nutri- 
tion, s. salicylate, a salt, Sr(C7H.503)2 + 2H2O, 
in white crystals, soluble in 40 parts of water and 
freely in alcohol. It is recommended in gout and 
in certain intestinal and rheumatic disorders. 
Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.3-1 gm.) in a capsule. 
Strophan thin (stro-fan'thin). A poisonous, white, 
crystalline glucosid, C2oH34010, from strophan- 
thus. It is soluble in water and alcohol, and is 
used as a heart tonic. It is very powerful, and 
should be employed with the utmost caution. 
Dose, gr. (0.0002-0.0003 gm.). 
Strophanthone (stro-fan'thbn). A proprietary 
preparation of strophanthus seed. 
Strophanthus (stro-fan'thus) [Gr. arpcxpos cord + 
avdos flower], A genus of poisonous apocyna- 
ceous plants. The seeds of S. his'pidus and 5. 
kombe, African shrubs, are used like digitalis, 
chiefly in heart disease. Dose of the tincture, 1-6 
min. (0.066-0.4 c.c.); of the extract, f-i gr. 
(0.016-0.066 gm.). 
strophocephalus (strof-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. arpb<pos 
twisted -j- ne<paXr] head]. A fetal monster with 
portions of the head and face displaced. 
strophocephaly (strof-o-sef'al-e). The condition 
of a strophocephalus. 
strophulus (strof'u-lus) [L.]. A papular eruption 
of infants, called tooth-rash or gum-rash, of several 
varieties, s. al'bus, a variety known as white 
gum, or milium, s. can'didus, a variety of 
strophulus in which the papulae are larger, are not 
inflamed, but have a smooth, shining surface, which 
gives them a lighter color than the cuticle near 
them. s. confer'tus, a variety with crowded 
papillae. S. inter tine' tus, spotted strophulus, 
or red gum: a form in which the child's skin appears 
like cotton printed with red. s. prurigino'sus, 
a form characterized by intensely itching papules: 
seen chiefly in children, s. volat'icus, flying 
strophulus, or wildfire rash, a form characterized 
by a fugitive eruption. 
structural (struk'tu-ral). Pertaining to or af- 
fecting the structure. 
structural-functional (struk"tur-al-funk'shun- 
al). Pertaining to the structure and function of 
a part, as the brain. 
struma (stru'mah) [LJ. 1. Scrofula. 2. Goiter, 
s. aberra'ta, goiter affecting an accessory thyroid 
gland. adrenal s., suprarenal hyperplasia, 
s. aneurysmat'ica, vascular goiter in which the 
vessels are dilated. S. colloi'des, distention of 
the follicles of the thyroid gland with colloid secre- 
tion. s. cys'tica os'sea, cystic goiter with 
calcification. S. fibro'sa, thyroid enlargement 
caused by hyperplasia of the connective tissue. S. 
follicula'ris, parenchymatous goiter, s. gel- 
atino'sa, colloid goiter, s. lipomato'des 
aberra'ta re'nis, hypernephroma, s. lymph- 
at'ica, status lymphaticus. s. maligna, 
cancer of the thyroid body. s. nodo'sa, ade- 
noma of the thyroid gland, s. parenchy- 
mato'sa, enlargement of the thyroid gland due 
to follicular hyperplasia, s. pituita'ria, perma- 
nent enlargement of the pituitary body. Riedel's S., benign granuloma of the thyroid; ligneous 
thyroiditis, s. suprarena'lis, a peculiar tumor 
of the suprarenal capsule, consisting mainly of 
fatty tissue, thymus s., persistence of the thy- 
mus gland beyond the time when it usually atro- 
phies. s. vasculo'sa, vascular goiter. 
strumectomy (stru-mek'to-me) [struma 4- Gr. 
eKropr) excision]. Surgical removal of a scrofulous 
gland or of a goiter. 
strumiform (stru'mif-orm) [L. stru'ma scrofula 
4- for'ma shape]. Resembling struma. 
strumiprivic (stru-mip-riv'ik). Strumiprivous. 
strumiprivous (stru-mip-ri'vus) [L. strumipri'- 
vus; stru'ma goiter 4- pri'vus deprived]. Caused 
by the removal of the thyroid gland. See cachexia. 
strumitis (stru-mi'tis). Inflammation of. a thy- 
roid gland affected with goiter, eberthian s., 
strumitis due to infection with the typhoid bacillus. 
strumoderma (stru-mo-der'mah). Same as scrof- 
uloderma. 
strumosis (stru-mo'sis). The state of being stru- 
mous. 
Strumous (stru'mus) [L. strumo' sus\. Scrofulous: 
affected with or of the nature of scrofula. 
Striimpell's disease, sign, etc. (strim'pelz) 
[Adolf von Strumpell, physician in Leipsic, bom 
1853]. See disease, sign, etc. 
Strunsky's sign (strun'skez) [Max Strunsky, New 
York orthopedic surgeon]. See under sign. 
Struve's test (stru'vez) [Heinrich Struve, physi- 
cian in St. Petersburg], See under tests. 
struvit calculus or stone (stroo'vit). See under 
calculus. 
Strychnia (strik'ne-ah). Same as strychnin. 
strychnin (strik'nin) [L. strychni'na, strychni'- 
num, strych'nia]. A white, bitter, and poisonous 
crystalline alkaloid, C21H22N2O2, occurring in 
nux vomica, in various species of Strych'nos, 
and in Ignatia. It has the properties of nux 
vomica and of ignatia. It is much used recently 
in chronic alcoholism. Dose, gr. (0.001- 
0.005 gm.). Pure strychnin is less often pre- 
scribed than its salts; the hydrochlorid, sulphate, 
nitrate, citrate, and phosphate are those prin- 
cipally employed. The dose of these is the same 
as that of uncombined strychnin. See poisons, 
table of. s. arsenite, a soft, white, crystalline 
powder: tonic and diuretic; useful in tuberculosis, 
malaria, dyspepsia, and skin diseases. It has been 
used in cases of snake-bite. Dose, gr. 
(0.001-0.005 gm.), s. citrate, occurs in the iron 
and strychnin citrate of the U. S. P., which contains 
1 per cent, of strychnin, s. glycerophos- 
phate, a white powder. Dose, gr. (0.0015 gm.), 
s. hydrid, an agent in almost every respect 
opposite in its effects to the other preparations 
of strychnin, s. hydrochlorid, a crystalline 
salt, C21H22N2O2.HCI 4- 2H2O: used in a 1 per 
cent, solution (li'quor strychni'nce hydrochlor'fdi). 
s. hydro iodate, a salt, C21H22N2O2HIO3, occur- 
ring in colorless crystals, soluble in water. It is 
used in paralysis and anesthesia, and as a tonic. 
Subcutaneous dose, ^-^2 gr. (0.001-0.005 gm.), 
s. hypophosphite, a salt recommended for 
use in typhoid fever. S. iodate, a salt of strych- 
nin. Maximum hypodermic dose, 1 gr. (0.066 gm.), 
s. nitrate, a salt, C21H22N2O2.HNO3: used for 
dipsomania, saccharmated s., a mixture of 
64.6 per cent, of strychnia and 35.4 per cent, of 
saccharin, s. sulphate, a white, crystalline salt, 
(C2iH22N2O2)2-H2SO4 4" 5H2O: it is more employed 
than any other of the strychnin salts, s. valerate, 
a white crystalline powder. Dose, -fa gr. (0.0015 
gm.). 
strychninism (strik'nin-izm). A toxic condition 
due to the misuse of strychnin. See poisons, 
table of. 
strychninization (strik"nin-iz-a'shun). The act 
of bringing under the influence of strychnin. 
STRUMECTOMY 
1070 
Strychninomania (strik"nin-o-ma'ne-ah) [strych- 
nin 4- Gr. paid a madness]. Insanity due to 
strychnin poisoning. 
strychninum (strik-ni'num). i. Strychnin. 2. 
A homeopathic preparation of strychnin. 
strychnism (strik'nizm). Poisoning by strychnin, 
strychnize (strik'niz). To put under the influence 
of strychnin. 
Strychnos (strik'nos) [Gr. arpvxuos nightshade], 
A genus of loganiaceous tropical trees. See 
curare, hoang-nan, Ignatia, nux vomica, and 
strychnin. 
stuck-finger. Trigger-finger. See under finger. 
students' placenta (stu'dentz). See placenta. 
stump (stump). The distal end of the part of the 
limb left in amputation. 
stun (stun). To knock senseless; to render un- 
conscious by a blow or other force; to daze. 
stupe (stup) [L. stu'pa tow], A cloth, sponge, or 
the like, for external application, charged with 
hot water, wrung out nearly dry, and then made 
irritant or otherwise medicated. 
stupefacient, stupefactive (stu-pe-fa'shent, stu- 
pe-fak'tiv) [L. stupefa'ciens}. Narcotic or soporific. 
Stupemania (stu-pe-ma'ne-ah) [L. stu'por stupor 
+ Gr. pavia madness]. Stuporous insanity. 
Stupor (stu'por) [LJ. Partial or nearly complete 
unconsciousness, anergic s., a form of demen- 
tia in which the patient is quiet, listless, and non- 
resistant. delusional s., stuporous insanity or 
acute dementia. 
stuporose (stu'por-6s). Stuperous. 
stuporous (stu'por-us). Affected with or charac- 
terized by stupor. 
sturdy (stur'de). Staggers in sheep. 
sturin (stu'rin) [L. stu'rio sturgeon]. A protamin, 
from the spermatozoa of the sturgeon: it is an 
active bactericide. 
Sturm's interval (sturmz) [Johann Christoph 
Sturm, 1635-1703]. See focal interval, under interval. 
stuttering (stut'er-ing). A variety of faltering 
and interrupted speech characterized by difficulty 
in enunciating and joining together syllables; 
partial alalia syllabaris, or anarthria. labio- 
choreic s. Same as labiochorea. urinary s., 
interruption of the flow during urination. 
sty, stye (sti) [L. horde'olum]. Inflammation of 
one or more of the sebaceous glands of the eye- 
lids. meibomian s., inflammation of a mei- 
bomian gland at the posterior surface of the lid. 
zeissian s., inflammation of a zeissian gland 
occurring at the edge of the lids. 
stycosis (sti-ko'sis). The presence of calcium 
sulphate in the organs of the body, especially the 
lymph-glands. 
style, stylet (stil, sti'let) [L. sty'lus; Gr. aruXos 
post]. 1. A wire run through a catheter or can- 
nula to render it stiff or to clear it. 2. A slender 
probe; stilet. 
Styliform (sti'lif-orm) [L. sty'lus bodkin 4- for'ma 
shape]. Resembling or shaped like a bodkin. 
styliscus (sti-lis'kus) [L.; Gr. otvXLitkos pillar], 
A slender cylindric tent. 
stylo- [L. sty'lus pen]. A prefix implying some 
relation to the styloid process of the temporal bone. 
stylo-auricularis (sti"lo-aw-rik-u-la'ris). See in 
table of muscles, under muscle. 
styloglossus (sti-lo-glos'us) [styloid process 4* 
Gr. yXOiaoa tongue]. See muscles, table of. 
stylohyal (sti-lo-hi'al). Pertaining to the styloid 
process and the hyoid bone. 
stylohyoid (sti-lo-hi'oid). Pertaining to the sty- 
loid process and to the hyoid bone; also pertaining 
to the stylohyoid muscle. 
stylohyoideus <sti"lo-hi-oid'e-us). See muscles, 
table of. s. al'ter, an occasional muscular slip 
from the styloid process to the lesser cornu of 
STYLOHYOIDEUS the hyoid bone: it may replace the stylohyoid liga- 
ment. 
Styloid (sti'loid) [L. sty'lus pen + Gr. ethos form]. 
Resembling a pen, or stylus; long and pointed. 
stylolaryngeus (sti"lo-lar-in'je-us). That portion 
of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is inserted 
into the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis. 
Stylomandibular (sti"lo-man-dib'u-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the styloid process and the inferior maxillary 
bone. 
Stylomastoid (sti-lo-mas'toid). Pertaining to the 
styloid and mastoid processes. 
Stylomaxillary (sti-lo-maks'il-a-re). Pertaining to 
the styloid process and to the inferior maxilla. 
Stylomyloid (sti-lo-mi'loid) [L. sty'lus pen + Gr. 
pvXr) mill + ethos form]. Pertaining to the styloid 
process and to the region of the molar teeth. 
stylopharyngeus (sti"lo-far-in'je-us). See mus- 
cles, table of. 
Stylosanthes (sti-lo-san'thez) [Gr. arvXos pillar + 
avOos flower]. A genus of leguminous herbs, 
chiefly South American. 5. ela'tior, the pencil- 
flower of North America, is a uterine sedative. 
Dose of fluidextract, 10-20 min. (0.666-1.333 c.c.). 
Stylostapbyline (sti-lo-staf'il-in). Pertaining to 
the styloid process of the temporal bone and the 
velum palati. 
Stylosteophyte (sti-los'te-o-fit) [Gr. <ttv\os pillar 
+ osteophyte]. A pillar-shaped exostosis. 
stylostixis (sti-lo-stiks'is) [Gr. aruXos style + 
art^cs pricking]. See acupuncture. 
stylus (sti'lus) [L. "pen"]. A stilet; also a pencil- 
shaped medicinal preparation, as a stick of caustic. 
Stymatosis (sti-mat-o'sis) [Gr. arc pa priapism]. 
Priapism with a bloody discharge. 
Stypage (sti'paj, ste-pahzh') [Fr.]. The applica- 
tion of a stype to produce local anesthesia. 
Stype (stip) [Gr. ar birr) tow], A tampon or pledget, 
stypsis (stip'sis) [Gr. aru^is]. 1. Astringency; 
astringent action. 2. Treatment by astringents. 
Styptarnin (stip-tar'nin). A trade name for 
cotamin hydrochi orid. 
Styptase (stip'tas). A proprietary mixture of tannin- 
calcium chlorate with hamamelis and fluorids: used 
in checking hemorrhage. 
Styptic (stip'tik) [Gr. otvtttckos]. i. Astringent; 
arresting hemorrhage by means of an astringent 
quality. 2. A markedly astringent and hemo- 
static remedy. The chief styptics are alum, tannic 
acid, copper sulphate, iron chlorid and sulphate, 
and zinc chlorid. Binelli's S., a solution of cre- 
osote, used for arresting hemorrhage, chemic 
S., one which arrests hemorrhage by causing coagu- 
lation through chemic action. s. colloid, a 
substance prepared by saturating ether with 
tannin and gun-cotton: used as a dressing for 
wounds, and acting as a styptic, antiseptic, and 
air-excluder. Also called xylostyptic ether, me- 
chanic S., one which acts by causing coagula- 
tion mechanically, as a pledget of cotton, vascu- 
lar s., one which acts by producing contraction 
of the wounded vessels. Warren's s., lotio ad- 
stringens: sulphuric acid (5 fl.dr.), oil of turpentine 
(4 fl.dr.), and alcohol (4 fl.dr.). 
Stypticin (stip'tis-in). Cotamin hydrochlorid, 
Cx2Hj5NO4.HCl.H2O; a yellow, crystalline sub- 
stance, soluble in water and alcohol, and having 
styptic, analgesic, and sedative properties. It is 
used especially in violent hemorrhages, particu- 
larly uterine hemorrhage. Dose, gr. (0.025- 
0.05 gm.)_. It is often administered by the subcu- 
taneous injection of a 10 per cent, solution in 
amounts of 1-2 min. (0.066-0.133 c.c.). 
Styptogan (stip'to-gan). A proprietary potassium 
permanganate paste for hemostasis. 
Styptol (stip'tol). A neutral phthalate of cotarnin, 
(Ci2Hi4NO3)2C6H4(COO)2, in the form of a fine, 
crystalline powder: used for arresting uterine 
hemorrhage. Dose, | gr. (0.05 gm.). 
STYLOID 
1071 
Styracin (sti'ras-in). A crystalline principle, 
C18H16O2, obtained from styrax. 
Styracol (sti'rak-ol). Cinnamyl guaiacol, C6H5- 
(CH)2.CO.O.C6H4.OCH3, an antiseptic substance 
in colorless needles, soluble in alcohol, but in- 
soluble in water. It is used in intestinal catarrh 
and in tuberculosis. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
Styrax (sti'raks) [L.; Gr. ariipa^]. 1. A genus of 
styraceous trees and shrubs: several species afford 
balsams. See benzoin. 2. Same as storax. 
Styrol (sti'rol) [Gr. arupa^]. A fragrant liquid or 
oily hydrocarbon, C8H8, from storax. It is in- 
soluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether. 
Called also cinnamene and phenylethene. 
Styron (sti'ron). Cinnamyl alcohol, phenyl allyl 
alcohol, CgH5.CH:CH.CH2OH, a white, crystalline 
substance prepared from styracin and forming an 
emulsion with water. It is used in microscopy and 
histology as a bleach: as an antiseptic it is em- 
ployed in a 1 per cent, solution. 
Su., SU. Abbreviation for L. su'met, let him take. 
Sub- [L. sub under], A prefix signifying under, near, 
almost, or moderately. 
subabdominal (sub-ab-dom'in-al). Situated near 
or below the abdomen. 
subabdominoperitoneal (sub-ab-dom"in-o-per- 
it-o-ne'al). Situated below the abdominal perito- 
neum. 
subacetabular (sub-as-et-ab'u-lar). Below the 
acetabulum. 
subacetal (sub-as'et-al). A mixture of lead sub- 
acetate and alum: used for the preparation of a 
solution of aluminium acetate. 
subacetate (sub-as'et-at). Any basic acetate, 
subacid (sub-as'id). Somewhat acid. 
subacidity (sub-as-id'it-e). Deficient acidity. 
subacromial (sub-ak-ro'me-al). Situated below 
or beneath the acromion. 
subacute (sub-ak-ut'). Somewhat acute; between 
acute and chronic. 
subalimentation (sub-al-im-en-ta'shun). Insuf- 
ficient nourishment. 
SUbanal (sub-a'nal). Situated below the anus. 
subanconeus (sub-an-ko-ne'us). See muscles, ta- 
ble of. 
subapical (sub-ap'ik-al). Situated below the apex, 
subaponeurotic (sub"ap-on-u-rot'ik). Situated 
beneath the aponeurosis. 
subarachnoid (sub-ar-ak'noid). Situated or oc- 
curring beneath the arachnoid, s. space. See 
space. 
subarcuate (sub-ar'ku-at) [L. sub under + arcu- 
a'tus arched]. Somewhat arched or bent. 
subareolar (sub-ar-e'o-lar). Beneath the areola, 
s. abscess, a subcutaneous abscess of the areola 
of the nipple. 
subastragalar (sub-as-trag'al-ar). Situated or 
occurring under the astragalus. 
subastringent (sub-as-trin'jent). Moderately as- 
tringent. 
subatom (sub-at'om). A hypothetical component 
of an atom. 
subatomic (sub-at-om'ik). Pertaining to subatoms. 
Subatomic chemistry is the chemistry of the radio- 
active substances. 
subaural (sub-aw'ral). Situated beneath the ear. 
subauricular (sub-aw-rik'u-lar). Below the auri- 
cle of the ear. 
subaxial (sub-aks'e-al). Below an axis. 
subaxillary (sub-ak'sil-a-re). Below the arm- 
pit. 
subbasal (sub-ba'sal). Below the base. s. plexus. 
See stroma plexus. 
subbrachial (sub-bra'ke-al). Beneath the bra- 
chium (in cerebral anatomy). 
SUBBRACHYCEPHALIC 
subbrachycephalic (sub-bra-ke-sef-al'ik). Some- what brachycephalic; having the length-breadth 
index from 78 to 79. 
Subcain (sub-ka'in). A proprietary dental anes- 
thetic made of cocain, suprarenin, salicylic acid, 
etc. 
subcalcarine (sub-kal'kar-in). Beneath the cal- 
carine fissure. 
subcallosal convolution (sub-kal-o'sal). See 
convolution. 
subcalorism (sub-ka'lor-izm). Same as frigorism. 
subcapsular (sub-kap'su-lar). Situated below a 
capsule, especially the capsule of the cerebrum. 
subcapsuloperiosteal (sub-kap"su-lo-per-e-os'te- 
al). Beneath the capsule and the periosteum of a 
joint. 
subcarbonate (sub-kar'bon-at). Any basic car- 
bonate. 
subcartilaginous (sub"kar-til-aj'in-us). 1. Situ- 
ated beneath a cartilage. 2. Partly cartilaginous. 
subcecal fossa (sub-se'kal). See fossa. 
subcerebellar (sub-ser-e-bel'ar). Beneath the 
cerebellum. 
subchlorid (sub-klo'rid). That chlorid of any 
series which contains the least chlorin. 
subchondral (sub-kon'dral). Beneath a cartilage, 
subchordal (sub-kor'dal). Situated below or be- 
neath the notochord. 
subchorionic (sub-ko-re-on'ik). Situated beneath 
the chorion. 
subchoroidal (sub-ko-roi'dal). Beneath the cho- 
roid. 
subchronic (sub-kron'ik). Between chronic and 
subacute. 
subclavian (sub-kla've-an). Situated under the 
clavicle. 
subclavicular (sub"kla-vik'u-lar). Situated under 
the clavicle. 
subclavius (sub-kla've-us) [L.]. See muscles, 
table of. 
subcollateral convolution (sub-kol-at'er-al). See 
convolution. 
subconjunctival (sub-kon-junk-te'val). Situated 
or occurring beneath the conjunctiva. 
subconscious (sub-kon'shus). Imperfectly or par- 
tially conscious. 
subconsciousness (sub-kon'shus-nes). The state 
of being partially conscious: the condition in which 
mental processes occur with the mind nearly or 
quite conscious of the action. Cf. dissociation. 
subcontinuous (sub-kon-tin'u-us). Nearly con- 
tinuous; remittent. 
subcoracoid (sub-kor'ak-oid). Situated beneath 
the coracoid process. 
subcortex (sub-kor'teks). That part of the brain- 
substance which underlies the cortex. 
subcortical (sub-kor'tik-al). Situated beneath the 
cortex. 
subcostal (sub-kos'tal). Situated beneath a costa or 
rib. 
subcostalgia (sub-kos-tal'je-ah) [subcostal + Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Pain over'the subcostal nerve, i. e., 
in the region of the appendix, epigastrium, and 
kidney. 
subcranial (sub-kra'ne-al). Beneath the cranium. 
subcrepitant (sub-krep'it-ant). Nearly or indis- 
tinctly crepitant. 
subcrepitation (sub"krep-it-a'shun). An indis- 
tinctly crepitant sound. 
subcruralis (sub-kru-ra'lis). Same as subcrurceus. 
subcrureus (sub-kru-re'us). See muscles, table of. 
subculture (sub-kult'ur). A culture of bacteria 
derived from another culture. 
subcuneus (sub-ku'ne-us). A group of convolu- 
tions under the cuneus, and continuous with the 
gyrus fornicatus. 
SUBCAIN 
1072 
subcutaneous (sub-ku-ta'ne-us). Situated or oc- 
curring beneath the skin. 
subcutaneus colli (sub-kurta'ne-us col'i). The 
platysma myoides muscle. 
subcuticular (sub-ku-tik'u-lar). Situated beneath 
the epidermis. 
subcutin (sub-ku'tin). Paraphenolsulphonate of 
anestjiesin: used like anesthesin. 
subcutis (sub-ku'tis) [L. sub under + cu'tis skin]. 
The subcutaneous tissue. 
subcutoyd (sub-ku'toid). A proprietary name for 
a medicinal preparation for hypodermic use. 
subdelirium (sub-de-lir'e-um). Partial or mild 
delirium. 
subdeltoid (sub-del'toid). Beneath the deltoid 
muscle. 
subdental (sub-den'tal) [L. sub under + dens 
tooth]. Beneath the teeth. 
subdermal, subdermic (sub-der'mal, sub-der'- 
mik). Hypodermic. 
subdiaphragmatic (sub"di-af-rag-mat'ik). Situ- 
ated beneath the diaphragm. 
subdorsal (sub-dor7sal). Situated below the dor- 
sal region. 
subduct (sub-dukt'). To depress or draw down. 
subdural (sub-du'ral). Situated beneath the dura, 
subencephalon (sub-en-sef'al-on). The oblongata, 
pons, crura, and corpora quadrigemina. 
subendocardial (sub"en-do-kar'de-al). Situated 
beneath the endocardium. 
subendothelial (sub"en-do-the'le-al). Situated 
beneath an endothelial membrane. 
subendothelium (sub"en-do-the'le-um). De- 
bove's membrane (q. v.). 
subendymal (sub-en'dim-al). Situated beneath 
the endyma. 
subepidermal, subepidermic (sub-ep-id-er'mal, 
sub-ep-id-er'mik). Situated or occurring beneath 
the epidermis. 
subepiglottic (sub-ep-e-glot'ik). Below the epi- 
glottis. 
subepithelial (sub-ep-e-the'le-al). Situated be- 
neath the epithelium, s. endothelium. Same 
as Debove's membrane. See under membrane. 
suberin (su'ber-in). An insoluble variety of cellu- 
lose derived from cork. 
subeston (sub-es'ton). Dibasic aluminum acetate: 
used as an astringent, antiseptic, and deodorizer. 
subexcite (sub-eks-It'). To excite in a partial man- 
ner. 
subextensibility (sub-eks-ten-sib-il'it-e). De- 
creased extensibility. 
subfalcial (sub-fal'se-al). Beneath the falx cerebri. 
subfascial (sub-fas'e-al). Situated beneath a 
fascia. 
subfebrile (sub-feb'rll). Somewhat febrile. 
Sub. fin. coct. Abbreviation for L. sub fi'nem 
coclio'nis, toward the end of boiling. 
subfissure (sub-fish'ur). A fissure of the brain con- 
cealed by two overlapping convolutions. 
subflavous (sub-fla'vus) [L. sub under + fla'vus 
yellow]. Yellowish. 
subfoliar (sub-fo'le-ar). Pertaining to a subfolium. 
subfolium (sub-fo'le-um) [L. sub under + fo'lium 
leaf]. Any one of the elementary divisions of a 
cerebellar folium. 
subfrontal (sub-frun'tal). Situated beneath a 
frontal lobe or convolution. 
subgallate (sub-gal'at). A basic gallate. See 
bismuth subgallate. 
subgemmal (sub-jem'al) [L. sub under + gem'- 
ma bud]. Situated under a taste-bud or other 
bud. 
subgerminal (sub-jer'min-al). Below or under the 
germ. 
SUBGERMINAL subglenoid (sub-gle'noid). Situated under the 
glenoid fossa, as, subglenoid dislocation of the 
humerus. 
subglossal (sub-glos'al). Same as sublingual. 
subglossitis (sub-glos-i'tis) [L. sub under + glos'sa 
tongue + Gr. -ms inflammation]. Inflammation 
of the lower surface of the tongue. 
subglottic (sub-glot'ik). Situated or occurring 
under the glottis. 
subgranular (sub-gran-u'lar). Somewhat granular, 
subgrondation (sub-gron-da'shun) [Fr.]. The 
depression of one fragment of bone beneath an- 
other. 
subgyre (sub-jlr). Subgyrus. 
subgyrus (sub-ji'rus). Any gyrus that is partly 
concealed or covered by another or by others. 
subhepatic (sub-he-pat'ik). Situated beneath the 
liver. 
subhumeral (sub-hu'mer-al). Below or beneath the 
humerus. 
subhyaloid (sub-hi'al-oid). Occurring beneath the 
hyaloid membrane. 
subhyoid (sub-hi'oid). Subhyoidean. 
subhyoidean (sub-hi-oid'e-an). Situated or occur- 
ring under the hyoid. 
subicteric (sub-ik-ter'ik). Somewhat jaundiced. 
subicular (sub-ik'u-lar). Of or pertaining to the 
uncinate gyrus. 
subiculum (sub-ik'u-lum) [L. "support"]. That 
part of the gyrus hippocampi which borders the 
fissura hippocampi. The term is sometimes ap- 
plied to the whole of this gyrus, s. promonto'- 
rii, a ridge of bone bounding the fenestra vestibuli 
behind. 
subiliac (sub-il'e-ak). Below the ilium. 
subilium (sub-il'e-um). The lowest portion of the 
ilium. 
sub imbibitional (sub-im-bib-ish'on-al). Due to 
deficient intake of liquid. 
subincision (sub-in-sizh'un) [L. sub under + in- 
cid'ere to cut]. The creation of an opening into 
the urethra on the under side of the penis; a custom 
common among various savage and barbarous 
races. It does not render coitus unfruitful. 
subinfection (sub-in-fek'shun). 1. Autoinfection 
due to weakening of the resisting cells of the 
organism from constant effort in overcoming toxic 
cells. 2. A condition in which bacteria that have 
gained entrance to the system become destroyed, 
and with their destruction liberate toxins which 
poison the cells around them. 
sub inflammation (sub"in-flam-a'shun). Slight 
or mild inflammation. 
sub inflammatory (sub-in-flam'at-or-e). Char- 
acterized by a mild inflammation. 
subintegumental (sub-in-teg-u-men'tal). Be- 
neath the skin. 
sub intimal (sub-in'tim-al). Beneath the intima, 
sub intrance (sub-in'trans). Anticipating recur- 
rence. 
subintrant (sub-in'trant) [L. subin'trans entering 
by stealth], 1. Beginning before the completion 
of a previous cycle or paroxysm; anticipating. 
2. Characterized by anticipating recurrences. 
subinvolution (sub"in-vo-lu'shun). Incomplete 
involution; failure of a part to return to its nor- 
mal size and condition after enlargement from 
functional activity, as, subinvolution of the uterus. 
subiodid (sub-i'o-did). That iodid of any series 
which contains the least iodin. 
subjacent (sub-ja'sent) [L. sub under + ja'cere to 
lie]. Lying beneath or underneath. 
subject (sub'jekt) [L. subjec'tus cast under]. 1. 
A person or animal subjected to treatment, obser- 
vation, or experiment. 2. A body for dissection. 
subjective (sub-jek'tiv) [L. subjecti'vus}. Pertain- 
SUBGLENOID 
1073 
ing to or perceived only by the affected individual; 
not perceptible to the senses of another person, as, 
subjective symptoms, sensations, etc. 
subj ectoscope (sub-jek'to-skop) [subjective sensa- 
tion + Gr. aKorreiv to view]. An instrument used 
in the study of subjective visual sensations. 
subjee (sub'je) [Hind, sabzl; literally, "greenness"]. 
The capsules and larger leaves of Can'nabis in'- 
dica. See bhang. 
sub jugal (sub-ju'gal) [L. sub under + juga'le malar 
bone]. Situated below the malar bone. 
sublamin (sub'lam-in). Ethylendiamin-mercury 
sulphate, HgSC>4.2C2H4(NH2)2.2H2O, a white, 
crystalline compound. It is a disinfectant for the 
hands, and has been used in syphilis. 
sublatio (sub-la'she-o) [LJ. Removal, s. ret'- 
inae, detachment of the retina. 
sublation (sub-la'shun) [L. subla'tio removal]. The 
removal, detachment, or displacement of a part. 
sublethal (sub-le'thal). Not quite fatal; as a dose, 
sublimate (sub'lim-at) [L. sublima'tum]. A sub- 
stance obtained or prepared by sublimation, cor- 
rosive S., mercuric chlorid. 
sublimation (sub-lim-a'shun) [L. sublima'tio]. i. 
The process of vaporizing and condensing a solid 
substance without melting it. 2. Freud's term for 
the process of deviating sexual motive powers from 
sexual aims or objects to new aims or objects other 
than sexual. 
sublime (sub-liin') [L. sublima're}. To volatilize a 
solid body by heat and then to collect it in a purified 
form as a solid or powder. 
subliminal (sub-lim'in-al) [L. sub under + li'men 
threshold]. Below the limen, or threshold of sen- 
sation. 
sublimis (sub-li'mis) [L.]. High; superficial. 
sublimophenol (sub-li-mo-fe'nol). A proprietary 
surgical antiseptic, mercury chlorophenolate. 
sublingual (sub-lin'gwal) [L. sub under + Un' gud 
tongue], 1. Situated under the tongue. 2. Sup- 
plying the parts beneath the tongue. See artery, 
gland, etc. 
sublinguitis (sub-lin-gwi'tis). Inflammation of 
the sublingual gland. 
sub lobe (sub'lob). A division of a lobule. 
sublobular (sub-lob'u-lar). Situated beneath a 
lobule. 
sublumbar (sub-lum'bar). Situated beneath the 
lumbar region. 
subluxation (sub-luks-a'shun) [L. sub under + 
luxa'tio dislocation]. An incomplete or partial 
dislocation. 
sublymphemia (sub-lim-fe'me-ah). Same as hypo- 
ly mphemia. 
submammary (sub-mam'ar-e). Situated or oc- 
curring beneath a mammary gland. 
submarginal (sub-mar'jin-al). Situated beneath 
or near a margin. 
submarine (sub-mar-en'). In dentistry, covered 
with the fluids of the mouth, as, submarine filling. 
submaxilla (Sub-maks-il'ah) [L. sub under + max- 
il'la .jaw]. The lower jaw or jaw-bone. 
submaxillaritis (sub-maks''il-ar-i'tis). Mumps 
affecting the submaxillary gland. 
submaxillary (sub-maks'il-a-re). Situated beneath 
a maxilla. See gland. 
submaxillitis (sub"maks-il-i'tis). Inflammation 
of a submaxillary gland; a variety of mumps. 
submedial, submedian (sub-me'de-al, -me'de- 
an). Beneath or near the middle. 
submembranous (sub-mem'bran-us). Partially 
membranous. 
submental (sub-men'tal) [L. sub under + men'turn 
chin]. Situated below the chin. 
submersion (sub-mer'shun) [L. sub under + mer'- 
gere to dip]. The act of putting or the condition of 
being under the surface of a liquid. 
SUBMERSION Submicron (sub-mi'kron). An ultramicroscopic 
particle which may be observed with the ultra- 
microscope. Called also hypomicron. 
submicroscopic (sub"mi-kro-skop'ik). Too small 
to be visible with the microscope. 
submorphous (sub-mor'fus). Neither amorphous 
nor perfectly crystalline. 
submucosa (sub-mu-ko'sah). The layer of areolar 
tissue situated beneath the mucous membrane. 
submucosal (sub-mu-ko'sal). Beneath the mu- 
cosa. 
submucous (sub-mu'kus). Situated beneath or 
under the mucous membrane. 
subnarcotic (sub-nar-kot'ik). Moderately nar- 
cotic. 
subnasal (sub-na'zal). Situated below the nose. 
subneural (sub-nu'ral). Situated beneath a nerve 
or the neural axis. 
subnitrate (sub-ni'trat). A basic nitrate. 
subnormal (sub-nor'mal). Below or less than 
normal. 
subnotochordal (sub"no-to-kor'dal). Situated 
beneath the notochord. 
subnucleus (sub-nu'kle-us). A partial or sec- 
ondary nucleus into which a large nerve-nucleus 
may be split up. 
subnutrition (sub-nu-trish'un). Defective nutri- 
tion. 
suboccipital (sub-ok-sip'it-al). Situated below or 
under the occiput. 
suboperculum (sub-o-per'ku-lum). The portion 
of the occipital gyrus that overlies the insula. 
suboptimal (sub-op'tim-al). Below the optimum. 
See optimum. 
suboptimum (sub-op'tim-um). A temperature 
lower than that which is optimal or best suited to 
the growth of an organism. 
suborbital (sub-or'bit-al). Situated beneath the 
orbit. 
suboxid (sub-oks'id). That oxid in any series which 
contains the least oxygen. 
suboxidation (sub"oks-id-a'shun). Deficiency in 
the supply of oxygen; deficient oxidation. 
subpapular (sub-pap'u-lar). Indistinctly papular. 
subparalytic (sub"par-al-it'ik). Partially para- 
lytic. 
subparietal (sub-par-i'et-al). Situated beneath or 
below a parietal bone, convolution, or fissure. 
subpatellar (sub-pat-el'ar). Situated'beneath or 
below the patella. 
subpectoral (sub-pek'tor-al). Beneath the pec- 
toral muscle. 
subpeduncular (sub-pe-dung'ku-lar). Situated 
beneath a peduncle. 
subpelviperitoneal (sub-pel" vip-er-it-o-ne'al). 
Beneath the pelvic peritoneum. 
subpericardial (sub"per-ik-ar'de-al). Situated 
beneath the pericardium. 
subperiosteal (sub"per-e-os'te-al). Situated be- 
neath or under the periosteum. 
subperiosteocapsular (sub"per-e-os-te-o-kap'su- 
lar). Same as subcapsuloperiosteal. 
subperitoneal (sub"per-it-o-ne'al). Situated or 
occurring beneath the peritoneum. 
subperitoneo-abdominal (sub"per-it-o-ne"o-ab- 
dom'in-al). Occurring beneath the abdominal 
peritoneum. 
subper itoneopelvic (sub"per-it-o-ne-o-pel'vik). 
Occurring beneath the peritoneum of the pelvis. 
subpersonal (sub-per'sun-al). Having an abnor- 
mally slight individuality. 
subpetrosal sinus (sub-pe-tro'sal). The inferior 
petrosal sinus. 
subpharyngeal (sub-far-in'je-al). Situated be- 
neath the pharynx. 
SUBMICRON 
1074 
subphrenic (sub-fren'ik). Situated beneath or 
under the diaphragm. 
subpial (sub-pi'al). Situated beneath the pia mater, 
subplacenta (sub-pla-sen'tah). The decidua vera. 
subpleural (sub-plu'ral). Situated beneath the 
pleura. 
subplexal (sub-plek'sal). Beneath the cerebral 
plexus. 
subpontine (sub-pon'tin). Situated below the 
pons. 
subpreputial (sub-pre-pu'shal). Situated below 
the prepuce. 
subpubic (sub-pu'bik). Situated or performed be- 
low the pubic arch. 
subpulmonary (sub-pul'mo-na-re). Situated or 
occurring below the lung. 
subpulpal (sub-pul'pal). Situated below the dental 
pulp. 
subpyramidal (sub-pir-am'id-al). Situated below 
a pyramid. 
subrectal (sub-rek'tal). Below the rectum. 
subretinal (sub-ret'in-al). Situated below the 
retina. 
subrostral (sub-ros'tral). Beneath the rostrum, 
sub salt (sub'sa wit). Any basic salt. 
subsartorial plexus (sub-sar-to're-al). See plexus. 
subscaphocephaly (sub"skaf-o-sef'al-e). The con- 
dition of being moderately scaphocephalic. 
subscapular (sub-skap'u-lar). i. Situated below 
or under the scapula. 2. Supplying the subscap- 
ularis muscle. 
subscapularis (sub"skap-u-la'ris). See muscles, 
table of. 
subscleral (sub-skle'ral). Occurring beneath the 
sclera. 
subsclerotic (sub-skle'rot-ik). Beneath the scle- 
rotic. 
subscription (sub-skrip'shun). That part of a 
prescription which gives the directions for com- 
pounding the ingredients. See prescription. 
subserosa (sub-se-ro'sah). Subserous tissue. 
subserous (sub-se'rus). Situated beneath a serous 
membrane. 
subsibilant (sub-sib'il-ant). Having a muffled, 
whistling sound. 
subspinous (sub-spi'nus). Dislocation of the head 
of the humerus into the space below the spine of 
the scapula. 
subsplenial (sub-sple'ne-al). Beneath the sple- 
nium of the corpus callosum. 
substage (sub'staj). That part of the microscope 
which is situated beneath the stage. 
substance (sub'stans) [L. substan'tid\. The ma- 
terialof which an organ or body is made up. ag- 
glutinable s., a substance existing in red blood- 
corpuscles and bacteria, with which the agglu- 
tinin unites. to produce specific agglutination, 
agglutinating s. Same as agglutinin, a-s., 
alpha s. See reticular s. antacoid s. See 
antacoid. /3-s., beta s. See Heinz bodies, under 
body, black s. See substantia nigra, cement 
S., the intercellular substance of certain tissues, 
as endothelium, chromophilic s. See Nissl 
bodies, under body, colloid S., the jelly-like 
substance formed in colloid degeneration, cyto- 
toxin s. See cytolysin. depressor s., a sub- 
stance secreted by the pituitary, which produces 
a fall in blood-pressure, dotted s., a granular 
material which makes up a large part of the central 
nervous system of invertebrates, gray s., the 
gray matter, i. e., the cellular or ganglionic portion 
of the brain and spinal cord, hemolytic s., the 
material in a serum which destroys the red blood- 
cells of a serum added to it; a cytase or alexin, in- 
terspongioplastic s., cytochylema. medul- 
lary s. 1. The white substance of Schwann. 2. 
The soft, marrow-like substance of the interior of an 
SUBSTANCE SUBSTANDARD 
1075 
SUBTUBERAL 
organ. See substantia medullaris. s. of Nissl. 
See Nissl bodies, under body. perforated 
S. See substantia perforata. prelipoid s., 
degenerated nerve tissue which has not yet been 
converted into fat. pressor s., any one of 
several products of intestinal putrefaction found 
in normal urine which, when injected into ani- 
mals, produces increased blood-pressure, re- 
action S., a substance formed in the body 
of an animal on immunization with cellular 
products from an animal of another species. 
Called also adaptation-product, reticular s. 1. 
Ihe ^et-like mass of threads seen in red blood-cor- 
puscles after vital staining; called also alpha sub- 
stance and filar mass. 2. Same as formatio reticula- 
ris. Rolando's gelatinous s. See substantia 
gelatinosa. Rollett's secondary s., the transpa- 
rent material lying in narrow zones on each side of 
Krause's disks. Rovida's hyaline s., a stringy 
mass formed by treating pus with a 10 per cent, so- 
dium chlorid solution, sarcous S., the substance 
composing the sarcous elements of muscle, s. sen- 
sibilis'atrice, sensibilizing s. (Bordet), 
sensitizings. Same as amboceptor. Sommer- 
ing's gray s. See substantia nigra, thrombo- 
plastic s. See zymo plastic s. tigroid s. See 
Nissl bodies, under body, white S., the white 
matter, i. e., the dendritic or conducting portion of 
the brain and spinal cord, white s. of Schwann, 
the material of which the medullary sheath of a 
nerve-fiber is composed; myelin, zyrnoplastic 
S., a substance in the tissues which hastens the 
coagulation of the blood (A. Schmidt). Called also 
thromboplastic s., thromboplastin, thrombokinase, 
coagulin, and cytogen. 
substandard (sub-stan'dard). Not up to the nor- 
mal standard. 
substantia (sub-stan'she-ah). Latin for substance. 
s. adamanti'na [B N A], the tooth-enamel, s. 
al'ba [B N A], the white matter of the brain and 
spinal cord. s. cine'rea, the gray substance of 
the brain and spinal cord. s. compac'ta, the 
compact substance of bone. S. cortica'lis [B N 
A], the cortical substance of an organ, as the kid- 
ney, the cerebrum, a bone. s. ebur'nea [B N A], 
the dentin of a tooth, s. ferrugin'ea, the bodies 
which underlie the locus caeruleus of the triangle of 
the floor of the fourth ventricle: it is believed that 
the trophic fibers of the trigeminal nerve are de- 
rived thence, s. gelatino'sa, the substance 
which sheaths the posterior horn of the spinal cord 
(5. gelatino'sa Rolan'di [B N A]) and lines the cen- 
tral canal, s. gelatino'sa centralis [BNA], 
the zone of clear space surrounding the central canal 
of the myelospongium. s. gris'ea, gray matter, 
especially that of the spinal cord. s. gris'ea 
centra'lis [B N A], substantia gelatinosa cen- 
tralis. s. hyali'na, the more fluid interstitial 
part of the protoplasm of a cell. S. innomina'ta, 
the nerve tissue immediately caudal to the anterior 
perforated space, s. len'tis [B N A], the sub- 
stance of the crystalline lens. s. medulla'ris [B 
N A], the soft marrow-like substance of the interior 
of an organ. In the B N A terminology the following 
are recognized: s. m. glan'dulce suprarena'lis of the 
suprarenal gland, s. m. lymphoglan'dulce of lymph- 
nodes, 5. m. re'nis of the kidney, 5. m. os'sium or 
bone-marrow, s. metachromaticogranula'ris. 
See Heinz bodies, under body, s. ni'gra [B N A], an 
area of gray matter dorsal of the basis pedunculi. 
Called also black substance, locus niger, intercala- 
tum, and ganglion of Soemmering, s. opa'ca, 
the reticulum of the protoplasm of a cell. s. 
os'sea [B N A], the cementum of the teeth, s. 
perfora'ta, a posterior embryonic structure in the 
floor of the third ventricle, s. perfora'ta ante'- 
rior [B N A], the anterior perforated space. See 
space, s. perfora'ta posterior [B N A], the 
posterior perforated space. See space, s. pro'- 
pria, the essential tissue or substance of an organ 
or structure; especially the middle, or connective- 
tissue, layer of the membrana tympani; also the 
connective tissue, or parenchyma, of the cornea, 
s. reticula'ris, formatio reticularis, s. retic- 
ula'ris al'ba [B N A], the network of white fibers 
covering the uncinate convolution, s. reticulo- 
filamento'sa. Same as reticular substance. See 
substance, s. spongio'sa. i. [B N A] The spongy 
substance of bone. 2. The gray matter of the horns 
of the spinal cord, except that part which forms 
the substantia gelatinosa. s. vit'rea, the tooth 
enamel. 
sub sternal (sub-ster'nal). Situated below the 
sternum. 
substernomastoid (sub-ster-no-mas'toid). Be- 
neath the sternomastoid muscle. 
substitol (sub'stit-ol). A dried preparation of the 
fibrin of the blood of horses: used as a vulnerary. 
substitution (sub-stit-u'shun) [L. substitu'tio, from 
sub under + statu'ere to place]. The act of putting 
one thing in the place of another; especially the 
chemic replacement of one substance by another; 
also the fraudulent use of one drug in place of an- 
other by an apothecary in compounding a pre- 
scription. 
substitutive (sub'stit-u-tiv). Effecting a change 
or substitution of symptoms. 
substrate (sub'strat) [L. sub under + stra'tum 
layer]. A substratum, or lower stratum; the term 
is applied to the substance upon which a ferment 
or enzyme acts. 
substratum (sub-stra'tum) [L.]. A substance, or 
lower stratum, s. molecula're, s. pyramida'le 
lacrimo'sum, s. radia'tum, etc. See stratum. 
subsulcus (sub-sul'kus). A sulcus concealed by 
another. 
subsulphate (sub-sul'fat). A basic sulphate. 
subsultus tendinum (sub-sul'tus ten'din-um) [L.]. 
A twisting movement of the muscles and tendons 
in a typhoid state or condition. 
subsyIvian (sub-sil've-an). Situated beneath the 
fissure of Sylvius. 
subtarsal (sub-tar/sal). Situated below the tarsus, 
sub tegumental (sub"teg-u-men'tal). Subcutane- 
ous. 
subtemporal (sub-tem'por-al). Beneath the tem- 
ple or any temporal structure or part. s. con- 
volution, the inferior temporal convolution. S. 
fissure, an occasional fissure in the inferior and 
middle temporal convolutions. 
subtenial (sub-te'ne-al). Situated beneath the 
tenia. 
subtentorial (sub-ten-to're-al). Beneath the ten- 
torium. 
sub tetanic (sub-tet-an'ik). Mildly tetanic: said 
of convulsions less severe than those of tetanus. 
subthalamic (sub-thal-am'ik). Situated below the 
thalamus. 
subthalamus (sub-thal'am-us) [L.]. A portion of 
the hypothalamus situated between the thalamus 
and the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. It con- 
tains the hypothalamic nucleus. Cf. hypothalamus. 
subthyroideus (sub-thi-roi'de-us) [LJ. A muscle 
formed by the junction of the superior and inferior 
portions of the thyro-arytenoid muscle. 
subthyroidism (sub-thi'roi-dizm). Hypothyroid- 
ism. 
subtile (sub'til) [L. sub'Ulis]. Keen and acute, 
as, a subtile pain. 
subtle (sut'l) [L. sub'Ulis]. 1. Very fine, as, a subtle 
powder. 2. Same as subtile. 
subtotal (sub-to'tal). Nearly but not quite total. 
subtrapezial (sub-tra-pe'ze-al). Beneath the tra- 
pezius muscle, as, subtrapezial plexus. 
subtrochanteric (sub"tro-kan-ter'ik). Situated 
below a trochanter. 
subtrochlear (sub-trok'le-ar). Situated beneath 
the trochlea. 
subtuberal (sub-tu'ber-al). Situated under a tuber. sub tympanic (sub-tim-pan'ik). Having a some- 
what tympanic quality. 
sububeres (sub-u'ber-ez). Latin for unweaned 
or suckling children. 
subumbilical (sub-um-bil'ik-al). Situated be- 
neath the umbilicus, as, subumbilical space. 
subungual, subunguial (sub-ung'wal, sub-ung'- 
we-al) [L. sub under 4- un'guis nail]. Situated 
beneath a nail. 
suburethral (sub-u-re'thral). Situated or occur- 
ring beneath the urethra. 
subvaginal (sub-vaj'in-al) [L. sub under 4- vagi'na 
sheath]. Situated under a sheath, or below the 
vagina. 
sub vertebral (sub-veFte-bral). Situated on the 
ventral side of the vertebral column. 
sub virile (sub-viFil). Having deficient virility. 
subvitrinal (sub-vit'rin-al). Situated beneath the 
vitreous. 
subvo la (sub-vo'lah). The space between the 
second and third fingers. 
subvolution (sub-vo-lu'shun) [L. sub under 4- 
vol'vere to turn]. The operation of turning over 
of a flap; especially the operation of dissecting and 
turning up a pterygium, so that the outer or cutan- 
eous surface comes in contact with the raw surface 
of the dissection. It is done to prevent readhesion. 
sub waking (sub-wa'king). Intermediate between 
waking and sleeping. 
subzonal (sub-zo'nal). Situated beneath a zone, 
as the zona pellucida. 
subzygomatic (sub"zi-go-mat'ik). Situated be- 
low the zygoma. 
succagogue (suk'ag-og) [L. suc'cus juice 4- Gr. 
aycoybs leading]. Inducing glandular secretion; also 
an agent which stimulates glandular secretion. 
succedaneous (suk-se-da'ne-us). Of the nature 
of a succedaneum. 
succedaneum (suk-se-da'ne-um) [L.]. A medi- 
cine or material that may be substituted for another 
of like properties. 
succenturiate (suk-sen-tu're-at) [L. succenturia're]. 
Accessory; serving as a substitute. 
succinate (suk'sin-at). Any salt of succinic acid, 
succinic acid (suk-sin'ik). See acid. 
succinimid (suk-sin-i'mid). A colorless compound, 
(CH2.CO)2NH, formed by the action of gaseous 
ammonia on succinic anhydrid. 
succinol (suk'sin-ol). Purified amber tar-oil, used 
in eczema, pruritus, and psoriasis. 
succinoresinol (suk"sin-o-rez'in-ol). A resinol 
from amber, Ci2H20O. 
succinous (suk'sin-us). Pertaining to amber, 
succinum (suk'sin-um). Latin for amber. 
succorrhea, succorrhoea (suk-or-e'ah) [L. sucfcus 
juice 4- Gr. poia flow]. An excessive flow of a 
juice or secretion, as in ptyalism. 
succuba (suk'u-bah) [L.; from succum'bere to lie 
under]. An imaginary female monster, or demon, 
formerly believed to copulate with and cause night- 
mare in men. 
succubus (suk'u-bus) [L. from succum'bere to lie 
under]. An imaginary monster, or demon, for- 
merly regarded as a cause of nightmare. 
succus (suk'us). Latin for juice, s. al'terans, 
a proprietary alterative and antisyphilitic, s. 
cit'ri, lime juice, s. enter'icus, the enteric, 
or intestinal, juice. S. gas'tricus, the gastric 
juice, s. pomo'rum, sweet cider or fresh apple 
juice, s. prostat'icus, prostatic fluid. 
SUCCUSSion (suk-ush'un) [L. succus'sio], The 
act of shaking a patient, so as to detect the pres- 
ence of a liquid in the cavities of the body, hip- 
pocratic s., that which is performed for the 
diagnosis of pyopneumothorax and seropneumo- 
thorax. S. sounds, splashing sounds heard on 
succussion over a distended stomach and in hydro- 
pneumothorax. 
SUBTYMPANIC 
1076 
sucholo-albumin (su"ko-lo-al-bu'min) [L. sus 
pig 4- Gr. %oXi? bile + albumin]. A poisonous 
protein characteristic of hog-cholera, and ob- 
tained from cultures of the bacillus. It is in- 
jected for the purpose of giving immunity to the 
disease. 
sucholotoxin (su"ko-lo-tok'sin) [L. sus pig + Gr. 
X0X17 bile + toxin], A toxin from cultures of 
the bacillus of hog-cholera. 
suck (suk). To feed from the breast. 
sucking-pad. See pad, sucking-. 
sucking, wind- (suk'ing). See cribbing. 
suckle (suk'l). To nourish from the breast. 
sucramin (su'kram-in). The ammonium salt of 
saccharin. 
sucrase (su'kras). Same as invertin. 
sucrate (su'krat). A compound of a substance 
with sucrose. 
sucroclastic (su-kro-klas'tik) [Fr. sucre sugar + 
Gr. KXaffTos destruction]. Splitting up sugar; as, 
a sucroclastic enzyme. 
sucrol (su'krol). A sweet, crystalline substance, 
NH2.CO.NH.C6H4.OC2H5, or paraphenetolcar- 
bamid, soluble in alcohol, sparingly in water, and 
used as a substitute for sugar in cases of diabetes. 
Called also dulcin and valzin. 
sucrose (su'kros). Same as saccharose. 
suction (suk'shun) [L. su'gere to suck]. 1. The act 
or process of sucking or of aspirating. 2. In den- 
tistry, a depression or chamber in an artificial 
denture which, through the action of suction, 
assists in the retention of the denture, posttus- 
sive s., a sucking sound heard over a lung cavity 
just after a cough. 
suctorial (suk-to're-al). Fitted for performing 
suction. 
sucuuba (soo-koo-oo'bah). The Plume'ria pha- 
geden'ica, a medicinal plant of South America. 
sudamen (su-da'men) [L.]. See sudamina. 
sudamina (su-dam'in-ah) [pl. of L. suda'men, from 
suda're to sweat]. Whitish vesicles caused by 
the retention of sweat in the sudorific ducts or 
the layers of the epidermis. The vesicles are 
about the size of millet-seeds, and the eruption 
occurs after profuse sweating, or in certain febrile 
diseases. 
sudaminal (su-dam'in-al). Pertaining to or re- 
sembling sudamina. 
Sudan (su-dan'). A diazo-compound, C2oH14NlzO, 
in the form of a brown powder, used as a stain for 
fat: called also pigment brown. S. Ill, a red 
stain, C22H18N4O, soluble in alcohol, chloroform, 
essential oils, and xylol: used as a stain for tubercle 
bacillus, s. yellow G, a brown powder, Ci2H10- 
N2O2, used as a stain for fats. 
sudanophil, sudanophilous (su-dan'o-fil, su- 
dan-of'il-us). Staining readily with Sudan. 
sudanophilia (su"dan-o-fil'e-ah) [sudan 4- Gr. 
ipiXeiv to love]. A condition in which the leuko- 
cytes contain particles that stain readily with sudan 
red. The condition is thought to be indicative of 
suppuration. 
sudarshan shurna (soo-dar'shan chooFnah). A 
Hindu febrifuge containing fifty kinds of drugs. 
sudation (su-da'shun) [L. suda'tio], 1. The act 
or process of sweating. 2. Excessive sweating. 
sudatoria (su-dat-o're-ah). Ephidrosis. 
sudatorium (su-dat-o're-um) [LJ. 1. A hot-air 
bath. 2. A room for the administration of hot- 
air baths. 
sudokeratosis (su"do-ker-at-o'sis) [L. su'dor sweat 
4- keratosis]. Keratosis of the sweat-ducts. 
sudol (su'dol) [L. su'dor sweat]. A preparation of 
wool-fat and glycerin with 30 per cent, of formalde- 
hyd and oil of wintergreen: used to check excessive 
sweating. 
sudomotor (su-do-mo'tor) [L. su'dor sweat 4- 
mo'tor move]. Stimulating sweat secretion. 
SUDOMOTOR SUDOR 
1077 
sudor (su'dor) [L.]. Sweat or perspiration, s. 
an'glicus, English sweat; miliary fever, s. 
cruen'tus, s. sanguin'eus, the sweating of 
blood; hematidrosis. s. urino'sus, the secre- 
tion of urinous sweat; uridrosis. 
sudoral (su'dor-al) [L. sudor sweat]. 1. Pertain- 
ing to the sweat; characterized by sweating. 2. 
A proprietary remedy for sweating of the feet; it 
contains boric, benzoic, and tartaric acids, and 
alum. 
sudoresis (su-dor-e'sis). Profuse sweating. 
sudoriceratosis (su-dor"ik-er-at-o'sis). Sudoker- 
atosis. 
sudoriferous (su-dor-if'er-us) [L. sudo/ifer; from 
su'dor sweat + fe/re to bear]. Secreting or 
producing sweat. 
sudorific (su-dor-if'ik) [L. sudorif'icus]. 1. Pro- 
moting the flow of sweat; diaphoretic. 2. An 
agent that causes sweating. 
sudorikeratosis (su-dor-ik-er-at-o'sis). Sudoker- 
atosis. 
sudoriparous (su-dor-ip'ar-us) [L. su'dor sweat 
+ pa/ere to produce]. Secreting or producing 
sweat. 
suet (su'et) [L. se'vum]. The fat from the ab- 
dominal cavity of a ruminant animal, especially 
the sheep or ox. It is used in the preparation 
of cerates and ointments and as an emollient, 
benzoinated s., prepared suet 1000, benzoin 30. 
prepared S., the internal fat of the abdomen of 
the sheep purified by melting and straining. 
suffocation (suf-o-ka'shun) [L. suffoca'tio}. The 
stoppage of respiration, or the asphyxia that re- 
sults from it. 
suffraginis (suf-raj'in-is) [L.]. The large pastern 
bone or first phalanx of the horse. 
suffumigation (suf"fu-mig-a'shun) [L. sub under 
+ fumiga'tio smoking]. A fumigation; also a 
substance to be burned in fumigation. 
suffusion (suf-fu'zhun) [L. suffu'sio]. The con- 
dition of being blood-shot or of being moistened. 
sugar (shug'ar) [L. sac'charum; Gr. aduxapou]. A 
sweet carbohydrate of various kinds, and of both 
animal and vegetable origin. The two principal 
groups of sugars are the disaccharids, having 
the formula C12H22O11, and the monosaccharids, 
CgHiaOe; all are white, crystallizable solids, 
soluble in water and dilute alcohol. The disac- 
charids are beets., canes., maples., palm-s., 
malts. (maltose), milk-s. (lactose), and larch-s. 
(melizitose). The monosaccharids include ordi- 
nary glucose or dextrose (diabetic s., grapes., 
livers., potatos., starchsi), levulose (fruits.), 
invert inosite (hearts.', muscles.). Besides these, 
a very considerable number of artificial and 
other sugars are known to chemistry, actual 
S. (sucre actuelle of Lepine), the free glucose in the 
blood. beechwood s., xylose. beet-s., 
saccharose derived from the root of the beet, 
brain-s., cerebrose; a variety of glucose from the 
brain substance, cane-s., saccharose derived 
from sugar-cane (Sac'charum officina'rum). col- 
lagen s. Same as glycocoll, diabetic s., the 
glucose which is found in the urine in diabetes 
mellitus. fruit-s. Same as levulose, gelatin 
s., glycocoll, grape-s., glucose, heart-s., 
inosite. invert s., a natural mixture of dextrose 
and levulose, s. of lead, lead acetate. Leo's 
s. See laiose. liver s., glucose from the liver, 
malt-s. See maltose, maple-s., saccharose 
from maple-sap. milk-s., lactose, muscle-s. 
See inosite. reducing s., a sugar which will re- 
duce copper in an alkaline tartrate solution, 
virtual S. (suce virtuelle of Lepine), sugar in the 
blood in a colloidal state. 
SUgarin (shug'ar-in). Methylbenzoylsulphinid; a 
crystalline substance said to be preferable to sac- 
charin as a sweetener, and to be 500 times as 
sweet as sugar. 
suggestibility (sug"jes-tib-il'it-e). A condition of 
enfeebled will, with abnormal susceptibility of 
suggestions. Suggestibdity is either normal or 
abnormal. Normal suggestibility is either afferent 
or efferent. Afferent and efferent suggestibility is 
either direct or indirect. A similar classification is 
made of abnormal suggestibility. 
suggestible (sug-jes'tib-1). Liable to be so acted 
upon as to be made to act automatically. 
suggestion (sug-jes'tchun) [L. sugges'tio]. The 
production of a condition or state in a person by 
imparting to him an idea from without, hyp- 
notic S., a suggestion imparted to a person in the 
hypnotic state, by which he is led to believe cer- 
tain things contrary to fact or induced to perform 
certain actions, posthypnotic s., a suggestion 
made to a person while in the hypnotic state and 
leading him to perform the action suggested after 
his return to his normal state, S.-therapy, the 
treatment of disease by hypnotic suggestion, 
traumatic s. See autosuggestion. 
suggestionist (sug-jes'tchun-ist). One who treats 
disease by the method of suggestion. 
suggestionize (sug-jes'tchun-Iz). To treat a pa- 
tient by suggestion. 
suggillation (sug-jil-a'shun) [L. suggilla'tio]. i. 
A bruise or ecchymosis. 2. A mark of post- 
mortem lividity. 
suint (swint). The fatty natural potash-soap de- 
rivable from sheep's wool: lanolin is prepared 
from it. 
sukkia pakla (sook'lah pak'lah) [Hind. " dry sup- 
puration "]. Same as ainhum. 
sulcal artery (sul'kal). See table of arteries. 
sulcate, sulcated (sul'kat, sul'ka-ted) [L. sulca.'- 
tus}. Furrowed or marked with sulci. 
sulciform (sul'sif-orm). Formed like a groove. 
sulculus (sul'ku-lus), pl. sul'culi [L.]. A small or 
minute sulcus. 
sulcus (sul'kus), pl. sul'ci [L.]. A groove, trench, 
or furrow; especially, a fissure of the brain. The 
named sulci of the brain are not fewer than 200 
in number. For sulci not given in this list, see 
under fissure, alveolabial s., the space be- 
tween the gums and the lips, alveolingual s., 
the space between the gums and the tongue. S. 
ampulla'ris [B N A], a transverse groove on the 
membranous ampulla of the labyrinth, for the am- 
pullary nerve, s. anthel'icis transver'sus [B 
N A], the transverse groove of the anthelix, ar- 
cuate s., middle. Same,as midgracile s. s. 
auric'ulae posterior [B N A], the posterior sul- 
cus of the auricle, s. basila'ris [B N A], the 
median groove in the pons varolii for the basilar 
artery, s. bicipita'lis lateralis [B N A], the 
external bicipital groove, s. bicipita'lis media'- 
lis [B N A], the internal bicipital groove. S. cal- 
ca'nei [B N A], the interosseous groove. S. callo- 
sal, s. cor'poris callo'si [BNA], the sulcus which 
encircles the convex aspect of the corpus callosum, 
s. canalic'uli mastoi'dei, a groove in the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone for the mas- 
toid canaliculus, s. carot'icus [B N A], the 
cavernous groove. See under groove, s. car'pi 
[BNA], a concavity in the anterior surface of the 
carpal bones, s. centra'lis [rolan'di] [B N A], 
the fissure of Rolando, cerebellar s., the fur- 
rows between the convolutions of the cerebellum, 
cerebral S., the fissures between the convolutions 
of the cerebrum, s. chias'matis [B N A], s. of 
the chiasm, the optic groove, s. cin'guli [B 
N A], the callosomarginal fissure, circular s., s. 
circula'ris [reili] [BNA], See Reil's s. coro- 
nary S., the great transverse groove separating the 
auricles from the ventricles. Called also auriculo- 
ventricular groove, cuneal s., a small sulcus in the 
cuneus parallel to the calcarine fissure, eth- 
moid S., the groove in the nasal bone for the 
nasal nerve, frontal s., the groove on the 
frontal bone that lodges the superior longitudinal 
SULCUS SULCUS 
1078 
SULPHEMOGLOBINEMIA 
sinus, frontal s., inferior, a sagittal sulcus 
on the external surface of the frontal lobe of the 
cerebrum, genual s., a small fissure near the 
genu of the corpus callosum, s. ham uli ptery- 
goi'dei [B N A], the hamular groove. Harri- 
son ' S S. See Harrison's groove, under groove, hor- 
izontal s., lesser, one which subdivides the in- 
ferior semilunar lobe of the cerebellum, s. hypo- 
thalam'icus [monroi] [B N A]. See s. of 
Monro, s. infrapalpebra'lis [B N A], the fur- 
row beneath the lower lid. intercalary s., a sul- 
cus above and parallel to the corpus callosum, in- 
termediate s., anterior, an occasional furrow 
between the anterior median fissure and the ante- 
rior lateral sulcus, intermediate s., posterior, 
a sulcus in the cervical part of the spinal cord be- 
tween the funiculus gracilis and the funiculus cune- 
atus. intertubercular s., the bicipital groove 
of the humerus, intragracile s., a fissure of the 
■cerebellum between the lobulus gracilis minor and 
the lobulus gracilis posterior, intraparietal s. 
i. That which follows the junction of the superior 
and inferior parietal bones. 2. A fissure between the 
superior and inferior parietal lobes, lateral s., a 
■channel in the temporal and occipital bones which 
lodges the lateral sinus, limiting s., s. lim'- 
itans [B N A], a longitudinal groove on the ven- 
tricular surface of the embryonic brain separating 
the dorsolateral sensory plates from the ventro- 
lateral motor plate, s. lim'itans in'sulae, Reil's 
sulcus. S. luna'tus, a small semilunar furrow 
sometimes seen on the lateral surface of the occip- 
ital lobe of the cerebrum. This sulcus is con- 
spicuous in the brain of certain apes and was called 
by Reidinger the "Affenspalte." s. mento- 
labia'lis [B N A], the furrow between the lower 
lip and the chin, mid-gracile s., one which 
divides the slender lobe of the cerebellum into two 
subequal parts, s. of Monro, the fissure at the 
anterior lower part of the third ventricle, from 
which the foramina of Monro diverge. S. naso- 
labia'lis [B N A], the furrow between the nose 
and the upper lip. s. ner'vi radia'lis [B N A], 
the musculospiral groove, nymphocaruncular 
s., nymphohymeneal s., a groove between the 
hymen and the labium minus, occipital S., a 
groove on the mastoid process that lodges the mas- 
toid artery, paramesial s., a fissure along the 
middle of the superior frontal gyrus (somewhat fre- 
quently wanting), periconchal s., the groove 
on the posterior surface of the auricle which corre- 
sponds to the antihelix. polar S., any one 
of the small fissures which surround the pos- 
terior end of the calcarine fissure, s. post- 
centra'lis, the postcentral fissure of the cere- 
bellum, postclival s., a fissure of the cere- 
bellum between the lobus clivi and the lobus 
cacuminis. postgracile S., one which sep- 
arates the slender lobe of the cerebellum from the 
inferior semilunar lobe, postnodular S., one 
on the under side of the cerebellum, between the 
nodule and the uvula, postpyramidal s., one 
on the lower side of the cerebellum, between the 
pyramid and the tuber valvulas, preauricular 
S., a groove in front of the auricular surface of 
the ilium for the anterior iliosacral ligament: 
found chiefly in the women of Java, precen- 
tral s., a sulcus in front of the fissure of Rolando, 
preclival s., a fissure of the cerebellum between 
the lobus culminis and the lobus clivi. pre- 
gracile s., one on the lower surface of the cere- 
bellum, between the biventral and slender lobes, 
prepyramidal s., one on the under surface of the 
cerebellum, between the uvula and the pyramid, 
prerolandic s. Same as precentral s. s. pro- 
monto'rii [B N A], a groove in the surface of the 
promontory of the tympanum lodging the tympanic 
nerve. S. pulmona'lis, a groove on the back along 
each side of the vertebral column. Reil's s., a 
groove in the bottom of the sylvian fissure, partially 
bounding the insula, retrocentral s., a cerebral 
fissure behind and parallel to the fissure of Rolando, 
sagittal s., the sagittal groove. See groove. 
scleral s., sclerocorneal s., the groove at 
the junction of the sclera and cornea, sigmoid 
S., the more lateral part of the lateral sulcus, 
s. spira'lis, the grooved extremity of the lamina 
spiralis of the cochlea, s. syl'vii, the fissure 
of Sylvius. See fissure. S. transver'sus [B N A], 
the groove in the parietal bone for the lateral sinus, 
triradiate s., the orbital fissure. Turner's s., 
intraparietal sulcus (2d def.). s. tympan'- 
icus, the groove into which the membrana tym- 
pani fits. s. ventra'lis, the anterior median 
fissure of the spinal cord, vermicular s., a 
fissure between the vermis and the lateral hemi- 
sphere of the cerebellum, vertical s., the pre- 
central sulcus. Waldeyer's s., the sulcus spiralis, 
sulfarsenol (sul-far'se-nol). A French proprietary 
arsenical preparation, having the formula, C12H11- 
AS2N2CH2OSO2Na: used like salvarsan in the treat- 
ment of syphilis. 
sulfid, sulfonal, sulfur, etc. See sulphid, etc. 
sulfoform (sul'fo-form). Triphenylestibinsulphid, 
a preparation liberating sulphur easily and used in 
scalp diseases. 
sulfosote (sul'fo-sot). See sulphosot. 
sulfuraria (sul-fu-ra're-ah). A yellow powder of 
the sulphurous mud deposited in the springs of 
San Filippo, in Italy. See sulphuraria. 
sullacetin (sul-as'et-in). A potassiosodium com- 
pound of pyrocatechinmonoacetic and guaiacol 
sulphonic acids: used in tuberculosis. Dose, 8 gr. 
(0.5 gm.). 
sulphacid (sulf-as'id). A thio-acid. 
sulphaldehyd (sul-fal'de-hid). An ill-smelling, 
oily substance prepared from acetaldehyd and 
hydrogen sulphid. It has been used as a hypnotic. 
sulphamin (sul-fam'in). The univalent radical- 
SO2NH2. 
sulphaminol (sul-fam'in-ol). A pale-yellow pow- 
/S-S\ 
der, thio-oxydiphenylamin CgH^ /CgHsOH, 
\NH / 
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, glacial 
acetic acid, and alkaline solutions. It is absorbent 
and antiseptic, and is used externally as a wound- 
dressing, and internally for cystitis and diseases of 
the cerebrum and frontal sinus; also by insufflation 
in laryngeal tuberculosis. Dose, 4 gr. (0.25 gm.). 
sulphanilate (sulf-an'il-at). A salt of sulphanilic 
acid. 
sulphanilic acid (sul-fan-il'ik). See acid. 
sulphaqua (sulf-ak'wah). A proprietary preparation 
used locally in skin diseases, gout, rheumatism, etc. 
sulpharsphenamin (sul-far-sfen'am-in). An ar- 
senical preparation for syphilis made from ar- 
sphenamin, formaldehyd, and sodium bisulphite. 
sulphate (sul'fat) [L. std'phas]. Any salt of sul- 
phuric acid, acid S., one in which only one-half 
of the hydrogen of the sulphuric acid is replaced: 
a bisulphate, basic S., a subsulphate; one in 
which the normal sulphate of the base is combined 
with a hydrate or oxid of the same base, con- 
jugate s's, conjugated s's, aromatic sub- 
stances, such as phenol, scatoxyl, and indoxyl, 
which occur in the urine combined with mineral 
sulphates; called also ethereal s's. normal s., 
neutral s., one in which all the hydrogen of the 
sulphuric acid is replaced. 
sulphatid (sul'fat-id). One of a class of lipoid sub- 
stances which are esters of sulphuric acid. They 
are found largely in the medullated nerve-fibers. 
sulphatine (sul'fat-en). A proprietary insect- 
poison containing calcium oxid, copper oxid, 
sulphuric acid, and sulphur. 
sulphemoglobin (sulf"em-o-glo'bin). See sulph- 
methemo globin. 
sulphemoglobinemia (sulf"hem-o-glo-bin-e'me- 
ah). The presence of sulphmethemoglobin in the 
blood. SULPHICHTHYOLIC ACID 
1079 
SULPHYDRATE 
sulphichthyolic acid (sulf"ik-thi-ol'ik). See acid. 
sulphid (sul'fid). Any binary compound of sul- 
phur; a compound of sulphur with another element 
or base. 
sulphindigotate (sul-fin'dig-o-tat). Any salt of 
sulphindigotic acid. 
sulphindigotic acid (sul"fin-dig-o'tik). A com- 
pound, CsH5NO.SO3, formed by the action of 
sulphuric acid on indigo. 
sulphinid (sul'fin-id). Same as saccharin. 
sulphite (sul'fit) [L. sul'phis]. Any salt of sul- 
phurous acid. 
sulphmethemoglobin (sulf'meth-em-o-glo'bin). 
A greenish substance formed by treating blood 
with hydrogen sulphid. It is the cause of the 
greenish color seen in the abdominal walls and 
along the vessels of cadavers. Called also stdph- 
emoglobin. 
sulpho-acid (sul-fo-as'id). An acid in which sul- 
phur displaces carbon or oxygen. 
sulphocalcine (sul-fo-kal'sln). A preparation used 
in diphtheria. 
sulphocarbol (sul-fo-kar'bol). Same as sulpho- 
carbolic acid. See under acid. 
sulphocarbolate (suV'to-ka/bo-lat). Any salt of 
sulphocarbolic acid. 
sulphocarbolic acid (surfo-kar-bol'ik). See acid. 
sulphoconjugation (sul"fo-kon-ju-ga'shun). The 
formation of conjugated sulphates. 
sulphocyanate (sul-fo-si'an-at). Same as thio- 
cyanate. 
sulphocyanic acid (sul"fo-si-an'ik). Same as 
thio cyanic acid. 
sulphoform (sul'fo-form). Triphenyl antimony 
sulphid, (CgHshSbS: used in skin diseases 
sulphogel (sul'fo-gel). A gel in which sulphuric 
acid is the medium instead of water. 
sulphogen (sul'fo-jen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of sulphur, magnesia, genista, etc.: used as 
an antifermentative. Dose, 1 dr. (4 gm.). 
sulphogenol (sul-fo'jen-ol). The ammonium salt 
of sulphonated crude mineral oil. 
sulphohydrate (sul-fo-hi'drat). Sulphydrate. 
sulphoid (sul'foid). Colloidal sulphur: used in 
alopecia. 
sulpholipin (sul-fo-li'pin). A lipin which on hy- 
drolysis yields sulphuric acid. 
sulphonal (sul'fo-nal). A white, crystalline com- 
pound, (CHshQSOzCaHg)?, or acetone diethyl- 
sulphone, readily soluble in alcohol and slowly 
in 100 parts of water. It has moderate hyp- 
notic properties, and is used in insomnia of func- 
tional origin. Dose, 5-30 gr. (0.333-2 gm.). 
sulphonalism (surfo-nal-izm). The ill effects of 
the injudicious use of sulphonal; also the habitual 
use of sulphonal as an intoxicant. 
sulphonaphthol (sul-fo-naf'thol). A proprietary 
antiseptic substance: used like carbolic acid. 
Called also milk oil. 
sulphone (sul'fon). 1. The radical S02. 2. Any 
sulphur alcohol or ether; any compound of S02 
with one or two hydrocarbons. It is analogous 
to ketone. 
sulphonethylmethane (sul-fo-neth-il-meth'an). 
See trional. 
sulphonmethan (sul-fon-meth'an). See sulphonal. 
sulphoparaldehyd (sul"fo-par-al'de-hid). A crys- 
talline substance, (CHg.CHSjs, or trithioacetalde- 
hyd; insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, and 
used as a hypnotic. 
sulphophenol (sul-fo-fe'nol). Sulphocarbolic acid, 
sulphoprotein (sul-fo-pro'te-in). Any one of a 
series of albumins containing loosely combined 
sulphur. 
sulphopyrin (sul-fo-pi'rin). A white, crystalline 
powder, antipyrin para-amino-benzene sulphonate. 
sulphoricinate (sul-fo-ris'in-at). See solvin and 
polysolvol. 
sulphosalicylic acid (sul"fo-sal-is-il'ik). See acid. 
sulphosalt (sul'fo-salt). A salt of sulphonic acid, 
sulphose (sul'fos). A proprietary preparation of 
ammonium ichthyolsulphonate: used like ichthyol. 
sulphoselene (sul'fo-se-len). A selenium com- 
pound which has been used in the treatment of 
cancer. 
sulphosol (sul'fo-sol). A sol in which sulphuric 
acid is the dispersion medium. 
sulphosot (sul'fo-sot). Potassium creosote sul- 
phonate: used in treatment of tuberculosis. Dose, 
5-20 gr. (0.333-1.33 gm.). 
sulphosteatite (sul-fo-ste'at-it). A proprietary 
insect-powder. 
sulpho-urea (sul-fo-u're-ah). Same as thio-urea. 
sulphoxid (sul-foks'id). Any member of a group 
of compounds intermediate between the alkyl 
sulphids and the sulphones. 
sulphoxism (sul-foks'izm). Sulphuric-acid poi- 
soning. 
sulphugator (sul'fu-ga-tor). A roll of muslin 
charged with sulphur, to be burned in fumigation. 
sulphume (sul'fum). A proprietary preparation 
said to be a liquid form of pure sulphur: used 
internally and externally in various diseases. 
sulphur (sul'fur) [L. gen. sulphu'ris], A non- 
metallic element existing in many allotropic forms, 
and asserted by some to be a compound; symbol, 
S; atomic weight, 31.06. Sulphur is a laxative 
and diaphoretic, and is used in diseases of the skin 
and respiratory organs, and in hemorrhoids, hab- 
itual constipation, etc. Dose, 10-30 gr. (0.666- 
2 gm.), s. dioxid, a corrosive gas, S02; incor- 
rectly called sulphurous acid. It is destructive 
to bacteria, and is important as a disinfecting agent. 
Inhalation of this gas may give rise to bronchitis, 
flower of s., sublimed sulphur, hepar-s., 
liver of s. See hepar. s. hydrid, sulphurated 
hydrogen, SH2; a gas having the smell of rotten 
eggs; sometimes used a^ a rectal injection. S. 
iodid, a binary compound, S2I2: used in oint- 
ments. lac-s., precipitated sulphur, s. lo'- 
tum, washed sulphur. milk of S. See pre- 
ci pitated s. precipitated s. [L. s. prcecipita'- 
tum, lac sulphu'ris], milk of sulphur; sulphur 
precipitated from a solution of calcium penta- 
sulphid and thiosulphate: it contains more or less 
calcium sulphid, etc. sublimed s. [L; sul'phur 
sublima'turn], sulphur in fine, yellow powder, ob- 
tained by cooling the heated vapor of ordinary 
sulphur, s.-vasogen, an ointment containing 
sulphur and vasogen, either semisolid or fluid: use- 
ful in seborrhea, vegetable s., lycopodium, 
washed s. [L. sul'phur lo'tum], sublimed sulphur 
purified by washing with water. 
sulphur aria (sul-fu-ra're-ah). A sediment from 
certain springs: said to contain sulphur, calcium 
sulphid, strontium sulphate, silica, etc.: used in 
skin diseases. 
sulphurated, sulphureted (sul'fu-ra-ted, sul'- 
fu-ret-ed). Combined or charged with sulphur. 
sulphurator (sul'fu-ra-tor), An apparatus for 
applying sulphur fumes, as in disinfecting. 
sulphuret (sul'fu-ret). Same as sulphid. 
sulphuric acid (sul-fu'rik). See acid. 
sulphurine (sul'fu-rin). A proprietary combina- 
tion of certain of the higher sulphids of sodium 
and potassium with sulphur. 
sulphurize (sul'fu-riz). To cause to combine with 
sulphur. 
sulphurous acid (sul'fu-rus). See acid. 
sulphuryl (sul'fu-ril). The radical S02. 
sulphydral (sul-fi'dral). A proprietary antiseptic 
preparation. 
sulphydrate (sul-fi'drat). Any compound of a 
base with sulphydric acid or, more correctly, SULPHYDRYL 
1080 
SUPERNUMERARY 
with the radical sulphydril, SH, or hydrogen 
sulphid. 
sulphydryl (sulf-hi'dril). The univalent radical 
SH. 
sultar (sul'tar). A proprietary disinfectant. 
Sum., sum. An abbreviation for L. su'mat, let him 
take; or sumen'dum, to be taken. 
sumac, sumach (su'mak). A name of various 
species of Rhus (q. y.); applied principally to 
the non-poisonous species: astringent. 
sumbul (sum'bul) [Arabic]. The Fer'ula sum'bul, 
an umbelliferous plant of Asia; also its nervine 
and antispasmodic root, of a musk-like odor, 
which is used in neurasthenia, delirium, and 
hysteria. Dose of fluidextract, 10-60 min. (0.666- 
4 c.c.); of tincture, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.). 
summation (sum-a'shun) [L. sum'ma total]. The 
accumulative effects of a number of stimuli ap- 
plied to a muscle. 
summer cholera, complaint, diarrhea. See 
cholera morbus, s.-rash, lichen tropicus, s. 
wounds. See esponja and habronemiasis. 
sunburn (sun'bern). Dermatitis with burning and 
redness, due to exposure to the rays of the sun. 
sunstroke (sun'strok). Insolation, or thermic 
fever; a condition produced by exposure to the 
sun,, and marked by convulsions, coma, and a 
very high temperature of the skin. 
super- [L. su'per above]. A prefix signifying 
above, or implying excess. 
superabduction (su"per-ab-duk'shun). Extreme 
or excessive abduction. 
superacid (su-per-as'id). Excessively acid. 
superacidity (su"per-as-id'it-e). Increase of the 
normal acidity of the gastric secretion. 
superacromial (su"per-ak-ro'me-al). Above or 
■ upon the acromion. 
superactivity (su-per-ak-tiv'it-e). Activity greater 
than normal. 
superacute (su"per-ak-ut'). Very acute. 
superalbal (su-per-al'bal) [L. su'per over 4- al'ba 
white]. .Situated in the upper part of the white 
substance of the brain, as, superalbal veins. 
superalbuminosis (su"per-al-bu-min-o'sis). Ex- 
cessive formation of albumin. 
superalimentation (su"per-al-im-en-ta'shun). 
Therapeutic treatment by excessive feeding be- 
yond the requirements of the appetite. It is em- 
ployed in wasting diseases. Called also gavage. 
superalkalinity (su-per-al-kal-in'it-e). Excessive 
alkalinity. 
supercallosal (su"per-kal-o'sal). Situated above 
the corpus callosum. 
supercarbonate (su-per-kar'bo-nat). See bicar- 
bonate. 
supercentral (su-per-sen'tral). 1. Above a center. 
2. Above the central sulcus of the brain. 
supercerebellar (su-per-ser-e-bel'ar). In the 
upper part of the cerebellum. 
supercerebral (su-per-ser'e-bral). At the upper 
part of the cerebrum. 
superciliary (su-per-sil'e-a-re) [L. supercilia'ris}. 
Pertaining to the region of the eyebrow. 
supercilium (su-per-sil'e-um), pl. supercil'ia [L.]. 
The eyebrow. 
superdicrotic (su-per-di-krot'ik). Hyperdicrotic. 
superdistention (su"per-dis-ten'shun). Extreme 
or excessive distention. 
superduct (su-per-dukt') [L. su'per over 4- du'cere 
to draw]. To carry up or elevate. 
superdural (su-per-du'ral). Located in the upper 
part of the dura mater. 
superexcitation (su"per-eks-i-ta'shun) [L. su'per 
over -f- excita'tio excitement]. Extreme or ex- 
cessive excitement. 
superextended (su-per-eks-ten'ded). Distended 
beyond the normal. 
superextension (su"per-eks-ten'shun). Excessive 
or undue extension. 
superfatted (su-per-fat'ed). Containing more fat 
than can be combined with the quantity of alkali 
present. 
superfecundation (su"per-fe-kun-da'shun) [L. 
su'per over + fecunda're to fertilize]. The suc- 
cessive fecundation of two ova formed at the 
same menstrual period. 
superfetation (su"per-fe-ta'shun) [L. su'per over 
4- fetus], The fertilization in the same uterus 
of two ova formed at different menstrual periods; 
the fecundation of a woman already pregnant. 
superflbrination (su"per-fib-rin-a'shun). The 
formation of an excessive amount of fibrin in the 
blood. 
superficial (su-per-fish'al) [L. superficia'lis]. Per- 
taining to or situated near the surface. 
superficialis (su"per-fish-e-a'lis) [L. super fi'cial]. 
Situated on or near the surface. S. col'li, a 
nerve arising from the cervical plexus and sup- 
plying the surface of the neck on the side and in 
front. See nerves, table of. S. vo'lae, one of 
the branches of the radial artery. 
superficies (su-per-fish'e-ez) [L.]. The outer sur- 
face. 
superfissure (su-per-fish'er). A fissure formed by 
the overlapping of two cerebral convolutions. 
superflexion (su-per-flek'shun). Extreme or ex- 
cessive flexion. 
superfcetation (su"per-fe-ta'shun). See super- 
fetation. 
superfrontal (su-per-frun'tal). Situated at the 
upper or frontal part of a structure. 
superfunction (su-per-funk'shun). Excessive ac- 
tivity of an organ or structure. 
supergenual (su-per-jen'u-al). Above the knee. 
supergyre (su'per-jir). A cerebral convolution 
which overlaps another. 
superimpregnation (su"per-im-preg-na'shun) [L. 
su'per over + impregnation], i. Superfecunda- 
tion. 2. Superfetation. 
superinduce (su-per-in-dus'). To induce or bring 
on in addition to some already existing condi- 
tion. 
super inf ection (su-per-in-fek'shun). Reinfection 
by a new inoculation of the same organism with 
which the individual is already infected. 
superinvolution (su"per-in-vo-lu'shun) [L. su'per 
over + involution}. Hyperinvolution: excessive 
involution by which the uterus, after childbirth, is 
reduced to less than its normal size. 
superior (su-pe're-or) [L. neut. supe'rius}. Higher; 
having a higher situation. 
superlactation (su"per-lak-ta'shun) [L. su'per 4- 
lacta're to suckle]. Excessive secretion of milk. 
superlethal (su-per-le'thal). More than lethal; said 
of a dose of a drug that is likely to kill. 
superligamen (su"per-lig-a'men) [L. su'per over 
+ liga'men bandage]. A bandage applied over 
a surgical dressing to keep it in place. 
supermaxilla (su-per-mak-sil'ah). The superior 
maxilla. 
supermedial (su-per-me'de-al). Situated above 
the middle. 
supermoron (su-per-mo'ron). A person who is 
above the grade of a moron, being only slightly 
deficient mentally. 
supermotility (su"per-mo-til'it-e) [L. su'per over 
+ motility}. Excessive motility in any part or 
of any organ or structure. 
supernormal (su-per-nor'mal). More than normal, 
supernumerary (su-per-nu'mer-a-re) [L. supernu- 
mera'rius], In excess of the regular or normal 
number. SUPERNUTRITION 
1081 
SUPRADIAPHRAGMATIC 
supernutrition (su"per-nu-trish'un). Excessive 
nutrition. 
superoccipital (su-per-ok-sip'it-al). At the upper 
part of the occiput. 
superofrontal (su"per-o-frun'tal). Same as su- 
perfrontal. 
superolateral (su"per-o-lat'er-al). Above and at 
the side. 
superpalite (su-per'pal-it). See trichlor omethyi 
chloroformate. 
superparasite (su-per-par'as-it). Hyperparasite, 
superpetrosal (su"per-pe-tro'sal). Superior pe- 
trosal. 
superphosphate (su-per-fos'fat). Any acid phos- 
phate. 
superpigmentation (su"per-pig-men-ta'shun). 
Excessive pigmentation. 
supersalt (su'per-sawlt). Any salt with an excess 
of acid; a persalt or acid salt. 
supersaturate (su-per-sat'u-rat) [L. su'per over + 
saturate]. To add more of an ingredient than 
the solvent can take up permanently. 
supersaturated solution (su-per-sat'u-ra-ted). 
See solution. 
superscription (su-per-skrip'shun) [L. superscrip'- 
tio]. The sign before a prescription. See 
prescription. 
supersecretion (su"per-se-kre'shun) [L. su'per 
over -|- secre'tio secretion]. Excess of any secre- 
tory function. 
supersedent (su-per-se'dent). A remedy which 
cures or prevents a disease in a part. 
supersensitation, supersensitization (su"- 
per-sen-sit-a'shun, su"per-sen-sit-iz-a'shun). Hy- 
persensitization. 
superseptal fissure (su-per-sep'tai). See fissure. 
supersphenoid (su-per-sfe'noid). Above the sphe- 
noid bone. 
supersulcus (su-per-sul'kus). Superfissure. 
supertemporal convolution (su-per-tem'po-ral). 
The inframarginal convolution. 
supertension (su-per-ten'shun). Extreme tension, 
supervenosity (su-per-ve-nos'it-e). A condition 
. of extreme venosity of the blood. 
supervention (su-per-ven'shun). The develop- 
ment of some condition in addition to an already 
existing one. 
supervirulent (su-per-vir'u-lent). Unusually viru- 
lent. 
supinate (su'pin-at). To turn the arm or hand so 
that the palm faces to the front; also to rotate 
the leg outward. 
supination (su-pin-a'shun) [L. supina'tio]. i. The 
turning of the palm of the hand upward. 2. The 
casting up of food that has been eaten. 
supinator (su-pin-a'tor) [L.]. See muscles, table 
supine (su-pin') [L. supi'nus]. Lying on the back 
or on the dorsum or with the dorsum turned 
downward. 
suplago-albumin, sup lagalbumin (su-pla"go- 
al-bu'min, su-pla"gal-bu'min) [L. sus hog + 
pla'ga plague + albumin]. An albumose char- 
acteristic of swine-plague. 
suplagotoxin (su-pla-go-toks'in) [L. sus swine + 
pla'ga plague 4- toxin]. One of the ptomains 
of swine-plague. 
suppedania (sup-e-da'ne-ah) [L. sub under + pes 
foot]. Local applications to the soles of the feet. 
supplemental (sup-le-men'tal). Supplementary; 
serving as a supplement or addition. See air. 
supplementary air (sup-le-men'ta-re) [L. supple- 
manta'rius]. That part of the residual air of the 
lung which, after the tidal air is expelled, may be 
driven out by forced respiration, s. respira- 
tion, puerile respiration. See respiration. 
support, Abee's. An appliance for producing 
compression over the breast region to quiet an over- 
acting heart. 
suppository (sup-oz'it-o-re), pl. suppos'itoria [L. 
supposito'rium]. An easily fusible medicated 
mass to be introduced into the vagina, rectum, 
or urethra. Suppositories are usually prepared 
from oil of theobroma, except those intended for 
the urethra, which are made with glycerin. 
suppression (sup-resh'un) [L. suppres'sio], The 
sudden stoppage of a secretion, excretion, or 
normal discharge. 
suppurant (sup'u-rant) [L. sup'purans]. i. Sup- 
purating. 2. An agent that causes suppuration. 
suppurantia (sup-u-ran'she-ah). Substances that 
cause suppuration. 
suppuration (sup-u-ra'shun) [L. sub under + 
pu'ris pus]. The formation of pus; the act of 
becoming converted into and discharging pus. 
suppurative (sup'u-ra-tiv). Producing pus, or 
associated with suppuration. 
supra- [L. su'pra above]. A prefix signifying 
above or over. 
supra-acromial (su"prah-ak-ro'me-al). Situated 
above or over the acromion. 
supra-acromiohumeralis (su"prah-ak-ro"me- 
o-hu-mer-a'lis). The deltoid muscle. 
supra-anal (su-prah-a'nal). Situated above the 
anus. 
supra-auricular (su"prah-aw-rik'u-lar). Situated 
above or over an auricle. 
supra-axillary (su-prah-ak'sil-a-re) [L. su'pra 
above + axil'la armpit or axil]. Situated above 
the axilla. 
suprabuccal (su-prah-buk'al). Above the buccal 
region. 
supracapsulin (su-prah-kap'su-lin). A trade name 
for epinephrin. 
supracellar (su-prah-sel'ar). Situated over or 
above the sella turcica. 
supracerebellar (su"prah-ser-e-bel'ar). On the 
upper surface of the cerebellum. 
supracerebral (su-prah-ser'e-bral). Over or on the 
surface of the cerebrum. 
suprachoroid (su-prah-ko'roid). Situated above 
or upon the choroid. 
suprachoroidea (su"prah-ko-roid'e-ah). The out- 
ermost layer of the choroid coat; the loose tissue 
between the sclerotic and the choroid coat of the 
eye. Called also eclochoroidea and suprachoroid 
lamina. 
supraciliary (su-prah-sil'e-a-re). Superciliary. 
supraclavicular (su"prah-klav-ik'u-lar). Situ- 
ated above the clavicle. 
supraclavicularis (su"prah-klav-ik-u-la'ris) [L.]- 
An occasional muscle arising from the upper 
edge of the manubrium and running outward 
over the sternoclavicular joint, to be inserted into 
the clavicle. 
supraclusion (su-pra-klu'zhun). The condition in 
which a tooth projects above the normal occlusal 
plane. 
supracommissure (su-prah-kom'is-ur) [L. su'pra 
above + commissure], A cerebral commissure 
situated in front of the stalk of the pineal body. 
supracondylar, supracondyloid (su-prah-kon'- 
dil-ar, su-prah-kon'dil-oid). Situated above a 
condyle or condyles. 
supracostal (su-prah-kos'tal). Situated above a 
costa, or rib, or outside of the ribs. 
supracotyloid (su-prah-kot'il-oid) [L. su'pra above 
+ cotyloid]. Situated above the acetabulum. 
supracranial (su-prah-kra'ne-al). On the upper 
surface of the cranium. 
supradiaphragmatic (su"prah-di-af-rag-mat'ik). 
Above the diaphragm. SUPRADIN 
1082 
SURALIMENTATION 
supradin (su-prah'din). A patented dry prepara- 
tion of the suprarenal capsules, containing 0.015 
per cent, of iodin. It is used in diabetes insipidus, 
neurasthenia, melasma, and vasomotor disturb- 
ances. 
supradural (su-prah-du'ral). Above the dura 
mater. 
supra-epicondylar (su"prah-ep-ik-on'dil-ar). Sit- 
uated or occurring above the epicondyle. 
supra-epitrochlear (su-prah-ep-e-trok'le-ar). 
Above the internal epicondyle of the humerus. 
supraglenoid (su-prah-gle'noid). Situated above 
the glenoid cavity. 
supraglottic (su-prah-glot'ik). Situated above 
the glottis. 
suprahepatic (su"prah-he-pat'ik). Situated above 
the liver. 
suprahyoid (su-prah-hi'oid). Situated above the 
hyoid bone. 
supra-inguinal (su-prah-in'gwin-al). Situated 
above the groin. 
supra-intestinal (su-prah-in-tes'tin-al). Situated 
above the intestine. 
supraliminal (su-prah-lim'in-al). Above the 
limen of sensation; more than just perceptible. 
supralumbar (su-prah-lum'bar). Situated above 
the loin. 
supramalleolar (su"prah-mal-e'o-lar). Situated 
above a malleolus. 
supramammary (su-prah-mam'a-re). Situated 
above the mammary gland. 
supramandibular (su-prah-man-dib'u-lar). Lo- 
cated above the mandible. 
supramarginal (su-prah-mar'jin-al). Situated 
above a margin. 
supramastoid (su-prah-mas'toid). Situated above 
the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. 
supramaxilla (su"prah-maks-il'ah) [L. su'pra over 
+ max'illa jaw]. The upper jaw bone. 
supramaxillary (su-prah-maks'il-a-re). 1. Per- 
taining to the upper jaw. 2. Situated above the 
maxilla. 
supramaximal (su-prah-mak'sim-al). Above the 
maximum temperature. 
supramental (su-prah-men'tal) [L. su'pra above 
+ men'turn chin]. Situated above the chin. 
supranasal (su-prah-na'sal). Above the nose. 
supraneural (su-prah-nu'ral) [L. su'pra above + 
Gr. vevpov nerve]. Above a nerve, or above a 
neural axis. 
supranuclear (su-prah-nu'kle-ar). Situated or 
occurring above or on the cortical side or surface 
of a nucleus. 
supra-obliquus (su"prah-ob-li'kwus). The ob- 
liquus superior muscle of the eye. 
supra-occipital (su"prah-ok-sip'it-al). Situated 
above or in the upper portion of the occiput. 
supra-occlusion (su"prah-ok-lu'zhun). Same as 
supraclusion. 
supra-ocular (su-prah-ok'u-lar). Above the eye- 
ball. 
Supra-optimal (su-prah-op'tim-al). Above the 
optimal. 
supra-optimum (su-prah-op'tim-um). A tempera- 
ture higher than that best suited to the growth of an 
organism. 
supra-orbital (su-prah-or'bit-al) [L. su'pra above 
+ or'bita orbit]. Situated above the orbit. 
suprapatellar (su"prah-pat-el'ar). Situated above 
the patella. 
suprapelvic (su-prah-pel'vik). Situated above the 
pelvis. 
suprapineal (su-prah-pi'ne-al). Situated above 
the pineal gland. 
suprapontine (su-prah-pon'tin). Situated above 
or in the upper part of the pons. 
suprapubic (su-prah-pu'bik). Situated or per- 
formed above the pubic arch. 
suprarenaden (su-prah-ren'ad-en) [suprarenal + 
Gr. abi)v gland]. A therapeutic agent prepared 
from the suprarenal bodies of animals: used in 
neurasthenia, diabetes insipidus, and Addison's 
disease. Dose, 15-23 gr. (1-1.5 gnu). 
suprarenal (su-prah-re'nal) [L. su'pra above + 
ren kidney]. Situated above a kidney. See body 
and capside. 
suprarenalemia, suprarenalaemia (su-prah- 
re-nal-e'me-ah) [suprarenal secretion + Gr. aqua 
blood]. Increase of suprarenal secretion (adren- 
alin) in the blood. 
suprarenalin (su-prah-ren'al-in). The active 
principle of the suprarenal glands: used as a 
hemostatic. See adrenalin and epinephrin. 
suprarenalopathy (su"prah-re-nal-op'ath-e) [xw- 
prarenal gland + Gr. iraOos disease]. A disorder 
due to derangement of the suprarenal endocrine 
function. 
suprarene (su-prah-ren') [L. su'pra above + ren 
kidney]. A suprarenal capsule. 
suprarenin (su-prah-re'nin). Same as epinephrin. 
levo s., a synthetic product similar to the natural 
epinephrin. 
suprascapular (su-prah-skap'u-lar). Situated 
upon or on the upper part of the scapula. 
suprascleral (su-prah-skle'ral). On the outer sur- 
face of the sclera. 
supraseptal (su-prah-sep'tal). Situated above a 
septum. 
supraspinal (su-prah-spi'nal). Situated upon or 
above a spine. 
supraspinalis (su"prah-spi-na'lis). See muscles, 
table of. 
supraspinatus (su"prah-spi-na'tus). See muscles, 
table of. 
supraspinous (su-prah-spi'nus). Situated above 
a spinous process. 
suprastapedial (su"prah-sta-pe'de-al). Above 
the stapes. 
suprasternal (su-prah-ster'nal). Situated above 
the sternum. 
suprasyIvian (su-prah-sil've-an). Situated above 
the sylvian fissure. 
supratemporal (su-prah-tem'po-ral). Situated 
above the temporal bone, fossa, or region. 
suprathoracic (su"prah-tho-ras'ik). Situated 
above or cephalad of the thorax. 
supratonsillar (su-prah-ton'sil-ar). Above the 
tonsil. 
supratrochlear (su-prah-trok'le-ar) [L. su'pra 
above + troch'lea pulley]. Situated above the 
trochlea. 
supraturbinal (su-prah-ter'bin-al). The superior 
turbinal bone. 
supra tympanic (su"prah-tim-pan'ik). Above the 
tympanum. 
supra-umbilical (su"prah-um-bil'ik-al). Above 
the umbilicus. 
supravaginal (su-prah-vaj'in-al). Situated above 
or outside of a sheath. 
supraversion (su-pra-ver'zhun). The condition of 
a tooth when it is too long as related to the plane 
of occlusion. 
supraxiphoid (su-prah-zi'foid). Above the xiphoid 
process. 
supsals (sup'salz). Suppositories of "606." 
sura (su'rah). Latin for calf of the leg. 
sural (su'ral). Pertaining to the calf of the leg. 
suralimentation (sur"al-im-en-ta'shun) [L. su'per 
over + alimen'tum food]. Overfeeding, or gavage; 
superalimentation. surcingle (sur'sing-1) [L. su'per over -f- cin'gu- 
lum belt]. The cauda striati, or tail of the stri- 
atum. 
surdimutism (ser-dim-u'tizm). Deaf-mutism, 
surdity (sur'dit-e) [L. sur'ditas]. Deafness. 
surdomute (surido-mut) [L. sur'dus deaf + mu'tus 
mute]. 1. Both deaf and dumb. 2. A deaf-mute 
person. 
surdomutitas (sur-do-mu'tit-as). Latin for deaf- 
mutism. 
surexcitation (ser"ek-sit-a'shun) [L. su'per over + 
excitation]. Overexcitation; excessive excitation. 
surface (ser'fas) [L. fa'ties]. The outer part of a 
solid body, buccal s., the surface of a molar or 
premolar tooth which adjoins the cheek, con- 
tact S., the surface of a tooth which lies in con- 
tact with the next tooth in the same row. distal 
s., the contact surface of a tooth which joins the 
succeeding tooth in the row. facial S., the buc- 
cal or labial surface of a tooth, glenoid s., oral 
surface on the head of the scapula which, with the 
glenoid ligament, forms the glenoid cavity, labial 
S., the surface of an incisor or canine tooth which 
adjoins the lip. lingual s., the inner surface of 
a tooth, the surface which looks toward the tongue, 
masticatory s., occlusal surface, occlusal 
S., the surface of a bicuspid or a molar tooth which 
comes in contact with the similar tooth in the other 
jaw. proximal s., the-contact surface of a tooth 
which joins the preceding tooth of the row. 
surfeit (sur'fit). Urticaria in horses. 
surgeon (sur'jun) [L. chiru/gio; Fr. chirurgien]. 
A practitioner of surgery, s.-apothecary, in 
Great Britain, a practitioner who has passed the 
examinations required of a surgeon and an apoth- 
ecary. barber-s., formerly a barber who was 
authorized to practise surgery, s.-dentist, 
an authorized practitioner of dental surgery. S.- 
general, the chief surgeon of an army or navy, 
house-s., the chief surgical intern of a hospital, 
post-s., the surgeon of an established army post, 
surgery (surijer-e) [L. chiru/gia, from Gr. xeLP 
hand + epybv work]. 1. That branch of medicine 
which treats diseases, wholly or in part, by manual 
and operative procedures. 2. A place for the 
performance of surgical operations, abdominal 
s., the surgery of the abdominal viscera, anti- 
septic S., surgery conducted in accordance with 
antiseptic principles, arthrosteopedic s., sur- 
gery of the extremities and skeleton, aseptic S., 
surgical practice which accords with the prin- 
ciples of asepticism. aural s., the surgical 
treatment of diseases of the ear. cerebral s., 
that which deals with operations upon the brain, 
clinical S., surgery as practised in the teaching 
clinic, conservative s., surgery which looks to 
the preservation or the restoration of disabled 
parts, rather than their removal, contract 
S., in the U. S. army a physician or dentist en- 
gaged for temporary service in the medical de- 
partment; called also acting assistant surgeon. 
cosmetic S., that department of surgery which 
deals with procedures designed to improve the 
patient's appearance by plastic restorations, re- 
moval of blemishes, etc. decorative s. Same 
as cosmetic. s. dental s., operative dentistry, 
dentofacial s., surgery which deals with the 
teeth and mouth and their relation to facial 
symmetry, featural s., plastic surgery of the 
face, general s., that which deals with surgical 
cases of all kinds, ionic s., surgical ionization and 
electrolysis, major s., surgery which is concerned 
with the more important and dangerous opera- 
tions. minor s., that which is concerned with 
the less formidable operations, such as bandaging 
and the application of splints and dressings, op- 
erative S., the operative or more mechanical part 
of surgery; that which deals with methods or with 
operative procedures, oral S., that branch of 
surgery and dentistry which deals with diseases 
and iniuries of the mouth, teeth, and adjacent 
SURCINGLE 
1083 
tissues, orificial s., the surgery of the orifices of 
the body, as the mouth, anus, vulva, etc. ortho- 
pedic S., that branch of surgery which deals with 
the correction of deformities, especially those of 
childhood, pelvic s., the surgery of the pelvis; 
chiefly in gynecologic and obstetric cases, plastic 
S., the repair of defects, chiefly by the transfer of 
tissue, railway s., the surgical treatment of 
railway injuries, rectal S., the surgical treatment 
of diseases of the rectum, subcutaneous s., 
the performance of surgical operations through a 
very small opening in the skin, veterinary s., 
the surgery of domestic animals. 
surgical (sur'jik-al). Of, or pertaining to, surgery, 
surgiology (ser-je-ol'o-je). A term proposed to in- 
clude research in physiology as connected with 
surgery, and experimental surgery, etc. 
surpalite (ser'pal-it). Diphosgen. 
surra (suriah). A disease of horses, camels, and 
other domestic animals in India, China, Africa, 
and the Philippine Islands, said to be caused 
by an animal microparasite, the Trypanoso'ma 
evan'si. It is marked by fever, petechia of mucous 
surfaces, edema, progressive anemia, and emacia- 
tion, ending in death. It is transmitted by the bite 
of gadflies or horseflies (Tabanidae) and probably 
also by fleas. 
surrenal (sur-e'nal). i. Suprarenal. 2. A supra- 
renal body; an adrenal. 
surrogate (sur'o-gat) [L. surroga'tus substituted]. 
A substance used as a substitute for another. 
sursanure (sur-san'ur) [L. sur- over + sa'nus 
healthy]. An old name for a sore healed out- 
wardly, but not inwardly. 
sursumduction (sur-sum-duk'shun) [L. sur1 sum 
up + du'cere to lead]. 1. The act of elevation 
of the visual axis of one eye above the other; 
also the degree to which such elevation can be 
made. The ability to elevate the axis of one 
or of either eye above that of the other. 
sursumvergence (sur-sum-verijens) [L. sur'sum 
upward + ve/gere to turn]. An associated up- 
ward disjunctive movement of the eyes. 
sursumversion (sur-sum-ver'shun) [L. sur'sum 
upward + ver1 ter e to turn]. An act of turning 
or directing upward; used chiefly of a simulta- 
neous and equal upward turning of both eyes. 
SUrUfUCU (soo-roo-ko'koo). The Lach'esis mu'tus, 
a venomous snake of South America. See lachesis. 
suscitation (sus-sit-a'shun) [L. suscita'tio], An 
arousal or excitation. 
susotoxin (su-so-toks'in) [L. sus hog + toxin]. A 
ptomain or toxin, Ci0H26N2, from cultures of the 
hog-cholera bacillus. It causes convulsions and 
death when injected into animals. 
suspension (sus-pen'shun) [L. suspen'sio]. 1. A 
condition of temporary cessation, as of anima- 
tion, of pain, or of any vital process. 2. Treat- 
ment, chiefly of spinal disorders, by suspending 
the patient by the chin and the shoulders, ceph- 
alic S., suspension of a patient by the head in order 
to make extension of the vertebral column. S. of 
the uterus, the operation of suturing the uterus 
to the abdominal wall. 
suspensoid (sus-pen'soid). A colloid solution in 
which the particles are solid, suspended, as it were, 
in the fluid part of the solution: a suspension colloid. 
suspensory (sus-pen'sor-e) [L. suspenso'rius]. 1. 
Serving to hold up a part. 2. A ligament, bone, 
muscle, sling, or bandage which serves to hold 
up a part. 
sustentacular (sus-ten-tak'u-lar) [L. sustenta're 
to support]. Sustaining or supporting. See cell. 
sustentaculum (sus-ten-tak'u-lum), pl. sustentac'- 
ula [L.]. A support, s. li'enis, the suspensory 
ligament of the spleen, s. ta'li, a process of the 
calcaneum which supports the astragalus. 
sustoxin (sus-toks'in). Same as susotoxin. 
susurrus (su-sur'us). Latin for murmur. 
SUSURRUS SUtho (su'tho). A kind of leprosy occurring in 
Corea. 
SUtika (su'tik-ah). A disease of pregnant women 
of Bengal, marked by digestive troubles and fever 
during pregnancy, and after delivery by progres- 
sive pernicious anemia. 
sutura (su-tu'rah). Latin for suture, s. den- 
ta'ta, the interlocking of bones by a saw^like 
process, s. harmo'nia, the simple apposition 
of bones. 3. limbo'sa, an interlocking of bones 
by beveled surfaces, s. mendo'sa, a suture 
between the upper part of the occipital bone and 
the rest of that bone. s. no'tha, an apparent, 
but not true, suture of bones. 3. serTata [B N A], 
Same as s. denta'ta. s. squamo'sa [B N A], the 
overlapping of the edges of bones, s. veTa, a true 
bony suture; one whose opposed edges inter- 
lock. 
sutural (su'tu-ral). Of or pertaining to a suture; 
as, suttiral ligament. 
suturation (su-tu-ra'shun). The act or process 
of suturing, sewing, or stitching. 
suture (su'tur) [L, sutu'ra], 1. A surgical stitch 
or seam. 2. The line of junction of adjacent 
cranial or facial bones, absorbable s., a suture 
which becomes dissolved in the body fluids and 
disappears, such as catgut and tendon. Albert's 
S., a form of Czerny suture in which the first row 
of stitches is passed through the entire thickness of 
the intestine, antiseptic 3., a suture made 
with material that has been rendered antisep- 
tic. Appolito's 3., a continued Gely's suture, 
apposition s., a suture that includes only the 
skin: used for the exact approximation of the 
cutaneous edges of a wound, approximation 
S., a deep suture for securing apposition of the 
deep tissues of a wound, base-ball s., a form 
of continuous suture carried all around a wound, 
basilar s., one separating the basilar process of 
the occipital bone from the body of the sphenoid, 
bastard s. See sutura notha. BSclard's s., a 
through-and-through suture in which the needle 
is threaded with a white and a colored thread. 
When the suture is withdrawn, the white thread 
is pulled from one end and the colored one from 
the other. Bell's 3., a form of glovers' suture 
in which the needle is passed from within out- 
ward alternately on the two edges of the wound. 
Bertrandi's 3., a continuous suture passing 
back and forth or to and fro. Billroth's 3., 
buttonhole suture, biparietal 3. sagittal suture, 
bolster s., a suture the ends of which are passed 
over pads of gauze or rubber tubing in order to 
lessen the tension on the skin. Bouisson's S., an 
intestinal suture made by passing pins in and 
out on each side of the wound and drawing it 
together by threads passed around the pins. 
Bozeman's 3., a form of button-suture, buried 
8., a series of stitches concealed by the skin, 
button-s., one passed through button-like disks 
to prevent the thread from cutting, catgut 8., 
one made with catgut, chain 8., a continuous 
suture in which each loop of thread catches the 
adjacent loop, circular s., one which is ap- 
plied to the entire circumference of an organ, 
clavate 3., a quilled suture, coaptation s. 
Same as apposition s. cobblers' 8., one made 
with a thread armed with two needles, com- 
pound s., a quilled suture. Connell's s., a 
suture for circular enterorrhaphy, in which one- 
half of the lumen of the intestine is sutured by 
stitching through all the coats, and the other half 
is then closed by continuous suture, continu- 
ous s. See glovers' s. coronal s., that formed 
by the union of the frontal bones with the two 
parietal bones. Cushing's 3., a form of con- 
tinuous Lembert suture. Czerny's s. 1. An in- 
testinal suture in which the thread is passed through 
the mucous membrane alone. 2. A method of 
uniting a ruptured tendon by splitting one of the 
ends and suturing the other in the slit. Czerny- 
Lembert S., a combination of Czerny's and Lem- 
SUTHO 
1084 
bert's sutures in circular enterorrhaphy. den- 
tate S., one in which the opposed edges of the 
bones are toothed or jagged, dry s., one in 
which the stitches are made through two strips 
of adhesive plaster applied along either edge of 
a wound. Dupuytren's s., a continuous Lem- 
bert suture. Duvergier's 3., the suturation of 
an intestine over a section of a calf's trachea. 
Emmert's s., a series of double Lembert sutures 
used in closing intestinal wounds, ethmoido- 
frontal s., the suture, between the ethmoid and 
frontal bones, ethmoidolacrimal s., the junc- 
tion of the ethmoid and lacrimal bones, eth- 
moidomaxillary s., the line of union between 
the orbital surface of the body of the maxilla and 
the os planum of the ethmoid bone. eth- 
moidosphenoid s., the suture between the eth- 
moid and sphenoid bones, false s., any suture 
in which there is no real interlocking of the bones, 
as in a harmonic or a squamous suture, figure- 
of-eight s., harelip suture, frontal s., a 
suture in children between the lateral halves of 
the frontal bone. It sometimes persists through- 
out life, fronto-ethmoidal s., ethmoido- 
frontal s. frontolacrimal s., the line of junc- 
tion between the upper edge of the lacrimal and 
the orbital plate of the frontal bones, frontoma- 
lar s., the suture between the frontal and ma- 
lar bones. frontomaxillary s., the su- 
ture between the frontal bone and superior 
maxilla, frontonasal 3., the suture between the 
frontal bone and the alee of the sphenoid bone, 
frontoparietal s., the coronoid suture, fronto- 
sphenoid 3., extends between the frontal and 
sphenoid bones. frontotemporal s., the 
suture between the frontal and temporal bones. 
Gely's s., a continuous suture for intestinal 
wounds, made by a thread with a needle at each 
end, and consisting of a series of cross-stitches 
closing the wound, glovers' 3. i. A suture 
made by passing the needle through each lip 
of the wound from within outward. 2. A con- 
tinuous suture in which each stitch is looped 
through the one preceding it. Gould's s., an in- 
testinal suture of the mattress type. Gussen- 
bauer's s., a figure-of-8 suture for a rent of the in- 
testine. Halsted's S., a plain quilt-suture for 
suturing a wound in the intestine, harelip s., a 
suture in which the edges of the wound are approxi- 
mated by a large pin thrust through them, the 
position of the edges being maintained by a thread 
twisted in a figure-of-8 position about the ends of 
the pin. Called also pin-s. and twisted s. Har- 
ris' 3., a suture for uniting circular wounds of the 
intestine. The mucous membrane of the distal 
portion is denuded; the proximal end is then passed 
over the denuded distal end and sutured, im- 
planted S., a suture made by passing pins into 
the flesh parallel to the wound. The pins are 
drawn together with threads, thus closing the lips 
of the wound, incisive s. Same as premaxillary 
s. india-rubber s., a harelip or twisted suture 
in which rubber rings are used instead of threads, 
infolding s., a running suture inserted at parallel 
intervals and then drawn up so as to infold and 
approximate broad areas, infra-orbital s., 
an occasional suture from the infra-orbital fora- 
men to the infra-orbitral groove, intermaxil- 
lary S., the line of junction of the two halves of 
the superior maxillary bone below the anterior 
nasal spine, internasal s., one between the 
two nasal.bones, interparietal 3., the sagittal 
suture, interrupted s., a series of stitches 
placed separately at short distances from each 
other to keep together the edges of a wound, 
intradermic s., a suture applied parallel with 
the edges of the wound, but below the surface 
of the skin, the needle being entered at opposite 
points of the deep portions of the skin. Jobert's 
8., an interrupted suture of various kinds for a 
divided intestine, the upper end being invaginated 
into the lower, jugal S., sagittal suture. knotted 
3., an interrupted suture the stitches of which 
SUTURE SUTURE 
1085 
SUTURE 
Continued or glovers' suture. 
Interrupted suture. 
Button-suture. 
Quilled suture. 
Quilt suture. 
fobert's suture for complete transverse division of gut: 
a, serous; b, muscular; c, mucous coat. 
Tendon sutures: a, of Le Fort; b, of Le Dentu; 
c, of Lejars. 
Wolfler's suture. 
Twisted suture. 
Gussenbauer's suture. 
Lembert's suture : a, serous ; b, mus- 
cular ; c, mucous coat. 
Czerny-Lembert suture. SUTURE 
1086 
SUTURE 
are tied with knots, lace 8., a set of fine stitches 
closing a wound or fistula, lacrimoconchal 
S., the line of junction of the lacrimal with the 
inferior turbinated bone, lacrimomaxillary 
8., a suture on the inner wall of the orbit between 
the lacrimal bone and the maxilla, lambdoid s., 
a cranial suture between the occipital and parietal 
bones, lead-plate s., one the ends of which 
are fastened to plates of lead. Le Dentu's 
S., for a divided tendon: Two stitches are passed 
on either side, right and left, and are tied in front; 
a third is taken from right to left above and below 
the cut, and is tied on one side. Ledran's s., 
an intestinal suture in which single-threaded 
stitches about one inch apart are tied on each side 
of the wound separately, and the two bundles are 
then tied together. Lefort's s., for a divided 
tendon: A single loop is passed above the cut, 
entering at one side, coming out and going in in 
front; it is then passed below the cut at each side, 
coming out in front, and is there tied. Lembert's 
8. i. A form of seam for wounds of the intestine. 
A thread is taken through the peritoneal and mus- 
cular coats, crossing the wound in such a way that 
the lips of the wound are turned in and the two 
peritoneal surfaces come in contact; 2. A form of 
suture for lacerated perineum. Littrd's S., a 
form used in operations for intestinal gangrene: 
The lower end of the bowel is ligated, and the 
upper end is joined to the inguinal ring to form 
an artificial anus. Lbffler's S., a suture mainly 
for intestinal wounds, in which interrupted wire 
loops are crossed and attached to the wound, 
longitudinal 8., sagittal suture, loop-s, an in- 
terrupted suture, mattress-s., a continuous 
suture applied back and forth through both 
edges of a wound, metopic s. Same as frontal 
s. nasofrontal s., a suture between the frontal 
and the two nasal bones, nasomaxillary s., 
a suture between the lateral edge of the nasal 
bone and the frontal process of the maxilla, nerve 
8., one for uniting the ends of a divided nerve, 
catgut or fine silk being commonly used, non- 
absorbable S., a suture which does not become 
absorbed, such as silk or silver wire, noose 
s., an interrupted suture, occipitomastoid s., 
an extension of the lambdoid suture between the 
posterior edge of the mastoid portion of the 
temporal bone and the occipital, palatine s., 
the suture between the palate bone and the pala- 
tine processes, palato-ethmoidal S., the su- 
ture between the orbital process of the palate bone 
and the os planum of the ethmoid, palato- 
maxillary S., the suture in the floor of the orbit 
between the orbital processes of the palate bone and 
the orbital position of the maxilla. Palfyn's s., 
loops of thread are passed through a wound of 
the intestine, and the ends are secured to the skin. 
Pancoast's S., a form of tongue-and-groove su- 
ture. See plastic s. Pare's s., the use of strips of 
cloth pasted along the edges of a wound, which are 
stitched together so as to approximate the wound 
margins, parietal s., sagittal suture, parieto- 
mastoid S., the junction of the posterior inferior 
angle of the parietal with the mastoid process 
of the temporal bone. Petit's S., a suture for 
wounds of the intestine, in which stitches are 
placed three lines apart, the ends on. each side 
tied together, and then twisted into two bundles, 
petro-occipital s., the suture between the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone and the 
occipital bone, pin-s., a harelip suture. plastic 
S., a suture in which a tongue is cut in one lip 
of the wound and a groove in the other; the tongue 
and groove are stitched together, and the ends 
of the thread tied over a roll of adhesive plaster, 
plate s., a suture passed through a lead plate, 
premaxillary s., an occasional suture between 
the maxillary and premaxillary bones when the 
latter is present, presection s., one applied 
before cutting, primary s., one which effects 
an immediate closure of the wound, primary 
delayed s., a wound suture applied at the end of 
a day or two after the infliction of the worn d. 
primo-secondary s., one which in the wound is 
first sutured loosely, then tamponed for several 
hours, and then drawn together by the stitches and 
tied, purse-string s., a suture passed in 
and out around the edge of a circular opening, 
so that when the two ends are drawn tight 
the opening is closed, quilled s., one in which 
a double thread is employed and tied over quills 
or a soft catheter, in order that the sutures may 
be relaxed when the tension becomes too great, 
quilt-s., quilted s., a continuous mattress- 
suture in which each stitch is tied as soon as formed, 
and the next stitch is passed in the opposite direc- 
tion. Ramdohr s., the invagination of the upper 
part of the divided intestine into the lower, fol- 
lowed by its suturation. rat-tail 8., one per- 
formed with a fiber taken from the tail of a rat. 
relaxation s., relief s., any suture which 
closes a wound temporarily, but is so formed that 
it may be relaxed, in order to relieve the tension 
when it becomes too great. Reybard's 8., an 
interrupted suture for the intestine in which 
oval wooden plates are employed, rhabdoid 
s., the sagittal suture. Richter's 8., a form 
for intestinal wounds in which interrupted me- 
tallic loops are used, their ends being brought 
out of the external wound. Rigal's s., a twisted 
or harelip suture in which rubber rings are used 
instead of threads. Ritisch's s., for a divided 
intestine: The stitch is taken through the bowel 
from side to side, the ends twisted and brought 
out through the external wound. Robinson's 
S., for a divided intestine: A piece of rubber tube 
is inserted in the proximal part, the mucous mem- 
brane of the proximal end is removed for half an 
inch, the other end is then inserted, and a row 
of stitches is carried around the place of union, 
rubber s., a harelip suture in which a rub- 
ber band is used instead of a thread. Saba- 
tier's S., a method in which approximation 
of the intestinal wound is effected by means of a 
piece of cardboard saturated with turpentine oil. 
sagittal s., the cranial suture between the pari- 
etal bones. Sanger's 3., the closure of the uter- 
ine wound in cesarean section by eight or ten 
deep silver wire sutures, and the use of twenty or 
more superficial stitches taken through the peri- 
toneum. secondary s., the suturation of a 
wound at a considerable period after an opera- 
tion, especially when the wound has been pri- 
marily sutured and tamponed, seroserous 8., 
the suturation of two serous surfaces to each 
other, shotted s., one in which the two ends 
of the wire are passed through a perforated shot, 
which is then compressed, silkworm-gut s., 
one made with a fiber prepared from the entrails 
of the silkworm. Simon's s., a method of clos- 
ing the lacerated perineum and ruptured sphincter 
ani, in which the rectal mucosa, the vaginal mu- 
cosa, and the skin are separately sutured. Sims' 
s., a shotted or clamp suture, sphenofrontal 
S., a long, horizontal suture between the orbital 
plates of the frontal bone and the orbitosphenoids, 
and between the external angular processes of the 
frontal and the alisphenoids. sphenomaxillary 
S., an occasional suture between the pterygoid 
process of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla, 
spheno-occipital s., the suture between the 
basisphenoid and the basi-occipital bones, sphe- 
no-orbital s., the suture between the orbital proc- 
ess of the palate bone and the body of the sphenoid, 
sphenoparietal s., the cranial suture between 
the great wing of the sphenoid and the parietal 
bone, sphenotemporal s., the line of union 
between the sphenoid and temporal bones, sphe- 
nozygomatic S., a suture between the malar 
bone and the great wing of the sphenoid, spiral 
s., a glovers' suture, spiroid s., a modified form 
of glovers' suture for intestinal wounds, squa- 
momastoid s., a suture existing in early life 
between the squamous and mastoid portions of 
the temporal bone, squamosphenoid s., the line of union between the anterior border of the 
squamosa and the great wing of the sphenoid, 
squamous s., the Une of junction between the 
squamosa and the parietal bone, staple S., one 
in which the wound is closed by U-shaped wires 
passed through both its lips, subcuticular s., 
a continuous buried suture concealed by the 
epidermis, sunk s., a buried suture, superfi- 
cial S., one which is made through the skin only, 
or which does not include any deep tissue, sym- 
peritoneal s., one which unites two parts of the 
peritoneum. Taylor's s., approximation of the 
flaps by cobblers' stitches after amputation of the 
cervix uteri, tension s. Same as relaxation s. 
tobacco-bag s., a suture taken in and out 
around a circular patch which is drawn together by 
the thread and tied, tongue-and-groove s. 
See plastic s. transverse s., the suture between 
the frontal bone above and the nasal, malar, and 
superior maxillary bones below, triangular s. 
See Simon's s. true s., a cranial suture in which 
the bones are interlocked, twisted S. See 
harelips, uninterrupted s. See continuous s. 
uteroparietal s., the stitching of the uterus 
to the inner surface of the abdominal cut: chiefly 
employed after a cesarean section, viscero- 
parietal s., the suturing of a viscus to the ab- 
dominal wall. Wolfler's s. 1. For a divided 
intestine: The mucosa is united by a continuous 
suture, tied for a part of the circumference on the 
inside, and for a part on the outside, of the gut, 
the serous surfaces being united by Lembert sutures. 
2. For a divided tendon: The stitch enters the 
tendon from one side above the cut, comes out 
twice in front, both above and below, and is tied 
on the side where the stitch first entered, zygo- 
maticofrontal s., a suture between the zygo- 
matic process of the frontal and the frontal process 
of the malar bone, zygomaticomaxillary s., 
a suture between the malar bone and the zygomatic 
process of the maxilla, zygomaticotemporal 
s., a suture between the zygomatic process of the 
temporal and the temporal process of the malar 
bone. 
Suzanne's gland (soo-zanz') [Jean Georges Su- 
zanne, French physician, born 1859]. See gland. 
S. V., s. v. Abbreviation for L. spir'itus vi'ni, 
alcoholic spirit. 
svapnia (svap'ne-ah). A denarcotized preparation 
of opium. Dose, |-2 gr. (0.033-0.133 gm.). 
S. V. r. Abbreviation for L. spir'itus vi'ni rectifi- 
ca'tus, rectified spirit of wine. 
S. v. t. Abbreviation for L. spir'itus vi'ni ten'uis, 
proof spirit. 
Swab (swab). 1. A device for moistening the lips 
of a helpless patient. 2. A wire with a tuft of 
sterilized cotton at the end: used in collecting 
material for bacteriologic study. West s. See 
West tube method, under method. 
swage (swaj). 1. To shape metal by using a swage 
or die. 2. A tool or form, often one of a pair, for 
shaping metal by pressure. 
swager (swa'jer). An apparatus fitted with dies 
and counterdies for shaping crown, inlays, etc., in 
dental work. 
swallowing (swahl'o-ing). See deglutition. 
swallow's nest (swahl'oz). The nidus hirundinis. 
swamp-fever (swahmp). See under fever. 
swamp-itch (swahmp). Prairie-itch. See itch. 
Swart'zia tomento'sa. A tropical American tree 
with a resinous and sudorific bark. 
sway-back (swa'bak). Abnormal downward cur- 
vature of the spinal column in the dorsal region in 
horses. 
sweat (swet). The perspiration; the clear liquid 
exuded from or excreted by the sudoriparous 
glands. It possesses a characteristic odor and a 
salty taste; its reaction is normally alkaline, but 
when mixed with sebum, it is acid. It contains 
sodium chlorid, cholesterin, fats and fatty acids. 
SUZANNE'S GLAND 
1087 
and traces of albumin, urea, and other compounds, 
bloody s., hematidrosis. s.-canal, the duct 
of a sweat-gland, s.-center, a center within the 
medulla which excites the excretion of sweat, 
s.-fever, s.-sickness, miliaria; anglicus sudor, 
s.-fiber, a nerve-fiber which stimulates a sweat- 
gland. s.-gland, one of the glands that secrete 
the sweat, consisting of a tube so coiled as to form 
a round mass, located in the subcutaneous tissue 
and opening by a duct upon the surface of the skin, 
green s., a greenish sweating seen among workers 
in copper. night-S., sweating during sleep: a 
symptom of phthisis, phosphorescent s., 
phosphorescent perspiration, sometimes observed in 
miliaria and after the eating of phosphorescent fish, 
sweating (swet'ing). The act of perspiring, col- 
liquative S., a copious clammy perspiration. S.- 
sickness, miliary fever or anglicus sudor. 
Swediaur's disease (swa-de-aw'erz) [Austrian 
physician, 1748-1824J. See under disease. 
Swedish gymnastics, movement (swe'dish). 
See kinesitherapy. 
sweeny (swe'ne). Atrophy of the muscles in the 
shoulder of a horse. 
sweetbread (swet'bred). The popular designa- 
tion-(1) of the thymus of young animals (neck- 
sweetbread); (2) of the pancreas (stomach-sweet- 
bread); and (3) of the testes of animals when used 
as food. 
swelled head (sweld). See roup. 
swelling (swel'ing). An elevation or elevated 
area, albuminous s. Same as cloudy s. 
blennorrhagic s., swelling of the knee in gonor- 
rheal synovitis. Calabar s's, elevations about 
one-half the size of a goose-egg, appearing on 
various portions of the body, and thought to be 
due to infection with Filaria loa. cloudy S. 
1. A degenerative change in various tissues char- 
acterized by swelling, a cloudy appearance, and 
albuminous infiltration, and often ending in fatty 
degeneration. Called also albuminous degene- 
ration. 2. A change which takes place in 
the protoplasm during the process of nutrition, 
glassy s., amyloid degeneration. Soemmering's 
crystalline s., annular edema of the lower por- 
tion of the lens-capsule after the removal of a- 
cataractous lens, tympanic s. See intumes- 
centia tympanica. white s., the swelling pro- 
duced by tuberculous arthritis. 
Swieten's solution (sve'tenz). See von Swieten. 
Swift-Ellis treatment [Homer F. Swift, born 
1881, and Arthur W. M. Ellis, New York, phy- 
sicians]. See under treatment. 
swine-diphtheria (swin-dip-the're-ah). Hog- 
cholera. 
swine-erysipelas (swin"er-is-ip'el-as). A con- 
tagious disease of young swine, attended with 
fever and the formation of red blotches on the 
neck and body. Called also rouget du pore. 
swine-fever (swin-fe'ver). Hog-cholera, or pig. 
typhoid, an infectious disease of swine, produced 
by the Bacil'lus suipes'tifer. It is marked by 
fever, loss of appetite, and unwillingness to move. 
swine-pest (swin'pest). Hog-cholera. 
swine-plague (swin'plag). An epidemic and con- 
tagious disease of swine, affecting the respiratory 
and alimentary tract, and produced by the bacillus, 
of swine-plague. 
swing (swing). A kind of suspensory cradle or 
sling for a broken leg. 
swinny (swin'e). Sweeny. 
swoon (swun). See syncope. 
sycephalus (si-sef'al-us). Same as syncephalus. 
sycoma (si-ko'mah) [Gr. abKwp.a, from <jvkov fig], 
A wart or condyloma. 
sycose (si'kos). Same as saccharin. 
sycosiform (si-ko'sif-orm). Like or resembling 
sycosis. 
SYCOSIFORM sycosis (si-ko'sis) [Gr. abnuais, avKov fig]. 1. A dis- 
ease marked by inflammation of the hair-follicles, 
especially of the beard, forming papules or pus- 
tules that are perforated by the hairs and are 
surrounded by infiltrated skin. The disease results 
from general debility and constitutional disturb- 
ances. 2. A kind of ulcer on the eyelids, bacillo- 
genic s., sycosis said to be caused by the Bacil'lus 
sycosif'erus foet'idus. s. bar'bae, sycosis of the 
beard, coccogenic s., sycosis of the hair- 
follicles of the beard from infection of the follicles 
by staphylococci. Called also non-parasitic s., 
j. barbee, and s. vulgare. s. contagio'sa, barbers' 
itch. See tinea sycosis, s. framboe'sia, s. 
frambeesiaefor'mis, dermatitis papillaris capil- 
litii. lupoid s., ulerythema sycosiforme. non- 
parasitic s. See tinea sycosis, s. nu'chae 
necroti'sans, folliculitis affecting the scalp at 
the neck and producing permanent scarring, par- 
asitic s., tinea sycosis, s. staphylo'genes, 
s. vulga'ris, a form due to infection with pus 
cocci, s. tar'si, blepharitis. 
Sydenham's chorea (sid'en-hamz) [ThomasSyden- 
ham, a celebrated English physician, sometimes 
called the " English Hippocrates," 1624-1689]. 
See chorea. 
sydrosin (sid-ro'sin). A preparation of eucalyptus 
leaves: used in pertussis. 
syllabize (sil'ab-iz) [Gr. <ruXXa/3iC«p]- To divide 
speech-sounds into syllables. 
syllable-stumbling (sil'ab-1). Dysphasia in which 
there is difficulty in pronouncing certain syllables, 
resulting in a sort of stuttering. 
syllabus (sil'ab-us) [Gr. abXXaSos a collection]. 
An outline of a course of lectures. 
syllepsiology (sil"ep-se-ol'o-je) [Gr. abXXipl'is con- 
ception + Aoyas treatise]. The sum of knowledge 
regarding conception or pregnancy. 
syllepsis (sil-ep'sis). Conception or pregnancy. 
sylvan (sil'van). A liquid obtained along with 
tetrol from distillation of pine wood. 
Sylvester's method (sil-ves'terz) [Henry Robert 
Sylvester, English physician, 1829-1908]. See ar- 
tificial respiration, under respiration. 
sylvian (sil've-an). Described by or named for 
Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a French anatomist, 
1614-1672. The name has been erre eously 
ascribed to Jacobus Sylvius (Jacques Dubois), a 
French anatomist, 1478-1555, the teacher of 
Vesalius, s. aqueduct, artery, fissure, etc. 
See aqueduct, artery, fissure, etc. 
sylviduct (sil'vid-ukt). The aqueduct of Sylvius. 
Sym., sym. Abbreviation for symmetric. 
symbion, symbiont (sim'be-on, sim'be-ont) [Gr. 
abv together + 0los life]. An organism which 
lives in a state of symbiosis. 
symbiosis (sim-be-o'sis) [Gr. avp0lwais]. The liv- 
ing together or close association of two different 
organisms (De Bary). It differs from parasitism in 
that both parties are benefited by the arrange- 
ment. antagonistic s., antipathetic s., 
an association between two organisms which is to 
the disadvantage of one of them; parasitism, con- 
junctive S., association between two different 
organisms, with bodily union between them, 
constructive s., an association between two 
organisms which is of benefit to. the physiologic 
processes of one of them, disjunctive s., 
symbiosis without actual union of the organisms. 
symbiote (sim'be-6t). Same as symbion. 
symbiotic (sim-be-ot'ik). Associated in symbio- 
sis. 
symblepharon (sim-blef'ar-on) [Gr. avv together 
+ 0X'e<papov eyelid]. Adhesion of the lids to the 
eyeball, anterior s., adherence of the edge of the 
eyelid, posterior s., adhesion at the fold of the 
conjunctiva, total S., adhesion of the entire lid. 
symblephsropterygium (sim-blef"a-ro-ter-ij'e- 
SYCOSIS 
1088 
um). A combination of symblepharon and pteryg- 
ium; a form of symblepharon in which the lid is 
joined to the eyeball by a cicatricial band resem- 
bling a pterygium. 
symbol (sim'bul) [Gr. abp0oAov, from avp0dXXeiv 
to compare]. A mark or character representing 
some quality or relation. In chemistry a sym- 
bol is a letter or combination of letters repre- 
senting an atom of an element or a molecule of 
a radical. 
symbolia (sim-bo'le-ah). Ability to recognize the 
nature of objects by the sense of touch. 
symbolism (sim'bol-izm). An abnormal mental 
condition in which every occurrence is conceived 
of as a symbol of the patient's own thoughts. 
symbolophobia (sim"bol-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. a6g- 
0oXov symbol + <pb0os fear]. A morbid fear that 
one's acts may contain some symbolic meaning. 
symbrachydactylia (sim-brak"e-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. 
abv together fipaxvs short + baKrvXos finger], 
A condition in which the fingers or toes are short 
and adherent; webbed fingers or toes. 
symelus (sim'el-us). See symmelus. 
Syme's operation (simz) [James Syme, Scotch 
surgeon, 1799-1870]. See operation. 
Symington's body (si'ming-tonz) [Johnson Sy- 
mington, contemporary Scotch anatomist]. The 
anococcygeal body. See body. 
symmelia (sim-e'le-ah) [Gr. abv together + /zeXos 
limb]. Fusion of the feet and legs. 
symmelus (sim'el-us) [Gr. abv together + jueXos 
limb]. A monster-fetus with the feet and legs 
more or less fused and imperfect development 
of the pelvis. 
symmetric, symmetrical (sim-et'rik, sim'et-rik- 
al) [Gr. avppeTpiK.bs\. Pertaining to or exhib- 
iting symmetry. In chemistry, denoting com- 
pounds which contain atoms or groups at equal 
intervals in the molecule. 
symmetromania (sim'met-ro-ma'ne-ah) [sym- 
metry + Gr. pavla madness]. An insane tendency 
to make symmetrical motions, as of both arms in- 
stead of one. 
symmetry (sim'et-re) [Gr. avpperpia; abv with 
+ perpov measure]. The regular or reversed dis- 
position of parts around a common axis, or on 
each side of any plane of the body, inverse s., 
correspondence of one side of an assymmetrical 
individual to the same side of another. 
sympathectomy, sympathetectomy, sym- 
pathicectomy (sim-path-ek'to-me, sim-path-et- 
ek'to-me, sim"path-is-ek'to-me) [sympathetic + 
Gr. enrop-q excision]. The surgical removal of a 
part of a sympathetic nerve, especially the supe- 
rior cervical sympathetic ganglion, periarterial 
S., surgical removal of the sheath of an artery 
containing the sympathetic nerve-fibers. The 
operation produces temporary vasodilatation lead- 
ing to improved nutrition of the part supplied by 
the vessel. It is indicated for trophic disorders 
(Leriche). 
sympatheoneuritis (sim-path"e-o-nu-ri'tis). In- 
flammation of the sympathetic nerve. 
sympathetic (sim-path-et'ik) [Gr. avpicadiqTiKbs]. 
1. Pertaining to, caused by, or exhibiting, sym- 
pathy, 2. The sympathetic nerve or system of 
nerves. See nerve and system. 
sympatheticless (sim-path-et'ik-les). Deprived of 
its abdominal sympathetic chain. 
sympatheticoparalytic (sim-path-et"ik-o-par-al- 
it'ik). Due to or affected with paralysis of the 
sympathetic nervous system. 
sympatheticotonia (sim-path-et"ik-o-to'ne-ah). 
Sympathicotonia. 
sympatheticotonic (sim-path-et"ik-o-ton'ik) 
[sympathetic + Gr. rovas tone]. Caused by a 
tonic contraction of the arteries that is due to 
overaction of the sympathetic. 
SYMPATHETICOTONIC SYMPATHETOBLAST 
1089 
SYMPTOM 
sympathetoblast (sim-path-et'o-blast). One of 
the embryonic cells from the sympathetic system 
which take part in the formation of the adrenal 
medulla. 
sympathic (sim-path'ik). Sympathetic. 
sympathicoblast (sim-path'ik-o-blast). An em- 
bryonic cell which develops into a sympathetic 
nerve-cell. 
sympathiconeuritis (sim-path"ik-o-nu-ri'tis). In- 
flammation of the sympathetic nerve. 
sympathicopathy (sim-path-e-kop'ath-e). Any 
disease due to disorder of the sympathetic nervous 
system. 
sympathicotonia (sim-path"ik-o-to'ne-ah). A 
stimulated condition of the vegetative autonomic 
nervous system characterized by vascular spasm 
and hightened blood-pressure. 
sympathicotonic (sim-path"ik-o-ton'ik). Sym- 
patheticotonic. 
sympathicotripsy (sim-path-ik-o-trip'se) [sympa- 
thetic ganglion + Gr. rpl^ecv to crush]. The surgical 
crushing of the superior cervical ganglion in the 
treatment of mental affections. 
sympathicotrope (sim-path'ik-o-trop). Sym- 
pathicotropic. 
sympathicotropic (sim-path"ik-o-trop'ik) [sym- 
pathetic + Gr. Tpo-riKos turning]. Having an affin- 
ity for the sympathetic nervous system. 
sympathicus (sim-path'ik-su). The sympathetic 
nervous system. 
sympathism (sim'path-izm). Susceptibility to 
hypnotic influence; suggestibility; the alleged 
transfer of feelings from one person to another. 
sympathist (sim'path-ist). One susceptible to 
sympathism. 
sympathizer (sim'path-i-zer). An eye which be- 
comes inflamed through sympathy with disease 
of its fellow. 
sympathoblast (sim-path'o-blast) [sympathetic + 
Gr. PXaaros germ]. An embryonic cell which 
develops into a sympathetic ganglion cell. 
sympathy (sim'path-e) [Gr. avp-iraOeca]. 1. An in- 
fluence produced in any organ by disease or dis- 
order in another part. 2. A relation which exists 
between the mind and the body, causing the one 
to be affected by the other. 3. The influence 
exerted by one individual upon another, or re- 
ceived by one from another, and the effects thus 
produced, as seen in hypnotism, in yawning, 
and in the transfer of hysteric symptoms. 
symperitoneal (sim-per-it-o-ne'al). Uniting two 
or more parts of the peritoneum artificially. 
sympexis (sim-peks'is) [Gr. "concretion"]. The 
arrangement of erythrocytes according to the laws 
of surface tension. 
symphallangism (sim-fal'an-jism) (Gr. aw to- 
gether + phalanges]. Ankylosis of the proximal 
phalangeal joints. 
symphoricarpus (sim"for-ik-ar/pus) [Gr. avp- 
popeiv to bear together + Kapirbs fruit]. A homeo- 
pathic preparation of the fruit of Symphoricar'- 
pos racemo'sus, or snowberry, a shrub of North 
America. 
symphorol (sim'for-ol). A generic name for the salts 
of caffein-sulphonic acid: they are diuretics. The 
sodium salt is also sold under this name. Dose, 
15 gr. (1 gm.). Called also nasrol. s. lithium 
(symphorol L). Same as lithium-caffiein sul- 
phonate. s. N. (sodium), caffein-sodium sul- 
phate, C8HgN4O3.SO3Na: used as a diuretic, s. 
strontium. Same as strontium caffiein-sulphonate. 
symphyocephalus (sim"fe-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. abv 
together + <pbeiv to grow + KepaXq head]. A 
double monstrosity joined at the head. 
symphyseal, symphysial (sim-fiz'e-al). Pertain- 
ing to a symphysis. 
symphyseorrhaphy (sim-fiz-e-or'a-fe). See sym- 
physiorrhaphy. 
symphyseotome (sim-fiz'e-o-tbm). A knife used 
in performing symphyseotomy. 
symphyseotomy, symphysiotomy (sim-fiz-e-ot'- 
o-me) [Gr. au^^uais symphysis -f- Tepveiv to cut.] 
The division of the fibrocartilage of the symphysis 
pubis, in order to facilitate delivery, by increasing 
the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis. 
symphysic (sim-fiz'ik). Characterized by abnor- 
mal fusion of adjacent parts. 
symphysiectomy (sim-fiz-e-ek'to-me)[Gr. auju<pvais 
symphysis + eKrop-q excision]. Resection of the 
symphysis pubis in order to facilitate impending 
and possible future deliveries. 
symphysion (sim-fiz'e-on) [Gr. avppvacs symphy- 
sis]. The middle point of the outer border of 
the alveolar process of the lower jaw. 
symphysiorrhaphy (sim-fiz-e-or'a-fe) [Gr. afiju- 
<pvais symphysis + patp-q suture]. Suture of a 
divided symphysis. 
symphysis (sim'fis-is) [Gr. avp<pvais; avv together 
+ <pveiv to grow]. The line of junction and 
fusion between bones originally distinct, car- 
diac S., adhesion of the parietal and visceral 
layers of the pericardium, s. mandib'ulae, the 
central line of union of the two halves of the lower 
jaw. s. pubis, the junction of the pubic bones, 
s. sacrococcyge'a [BNA], the articulation be- 
tween the coccyx and the sacrum. 
symphysodactylia (sim"fis-o-dak-til'e-ah) [Gr. 
avpipvacs a growing together + SaKrvXos finger]. 
Union of the fingers or toes. 
Symphytum (sim'fit-um) [L.; Gr. avppoTov]. i. 
A genus of boraginaceous plants; S. officina'le 
is the comfrey of Europe and North America. 2. 
A homeopathic preparation of 5. officina'le. 
Symplocarpus foetidus (sim-plo-kar'pus fet'id-us). 
See Dracontium fcetidum. 
sympodia (sim-po'de-ah) [Gr. aw together + ttow 
foot]. The condition of having the two feet fused 
into one. Cf. sympus. 
symptom (simp'tum) [L. symp'toma; Gr. avprr- 
rupa\. Any evidence of disease or of a patient's 
condition; a change in a patient's condition indica- 
tive of some bodily or mental state. See also sign. 
abstinence s's, symptoms of excitement, col- 
lapse, etc., consequent on the sudden removal 
of a customary stimulant. accessory s., 
assident s., any symptom not pathognomonic. 
Barany's s. 1. In disturbances of equi- 
librium of the vestibular apparatus the direction 
of the fall is influenced by changing the posi- 
tion of the patient's head. 2. If the normal ear is 
irrigated with hot water (iio°~i2o° F.), a rotary 
nystagmus is developed toward the side of the irri- 
gated ear; if the ear is irrigated with cold water, a 
rotary nystagmus is developed away from the irri- 
gated side. There is no nystagmus if the labyrinth 
is diseased. Called also caloric test. Behier- 
Hardy s., aphonia occurring as an early symptom 
of pulmonary gangrene. Bernhardt's s. See 
under sign. Biernacki's s. See under sign. 
Bolognini's s., a sensation of crepitation felt 
on gradually increasing pressure on the abdomen in 
measles. Bonhoeffer's s., loss of normal muscle 
tonus in chorea. Brauch-Romberg s. See under 
sign. Broque's S., in children between four and 
seven years of age if the maxillary arch between 
the second deciduous molars measures less than 
28 mm., there is incipient malocclusion. Burg- 
hart's S., fine rales over the anterior inferior 
edge of the lung; an early sign of pulmonary 
tuberculosis. Castellani-Low s., a fine tremor 
of the. tongue seen in sleeping sickness, char- 
acteristic S., a homeopathic term for a symp- 
tom characteristic of any drug. Colliver's s., 
a peculiar twitching, tremulous, or convulsive 
movement of the limbs, face, jaw, and some- 
times of the entire body, seen in the prepara- 
lytic stage of poliomyelitis, complex of s's, a 
set of symptoms which occur together; the sum of SYMPTOM 
1090 
SYNAPHYMENITIS 
signs of any morbid state; a syndrome. See syn- 
drome. concomitant s., a symptom not es- 
sential to a disease, but which may have an acces- 
sory value in its diagnosis, consecutive s., 
a symptom appearing during convalescence from 
a disease, but having no connection with the 
disease, constitutional s., general s., a 
symptom indicative of or due to disorder of the 
whole body, delayed s's, deferred shock; 
severe shock or mental disturbance which does not 
appear for some time after the occurrence of the 
causes which produce it. direct s., one which is 
directly caused by the disease, dissociation s., 
anesthesia to pain and to heat and cold without 
loss of tactile sensibility; seen in syringomyelia, 
drug s., a homeopathic term for any symptom 
shown by a person who is proving a drug, equiv- 
ocal s., a symptom which may be produced 
by several different diseases, esophagosalivary 
S., excessive flow of saliva in patients with cancer 
of the esophagus. Francke's s., red streaks 
near the border of the gums in influenza. Ganser's 
S., the giving of crooked or absurd answers to 
questions: seen in certain psychotic conditions. 
Gersuny's s., in fecal tumors, if the finger be 
pressed slowly into the mass so that the intestinal 
mucous membrane sticks to the mass and then the 
finger is withdrawn gradually, it is possible to per- 
ceive the loosening of the mucous membrane from 
the fecal mass. Called also sticky s. Gold- 
thwait's S., pain referred to the sacro-iliac region 
or to the leg of the affected side when the thigh is 
flexed with the leg extended: seen in dislocation of 
the sacro-iliac joint, guiding S., characteristic 
symptom. halo-S., the seeing of colored rings 
around a plane: a sign of approaching glaucoma. 
Huchard's s. See Huchard's sign, under sign. 
incarceration s., periodically recurring symp- 
toms of displaced kidney, such as nephralgia, gas- 
tralgia, and severe collapse. Called also Dietl's 
crisis, indirect s., a symptom which points to a 
condition that may or may not be due to a partic- 
ular disease or lesion, induced s., one produced 
intentionally. Kerandel's s., the deep hyperes- 
thesia characteristic of sleeping sickness, key- 
note s., characteristic symptom. Kocher's s., 
a symptom of exophthalmic goiter: the examiner 
places his hand on a level with the patient's eyes and 
then lifts it higher; the patient's upper lid springs 
up more quickly than does his eyeball. Kuss- 
maul's S., convulsions and coma due to absorp- 
tion of toxins in disease of the stomach, laby- 
rinthine S., a group of symptoms indicating 
disease of internal ear. Liebreich's s., a symp- 
tom of red-green color-blindness in which light ef- 
fects appear red and shadows green, local S., one 
due to local disease or to a particular lesion, local- 
izing s's, symptoms that indicate the location of a 
lesion. Magnan's s., a sensation as of a round 
body beneath the skin: sometimes experienced 
in chronic cocainism. Mannaberg's s., Manna- 
berg's sign. See sign. Mannkopf's s. See 
under sign, nostril s., dilatation of the nos- 
trils during expiration and dropping during inspi- 
ration. objective s., one that is obvious to 
the senses of the observer. See sign. Oehler's 
S., coldness and pallor of the feet in intermittent 
claudication, passive s. See static s. patho- 
genic S., a homeopathic term for a drug symptom, 
pathognomonic s., one that surely establishes 
the diagnosis of the disease. Pel-Ebstein s., 
the chronic relapsing pyrexia of Hodgkin's dis- 
ease; called also P el-Ebstein pyrexia, physical 
s. See sign. Prat's s., rigidity of the muscles 
of a limb preceding the development of gangrene, 
precursory s., premonitory s. Same as signal- 
s. pressure-s., a nervous symptom due to pres- 
sure upon the brain or spinal cord. Pressure-symp- 
toms consist of spasms, increased muscular tonicity, 
pain, hyperesthesia, and, in severe cases, paralysis, 
rainbow s., the halo of glaucoma, rational s. 
Same as subjective s. reflex s., a symptom oc- 
curring in a part remote from that which is affected 
by the disease. Remak's s., polyesthesia; 
also a prolongation of the lapse of time before a 
painful impression is perceived; both are noted in 
tabes dorsalis. Roger's s., a temperature below 
the normal in the third stage of tuberculous men- 
ingitis. Rumpf's s. See Rumpf's sign, under 
sign. Seguin's signal-s., the involuntary 
contraction of the muscles just before an epileptic 
attack, signal-s., a sensation, aura, or other 
subjective experience that gives warning of the ap- 
proach of an epileptic or other seizure. Skeer ' s S., 
a small circle in the iris surrounding the pupil: it 
is regarded as pathognomonic of tuberculous men- 
ingitis. Static S., a condition indicative of the 
state of some particular organ independent of the 
rest of the body. Called also passive s. Stell- 
wag's s. See under sign, sticky s. See 
Gersuny's s. subjective S., one that is per- 
ceptible to the patient only, sympathetic 
S., one due to sympathy, as when pain or other 
disorder affects a part when some other part 
is the seat of the disease proper. Trendelen- 
burg's S., a waddling gait due to paralysis of the 
gluteal muscles. Weber's s. See under sign. 
Wernicke's s. See under sign. Westphal's 
S., absence of the knee-jerk in tabes dorsalis. 
Winterbottom's s., cervical polyadenitis oc- 
curring in sleeping sickness, withdrawal s's, 
abstinence symptoms. 
symptomatic (simp-to-mat'ik) [Gr. aujiurTWAiaTi- 
kos]. Pertaining to or of the nature of a symptom. 
symptomatology (simp"tom-at-ol/o-je) [Gr. abp.Tr- 
raga symptom + Xbyos treatise]. That branch of 
medicine which treats of symptoms; the systematic 
discussion of symptoms. 
symp tomato lytic (simp-to-mat-o-lit'ik) [symp- 
tom + Gr. Xvtlkos dissolving]. Causing the dis- 
appearance of symptoms. 
symptom-complex. Same as syndrome. 
symptomes complices (samp-tom' kom-ples'j. A 
group of roentgenographic symptoms character- 
istic of a certain condition. 
symptomo lytic (simp-tom-o-lit'ik). Symptomato- 
lytic. 
symptosis (simp-to'sis) [Gr. abv together + irr&ais 
fall]. The gradual wasting of the whole body or of 
any organ. 
sympus (sim'pus) [Gr. abv together + irobs foot]. 
A monster-fetus with the feet and legs fused. 
Called also sirenomelus. S. a'pus, a variety in 
which the feet are wanting. S. di'pus, a form in 
which both feet are present. S. mo'nopus, a 
form in which one foot is present. 
Syms' tractor (simz) [Parker Syms, contempo- 
rary surgeon in New York]. See tractor. 
syn- [Gr. abv with, together], A prefix signifying 
union or association. 
synadelphus (sin-ad-el'fus) [Gr. abv together 4- 
abeXipos brother]. A monster with a single body 
and eight limbs. 
synaesthesia (sin-es-the'ze-ah). See synesthesia. 
synaetion (sin-e'te-on) [Gr. abv together + alrla 
cause]. The secondary or cooperative cause of a 
disease. 
synalgia (sin-al'je-ah) [Gr. abv together + aXyos 
pain]. Pain experienced in one place, but caused by 
a lesion in another. 
synalgic (sin-al'jik). Affected with or of the nature 
of synalgia. 
synanastomosis (sin"an-as-to-mo'sis) [Gr. abv 
together + anastomosis}. The anastomosis of 
several vessels. 
synanche (sin-an'ke). Cynanche. 
synanthema (sin-an-the'mah) [Gr. abv together + 
avdeiv to bloom]. A local eruption consisting of a 
group of papules. 
synanthrose (sin-an'thros). See levulin. 
synaphymenitis (sin-af"im-en-i'tis). Same as 
conjunctivitis. SYNAPSE 
1091 
SYNDESIS 
synapse, synapsis (sin'aps, sin-ap'sis) [Gr. abv 
together + airretv to touch]. 1. The anatomic rela- 
tion of one nerve-cell to another; the contact or point 
of contact between dendrons, forming the place 
where a nervous impulse is transmitted from one 
neuron to another (Foster). Called also synaptic 
junction. 2. The joining together of chromosomes, 
synaptase (sin'ap-tas) [Gr. avvairrbs joined]. Same 
as emulsin. 
synarthrodia (sin-ar-thro'de-ah) [Gr. abv together 
+ apOpwbia joint]. An immovable joint whose 
adjacent surfaces are connected by no intervening 
tissue, and comprising synchondrosis, synostosis, 
and syndesmosis. 
synarthrodial (sin-ar-thro'de-al). Pertaining to 
synarthrodia. 
synarthrophysis (sin-ar-thro-fi'sis) [Gr. abv to- 
gether + apOpov joint + <pvacs growth]. Any 
ankylosing process; progressive ankylosis of joints. 
synarthrosis (sin-ar-thro'sis) [Gr. abv together + 
apdpuats joint]. An immovable joint with no 
intervening tissue between the bones. It includes 
the varieties known as gomphosis, schindylesis, 
and sutura. 
synathresis (sin-ath-re'sis). Synathroisis. 
synathroisis (sin-ath-roi'sis) [Gr. abv together 4- 
adpotats collection]. Local hyperemia or con- 
gestion. 
syncain (sin-ka'in). A synthetic substitute for 
cocain, resembling novocain. 
syncanthus (sin-kan'thus) [Gr. abv together + 
KavObs canthus]. Adhesion of the eyeball to the 
orbital structures. 
syncaryon (sin-kar'e-on) [Gr. abv together + 
Kapvov nucleus]. The nucleus formed by fusion 
of two pronuclei. 
syncelom (sin-se'lom) [Gr. abv together + celom]. 
The perivisceral cavities of the body considered as 
one structure, including the pleural, cardiac, and 
peritoneal cavities, and tunica vaginalis. 
syncephalus (sin-sef'al-us) [Gr. abv together + 
KetpaXrj head]. A twin fetus with fused heads. 
synchilia (sin-ki'le-ah) [Gr. abv together + yecXos 
lip]. Congenital adhesion of the lips. 
synchiria (sin-ki're-ah) [Gr. avv together + 
Xeip hand]. A condition in which a stimulus ap- 
plied to one side of the body is referred to the 
opposite side. 
synchondroseotomy (sin-kon-dro-se-ot'o-me) 
[synchondrosis + Gr. bareov bone]. An operation 
for exstrophy of the bladder done by cutting 
through the sacro-iliac ligaments and closing the 
arch of the pubes. 
synchondrosis (sin-kon-dro'sis) [Gr. abv together 
+ xo^Spos cartilage]. The union of bones by 
means of a fibrous or elastic cartilage, s. ary- 
cornicula'ta [B N A], the union of the cartilage 
of Santorini with the arytenoid, s. epiphy'seos, 
an epiphyseal line, sphenopetrous s., the fibro- 
cartilage in the sphenopetrosal fissure, sternal 
S., the cartilaginous union between the sternum 
and the manubrium. 
synchondrotomy (sin-kon-drot'o-me) [Gr. abv 
together -f- x°vbpos cartilage + repvetv to cut]. 
The division of the symphysis pubis or of any 
other synchondrosis. 
synchopexia (sin-ko-pek'se-ah). Same as tachy- 
cardia. 
synchronism (sin'kro-nizm). Occurrence at the 
same time; the quality of being synchronous. 
synchronous (sin'kro-nus) [Gr. abv together + 
Xpbvos time]. Occurring at the same time. 
synchysis (sin'kis-is) [Gr. avvyrip to pour together]. 
Derangement or confusion, s. scin'tillans, an 
abnormally soft condition of the vitreous, with the 
presence of floating particles of cholesterin. 
syncinesis (sin-sin-e'sis). Same as synkinesis. 
synciput (sin'sip-ut). Same as sinciput. 
synclinal (sin-kli'nal) [Gr. abv together + k\Ivuv 
to bend]. Bent or inclined toward each other. 
synclitic (sin-klit'ik). Pertaining to or marked by 
synclitism. 
synclitism, syncliticism (sin'klit-izm, sin-klit'is- 
izm) [Gr. avyKXlveiv to lean together]. Parallelism 
between the planes of the fetal head and those of 
the pelvis. 
synclonus (sin'klo-nus) [Gr. abv with + kXovos 
clonus], i. Muscular tremor, or the successive 
clonic contraction of various muscles together. 2. 
Any disease characterized by muscular tremors, 
s. beriber'ica, beriberi. 
syncopal (sin'ko-pal). Pertaining to or character- 
ized by syncope. 
Syncope (sin'ko-pe) [L.; Gr. avyncnrr) fainting]. A 
swoon; fainting, or a faint; a more or less sudden 
failure of the heart's action, producing pallor, 
coldness of the skin, muscular prostration, and un- 
consciousness, due to cerebral anemia. It is 
treated by lowering of the head, maintenance 
of the recumbent posture, elevation of the extrem- 
ities, and the use of diffusible stimulants, such as 
alcohol, ether, and ammonia, s. angino'sa, 
cardiac spasm caused by closure of the coronary 
arteries, cat s., ailurophobia. laryngeal s., 
laryngeal vertigo. See vertigo, local S., local 
asphyxia. See Raynaud's disease, under disease. 
syncopic (sin-kop'ik). See syncopal. 
syncyanin (sin-si'an-in). The blue pigment pro- 
duced by the Bacillus syncyanus. 
syncytial (sin-sish'al). Of, pertaining to, or pro- 
ducing, a syncytium. 
syncytiolysin (sin-sit-e-ol'is-in). A lysin destruc- 
tive to the syncytium; formed in the blood of an 
animal into which matter from the placenta of 
another animal has been injected. 
syncytioma malignum (sin-sit-e-o'mah mal-ig'- 
num). A form of tumor, epithelial in nature, 
originating at the placental site during preg- 
nancy or the puerperium. It is composed of large 
cells derived from the syncytium and smaller ones 
from the epithelium of the chorionic villi (Lang- 
hans' cells). Called also deciduoma malignum, 
sarcoma deciduocellulare, and chorio-epithelioma. 
syncytiotoxin (sin-sit-e-o-toks'in). A toxin that 
has a specific action on the placenta. 
syncytium (sin-sit'e-um) [Gr. abv together + kvtos 
cell]. 1. Tissue made up of cells which have no 
appreciable cellular boundaries. 2. A structure 
composed of epithelial cells, forming the outer- 
most fetal layer of the placenta, and lying between 
the decidua and chorionic villi, over the layer of 
Langhans. 
syncy to toxin (sin-sit-o-toks'in). A cytolytic serum 
produced by immunizing animals with placental 
cells. 
syndactyl, syndactylous (sin-dak'til, sin-dak'til- 
us) [Gr. abv with + SaxTuXos finger]. Having 
united or webbed fingers or toes. 
syndactylia, syndactylism (sin-dak-til'e-ah, sin- 
dak' til-izm) [Gr. abv together + SaxTuXos finger]. 
Coherence of the fingers and toes; webbed fingers 
or toes. 
syndactylus (sin-dak'til-us) [Gr. abv together + 
baKTvXos digit]. A fetus or person with the fingers 
or toes fused or connected. 
syndactyly (sin-dak'til-e). Syndactylia. 
syndectomy (sin-dek'to-me) [Gr. abv together T 
britv to bind + eKTopa] excision]. Excision of a 
circular strip of the conjunctiva for the cure of 
pannus. Called also circumcision of the cornea and 
peritomy. 
syndelphus (sin-del'fus) [Gr. abv together + a3eX- 
<p6s brother]. A twin monster with a single head 
and pelvis and eight limbs. 
syndesis (sin'de-sis) [Gr. abv together + beats 
binding]. 1, Artificial ankylosis; arthrodesis. 2. SYNDESMECTOPIA 
1092 
SYNDROME 
In genetics, the pairing off in the germ cell, before 
maturation, of homologous paternal and maternal 
chromosomes. 
syndesmectopia (sin"des-mek-to'pe-ah) [Gr. avv- 
beapos ligament + Zktottos out of place]. Unusual 
situation of a ligament. 
syndesmitis (sin-des-mi'tis) [Gr. trvpSeapos band + 
-iris inflammation]. 1. Inflammation of a liga- 
ment or ligaments. 2. Conjunctivitis. S. meta- 
t ar'sea, inflammation of the metatarsal liga- 
ments. 
syndesmography (sin-des-mog'ra-fe) [Gr. avvSea- 
pos band + ypatpeip to write]. A description of 
the ligaments. 
syndesmology (sin-des-mol'o-je) [Gr. awbeapos 
ligament + Xbyos discourse]. That branch of 
anatomy which treats of the ligaments. 
syndesmoma (sin-des-mo'mah) [Gr. crop together 
+ beapbs band + -copa tumor]. A neoplasm or 
tumor composed of connective tissue. 
syndesmo-odontoid (sin-des"mo-o-don'toid). The 
posterior of the two atlo-axoid articulations formed 
between the anterior surface of the transverse liga- 
ment and the back of the odontoid process. 
syndesmoplasty (sin-des'mo-plas-te) [Gr. avpoea- 
pos band + ir\a<Taeip to form]. Plastic operation 
on a ligament. 
syndesmorrhaphy (sin-des-mor'af-e) [Gr. 
avp&wpos band + pa<pi] suture]. Suture or repair 
of ligaments. 
syndesmosis (sin-des-mo'sis) [Gr. avpbeapos band]. 
The union of bones by a ligament or by a mem- 
brane. tibiofibular S., the inferior tibiofibular 
articulation, tympanostapedial s., the con- 
nection of the base of the stapes with the oval 
window. 
syndesmotomy (sin-des-mot'o-me) [Gr. awbeapos 
ligament + reppeip to cut]. The dissection or 
cutting of a ligament. 
syndeticon (sin-det'ik-on). A proprietary varnish 
of fish-glue (100 parts), glacial acetic acid (125 
parts), gelatin (20 parts), and water (125 parts). 
syndrome (sin'drom) [Gr. avpbpopr) concurrence]. 
A complex of symptoms; a set of symptoms which 
occur together; the sum of signs of any morbid 
state. Adams-Stoke s' s., bradycardia and 
transient vertigo as signs of fatty or fibrous myo- 
carditis. adiposogenital s. See Frohlich's s. 
anterior cornual s., muscular atrophy due to 
lesions of the anterior cornua of the spinal column, 
anterolateral S., a parietospasmodic condition 
characterized by contractures and tremors derived 
from lesions of the anterolateral portions of the 
spinal cord. Apert's s. See acrocephalosyn- 
dactylia. apical S., a syndrome evincing lesions 
of the upper extremity of the spinal cord. Avel- 
lis' s., recurrent paralysis of one side, accom- 
panied by a paralysis of the same side, of the soft 
palate and larynx. Babinski ' s S., the association 
of cardiac and arterial disorders with chronic syph- 
ilitic meningitis, tabes dorsalis, general paralysis, 
and other late syphilitic manifestations. S. of 
Babinski-Nageotte, contralateral hemiplegia; 
contralateral hemianesthesia of discriminative sen- 
sibility of arm, leg, trunk, neck, and scalp; ipsilat- 
eral lateropulsion, hemiasynergia, and hemiataxia; 
myosis, enophthalmus, and ptosis; due to multiple 
lesions affecting the pyramid and fillet, the cere- 
bellar peduncle, and the reticular formation. 
Beau's s., asystolia, s. of Benedikt, paralysis 
of the parts supplied by the oculomotor nerve of one 
side, with paresis and tremor of the upper ex- 
tremity on the other. Bernard's s. Same as 
Horner's s. Bernard-Sergent s., diarrhea, 
vomiting, and collapse characteristic of Addison's 
disease. Bernhardt-Roth's s., numbness 
and paresthesia, with pain on movement in 
that part of the thigh supplied by the external 
cutaneous nerve. Bertolotti's s., sacralization 
of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Bianchi's s., a 
sensory aphasic syndrome. Blatin's S., hydatid 
thrill. See under thrill. Bonnier's s., a series of 
symptoms due to lesion of Deiters' nucleus or 
of the vestibular tracts related thereto: it con- 
sists of vertigo, pallor, and various aural and 
ocular disturbances. Bouillaud's S., the coin- 
cidence of pericarditis and endocarditis is the rule 
in acute articular rheumatism, and their non- 
coincidence is the rule in chronic articular rheuma- 
tism. Briquet's s., shortness of breath and 
aphonia dependent on hysteric paralysis of the di- 
aphragm. Brissaud-Marie's s., hysteric glosso- 
labial hemispasm. Bristowe's s., a series of 
symptoms characteristic of tumor of the corpus cal- 
losum: (i) an ingravescent character; (2) gradual 
onset of hemiplegia; (3) association of hemiplegia 
on one side, vague hemiplegic symptoms on the 
other; (4) stupidity and drowsiness, difficulty of 
swallowing, and speechlessness; (5) absence of di- 
rect implication of the cranial nerves; (6) death 
from coma. Brown-Sequard's s., hemipara- 
plegic s., crossed hemiparaplegia, evincing a le- 
sion of one-half of the spinal cord. Bruns' S., 
association of vertigo with sudden movements of 
the head, assumed to be characteristic of cysti- 
cercous infection of the fourth ventricle, cap- 
sulothalamic s., a syndrome of lesions of the 
thalamus and internal capsule consisting of eleva- 
tion of the affective tone and instability of the emo- 
tions, hemianesthesia, and hemiplegia of the af- 
fected side, centroposterior s., syringomyelic 
dissociation of sensibility and vasomotor disor- 
ders, due to lesions of the centroposterior por- 
tion of the gray matter of the spinal cord, cere- 
bellar s. See Nonne's s. s. of Cestan- 
Chenais, contralateral hemiplegia; contralateral 
hemianesthesia of leg, trunk, arm, neck, and scalp; 
ipsilateral lateropulsion and hemiasynergia; mi- 
osis, enophthalmos, and ptosis; ipsilateral pala- 
toggia and laryngoplegia: due to scattered lesions 
of the pyramid, fillet, inferior cerebellar peduncle, 
nucleus ambiguus, and oculopupillary center. 
Charcot's S., intermittent claudication. 
Chauffard's S., polyarthritis with fever and en- 
largement of the spleen and lymph-nodes in per- 
sons infected with non-human tuberculosis, 
chiasmatic s. Same as Frohlich's s. Chorea 
s. See Hunt's striatal s's., 2d def. Claude - 
Bernard-Horner s. Same as Horner's s. s. 
of corpus striatum. See Bogt's s. Cotard's 
S., paranoia with delusions of negation, a suicidal 
tendency, and sensory disturbances. Cour- 
voisier-Terrier s., dilatation of the gall-blad- 
der, retention jaundice, and discoloration of the 
feces, indicating obstruction due to a tumor of 
the ampulla of Vater. Cushing's s., dystrophia 
adiposogenitalis. Dejerine's s., a syndrome re- 
sembling tabes dorsalis, with deep sensibility de- 
pressed, but tactile sense normal. It is due to 
lesion of the long root fibers of the posterior column, 
s. of Dejerine-Roussy. See thalamic s. Du- 
breuil-Chambardel s., caries of the upper 
incisor teeth in persons between the ages of four- 
teen and seventeen, followed after an interval by 
caries in the other teeth. Duchenne's s., the 
collective signs of labioglossopharyngeal paralysis. 
Duprfi's s., meningism. dysglandular s., the 
series of symptoms caused by an abnormality of the 
internal secretions, efforts. See neurocirculatory 
asthenia, under asthenia. Eisenlohr's S., weak- 
ness and numbness of the extremities, dysarthria 
and paralysis of the lips, tongue, and palate, 
epiphyseal s., precocious development of exter- 
nal genitalia and sexual function, precocious abnor- 
mal growth of long bones, appearance of signs of in- 
ternal hydrocephalus, absence of all other motor 
and sensory symptoms, indicating lesion of the 
pineal body. Called also Pellezzi's s. and s. of mac- 
rogenitosomia prcecox. Erb's S., the totality of 
signs of asthenic bulbar paralysis. Fitz's S., a 
series of symptoms indicative of acute pancreatitis, 
consisting of epigastric pain, vomiting, collapse, 
followed within twenty-four hours by a circum- SYNDROME 
1093 
SYNDROME 
scribed swelling in the epigastrium or by tym- 
panites. Foville's s., crossed paralysis of the 
limbs on one side of the body and of the face on 
the opposite side, together with loss of power to 
rotate the eyes to that side. Friedmann's 
vasomotor s., a train or cycle of symptoms due 
to a progressive subacute encephalitis of traumatic 
origin. Frohlich's S., adiposity, genital atro- 
phies, changes in the secondary sexual characters, 
and development of the feminine type: a syndrome 
seen in lesions of the pituitary body. Called also 
adiposogenital s., hypophyseal s., and dystrophia 
adiposogenitalis. Froin's S., a combination 
of conditions of the spinal fluid consisting of a 
transparent clear yellow color, the presence of 
large amounts of globulin, rapid coagulation, and 
the presence of an increased number of lympho- 
cytes. It is seen in certain organic nervous dis- 
eases in which the lumbar fluid is cut off from 
communication with the fluid in the ventricles. 
Called loculation s. Galliard's s., dextrocardia 
from retraction of lungs and pleura to the right 
(1908-1909). Ganser's s., amnesia, disturbance 
of consciousness, hallucinations, generally of hys- 
teric origin. Called also acute hallucinatory mania. 
s. of globus pallidus. See paralysis agitans, 
juvenile. Gradenigo's s., acute otitis media, fol- 
lowed after a period of from ten to fifty days by 
violent temporoparietal pain and abductor paral- 
ysis. gray spinal s., muscular atrophy, syringo- 
myelic disturbances of sensation, and vasomotor 
troubles, due to lesions of the gray matter of the 
spinal cord. Gunn's s., association of movements 
of the upper eyelid with those of the jaw. Hanot's 
s., Hanot's disease. See under disease. Hau- 
dek's s., spots seen in the radiograph of the 
stomach filled with bismuth, due to the filling with 
bismuth of the ulceration cavities of gastric ulcer, 
hemopleuropneumonic s., dyspnea, hemop- 
tysis, tachycardia and fever, with dulness at the 
base of the chest and tubular respiration over the 
middle zone of the chest: indicative of pneumonia 
and hydrothorax in punctured wounds of the chest. 
Hoffmann-Werdnig s., precocious hereditary 
spinal muscular atrophy, marked by hypotonia, 
paralysis, contracture, and atrophy. Homen's 
S., giddiness, a drunken gait, indistinct speech, im- 
pairment of memory, and gradually increasing de- 
mentia, with rigidity of the body, especially the 
legs: due to lesion of the lenticular nucleus. 
Horner's s., mitosis, ptosis, exophthalmos, and 
anhidrosis caused by paralysis of the cervical 
sympathetic. Hunt's s. 1. Herpetic inflamma- 
tion of the geniculate ganglion, marked by herpes 
zoster of the auricular region, with or without facial 
palsy. 2. See paralysis agitans, juvenile. Hunt's 
striatal s ' s. 1. Paleostriatal or pallidal syndrome 
characterized by paralysis of automatic associated 
movements, muscular rigidity, and rhythmic tremor 
of the paralysis agitans type, produced by atrophy 
or degeneration of the pallidal system of the corpus 
striatum. Called also paralysis agitans syndrome. 
2. Neostriatal syndrome characterized by spon- 
taneous choreiform movements of automatic asso- 
ciated type, produced by atrophy or degeneration 
of the neostriatal or striopallidal system of the cor- 
pus striatum. Called also chorea syndrome. 3. 
Mixed striatal syndromes from involvement of both 
systems; characterized by symptoms of chorea and 
paralysis agitans in various combinations. Athe- 
tosis, dystonia musculorum, and progressive len- 
ticular degeneration. Hutchinson's s., ad- 
renal sarcoma of infants with metastases to the 
orbit, hypophyseal s., hypophysis s. Same 
as Frohlich's s. Jackson's s., paralysis of the 
soft palate, larynx, and one-half of the tongue, 
joined to that of the sternomastoid and trapezius 
muscles. Jacquet's s. See Jacquet's disease, 
under disease. Klipple-Feil s., shortness of the 
neck, limitation of head movements, and growth 
of hair low down on the neck, seen in cases of sub- 
occipital Pott's disease. Konig's s., con- 
stipation alternating with diarrhea and attended 
with abdominal pain, meteorism, and gurgling 
sounds in the right iliac fossa; indicative of tu- 
berculosis of the cecum. Korsakoff's s. Same 
as Korsakoffs psychosis. See under psychosis. 
Lasegue's s., the patient moves normally 
when his eyes are open, but cannot move his 
anesthetic arm when his eyes are shut, lateral 
cord and associated anterior cornual s., 
spastic muscular atrophy due to lesion of the 
lateral elements of the spinal cord and of its 
anterior cornua. Launois' s., gigantism due 
to excessive pituitary secretion. Leredde's s., 
severe dyspnea on exertion dating from early life, 
combined with advanced emphysema, recurrent at- 
tacks of acute febrile bronchitis; a remote sequel 
of syphilis, usually. congenital, loculation s. 
SeeF rain's s. Marie's s., acromegaly caused by 
disorder of the pituitary secretion. Marie- 
Robinson's S., melancholia, insomnia, and im- 
potence in a form of levulosuria. Meniere's s., 
Meniere's disease. See disease, metameric s. 
Same as segmentary s. Millard-Gubler's s., 
hemiplegia alterans. Mobius' s., akinesia algera. 
Nonne's s., a syndrome consisting of the various 
disturbances of synergic motor control, asynergia, 
dysmetria, speech disturbances, incoordination, 
etc., pointing to disease of the cerebellum. Called 
also cerebellar s. and s. of cerebellar agenesis. 
Nothnagel's s., unilateral oculomotor paralysis 
combined with cerebellar ataxia, in lesions of the 
cerebral peduncles. paleostriatal s. See 
Hunt's striatal s. pallidal s. See Hunt's stri- 
atal s. (ist def.), paralysis agitans s. See 
Hunt's striatal s. Pellezzi's s., epiphyseal syn- 
drome. Picchini's S., inflammation of the three 
serous membranes connected with the diaphragm, 
sometimes involving the meninges, synovial sheaths, 
and tunica vaginalis of the testicle; caused by a 
trypanosome. Pick's S. i. Enlargement of the 
liver with obstinately recurring ascites, but without 
jaundice and without signs of cardiac abnormality 
in a patient with a previous history of pericarditis; 
pericarditic pseudocirrhosis of the liver. 2. 
Palpitation of the heart: a feeling of oppression 
on the chest, dyspnea, cyanosis, and dropsical 
phenomena: seen in certain heart diseases. Pins' 
s. See Pins' sign, under sign, plurigland- 
ular s., polyglandular syndrome, polyglandu- 
lar s., a series of symptoms believed to be due 
to pathologic action of several ductless glands, 
posterior cord S., sensory and ataxic phenomena 
derived from a lesion of the posterior columns, as in 
locomotor ataxia, posterolateral s., an ataxic 
and spasmodic condition due to lesion of the pos- 
terolateral elements of the spinal cord. Potain's 
S., dyspepsia with dilatation of the right ventricle 
and increase of the pulmonary sound: observed in 
gastrectasis. Pozzi's s., leukorrhea and back- 
ache without enlargement of the uterus: character- 
istic of endometritis. Profichet's s., a gradual 
growth of calcareous nodules in the subcutaneous 
tissues (skin-stones), especially about the larger 
joints, with a tendency to ulceration or cicatrization, 
and attended by atrophic and nervous symptoms. 
Putnam-Dana's s., a sclerosis of the lateral and 
dorsal columns of the spinal cord, radicular s., 
a syndrome evincing lesion of the roots of the 
spinal nerves. Ridley's s., tachycardia associated 
with troubles resembling asthma. Roger's s., a 
continuous excessive secretion of saliva as the re- 
sult of cancer in the esophagus, or other esophageal 
irritation. Romberg-Paessler s., low blood- 
pressure, rapid heart action, tympanites, and shock: 
symptoms caused by dilatation of the blood-vessels 
in the splanchnic area. Rosenbach's s., parox- 
ysmal tachycardia with gastric and respiratory 
complications. Roth's s., neuralgia paresthet- 
ica; painful paresthesia of that part of the thigh 
supplied by the external cutaneous nerve. 
Rust's S., stiff neck, stiff carriage of the head, 
with the necessity of grasping the head with both 
hands in lying down or rising up from a horizontal 
posture, occurring in phthisis, cancer, fracture of SYNDROMIC 
1094 
SYNOPHRYS 
the spine, rheumatic or arthritic processes, or 
syphilitic periostitis. Schauz's s., a series of 
symptoms indicating spinal weakness, consist- 
ing of a sense of fatigue, pain on pressure over 
the spinous processes, pain on lying prone, and 
indications of spinal curvature. Schmidt's 
S., paralysis on one side, affecting the vocal 
cord, the velum palati, the trapezius muscle, 
and the sternocleidomastoid muscle, segmen- 
tary s., a syndrome evincing lesion of the gray 
matter of the spinal cord. Called also meta- 
meric s. Simon's s., primary cancer of the fe- 
male breast with metastasis to the hypophysis and 
consequent polyuria. Spens'S. Same as Stokes' 
s. Still-Chauflard s., Chauffard's syndrome. 
Stokes' s., bradycardia with epileptoid or 
syncopal attacks, mainly dependent on scle- 
rosis of the basilar and vertebral arteries. Called 
also Adams-Stokes' s. Tapia's s., unilateral 
paralysis of the tongue and larynx, the velum 
palati being unaffected, tegmental s., hemi- 
plegia alternating with disordered eye move- 
ments, indicative of lesions of the tegmentum, 
thalamic S., a combination of the following 
symptoms: (1) Superficial persistent hemianesthe- 
sia; (2) mild hemiplegia; (3) mild hemiataxia and 
more or less complete astereognosis; (4) severe 
and persistent pains in the hemiplegic side; (5) 
choreo-athetoid movements in the members of the 
paralyzed side. Called also 5. of Dejerine-Roussy. 
Vogt's S., athetosis, rhythmic oscillation of the 
limbs, spasmodic outbursts of laughing and cry- 
ing, absence of paralysis, no disturbance of sensa- 
tion, no mental disturbance; a syndrome due to 
lesion of the corpus striatum. Called also syndrome 
of double athetosis and syndrome of corpus striatum. 
s. of Weber, paralysis of the limbs and of the hy- 
poglossal nerve on one side, and of the oculomotor 
nerves on the other; caused by an injury or disease 
of the lower and inner part of a cerebral peduncle. 
Weber-Gubler s., complete hemiplegia on the 
side opposite the lesion with oculomotor paralysis 
on the side of the lesion in disease of the cerebral 
peduncles. Weil's S., various derangements of 
antral and peripheral sensibility seen in tuber- 
culosis. Wernicke's s. See presbyophrenia. 
Widal s. See ictero-anemia. 
Syndromic (sin-dro'mik). Occurring as a syn- 
drome. 
synechia (sin-e'ke-ah) [Gr. avvex^a- continuity]. 
Adhesion of the parts; especially, adhesion of the 
iris to the cornea or to the lens, annular s., 
circular s., adhesion of the whole rim of the iris 
to the lens, anterior s., adhesion of the iris to 
the cornea, posterior s., adhesion of the iris to 
the capsule of the lens, total s., adhesion of the 
whole surface of the iris to the lens. 
synechotome (sin-ek'o-tbm) [Gr. awexu-o. synechia 
+ Tepvecv to cut]. A cutting instrument for use in 
synechotomy. 
synechotomy (sin-ek-ot'o-me) [Gr. avvexeia syn- 
echia + repveiv to cut]. The operation of cut- 
ting a synechia. 
synechtenterotomy (sin"ek-ten-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
avvexecv to hold together + evrepov bowel + ropi) 
cut]. The division of an intestinal adhesion. 
synecology (sin-e-kol'o-je) [Gr. abv together + 
ecology]. The study of the environment of organ- 
isms in the mass, as distinguished from auto-ecology. 
synencephalia (sin"en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. abv to- 
gether + eyiceipaXos brain]. A state in which there 
are two bodies and one head. 
synencephalocele (sin-en-sef'al-o-sel) [Gr. abv to- 
gether + eyKe<pa\os brain + KrjSr) tumor], En- 
cephalocele with adhesions to the adjoining parts. 
synencephalus (sin-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. abv together 
+ £yKe<paXos brain]. A monster affected with syn- 
encephalia. 
syneresis (sin-er'es-is). The contraction of a gel 
with the separation of some of its liquid, which 
liquid is a saturated solution of one of the materials 
of one of the phases (usually the solid phase) of the 
gel. This process is observed in the clotting of 
blood. 
synergetic (sin-er-jet'ik). Working together: said 
of muscles which cooperate in performing an action. 
synergia (sin-e/je-ah). i. See synergy. 2. A propri- 
etary preparation of digestive ferments. 
synergic (sin-er'jik). Acting together or in har- 
mony. See synergy. 
synergist (sin'er-jist). 1. A medicine which aids or 
cooperates with another; an adjuvant. 2. An or- 
gan which acts in concert with another. 
synergistic (sin-er-jist'ik). Acting with another 
medicine or agent. 
synergy (sin'er-je) (L. syneRgia; Gr. abv together 
+ ipyov work]. Correlated action or cooperation 
on the part of two or more structures or drugs. 
synesthesia (sin-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. abv together 
+ ataD^acs sensation]. The experience of a sen- 
sation in one place, due to stimulation applied to 
another place, s. al'gica, a painful synesthesia. 
synesthesialgia (sin"es-the-ze-al'je-ah). A pain- 
ful synesthesia. 
synezesis (sin-ez-e'sis) [Gr. avvi^ais], Contrac- 
tion of the pupil of the eye. 
syngamous (sin'gam-us) [Gr. aw with + yapos 
marriage]. Having the sex of the individual de- 
termined at the time when the ovum is fertilized. 
Syngamus trachea'lis (sin-gam'us). The branch- 
worm, gape-worm, or red-worm which causes the 
gapes of chickens. 
syngamy (sin'gam-e) [Gr. abv together + yapos 
marriage]. Sexual reproduction. 
syngenesioplastic (sin-jen-e"se-o-plas'tik) [Gr. 
abv together + y eveals origin + irXaaaeiv to form]. 
A term applied to transplantation of tissue from 
one individual to another related individual of the 
same species, as from a mother into her child, or 
from a brother into a sister. 
syngenesis (sin-jen'es-is) [Gr. abv together + yev- 
eais origin]. The hypothetic principle that each 
germ contains in itself the germs of every genera- 
tion that may be derived from it. 
syngenetic (sin-jen-et'ik). Pertaining to syngenesis, 
syngenic (sin-jen'ik) [Gr. abv together + yevvdv to 
produce]. Same as congenital. 
syngignoscism (sin-jig'no-sizm) [Gr. abv together 
+ ytyvwaKtiv to know]. Hypnotism or hypnotic 
influence. 
synizesis (sin-iz-e'sis) [Gr. abv together + l^ecv to 
sit]. Closure, s. pupil'lae, closure of the pupils. 
synkaryon (sin-kar'e-on) [Gr. abv together + Kapvov 
nucleus]. The nucleus produced by the fusion of 
two pronuclei; the fertilization nucleus. 
synkinesis (sin-kin-e'sis) [Gr. abv with + Klvrjais 
movement]. An unintentional movement accom- 
panying a volitional movement; any involuntary 
■ or reflex movement in a paralyzed part, excited by 
a corresponding movement in a non-paralyzed part. 
synkinetic (sin-kin-et'ik). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of synkinesis. 
synneurosis (sin-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. abv with + vebpov 
nerve]. The union of bodies in a ligament. 
synocha, synochus (sin'o-kah, sin'o-kus) [L.; Gr. 
abvoxos]. A continued fever. 
synochal (sin'o-kal). Of or pertaining to synocha. 
synococcus (si-no-kok'us) [Gr. abv with + coccus]. 
A coccus said to occur along with the gonococcus in 
gonorrhea. 
synol (si'nol). A proprietary liquid antiseptic soap, 
synonym (sin'o-nim) [Gr. abv with + ovopa name], 
A word which has the same, or nearly the same, 
meaning as another word. 
synophrys (sin-of'ris) [Gr. abv together + b^pvs 
eyebrow]. The condition in which the eyebrows 
grow together. synophthalmia (sin-of-thal'me-ah). Same as 
cyclopia. 
synophthalmus (sin-of-thal'mus) [Gr. abv together 
+ o^aXjuos eye]. Same as cyclops. 
synopsy (sin'op-se) [Gr. abv together + opts vision]. 
The abnormal suggestion of types of the human 
face or figure by the various numerals. 
synorchidism (sin-or'kid-izm). Synorchism. 
synorchism (sin'or-kizm) [Gr. abv together 4- opx^s 
testicle]. Union or fusion of the testes. 
synoscheos (sin-os'ke-os) [Gr. abv together 4- 
oax^ov scrotum]. Adhesion between the penis 
and scrotum. 
synosteology (sin"os-te-ol'o-je) [Gr. abv together 
+ oareov bone + X6yos treatise]. The sum of 
knowledge regarding the joints and articulations. 
synosteosis, synostosis (sin"os-te-o'sis, sin-os- 
to'sis) [Gr. abv together + oareov bone]. The 
union of adjacent bones by means of osseous matter, 
such as ossification of their connecting cartilage 
(in such cases it is a normal condition and a form of 
synarthrodia); also of osseous union of bones that 
are normally separate, tribasilar s., fusion in 
infancy of the three bones at the base of the skull, 
producing idiocy. 
synosteotomy (sin"os-te-ot'o-me) [Gr. abv together 
+ oareov bone + ropr) cut]. The dissection of the 
joints. 
synostotic (sin-os-tot'ik). Pertaining to or marked 
by synostosis. 
synotia (sin-o'she-ah) [Gr. abv together 4- ovs ear]. 
Teratic fusion of the ears. 
synotus (sin-o'tus) [Gr. abv together 4- ovs ear], 
A monster-fetus with fused ears. 
synovectomy (sin-o-vek'to-me) [synovia 4- Gr. 
exropr) excision]. Excision of a synovial mem- 
brane. 
synovia (sin-o've-ah) [L.; Gr. abv with 4- Q6v 
egg]. The viscid fluid of a joint cavity, containing 
synovia, or mucin, and a small proportion of min- 
eral salts. It is a transparent, alkaline secretion 
resembling the white of an egg, and is contained 
in a joint cavity, bursa, or tendon-sheath. 
synovial (sin-o've-al) [L. synovia'lis]. Of, or per- 
taining to, or secreting, synovia. 
synovin (sin'o-vin). The mucin found in synovia, 
synoviparous (sin-o-vip'ar-us) [synovia 4- L. 
par'ere to produce]. Producing synovia. 
synovitis (sin-o-vi'tis). Inflammation of a synovial 
membrane. It is usually painful, particularly on 
motion, and is characterized by a fluctuating 
swelling, due to effusion within a synovial sac. 
It may be caused by septic poisoning, an exan- 
thematous disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, rheu- 
matism, or other causes. It is treated by rest and 
counterirritation, and sometimes by drainage or 
aspiration, bursal S., bursitis, dendritic S., 
that in which villous growths are developed within 
the sac. purulent s., that in which there is an 
effusion of pus in a synovial sac. simple s, that 
in which the effusion is clear or but slightly turbid. 
Synovitis is further qualified as dry, fibrinous, fun- 
gous, gonorrheal, hyperplastic, lipomatous, metritic, 
puerperal, rheumatic, scarlatinal, serous, syphilitic, 
tendinous, tuberculous, urethral, etc. vibration 
s., synovitis produced by the passage of a missile 
through the tissues near a joint, but without act- 
ually wounding the joint. 
syntaxis (sin-taks'is). Same as articulation. 
syntenosis (sin-ten-o'sis) [Gr. abv together 4- revuv 
tendon]. A hinge-joint surrounded by tendons. 
synteresis (sin-ter-e'sis) [Gr. abv together 4- r^pelv 
to watch over]. Preventive treatment; prophylaxis. 
syntexis (sin-teks'is) [Gr.]. Wasting or emaciation, 
synthermal (sin-ther'mal) [Gr. abv together 4- 
Oeppiq heat]. Having the same temperature. 
synthescope (sin'thes-kop) [Gr. abvOrjais placing 
together 4- aKoireiv to view]. An instrument for 
SYNOPHTHALMIA 
1095 
observing the visible effect of placing two liquids 
in contact. 
synthesis (sin'thes-is) [Gr. abv together 4- ndevai 
to put], i. The artificial building up of a chemic 
compound by the union of its elements. 2. The 
process of bringing back into consciousness activ- 
ities or experiences that have become split off or 
disassociated. Cf. dissociation (3), and subcon- 
scious. s. of continuity, union of the lips of 
a wound or the ends of a fractured bone. 
synthetic (sin-thet'ik) [L. synthet'icus; Gr. avv- 
OeriKos]. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or pro- 
duced by, synthesis; artificial. 
synthetisxn (sin'thet-izm) [Gr. abvOeros put to- 
gether], The complete treatment of a fracture. 
synthol (sin'thol). A synthetic preparation pro- 
posed as a substitute for absolute alcohol. 
syntonin (sin'to-nin). An acid metaprotein which 
precipitates from a digestion mixture at or near 
the neutral point. 
syn toxoid (sin-toks'oid). Any toxoid having ex- 
actly the same affinity for an antitoxin as that 
possessed by the associated toxin. See toxoid. 
syntripsis (sin-trip'sis) [Gr. abv together 4- rpi^etv 
to rub]. The comminution or crushing of a 
bone; comminuted fracture. 
syntrophus (sin'tro-fus) [Gr. abvrpotpos congenital]. 
Any congenital or inherited disease. 
syntropic (sin-trop'ik) [Gr. abv together + rpeireiv 
to turn]. 1. Turning or pointing in the same direc- 
tion, as the ribs or the vertebral spines 2. Per- 
taining to syntropy. 
syntropy (sin'tro-pe) [Gr. abv together + rpoiros 
a turning]. The correlation of several factors, a.s 
the relation of certain physical characteristics dr 
diseases to the development or incidence of other 
diseases. 
synulosis (sin-u-lo'sis) [Gr. abv together -f- obXr) 
scar]. Cicatrization. 
synulotic (sin-u-lot'ik) [Gr. abv with + obXr) scar]. 
1. Favoring cicatrization. 2. An agent that 
favors cicatrization. 
Syphacia (si-fa'se-ah). A genus of pinworms, 
species of which have been found in children in the 
Philippine Islands. 
syphilelcosis (sif"el-el-ko'sis) [syphilis + Gr. 
e\Kos ulcer]. Syphilitic ulceration. 
syphilelcus (sif-el-el'kus) [syphilis 4- Gr. eX/cos 
ulcer], A syphilitic ulcer. 
syphilid, syphilide (sif'il-id, -id) [Fr.]. Any skin 
affection of syphilitic origin, accuminate 
papular s., follicular syphilid, acneiform 
s., pustular syphilid, annular s., a syphilitic 
eruption in ring-shaped patches, bullous s., 
a syphilitic eruption in the form of enlarged pus- 
tules. corymbose s., a form of syphilid consist- 
ing of large papules, each surrounded by a circle 
of small papules, ecthymatous s., pustular syph- 
ilid. erythematous s., syphilitic roseola; an 
eruption of reddish macules in the secondary stage. 
Called also macular s. flat papular s., lenticu- 
lar syphilid. follicular s., a papular syphilid 
of the hair-follicles. Called also miliary syphilid 
and syphilitic lichen. frambesioid s., vege- 
tating syphilid. gummatous s., a gumma, 
herpetiform s., vesicular syphilid in which the 
lesions are massed in irregular serpiginous forms, 
impetiginous s., a syphilid consisting of small 
pustules covered by yellowish or brownish crusts 
on the scalp. Called also syphilitic impetigo, len- 
ticular s., a secondary eruption with condy- 
lomata, or moist, flat papules, miliary s., fol- 
licular syphilid, nodular s., tuberculous syphilo- 
derm. nummular s. See papulosquamous s. 
palmar s., a syphilid on the hands, papular 
s., lichen syphiliticus, papulosquamous s., 
a cutaneous manifestation of tertiary syphilis 
consisting of scaly papules, pemphigoid s., 
syphilitic pemphigus, pigmentary s., syphilitic 
SYPHILID leukoderma, plantar s., a syphilid on the soles 
of the feet, pustular s., an ulcerating syphilid, 
usually resulting in a pigmented scar or depression, 
rupial s., syphilitic rupia. secondary s., 
any syphilid peculiar to the secondary stage of 
syphilis, serpiginous s., a syphilid which 
spreads on one side while healing on the other, 
tertiary s., a syphilid occurring in the tertiary 
stage of syphilis, tubercular s., tuberculous 
syphiloderm. varicelliform s., a variety of 
vesicular syphilid in which the vesicles are situated 
on a raised surface, of a dull-red color, contain a 
cloudy fluid, and dry into thick, greenish crusts, 
varioliform s., pustular syphilid, vegetating 
s., a syphilid in the form of warty growths, ves- 
icular S., a cutaneous manifestation of second- 
ary syphilid consisting of vesicles. 
syphilidography (sif"il-id-og'raf-e). Same as 
syphilography. 
syphilidologist (sif-il-id-ol'o-jist). Syphilologist, 
syphilimetry (sif-il-im'et-re) [syphilis + Gr. 
perpetv to measure]. 1. The measurement of the 
intensity of the syphilitic infection at a given 
time. 2. See Vernes' test, under tests. 
syphilin (sif'il-in). 1. The contagious principle of 
syphilis. 2. Same as syphiline. 
syphiline (sif'il-in). A concentrated glycerinated 
extract of the liver of a syphilitic fetus, used in 
testing for syphilis. 
syphilinum (sif-il-i'num). A homeopathic prepa- 
ration of the virus of syphilis. 
syphilionthus (sif"il-e-on'thus) [syphilis + Gr. 
lovOos eruption]. Any copper-colored scaly 
syphilid. 
syphiliphobia (sif"il-if-o'be-ah). Same as syph- 
ilo phobia. 
syphilis (sif'il-is). [Syphilus, the name of a shep- 
herd infected with the disease in the poem of 
Fracatorius (1530), in which the term first appears. 
According to some the word is derived from abv 
together + <pi\eiv to love]. A contagious venereal 
disease leading to many structural and cutaneous 
lesions, due to a microorganism, the Spirocha'la 
pal'lida or Trepone'ma pal'lidum. It is generally 
propagated by direct venereal contact or by in- 
heritance. Its primary local seat is a hard or true 
chancre, whence it extends by means of the lym- 
phatics to the skin, mucosa, and to nearly all the tis- 
sues of the body, even to the bones and periosteum, 
congenital s., hereditary s., syphilis existing 
at birth, whether derived from the male reproduc- 
tive element or due to infection from the mother. It 
is characterized by coryza, cutaneous eruptions, 
wasting of the tissues, parenchymatous keratitis, 
malformed teeth, and craniotabes. constitu- 
tional s., syphilis after it has ceased to be a mere 
local manifestation, and has more or less com- 
pletely affected the whole organism, s. d'em- 
blee (daw-bla'), syphilis which develops without 
the formation of an initial sore, equine s., 
a venereal disease of horses much resembling 
syphilis, s. heredita'ria tarda, syphilis 
believed to be hereditary, but not manifesting itself 
until some years after birth, s. innocen'tum, 
S. inson'tium, syphilis not acquired by coitus. 
S. oeconom'ica, syphilis acquired from some 
article of household use. primary s., syphilis 
in its first stage; the primary lesion (chancre) usu- 
ally appears between ten and forty days after 
infection, and is painless; the nearby lymph- 
glands become hard and swollen, are painless, do 
not ulcerate, and slowly return to their normal con- 
dition. quaternary s., parasyphilis. second- 
ary S., syphilis in the second of its three stages: 
it begins after six weeks and usually within three 
months. It is attended with fever, copper-hued 
and multiform skin eruptions, with no itch- 
ing, iritis, alopecia, mucous patches, and severe 
pains in the head, joints, and periosteum, ter- 
tiary S., the stage characterized by a set of 
peculiar skin affections, including rupia, gumma, 
SYPHILIDOGRAPHY 
1096 
syphilitic pemphigus, and ecthyma. The mucosa 
is often deeply ulcerated. There is often a pro- 
found cachexia, with anemia, etc. Bone lesions 
are often present, and the internal viscera may be- 
come extensively diseased. Syphilis is principally 
treated by mercurials, hot baths, inunctions of 
mercury, and iodoform fumigations, etc. The 
iodids are serviceable chiefly in the tertiary stage. 
Sarsaparilla, stillingia, and other vegetable remedies 
are useful adjuvants. Iron and cod-liver oil are 
often valuable in cachectic conditions. 
syphilitic (sif-il-it'ik) [L. syphilid'cus]. Affected 
with, caused by, or pertaining to, syphilis. 
syphilization (sif"il-iz-a'shun). Inoculation with 
syphilis; attempted immunization against syph- 
ilis by implanting the disease in a mild form: it 
has also been tried as a cure for the disease. 
syphiloderm (sif'il-o-derm) [syphilis + Gr. Sepjua 
skin]. Any syphilitic affection of the skin. Same 
as syphilid. 
syphiloderma (sif-il-o-der'mah). Syphiloderm. 
syphilodermatous (sif"il-o-der-mat'us). Of or 
relating to a syphilid. 
syphilodol (sif'il-o-dol). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of silver, arsenic, and antimony, for the treat- 
ment of syphilis and other protozoal diseases. 
syphilogenesis, syphilogeny (sif"il-o-jen'es-is, 
sif-il-oj'en-e) [syphilis + genesis]. The develop- 
ment of syphilis. 
syphilographer (sif-il-og'ra-fer). One who writes, 
or has written, upon the subject of syphilis. 
syphilography (sif-il-og'ra-fe) [syphilis + Gr. 
ypatpem to write], i. A treatise upon or descrip- 
tion of syphilis. 2. The bibliography of syphilis. 
syphiloid (sif'il-oid). 1. Resembling syphilis. 2. 
Any disease resembling syphilis occurring as an 
epidemic at various times in certain countries. 
syphilologist (sif-il-ol'o-jist). An expert in the 
theory or treatment of syphilis. 
syphilology (sif-il-ol'o-je) [syphilis -f- Gr. \byos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
syphilis. 
syphiloma (sif-il-o'mah), pl. syphilo'mata. A 
tumor of syphilitic origin; a gumma. 
syphilomania (sif"il-o-ma'ne-ah) [syphilis + 
Gr. pavia. madness]. Same as syphilophobia. 
syphilopathy (sif-il-op'ath-e) [syphilis + Gr. nabos 
disease]. Any syphilitic manifestation. 
syphilophobia (sif"il-o-fo'be-ah) [syphilis + Gr. 
<po^os fear]. Morbid fear of syphilis, or the un- 
warranted belief of a patient that he is suffering 
from syphilis. 
syphilophobic (sif"il-o-fo'bik). Affected with 
syphilophobia. 
syphilophyma (sif"il-o-fi'mah) [syphilis + Gr. 
<pvpa growth]. Any syphilitic growth or excres- 
cence. 
syphilopsychosis (sif"il-o-si-ko'sis). Any syphi- 
litic mental disease. 
syphilosis (sif-il-o'sis). Generalized syphilitic dis- 
ease. 
syphilotropic (sif"il-o-trop'ik) [syphilis + Gr. 
rpoTvij a turning]. Specially vulnerable to syphilis. 
syphilous (sif'il-us). Syphilitic. 
syphionthus (sif-e-on'thus). Same as syphilionthus. 
syphita (sif'it-ah). Same as somnambulism. 
syphitoxin (sif-it-oks'in) [syphilis + toxin]. An 
antisyphilitic serum. 
Syr. An abbreviation for syrupus. 
syrgol (sir'gol). A brownish-black substance con- 
taining 20 per cent, silver in the form of a colloidal 
oxid; for local use in gonorrhea. 
Syriac ulcer (sir'e-ak). Diphtheria. 
syrigmophonia (sir-ig-mo-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. avpiypbs 
whistle + <pwvi) voice]. A high, whistling sound 
of the voice. 
SYRIGMOPHONIA SYRIGMUS 
1097 
syringomyelitis (sir-in"go-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. avpty^ 
tube 4- /xueXos marrow + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the spinal cord, with the formation 
of cavities in its substance. 
syringomyelocele (sir-in"go-mi'el-o-sel) [Gr. avp- 
iy£ tube fl- pveXos marrow fl- grfXr) tumor], Spina 
bifida in which the cavity of the protruding sac 
is connected with the central canal of the spinal 
cord. 
syringomyelus (sir-in"go-mi'el-us) [Gr. avpty^ 
tube + pveXos marrow]. Dilatation of the central 
canal of the spinal cord, the gray matter being 
converted into connective tissue. 
syringotome (sir-in'go-tom) [Gr. avpcy^ tube 4- 
Tbpveiv to cut]. A knife for cutting a fistula. 
syringotomy (sir-in-got'o-me) [Gr. avpiy£ tube + 
Tepvw to cut]. The operation of incising a fistula, 
particularly an anal fistula. 
syrinx (sir'inks) [Gr. abpcy^ a pipe], i. A tube or 
pipe; also a fistula. 2. That one of the two larynges 
of birds in which the voice is produced. 
syrup (sir'up) [L. syru'pus, siru'pus; Arabic shardb]. 
A concentrated aqueous solution of sugar, often 
medicated. The official syrups are described 
under the drug with which they are medicated, as 
rhubarb, squill, etc. brown s. (L. s. commu'nis, 
s. fus'cus), molasses or treacle, croup S., com- 
pound syrup of squill, s. of Dover's powder, 
syrup of ipecac and opium. Easton's S., syrup 
of phosphate of iron, quinin, and strychnin, 
hive s., compound syrup of squills. Jackson's 
pectoral s. See pectoral s. pectoral s., 
syrup of acacia flavored with sassafras and contain- 
ing A gr. of morphin sulphate in every dram. 
Simple S., white S. (L. syru'pus or s. sim'plex], 
a solution of white sucrose (cane- or beet-sugar) in 
water. 
syrupy (sir'u-pe). Resembling syrup; having the 
consistency of syrup. 
syssarcosic, syssarcotic (sis-sar-ko'sik, sis-sar- 
kot'ik). Pertaining to or of the nature of a sys- 
sarcosis. 
syssarcosis (sis-sar-ko'sis) [Gr. abv together + 
aapKwais fleshy growth]. The union or connec- 
tion of bones by means of muscle. An example 
is the connection between the hyoid bone and the 
lower jaw, the scapula, and the breast-bone. 
syssomus (sis-so'mus) [Gr. abv with 4- a IP pa body]. 
A twin monster with two heads and with the 
bodies united. 
systaltic (sis-tal'tik) [Gr. avaraXriKos drawing 
together]. Alternately contracting and expanding. 
systatic (sis-tat'ik). Affecting several of the sensory 
faculties at the same time; also a disease so acting. 
system (sis'tem) [L. syste'ma; Gr. abar^pa]. 1. 
The whole bodily organism. 2., A set or series 
of parts or organs which unite in a common func- 
tion. 3. A school or method of practice, as the 
Brunonian, Galenic, Eclectic, or Paracelsian sys- 
tem. absorbent s., the lymphatic system, ac- 
cessory portal s. of Sappey, a set of small 
compensatory blood-vessels which are formed 
around the liver and gall-bladder in cases of cir- 
rhosis. action S., the definite series of charac- 
teristic movements which an organism makes in 
response to external stimulation, adipose s. 
the adipose or fatty tissues of the body, ali- 
mentary S., the alimentary tract, together 
with the organs concerned in the digestion and ab- 
sorption of food, as the salivary gland, liver, lac- 
teals, etc. antagonistic S. See under auto- 
nomic nervous s. association s., the set 
of tracts of fibers in the brain by means of which 
perceptions are associated and thought rendered 
possible, autonomic nervous s. (Langley), 
that portion of the nervous system which is inde- 
pendent of the cerebrospinal or central nervous- 
system in that its nerve-fibers do not proceed 
directly from the nerve center to the organ con- 
trolled, but pass as neurons from the gray sub- 
SYSTEM 
syrigmus (sir-ig'mus) [Gr. avpiypbs]. A ringing 
in the ears. 
syringadenoma (sir-ing"ad-en-o'mah) [Gr. avpiy^ 
pipe + adenoma], Adenoma of the ducts of the 
sweat-glands. 
syringadenous (si-ring-ad'en-us) [Gr. avpi.y£ tube 
4- abf/v gland]. Pertaining to the sweat-glands. 
syringe (sir'inj) [L. syrinx; Gr. abpcy^]. An in- 
strument for injecting liquids into any vessel or 
cavity. Anel's S., a delicate syringe for the 
treatment of the lacrimal passages, chip-s., a 
small, fine-nozled syringe for blowing away the 
cuttings while excavating a tooth cavity. David- 
son's S., one which is operated by the alternate 
compression and expansion of a soft bulb of india- 
rubber. dental s., a small syringe with a curved 
point for use in dental work, fountain-s., an 
apparatus which injects a liquid by the action of 
gravity, hypodermic s., one by means of which 
liquids are injected through a hollow needle into 
the subcutaneous tissues. Luer's s., a glass 
syringe for intravenous and hypodermic use. 
Pravaz's s., a hypodermic needle fitted to a long, 
slender cannula and trocar. probe-S., a syringe 
whose point may be used also as a probe: used 
mostly in treating the lacrimal passages, pyor- 
rhea S., a syringe having a fine nozzle for reaching 
pyorrhea pockets, tooth S., a dental syringe. 
syringin (sir-in'jin). A white, crystalline glucosid, 
C17H24O9, soluble in hot water and in hot alcohol, 
from the bark of lilac, Syrin'ga vulga'ris. It is 
used as an antiperiodic in malaria. 
syringitis (sir-in-ji'tis) [Gr. avpiy^ tube 4- -itis in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the eustachian tube. 
syringobulbia (si-rin-go-bul'be-ah) [Gr. avpcyZ 
tube -f- ^oX^6s bulb]. The presence of cavities 
in the medulla oblongata. 
syringocele, syringocoele (sir-in'go-sel, sir"in-go- 
se'le) [Gr. avpiy% tube 4- koiXlo. hollow]. The 
central canal of the myelon, or spinal cord. 
syringocystadenoma (sir-in" go-sis"tad-en-o'- 
mah) [Gr. avpiy^ tube 4- cystadenoma]. Adenoma 
of the sweat-glands; a skin disease marked by an 
eruption of small, hard papules. 
syringocystoma (si-rin"go-sis-to'mah) [Gr. avpiy% 
pipe + Kharis cyst + -opa tumor], A cystic tumor 
of the sweat-glands. 
syringo-encephalia (si-ring"o-en-sef-a'le-ah) [Gr. 
avpty^ tube + eyxe^aXos brain]. The formation 
of abnormal cavities in the brain substance. 
syringo-encephalomyelia (si-ring"o-en-sef"al-o- 
mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. avpey^ tube + eyneipaXos brain 
4- pbeXos marrow]. The existence of cavities in 
the substance of the brain and spinal cord. 
syringoid (sir-ing'oid) [L. syringoi'des, from Gr. 
avpLy^ pipe + ethos form]. Resembling a pipe or 
tube; fistulous. 
syringoma (sir-ing-o'mah). Adenoma of the sweat- 
glands. 
syringomeningocele (sir-in"go-men-in'go-sel) 
[Gr. avpiy% pipe + pf/vcy^ membrane + ktjXt) 
tumor]. A meningocele resembling a syringo- 
myelocele. 
syringomyelia (sir-in"go-mi-e'le-ah) [Gr. avpiy^ 
tube 4- pveXos marrow]. The existence of abnor- 
mal cavities filled with liquid in the substance of 
the spinal cord. These cavities are surrounded 
by an abnormal tissue resembling that which is 
found normally surrounding the central canal. 
The disease is due to hemorrhage and consequent 
softening and necrosis, and is believed to be de- 
pendent on some defect of development. It occurs 
in adults between the ages of twenty and thirty 
years, and is marked by muscular atrophy, loss 
of the sense of temperature and pressure, and by 
various vasomotor and trophic disturbances. The 
hydromyelia of children is a similar condition. 
Syringomyelia is sometimes associated with true 
leprosy. S. atroph'ica, cavitary myelitis. 1098 
stance to a ganglion in which they encounter a 
break or "synapse," on the other side of which a 
postganglionic neuron proceeds to the organ con- 
trolled. The autonomic fibers regulate the action 
of the ductless glands, the viscera, blood-vessels, 
and all organs containing involuntary muscle. 
The autonomic System includes all of the sym- 
pathetic nervous system (called sympathetic auto- 
nomic) and fibers of the vagus nerve (called vagal 
autonomic). The action of the vagal autonomic 
is the opposite of that of the sympathetic, and the 
vagal autonomic is, therefore, known as the antago- 
nistic system. Bertillon s., a system of identifica- 
tion based on various measurements of the body, 
color of the eyes, etc. blood-vascular s., the 
blood-vessels collectively. Borstal s.,a system 
of treating criminals, especially juvenile ones, by 
removing them from evil environment and placing 
them under wholesome influences, case S., a 
system of teaching based on the logical analysis 
of and deductions formed from, reported cases, 
central nervous s., the brain and spinal cord, 
cerebellorubral s., a system of motor-fibers 
joining the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum with 
the red nucleus of the opposite side, cerebello- 
rubrospinal s., the cerebellorubral and rubro- 
spinal systems considered together, cerebro- 
spinal S., the brain, spinal cord, and their 
branches, chromaffin s. See chromaffin, cir- 
culatory S., the blood- and lymph-vessels 
and organs together; the vascular system, den- 
tinal S., all the tubules radiating from a single 
pulp-cavity, dermal s., dermoid s., the skin 
and its appendages, including both the hair and the 
nails, digestive s., the entire gastro-intestinal 
tract with its associated organs and glands, 
disperse s., dispersion s., a colloid solution, 
dosimetric s., a regular and determinate sys- 
tem of dosage, endocrine s., the system of 
glands which elaborate internal secretions, includ- 
ing the thymus, thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, tes- 
ticles, ovaries, etc. endothelial s., the mesen- 
chymal tissues involved in the formation and 
destruction of blood and bile-pigments. These 
(issues include Kupffer's cells in the fiver, the 
spleen, . hemolymph nodes and bone-marrow. 
Called also reticulo-endothelial s. esthesiodic 
S., the sensory apparatus of the spinal cord, 
glandular s., the glandular structures of the 
body considered together, haversian s., a set 
of canaliculi connected with each haversian canal; 
also the canaliculi of a bone collectively considered, 
hematopoietic s., the blood-making system, 
the spleen, and bone-marrow, heterogeneous 
S., any system or structure made up of mechan- 
ically separable parts, as an emulsion, homog- 
eneous S., a system or structure the parts of which 
cannot be mechanically separate, as a solution, 
hormonopoietic s., the endocrine organs linked 
together in a' reciprocally dependent system, 
intermediary s., the bony tissue in the spaces 
between the haversian system, interrena,! s., 
the cortex of the suprarenal gland, kinesodic s., 
the motor elements of the spinal cord, kinetic s. 
i. Crile's term for the system of organs through 
■which latent energy is converted into heat and mo- 
tion: these organs are the brain, thyroid, liver, 
adrenals, pancreas, and the muscles. 2. Hunt's 
term for the motion systems of the efferent nervous 
mechanism, which subserve the various reflex, auto- 
matic-associated, and isolated synergetic types of 
movement. Cf. static s. lymphatic s., a collec- 
tive name for the lymphatic glands, vessels, 
sinuses, and spaces, the lacteals, and the serous 
membranes, muscular S., all the muscles of the 
body considered together, neokinetic s. See 
■neokinetic. nervous s., all the nerves and nerve- 
centers, nervous tissues, and ganglia considered 
together, paleokinetic s. See paleokinetic. 
palladal s., an efferent motor system of the 
corpus striatum, originating in the globus pallidus 
cells of the caudate and lenticular nuclei, the 
axones of which traverse the ansa lenticularis to 
SYSTEM 
the hypothalamic region, parasympathetic 
s., the autonomic nervous system, pedal s., the 
pyramidal tract, or caudate nucleus, and the 
anterior and posterior caudate fibers. Pinel's S., 
management of the insane without the use of for- 
cible restraint, plenum s., a system of ventila- 
tion based on the mechanical propulsion of air into 
the room, portal s., the capillaries of the 
liver which convey venous blood from the portal 
vein into the hepatic vein, posture s. See static 
s. projection s., the system of tracts of nerve- 
fibers in the brain by means of which external 
objects are brought into consciousness, reticulo- 
endothelial s. See endothelial s. rubrospinal 
S., the red nucleus, together with Monakow's 
bundle, by which the former is connected with the 
opposite side of the spinal cord, static s., Hunt's 
term for the various posture systems of motility 
which subserve the static or postural functions of 
the efferent nervous system, viz., tonus, posture, 
attitude, and equilibrium: distinguished from 
kinetic s. Called also, posture s. sympathetic 
nervous s., the chain of nerve ganglia extending 
on each side of the spinal column, connected with 
each other and connected also with the spinal 
nerves. The sympathetic system supplies the in- 
voluntary muscles and has an intimate rela- 
tion with vasomotion, secretion, and various tro- 
phic processes. The sympathetic system is 
also known as the visceral or vegetative nervous 
system because the organs controlled by it func- 
tionate unconsciously. The sympathetic sys- 
tem shows an independence of action of the central 
nervous system and forms one of the autonomic 
systems, and is thus spoken of as the sympathetic 
autonomic system as contrasted with the vagal auto- 
nomic system. Cf. autonomic nervous system. 
transition s., a solution intermediate in char- 
acter between a dispersoid and an emulsoid. uro- 
genital S., the organs of generation together with 
the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, uropoietic 
S., the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, 
vascular s., the system of vessels of the body, es- 
pecially the blood-vessels of the body, vegeta- 
tive S., the sympathetic nervous system. 
systema (sis-te'mah) [L.]. System. 
systematic (sis-tem-at'ik) [Gr. avaTr})iaT<.Kos\. Per- 
taining or according to a system. 
systematization (sis-tem-at-iz-a'shun). Arrange- 
ment according to a system. The term is used in 
psychiatry to indicate the arrangement of ideas 
into a logical sequence. 
systematized (sis'tem-at-izd). Made systematic 
or according to a system. 
systematology (sis"tem-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. avarttna 
system + X6yos discourse]. The doctrine or 
bibliography of systematic arrangements. 
systemic (sis-tem'ik). 1. Pertaining to or affecting 
the body as a whole. 2. Same as systematic. 
systemoid (sis'tem-oid) [Gr. avarrt/aa system + 
eidos form], 1. Resembling a system. 2. Noting 
tumors made up of various kinds of tissue. 
systogene (sis'to-jen). Paraoxyphenylethylamin, 
OH.C6H4(CH2)2NH2.HC1, the aporrhegma, ty- 
ramin, derived from tyrosin by the loss of CO2. 
The hydrochlorid of which is used like ergot and 
adrenalin. Dose, 0.25-1 c.c. of a 2 per cent, solu- 
tion subcutaneously. 
systole (sis'to-le) [Gr. avaroXi] contraction]. The 
period of the heart's contraction; also the con- 
traction itself (cf. diastole). The term systole 
especially designates the contraction of the ven- 
tricles as distinguished from that of the auricles. 
It occurs synchronously with the first heart- 
sound, and by it the blood is driven into the aorta 
and pulmonary artery, aborted s., a systole 
not appreciable through the pulse on account of 
mitral regurgitation, s. alter 'ans, hemisystole, 
anticipated s., a ventricular systole which 
occurs before the ventricle is filled, arterial 
SYSTOLE SYSTOLIC 
1099 
TABLET 
s., the rhythmic contraction of an artery, auric- 
ular s., the contraction of the auricles by which 
the blood is forced from them into the ventricles: 
it precedes the true or ventricular systole, cata- 
lectic s., an aborted or imperfect systole, ex- 
tra-s., a premature contraction of an auricle or 
ventricle, or of both, while the fundamental 
rhythm is maintained at the sinus, ventricular 
S., the contraction of the ventricles of the heart by 
which the blood is forced into the aorta and pul- 
monary artery. 
systolic (sis-tol'ik). Pertaining to or produced by 
the systole; also occurring along with the ven- 
tricular systole. 
systolometer (sis-to-lom'et-er) [Gr. avaToXi} systole 
+ perpov measure]. An instrument for deter- 
mining the quality of the heart-sounds. 
systremma (sis-trem'ah) [Gr. abarpeppa twist, 
ball], A cramp in the muscles of the calf of the leg. 
Syzygial (siz-ij'e-al). Pertaining to syzygy. 
syzygiology (siz-ij-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. av^vyebs bound 
together]. The study of the relationship of parts 
and functions as contrasted to that of isolated 
parts and functions. 
Syzygium (siz-ij'e-um) [Gr. av^vyia yoke]. A 
genus of tropical myrtaceous trees. S. jambola'- 
num, the jambul-tree of India, is astringent. 
The seeds, which afford the glucosid antimellin, 
are used in diabetes. Se&jambul. 
syzygy (siz'ij-e) [Gr. av^vyia conjunction]. 1. The 
conjunction and fusion of organs without loss of 
identity. 2. An animal microorganism supposed 
to be formed by the fusion of several larval parasites. 
Szabo's test (sah'boz). See under tests. 
T. An abbreviation for temperature and intra- 
ocular tension. Normal intra-ocular tension is 
indicated by the symbol Tn, while T + 1, T + 2, 
etc., indicate stages of increased tension, and T - 1, 
T - 2, etc., stages of decreased tension. T- 
bandage. See bandage. T-bar, an orthodontic 
bar, shaped like the letter T, the leg being pushed 
interproximally to the teeth and the cross-piece 
resting on the surface of two adjoining teeth. 
T-fiber, a fiber that grows at right angles from 
the axis-cylinder process of a nerve-cell. 
t. Abbreviation for temporal. 
TA. Abbreviation for alkaline tuberculin. 
Ta. The chemical symbol of tantalum. 
T. A. B. Abbreviation for a vaccine which pro- 
tects against typhoid, paratyphoid A, and para- 
typhoid B. 
tabacism (tab'as-izm). Tabacosis. 
tabacosis (tab-ak-o'sis). Poisoning by tobacco, 
and chiefly by the inhalation of tobacco-dust- 
tabacum (tab'ak-um). Latin for tobacco. 
tabagism (tab'aj-izm). The condition produced by 
excessive use of tobacco; nicotinism. 
tabanid (tab'an-id). Any gadfly of the family 
Taban'idce, of which the genus Taba'nus is the 
type. Many of the species inflict painful bites 
upon men and animals. 
Tabanus (tab-a'nus) [L. "gadfly"]. A genus of 
biting flies of the order Diptera. They transmit 
trypanosomes to the lower animals and may 
transmit Filaria loa to man. T. atra'tus is the 
common black "horse fly" of North America. 
T. bovi'nus is the "gadfly" of cattle in Asia, 
Africa, and South America. T. ditaenia'tus, 
T. fascia'tus, and T. gra'tus are the "serut 
flies" of the Sudan. 
tabardillo (tab-ar-del'yo) [Sp.]. A form of typhus 
fever occurring in certain sections of Mexico. 
tabasheer (tab-ash-er'). An abnormal substance 
obtained from the points of certain kinds of bamboo. 
It is used as a tonic, astringent, pectoral, etc. 
tabatiere anatomique (tah-bah-te-ar' ah-nah-to- 
meek') [Fr.]. The hollow on the back of the 
hand and at the base of the thumb, between the 
tendons of the extensor secundi and extensor 
primi intemodii pollicis. Called also anatomic 
snuff-box. 
tabaxir (tab'aks-er). Tabasheer. 
tabby-cat striation (tab'e). See striation. 
tabefaction (tab-e-fak'shun) [L. tabefac'tio]. The 
wasting of the body; tabes. 
tabella (tab-el'ah), pl. tabel'lce [L.]. A medicated 
tablet or troche. 
tabes (ta'bez) [L.]. i. Any wasting of the body; 
progressive atrophy of the body or a part of it. 
2. Locomotor ataxia, cerebral t. See general 
paresis, under paresis, cervical t., tabes dor- 
salis in which the upper extremities are first 
affected, diabetic t., a peripheral neuritis 
occurring in diabetic patients with symptoms 
of locomotor ataxia, t. dorsa'lis, locomotor 
ataxia. See ataxia, t. ergot'ica, a condition 
resembling tabes dorsalis, due to ergotism, he- 
reditary t., hereditary ataxia. See ataxia. 
t. infe'rior, tabes dorsalis affecting the lower 
extremities, interstitial t., tabes marked by a 
primary proliferation of the neuroglia, due to 
chronic thickening of the blood-vessels of the poste- 
rior columns, marantic t., tabes dorsalis 
marked by extreme emaciation, t. mesenter'- 
ica, t. mesara'ica, tuberculosis of the mesen- 
teric glands in children, resulting in digestive 
derangement and wasting of the body, nerve- 
t., tabes resulting from parenchymatous de- 
generation of the posterior columns of the spinal 
cord, peripheral t. See pseudotabes. spas- 
modic t., Little's disease; lateral sclerosis of the 
spinal cord. See sclerosis, t. spina lis, loco- 
motor ataxia, t. supe'rior, cervical tabes, ves- 
sel-t., tabes due to an obliterative endarteritis 
within a principal vessel supplying the posterior 
column. 
tabescent (tab-es'ent) [L. tabes'cere to waste]. 
Wasting away; shriveling. 
tabetic (tab-et'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
tabes, t. foot, a foot that is distorted by tabes 
dorsalis. 
tabetiform (tab-et'if-orm). Resembling tabes, 
tabic (tab'ik). Same as tabetic. 
tabid (tab'id) [L. tab'idus]. Tabetic; wasting 
away. 
tab ideation (tab-if-ik-a'shun). Emaciation. 
tablature (tab'lat-ur). The separation of the 
chief cranial bones into inner and outer tables, 
which are separated by a diploe. 
table (ta'bl) [L. tab'ula]. A flat, bony plate or 
lamina; especially one of the lamellae of the cranial 
bones, inner t., vitreous t., the inner layer 
of compact bony tissue of the principal bones of the 
skull, divided by the diploe from the outer table, 
or superficial layer, operating-t., a piece of 
furniture upon which a patient is laid during an 
operation. 
tablespoon (ta'bl-spoon). A large-sized spoon, 
containing about 4 fluidrams, or 15 cubic centi- 
meters. 
tablet (tab'let). A medicated troche or disk, 
poison t's, tablets stamped with the word poison TABLIER 
1100 
tachyphagia (tak-e-fa'je-ah) [Gr. raxvs swift + 
•payeiv to eat]. Rapid eating. 
tachyphasia (tak-e-fa'ze-ah) [Gr. raxbs swift + 
<paats speech]. Tachyphrasia. 
tachyphemia (tak-e-fe'me-ah) [Gr. raxvs swift + 
wpij speech], Tachyphrasia. 
tachyphrasia (tak-if-ra'ze-ah) [Gr. raxvs swift + 
ippdacs speech]. Extreme volubility of speech: 
sometimes a sign of mental disorder. 
tachyphrenia (tak-if-re'ne-ah) [Gr. raxes swift + 
ipp-qv mind]. Morbid mental activity. 
tachyphylaxis (tak"e-fi-lak'sis) [Gr. raxvs swift + 
phylaxis]. Rapid immunization from the effect of 
toxic doses of an extract by previous injection of 
small doses of the same (Gley, ign). 
tachypnea, tachypnoea (tak-ip-ne'ah) [Gr. raxes 
swift + irvoia breath]. Excessive rapidity of 
respiration; a respiratory neurosis marked by 
quick, shallow breathing. 
tachyrhythmia (tak-e-rith'me-ah) [Gr. raxes swift 
+ pvOpbs rhythm]. Tachycardia. 
tachysystole (tak-e-sis'to-le) [Gr. raxes swift + 
systole], Abnormally rapid systole; extrasystole, 
auricular t., auricular flutter. See under flutter. 
tacosis (ta-ko'sis). See takosis. 
tactile (tak'til) [L. tac'tilis], Pertaining to the 
touch, t. cells, t. corpuscles. See corpuscle. 
t. irritability, a condition of cells that repels 
foreign matters; negative chemotaxis. 
tactilogical (tak-til-oj'ik-al). Pertaining to touch; 
tactual. 
taction (tak'shun) [L. lac'tio], 1. A touch; an 
act of touching. 2. The sense of touch; perception 
by the touch. 
tactometer (tak-tom'et-er) [L. tac'tus touch 4- 
me'trum measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the acuteness of the sense of touch; an esthesiom- 
eter. 
tactor (tak'tor). A tactile end-organ. 
tactual (takt'u-al) [L. tac'tus touch]. Pertaining 
to or accomplished by the touch. 
tactus eruditus (tak'tus er-u-di'tus) [L. " skilled 
touch "]. Delicacy of touch acquired by practice. 
Called also tactus expertus. 
tsedium vitae (te'de-um vi'tae) [L. " weariness of 
life "]. Morbid disgust with life, leading to a 
suicidal tendency. 
Taenia, taenia(te'ne-ah),pl.tan'ice [L. "aflat band," 
"bandage," "tape"]. 1. A flat strip, especially 
of nerve-substance. 2. A genus of tapeworms. 
See tapeworm, t. acus'ticae, a number of 
white lines running across the auditory eminence 
of the fourth ventricle of the brain. Known also 
as stria medullares. T. africa'na, a tapeworm 
resembling T. sagina'ta, found twice in negroes of 
German East Africa. T. bru'nerri, a species 
found in Algeria, t. choroi'dea [B N A], the 
line of attachment of the lateral choroid plexus to 
the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere, t. 
cine'rea [L. "little gray ribbon"]. A band of gray 
matter on the floor of the fourth ventricle outside 
the striae medullares. t. co'li [B N A], any of the 
three bands formed by the longitudinal muscular 
fibers of the large intestine: these are the t. meso- 
col'ica, corresponding to the insertion of the mesen- 
tery; the t. lib'era, opposite to the previous one; and 
the t. omenta'lis, corresponding to the place of ad- 
hesion of the omentum to the transverse colon. T. 
confu'sa, a species found in Lincoln, Nebraska. 
T. cucur'bitum. Same as T. saginata. T. 
demararien'sis, a South American tapeworm, 
rarely observed in man. T. echinococ'cus, the 
dog tapeworm; a species about 4 or 5 mm. long, 
found in the adult form in the intestine of dogs, 
and in the larval form (echinococcus') in the tissues 
of man and certain animals. It is the cause of 
the echinococcus cyst, which is the structure in 
which the larval form is embedded. See echino- 
coccus. T. ellip'tica, a species measuring 
TZENIA 
and a skull and cross-bones, t. saturates, 
tablets made of sugar of milk, acacia, and alcohol, 
which can be medicated by dropping upon them 
a definite quantity of liquid medicine, t. tritu- 
rates, tablets containing a triturated medicine. 
tablier (tab'le-er). Hottentot apron. See under 
apron. 
tablogestin (tab-lo-jes'tin). A solid form of cholo- 
gestin put up in tablets. 
tabloid (tab'loid). A form of medicinal tablet or 
lozenge. A proprietary word. 
taboparalysis, taboparesis (tab-o-par-al'is-is, 
ta-bo-par-es'is). General paresis with tabetic 
symptoms. 
tabophobia (ta-bo-fo'be-ah) [L. tabes + Gr. <po^os 
fear]. A mcrbid fear of tabes. 
tabular (tab'u-lar) [L. tab'ula a board or table]. 
Resembling or shaped like a table. 
tabule (tab'ul). A form of medicated tablet. 
tacahout (tak-ah-hoot') [Arabic]. A kind of gall 
from tamarisk trees: a source of gallic acid. 
tacamahac (tak'ah-ma-hak). A resin from various 
species of caulophyllum, Bursera, Idea, Fragara, 
and Populus. 
tache (tahsh). French for spot. t. blanche 
(blawsh) [Fr. " white spot "], a white spot on 
the liver in certain infectious diseases, t. bleu- 
atre (bleu-ahtr') [Fr. " bluish spot "], a kind 
of bluish spot on the skin: said to occur in certain 
cases of typhoid fever; they are sometimes caused 
by lice. t. cerebrate (sa-r-brahl') [Fr. "cerebral 
spot"], the meningeal streak; a congested 
streak produced by drawing the nail across the 
skin: a concomitant of various nervous or cerebral 
diseases. Called also t. meningeale. t. laiteuses. 
1. Small spots, of a milky appearance, seen in the 
omentum of a newborn rabbit, made up of groups 
of vasoformative cells. 2. Lymphangeal nodules, 
t. meningeale. See t. cerebrate, t. motrice 
(mot-res') [Fr. " motor spot "], a kind of motor 
nerve-ending in which the nerve-fibril passes to a 
muscle-cell, where it ends in a slight enlargement, 
t. spinale (spe-hahl') [Fr. " spinal spot "], a 
bulla resembling a burn, and due to spinal-cord 
disease. 
tacheometer (tak-e-om'et-er). Tachometer. 
tachetic (tak-et'ik). Marked by spots or blotches, 
tachiol (tak'e-ol). Silver fluorid, AgF, a salt that 
has been highly recommended as an antiseptic. 
tachistoscope (tak-is'to-skop) [Gr. raxvs swift + 
aKOTtelv to view], A kind of stereoscope in which 
vision is interrupted by a movable diaphragm. 
tachogram (tak'o-gram) [Gr. raxos speed + 
ypappa mark]. A graphic record of the move- 
ment and velocity of the blood-current. 
tachography (tak-og'raf-e) [Gr raxos speed + 
ypaipetv to write]. The recording of the speed of 
the blood-current. 
tachometer (tak-om'et-er) [Gr. raxos speed + 
perpov measure]. Same as hemotachometer. 
tachycardia (tak-ik-ar'de-ah) [Gr. raxvs swift + 
KapSta heart]. Excessive rapidity in the action 
of the heart. The term is usually applied to a 
pulse-rate above 130 per minute, auricular t., 
auricular flutter. See under flutter, essential 
t., that which is paroxysmal and is due to a cardiac 
neurosis, paroxysmal t., a condition marked 
by attacks of excessively rapid heart action which 
come on abruptly and terminate just as abruptly, 
reflex t., rapid action of the heart caused by dis- 
turbances somewhere else than in the circulatory 
apparatus, t. strumo'sa exophthal'mica, ex- 
ophthalmic goiter. 
tachycardiac (tak-ik-ar'de-ak). Pertaining to or 
affected with tachycardia. 
tachymeter (tak-im'et-er) [Gr. raxvs swift + 
perpov measure]. Any instrument for measuring 
rapidity of motion of any body. TENIACIDE 
1101 
TALIPES 
from 6 to 12 inches, occurring in the intestines of 
dogs and cats. T. fenestra'ta, a tapeworm the 
segments of which have burst and have discharged 
their eggs, leaving a ring of tissue only. t. 
fim briae [B N A], the edge of the fimbria hippo- 
campi after the choroid plexus is removed, t. 
for'nicis [B N A], the line of attachment of the 
lateral choroid plexus to the fimbria of the fornix. 
T. fus'ca, a tapeworm of which the segments 
are more or less fused or consolidated, t. hippo- 
cam'pi [B N A], the corpus fimbriatum. T. 
horn inis, a tapeworm found once in Aschabad in 
a girl. t. lib'era [B N A]. See under t. coli. T. 
madagascarien'sis, a tapeworm discovered in 
Madagascar. T. mediocanella'ta. See T. 
saginata. t. mesocol'ica. See under t. coli. P. 
na'na. Same asHymenolepis nana. t. omenta'- 
lis [B N A]. See under t. coli. T. philippi'na, 
a species found in the Philippines. T. pisifor'- 
mis, a tapeworm of dogs, reported to have been 
found in man. t. pon'tis, a bundle of fibers ex- 
tending from the furrow between the superior and 
middle peduncles of the cerebellum, outward and 
downward in front of the pons, on the surface of the 
crusta, into the sulcus pedunculi medialis. t. 
pylo'ri, any of the bands composed of muscle 
tissue extending longitudinally on the pylorus. T. 
sagina'ta, the common tapeworm of man, a 
species from 12 to 25 feet long, found in the adult 
form in the human intestine, and in the larval 
state {Cysticercus bovis) in the muscles and other 
organs of the ox. It is known as the beef-tapeworm 
and fat-tapeworm, and is also called T. mediocanel- 
lata. t. semicircula'ris. See stria termina'lis. 
T. so lium, the pork-tapeworm, or armed tape- 
worm, a species 3 to 6 feet long, found in the in- 
testine of man, and in the larval state in the muscles 
of the hog. Its head is armed with a double 
row of booklets. It gains access to the human 
intestine through the eating inadequately cooked 
or measly pork. It is rare in America, but common 
in certain parts of Europe. Called also T. cellulo'sa. 
T. taeniaformis, a tapeworm of cats, which 
may possibly be present in man. t. tec'tae, 
bundles of fibers passing over the upper surface of 
the corpus callosum, under cover of the gyrus 
fomicatus, and running backward over the sple- 
nium to the isthmus of the gyrus fomicatus and 
uncinate convolution. Called also strice tectce t. 
termina'lis, a muscular band forming part of the 
musculature of the auricle of the heart, t. thal'- 
ami [B N A], the line of attachment of the tela 
choroidea of the third ventricle to the dorsal 
margin of the thalamus, t. tu'bse, the thickened 
band of the peritoneum along the upper border of 
the oviduct, t. ventric'uli quar'ti [B N A], a 
line marking the junction of the epithelial part of 
the roof with the nerve substance in the fourth 
ventricle, t. ventric'uli ter'tii, stria medul- 
laris. t. viola'cea, a bluish stripe running 
longitudinally in the floor of the fourth ventricle 
on either side. 
tseniacide, tseniafuge. See teniacide, teniafuge. 
taeniasis (te-ni'as-is). See teniasis. 
taeniola (te-ni'o-lah). A slender band-like struc- 
ture. 
T. A. F. Abbreviation for German Tuberculin 
Albumose Frei, or albumose-free tuberculin. 
tag, diagnosis. A tag attached to the dead and 
wounded after an engagement, identifying them 
and»the nature of their injuries. 
tagatose (tag'at-6s). A ketohexose, CH2OH- 
(CHOH)3.CO.CH2OH, isomeric with levulose. 
Tagetes (taj-e'tez) [L.]. A genus of composite- 
flowered plants. T. erec'ta, African marigold, 
and T. pat'ula, French marigold, have the prop- 
erties of calendula. 
tagliacotian (tah"le-ak-o'she-an). Named in honor 
of Gasparo Tagliacozzi, professor in Bologna, 1546- 
1599. t. operation. See under rhinoplasty. 
tagma (tag'mah), pl. tag'mata [Gr. ray pa. a thing 
arranged]. An aggregate of molecules; the ultim- 
ate molecular mass of protoplasm. 
tagulawaya (tag"oo-lah-wa'yah). A yellowish 
oil prepared by boiling the bark of Parame'ria 
vulnera'ria in cocoanut oil; a vulnerary for external 
use. 
tahaga (tah-hah'gah). A disease of camels caused 
by Trypanosoma soudanense. 
tail (tai) [L. cau'da]. A cauda, or slender appen- 
dage. See cauda. t.-fold, a fold in the early 
embryo ensheathing the hind-gut. t.-gut, a 
prolongation of the archenteron into the tail of 
the early embryo, t. of an incision, the begin- 
ning and end of a surgical incision which does not 
go through the whole skin. t. of a muscle, the 
tapering, attached end of a muscle, t. of the 
pancreas, the splenic end of the pancreas. 
tailors' spasm (ta'lerz). See spasm. 
Tait's knot, law, operation (tats) [Lawson Tait, 
English surgeon, 1845-1899]. See knot, law, and 
operation. 
taka-diastase (tah-kah-di'as-tas) [Jokichi Taka- 
mine, Japanese chemist in New York, 1859-1922] A 
diastatic ferment formed by the action of the spores 
of the fungus Aspergil'lus ory'zce on the bran of 
wheat. It is a yellowish powder, used as a diges- 
tant, especially in cases dependent upon gastric 
hyperacidity or deficiency of saliva. Dose, J-5 
gr. (0.03-0.333 gm.). 
taka-koji (tah-kah-ko'je). A diastatic substance 
used in the preparation of taka-diastase. It is 
developed in cultures of taka-moashi. 
taka-moashi (tah"kah-mo-ah'she). A Japanese 
rice fungus, Aspergil'lus ory'za: used in the prepara- 
tion of diastase as a digestant. 
takosis (ta-ko'sis) [Gr. rfiKetv to cause wasting], 
A contagious disease of goats caused by the Mi- 
crococcus capri'nus. 
Tai. Abbreviation for L. tai'is, such a one. 
talalgia (tal-al'je-ah) [L. tal'us ankle + Gr. aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the heel or ankle. 
Talauma elegans (tal-aw'mah el'e-ganz). A plant 
of Java, valued as a stomachic, antispasmodic, 
and antihysteric remedy. 
talc, talcum (talk, tal'kum) [L. tai'cum]. A soft, 
unctuous mineral, consisting of magnesium silicate, 
3MgO.4SiO2.H2O: used as a dusting-powder and 
in filtering. 
taliacotian (tal"e-ak-o'shan). Same as taglia- 
cotian. 
talipedic (tal-ip-e'dik). Club-footed. 
talipes (tal'ip-ez) [L. for club-foot]. Club-foot; 
a deformity of the foot in which it is twisted out 
of shape or position, t. arcua'tus, a foot with 
an abnormally high arch. t. calcaneoval'gus, 
a form of talipes combining talipes calcaneus and 
talipes valgus, t. calcaneova'rus, a combination 
of talipes calcaneus and talipes varus, t. calca'- 
neus, club-foot in which the patient walks on the 
heel, the toes being elevated. It is frequently 
caused by infantile paralysis of the muscles of the 
tendo Achillis. t. ca'vus, exaggeration of the 
plantar arch of the foot, due to contraction of the 
plantar fascia, t. equinova'rus, a variety com- 
bining the features of talipes varus and talipes 
equinus, t. equi'nus, that in which the patient 
walks on the toes or the anterior part of one or 
both of his feet. It is due to elevation of the heel 
by contraction of the tendo Achillis. t. perca'- 
vus, extreme plantar curvature, t. planoval'- 
gus, valgus combined with flattening of the plantar 
arch and of the instep, t. pla'nus, flat-foot or 
splay-foot: a condition in which the arch of the 
instep is decreased or wanting. It is due to long- 
continued standing. spasmodic t., talipes pro- 
duced by sprain of the muscles, t. val'gus, 
club-foot in which the patient walks on the inner 
border of the foot, the sole being turned outward, 
t. va'rus, that in which the patient walks on the outer border of the foot, the sole being turned in- 
ward. 
talipomanus (tal-ip-om'an-us) [L. tal'ipes club- 
foot + ma'nus hand]. Club-hand; a deformity 
of the hand in which it is twisted out of shape or 
position. It usually consists of strong flexion and 
adduction of the hand. 
Tailerman's apparatus (tal'er-manz) [Lewis A. 
Tallerman, contemporary English inventor]. See 
apparatus. 
tallianine (tal-i'an-in). A proprietary preparation 
for veterinary use in infections of various sorts. 
tallow (tal'o). See suet. 
Tallqvist's scale (tahl'kvists) [Theodor Walde- 
mar Tallqvist, Finnish physician, born 1871]. See 
under scale. 
Talma's disease, operation (tal'mahz) [Sape 
Talma, physician in Utrecht, 1847-1918]. See dis- 
ease, etc. 
talocalcanean (ta"lo-kal-ka'ne-an) [L. ta'lus 
ankle + calca'neum heel-bone]. Pertaining to 
the astragalus and the calcaneum. 
talocrural (ta-lo-kru'ral) [L. ta'lus ankle + crus 
leg]. Pertaining to the astragalus and the leg- 
bones. t.-joint, the joint between the leg-bones 
and the astragalus. 
talofibular (ta-lo-fib'u-lar). Pertaining to the 
astragalus and the fibula. 
talon (tal'on) [L. "bird's claw"]. A low cusp or 
posterior prolongation of a molar tooth. 
talonavicular (ta"lo-nav-ik'u-lar). Pertaining to 
the astragalus and the navicular or scaphoid 
bone. 
talonid (tal'o-nid). The posterior part of a lower 
molar tooth. 
taloscaphoid (ta-lo-ska'foid). Pertaining to the 
astragalus and the scaphoid bone. 
talose (ta'los). An aldehyd hexose, CH2OH- 
(CHOHjiCHO, isomeric with dextrose. 
talotibial (ta-lo-tib'e-al). Pertaining to the astrag- 
alus and the tibia. 
talus (ta'lus) [L. "ankle"]. 1. [B N A] The astrag- 
alus, or ankle-bone. 2. The ankle. 
tama (ta'mah) [L.]. Swelling of the feet and legs. 
tamaquare (tam-ak-wa're). A preparation used 
for clearing opacities of the cornea. 
tamar indien (tah-mar' ahn-de-aw') [Fr. "Indian 
palm "]. A proprietary laxative confection. 
tamarack (tam'ar-ak). The hackmatack, a larch 
tree of North America: its bark is astringent and 
stimulant to the mucous membranes. Dose of 
fluidextract, 30-80 min. (2-5.333 c.c.). 
tamarind (tam'ar-ind) [L. tamarin'dus, from 
Arabic tamr Hindi Indian date]. The legumin- 
ous tropical tree, Tamarin'dus in'dica, and its 
laxative and cooling fruit or seed-pod. The 
tamarind of commerce and pharmacy is the pulp 
of these pods, either alone or preserved in syrup 
or sugar. An infusion of this pulp in cold water 
is a refrigerant drink useful in fevers. The pulp 
is also an ingredient of the confection of senna. 
Dose, freely. 
tamarindus (t am-ar-in'dus). 1 JLatin for tamarind. 
2. The preserved pulp of the fruit of the tamarind: 
refrigerant and laxative. 
tambour] (tam-boor') [Fr. for " drum "]. A drum- 
shaped appliance used in transmitting movements 
in a recording instrument. It consists of a cylinder 
having an elastic membrane- stretched over it, 
and to which passes a tube that transmits the air. 
It is connected with a recording apparatus. 
tambours a repulsion [Fr.]. A system of record- 
ing tambours. 
tampan (tarn'pan). See Ornithodorus moubata. 
tampicin (tam'pis-in). An amorphous resin, 
C34H540h, from Tampico jalap, Ipomce'a sim'- 
ulans. 
TALIPOMANUS 
1102 
tampon (tam'pon) [Fr.]. A plug made of cotton, 
sponge, or oakum: variously used in surgery 
to plug the nose, vagina, etc., for the control 
of hemorrhage or the absorption of secretions. 
Diihrssen's t., tamponade of the vagina with 
iodoform gauze in uterine hemorrhage, kite- 
tail t., a tampon made up of several pledgets 
tied to a string at intervals, t.-screw, an instru- 
ment with a screw-point for removing a tampon, 
tracheal t., an inflatable rubber bag surrounding 
a tracheotomy tube, used to prevent the entrance 
of blood into the trachea in operations on the mouth 
and nose. Trendelenburg's t., an inflatable 
bag of rubber surrounding a tracheotomy tube: 
used for preventing the escape of blood down 
the sides of the tube. 
tamponade (tam-pon-ad') [Fr. tamponnade]. The 
surgical use of the tampon, heart t., acute com- 
pression of the heart due to the collection of blood 
in the pericardium from rupture of the heart. 
tamponage (tam'pon-ag). Tamponade, 
tamponing (tam'pon-ing). Tamponade, 
tamponment (tam-pon'ment). The act of plug- 
ging with a tampon. 
Tamus (ta'mus) [L.]. A genus of dioscoreaceous 
plants. T. commu'nis is an old-world plant called 
black bryony: used homeopathically. 
tan (tan), i. To color or become of a brownish color 
from exposure to sun and wind. 2. The brownish 
color of the skin and hands acquired by exposure 
to the sun and air. 
tanacetum (tan-as-e'tum). Latin for tansy. 
tanaka (tan-ak'ah). The plant Dige'nia sim'plex 
of Japan: used as a vermifuge. 
tanalum (tan-al'um). Aluminum tannotartrate: 
used in diseases of the nose and throat. 
tanformal (tan-for'mal). A proprietary intestinal 
astringent and disinfectant claimed to be a chem- 
ical combination of tannin, phenol, and formal- 
dehyd. 
tang (tang). A projecting shank on a dental ap- 
pliance. 
tanghin (tan'gen). The apocynaceous tree. Cer'- 
bera tang'hin, of Madagascar, and its exceedingly 
poisonous seed: also an extract prepared from it. 
tanghinin (tan'gin-in). An alkaloid, C,0H,6, oc- 
curring in colorless crystals, from Tanghin'ia 
venenif'era. It is soluble in alcohol and ether, and 
sparingly soluble in water. It is an extremely 
poisonous cardiant: used like strophanthin. 
tangle (tang'l). See Laminaria. 
tank, septic (tank). A tank for the receipt of 
sewage, there to remain for a time in order that the 
solid matter may settle out and a certain amount of 
putrefaction occur from the action of the anaerobic 
bacteria present in the sewage. Called also anae- 
robic t. and hydrolytic t. activated sludge t., 
a tank through which sewage flows slowly or inter- 
mittently while compressed air is allowed to 
bubble up through it. digestion or Emsher or 
Imhoff t.; a deep septic tank in which the sludge 
is separated and submitted to septic action with- 
out making the rest of the sewage offensive, set- 
tling t., a basin in which the rate of flow of the 
sewage is reduced and the sludge allowed to settle 
out. 
tannal (tan'al). Aluminum tannate, insoluble 
t., basic aluminum tannate; a brown-fellow 
powder, A12(OH)4(Ci4H9O9)2-|-ioH2O; an astrin- 
gent: useful in catarrhal affections of the eye and 
respiratory organs. soluble t., aluminum 
tannotartrate; a yellowish-brown powder, Al2- 
(C4H6O6)2(C14H9O9)2-|-6H2O: an astringent. 
tannalbin (tan-al'bin). Exsiccated tannin albu- 
minate; a patented reddish-brown powder pre- 
pared from tannin and albumin: an intestinal 
astringent in catarrh of the bowels, diarrheas, etc. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.), veterinary t., a 
form of tannalbin adapted to veterinary practice. 
TANNALBIN TANNALIN 
1103 
TAPEWORM 
tannalin (tan'al-in). A formaldehyd solution. 
taimaphthol (tan-naf'thol). A proprietary conden- 
sation product of tannin albuminate and benzo- 
naphthol: used in dysentery and diarrhea, and 
externally as a dusting-powder for wounds. Dose, 
10-20 gr. (0.6-1.2 gm.). 
tannargan (tan-ar'gan). A compound of tannin, 
silver, and albumin, used in diarrhea, dysentery, 
and gastro-enteritis. 
tannase (tan'as). A zymase found in various 
tannin-bearing plants and produced in cultures 
by Aspergil'lus ni'ger and Penicil'lium glau'cum. 
tannate (tan'at) [L. tan'nos]. Any salt of tannic 
acid: all the tannates are astringent. 
tannic acid (tan'ik). See acid and tannin. 
tannigen (tan'ij-en). Tannin diacetylate, or 
diacetyl-tannin; an acetic ester of tannic acid, 
C14H5(COCH3)2O9: a patented yellowish-gray, taste- 
less powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in alco- 
hol and slightly in ether. It is used as an intestinal 
astringent in chronic diarrhea, and locally in rhin- 
itis, pharyngitis, etc. Dose, 2-8 gr. (0.125-0.5 gm.). 
tannin (tan'in). Tannic acid; any one of a series 
of acids having mostly the formula C14H10O9; 
especially the variety known as gallotannic acid, 
and derived from galls. It is used externally as 
an astringent styptic and hemostatic; internally 
as an astringent in atonic diarrheas. Dose, 1-10 gr. 
(0.066-0.666 gm.), diacetyl-t., t. diacetylate. 
Same as tannigen. pathologic t., any tannin 
derived from galls, or vegetable excrescences due 
to a local disease of the plant, physiologic t., 
any tannin normally produced by a healthy plant. 
tannin-aleuronat (tan"in-al-u'ro-nat). An astrin- 
gent combination of albumin and tannic acid. 
tannismuth (tan'iz-muth). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of bismuth ditannate. It is a light yellow 
powder containing 17 to 21 per cent, of bismuth. 
tannisol (tan'is-ol). A brownish powder, methylene- 
ditannic acid: used as an astringent. Dose, 2-8 gr. 
(0.125-0.5 gm.). 
tannocasum (tan-o-ka'sum). A light-gray, solid 
casein tannate: an antiseptic internal astringent. 
tannochloral (tan-o-klo'ral). Captol; a prepara- 
tion of tannin and chloral hydrate: antiparasitic 
and astringent. 
tannochrom (tan'o-krom). A preparation con- 
taining 50 per cent, of resorcin-chromium bitan- 
nate: used as a dusting-powder. 
tannocol (tan'o-kol). A combination of equal 
parts of tannin and gelatin: used as an intestinal 
astringent. 
tannoform (tan'o-form). Methylene-ditannin, 
CH2(C14H9O9)2, a bulky, pinkish, insoluble powder 
prepared from formaldehyd and gallotannic acid. 
It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alkaline 
solutions. It is used as an astringent and anti- 
septic for external or internal use-externally in 
skin diseases, bums, hyperhidrosis, pruritus, 
hemorrhoids, ozena, etc.; internally in chronic 
diarrhea. Dose, 3I-8 gr. (0.25-0.5 gm.): patented. 
tannogelatin (tan-o-jel'at-in). A precipitate 
formed in testing urine for tannin by means of 
gelatin. 
tannoguaiaform (tan-no-gwi'af-orm). A prepara- 
tion of guaiacol, tannin, and formaldehyd: used as 
an astringent and antiseptic in intestinal tuber- 
culosis. 
tannokresoform (tan-o-kre'so-form). A compound 
of tannin and cresoform, used as an antiseptic 
internally and externally. 
tannon (tan'on). Tannopin; a derivative of tannin 
and urotropin; a light-brown, tasteless powder, 
(CH2)6N4.(CI4H10O9)3, nearly insoluble in water, 
alcohol, and ether, but soluble in alkaline solutions. 
It is an intestinal astringent: used in enteritis and 
typhoid fever. Dose, 3-15 gr. (0.2-1 gm.). 
tannopin (tan'o-pin). Same as tannon. 
tannopumilin (tan-o-pu'mil-in). A proprietary 
preparation containing oil of Pi'nus pumil'io 
(templin oil) and digallic acid: used in skin diseases, 
tannopumilio (tan"o-pu-mil'e-o). A compound 
of digallic acid with the terpene of Pi'nus pumil'io: 
used in skin diseases. 
tannosal (tan'o-sal). Same as creosol. 
tanno thymal (tan-o-thi'mal). An intestinal as- 
tringent; a product of formaldehyd, tannic acid, 
and thymol. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.33-1 gm.). 
tannyl (tan'il). A grayish-brown powder, a tannin 
compound of oxychlorcasein, used as an intestinal 
astringent. Dose, 15-45 gr. (r-3 gm.). 
tanphenyform (tan-fen 'if-orm). A proprietary 
preparation of tannin albuminate, hexamethyl- 
enamin, and salol. 
tanret (tahn-ra'). Tanret's reagent; potassium 
iodohydrargyrate: used as a test for albumin. 
Tanret's test (tahn-raz') [Charles Tanret, French 
physician, 19th century]. See under tests. 
tansan (tan'san). A natural mineral water from a 
spring near Kobe, in Japan: used in nutritional dis- 
orders. 
Tansini's operation (tan-se'nez) [Iginio Tansini, 
Italian surgeon, born 1855]. See under opera- 
tion. 
tansy (tan'ze) [L. tanace'turn] The herb Tanace'- 
turn vulga're, a composite plant of the United 
States. Its leaves and tops {tanace'turn) contain 
tanacetin, tannic acid, and an essential oil, and 
are diuretic, emmenagogua, and anthelmintic. Its 
bitter, volatile oil is a poisonous agent, paral- 
yzing the muscles of respiration and deglutition, 
and causing vomiting, pain in the abdomen, con- 
vulsions, and death. Dose of oil, 1-3 min. (0.066- 
0.2 c.c.); of fluidextract, 20-60 min. (1.3-4 c.c.). 
tantalum (tan'tal-um). A rare metallic element; 
symbol, Ta; atomic weight, 181.5. 
taon (tah-on'). Infantile beriberi occurring in the 
Philippine Islands. 
tap (tap). 1. A quick, light blow. 2. To empty 
by paracentesis, front t., a tap on the muscles 
of the front of the leg, producing contraction of the 
muscles of the calf in spinal irritability. 
tap (tahp). A variety of East Indian jungle-fever, 
tapeinocephalic (tap"in-o-sef-al'ik). Character- 
ized by tapeinocephaly. 
tapeinocephaly (tap"in-o-sef'al-e) [Gr. raireiv6s 
low-lying + Ke<pa\r) head]. A low form of the 
skull, which is also flattened at the front. 
tapetum (tap-e'tum) [L. " carpet "]. 1. See t. 
lucidum. 2. A band of fibers passing from the 
callosum to the temporal lobe. t. alve'oli, 
the alveolar periosteum. t. cellulo'sum, 
the iridescent layer in the choriocapillary layer 
of the choroid of carnivorous animals, giving the 
peculiar luster seen in the eyes of those animals, 
t. choroid'ese. See t. lucidum. t. cor'poris 
callo'si, a bunch of fibers extending from the 
corpus callosum to the temporal lobe. t. fibro'- 
sum, the intermediate part of the stroma layer 
of the choroid of certain animals, as the cow, 
sheep, and horse, containing wavy bundles of 
connective tissue, which cause the metallic glow 
sometimes seen in such eyes. t. lu'cidum, the 
iridescent pigment epithelium of the choroid of 
cats and certain other animals, which give their 
eyes the properties of shining in the dark. Called 
also t. choroidece. t. ni'grum, the external, or 
pigmentary, layer of the retina, t. oc'uli, the 
pigment layer of the retina, t. ventric'uli, 
a system of white fibers which connects the cortex 
of the frontal lobe of the brain with the cortex 
of the occipital lobe. 
tapeworm (tap'werm). A parasitic intestinal 
cestode worm, or species of a flattened, tape-like 
form, and composed of separate joints. Those 
infesting man are principally of the genera T<Pnia, 
Bothriocephalus, and Hymenolepis. The ova of 
tapeworms are taken into the alimentary canal TAPEWORM 
1104 
TAPEWORM 
Head of Taenia saginata. 
Head of Taenia solium. 
Head of Bothriocephalus latus. 
Segments of Taenia 
saginata. 
Segments of Taenia (Hymeno- 
lepis) soiium 
Segments of Bothriocephalus 
latus. 
Taenia (Hymenolepis) 
nana, much enlarged. 
Taenia echinococcus, 
enlarged. 
Taenia elliptica. 
Taenia (Hymenolepis) nana, 
about natural size. TAPHEPHOBIA 
1105 
TARSALE 
of the host, whence they make their way into the 
tissues, where they form small, cyst-like masses, 
called scolices or cysticerci. See hydatid. When 
the flesh of the original host is eaten, the scolices 
develop within the alimentary canal of the new 
host into a strobilus, or adult tapeworm, which 
consists of a head, neck, and a various (often very 
great) number of oblong joints, or segments, 
called proglottides, each of which is hermaphroditic 
and produces ova. See Tania. African t., 
Tania africana. armed t., the pork tapeworm, 
Ta'nia so'lium, the commonest species of tape- 
worm. beef-t., Ta'nia sagina'ta, a common 
tapeworm of man. Its cysticercus is found in 
beef. Called also unarmed t. bro&d t., Dibothrio- 
ceph'alus la'his, the largest tapeworm of man. 
It is three-fourths of an inch broad, and often 
reaches a length of 20 feet. Its larvae are found in 
fish. It frequently produces profound anemia, 
dog-t., Ta'nia echinococ'cus; its scolices give rise 
to hydatid cysts. double-pored dog t., 
Dypilidium caninum. dwarf t. See Hymenolepsis 
nana. fat t., Tania saginata. fish t. See 
Dibothriocephalus. heart-headed t., Diboth- 
riocephalus cordatus. hydatid t. Same as Tania 
echinococcus. Japanese double-cord t., 
Diplogonoporus grandis. Madagascar t. See 
Davainea madagascariensis. Manson's larval 
t., Bothriocephalus mansoni. measly t., Tania 
solium, pork t., Tania solium, rat t., Hy- 
menolepsis diminuta. Swiss t., the Dibothrio- 
cephalus latus unarmed t. See beef-t. Ward's 
Nebraskan t., Tania confusa. 
taphephobia, taphiphobia, taphophobia 
(taf-e-fo'be-ah, taf-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. ra<pos grave + 
<p6^os fear]. Insane fear of being buried alive. 
taphosote (taf'o-sot). Tannophosphate of creosote: 
used in tuberculosis. 
tapinocephalic (tap"in-o-sef-al'ik) [Gr. raireivos 
low + KetpaXy head]. Characterized by tapino- 
cephaly. 
tapinocephaly (tap"in-o-sef'al-e) [Gr. raireLvbs 
low + KeipaXr) head]. The condition of having a 
skull flattened or depressed on the top. 
tapioca (tap-e-o'kah). A fecula, or starch, derived 
from the root of Jat'ropha man'ihot, or manioc: used 
as a food. 
tapir (ta'per). A mammal of various species of the 
genus Tapi'rus: the fat is locally used as a medicine, 
t.-mouth, a condition in which the mouth has 
something of the appearance of a tapir's mouth, 
the orbicularis oris muscle being atrophied, while 
the lips are thickened and separated. It is seen 
in facioscapulohumeral muscular atrophy. 
tapiroid (ta'per-oid). Resembling the snout of a 
tapir. 
tapotage (tah-po-tahzh'). Coughing and expectora- 
tion following percussion in the supraclavicular 
region: a sign sometimes obtained in pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 
tapotement (tah-pot-maw') [Fr.]. A tapping or 
percussing movement in massage. It includes 
clapping, beating, and punctation. 
tapping (tap'ing). See paracentesis. 
tar (tahr) [L. pix liq'uida]. Wood-tar; a dark- 
brown or black, viscid liquid, obtained mainly by 
roasting the wood of various species of pine. It 
is a mixture of complex composition, and is the 
source of a number of substances, as cresol, 
creosol, guaiacol, naphthalene, paraffin, phenol, 
toluene, xylol, etc. It is given in chronic bron- 
chitis, diarrhea, and diseases of the urinary 
organs, and externally in certain skin diseases. 
Dose of tar water, freely; of syrup, 1-2 fl.oz. (30- 
60 c.c.). The ointment is used for external appli- 
cation. coal-t., a thick, black, viscid substance 
obtained from bituminous coal, or as a residue in the 
distillation of petroleum. Its distillation product 
(coal-t. oil) is the source of many valuable organic 
compounds, including anilin, benzene, naphthalene, 
quinolin, toluene, etc. gas-t., a coal-tar derived 
from the coal, rosin, petroleum, and other material 
used in gas-works. 
tara (tah'rah). A kind of palmus, or jumping 
disease, prevailing in Siberia. 
tarabagania tchuma (tar-ab-ag-ah'ne-ah tchu'- 
mah). A fatal contagious disease of Siberia: 
said to be contracted primarily from contact with 
a diseased tarabagan, or marmot. 
tarantism (tar'an-tizm). A variety of dancing 
mania, popularly believed to be caused by the 
bite of a tarantula, and to be cured by dancing. 
tarantula (tar-an'tu-lah). A venomous spider 
of Europe, Lyco'sa taran'tula; also its homeo- 
pathic preparations. T. cuben'sis, a Cuban 
spider; also a homeopathic preparation said 
to be a toxemic agent: useful in malignant ulcers 
and anthrax. T. his'pana, a spider found in 
Spain and South America; also its homeopathic 
preparation: said to be of high value in treating 
chorea, hysteria, etc. 
tarassis (tar-as'is) [Gr. Tapanis confusion], A term 
proposed by Sanoaville de Lachese (1886) for hys- 
teria in the male. 
taraxacerin (tar"aks-as-e'rin). A crystalline and 
soluble principle, C8H16O, from dandelion root. 
taraxacin (tar-aks'as-in). A bitter principle from 
the root of the common dandelion. 
Taraxacum (tar-aks'ak-um) [LJ. A genus of com- 
posite-flowered plants. The dried root of T. 
officina'le, the common dandelion, contains the 
principle taraxacin, and is diuretic, stomachic, 
and somewhat cholagogue, and is used in the he- 
patic congestion of acid atonic dyspepsia. Dose 
of extract, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.); of fluidextract, 
2-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.); of juice (suc'cus tarax'aci), 
2-4 dr. (8-16 c.c.). 
taraxigen (tar-ak'sij-en). See under taraxy. 
taraxin (tar-ak'sin). See under taraxy. 
taraxis (tar-ak'sis). An obsolete name for con- 
junctivitis. 
taraxy (tar-ak'se) [Gr. rapa^is disturbance]. Novy's 
name for anaphylaxis, on the theory that the con- 
dition is due to a poisonous substance (taraxin) 
which is formed in the blood on the injection of an 
alien substance, as the result of a reaction with a 
substance which already exists in the blood-serum 
and which he terms taraxigen. 
tarbadillo (tar-bah-deel'yo) [Sp.]. See tabardillo. 
tarbagan (tar'bag-an). See marmot. 
Tardieu's spots (tar-dyuz') [Auguste Francois 
Tardieu, French physician, 1818-1879]. See spot. 
tare (tar). 1. The weight of the vessel in which 
a substance is weighed. 2. To take the weight 
of a vessel which is to contain a substance, in 
order to allow for it when the vessel and the 
substance are weighed together. 
tarentism (tar'en-tizm). See tarantism. 
tarentula (tar-en'tu-lah). Same as tarantula. 
target (tar'get). Same as mire. 
Tarin, Tarinus, band of, valve of, etc. 
(tah'rin, tah-ri'nus) [Pierre Tarin, French anat- 
omist, 1700-1761]. See under band, valve, etc. 
Tarnier's forceps, sign (tahr-ne-az') [Etienne 
Stephene Tarnier, French obstetrician, 1828-1897]. 
See under forceps and sign. 
tarropetrolin (tar-o-pet'ro-lin). A proprietary 
salve containing wood-tar and petroleum: used for 
skin diseases. 
tarsadenitis (tar-sad-en-i'tis). An inflammation 
of the tarsus of the eyelid and of the meibomian 
glands. 
tarsal (tahr'sal) [L. tarsa'lis], Pertaining to the 
tarsus of an eyelid or to the instep. 
tarsale (tahr-sa'le), pl. tarsa'lia [LJ. Any bone 
of the tarsus, especially one belonging to the 
distal row. TARSALGIA 
1106 
TAUTOMERAL 
tarsalgia (tahr-sal'je-ah) [Gr. rapabs foot + a\yos 
pain]. Neuralgia of the foot, with flattening of 
its arch. 
tarsalia (tahr-sa'le-ah) [L. pl.]. The tarsal bones, 
tarsalis (tahr-sa'lis) [L.]. A tarsal muscle, t. 
infe'rior, a muscle arising from the lower lid 
and inserted into the tarsus of the lower lid. It 
depresses the lower lid. t. supe'rior, a muscle 
of the upper eyelid serving to raise the lid and 
the skin of the lid. 
tarsectomy (tahr-sek'to-me) [Gr. rapabs foot + 
iKTopi) excision]. 1. Excision of the tarsus, or a 
part of it. 2. Excision of a tarsal cartilage. 
tarsectopia (tahr-sek-to'pe-ah) [tarsus 4- Gr. 
Hktottos out of place]. Dislocation of the tarsus. 
tarsen (tahr'sen) [Gr. rapabs foot]. Pertaining to 
the tarsus in itself. 
tarsitis (tahr-si'tis) [Gr. rapabs eyelid + -ins in- 
flammation], Inflammation of the tarsus, or mar- 
gin of an eyelid. 
tarsocheiloplasty (tahr-so-ki'lo-plas-te) [Gr. rap- 
abs eyelid + xetXos lip + irXaaaeiv to mold]. 
A plastic operation upon the edge of the eyelid, as 
in trichiasis. 
tarsoclasis (tahr-sok'las-is) [Gr. rapabs foot + 
Kkaa is breaking]. The operation of fracturing the 
tarsus of the foot. 
tarsomalacia (tahr"so-mal-a'she-ah) [Gr. rapabs 
tarsus + paXa/da softening]. Softening of the 
tarsus of an eyelid. 
tarsometatarsal (tahr"so-met-ah-tar'sal). Per- 
taining to the tarsus and the metatarsus. 
tarso-orbital (tahr-so-or'bit-al). Pertaining to the 
tarsus and the walls of the orbit. 
tarsophalangeal (tahr"so-fa-lan'je-al). Pertain- 
ing to the tarsus and the phalanges. 
tarsophyma (tahr-so-fi'mah) [Gr. rapabs tarsus + 
<pvpa growth]. Any tarsal tumor. 
tarsoplasia (tahr-so-pla'se-ah). Same as tarsoplasty. 
tarsoplasty (tahriso-plas-te) [Gr. rapabs tarsus + 
irXaaaeiv to form]. Plastic surgery of the tarsus 
or of an eyelid; blepharoplasty. 
tarsoptosis (tar-sop-to'sis) [Gr. rapabs tarsus + 
irr&ais falling]. Falling of the tarsus; flat-foot. 
tarsorrhaphy (tahr-sor'a-fe) [Gr. rapabs tarsus fl- 
pa^ suture]. The operation of suturing an eye- 
lid, or of suturing the eyelids together. 
tarsotarsal (tahr-so-tahr'sal). Between two rows 
of tarsal bones. 
tarsotibial (tahr-so-tib'e-al). Pertaining to the 
tarsus and the tibia. 
tarsotomy (tahr-sot'o-me) [Gr. rapabs tarsus + 
repveiv to cut]. The operation of incising the 
tarsus, or an eyelid. 
tarsus (tahr'sus) [L.; Gr. rapabs]. 1. The instep 
proper with its seven bones; the proximal seg- 
ment of the foot; the bones are the astragalus 
(or knuckle-bone), the calcaneum (or heel-bone), 
and the scaphoid, forming the proximal row; and 
the cuboid and the internal, middle, and external 
cuneiform bones, forming the distal row, or tarsalis. 
The astragalus articulates with the tibia and 
fibula; the four distal bones, with the metatarsals. 
2. The firm framework of connective tissue which 
gives shape to the eyelid. 
tartar (tahr'tahr) [L. ta/tarum; Gr. raprapov]. 1. 
The lees, or sediment, of a wine-cask; crude potas- 
sium bitartrate. 2. The incrustation that forms 
on neglected teeth, borated t., a white powder 
prepared by evaporating a solution of 2 parts of 
borax and 5 parts of potassium bitartrate, cream 
of t. [L. ere'mor ta/tari], potassium bitartrate, 
t. emetic, the tartrate of antimony and potassium, 
serumal t., the greenish or brownish secretions 
of calcareous matter seen on the roots of the teeth 
in cases of pyorrhea. It is formed from the blood- 
serum. Called also hematogenic calculus, vitrio- 
lated t., potassium tartrate. 
tartarated (tahr'tahr-a-ted) [L. tartara'tus]. Charged 
with tartaric acid. 
tartaric acid (tar-tar'ik). See under acid. 
tartarization (tahr"tar-iz-a'shun). The treatment 
of syphilis by inoculation with tartarized antimony, 
tartarized (tahr'tar-izd) [L. tartariza'tus]. Charged 
with tartaric acid. 
tartarlithin (tahr-tar-lith'in). Lithium bitartrate, 
LiC4H5O6.H2O, a white, acid powder: used for 
gout, rheumatism, and uricacidemia; also for 
suppurative gingivitis. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.3-0.6 
gm.), t. and sulphur, a preparation of equal 
parts of tartarlithin and precipitated sulphur in 
5-grain tablets. It is used in bronchitis, chronic 
sore throat, and indigestion from liver disease. 
tartrate (tahritrat) [L. taPtras]. Any salt of tar- 
taric acid, acid t., a bitartrate; any salt of tar- 
taric acid in which one atom only of hydrogen is 
replaced by a base, normal t., one in which 
two hydrogen atoms are replaced; various tar- 
trates are employed as remedial agents. 
tartrated (tahr'tra-ted) [L. tartra'tus]. Containing 
tartar or tartaric acid. t. antimony, antimony 
and potassium tartrate. 
tartrophen (tahr'tro-fen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of phenetidin and tartaric acid: used like 
citrophen. 
Tashkend ulcer (tash'kend). See ulcer. 
taste (tast) [L. gus'tus]. The peculiar sensation 
caused by the contact of soluble substances with 
the tongue; the sense effected by the tongue, the 
gustatory and other nerves, and the gustation 
center, after-t., a taste that continues after the 
substance producing it has been removed, t.- 
buds, t.-bulbs, certain end-organs of the tongue 
upon which the savors of substances tasted make 
their direct impression, t.-cells, t.-corpuscles. 
See cell, color t., pseudogeusesthesia. t.-end, 
a taste-cell forming the terminal end-organ of the 
gustatory nerve, franklinic t., a sour taste 
produced by stimulating the tongue with static 
electricity, t.-goblets. Same as t.-buds. t.- 
pore, a canal leading into the center of a taste-bud. 
t.-ridges, the foliate papillae which contain 
numerous taste-buds. 
tatte melk. A food article in Norway and Sweden, 
prepared by inoculating milk with leaves of 
Pinguicula vulgaris. 
tattooing (tat-oo'ing). The insertion of permanent 
colors in the skin by introducing them through 
punctures, t. of the cornea, the permanent 
coloring of the cornea, chiefly to conceal leuko- 
matous spots. 
Tatu'sia novemcinc'ta. A trypanosome found 
in the armadillo, transmitted by the insect Triatoma 
geniculata (Chagas, 1912). 
tauranga (taw-ran'gah). See bush disease, under 
disease. 
taurin (taw'rin). A crystallizable acid, amino- 
ethyl-sulphonic acid, NHafCFL^SCbOH, from the 
bile, produced from the decomposition of tauro- 
cholic acid. It is found also in small quantities in 
the tissues of the lungs and muscles. Its crystals 
are colorless and are readily soluble in water. 
taurine (taw'rin). A nutrient jelly from beef. 
taurocholate (taw-ro-ko'lat). Any salt of tauro- 
cholic acid. 
taurocholemia (taw-ro-kol-e'me-ah). The presence 
of taurocholic acid in the blood. 
taurocholic acid (taw-ro-kol'ik). See acid. 
tautomenial (taw-to-me'ne-al) [Gr. rauro the same 
+ prp> month]. Pertaining to the same menstrual 
period. 
tautomer al, tautomeric (taw-tom'er-al, taw-to- 
mer'ik) [Gr. ravrb the same + pepos part]. Send- 
ing processes to help in the formation of the white 
matter in the same side of the spinal cord: used of 
certain neurons and neuroblasts. See lautomeral 
cells, under cell. TAUTOMERISM 
1107 
TEETH 
tautomerism (taw-tom'er-izm) [Gr. ravrb the same 
+ juepos part]. Metamerism in which two formu- 
las are possible, but only one stable substance is 
obtainable. 
Tawara's node (tah-wah'rah) [S. Tawara, con- 
temporary Japanese pathologist]. See under node. 
taxin (taks'in) [L. taxius; Gr. ra^os yew]. An al- 
kaloid or resin from yew: used in epilepsy. 
taxis (taks'is) [Gr. "arrangement"]. 1. The re- 
placement by hand of a displaced part, as of a 
hernial protrusion. 2. A suffix meaning order or 
arrangement, as chemotaxis, thermotaxis, etc. bi- 
polar t., the manipulation of a retro verted uterus 
by upward pressure through the rectum, the 
cervix being pulled down in the vagina. 
Taxodium distichum (taks-o'de-um dis-tik'um). 
The cypress, a timber tree of North America. 
The resin is useful in rheumatism. 
taxology (taks-ol'o-je). Taxonomy. 
taxonomy (taks-on'o-me) [L. taxino'mia; Gr. ra^cs 
arrangement + popos law]. The theory and prin- 
ciples of classification. 
taxy (taks'e). Same as taxis (3d def.). 
Tay's disease, spot (taz) [Warren Tay, contem- 
porary English physician]. See disease and spot. 
Taylor's apparatus (ta'lerz) [Charles Fayette 
Taylor, surgeon in New York, 1827-1899]. See 
apparatus. 
Tay-Sachs' disease [Warren Tay, contemporary 
British physician; Bernard Sachs, contemporary 
neurologist in New York]. See disease. 
TB. See under tuberculin. 
Tb. Chemic symbol of Terbium. 
T-bandage. See bandage. 
TBN. Abbreviation for bacillus emulsion. See under 
tuberculin. 
TC. See under tuberculin. 
T. d. Abbreviation for L. ter in di'e, three times a 
day. 
Te. The symbol of tellurium; also an abbreviation 
for tetanus. 
tea (te) [L. the'a]. 1. The dried leaves of The'a 
chinen'sis. They contain thein (caffein) and tan- 
nic acid, and are used in infusion as a conservant, 
stimulant, and exhilarant. 2. A decoction of the 
above, used as a beverage. 3. Any decoction or 
infusion of a medicinal plant, breast-t. Same 
as species pectorales. emollient t. See species 
emollientes. James' t., Labrador t., the plant 
Le'dum latifo'lium, of the United States and 
Canada, used domestically as a tonic and pectoral, 
t.-mixture. See species. St. Germain t. 
Same as species laxantes. teamsters' t., a 
decoction of Eph'edra antisyphilit'ica: a popular 
remedy for venereal disorders, worm-t., com- 
pound infusion of spigelia and senna, containing also 
manna and fennel. Dose, 1-5 fl.oz. (30-150 c.c.). 
teaberry (te'ber-e). See Gaultheria. 
teachers ' nodule (tech'erz). See chorditis tuberosa. 
teak (tek). An important timber tree, Tecto'na 
gran'dis, of southern Asia. A medicinal oil and 
tar are obtained from its wood. 
Teale's amputation (telz) [Thomas Pridgin Teale, 
English surgeon, born 1790]. See amputation. 
tears (terz) [L. lac'rima; Gr. SaKpva]. 1. The 
watery secretion of the lacrimal glands which 
serves to moisten the conjunctiva. The secretion 
is slightly alkaline and saline. 2. Small, naturally 
formed, drop-like masses of a gum or resin. 
tease (tez). To pull a tissue apart with needles 
for microscopic examination. 
teaspoon (te'spoon). A spoon of small size, con- 
taining about 1 fluidram or 4 cubic centimeters. 
teat (tet). The nipple of the mammary gland. 
teatulation (tet-u-la'shun). The formation of a 
nipple-like elevation. 
tebean (te'be-an). A preparation made by shaking 
virulent human tubercle bacilli in 25 per cent, 
galactose and then concentrating in vacuo: used 
in tuberculosis. 
tebelon (te-be'lon). Isobutylester of oleic acid, 
suggested for the treatment of tuberculosis and 
other infections (Stolzner). 
technic (tek'nek) [Fr.]. The method of procedure 
and the details of any mechanic process or surgical 
operation. Kristeller t., expression of the child 
by the hands on the abdomen over the fundus 
uteri, the fingers of the hand being behind and the 
thumbs in front. 
technical (tek'nik-al). Pertaining to technic, 
technique (tek'nik). Same as technic. 
technocausis (tek-no-kaw'sis) [Gr. rexvV art + 
Kauais burning]. The use of the actual cautery. 
Tecoma radicans (te-ko'mah rad-i'kanz). The 
trumpet creeper; also its homeopathic preparation. 
tecosis (te-ko'sis). See takosis. 
tectocephalic (tek"to-sef-al'ik). Characterized 
by tectocephaly. 
tectocephaly (tek-to-sef'al-e) [L. tec'turn roof 4- 
Gr. head]. Same as scaphocephalism. 
tectology (tek-tol'o-je) [Gr. tcktcov builder + 
Xoyos discourse]. The science which treats of 
the building up of organisms from organic ele- 
ments; the doctrine of structure. 
tectonic (tek-ton'ik). Pertaining to plastic surgery 
or to surgery for the restoration of lost parts. 
tectorial (tek-to're-al) [L. tec'tum roof]. Of the 
nature of a roof or covering. 
tectorium (tek-to're-um), pl. tecto'ria [L. " roof 
The membrane of Corti. 
tectospinal (tek-to-spi'nal). Pertaining to the 
tectum mesencephali and the spinal cord. See 
tract. 
tectum (tek'tum). Any roof-like structure, t. 
mesencep'hali, the roof of the midbrain com- 
prising the colliculus superior and colliculus infe- 
rior. 
tedious (te'de-us) [L. tcedio'sus]. Protracted be- 
yond the usual extent of time, as a labor. 
teel oil (tel). The oil of sesame. See oil of benne. 
teeth (teth) [pl. of tooth]. The organs of mastica- 
tion. See tooth, anterior t., the six front teeth 
in each jaw: called also oral t. artificial t., 
teeth made of porcelain in imitation of natural 
teeth, auditory t., a set of tooth-like points 
in the cochlea, barred t., teeth with roots 
spread out so that their extraction is extremely 
difficult, bicuspid t., premolar t., the fourth 
and fifth teeth, counting from the center, buccal 
t., the bicuspids and molars, canine t., the four 
teeth which immediately join the incisors, cheo- 
plastic t., artificial teeth attached to a cheo- 
plastic base without pins, chiaie t., teeth from 
which the enamel is eaten away by the action of 
subterranean gases; seen in those exposed to the 
emanations of the volcanoes or who drink water 
impregnated with such gases, corner t., the 
third or outer pair of incisor teeth of either jaw of 
the horse, cross-pin t., artificial teeth in which 
the pins are inserted horizontally, cuspid t., 
the four teeth, two in each jaw, which immediately 
adjoin the incisors, deciduous t., the teeth of 
the first dentition. Called also milk t. and tem- 
porary t. eye-t., the two upper canine teeth, 
hag-t., teeth having wide spaces between the 
upper incisors, hair-t. Same as auditory t. 
Horner's t., incisor teeth horizontally grooved 
from a deficiency of enamel. Hutchinson's t., 
notched and narrow-edged permanent incisors; 
regarded as a sign of congenital syphilis, but not 
always of such an origin, impacted t., teeth 
confined in the jaw so that they do not erupt, 
incisor t., the four front teeth of each jaw. 
labial t., the incisors and cuspids, lower t. 
See mandibular t. malacotic t., teeth which are 
soft in structure and which easily decay, man- TEETHING 
1108 
TELEORGANIC 
dibular t., the teeth of the mandible or lower 
jaw; the lower teeth, maxillary t., the upper 
teeth; the teeth of the upper jaw or maxilla, 
milk t., the deciduous teeth, molar t., the 
grinders, or double teeth, situated in the back 
part of either jaw. Moon's t., the small, domed 
first molars of syphilitic patients, oral t. See an- 
terior t. peg-top t. Same as Hutchinson's t. 
permanent t., the teeth of the second dentition, 
rake t., teeth separated by intervals, sclerotic 
t., teeth which are hard in structure and are re- 
sistant to decay, screw-driver t. Same as 
Hutchinson's t. stomach-t., the two lower ca- 
nine teeth, straight-pin t., artificial teeth in 
which the pins are inserted vertically, succeda- 
neous t., the permanent teeth which replace the 
deciduous teeth, superior t., the 'upper or 
maxillary teeth, supernumerary t., supple- 
mental t., teeth in excess of the regular or normal 
number, temporary t., the deciduous teeth, 
upper t. See maxillary t. vital t., teeth the 
pulp of which is alive, wisdom-t., the aftermost 
tooth on each side of each jaw; these four teeth 
are the last to appear. 
teething (teth'ing). The cutting of the teeth; 
dentition. See under tooth. 
tegmen (teg'men), pl. teg'mina [L. " cover "]. 
Any covering or shelter, t. cru'ris, the teg- 
mentum. t. mastoideo-tympan'icum, the 
tegmen mastoideum and tegmen tympani, which 
together roof over the mastoid cells, t. mas- 
toid'eum, the bony roof of the mastoid cells, 
t. tym'pani [B N A], the bony layer between the 
tympanum and the cranial cavity, t. ventric'- 
uli quar'ti [B N A], the roof of the fourth ven- 
tricle. 
tegmental (teg-men'tai). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of a tegmentum or tegmen. 
tegmentum (teg-men'tum) [L.]. i. A tegmen 
or covering. 2. The grayish upper covering of 
the crura cerebri; the upper and larger of the 
two principal parts of either crus cerebri, t. 
au'ris, the membrana tympani. hypothala- 
mic t., subthalamic t., the extension of the 
tegmentum of the crus cerebri beneath the thal- 
amus. 
tegmin (teg'min) [L. teg'men a cover]. A prepara- 
tion of wax, gum arabic, and water: used as a surgi- 
cal dressing and as a covering for vaccination 
sores. 
tegone (te'gon). A preparation of agar-agar and 
glycerin used in making bandages. 
tegument (teg'u-ment) [L. tegumen'tum]. The 
integument or skin. 
tegumental (teg-u-men'tal). Of the nature of a 
tegument. 
tegumentary (teg-u-men'ta-re). Pertaining to the 
skin or tegument. 
Teichmann's crystals (tik'manz) [Ludwig T. 
Stawiarski Teichmann, German histologist, 1825- 
1895]. See under crystal. 
teichopsia (ti-kop'se-ah) [Gr. reixos wall + o^is 
vision]. A luminous appearance before the eyes, 
with a zigzag, wall-like outline. Called also 
fortification-spectrum and scotoma scintillans. 
teinodynia (ti-no-din'e-ah). Same as tenodynia. 
tela (te'lah), pl. te'la [L. " web "]. 1. Any web- 
like tissue. 2. Any prolongation of the pia found 
within a brain cavity, t. ara'nea. See cob- 
web. t. cellulo'sa, connective tissue. t. 
choroi'dea, the fold of pia mater forming the 
membranous roof of the third (t. choroi'dea ven- 
tric'uli ter'tii) and fourth (t. choroi'dea ventric'uli 
quar'ti) ventricles of the brain, t. submuco'sa, 
the pharyngeal aponeurosis, t. vasculo'sa, the 
choroid plexus. 
telsesthesia (tel-es-the'ze-ah). See telesthesia. 
telangiectasia, telangiectasis (tel-an"je-ek-ta'- 
zhe-ah, tel"an-je-ek'tas-is) [Gr. reXos end + 
ayyeiov vessel + eeraais dilatation]. Dilatation 
of the capillary vessels and minute arteries, forming 
a variety of angioma, t. lymphat'ica, lymph- 
angioma formed by dilatation of the lymph-vessels, 
telangiectatic (tel-an"je-ek-tat'ik). Pertaining to 
or of the nature of telangiectasis. 
telangiectodes (tel-an-je-ek-to'dez). Marked by 
telangiectasia. 
telangiectoma (tel-an-je-ek-to'mah). Same as 
telangioma. 
telangiitis (tel-an-je-i'tis) [Gr. reXos end + 
ayyeiov vessel + iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the capillaries. 
telangioma (tel-an-je-o'mah) [Gr. reXos end + 
ayyeiov vessel + -w/xa tumor]. A tumor made up 
of dilated capillaries. 
telangiosis (tel"an-je-o'sis) [Gr. reXos end + 
ayyeiov vessel]. Any disease of the capillary 
vessels. 
telatuten (tel-ah-tu'ten). An extract of blood- 
vessel walls. 
telecardiogram (te-le-kar'de-o-gram) [Gr. r^Xe 
far off + cardiogram]. A cardiogram which regis- 
ters the tracings on a ribbon at a distance from the 
patient by means of an electric connection. 
telecardiography (te"le-kar-de-og'raf-e). The 
use of the telecardiogram. 
telecinesia (tel-e-sin-e'ze-ah) [Gr. rqXe far off + 
Kiuqats movement]. Movement of an object pro- 
duced without contact. 
teledactyl (tel-e-dak'til) [Gr. rijXe far off + 
SaKruXos finger]. An appliance for picking up 
objects from the ground without stooping: used 
in spinal diseases. 
teledendrite, teledendron (tel-e-den'drit, tel-e- 
den'dron). Same as telodendron. 
telediastolic (tel"e-di-as-tol'ik) [Gr. r^Xe far + 
diastole]. Pertaining to the last phase of the 
diastole. 
telegony (tel-eg'o-ne) [Gr. rfjXe far off + yovq off- 
spring]. The reproduction in the offspring of 
one sire of characteristics derived from a pre- 
vious sire to whom the mother has borne off- 
spring. 
telegraphers' cramp (tel-eg'ra-ferz). See cramp. 
telekinesis (tel"e-kin-e'sis) [Gr. r^Xe afar + Klveais 
movement]. The power claimed by certain 
persons of moving objects without contact with 
the object moved; also motion produced without 
contact with a moving body. 
telekinetic (tel-e-kin-et'ik). Pertaining to tele- 
kinesis. 
telelectrocardiogram (tel-e-lek"tro-kar'de-o- 
gram). Telecardiogram. 
telemnemonike (tel"e-mne-mon'ik-e) [Gr. rqXe 
afar + pvr/popiKos pertaining to memory]. The 
gaining of consciousness of things in the memory of 
another person. 
telencephal (tel-en'sef-al). Same as telenceph- 
alon. 
telencephalic (tel"en-sef-al'ik). Pertaining to 
the telencephalon. 
telencephalon (tel-en-sef'al-on) [Gr. t^Xos end + 
eyKetpaXos brain]. [B N A] The anterior end of the 
embryonic neural tube and its adult derivatives, 
comprising chiefly the cerebral hemispheres and the 
lamina terminalis. Called also end-brain. 
teleneurite (tel-e-nu'rit). The end expansion of an 
axis-cylinder. 
teleneuron (tel-e-nu'ron) [Gr. rrjXe far + vevpov 
nerve]. A nerve-ending. 
teleology (tel-e-ol'o-je) [Gr. reXos completion + 
Xbyos treatise]. The doctrine of final causes, or of 
adaption to a definite purpose. 
teleomitosis (tel"e-o-mi-to'sis). Completed mi- 
tosis. 
teleorganic (tel-e-or-gan'ik). Necessary to life. teleoroentgenogram (tel"e-o-rent-gen'o-gram). 
An x-ray picture taken from a distance of 6 feet. 
teleoroentgenography. See teleroentgenography. 
teleost (tel'e-ost). One of an order of fish known as 
the bony fish. 
teleotherapeutics (tel"e-o-ther-ap-u'tiks) [Gr. 
rrfXe far + therapeutics}. Suggestive therapeutics. 
telepathist (tel-ep'ath-ist). A professed mind- 
reader. 
telepathize (tel'ep-ath-iz). To affect by sympa- 
thetic or other subtle means. 
telepathy (tel-ep'ath-e) [Gr. rijXe far + irdOos feel- 
ing]. The alleged transfer of thought; mind- 
reading. 
telephium (tel-ef'e-um). An intractable ulcer. 
teleradiography (tel" e-ra-de-og'raf-e) [Gr. rfjXe far 
off + radiography]. Radiography with the tube 
at a distance from the body in order more nearly 
to secure parallelism of the rays. 
telergic (tel-er'jik). Acting at a distance. 
telergy (tel'er-je) [Gr. rijXe far off + ^pyov work. 
Automatism. 
teleroentgenography (tel"e-rent-gen-og'raf-e). 
T eleragiography. 
telesthesia, telaesthesia (tel-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
reXos end + diaOevLs perception]. Telepathy; 
perception at a distance. 
telesyphilis (te-le-sif'il-is) [Gr. r^Xe far away + 
syphilis]. Metasyphilis. 
telesystolic (tel"e-sis-tol'ik) [Gr. r^Xe far + sys- 
tole]. Pertaining to the end of the systole. 
teletherapy (tel-e-ther'ap-e) [Gr. rijXe far off + 
Oepaireia treatment]. Absent treatment. 
tellurate (tel'u-rat). Any salt of telluric acid. 
telluric acid (tel-u'rik). See under acid. 
tellur ism (tel'u-rizm) [L. tel'lus earth]. The dis- 
ease-producing influence of the earth or soil. 
tellurium (tel-u're-um) [L. tel'lus earth]. A 
non-metallic or metalloid element; symbol, Te; 
specific gravity, 6.24; atomic weight, 127.5. 
Tellyesniczky's fluid (tel-yets-nits'kez) [Kalmar 
Tellyesniczky, contemporary Hungarian histolo- 
gist], See fluid. 
teloblast (tel'o-blast) [Gr. reXos end + ^Xaaros 
germ], A segmentation-sphere at the end of a 
germinal band. 
teloblastic (tel-o-blas'tik). Pertaining to a telo- 
blast. 
telocinesia, telocinesis (tel-o-sin-e'se-ah, -sin-e'- 
sis). Telophase. 
telodendrion (tel-o-den'dre-on) [Gr. reXos end + 
bevbpov tree]. A motor end-plate or other terminal 
part of a dendron. 
telodendron (tel-o-den'dron) [Gr. reXos end + 
Stub poo tree]. A brush-like expansion or arboriza- 
tion at the end of an axis-cylinder process or 
of a paraxon. 
telekinesis (tel-o-kin-e'sis) [Gr. reXos end + idvr/ais 
motion]. Same as telophase. 
telolecithal (tel-o-les'ith-al) [Gr. reXos end + 
XeiaOos yolk]. Having a yolk concentrated at 
one of the poles: said of an ovum. 
telolemma (tel-o-lem'ah) [Gr. reXos end + Xeppa 
rind]. The twofold covering of a motorial end- 
plate, made up of sarcolemma and an extension 
of Henle's sheath. 
telophase (tel'o-faz) [Gr. reXos end + <paats phase]. 
One of the later' stages of karyokinesis, in which 
the cell-division is completed.' 
telophragma (tel-o-frag'mah) [Gr. reXos end + 
<ppaypbs inclosure]. Krause's membranes. See 
membrane. 
Telosporidia (tel"o-spo-rid'e-ah) [Gr. reXos end + 
airbpa spore]. A class of Sporozoa including those 
forms wherein sporulation ends the life of the indi- 
TELEOROENTGENOGRAM 
1109 
TEMPOROCEREBELLAR 
vidual. The term includes Coccidium, Plasmo- 
dium, and Babesia. 
telosynapsis (tel-o-sin-ap'sis) [Gr. reXos end + 
<rwa<l/LS conjunction]. The conjunction of chromo- 
somes end to end. Cf. parasynapsis. 
telotism (tel'o-tizm) [Gr. reXos end]. The com- 
plete performance of a function. 
telson (tel'son). A scorpion's sting. 
temp. dext. Abbreviation for L. tem'pori dex'tro, 
to the right temple. 
temperament (tem'per-am-ent) [L. temperamen' - 
turn mixture]. The peculiar physical character 
and mental cast of an individual, atrabilious 
t. Same as melancholic t. bilious t., that 
characterized by a dark or sallow complexion, 
black hair, and a slow or moderate circulation 
of the blood. choleric t. Same as bilious 
t. lymphatic t., phlegmatic t., results, 
according to the old physiologists, from the pre- 
dominance of lymph or phlegm in the system 
It is characterized by a fair but not ruddy com- 
plexion, light hair, and a general softness or laxity 
of the tissues, melancholic t., one characterized 
by a predominance of black bile (which was sup- 
posed to be secreted by the spleen), rendering the 
disposition melancholy and morose, and, when in 
great excess, producing hypochondriasis, ner- 
vous t., one characterized by the predominance of 
the nervous element, and by great activity or sus- 
ceptibility of the great nervous center, the brain, 
sanguineous t., sanguine t., one character- 
ized by a fair and ruddy complexion, yellow, red, 
or light auburn hair, a full, muscular development, 
large, full veins, and an active pulse, all indicating 
an abundant supply of blood. 
temperature (tem'per-at-ur) [L. temperatu'ra]. 
The degree of sensible heat or cold, absolute 
t., that which is reckoned from the absolute zero 
of -2730 C. body-t., the temperature of the 
body, critical t., a temperature below which a 
gas may be reduced to liquid form by press- 
ure. t.-curve, a curved or broken line exhib- 
iting the variations of the bodily temperature in 
a given period, maximum t., in bacteriology, 
the temperature above which growth does not take 
place, mean t., the average temperature in a 
locality for a given period of time, mini- 
mum t., in bacteriology, temperature below 
which growth does not take place. normal 
t., that of the human body in health, or 98.6° 
F. This is maintained in health by the ther- 
motaxic nerve-mechanism, which keeps up a 
balance between the thermogenetic, or heat-pro- 
ducing, and the thermolytic, or heat-dispelling, 
processes, optimum t., the temperature most 
favorable to the development of cultures of a given 
species of microorganism, room t., the ordinary 
temperature of a room, 65°-8o° F. t.-sense. See 
sense, subnormal t., temperature below the 
normal, zero-t., that state in which there is in an 
end-organ no sensation of either warmth or cold. 
temple (tem'pl) [L. tern'pus; pl. tem'pora}. The 
lateral region of the head above the zygoma. 
Templin oil (tem'plin) [Templin in Prussia]. A 
volatile oil distilled from the cones of Pi'nus 
pumil'io. 
tempolabile (tem-po-la'bil) [L. tern'pus time -f- 
labilis unstable]. Becoming altered in course of 
time so as to lose hemolyzing power: said of sera. 
tempora (tem'po-rah) [L.]. The temples. 
temporal (tem'por-al) [L. tempora'lis]. Pertain- 
ing to a temple. 
temporalis (tem-por-a'lis) [L.]. See muscles, 
table of. 
temporo-auricular (tem"po-ro-aw-rik'u-lar). 
Pertaining to the temporal and auricular regions. 
temporocentral tract (tem"po-ro-sen'tral). See 
tract. 
temporocerebellar tract (tem"po-ro-ser-e-bel'- 
ar). See tract. temporofacial (tem"po-ro-fa'she-al). Pertaining 
to a temple and the face. See nerves, table of. 
temporofrontal tract (tem"po-ro-fron'tal). See 
tract. 
temporohyoid (tem"po-ro-hi'oid). Pertaining to 
the temporal and hyoid bones. 
temporomalar (tem"po-ro-ma'lar). Pertaining 
to the temporal and malar bones. 
temporomandibular (tem"po-ro-man-dib'u-lar). 
Pertaining to the temporal bone and the mandible. 
temporomaxillary (tem"po-ro-maks'il-a-re). Per- 
taining to the temporal bone, or region, and a 
maxilla (usually the upper). 
temporo-occipital (tem"po-ro-ok-sip'it-al). Per- 
taining to the temporal and occipital bones or 
regions. « 
temporoparietal (tem"po-ro-par-i'et-al). Per- 
taining to the temporal and parietal bones or re- 
gions. 
temporopontile (tem"po-ro-pon'tel). Pertaining 
to the temporal lobe and the pons. 
temporosphenoid (tem"po-ro-sfe'noid). Pertain- 
ing to the temporal and sphenoid bones; 
temporozygomatic (tem"po-ro-zi-go-mat'ik). Per- 
taining to a temple and a zygoma. 
tempostabile (tem-po-sta'bil) [L. tern'pus time + 
sta'bilis stable]. Not changing chemically in the 
course of time. 
Temp, sinist. Abbreviation for L. tem'pori sinis'- 
tro, to the left temple. 
temulence (tem'u-lens) [L. temulen' lia]. Drunk- 
enness; intoxication. 
tenacious (te'na-shus) [L. te'nax]. Holding fast; 
adhesive. 
tenacity (te-nas'it-e). Toughness; the condition 
of being tough, cellular t., the inherent tend- 
ency of all cells to persist in a given form or direc- 
tion of activity. 
tenaculum (ten-ak'u-lum) ]L.]. 1. A hook-like 
instrument for seizing and holding parts. 2. Any 
fibrous band for holding parts in their places, t. 
ten'dinum. Same as vinculum tendinum. 
tenalgia (ten-al'je-ah) [Gr. revov tendon 4- aXyos 
pain]. Pain in a tendon. 
tenalgin (ten-al'jin). A proprietary tapeworm 
remedy prepared from the areca-nut. 
tenalin (ten'al-in). A powerful and highly toxic 
vermifuge derived from the areca-nut. 
tenax (te'naks) [L. tena'cious]. An oakum specially 
prepared for surgical dressings. 
tenderness (ten'der-nes). Abnormal cutaneous 
sensitiveness to the touch, pencil t., local ten- 
derness on pressure with the rubber tip of a pencil. 
tendinitis (ten-din-i'tis). Same as tenonitis, t. of 
horse, inflammation of the flexor tendons, due to 
strain or wrenching, and causing great tenderness 
and lameness. 
tendinoplasty (ten'din-o-plas-te) [L. ten'do ten- 
don + Gr. TcXatraecv to mold]. The plastic sur- 
gery of the tendons. 
tendinosus (ten-din-o'sus) [L.]. The semitendin- 
osus muscle. 
tendinosuture (ten"din-o-su'tur) [L. ten'do ten- 
don + sutu'ra sewing]. The saturation of a tendon. 
tendinotrochanteric ligament (ten"din-o-tro- 
kan-ter'ik). See ligament. 
tendinous (ten'din-us) [L. tendino'sus]. Pertain- 
ing to, resembling, or of the nature of a tendon, 
t. spot. See milk-spot, under spot. 
tendo (ten'do). Latin for tendon, t. achil'lis, 
the tendon of the soleus and gastrocnemius mus- 
cles, at the back of the heel. t. calca'neus [B N 
A], Same as t. achillis. t. cordifor'mis. See 
cordiform tendon, under tendon, t. oc'uli, t. 
palpebra'rum, the internal palpebral ligament; 
a structure which gives origin to the orbicularis 
palpebrarum muscles. 
TEMPOROFACIAL 
1110 
tendomucin (ten-do-mu'sin). A mucin derivable 
from tendons and nearly related to submaxillary 
mucin and to the colloid of cancers. 
tendomucoid (ten-do-mu'koid). Tendomucin. 
tendon (ten'dun) [L. ten'do], The fibrous cord of 
connective tissue in which the fibers of a muscle 
end and by which a muscle is attached to a bone 
or other structure. Achilles' t., the tendo 
achillis. back t. See back sinew, under sinew. 
t.-cartilage, the embryonic cartilage uniting ten- 
dons and bones. t.-cells, t.-corpuscles, 
flattened cells of connective tissue lying between 
the primary bundles of tendons, central t., 
conjoined t., the united tendons of the trans- 
versalis and internal oblique muscles going to the 
linea alba and pectineal line of the os pubis. 
Cooper's t., a semilunar extension of the anterior 
aponeurosis of the transversalis abdominis muscle, 
often extending to the deep crural arch, cordi- 
form t. of the diaphragm, a thin, tendinous 
aponeurosis of trefoil shape at the center of 
the vault of the diaphragm, just below the peri- 
cardium, with which it is blended. coro- 
nary t.'s, the fibrous rings which surround 
the arterial orifices of the heart. t.-graft- 
ing. i. The operation of supplying a defect 
in a tendon by grafting a piece taken from an- 
other tendon. 2. The operation of implanting 
a slip from the tendon of an unparalyzed muscle 
into that of a paralyzed muscle, so that the for- 
mer may serve to move the latter, hamstring 
t. See hamstring. heel-t., the tendo achil- 
lis. t.-jerk. See t.-reaction. kanga- 
roo-t., the prepared tendon from the tail of 
certain species of kangaroo: employed in sur- 
gery. for a thread in suturing and ligating parts, 
t.-ligature, a ligature consisting of strips of 
tendon of various animals, t.-reaction, t.- 
reflex, reflex contraction of a muscle induced by 
percussing its tendon. Called also tendon-jerk. 
riders' t., rupture of the adductor tendons of the 
thigh, t.-spindle, a variety of nerve-ending in 
tendons, consisting of an elongated, elliptic mass in 
the region of the junction of tendon and muscle, and 
pierced by two or more medullated nerve-fibers. 
Called also Golgi's corpuscle, superior t., a 
structure which gives origin to the superior rec- 
tus, external rectus, and the upper part of the 
internal rectus of the eye. t.-suture, the sutur- 
ing together of divided ends of tendons, tre- 
foil t., cordiform tendon, t. of Zinn. Same 
as zonule of Zinn. 
tendophony (ten-dof'o-ne). See tenophony. 
tendoplasty (ten'do-plas-te) [L. ten'do tendon + 
Gr. TrXaaaeu' to mold]. Plastic surgery of the 
tendons. 
tendosynovitis (ten"do-sin-o-vi'tis). Same as 
tendovaginitis. 
tendotome (ten'do-tom). Same as tenotome. 
tendotomy (ten-dot'o-me). Same as tenotomy. 
tendovaginal (ten-do-vaj'in-al) [L. ten'do tendon 
+ vagi'na sheath]. Pertaining to a tendon and 
its sheath. 
tendovaginitis (ten"do-vaj-in-i'tis). 1. Inflamma- 
tion of a tendon and its sheath. 2. Inflammation 
of a tendon sheath, t. acu'ta purulen'ta, 
tendovaginitis with pus formation, t. crep'- 
itans, a form accompanied by a crackling sound 
or movement t. granulo'sa, tuberculosis of 
tendon-sheaths, which become filled with granula- 
tion tissue t. hypertroph'ica, a condition 
marked by swellings along the tendons and their 
sheaths, t. sero sa chron'ica, tendovaginitis 
with serous effusion, t. sten'osans, a painful 
condition of the wrist, marked by thickening and 
narrowing of the tendon sheath of the extensor 
brevis and abductor longus pollicis (De Quervain). 
tenectomy (ten-ek'to-me). Same as tenonectomy. 
tenesmic (ten-ez'mik). Pertaining to or of the na- 
ture of tenesmus. 
TENESMIC tenesmus (ten-es'mus) [L.; Gr. retpeapos]. Strain- 
ing; especially ineffectual and painful straining 
at stool or in urination, rectal t., painful, long- 
continued, and ineffective straining at stool, 
vesical t., that which sometimes accompanies 
urination. 
tenia (te'ne-ah). See Tania. 
teniacide (te'ne-as-id) [L. ta'nia tapeworm 4- 
ca'dere to kill], i. An agent that destroys tape- 
worms. 2. Destructive to tapeworms. 
teniafuge (te'ne-af-uj) [L. ta'nia tapeworm 4" 
fuga're to expel], i. Expelling tapeworms. 2. An 
agent that expels tapeworms. 
tenial (te'ne-al). Pertaining to a tenia. 
teniasis, taeniasis (te-ni'as-is). The presence of 
tapeworms in the body, intestinal t., presence 
of tapeworms in the intestine, somatic t., the 
presence of the larvae of tapeworms in the muscles 
or organs of the body. 
tenicide (ten'is-id). Destructive to tapeworms. 
tenide (ten'id). A proprietary remedy for diabetes, 
teniform (ten'if-orm). Tenioid. 
tenifugal (te-nif'u-gal). Expelling tapeworms. 
tenifuge (ten'if-uj). Teniafuge. 
tenioid (te'ne-oid). Resembling a tenia, or tape- 
worm. 
teniol (te'ne-ol). A proprietary vernifuge and para- 
siticide containing sebirol, dithymol salicylate, 
oil of turpentine, and castor oil. 
teniola (te-ne'o-lah) [L. tani'ola ribbon]. A thin, 
grayish ridge which separates the striae of the 
floor of the fourth ventricle from the cochlear 
part of the acoustic nerve. Called also tani'ola 
cine'rea. 
teniotoxin (te"ne-o-toks'in). A poisonous principle 
occurring in tapeworms. 
tennis-elbow (ten"is-el'bo). Lameness of the 
elbow due to a strain incurred in playing lawn- 
tennis. 
tennysin (ten'is-in). An alkaloid or leukomain 
derivable from the brain substance. 
teno- [Gr. t'cpup tendon]. A prefix denoting some 
relation to a tendon. 
tenodesis (ten-od'e-sis) [Gr revcov tendon 4- Seats 
fixation]. Suturing of the proximal end of a tendon 
to the bone. 
tenodynia (ten-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. tcpup tendon 4- 
68wt) pain]. Pain in a tendon. 
tenomyoplasty (ten"o-mi'o-plas-te) [Gr. revuv 
tendon 4- pvs muscle 4- nXdaaetp to form]. A 
plastic operation involving tendon and muscle: 
applied especially to an operation for inguinal 
hernia. 
tenomyotomy (ten"o-mi-ot'o-me) [Gr. tcpup ten- 
don 4- pvs muscle 4- Top-q a cut]. Excision of a 
portion of tendon and muscle. 
Tenon's capsule, space, etc. (te'nonz) [Jacques 
Rene Tenon, French surgeon, 1724-1816]. See 
capsule, space, etc. 
tenonectomy (ten-on-ek'to-me) [Gr. repwp tendon 
4- eKTopi] excision]. Excision of a part of a tendon 
for the purpose of shortening it. 
tenonitis (ten-on-i'tis). 1. Same as tenontitis. 2. 
Inflammation of Tenon's capsule. 
tenonometer (ten-o-nom'et-er) [Gr. retvetv to 
stretch 4- perpop measure]. An apparatus for 
measuring intra-ocular tension. 
tenonostosis (ten"on-os-to'sis). Same as tenos- 
tosis. 
tenontagra (ten-on-ta'grah, ten-on'tag-rah) [Gr. 
repup tendon 4- ay pa seizure]. A gouty affection 
of the tendons. 
tenontitis (ten-on-ti'tis) [Gr. tcpup tendon 4- -trts 
inflammation]. Inflammation of a tendon, t. 
prolif'era calca'rea, inflammation of a tendon, 
with degeneration and the formation of calcareous 
matter. 
TENESMUS 
1111 
TENSION 
tenontodynia (ten"on-to-din'e-ah) [Gr. rep coo ten- 
don -|- odvri) pain]. Pain in the tendons. 
tenontography (ten-on-tog'ra-fe) [Gr. r&uv 
tendon + ypatpetv to record]. A written descrip- 
tion or delineation of the tendons. 
tenontolemmitis (ten-on"to-lem-i'tis) [Gr. tcpup 
tendon + Xeppa rind]. Same as tendosynovitis. 
tenontology (ten-on-tol'o-je) [Gr. raw tendon 4- 
Xdyos discourse]. The sum of what is known re- 
garding the tendons. 
tenontomyoplasty (ten-on"to-mi'o-plas-te). Ten- 
omyoplasty. 
tenontomyotomy (ten-on"to-mi-ot'o-me). Teno- 
myotomy. 
tenontophyma (ten-on-to-fi'mah) [Gr. t epcop tendon 
4* <pvpa growth]. A tumorous growth in a tendon. 
tenontoplasty (ten-on'to-plas-te). Same as teno- 
plasty. 
tenontothecitis (ten-on"to-the-si'tis) [Gr. r'evuv 
tendon 4- Ot/kt] sheath + -tris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of a tendon-sheath. 
tenontotomy (ten-on-tot'o-me). Same as tenotomy. 
tenophony (ten-of'o-ne) [Gr. revcov tendon + <pupf) 
sound]. An auscultatory sound supposed to be 
produced by the chordae tendineae. 
tenophyte (ten'o-fit) [Gr. revaiv tendon + pvrov 
growth]. A growth or concretion in a tendon. 
tenoplastic (ten-o-plas'tik). Of or relating to teno- 
plasty. 
tenoplasty (ten'o-plas-te) [Gr. revwv tendon 4- 
irXaaaetp to shape]. Plastic surgery of the ten- 
dons; operative repair of a defect in a tendon. 
tenorrhaphy (ten-or'a-fe) [Gr. reutov tendon 4- 
pa<pr) suture]. The union of a divided tendon by 
a suture. 
tenositis (ten-o-si'tis) [Gr. repwv tendon 4- -iris 
inflammation]. Inflammation of a tendon. 
tenostosis (ten-os-to'sis) [Gr. tcpup tendon 4- 
oareop bone]. Ossification of a tendon. 
tenosuture (ten-o-su'tur) [Gr. tcpwp tendon 4- L. 
sutu'ra suture]. Same as tenorrhaphy. 
tenosynitis (ten"o-sin-i'tis). Same as tenosyno- 
vitis. 
tenosynovitis (ten"o-sin-o-vi'tis) [Gr. repuv ten- 
don 4- synovia 4- Gr. -ins inflammation]. Same 
as tendovaginitis. 
tenotomania (ten"ot-o-ma'ne-ah) [tenotomy 4- 
Gr. pavla mania]. An unreasonable propensity 
to perform tenotomy. 
tenotome (ten'o-tom) [Gr. revcov tendon 4- reppetp 
to cut]. A cutting instrument used in performing 
tenotomy. 
tenotomist (ten-ot'o-mist). An expert in perform- 
ing tenotomy. 
tenotomize (ten-ot'o-miz). To perform tenotomy. 
tenotomy (ten-ot'o-me) [Gr. repwp tendon 4- 
reppetp to cut]. The cutting of a tendon as for 
strabismus or club-foot, curb t., the operation 
of cutting the muscle in squint and insertion of it 
further back on the globe of the eye. graduated 
t., the incomplete division of a tendon. 
tenovaginitis (ten"o-vaj-in-i'tis). Inflammation 
of a tendon-sheath. 
tense (tentz). Drawn tight; rigid. 
tensiometer (ten-se-om'et-er) [tension 4- Gr. 
per pop measure]. An apparatus for measuring the 
surface tension of liquids. 
tension (ten'shun) [L. ten'sio], i. The act of 
stretching. 2. The condition of being stretched 
or strained; the amount to. which anything is 
stretched or strained, arterial t., the strain on 
an artery at full pulse, electric t., electromo- 
tive force; that property of a gas by which it is 
enabled to overcome resistance, gaseous t., 
the elasticity of a gas, or its tendency to expand, 
intra-ocular t., the pressure of the fluids of the 
eye against the tunics. It is produced by the continual renewal of the fluids within the interior 
of the eye. Normal tension is indicated by the 
symbol Tn; and the signs T + 1, T + 2, T - 1, 
T - 2, etc., indicate degrees of increased or dimin- 
ished resistance, intravenous t., the strain of 
the blood-current upon the coats of a vein, mus- 
cular t., the condition of moderate contraction 
produced by stretching a muscle, normal t., 
the intra-ocular tension in a state of health and 
normal exercise, surface t., the tension or 
resistance to rupture possessed by the surface film 
of a liquid, t.-suture. See under suture. 
tissue-t., a state of equilibrium between tissues 
and cells which prevents overaction of any part. 
tensor (ten'sor) [L., stretcher or puller]. Any 
muscle that stretches or makes tense. See mus- 
cles, table of. 
tent (tent) [L. ten'la, tenta're to test or probe], A 
conic and expansible plug of soft material, as 
lint, gauze, etc., for dilating an orifice or for keep- 
ing a wound open, so as to prevent its healing ex- 
cept at the bottom, laminaria t., a tent made 
of sea-tangle, or laminaria, sponge t., a slender, 
cone-shaped piece of compressed sponge: used for 
dilating the os uteri, tupelo-t., one made of the 
wood of the root of the water-tupelo, a tree (Nys'sa 
uniflo'ra) of North America. 
tentacle (ten'tak-el). A slender whip-like organ in 
invertebrates for feeling or motion. 
tentative (ten'tat-iv). Experimental and subject 
to change. See under diagnosis. 
tenth-meter (tenth-me'ter). One ten-millionth of 
a millimeter. 
tenth nerve (tenth). The vagus, or pneumogas- 
tric, nerve. See nerves, table of. 
tentiginous (ten-tij'in-us). Characterized by 
maniacal lust. 
tentigo (ten-ti'go) [L.]. Morbid or insane lasciv- 
iousness. 
tentorial (ten-to're-al). Pertaining to the ten- 
torium. t. sinus, the straight sinus. 
tentorium (ten-to're-um) [L. tent]. The process 
of dura mater forming a partition between the 
cerebrum and cerebellum, and covering the upper 
surface of the cerebellum. Called also t. cerebelli 
[B N A], t. of the hypophysis, the double fold 
of dura mater covering the hypophysis. 
tentum (ten'tum). The penis. 
tephromalacia (tef"ro-mal-a'se-ah) [Gr. retppbs 
gray + paXaKia softening]. Softening of the gray 
matter of the brain or cord. 
tephromye litis (tef"ro-mi-el-i'tis) [Gr. re<ppbs gray 
pveXbs marrow + -ins inflammation]. Inflam- 
mation of the gray substance of the spinal cord. 
tephrosis (tef-ro'sis) [Gr. reippwais]. Incineration 
or incremation. 
tephrylometer (tef-ril-om'et-er) [Gr. re<ppa ashes 
+ uXt? matter + perpov measure]. A graduated 
glass tube for measuring the thickness of the gray 
matter of the brain. 
tepidarium (tep-id-a're-um) [L., from tep'idus 
lukewarm], A warm bath: more correctly, a place 
for a warm bath. 
tepid bath (tep'id). See bath. 
tepopote (tep-o-po'ta) [Amer. Ind.]. See teamster's 
tea, under tea. 
tepor (te'por) [L.]. Gentle heat. 
ter- [L. ter thrice]. A prefix meaning thrice, or 
threefold. 
terabdella (ter-ab-del'ah) [Gr. repetv to bore + 
fibkWa leech]. A form of mechanic leech. 
teras (ter'as), pl. ter'ata [L.; Gr. repas]. A monster; 
a congenitally malformed fetus. 
teratic (ter-at'ik) [Gr. reparuws]. Monstrous; 
having the characters of a monster. 
teratism (ter'at-izm) [Gr. reparcapa}. 1. A mon- 
strosity; any anomaly of formation. 2. A fetal 
monstrosity, acquired t., deformity resulting 
from accident or disease (not usually classed among 
TENSOR 
1112 
true teratisms). anacatadidymous t., teratic 
union of two fetuses at or near the waists and hips, 
there being two heads, four legs, and two sets of 
genital organs, anadidymous t., teratic fusion 
of two fetuses in such a manner that the mon- 
strosity is single above and double in the lower 
parts, atresic t., a closed or imperforate state of 
one or more natural openings, catadidymous 
t., teratic union of two fetuses in the lower parts of 
the body, there being two heads, four arms, and 
two legs, ceasmic t., the persistence after birth 
of embryonic fissures, ectogenic t., congenital 
absence or defect of parts, ectopic t., the ab- 
normal placement of parts or organs, hyper- 
genetic t., congenitally excessive size of partic- 
ular organisms or parts, symphysic t., the 
abnormal fusion of adjacent or contiguous parts. 
teratoblastoma (ter"at-o-blas-to'mah). A neo- 
plasm containing embryonic elements and differing 
from a teratoma in that its tissue does not repre- 
sent all the germinal layers. 
teratogenesis (ter"at-o-jen'is-is) [Gr. repas mon- 
ster + yeveacs production]. The development 
of a fetal monstrosity. 
teratogenic (ter"at-o-jen'ik). Tending to produce 
fetal monstrosity. 
teratogenous (ter-at-oj'en-us). Developed from 
fetal remains. 
teratogeny (ter-at-oj'en-e). Same as teratogenesis. 
teratoid (ter'at-oid) [Gr. repas monster + ei8os 
form]. Resembling a monster. 
teratologic, teratological (ter"at-o-loj'ik, ter"at- 
o-loj'ik-al). Pertaining to teratology. 
teratology (ter-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. repas monster + 
Xoyos discourse]. The sum of what is known 
regarding monsters; the science of monsters. 
teratoma (ter-at-o'mah), pl. terato'mata [Gr. repas 
monster + -upa tumor]. A tumor containing fetal 
remains congenitally derived, such as teeth, hair, 
etc. It is supposed to be due to the inclusion 
of an abortive fetus within one which develops 
normally, autochthonous t., a teratoma whose 
tissues do not necessarily imply that they were 
formed by the inclusion of another individual. 
teratomatous (ter-at'o-mat-us). Pertaining to, or 
of the nature of, teratoma. 
teratophobia (ter"at-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. repas mon- 
ster + <po(3os fear]. Morbid fear or aversion to 
monsters; a morbid expectation of giving birth 
to a teratism. 
teratosis (ter-at-o'sis) [Gr. repas monster]. Same 
as teratism. 
terbium (teffbe-um). A rare metallic element; 
symbol, Tb; atomic weight, 159.2. 
terchlorid (ter-klo'rid). A trichlorid; a com- 
pound containing three atoms of chlorin with 
one of another element. 
tere (te're). Latin for rub. 
terebene (ter'eb-en) [L. terebe'num, from terebin'- 
thus turpentine], A thin, yellowish, fragrant, 
liquid hydrocarbon, C10H16, soluble in alcohol, 
ether, etc., but only slightly soluble in water, 
obtained from oil of turpentine by the action of 
sulphuric acid. It is antiseptic and expectorant, 
and is used in catarrh, bronchitis, cystitis, fer- 
mentative dyspepsia, genito-urinary disease, and 
as an application to gangrenous wounds, etc. 
Dose, 5-20 min. (0.33-1.33 c.c.). t.-glycerin, a 
mixture of 4 parts of terebene, 7 parts of glycerin, 
and 1 part of water: used as an application for pur- 
ulent wounds. 
terebenthene (ter-e-ben'then). Oil of turpen- 
tine. » 
terebinth (ter'e-binth) [L. terebin'thus}. 1. The 
tree Pista'cia terebin'thus, which affords Chian 
turpentine. 2. Same as terebinthina. 
terebinthina (ter-e-bin'thin-ah). Latin for tur- 
pentine. 
terebinthinate (ter-e-bin'thin-at). Resembling 
or containing turpentine. 
TEREBI NTH I NATE terebinthinism (ter-e-bin'thin-izm). Poisoning 
with oil of turpentine. 
terebrachesis (ter-e-bra-ke'sis). The operation 
of shortening the round ligament.- 
ter ebrant, terebrating (ter'e-brant, ter'e-bra- 
ting) [L. ter* ebrans boring]. Of a boring or 
piercing quality. 
terebration (ter-e-bra'shun) [L. terebra'tio]. An 
act of boring or trephining. 
teres (te'rez) [L. for "long and round"]. 1. 
Round. 2. A cylindric muscle, t. ma'jor, t. 
mi'nor. See muscles, table of. 
teretipronator (te"re-te-pro-na'tor). The pro- 
nator radii teres muscle. 
teretiscapularis (te"re-te-skap-u-la'ris). The 
teres major muscle. 
tergal (ter'gal) [L. te/gum back]. Pertaining to 
the back or the dorsal surface. 
ter in die (ter in de'a). Latin for thrice in a 
day. 
tergolateral (ter-go-lat'er-al) [L. te/gum back + 
la'tus side]. Dorsolateral. 
term (term) [L. te/minus, from Gr. reppa]. 1. A 
limit or boundary. 2. A definite period. 3. Ges- 
tation at nine months. 
terma (ter'mah) [Gr. rep pa limit]. The lamina 
terminalis of the cerebrum. 
termatic (ter-mat'ik). Pertaining to the terma. 
See arteries, table of. 
terminad (ter'min-ad) [Gr. reppa limit + L. ad 
to]. In or toward a terminal situation. 
terminal (ter'min-al) [L. termina'lis]. Forming 
or pertaining to an end; placed at the end. 
termination (ter-min-a'shun) [L. terminaltio\. A 
limit; a terminus; a distal end; a cessation. 
terminol (ter'min-ol). A 5 per cent, copper citrate 
ointment: used in trachoma and other eye diseases. 
terminology (ter-min-ol'o-je) [L. ter'minus term 
4- Gr. Xbyos discourse]. Nomenclature; a system 
of I scientific or technic appellations; the science 
which deals with the investigation, arrangement, 
and construction of terms. 
terminus (ter'min-us). The end. 
terms (termz). An old name for menses. 
ternary (ter'na-re) [L. terna'rius]. 1. Third in 
order. 2. Made up of three distinct elements or 
radicals. 
ternitrate (ter-ni'trat). A trinitrate. 
teroxid (ter-oks'id) [L. ter thrice + oxid\. Same 
as trioxid. 
terpene (ter'pen). Any hydrocarbon of the 
formula C10H16. They are chiefly derivable from 
essential oils and resins, and differ somewhat in 
their physical properties. 
terpenism (te/pen-izm). Poisoning with terpene, 
terpin (ter'pin) [L. ter pi'num]. A product, CioHi8- 
(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on oil 
of turpentine and alcohol; turpentine camphor, 
t. hydrate, a bitter, colorless, crystalline com- 
pound, Ci0Hi8(HO)2 + H2O, soluble in 32 parts 
of hot or 250 parts of cold water, and in 10 parts 
of cold or 2 parts of boiling alcohol. It is used in 
hay-fever and whooping-cough. Dose, 20-30 gr. 
(0.13-2 gm), t. iodohydrate, chroatol. t. 
resorcinate. See odylis. 
terpineol (ter-pin'e-ol). A menthene alcohol, C10- 
H17OH, derived from terpin hydrate. 
terpinol (ter'pin-ol). An oily, fragrant liquid, 
(Ci0Hi6)2H2O, prepared by distilling terpene hy- 
drate with dilute sulphuric acid. It is soluble in 
ether and alcohol, but insoluble in water. Used in 
bronchial affections and as a perfume. Dose, 3-5 
gr. (0.104-0.333 gm.). 
terra (ter'ah). Latin for earth, t. al'ba, white 
clay: used as an absorbent, t. japon'ica [L. 
for " Japanese earth "], pale catechu, or gambir, 
t. lem'nia, Lemnian bole; a yellowish, ferrugin- 
TEREBINTHINISM 
1113 
ous clay. t. mer'ita, an old name for turmeric. 
t. pondero'sa, barium sulphate, or baryta, t. 
sigilla'ta [L. for "sealed earth" of ancient Lem- 
nos]. Armenian bole, sold in masses stamped with 
a seal. t. silic'ea puriflca'ta, purified silicious 
or infusorial earth; silicious earth, boiled, washed, 
and calcined. It is a fine gray powder and is used 
in certain pharmaceutical operations. 
terracing (ter'as-ing). Suturing in several rows or 
layers. 
terrain-cure (ter-ahn'kur). Treatment by moun- 
tain-climbing, regulation of diet, etc., for corpu- 
lence, neurasthenia, anemia, etc. 
terraline (ter'al-in). A proprietary preparation 
of petroleum: used like vaselin, and a proposed 
substitute for cod-liver oil. 
Terrillon's operation (ter-e-yawnz') [Octave 
Roch Terrillon, French surgeon, born 1844]. See 
operation. 
terrol (ter'ol). A petroleum-like substance, con- 
sisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, derived 
from the residue of petroleum distillation. It is 
used like cod-liver oil. 
terrole (ter'ol). A proprietary mineral-oil prep- 
aration for use in eye, ear, nose, and throat diseases. 
tersulphate (ter-sul'fat) [L. ter thrice + sulphate]. 
A sulphate that contains three molecules of 
sulphuric acid. 
tersulphid (ter-sul'fid). See trisulphid. 
tertian (ter'shun) [L. tertia'nus]. Recurring every 
second (third, fifth, seventh, etc.) day; noting 
a form of intermittent fever. Special forms of 
the malarial parasite characterize this fever, 
double t., an intermittent fever in which there 
are two sets of recurrences, each tertian, but 
differing somewhat in character. 
tertiarism (ter'she-a-rizm). The combined symp- 
toms of tertiary syphilis. 
tertiary (ter'she-a-re) [L. tertia'rius]. Third in 
order, t. syphilis. See syphilis. 
tertipara (ter-tip'ar-ah) [L. ter'tius third + par'- 
ere to bear]. A woman who has borne three 
children. 
teslaization (tes-la-iz-a'shun) [Nikola Tesla, a 
Servian electrician in New York, born 1857]. 
Treatment by Tesla's currents: arsonvalization. 
tessellated (tes'el-a-ted) [L. tessella'tus; tessel'la 
a square]. Divided into squares like a checker- 
board. 
test (test) [L. Ies'turn crucible]. 1. An examina- 
tion or trial. 2. A significant chemical reaction. 
3. A reagent, t.-glass, a small vessel of glass 
resembling a beaker: used in the chemic labo- 
ratory. t.-meal, a meal given for the purpose 
. of testing the digestive powers. Leube's t.-meal 
consists of 12 ounces of soup, 3 to 6 ounces of 
miiiced steak, 2 ounces of white bread, and 6 
ounces of water. Riegel's t.-meal consists of a 
plate of soup, 200 gm. of beefsteak, 50 gm. of 
mashed potatoes, and one roll. Salzer's t.-meals 
are two meals given four hours apart, the stomach 
contents being removed one hour after the last 
meal, when, if the stomach is normal, no remains 
of the first meal should be found. The first 
meal consists of soft-boiled eggs, cold roast beef, 
rice, and milk; the second, of stale bread and 
water, t.-object, a minute object for testing the 
power of a microscope, t.-paper, paper impreg- 
nated with litmus or other indicator, which is used 
to determine the presence or absence of certain 
substances in solutions, t.-solution, a standard 
solution of some chemic substance used in testing, 
t.-spoon, a small spoon with a spatula-like 
handle for taking up small quantities of a powder, 
etc., in chemic experiments, t.-tube, a tube of 
thin glass closed at one end: used for performing 
reactions in chemistry with a small quantity of 
the reagent, t.-types, printed words or letters 
in types of various sizes, employed by oculists to 
ascertain the acuteness of a person's vision. 
TEST TESTS 
A TABLE OF TESTS 
1114 
TESTS 
(For quantitative tests see under methodf) 
Abderhalden's t. See Abderhalden's reaction, 
under reaction. 
Abelen's t. {for salvarsan). See Abelen's reaction, 
under reaction. 
abortion t.; A reaction marked by rise of tempera- 
ture, loss of appetite, and diarrhea on the injection 
into animals infected with Bang's disease of abor- 
tin, an extract of Bacterium abortum. 
Abrams' t. (for lead in the urine): Add ammonium 
oxalate to urine (1 : fjo) and introduce metallic 
magnesium (wire or rod). Lead is precipitated 
on the magnesium, and can be identified by 
warming with a fragment of iodin (yellow lead 
iodid), or dissolving in nitric acid and applying 
other reagents. 
acetanilid t. See Yvon's t. 
acetic acid t. (for albumin in urine): A few drops 
of acetic acid are added to the boiled urine, when 
a white precipitate is formed. 
acetic acid and potassium ferrocyanid t. 
(for proteins): Acidify the unknown with acetic 
acid and add a few drops of potassium ferrocyanid. 
Protein produces a white flocculent precipitate. 
aceto-acetic t. See Arnold's t., Harding and Rut- 
tan's t., Hurtley's t., Lindeman's t., and Nobel's t. 
.acetone t.: A test for the presence of acetone in the 
urine made by adding a few drops of sodium nitro- 
prussid, shaking, and pouring over the mixture 
stronger ammonia-water: a magenta-colored line 
is formed over the area of contact if acetone is 
present. See Bayer's t., Braun's t., Chautard's t., 
Denige's t.. Frommer's t., Gerhardt's t.. Gunning's t., 
Gunning-Lieben's t., iodoform t., Jaffe's t., Lange's 
t., Legal's t., Lieben's I., Lieben-Ralfe's t., Malerba's 
t., Nobel's t., Penzoldt's t., Ralfe's t., Reynold's t., 
Rothera's t., Stock's t., salicyl-aldehyd t. 
acetonitril t. (for hyperthyroidism): The blood of 
such patients increases the resistance of mice to 
poisoning by acetonitril and morphin. 
A.chard and Castaigne 's t. See methylene-blue t. 
Acree-Rosenheim t. (for proteins): A few drops 
of formaldehyd solution (1 : 5000) are placed in 
a solution of the suspected matter. A little con- 
centrated sulphuric acid is slowly placed in the 
test-tube so that the solutions do not mix. At 
the line of contact a violet color appears if proteins 
are present. 
acrolein t. (for glycerol and fats): Heat the sub- 
stance with an equal quantity of potassium acid 
sulphate and note the peculiar penetrating odor of 
acrolein. 
Adamkiewicz's t. (for proteins): Add the substance 
to a mixture of 1 volume of strong sulphuric acid 
and 2 volumes of glacial acetic acid and heat it. 
A reddish-violet color shows the presence of 
proteins. 
Adams' t. (for fat in milk): Dry a known quantity 
of milk on filter-paper, extract in Soxhlet's appa- 
ratus, dry to constant weight, and weigh. 
Adler's benzidin t. See benzidin t. 
adrenalin t. See Meyer's t. (1). 
agglutination t.: A test based on the fact that 
specific agglutinins are formed in the blood-serum 
of infected individuals, which will produce aggluti- 
nation of the specific bacteria of the infection. 
Cf. Widal's test, under test, and serum-diagnosis, 
under diagnosis. 
Agostini's t. (for glucose): Mix 5 drops of the 
urine with 5 drops of a 0.5 per cent, solution of 
gold chlorid and 3 drops of a 20 per cent, solu- 
tion of potassa, and warm the mixture; glucose 
will give a red tint. 
Albarran's t. (for renal inadequacy): A test for the 
renal function based upon the principle that the 
greater the destruction of epithelium in the kidney, 
the less likely is that organ to respond by an in- 
crease in secretion after the administration of 
quantities of water. Called also polyuria lest. 
albumin t. See acetic acid t., Almen's t., Alper's t., 
Axenjeld's t., Barrel's t., Blum's t., Boedeker's t., 
Boston's t., Carrez's t., Cohen's t., Esbach's t., Fiir- 
bringer's t., Geissler's t., Heller's t., Heynsius' t., 
Hindenlang's t, Ilimow's t., Johnson's t., Lessilur- 
Prirey's t., MacWilliams' t., Mehu's t., Millard's 
t., Oliver's t., Parnum's t., Polacci's t., Posner's t., 
Raabe's t., Rees' t., Reach's t., Riegler's t., Roberts' 
t., Spiegler's t., Tanret's t., Tidy's t., Ulrich's t., 
Zouchlos't. See also protein t. 
alcohol t. See Anstie's t., Woodbury's t. 
aldehyd t. See Pollen's t. 
Alfraise's t. (for iodin): A reagent consisting of i 
drop of hydrochloric acid in 100 parts of water, 
i of starch, and i of potassium nitrate. This is 
boiled, and i drop of the reagent is added to the 
liquid that is being tested, when a blue color will 
be produced if iodin be present. 
alkali t. See Bachmeier's t., Degner's t. 
alkaloid t. See Arnold's t., Bouchardat's t., Erd- 
man's t., Froehde's t., Frohn's t., Mayer's t., Bitali's 
t., Winckler's t. 
Allen's t.: i. (For glucose in the urine.) Made 
by adding urine to boiling Fehling's solution, 
and allowing it to cool, when turbidity will 
be seen if glucose be present. 2. {For phenol.) 
To 2 drops of the suspected liquid add 5 drops 
of hydrochloric acid and 1 of nitric acid. Phenol, 
if present, will produce a cherry-red color. 3. 
{For strychnin.) Extract with ether, concen- 
trate by letting fall drops into a warmed porce- 
lain capsule, cool the residue, and treat with sul- 
phuric acid and manganese peroxid. Strychnin 
gives a violet color. 4. {For tinea versicolor): 
Lugol's solution of iodin is applied to the sus- 
pected eruption: a dark mahogany stain will be 
produced if the eruption is tinea. 
Allesandri-Guaceni t. {for nitric acid; nitrates)'. 
Dissolve a few drops of phenol in hydrochloric 
acid by heating twelve hours on a water-bath. 
Heat 10 drops of the reagent with the dry residue of 
suspected liquid on the water-bath. Nitric acid 
or nitrates give an intense violet color, changed 
by ammonia to green. 
Almen's t.: 1. {For albumin in urine.) One 
part of a reagent consisting of a 2 per cent, so- 
lution of tannin in dilute alcohol is added to 6 
parts of the urine: a cloudiness is produced when 
albumin is present. 2. (For blood or blood-pig- 
ment} Shake the suspected liquid with a 
mixture of equal parts of tincture of guaiacum 
and oil of turpentine: blood-pigment, if present, 
will turn the mixture blue. 3. (For glucose.) 
Heat the liquid with bismuth subnitrate dissolved 
in caustic soda and Rochelle salt: glucose will 
cause the mixture to become dark brown or 
nearly black, and to deposit a black precipitate. 
aloin t. See Rossel's aloin t. 
Alper's t. (for albumin in the urine): Acidulate 
the urine with hydrochloric acid, and add equal 
volumes of a 1 per cent, mercury succinimid solu- 
tion: a white cloudiness forms. 
alphanaphthol t. See Molisch test (2). 
Amann's t. {for indican in urine): To 20 c.c. of 
urine are added a few drops of pure sulphuric acid, 
5 c.c. of chloroform, and then 5 c.c. of a 10 per cent, 
solution of sodium pyrosulphate. They are mixed 
gently for several minutes. The chloroform is 
then allowed to settle and will be colored blue by 
the indigo. 
amino-acid nitrogen t. See Harding and 
McLean's t., ninhydrin t. 
ammonia t. See Brown's t., Nessler's t., Ronchesi's t. Anderson's t. (to distinguish pyridin chloroplatin- 
ate from quinolin chloroplatinate): Boil the salt 
in water; the pyridin salt becomes an insoluble 
double salt, and gives off hydrogen chlorid; but 
the pyridin salt remains in solution. 
Anderson and Goldberger's t. (for typhus fever): 
The patient's blood is injected into the peritoneal 
cavity of guinea-pigs, when, if the disease be typhus, 
a typical temperature curve will be obtained. 
Andre's t. (for quinin): Chlorin and ammonia 
produce a green color, changing to blue on satu- 
ration with acid. Excess of acid changes the color 
to violet or bright red, but ammonia again turns 
it green. 
Andreasch's t. (for cystein): Dissolve the sub- 
stance in hydrochloric acid, and add a few drops 
of a dilute solution of ferric chlorid and a little 
ammonia. Cystein causes the liquid toe assume 
a dark purplish tint. 
Anstie's t. (for alcohol in the urine): A reagent 
consisting of a solution of potassium dichromate, 
1, in concentrated sulphuric acid, 300, is added 
by drops. An emerald-green color signifies the 
presence of alcohol in toxic quantity. 
antimony t. See Marsch's t. 
antipyrin. See Fieux's t. 
antitrypsin t.: A test based on the power of the 
blood-serum to inhibit the action of trypsin. The 
antitryptic power of the blood-serum is increased 
in carcinoma, nephritis, pregnancy, etc. Called 
Bergmann-Meyer test. 
apomorphin t. See Bedson's t. 
Archetti's t. (for caffein): Heat a solution of 
potassioferric cyanid with half its volume of ni- 
tric acid to boiling, then dilute with water. The 
reagent gives a precipitate of Prussian blue with 
caffein (uric acid does also). 
Arnold's t.: 1. (For aceto-acetic acid in urine.) a. 
Dissolve 1 gm. of para-amido-acetophenone in 80 
to 100 c.c. water by shaking and adding hydro- 
chloric acid by drops, then add more concentrated 
acid until the solution is colorless, b. Dissolve 1 
gm. sodium nitrite in 100 c.c. distilled water. Just 
before using mix 2 parts a with 1 part b, add an 
equal volume of urine, and 2 or 3 drops concen- 
trated ammonia water: an intense brownish-red 
color develops. Now add 1 volume of this 
colored urine to 10 to 12 volumes of concentrated 
hydrochloric acid, 2 to 4 drops of ferric chlorid, 
and 3 c.c. of chloroform, a beautiful purplish- 
violet color develops in the chloroform if aceto- 
acetic acid be present. Strongly colored urine 
should first be decolorized with animal charcoal. 
2. (Alkaloidal tests.) a. Some alkaloids heated on 
the water-bath with syrupy phosphoric acid ob- 
tained by dissolving metaphosphoric acid or phos- 
phoric acid anhydrid in phosphoric acid yield 
characteristic color reactions: aconitin, violet; 
nicotin, yellow; coniin, green, b. Triturated with 
concentrated sulphuric acid, many alkaloids yield 
characteristic color reactions upon adding 30 to 40 
per cent, alcoholic (in some instances aqueous) 
potassa solution. 
arsenic t. See Bettendorf ' s t., Bettmann's t., Fleit- 
mann's t., Gutzeit's t., Marsh's t., Reinsch's t. 
Aschner's t. See Aschner's phenomenon, under 
phenomenon. 
Ascoli's t. See miostagmin reaction under reaction. 
association t.: A test based on associative reaction. 
It is usually performed by mentioning words to 
a patient and noting what other words the patient 
will give as the ones called up in his mind. The 
reaction time consumed is also noted. 
Atkinson and Kendall's t. (for blood): A modi- 
fied form of Teichmann's test. 
atropin t.: 1. See Dehio's t. and Reuss's t. 2. (For 
typhoid infections.) The patient is given atropin 
X gr. (0.002 gm.) hypodermically at least one hour 
after eating and while in the prone position. The 
TESTS 
1115 
pulse is counted minute by minute one-half hour 
after the injection. Normally there should be a 
rise of at least 15 beats per minute over the rate 
preceding the administration of the drug. This 
increased rate is absent in typhoid infection. 
Called also Norris' t. 
auto-urine t. (for tuberculosis')-. Into the super- 
ficial layers of the patient's skin is injected 0.05 c.c. 
of the patient's own urine. If the patient is actively 
tuberculous a local reaction develops which con- 
sists of a palpable lump of infiltration. Called also 
Wildbolz's t. 
Axenf eld's t. (for albumin in urine)-. Acidulate 
the urine with formic acid, and drop by drop add 
a 0.1 per cent, solution of gold chlorid. On 
warming, albumin, if present, will produce a red 
tint, which more of the gold chlorid will turn to 
a blue. Many other substances will produce 
the blue tint, but not the red. 
Babcock's t. (for fat in milk)-. To 10 c.c. of milk 
add 2 c.c. of a mixture of amyl alcohol 37 parts, 
methyl alcohol, 13 parts, and hydrocholric acid 50 
parts; fill to the neck with concentrated sulphuric 
acid, centrifugalize, and read the amount of sepa- 
rated fat on the neck. 
Babinski's t. See Babinski's sign, under sign. 
Babinski-Weil t.: The patient is made to walk 
with his eyes shut forward and backward ten times 
in a clear space. A person with labyrinthine dis- 
ease deviates from the straight path, bends to one 
side when walking forward and to the other side 
when walking backward. 
Bachmeier's t. (for alkalis): Tannin solution 
produces a red to reddish-brown color, changing 
to dirty green. 
Baeyer's t.: 1. (For glucose.) Boil the liquid 
with orthonitrophenylpropiolic acid and sodium 
carbonate: if glucose is present, indigo is formed; 
but an excess of glucose will destroy the blue 
tint by forming white indigo. 2. (For indolf 
The suspected substance is dissolved in water, 
acidulated with 2 or 3 drops of fuming nitric 
acid; a 2 per cent, solution added drop by drop 
produces a red color and then a red deposit of 
nitrosoindol nitrate. 
Balfour's t.: The ascertainment of whether the 
heart is still active in cases of apparent death 
by inserting pins bearing paper streamers into 
the skin over the heart. Movement of the heart 
muscles will be shown by movement of the papers. 
Barany's t. See Barany's symptom, under symptom. 
Barany's pointing t.: "Barany believes that in 
the cerebellar cortex there exists definite centers, 
the functional preservation of which has to do with 
the individual's ability to move the various joints 
correctly in certain places without the aid of sight. 
For each joint there are separate centers exerting 
stimuli in different directions. When one of these 
centers is destroyed or its function suppressed, the 
joint involved falls under the control of the oppos- 
ing intact center, and when the patient is blind- 
folded and the pointing accuracy tested, the 
affected limb deviates in the direction opposite to 
that of the tonus of the destroyed or suppressed 
center. This is called spontaneous deviation. 
Normally, irritation of either vestibular apparatus 
-for instance, by the caloric test-causes devia- 
tion of both arms in the direction opposite to the 
induced vestibular nystagmus. This is called the 
normal vestibular reaction. In the case of a cere- 
bellar lesion giving rise to a spontaneous outward 
deviation, as of shoulder- or wrist-joint, appropri- 
ate vestibular irritation results in the normal devia- 
tion, or reaction, in the arm or wrist corresponding 
to the sound cerebellar hemisphere, but is without 
influence on the arm or wrist corresponding to the 
cerebellar lesion" (Jour. A. M. A.). 
Barberio's t. (for semen): To a drop of seminal 
fluid on a glass slide | drop of saturated aqueous 
solution of picric acid is added, when a precipitate 
TESTS of yellow, strongly refractive, needle-shaped crystals 
is formed. 
Bardach's t. (for protein): A test dependent on 
the fact that, in the presence of protein, acetone and 
iodopotassium iodid and alkali react to yield 
canary-yellow needles instead of the usual hexago- 
nal crystals of iodoform. 
Bareggi's t. (for typhoid fever): The clot formed in 
the blood of typhoid patients after twenty-four 
hours is watery and soft, with only a small amount 
of separated serum. 
Barfoed's t. (for monosaccharides): Boil 5 c.c. of 
Barfoed's solution (dissolve 4.5 gm. of neutral 
crystallized copper acetate and 1.2 c.c. of 50 per 
cent, acetic acid in 100 c.c. of water) and add the 
unknown slowly and with boiling. Monosac- 
charids reduce this mixture (formation of a red 
precipitate), while disaccharids do so only very 
slowly if at all, and so can be distinguished from the 
former. 
Barral's t. (for albumin and biliary pigments): 
Overlay the urine with a 20 per cent, solution of 
sozolic acid: a white ring develops at the con- 
tact-point if albumin be present; a green ring if 
biliary pigments be present. 
Basham's t. (for bile-pigment): The liquid is 
shaken with chloroform, evaporated, and a drop 
of nitric acid added, when a play of bright colors 
is produced, finally becoming a fine red. 
Bass-Watkin t. (for typhoid fever): A modification 
of the Widal test, consisting in the use of a very 
concentrated suspension of dead typhoid bacilli 
and a correspondingly concentrated dilution of the 
patient's blood to be tested. 
Bauer t.: 1. A modification of the Wassermann 
test by relying entirely on the antisheep ambo- 
' ceptor present in the patient's serum. 2. A test 
of carbohydrate tolerance of the liver, performed 
by administering 30 gm. of galactose, the urine 
being tested later for galactose by means of Feh- 
ling's solution. 3. (For milk): To 2 c.c. of milk 
add 1 drop of 0.25 per cent, aqueous solution of 
Nile-blue sulphate. The blue color can be ex- 
tracted from human milk, but not from cow's 
milk by means of ether. 
Baumann's t. (for dextrose): To a watery solu- 
tion of the substance add benzoyl chlorid and 
an excess of sodium hydroxid, and shake until the 
odor of benzoyl chlorid disappears and a pre- 
cipitate of the benzoic-acid ester of dextrose is 
formed. 
Baumann and Goldmann's t. (for cystin): A 
solution containing the cystin is shaken with 
caustic soda and benzoyl chlorid: a voluminous 
precipitate is formed, composed of benzoyl cystin. 
Bayer's t. (for acetone in the urine): Equal vol- 
umes of urine and nitrobenzenaldehyd are mixed 
with alkaline water: acetone turns it to an in- 
digo-blue tint. 
Bayrac's t. (for uric acid in urine): Evaporate 
50 c.c. urine to dryness on the water-bath, treat 
residue with hydrochloric acid (1 : 5), wash with 
alcohol, dissolve in 20 drops of sodium-hydroxid 
solution heated to 900 or ioo° C. on water-bath, 
and decompose with sodium hypobromite in the 
apparatus for determining urea. Each 1 c.c. 
nitrogen at ordinary temperature equals 0.00357 
gm. uric acid. 
bead t. (for digestive function): In a gelatinous 
capsule the patient is given beads with various 
food-substances attached. The feces are examined 
until all the beads are recovered, and the condition 
of the digestion is determined by the rapidity 
with which the beads are passed and by whether 
or not the attached food has been properly digested. 
Becker's t. 1. (for picrotoxin): Fehling's solu- 
tion is added and the mixture is warmed: if the 
alkaloid be present, the solution is reduced. 2. 
(for astigmatism): The patient looks at a test 
card containing lines radiating in sets of three and 
points out which seem blurred. 
TESTS 
1116 
Bedson's t. (for apomorphin)-. On boiling mor- 
phin solution containing apomorphin with potas- 
sium hydroxid a brown color develops. 
Bell's t.: i. (For percentage of free hydrochloric acid 
in stomach-contents.) Filter the contents, and to 4 
c.c. add drop by drop a solution of dimethyl- 
amido-azobenzol until the pink color ceases to 
grow darker. Compare with Bell's color scale for 
percentage. 2. {For alum in flour or bread) Fresh 
5 per cent, logwood tincture in methylated spirit. 
Moisten 10 gm. flour with water, then add 1 c.c. 
tincture and an equal quantity saturated ammo- 
nium-carbonate solution. Sample, if pure, gives 
pinkish color, gradually fading to buS or brown. 
If alum is present, a lavender or bluish tint is 
formed, becoming more marked on drying. 
belt t. {for entero ptosis)-. The lower abdomen of 
the patient is encircled by both hands and lifted 
up. The patient will experience a sensation of 
relief if enteroptosis is present. 
Benedict's t. 1. {for glucose): 173 gr. of sodium 
or potassium citrate and 200 gr. crystallized sodium 
carbonate are dissolved in 800 c.c of boiling water. 
This is cooled and filtered and 17.3 gr. copper sul- 
phate dissolved in 100 c.c. of water are added and 
the whole diluted to make 1 liter. To 5 c.c. of this 
reagent, in a test-tube, 8 or 10 drops of the solution 
to be tested are added. Boil for one or two min- 
utes and allow to cool slowly. If glucose is present 
the solution will be filled with a precipitate red, 
yellow, or green in color. 2. {For urea): The urea 
is hydrolyzed to ammonium carbonate by KHSO4 
and ZUSO4, made alkaline and distilled as usual. 
A bubbling sound heard on auscultation of the 
stomach after the administration of sodium bicar- 
bonate points to the presence of hydrochloric acid. 
Benedict and Denis' t. (for total sulphur in urine): 
See Benedict and Denis' method, under method. 
Benedict and Murlin's t. {for amino-acid ni- 
trogen in urine). See Benedict and Murlin's method, 
under method. 
benzidine t. (for blood): To a saturated solution of 
benzidine in glacial acetic acid add an equal 
volume of 3 per cent, hydrogen peroxid and 1 c.c. 
of the unknown. A blue color indicates blood. 
benzoin t. (for cerebrospinal syphilis): When a 
colloidal solution of benzoin resin is added to 
syphilitic cerebrospinal fluid, flocculation or pre- 
cipitation occurs. 
Bergmann-Meyer t. Same as antitrypsin I. 
Berthelot's t. (for phenol): An ammoniacal so- 
lution of phenol treated with sodium hypochlo- 
rite takes on a fine blue color. 
Bertoni-Raymondi t. (for nitrous acid in blood): 
Dialyze, evaporate the dialysate to dryness, take 
up with hot alcohol, and add starch paste and 
potassium iodid: a blue color develops. 
Bertrand's t. (for glucose): Boil the upknown with 
an excess of Fehling's solution, fitter out the 
cuprous oxid, dissolve in an acid solution of ferric 
sulphate, and titrate with potassium permanganate. 
beta-hydroxy butyric acid t. See Black's t., 
Hart's t., Kultz's t. 
Bettendorff's t. (for arsenic): The liquid to be 
tested is mixed with hydrochloric acid; a freshly 
prepared solution of stannous chlorid is added, 
and a bit of tinfoil is put into it, when a brown 
color or precipitate is formed. 
Bettmann's t. Same as Bettendorff's t. 
Bial's t. (for pentose in urine): Make a reagent con- 
sisting of 500 c.c. of 30 per cent, hydrochloric acid, 
1 gm. of orcin, and 25 drops liquor ferri sesquichlor- 
atis (G. Ph.). Five c.c. of this reagent are boiled in 
a test-tube, and after removal from the flame, 
several drops of urine are added. A green color 
appearing at once indicates pentose. 
bile acid t. See Bischof's t., Preschsel's t., Francis' 
t., Hay's t., Mylius't., Neukomm's t., Oliver's t. (4), 
Pettenkoffer's t., Strassburg's t., Tyson's t., Udr&n- 
sky's t. 
TESTS TESTS 
1117 
TESTS 
bile pigment t. See Barral's t., Basham's t., 
Bonanno's t., Capranica's t., Cunisset's t., Dragen- 
dorff's t., Dumontpallier's t., Fleischl's t., Gerhardt's 
t., Gluzinski's t., Gmelin's t., Hammarstein's t., 
Huppert's t., Hupert-Cole's t., Jolie's t., Krokie- 
' wicz's t., Le Noble's t., Marechal's t., Masset's t., 
Nobel's t., Quinlan's I., Rosenbach-Gmelen's t., 
Salkowski-Schipper's t., Schmidt's t., sand t., 
Smith's t., Stokvis' t., Trousseau's t., Ultzmann's t., 
Vitali's t. 
bilirubin t. See Schmidt's t. 
Binet's t.: A method of testing the mental capacity 
of children and youth by asking a series of questions 
adapted to the capacity of normal children at 
various ages. According to the answers given the 
mental capacity of the subject is ascertained. 
Binet-Simon t. Same as Binet's t. 
Bing's entotic t.: When words are not audible 
through an ear trumpet as ordinarily applied, 
but may be heard when spoken into a trumpet 
joined to a catheter in the eustachian tube, it 
is probable that there is a lesion of the incus or 
malleus. 
Binz's t. (for quinin in urine): The reagent con- 
sists of 2 parts iodin, 1 part potassium iodid, and 
40 parts water. 
biologic t. See serum t. 
Bischoff's t. (for biliary acids): Heated with di- 
luted sulphuric acid and cane-sugar these yield 
a red color. 
biuret t.: 1. (For proteins} To the unknown solu- 
tion add strong potassium hydroxid solution and 
then a few drops of very dilute copper sulphate 
solution. A pinkish-violet color indicates proteins. 
2. (For urea} Melt the substance in a dry test- 
tube and heat it, then cool, and dissolve in water; 
add caustic soda, and mix drop by drop a dilute 
solution of copper sulphate: a pink and finally a 
bluish color is produced. 
Black's t. (for beta-oxybutyric acid): Evaporate 
50 c.c. of urine in a small dish to about one-fourth; 
acidify with a few drops of hydrochloric acid and 
add plaster of Paris to a thick paste. When the 
mass begins to harden, break it up into a meal; 
add 30 c.c. of ether and mix. Draw the clear 
ether into an evaporating dish; evaporate over a 
water-bath and dissolve the residue in 10 c.c. of 
water. Neutralize with an excess of dry barium 
carbonate; pour into a test-tube, add a few drops 
of hydrogen peroxid and 5 drops of 10 per cent, 
ferric chlorid. A red color indicates beta-oxybutyric 
acid. 
blister t. (for infectious disease): A blister is raised 
on the skin and its contents examined. If the pro- 
portion of eosinophils present is less than 25 per 
cent., infectious disease is probable. Called also 
Roger-Josue t. 
Block-Steiger t.: A test for simulated deafness 
based on the fact that if two tuning-forks, vibrat- 
ing in unison, but one struck stronger than the 
other, be held before the two ears of a person with 
normal hearing, the louder fork only will be heard, 
blood t. See Adler's t., Almen's t., aloin's t., aloin- 
turpentine t., Atkinson and Kendall's t., benzidin t., 
Bremer's t., Cowie's t., Day's t., Deen's t., Donog- 
any's t., Einhorn's t., Fleig's t., Heller's t., hematein 
t., hydrogen dioxid t., Robert's t., Ludendorff's t., 
Lyle and Curtman's t., Meyer's t., Nippe's t., ortho- 
tolidin t., phenolphthalein t., pineapple t., Rose's t., 
Rosenthal's t., Rossel's t., Ruttan and Hardisty's t., 
sand t., Schalfijew's t., Schoenbein's t., Schumm's t., 
serum t., Stake's t., Struve's t., Taylor's t., Teichman's 
t., Weber's t., Williamson's t., Valenta's t., von 
Zeynek and Nencki's t. 
Bloor's t. (for fat): The protein is precipitated, the 
fat is saponified, and the amount determined 
nephelometrically. 
Bloxham's t. (for urea): If a nitrate is present, add 
a few drops of an ammonium-chlorid solution; 
if absent, acidulate with hydrochloric acid. Evap- 
orate to dryness in a watch-glass, and heat cau- 
tiously as long as thick, white fumes evolve. Dis- 
solve the residue in a drop or two of ammonia, 
add a drop of barium-chlorid solution, and stir. 
If urea is present, a crystalline streak of barium 
cyanurate will form in the track of the rod. 
Blum's t. (for albumin): Dissolve 0.03 to 0.05 gm. 
manganous chlorid in a little water; acidulate 
with hydrochloric acid, and treat with 100 c.c. 10 
per cent, solution sodium metaphosphate. Then 
add lead oxid a little at a time; let the liquid 
settle, and filter. Resulting pink solution of 
manganic metaphosphate detects albumin in 
urine. Place reagent in a test-tube and filter 
urine into it. 
Blythe's t. (for lead in drinking-water): A little 
alcoholic tincture of cochineal makes a precipitate 
with it. 
Boas' t.: 1. (For atony of the bowels} The colon 
is unloaded and injected with water; the quan- 
tity of water necessary to elicit a spl shing sound 
on succussion is noted as a measure of the de- 
gree of atony. 2. (For hydrochloric acid in the 
stomach-contents} Dissolve 5 gm. of resorcinol and 
5 gm. of sugar in 100 c.c. of dilute alcohol. A 
thin layer of this reagent is warmed upon a por- 
celain dish. If a glass rod is dipped in this layer 
and touched to a drop of the filtered stomach- 
liquid, a scarlet streak is formed. Called also 
resorcinol t. 3. (For free hydrochloric acid in the 
stomach-contents} Resublimed resorcinol, 5 parts; 
cane-sugar, 3 parts; 94 per cent, alcohol, to make 100 
parts; boil the fluid with the reagent: free hydro- 
chloric acid will give a transient rose-red mirror. 
4. (For lactic acid} Test for lactic acid in gastric 
juice depends on oxidation of the acid to aldehyd 
and formic acid by action of sulphuric acid and 
manganese. The aldehyd is detected by addition 
of Nessler's reagent or by formation of iodoform 
when iodin solution is added. 5. Same as chloro- 
phyl t. 
Bodal's t.: Test of color perception by the use of 
colored blocks. 
Boedeker's t. (for albumin): The liquid is treated 
with acetic acid, and potassium ferrocyanid in 
solution is added drop by drop: albumin will 
form a white precipitate. 
Bohmansson's t. (for glucose): To 10 c.c. of the 
urine add 2 c.c. of 25 per cent, hydrochloric acid 
and 5 c.c. of bone black. Shake well, filter, and 
make Nylander's test on the filtrate. 
Bonanno's t. (for bile pigments): To 5 c.c. of the 
unknown add a few drops of concentrated hydro- 
chloric acid containing 2 per cent, of sodium 
nitrite. An emerald green color indicates bile 
pigments. 
Borchardt's t. (for levulose in urine): A few cubic 
centimeters of a mixture of equal parts of water and 
concentrated hydrochloric acid are heated for 
one and one-half minutes with an equal amount of 
urine and a few crystals of resorcin. The mixture 
is allowed to cool and is made alkaline with sodium 
carbonate; then poured into a test-tube and shaken 
with acetic ether: a yellow color in the ether indi- 
cates the presence of levulose. 
Borden's t. (for typhoid fever): A modification of the 
Widal test. The patient's blood-serum is mixed 
with salt solution and then with a suspension of 
killed typhoid bacilli, so as to bring the dilution up 
to 1 to 50. The positive reaction consists in the 
sinking of the clump of bacteria to the bottom of the 
test-tube, leaving a clear fluid above a small white 
mass of agglutinated bacilli. 
Bordet's t. See serum t. 
Boston's t.: A method of performing the ring tests 
for albumin in which the fluids are brought into 
contact in a glass pipet. 
Bottger'st.: 1. (For glucose in the urine.) The urine 
is treated with sodium hydroxid and then boiled TESTS 
1118 
TESTS 
with a very small amount of bismuth subnitrate; 
if glucose is present the precipitate is black. 2. 
Paper moistened with palladium chlorid solution 
(0.0002 gm. in 100 c.c.) becomes darkened in the 
presence of carbon monoxid. 
Bottu's t. (for glucose): To 8 c.c. of Bottu's reagent 
(3-5 gm. °f orthonitro-phenyl-propiolic acid and 
5 c.c. of freshly prepared 10 per cent, solution of 
sodium hydroxid per liter) in a test-tube add 1 c.c. 
of the urine and mix. Boil the upper portion, add 
one more c.c. of the mixture, and heat again. A 
blue color accompanied by the precipitation of 
small particles of indigo indicates glucose. 
Bouchardat's t. (for alkaloids): Potassium triio- 
did as a test for alkaloids gives a brown precipi- 
tate, soluble in alcohol. 
Bourdon's t. (for mental disease): A test based on 
the accuracy and time required for a patient to 
strike out certain recurring letters on a page. 
Bourget's t. (for iodids in urine and saliva): Im- 
pregnate a filter-paper with a 5 per cent, starch 
solution, dry, and cut into squares 5 cm. each. 
Then drop 2 or 3 drops of a 5 per cent, ammo- 
nium persulphate solution in the center of each 
square, and dry the pieces in the dark. Even with 
traces of iodin the prepared paper gives an in- 
tensely blue color. 
Boveri's t. (for excess of globulin in cerebrospinal 
fluid): Over 1 c.c. of cerebrospinal fluid in a test- 
tube is poured an equal quantity of a 1 : 1000 solu- 
tion of potassium permanganate. If there is excess 
of globulin a yellow ring will form at the line of 
junction, and on shaking, the entire contents of the 
tube will become bright yellow. 
Bram's t.: Persons with exophthalmic goiter are 
more tolerant of quinin hydrobromid than normal 
persons. 
Braude's t. (for quinin): When a solution of 
quinin is treated with chlorin water and ammo- 
nia, a green color is produced. 
Braun's t. (for glucose in urine): The urine is al- 
kalinized with sodium hydroxid and boiled with a 
solution of picric acid: if glucose is present, a 
deep-red color is produced. Acetone gives the 
same reaction, though less decidedly; while cre- 
atin will give it even in a cold solution. 
Bremer's t. (for diabetic blood): The blood is 
prepared for staining, dried in a hot-air steril- 
izer, and stained with methylene-blue and eosin. 
The red corpuscles of normal blood become brown- 
ish; but those of diabetic blood take on a greenish- 
yellow tint. 
Brieger's t.: 1. (For pyrocatechin) Add 1 drop 
of urine to 1 drop of very dilute ferric chlorid so- 
lution on a watch-glass-pyrocatechin causes an 
emerald-green color; on adding now a dilute so- 
lution of sodium bicarbonate or ammonium car- 
bonate, the fluid becomes violet, changing back to 
green with acetic acid. 2. (For strychnin) Pure 
chromic acid is added, and a violet color is pro- 
duced. 3. See Brieger's reaction, under reaction. 
Brown's t. (for quantitative estimation of ammonia in 
urine): Heat 60 c.c. of urine with 3 gm. of basic 
lead acetate, stir well, let stand for a few minutes, 
and filter. This removes nitrogenous substances. 
Heat the filtrate with 2 gm. neutral potassium 
Oxalate, stir well, and filter. Take 10 c.c. of the 
filtrate, add 50 c.c. of water and 15 gm. of neutral 
potassium oxalate, and estimate the ammonia. 
Bruck's serochemical t. (for syphilis): Nitric acid 
when added to syphilitic blood-serum causes a 
precipitate to form. Bruck's technic is based on 
an acid containing, per hundred gm., 24.77 gm. 
of nitric acid, or, per hundred c.c., 28.48 c.c. of 
nitric acid with a specific gravity of 1.149. He 
uses 0.3 c.c. To 0.5 c.c. of clear serum 2 c.c. of 
distilled water are added. This is shaken, and 
then 0.3 c.c. of nitric acid is added with a stand- 
ardized pipet. This is shaken and permitted to 
stand at room temperature for ten minutes. Then 
16 c.c. of distilled water at 150 C. are added and 
shaken slowly three or four times so as not to 
foam. This shaking is repeated ten minutes later, 
and then the tube is set aside for one-half hour. 
If the serum is syphilitic, it shows a distinct floc- 
culent turbidity. In twelve hours a precipitate 
is piled up on the floor of the test-tube. If the 
serum is non-syphilitic, there is no precipitate at 
any time. 
Bnicke's t.: 1. (For bile-pigments in urine.) It is 
made by shaking with nitric acid, and then slowly 
adding sulphuric acid, when color-reactions follow. 
2. (For proteins) The suspected liquid is acidulated 
with hydrochloric acid and treated with potassic 
iodid, when the proteins will be precipitated. 3. 
(For urea.) The suspected liquid is heated with 
an alcoholic solution of fusel oil, filtered, and treated 
with a solution of oxalic acid in fusel oil, when a 
crystalline deposit is formed. 
Bryce's t.: The determination of a degree of im- 
munity against small-pox conferred by vaccina- 
tion by repeating the inoculation after the lapse 
of several days: if the first is successful, the second 
will rapidly overtake it. 
Burchard-Liebermann t. See Liebermann's t. 
Burnam's t. (for formaldehyd in urine): To 10 c.c. 
of urine in a test-tube is added 3 drops of a 5 per 
cent, solution of phenylhydrazin hydrochlorid, 3 
drops of a 5 per cent, solution of sodium nitroprus- 
sid, and then a few drops of sodium hydrate are 
poured down the side of the test-tube. If formal- 
dehyd is present, a deep purplish color is seen, 
changing to dark green, and then to pale yellow. 
Busacca's t.: One c.c. of sterilized gelatin is 
rendered fluid by heating and is then injected in- 
tracutaneously. In syphilitic subjects this injec- 
tion is followed within six hours by a reddened 
infiltrated area. 
butter t.: A test for pancreatic insufficiency 
based on the fact that in deficiency of the ex- 
ternal secretion of the pancreas so much fat may 
be present in the stool after the ingestion of butter 
that the stool looks like butter. 
butyric-acid t. See Noguchi reaction, under 
reaction. 
Bychowski's t. (for albumin in urine): Two drops 
of urine are placed in a test-tube of hot water and 
shaken: the water becomes cloudy if albumin is 
present. 
caffein t. See Archetti's t., Deljf's t. 
Caillan's t. (for glucose in urine): Shake 2 parts 
of urine with 1 part of chloroform: on settling, 
glucose will be present in the upper layer. 
Callaway's t.: A test for dislocation of the hu- 
merus, consisting in the fact that the circum- 
ference of the affected shoulder, measured over the 
acromion and through the axilla, is greater than 
that on the unaffected side. 
Calmette's t. See Calmette's reaction, under re- 
action. 
caloric t. See Bar any's symptom, under symptom. 
Cammidge's t. See Cammidge's reaction, under 
reaction. 
Campani's t. (for glucose): A mixture of a concen- 
trated solution of lead subacetate and a dilute solu- 
tion of copper acetate is productive of a yellow or 
red color. 
cancer t. See edestin t., Friedman-Hamburger's t„ 
glycyl-tryptophan t., Neubauer and Fischer's t., 
trytophan t., Weinstein's t., Wolff and Junghans't. 
cane-sugar t. See Nickles' t. 
Cappagnoli's t. (for glucose): A solution of copper 
hydroxid and potassium hydoxid is added, when a 
blue color is produced. 
Capranica's t.: 1. (For bile-pigments) Shake the 
liquid with chloroform containing bromin: it 
turns green, blue, violet, yellowish-red, and then 
becomes nearly colorless. 2. (For guanin) A warm 
solution of guanin hydrochlorid gives a yellow precipitate in silky needles with a cold saturated 
solution of picric acid. 3. (For guanin.) Mix the 
solution with a concentrated solution of potassium 
ferrocyanid: a yellowish-brown precipitate in 
prisms appears. 4. (For guanin.) Add to the sus- 
pected solution a concentrated solution of potas- 
sium dichromate: guanin will cause an orange-red 
precipitate in crystals. 
carbohydrate t. See Moore's t., Schiff's t. 
carbon monoxid t. See Boetger's t., Dejust's t., 
Hoppe Seyler's t., Katyama's t., Rubner's t., Sal- 
kowski's t., Wetzel's t., Zaleski's t. 
Carnot's t. (for atonic dilatation of the stomach): 
The patient's stomach is emptied by the stomach- 
pump and 500 c.c. of water introduced. The pa- 
tient remains in an erect posture for an hour, after 
which the water is withdrawn and measured. 
Then 500 c.c. of water are introduced and the pa- 
tient placed on his right side for an hour. In this 
position the stomach should be nearly empty in an 
hour. 
Carrez's t. (for albumin): One gram of resorcinol is 
dissolved in 2 c.c. of distilled water in a test-tube 
and the urine is poured upon the surface. A white 
ring shows albumin. 
Casamajor's t. (for glucose): The suspected liquid 
is shaken with methyl alcohol; glucose makes the 
mixture cloudy. 
casein t. See Leiner's t. 
Castellani's t.: An agglutination test for ascer- 
taining the existence of a mixed infection with 
allied species of organisms. 
catoptric t.: A test for cataract made by observing 
the reflections from the cornea and from the sur- 
faces of the crystalline lens. 
cellulose t. See Schultz's t. 
Chautard's t. (for acetone in the urine): A drop of 
aqueous solution of magenta is dissolved with 
sulphurous acid and added to the urine, when a 
violet color is produced. 
chlorophyl t. (for gastric motility): On a fasting 
stomach the patient drinks 400 c.c. of water which 
has been colored green by the addition of 20 drops 
of chlorophyl solution. After half an hour the 
residue is aspirated from the stomach, and the 
amount that has passed out of the stomach in one- 
half hour is ascertained. 
cholera red t. (for indole): To the unknown add 
one-tenth its volume of a 0.02 per cent, solution 
of potassium nitrite and mix. Underlay with sul- 
phuric acid. The purple color will change to 
bluish green on neutralization with potassium 
hydroxid. 
cholesterol t. See Lieberman and Burchardt's t., 
Obermiiller's t, Salkowski's t., and Schultz's t. 
cholin t. See Rosenheim's t. 
Ciamician and Magnanini's t. (for skatol): 
Warm the solution with sulphuric acid: skatol 
produces a purple-red tint. 
Cipollina's t. (for dextrose or levulose in urine): 
Four c.c. of urine, 5 drops of pure phenylhydrazin, 
and 0.5 c.c. of glacial acetic acid are boiled for one 
minute. Four or 5 drops of potassium hydrate 
solution are added and the mixture boiled again 
for a few seconds. Cool and examine for crystals 
of phenyl-levulosazone or phenyldextrosozone. 
cobra-venom t. See Weil's t. 
cockscomb t.: A test for the activity of the ergot 
preparations, based on the fact that ergot, when 
administered to a cock, produces a blue coloration 
of its comb. 
Cohen's t. (for albumin): To the acidulated solu- 
tion add a solution of potassium bismuthic iodid 
and potassium iodid: albumin is precipitated. 
Cohn's t.: A test for color perception by the use 
of variously colored embroidery patterns. 
coin-t.: A test for pneumothorax made by aus- 
cultating the chest while a silver coin laid against 
TESTS 
1119 
the chest is struck with another coin. A metallic, 
ringing sound is produced over a cavity contain- 
ing air. 
colchicin t. See Zeisel's t. 
Cole's t.: i. (For glucose.) Add acetic acid to the 
urine and filter through blood charcoal to remove 
other reducing substances. Then make a modified 
Fehling's test. 2. (For lactose.) Absorb the lactose 
on to blood charcoal, extract it again with hot dilute 
acetic acid and make an osazone test. 3. (For 
uric acid.) Add 2 drops of ammonium hydroxid 
to 5 c.c. of urine and then saturate with ammonium 
chlorid. Pour off the supernatant fluid, filter, 
evaporate residue, and make murexid test. 
colloidal gold t. See Lange's t. 
Congo-red t. See Riegel's t. (2). 
conjugate glycuronates t. See Tollens't. 
conjunctival t. See ophthalmic reaction, under 
reaction. 
connective-tissue t. See Schmidt's t. (5). 
Cook's t. (for purin bodies in urine): In a centrifuge 
tube take 10 c.c. urine and add 1 gm. sodium car- 
bonate and 1 or 2 c.c. strong ammonia. Shake until 
the soda is dissolved. The earthy phosphates will 
be precipitated. Centrifuge and pour off clear 
fluid. Add 2 c.c. ammonia and 2 c.c. ammoniated 
silver nitrate solution. Centrifuge again. Each 
c.c. of sediment represents 0.001176 gm. of purin 
bodies. 
cover t.: A test for imbalance of ocular muscles, 
made by covering one eye and noting its move- 
ment while uncovering it again. 
Cowie's guaiac t.: The employment of the guaiac 
test for detecting blood in the feces. 
Craft's t.: In organic disease of the pyramidal tract, 
stroking with a blunt point upward over the dor- 
sal surface of the ankle, the leg being extended and; 
the muscles relaxed, produces dorsal extension of 
the great toe. 
Craig's t.: 1. (For tuberculosis). A complement- 
fixation test for tuberculosis in which the antigen 
is made by growing several strains of bacilli on an 
alkaline bouillon containing a teaspoonful of 
aseptically removed egg-white and egg-yolk for 
each 250 c.c, of bouillon. 2. A modification of the 
Wassermann test using a human hemolytic serum 
instead of a sheep hemolytic serum. 
Cramer's t. (for glucose): Place 3 c.c. of Cramer's 
"2.5 reagent" (0.4 gm. of mercuric oxid and 6 gm. 
of potassium iodid dissolved in 100 c.c. of water 
and the reaction so adjusted that 10 c.c. will be 
neutralized to phenolphthalein by 2 5 c.c. of N/10 
acid) in a test-tube and boil. Add 3 c.c. of the urine 
and again boil. If positive the mixture becomes- 
turbid, darkens, and a precipitate of finely divided 
mercury settles out. 
creatinin t. See Braun's t., Jaffe's t., Kerner's t., 
Maschke's t., Thudichum's t., PFeyZ's t. 
Crismer's t. (for glucose): The solution is made 
alkaline, and is boiled with 1 part of safranin in 
1000 parts of water: if glucose is present, the 
mixture is decolorized or turned to a pale yellow. 
Cunisset's t. (for bile in the urine): The urine is- 
shaken with chloroform: if biliary matter is present, 
a yellow color is produced. 
currant t.: If, after a meal of currants, the seeds 
do not appear in the stools in twenty-four hours, 
there is defective motility of the stomach. 
cystein t. See Andreasch's t., Baumann and Gold- 
mann's t., Liebig's t. 
cytosin. See Wheeler and Johnson's t. 
Davy's t. (for phenol): To a drop or two of the sus- 
pected solution add 3 or 4 drops of a solution of 1 
part of molybdic acid in 10 or 15 parts of concen- 
trated sulphuric acid: if phenol is present, a pale 
yellow-brown tint is produced, changing to a red- 
dish-brown and then to a fine purple. 
Day's t. (for blood): The suspected substance is 
treated with fresh guaiacum tincture and then 
TESTS TESTS 
1120 
TESTS 
with hydrogen dioxid: if blood is present, a blue 
tint is produced. 
Dedichen's t. (for liver function): A test based on 
the assumption that urobilinuria is a sign of 
absolute liver insufficiency. Tincture of iodin is 
added to the urine, drop by drop, and then an 
equal amount of Schlesinger's reagent. The 
mixture is filtered. If urobilin is present, fluores- 
cence takes place. 
Deen's t. (for blood in gastric juice): To the gastric 
juice is added 1 c.c. of a fresh tincture of guaiac 
and ! c.c. of Hiihnerfeld's solution (2 c.c. of glacial 
acetic acid, 1 c.c. of distilled water, and 100 c.c. 
each of oil of turpentine and alcohol). On shaking, 
the fluid turns blue if blood is present. Iron com- 
pounds give the same reaction as blood. 
Degener's t. (for alkalis): Phenacetolin is turned 
red by alkalis. 
Dehio's t.: If bradycardia is relieved by injections 
of atropin, the condition is caused by irritation of 
the vagus; but if the bradycardia is not relieved, the 
cause is some affection of the heart muscle. 
Dejust's t. (for carbon monoxid): If air containing 
carbon monoxid is passed through an ammoniacal 
silver solution, metallic silver will be deposited and 
the solution will take on a brown or black color. 
Delff's t. (for cafein): A solution of red mercuric 
oxid and potassium iodid: used as a test for caffein, 
which it throws down as a crystalline precipitate. 
Deniges' t. 1. (for uric acid): Add nitric acid, 
which changes uric acid into alloxan, heat gently so 
as to drive off free nitric acid; add a few drops of 
sulphuric acid and of commercial benzol, which 
contains thiophen. This gives a blue color if 
alloxan has been formed. 2. (for acetone in urine): 
About 1 inch of the distillate in a test-tube is 
mixed with an equal amount of a solution of the 
subsulphate of mercury (mercuric oxid 50, sul- 
phuric acid 200, water up to 1000) and the mixture 
allowed to simmer in a stoppered flask for about 
five minutes. A white crystalline precipitate oc- 
curs on cooling, which is very distinctive in ap- 
pearance. If acetone is present in excess, the 
test is less distinct. If but a trace is present, a 
trace of sodium chlorid will aid the precipitation. 
The precipitate is not soluble in dilute hydro- 
chloric acid. 
desmoid t. See desmoid reaction, under reaction. 
diacetic acid t. See aceto-acetic acid t. 
digitalin t. See Grandeau's t. 
dimethylamino-azobenzol t. (for free hydro- 
chloric acid): To a little of the filtered gastric juice 
in a test-tube add a drop of 0.5 per cent, alcoholic 
solution of dimethylamido-azobenzol; in the pres- 
ence of free hydrochloric acid there will at once 
appear a cherry-red color. 
dirt t. (for milk): Filter a pint of milk through a 
little disk of absorbent cotton and note the stain 
produced. 
Dold's t.: A flocculation test for syphilis. 
Donaldson's t. (for sugar): Add to a suspected 
fluid a few drops of a solution of 5 parts of sodium 
carbonate, 5 of caustic potash, 6 of potassium 
bitartrate, 4 of copper sulphate, and 32 of water; 
heat it, and if sugar is present, a yellow-green color 
will be produced. 
Donder's t.: A co lor-vision test performed by lan- 
terns with sides of colored glass. 
Donne's t. (for pus in the urine): Liquor potassas 
is added until a white, gelatinous deposit is formed. 
Donogany's t. (for blood in urine): One c.c. of 
ammonium sulphid solution and 1 c.c. of pyridin 
solution are added to 10 c.c. of urine: an orange 
color forms if blood is present. 
Dragendorff's t. (for bile-pigments): Wet an un- 
glazed porcelain plate with the suspected urine, 
which is soon absorbed; add a drop or more of 
nitric acid: if bile-pigments are present, colored 
rings are formed. 
Drechsel's t.: i. (For bile.) On heating the liquid 
on a water-bath with phosphoric acid and cane- 
sugar, a reddish-brown color will be produced if 
bile is present. 2. (For xanthin.) Made by adding 
copper chlorid to an ammoniacal solution of the 
substance: xanthin, if present, causes a muddy 
precipitate. 
Dreyer's t.: An agglutination test for the differen- 
tiation of typhoid and paratyphoid infections from 
other infections in persons vaccinated against 
typhoid-paratyphoid infection. 
Duane's t.: The employment of a candle-blaze 
and prisms to measure the degree of ocular hetero- 
phoria. 
Dugas' t.: A test for the existence of dislocation 
of the shoulder, made by placing the hand of the 
affected side on the opposite shoulder and bringing 
the elbow to the side of the chest. If this cannot 
be accomplished, dislocation exists. 
Dumontpallier's t. (for bile-pigments): Over the 
liquid to be tested pour carefully iodin tincture: 
if bile-pigment is present, a green ring is seen be- 
tween the two liquids. 
Dungern's t. See von Dungern's t. 
Dupont's t. (for death): The action of a drop of 
atropin in the pupil is observed. 
Ebbinghaus t. (for mental disease): The examiner 
gives the patient sentences from which several 
words have been omitted, and asks him to com- 
plete them. 
edestin t. (for gastric cancer based on the presence of 
peptid-splitting ferment): The gastric juice is filtered, 
neutralized with normal Na2CO3 solution, using 
phenolphthalein as indicator, and then brought to 
an alkalinity equal to - Na^COj, in order to inac- 
IOO 
tivate pepsin. Place 2 c.c. of a 0.1 per cent, solu- 
tion of edestin in 0.1 per cent. Na2CO3 in each of 
four test-tubes. To three tubes add 2 c.c., 1 c.c., 
and 0.5 c.c. of the faintly alkalinized gastric fluid, 
reserving the fourth tube as a control and adding to 
it only a drop of phenolphthalein solution. Place 
the four tubes in an incubator at 370 C. At the 
end of four hours exactly neutralize the contents of 
each of the tubes with 5 per cent, acetic acid. 
When the neutral point is reached all the undigested 
edestin will be precipitated. The degree of diges- 
tion is indicated by the amount of turbidity com- 
pared with that in the control tube. Absence of 
turbidity indicates complete digestion. 
Edlefsen's t. (for glucose). See Edlefsen's reagent, 
under reagent. 
Ehrlich's t. See Ehrlich's reaction, under reaction, 
and para-dimethyl-amino-benzaldehyd t. 
Ehrmann's t. (for mydriatic substances): The sus- 
pected substance is applied to an enucleated frog's 
eye, dilatation indicating the presence of a myd- 
riatic substance. 
Eijkman's t. (for phenol): Add to the suspected 
solution a few drops of an alcoholic solution of 
ethylic ether and nitrous acid, each, 1 part, and 
concentrated sulphuric acid, 2 parts: a red color is 
produced. 
Einhorn's t. (for blood in stomach, feces, and urine): 
The fluid is tested by paper sensitized with ben- 
zidin. The benzidin paper is immersed in the fluid 
to be examined, and a few drops of hydrogen di- 
oxid are added, when a blue color is formed if 
blood is present: the color should appear in a few 
seconds. 
Eiselt's t. (for melanin in the urine): Oxidizing 
agents like nitric and sulphuric acids or potassium 
dichromate render the urine dark colored if mela- 
nin is present. 
Eitelberg's t.: A large tuning-fork is held near 
the ear, at intervals, for twenty to thirty minutes. 
If the ear is normal, the perception of the vibra- 
tions increases after each interval; but if there is a 
lesion of the conducting apparatus, the perception 
decreases. TESTS 
1121 
TESTS 
Ellermann and Erlandsen's t. See tuber- 
culin titer t. 
Emanuel-Cutting t. See mastic t. 
emulsoid-gelatin t. See gel t. 
epinephrin t. See Goetsch's skin reaction, under 
reaction. 
epiphanin t. See epiphanin reaction under 
reaction. 
Erdman's t. jor alkaloids.) See Erdman's reagent, 
under reagent. 
Esbach's t. (for albumin.) See Esbach's reagent, 
under reagent. 
Escherich's t.: A modification of the von Pirquet 
reaction in which the tuberculin is injected sub- 
cutaneously. 
Ewald's t.: 1. (For hydrochloric acid in stomach-con- 
tentsi) Mix 2 c.c. of a 10 per cent, solution of 
potassium sulphocyanid, 0.5 c.c. of a neutral 
solution of iron acetate, and 7.5 c.c of water. 
This makes a ruby-red solution. A few drops 
are put into a porcelain dish and a drop or two 
of the suspected liquid are added. If HC1 is 
present, a slight violet is seen; but on mixing the 
color becomes brown. 2. (For motility of the stomach.) 
The injection of salol after a light meal. The salol 
passes into the intestine, where it is decomposed 
and salicyluric acid secreted in the urine. Nor- 
mally the salicyluric acid should appear in from one 
to two hours, and may be detected by adding to the 
urine a weak solution of ferric chlorid, when a 
purple color will appear. Called also Ewald and 
Silven's t. and salol t. 
Falk and Tedesco's t.: A test for bronchial disease 
based on the fact that if salicylates are given to a 
patient in whom the bronchial mucosa is injured, 
salicylic acid will appear in the sputum. 
Farseus t. (for pregnancy): In a tube 0.01 cm. in 
diameter is mixed 8 c.c. of the patient's blood with 
2 c.c. of a 2 per cent, solution of sodium citrate. 
This is set aside for one hour. If the sediment of 
the erythrocytes then reaches only to a height of 
1 cm. or less the woman is not pregnant. 
fat t. See acrolein t., Adams' t., Bloor's t., Meigs' t. 
fatigue t. See fatigue reaction under reaction. 
Fehling's t. (for glucose in the urine): Mix the 
suspected liquid with freshly prepared Fehling's 
solution (q. v. under solution) and boil. A red pre- 
cipitate of cuprous oxid shows the presence of 
glucose. 
fermentation t. (for glucose): Fill a graduated 
fermentation tube with the urine or unknown solu- 
tion, add a small portion of compressed yeast, and 
incubate for twelve hours. The amount of gas 
that accumulates in the closed arm indicates the 
amount of glucose present. 
ferric chlorid t.: Add a few drops of dilute ferric 
chlorid to saliva and acidify with hydrochloric 
acid. Red ferric thiocyanate forms, which is de- 
colorized by adding mercury bichlorid. 
fibrinogen t. (for liver function): Decrease in the 
amount of fibrinogen in the blood-plasma below the 
normal amount points to liver injury. 
fibroderm bismuth-capsule t. See Schwarz t. 
(2). 
Fieux's t. (for antipyrin): To the suspected liquid 
add 12 drops of sulphuric acid and 2.5 gm. of 
sodium metaphosphate; filter, and to the filtrate 
add a few drops of a solution of sodium nitrate. If 
antipyrin is present, a green color will be pro- 
duced. 
film t. See Ross's t. 
Finckh t. jor mental disease): The patient is di- 
rected to explain the meaning of proverbs, such as 
"when the cat's away the mice will play," etc. 
finger-nose t. jor coordinated movements of the 
extremities): The patient is directed to close his 
eyes and, with arm extended to one side, slowly to 
endeavor to touch the end of his nose with the 
point of his index-finger. 
Fischer's t. (jor glucose)-. The urine is boiled with 
phenylhydrazin and sodium acetate. If glucose 
is present yellow crystals of phenylglucosazone will 
be formed. 
fistula t.: The air in the external auditory canal is 
coihpressed or rarefied: if there is erosion of the 
inner osseous wall of the tympanum, nystagmus 
will be produced, provided the labyrinth still 
functionates. 
Fleig's t. jor blood in the urine): A test based on 
the fact that fluorescein is easily reduced to fluo- 
rescin in the presence of oxygenated water and a 
catalytic agent, such as hemoglobin and its deriva- 
tives. 
Fleischl's t. jor bile-pigments in urine): Heat the 
urine with a strong solution of sodium nitrate and 
add sulphuric acid with a pipet. The acid sinks to 
the bottom of the tube and forms colored layers. 
Fleitmann's t. jor arsenic): In a tube containing 
the suspected fluid hydrogen is generated from 
zinc and solution of potassium hydroxid. The 
mouth of the tube is closed by a piece of filter- 
paper moistened with a solution of silver nitrate. 
On heating, if arsenic is present, the filter-paper 
will turn black. 
flocculation t. See Sachs-Georgi t. and Vernes' t. 
Florence t. (for spermatic fluid): To the suspected 
substance add a strong aqueous solution of iodin 
and potassium iodid. If spermatic fluid is present, 
brown plates or needles will be formed. 
Folin's t. See Folin's methods, under method. 
Folin's t.: i. (For quantity of urea.) See Folin's 
microchemical method (for urea), under method. 
2. (For quantity of uric acid.) See Folin-Shaffer 
method (for uric acid), under method. 3. (For uric 
acidi) To the unknown add a saturated solution 
of oxalic acid and evaporate to dryness. Cool and 
extract phenols with 95 per cent, alcohol. Dissolve 
residue in water, add sodium carbonate, and Folin's 
sodium phosphotungstate reagent. A blue color 
indicates uric acid. 
Folin and Denis' t. (for tyrosin): To 1 to 2 c.c. 
of the unknown add an equal volume of the reagent 
(containing 10 per cent, of sodium tungstate, 2 per 
cent, of phosphomolybdic acid), and 3 to 10 c.c. of a 
saturated solution of sodium carbonate. A blue 
color indicates tyrosin. 
Folin and McElroy's t. (for glucose): (Reagent: 
100 gm. of sodium pyrophosphate, 30 gm. of di- 
sodium phosphate, and 50 gm. of dry sodium car- 
bonate in 1 liter of water. Dissolve with heat 
and add 13 gm. of copper sulphate dissolved in 200 
c.c. of water.) To 5 c c. of the reagent add 5 to 8 
drops of the urine and boil. In the presence of 
sugar the hot solution is filled with a colloidal 
greenish-yellow or reddish precipitate. 
formaldehyd t. See Burnam's t., Kentman's t., 
Leach's t., Luebert's t., Rimini's t., Schiff's t. 
formalin t.: A test for syphilis based on the fact 
that the addition of a small quantity of formalin 
to syphilitic serum produces coagulation. 
Fornet's ring t. See Fornet's reaction, under 
reaction. 
Foubert's t. (of death): Testing the heart for 
movement by inserting the finger through an 
incision in an intercostal space. 
Francis' t. (for bile-acids in urine): In a test-tube 
is placed 2 gm. of glucose in 15 gm. of sulphuric 
acid: the urine is placed on top of this, when a 
purple color forms if bile acids are present. 
Frankel's t.: Examination of the nasal cavity with 
the patient's head bent down between his knees 
and rotated so that the side to be examined is 
turned upward. If pus is seen in the middle 
meatus, suppuration in some of the anterior acces- 
sory sinuses is indicated. 
Friedman-Hamburger t. Same as edestin t. 
Frohde's t.: A 1 per cent, solution of sodium 
molybdate in sulphuric acid: a test for alkaloids. TESTS 
1122 
TESTS 
Frohn's t.: The use of the double iodid of bis- 
muth and potassium as a test for alkaloids. 
Frommer's t. (for acetone in urine): Alkalinize 
about 10 c.c. of the urine with 2 or 3 c.c. of 40 per 
cent, caustic soda solution, add 10 or 12 drops of 
10 per cent, alcoholic solution of salicylous • acid 
(salicyl aldehyd), heat the upper portion to about 
70° C. (it should not reach the boiling-point), and 
keep at this temperature five minutes or longer. 
In the presence of acetone an orange color, chang- 
ing to deep red, appears in the heated portion. 
Fuld's t. (for antipyretic power of blood-serum): 
Three solutions are used: a 0.1 per cent solution of 
Griibler's dry trypsin- in slightly alkaline normal 
saline, a 0.2 per cent, neutral solution of casein, 
and an alcoholic solution of acetic acid. A series 
of test-tubes are prepared containing definite 
amounts of casein solution and of diluted blood- 
serum and increasing amounts of trypsin solution. 
After incubating, 1 or 2 drops of the acetic acid 
solution are added to each test-tube. If any 
turbidity appears it indicates the presence of un- 
digested casein. The amount of trypsin necessary 
to digest the casein completely in one-half hour can 
then be determined. 
fundus-reflex t. Same as skiascopy. 
Fiirbringer's t. (for albumin): In the urine are 
placed gelatin capsules opened at each end and 
containing a double salt of mercuric chlorid, 
sodium chlorid, and citric acid. If albumin is 
present cloudiness or a flocculent precipitate is 
produced. 
furfurol t. (for proteins): Heat the suspected sub- 
stance with sulphuric acid. If proteins are present, 
furfurol is formed 
Gairdner's coin-t. See coin-t. 
galactose t. See mucic acid t. 
Gallois' t. (for inosite, proteins, tyrosin, and other 
sugars being present): Evaporate a solution of 
the suspected substance to partial dryness, and 
moisten the residue with a solution of mercuric 
nitrate. On drying, it assumes a yellow color, 
which heating turns to a bright red, which disap- 
pears when the liquid cools. 
Ganassini's t. (for uric acid): Precipitate the 
alkaline urate with ZnCh. In contact with the air 
the precipitate turns blue. 
Gardener-Brown t.: A vibrating tuning-fork is 
placed on the mastoid process of the patient: if 
the vibrations are heard longer than they can be 
felt by the patient's fingers, or if they cease to be 
heard while they can still be felt by the examiner, 
there is disease of the middle ear. 
Garrod's t.: 1. (For hematoporphyrin in urine.) 
To 100 c.c. of urine, 20 c.c. of a 10 per cent, solu- 
tion of caustic soda are added, and the whole is 
filtered. The filtrate is washed in water-free 
alcohol and the precipitate dissolved in hydro- 
chloric acid. The test is completed with the 
spectroscope, which gives two absorption-bands 
indicative of hematoporphyrin. 2. (For uric acid 
in the blood} 30 c.c. of blood-serum are treated 
with 0.5 c.c. of acetic acid. A fine thread is im- 
mersed in it, on which are formed crystals of uric 
acid. 
gastric function t. See Ewald's t., Heichelheim's 
t., Klemperer's t., Sahli's t., Schwarz's t., Winter- 
nitz's t. 
Gawalowski's t. (for glycosuria): Ammonium 
molybdate is added to suspected urine and heated 
to ioo° C. If glucose is present, the solution be- 
comes blue. 
Gay-Force t. Same as typhoidin t. 
Geissler's t. (for albumin in the urine): A test- 
paper is dipped in citric acid and dried; another 
is dipped in a solution containing 3 per cent, of 
mercuric chlorid and 14 per cent, of potassium 
iodid, and dried; the two papers are placed in 
the urine. If there is albumin present, a pre- 
cipitate will be formed. 
gel t. Differentiation of syphilitic serum by the 
opacity and rapid precipitation produced by addi- 
tion of glacial acetic acid to small quantities of the 
serum (J. E. R. McDonagh, 1916). 
Gelle's t.: A rubber tube is inserted in the ear 
and a tuning-fork is brought in contact with it. 
By means of a bulb on the tube pressure or suc- 
tion is made. If the ear is normal, the vibra- 
tions of the fork are distinctly perceived; but 
they are not perceived if there is any lesion of the 
ossicular chain. 
Gentele's t. (for glucose or uric acid): Add to the 
suspected liquid a solution of potassium ferro- 
cyanid made alkaline with caustic potash or soda. 
On heating it becomes decolorized. 
Gerhardt's t.: (Carl J. Gerhardt) 1. (For acetone 
in the urine.) Add a solution of ferric chlorid and 
a red color is produced. This test is not reliable. 
2. (For diacetic acid in the urine.) Filter, in order 
to remove the phosphates, and add a few drops of 
a solution of ferric chlorid, which produce a deep- 
red color, which disappears when sulphuric acid is 
added. 3. (Charles Frederic Gehrardt) (For bile- 
pigments in the urine.) It is made by shaking with 
an equal measure of chloroform and soon after 
adding tincture of iodin and potassium hydroxid 
to the separated chloroform, when a yellow or yel- 
lowish-brown color is produced. 
Gerrard's t. (for glucose in the urine): Fehling's 
solution is treated with a 5 per cent, solution of 
potassium cyanid until the blue color begins to 
disappear. The suspected liquid is heated with 
this mixture, and if there is glucose present, more 
or less discoloration takes place. 
Gies' biuret t. (for proteins): Gies uses the fol- 
lowing reagent in making the test: mix 25 c.c. of 
a 3 per cent, solution of copper sulphate and 975 
c.c. of a 10 per cent, solution of potassium hy- 
droxid. 
girdle t. (for splanchnoptosis): The examiner, stand- 
ing behind the patient, places his arms around the 
patient, so that his hands meet in front of the 
patient's abdomen; he squeezes and raises the vis- 
cera and then allows them to fall suddenly. If 
the patient feels relieved by the raising pressure and 
experiences distress on the release, the condition is 
probably one of splanchnoptosis. 
GISnard's t. Same as girdle t. 
globulin t. See Boveri's t., Gordon's t., Ham- 
merstein's t., Kaplan's t., Lange's t., Mayerhofer's 
t., Nonne-Apelt's t., Bandy's t., Pohl's t., Ross- 
Jones's t. 
glucose t. See Agostini's t., Allen's t., Almen's t., 
alphanaphthol t., Baeyer's t., Barfoed's t., Bau- 
mann's t., Benedict's t., Bertrand's t., Boetger's t., 
Bohmansson's t., Bottu's t., Braun's t., Caillau's t., 
Campani's t., Cappagnoli's t., Casamajor's t., Cole's 
t., Cramer's t., Crismer's t., Donaldson's t., Edlef- 
sen's t., Fehling's t., fermentation t., Fischer's t., 
Folin-McElroy's t., Gawalowski's t., Gentele's t., 
Gerrard's t., Hager's t., Haines' t., Hassal's t., 
Heller's t., Horsley's t., hydroxylamin t., Jaffe's t., 
Knapp's t., Kowarski's t., Loewe's t., Lowenthal's 
t., Mathews t., Maumeni's t., micologic t., Molisch's 
t., Moore's t., Mulder's t., Nickle's t, nitropropiol 
t., Nylander's t., Oliver's t., osazone t.. Pavy's t., 
PHouse and Moore's t., Penzoldt's t., Purdy's t., 
Riegler's t., Rubner's t., saccharimeter t., Sachsse's 
t., safranin t., Salkowski's t., Schmidt's t., silver t., 
Soldaini's t., Frommer's t., Warren's t., Wender's 
t., Worm-Muller's t. 
glutoid t. See Sahli's glutoid t. 
Gluzinski's t.: 1. (For bile-pigments.) Boil the solu- 
tion with formalin until it becomes green; adding 
a little hydrochloric acid changes the tint to an 
amethyst violet. 2. (For differentiation between 
ulcer and cancer of stomachi) Examination of the 
gastric contents recovered from a fasting patient: 
(1) After a test-breakfast consisting of the white of a 
boiled egg and 200 c.c. of water which is recovered TESTS 
1123 
TESTS 
after three-quarters of an hour. (2) After a test 
dinner consisting of a beefsteak and 250 c.c. of 
water, which is recovered after three and three- 
quarters hours. In ulcer, both the breakfast and 
the dinner give the reaction of free HC1. In begin- 
ning cancer the first meal will give reaction of free 
HC1, while the second meal will show only a slight 
trace or none at all. 
glycerol t. See acrolein t., hypochlorite-orcinol t. 
glycuronates t. See phloroglucin t., Taliens, 
Neuberg and Schwket's t. 
glycyltryptophan t. (for carcinoma of stomach): 
Filtered gastric contents and glycyltryptophan 
are placed in a test-tube and kept at body tem- 
perature for twenty-four hours: if, on the addition 
of a few drops of bromin, a reddish-violet color is 
formed, carcinoma is indicated. 
glyoxylic acid t. See Hopkins-Cole test. 
Gmelin's t. (for bile-pigments): Fuming nitric 
acid is so added to the suspected urine that it 
forms a layer under it. Near the junction of the 
two liquids rings are formed-a green ring above, 
and under it a blue, violet-red, and reddish-yellow. 
If the green and violet-red rings are absent, the 
reaction shows the probable presence of lutein. 
Goetsch's t. See Goetsch's skin reaction, under 
reaction. 
gold number t. See Lange's t. (1st def.). 
Goldscheider's t. (for cutaneous thermal sensibil- 
ity) : Consists in touching the skin with the slightly 
pointed end of a metallic cylinder varyingly heated. 
gold-sol t. See Lange's t. (1st def.). 
Gordon's t.: A test for the presence of globulin- 
albumin in the spinal fluid. One c.c. of spinal 
fluid is placed in a small test-tube and o.r c.c. of 
1 per cent, solution of bichlorid of mercury in dis- 
tilled water. The formation of a cloud or pre- 
cipitate after standing an hour indicates a positive 
reaction. 
Graefe's t. (for heterophoria): On holding a prism of 
ro° before one eye, base up or down, two images 
are formed. One of these images is displaced 
laterally in heterophoria. 
Grandeau's t. (for digitalin): The substance is dis- 
solved in concentrated sulphuric acid, to which 
bromin is added: a rose color is formed if digitalin 
is present. 
Graupner's t. (for cardiac efficiency): A test based 
on the fact that the blood-pressure of strong hearts 
rises during exercise, while that of weak hearts falls. 
The exercise was furnished by turning a wheel 
provided with a brake and permitting the measure- 
ment of the work done. 
Griess's t. (for nitrites in the saliva): Mix it with 
5 parts of water; add a few drops of dilute solution 
of sulphuric acid and a few drops of metadiamido- 
benzol: this produces a strong yellow color if 
nitrites are present. 
Grigg's t. (for proteins): Metaphosphoric acid 
precipitates them all except the peptones. 
Grbbly's t. (formalignancy): The total phosphorus 
content of the blood is determined by Neumann's 
method and the amount of phosphorus in mg. 
per 100 c.c. is divided by the first two figures of 
the erythrocyte count. If the quotient thus ob- 
tained does not exceed 3.17, malignancy may be 
excluded. 
Grocco's t.: In slight cases of purpura and pelio- 
sis rheumatica, if an elastic ligature is placed around 
the forearm, punctiform hemorrhages will appear in 
the bend of the elbow. 
Gross's t. (for trypsin in feces): In a mortar thor- 
oughly rub up a portion of the fecal mass with three 
times its bulk of 0.1 per cent, sodium carbonate 
solution. Filter. Mix 10 c.c. of the filtrate with 
100 c.c. of a fresh solution consisting of 0.5 gm. 
Grubler's pure casein, 1 gm. sodium carbonate, and 
1000 c.c. distilled water. Add a little toluol to 
prevent bacterial activity and place in an incubator 
at about 38° C. At intervals remove a few cubic 
centimeters and test for casein by adding a few 
drops of acetic acid of about 1 per cent, strength. 
A white cloud appears as long as any casein remains 
undigested. With the patient upon a protein diet, 
there is normally a sufficient amount of trypsin to 
digest all the casein in ten to fifteen hours. Delay 
or complete failure of digestion shows diminution 
or absence of trypsin. 
Gruber's t. (for the sensitiveness of the ear to sounds'): 
The end of the finger is inserted in the ear after 
the sound of a tuning-fork has ceased to be heard. 
The tuning-fork is then held against the finger, 
when the sound again becomes audible. 
Gruber-Widal t. See Gruber-Widal reaction, 
under reaction. 
Griinbaum's t.: In Addison's disease suprarenal 
extract does not raise the arterial tension. 
Grunbaum-Widal t. Same as Widal t. 
guaiac t. (for blood): A blood-stain treated with 
tincture of guaiacum, and then with hydrogen 
dioxid, assumes a blue tint. 
Guenzburg's t. (for hydrochloric acid in the stomach- 
contents): Dissolve 2 gm. of phloroglucin and 1 gm. 
of vanillin in 30 c.c. of alcohol; of this mix 2 drops 
with 2 drops of filtered gastric juice; heat it slowly 
in a porcelain cell. Free HO produces a bright- 
red color; it is not present if the color is brownish- 
red or brown. 
Gunning's t. (for acetone in urine): To a few cubic 
centimeters of urine or distillate in a test-tube add a 
few drops of tincture of iodin and of ammonia al- 
ternately until a heavy black cloud appears. This 
cloud will gradually clear up and, if acetone be 
present, iodoform, usually crystalline, will separate 
out. The iodoform can be recognized by its odor 
or by detection of the crystals microscopically. 
Iodoform crystals are yellowish six-pointed stars 
or six-sided plates. 
Gunning-Lieben t. Same as Gunning's t. 
Gutzeit's t. (for arsenic): A paper is moistened 
with an acidulated silver nitrate solution and ex- 
posed to the fumes from the suspected liquid, which 
is mixed with zinc and dilute sulphuric acid. 
The formation of a yellow spot on the paper in- 
dicates the presence of arsenic. 
Hager's t. (for glucose.) See Hager's reagent, under 
reagent. 
Haines' t. (for glucose): Copper sulphate, 30 gr.; 
glycerin, | fl.oz.; liquor potassae, 5 fl.oz.; water, 
sufficient to make 6 fl.oz. When boiled and a 
little urine added, and again boiled, a yellow or 
reddish-yellow precipitate is produced. 
Hallion's t. Same as Tuffier's t. 
Hamburger's t.: A test made by injecting 0.1 c.c^ 
of a 1 : 10,000 dilution of tuberculin just below 
the skin; subcutaneous infiltration follows in 
twenty-four hours if the patient is tubercular. 
Hamel's t. (for slight jaundice): A little blood is 
drawn by puncture from the lobe of the ear into a 
capillary tube and the tube is allowed to stand for 
a few hours. The serum which collects in the 
upper part of the tube will be yellow if jaundice is 
present. 
Hamilton's t.: When the shoulder-joint is luxated, 
a rule or straight rod applied to the humerus can 
be made to touch the outer condyle and the acro- 
mion at the same time. 
Hammarsten's t.: 1. (For globulinj In a neutral 
solution suspected to contain globulin dissolve 
magnesium sulphate to saturation; the globulin 
will be precipitated and may be filtered out. 2. 
(For bile-pigment.) To one volume of acid mixture 
(1 part HNO3 and 19 parts HC1, each 25 per cent.) 
add four volumes of alcohol. Then add a few 
drops of unknown, and a green color indicates 
biliverdin. 
Hammer's t.: A complement-fixation test for 
tuberculosis, in which the antigen is a mixture of TESTS 
1124 
TESTS 
Koch's old tuberculin and an extract of tuberculous 
granulation tissue. 
Hammerschlag's t.: Determination of the spe- 
cific gravity of the blood by allowing drops of the 
blood to fall into benzene-chloroform mixtures of 
known densities. 
Harding and Ruttan's t. (for aceto-acetic acid): 
Acidify the urine with acetic acid, add J c.c. of 
N/10 sodium nitroprussid, and then overlie the 
solution with concentrated aqueous NH«OH. A 
violet ring is produced. 
Harrower's t. (for hyperthyroidism): Four J gr. 
doses of thyroid extract are given the first day, 
four 1 gr. doses the second day, and four 2 gr. doses 
the third day. A record of the pulse-rate is kept 
during these days as an indication of the amount 
of hyperthyroidism. 
Hart's t. (for oxybutyric acid in urine): Remove 
acetone and diacetic acid by diluting 20 c.c. urine 
with 20 c.c. water, adding a few drops of acetic 
acid, and boiling down to 10 c.c. To this add 10 
c.c. water, mix, and divide between two test-tubes. 
To one tube add 1 c.c. of hydrogen peroxid, warm 
gently, and cool. This transforms /3-oxybutyric 
acid to acetone. Now apply Lange's test for 
acetone to each tube. A positive reaction in the 
tube to which hydrogen peroxid has been added 
shows the presence of 0-oxybutyric acid in the 
original sample of urine. 
Hassall's t. (for glucose): The microscopic obser- 
vation of growth of the Saccharomy'ces cerevis'ioe 
in urine: a sign of the presence of sugar. 
Hay's t. (for bile salts): A pinch of sublimated 
sulphur is dropped in the urine: the sulphur sinks 
if bile is present, but floats if it is absent. 
Hecht's t. (for syphilis): A modification of Wasser- 
mann's reaction, based on the fact that normal 
human serum is capable of dissolving ten times its 
volume of a 2 per cent, solution of sheep's blood. 
Hecht-Weinberg t. Same as Hecht t. 
Hecht-Weinberg-Gradwohl t. (for syphilis): A 
modification of the Wassermann test using not only 
the natural antisheep amboceptor in human serum, 
but also the native hemolytic complement, the 
hemolytic index of the human serum being deter- 
mined before the sheep corpuscles are added to the 
tube. 
heel-knee t.: The patient, lying on his back, is 
asked to close his eyes and touch the knee of one 
leg with the heel of the other and then to pass the 
heel slowly down the front of the shin to the ankle. 
Heichelheim's t. Same as iodipin t. 
Heller's t.: 1. (For albumin in urine.) Stratify 
cold nitric acid below the urine in a test-tube; 
albumin will form a white coagulum between the 
urine and the acid. 2. (For blood in the urine.) 
Add caustic potash and heat; the earthy phos- 
phates are precipitated, and if blood is present, 
they are stained red by hematin. 3. (For glucose 
in urine.) Add a solution of caustic potash: sugar 
will cause a brownish or reddish precipitate. 
hematein t. (for blood): To 5 c.c. of the unknown 
add 5 c.c. of sodium hydroxid, 2 drops of hematein 
solution, and 10 drops of hydrogen peroxid. If 
blood is present the contents will turn rapidly to 
violet red, then to clear brown, and then to pale 
yellow. Without blood these changes come more 
slowly. 
hematoporphyrin t. See Garrod's t. 
hemin t. (for blood.) See Teichmann's t. 
hemoglobin t. See Robert's t., sand t., Stakes' t. 
hemosiderin t. See Perles' t. 
Hennebert's t. See Hennebert's sign, under sign. 
Hering's t.: On looking with both eyes through a 
tube blackened within and having a thread running 
vertically across the farther end, a small round 
body being placed either before or behind the 
thread-if vision is binocular, the subject is able 
at once to tell whether the ball be nearer to him 
than the thread or farther off; but if vision is 
monocular, he cannot tell whether it is nearer or 
farther than the thread. 
Herman-Perutz t. Same as Perutz reaction. See 
reaction. 
Herter's t.: i. (For indol) To the unknown add i 
drop of a 2 per cent, solution of beta-naphtha- 
quinone-sodium-mono-sulphonate. Now add a 
drop of a io per cent, solution of potassium hy- 
droxid and a blue or bluish-green color indicates 
indol. 2. (For skatol.) To the unknown add i c.c. 
of an acid solution of para-dimethyl-amino-benz- 
aldehyd and heat to boiling. The purplish-blue 
color is intensified by the addition of hydrochloric 
acid. 
Herz's t. (for efficiency of the myocardium)-. After 
slowly flexing and extending the forearm, the pulse- 
rate increases when the myocardium is strong and 
decreases when it is weak. 
Herzberg's t. (for free hydrochloric acid in the 
gastric juice): Moisten a paper with a solution of 
Congo-red and dry it: free HC1 colors it blue or 
bluish black. 
Heynsius' t. (for albumin): To a suspected liquid 
add enough acetic acid to render acidulous, and 
then boil with a saturated solution of sodium 
chlorid; albumin will form a flocculent precipitate. 
Hildebrandt's t. (for urobilin in urine): The 
reagent consists of an unfiltered solution of io 
parts of zinc acetate and 90 parts of absolute alco- 
hol. The reagent is shaken before using and equal 
parts of reagent and urine are mixed, the pre- 
cipitate which forms being filtered off. With in- 
crease of urobilin the filtrate shows a distinct green 
fluorescence, either directly or after the addition 
of ammonia. 
Hindenlang's t. (for albumin): To the liquid to 
be tested add solid metaphosphoric acid; albumin, 
if present, forms a precipitate. 
hippuric acia t. See Luecke's t., Spiro's t. 
hock t.: A test for spavin in horses made by holding 
up the limb with a hock bent sharply. The horse 
is then started suddenly, and in cases of spavin the 
first steps are very lame. 
Hoffmann's t. (for tyrosin): Add mercuric nitrate 
to the suspected liquid and boil it; then add nitric 
acid with a little nitrous acid. A red color is pro- 
duced if tyrosin is present, and a red precipitate 
is seen. 
Hofmeister's t.: 1. (For leucin) Warm the sus- 
pected liquid with mercurous nitrate; if leucin 
is present, metallic mercury is deposited. 2. 
(For peptones) Mix phosphotungstic and hydro- 
chloric acids; let the mixture stand twenty-four 
hours, and filter. With this reagent a solution 
containing peptones with no albumin will afford a 
precipitate. 
Holmgren's t.: The use of skeins of colored 
worsted as a test of the perception of colors. A 
skein is given to the subject of the test, and he 
is asked to match it out of a set of variously colored 
skeins. 
Hopkins' thiophene t. (for lactic acid): Add a 
few drops of stomach contents to 5 c.c. of con- 
centrated sulphuric acid containing a little copper 
sulphate and heat two minutes. Cool and add a 
very little thiophene. A cherry-red color indicates 
lactic acid. 
Hopkins-Cole t. (for protein): Glyoxylic acid 
is prepared by the action of sodium amalgam on a 
solution of oxalic acid. A few drops of this solu- 
tion are added to the protein solution and strong 
sulphuric acid poured down the side of the tube. 
A bluish-violet color is produced at the junction 
of the two fluids. 
Hoppe-Seyler t.: 1. (For carbon monoxid in the 
blood.) Add to blood twice its volume of a solu- 
tion of caustic soda of 1.3 specific gravity: normal 
blood will form a dingy brown mass with a green 
shade if spread thin on a white surface; but if carbon monoxid is present, the mass is red, and so 
is the thin layer. 2. (For xanthin.) Add the sub- 
stance to be tested to a mixture of chlorid of lime 
in a porcelain dish; a dark-green ring is formed at 
first. 
Horsley's t. (for glucose): Boil the solution with 
caustic potash and potassium chromate. A green 
color is formed if glucose is present. 
Hunt's t. Same as acetonitril t. 
Huppert's t. (for bile-pigments): The suspected 
solution is treated with lime-water or calcium 
chlorid solution and then with a solution of am- 
monium or sodium carbonate. The precipitate 
of bile-pigments may be removed by shaking 
with chloroform, after washing with water and 
acidulating with acetic acid. Bilirubin colors the 
chloroform yellow and the acetic acid solution 
green. 
Huppert-Cole t. (for bile-pigments): To 50 c.c. 
of the unknown add an excess of baryta water or 
milk of lime. To the precipitate add 5 c.c. of 95 
per cent, alcohol, 2 drops of strong sulphuric 
acid, and 2 drops of a 5 per cent solution of potas- 
sium chlorate. Boil, and the supernatant liquid 
will be emerald or bluish-green if bile is present. 
Hurtley's t. (for aceto-acetic acid): To 10 c.c. of 
the unknown add 2 c.c. of strong hydrochloric acid 
and 1 c.c. of fresh 1 per cent, sodium nitrite solu- 
tion. Shake and add 15 c.c. of concentrated 
ammonium hydroxid and 5 c.c. of 10 per cent, 
ferrous sulphate. A violet or purple color develops 
slowly if aceto-acetic acid is present. 
hydrobilirubin t. See Schmidt's t. 
hydrochloric acid t. See Bell's t., Boaz's t., 
dimethyl-amino-azo-benzol t., Ewald's t., Gtienz- 
burg's t., Hertzberg's t., Leo's t., Luettke's t., Maly's 
t., Mohr's t., Rabuteau's t., Reach's t., Reach's t. (2), 
resorcinol t., Riegler's t., Scivoletto's t., Szabo's t., 
Toepfer's t., vander Velden's t., von Jaksch's t., 
Winkler's t., Witz's t. 
hydrogen dioxid t. (for blood): A 20 per cent, 
solution of hydrogen dioxid is added to the sus- 
pected fluid, when, if blood is present even in 
minute proportion, bubbles will rise, forming foam 
on the surface of the fluid. 
hydrostatic t.: Floating of the lungs of a dead 
infant when placed in water indicates that the 
child was born alive. Called also Raygat's t. 
hydroxylamin t. (for glucose) See Bang's method, 
under method. 
hyperemia t. See Moszkowicz's t. 
hypochlorite-orcinol t. (for glycerol): To 3 c.c. 
of the unknown add 3 drops of N/i sodium hypo- 
chlorite solution and boil one minute to drive off 
chlorin. Then add an equal volume of strong 
hydrochloric acid and a little orcinol. Boil and a 
violet or greenish-blue color indicates glycerol or a 
sugar, or some substance that can be oxidized to a 
sugar. 
hypoxanthin t. See Kossel's t. 
Ilimow's t. (for albumin): Acidulate with acid 
sodium phosphate, filter, and add a solution of 
carbolic acid (1: 20). A cloudy precipitate in- 
dicates albumin. 
Ilosvay's t. (for nitrites)) See Ilosvay's reagent, 
under reagent. 
indican t. See Amann's t., Jaffe's t., Jolie's t., 
MacMunn's t., Obermeyer's t., Wang's t. 
indigo t. See Rosenbach's t., Rosin's t. 
indigo carmin t. (for renal permeability): A solu- 
tion of indigo-carmin is injected intramuscularly 
and the time of its appearance in the urine is noted. 
Normally, it begins to appear in about five minutes. 
Delay beyond this points to defective renal ade- 
quacy. 
indole t. See cholera red t., Herter's t., Kondo's t., 
Legal's t., Nencki's t., nitroso-indol t., para-dimethyl- 
amino-benzaldehyd t., pine wood t., Salkowski's t. 
TESTS 
1125 
indophenol t. (for the presence of oxidizing enzymes 
in cells and for detecting the presence of myeloblasts, 
etc.): Cover-glass films of the cells are fixed in alco- 
hol. Float for ten to twenty minutes, face down, 
upon a freshly prepared solution of equal parts of 
i per cent, aqueous solutions of dimethyl-para- 
phenylendiamin and of alpha-naphthol. Rinse and 
mount in glycerin. The cytoplasm of cells con- 
taining oxidase (myeloblasts, myelocytes, poly- 
morphonuclears, and large mononuclears) will be 
colored blue by indophenol. 
inoculation t. (for acute anterior poliomyelitis)'. 
The cerebrospinal fluid of the suspected patient 
(i. e., before the appearance of paralytic symptoms) 
is injected into a monkey. Paralysis will appear in 
the monkey within seven days if the patient is 
affected. 
inosite t. See Gallois' t., Scherer's t., Seidel's t. 
inulin t.: The use of inulin serum water as a 
medium for the cultivation of bacteria. The fluid 
consists of J ox serum, j distilled water, and i per 
cent, inulin water. 
iodin t. (for starch): When a solution of iodin 
and potassium iodid in water is added to starch, 
and especially to an acid or neutral solution of 
cooked starch-paste, a deep blue color is produced 
which disappears on heating and reappears on cool- 
ing. Erythrodextrin and glycogen give a red 
color with iodin. See also Alfraise's t., Bourget's 
t., Winckler's t. 
iodipin t. (for motility of the stomach): lodipin 
is given in a gelatin capsule. The saliva is then 
examined every fifteen minutes for iodin. The 
presence of iodin in the saliva indicates that 
the iodipin has reached the intestine, as it is not 
decomposed in the stomach. Called also Heichel- 
heim's t. 
iodoform t. (for acetone.) See Gunning's t. 
iron t. See Tizzoni's t. 
irrigation t.: The patient is examined with the 
bladder full. The anterior urethra is washed out 
with a warm solution of boric add (3 per cent.), the 
perineum being compressed to prevent the entrance 
of the fluid into the posterior urethra. When the 
washings are perfectly clear the patient voids his 
urine and any turbidity must come from the pos- 
terior urethra. 
Jacobsthal's t. (for serodiagnosis of syphilis): 
The patient's serum is mixed with alcoholic extract 
of syphilitic liver in the proportion of 1 to 10, and 
the resulting precipitate is examined with the dark 
field illuminator. A strong positive reaction ap- 
pears as a clumpy precipitate, a weak positive 
reaction as a small conglomeration of little fat- 
particles, while a negative reaction is shown as a 
thick emulsion of fine dancing particles: called also 
optic serodiagnosis of syphilis. 
Jacoby's t. (for pepsin): The greatest dilution of 
gastric juice which will clarify an acid solution of 
ricin in three hours at 38° C. gives the number of 
peptic units in the juice. 
Jacquemin's t. (for phenol): Add to the suspected 
liquid an equal quantity of anilin and some sodium 
hypochlorite in solution: a blue color is produced. 
Jadassohn, t. Same as irrigation t. 
Jaffe's t.: 1. (For creatinin, acetone, or glucose.) To 
the liquid to be tested add picric acid in solution 
and a little sodium hydroxid: on warming, a red 
color is produced, which is turned to yellow by 
acids. 2. (For indican.) To the suspected liquid 
is added an equal amount of concentrated hydro- 
chloric acid, 1 c.c. of chloroform, and a few drops of 
a strong solution of sodium hypochlorite. The 
chloroform is colored blue if indican is present. 
Jaksch's t. See von Jaksch's t. 
Janet's t.: A test for differentiating between func- 
tional and organic anesthesia. The patient is in- 
structed to say "yes" or "no," according as he does 
or does not feel the examiner's touch. He may say 
TESTS TESTS 
1126 
TESTS 
"no" in functional anesthesia, but he will say 
nothing in cases of organic anesthesia. 
Javorski's t., Jaworski's t.: In hour-glass 
stomach, a splashing sound will be heard on succus- 
sion of the pyloric portion after siphonage 
jelly-film t. See Ross's t. 
Jenning's t.: A modification of Holmgren's test 
for color perception. Small patches of colored 
worsteds are placed so as to be protected from light 
and dust. The person to be examined indicates 
his color selection by pricking the record sheet 
with a pointed pencil. 
Johnson's t. (for albumin): Put the urine in a 
test-tube and carefully pour upon it a strong 
solution of picric acid: a white coagulum of al- 
bumin appears at the junction of the liquids, 
which heating augments. 
Jolies' t.: 1. (For bile-pigments in urine) The 
urine is shaken with barium chlorid solution, chloro- 
form, and a few drops of hydrochloric acid. The 
precipitate is removed and partially dried. Treat- 
ment with 2 drops of strong sulphuric acid will 
bring out the characteristic colors of the bile- 
pigments. 2. (For indican) To the urine add a 
little alcoholic solution of thymol and fuming 
hydrocbolric acid containing | per cent, of ferric 
chlorid. Chlofororm shaken with this mixture 
becomes violet in color. 
Justus' t. (for syphilis): Administration of mercury 
by inunction or subcutaneously, when, if syphilis 
is present, there will be a fall of hemoglobin of 
from 10 to 20 per cent. 
Kabatschnik's t. (for hearing): A tuning-fork is 
held near the open ear and removed the moment the 
sound ceases; it is then applied to the nail of the 
examiner's finger and this finger is placed so as to 
close the patient's external auditory meatus. In 
a normal ear the sound will be heard again, although 
the fork has not been struck a second time. 
Kafta's t. (for cerebrospinal syphilis): A modifica- 
tion of the mastic test, made with a solution of 
sodium bicarbonate, sodium chlorid, mastic resin, 
and a stain; called also the stained normomastic t. 
Kahn's t.: A modification of the Sachs-Georgi test 
for syphilis. 
kairin t. See Petri's t. 
Kantor and Gies' t. (for proteins): Test papers 
made by dipping them in Gies' reagent (see 
under Gies' t), drying and cuttinginto strips, 
are used in making their biuret test. 
Kaplan's t. (for globulin-albumin in spinal fluid): 
To 0.2 c.c. of the fluid in a test-tube are added 
0.3 c.c. of distilled water. This is boiled up twice. 
Three drops of a 5 per cent, solution of butyric 
acid in physiologic salt solution are added and the 
mixture carefully underlaid with 0.5 c.c. of a 
saturated aqueous solution of ammonium sulphate. 
After twenty minutes a definite ring will form at 
the point of contact if globulin-albumin is present. 
Kashiwado's t. (for pancreatic disease): The 
patient swallows stained nuclei from a calf's 
thymus mixed with lycopodium grains. These 
later serve to indicate the portion of the feces which 
is to be examined. 
Kastle's t. (for raw milk): To 5 c.c. of the milk 
add 0.3 c.c. of M/10 hydrogen peroxid solution 
and 1 c.c. of a 1 per cent, solution of tricresol. 
Raw milk will give a slight yellow color, boiled 
milk will not. 
Kathrein's t. Same as Marechal's t. 
Katyama's t. (for carbonyl-hemoglobin): To 5 drops 
of blood add 10 c.c. of water, 5 drops of orange- 
colored ammonium sulphid, and enough acetic 
acid to make the mixture acid. CO causes a rose- 
red color; normal blood, a dirty greenish gray. 
Katzenstein's t. (for efficiency of the myocardium): 
On constriction of the femoral arteries the systolic 
blood-pressure is increased in cases where the 
myocardium is efficient. 
Kelling's t.: i. (For lactic acid in the stomach) 
The stomach-contents are diluted with water, and 
to them are added one or two drops of a 5 per cent, 
watery solution of ferric chlorid. A greenish-yellow 
color is formed when lactic acid is present. 2. A 
test for the presence and location of an esophageal 
diverticulum by the sound of swallowing. 3. (For 
gastric carcinoma.) A test based on the fact that 
the serum of cancer patients will dissolve the red 
corpuscles of the hen. 
Kentmann's t. (Jor formaldehyd): Dissolve in a 
test-tube 0.1 gm. of morphin in 1 c.c. of sulphuric 
acid; add. without mixing, an equal volume of the 
liquid to be tested: in a short time the latter will 
take on a red-violet color if any formaldehyd is 
present. 
Kerner's t. (Jor creatinin): Acidify the suspected 
solution and add phosphomolybdic or phospho- 
tungstic acid in solution: if creatinin is present, 
it will form a crystalline precipitate. 
Kinberg t. (for liver function): After a low nitrogen 
content diet for several days, 50 gm. of gelatin dis- 
solved in hot chocolate is taken fasting. In liver 
disease there is an increase in the output of amino- 
acids, except in congestion of the liver and catarrhal 
jaundice. 
Kiutsi-Malone t. (for pregnancy): A modifica- 
tion of the Abderhalden test based on the presence 
of specific enzymes in the urine. 
Kjeldahl t. (for nitrogen.) See Kjeldahl method, 
under method. 
Klausner's t. (for syphilis): The patient's serum is 
placed in a test-tube and covered with distilled 
water. A turbidity at the plane of contact indi- 
cates syphilis. 
Klemperer's t. (for motor power of stomach): Wash 
out the stomach and introduce by the stomach- 
tube 100 c.c. of olive oil. After two hours with- 
draw the oil. As the stomach cannot absorb the 
oil, the amount withdrawn subtracted from the 
amount introduced indicates the amount passed 
out of the stomach. In the normal stomach not 
more than 20 to 40 c.c. should remain after two 
hours. 
Knapp's t.: 1. (For sugar in the urine.) 10 gm. 
of mercuric cyanid are dissolved in 100 c.c. of a 
solution of caustic soda and diluted: heated with 
diabetic urine, metallic mercury is precipicated. 
2. (For organic acids in stomach) Stomach-contents 
are filtered and 1 c.c. treated with 5 c.c. of ether. 
The extract is floated on dilute iron solution in 
tesi-tubes, and the various colored rings formed will 
indicate the presence of the various acids. 
Kober's t. (for proteins in milk): The proteins are 
precipitated with sulphosalicylic acid and the 
precipitate estimated nephelometrically. 
Robert's t. (for hemoglobin): The suspected liquid 
is treated with zinc powder or a solution of zinc 
sulphate; the resulting precipitate is stained red 
by alkalis. 
Koch's t. (for hemorrhagic diathesis): With a needle 
pricks are made into the subcutaneous tissue. In 
hemorrhagic diathesis a bloody effusion develops 
around the pricks. 
Kolmer's t.: 1. A modification of the Wasser- 
mann test for syphilis. 2. A specific complement- 
fixation test for various bacterial diseases. 
Kondo's t. (for indol or skatoT): To 1 c.c. of the 
unknown add 3 drops of a 40 per cent, solution of 
formaldehyd' and 1 c.c. of concentrated sulphuric 
acid. A violet-red color indicates indol; a yellow 
or brown color, skatol. 
Konew's t. (for glanders): A test-tube is filled to the 
depth of 3 cm. with mallease, and blood-serum from 
the suspected subject is introduced by means of a 
pipet at the bottom of the tube beneath the 
mallease. If the patient be affected with glanders 
a white cloudiness will appear along the line sepa- 
rating the two liquids. Called also ring test. Korotkow's t.: In aneurysm, if the blood-pressure 
in the peripheral circulation remains fairly high 
while the artery above the aneurysm is compressed, 
the collateral circulation is good. 
Kossel's t. (for hypoxanthin): The liquid to be 
tested is treated with zinc and hydrochloric acid 
hnd with sodium hydroxid in excess: if hypoxanthin 
is present, a ruby-red color is produced. 
Kottmann's t. (for thyroid function): To 1 c.c. of 
clear blood-serum add 0.25 c.c. of 0.5 per cent, 
solution of KI and 0.3 c.c. of 0.5 per cent, solution 
of AgNOs. Expose serum for five minutes to light 
of 500 watt Mazda lamp at 25 cm. distance. Then 
add 0.5 c.c. of 0.25 per cent, solution of hydro- 
chinon. Normal serum turns brown in a short 
time; that of patients with hypothyroidism in a 
shorter time; that of patients with hyperthy- 
roidism only after considerable delay. 
Kowarsky's t. : 1. (For glucose in urine.) In a test- 
tube place 5 drops of pure phenylhydrazin, 10 drops 
of glacial acetic acid, and 1 c.c. of saturated solu- 
tion of sodium chlorid. To the mass which results 
add 2 or 3 c.c. of urine; boil two minutes, and cool. 
If glucose is present, crystals of phenylglucosazone 
will be seen with the microscope. 2. (Blood-test 
for diabetes.) Test of the patient's blood based on 
the reduction of a copper solution by the sugar in 
the blood to cuprous oxid, and the dissolving of the 
latter in an acid solution of ferrous sulphate, which 
causes the separation of an equal amount of ferrous 
oxid, which is measured by titration with potas- 
sium permanganate. 
Krauss's t. See Krauss's reaction, under reaction. 
Krokiewicz's t. (for bile-pigment in urine): 1 c.c. of 
a 1 per cent, solution of sodium nitrate and 1 c.c. 
of a 1 per cent, solution of sulphanilic acid are 
mixed and added drop by drop to 0.5 c.c. of urine. 
The amount added must not exceed 10 drops. The 
mixture becomes bright red, changing to amethyst 
on the addition of 1 or 2 drops of concentrated 
hydrochloric acid and a large amount of water. 
Kultz's t. (for B-oxybutyric acid): 1. The fermented 
urine is evaporated to a syrupy consistence, strong 
sulphuric acid in equal volume is added, and the 
mixture is distilled. If oxybutyric acid is present, 
a-crotonic acid will be formed, which will crystal- 
lize. 2. If, after fermentation, the urine shows 
dextrorotatory properties, /3-oxybutyric acid is 
present. 
Laborde's t. (for death): Oxidation of a needle 
plunged into the muscle of a limb after twenty to 
sixty minutes if life be present. 
lactic acid t. See Boaz's t., Hopkins' t. (2), Kell- 
ing's t., Strauss's t. 
lactose t. See Cole's t., Mathews' t., Meyer's t. (2), 
Moore's t., mucic acid t., Rubner's t. 
lactose t. (for renal function): 20 gm. of lactose 
dissolved in 20 c.c. of distilled water are injected 
under aseptic precautions into a vein at the bend 
of the elbow. The urine is collected hourly and 
tested (Nylander's test) until the sugar reaction 
ceases to be positive. If lactose secretion con- 
tinues for more than five hours renal disease is 
indicated. 
Ladendorff's t. (for blood): Treat the suspected 
liquid with tincture of guaiacum, and afterward 
with eucalyptus oil: the upper stratum of the 
mixture is turned violet and the lower blue if 
blood is present. 
Landau color t. (for syphilis): To 0.2 c.c. of clear 
serum from the patient add 0.01 c.c. of a reagent 
consisting of a 1 per cent, solution of iodin in carbon 
tetrachlorid. Shake thoroughly until the iodin color 
has disappeared. Let stand for four or five hours. 
A positive reaction is shown by a clear, transparent, 
yellow color; a negative one by an opaque grayish 
color. 
Lang's t. (for taurin): The solution to be tested 
is boiled with freshly prepared mercuric oxid: 
taurin will cause a white precipitate to appear. 
TESTS 
1127 
Lange's t.: i. (For the presence of protein (globu- 
lin) in the cerebrospinal fluid, and thus for the 
diagnosis of cerebrospinal syphilis.) It is per- 
formed by the addition of a preparation of col- 
loidal gold to ten dilutions of spinal fluid, 
ranging from i : io to i : 5120. The results are 
interpreted according to the changes in color 
which Result. When no change occurs the reac- 
tion is negative and is recorded as o. The color 
changes depend upon the amount of gold precipi- 
tated and are recorded as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the last being 
clear, owing to complete precipitation of the gold. 
Syphilis of the nervous system gives a reaction in 
the first five dilutions: tuberculous meningitis 
reacts in the middle dilutions, pyogenic meningitis 
reacts in the high dilutions, while general paresis 
gives a reaction different from that given by cere- 
brospinal syphilis or tabes. Called also gold-sol 
test, gold number method, and colloidal gold chlorid 
test. 2. (For acetone in urine i) 15 c.c. of urine are 
mixed with 0.5 to 1 c.c. of acetic acid, and a few 
drops of a freshly prepared concentrated solution 
of sodium nitroprussid added. The mixture is 
overlaid with ammonia. At the point of junction 
a characteristic violet ring is formed. 
lantern-t.: A test for color-blindness made with 
a set of specially devised lanterns. 
Lautier's t. (for tuberculosis)-. A few drops of a 1 
per cent, solution of old tuberculin are placed on the 
arm, covered with cotton, and left tor forty-eight 
hours: if tuberculosis is present there will develop 
a patch of vesicles on an elevated reddened base. 
Leach's t. (for formaldehyd): To 10 c.c. of milk add 
10 c.c. of concentrated hydrochloric acid con- 
taining 0.02 per cent, of ferric chlorid. Heat, and 
if formaldehyd is present a violet color will be 
produced. 
lead t. See Blythe's t. 
Legal's t.: 1. (For acetone.) Render the urine acid 
with HC1 and distil it. Liquor potassae and sodium 
nitroprussid added to the distillate produce a 
ruby-red tint, which acetic acid changes to purple. 
Creatinin will also produce a red color, but this 
color disappears when acetic acid is put in. 2. 
(For indoli) To the unknown add a few drops of 
sodium nitroprussid. Make alkaline with potas- 
sium hydroxid. The violet color changes to blue 
on the addition of acetic acid. 
Leiner's t. (for casein or paracasein)-. A piece of 
feces is fixed by heat on a slide and stained with 
a solution of acid fuchsin and methyl green. A 
pale blue or violet color is formed. 
Le Nobel's t. See Nobel's t. 
Leo's t. (for free hydrochloric acid): Calcium car- 
bonate is added to the solution, which is neutralized 
if the acidity is due to free acid, but not if due to 
acid salts. 
Lessilur-Prirey t.: A test for albumin in the 
sputum, the presence of which is believed to indi- 
cate the existence of pulmonary tuberculosis. 
leucin t. See Hofmeister's t., Sherer's t. 
levulose t. See Borchard's t., Cipollina's t., methyl- 
phenyl-hydrazin t., resorcinol-hydrochloric acid t., 
Rubner's t. 
Lieben's t. (for acetone in urine): Acidulate and 
distil it, and treat with ammonia and tincture of 
iodin: if acetone is present, a yellow precipitate 
of iodoform is produced. 
Lieben-Ralfe t. (for acetone): Boil 1.3 gm. of 
potassium iodid in 3.75 c.c. of liquor potassae; 
float the urine on the surface of the reagent in a 
test-tube: a precipitate of phosphate is formed 
at the upper surface of the reagent, which, if 
acetone is present, will be rendered yellow by 
iodoform. 
Liebermann's t. (for proteins): X precipitate is 
made from the urine with alcohol; wash this with 
ether and heat with strong hydrochloric acid: 
this produces a fine violet-blue color if proteins 
are present. 
TESTS Liebermann-Burchard t. (for cholesterin): Dis- 
solve the suspected substance in chloroform, add 
acetic anhydrid, and treat with strong sulphuric 
acid; if cholesterin is present, a violet color is 
produced, which soon changes to green. 
Liebig's t. (for cystin): Boil the suspected sub- 
stance with a caustic alkali and a little lead sul- 
phid: if cystin is present, the lead sulphid will 
form a black precipitate. 
Ligat's t. (for cutaneous hyperesthesia in abdominal 
disease): The skin is pinched between the thumb 
and forefinger and lifted up from the parts below. 
Ligniere's t.: A modification of the cuti-reaction 
consisting in shaving the skin and rubbing in a 
few drops of raw tuberculin. In tuberculous per- 
sons there appear papules whose color varies from 
pale pink to deep red. 
Lindemann's t. (for diacetic acid in urine): To 
about 10 c.c. of urine add 5 drops 30 per cent, acetic 
acid, 5 drops Lugol's solution, and 2 or 3 c.c. chlo- 
roform, and shake. The chloroform does not 
change color if diacetic acid be present, but be 
comes reddish violet in its absence. Uric acid also 
decolorizes iodin, and if much is present double the 
amount of Lugol's solution should be used. 
lipase t. (for liver function): A test based on the 
fact that lipase is present in the blood-plasma of 
normal individuals in a constant amount. Liver 
injury will cause a rise in the lipase of the blood- 
plasma. 
Lipp's t. See sand t. 
liver function t. See lipase t., phenol-tetrachlor- 
phthalein t 
Loewe's t. (for glucose in urine): Treat the urine 
with a solution of soda containing bismuth sub- 
nitrate and glycerin: sugar gives a dark precipitate. 
Loewi's t.: Three drops of adrenalin chlorid solu- 
tion 1 : 1000 are instilled into the conjunctival sac, 
followed in five minutes by 3 more drops. This 
produces dilation of the pupil in pancreatic insuf- 
ficiency, diabetes, and hyperthyroidism. 
Lowenthal's t. (for glucose not in urine): Boil 
the suspected substance with a solution of ferric 
chlorid, tartaric acid, and sodium carbonate; if 
glucose is present, the liquid becomes dark, and 
iron oxid is freely precipitated. 
Lucke's t. (for hippuric acid): Add boiling hot 
nitric acid and then evaporate; heat the dry 
residue: a strong odor of nitrobenzol proves the 
presence of hippuric acid. 
Luebert's t. (for formaldehyd in milk): 5 gm. 
of coarsely powdered potassium sulphate are placed 
in a 100 c.c. flask; 5 c.c. of suspected milk are put 
over it by a pipet, and 10 c.c. of sulphuric acid 
(specific gravity, 1.84) are run down the side of the 
flask. If formaldehyd is present, a violet colora- 
tion soon occurs: if none is present, the fluid be- 
comes brown or black. 
luetin t. See Noguchi's leutin reaction, under 
reaction. 
Lilttke's t. (for free hydrochloric acid in the gastric 
juice): A quantitative determination in succession 
of the total chlorids, the chlorin in the fixed chlorids, 
and then the combined and free HO. 
Lyle and Curtman's t. (for blood): Boil the stool 
with acetic acid, extract it with ether, and to the 
ethereal extract add a little guaiaconic acid in 95 
per cent alcohol. A decided green or light blue 
or purple color indicates the presence of blood. 
MacDonagh's t. See gel t. 
MacLean-de Wesselow t. See urea concentration t. 
MacMunn's t. (for indican): Boil the urine in an 
equal quantity of hydrochloric acid and a little 
nitric acid; cool, and shake with chloroform, 
which becomes violet, and shows one absorption- 
band due to indigo-blue and one due to indigo-red. 
MacWilliams' t. (for albumin): Take 20 c.c. of 
urine and add 2 drops of a saturated solution of 
TESTS 
1128 
salicylsulphonic acid: if albumin is present, a 
cloudiness or precipitate will be seen: if albumoses 
or peptones are present, this precipitate will disap- 
pear on boiling, but appears again on cooling 
magnesionitric t.: A test for albumin in the urine 
made with i part each of nitric acid and magne- 
sium sulphate. • 
Magpie's t. (for salts of mercury): Stannous chlorid 
is added to the suspected solution, when a white 
and gray precipitate is formed, consisting of metal- 
lic mercury and calomel. 
Malerba's t. (for acetone): Add a solution of di- 
methylparaphenylendiamin: a fine red or reddish 
color is seen. 
Malmejde's t.: If the urine of a tuberculous per- 
son is collected in sterile bottles and kept in free 
contact with air, but protected from dust, it pre- 
serves its acid reaction for from twelve days to 
three months, whereas the urine of healthy persons 
becomes alkaline in from three to ten days Called 
also uro-reaction. 
Malot's t. A test for the quantitative determina- 
tion of phosphoric acid in urine by the reaction with 
cochineal and a uranium salt. 
maltose t. See Rubner's t. 
Maly's t.: i. (For free hydrochloric acid in the gastric 
juice.) A solution of methylene-blue is added: 
the free acid will turn it from a violet to a green 
or blue tint. 2. (For free hydrochloric acid in 
stomach-contents.) Filter into a glass dish and 
stain blue with ultramarine; place a piece of lead 
paper over it and cover; warm the mixture: the 
free acid will turn the blue to brown and darken 
the lead-paper. 
Mandel's t. (for proteins): Add to the suspected 
liquid a 5 per cent, solution of chromic acid: 
proteins will cause a precipitation. 
Mantoux t. (for tuberculosis). Same as Mendel's t. 
Marechal's t. (for bile-pigments in urine): Drop 
tincture of iodin carefully into the tube: when 
the drops touch the urine, a green color is seen. 
Marechal-Rosin t. Same as Martchai's t. 
Marris' atropin t. (for typhoid and paratyphoid 
A and B infections): The patient lies horizontally 
and completely quiet throughout the test, which is 
not employed till at least one hour after the last 
meal. The pulse-rate is counted minute by min- 
ute until it is found to be steady-usually a 
matter of ten minutes. Atropin sulphate is then 
injected hypodermically, the dose being grain, 
preferably over the triceps region, to ensure 
rapid absorption. Twenty-five minutes later the 
pulse is again counted minute by minute, until 
it is clear that any rise which may have followed 
the injection has begun to pass off. The difference 
between the average pulse-rate before the injec- 
tion and the maximum reached after it gives the 
"escape," or acceleration of the pulse-rate, brought 
about by the dose of atropin. If the escape is 
14 or less the case may be regarded as one of typhoid 
or paratyphoid fever. If it is 15 or more, the reac- 
tion is said to be negative. 
Marsh's t. (for arsenic or antimony): Nascent 
hydrogen obtained from zinc and dilute sulphuric 
acid is allowed to act on the suspected substance; 
if arsenic is present, hydrogen arsenid (AsH3) is 
formed. Ignite this gas and hold a piece of 
porcelain in the jet of flame: metallic arsenic is 
deposited. For antimony the same test is ser- 
viceable, but the arsenical mirror is dissolved by 
potassium hypochlorite, while the antimonial 
mirror is not affected by it. 
Marshall's t. (for urea): Treat the specimen with 
urease and titrate the ammonia so formed. See 
under method. 
Maschke's t. See von Maschke's t. 
Masset's t. (for bile-pigments in urine): Add 2 or 
3 drops of sulphuric acid and a crystal of potassium 
nitrite: a grass-green color shows the presence of 
bile-pigments. 
TESTS mastic t. (for cerebrospinal syphilis): A test depend- 
ing on the precipitation of a solution containing 
mastic in cases of syphilis, and no change in the 
solution in negative cases. Called also Emanuel- 
Cutting test. 
Mathews' t. (for lactose and glucose): If both glucose 
and lactose are suspected, make a total quantitative 
test by Benedict's method. Add yeast to the urine 
and ferment out the dextrose, then make a second 
quantitative determination. The second deter- 
mination is or may be lactose; confirm with the 
osazone test. The difference between the two 
determinations is glucose. 
Maumene's t. (for glucose): Heat the urine with a 
little stannous chlorid; if sugar is present, a dark- 
brown precipitate will be formed. 
Mauthner's t.: A method of testing color-blindness 
by the use of small bottles filled with different 
pigments, some with one only and some with two, 
the latter containing either pseudoisochromatic or 
isochromatic solutions. 
Mayer's t. (foralkaloids): Mercuric chlorid, 13I gm., 
and potassium iodid, 50 gm., are dissolved in 1000 
c.c. of water: this is used as a test for alkaloid, 
with which it gives a white precipitate. 
Mayerhofer's t.: The reduction of a decinormal 
solution of potassium permanganate solution by 
1 c.c. of spinal fluid in an acid medium as an index 
of the amount of protein substance present in the 
fluid: used as an indication of the existence of 
tuberculous meningitis. 
Mehu's t. (for albumin in urine): Add a little 
nitric acid, and mix with 10 volumes of a solution 
of 2 parts of alcohol, 1 part of phenol, and 1 part 
of acetic acid; shake it and a white precipitate ap- 
pears. This test is said not to be entirely trust- 
worthy. 
Meigs' t. (for fat in milk): To 10 c.c. of milk in a 
special apparatus add 20 c.c. of water, 20 c.c. of 
ethyl ether, and shake. Then add 20 c.c. of 95 
per cent, alcohol. Remove the etherea* layer, 
evaporate, and weigh. 
Meinicke t.: A flocculation test for syphilis. 
melanin t. See Eiselt's t., Thormaehlen's t., Zel- 
ler's t. 
Meltzer-Lyon t. (for biliary disease)- A strong 
solution of magnesium sulphate is instilled into the 
duodenum by means of a tube, with the hope that 
this will paralyze the sphincter of Oddi, and that 
this paralysis will be followed by reflex contraction 
of the gall-bladder, thus permitting the collection 
of separate specimens of bile from the common 
duct, the gall-bladder, and the liver. 
Mendel's t.: A tuberculin test by injecting into the 
superficial layers of the skin 0.05 c.c. of diluted old 
tuberculin. A positive reaction consists in infiltra- 
tion and hyperemia around the site of the injection. 
Called also intracutaneous tuberculin test. 
mercury t. See Magpie's t. 
Merieux-Baillon t.: The serum from a tuber- 
culous person is injected into the person to be 
tested; if the latter is tuberculous a reaction will be 
produced. 
methylene-blue t. (for renal permeability): A 
solution of methylene-blue is injected intramuscu- 
larly and the time of its appearance in the urine is 
noted. Normally, it appears in about thirty 
minutes. When delayed beyond this, renal per- 
meability is less than normal. Called Achard and 
Castaigne's t. 
methyl-phenyl-hydrazine t. (for levulose): Add 
4 gm. of methyl-phenyl-hydrazine to 10 c.c. of 
unknown (containing about 2 gm. of levulose) and 
enough alcohol to clarify the solution. Add 4 c.c. 
of 50 per cent, acetic acid and heat five to ten 
minutes. Reddish-yellow needles of methyl- 
nhenvl-levulosozone indicate levulose. 
Mette's t. (for estimating pepsin): Tubes of coagu- 
lated albumin are introduced into the unknown 
TESTS 
1129 
and into a standard pepsin HC1 mixture and the 
amount of digestion occurring in a given time is 
noted. 
Meyer's t.: i. The blood-vessel of a freshly killed 
ox is placed in the solution to be tested; if it con- 
tracts, adrenalin is assumed to be present 2. (For 
lactose.') Precipitate the proteins of the milk with 
phosphotungstic acid and titrate the filtrate with 
Benedict's solution. 3. (For blood.) See Meyer's 
reagent, under reagent. 
Michailow's t. (for proteins): Add ferrous sulphate 
to the solution, underlay it with strong sulphuric 
acid and a drop or so of nitric acid: a brown ring 
and red coloration indicate the presence of proteins. 
micobiologic t.: Micologic test. 
micologic t. (for sugar in urine): To the specimen 
of urine an equal quantity of 1 per cent, peptone 
solution is added. This mixture is sown with some 
species of Monilia. If sugar is present, gas is de- 
veloped. 
milk t. See Babcock's t., Bauer's t. (3), Kastle's t., 
Kober's t., Storck's t., Wilkinson and Peter's t. 
Millard's t. (for albumin): Make a reagent of 2 
parts of liquefied carbolic acid, 6 parts of glacial 
acetic acid, and 22 parts of a solution of potassium 
hydroxid: this precipitates albumin. 
Millon's t. (for proteins and nitrogenous com- 
pounds): A solution is made of 10 gm. of mercury 
and 20 gm. of nitric acid; this is diluted with an 
equal volume of water and decanted after standing 
twenty-four hours. This reagent gives a red color 
with proteins and other substances, such as tyrosin, 
phenol, and thymol, which contain the hydroxy- 
phenyl group. 
miostagmin t. See under reaction. 
Mitscherlich's t. (for phosphorus in the stomach): 
The contents of the stomach are made acid and 
distilled in the dark. The condenser will contain 
a luminous ring. Small amounts of alcohol, ether, 
or turpentine will prevent the reaction. 
Mohr's t. (for hydrochloric acid in the stomach-con- 
tents): Dilute to a light-yellow color a solution 
of iron acetate, free from alkaline acetates; add 
a few drops of a solution of potassium sulpho- 
cyanid, and then the filtered contents of the stom- 
ach: if they contain the acid, a red coloring ensues, 
which is destroyed by sodium acetate. 
Molisch's t.: 1. (For glucose in urine.) Add 2 c.c. 
of urine, 2 drops of a 15 per cent, solution of 
thymol, and an equal volume of strong sulphuric 
acid, and a deep-red color results. 2 (For glucose.) 
To 1 c.c. of urine add 2 or 3 drops of a 5 per cent, 
solution of alpha-naphthol in alcohol, then add 2 
c.c. of strong sulphuric acid; a deep violet color is 
produced, and a violet precipitate follows if water 
is added. 3. (For proteins.) The substance is 
treated with a 15 per cent, alcoholic solution of 
alpha-naphthol and then with concentrated sul- 
phuric acid; a violet color is formed if proteins 
are present. 
monosaccharid t. See Barfoed's t. 
Moore's t. (for glucose or any carbohydrate): Boil 
the suspected solution with sodium or potassium 
hydroxid; if glucose or lactose is present, a yellow 
or brown color is produced. 
Morelli's t. (to differentiate between an exudate and 
a transudate): Add a few drops of the suspected 
fluid to a saturated solution of mercuric chlorid in 
a test-tube; a flaky precipitate indicates a transu- 
date, a clot indicates an exudate. 
Moriz-Weisz t. (for urochromogen in urine): Three 
drops of a 1 : 1000 solution of potassium perman- 
ganate are added to a test-tube half full of a mix- 
ture of urine with 2 parts of water. With a 
positive reaction the fluid turns yellow. If the 
reaction is negative the test is repeated with the 
urine diluted in half. It is thought to indicate the 
presence of tuberculous infection. 
Mbrner's t. (for tyrosin): To a small quantity of the 
crystals in a test-tube add a few cubic centimeters 
TESTS TESTS 
1130 
TESTS 
of Morner's reagent (formalin, 1 c.c.; distilled 
water, 45 c.c.; concentrated sulphuric acid, 55 c.c.). 
Heat gently to the boiling-point. A green color 
shows the presence of tyrosin. 
morphin t. See Oliver's t., Weppen's t. 
Moszkowicz's t.: A test for arteriosclerosis made 
by rendering the lower limb bloodless by means of 
an Esmarch bandage. This is removed after five 
minutes have elapsed, when, in a normal limb, the 
color will return in a few seconds, but in one affected 
by arteriosclerosis the return of color takes place 
much more slowly. Called also hyperemia t. 
Moynihan's t. (for hour-glass stomach): The two 
parts of a Seidlitz powder are given separately: 
in hour-glass stomach two distinct sacs can be 
observed. 
mucic acid t. (for galactose, lactose, et al.): To the 
unknown add 20 per cent, of its volume of nitric 
acid and evaporate on water-bath to about 20 
per cent, of its original volume. A fine white 
precipitate of mucic acid indicates galactose or a 
carbohydrate containing galactose. 
Mulder's t.: 1. (For glucose.) Alkalinize the solu- 
tion with sodium carbonate: on adding a solution 
of indigo-carmin and heating the mixture is decolor- 
ized, but becomes blue again when shaken with air. 
2. (For proteins.) Treat the suspected substance 
with nitric acid: proteins are turned yellow by it; 
alkalinize the substance and it becomes an orange 
yellow. Called also xanthoproteic reaction. 
Muller's t.: 1. (For cystin i) Boil the substance 
with potassium hydroxid until dissolved; when 
cold, dilute it with water: a solution of sodium 
nitroprussid produces a violet coloration, which 
soon changes to a yellow. 2. A drop of pus is 
allowed to fall into a small vessel containing some 
Millon's reagent. Ordinary pus forms a little 
lump that soon disintegrates and colors the liquid 
bright red. Tuberculous pus forms a tough skin 
on the surface of the fluid, which, if pushed down, 
takes on a globular shape. 
Muller-Jochmann t.: When a trace of pus is 
placed on some sterile coagulated blood-serum, 
and the latter put in an incubator, no change takes 
place if the pus is tuberculous. Ordinary pus, on 
the other hand, will form a cup-shaped depression 
in the culture-medium. 
murexid t. See Weidel's t. 
Mylius't. (for bile acids): To each cubic centimeter 
of the solution of bile acids add 1 c.c. of strong 
sulphuric and 1 drop of furfurol solution; if bile 
acids are present, a red color is produced, which 
turns to a bluish violet in the course of a day or so. 
Nagel's t.: A test for color vision performed by 
means of cards with the colors printed in concentric 
circles. 
Nakayama's t. (for bile-pigments): Add 5 c.c. of 
acid urine to the same amount of 10 per cent, 
barium chlorid solution and centrifugalize. To 
the precipitate is added 2 c.c. of a reagent con- 
sisting of 99 parts of 95 per cent, alcohol, 1 part of 
fuming hydrochloric acid to a liter of which 4 gm. 
of ferric chlorid has been added. The fluid is 
boiled, when a green color is obtained, which, on 
the addition of yellow nitric acid, becomes violet 
or red. 
Nencki's t. (for indol): Treat the suspected material 
with nitric acid and a little nitrous acid: a red color 
follows, and in concentrated solution a red pre- 
cipitate may appear. 
Nessler's t. (for free ammonia.) See Nessler's 
reagent, under reagent. 
Neubauer and Fischer's t.: The glycyltrypto- 
phan test. 
Neukomm's t. (for bile acids): A drop of the sus- 
pected substance is placed on a small white porce- 
lain cover with a drop of dilute cane-sugar solution 
and one of dilute sulphuric acid. The mixture is 
carefully evaporated over a flame, a violet stain 
being left if bile acids are present. 
Nickles' t. (for distinguishing cane-sugar from 
glucose): Heat the sugar with carbon tetrachlorid 
to ioo° C. This blackens cane-sugar, but not 
glucose. 
ninhydrin t. (for amino-acid nitro gen.) See Hard- 
ing and MacLean's t. 
Nippe's t. (for blood): A modified form of Teich- 
mann's test. 
nitrates t. See Allesandri and Guaceni's t. 
nitrites t. See Griess's t., llosvay's t. 
nitropropiol t. (for sugar in urine): The urine 
is mixed with an alkali and heated with ortho- 
nitrophenylpropiolic acid, when the color reaction 
will be seen. 
nitroso-indol-nitrate t. (for indol and skatol): 
Acidify the unknown with nitric acid and add a 
few drops of potassium nitrite. A red color or a 
red precipitate indicates indol; a white turbidity, 
skatol. 
Nobel's t.: i. (For aceto-acetic acid and acetone.) 
Stratify ammonium hydroxid on urine acidified 
with acetic acid and to which a little sodium 
nitroprussid has been added. A violet ring at.the 
junction indicates aceto-acetic acid or acetone. 
2. (For bile-pigments.) Add zinc chlorid and a 
little of the tincture of iodin; a dichroic coloration 
follows. 
Noguchi t. See Noguchi reaction, under reaction. 
Nonne-Apelt t. See Nonne-Apelt reaction under 
reaction. 
Norris atropin t. See atropin t. 
Nothnagel's t.: A crystal of a sodium salt placed 
upon the serous surface of the bowel in operations 
on the intestine causes an ascending peristalsis, 
and thus shows the direction of the exposed gut. 
nuclear t., nucleus t. (for proteolytic pancreatic 
function): A test based on the fact that cell-nuclei 
are digested by the pancreatic juice, and not by the 
stomach. 
nucleo-albumen t. See Ott's t. 
Nylander's t. (for glucose in urine): Dissolve 2 
parts of bismuth subnitrate and 4 of sodium and 
potassium tartrate in 100 c.c. of a 10 per cent, 
solution of sodium hydroxid; of this add 1 part to 
10 of the suspected urine and boil five minutes; 
a black coloration or black precipitate indicates a 
reducing sugar. 
nystagmus t. See Bdrdny's symptom, under 
symptom. 
Obermeyer's t. (for indican in urine): Precipitate 
the urine with a 1:5 lead acetate solution with 
care, lest an excess of the reagent be taken; filter 
and agitate the filtrate with an equal amount of 
fuming hydrochloric acid containing a little of 
the solution of ferric chlorid; to this add chloro- 
form, which is turned blue by indigo. 
Obermuller's t. (for cholesterin): Put the sub- 
stance to be tested in a test-tube and melt it with 
a drop or two of propionic anhydrid over a small 
flame: on cooling, the mass becomes successively 
blue, green, orange, carmin, and copper-colored. 
Oliver's t.: 1. (For albumin.) Underlay the urine 
with a 1:4 solution of sodium tungstate and a 
10: 6 solution of citric acid: a white coagulum 
at the junction of the two layers shows the pres- 
ence of albumin. 2. (For sugar.) Boil the sus- 
pected liquid with indigo-carmin: sugar will 
change the blue to a red or yellow. 3. (For mor- 
phin.) If, to a solution of morphin, a few cubic 
centimeters of hydrogen peroxid be added and the 
mixture be stirred with a piece of copper wire, the 
solution takes on a deep port-wine color, with the 
evolution of gas. 4. (For bile acids.) To 5 c.c. of 
the unknown add 2 to 3 drops of acetic acid and 
filter. An equal volume of 1 per cent, solution of 
peptone will produce a precipitate insoluble in 
excess of acetic acid if bile acids are present. 
orcinol t. (for pentose in urine.) See Bial's t. orthotolidin t. (for blood) See Ruttan and 
Hardisty's t. 
osazone t. (for sugars.) See phenyl-hydrazine t. 
Ott's t. (for nucleo-albumin in urine): To the urine 
is added an equal volume of saturated solution of 
salt, and then Ahnen's reagent (dissolve 5 gm. of 
tannic acid in 240 c.c. of 50 per cent, alcohol and 
add 10 c.c. of 25 per cent, acetic add); a pre- 
cipitateforms when nucleo-albumin is present. 
oxyphenylsulphonic acid t. (for albumin in 
urine): Dissolve in 20 parts of water 3 parts of 
oxyphenylsulphonic acid and 1 part of salicyl- 
sulphonic acid; add to 1 c.c. of urine a drop of 
the reagent: if albumin is present, a clear white 
precipitate appears. 
Pachon's t.: Measuring of the blood-pressure for 
the purpose of determining the state of the col- 
lateral circulation in aneurysm. 
palmin t., palmitin t. (for pancreatic efficiency): 
After a test-meal containing palmitin, the contents 
of the stomach are examined for the presence of 
fatty acids. They will be found in cases where the 
pancreas is normal, for the presence of fat in the 
stomach causes the pylorus to open and admit the 
pancreatic juice, which splits palmitin into fatty 
acids. 
Pandy's t. A test for globulin in the cerebrospinal 
fluid. Mix 80 to 100 c.c. pure carbolic acid with 
distilled water; shake, and place in incubator 
several hours. After several days at room tempera- 
ture pour off top watery part which serves as the 
reagent. With a Pasteur pipet a drop (^k-^ c.c.) 
of the fluid to be tested is deposited on the bottom 
of a watch crystal filled with the reagent. If no 
cloudy precipitate forms within five seconds the 
reaction is negative. 
para-dimethyl-amino-benzaldehyd t. (for 
proteins): To the unknown add an equal volume 
of hydrochloric acid and boil. Then add 2 drops 
of a 5 per cent, solution of para-dimethyl-amino- 
benzaldehyd in 10 per cent, sulphuric acid. A 
red to violet color indicates tryptophan or indol. 
Parnum's t. (for albumin): Filter the urine, and 
add oqe-sixth of its volume of a saturated solution 
of magnesium or sodium sulphate; acidulate 
with acetic acid and boil: if albumin is present, 
a white precipitate is formed. 
Patrick's t.: With the patient supine the thigh and 
knee are flexed and the external malleolus is placed 
over the patella of the opposite leg; the knee is de- 
pressed, and if pain is produced thereby arthritis of 
the hip is indicated. Patrick calls this test fabere 
sign, from the initial letters of the movements neces- 
sary to elicit it, namely, flexion, abduction, ex- 
ternal rotation, extension. 
Paul's t.: Pus from a suspected pustule is rubbed 
into the scarified eye of a rabbit; if the pus is 
variolous or vaccinal, a condition of epitheliosis de- 
velops in the rabbit in from thirty-six to forty-eight 
hours. 
Pavy's t. (for glucose in urine): Prepare a reagent 
by mixing 120 c.c. of Fehling's solution with 200 c.c. 
of ammonia (specific gravity, 0.88), 400 c.c. of a solu- 
tion of sodium hydroxid (specific gravity, 1.14), and 
1000 c.c. of water; boil the suspected liquid with 
this solution: if glucose is present, the reagent is 
decolorized. 
Pelouse-Moore t. (for sugar in urine): Boil with 
a solution of potassa, cool, and add 1 drop of 
concentrated sulphuric acid, when the odor of 
burnt sugar will be given off. 
pentose t. See Bial's t., orcin t., phloroglucin t. 
Penzoldt's t.: 1. (For acetone) To the suspected 
liquid add a warm saturated solution of ortho- 
nitrobenzaldehyd, and render it alkaline with 
sodium hydroxid: if acetone is present, the mixture 
becomes yellow and then green; thereafter a pre- 
cipitate forms, which, on shaking with chloroform, 
gives a blue color. 2. (For glucose in urine.) 
TESTS 
1131 
Add caustic potash and a slightly alkaline solu- 
tion of diazobenzosulphonic acid; shake the mix- 
ture until it foams: a red or yellow-red color is pro- 
duced, the foam also being red. 3. (For stomach 
absorption) A capsule containing 3 grains of 
potassium iodid are given and a glass of water taken. 
Dried starch paper is moistened with the patient's 
saliva, and then a drop of fuming nitric acid 
placed on the paper. A blue or violet color will 
form. 
Penzoldt-Fischer t. (for phenol)'. Alkalinize 
strongly the substance to be tested and dissolve 
in a solution of diazobenzolsulphonic acid: phenol, 
if present, produces a deep-red color. 
peppermint t.: A method of discovering leaks in 
drain-pipes by placing oil of peppermint in the 
pipes and noticing where the odor is emitted. 
pepsin t. See Jacoby's t. 
peptone t. See Randolph's t. 
perchlorid t.: A port-wine colored reaction ob- 
tained by treating the urine of pregnant women af- 
fected with hyperemesis with perchlorid of iron. 
The intensity of the reaction indicates the gravity 
of the case. 
Peria's t. (for tyrosin) See Piria's t. 
Perles' t.: A test for hemosiderin made by treating 
the substance with hydrochloric acid and potas- 
sium ferrocyanid: the Prussian-blue reaction is 
produced if hemosiderin is present. 
permanganate t. Same as Moriz-Weisz t. 
Petri's t.: 1. (For kairin in urine) Add acetic 
acid and calcium chlorid in solution, when a 
fuchsin-red color is produced. 2. (For proteins) 
Add diazobenzolsulphonic acid and sodium hy- 
droxid: an orange or brownish color is formed, and 
on shaking, a red froth is produced. 
Pettenkofer's t. (1844) (for bile acids in urine)'. 
Drop a solution of the suspected material into a 
mixture of sugar and sulphuric acid: a purplish- 
crimson color is produced. This test is also given 
by amino-myelin, cephalin, lecithin, and myelin. 
phenol t. See Allen's t., Berthelot's t, Davy's t., 
Eijkman's t., Jacquemin's t., Penzoldt's t., Plugge's t. 
phenolphthalein t. (for blood)-. Boil a thin fecal 
suspension, cool, and add it to half as much reagent 
(made by dissolving 1 to 2 gm. of phenolphthalein 
and 25 gm. of potassium hydroxid in water. Add 
10 gm. of metallic zinc and heat until decolorized). 
A pink color indicates the presence of blood. 
phenolsulphonephthalein t. See phenolsul- 
phonephthalein. 
phenoltetrachlorphthalein t. (for liver func- 
tion) : Phenoltetrachlorphthalein is injected subcu- 
taneously, and normally it appears in the feces, 
being excreted by the liver with the bile, and giving 
a bright color to the feces. A drop in the normal 
excretion of this substance points to liver injury. 
phenylhydrazin t. See Kowarsky's t. and von 
Jaksch's t. (2). 
phloridzin t. (for renal insufficiency): The bladder 
is emptied and a hypodermic injection given of a 
mixture of 5 to 10 gm. each of sodium carbonate 
and phloridzin. Sugar will appear in the urine 
within half an hour if the kidney is healthy. If 
only a small quantity of sugar appears, there is 
probably renal insufficiency; if none at all, then 
serious kidney disease probably exists. 
phloroglucin t. (for galactose, pentose, and gly- 
curonates in urine): A solution of phloroglucin in 
hydrochloric acid is added to the urine and warmed, 
a red color forming if suspected substances are 
present. 
phosphoric acid t. See Mdlot's t., Mitcherlich's t. 
phthalein t. See phenolsulphonephthalein. 
picrotoxin t. See Becker's t. 
pineapple t. (for butyric acid in stomach): A few 
drops of sulphuric acid and alcohol are added to a 
dried ethereal extract of the gastric juice. If 
TESTS butyric acid is present, an odor of pineapple will 
be given off, caused by the formation of ethyl- 
butyrate. 
pine wood t. (for indol): A pine splinter moistened 
with concentrated hydrochloric acid is turned 
cherry red by a solution of indol. 
Piorkowski's t. (for typhoid bacilli): Alkaline 
urine is boiled with a small amount of peptone 
and gelatin. The filtered product is sterilized 
and inoculated with the suspected substances. 
Plate cultures are made. Typhoid colonies will 
develop in twenty-four hours. 
Piotrowski's t. See biuret t. (1). 
Piria's t. (for tyro sin): Moisten the suspected 
material with strong sulphuric acid and warm it; 
then dilute and warm it again; neutralize it with 
barium carbonate, filter, and add ferric chlorid 
in dilute solution: if tyrosin is present, a violet 
coior is seen, which is destroyed by an excess of 
ferric chlorid. 
Pirquet's t. See Pirquet's reaction, under reaction. 
Plugge's t. (for phenol): A dilute solution con- 
taining phenol becomes red on mixture with a 
mercuric-nitrate solution containing a trace of 
nitrous acid; mercury is also precipitated and the 
odor of salicylol is given off. 
Poehl'S t. (for determining the presence of the cholera 
bacillus): Add 10 drops of concentrated sulphuric 
acid to 7 c.c. of the pure culture, when a rose color 
will be formed, deepening to a purple. 
Pohl's t. (for globulins): These substances are pre- 
cipitated from solution by ammonium sulphate. 
Politzer's t. (for deafness in one ear): When a tun- 
ing-fork is placed in front of the nares it is heard 
only by an unaffected ear during deglutition. 
Pollacci's t. (for albumin in urine): Dissolve in 
100 c.c. of water 1 gm. of tartaric acid, 5 gm. of 
mercuric chlorid, and 10 gm. of sodium chlorid, 
and add 5 c.c. of a 40 per cent, solution of formal- 
dehyd. This solution added to urine will cause 
coagulation of albumin in a white zone. 
polyuria t. See Albarran's t. 
Porges-Meier t. (for syphilis): A 1 per cent, emul- 
sion of lecithin in physiologic salt solution is mixed 
with an equal volume of blood-serum and allowed 
to stand for five hours. Blood-serum from the 
patient to be tested is added, when the lecithin will 
be precipitated if the patient has syphilis. 
Porges-Salomon t. (for syphilis): A 1 per cent, 
sodium glycocholate solution is mixed with an 
equal volume of clear activated serum from the 
patient. If the serum is syphilitic, distinct flocculi 
will appear at the top of the fluid. 
Porter's t.: 1. (For excess of uric acid) The upper 
portion of the urine is boiled in a test-tube and a 
few drops of 4 per cent, acetic acid are added; in a 
few hours crystals of uric acid will form just below 
the surface. 2. (For indican) 10 c.c. of urine are 
shaken with an equal amount of hydrochloric acid 
and 5 drops of a 0.5 per cent, solution of potassium 
permanganate; add 5 c.c. of chloroform and shake. 
A purple color with a deposit of blue matter indi- 
cates indican. 
Posner's t.: 1. (For the source of albumin in urine) 
A 24-hour sample of urine is preserved with for- 
malin, shaken, and the leukocytes counted in the 
blood-counting chamber-100,000 leukocytes per 
2 c.c. of urine indicates 0.1 per cent, of albumin. In 
this case the albumin is probably due solely to the 
pus. If albumin is present in greater proportion 
than this, it is probably due to Bright's disease. 
2. (For proteins) Posner makes a ring biuret test 
by mixing the potassium hydroxid solution and the 
unknown and then stratifying very dilute copper 
sulphate solution on top of the mixture. 
potassium iodid t. (for renal function): The pa- 
tient receives 0.5 gm. of potassium iodid in solu- 
tion by mouth, and the urine is tested every two 
hours for iodin. If iodin secretion is prolonged be- 
TESTS 
1132 
yond sixty hours, excretion through the renal 
tubules is indicated. 
precipitin t. See serum t. 
Prendergast's t. (for typhoid fever): Intradermal 
injection of 5 mg. of typhoid vaccine. In the non- 
typhoid patients there develops within twenty-four 
hours an area of redness about the site of the injec- 
tion, while in the typhoid patient there is no re- 
action. 
protein t. See acetic acid and potassium thiocyanid 
t., Acree and Rosenheim's t., Adamkiewicz's t., 
Bardach's t., Burchard-Lieberman's t., Ehrlich's t., 
furfurol t., Gies' t., Grigg's t., glyoxylic acid t., 
Hopkins-Cole's t., Kantor and Gies' t., Kober's t., 
Lieberman's t., Mandel's t., Michailow's t., Millon's 
t., Molisch's t., para-dimethyl-amino-benzaldehyd t., 
Petri's t., Piotrowski's t., Reichl's t., Schulte's t., 
Schultz's t., sulphur t., von Aider's t., xanthoproteic 
t. See also albumen t. 
protozoan t.: The use of protozoan protoplasm as 
a test for pathologic tissue change, by observing the 
rate of reproduction of cultures of paramecium bred 
on normal and pathologic tissue. 
Purdy's t. (for glucose.) See Purdy's fluid, under 
fluid. 
purin bodies t. See Cook's t. 
pus t. See Donne's t. 
pyridin t. See Anderson's t. 
pyrocatechin t. See Brieger's t. 
quinin t. See Andre's t., Binz's t., Brande's t., 
thalleioquin t. 
Quinlan's t. (for bile): A 3 mm. layer of the sus- 
pected liquid is examined by the spectroscope: 
if bile is present, some of the violet color of the 
spectrum will be absorbed. 
Raabe's t. (for albumin): Filter the urine into a 
test-tube and drop a crystal of trichloracetic add 
into it: albumin will form a white ring about the 
crystal; uric acid may form a similar ring, but it 
is not so well defined. 
Rabuteau's t.: 1. (For hydrochloric acid in urine.) 
Add a little indigosulphonic acid to color the urine, 
and sulphurous acid to decompose what hydro- 
chloric acid may be present: the urine will be 
decolorized. 2. (For hydrochloric acid in stomach- 
contents) 1 gm. of potassium iodate and 0.5 gm. 
of potassium iodid are added to 50 c.c. of starch 
mucilage, and the filtered stomach liquids are 
added to it: free hydrochloric acid will render the 
mixture blue. 
Ralfe'st.: 1. (For acetone in urine.) Boil 4 c.c. of 
liquor potass® with 1.5 gm. of potassium iodid; 
overlay it with 4 c.c. of urine: a yellow ring with 
specks of iodoform appears at the plane of contact. 
2. (For peptones in urine.) Put 4 c.c. of Fehling's 
solution in a test-tube and overlay it with urine: 
a rose-colored ring shows the presence of peptones. 
Randolph's t. (for peptones in urine): Add 2 drops 
of a saturated solution of potassium iodid and 3 
drops of Millon's reagent to 5 c.c. of cold and 
slightly acid urine: a yellow precipitate shows 
the presence of peptones. 
Raygat's t. See hydrostatic t. 
Reach's t. (for hydrochloric acid in gastric juice): 
Barium iodate and bismuth oxyiodate are given, 
which are decomposed by hydrochloric acid with 
the liberation of iodin. The saliva is then tested 
for iodin. 
reckoning t.: A mental test, consisting in requiring 
the patient to add in pairs a series of numbers. 
The total number of sums accomplished per minute 
indicates the patient's capacity for mental work, 
while their accuracy indicates the patient's fixed 
associations and power of attention. 
Rees' t. (for albumin): Small amounts of albumin 
are precipitated from solution by tannic acid in 
alcoholic solution. 
Rehfuss's t.: A test for studying gastric secre- 
tion. By means of a specially devised tube 
TESTS TESTS 
1133 
TESTS 
(Rehfuss tube) inserted into the stomach imme- 
diately after an Ewald test-meal a specimen of 
the contents is drawn off at fifteen-minute inter- 
vals until the close of digestion. Each specimen 
is examined and the results are plotted in a graphic 
curve, the abscissa of which is the number of min- 
utes at which the gastric contents were removed, 
and the ordinate the number of cubic centimeters 
of decinormal sodium hydroxid solution necessary 
to titrate the free acidity and the total acidity of 
the gastric contents. 
Reichl's t. (for proteins): Add 2 or 3 drops of an 
alcoholic solution of benzaldehyd and a quantity 
of sulphuric acid previously diluted to twice its 
volume with water; then add a few drops of ferric 
sulphate solution. The mixture will sooner or 
later take on a deep blue color. 
Reinsch's t. (for arsenic): Acidulate the liquid 
with HC1, insert a strip of clean copper, and boil: 
if arsenic is present, a gray or bluish film of copper 
is deposited. 
Remont's t. (for salicylic acid): Make the milk 
acid with sulphuric acid, extract the salicylic acid 
with ether, and identify it by the purple or violet 
color produced on the addition of ferric chlorid. 
renal function t. See indigocarmin t., lactose t., 
methylene-blue t., phloridzin t., phthalein t., potas- 
sium iodid t., Rowntree and Geraghty's t., Simonelli's 
t., urea concentration t., Wohlgemuth's t. 
rennin t. See Riegel's t. 
Reoch's t.: 1. (For albumin.) Same as Mac- 
Williams' t. 2. (For free HCl in stomach-contents.) 
Add to the suspected substance a mixture of iron 
and quinin citrate and potassium sulphocyanid; 
if free HCl is present, a red coloration is produced, 
resorcinol t. (for hydrochloric acid!) See Boaz's t. 
resorcinol-hydrochloric acid t. (for levulose!) 
See Seliwanof's t. 
Reuss's t. (for atropin): The substance examined 
is treated with sulphuric acid and oxidizing agents: 
if atropin is present, an odor of roses and orange- 
flowers is given off. 
Reynold's t. (for acetone): To the liquid to be 
examined add freshly prepared mercuric oxid; 
shake and filter, overlay the filtrate with ammonium 
sulphid, when it is turned black. 
Riegel's t. (for rennin): To 10 c.c. of milk there is 
added 5 c.c. of neutral gastric juice; this is incu- 
bated fifteen minutes, when coagulation will occur 
if rennin is present. 
Riegler's t.: 1. (For albumin.) 10 gm. of beta- 
naphthol-sulphonic acid are dissolved in 200 c.c. 
of distilled water and filtered; 5 c.c. of urine are 
treated with 20 to 30 drops of solution. Turbidity 
shows the presence of albumin. 2. (For hydro- 
chloric acid in the gastric juice.) Congo-red is 
changed to blue if hydrochloric acid is present. 
3. (For glucose.) Place in a test-tube 0.1 gm. of 
phenyl-hydrazin hydrochlorid, 0.25 gm. of sodium 
acetate, and 20 drops of the urine. Heat to boil- 
1 ing. Add 10 c.c. of a 3 per cent, solution of potas- 
sium hydroxid and gently shake the tube. A red 
color indicates sugar. 
Rimini's t. Same as Burnam's t. 
ring t. See Konew's t. 
Rinne's t.: A tuning-fork is held alternately before 
I the ear and over the mastoid process: if the sound 
i is heard better before the ear, the air conductivity 
is better than the bone conductivity, and vice versa. 
Rivalta's t. See Rivalta's reaction under reaction. 
Roberts' t.: 1. (For albumin.) Underlay the urine 
I with a mixture containing 5 parts of saturated solu- 
| tion of magnesium sulphate and 1 part of nitric 
I acid; a white ring or layer forms at the plane of 
junction. 2. (For glucose.) Determine the specific 
I gravity of the urine at a certain temperature; 
i add a little tartaric acid and some yeast; after 
I twenty-four hours filter and again find the specific 
gravity. Each degree of density lost represents 
। a grain of glucose in a fluidounce of the urine. 
Roger-Josue t. See blister t. 
Ronchese t. (for quantitative determination of am- 
monia in urine): One based on the action of formalin 
on the ammonia salts. A io per cent, solution 
of sodium carbonate is added, a drop at a time, 
to the urine until the reaction becomes neutral. 
The formalin (40 per cent.) is neutralized with a 
one-fourth normal soda solution against phenol- 
phthalein until a slight pink tint develops. Then 
25 c.c. of the neutral urine and 10 c.c. of the neutral 
formalin are mixed and titrated against decinormal 
soda solution until a deep pink develops. The 
calculation is simple: 1 c.c. of the decinormal soda 
solution for 100 c.c. of urine corresponds to 0.017 
gm. ammonia in 1000 c.c. of urine. 
Rose's t. (for blood): The scrapings from a blood- 
stain are boiled in dilute caustic potassa: when 
examined the liquid will show a greenish color in 
a thin layer and a red color in a thicker layer. 
Rosenbach's t. (for indigo-red): Boil with nitric 
acid, and a blue color will be formed. 
Rosenbach-Gmelin t. (for bile-pigment): Filter 
the urine through a very small filter; put a drop 
of nitric acid with a trace of nitrous acid on the 
inside of the filter, when a pale-yellow spot will 
appear, surrounded with yellowish-red, violet, blue, 
and green rings. 
Rosenheim's t. (for cholera): Add iodopotassium 
iodid solution (2 gm. of iodin and 6 gm. of potas- 
sium iodid in 100 c.c. of water) to an alcoholic 
extract of the material. Dark brown plates and 
prisms may be seen with a microscope if cholera is 
present. 
Rosenthal's t. (for blood in urine): Add caustic 
potash to the urine, remove the precipitate and dry 
it; a small amount is placed on a slide with a 
crystal of sodium chlorid; apply a cover-glass and 
cause a few drops of glacial acetic acid to flow 
under it; warm the plate, and when it is cool 
hemin crystals will appear if blood is present. 
Rosin's t. (for indigo-red): Render the liquid 
alkaline with sodium carbonate and extract with 
ether: this is colored red. 
Ross's t. (for syphilis): To a 2 per cent, agar solu- 
tion (5 c.c.) add 0.4 c.c. of Unna's polychrome blue, 
0.4 c.c. of a 5 per cent, aqueous solution of sodium, 
bicarbonate, and 4.2 c.c. of sterile water. This is 
poured in a thin layer on a slide, and when it has 
solidified, the material to be examined is placed on 
a cover-glass and dropped on the slide; if spiro- 
chetes are present they are stained. Called also 
film test and thick-film t. 
Ross-Jones t. (for excess of globulin in cerebrospinal 
fluid): 1 c.c. of cerebrospinal fluid is floated over 
2 c.c. of concentrated ammonium sulphate solution; 
excess of globulin produces a fine white ring at the 
line of junction. 
Rossel's aloin t. (for blood in stools): About 1 dram 
of the feces is put in a test-tube and extracted 
with 5 to 10 c.c. of ether to remove the fat. After 
pouring off the ether the feces are thoroughly 
shaken up with 5 c.c. of glacial acetic acid. The 
acid is then poured into another test-tube and 
extracted with 5 to 10 c.c. of ether. The test is 
then made with this ether. To that ether are added 
20 to 30 drops of old oil of turpentine and 10 to 15 
drops of a 1 to 4 per cent, solution of Barbados 
aloin in 60 to 70 per cent, alcohol. In the presence 
of blood the mixture takes on a light red color, 
turning to bright cherry red in about ten minutes. 
Rothera's t. (for acetone): To 5 c.c. of urine add a 
little solid ammonium sulphate and add 2 to 3 
drops of a fresh 5 per cent, solution of sodium 
nitroprussid and 1 to 2 c.c. of concentrated am- 
monium hydrate. A permanganate color forms if 
acetone is present. 
Roussin's t., microscopical examination of sus- 
pected blood-stains. 
Rowntree and Geraghty's t.: The phenolsul- 
phonephthalein test. See under phenolsulphone- 
phthalein. TESTS 
1134 
TESTS 
Rubin's t.: To determine the patency of the 
fallopian tube by injecting gas (400 c.c. of nitro- 
gen) into the uterus. If the tubes are patent the 
intra-uterine pressure will fall and the abdominal 
pressure will rise. 
Rubner's t.: 1. (For carbon monoxid in blood.) 
Shake the blood with 4 or 5 volumes of lead acetate 
in solution: if the blood contains CO, it will retain 
its bright color; if not, it becomes a chocolate 
brown. 2. (For lactose, glucose, maltose, and 
levulose) Add lead acetate to the urine, boil, and 
then add an excess of ammonium hydroxid. Lac- 
tose gives a brick-red color; glucose gives a coffee- 
brown color; maltose gives a light yellow color; 
and levulose gives no color at all. 
Ruhemann's t. (for uric acid in urine) See Ruhe- 
mann's method, under method. 
Rumpel-Leede t. See Rumpel-Leede phenomenon 
under phenomenon. 
Russo's t. See Russo's reaction, under reaction. 
Ruttan and Hardisty's t. (for blood): Blood in 
the presence of a 4 per cent, glacial acetic acid 
solution of orthotolidin and hydrogen peroxid 
gives a bluish color. 
Ryan's skin t.: A test for fatigue by making, with 
a blunt instrument, a stroke on the skin of the fore- 
arm and noting by means of a stop-watch the time 
that elapses between the moment of stimulation 
and the moment at which the white streak thus 
produced begins to fade. The time is shorter in 
fatigued persons. 
saccharimeter t.: Dextrose in solution rotates 
the plane of polarized light to the right, while 
levulose turns it to the left. 
Sachs-Georgi t.: A precipitation for syphilis; 
the addition of 1 c.c. of a solution of cholesterinized 
alcoholic extract of human or beef heart (1 part) 
and 0.9 per cent, sodium chlorid solution (9 parts) 
to 0.3 c.c. of syphilitic serum will cause a flocculent 
precipitation. Called also flocculation t. 
Sachsse's t. (for sugar in the urine): A solution 
of 18 gm. of red iodid of mercury, 25 gm. of potas- 
sium iodid, 80 gm. of potassium hydroxid, in water 
enough to make a liter: sugar, if present, causes a 
black precipitate. 
safranin t. (for sugar in the urine): Add normal 
sodium hydroxid solution to an equal quantity of 
urine, add safranin, and heat to 1800 F., when 
the safranin will be dissolved if sugar is present. 
Sahli's t. (for motive and digestive power of stomach): 
The patient is fed a soup made of definite amounts 
of water, flour, butter, and salt, and in an hour 
the stomach-contents are removed. The amount 
of fat present shows how much of the meal has been 
digested, and the acidity indicates how much the 
stomach has secreted. 
Sahli's desmoid t. See desmoid reaction, under re- 
action. 
Sahli's glutoid t. (for digestive function): A glu- 
toid capsule containing 0.15 gm. of iodoform is 
taken with an Ewald breakfast. The capsule is 
not digested by the stomach fluid, but is readily 
digested by pancreatic juice. Appearance of iodin 
in the saliva and urine within four to six hours in- 
dicates normal gastric motility, normal intestinal 
digestion, and normal absorption. Glutoid cap- 
sules are prepared by soaking gelatin capsules in 
formalin. 
Sahli-Nencki t. (for lipolytic activity of the pan- 
creas): The administration of salol, which is to be 
excreted as salicylic acid. 
salicylaldehyd t. (for acetone) See Frommer's t. 
salicylic acid t. See Remont's t., Siebold and 
Bradbury's t. 
Salkowski's t.: 1. (For CO in the blood) Add to 
the blood 20 volumes of water and sodium hydroxid 
in solution (specific gravity, 1.34). If CO is 
present, it becomes cloudy and then red; flakes of 
red afterward float on the surface. 2. (Bor choles- 
terin} Dissolve in chloroform and add an equal 
volume of strong sulphuric acid: if cholesterin is 
present, the solution becomes bluish-red, and 
slowly changes to a violet-red; the sulphuric acid 
becomes red, with a green fluorescence. 3. (For 
indol) To the solution to be tested add a little 
nitric acid, and drop in slowly a solution of potas- 
sium nitrite (2 per cent.): a red color shows that 
indol is present, and a red precipitate is afterward 
formed. 4. (For glucose.) A modified form of 
Trommer's test. 
Salkowski-Ludwig t. (for uric acid): A solu- 
tion of silver ammonionitrate and ammonium 
and magnesium chlorids precipitates uric acid. 
Salkowski and Schipper's t. (for bile-pigments): 
To 10 c.c. of the unknown add 5 drops of a 20 per 
cent, solution of sodium carbonate and 10 drops of 
a 20 per cent, solution of calcium chlorid. To the 
precipitate add 3 c.c. of alcohol containing 5 per 
cent, of strong hydrochloric acid and a few drops 
of sodium nitrite. Heat. A green color indicates 
bile pigments. 
salol t. See Ewald's t. (2). 
Salomon's t.: Testing of the stomach washing by 
Esbach's test for albumin, after twenty-four hours 
without protein food. The presence of albumin 
indicates ulcerative cancer. 
salvarsan t. See Abelen's t. 
sand t. (for bile and hemoglobin in urine): A layer of 
white sand is spread on a plate and on this is 
poured some of the urine. If the urine contains 
pigments, a spot is left on the sand, which is brown 
with hemoglobin and greenish with bile-pigment. 
Called also Lipp's test. 
Saundby's t. (for blood in feces): To a small quantity 
of feces in a test-tube 10 drops of a saturated benzi- 
din solution are added. To this are added 30 
drops of hydrogen peroxid solution, when a dark 
blue color will develop if blood is present. 
scarification t. See Pirquet reaction, under 
reaction. 
Schalfijew's t. (for blood): Treat defibrinated 
blood with excess of glacial acetic acid, heat to 
8o° C., cool, and examine for hemin crystals. 
Scherer's t.: 1. (For inosite) Evaporate on 
platinum foil with nitric acid; add ammonia 
and a single drop of calcium chlorid in solution; 
reevaporate to dryness: a rose-red coloration in- 
dicates the presence of inosite. 2. (For leucin) 
Evaporate with care on platinum foil; moisten 
with sodium hydroxid: warming develops a pale- 
yellow or brown color, and evaporation changes 
the substance to an oily drop. 3. (For tyrosin) 
Treat with nitric acid and dry with care on plat- 
inum foil; the formation of nitrotyrosin nitrate 
renders it yellow, and caustic soda changes the 
color to reddish yellow. 
Schick t.: Intracutaneous injection of a quantity of 
diphtheria toxin equal to one-fiftieth of the minimal 
lethal dose diluted in salt solution. Since one- 
thirtieth of a unit of antitoxin per cubic centimeter 
of blood is sufficient to neutralize this amount of 
toxin, if the patient has less than this amount the 
toxin is not neutralized, and an area of inflamma- 
tion is produced on the skin at the site of the in- 
jection. The test is a measure of immunity to 
diphtheria. 
Schiff's t.: 1. (For carbohydrates in urine.) Make 
warm and add sulphuric acid; expose to the fumes 
of the urine a paper dipped in a mixture of equal 
volumes of xylidin and glacial acetic acid with 
alcohol and dried: the paper becomes red if carbo- 
hydrates are present, 2. (For cholesterin.) Add a 
reagent composed of 2 parts of sulphuric acid with 
1 part of a dilute solution of ferric chlorid; evap- 
orate to dryness and a violet color is produced. 
3. (For cholesterin) Evaporate with nitric acid and 
add ammonia; a red color not changed by alkalis 
is produced. 4. (For allantoin and urea) Add a 
solution of furfurol in hydrochloric acid; a yellow TESTS 
1135 
TESTS 
color appears, turning to purple and then to a 
brownish black. 5. (For uric acid.) Treat silver 
nitrate paper with an alkaline solution of the 
suspected substance; a brown stain shows the pres- 
ence of uric acid. 6. (For formaldehyd in milk.) 
The solution consists of an aqueous solution of 
magenta, 40 c.c.; distilled water, 250 c.c.; aqueous 
solution of sodium bisulphite, 10 c.c.; pure con- 
centrated sulphuric acid, 10 c.c., which is allowed 
to stand until it is colorless; 2 c.c. of this solution 
are added to a test-tube two-thirds full of milk. 
If formaldehyd is present, a pink or lilac color will 
appear in from thirty to sixty seconds. 
Schlesinger's t. (for urobilin): To about 5 c.c. of 
the urine in a test-tube add a few drops of Lugol's 
solution to transform the chromogen into the pig- 
ment. Now add 4 or 5 c.c. of a saturated solution 
of zinc chlorid in absolute alcohol and filter. A 
greenish fluorescence, best seen when the tube is 
viewed against a black background and the light is 
concentrated upon it with a lens, shows the pres- 
ence of urobilin. Bile-pigment, if present, should 
be removed by adding about one-fifth volume of 
10 per cent, calcium chlorid solution and filtering. 
Schmidt's t.: 1. (For bile.) Particles of fresh 
feces are rubbed up with concentrated aqueous 
solution of corrosive sublimate in a glass dish. 
After standing covered for twenty-four hours the 
matter is examined, bilirubin appearing as green 
particles, hydrobilirubin as red ones. 2. (For 
sugar.) Lead acetate is added and precipitated 
with ammonia; on heating, the white precipitate 
remains unchanged if saccharose or milk-sugar is 
present; but if glucose is present, an orange tint is 
seen. 3. (For proteolytic pancreatic function.) See 
nucleus t. 4. (For intestinal indigestion) The 
patient is placed upon a definite diet. After a 
few days the feces are examined for fermentation. 
If this occurs within forty-eight hours it points to 
the imperfect intestinal digestion of starch. 5. 
(For digestive function of the stomachi) A test 
based upon the fact that when the gastric secre- 
tion is absent or greatly diminished, connective- 
tissue masses appear in the stool after eating raw 
chopped meats. 
Schoenbein's t.: 1. (For bloodi) Blue coloration 
obtained by adding hydrogen peroxid to tincture 
of guaiac mixed with suspected blood. 2. (For 
copper.) A solution containing a copper salt be- 
comes blue if potassium cyanid and tincture of 
guaiac be added. 
Schroeder's t. (for urea): Add a crystal of the 
substance to a solution of bromin in chloroform: 
the urea will decompose and gas will be formed. 
Schulte's t. (for proteins): Remove all coagulable 
protein, precipitate with six volumes of absolute 
alcohol, dissolve the precipitate in water, and apply 
the biuret test. 
Schultze's t.: 1. (For cellulose) lodin is dis- 
solved to saturation in a zinc-chlorid solution 
(specific gravity, 1.8), and 6 parts of potassium 
iodid are added: this reagent colors cellulose blue. 
2. (For cholesterin) Evaporate with nitric acid, 
using a porcelain dish and water-bath. If choles- 
terin is present, a yellow deposit is formed, which 
changes to yellowish-red when ammonia is added. 
3. (For proteins) To a suspected solution add a 
very little of a dilute solution of cane-sugar and 
concentrated sulphuric acid; keep it at 6o° C., 
and a bluish-red coloration is produced. 
Schultze's indophenol-oxydase t. See indo- 
phenol t. 
Schumm's t. Same as benzidin t. 
Schiirmann's t. (for syphilis): To 0.1 c.c. of 
blood-serum of the patient there is added enough 
physiologic salt solution to make 3 or 4 c.c.; to this 
is added 1 drop of perhydrol and the fluid is mixed 
with 0.5 c.c. of a reagent consisting of 0.5 c.c. of 
phenol, 0.62 c.c. of 5 per cent, aqueous ferric chlorid 
solution, and 34.5 c.c. of distilled water. Normal 
blood-serum gives a slight green ring at the junc- 
tion of the two fluids, which disappears on shaking, 
the mixture remaining clear. Syphilitic serum gives 
a dark-brown color at the junction, and on shaking 
the mixture appears very dark. 
Schwabach's t. (for the condition of the sound- 
conducting and sound-perceiving apparatus')-. Meas- 
urement of the time during which a series of tuning- 
forks are heard by air-conduction and by bone- 
conduction. 
Schwartz-McNeil t.: A complement-fixation test 
for gonorrhea in which the antigen is an autolysate 
of a large number of strains of gonococci. 
Schwarz's t.: i. Heat the substance with char- 
coal: the odor of mercaptan indicates the presence 
of sulphonal. 2. (G. Schwarz) (For digastric func- 
tion of stomachi) With a test breakfast there is ad- 
ministered a capsule of gold-beaters' skin contain- 
ing 4 gm. of bismuth carbonate and 0.25 gm. of 
neutral pepsin. The patient is then examined 
fluoroscopically. At first the capsule appears as a 
circular sharply defined area, but if it is dissolved by 
the stomach juice the area becomes a broad band. 
If the shadow of the capsule remains unchanged 
after five hours, anacidity of the stomach is indi- 
cated. Called also fibroderm bismuth-capsule t. 
Scivoletto's t. (for hydrochloric acid in urine): 
Dip filter-paper in starch paste and dry; sprinkle 
it with urine and dry; hang it in a flask containing 
strontium acetate in solution: a blue color indicates 
the presence of the acid. 
sedimentation t. Same as agglutination t. 
Seidel's t. (for inosite): Evaporate in a platinum 
crucible with nitric acid, and treat with ammonia 
and strontium acetate in solution: inosite, if 
present, causes a green coloration and a violet 
precipitate. 
Seliwanoff's t. (for fructose in urine): To the urine 
is added an equal volume of hydrochloric acid con- 
taining resorcinol in the following proportion: 0.5 
resorcinol, 30 c.c. water, and 30 c.c. concentrated 
hydrochloric acid. Formation of a Burgundy-red 
color after heating indicates fructose. 
semen t. See Barberio's t., Florence's t. 
Senn's t.: The introduction of hydrogen into the 
intestines by the rectum as an aid in the diagnosis 
of intestinal perforations. 
sero-enzyme t. Same as Abderhalden's t. 
serum t. (for human blood): Human blood-serum is 
injected several times, at intervals, into a rabbit. 
The suspected specimen is dissolved in physiologic 
salt solution and added to the serum of a rabbit 
treated in the above way. The serum will become 
clouded if the suspected specimen is human blood. 
Called also biologic t., precipitin t., Bordet t., and 
Uhlenhuth's t. 
shadow t. See retinoscopy. 
Sherer's t. (for pure leucin): A small portion of 
leucin with a few drops of nitric acid are evapo- 
rated on platinum foil. The transparent residue 
turns a brownish color on the addition of a caustic 
alkali. When the mixture is concentrated, an oil- 
like drop is obtained. 
Siebold and Bradbury's t. (for salicylic acid in 
urine): Alkalinize with potassium carbonate; 
add a solution of lead nitrate in excess; filter, 
and add a dilute solution of ferric chlorid, when 
a violet color will be produced. 
Siewer's t. Same as Ewald's t. (2). 
sigma t. See sigma reaction, under reaction. 
silver t. (for glucose in the urine): Boil it with 
silver nitrate solution and an excess of ammonia: 
metallic silver will be deposited. Tartaric acid 
and aldehyd also produce this reaction. 
Simonelli's t. (for renal inadequacy): lodin is 
administered and the urine and saliva tested for 
iodin. If iodin does not appear in the urine at 
the same time as in the saliva, the kidneys are 
diseased. TESTS 
1136 
TESTS 
skatol t. See Ciamician and Magnanini's t., Her- 
ter's t., Kondo's t., nitroso-indol t. 
skin t. See cutaneous reaction, under reaction. 
Smith's t. (for bile-pigments): Overlay the sus- 
pected liquid with tincture of iodin diluted 1:10; 
a green ring or plane appears at the junction of the 
two liquids in the tube. 
Soldaini's t. (for glucose in the urine): Dissolve 
15 gm. of copper carbonate and 416 gm. of potas- 
sium bicarbonate in 1400 c.c. of water for a reagent; 
two parts of urine are boiled with 1 part of the 
reagent. A yellow precipitate of copper suboxid 
shows the presence of glucose. 
Solera's t. (for thiocyanates): Saturate filter-paper 
with | per cent, starch-paste containing 1 per cent, 
of iodic acid. Dry and preserve as test paper. 
A piece of this paper moistened with saliva will 
turn blue if thiocyanate be present. 
Sonnensche in ' s t. (for strychnin): The substance 
Js dissolved in a drop of sulphuric acid, some 
cerosoceric oxid is added, and stirred with a glass 
rod. A deep blue color is formed, changing to 
violet, and finally to cherry red. 
soy-bean t. See urease t. 
Spiegler's t. (for albumin): Acidulate with acetic 
acid and filter; prepare a reagent with 8 gm. of 
mercuric chlorid, 10 gm. of sodium chlorid, and 
4 gm. of tartaric acid in 200 c.c. of water and 
20 c.c. of glycerin; overlay the reagent with the 
filtrate. If albumin is present, a white ring appears 
at the junction of the liquids. 
Spiro's t.: 1. A test for the determination of am- 
monia and urea, embracing a combination of Folin's 
method for urea and the Morner-Sjoqvist method 
for urea. 2. (For hippuric acid.) Warm the 
unknown with acetic anhydrid anhydrous sodium 
acetate and benzaldehyd. Cool, and crystals of 
phenyl-amino-cinnamic acid-lactimid form. 
sponge t.: A test performed by passing a hot 
sponge up and down the spine; if any lesion of 
the spine is present, pain is felt as the sponge 
passes over its locality. 
Stanford t.: A modified Binet test. 
Stange's t.: After a few preliminary deep in- 
spirations, the patient takes a deep breath and 
holds it as long as possible; unless he can hold it 
for at least thirty seconds he is not a good anes- 
thetic risk. 
starch t. See iodin t. 
station-t.: A test for disturbances of coordination, 
made by placing the patient in an erect posture, 
with the heels and toes of the two feet together: 
if the swaying of the body is beyond normal, 
coordination is defective. 
Stein's t.: Inability to stand on one foot with the 
eyes shut: seen in disease of the labyrinth. 
Stern's t.: A modification of the Wassermann test 
by using fresh active serum and the patient's com- 
plement, and overcoming non-specific reactions by 
two-fifths to one-fifth of the usual dose of extract 
and three or four times the amboceptor unit. 
Stewart's t.: Estimation of the amount of collat- 
eral circulation, in aneurysm of the chief artery of 
a limb, with a calorimeter. 
Stock t. (for acetone in urine): The distillate of the 
urine is used. From 50 to 100 c.c. of urine are 
made acid by the addition of either acetic, hydro- 
chloric, or sulphuric acid. The first 10 c.c. of 
distillate will contain all the possible acetone. 
About 1 inch of the distillate is placed in a test- 
tube; a drop or two of a 10 per cent, solution of 
hydroxylamin hydrochlorid are added, and suffi- 
cient sodium hydroxid or carbonate to render the 
solution alkaline to liberate hydroxylamin; the 
mixture is shaken and a couple of drops of pyridin 
are added and the mixture shaken; then 1 inch of 
ether is added and the mixture shaken. Bromin 
water is then added drop by drop, with mixing, until 
the ether layer becomes yellow; then a few drops of 
strong hydrogen peroxid are added; if acetone is 
present the ether will turn a distinctive green 
blue. 
Stokes' (for oxyhemoglobin)-. Prepare a reagent 
by dissolving ferrous sulphate, adding tartaric or 
citric acid, and alkalinizing with ammonia. This 
reagent reduces hemoglobin. 
Stokvis' t. (for bile-pigment)-. With 25 c.c. of 
urine mix 8 c.c. of a 1:5 zinc-acetate solution; 
wash the precipitate in water on a filter, and dis- 
solve in ammonia-water. Filter again, and in a 
short time the filtrate shows a bluish-green tint. 
Storck's t. (for human milk)-. The ferment of 
human milk will decompose hydrogen dioxid. 
Strassburg's t. (for bile acids in albumin-free 
urine): Add cane-sugar to the urine; dip filter- 
paper into it and dry. A drop of sulphuric acid 
on the paper will cause a red or violet spot if 
bile acids are present. 
Strauss's t. (for lactic acid in stomach): Extract 
the lactic acid from the stomach contents by 
means of ether. To the ether add distilled water 
and a little ferric chlorid; a green color indicates 
lactic acid. 
Strauss's biologic t. (for glanders). See Strauss's 
reaction, under reaction. 
Struve's t. (for blood in the urine): Alkalinize the 
urine and add tannic and acetic acids until the reac- 
tion becomes acid and a dark precipitate is formed. 
When this is dried, crystals of hemin may be ob- 
tained from it by adding ammonium chlorid and 
glacial acetic acid. 
Strychnin t. See Allen's t., Wenzell's t. 
sugar t. See osazone t., and glucose t. 
sulphonal t. See Schwartz's t. 
sulphur t. (for proteins): The suspected liquid 
is heated with an excess of sodium hydroxid and a 
small quantity of acetate of lead. If proteins 
are present, a black precipitate of lead sulphid is 
formed. 
syphilis t. See Bruck's t., butyric acid t., Emanuel 
and Cutting's t., Fornet's t., Hecht's t., Hennebert's 
t., Herman and Perutz's t., Jacobsthal's t., Landau's 
t., luetin t., MacDonagh's t., mastic t., Noguchi's t., 
Forges and Meyer's t., Forges and Solomon's t., 
Ross's t., Sachs and Georgi's t., Schuerman's t., 
Stern's t., thick film t., Vernes' t., Wassermann's t., 
Weil's t. See also the following under reaction: 
compluetic r., J arisch-Herxheimer's r., Klausner's 
r., luetin r., Noguchi's r., Noguchi's luetin r., pal- 
lidin r., Perutz's r., Wassermann's provocative r. 
Szabo's t. (for HCl in the stomach-contents): Add 
to the suspected liquid a reagent containing equal 
parts of a 0.5 per cent, solution of sodioferric tar- 
trate and ammonium sulphocyanid. If HCl is 
present, the reagent is changed from a pale yellow 
to a brownish red. 
Tanret's t. (for albumin): Tanret's reagent (see 
reagent) gives a white precipitate with albumin. 
Tardieu's t. (for infanticide): Presence of air- 
bubbles in gastric mucosa after establishment of 
fetal respiration. 
taurin t. See Lang's t. 
Taylor's t.: A modification of Schbnbein's test 
for blood, the blue precipitate forming a deep 
sapphire blue solution when taken up by alcohol or 
ether. 
Teichmann's t. (for blood): The suspected liquid 
is put under a cover-glass with a crystal of sodium 
chlorid and a little glacial aceti c acid; heat carefully 
without boiling and then cool. If blood is present, 
rhombic crystals of hemin will appear. 
thalleioquin t. (for quinin): A neutralized solu- 
tion of the suspected liquid is treated with chlorn, 
or bromin and then with an excess of ammoniia 
when the green substance, thalleioquin, will be 
formed. 
therapeutic t.: A test of a specificity of a remedy 
by ascertaining if it will act as a specific in some 
suspected cases. TESTS 
1137 
TESTS 
thick-film t. See Ross's t. 
thiocyanate t. See ferric chlorid t., Solera's t. 
Thompson's t. ( for gonorrhea): The morning urine 
is placed in two glasses in order to determine 
whether the gonorrheal process is localized in the 
anterior portion of the urethra or is more general. 
Thormahlen's t. ( for melanin in urine): Treat 
with a solution of sodium nitroprussid, potassium 
hydroxid, and acetic acid. If melanin is present, 
a deep-blue color will form. 
three-glass t.: On arising in the morning the 
patient urinates successively into three glass 
receptacles labelled I, II, and III. In acute ante- 
rior urethritis the urine in I will be turbid from pus, 
while II and III will be clear; but in posterior 
urethritis the urine in all three glasses will be 
turbid. Blood in I only comes from the anterior 
urethra, but if it comes from the posterior urethra 
all three will contain blood. Shreds in glass III 
point to chronic prostatitis. 
Thudichum's t. (for creatinin): Add to the sus- 
pected substance a dilute solution of ferric chlorid. 
A dark-red color, increased by warming, indicates 
the presence of creatinin. 
Tidy's t.: 1. (For albumin in urine.) Add equal 
volumes of carbolic and glacial acetic acids. Al- 
bumin will form a white precipitate. 2. (For 
albumin in urine.) Add 15 drops of alcohol and 
15 drops of carbolic acid. Albumin will form a 
white precipitate. 
Tizzoni's t. (for iron in tissues): Treat a section 
of tissue with a 2 per cent, solution of potassium 
ferrocyanid, and then with a 0.5 per cent, solution 
of HCl. The tissue will be stained a blue color 
if iron is present. 
TNT t. See Webster's t. 
Tollens't.: 1. (For aldehyd.) Treat the suspected 
solution with an ammoniacal solution of silver 
nitrate and potassium hydroxid. If aldehyd is 
present, a mirror of metallic silver appears. 2. 
(For glucose.) Prepare a reagent by precipitating 
a silver-nitrate solution with potassium hydroxid 
and dissolving with ammonia. This is reduced 
by glucose. 3. (For pentose.) See orcin t. and 
phloroglucin t. 4. (For conjugate glycuronates.) 
To 5 c.c. of the urine add 1 c.c. of a 1 per cent, 
solution of naphtho-resorcinol in 95 per cent, 
alcohol and 5 c.c. of strong hydrochloric acid. Boil 
and cool. An ether extract of this mixture is violet 
red if glycuronates are present. 
Tollens, Neuberg, and Schwket's t. (for gly- 
curonic acid): Extract the glycuronic acid from 
acidified urine with ether, add water, evaporate 
the ether, and make orcinol test. 
tongue t. See tongue phenomenon, under phe- 
nomenon. 
Tbpfer's t. (for free HCl in gastric contents): One 
or 2 drops of a 0.5 per cent, alcoholic solution 
of dimethyl-amino-azobenzene is added to a trace 
of the gastric contents. In the presence of free 
HCl a fine cherry-red color develops. 
Torquay's t. (for bile): A small amouut of the sus- 
pected liquid is added to a test-tube containing an 
aqueous solution of methyl-violet, 1 : 2000. Bile 
will change the blue color to red. 
Trendelenburg's t.: Raise the leg above the level 
of the heart until the veins are empty; then lower 
it quickly. If the veins become distended at once 
varicosity and incompetence of the valves are in- 
dicated. 
trichophyton t. (for trichophyton infection): When 
filtrates of the ring-worm microorganism are in- 
jected into persons who have been infected with the 
disease, a reaction is produced somewhat resemb- 
ling the tuberculin reaction. 
Trommer's t. (for glucose in the urine): To 2 parts 
of urine 1 part of potassium or sodium hydroxid 
is added; a very dilute solution of copper sulphate 
is then added drop by drop, and then the whole 
is boiled. Sugar, if present, causes the precipita- 
tion of an orange-red deposit. 
Trousseau's t. (for bile in urine): Tincture of 
iodin diluted with io parts of alcohol is added to 
urine in a test-tube. A green ring is formed where 
the liquids touch if bilirubin is present. 
trypsin t. See Gross's t. 
tryptophan t.: Testing of the stomach contents 
for the presence of tryptophan, which indicates the 
presence of carcinoma of the stomach. The test is 
performed by adding to the suspected liquid a few 
drops of 3 per cent, acetic acid, and then adding to 
this carefully, drop by drop, a few drops of bromin- 
water. A reddish-violet color is formed if trypto- 
phan is present. 
Tschernogowbou's t.: A modification of the 
Wassermann test by using the natural amboceptor 
and complement in the patient's serum against 
guinea-pig erythrocytes. 
tuberculin t.: A test for the existence of tuber- 
culosis, consisting in the subcutaneous injection 
of 5 mg. of tuberculin. In healthy persons it 
produces no appreciable effect, but in tuberculous 
patients it produces a moderate fever, which 
lasts for several hours, and also a swelling and 
redness in tuberculous lesions of the patient. 
See also ophthalmic reaction, cuti-reaction of von 
Pirquet, Calmette's reaction, Morro's reaction, under 
reaction, and Mantoux I. 
tuberculin titer t.: A test for the hypersensibility 
of the organism to tuberculin by a graduated cu- 
taneous tuberculin test with varying concentra- 
tions of the tuberculin. Called also Ellermann 
and Erlandseri s t. 
tuberculous albumin reaction t. Same as 
Lessilur-Prirey t. 
Tuffier's t.: In aneurysm, when the main artery 
and vein of a limb are compressed, swelling of the 
veins of the hand or foot will occur only if the col- 
lateral circulation is free. 
two-glass t. (for urethritis): The patient collects 
his urine on rising, the first part in one glass and 
the second part in a separate glass. If he has 
anterior urethritis the first portion will be turbid 
and the second portion clear; if he has both ante- 
rior and posterior urethritis both portions will be 
turbid. 
typhoidin t.: A cutaneous test for typhoid fever 
made by inoculating typhoid in into the skin of the 
forearm. A positive reaction consisting in the 
formation of an indurated and reddened area at the 
site of inoculation. 
tyro sin t. See Folin and Denis' t., Hoffman's t., 
Moerner's t., Piria's t. 
Tyson's t. (for bile acids in urine): 180 to 240 c.c. 
of urine are evaporated to dryness on the water- 
bath. The residue is extracted with absolute 
alcohol, and to the extract 12 to 14 volumes of ether 
are added. The bile acids are precipitated, then 
are filtered off, dissolved in water, and the aqueous 
solution decolorized with animal charcoal. 
Udransky's t.: 1. (For bile acids.) Take 1 c.c. of 
a solution of the suspected substance, add a drop 
of 0.1 per cent, solution of furfurol in water, 
underlay with strong sulphuric acid, and cool. If 
bile is present, a bluish-red color is formed. 2. 
(For tyrosin.) Take 1 c.c. of the suspected sub- 
stance in solution, add a drop of 0.5 per cent, 
aqueous solution of furfurol, underlay with 1 c.c. 
of concentrated sulphuric acid. A pink color 
shows the presence of tyrosin. 
Uffelmann's t. (for lactic acid in the gastric contents): 
To a quantity of material taken from the stomach 
there are added a few drops of a reagent containing 
3 drops of a solution of ferric chlorid, 3 drops of a 
concentrated solution of carbolic acid, and 20 c.c. 
of water. Hydrochloric acid, if present, decolorizes 
this solution, while lactic acid turns it yellow. 
Uhlenhuth's t. See serum I. Ulrich's t. (for albumin): The reagent consists of 
saturated solution of common salt, 98 c.c.; glacial 
acetic acid, 2 c.c. It must be perfectly clear. Boil 
a few cubic centimeters of this fluid in a test-tube, 
and immediately overlay with the urine. Albu- 
min and globulin give a white ring at the zone of 
contact. 
Ultzmann's t. (for bile-pigments): To 10 c.c. of 
the urine to be tested add 3 or 4 c.c. of a 1:3 solu- 
tion of potassium hydroxid and an excess of HCl. 
Bile-pigments will cause an emerald-green colora- 
tion. 
uracil t. See Wheeler and Johnson's t. 
urea t. See Benedict's t., Bloxam's t., Schroeder's t.> 
urease t. 
urea concentration t. (for renal efficiency): A 
test based on the fact that urea is absorbed rapidly 
from the stomach into the blood, and is excreted 
unaltered by the kidneys: 15 gm. of urea are given 
with 100 c.c. of fluid, and the urine which is col- 
lected at the end of two hours is tested for urea 
concentration. Called also MacLean-deWesselow t. 
urease t.: A test for urea based on the conversion 
of urea into ammonium carbonate by the urease of 
soy bean. See Marshall's method, under method. 
uric acid t. See Bayrac's t., Cole's t., Denige's t., 
Folin's t., Ganassini's t., Gentele's t., murexid t., 
Porter's t., Salkowski and Ludwig's t., Wiedel's t. 
urobilin t. See Hildebrandt's t., Schlesinger's t. 
urochromogen t. See Moriz's t., Weisz's t. 
Urriola's t.: The discovery of blood-pigment in 
the urine indicates the existence of malaria. 
Valenta's t. (for foreign fats in butter): The butter 
is heated with an equal amount of glacial acetic 
acid and then cooled. If opacity begins to show 
at 96° F., there is adulteration; if opacity is not 
observed until about 62° F., the butter is pure. 
Valsalva's t. (for pneumothorax): After a deep 
inspiration the mouth and nose are held tightly 
closed, and a strong attempt at expiration is made. 
This determines the possibility of the inflation of 
lung tissue compressed by pneumothorax. 
valve t.: Auscultation of the heart while the patient 
lies with the legs raised obliquely and the arms 
lifted perpendicularly. 
van Deen's t. See Deen's t. 
van der Velden's t. Same as Maly's t. 
vanillin t. (for indol): To 5 c.c. of the culture 
add 5 drops of 5 per cent, vanillin solution in 95 
per cent, alcohol and 2 c.c. of hydrochloric acid. 
Indol gives an orange color; tryplophan, a reddish- 
violet color. 
van Slyke t.: 1. (For amino-nitrogen.) Nitrous 
acid acting on amino-nitrogen sets free nitrogen gas 
which is collected and its volume determined. 2. 
(For urea.) Treat the sample with urease, pass the 
ammonia so formed into fiftieth normal acid, and 
titrate the excess of acid. 
Vaughn and Novy's t. (for tyrotoxicon): Adding 
2 or 3 drops each of sulphuric and carbolic acids 
and a few drops of an aqueous solution of the 
suspected substance to tyrotoxicon gives a yellow 
or orange-red color. 
Vernes' t. (for syphilis): Direct method: A test 
based on the degree of flocculation produced by 
various blood sera on a specially prepared extract 
of dried horse-heart muscle, called perethenol. 
Indirect method: A test based on measuring the 
amount of flocculation produced in perethenol 
according to the degree of inhibition of hemolysis 
of sheep corpuscles by swine serum. The degree 
of flocculation by normal serum and that by 
syphilitic serum is noted during a course of time 
and the various readings are plotted into curves 
(syphilimetry). Normal sera give a horizontal 
line, but with syphilitic sera the curve of floccula- 
tion oscillates up and down. 
Vitali's t.: 1. (For alkaloids) Evaporate with 
TESTS 
1138 
fuming nitric acid and add a drop of potassium 
hydroxid, when color reactions will occur. For 
atropin the color is violet turning to red. 2. 
(For alkaloids.) Add sulphuric acid, potassium 
chlorate, and an alkaline sulphid. Various color- 
reactions will follow. 3. (For bile-pigments) 
Add a few drops of potassium nitrate in solution 
and dilute sulphuric acid. The color reactions 
are green, followed by blue or red and yellow. 
4. (For bile-pigments.) Add quinin bisulphate in 
solution and follow with ammonia, sulphuric 
acid, a crystal of sugar, and alcohol. A violet 
color results. 5. (For thymol.) Distil, and pass 
the vapor through a mixture of chloroform and 
potassium hydroxid solution. A red color results. 
6. (For pus in the urine.) The urine is acidified 
with acetic acid and filtered. On the filter-paper 
thus obtained a small quantity of guaiacum is 
dropped. The paper will turn a dark blue if pus 
is present. 
Vollhard's t. (for chlorids): The chlorids are pre- 
cipitated by a known amount of AgNOa. The ex- 
cess of AgNOa is then titrated with KCNS. See 
under method. 
von Aldor's t. (for proteoses)'. Precipitate the urine 
with phosphotungstic acid, wash the precipitate 
with alcohol, bring into solution with potassium 
hydroxid, and apply the biuret test. 
von Dungern's t.: 1. A complement-fixation test 
for the diagnosis of malignant disease. 2. A 
chemical serum test for syphilis, made with an 
alkaline indigo solution. 
von Jaksch's t.: 1. (For free HCl in gastric juice.) 
A test-paper prepared with benzopurpurin B 
takes on a fine violet color if HCl is present. 
If present in considerable amount, it becomes 
dark blue. 2. (For glucose in urine.) A mixture 
of 3 parts of sodium acetate and 2 parts of phenyl- 
hydrazin hydrochlorate is added to the urine; 
warm it, and put the test-tube in hot water for 
half an hour. On cooling, yellow needles of phenyl- 
glucosazone are seen as a precipitate. 3. (For 
melanin.) Add to the suspected liquid a few 
drops of a solution of ferric chlorid. If melanin 
is present, a gray appearance is produced. After 
precipitation add more ferric chlorid, and the pre- 
cipitate will be redissolved. 4. (For uric acid.) 
Heat the powder slowly on a glass dish with a few 
drops of bromin-water or chlorin-water: the sub- 
stance becomes red. After cooling, add ammonia, 
and it becomes purplish-red. 
von Maschke's t. (for creatinin): To the suspected 
solution add a few drops of Fehling's solution, 
after mixing with a cold solution of sodium car- 
bonate: an amorphous, flocculent precipitate 
proves the presence of creatinin. 
von Pirquet's t. See cuti-reaction of von Pirquet, 
under reaction. 
von Recklinghausen's t. (of heart function)-. A 
test based on the proposition that the product of 
the frequency of the pulse by the amplitude of the 
blood-pressure is equal to the amount of blood 
expelled by the heart in a second, divided by the 
distensibility of the circulatory system. 
von Zeynek and Mencki's t. (for blood): Pre- 
cipitate the urine with acetone, extract the pre- 
cipitate with acidified acetone, and examine the 
colored extract under the microscope for small 
hemin crystals. 
Wang's t. (quantitative test for indican): The indican 
is converted into indigosulphuric acid and titrated 
by means of a potassium permanganate solution. 
Warren's t. Same as Frommer's t. 
Wassermann's t. See Wassermann's reaction, 
under reaction. 
water-gurgle t. (for stricture of the esophagus)'. 
The swallowing of water causes a peculiar gurgle, 
heard on auscultation. 
Waterhouse pus t.: If pain in a local inflamma- 
tion is increased by the application of a Bier band- 
age, pus is present. 
TESTS TESTS 
1139 
Weber's t.: 1. (For ear disease.) A vibrating 
tuning-fork is held against the vertex. The 
sound is heard best by the non-affected ear if 
deafness is due to disease of the auditory apparatus; 
by the affected ear, if deafness is due to obstruction 
of the air-passages. 2. (For indican.) Boil 30 c.c. 
of suspected urine with an equal volume of hydro- 
chloric acid containing a little nitric acid; cool it, 
and shake with ether: if indican is present, the ether 
will become red or violet and the froth will be blue, 
will become red or violet and the froth will be blue. 
3. (For blood.) Mix the blood with 30 per cent, 
acetic acid and extract with ether. To the ethereal 
extract add an alcoholic solution of guaiac and 
hydrogen peroxid. A blue color indicates blood. 
Webster's t. (for T. N. T. in urine): The urine is 
extracted with ether, then acidified with a mineral 
acid, and again extracted with ether. In the 
latter extract the presence of the azoxy-compound 
formed from T. N. T. is shown by the development 
of a violet tint on the addition of alcoholic potash. 
Weidel's t.: 1. (For uric acid) The substance 
tested is treated with nitric acid, evaporated, 
and moistened with ammonia water: if uric acid is 
present, murexid will be formed, and a purple 
color is produced. Called also murexid t. 2. 
(For xanthin) Warm with freshly prepared 
chlorin water containing a trace of nitric acid until 
gas ceases to be produced: contact with gaseous 
ammonia develops a pink or purple color. 3. (For 
xanthin bodies) Dissolve in warm chlorin water, 
evaporate, and treat with ammonia: a pink or 
purple* color will form, changing to violet on the 
addition of sodium or potassium hydroxid. 
Weil's t. (for syphilis): A test for syphilis based on 
the fact that the erythrocytes of syphilitics aie 
especially resistant to the hemolyzing power of 
cobra venom. 
Weil-Felix t. See Weil-Felix reaction, under re- 
action. 
Weinstein's t. Same as tryptophan t. 
Weisz permanganate t. See Moriz-Weisz t. 
Welland's t.: A vertical bar placed between the 
eyes and letters to be read shows the degree of 
binocular fixation. 
Wender's t. (for glucose): Make a reagent by dis- 
solving 1 part of methylene-blue in 300 parts of 
distilled water; alkalinize this with potassium 
hydroxid and heat with a suspected solution: glu- 
cose, if present, will decolorize it. 
Wenzell's t. (for strychnin): Treat the suspected 
material with a solution of 1 part of potassium 
permanganate in 2000 parts of sulphuric acid: 
strychnin, even in very small proportion, will 
cause color reactions. 
Weppen's t.: 1. (For morphin) Treatment with 
sugar, bromin, and sulphuric acid: a red color 
shows the presence of morphin. 2. (For veratrin) 
Add sugar and sulphuric acid: a yellow, green, 
or blue color is formed. 
Wernicke's t.: The hemianopic pupil reaction. 
See under reaction. 
Wetzel's t. (for carbon monoxid in blood): To the 
blood to be examined add 4 volumes of water 
and treat with 3 volumes of a 1 per cent, tannin 
solution. If CO is present, the blood becomes 
carmin-red; normal blood slowly assumes a grayish 
hue. 
Weyl's t.: 1. (For creatinin) To the suspected 
solution add a little of a dilute solution of sodium 
nitroprussid, and then carefully put in a few 
drops of a weak solution of sodium hydroxid: a 
ruby-red color results, changing to blue on warming 
with acetic acid. 2. (For nitric acid in the urine) 
Distil 200 c.c. of urine with 0.2 part of sulphuric 
or hydrochloric acid, receiving the distillate in 
a potassium hydroxid solution. If metaphenyl- 
diamin is added, a yellow color will form; if there 
is added pyrogallic acid in aqueous solution with 
a little sulphuric acid, the color will be brown; 
but sulphanilic acid in solution, followed in ten 
minutes by naphthylamin hydrochlorate, produces 
a red tint. 
Wheeler and Johnson's t. (for uracil and cy- 
tosin): To the unknown solution add bromin- 
water until the 'color is permanent, but avoid ex- 
cess. Now add an excess of barium hydroxid. A 
purple color indicates one of these substances. 
Whipple's t's. See fibrinogen t., lipase t., and 
phenoltetrachlor phthalein t. 
Widal's serum t. (1896). See Gruber-Widal re- 
action, under reaction. 
Wideroe's t.: A test for the character of puncture 
fluids. A few drops of Millon's reagent are placed 
in a watch-glass, and 1 drop of the fluid to be tested 
is placed on the surface. A film of coagulated pro- 
tein at once forms. If this film is coherent and can 
be lifted readily, the exudate is tuberculous; if less 
readily, it is inflammatory; if it breaks up so that 
it cannot be lifted at all, it is a transudate. 
Wilbrand's prism t.: A small circle of white 
paper is placed upon a black surface, and the 
' patient is seated before it with one eye bandaged. 
He is directed to look at the spot, and a strong 
prism is placed before the eye in such a way that 
the image of the spot is thrown upon the blind half 
of the retina. We notice whether the eye at once 
moves to find the object again, and whether the 
movement is reversed when the prism is with- 
drawn. The presence of this reaction places the 
lesion in the cerebrum, the absence of the reaction 
locates it in the tract. 
Wildbolz's t. See auto-urine t. 
Wilkinson and Peter's t. (for raw milk)-. Ben- 
zidine and hydrogen peroxid give a blue color in 
raw milk, but not in heated milk. 
Williamson's blood-t.: In a narrow test-tube 40 
c.mm. of water and 20 c.mm. of blood are placed; 
to this are added 1 c.c. of methylene-blue (1: 6000) 
and 40 c.mm. of liquor potassae. The tube is 
placed in a pot of boiling water. If the blood is 
from a diabetic patient, the blue soon disappears, 
but not otherwise. 
Winckler's t.: 1. (For alkaloids) A solution of 
mercuric chlorid with an excess of potassium iodid 
is added: alkaloids will cause a white precipitate. 
2. (For free HCl in the gastric juice.) Filter the juice 
into a porcelain cell with a few drops of the 5 per 
cent, alcoholic solution of alpha-naphthol contain- 
ing 1 per cent, or less of glucose. Heat carefully, 
and a bluish-violet zone will appear, which rapidly 
grows darker. 3. (For iodin.) Sodium nitrate is 
mixed with a starch-paste: iodin gives a blue color 
with it. 
Winslow's t. Test for respiration in doubtful 
death by observing a vessel of water placed at 
the bottom of the chest. 
Winternitz's t. Same as iodipin t. 
Witz's t. (for hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice): 
A 1 : 48 aqueous solution of methyl-violet causes a 
violet color, changing to blue and then green. 
Wohlgemuth's t. (for renal inadequacy): The 
urine is mixed with a solution of soluble starch, 
1 : 1000, and is incubated to permit digestive 
reaction. The fluid is then tested with iodin to 
determine the amount of starch hydrolysis. The 
test is based on the fact that the normal kidney 
tissue secretes a diastatic enzyme which is dimin- 
ished in proportion as the kidney parenchyma is 
diseased. 
Wolff-Eisner t. Same as Calmette reaction, under 
reaction. 
Wolff-Junghans t. (for gastric cancer): Quantita- 
tive estimation of the soluble albumin in the gastric 
extracts after giving a test-meal; marked in- 
crease of dissolved albumin indicating malignant 
disease. 
Woodbury's t. (for alcohol in the urine): To 2 c.c. 
of urine 1 c.c. of sulphuric acid is added, and a 
TESTS crystal of potassium dichromate: a green color 
will soon form. 
Wormley's t. (for alkaloids): 1. Made by treat- 
ing with an alcoholic solution of picric acid, when 
a yellow precipitate will be formed. 2. Made by 
treating with a solution of 1 part of iodin and 2 parts 
of potassium iodid in 60 parts of water: a colored 
precipitate will be formed. 
Worm-Miiller t. (for glucose in the urine): A test 
made by boiling in a test-tube J c.c. of a 2.5 per 
cent, solution of copper sulphate and 2.5 c.c. of a 
solution of sodic potassium hydroxid. Boil each 
and mix, and a yellowish or red precipitate will be 
formed. 
Wreden's t.: Test for death of the fetus by the 
presence of gelatinous substance in the middle ear, 
which can only be expelled on establishment of full 
respiration; never found in a child which has lived 
for twenty-four hours. 
Wurster's t.: 1. (For hydrogen dioxid) Test- 
paper is saturated with the solution of tetra- 
methylparaphenylendiamin: hydrogen dioxid turns 
it to a blue-violet color. 2. (For tyro sin.) The 
suspected material is dissolved in boiling water 
and a little quinon: a ruby-red color will form, 
changing slowly to brown. 
Wys't. See iodin number, under number. 
xanthin t. Same as Hoppe-Seyler's t. 
xanthoprotein t. Same as Mulder's t. 
xylidin t. Same as Schiff's t. 
Yefimov's t. (for worms in urine): 1. From 5 to 
10 c.c. of urine are treated with 5 or 10 drops of a 
solution of mercuric nitrate. If the precipitate 
formed is grayish or dirty, the patient has intestinal 
worms. 2. The crystals formed by evaporating a 
drop of urine are examined under the micro- 
scope. Granular crystals indicate the presence 
of cestodes; wax-like ones show the presence of 
nematodes. 
testa (tes'tah) [L.]. A shell; oyster-shell, t. o'vi, 
egg-shell, t. praepara'ta, oyster-shell powdered 
and washed. 
testaceous (tes-ta'she-us) [L. tes'ta shell]. Of the 
nature of shell; having a shell. 
testaden (tes'tad-en) [L. tes'tis testicle + Gr. ab-qv 
gland]. A therapeutic preparation of the testes 
of bulls: used in diseases of the nerves and spinal 
cord. Daily dose, 90-120 gr. (6-8 gm.). 
test-breakfast (test-brek'fast). See test-meal. 
testectomy (tes-tek'to-me) [L. tes'tis testicle + 
Gr. eKToni) excision]. Removal of a testicle; 
castration. 
testes (tes'tez) [L.J. 1. Plural of tes'tis testicle. 
See testicle. 2. The posterior tubercles of the 
corpus quadrigeminum. 
testibrachial (tes-tib-ra'ke-al). Pertaining to the 
testibrachium. 
testibrachium (tes-tib-ra'ke-um) [L. tes'tis testicle 
-f- bra'chium arm]. The superior crus, or peduncle, 
of the cerebellum; the prepeduncle. 
testicle (tes'tik-1) [L. testic'ulus]. Either one of 
the two glands which produce semen. It is an 
ovoid body, suspended in the scrotum from its pos- 
terior edge by the spermatic cord. It is inclosed in 
three tunics-the tunica vaginalis, a serous sac, 
derived from the peritoneum and consisting of 
two layers, a visceral and a parietal layer; the 
tunica albuginea, a strong fibrous tunic; and the 
tunica vasculosa (or pia mater testis), composed 
chiefly of blood-vessels held together by areolar 
tissue. This latter lines the tunica albuginea and 
the various septa within the testicle. The pos- 
terior border of the tunica albuginea is reflected 
into the interior of the gland, forming an incom- 
plete septum, the mediastinum testis, or corpus 
highmorianum, from which numerous septa are 
TESTA 
1140 
Yvon's t.: i. (For acetanilid in urine} Extract 
it with chloroform and heat the residue with mer- 
curous nitrate, when a green color will form. 2. 
(For alkaloids.) Add a solution of 3 gm. of bis- 
muth subnitrate, made by boiling in 40 c.c. of 
water, to which are added 14 gm. of potassium 
iodid and 40 drops of hydrochloric acid: a red color 
will show the presence of an alkaloid. 
Zaleski's t. (for carbon monoxid in blood): To 
2 c.c. of blood add an equal volume of water and 
3 drops of a one-third saturated solution of copper 
sulphate: if carbon monoxid is present, a brick- 
red deposit is thrown down; otherwise the precipi- 
tate is greenish brown. 
Zeisel's t. (for colchicin): Dissolve in hydro- 
chloric acid, boil with ferric chlorid, and shake 
with chloroform: a brown or dark-red layer will 
form at the bottom. 
Zeller's t. (for melanin in urine): Add bromin- 
water: a yellow precipitate will form, which changes 
slowly to black. 
Zenoni's t.: Sputum is mixed with alcohol and 
stained with aqueous solution of safranin, when the 
mucin is colored yellow and the albumin red. 
Ziehen t. (for mental disease): The patient is re- 
quested to explain the difference between such con- 
trasted objects as ice and water, cat and dog, etc. 
Zouchlos' t. (for albumin in the urine): 1. Pre- 
cipitate it with a mixture of 1 part of acetic acid 
and 6 parts of a 10 per cent, solution of mercuric 
chlorid. 2, Prepare a reagent with 100 parts 
of a 10 per cent, solution of potassium sulpho- 
cyanid and 20 parts of acetic acid: drop it slowly 
into the urine until the albumin appears as a white 
cloudiness. 3. Add equal parts of succinic acid and 
potassium sulphocyanid: albumin, if present, will 
be precipitated. 
Zsigmondy's gold number t. Same as Lange's 
t. (1st def.). 
Zwenger's t. Same as Liebermann's t. 
given off, dividing the interior of the testicle into 
cone-shaped spaces. The spaces contain the 
lobules (lobuli testis), which consist of one or 
more convoluted tubes (seminiferous tubules), 
which by their union form larger tubules (tubidi 
recti or straight tubules). The tubuli recti enter 
the mediastinum, there forming the rete testis, 
from which spring 12 to 20 efferent tubes (vasa 
efferentia). These penetrate the tunica albuginea 
and form on top of the testicle the head of the 
epididymis, in which the convoluted ducts are 
coiled in the form of conic masses (coni vasculosi) 
They empty into a single convoluted tube (tube of 
the epididymis), which is continued into the vas 
deferens. The testicle is contained in the abdomen 
up to about the eighth month of fetal life, at which 
time it descends through the inguinal canal into 
the scrotum. Cooper's irritable t., a testicle 
affected with neuralgia, inverted t., a testicle 
whose position in the scrotum is reversed, the epi- 
didymis being attached to the anterior instead of 
the posterior surface, pulpy t., a testicle affected 
with medullary sarcoma, retained t. Same 
as undescended t. undescended t., the state 
in which the testicle fails to descend into the scro- 
tum, but remains in the inguinal canal. 
testicond (tes'tik-ond) [L. tes'tis testicle + con'- 
dere to hide]. Having undescended testicles. 
testicular (tes-tik'u-lar). Pertaining to a testis, 
t. juice. See spermin. 
testiculin (tes-tik'u-lin). A preparation of the 
testicles of animals: used as a remedial agent. 
testidin (tes'tid-in). An alcoholic fluidextract 
of the testicles of bulls. 
testiiodyl (tes-te-i'o-dil). A combination of iodin 
with the albumin of coagulated blood: used like 
alkali iodids. 
TESTIIODYL testin, testine (tes'tin, -tin) [L. tes'tis testicle]. A 
sterilized extract of the testicles of rams: used 
for neurasthenia, impotence, etc. See spermin. 
testis (tes'tis), pl. tes'tes [L.]. 1. A testicle. 2. 
Either posterior tubercle of the corpus quadri- 
geminum; a postopticus, t. cer'ebri, either of 
the corpora quadrigemina. t. fcemin'eus, an 
ovary, t. mulie'bris, an ovary, t. re'dux, 
a testicle which tends to be drawn to the upper 
part of the scrotum. 
testitis (tes-ti'tis). Same as orchitis. 
test-meal (test-mel). A meal which, after a certain 
interval, is withdrawn from the stomach, its con- 
dition furnishing a guide to the digestive power of 
the stomach. Boas' t.-m., is a tablespoonful of 
oatmeal in a quart of water, boiled down to a pint. 
Dock's t.-m., the same as Ewald's except that 
one shredded wheat biscuit is substituted for the 
rolls or bread. Ewald's t.-m. consists of 2 rolls or 
slices of dry bread and 9 to 12 ounces of water. 
Fischer's t.-m., Ewald's test-meal to which is 
added J pound of finely chopped, lean Hamburger 
steak, broiled and slightly seasoned. Leube- 
Riegel t.-m., 12 ounces of soup, 4 ounces of 
minced steak, 2 ounces of white bread, 6 ounces of 
water. 
test-object. An object used for testing the de- 
fining power of a microscope. 
testogan (tes'to-gan). A trade name for the 
mixed extracts of certain glands of internal secre- 
tion. 
test-paper. Paper impregnated with litmus or 
other reagent: used in testing the acid or alkaline 
reaction of a fluid. 
test-solution. A solution of some reagent used 
in testing for the presence of some substance. 
test-tube. A tube of thin glass closed at one end: 
used for observing chemic reactions or the growth 
of bacterial cultures. 
test-types. Black letters or words printed upon 
a card: used for testing the acuity of vision. 
Jaeger's t.-t's, lines of type of various sizes on 
a card for testing near vision. 
tetania (te-ta'ne-ah) [L.]. Tetany, t. gravida'- 
rum, tetany in pregnant women, t. para- 
thyreopri'va, tetany caused by removal of the 
parathyroids. 
tetanic (te-tan'ik) [Gr. reraviKos}. 1. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of tetanus. 2. Producing tet- 
anus. 
tetaniform (tet-an'if-orm) [tetanus + L. for'ma 
shape]. Like or resembling tetanus. 
tetanigenous (tet-an-ij'en-us) [Gr. reravos tetanus 
+ yevvav to produce]. Producing tetanus or 
tetanic spasms. 
tetanilla (tet-an-il'ah). 1. A form of tetany 
without rigidity, but attended by mental changes. 
2. Paramyoclonus multiplex. 
tetanin (tet'an-in) [Gr. -reravos tetanus]. A poison- 
ous ptomain, C13H3oN204, from cultures of the 
bacillus of tetanus, and from the tissues of tetanus 
patients. It produces paralysis, tetanic convul- 
sions, and death. See ptomains, table of. 
tetanism (tet'an-izm). A form of more or less 
continuous muscular hypertonicity sometimes seen 
in young infants; a series of clinical conditions re- 
sembling those of tetanus, but dependent on 
infection with an organism other than the Clostrid- 
ium tetani. 
tetanization (tet"an-iz-a'shun). The induction 
of tetanic convulsions or symptoms. 
tetanize (tet'an-iz). To throw into a state or con- 
dition of tetanus or continuous spasm; to induce 
tetanoid movements in an organism or a muscle. 
tetanocannabin (tet"an-o-kan'ab-in). A poison- 
ous principle sometimes found in hemp: it resembles 
strychnin in its action. 
tetanode (tet'an-6d). A term applied to the un- 
excited stage of tetany. 
TESTIN 
1141 
tetanoid (tet'an-oid) [Gr. reravos tetanus + eZSos 
form]. Like or resembling tetanus. 
tetanolysin '(tet-an-ol'is-in) [tetanus + lysin}. A 
specific poison or hemolysin derivable from the 
tetanus toxin. 
tetanometer (tet-an-om'et-er) [tetanus + Gr. 
Utrpov measure]. An apparatus for measurement 
and analysis of tetanus. 
tetanomotor (tet"an-o-mo'tor) [tetanus + L. 
mo'tor mover]. A device for the mechanic pro- 
duction of tetanic motor spasm. 
tetanophil, tetanophilic (tet'an-o-fil, tet-an-o- 
fil'ik) [tetanus + Gr. <piXeiv to love]. Having: 
an affinity for the toxin of tetanus. 
tetanospasmin (tet"an-o-spaz'min). A specific 
neurotoxic poison derivable from the toxin of 
tetanus. 
tetanotoxin (tet"an-o-toks'in) [tetanus + toxin}. 
A poisonous ptomain, C5HnN, from cultures of 
the bacillus of tetanus. See ptomains, table of. 
tetanus (tet'an-us) [Gr. reravos, from relueiv to 
stretch], i. Lock-jaw; an acute infectious disease 
caused by a toxin elaborated by the Clostridium 
tetani, in which there is more or less persistent 
tonic spasm of some of the voluntary muscles. 
Tetanus usually begins gradually, but may be- 
gin suddenly; it may be of brief duration or it 
may last for some weeks. The first sign is stiff- 
ness of the jaw and esophageal muscles and some 
of the muscles of the neck. Soon the jaws become 
rigidly fixed (trismus, or lock-jaw), the voice is 
altered, the muscles of the face contract, producing 
a wild, excited expression, a compound of bitter 
laughter and crying (the risus sardonicus). The 
muscles of the back, extremities, and penis become 
tetanic. If the patient is bent back in a bow, the 
condition is termed opisthotonos; if he is bent to 
the side, pleurothotonos; if he is bent forward, 
emprosthotonos. The paroxysms are reflex, and 
are excited by noises, currents of air, and even the 
irritation of the bed-clothes. The temperature 
usually rises, and may attain a remarkable height 
(1130 F.), and continues to rise for a time after 
death. The pain is great, the patient also suffering 
from hunger, thirst, and want of sleep. The mind 
is clear. This disease is usually, but not always, 
fatal, the patient expiring from asphyxia or exhaus- 
tion. 2. Continuous tonic spasm of a muscle; 
steady contraction of a muscle without distinct 
twitching, acoustic t., a series of induction 
shocks in a frog's nerve and muscle preparation: 
the speed is measured by the pitch of a vibrant rod. 
t. anti'cus, tetanus in which the body is bowed 
forward. See under tetanus, apyretic t., tet- 
any. artificial t., that which is produced 
by a drug like strychnin or by implantation, 
cephalic t. Same as Kopf-t. cerebral t., 
a form of tetanus produced by inoculating the 
brain of animals with tetanus antitoxin. It is 
attended by epileptiform convulsions and excite- 
ment. cryptogenic t., tetanus which occurs 
without any wound or other ascertainable cause, 
t. dorsal'is, t. posti'cus, tetanus in which 
the body is bent backward. See under tetanus. 
drug t., toxic spasm produced by some tetanic 
drug, extensor t., that which affects espe- 
cially the extensors, flexor t., tonic spasm 
of flexor muscles. head-t. Same as Kopf- 
t. hydrophobic t. See Kopf-t. idio- 
pathic t., that which does not follow a lesion, 
imitative t., hysteria which simulates tetanus, 
impf-t., inoculated tetanus: cultures from it 
afford a special form of pathogenic bacillus, t. 
inf an'turn. See trismus neonatorum, inocu- 
lation t., experimental tetanus produced by 
inoculation with a culture of the Bacillus tetani. 
intermittent t., tetany. Kopf-t., tetanus 
due to a wound of the head, especially one near the 
eyebrow: it is marked by trismus, facial paralysis 
on one side, and pronounced dysphagia; the symp- 
toms resemble those of rabies: it is often fatal. 
Called also cephalic I., head-t., hydrophobic t. t. 
TETANUS TETANY 
1142 
TETRAMETHYLPUTRESCIN 
latera'lis, tetanus in which the body is bent 
sideways. See under tetanus, localized t., 
tetanic spasm of a single part, modified t., 
localized tetany, t. neonato'rum, tetanus 
of very young infants, usually due to the in- 
fection of the umbilicus, t. paradox'us, 
cephalic tetanus in which trismus is combined 
with paralysis of the facial or other cranial nerve, 
partial t., tetany, post-operative t., that 
which follows an operation, post-serum t., 
tetanus developing even after the administration 
of tetanus serum, puerperal t., that which 
occurs in childbed, rheumatic t., that which 
is due to exposure to cold and wet. Ritter's 
t., tetanic contractions taking place at the open- 
ing of a constant current which has been pass- 
ing for some time along a nerve: seen in tetany. 
Rose's t. Same as Kopf-t. toxic t., that 
produced by an overdose of nux vomica or strych- 
nin. traumatic t., that which follows wound- 
poisoning. uterine t. Same as puerperal t. 
tetany (tet'an-e). 1. A disease characterized by 
painful tonic and symmetric spasm of the muscles 
of the extremities. It occurs after typhoid fever, 
diarrhea, exposure to cold, rickets, and excision 
of the parathyroids. It is supposed to be due 
to a toxic agent; it may continue for several 
weeks, but usually ends in recovery. 2. Tetanus 
(2). duration-t., a continuous tetanic con- 
traction in response to a very strong continuous 
current: it occurs especially in degenerated muscles; 
symbol, DT. epidemic t. See rheumatic t. 
gastric t., a severe form due to disease of the 
stomach, attended by difficult respiration and 
painful tonic spasms of the extremities, para- 
thyreoprival t., tetany due to removal of the 
parathyroids, rheumatic t., an acute epidemic 
disease, not uncommon in Europe, lasting two or 
three weeks, and seldom fatal. Called also epi- 
demic t. thyreoprival t., a form due to suspen- 
sion of the function of the thyroid gland. 
tetarcone (tet'ar-kon). Same as telartocone. 
tetartanopia, tetartanopsia (tet"ar-tan-o'pe- 
ah, -op'se-ah) [Gr. rerapros fourth + av neg. + 
of/ eye or bfas vision]. Absence of vision in a 
corresponding quadrant of each field. 
tetartocone (tet-ar'to-kon) [Gr. rerapros fourth ri- 
cons]. The posterior internal cusp of an upper 
premolar tooth. 
tetartoconoid (tet-ar-to-ko'noid). The posterior 
internal cusp of a lower premolar tooth. 
tethelin (teth'el-in) [Gr. reOifbvos flourishing], 
A water-soluble phospholipin obtained from the 
anterior lobe of the pituitary body, which on 
hydrolysis yields inosite, which accelerates the 
growth process, and which prolongs the life span 
(T. Brailsford Robertson). It is employed to 
accelerate repair in slowly healing wounds. 
tetmil (tet'mil). Ten millimeters taken as a unit 
of measurement. 
tetra-. A Greek prefix signifying four. 
tetra-allyl-ammonium alum. An alum, N(C3- 
H5)4.Al2(SO4)3.i2H2O; a uric-acid solvent. 
tetrabasic (tet-rah-ba'sik) [Gr. rerpa four fl- fiaais 
base]. Containing four atoms of replaceable 
hydrogen. 
tetrablastic (tet-rah-blas'tik). Having four germ 
layers. 
tetrabrachius (tet-rah-bra'ke-us) [Gr. rerpa four 
+ ^pax'^v arm]. A monster-fetus having four 
arms. 
tetrabrom - phenolphthalein (tet"rah-brom- 
fe"nol-thal'e-in). An indicator, C6H4.CO.O.C- 
(C6H2Br2OH)2, which is colorless with acids and 
violet with alkalis. 
tetracetate (tet-ras'et-at) [Gr. rerpa four -+- 
acetate]. A compound of a base with four acetic- 
acid molecules. 
tetrachirus (tet-rah-ki'rus) [Gr. rerpa four -f- 
xdp hand]. A monster-fetus having four hands. 
tetrachlorethane (tet"rah-klor-eth'an). Acetyl- 
ene tetrachlorid, CHCI2.CHCI2, formed by the 
action of chlorin on acetylene. 
tetrachlorid (tet-rah-klo'rid) [Gr. rerpa four + 
chlorid], A chlorid in which the radical com- 
bines with four atoms of chlorin. 
tetrachlormethane (tet"rah-klor-meth'an). Car- 
bon tetrachlorid, CCI4. 
tetrachromic (tet-rah-kro'mik) [Gr. rerpa four -|- 
XP&pa color]. Able to distinguish only four colors. 
tetracid (tet'ras-id). Capable of replacing four 
atoms of hydrogen in an acid; or having four 
atoms of hydrogen replaceable by acid radicals. 
Tetracoccus (tet-rah-kok'us) [Gr. rerpa four + 
kokkos berry]. A genus or form of microphytes 
made up of a tetrad or of tetrads of cells. T. 
intracellula'ris, a pathogenic form believed to 
be the specific cause of epidemic cerebrospinal 
meningitis. 
tetracrotic (tet-rah-krot'ik) [Gr. rerpa four + 
Kpbros beat]. Same as catatricrotic. 
tetrad (tet'rad) [Gr. rerpas quadrant]. 1. Any 
element having a valence, or combining power, 
of four: used also adjectively. 2. A group of 
four similar bodies. 3. A square of cells produced 
in the division of certain cocci: if of four cells, it is 
a tetrad of the first power; if of sixteen cells, it is 
of the second power. 
tetra-ethyl-ammonium hydroxid (tet"rah- 
eth"il-am-o'ne-um). A bitter agent, N(C2H5)4OH, 
in colorless, deliquescent, hair-like needles. It 
is a solvent of uric acid and urea. Dose of the 
10 per cent, solution, 10-20 min. (0.666-1.25 c.c.). 
tetragenic (tet-raj-en'ik). Produced by the Micro- 
coc'cus tetra'genus. 
tetragenous (tet-raj'en-us) [Gr. rerpa four + 
yevvav to produce]. Giving rise to bacterial 
tetrads; splitting into groups of four: said of bac- 
teria. 
tetragonum (tet-rag-o'num) [L.; Gr. rerpaywvov]. 
A square or quadrant; a quadrangular area or 
space, t. lumba'le, the quadrangular space 
bounded by the four lumbar muscles-by the ser- 
ratus posticus inferior above, the internal oblique 
below, the sacrospinalis internally, and the ex- 
ternal oblique externally. 
tetragonus (tet-rah-go'nus). The platysma muscle, 
tetrahedron chest (tet-rah-he'dron). See under 
chest. 
tetrahydric (tet-rah-hi'drik) [Gr. rerpa four + 
hydrogen}. Containing four atoms of replaceable 
hydrogen: said of an acid or alcohol. 
tetrahydrobetanaphthylamin. See thermin. 
tetrahydroparaquinanisol. Thallin sulphate, 
tetraiodoethylene (tet-rah-i"o-do-eth'il-en). See 
diiodoform. 
tetraiodopyrrol (tet-rah-i"o-do-pir'ol). See 
iodol. 
tetramastia (tet-rah-mas'te-ah). Tetramazia. 
tetramastigote (tet-rah-mas'tig-ot) [Gr. rerpa 
four + paarc^ lash]. Having four flagella. 
tetramazia (tet-rah-ma'ze-ah) [Gr. rerpa four 4- 
pa^bs breast]. The condition of having four mam- 
mary glands. 
tetrameric, tetramerous (tet-rah-mer'ik, tet- 
ram'er-us) [Gr. rerpa four + pepos part]. Having 
four parts. 
tetramethyl (tet-rah-meth'il). A name for chemic 
compounds each molecule of which contains four 
methyl groups. 
tetra-methyl-ammonium hydroxid. NfCHsh- 
OH: has been used in rheumatism. 
tetramethylbenzene (tet"rah-met-hil-ben'zen) 
Durol. 
tetramethylendiamin (tet-rah-meth"il-en-di'- 
am-in). Putrescin. 
tetramethylputrescin (tet"rah-meth"il-pu-tres'- 
in). An extremely poisonous crystalline base. TETRAMITIASIS 
1143 
THALAMENCEPHALON 
N(CH3)2(CH2)4N(CH3)2, derivable from putrescin. 
It produces symptoms like those of muscarin 
poisoning. 
tetramitiasis (tet"rah-mit-i'as-is). Infestation 
with Tetramitus. 
Tetramitus Mesni'li. A flagellate intestinal 
parasite form occurring in the intestine of persons 
in tropical countries. Certain epidemics of diar- 
rhea have been attributed to it. 
tetranitrol (tet-rah-ni'trol). Same as nitro-erythrol. 
tetranophthalmos (tet"ran-of-thal'mos) [Gr. rerpa 
four + b<p6aXpbs eye]. A monster-fetus having 
four eyes. 
tetranopsia (tet-ran-op'se-ah) [Gr. rerpa four + 
bfts vision], A disordered state of vision in which 
there is obliteration of one-fourth of the visual 
field. 
tetranucleotid (tet-rah-nu'klo-o-tid). Nucleic 
acid. 
tetranucleotidase (tet"rah-nu-kle-ot'id-as). An 
enzyme that splits nucleic acid into nucleotids. 
Tetranychus (tet-ran'ik-us). A genus of acarids. 
T. autumna'lis, the harvest-bug, whose mite, 
Lep'tus autumna'lis. burrows under the skin, 
producing severe itching. Called also Trombid'ium 
autumna'le. T. molestis'simus, an acarid at- 
tacking man and causing severe itching. T. teal- 
sahu'ate, a Mexican mite which attacks man. 
tetraotus, tetrotus (tet-rah-o'tus, tet-ro'tus) [Gr. 
rerpawros four-eared]. A monster-fetus with two 
nearly separate heads, two faces, four eyes, and 
four ears. 
tetraplegia (tet-rah-ple'je-ah) [Gr. rerpa four + 
irXqyr) stroke]. Paralysis of all four extremities. 
tetrapus (tet'rah-pus) [Gr. rerpa four + irobs foot]. 
A monster-fetus having four feet. 
tetrasaccharid (tet-rah-sak'ar-id). A carbohy- 
drate containing four (hypothetical) saccharid 
groups, CwH^Chi. 
tetrascelus (tet-ras'el-us) [Gr. rerpa four + aneXos 
leg]. A monster-fetus having four legs. 
tetraschistic (tet-rah-skis'tik) [Gr. rerpa four 4- 
axiais division]. Divided into four elements by 
fission. 
tetraster (tet-ras'ter) [Gr. rerpa four + aarrip 
star]. A figure in karyokinesis produced by the 
quadruple division of the nucleus. 
tetrastichiasis (tet"ras-tik-i'as-is) [Gr. rerpa four 
+ artxos row]. A condition in which there are 
four rows of eyelashes. 
Tetrastoma (tet-ras'to-mah) [Gr. rerpa four + 
arbpa mouth], A genus of trematodes some- 
times found in the urine. 
tetratomic (tet-rat-om'ik) [Gr. rerpa four + 
aropov atom]. 1. Consisting of four atoms. 2. 
Having four replaceable atoms. 
Tetratrichom'onas bucca'lis. Same as Tri- 
chomonas buccalis. 
tetravaccine (tet-rav-ak'sin) [Gr. rerpa four + 
vaccine]. A vaccine containing dead cultures of 
the bacteria of typhoid, paratyphoid A, paraty- 
phoid B, and cholera. 
tetravalent (tet-rav'al-ent). Same as quadriva- 
lent. 
tetrelle (tet-rel'). An apparatus for feeding moth- 
er's milk to weakly infants. The suction is applied 
by the mother through one tube, the milk flowing 
to the infant's mouth through another tube. 
tetrodonin (tet-ro-don'in). A poisonous crystal- 
line body from the roe of fishes of the genus Tetro- 
don. 
tetrodotoxin (tet-ro-do-tok'sin). A toxic sub- 
stance isolated by Tahara from the ovaries of the 
fish Tetrodon. 
tetronal (tet'ro-nal). Diethylsulphondiethylme- 
thane, (C2H3)2.C.(SO2C2H5)2, occurring in the 
form of colorless scales. It is hypnotic. Dose, 
10-20 gr. (0.66-1.33 gm.). 
tetronerythrin (tet-ron-er'ith-rin). A pigment 
from certain birds' feathers, mullets, and many 
invertebrates. 
tetrophthalmos (tet-rof-thal'mos) [Gr. rerpa four 
+ 6<pdaXpos eye]. A double-faced monster-fetus 
with two ears and four eyes. 
tetrose (tet'ros) [Gr. rerpa four], A sugar the 
molecule of which contains four atoms of carbon. 
tetrotus (tet-ro'tus) [Gr. rerpa four + ovs ear]. See 
tetraotus. 
tetroxid (tet-roks'id) [Gr. rerpa four + oxid]. A 
compound of a radical with four oxygen atoms. 
tetryl-dermatitis. An occupation eruption 
caused by working with tetryl (tetra-nitromethyl- 
anilin). • 
tetter (tet'er). i. A popular name for various 
skin diseases. 2. A skin disease of animals com- 
municable to man, and characterized by intense 
itching, blister-t., pemphigus, brawny t., 
seborrhcea capitis, crusted t., impetigo, dry 
t., squamous or dry eczema, eating t., lupus, 
honeycomb t., favus. humid t., moist t., 
eczema, milky t., crusta lactea. scaly t., 
psoriasis and squamous eczema. 
tety (te'te). A disease of Madagascar marked by 
a pustular or scaly eruption about the nose and 
mouth. 
teucrin (tu'krin). 1. A crystalline glucosid, C21H24- 
On, from Teu'crium fru'ticans, a labiate plant 
called germander. It is employed in the treatment 
of tuberculosis. Hypodermic dose, 10-45 gr. 
(0.666-3 gm.). 2. A sterilized fluidextract of 
Teu'crium scor'dium, or water-germander: highly 
commended for the local and hypodermic treat- 
ment of lupus and tuberculous abscess. 
Teucrium (tu'kre-um) [Gr. revitpiov]. A genus of 
labiate plants called germander. Several old- 
world species are medicinal, especially those men- 
tioned under teucrin. 
teutlose (tut'los) [Gr. revrXov beet]. A kind of 
sugar found in beet-root. 
tewflkose (tu'fik-6s). A sugar occurring in the 
milk of the Egyptian buffalo, Bos bu'balus. 
Texas fever (teks'as). See under fever. 
texis (teks'is) [L.; Gr. re^is]. Childbirth. 
textiform (teks'tif-orm) [L. textifor'mis; tex'tum 
web + for'ma form]. Formed like a network, 
tissue, or web. 
textoblastic (teks-to-blas'tik) [tex'tum tissue + Gr. 
fiXaaros germ]. Forming adult tissue; regenerative: 
said of cells. 
textoma (teks-to'mah) [L. tex'tum tissue + Gr. -opa 
tumor], A tumor composed of completely dif- 
ferentiated tissue-cells. 
textometer (teks-to-me'ter) [L. tex'tum tissue 4- 
Gr. p^rqp mother]. Protoplasm regarded as the 
mother of tissues; liquor sanguinis. 
textural (teks'tu-ral). Pertaining to the texture, 
or constitution, of the tissues. 
texture (teks'tur) [L. textu'ra]. 1. Any of the or- 
ganized tissues or substances of the body. 2. The 
arrangement of the elementary parts of the body. 
T. F. See tuberculin filtrate. 
tfol (tfol). A wax-like, soapy earth from Algeria: 
20 parts mixed with 100 parts of heavy tar oil form 
an antiseptic paste for use in skin diseases. 
TGL. A symbol for a globin contained in a 
solution of tubercle bacilli in a 10 per cent, salt 
solution. 
Th. Chemical symbol of thorium. 
thalamencephal (thal"am-en-sef'al). See thal- 
amencephalon. 
thalamencephalic (thal"am-en-sef-al'ik). Per- 
taining to the thalamencephalon. 
thalamencephalon (thal"am-en-sef'al-on) [thal- 
amus + encephalon]. The interbrain; one of the 
embryonic structures produced from the posterior 
part of the anterior cerebral vesicle, and developing into the part of the brain about the third ventricle, 
such as the optic tracts, the thalami, the infundib- 
ulum, the corpora albicantia, the conarium, and 
other parts. Called also diencephalon and tween- 
brain. 
thalami (thal'am-i) [L.]. The genitive singular and 
nominative plural of thalamus. 
thalamic (thal-am'ik). Pertaining to the thal- 
amus. 
thalamocele, thalamocoele (thal'am-o-sel, thal"- 
am-o-se'lp) [Gr. GdXapos chamber + KoiXla hol- 
low]. The third ventricle of the brain. 
thalamocortical (thar'am-o-korTik-al). Pertain- 
ing to the thalamus and cortex. 
thalamocrural (thal"am-o-kru'ral). Pertaining to 
an optic thalamus and a crus cerebri. 
thalamolenticular (thal"am-o-len-tik'u-lar). Per- 
taining to the thalamus opticus -and to the len- 
ticular nucleus. 
thalamomammillary (thal"am-o-mam'il-a-re). 
Pertaining to the thalamus and mammillary bodies, 
thalamopeduncular (thal"am-o-pe-dunk'u-lar). 
Thalamocrural. 
thalamotegmental (thal"am-o-teg-men'tal). Per- 
taining to the thalamus and tegmentum. 
thalamus (thal'am-us) [L.; Gr. GaXapos chamber], 
[B N A] A mass of gray matter at the base of the 
brain projecting into and bounding the third ven- 
tricle. The internal capsule separates it from the 
lenticular nucleus, and radiating fibers connect it 
with the cortex. It is made up of an anterior, 
lateral, and inner nucleus, and the pulvinar. Called 
also optic thalamus and thalamus nervi optici. new 
t. See neothalamus, old t. See palaothalamus. 
thalassin (thal-as'in) [Gr. GdXaaaa sea]. A prin- 
ciple derived along with congestin from Anem'one 
sculte'tus. It produces irritation of the skin and 
mucous membranes. 
thalassophobia (thal"as-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. GaXaaaa 
sea + <pb0os fear]. Morbid dread or fear of the sea. 
thalassotherapy (thal"as-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. GaX- 
aaaa sea + Gepairela cure]. The treatment of dis- 
ease by sea-bathing, sea-voyages, and sea-air. 
thalictrin (thal-ik'trin). A poisonous alkaloid de- 
rived from the plant Thalic'trum macrocar'pum. 
thalleoquin (thal'e-o-kwin). A greenish, resinous 
substance, used as a test for quinin. 
thallin (thal'in). An antiseptic, bactericidal, and 
antipyretic crystalline substance, tetra hydropara- 
methyl oxyquinolin, C10H13NO = CgHgCOCHsjN.- 
H4, derived from coal-tar. Dose, 2-15 gr. (0.133- 
1 gm.), t. acetate, a compound which has been 
used in night-sweats of phthisis, but has dangerous 
toxic properties, t. periodid, t. periodosul- 
phate, a substance in black crystals: recom- 
mended for cancer. Dose, f gr. (0.05 gm.), t. 
salicylate, used like the acetate, t. sulphate, 
a yellowish-white, crystalline substance, (C10H13- 
NO)2H2SO4, soluble in water, and used as an 
antipyretic in febrile affections, and as an external 
and internal antiseptic in typhoid fever, gonor- 
rhea, etc. Dose, 5-2 gr. (0.03-0.13 gm.), given 
hourly, t. tartrate, a salt, CioHi3NO.C4H606, 
in yellowish crystals. It is soluble in water, and is 
used like the sulphate. 
thallinization (thal"in-iz-a'shun). Treatment by 
frequent doses of thallin. 
thallium (thal'e-um) [Gr. 0aXX6$ green shoot]. 
A soft, bluish-white metal; symbol, Tl; atomic 
weight, 204; specific gravity, 11.8; its salts are 
active poisons. Its sulphate is used in cystitis, 
t. acetate, serviceable in the night-sweats of 
tuberculosis, but may lead to complete loss of the 
hair. Dose, if gr. (0.1 gm.), t. sulphate, used 
in cystitis in 1 per cent, solution. 
thallophyte (thal'o-fit) [Gr. GaXXbs green shoot + 
ipvrbv plant]. One of a class of cryptogamous 
plants of low structure, including the bluish-green 
algae and fungi. 
THALAMI 
1144 
thallus (thal'us). A simple plant body not dif- 
ferentiated into root, stem, and leaf. See mycelium. 
thalosen (thal'o-sen). A laxative preparation of 
phenolphthalein, senna, and sulphur. 
thalsahuate, thalsahuata (thahl-sah-wah'tah, 
thal-sah-wah'tah). An insect or mite of Mexico, 
possibly identical with the harvest-bug: it causes 
a skin disease. 
thamuria (tham-u're-ah) [Gr. Gapvs often + ovpov 
urine]. Frequency of urination. 
thanatobiologic (than"at-o-bi-o-loj'ik) [Gr. Oava- 
ros death + 0los life]- Pertaining to life and death. 
thanatognomonic (than"at-o-no-mon'ik) [Gr. 
Gavaros death + yvopoviKos decisive]. Indicating 
the approach of death. 
thanatoid (than'at-oid) [Gr. Gavaros death + etSos 
form]. Resembling death. 
thanatol (than'at-ol). A proprietary disinfectant 
preparation of pyrocatechin mono ethyl ester, OH.- 
C6H4.O.C2H5. 
thanatology (than-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. Gavaros death + 
Xoyos discourse]. The medicolegal study of death 
and conditions affecting dead bodies. 
thanatomania (than"at-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. Gavaros 
death + pavia madness]. Suicidal or homicidal 
mania. 
thanatometer (than-at-om'et-er) [Gr. Gavaros 
death + perpov measure]. A thermometer used to 
prove the occurrence of death by the reduction of 
the bodily temperature. 
thanatophidia (than"at-o-fid'e-ah) [Gr. Gavaros 
death + 6<pis snake]. The deadly serpents col- 
lectively; toxicophidia. 
thanatophidial (than"at-o-fid'e-al). Pertaining to 
venomous snakes. 
thanatophobia (than"at-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Gavaros 
death + tpb^os fear]. The unwarranted apprehen- 
sion of imminent death; morbid dread of death. 
thanatopsia, thanatopsy (than-at-op'se-ah, 
than'at-op-se) [Gr. Gavaros death + o^is view]. 
Necropsy. 
thanatosis (than-at-o'sis) [Gr. Gavaros death]. 
Gangrene or necrosis. 
Thane's method (thanz) [George Dancer Thane, 
British anatomist]. A method of locating the 
fissure of Rolando. Its upper end is about one- 
half inch behind the middle of a line uniting the 
inion and the glabella, and its lower end about 
one-quarter inch above and one and one-quarter 
inches behind the external angular process of the 
frontal bone. 
Thapsia (thap'se-ah) [L.; Gr. Gaf/ta', named from 
the isle of Thapsus}. A genus of umbelliferous 
plants. T. gargan'ica, of northern Africa, affords 
an irritant resin somewhat used in plasters; the 
plant is locally employed as a polychrest remedy. 
thaumatropy (thaw-mat'ro-pe) [Gr. Gavpa wonder 
+ rpbiros turning]. The transformation of an 
organ or structure into another organ or structure. 
thaumaturgic (thaw-mat-er'jik) [Gr. Gavpa 
wonder + epyov work]. Magical; miraculous. 
thea (the'ah). Latin for tea. 
theaism (the'ah-dzm). Excess in tea-drinking and 
its ill consequences. 
theatrin (the'at-rin). A proprietary ointment-base 
composed of wax, oil, and water. 
thebaic (the-ba'ik) [L. Theba'icus Theban: opium 
was once prepared at Thebes]. Pertaining to or 
derived from opium. 
thebain (the-ba'in). A crystalline, poisonous, and 
anodyne alkaloid from opium, C19H2iNO3, having 
properties similar to those of strychnin. Dose, 
gr. (o.i gm.). 
thebaism (the'bah-izm). Same as opiumism. 
thebesian (the-be'ze-an). Named for or described 
by Adam Christian Thebesius, German physician, 
1686-1732. See foramen, valve, and vein. 
THEBESIAN THECA 
1145 
THEORY 
theca (the'kah), pl. the'cce [L.; Gr. repository]. 
A* case or sheath, as of a tendon, t. cor'dis, the 
pericardium, t. follic'uli, the outer covering of 
the graafian follicle, t. vertebra'lis, the spinal 
or vertebral dura. 
thecal (the'kal). Pertaining to a theca. 
thecitis (the-si'tis) [Gr. 617x17 sheath fl- -iris inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon. 
thecodont (the'ko-dont) [Gr. 617x17 chest fl- 66ous 
tooth]. Having the teeth inserted in sockets or 
alveoli. 
thecostegnosis (the"ko-steg-no'sis) [Gr. 617x17 
sheath fl- areyrcuais narrowing]. Contraction of 
a tendon-sheath. 
Theden's bandage (ta'denz) [Johann Christian 
Anton Theden, German surgeon, 1714-1797]. See 
bandage. 
theic (the'ik). One who is addicted to the immod- 
erate use of tea. 
Theile's canal, glands (ti'lez) [Friedrich Wilhelm 
Theile, German anatomist, 1801-1879]. See canal 
and gland. 
Theile'ria par'va. Same as Piroplasma parva. 
theileriasis (thi-le-ri'as-is). Infection with Theile- 
ria. See Rhodesian fever, under fever. 
thein (the'in) [L. the'a tea] A crystallizable base, 
trimethyl xanthin, C8H10N4O2, from tea; isomeric 
with caffein: used in neuralgia, etc. Hypodermic 
dose, 5-1 gr. (0.011-0.066 gm.). 
theinism, theism (the'in-izm, the'izm). The ill 
effect of habitual excess in tea-drinking. 
thelalgia (the-lal'je-ah) [Gr. 617X17 nipple fl- aXyos 
pain]. Pain in the region of the nipple. 
thelitis (the-li'tis) [Gr. 617X17 nipple fl- -ins inflam- 
mation]. Inflammation of a nipple. 
thelium (the'le-um), pl. the'lia [L.]. A papilla; 
also a nipple. 
thelyblast (thel'ib-last) [Gr. 617X1,5 female fl- dXaa- 
tos germ]. 1. The feminonucleus; the active 
element of the female generative cell. 2. The 
passive element of the male generative cell. 
thelyblastic (thel-ib-las'tik). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a thelyblast. 
thelygan (thel'ig-an). A trade name for the mixed 
extracts of certain glands of interhal secretion. 
thelyplasty (thel'ip-las-te) [Gr. 617X1,5 female fl- 
irXatraeiv to form]. Plastic operation on the nipple. 
thelytocia (thel"it-o'she-ah) [Gr. 6^Xvs female + 
tokos birth]. Normal parthenogenesis producing 
females only. 
thelytocous (the-lit'o-kus). Producing female 
offspring only. 
thelytoky (the-lit'o-ke). Thelytocia. 
Themison (them'is-on). A Greek physician who 
lived probably about 80-40 b. c. He was the , 
founder of the school of the Methodists. 
thenad (the'nad). Toward the thenar eminence, or 
toward the palm. 
thenal (the'nal). Pertaining to the palm or thenar, 
thenar (the'nar) [Gr. 9evap]. 1. The palm or the 
sole. 2. The mound on the palm at the base of the 
thumb. Called also t. eminence. 3. Pertaining to 
the palm. t. muscles, the abductor and flexor 
muscles of the thumb. 
thenen (the'nen). Pertaining to the thenal aspect 
or surface alone. 
Theobroma (the-o-bro'mah) [Gr. debs god fl- /3pwpa 
food]. A genus of sterculiaceous plants. The seeds 
of T. caca'o (called theobroma and cacao) contain 
the alkaloid theobromin, and are used in the pre- 
paration of cocoa and chocolate. They also yield 
an oil (pil of theobroma: cacao-butter), a light- 
yellow fat, which is used as an emollient and in the 
preparation of suppositories and pills. 
theobromin (the-o-bro'min). An alkaloid, C7H8- 
N4O2, dimethylxanthin, found in the leaves of 
Theobro'ma caca'o, and prepared artificially from 
xanthin. It has physiologic properties similar 
to those of caffein, and is used as an anodyne and 
antirheumatic, t. salicylate, a white, crystalline 
compound, C7H8N4O2.COO.C8H4.OH, sparingly 
soluble in water. It is a diuretic more stable and 
serviceable than diuretin. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.), 
t. sodiosalicylate, a white compound, C7H7- 
N4O2.Na.C8H4.OH.COO.Na, soluble in hot water 
and warm dilute alcohol. It is a safe antiseptic, 
diuretic, and antirheumatic in heart affections 
with dropsy. Called also diuretin. Dose of a 5 
per cent, solution, 15 min. (1 c.c.). t. sodium 
acetate. See agurin. 
theobromose (the-o-bro'mbs). Theobromin lith- 
ium, CrHrCbNi.Li: used as a diuretic. 
theocin (the'o-sin). Synthetic theophyllin. It is 
used as a diuretic. Dose, 4 gr. (0.26 gm.), sol- 
uble t., t.-sodium, sodium acetate and di- 
methylxanthin sodium: used as a diuretic. Dose, 
ii-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 gm.). 
theoforin (the-o-for'in). A combination of theo- 
bromin with sodium formate, C7H7O2N4Na fl- H.- 
CO.ONa. It is soluble in water and is recom- 
mended as a diuretic 
theoform (the'o-form). An iodoform substitute: 
a condensation product of theobromin and formal- 
dehyd. 
theolactin (the-o-lak'tin). A white, diuretic pow- 
der, being theobromin-sodium and sodium lactate. 
Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.). 
theolin (the'o-lin). A colorless, volatile liquid 
hydrocarbon, heptane, C7H18; obtainable from 
petroleum, etc. It resembles benzin and has sim- 
ilar uses. 
theomania (the-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. Oebs god fl- paoia 
madness]. Religious insanity; especially insanity 
in which the patient believes himself inspired by 
or possessed of divinity. 
theomaniac (the-o-ma'ne-ak). One who is af- 
fected with theomania. 
theonacet (the-on-as'et). See aguirin. 
theophobia (the-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 9ebs god fl- <pb^os 
fear]. Morbid fear of the wrath of God. 
theophorin (the-o-for'in). Same as theoforin. 
theophyllin (the-o-fil'in) [L. the'a tea 4- Gr. 
<pbX\ov leaf]. A white, odorless, crystalline alka- 
loid, dimethyl xanthin, C7H8N4O2, from tea: iso- 
meric with theobromin. t. sodio-acetate, C7- 
H7O2N4.CH3.CO.ONa.H2O. 
theorem (the'o-rem). A proposition capable _ of 
demonstration. Gibbs' t., substances which 
lower the surface tension of the pure dispersion 
medium tend to collect on its surface. Hazen's 
t., the proposition that for every death from 
typhoid fever avoided by the purification of public 
water-supplies two or three deaths are avoided from 
other causes. 
theory (the'o-re) [Gr. 9eupla]. 1. The doctrine of 
the principles underlying the art of healing as 
distinguished from the practice of that art. 2. A 
formulated hypothesis, or, loosely speaking, any 
hypothesis or opinion not based upon actual 
knowledge. Adami's t., a hypothesis for the 
explanation of heredity, resembling Ehrlich's 
side-chain theory of immunity. In this hypothesis 
it is assumed that the idioplasm, or vital proto- 
plasm, is made up of a mass of molecules which 
form a central ring from which side-chains may 
be detached or to which they may become at- 
tached without alteration of the primitive center. 
Environment causes the central ring to have at- 
tached certain side-chain combinations, and in 
this way the modification of the tissue-cells are 
brought about. Environment also leads to other 
modifications in the form of new side-chain com- 
binations. Altmann's t., a theory that proto- 
plasm is made up of granular particles (bioblasts) 
grouped in masses and enclosed in indifferent 
matter, apposition t., the theory that tis- sues grow by the deposit of cells from without, 
atomic t., the theory that the molecules of a 
substance are made up of one or more atoms, 
each representing a definite amount of the ele- 
ment, which amount does not vary in the mole- 
cule, whatever combinations the molecule may 
enter, avalanche t., the theory that nervous 
influence increases in force as it descends along 
an efferent nerve, biochemic t. See Ehrlich's 
biochemic t. Bowman's t. (of urinary secre- 
tion), the theory that in the glomeruli, water and 
inorganic salts are produced, while the urea and 
related bodies are eliminated by the epithelial cells 
in the convoluted tubes. Cf. Ludwig's t. bru- 
nonian t., the obsolete opinion of John Brown 
(1735-1788) that all diseases are due to an excess 
or lack of stimulus. Buchner's t., a theory of 
immunity which supposes that the cells of a body 
which has recovered from an infection undergo a 
reactive change which protects against similar 
infections. Bunge's t., there is a causal relation 
between alcoholism in a father and inability to 
suckle a child in his daughter, cell-chain t., the 
theory that the nerve-fiber consists of a chain of 
special cells which have only secondarily been 
brought into relation with the central cell, chem- 
icoparasitic t., the theory that dental caries is 
caused by combined chemical and parasitic action, 
cloaca t., the theory assumed by children and 
some neurotics that a child is born like a passage of 
the bowels. Cohnheim's t., the theory that the 
emigration of the leukocytes was the essential feat- 
ure of inflammation, corpuscular t., the theory 
that light consists of minute particles of matter 
given out in all directions from a luminous 
body, darwinian t. See darwinism. De Vries' 
t. See t. of mutations. Dieulafoy's t., the 
theory that appendicitis is always due to the ap- 
pendix becoming a closed cavity, dualistic t., 
the theory that there are two sources of origin 
of the different forms of leukocytes, namely, the 
lymphoblasts of the lymph-nodes, which give rise 
to the small lymphocytes, and the myeloblasts of 
the bone-marrow which give rise to the granular 
leukocytes. Cf. Unitarian t. Ehrlich's bio- 
chemic t., the theory that specific chemic af- 
finity exists between specific living cells and 
specific chemic substances. Ehrlich's side- 
chain t., lateral-chain t., a theory advanced 
regarding the phenomena concerned in immunity 
and cytolysis. According to this theory, the pro- 
toplasm of the body-cells contains highly complex 
organic molecules, consisting of a tolerably stable 
central group, to which are attached less stable 
"lateral chains" (or "side chains") of atoms or 
atomic groups. The ordinary chemic transfor- 
mations in the protoplasm are carried on by 
means of these lateral chains (or receptors), the 
stable center of the molecule remaining unaffected. 
The lateral chains contain a group of atoms (hap- 
tophore group), which is capable of uniting with * 
similar groups (haptophore groups) in toxins, bac- 
terial cells, and foreign cells. As the lateral chains 
of the cell protoplasm are seized upon by the foreign 
cells, the stable central group is stimulated to 
produce new lateral chains (receptors), which are 
formed in excess and thrown off into the body- 
juices. These side chains that have been thrown 
off constitute intermediary bodies or ceptors. The 
intermediary bodies (called also ceptors, haptine, 
immune body, sensitizer, fixative, preparative, and 
desmon) are designated, according to their nature, 
as uniceptors and amboceptors. The uniceptors, rep- 
resented by the antitoxins, are single bodies, and 
produce their effect by seizing and anchoring the 
toxin by means of its haptophore group. The 
amboceptors, represented by the cytolysins and bac- 
teriolysins, have two affinities, one for the invading 
bacteria or foreign cells, and one for a body called 
the complement, end-body, or addiment, which exists 
normally in the body-juices. The complement, 
when united with the bacteria or foreign cells 
through the medium of the amboceptor, is capable 
THEORY 
1146 
of causing solution of the bacteria or cells by 
means of a toxophore or zymotoxic group, emer- 
gency t., Cannon's theory that the suprarenal 
medulla is stimulated to secrete by activity on the 
part of the sympathetic nervous system in condi- 
tions of emotional excitement, pain, etc.; or, in 
other words, to meet bodily emergencies, emi- 
gration t. Same as Cohnheim's t. Flourens' 
t., the opinion that the entire cerebrum is con- 
cerned in each and every psychic operation or 
process. Frerich's t., the theory that uremia 
is really a poisoning by ammonium carbonate 
formed by the action on urea of a ferment contained 
in the blood. Freud's t., hysteria is due to a 
psychic trauma which was not adequately reacted 
to when it was received, and remains as an affect- 
memory. germ-t. i. The doctrine that all or- 
ganisms ar? developed from a cell. 2. The doc- 
trine that Vinfectious diseases are of microbic 
origin. Glenard's t., the theory that abdomi- 
nal ptosis is a nutritional disease with atrophy 
and prolapse of the intestine. Cf. Stiller's t. 
Golgi's t., the theory that the neurons com- 
municate by the neuraxons of Golgi's cells 
and the collaterals of the neuraxons of Deiters' 
cells. Goltz's t., the theory that the function 
of the semicircular canals is to transmit sensa- 
tions of position, and thus materially aid in the 
sense of equilibrium, ground-water t. See 
Pettenkofer's t. Hammarsten's t., that the 
coagulation of the blood is due to the decompo- 
sition of fibrinogen and the production from it 
of fibrinogen by the agency of fibrin. Helmholtz 
t., a theory of sound perception: each basilar fiber 
responds sympathetically to a definite tone and 
stimulates the hair-cells of Corti's organ, which rest 
upon the fiber. The nerve impulse from this stim- 
ulation of the hair-cells is carried to the brain. 
Hering's t., the doctrine that color sensation 
depends on decomposition and restitution of the 
visual substance: disassimilation producing red. 
yellow, and white, and restitution producing blue, 
green, and black. Huguier's t., uterine prolapse 
is usually due to lengthening of the supravaginal 
part of the cervix, humoral t., the theory that 
the body contains four humors-blood, phlegm, 
yellow bile, and black bile, a right proportion or 
mixing of which constitutes health; improper pro- 
portion or irregular distribution constitutes dis- 
ease. ionic t. proposes that, on going into solu- 
tion, the molecules of an electrolyte break up or 
dissociate into two or more portions, these por- 
tions being positively and negatively charged elec- 
trically, the positively charged portions being dif- 
ferent chemically than those negatively charged. 
When an electric current is passed through the 
solution of an electrolyte the positively charged 
portions are attracted by the negative pole or 
electrode, and move toward it; the negatively 
charged portions are attracted by and migrate 
toward the positive electrode. From this property 
of moving toward one of the electrodes, these 
charged molecular fractions of electrolytes are 
called ions, from the Greek verb meaning "to 
move." Kern plasma relation t., the theory 
that for each cell there exists a definite size relation 
of nuclear mass to cell mass. Lamarck's t., the 
theory that acquired characteristics may be trans- 
mitted. Liebig's t., the hydrocarbons which 
oxidize easily are the foods which produce ani- 
mal heat. Ludwig'S t. (of urinary secre- 
tion), the theory that urine is formed by the 
simple process of filtration in the glomeruli and 
diffusion along the urinary tubules. Mac- 
Dougal's t., the hypothesis that many, if not all, 
variations in nature are formed by chemic modi- 
fications of the germ-cells. Maly's t., that the 
hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice is formed by 
the interaction of the phosphates and the chlorids 
of the blood, t. of medicine, the study of the 
principles of the science and art of medicine as 
distinguished from the practice of medicine, or the 
application of those principles in actual practice. 
THEORY THEORY 
1147 
THERAPIA STERILISANS MAGNA 
mendelian t. See Mendel's law, under law. 
Metchnikoff 's t., the theory that bacteria and 
other harmful elements in the body are attacked 
and destroyed by cells called phagocytes, and that 
the contest between such harmful elements and 
the phagocytes produces inflammation. Meyer's 
t., the theory that dementia praecox is functional 
and not organic, migration t., the theory that 
sympathetic ophthalmia is produced by migration 
of the pathogenic agent through the lymph-chan- 
nels of the optic nerve. mnemic t., the the- 
ory that the cell has an inherited "memory" 
of the influences that are brought to bear upon 
it, and that consequently it tends to inherit 
acquired characteristics. Monakow's t., the 
theory of diaschisis. See diaschisis. mono- 
phyletic t. See Unitarian t. t. of muta- 
tions, the theory of heredity, according to which 
the variability in the germ-plasm is such that 
it may at times give rise not to fluctuating vari- 
ations, but to marked and permanent variations, 
and these latter, if advantageous to the animal, are 
preserved by natural selection. Such permanent 
variations are called mutations or sports. Called 
also De Vries' t. myogenic t., the theory that 
the muscle-fibers of the heart possess in themselves 
the power of originating and maintaining the con- 
traction of the heart. Ci. neurogenic t. Nernst's 
t., the theory that electric stimulus to the tissues 
is due to dissociation of the ions which produces 
a concentration of the salts in the Jolution which 
envelops the cell membranes. neurogenic 
t., the theory that the muscle-fibers of the heart 
act only in response to nerve stimulation. Cf. 
myogenic t. neuron t. (Waldeyer, 1891), 
the theory that the nervous .system consists 
of innumerable neurons in contiguity, but not 
in continuity. See neuron, onion t., the 
obsolete opinion that the vitreous is made up 
of layers arranged like those of an onion, or- 
ange t., the obsolete opinion that the vitreous 
body is composed of radial sectors like those of an 
orange. Cf. onion theory, paralytic t., the doc- 
trine that hyperemia is the most essential fact of 
inflammation, and is caused by paralysis of the 
vasomotor nerves. Pasteur's t., the theory 
that the immunity secured by an attack of a disease 
is caused by the exhaustion of material needed for 
the growth of the organism of the disease. Pet- 
tenkofer's t., the theory that epidemics, as of 
typhoid fever, occur at the time when the ground- 
water is at a low level; and that bacteria of the 
disease do not pass directly from the sick to the 
healthy, but pass into the soil, where they ripen 
when the soil is dry. phlogiston t. See phlo- 
giston. pinthecoid t., the theory that man is 
descended from the ape. proteomorphic t., 
the theory that immunity against bacterial infec- 
tion is handled by the hematopoietic system pri- 
marily, and secondarily by all the cells of the body, 
the waste products of the process being excreted- 
by the liver, resonance t., the theory of spec- 
ificity which assumes that the surface forces of 
reacting substances must harmonize. Ribbert's 
t., that a tumor is formed from the development of 
cell-rests owing to reduced tension in the surround- 
ing tissues. Schenck's t., the theory that when 
no sugar is excreted, the ovum will be developed 
which is qualfied to become a male fetus. Schief- 
ferdecker's symbiosis t., the theory that 
among the tissues of the body there is a sort of 
symbiosis, so that the products of metabolism in one 
tissue serve as a stimulus to the activities of other 
tissues, side-chain t. See Ehrlich's side-chain 
t. Stiller's t., the theory that gastroptosis is 
due to universal asthenia characterized weak- 
ness and laxity of the viscera. Cf. Glenard's 
t. Traube's resonance t. See resonance t. 
Trauber-Rosenstein t., the theory that 
puerperal eclampsia is caused by cerebral ane- 
mia due to some poisonous element of the blood, 
undulatory t., the doctrine that light, heat, and 
electricity are propagated by undulations in an 
ether that pervades all space. Unitarian t., 
the theory that all forms of leukocytes arise from 
a single form or variety of parent cells which has 
the characteristics of a large or small lymphocyte. 
Called also monophyletic t. Cf. dualistic t. unit- 
ary t., the theory that disease is single in its nature 
and is not made up of separate and distinct morbid 
entities. Villemin's t., the theory of the infec- 
tiousness and specificity of tuberculosis held be- 
fore the discovery of the bacillus. Weismann's 
t. See weismannism. Young-Helmholtz t., 
the doctrine that color vision depends on three sets 
of retinal fibers, corresponding to the colors red, 
green, and violet, zeist t., zeistic t., the theory 
that pellagra is due to eating diseased maize. 
Zuntz's t. (0/ muscle contraction), muscle-fibrils 
consist of rods and cylinders. The beginning of the 
contractile process lies in the combustion which 
takes place within the rods. The resultant carbon 
dioxid dissolves in the water present (as if it were so 
much sugar) and exerts an osmotic pressure of ap- 
proximately 5 gm. per sq. cm. At the moment of 
their formation the carbon dioxid molecules have a 
temperature of over 60000 C. The osmotic pressure 
of the contents of the rods is raised by this high 
temperature to 462 gm. per sq. cm. As the result of 
this osmotic difference between the contents of the 
rod and the sarcoplasm bathing it, water diffuses 
rapidly into the rod, causing it to shorten and ap- 
proach the spheric shape, i. e., the muscle contracts. 
Presently the temperature falls through radiation, 
etc.; the osmotic pressure of the carbon dioxid 
falls; water diffuses outward, followed by a slower 
diffusion of the carbon dioxid and other products 
of muscular activity; i. e., the muscle relaxes. 
theotherapy (the-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 0eos god + 
Oepairela treatment]. The treatment of disease by 
prayer and religious exercises. 
thephorin (the'for-in). A bitter crystalline di- 
uretic powder, a double salt of sodium theo- 
brominate (or theophyllinate) and sodium formate. 
It is an anologue of diuretin in which the salicylic 
acid is replaced by formic acid. 
therapeusis (ther-ap-u'sis). Therapeutics. 
therapeutic, therapeutical (ther-ap-u'tik, ther- 
ap-u'tik-al) [Gr. OepairevTiKos]. 1. Pertaining to 
therapeutics, or to the art of healing. 2. Curative, 
therapeutics (ther-ap-u'tiks) [Gr. OepasrevTucr)]. 
1. The science and art of healing. 2. A scientific 
account of the treatment of disease, alimentary 
t., treatment by careful regulation of the diet, 
food, etc.; alimentotherapy. cellular t., organo- 
therapy. dental t., that branch of dentistry 
which deals with the treatment of diseases of 
the teeth, dynamic t., treatment based on the 
careful selection of each separate drug for a dis- 
tributive purpose, empiric t., treatment by 
remedies that experience has proved to be useful, 
massive sterilizing t., therapia sterilizans 
magna. mediate t., medication of a nursing 
child through its mother's milk, the remedy 
being administered to the mother, mental t., 
treatment directed to influencing the mind, in- 
cluding hypnotic suggestion, etc. rational t., 
treatment based upon a knowledge of the disease 
and of the action of the remedies employed, ray 
t., radiotherapy, specific t., treatment of a 
disease by a drug that is regarded as specific, 
as of syphilis by mercury, stomatologic t., 
the treatment of diseases of the mouth, sug- 
gestive t., treatment of disease by hypnotic sug- 
gestion. testicular t., treatment by the hy- 
podermicinjection of testicular extract, vibra- 
tory t., treatment by vibrations of various kinds, 
as by vibratory motions in massage. 
therapeutist (ther-ap-u'tist). A person skilled in 
the treatment of disease. 
therapi'a sterili'sans mag'na. Ehrlich's method 
of treatment by the use of some chemical agent 
which will destroy the parasites in the body of a 
patient without being seriously toxic for the pa- 
tient. THERAPIN 
1148 
THERMODIFFUSION 
therapin (ther'ap-in). A glycerid of therapic 
acid from cod-liver oil. 
therapist (ther'ap-ist). Same as therapeutist. 
therapol (ther'ap-ol). A proprietary remedy, de- 
scribed as being an ozonized vegetable oil: used 
in diphtheria. 
therapy (ther'ap-e) [Gr. Oepairda]. The treatment 
of disease; therapeutics. See under treatment. 
autoserum t., treatment of disease by the in- 
jection of the patient's own blood-serum, bac- 
terial t. Same as opsonic t. biologic t., treat- 
ment of disease by the injection of the substances 
which produce a biologic reaction in the organism. 
The term includes the use of serums, antitoxins, 
vaccines, and non-specific proteins. Curie t., 
treatment with radium, diathermic t., treat- 
ment by thermopenetration, emanation t., 
treatment of disease by the emanations from 
radio-active substances, fever t. See Weiss's 
treatment, under treatment, immunization t. 
Same as serum-t. non-specific t., treatment of 
infections by the injection of non-specific sub- 
stances, such as proteins, proteoses, bacterial vac- 
cines, etc., which produce a general and non- 
specific effect on cellular activity, nuclein t., the 
treatment of disease by nucleins from blood-serum 
and from various organs, opsonic t., the treat- 
ment by the use of bacterial vaccines to increase the 
opsonic index of the blood: called also vaccine t. 
organic t., organotherapy, protective t. 
Same as sparing t. protein t., injection of foreign 
proteins by the parenteral route in inflammatory 
and venereal diseases; non-specific therapy, se- 
rum-t. Same as serotherapy, solar t., helio- 
therapy. sparing t., treatment directed to the 
protecting and sparing of an organ by allowing it to 
rest as much as possible. Called also protective t. 
substitutive t. See substitutive medication, un- 
der medication, thyroid t., treatment of various 
diseases by the thyroid gland of sheep or by deriva- 
tives from it. It is employed in myxedema, cre- 
tinism, goiter, obesity, scrofuloderma, psoriasis, 
pityriasis, lupus, etc. vaccine t., active im- 
munization against a disease by the injection of 
the bacteria of the disease or their products di- 
rectly into a patient. Weiss's fever t. See 
Weiss's treatment, under treatment. 
theriaca (the-ri'ak-ah) [Gr. OqptaK-q antidotal to 
the poison of wild animals, from Oqp wild animal]. 
1. An antidote; especially a cure for snake-bite. 
2. Molasses, or treacle, t. androm'achi, Venice 
treacle, a celebrated mixture of sixty-four drugs, 
formerly prescribed as an antidote for poisons. 
theriakol (the-ri'ak-ol). A proprietary substance: 
good against snake-bite. 
theriatrics (the-re-at'riks) [Gr. Oqp beast + 
larpucos curative]. Veterinary medicine. 
Therioplectes (the"re-o-plek'tez). A genus of 
tabanid flies. 
theriotherapy (the"re-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Oqplov 
beast + Oeparreia treatment]. Treatment of 
the diseases of lower animals. 
theriotomy (the-re-ot'o-me) [Gr. Oqpiov beast 4- 
T^pvecu to cut]. The dissection or anatomy of 
animals. 
therm (therm) [Gr. Oeppq heat]. A heat-unit; the 
amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water 
through one degree centigrade. 
thermacogenesis (ther"mak-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. 
Oeppq heat 4* v&eais generation]. The action of 
a drug in affecting the temperature. 
thermae (ther'me) [Gr. Oeppq heat]. Warm springs 
or warm baths; also establishments for the thera- 
peutic use of warm medicinal springs. 
thermaerotherapy (ther-ma"er-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 
Oeppq heat + aqp air 4- Oepaireia treatment]. 
Treatment by the application of hot air. 
thermaesthesia (ther-mes-the'ze-ah). See therm- 
esthesia. 
thermal (ther'mal). Pertaining to or characterized 
by heat. t. death-point. See under death- 
point. 
thermalgesia (ther-mal-je'ze-ah) [Gr. Oepp-q heat 
+ aXyos pain], A condition in which the applica- 
tion of heat produces pain. 
thermalgia (ther-mal'je-ah) [Gr. Oepp-q heat 4- 
aXyos pain], A condition marked by sensations of 
intense burning pain; causalgia. 
thermanalgesia (ther"man-al-je'se-ah). Thermo- 
analgesia. 
thermanesthesia (ther"man-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
Oepp-q heat 4- anesthesia}. Lack of ability to 
recognize sensations of heat and cold; absence 
of the heat sense. 
thermantidote (ther-man'tid-ot). A hand-blow- 
ing machine for ventilation. 
thermatology (ther-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. Oeppq heat + 
Xbyos treatise]. The scientific study of heat as a 
therapeutic agent. 
thermesthesia, thermaesthesia (ther-mes-the'- 
ze-ah) [Gr. Oeppq heat + alaOqacs feeling]. Ability 
to recognize heat and cold; the temperature sense. 
thermesthesiometer, thermaesthesiometer 
(ther"mes-the-ze-om'et-er) [thermesthesia + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
sensibility to heat and cold. 
thermic (ther'mik). Of or pertaining to heat, 
t. fever, sunstroke. 
thermifugin (ther-mif'u-jin). Sodium methyl tri- 
hydroxy quinolin carbonate, an antipyretic remedy, 
C9Hs(CH3).NCOONa, in colorless crystals. Dose, 
i2~3t gr- (0.1-0.25 gm.). 
thermin (ther'min). Tetrahydronaphthylamin: a 
colorless liquid, Ci0Hn.NH2: used as a mydriatic, 
t. hydrochlorid, C10Hn.NH2.HCl, a colorless, 
crystalline mydriatic agent. 
thermion (ther'me-on) [Gr. Oeppq + ion]. A par- 
ticle containing an electric charge emitted by an 
incandescent substance. 
thermionics (ther-me-on'iks). The science of the 
phenomena exhibited by thermions. 
thermit (ther'mit). A mixture of aluminum and 
ferric oxid. 
thermo- [Gr. Oeppq heat]. A prefix implying some 
relation to heat. 
thermo-aesthesia (ther"mo-es-the'ze-ah). See 
thermesthesia. 
thermo-algesia (ther"mo-al-je'ze-ah). Same as 
thermalgesia. 
thermo-analgesia (ther"mo-an-al-je'ze-ah) [Gr. 
Oeppq heat 4- analgesia]. Complete anesthesia 
to heat stimulation. 
thermo-anesthesia (ther"mo-an-es-the'ze-ah). 
See thermanesthesia. 
thermocauterectomy (ther"mo-kaw-ter-ek' to- 
me) [thermocautery 4- Gr. eKropq excision]. Ex- 
cision of an organ (as the uterus) by the thermo- 
cautery: igniextirpation. 
thermocautery (ther-mo-kaw'ter-e) [Gr. Oeppq 
heat + cautery]. Cauterization by means of a 
heated wire or point. 
thermochemistry (ther-mo-kem'is-tre) [Gr. Oeppq 
heat + chemistry]. The scientific study of the 
relations between thermic and chemical energies. 
thermochroic (ther-mo-kro'ik) [Gr. Oeppq heat + 
Xpoa color]. Reflecting some of the heat-rays 
and absorbing or transmitting others. 
thermochroism, thermocrosis (ther-mok'ro- 
izm, ther-mo-kro'sis). The state or condition of 
being thermochroic. 
thermocoagulation (ther"mo-ko-ag-u-la'shun). 
Treatment of growths by producing coagulation 
through the action of high-frequency currents. 
thermocurrent (ther-mo-kur'ent). A thermo- 
electric current. 
thermodiffusion (ther"mo-dif-u'zhun). Diffusion 
by heat. THERMODIN 
1149 
THERMOPHYLIC 
thermodin (ther-mo'din). A white, crystalline 
powder, C6H4.(OC2H5)N(COCH3)COOC2H5, or 
acetyiparaethoxyphenylurethan, derived from ure- 
than. It is soluble in 450 parts of boiling and 
2600 parts of cold water. It is an antipyretic, 
antiseptic, and analgesic, and is used in typhoid 
fever, pleurisy, influenza, and pneumonia. Dose, 
5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.). 
thermodynamics (ther"mo-di-nam'iks) [Gr. Oeppq 
heat 4- 8vva.pi? power]. The science of the trans- 
formation of heat and energy. 
thermo-electric (ther"mo-e-lek'trik). Pertaining 
to electricity generated by heat. 
thermo-electricity (ther"mo-e-lek-tris'it-e). Elec- 
tricity generated by heat. 
thermo-esthesia (ther"mo-es-the'ze-ah). See 
thermesthesia. 
thermo-esthesiometer (ther"mo-es-the-ze-om/et- 
er). See thermesthesiometer. 
thermo-excitory (ther"mo-ek-si'to-re). Exciting 
or stimulating the production of heat in the body, 
thermofuge (ther'mo-fuj). A proprietary prepa- 
ration of aluminum silicate, glycerin, and anti- 
septics: used as an anodyne and antiphlogistic 
dressing. 
thermogenesis (ther-mo-jen'es-is) [Gr. Oeppq heat 
4- yevecris production]. The production of heat: 
especially the process of generating heat within 
the animal body. 
thermogenetic, thermogenic (ther"mo-jen-et- 
ik, ther-mo-jen'ik). Producing heat or pertaining 
to the production of heat. 
thermogenics (ther-mo-jen'iks). A scientific view 
of the production of heat. 
thermogenous (ther-moj'en-us). Same as ther- 
mogenetic. 
thermograph (ther'mo-graf) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
ypaipeiv to record]. A registering thermometer; 
an instrument for recording heat variations. 
thermohyperalgesia (ther"mo-hi-per-al-je'ze-ah) 
[Gr. Oeppq heat 4- hyperalgesia]. A condition in 
which the application of heat causes extreme pain. 
thermohyperesthesia, thermohyperaes- 
thesia (ther"mo-hi-per-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. Oeppq 
heat 4- hyperesthesia]. Extreme sensitiveness to 
heat and cold. 
thermohypesthesia (ther"mo-hi-pes-the'ze-ah). 
Thermohypoesthesia. 
thermohypoesthesia (ther"mo-hi-po-es-the'ze- 
ah). Decreased sensibility to heat and cold. 
thermo-inhibitory (ther"mo-in-hib'it-or-e). In- 
hibiting or retarding the production of bodily 
heat. See center. 
thermol (ther'mol). A white, tasteless, and non- 
toxic base, acetyl salicyl phenetidin, C17H17NO4, 
analgesic, antiseptic, and antipyretic. Dose, 3-6 
gr. (0.199-0.4 gm.). 
thermolabile (ther-mo-la'bil). Easily altered or 
decomposed by heat. As applied to sera, it means 
losing its activity at a temperature of from 550 to 
56° C. 
thermolamp (ther'mo-lamp) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4 
Xapirq lamp], A lamp for heating. 
thermolaryngoscope (ther"mo-lar-ing'go-skop). 
A laryngoscope heated by electricity so that the 
mirror does not become obscured by condensing 
moisture. 
thermology (ther-mol'o-je) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
Xoyos treatise]. The science of heat. 
thermolysis (ther-mol'is-is) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
Xvais loosening]. 1. Chemic dissociation by 
means of heat. 2. The dissipation of bodily heat 
by means of radiation, discharge of excretions, etc. 
thermolytic (ther-mo-lit'ik) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
Xveiv to loosen]. 1. Pertaining to thermolysis. 2. 
Dissipating the heat of the body, or promoting 
its dissipation. See center. 
thermomassage (ther"mo-mas-azh') [Gr. Oeppq 
heat + massage]. Massage with heat. 
thermometer (ther-mom'et-er) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
perpov measure]. An instrument for ascertaining 
temperatures. It consists of a substance which 
expands and contracts with alterations of tempera- 
ture, and of a graduated scale indicating the degree 
of expansion or contraction (see table of equiva- 
lents). air-t., one whose expansible material 
is air. alcohol t., one whose expansible ma- 
terial is alcohol, axilla t., a clinical thermom- 
eter to be used in the axilla. Celsius t., centi- 
grade t., one with roo degrees between the 
melting-point of ice and the boiling-point of water, 
the former being at zero and the latter at roo 
degrees, clinical t., one for use at the bedside of 
the sick, differential t., one for measuring very 
small variations of temperature. Fahrenheit t., 
one in which the space between the freezing-point 
and the boiling-point is divided into 180 degrees, 
320 being the freezing-point of water and 212° 
the boiling-point of water, fever-t., an ordinary 
clinical thermometer, half-minute t., an ex- 
ceedingly sensitive form of clinical thermometer, 
homigrade t., a thermometer in which ioo° 
represents the normal temperature of the human 
body (98.5° F., 370 C.), zero the freezing-point, 
and 2700 the boiling-point (2120 F., ioo° C.). 
kata t. See katathermometer. maximum 
t., one which registers the maximum heat to 
which it has been exposed, mercurial t., 
one which has mercury in its expansible column, 
metallic t., one which contains some metal other 
than mercury as its expansible element, met- 
astatic t., one which will indicate very minute 
changes of temperature, minimum t., one 
which registers the lowest temperature to which 
it has been exposed. Reaumur t., one which 
has 800 in place of the ioo° of the centigrade scale, 
resistance t., a thermometer which uses the 
electric resistance of metals as its measurement 
of temperature. It consists of a resistance bulb of 
nickel or platinum wire and a Wheatstone bridge, 
self-registering t., one which records varia- 
tions of temperature, surface-t., a clinical 
thermometer for taking the temperature of the 
surface of the body. 
thermometric (ther-mo-met'rik). Pertaining to 
a thermometer or to the measurement of heat. 
thermometry (ther-mom'et-re). The measure- 
ment of temperatures. 
thermoneurosis (ther-mo-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. Oeppq 
heat + neurosis]. Pyrexia of vasomotor origin. 
thermopalpation (ther"mo-pal-pa'shun) [Gr. 
Oeppq heat 4- palpation]. Palpation for the pur- 
pose of determining differences of temperature 
at different portions of the body. 
thermopenetration (ther"mo-pen-et-ra'shun). 
Application of currents of low tension and high 
amperage, which produce warmth in the deeper 
parts of the body. Called also De Keating-Hart 
method. 
thermophagy (ther-mof'aj-e) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
tpayeZv to eat]. The eating of very hot food. 
thermophil, thermophilic (ther'mo-fil, ther-mo- 
fil'ik) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- <piXetv to love]. Not 
able to grow without a high or very considerable 
degree of heat; fond of heat; said of bacteria 
which develop best at a temperature of 400 to 700 C. 
thermophobia (ther-mo-fo'be-ah) [Gr. Oeppq heat 
4- <p6/3os fear]. Morbid dread of heat. 
thermophore (ther'mo-for) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
tpepeiv to bear]. A metallic box or rubber bag 
filled with a mixture of glue, sodium acetate, 
sodium chlorid, and calcium sulphate. Dipped 
in hot water, it retains its heat for a long time, 
and is used in the local treatment of diseases. 
thermophylic (ther-mo-fi'lik) [Gr. Oeppq heat 4- 
<pvXa.Kq guard]. Resisting the destructive effects 
of heat (said of certain bacilli). THERMOPILE 
1150 
THIALION 
Table of Equivalents of Centigrade and 
Fahrenheit Thermometric Scales. 
fected by moderate heat; not affected by a tempera- 
ture of over 55° C. 
thermostat (therimo-stat) [Gr. Oeppr) heat 4- 
Lcrravai to halt]. An apparatus or appliance for 
regulating the heat automatically. 
thermosteresis (ther"mo-ster-e'sis) [Gr. Oippn 
heat 4- aT€p7j<m deprivation]. The deprivation 
of heat. 
thermosystaltic (ther"mo-sis-tal'tik) [Gr. 0eppr) 
heat + <w together + areWeiv to send]. Con- 
tracting under the influence or stimulus of heat. 
thermosystaltism (ther-mo-sis'tal-tizm) [Gr. 
Oeppr) heat + avareXXeiv to contract]. Muscular 
contraction in response to temperature changes. 
thermotactic (ther-mo-tak'tik) [Gr. Oeppy heat 4- 
raKTiKos regulating]. Regulating or controlling 
the bodily temperature. See center. 
thermotaxic (ther-mo-taks'ik) [Gr. 0eppr) heat 4- 
ra£is order]. Same as thermotactic. 
thermotaxine (ther-mo-taks'in). A proprietary 
antipyretic and sedative remedy. 
thermotaxis (ther-mo-taks'is) [Gr. 0eppr) heat 4- 
ra^is arrangement], i. The normal adjustment 
of the bodily temperature. 2. The movement of 
organisms in relation to heat. 
thermotherapy (ther-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. 0epprj 
heat 4* 0epairela therapy]. Treatment of disease 
by the application of heat. 
thermotics (ther-mot'iks). The science of heat. 
thermotonometer (ther"mo-to-nom'et-er) [Gr. 
0ippt) heat 4- topos tension 4- perpov measure]. 
An instrument for measuring the amount of mus- 
cular contraction caused by heat. 
thermotoxin (ther-mo-toks'in) [Gr. 0eppr) heat 4- 
toxin]. Any toxic substance formed in the living 
organism by heat. 
thermo tracheotomy (ther"mo-tra-ke-ot'o-me). 
Tracheotomy with the actual cautery. 
thermotropism (ther-mot'ro-pizm) [Gr. Oepprj heat 
4- rpoirf] turn]. The attractive and repulsive in- 
fluence exerted by heat on certain bacterial cells. 
thermozine (ther'mo-zin). A proprietary aseptic 
poultice material, used in veterinary practice for 
wounds, sores, and inflammations. 
theroid (the'roid) [Gr. OrjpiwSijs beast-like]. Re- 
sembling an animal of a lower order. 
theromorph (the'ro-morf) [Gr. Orjp wild beast 4- 
pop<pi) form]. A morphologic part of an organism 
or individual with supernumerary, teratic, or 
absent parts, giving it a resemblance to a lower 
animal. 
theromorphia, theromorphism (the-ro-morife- 
ah, the-ro-mor'fizm). The abnormal resemblance 
of some part of the organism to the normal structure 
of the corresponding part of an animal of lower 
type. 
thesis (the'sis) [Gr. 0eais proposition]. An essay 
prepared for a degree. 
Thessalus (thes'al-us). A Greek physician, the 
son of Hippocrates, believed to have been the 
author of medical writing. He regarded excessive 
bile secretion as a cause of disease. 
Thessalus of Tralles. A Greek physician of the 
school of the Methodists; born in Lydia, and prac- 
tising during the reign of Nero. He was a pupil of 
Themison. 
thevetin (thev'et-in). A bitter, white, crystalline 
or powdery and poisonous glucosid from Theve'tia 
neriifo'lia and T. theve'tia, apocynaceous tropical 
plants. It is emetocathartic and antipyretic. 
thial (thi'al). Urotropin oxymethylsulphonate: 
used in solution as an antiseptic. 
thialdin (thi-al'din). An agent occurring in volatil- 
izable crystals, NH(CHCH3S)2CHCH3, derived 
from aldehyd ammonia by the action of sul- 
phureted hydrogen; it is a heart stimulant. 
thialion (thi-a'le-on). A proprietary preparation 
of a lithium salt: used for gout, etc. 
Cent. Fahr. 
o o 
57 134-6 
58 1364 
59 
60 140.0 
61 141.8 
62 143.6 
63 145-4 
64 147.2 
65 149.0 
66 150.8 
67 152.6 
68 <54-4 
69 156.2 
70 158.0 
71 159.8 
72 161.6 
73 163.4 
74 165.2 
75 167.0 
76 168.8 
77 170.6 
78 172.4 
79 174-2 
80 176.0 
81 177.8 
82 179-6 
83 181.4 
84 183.2 
85 185.0 
86 186.8 
87 188.6 
88 190.4 
89 192.2 
90 194.0 
91 195-8 
92 197*6 
93 199-4 
94 201.2 
95 203.0 
96 204.8 
97 206.6 
98 208.4 
99 210.2 
100 212.0 
101 213.8 
102 215.6 
103 217.4 
104 2x9.2 
Cent. Fahr. 
0 0 
9 48.2 
10 50.0 
II 51-8 
12 53-6 
13 55-4 
M 57-2 
15 59-o 
16 60.8 
17 62.6 
18 64.4 
19 66.2 
20 68.0 
21 69.8 
22 71.6 
23 73-4 
24 75-2 
25 77-° 
26 78.8 
27 80.6 
28 82.4 
29 84.2 
30 86.0 
31 87.8 
32 89.6 
33 9^4 
34 93-2 
35 95 ° 
36 96.8 
37 98.6 
38 100.4 
39 102.2 
40 104.0 
41 105.8 
42 107.6 
43 IO9-4 
44 in.2 
45 "3° 
^6 114.8 
47 116.6 
48 118.4 
49 120.2 
50 122.0 
51 123.8 
52 125.6 
53 127-4 
54 129.2 
55 I31-0 
56 132.8 
Cent. Fahr. 
0 C4 co q N CO 0 CM 00 0 CM 00 0 CM C4 0 00 vO CM 0 00 O N 0 00 O CM 0 00 \O ^04 0 00 \© •♦ 
_ 6 CO 'C 4 cm « ch 4 4 4 cm 6 00' \© 4 4 m S' *n 4 cm" 6 m 4 44 00' 6 S 4 10 n 0 m 4 44 oo'6m444c>mS 44 
O jtcncnipppttNCiciNNMHMHHi । । । । । 
0 Ch00 r>.vo m't- m 04 m o 0.00 cn cm »-< 0 "*00 r^v© m m cm h 0 Chop vw co « m 0 m cm m •'t m\© b*oo 
n '*oocnc*)mmcnmmc*»m«cMeM«cMCMCMCMC*«MMMH>-MMMHMT 1 1 T 1 1 1 1 1 । 
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 
thermopile (ther'mo-pil) [Gr. 6eppq heat + L. pi'la 
pile]. A thermo-electric battery used in measuring 
small variations in the degree of heat. It consists 
of a number of metallic plates connected together, 
in which, under the influence of heat, an electric 
current is produced. 
thermoplegia (ther-mo-ple'je-ah) [Gr. Oeppq heat 
+ TrXrjyri stroke]. Heat-stroke or sunstroke; 
thermic fever. 
thermopolypnea, thermopolypnoea (ther"- 
mo-pol-ip'ne-ah) [Gr. deppy heat + iroXvs many + 
irvola breath]. A quickening of the respiration 
due to great heat or high temperature. 
thermopolypneic (ther"mo-pol-ip-ne'ik). Con- 
cerned with thermopolypnea; concerned with 
the causation of panting by the application of 
heat. 
thermoprecipitin (ther"mo-pre-sip'it-in). A 
heated extract of a bacterium used for precipitin 
tests. 
thermoradiotherapy (ther"mo-ra"de-o-ther'ap- 
e). A method of applying the x-rays in combina- 
tion with a heating of the tissues by thermopene- 
tration on the theory that the radiosensitiveness of 
tissues is increased by heating them. 
thermoregulator (ther-mo-reg'u-la-tor). i. Con- 
trolling or regulating heat. 2. Same as thermostat. 
thermoscope (ther'mo-skbp) [Gr. Oeppq heat + 
aKoireiv to view]. A differential thermometer. 
thermo stabile (ther-mo-sta'bil). Not easily af- THICK WIND 
1151 
THIOSINAMIN 
thick wind (thik). Rough breathing in horses, 
usually occurring after pneumonia. 
Thielmann's diarrhea drops, diarrhea mix- 
ture (tel-manz) [Karl Heinrich Thielmann, Ger- 
man internist, 1802-1872]. See under mixture. 
Thiersch's method (ter'shez) [Karl Thiersch, 
German surgeon, 1822-1895]. A method of skin- 
grafting in which long, broad strips of skin are 
used, which include one-half the thickness of the 
skin; i. e., the epidermis, rete, and part of the cutis 
vera. 
thigenol (thi-je'nol). A soluble sulphur com- 
pound containing 10 per cent, of organic sulphur. 
It is a solution of the sodium salts of synthetic 
sulpho-oleic acids and is used in place of sulphur in 
skin diseases. 
thigh (thi). The portion of the leg above the knee, 
t.-bone, the femur, cricket-t., rupture of 
some of the fibers of the rectus femoris, which may 
occur in playing cricket or foot-ball; sometimes the 
tendon of the quadriceps or that of the patella is 
also ruptured. Heilbronner's t., broadening 
and flattening of the thigh: seen in cases of organic 
paralysis when the patient lies on his back on a hard 
mattress. It does not appear in hysteric paralysis. 
thigmesthesia (thig-mes-the'zhe-ah) [Gr. Blypa 
touch + alaBrjais sensation]. Tactile sensibility. 
thigmocyte (thig'mo-sit) [Gr. 0lypa touch + 
kvtos cell]. A name recently given to a blood- 
platelet on the theory that the platelet's function 
is to adhere to non-greasy matter. When the plate- 
lets make an effort to ingest foreign matter, the cells 
stretch and allow thrombin to exude, thus allowing 
clotting to occur. 
thigmotaxis (thig-mo-taks'is). Same as thigmot- 
ropism. 
thigmotropism (thig-mot'ro-pizm) [Gr. Biypa 
touch + rpoiros turning]. An adjustment with 
reference to contact or mechanical stimuli. 
thilanin (thi'lan-in) [Gr. 0elov sulphur 4- L. la'na 
wool]. A yellowish, oily substance, consisting 
of lanolin that contains 3 per cent, of sulphur. It 
is used locally in skin diseases. 
thilaren (thi'lar-en). A solution of linalyl acetate 
thiozonid and alkali thiozonate: used in preparing 
artificial sulphur baths. 
thilaven (thi'lav-en). CgHySsCiiCH^sHgCh, a 
solution of linalyl acetthiozone in alkaline thio- 
zone, used as a substitute for ichthyol. 
thio- [Gr. 0eiov sulphur], A prefix implying com- 
position with sulphur. 
thio-acid (thi-o-as'id). Any acid formed by the 
substitution of sulphur for the oxygen of an oxygen 
acid. 
thio-albumose (thi-o-al'bu-mbs). A deutero- 
albumose having a large sulphur content. 
thio-alcohol (thi"o-arko-hol). Same as mercap- 
tan. 
thio-aminopropionic acid (thi"o-am"in-o-pro- 
pe-on'ik). See under acid. 
Thiobacteria (thi"o-bak-te're-ah). Thiobacteri- 
ales. 
Thiobacteriales (thi"o-bak-te-re-a'les). An order 
under the class Schizomycetes. It includes the 
sulphur bacteria whose cells contain either granules 
of free sulphur or bacteriopurpurin, or both. 
thiocamf, thiocamph (thi'o-kamf). A greenish- 
yellow fluid derived from camphor and sulphur 
dioxid: disinfectant. 
thiocol (thi'o-kol). A white or pinkish, crystalline 
powder, potassium ortho-guaiacol-sulphonate, C8- 
H3.OH.OCH3.SO3K, soluble in water and contain- 
ing about 60 per cent, of guaiacol. It is used as a 
substitute for guaiacol in tuberculosis, catarrhs, 
and chronic coughs. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.33-1.333 
gm.). 
thiocyanate (thi-o-si'an-at) [Gr. Belov sulphur + 
Kbavos blue], A salt analogous in composition to a 
cyanate, but containing sulphur instead of oxygen. 
thiodin (thi'o-din). A preparation of iodin, ich- 
thyol, hydrastin, glycerin, etc., in the form of sup- 
positories. 
thio-estrin (thi-o-es'trin). A proprietary sulphur 
preparation: used in gout, rheumatism, etc. 
thio-ether (thi-o-e'ther). A sulphur ether; an 
ether in which sulphur replaces oxygen. 
thioethylamin (thi-o-et-hil-am'in). An amin, 
SH(CH2)2NH2, formed from cystein by the loss 
of CO2. 
thioform (thi'o-form). Basic bismuth dithiosali- 
cylate, OH.C6H3S.CO.OBiO + Bi2O3 + 2H2O; a 
yellow-gray powder; antiseptic: used chiefly in 
dentistry and veterinary practice, and as an 
external disinfectant. 
thiogenic (thi-o-jen'ik) [Gr. Belov sulphur -f- yevvav 
to produce]. Able to convert hydrogen sulphid 
into higher sulphur compounds. 
thiogenol (thi-o-je'nol). The sodium sulphonate 
of a synthetic sulpho-oil combined with sulphur: 
an antiseptic for external use. 
thiol (thi'ol). Basic bismuth dithiosalicylate (see 
thioform), a blackish-brown powder formed by the 
action of sulphur on coal-tar oil, and soluble in 
water and alcohol. It is used internally and ex- 
ternally in various skin diseases. Dose, 2-10 gr. 
(0.13-0.6 gm.), liquid t., thiol in a thick solu- 
tion: used like ichthyol. 
thiolin (thi'o-lin). A dark-green substance pre- 
pared by boiling 1 part of sulphur in 6 parts of 
linseed oil, and treating the product with sulphuric 
acid. It is used like ichthyol in skin diseases. 
Called also thiolinic acid. t.-sodium. See 
sodium thiolinate. 
thiolip (thi'o-lip) [Gr. 0elov sulphur + XIttos fat]. 
A proprietary salve of sulphur and lanolin for 
cutaneous affections. 
thionin (thi'o-nin). A dark-green dye or stain, 
aminophenthiazin, _NH2.C6H3(NS).C6H3.NH, giv- 
ing a purple color in solution, and used as a stain 
in microscopy, t. hydrochlorate, a purple 
stain. Called also Lauth's violet. 
thionyl (thi'o-nil). The radicle SO. 
thiophen, thiophene (thi'o-fen). A colorless, 
oily benzene derivative, (CHhS, which is miscible 
with water, t. diiodid, a crystalline antiseptic 
powder, C4H2I2S: used as a wound disinfectant, 
t. iodid. See iodothiophen. t.-sodium sul- 
phonate, a white powder, C4H3S.NaSO3: useful 
in prurigo, t. tetrabromid, a yellow powder: 
used like iodoform as a dusting-powder. 
thiophil, thiophilic (thi'o-fil, thi-o-fil'ik) [Gr. 
Oeiov sulphur + ^cXelv to love]. Growing suc- 
cessfully in the presence of sulphur or sulphur 
compounds. 
thiopinol (thi-o-pi'nol). A solution of sulphur in 
alcohol, glycerin, and oil of pine: used for sulphur 
baths in rheumatic, neuralgic, and cutaneous 
affections. 
thiopyrin (thi-o-pi'rin). Antipyrin in which the 
oxygen is replaced by sulphur. 
thioresorcinol (thi"o-re-sor'sin-ol) [Gr. Belov sul- 
phur + resorcinol]. Phenyl bisulphydrate, C6H4- 
(SH)2: a yellow-gray powder: used like iodoform in 
powder or ointment. 
thiosapol (thi-o-sa'pol) [Gr. 0eiov sulphur -f- L. 
sa'po soap]. A proprietary therapeutic soap con- 
taining sulphur. 
thiosavonal (thi-o-sav'o-nal). Any one of a 
series of proprietary therapeutic sulphur soaps. 
thiosebate (thi-o-se'bat). Any salt of thiosebic 
acid. Potassium thiosebate occurs in the thio- 
savonals. 
thiosinamin (thi-o-sin'am-in). A bitter, crystal- 
line substance, (NH2)CS.NHCH2CH:CH2, or allyl 
thio-urea, from oil of mustard and ammonia. 
It is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether, and is 
used as a resolvent for scar structures, etc., 
and in lupus and tuberculosis. Dose, 5-11 gr. THIOSULPHATE 
1152 
THORACOSCOPE 
(0.033-0.1 gm.); hypodermic dose, 4^-7 gr. (0.3- 
0.45 gm.). 
thiosulphate (thi-o-sul'fat). Any salt of thiosul- 
phuric acid. 
thiosulphuric acid (thi"o-sul-fu'rik). See acid. 
Thiothrix (thi'o-thriks) [Gr. Sclav sulphur + Spl^ 
hair]. A genus of encapsulated, non-motile 
threads with sulphur-bearing cells. 
thiO'-urea (thi-o-u're-ah). Sulphocarbamid, CS- 
(NH2)3, being urea in which the oxygen is replaced 
by sulphur. 
thioxydiphenylamin (thi-oks-e-di-fen-il-am'in). 
A yellow powder used locally as a substitute for 
iodoform and internally in cystitis. Dose, 2-4 gr. 
(0.13-0.25 gm.). 
thiozin (thi'o-zin). See thilaven. 
thiozon (thi'o-zon). A linalyl-sulphur compound 
used in baths for scabies. 
third nerve (third). The oculomotor nerve. See 
nerves, table of. 
thirinol (thir'in-ol). A resinol derivable from the 
gum resin opopanax. 
thirst (therst). A craving for water or other drink. 
See dipsosis and polydipsia, t.-cure. See 
Schroth's treatment, under treatment. 
Thiry's fistula (thi'rez) [Jean Hubert Thiry, Bel- 
gian physician, 1817-1897]. See fistula. 
thiselo (this'el-o). Pcpular name for fistula. 
thiuret (thi'u-ret). A crystalline powder, CgH7 
N3S2: its salts are antiseptic. The hydrobromid, 
hydrochlorid, phenolsalicylate, salicylate, and phe- 
nolsulphonate of thiuret are employed therapeutic- 
ally. 
thlipsencephalus (thlip-sen-sef'al-us) [Gr. SXlfis 
pressure + cy KCtpaXos brain]. A monster with a 
deficient skull, or with the upper part of the skull 
lacking. 
thlyptol (thlip'tol). A proprietary liquid antiseptic 
and deodorant combination of oil of thyme, eucal- 
yptus, etc., with benzoboric acid. 
thoka-losi (tho-kah-lo'se). Incision of the mem- 
branous portion of the urethra, practised by natives 
of Australia and the Fiji Islands in the belief that 
it is a cure for fever and rheumatism. 
thoko (tho'ko). A skin disease endemic in Fiji; 
probably yaws. 
Thoma's ampulla, fluid (to'mahz) [Richard 
Thoma, German histologist, born 1847]. See 
ampulla and fluid. 
Thoma-Zeiss (to'mah-zis) [Richard Thoma, German 
histologist; Carl Zeiss, German optician]. An in- 
strument consisting of a glass receptacle at the bot- 
tom of a slide for a microscope, having the bottom 
divided into minute squares. It is used for count- 
ing the red and white corpuscles of the blood. 
Called also Abbe-Zeiss counting-cell. 
Thomas' splint (tom'as) [Hugh Owen Thomas, 
surgeon in Liverpool, 1834-1891]. See splint. 
Thompson's solution (tom'sonz) [Ashburton 
Thompson, English physician of the nineteenth 
century]. See solution. 
Thompson's test (tom'sonz) [Sir Henry Thompson, 
English surgeon, 1820-1904]. See under tests. 
Thomsen's disease (tom'senz) [Asmus Julius 
Thomsen, Danish physician, born 1815]. See dis- 
ease. 
Thomson's fascia (tom'sonz) [Allen Thomson, 
Scotch anatomist, 1809-1884]. See fascia. 
thomsonianism (tom-so'ne-an-izm). An empiric 
system of medical practice, chiefly botanic, founded 
by Samuel Thomson, 1769-1843. 
thoracal (tho'rak-al). Same as thoracic. 
thoracalgia (tho-rak-al'je-ah) [Gr. Supai; chest + 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the chest-wall. 
thoracaorta (tho-rak-a-or'tah). The thoracic 
aorta. 
thoracectomy (tho-rah-sek'to-me) [Gr. Supa^ chest 
+ *kto pi] excision]. Thoracotomy with resection 
of a portion of a rib. 
thoracentesis (tho"rah-sen-te'sis) [Gr. Supai; chest 
4- Kevrqacs puncture]. Surgical puncture or tap- 
ping of the chest-wall. Called also paracentesis 
thoracis and pleuracentesis. 
thoracic (thor-as'ik) [L. thoradicus; Gr. SupaK- 
ikos]. Pertaining to the chest, t. duct. See 
duct 
thoracico-abdominal (tho-ras"ik-o-ab-dom'in- 
al). Pertaining to the thorax and abdomen. 
thoracico-acromialis (tho-ras"ik-o-ak-ro-me-a'- 
lis). Same as acromiothoracic artery. See arteries, 
table of. 
thoracicohumeral (tho-ras"ik-o-hu'mer-al). Per- 
taining to the thorax and the humerus. 
thoracispinal (tho"ras-is-pi'nal). Pertaining to 
the thoracic segment of the spinal column. 
thoracobronchotomy (tho"rak-o-bron-kot'o-me). 
Incision into the bronchus through the thoracic 
wall. 
thoracoceloschisis (tho-ra-ko-se-los'kis-is) [Gr. 
Supa£ chest + KoiXla belly + ax"™ fissure]. Fis- 
sure of the thorax and abdomen. 
thoracocentesis (tho"rak-o-sen-te'sis). Same as 
thoracentesis. 
thoracocyllosis (tho"rak-o-sil-o'sis) [Gr. 0d>pa$ 
chest + xuXXwais crippling]. Deformity of the 
chest. 
thoracocyrtosis (tho"rak-o-sir-to'sis) [Gr. Supa% 
chest + Kvpruvts curvature]. Abnormal curvature 
of the thorax, or unusual prominence of the chest. 
thoracodelphus (tho"rak-o-del'fus) [Gr. Supa^ 
chest + a3eX<po$ brother]. A double monster with 
one head, two arms, and four legs, the bodies being 
joined above the navel. 
thoracodidymus (tho"rak-o-did'im-us) [Gr. Supa^ 
chest + blbvpos twin], A double monster united 
at the thorax. 
thoracodynia (tho"rak-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. Supa^ 
chest + bbvvq pain]. Pain in the chest. 
thoracogastrodidymus (tho"rak-o-gas-tro-did'- 
im-us) [Gr. Supai- chest + yaarqp belly + blbvpos 
twin]. A twin monstrosity with the bodies joined 
at the bellies and chests. 
thoracogastroschisis (tho"rak-o-gas-tros'kis-is) 
[Gr. Supai; chest + yaar-qp belly + axiais cleft]. 
Fissure of the thorax and abdomen. 
thoracograph (tho-rak'o-graf) [Gr. Supa^ chest 
+ ypatpecv to write]. An apparatus for obtaining 
diagrams showing the movements of the chest dur- 
ing respiration. 
thoracolumbar (tho-rak-o-lum'bar). Pertaining 
to the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spine. 
thoracomelus (tho-rak-om'el-us) [Gr. Supa^ chest 
+ jueXos limb]. A monster-fetus with an arm or 
leg of a twin fetus attached to the thorax. 
thoracometer (tho-rak-om'et-er) [Gr. chest 
+ perpov measure]. Same as stethometer. 
thoracometry (tho-rak-om'et-re). Measurement 
of the thorax. 
thoracomyodynia (tho"rak-o-mi-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. 
Supa^ chest + pvs muscle + bbvvq pain]. Pain in 
the muscles of the chest. 
thoracopagus (tho-rak-op'ag-us) [Gr. Supa^ chest 
+ irayos fixed], A twin monster fused at the 
thorax. 
thoracoplasty (tho-ra'ko-plas-te) [Gr. Supa^ chest 
+ irXaaaeLv to mold]. Plastic surgery of the 
thorax; operative repair of defects of the chest. 
thoracopneumoplasty (tho"rak-o-nu'mo-plas-te) 
[Gr. Supai; chest + Trvevpuv lung -f- irXaaaeiv to 
form]. Plastic surgical operation involving the 
chest and lung. 
thoracoschisis (tho-rak-os'kis-is) [Gr. Supai; chest 
+ ax"™* fissure]. Congenital fissure of the chest. 
thoracoscope (tho-rak'o-skop) [Gr. Supai; chest -f- 
aKOTreiv to inspect], i. An instrument for ex- THORACOSCOPY 
1153 
amining the pleural cavity. It is pushed into the 
cavity through an intercostal space. 2. A stetho- 
scope. 
thoracoscopy (tho-rak-os'ko-pe) [Gr. 0wpa^ chest 
+ aKOTreiv to inspect]. The diagnostic examina- 
tion of the chest; specifically, the direct examina- 
tion of the pleural cavity by means of the endo- 
scope; pleural endoscopy. 
thoracostenosis (tho"rak-o-ste-no'sis) [Gr. Oupa^ 
chest + <jtcv<x><tls contraction]. Abnormal con- 
traction of the chest-wall; wasp waist. 
thoracostomy (tho-rak-os'to-me) [Gr. 0wpa% chest 
+ aropa opening]. The operation of resecting 
the chest-wall in order to allow room for an en- 
larged heart. 
thoracotomy (tho-rak-ot'o-me) [Gr. Oupa^ chest + 
repvecv to cut]. Surgical incision of the wall of 
the chest. 
thoradelphus (tho-rah-del'fus). Same as thoraco- 
delphus. 
thoradin (thor'ad-in). Same as thoremedin. 
thorax (tho'raks) [Gr. 0upaQ. The chest; the 
part of the body between the neck and the ab- 
domen. The surface of the thorax is divided 
into regions as follows: supraclavicular, above 
the clavicles; suprasternal, above the sternum; 
clavicular, over the clavicles; sternal, over the 
sternum; mammary, the space between the third 
and sixth ribs on either side; inframammary, 
below the mamma and above the lower border of 
the twelfth rib on either side; on the back: scapular, 
over the scapulae; interscapular, between the scap- 
ulae; infrascapular, below the scapulae; on the sides: 
axillary, above the sixth rib; infra-axillary, below 
the sixth rib. Amazon t., a chest with only 
one breast, barrel-shaped t., barrel-chest: a 
malformed chest which is rounded like a barrel; 
seen in pulmonary emphysema, fusiform t., 
a chest deformed by tight lacing, t. paralyt'- 
icus, the long flat thorax of patients with consti- 
tutional visceroptosis. Peyrot's t., a chest that 
is obliquely oval: seen in large pleural effusions. 
Thorel's bundle (to'relz) [Ch. Thorel, German 
physician]. See under bundle. 
thoremedin (tho-rem'ed-in). A proprietary prep- 
aration of thorium: used for the radio-active 
treatment of skin disease, such as epithelioma, 
lupus, etc. 
thoriagram (tho're-ag-ram) [thorium + Gr. 
y pappa. mark]. A photograph made with thorium. 
thorium (tho're-um) [Thor, a Norse deity]. A 
rare, heavy gray metal, having radioactive proper- 
ties; atomic weight, 232.15; symbol, Th. Thorium 
is the parent of a series of radio-active products, 
including mesothorium, radiothorium, and tho- 
rium emanation. See the table of radio-active ele- 
ments, p. 928. Some of its salts have been employed 
as medicines. Emanations from this substance have 
antiseptic and antifermentative properties. Tho- 
rium nitrate, Th(NOs)4.4H2O, has been used in 
solution in pyelography 
Thormahlen's test (to/ma-lenz) [Johann Thor- 
mdhlen, German physician]. See under tests. 
thorn-apple (thorn'ap-1). Same as stramonium. 
Thornton's sign (thorn'tonz) [Knowsley Thorn- 
ton, British physician, born 1845]. See under sign. 
thornwaldtitis Torn-wald-ti'tis). Same as Thorn- 
waldt's disease. See disease. 
Thornwaldt's disease (torn'valdtz) [Gustavus 
Ludovicus Thornwaldt, German physician, born 
1843]. See disease. 
thorough-joint (thur'o-joint). A diarthrosis, or 
arthrodia. 
thorough-pin (thur'o-pin). A distention of the 
synovial sheath of the flexor perforans tendon 
of the horse at the hock-joint; also a similar dis- 
tention on the carpal joint of the foreleg. 
thorough wort (thur'o-wort). See under Eupa- 
torium. 
thorter-ill (thor'ter-il). A disease of sheep, causing 
them to jump up in walking, and due to the pres- 
ence of coenurus cerebralis in the spinal cord. 
Called also leaping ill and louping ill. 
thought-reading (thawt). Perception of the 
thoughts and feelings of a person's mind by means 
of involuntary muscular movements. 
thought-transfer. Transfer of thought from one 
person to another without speech or other com- 
munication. 
thoxos (thoks'os). A proprietary rheumatism 
remedy containing strontium, lithium, and colchi- 
cum. 
thread, celluloid. Sterilized linen thread impreg- 
nated with celluloid solution, used for ligatures 
and sutures. Simonart's t., a band formed by 
the stretching of adhesions between the amnion 
and fetus when the amniotic cavity is distended 
with its proper fluid. 
thread-fungi (thred). A general term for the 
fungi of pityriasis, favus, herpes tonsurans, etc. 
thread-galvanometer. See galvanometer. 
thread-granules. See mitochondria. 
thread-reaction (thred). Mandelbaum's reac- 
tion. 
thread-worm (thred'wurm). Same as Oxyuris. 
three-day fever (thre'da). Dengue. 
three friends (thre frendz). A liquor or cordial 
prepared in Italy from eucalyptus wood. It is 
antiseptic, stomachic, restorative, and antiperiodic. 
three-glass test. See under tests. 
thremmatology (threm-at-ol'o-je) [Gr. 0peppa 
nursling -T X6>os discourse]. The science of the 
laws of heredity and variation. 
threpsis (threp'sis) [Gr.]. Nutrition. 
threpsology (threp-sol'o-je) [Gr. Opepts nutrition 
+ Xbyos discourse]. The sum of what is known 
concerning nutrition; the science of nutrition. 
threshold (thresh'bld). That degree of stimulus 
that just produces a sensation; a stimulus that 
is just appreciable or just comes within the limits 
of perception. Called also Schwelle. absolute 
t., the lowest possible limit of perceptibility of any 
sensation. Called also stimulus t. achromatic 
t., the least intensity of the spectrum that produces 
a sensation of color. Reduction of intensity below 
this point produces a sensation of brightness only, 
without any color distinction, auditory t., the 
mini'mum audib'ile, or slightest perceptible sound, 
t. of consciousness, the mini'mum sensib'ile, or 
lowest limit of sensibility, differential t., the 
lowest limit of discriminative sensibility; the ratio 
which the difference of two stimuli must bear to 
half their sum in order that their difference may be 
just perceptible, double-point t., the smallest 
distance apart at which two stimuli of touch are 
felt as distinct, neuron t., that degree of ex- 
citation of a neuron which just suffices to call forth 
a fruitful excitation (sensation, movement, or the 
like) in a neuron with which it is in contact, 
relational t., the ratio which two stimuli must 
have to each other in order that the difference 
between them may be just perceptible, stimu- 
lus t. See absolute t. t. of visual sensation, 
the mini'mum vis'ible, or slightest possible vision 
of any object. 
thridacium (thri-da'she-um) [Gr. 0pl8a^ lettuce]. 
Same as lactucarium. 
thrill (thril). A tremor or vibration felt on apply- 
ing the hand or finger-tips to the body; fremitus, 
aneurysmal t., the vibratory sensation felt on the 
palpation of an aneurysm, aortic t., a thrill per- 
ceptible over the aortic orifice in disease of its valves, 
hydatid t., a vibration felt on percussing over a 
hydatid cyst, presystolic t., a thrill occasionally 
felt just before the systole by the hand placed 
over the apex of the heart, purring t., a thrill 
of a quality suggesting the purring of a cat. 
throat (throt). 1. The pharynx. 2. The fauces. 
3. The anterior part of the neck. t.-cough, a 
THROAT THROB 
1154 
THROMBUS 
cough that is produced by irritation of the throat, 
t.-deafness. See deafness, sore-t. See sore- 
throat. 
throb (throb). A pulsating movement or sensation, 
throbbing (throb'ing). Beating; attended with a 
beating sensation 
throe (thro). A severe pain or paroxysm. 
thromballosis (throm-bal-o'sis). The condition 
of the venous blood produced by coagulation. 
thrombase (throm'bas). See thrombin. 
thrombectomy (throm-bek'to-me) [Gr. Opopfdos 
clot + eKTopi] excision]. The operation of ex- 
cising a venous thrombus. 
thrombin (throm'bin). 1. The hypothetic fibrin 
ferment of the blood; the enzyme, present in 
clotted but not in circulating blood, which con- 
verts fibrinogen into fibrin. Called also thrombase. 
2. Same as fibrinogen. 
thrombo-angiitis (throm"bo-an-je-i'tis) [Gr. 
Opbp^os clot + angiitis]. Inflammation of the 
intima of a blood-vessel with clot formation, t. 
obliter'ans, Buerger's term for a form of gan- 
grene attributed to a thrombo-angiitis occurring 
generally in the larger arteries and veins of the leg, 
although it may appear in the upper extremity. 
Called also presenile spontaneous gangrene. 
thrombo-arteritis (throm"bo-ar-ter-i'tis). Throm- 
bosis conjoined with arteritis, or inflammation 
of an artery, t. purulen'ta, purulent softening 
of an arterial thrombosis, with infiltration of the 
artery-walls. 
thrombocinase (throm-bo-ki'nas). Thromboki- 
nase. 
thrombocyst, thrombocystis (throm'bo-sist, 
throm-bo-sis'tis) [Gr. Opbp^os clot + kootls cyst]. 
The sac which forms around a clot or thrombus. 
thrombocyte (throm'bo-slt) [Gr. Opbp^os clot + 
kotos cell]. Same as blood-platelet. 
thrombogen (throm'bo-jen) [thrombin + Gr. 
yevvav to produce]. A substance thought to ex- 
ist in the blood, and by the action of a zymoplastic 
substance (.thrombokinase) to be converted into 
thrombin. Called also prothrombin. 
thrombogenic (throm-bo-jen'ik) [Gr. Opbp (dos clot 
+ yevvav to produce]. Producing a clot, curd, or 
coagulum. 
thromboid (throm'boid) [Gr. Opop^oeebris]. Like 
or resembling a thrombus. 
thrombokinase (throm-bo-ki'nas). The zymo- 
plastic substance which acts on thrombogen to 
produce thrombin. 
thrombokinesis (throm"bo-kin-e'sis) [Gr. Opbp0os 
clot + kIvtiols motion]. The formation of a blood- 
clot; clotting of blood. 
thrombolymphangitis (throm"bo-lim-fan-ji'tis) 
[thrombus 4- lymphangitis}. Inflammation of 
a lymph-vessel due to a thrombus. 
thrombopenia (throm-bo-pe'ne-ah) [thrombocyte + 
Gr. irevia poverty]. Decrease in the number of 
blood-platelets. 
thrombopeny (throm'bo-pe-ne). Thrombopenia, 
thrombophilia (throm-bo-fil'e-ah) [thrombosis + 
Gr. <pi\eiv to love]. A tendency to the occurrence 
of thrombosis. 
thrombophlebitis (throm"bo-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. Opbp- 
(dos clot + <p\&p vein + -ins inflammation]. 
Thrombosis conjoined with inflammation of a vein 
or of veins, t. purulen'ta, purulent softening of 
a venous thrombus, with infiltration of the wall 
of the vessel. 
thromboplastic (throm-bo-plas'tik) [Gr. Opbp^os 
clot + TrXacraeii'to form]. Causing or accelerat- 
ing clot formation in the blood. 
thromboplastin (throm-bo-plas'tin). A substance 
existing in the tissue which causes clotting of the 
blood. It has been used in solution as a hemostatic, 
thrombosed (throm'bozd). Affected with throm- 
bosis. 
thrombosin (throm-bo'sin). A principle derived 
from fibrinogen, under the influence of the nucleo- 
proteins of broken-down leukocytes, and itself 
convertible into fibrin. 
thrombosinusitis (throm"bo-si-nu-si'tis). Throm- 
bosis of a dural sinus. 
thrombosis (throm-bo'sis) [Gr. Opbp^coais]. The 
formation or development of a thrombus, agonal 
t., lardaceous coagula of intravital blood formed 
in the heart and great vessels before death (Ribbert, 
1916). atrophict. Seemarasmict. cardiac t., 
thrombosis of the heart, coagulation t., that 
produced by coagulation of fibrin in a vessel, com- 
pression t., that which is due to the compression 
of a vein between the heart and the thrombus, 
creeping t., thrombosis gradually involving one 
portion of a vein after another, dilatation 
t., thrombosis due to the slowing of circulation on 
account of dilatation of a vein, embolic t., 
thrombosis following obstruction of a vessel by 
an embolus, infective t., that which is due to 
a bacterial invasion, jumping t., thrombosis 
affecting a vein in a part shortly after its affecting 
one in another part, marantic t., marasmic 
t., thrombosis, chiefly of the longitudinal sinus, oc- 
curring in the wasting diseases of infancy and of old 
age. Called also atrophic t. placental t. 1. 
A normal formation of thrombi in the placenta. 
2. An abnormal extension of the foregoing process 
to the veins of the uterus, plate t., platelet t., 
an abnormal accumulation of blood-plates, forming 
a thrombus, puerperal t., coagulation of blood 
in the veins occurring after childbirth. Rib- 
bert's t. See agonal t. sinus-t., thrombosis 
of a venous sinus, traumatic t., thrombosis 
due to injury to a part, venous t., thrombosis 
of a vein. 
thrombostasis (throm-bos'tas-is) [thrombus -(- 
Stasis of blood in a part, attended with 
the formation of a thrombus. 
thrombotic (throm-bot'ik). Pertaining to or af- 
fected with thrombosis. 
thrombus (throm'bus) [Gr. Opbp^os}. A plug or 
clot in a vessel remaining at the point of its forma- 
tion. Cf. embolus, agglutinative t. Same as 
hyaline t. agonal t., agony t., a clot formed in 
the heart during the process of dying, annular t>, 
one which has an opening through its center, 
while the circumference is attached to the wall 
of the vessel, antemortem t., a white throm- 
bus formed in the heart or in a large vessel be- 
fore death. Cf. postmortem t. ball-t., a 
rounded heart-clot. blood-plate t. See 
plate, platelet thrombosis, under thrombosis, cal- 
cified t., a phlebolith. coral t., a red clot 
formed by coagulated fibrin inclosing red cor- 
puscles. currant-jelly t., a soft, reddish, 
jelly-like clot, ferment t., a thrombus formed 
on account of the development of fibrin-ferment in 
the blood. fibrinous t., a thrombus com- 
posed mainly of fibrin, and attached to the walls 
of a blood-vessel, globulin t., hematoblastic 
t., a thrombus composed largely of globulin, 
hematostatic t., a form due to stagnation of the 
blood, and made up principally of red corpuscles, 
hyaline t., a thrombus composed of erythro- 
cytes which have lost their hemoglobin, form- 
ing a colorless translucent mass. infective 
t., a form occurring as a result of septic or bac- 
terial poisoning. Laennec's t., a globular 
thrombus in the heart, chiefly in cases of fatty de- 
generation. laminated t., mixed t., a throm- 
bus whose substance is disposed in layers which 
sometimes differ in their material, lateral t., a 
clot attached to the side of a vessel, incompletely 
obstructing the blood-current, marantic t., 
marasmic t., a form due to wasting disease 
and deprivation of the blood. See thrombosis, 
marantic, marasmic. mechanic t., a form 
due to mechanic obstruction of the blood-cur- 
rent. milk-t., an accumulation of curdled milk 
in a lactiferous duct, mixed t. See lami- TH ROUGH-DRAINAGE 
1155 
THYMOL 
nated t. mural t., a thrombus attached to a 
diseased area of endocardium, obstructive t., 
one which completely obliterates the lumen of 
the vessel at its site, organized t., one which 
is traversed by , loops from the vasa vasorum. 
pale t., a dull-white thrombus, parasitic t., 
an accumulation of the pigmented bodies of free 
malarial parasites and their spores in the capil- 
laries of the brain, parietal t., one which is 
so attached to the wall of a vessel as to form 
a kind of valve. Called also valvular t. pha- 
gocytic t., an accumulation of melaniferous leu- 
kocytes in the capillaries of the brain, pig- 
mentary t., an accumulation of free pigment in 
the capillaries of the brain, plate-t., a throm- 
bus composed of blood-plates, postmortem t., 
a thrombus or clot of blood formed in the heart 
or in a large vessel after death, primary t., one 
which remains at the place of its origin, propa- 
gated t., one which has been carried to a point 
more or less remote from the place of its origin, 
or which has grown beyond its original limits, 
red t., a thrombus of a dark-red color formed 
by the coagulation of blood which is at rest 
Stratified t., one made up of layers of different 
colors, traumatic t., one which results from 
an injury, valvular t. See parietal t. white t. 
1. One which contains no pigment. 2. One com- 
posed chiefly of leukocytes. 
through-drainage (thru). See drainage. 
through-illumination. See transillumination. 
throwing-back. Atavism. 
thrush (thrush). 1. Mycotic stomatitis; a dis- 
ease of infants attended with the formation of 
aphthae, or whitish spots in the mouth. It is due 
to the presence of a fungus, Oid'ium al'bicans. 
The aphthae are followed by shallow ulcers. The 
disease is often attended with fever and gastro-in- 
testinal irritation. The mouth is to be treated with 
borax and honey, and the spots may be touched 
with silver nitrate. Mild aperients, followed by a 
general tonic and sustaining treatment, are often 
useful. 2. A disease of the horse's foot attended 
with a fetid discharge. 
thrust-culture (thrust). Same as stab-culture. 
thrypsis (thrip'sis) [Gr. 6pu^is]. A comminuted 
fracture. 
Thudichum's test (too'de-koomz) [Johann Lud- 
wig Thudichum, German physician of the 19th 
century]. See under tests. 
Thuja (thu'jah) [L.; Gr. 0vla]. 1. A genus of 
coniferous trees called ar'bor-vi'tce. 2. The fresh 
tops of T. occidenta'lis: diuretic, antipyretic, 
sudorific, and emmenagogue. Dose of volatile oil, 
5-10 min. (0.33-0.66 c.c.). 
thujone (thu'jon). A volatile oil, Ci0Hi6O, obtain- 
able from the oil of thuja: stimulant and anti- 
pyretic. 
thulium (thu'le-um) [Thule, ancient name of 
Shetland], A very rare metallic element; sym- 
bol, Tu; atomic weight, 168.5. 
thumb (thum) [L. pol'lex, pol'lux]. The most 
external or more nearly radial of the five digits 
of the hand. t.-center. See under center. 
t.-lancet, a lancet with a broad-pointed ex- 
tremity, having double cutting-edges, t.-sucker, 
a child who habitually sucks the thumb; de- 
formity of the jaws and teeth may result from 
the habit. 
thumps (thumps). 1. A disease of swine, said to 
be due to heat and to bad ventilation. 2. A kind 
of singultus, or hiccup, of horses, due to spasm 
of the diaphragm. 
thunder-humor (thun-der-hu'mor). A popular 
name for an obstinate skin disease: said to be 
due to lightning-stroke. 
thus (thus) [L. gen. thu'ris]. Olibanum or frank- 
incense. American t., the turpentine of various 
American pine trees. See olibanum. 
Thuya (thu'yah). See Thuja. 
thycalol (thi'kal-ol). A proprietary antiseptic 
preparation for dentists' use. 
thylacitis (thi-las-i'tis) [Gr. OvXa^ pouch + -iris 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the oil-glands 
of the skin. 
thymacetin (thi-mas-e'tin) [Gr. Ovpov thyme + 
L. ace'turn vinegar]. A white, crystalline thymol 
derivative, C6H2(CH3)(C3H7)(OC2H5)NH(C2H3O). 
Slightly soluble in water, freely so in alcohol, 
and used as an antineuralgic, like phenacetin. 
Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.333 gm.). 
thyme (tim) [L. thy'mus; Gr. 6vpos\. A plant of the 
genus Thy'mus. The Thy'mus vulga'ris, or garden 
thyme, contains a volatile oil, which is aromatic 
and carminative. It also contains thymol, thy- 
mene, and cumene. Dose of oil, 1-5 min. (0.066- 
0-333 c.c.); of fluidextract, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). 
t.-camphor. See thymol, wild t., Thy'mus 
serpyl'lum, which contains a volatile oil similar 
to that of Thy'mus vulga'ris. 
thymectomize (thi-mek'to-miz) [see thymectomy]. 
To remove the thymus gland from. . 
thymectomy (thi-mek'to-me) [Gr. Oopas thymus + 
eKTop/i) excision]. Removal of the thymus. 
thymegol (thi-me'gol). A parasulphonic deriva- 
tive of thymol, mercury, and potassium. It is a 
red-brown powder: antiseptic and emetic. 
thymelcosis (thi-mel-ko'sis) [Gr. dupos thymus + 
eXxwcris ulceration]. Ulceration of the thymus. 
thymene (thi'men). A clear, oily hydrocarbon, 
C10H16, from the oil of thyme. 
thymenthol (thi-men'thol). A proprietary anti- 
septic preparation. 
thymhydroquinone (thim-hi"dro-kwin-6n/). A 
substance obtainable from the urine after the 
administration of thymol. 
thymian (thim'e-an, tim'e-an). German for thyme. 
thymic (thi'mik) [L. thym'icus]. 1. Pertaining to 
the thymus. 2. Contained in or derived from 
thyme, t. acid. See acid. 
thymicolymphatic (thi"mik-o-lim-fat'ik). Per- 
taining to the thymus and the lymphatic glands. 
thymidol (thi'mid-ol). Methylpropylphenol men- 
thol used in mouth-washes and in filling dental 
cavities. 
thymin (thi'min) [Gr. Ovpos thymus]. A pyrimidin 
base,, methyl uracil, CsH6N2O„ obtained from 
nucleinic acid. 
thymiodid (thi-mi'o-did). A proprietary surgical 
dressing. 
thymion (thim'e-on) [Gr. Ovptov]. A cutaneous 
wart. 
thymiosis (thim-e-o'sis) [Gr. Ovpcov wart]. Yaws, 
thymitis (thi-mi'tis). Inflammation of the thymus, 
thymochrom (thi'mo-krom). Same as phymo- 
chrom. 
thymocyte (thi'mo-sit) [thymus gland + Gr. kvtos 
cell]. A lymphocyte derived from the thymus 
gland. 
thymoform (thi'mo-form). A yellowish, antiseptic 
powder, thymoloform, CHsICgHsfCHMC'sHylOh, 
prepared from formaldehyd and thymol. It is 
soluble in ether, alcohol, chloroform, and olive oil, 
but insoluble in water and glycerin. It is used 
like aristol and iodoform. 
thymohydroquinone (thi"mo-hi-dro-kwin-6n'). 
A compound occurring in the urine after the ad- 
ministration of thymol. 
thymokesis (thi-mo-ke'sis). Enlargement of the 
remnant of the thymus gland that is found in the 
adult. 
thymol (thi'mol). Thyme-camphor, methyliso- 
propyl phenol, CH3(CH2)2C6H3(CH3)OH, a crys- 
talline phenol from oil of thyme and from the oils 
of various other labiate plants. It is an important 
antiseptic and antirheumatic, and is used both in- 
ternally and externally. It is applied exter- nally in ulcers, stomatitis, and leukorrhea; in- 
ternally it is used as an anthelmintic and an 
intestinal antiseptic; it is sometimes employed in 
1 : 1000 solution as an antiseptic in operations. 
Dose, |-2 gr. (0.033-0.133 gm.), t. blue. See 
under blue. t.-camphor, a compound of thymol 
and camphor: used in pruritus and in ichthyosis, 
t. carbonate, thymotal. t.-gauze, gauze im- 
pregnated with a 1 per cent, solution of thymol, 
t.-inhalation, a mixture of 20 gr. of thymol, 3 
fl.dr. of alcohol, 10 gr. of magnesium carbonate, and 
enough water to make 3 fl.oz. Of this, one tea- 
spoonful is used in a pint of water, t. iodid. 
Saaris lol. t. phthalein. See thymol-phthalein. 
t. salicylate. See salithymol. t, solution, a 
1:1000 solution of thymol: used for spraying, t. 
urethan, a colorless, crystalline compound of thy- 
mol and thymol carbonic ester: used as an anthel- 
mintic. 
thymolize (thi'mo-liz). To treat with thymol. 
thymoloform (thi-mo'lo-form). A yellowish pow- 
der, a product of formaldehyd and thymol: used 
like iodoform. 
thymol-phthalein (thi-mol-thal'e-in). An indi- 
cator, C6H4.CO.O.C(C6H2.CH3.C3H7.OH)2, with a 
Ph range of 9.3 to 10.5, being colorless at 9.3 and 
blue at 10.5. 
thymolysin (thi-mol'is-in). An antibody that 
damages or kills thymus cells. 
thymolysis (thi-mol'is-is) [thymus 4- Gr. Xuais 
dissolution]. Destruction of thymus tissue. 
thymolytic (thi-mo-lit'ik). Having a destructive 
effect on thymus tissue. 
thymoma (thi-mo'mah) [thymus 4- Gr. -opa tumor], 
A tumor of the thymus. 
thymopathy (thi-mop'ath-e). 1. [Gr. Qvpbs mind 
4- TTaOos suffering.] Any mental affection or dis- 
ease. 2. [Gr. Ovpos thymus 4- iraOos suffering.] 
Any disease of the thymus. 
thymoprivic (thi-mo-priv'ik). Thymoprivous. 
thymoprivous (thi-mop'riv-us) [thymus 4- L. 
pri'vus without]. Pertaining to or caused by 
removal of, or atrophy of, the thymus. 
thymopsyche (thi-mo-si'ke) [Gr. Qvpos mind 4- 
f/uxT) soul]. Affective processes. 
thymotal (thi'mo-tal). Thymol carbonate, NH2.- 
CO.O.CioHi3, a white, crystalline powder with the 
odor of thymol; anthelmintic and used for anky- 
lostomiasis. Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
thymotol (thi'mo-tol). Aristol. 
thymotoxic (thi-mo-tok'sik). Toxic for thymus 
tissue. 
thymotoxin (thi-mo-tok'sin). Thymolysin. 
thymotrope (thi'mo-trop). A person who exhibits 
thymotropism. 
thymotropic (thi-mo-trop'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by thymotropism. 
thymotropism (thi-mot'ro-pizm) [thymus 4- Gr. 
tpoTri] a turning]. That type of endocrine constitu- 
tion in which the influence of the thymus prevails, 
thymoxol (thi-moks'ol). An antiseptic and deodor- 
ant preparation of thymol and hydrogen dioxid: 
used in otitis media, ozena, etc. 
thymozol (thi'mo-zol). A proprietary antiseptic 
and cicatrizant: used like iodoform. 
thymus (thi'mus) [L.; Gr. M/ws]. i. A two-lobed 
body in the neck and thorax of an infant or of a 
young animal. It is composed of a connective- 
tissue lobe inclosed in a sort of capsule, and con- 
taining endothelial cells inclosing leukocytes and 
corpuscles of Hassall. The thymus appears to be 
a true lymph-gland, and to have a hematopoietic 
function; it begins to waste away about the second 
year, and disappears about the end of the thir- 
teenth year. 2. See thyme. 3. A homeopathic 
preparation of wild thyme. 4. An acrothymion: 
a rugose wart with a round top. accessory t., 
a separated portion of the thymus gland. t. 
THYMOLIZE 
1156 
extract, a preparation of the thymus of animals: 
used therapeutically, internal t., a body in 
either lobe of the thyroid of the cat. persistent 
t., t. persis'tens hyperplas'tica, a thymus 
which persists into adult life, sometimes even 
becoming hypertrophied. 
thymus-death. See thymustod. 
thymusectomy (thi-mus-ek'to-me) [thymus 4* Gr. 
eKTopi) excision]. Excision of the thymus. 
Thymustod (ti-moos-tbd') [Ger.]. Thymus-death; 
a fatal condition due to hypertrophy of the thymus, 
and marked by stridulous breathing, suffocation, 
dyspnea, and rapid death. 
thynnin (thin'in). A protamin from the sperm of 
the tunny fish, Thymnus thynnus. 
thyraden (thi'rad-en) [thyroid + Gr. aSr/v gland]. 
The dried extract of thyroid gland, one part 
of which represents two parts of fresh gland. It 
is a light, brownish, permanent powder, and is 
used in cretinism, myxedema, rickets, obesity, 
psoriasis, etc. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
thyramine (thi-ram'in). A trade name for an 
organic base derived from ergot and used like ergot. 
thyrasthenia (thi-ras-the'ne-ah) [thyroid 4- Gr. 
aadeveia weakness]. Neurasthenia due to deficient 
thyroid secretion. 
thyrein (thi're-in). Same as iodothyrin. 
thyreiodin (thi-re-i'o-din). Same as iodothyrin. 
thyremphraxis (thi-rem-fraks'is) [Gr. Ovpeos shield 
4- stoppage]. Obstruction of the thyroid 
gland. 
thyreo-. For words beginning thus, see those 
beginning thyro-. 
thyreoitis (thi-re-o-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
thyroid gland. 
thyreosis (thi-re-o'sis). See thyrosis. 
thyresol (thi're-sol). A colorless liquid, the methyl 
ether of santalol, a proprietary non-irritating 
sandalwood preparation: used internally in gon- 
orrhea. Dose, 8 gr. (0.5 gm.), three times a day. 
thyrin (thi'rin). The active principle of the secre- 
tion of the thyroid gland. 
thyro-adenitis (thi"ro-ad-en-i'tis) [Gr. Ovpeos 
shield + aSr/v gland 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the thyroid gland. 
thyro-antitoxin (thi"ro-an-te-toks'in). 1. An an- 
titoxin developed in thyroid poisoning. 2. A 
thyroid preparation, theoretically C6HnN3O5. 
It is a crystalline compound, and is said to be an 
effective therapeutic agent. 
thyroaplasia (thi"ro-ap-la'ze-ah) [thyroid + a- neg. 
+ pXaais molding]. Defective development of 
the thyroid gland with deficient activity of its 
secretion. 
thyro-arytenoid (thi"ro-ar-it-e'noid). Pertain- 
ing to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. See 
also muscles, table of. 
thyrocele (thi'ro-sel) [Gr. Ovpebs shield 4- ethos 
form + KfXr) tumor], A tumor of the thyroid 
gland; goiter. 
thyrochondrotomy (thi"ro-kon-drot'o-me) [thy- 
roid 4- chondrotomy]. Surgical incision of the 
thyroid cartilage. 
thyrocolloid (thi-ro-kol'oid). The colloid matter of 
the thyroid gland. 
thyrocricotomy (thi"ro-kri-kot'o-me) [Gr. Ovpebs 
shield 4- cricotomy]. Tracheotomy through the 
cricothyroid membrane. 
thyro-epiglottic (thi"ro-ep-ig-lot'ik). Pertaining 
to the thyroid and to the epiglottis. 
thyro-epiglottideus (thi"ro-ep-ig-lot-id'e-us). 
See muscles, table of. 
thyrofissure (thi-ro-fish'ur). The operation of 
making an opening through the thyroid cartilage 
for the purpose of gaining access to the interior of 
the larynx. 
thyrogenic (thi-ro-jen'ik). Thyrogenous. 
THYROGENIC thyrogenous (thi-roj'en-us) [Gr. Ovpeos shield + 
yevvav to produce]. Originating in the thyroid 
gland. 
thyroglandin (thi-ro-glan'din). 1. A preparation 
of the thyroid body: said to.be an efficient thera- 
peutic agent. 2. A therapeutic compound of 
thyroidin hydrochlorate and iodoglandin. Dose, 
3-5 gr. (0.2-0.333 gm.). 
thyroglobulin (thi-ro-glob'u-lin). A globulin; 
the iodin-protein of the thyroid gland: it is thera- 
peutically active. On decomposition with mineral 
acid it yields thyroiodin. 
thyroglossal (thi-ro-glos'al). Pertaining to the 
thyroid gland and the tongue, t. duct, a duct 
of the embryo extending from the thyroid to the 
base of the tongue: it sometimes persists in part 
to adult life. 
thyrohyal (thi-ro-hi'al). 1. Pertaining to the 
thyroid body and the hyoid bone. 2. A greater 
cornu of the hyoid; also the fetal bone which be- 
comes the greater cornu of the hyoid. 
thyrohyoid (thi-ro-hi'oid). Pertaining to the 
thyroid gland or- cartilage and the hyoid bone. 
thyrohyoideus (thi"ro-hi-oid'e-us). See muscles, 
table Oj. 
thyroid (thi'roid) [Gr. 0vpeoei5r)s; Ovpeos shield + 
eibos form]. 1. Resembling a shield; scutiform. 
2. A large reddish, ductless gland in front of and 
on either side of the trachea, and usually consist- 
ing of two lateral lobes and a connecting isthmus. 
The thyroid is inclosed in a covering of areolar 
tissue, and is made up of numerous closed follicles 
surrounded by a vascular network and containing 
colloid matter. It is probably a hematopoietic 
organ, and performs various functions of the highest 
importance in the economy of the body. The 
colloid matter of the thyroid is composed of a 
protein and a non-protein constituent, together 
with phosphorus and iodin, a nucleo-albumin, and 
certain extractive compounds. Sheep thyroids are 
used in the treatment of certain diseases. Called 
also t. body, t. gland. See thyroid therapy, under 
therapy; also thyraden and thyroidin, iodothyrin, etc. 
accessory t., an exclave or detached portion of 
the thyroid occasionally present at the base of the 
tongue: sometimes more than one is present. It 
is quite distinct from the parathyroids, t. body, 
t. gland, the thyroid, t. cartilage. See 
under cartilage, t. extract, one of the thera- 
peutic preparations of the thyroid of animals. 
See thyraden. t. fever, fever resulting from 
absorption of thyroid matters during thyroidec- 
tomy. t. foramen. See foramen, t. graft. 
See graft, t. therapy, t. treatment. See 
therapy. 
thyroidea (thi-roi'de-ah). The thyroid gland, t. 
accesso'ria, t. im'a. See accessory thyroid, 
under thyroid. 
thyroidectin (thi-roi-dek'tin). A substance pre- 
pared from the blood of animals from which the 
thyroid gland has been removed: used in exoph- 
thalmic goiter. It is sold in capsules, each contain- 
ing 5 gr. (0.33 gm.). Dose, 1 or 2 capsules. 
thyroidectomized (thi-roi-dek'to-mizd). Having 
the thyroid gland removed. 
thyroidectomy (thi-roid-ek'to-me) [thyroid + 
Gr. eKTopi) excision]. The surgical removal of 
the thyroid. 
thyroidin (thi-roid'in). 1. Same as thyraden. 2. 
A crystallizable, iodin-free principle obtained from 
the thyroids of sheep, one part of which is said 
to represent six parts of the fresh gland. It is 
used for goiter, cretinism, obesity, lupus, psoriasis, 
etc. Dose, 1 j-3 gr. (o.1-0.2 gm.). 3. The alleged 
essential secretion of the thyroid body. 
thyroidism (thi'roid-izm). 1. Thyroid poisoning; 
the condition resulting from overdoses of thyroid 
extract. 2. Hyperthyroidism. 3. The ill effect of 
the removal of the thyroid; dethyroidism. 
thyroiditis (thi-roid-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
THYROGENOUS 
1157 
thyroid body, ligneous t., fibrosis of the thy- 
roid gland. Called also Riedel's disease, parasitic 
t. See Chagas' disease, under disease. 
thyroidization (thi"roid-iz-a'shun). Treatment 
with a preparation of the thyroid. 
thyroidotomy (thi-roid-ot'o-me) [thyroid + Gr. 
Tep.veu> to cut]. Surgical incision of the thyroid. 
thyro-intoxication (thi"ro-in-tok-sik-a'shun). 
Thyroid poisoning; thyrotoxicosis. 
thyro-iodin (thi-ro-i'o-din). lodothyrin; an amor- 
phous brown powder forming the principal thera- 
peutic extractive of sheep's thyroids. It is said to 
contain 9 per cent, of iodin and 0.5 per cent, of 
phosphorus. It has a stimulant effect upon the 
circulatory and nervous systems, and is used in 
myxedema, rickets, goiter, corpulency, etc., and 
in certain skin diseases. Dose, 4-12 gr. (0.25-0.75 
gm.). 
thyro-iodinin (thi"ro-i-od'in-in). Same as thyro- 
iodin. 
thyrolaryngeal artery (thi"ro-lar-in'je-al). See 
arteries, table of. 
thyrolingual duct (thi-ro-ling'wal). Same as 
thyroglossal duct. 
thyrolysin (thi-rol'is-in). A thyrolytic serum. 
thyrolytic (thi-ro-lit'ik) [thyroid + Gr. Xvacs dis- 
solution], Destruction of thyroid tissue. 
thyron (thi'ron). A proprietary preparation from 
pigs' thyroids; used like other thyroid prepara- 
tions. 
thyroncus (thi-rong'kus) [thyroid + Gr. byKos 
tumor]. Same as goiter. 
thyronucleo-albumin (thi"ro-nu"kle-o-al-bu/- 
min). A nucleo-albumin present in the thyroid 
gland. 
thyro-oxy-indol (thi-ro-ok-se-in'dol). See thy- 
roxin. 
thyroparathyroidectomy (thi"ro-par-ah-thi"- 
roi-dek'to-me) [thyroid + parathyroid + Gr. 
eKTopf] excision]. Excision of the thyroid and para- 
thyroids. 
thyropenia Cthi-ro-pe'ne-ah) [thyroid + Gr. irevia 
poverty]. Defective thyroid action without clinical 
symptoms; latent hypothyrosis. 
thyrophyma (thi-ro-fi'mah) [thyroid + Gr. <pvpa 
tumor]. Tumor of the thyroid gland. 
thyroprival (thi-ro-pri'val) [thyroid + L. pri'vus 
without]. Due to removal of the thyroid, or to 
suppression of its functions; strumiprival. 
thyroprivia (thi-ro-priv'e-ah) [thyroid + L. pri'- 
vus without, deprived of]. The condition after 
the removal of the thyroid body. 
thyroprivic, thyroprivous (thi-ro-priv'ik, thi- 
rop'riv-us). Thyroprival. 
thyroproteid (thi-ro-pro'te-id). A toxic protein 
substance derived from the thyroid and used 
therapeutically. 
thyroprotein (thi-ro-pro'te-in). A toxalbumin 
derivable from the thyroid. It is probably one 
of the functions of the thyroid to produce a ferment 
which neutralizes the toxic effect of an accumula- 
tion of thyroprotein in the body. 
thyroptosis (thi-rop-to'sis) [thyroid + Gr. tctuktls 
fall]. The condition in which a goitrous thyroid 
is displaced so as to be concealed in the thorax. 
thyrosis (thi-ro'sis), pl. thyro'ses. Any disease 
based on disordered thyroid action. 
thyrotherapy (thi-ro-ther'ap-e) [thyroid + therapy]. 
Treatment of disease by preparations of the thyroid 
glands of sheep. 
thyrotome (thi'ro-tbm). An instrument for cutting 
the thyroid cartilage. 
thyrotomy (thi-rot'o-me) [thyroid + Gr. repveiv 
to cut]. The surgical division of the thyroid car- 
tilage. 
thyrotoxic (thi-ro-toks'ik). Marked by toxic 
activity of the thyroid gland. 
THYROTOXIC THYROTOXICOSIS 
1158 
TIGRETIER 
thyrotoxicosis (thi-ro-toks-ik-o'sis). The diseased 
condition produced by poisons that enter the 
system through the thyroid gland, or by excessive 
activity of the thyroid gland; toxic adenoma of the 
thyroid. 
thyrotoxin (thi-ro-toks'in). A cytotoxin specific 
for thyroid tissue. 
thyrotrope (thi'ro-trop). A person with any dis- 
order of the endocrine function of the thyroid. 
thyrotropic (thi-ro-trop'ik). Pertaining to or 
marked by thyrotropism. 
thyrotropism (thi-rot'ro-pizm) [thyroid + Gr. 
Tpo-rri) a turning]. Any disorder of the endocrine 
function of the thyroid; that type of endocrine con- 
stitution in which the influence of the thyroid pre- 
vails. 
thyroxin (thi-rok'sin). A crystalline iodin-contain- 
ing compound, trihydrotriiodoalphaoxybetaindol 
propionic acid, C8H5ONI3.C2H4.COOH, isolated 
by Kendall from the thyroid gland, and possessing 
the physiologic properties of thyroid extract. Used 
in cases of defective thyroid functionating, such as 
simple goiter, cretinism, and myxedema. Dose, 
0.2-2 mg. 
Thysanoso'ma actinioi'des. A tapeworm in- 
festing sheep of the western United States. 
thysanotrix (thi-san'o-triks). See ichthyosis thy- 
sanotrichica. 
Ti. The chemical symbol for titanium. 
tiacarana (te-ah-kar-an'yah). Dermal leishmania- 
sis of the ulcerative type. 
tibia (tib'e-ah) [L.]. The inner and larger bone 
of the leg below the knee. It articulates with 
the knee above and with the astragalus below. 
Lannelongue's t., a syphilitic tibia, saber- 
shaped t., a deformity of the tibia due to gum- 
matous periostitis. 
tibiad (tib'e-ad). Toward the tibial aspect, 
tibiseus (tib-e-e'us). Same as tibialis. 
tibial (tib'e-al) [L. tibia'lis]. Of or pertaining to 
the tibia. 
tibiale (tib-e-a'le). A bone on the tibial side of 
the tarsus of the embryo, partly represented in 
the adult by the astragalus, t. exter'num, t. 
posti'cum, a sesamoid bone found in the tendon 
of the tibialis posterior muscle. 
tibialgia (tib-e-al'je-ah) [tibia + Gr. aXyos pain]. 
Painful shin, with lymphocytosis and eosinophilia, 
probably due to defective nutrition or avitamino- 
sis (von Schrbtter, 1916). 
tibialis (tib-e-a'lis). See muscles, table of. 
tibien (tib'e-en). Pertaining to the tibia alone or 
in itself. 
tibio-accessorius (tib"e-o-ak-ses-o're-us). See 
under muscles, table of. 
tibiocalcanean (tib"e-o-kal-ka'ne-an). Pertain- 
ing to the tibia and the calcaneus. 
tibiofemoral (tib"e-o-fem'or-al). Pertaining to 
the tibia and the femur. 
tibiofibular (tib"e-o-fib'u-lar). Pertaining to the 
tibia and the fibula. 
tibionavicular ftib"e-o-nav-ik'u-lar). Pertaining 
to the tibia and the navicular or scaphoid bone. 
tibioperoneal (tib"e-o-per-o-ne'al). Same as 
tibiofibular. 
tibioscaphoid (tib"e-o-skaf'oid). Tibionavicular, 
tibiotarsal (tib"e-o-tar'sal). Pertaining to the 
tibia and the tarsus. 
tic (tik) [Fr.]. 1. As formerly used, any spasmodic 
movement or twitching, as of the face. 2. As at 
present used, a psychoneurosis marked by quick, 
sudden spasms that are identical with the move- 
ments of volitional intent. Tics occur in persons 
of neurotic tendency, are often hereditary, and 
usually develop in youth. Called also mimic 
spasm, habit-spasm, and maladie des tics, bowing 
t., salaam convulsions, or repeated bowing move- 
ments of the head, convulsive t., spasm of 
those parts of the face supplied by the seventh 
nerve, degenerative t., tic occurring in con- 
nection with degeneration of the central nervous 
system, t. de peusee (deh pah-sa'), the habit of 
involuntarily expressing any thought that happens 
to come to the mind, diaphragmatic t., spas- 
modic twitching movements of the diaphragm. 
Called also respiratory t. t. douloureux (doo- 
loo-ro'), a spasmodic facial neuralgia, facial t., 
spasm of the facial muscles, gesticulatory t., 
that marked by spasmodic movements resembling 
the gestures of an orator or an actor, habit t., 
habit spasm. See spasm, laryngeal t., that 
marked by a noisy expulsion of air through the 
glottis, local t., a tic affecting only a limited 
locality, as the eye. mimic t., facial tic. 
motor t., a tic which is marked only by the 
spasmodic movement without mental disturb- 
ance. It includes facial spasm, blepharospasm, 
respiratory, laryngeal, rotatory, and other varieties 
of tic. t. non-douloureux, myoclonus, pro- 
gressive choreic t., a chronic disease beginning 
in early life, marked by spasms which at first affect 
the neck muscles, but, as the disease advances, 
spread to the rest of the body. The disease ends 
fatally, psychomotor t., a tic that is accom- 
panied with some mental disorder. It includes 
the peculiar habit-spasms of insanity that are 
attended with delusions or insane ideas-the pecu- 
liar conditions known as mental torticollis, latah, 
miryachit, palmus, and Gilles de la Tourette's 
disease, or dancing mania, respiratory t. 
See diaphragmatic t. rotatory t. Same as 
rotatory spasm. See spasm, saltatory t., 
saltatory spasm; a nervous condition marked by 
rhythmic dancing or jumping movements whenever 
the patient stands, spasmodic t., a condition 
marked by spasmodic movements of groups of 
muscles occurring at irregular intervals. 
tick (tik). A group of the Arachnida and order 
Acarina. There are two families, Ixodidae and 
Argasidae. They transmit certain diseases, mi- 
ana t. See Argas. seed t., the young ticks soon 
after hatching, spinous ear t. See Otiobius 
megnini. wood t. See Dermacentor. 
tickle (tik'el). To titillate; to produce in any 
subject the effect called tickling. 
tickling (tik'ling). Light stimulation of a sensitive 
surface, and its reflex effect, such as involun- 
tary laughter, etc. 
Ticorea febrif'uga (ti-ko're-ah). A South Ameri- 
can tree which affords a valuable antiperiodic 
medicine. 
ticpolonga (tik-po-long'ah). A very venomous 
serpent of Ceylon and India, Dabo'ia el'egans. 
Called also co'bra-mon'il. 
tictology (tik-tol'o-je) [Gr. tIktciv to give birth 
+ Xbyos treatise]. Obstetrics. 
ticuna (ti-ku'nah) [name of a tribe of Indians]. 
An arrow-poison of South America. 
t. i. d. An abbreviation for the Latin ter in die, 
" three times a day." 
tidal air (ti-dal). See under respiration, t. 
breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration. See res- 
piration. t. wave. See wave. 
tide, acid (tid). A temporary increase in the 
acidity of the urine which sometimes follows 
fasting, alkaline t., temporary increase of the 
alkalinity of the urine during gastric digestion. 
Tidy's test (ti'dez) [Charles Meymott Tidy, English 
physician, 1843-1892]. See under tests. 
Tiedemann's glands, nerve (te'dem-anz) [Fred- 
erick Tiedemann, German anatomist, 1781-1861]. 
See gland, and nerves, table of. 
tiger-lily appearance. See tabby-cat heart 
under heart. 
tight-nailing. See nail-bound. 
tiglium (tig'le-um) [L. gen. tig'lii]. The croton-oil 
plant, Cro'ton tig'lium. See croton oil, under oil. 
tigretier (te-gret-e-a') [Fr.]. A form of hysteric TIGROID 
1159 
TINEA 
dancing mania peculiar to Tigre, a region in 
Abyssinia. 
tigroid (ti'groid) [Gr. Tcypoecbrjs spotted]. Spotted 
like a tiger. A term applied to Nissl bodies or 
masses of deeply staining substance in the proto- 
plasm of neurons. 
tigrolysis (ti-grol'is-is). The breaking up of the 
tigroid substance of a cell, especially of a nerve-cell. 
tikitiki (te-ke-te'ke). The Japanese name for rice 
polishings. A soup made from them is used as a 
neuritis-preventing diet. 
Tilia (til'e-ah) [L.]. A genus of trees, the lindens 
or basswood. T. europce'a is the linden, or lime, 
whose flowers are stimulant and demulcent, and 
are used in catarrh of the respiratory passages, in 
headache, and in the preparation of sedative 
baths for irritable conditions. 
tiliadin (til-i'ad-in). A neutral body, C2iH32O2, 
from the bark of Til'ia europce'a. 
Tillaux's disease (te-6z') [Paul Jules Tillaux, 
French physician, born 1834]. Mammitis with 
the formation of multiple fibrous tumors in the 
breast. 
Tilletia (til-e'she-ah). A genus of ustilagineous 
fungi causing smut on cereals. T. scarlaiino'sa 
is said to occur in the blood of scarlet-fever patients, 
tilma (til'mah), pl. til'mala [Gr. rlXpa]. A spasm, 
tilmus (til'mus). The pulling out of the hair. 
timbre (tim'ber, tahn'br) [Fr.]. A musical quality 
in a tone or sound, t. metallique, a high- 
pitched amphoric sound having a metallic quality, 
time (tlm) [Gr. xpo^os; L. tem'pus]. A measure 
of duration, association t., the time required 
for the completion of a mental association, bleed- 
ing t., the duration of the bleeding that follows 
puncture of the ear-lobe; employed as a test of 
hemophilia, coagulation t., the time which it 
takes a drop of blood to coagulate, inertia t., the 
time required to overcome the inertia of a muscle 
after the reception of a stimulus from a nerve, 
perception t., the time required for the pro- 
cess of perceiving a stimulus. psychophys- 
ical t., the time occupied by mental opera- 
tions, especially in producing voluntary actions, 
reaction t., the time elapsing between the appli- 
cation of a stimulus and the resulting reaction, 
recognition t. Same as perception t. t.-sense, 
the sense by which the lapse of time is perceived. 
tin (tin) [L. stan'num]. A white, metallic element, 
having an atomic weight of 118, a specific gravity 
of 7.3, a valence of 2 or 4; symbol, Sn. Some of its 
salts are reagents, while others are stains, t. 
chlorid, a compound, SnCl2 + 2H2O, or stannous 
chlorid: used as a test reagent. 
Tinct., tinct. An abbreviation for tincture or 
tinctura. 
tinctable (tink'tab-1). Stainable or tingible. 
tinction (tink'shun) [L. tin'gere to dye]. .1 The 
act of staining. 2. The addition of coloring or 
flavoring agents to a prescription. 
tinctorial (tink-to're-al). Pertaining to dyeing or 
staining. 
tinctura (tink-tu'rah) [L.; gen. and pl. tinctu'rce]. 
Latin for tincture, t. antac'rida, an emmena- 
gogue preparation of corrosive chlorid of mercury, 
guaiac, Canada turpentine, and oil of sassafras. 
tincturation (tink-tu-ra'shun). The preparation 
of a tincture; the treatment of a drug with a 
menstruum, such as alcohol or ether, in such a 
way as to form a tincture. 
tincture (tink'tur) [L. tinctu'ra]. A medicinal 
solution, usually less strong than a fluidextract, 
alcoholic t., one prepared with alcohol, am- 
moniated t., a tincture prepared with am- 
moniated alcohol, antiperiodic t. Same as 
Warburg's t. aqueous t., one prepared with 
water, balsamic t., compound tincture of 
benzoin. Bestucheff's t., the tincture of ferrous 
chlorid. bitter t., a composition of centaury, 
gentian, bitter-orange peel, bitter-orange ber- 
ries, and orange-flowers extracted with alcohol. 
Churchill's t., iodin, 16.5; potassium iodid, 3.3; 
distilled water, 2.5, and alcohol enough to make 100. 
Dewees' t., a preparation of guaiac, 4 ounces; 
sodium carbonate, 90 gr.; allspice, 1 ounce; spirit 
of ammonia, 1 fl.oz.; alcohol, 15 fl.oz. ethereal 
t., a tincture made with ether and alcohol. Flem- 
ing's t., strong tincture of aconite, glycerin- 
ated t., a tincture made with alcohol to which 
glycerin has been added. golden t. Same 
as Bestucheffs t. Greenough's t., an al- 
coholic tooth-wash containing alum, bitter al- 
monds, logwood, orris-root, horse-radish, potas- 
sium oxalate, cochineal, etc. Hatfield's t., a 
tincture of guaiac and soap. Huxham's t., 
tinctura cinchonae composita, hydro-alcoholic 
t., one prepared with very dilute alcohol. Klap- 
roth's t. Same as Bestuchef's /. mother-t., 
a homeopathic tincture from which the standard 
dilutions are prepared. Norwood's t., tincture 
of veratrum viride, stronger than that of the U. S. 
P. Phy sick's t., a tonic preparation made by 
steeping iron filings, gentian, ginger, and orange- 
peel in old cider. Rymer's cardiac t., tincture 
of aloes and rhubarb, containing camphor, capsi- 
cum, cardamom, sulphuric acid, etc. spirituous 
t., an alcoholic tincture, stomachic t. 1. 
Bitter tincture. 2. Compound tincture of carda- 
mom. Turnbull's t., a strong tincture of aco- 
nite. vinous t., a tincture prepared with wine. 
Warburg's t., antiperiodic tincture; tinctura an- 
tiperiodica; a powerful antiperiodic preparation of 
quinin sulphate, aloes, rhubarb, and various aro- 
matic and tonic drugs. Whytt's t., a compound 
tincture of gentian, cinchona, and orange-peel. 
tinea (tin'e-ah) [L. ''moth"]. Ringworm, t. al'ba, 
a form caused by Trichoph'yton macfadi' eni. t. 
albugin'ea, a form due to Trichoph'yton albisci'- 
cans. t. amianta'cea. Same as seborrhea, t. 
asbesti'na, seborrhea, t. axilla'ris, ringworm 
of the axilla, t. bar'bae. See t. sycosis, t. 
cap'itis. See t. tonsurans, t. circina'ta, 
ringworm of the body; a variety forming reddish 
circles on the trunk or limbs. It is due to one or 
other of the trichophyton fungi and is attended 
with more or less itching. Called also t. cor'poris. 
t. cor'poris. See t. circinata. t. cru'ris, ring- 
worm on the inside of the thighs, a parasitic skin 
disease marked by brownish eczematous patches 
on the inside of the thighs, groin, and genitals; it is 
caused by the trichophyton fungus (possibly 
Epidermophyton). Called also eczema marginatum, 
tinea trichophytina cruris, tinea circinata cruris, 
epidermophytosis cruris, trichophytosis cruris, and 
in tropical countries dhobie itch. t. decal'vans. 
Same as alopecia areata, t. favo'sa, favus, or 
crusted ringworm. See favus. t. fico'sa, favus. 
t. furfura'cea, a dry, scaly form of seborrhea, 
t. gal'li, a fungous disease of the combs of cocks. 
Called also whitecomb. t. imbrica'ta, Tokelau 
ringworm; an aggravated form of ringworm caused 
by Endodermophyton cruris, occurring in tropical 
countries, and marked by intense itching and the 
development of concentrically arranged patches, 
t. inguina'lis, tinea cruris, t. intersec'ta, a 
form marked by elevated roundish patches on the 
body or extremities, t. ker'ion, a highly inflam- 
matory and suppurative form infesting mainly 
the beard and scalp. It is marked by boggy 
swelling of the affected parts, which become 
covered with pustules, from which exudes a 
sticky pus. t. nodo'sa, tinea of the head, char- 
acterized by nodular masses around the hairs, 
t. syco'sis, sycosis, or barber's itch; a disease of 
the bearded parts of the face and of the neck, 
caused by one or other of the trichophyton fungi, 
and marked by the formation of reddish, concentric 
patches covered with dry, fragile hairs and yellow 
scales or pustules. Called also t. barbee. t. tar'si, 
ulcerous blepharitis, t. tonsu'rans, ringworm 
of the scalp; a variety caused by Trichoph'yton 
tonsu'rans, and marked by the formation of gray, TINEL'S SIGN 
1160 
TISSUE 
elevated patches covered with yellow scales and 
. with dry, fragile hairs, t. trichophyti'na, 
ringworm; a contagious disease of the skin due to 
one or more of the trichophyton fungi. It occurs in 
various parts of the body, and is distinguished by 
names indicating the locality of the part, as barbee, 
capitis, corporis, cruris, unguium, etc. t. un'- 
guium, a form of ringworm affecting the nails 
and causing them to become opaque and brittle, 
t. ve'ra, favus. t. versic'olor, a contagious 
skin disease caused by Micros' poron fur'fur (Molas- 
se'zia fur'fur). It is marked by dry, yellowish, 
irregular patches on the trunk, covered with 
scales. It is attended with itching. 
Tinel's sign (tin-elz'). See under sign. 
tingibility (tin-jib-il'it-e). The quality of being 
tingible. 
tingible (tin'jib-1) [L. tin'gere to stain]. Suscep- 
tible of being tinged or stained. 
tingling (ting'Iing). A prick-like thrill, caused by 
cold or by striking a nerve, distal t. on per- 
cussion. See Tinel's sign, under sign. 
tinkle (tink'el). Same as tinkling. 
tinkling (tink'ling). An auscultatory sound like 
the ringing of a small bell: sometimes heard over 
large pulmonary cavities and in pneumothorax, 
metallic t., a ringing sound, as of a metallic 
object, sometimes heard in connection with other 
respiratory sounds, metallic t., Bouillaud's, 
a clinking sound sometimes heard on the right 
side of the apex-beat in hypertrophy of the heart. 
tinnitus (tin-i'tus, tin'it-us) [L. " a tinkling "]. A 
ringing or singing sound in the ears. Called also 
I. atirium. clicking t., a clicking sound in the 
ear heard in chronic catarrhal otitis media. Lau- 
det's t., a dry click heard with the otoscope in 
catarrh of the eustachian tube; due to reflex spasm 
of the tensor palati muscle, nervous t., that 
which arises from some disturbance of the optic 
nerve or its central connection, telephone t., 
tinnitus due to the use of the telephone. 
Tinospora (tin-os'po-rah). A genus of menisper- 
maceous vines. The stalk and root of T. cordi- 
fo'lia are used in snake-bite, etc. 
tintometer (tin-tom'et-er) [tint + Gr. pirpov 
measure]. An instrument used in determining 
the proportion of coloring-matter in a liquid, as 
in blood. 
tintometric (tin-to-met'rik). Pertaining to tin- 
tometry. 
tintometry (tin-tom'et-re). The use of the tin- 
tometer. 
tiodin (ti'o-din). Thiosinaminethyliodid, C3H5.- 
NH.CS.NH2.C2H5I, a remedy acting like fibrolysin 
and thiosinamin in lymphatic and metasyphilitic 
diseases. 
tip, Woolner's (tip) [Thomas Woolner, English 
sculptor and poet, 1826-1892]. The helical apex 
of the ear. 
Tipulidae (tip-u'lid-e). The crane flies. 
tiquer (te-ka') [Fr.]. A person subject to a tic. 
tire (tir). Exhaustion due to overexercise. 
tirebal (ter-bahl') [Fr.]. An instrument resembling 
a corkscrew, for extracting bullets. 
tirefond (ter-fo') [Fr.]. An instrument like a 
corkscrew, for raising depressed portions of a bone. 
tires (tirz). Same as trembles. 
tiring (tir'ing). The operation of passing a wire 
around a fractured patella, like a tire around a 
wheel. 
tisane (tiz-ahn') [Fr.]. A medicinal decoction. 
Same as ptisan, t. de champagne, a light 
variety of champagne wine. t. de Feltz, a de- 
coction of sarsaparilla and isinglass medicated 
with antimony sulphid: antisyphilitic. 
tisic (tiz'ik). Same as phthisic. 
tisis (tis'is). Same as phthisis. 
issue (tis'u) [Fr. tis'su], An aggregation of cells, 
fibers, and various cell-products, forming a struc- 
tural element, accidental t., a tissue growing 
in or upon a part to which it is foreign. It is 
either analogous or heterologous, adenoid t., 
connective tissue like that forming the lymphatic 
glands. It consists of a network of fibers, in the 
meshes of which lodge lymphoid cells, adipose 
t., fatty tissue; connective tissue made up of fat- 
cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue, analo- 
gous t., an accidental tissue similar to one found 
normally in other parts of the body, areolar 
t., connective tissue made up largely of inter- 
lacing fibers. See connective t. basement t., 
the substance of a basement membrane, bony t., 
bone, whether normal or of a soft tissue, which has 
become ossified, cancellous t., the loose spongy 
tissue of the interior and articular ends of bone, 
cartilaginous t., the substance of the cartilages, 
cellular t., loose connective tissue with large 
interspaces, like the subperitoneal structure, 
chordal t., the tissue of the notochord, chro- 
maffin t., a tissue composed largely of chromaffin 
cells, well supplied with nerves and vessels. It 
occurs in the adrenal medulla and also forms the 
paraganglia of the body, cicatricial t., the 
dense fibrous tissue forming a scar or cicatrix 
and derived directly from a granulation tissue. 
Called also scar t. compact t., the hard external 
portion of a bone. t. conduction, conduc- 
tion of sound through the tissues of the head 
to the internal ear; bone conduction, connec- 
tive t., the tissue which binds together and is the 
support of the various structures of the body. 
It is made up of fibroblasts, fibroglia, collagen 
fibrils, and elastic fibrils. It is derived from the 
mesoblast, and includes areolar fibers, elastic, 
mucous, adenoid, osseous,, and cartilaginous 
tissues. Ci. fibroblast, cribriform t., areolar tis- 
sue. dartoid t., that which resembles the dartos 
in structure, dental t. Same as dentin. elastic 
t., connective tissue made up of yellow, elastic 
fibers, frequently massed into sheets, t.-element, 
any structure, as a cell or a fiber, which, combined 
with other similar structures, makes up a body 
tissue. Called also anatomic element and mor- 
phologic element, embryonic t., connective 
tissue in its primitive state, as it occurs in the em- 
bryo and in certain conditions in the adult; it is 
seen also in various neoplasms, endothelial t., 
the peculiar connective tissue which lines the serous 
and lymphoid spaces, episcleral t., the loose 
connective tissue over the sclera, between it and the 
conjunctiva, epithelial t., a general name for 
any tissue not derived from the mesoblast, erec- 
tile t., tissue containing large venous spaces 
with which arteries communicate directly, as in 
the penis, etc. ethereal t., one prepared with 
ether, fatty t. Same as adipose t. fibroust., 
the ordinary connective tissue of the body, made 
up largely of yellow or white parallel fibers, 
gelatiginous t., that which yields gelatin on 
boiling with water, gelatinous t., mucous tis- 
sue. glandular t., a specialized form of mucous 
tissue, granulation t., a young vascularized 
connective tissue formed in the process of heal- 
ing of ulcers and wounds and ultimately form- 
ing the cicatrix, heterologous t., one which 
is unlike any. other that is normal to the 
organism, homologous t., one identical with 
another in structural type, hylic t., primitive 
pulp-tissue of the embryo, indifferent t., un- 
differentiated embryonic tissue. interstitial t., 
the connective tissue between the cellular elements 
of a body; the stroma, intertubular t., the 
dense tissue of dentin in which the dentinal tubes 
are embedded, junctional t., the bridge be- 
tween the auricle and ventricle of the heart formed 
by the auriculoventricular node and the auric- 
uloventricular bundle, laminated t., cellular 
tissue, lardaceous t., one charged with larda- 
cein as a result of a degenerative process, lepidic 
t., the lining membrane tissue of the embryo, lep- rous t., an abnormal tissue formed under the in- 
fluence of Bacil'lus le'pra, and peculiar to leprosy 
t.-lymph, lymph derived from the tissues, 
lymphoid t. Same as adenoid t. mesenchy- 
mal t., mucous tissue. t. metamorphosis, 
change in the structure of tissue, either constructive 
or destructive. See metabolism, mucoid t., a 
jelly-like connective tissue, such as occurs in the 
umbilical cord, mucous t., that which repre- 
sents the embryonic connective tissue, muscu- 
lar t., the substance of a muscle, nervous t., 
the substance of which the nerves and nerve- 
centers are composed, nodal t., tissue made up 
of nerve and muscle-fibers, such as that composing 
the sino-auricular node of the heart, osteogenic 
t., the part of the periosteum or perichondrium 
next to the bone; it is concerned in the formation of 
osseous tissue, osteoid t., a tissue of cells with 
large nuclei lying in angular cavities, paren- 
chymatous t. Same as parenchyma, peri- 
dontal t., the tissues surrounding the root of a 
tooth, including the cementum, the pericementum, 
the alveolus, and the gingiva, podophyllous 
t., the tissue on the inner surface of the hoof of 
an animal, primitive pulp t., hylic tissue, 
reticular t., retiform t., adenoid tissue, 
scar t. See cicatricial t. sclerous t's, the car- 
tilaginous, fibrous, and osseous tissues, skeletal 
t., a term including fatty, fibrous, adenoid, bony, 
and cartilaginous tissues, splenic t., the spleen- 
pulp. subcutaneous t., the layer of loose con- 
nective tissue situated directly beneath the skin, 
sustentacular t., a non-nervous structure of the 
retina composed of the radias, or mullerian fibers of 
that organ. 
tiswin (tis'win). An alcoholic drink formerly 
prepared by the Apache Indians. 
titanium (ti-ta'ne-um) [L. ti'tan the sun]. A 
rare, dark gray, metallic element; atomic weight, 
48.1; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 58. It is used 
in homeopathic practice, t. dioxid, TiO2, a 
substance used in dentistry to give a natural yel- 
lowish tint to artificial teeth. 
titer, titre (ti'ter) [Fr. titre standard]. A suffix 
signifying the measure of: e. g., colontiter is the 
smallest amount of a certain substance which in- 
dicates the presence of the colon bacillus, ag- 
glutination-t., the highest dilution of a serum 
which causes clumping of bacteria. 
titillation (tit-il-a'shun) [L. titilla'tio], The act 
or sensation of tickling. 
titoxin (te-toks'in). One of the substances (the 
other being called toxinan) formed during the 
interaction between toxin and antitoxin. 
titrate (ti'trat). To analyze by titration. 
titration (ti-tra'shun) [Fr. ti'tre standard]. Vol- 
umetric analysis by means, of standard solutions 
of known strength, colorimetric t., a method 
of determining the hydrogen-ion concentration by 
adding an indicator to the unknown and then 
comparing the color with a set of tubes containing 
this same indicator in solutions of known hydrogen- 
ion concentration, electric t., electrode t., 
potentiometer t., a method of determining the 
hydrogen-ion concentration by placing a hydrogen 
electrode in the unknown solution and measuring 
the potential developed as compared with some 
standard electrode by means of a potentiometer, 
formol t. See Sorensen's method, under method. 
titrimetry (ti-trim'et-re) [titration 4- Gr. perpov 
measure]. Analysis by titration. 
titubation (tit-u-ba'shun) [L. tituba'tio], The act 
of staggering or reeling; a staggering or stumbling 
gait, especially one due to a lesion of the spinal 
system. 
Tizzoni's test (tid-zo'nez) [Guido Tizzoni, Italian 
physician, born 1853]. See under tests. 
tjettek (tyet'ek). A deadly poison prepared by 
the Javanese from the root of Strych'nos tieut'e. 
Tl. Symbol for thallium. 
TISWIN 
1161 
Tm. Symbol for thulium. 
Tn. Symbol for normal intra-ocular tension. 
TNT, T. N. T. A British war-time abbreviation for 
trinitrotoluene. 
TO. i. An abbreviation for original tuberculin. 
See tuberculin. 2. An abbreviation for tinctu'ra 
o'pii, tincture of opium. 
toadhead (tod'hed). A form of nearly aborted 
head sometimes seen in a so-called acephalous fetus. 
tobacco (to-bak'o) [L. tab'acum]. The dried and 
prepared leaves of Nicotia'na tab'acum, a solana- 
ceous plant. Tobacco contains the alkaloid nico- 
tin, and unites the qualities of a sedative narcotic 
with those of an emetic and diuretic. It is also 
a heart depressant and antispasmodic. It is em- 
ployed as a relaxant and anodyne in orchitis, as 
a poultice, and in intestinal obstruction by rectal 
injection. Internally it is used in tetanus and 
poisoning by strychnin. Its smoke is inhaled in 
asthma and spasmodic laryngitis, and the juice is 
applied locally for the destruction of parasites, 
t.-heart, a cardiac disturbance due to excessive 
use of tobacco. Indian t., lobelia. 
tobaccoism (to-bak'o-izm). Ill health due to ex- 
cessive use of tobacco; nicotinism. 
Toboldt's apparatus (to'bolts) [Adelbert August 
Oskar Toboldt, German laryngologist, born 1827]. 
An illuminating apparatus for use with a laryngo- 
scope. 
tocanalgin (to-kan-al'jin) [Gr. tokos birth + ar 
not + aXyos pain], A preparation obtained by the 
action of living ferments on morphin chloral- 
hydrate: used in producing mild narcosis in child- 
birth. Dose, min. 8-24, (|-i£ c.c.). 
tochil (to'tshil). Endemic hemoptysis caused by a 
species of distomum which burrows into the tissues 
of the respiratory tract. See Paragonimus wester- 
manii. 
tocodynamometer (to"ko-di-nam-om'et-er) [Gr. 
tokos birth + bvvapts power + perpov measure]. 
An arrangement for measuring the expulsive force 
of the uterine contractions during labor. 
tOCOgraph (tok'o-graf) [Gr. tokos birth + ypatpeiv 
to write]. A recording tocodynamometer. 
tocology (to-kol'o-je) [Gr. tokos childbirth 4- 
Xbyos discourse]. That branch of medicine which 
treats of parturition; obstetrics. 
tocomania (to-ko-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. tokos labor 4* 
pavla madness]. Puerperal mania. 
tocometer (to-kom'et-er) [Gr. tokos labor 4- perpov 
measure]. Same as tocodynamometer. 
tocosin (tok'o-sin). Same as systogene. 
tocus (to'kus) [L.; Gr. tokos]. Labor; childbirth. 
Toddalia (tod-al'e-ah). A genus of rutaceous 
shrubs. The root of T. aculea'ta, of the East 
Indies, is an aromatic stomachic. 
Todd's cirrhosis, potion (todz) [Robert Bentley 
Todd, English physician, 1809-1860]. See cirrho- 
sis and potion. 
toddy (tod'e) [Hind, tdri, tddt\. 1. The fer- 
mented sap of various palm trees. 2. A drink 
prepared from gin or whisky, sugar, and water. 
toe (to). A digit or dactyl of the foot, t.-drop, 
inability to raise or extend the toes, due to paralysis 
more or less complete, hammer-t., a condition 
in which the proximal phalanx of a toe-oftenest 
that of the second toe-is extended and the second 
and distal phalanges are flexed, causing a claw-like 
appearance. Morton's t., a painful affection of 
the metatarsophalangeal joint of the fourth toe. 
t.-phenomenon. See phenomenon. seedy t., 
a disease of horses' feet marked by a fungous growth 
of a horny, honey-combed texture between the 
coffin-bone and the wall of the hoof. 
toe-clonus. See clonus. 
toe-crack. See sand-crack. 
toe-drop. See under drop. 
Toepfer's test. See under tests. 
TOEPFER'S TEST toilet (toi'let). The cleansing and dressing of an 
operation-wound or other injury, or of an ob- 
stetric case. 
Toison's solution (twah-zawz') [J. Toison, 
French histologist, born 1858]. See under stains, 
table of. 
Tokelau ring-worm (to'ke-low). See tinea im- 
bricata. 
toko-. For words thus beginning, see those begin- 
ning toco-. 
Tolamine (tol'am-in). Same as chloralamine-T. 
tolerance, toleration (tol'er-ans, tol-er-a'shun) 
[L. toleran'tia], Ability to endure the continued or 
increasing use of a drug, alkali t., ability of the 
body to endure the administration of alkalies, 
measured by the amount of alkali that must be 
given to cause an alkaline urine. This forms a 
rough measure of the degree of acidosis, crossed 
t., the lessened susceptibility which persons who 
have acquired a tolerance for one drug or poison 
may thereafter exhibit toward another drug. 
tolerant (tol'er-ant). Able to receive or endure, 
without pernicious effect, the action of any par- 
ticular drug. 
tolerific (tol-er-if'ik). Producing or causing tol- 
erance. 
tolipyrin (tol-ip-i'rin). Same as tolypyrin. 
Tollens' test (tol'enz) [Bernhard Tottens, German 
chemist, 1842-1918]. See under tests. 
tolu (to'lu). See balsam of tolu. 
toluendiamin (tol"u-en-di-am'in). A drug, CH3.- 
C8H3.(NH2)2, said to increase the amount of bile 
secreted Dose, |-i gr. (0.033-0.066 gm.). 
toluene (tol'u-en). Thfe hydrocarbon, CgHs.CHa, 
methylbenzene; a colorless liquid obtainable from 
tolu and other resins. 
toluene-sodium-sulphonchloramid. See chlo- 
ramine-T. 
toluene-sulphondichloramin. Dichloramine- 
T. 
toluidin (tol-u'id-in). A compound, CH3.C6H4.- 
NFI2 made by reducing nitrotoluene. It is homol- 
ogous with anilin. t.-blue, the zinc-chlorid 
double salt of dimethyltoluthionin, occurring in 
the form of a black powder yielding a blue solu- 
tion. It is a powerful bactericide: used in infec- 
tious conjunctivitis in 1 :1000 solution. 
toluol (tol'u-ol). See toluene. 
toluyl (tol'u-il). The univalent acid radical, 
C7H7CO. 
toluylendiamin (tol"u-il-en-di-am'in). The com- 
pound, CH3.C6H3.(NH2)2, reputed to be an active 
hepatic stimulant and cholagogue. 
toluylene (tol-u'il-en). The hydrocarbon, diphen- 
ylene, CgHs.CH.CH.CgHb Also called stilbene. 
t.-red. See neutral red. 
tolyl (tol'il). The univalent radical CH3.C6H4, 
isomeric with benzyl, t. hydroxid, cresol. 
tolypyrin (tol-ip-i'rin). A colorless, crystalline 
compound, C12H14N2O, or methylantipyrin, solu- 
ble in 10 parts of water, readily soluble in alcohol, 
but insoluble in ether. It is used as an antipyretic, 
antineuralgic, and antirheumatic like antipyrin. 
Called also tolylantipyrin. Dose, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 
gm.), t. salicylate. Same as tolysal. 
tolysal (tol'is-al). Tolypyrin salicylate, C19H20N2- 
O4, an antipyretic drug occurring in colorless 
crystals, soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in water. 
It is used mainly in rheumatism and in neuralgia. 
Dose, 15-30 gr. (1-2 gm.). 
tolysin (tol'is-in). A proprietary brand of neo- 
cinchrophen. 
tomato (to-ma'to). The solanaceous plant Lyco- 
per'sicum esculen'tum and its edible fruit, a source 
of vitamins. A fluidextract is prepared, said to 
be useful in stomatitis, etc. Dose, 30-60 min. 
TOILET 
1162 
-tome [Gr. Teweu' to cut]. A suffix signifying (a) 
an instrument for cutting or (6) a segment. 
tomentum (to-men'tum). A network of minute 
blood-vessels of the pia and the cortex cerebri. 
Called also t. cerebri. 
Tomes' fibers, layer, process (tomz) [Sir John 
Tomes, English dentist, 1836-1895]. See under 
fiber, layer, and process. 
tomomania (to-mo-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. tow cut + 
Harla madness]. 1. Undue eagerness to perform 
surgical operations. 2. A hysteric desire to be 
operated upon surgically. 
tomotocia (to-mo-to'she-ah) [Gr. tow cut + tokos 
birth]. Delivery by abdominal section. 
-tomy (-to'me) [Gr. tow a cutting]. A suffix signi- 
fying the operation of cutting. 
tonagen (to'naj-en). A proprietary tonic and 
nutrient food. 
tonaphasia (ton-af-a'zhe-ah). Inability to recall 
a familiar tune; musical aphasia. 
tone (ton) [Gr. topos; L. to'nus}. 1. The normal 
degree of vigor and tension; a healthy state of a 
part; particularly the tension or elasticity of 
normal muscles which opposes their sudden 
elongation. 2. A particular quality of sound or of 
voice, feeling t., the condition or state of mind 
and feeling which accompanies every thought or 
act. finger t., the sound heard with the phonen- 
doscope on placing the end of the finger on the 
diaphragm while the instrument is in use. heart- 
t's, the sounds heard in the auscultation of the 
heart, jecoral t., the sound produced by per- 
cussion over the liver. 
tonga (tong7ah). A mixture of medicinal barks from 
Fiji, said to be made from Prem'na taiten'sis and 
Epipren'num mirab'ile: used in neuralgia. Dose 
of fluidextract, 30-120 min. (2-8 c.c.). 
tongaline (tong'al-in). A proprietary medicine for 
gout', rheumatism, and neuralgia, containing tonga 
and various antarthritics. 
tongin (ton'jin). An alkaloid from tonga. 
tongue (tung). A movable muscular organ on the 
floor of the mouth, subserving the special sense of 
taste and aiding in mastication, deglutition, and 
articulation of sound. It is attached to the hyoid 
bone by muscles, to the epiglottis by the glosso- 
epiglottidean folds, and to the soft palate by the 
anterior pillars. It is divided by a median raphe 
and fibrous septum into halves. An anteroposte- 
rior fold (the frce'num lin'guce) connects it through 
part of its length with the floor of the mouth. The 
tongue is made up of intrinsic muscular fibers- 
i. e., those of the lingualis muscle, and by extrinsic 
muscles, the styloglossus, hyoglossus, geniohyo- 
glossus, and palatoglossus. The mucous membrane 
of the tongue presents papillce, of which the circum- 
vallate, numbering eight or ten, are arranged on 
the back part in a V-shaped line; the fungiform are 
on the sides, apex, and dorsum; the filiform, or 
conic, are arranged in lines over the anterior 
part of the dorsum, adherent t., a tongue that 
is attached by folds of mucous membrane to the 
sides and floor of the mouth, baked t., the dry, 
brown tongue of typhoid fever, bald t., a tongue 
characterized by the absence of papillae, bifid t., a 
tongue that is divided in its anterior part by a longi- 
tudinal fissure, black t., glossophytia; a condi- 
tion in which the dorsum of the tongue has a 
blackish, bluish, or greenish discoloration, car- 
dinal t., a tongue whose surface is denuded of 
epithelium, giving it a bright red appearance. 
Clarke's t., a tongue affected with syphilitic 
glossitis sclerosa. cleft t. Same as bifid t. 
coated t., a tongue covered with a whitish or 
yellowish layer consisting of desquamated epi- 
thelium, debris, bacteria, fungi, etc. The condi- 
tion is associated with gastric or intestinal dis- 
order. dotted t. See stippled t. dry t., a 
tongue the surface of which is dry. The condi- 
tion is seen in certain fevers, earthy t., a tongue 
that is coated with a deposit of rough, calcareous 
TONGUE matter, fern-leaf t., a tongue with a central 
furrow having lateral branches, filmy t., one 
with symmetric whitish patches, furred t., a 
tongue with papillae so changed as to give the 
mucous membrane the appearance of whitish fur. 
furrowed t., scrotal tongue, geographic t., 
a tongue with denuded patches surrounded by 
thickened epithelium. grooved t., scrotal 
tongue. hairy t., a tongue the papillae of 
which have a hair-like appearance, mappy t. 
Same as geographic t. parrot-t., the dry, 
horny tongue of low fever, which cannot be 
protruded, plastered t., a tongue coated 
with a very abundant layer of recently depos- 
ited matter. Sandwith's bald t., an extremely 
clean tongue sometimes seen in the late stages of 
pellagra. scrotal t., a tongue marked by 
deep depressions or furrows, and having an ap- 
pearance similar to that of the wrinkled skin 
of the scrotum. smokers' t., leukoplakia, 
split t. See bifid t. stamp-lickers' t., 
inflammation of the surface of the tongue, due to 
irritation from licking stamps, stippled t., 
a tongue in which each papilla is covered with a 
separate white patch of epithelium. Called also 
dotted t. Strawberry t., a tongue with enlarged, 
red, fungiform papillae; it is seen in scarlatina, 
sulcated t., scrotal tongue, t.-swallowing, a 
condition in which the tongue slips back into the 
throat, causing choking, t.-tie, abnormal short- 
ness of the frenum of the tongue, resulting in limi- 
tation of the motion of that organ, t.-traction, 
a remedial procedure recommended as a cardiac 
stimulant, wooden t., one affected with actino- 
mycosis. wrinkled t., scrotal tongue. 
tonic (ton'ik) [Gr. tovikos]. i. Producing and re- 
storing the normal tone. 2. Characterized by 
continuous tension. 3. An agent which tends to 
restore normal tone, bitter t., a tonic of bitter 
taste: used for stimulating the appetite and im- 
proving digestion, such as quinin, quassia, and 
gentian. cardiac t., one which strengthens 
the heart's action, such as digitalis, strophan - 
thus, or strychnin. digestive t., an intes- 
tinal or stomachic tonic. general t., one 
which braces up the whole system: cold baths, 
■electricity, and exercise are general tonics, hem- 
atic t., a medicine which improves the quality 
■of the blood: the principal medicines of this class 
are iron, arsenic, manganese, mercuric chlorid, 
and quinin. intestinal t., one that improves 
the tone of the intestinal tract, nervine t., one 
that increases the tone of the nervous system. 
To this class belong arsenic, zinc oxid, strychnin, 
phosphorus, ammonium chlorid, and quinin. 
stomachic t., one which aids the functions of 
the stomach. Here are classed the alcoholic stimu- 
lants, vegetable bitters, hydrochloric and nitro- 
hydrochloric acids, vascular t., one which in- 
increases the tone of the blood-vessels. Among 
them are belladonna, digitalis, ergot, and strychnin. 
tonicity (to-nis'it-e). The normal condition of 
tone or tension. 
tonicize (ton'is-iz). 1. To improve the tone of a 
part. 2. To induce tonic contraction of a muscle. 
tonicoclonic (ton"ik-o-klon'ik). Same as tono- 
clonic. 
toninervin (ton-in-er'vin). A soluble preparation 
of quinin and iron: used as an antipyretic, anti- 
septic, stomachic, and tonic. It is said to be free 
from the disagreeable effects of quinin. Dose, 
i}-5 gr. (0.1-0.3 gm.). 
toniquinin (ton-ik-win'in). A proprietary quinin 
substitute. 
tonitrophobia (ton'it-ro-fo'be-ah). Tonitrupho- 
bia. 
tonitruphobia (ton"it-ru-fo'be-ah) [L. ton'itru 
thunder + Gr. ipbfios fear]. Morbid fear of thunder. 
Tonka, T. bean (tong'kah). The seed of Dip'teryx 
odora'ta, a North American tree. It affords cou- 
TONIC 
1163 
marin, and is used as a flavoring agent and to 
disguise odors. 
tonnenem (ton'e-nem). Pirquet's term for rooo 
nems; i. e., the food value of i metric ton of milk, 
tonoclonic (ton-o-klon'ik). Both tonic and clonic; 
said of a spasm consisting of a convulsive twitching 
of the muscles. 
tonograph (to'no-graf) [Gr. tovos tone + ypaipciv 
to record]. A recording tonometer. 
tonol (ton'ol). A name given by a certain chemical 
manufacturer to identify the glycerophosphates of 
his house. 
tonometer (to-nom'et-er) [Gr. tovos tone + ptTpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring tension, 
especially the blood-pressure or the intra-ocular 
tension. Gartner's t., an instrument for meas- 
uring blood-pressure by means of a compressing 
ring applied to the finger. Musken's t., an 
instrument for measuring the tonicity of the Achil- 
les tendon. Schibtz's t., an instrument for 
measuring the intra-ocular pressure. 
tonometry (to-nom'et-re). The measurement of 
tension, especially of intra-ocular tension. 
tonophant (ton'o-fant) [Gr. tovos tone + <patveiv to 
show]. An instrument for rendering acoustic 
vibrations visible. 
tonoplast (ton'o-plast) [Gr. tovos tension + 
7rXd<raeip to form]. A small intracellular body 
which forms powerful osmotic substances within 
itself and thus swells up to form a small vacuole. 
tonoscope (ton'o-skop) [Gr. tovos tone + a ko ire tv 
to inspect], i. An apparatus for rendering sound 
visible by registering the vibrations on a screen. 
2. A device for examining the head or brain by 
means of sound. 
tonquinol (ton'kwin-ol). A white, crystalline sub- 
stance, CnH13N3O6: used as a substitute for musk, 
tonsil (ton'sil) [L. tonsil'la]. i. A small, almond- 
shaped mass between the pillars of the fauces on 
either side. The tonsils are composed mainly of 
lymphoid tissue, are covered with mucous mem- 
brane, and contain various crypts and many 
lymph-follicles. They are believed to act as 
sources for the supply of phagocytes to the 
mouth and pharynx, which destroy bacteria en- 
tering the mouth. 2. A lobe on either side of 
the lower surface of the cerebellum. See amyg- 
dala. abdominal t., the vermiform appendix, 
t. of the cerebellum. See amygdala. 
eustachian t., Gerlach's tonsil, faucial 
t. Same as tonsil (1st def.). Ger- 
lach's t., a mass of adenoid tissue about the 
pharyngeal end of the eustachian tube, and along 
its median wall within. Called also tubal t. lin- 
gual t., a group of glands at the root of the 
tongue. Luschka's t., pharyngeal t., third 
t., a mass of lymphoid glands between the naso- 
pharyngeal orifices of the eustachian tubes, 
palatine t. Same as tonsil (1st def.), sub- 
merged t., enlargement of the tonsil, which is 
wholly or partly hidden by the anterior pillars of 
the fauces, so that no enlargement can be recog- 
nized. tubal t. See Gerlach's t. 
tonsilla (ton-sil'ah), L. for tonsil, t. cerebel'li 
[B N A]. See amygdala, t. intestina'lis, Pey- 
er's patch, t. lingua'lis [B N A], lingual tonsil, 
t. palati'na [B N A]. See tonsil (1st def.), t. 
pharyn'gea [B N A], pharyngeal tonsil. 
tonsillar, tonsillary (ton'sil-ar, ton'sil-a-re) [L. 
tonsilla'ris]. Of or pertaining to a tonsil. 
tonsillectome (ton-sil-ek'tom). An instrument 
for performing tonsillectomy. 
tonsillectomy (ton-sil-ek'to-me) [L. tonsil'la ton- 
sil + Gr. cKropi) excision]. The surgical removal 
of a tonsil. 
tonsillith (ton'sil-ith). See tonsillolith. 
tonsillitic (ton-sil-it'ik). Pertaining to or affected 
with tonsillitis. 
tonsillitis (ton-sil-i'tis) [L. tonsil'la tonsil + Gr. 
-itis inflammation]. Inflammation of a tonsil. 
TONSILLITIS caseoust. See lacunar t. catarrhal t., acute, 
a form associated with acute catarrhal pharyngitis, 
in which the tonsils are red and swollen. Called also 
erythematous t. catarrhal t., chronic, a form 
attended by permanent hypertrophy, and usually 
requiring tonsillectomy, diphtherial t. See 
diphtheria, erythematous t. See catarrhal t., 
acute, follicular t., that which especially 
affects the follicles, herpetic t., a local mani- 
festation of herpes on the tonsil, lacunar t., 
tonsillitis in which the follicles of the tonsils are 
filled with plugs of caseous matter. Called also 
caseous t. lingual t., a lymphadenoid mass at 
the base of the tongue, mycotic t., a form due 
to fungi, parenchymatous t., acute, quinsy; 
a form attended with high fever, severe pain, 
headache, dysphagia, and suppuration. Treated 
with ice in the mouth; a wash of lobelia tincture; 
hot compresses and ice alternately to the neck; 
sodium salicylate; just before and after the dis- 
charge of pus, Rhine wine is a useful stimulant, 
preglottic t., inflammation of the lingual tonsil, 
pustular t., that which is characterized by the 
formation of pustules, streptococcus t. See 
septic sore throat, under sore throat, superficial t., 
inflammation of the mucous membrane over a 
tonsil, suppurative t. Same as parenchy- 
matous t., acute. 
tonsillolith (ton'sil-o-lith) [L. tonsil'la tonsil + 
Gr. XlOos stone]. A concretion or calculus in a 
tonsil. 
tonsilloprive (ton'sil-o-priv) [tonsil 4- L. priva're 
to deprive]. Having the tonsils removed; due to 
removal or absence of the tonsils. 
tonsilloscope (ton-sil'o-skbp) [tonsil + Gr. axo- 
ireiv to examine]. An instrument for inspecting 
the tonsils. 
tonsillotome (ton'sil-o-tom) [L. tonsil'la tonsil + 
Gr. renveiv to cut], A knife used in tonsillotomy. 
tonsillotomy (ton-sil-ot'o-me) [L. tonsil'la tonsil 
+ Gr. renvecv to cut]. The surgical removal of a 
tonsil or part of it; also, the incision of a tonsil. 
tonsillotyphoid (ton"sil-o-ti'foid). Same as phar- 
yngotyphoid. 
tonsilsector (ton-sil-sek'tor). A special form of 
tonsillotome. 
tonsolith (ton'so-lith). Tonsillolith. 
tonsure (ton'shur) [L. tonsu'ra shaving]. An early 
bald spot over the rolandic area. 
tontine (ton-ten') [named from Lorenzo Tonti, 
an Italian banker who lived in the 17th century], 
A kind of life-insurance in which no dividends 
are paid to the policy-holders until the end of a 
specified time, when the accumulated dividends 
are divided among the survivors who have kept 
up the premiums on their policies. 
tonus (to'nus) [L.; Gr. topos]. Tone or tonicity, 
a condition of readiness of a tissue to perform its 
usual function in response to a customary stimulus, 
acerebral t., tonic contraction of muscles after 
removal of the cerebrum, chemic t., the state 
of slight but continuous chemic activity in muscles 
when at rest, myogenic t., tonic contraction of 
muscle dependent upon some property of the muscle 
itself or of its intrinsic nerve-cells, neurogenic 
t., tonic contraction of muscle due to stimulation 
received through the nervous system. 
tooth (tuth), pl. teeth. Any one of a set of small, 
bone-like structures of the jaws for masticating 
the food. There are two sets of teeth, the tem- 
porary [milk or deciduous) teeth, which are lost 
in childhood, and the permanent t., which begin 
in the seventh year to displace the temporary teeth 
and last until old age. There are 20 temporary 
teeth, 10 in each jaw, as follows: 4 incisors, 2 
canines, and 4 molars. There are 32 permanent 
teeth, 16 in each jaw, as follows: 4 incisors, 2 
canines, 4 bicuspids, and 6 molars. Each tooth 
has three parts-a crown, or body, above the gum 
and covered with enamel; a neck, between the 
TONSILLOLITH 
1164 
crown and root; a root, or fang, within the alveolus, 
and covered with cement. The incisors are cutting 
teeth, and have a crown shaped like a wedge. 
Each has one long and conic root. The cuspids 
are tearing teeth. Each has a long and conic 
crown and a single root. The cuspids in the upper 
jaw are called the eye-teeth, and those in the lower, 
the stomach-teeth. The crowns of the bicuspids 
have two cusps. Each bicuspid has a grooved, 
conic, single root. Molars, or grinders, have 
broad, square crowns. The upper molars have 
four cusps and the lower molars five. The lower 
molars have two roots; the upper, three roots. 
The third molar has only one root. This third 
molar is known as the dens sapientice, or " wisdom- 
tooth." A tooth consists of a solid portion and a 
pulp-cavity. The solid portion consists of dentin, 
or ivory, forming most of the tooth, and resembling 
bone; enamel, the hardest of organized bodies, 
covering the crown; and cement, covering the root. 
Cement, or crusta petrosa, is true bone. The pulp- 
cavity within the crown is continuous with a canal 
in the root which opens at the root-apex for the 
passage of nerves and vessels. This cavity contains 
the pulp, a soft, sensitive substance containing 
many vessels and nerves, and composed of cells and 
connective tissue. Development: The temporary 
teeth are formed in the primitive dental groove by 
an involution of epithelium about the ninth or 
eleventh week. The enamel comes from a collec- 
tion of epithelial cells, the enamel-germ. This 
enamel-germ descends until it meets a vascular 
growth coming up from the connective tissue, and 
called the papilla. Over the papilla the enamel- 
germ forms a cup. A membrane inclosing the 
enamel-germ extends upon the papilla, and cuts 
the enamel off from the epithelial structure. This 
is the dentinal sac. The cells are after a time 
calcified. Odontoblasts in the papilla form the 
dentin. The cement comes from the wall of the 
dentinal sac. The permanent teeth, which replace 
the milk-teeth, develop, like them, from a secondary 
dentinal groove, recurring, after their formation, 
behind the germs of the milk-teeth, and inclosed in 
sacs. The molars, or permanent teeth superadded, 
are formed by backward extension of the enamel- 
germ of the tooth just in front. Eruption, or cutting 
of the teeth, is due to growth of the root, the germ 
being absorbed by pressure. The order of eruption 
of milk-teeth: Lower central incisors, six to eight 
months; upper central incisors, six to eight months; 
lateral incisors, seven to nine months; upper and 
lower first molars, fourteen to sixteen months; 
canines, seventeen to eighteen months; second 
molars, eighteen to twenty-four months. Per- 
manent teeth: First molars, five to seven years; 
first central incisors, seven to eight years; four 
lateral incisors, eight to nine years; four first 
bicuspids, ten to eleven and a half years; four 
second bicuspids, eleven to twelve years; first 
canines, twelve to fourteen years; four second 
molars, twelve to fifteen years; four third molars, 
seventeen to twenty-two years. Various other 
dental structures in the animal and vegetable or- 
ganisms are also called teeth. See further under 
teeth, t.-ache, pain in a tooth; odontalgia, 
t.-key, a dentist's instrument formerly used for 
extracting teeth by torsion, t.-pulp, the con- 
nective, nervous, and other tissues which fill the 
pulp-cavity of a tooth, t.-rash. See strophulus. 
t.-spasm, infantile eclampsia, virgin t., a 
horse's tooth not yet worn down by use. 
Tooth's type (tooths) [Howard Henry Tooth, con- 
temporary English physician]. The hereditary 
form of progressive muscular atrophy. 
toot-poison (toot'poi-zn). A poison from Coria'- 
ria sarmento'sa, a plant of New Zealand. 
topalgia, topoalgia (to-pal'je-ah, to-po-al'je-ah) 
[Gr. tottos spot + aXyos pain]. Fixed or localized 
pain. It is seen in neurasthenia. 
topasol (to'pas-ol). See anticornutin, anticoroin, 
antimucorin, antiperonosporin. 
TOPASOL topesthesia, topaesthesia (to-pes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
tottos place 4- dla6r)ffLs sensation]. The power of 
localizing a tactile sensation. 
Topfer's test (tep'ferz) [Alfred Edouard Tbpfer, 
German physician, born 1858]. See under tests. 
tophaceous (to-fa'shus) [L. topha'ceus; to'phus 
sandstone]. Of a hard or gritty nature. 
tophi (to'fi). Plural of tophus. 
tophus (to'fus), pl. to'phi [L. " porous stone "]. 1. 
Same as chalk-stone. 2. Tartar of the teeth, or 
salivary calculus, dental t., calcareous matter 
on the roots of teeth in gouty people, t. syphil- 
iticus, a syphilitic node. 
tophyperidrosis (tof"ip-er-id-ro'sis) [Gr. tottos 
place 4- virep over + ISpus sweat]. Excessive 
local sweating. 
topic, topical (top'ik, top'ik-al) [Gr. tottlkos]. 
Pertaining to a particular spot; local. 
topica (top'ik-ah). Medicine for local external use. 
Topinard's angle, line (top-e-narz') [Paul 
Topinard, French scientist, 1830-1912]. See angle, 
line. 
topo-anesthesia(top"o-an-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. tottos 
place + anesthesia]. Loss of power to localize a 
tactile sensation. 
topognosis (top-og-no'sis) [Gr. tottos place + 
7^(715 recognition]. Same as topesthesia. 
topographic, topographical (to-po-graf'ik, to- 
po-graf'ik-al) [Gr. tottos spot 4* ypatpevv to write]. 
Describing special regions. 
topography (to-pog'ra-fe) [Gr. tottos place + 
ypaipew to record]. The description of an anatomic 
region or of a special part. 
topology (to-pol'o-je) [Gr. tottos place + \byos 
treatise]. 1. Topographic anatomy. 2. The rela- 
tion between the presenting part of the fetus and 
the birth canala. 
toponarcosis (top"o-nar-ko'sis) [Gr. tottos place 
+ vdpKaxTis benumbing]. Localized anesthesia. 
toponeurosis (top"o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. tottos spot 
+ neurosis]. A neurosis affecting a limited region. 
toponym (top'o-nim). The name of a region as 
distinguished from an organ. 
toponymy (to-pon'im-e) [Gr. tottos place 4- owpa. 
name]. Terminology pertaining to the position 
and direction of organs and parts. 
topophobia (to-po-fo'be-ah) [Gr. tottos place + 
ipb0os fear]. A morbid dread of particular places. 
topophylaxis (top"o-fi-lak'sis) [Gr. tottos place 4~ 
phylaxis]. The application of a constricting band, 
intended to confine the phylaxis following arsphen- 
amin injections to the limb in which the injection 
is made. 
topothermesthesiometer (top"o-therm-es-the- 
ze-om'et-er) [Gr. tottos place + Oepp/q heat + 
a'lcrdqais sensation + perpov measure]. An appa- 
ratus for measuring the local temperature sense. 
toramin (tor'am-in). The ammonium salt of the 
trichlor-butyl-ester of malonic acid. A bitter solu- 
ble white powder employed as a non-narcotic 
cough medicine in place of the derivatives of 
opium. 
torcular herophili (tor'ku-lar he-rof'il-i) [L. " the 
wine-press of Herophilus"]. The dilated point of 
confluence of the superior sagittal, straight, oc- 
cipital, and two transverse sinuses of the dura 
mater. It is lodged in a depression at one side of 
the internal occipital protuberance. Called also 
conjluens sinuum. 
torfu (tor'fu). A Japanese food-preparation from 
the Soja bean, in white tablets. 
toric (to'rik). Pertaining to or resembling a torus, 
t. lens. See lens. 
torii (to'ril) [L. to'rus bull], A proprietary beef- 
extract. 
tormen (tor'men), pl. tor'mina [L.]. A severe 
griping or physical pain. 
TOPESTHESIA 
1165 
TORTUOUS 
tormentil (tor-men'til) [L. tormentil'la]. A plant, 
Poientil'la tormentil'la, and its astringent rhizome. 
Dose of fluidextract, 1-2 fl. dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
tormina (tor'min-ah). Plural of tormen. 
tormina! (tor'min-al). Pertaining to, or character- 
ized by, tormina. 
Tornwald's disease. See Thornwaldt's disease. 
torose, torous (to'ros, to'rus) [L. toro'sus], Bulging 
or knobby. 
torpent (tor'pent) [L. tor'pens]. 1. Inactive; in 
abeyance. 2. An agent that reduces irritation. 
torpid (tor'pid) [L. tor'pidus inactive]. Not acting 
with normal vigor and facility. 
torpidity (tor-pid'it-e). Sluggishness; inactivity, 
slowness. 
torpor (tor'por) [L.]. Lack of response to normal 
or ordinary stimuli, t. ret'inae, a condition in 
which the retina is excited to action only by stimuli 
of considerable luminous power. 
torque (tork) [L. torque're to twist], A rotary force; 
in dentistry, the rotation of a tooth on its long axis. 
torquing (tor'king). The twisting of a tooth into 
position, as in the correction of malposition. 
torrefaction (tor-e-fak'shun) [L. torrefac'tio]. The 
act of roasting or parching. 
torrefy (tor'e-fi) [L. torrefac'ere]. To parch, roast, 
or dry by the aid of heat. 
torricellian vacuum (to-re-shel'e-an) [Evan- 
gelista Torricelli, Italian physicist, 1608-1647]. 
See vacuum. 
torsiometer (tor-se-om'et-er) [L. tor'sio twist 4- 
me'trum measure]. A form of clinoscope for 
measuring the amount of rotation of the eyeball 
on the visual axis. 
torsion (tor'shun) [L. tor'sio; torque're to twist]. 
1. The act of twisting; the condition of being 
twisted. In dentistry, the condition of a tooth 
when it is turned on its long axis. 2. In ophthal- 
mology, any rotation of the vertical corneal me- 
ridians. See under balance. 
torsive (tor'siv). Twisted. 
torsiversion (tor-siv-er'shun). The condition of a 
tooth when it is turned or rotated on its long 
axis out of its normal position. 
torso (tor'so). The trunk without the head or ex- 
tremities. 
torsoclusion (tor-so-klu'zhun) [L. torque're to 
twist + clu'dere to shut]. Acupressure combined 
with pressure of the bleeding vessel. 
torso-occlusion (tor"so-ok-lu'zhun). The con- 
dition of a tooth when it is turned on its long axis 
so as to be out of its normal position. 
torticollar (tor-tik-ol'ar). Pertaining to or af- 
fected with torticollis. 
torticollis (tor-tik-ol'is) [L. tor'tus twisted 4- 
col'lum neck]. Wry-neck; a contracted state of 
the cervical muscles, producing twisting of the 
neck and an unnatural position of the head, 
fixed t., an unnatural position of the head due 
to actual and persistent organic muscular shorten- 
ing. intermittent t. Same as spasmodic t. 
mental t., a form of tic, or habit-spasm, in which 
there is spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, 
producing deviation of the head. This deviation 
usually ceases on the patient lying down, or it may 
be controlled by slight pressure, rheumatic t., 
that which is due to rheumatism, chiefly of the 
sternomastoid and adjacent muscles, spas- 
modic t., t. spas'tica, that which is due to 
spasm of certain muscles, occurring intermittently, 
spurious t., twisting or stiffness of the neck due 
to caries of the cervical vertebrae, symptomatic 
t., stiffness of the neck due to rheumatism. 
tortipelvis (tor-te-pel'vis) [L. tor'tus twisted + pel- 
vis]. See dystonia musculorum deformans. 
tortuous (tor'tu-us). Twisted; full of turns and 
twists. Torula (tor'u-lah), pl. toru'la [L. " roll "]. A 
former genus (now a group) of microorganisms 
to which Streptococcus and Saccharomyces belong, 
t. of Pasteur, a microorganism related to the 
yeast fungus and found in meconium. 
toruliform, toruloid (tor'u-lif-orm, tor'u-loid). 
Resembling a torula; beaded. 
torus (to'rus) [L. a "knot"]. 1. A swelling; a 
bulging projection. 2. A solid developed by the 
revolution of a circle about any axis other than 
its diameter, t. frontalis, a protuberance in 
the middle line of the root of the nose, on the 
external surface of the skull, t. ma'nus, the 
metacarpus, t. occipitalis [BN A], a rounded 
edge occasionally seen on the occipital bone in the 
region of the superior curved line. t. palati'- 
nus [B N A], a protuberance on the hard palate at 
the union of the intermaxillary and palatomaxillary 
sutures, t. tuba'rius [B N A], Same as eusta- 
chian cushion, under cushion, t. u'teri, a trans- 
verse ridge on the median line of the uterus where 
the peritoneum is reflected upon the posterior wall 
of the vagina. 
Toti's operation (to'tez) [Addeo Toti, contempo- 
rary Italian ophthalmologist]. Dacryocystorhinos- 
tomy. 
totipotent (to-tip'o-tent). Totipotential. 
totipotential (to-tip-o-ten'shal) [L. to'tus whole 4- 
po'tens able]. Capable of all: said of cells which 
can give rise to cells of all orders, i. e., the complete 
individual. Cf. unipotential. 
touch (tutsh) [L. tac'lus], 1. The sense by which 
contact with objects gives evidence as to certain 
of their qualities. 2. Palpation or exploration 
with the finger, abdominal t., digital palpa- 
tion of the abdomen. t.-corpuscle. See under 
corpuscle, double t., digital examination of 
the rectum and vagina at the same time, rectal 
t., exploration of the rectum with the finger, 
vaginal t., digital exploration of the vagina, 
vesical t., digital examination of the bladder. 
tour de maitre (toor deh matr) [Fr. " master's 
turn "]. A method of passing the sound or 
catheter into the male bladder or into the uterus. 
It is first introduced in a position with its stem 
parallel to the thighs and between them and its 
convexity upward, and then, by a sweep is brought 
to the ordinary position and carried on into the 
bladder. The motion is reversed in the uterus. 
Tourette's disease (too-retz') [Georges Gilles de 
la Tourette, physician in Paris, bom 1857]. See 
disease. 
tourniquet (toor'ne-ket) [Fr.]. An instrument 
for the compression of a blood-vessel for the pur- 
pose of controlling the circulation and preventing 
the access of blood to a part. Tourniquets are of 
various kinds, named chiefly from their inventors. 
Dupuytren's t., a tourniquet consisting of a 
semicircular piece of metal with a head at one end: 
used for compressing the abdominal aorta. Es- 
march's t., a tourniquet consisting of a piece of 
strong, flat rubber tubing, which, after the blood 
has been driven from the limb by an elastic bandage, 
is wound about the upper part of the limb so as to 
arrest the circulation, field t., a padded strap 
to be buckled on and pressed down by a screw so 
as to compress an artery, garrote t., Spanish 
windlass, horseshoe t.. one shaped like a horse- 
shoe to press upon two points, provisional t., 
one applied loosely, to be tightened as occasion 
may require. Signorini's t. Same as field t. 
Spanish t., Spanish windlass. 
tousey (tow'ze) [Sinclair Tousey, New York ront- 
genologist]. A unit of x-ray power; being the 
radiance which will produce on a photographic film 
an effect equal to that produced by a one candle- 
power incandescent electric light. 
tow (to). The coarser parts or fibers of flax: used 
in surgery. 
towelette (tow-el-et'). A small towel for the sur- 
geon's or obstetrician's use. 
TORULA 
1166 
toweling (tow'el-ing). Friction with a towel. 
Townsend's mixture (towns'endz) [Joseph Towns- 
end, British clergyman, 1739-1816]. See under 
mixture. 
toxaemia (toks-e'me-ah). See toxemia. 
toxalbumic (toks-al-bu'mik). Relating to or caused 
by toxalbumin. 
toxalbumin (toks-al-bu'min). Any poisonous albu- 
min, whether of bacterial or other origin. Some, 
like abrin, ricin, and phallin, are found in plant 
juices; others in serpent-venoms, bacterial cultures, 
etc. See under toxin. 
toxalbumose (toks-al'bu-mos). A poisonous albu- 
mose. 
toxanemia (toks-an-e'me-ah) [Gr. to^ikov poison 
4- anemia]. Anemia due to a poison. 
Toxascaris (toks-as'kar-is). A genus of parasitic 
nematodes of the family Ascaridae. T. ca'nis, 
the common round worm of the dog. It closely 
resembles the roundworm of the cat (Belascaris 
mystax) and has been found in man. T. Lim- 
ba'ta. See T. canis. 
toxemia (toks-e'me-ah) [Gr. to^lkou poison 4* 
aijua blood]. A general intoxication due to the 
absorption of bacterial products (toxins) formed at 
a local source of infection, alimentary t., toxe- 
mia due to absorption from the alimentary canal of 
chemic poisons, hydatid t., toxemia with urti- 
caria caused by hydatid fluid which has escaped 
into the peritoneal cavity, menstrual t., that 
which is due to the absorption of a poison from the 
altered blood of retained menses, mucin t., 
toxemia with tetanic symptoms due to excision of 
the thyroid gland, whose function is supposed to 
remove certain toxic substances from the blood. 
toxemic, toxaemic (toks-e'mik). Pertaining to or 
caused by toxemia. 
toxenzyme (toks-en'zim) [toxin 4- enzyme]. Any 
poisonous enzyme. 
toxic, toxical (toks'ik, toks'ik-al). Pertaining to, 
due to, or of the nature of, a poison. 
toxicaemia (toks-is-e'me-ah). Toxemia. 
toxicant (toks'ik-ant) [L. tox'icans poisoning]. 1. 
Poisonous.- 2. A poisonous agent. 
toxication (toks-ik-a'shun). Poisoning. 
toxicemia (toks-is-e'me-ah). Toxemia. 
toxicide (toks'is-id) [Gr. to^ckov poison 4- L. ca'dere 
to kill]. Overcoming toxic agents; also a drug so 
acting. 
toxicity (toks-is'it-e) [Gr. to^lkov poisori]. The 
quality of being poisonous, especially the degree 
of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. 
It is expressed by a fraction indicating the ratio 
between the smallest amount that will cause an 
animal's death and the weight of that animal. 
toxicodendrol (toks"ik-o-den'drol). A poisonous, 
non-volatile oil found in Rhus toxicoden'dron. 
toxicodendron (toks"ik-o-den'dron) [Gr. to^ckPp 
poison 4- 6ev8pov tree]. The poisonous leaves of 
Rhus toxicoden'dron. See under Rhus. 
toxicoderma (toks"ik-o-der'mah) [Gr. to^ikop 
poison 4- Seppa skin]. Any skin disease due to a 
poison. 
toxicodermatitis (toks"ik-o-der-mat-i'tis). Der- 
matitis due to a poison. 
toxicodermatosis (toks"ik-o-der-mat-o'sis). Tox- 
icoderma. 
toxicodermia (toks"ik-o-der'me-ah). Toxicoderma. 
toxicodermitis (toks"ik-o-der-mi'tis). Toxico- 
dermatitis. 
toxicogenic (toks"ik-o-jen'ik) [Gr. to^ikov poison 
4- yevvav to produce]. Producing a poison. 
toxicohemia (toks"ik-o-he'me-ah). Same as tox- 
emia. 
toxicoid (toks'ik-oid) [Gr. to^ikov poison 4- eiSos 
form]. Resembling a poison. 
TOXICOID toxicologic (toks"ik-o-loj'ik). Pertaining to tox- 
icology. 
toxicologist (toks-ik-ol'o-jist). An expert in the 
knowledge and detection of poisons. 
toxicology (toks-ik-ol'o-je) [Gr. to^lkov poison fl- 
Xoyos treatise]. The sum of what is known re- 
garding poisons; the scientific study of poisons, 
their actions, their detection, and the treatment 
of the conditions produced by them. 
toxicomania (toks"ik-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. to^ikov 
poison -|- pavia madness], i. An intense desire 
for poisons or for intoxicants. 2. Same as toxico- 
phobia. 
toxicomucin (toks"ik-o-mu'sin) [L. tox'icus poi- 
sonous + mu'cus slime], A poisonous albuminoid 
substance derived from cultures of the tubercle 
bacillus. 
toxicopathic (toks"ik-o-path'ik). Pertaining to 
toxicopathy. 
toxicopathy (toks-ik-op'ath-e) [Gr. to&kov poi- 
son 4- irddos disease]. Any disease induced by a 
poison. 
toxicophidia (toks"ik-o-fid'e-ah) [Gr. to^kov poi- 
son + o<pis snake]. Venomous snakes collectively; 
thanatophidia. 
toxicophobia (toks"ik-o-fo'be-ah) (Gr. to^lkov 
poison + <pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of poisons. 
toxicophylaxin (toks"ik-o-fi-laks'in) [Gr. to^lkov 
poison + phylaxin]. Any phylaxin which de- 
stroys the poisons produced by microorganisms. 
toxicosis (toks-ik-o'sis) [Gr. to^lkov poison]. Any 
diseased condition due to poisoning, endogenic 
t., autointoxication, exogenic t., poisoning by 
the ingestion of toxic material, as in the food, 
retention t., that which is due to the non- 
excretion of noxious waste-products. 
toxicosozin (toks"ik-o-so/zin). A defensive pro- 
tein which counteracts a toxin. 
toxidermitis (toks"e-der-mi'tis) [Gr. to^lkov poi- 
son + Seppa skin + -ins inflammation]. Any skin 
inflammation due to a poison. 
toxiferous (toks-if'er-us) [L. tox'icum poison + 
JeV re to bear]. Conveying or producing a poison. 
toxigenic (toks-e-jen'ik). Producing or elaborating 
toxins. 
toxignomic (toks-ig-nom'ik). Characteristic of 
the toxic action of a poison. 
toxi-infection (toks-e-in-fek'shun). Toxinfection. 
toxi-infectious (toks"e-in-fek'shus). Caused by 
infection with a toxin. 
toximucin (toks-e-mu'sin). See toxicomucin. 
toxin (toks'in) [Gr. to^lkov poison]. 1. Any poi- 
sonous albumin produced by bacterial action. 
1. The true toxins are soluble, thermolabile, secre- 
tory products of bacteria which are highly poison- 
ous and which when injected into suitable animals 
in carefully graded doses incite the formation of 
specific substances called antitoxins which nullify 
the action of the toxin. The best known are those 
of diphtheria, tetanus, and botulism. Toxin-like 
substances are also found in plants and in snake 
venom. 2. The endotoxins are poisonous sub- 
stances which are not soluble, but which seem to 
be attached to the bacterial body. They may be 
the poisonous portion of the protein molecule, 
animal t., zootoxin. Coley's t., an unfiltered 
mixture of erysipelas and prodigiosus cultures: 
injected for the treatment of inoperable malignant 
tumors, extracellular t., a toxin excreted by a 
bacterial cell; an exotoxin, fatigue t., a toxin 
formed in the body as a result of muscular effort; 
a kenotoxin. intracellular t., a toxin developed 
and retained within the bacterial cell. See under 
toxin. Morpinami's scarlatina t. See 
scarlatina, normal t., the standard of toxin 
strength; a toxin of such strength that 0.01 c.c. 
will kill a guinea-pig of 250 grams in four days, 
primary t., an extracellular toxin immediately 
TOXICOLOGIC 
1167 
after secretion by the bacterial cell and before it 
has been changed by the albuminoses of the body 
into a secondary toxin, prodigiosus t., an 
antitoxin from cultures of P seudomonas prodigio'- 
sus; it is used in the treatment of malignant 
tumors, secondary t. See under primary t. 
toxinan (toks'in-an). See under titoxin. 
toxinemia, toxinsemia (toks-in-e'me-ah) [toxin 
+ Gr. ai/xa blood]. The poisoning of the blood 
with toxins. 
toxinf ection (toks-in-fek'shun). Infection by 
toxins or other poisonous agents. 
toxinfectious (toks-in-fek'shus). Caused by infec- 
tion with a toxin. 
toxinic (toks-in'ik) [Gr. to^lkov poison]. Pertain- 
ing to or caused by a toxin. 
toxinicide (toks-in'is-id) [toxin fl- L. ca'dere to 
kill]. Any agent destructive to toxins. 
toxinosis (toks-in-o'sis). Any diseased condition 
due to the presence of a toxin. 
toxin-toxoid (toks"in-toks'oid). A mixture of a 
toxin and a toxoid. 
toxipeptone (toks-e-pep'ton). A poisonous pro- 
tein or albuminoid substance allied to peptone; 
especially one produced from peptones by the action 
of the Vibrio cholera. 
toxiphobia(toks-if-o'be-ah). Same as toxicophobia. 
toxiphoric (toks-if-or'ik) [Gr. to^lkov poison + 
<pepetv to bear]. Having an affinity for a toxin. 
toxiresin (toks-e-rez'in). A poisonous resinous 
substance obtainable from digitoxin. 
toxis (toks'is) [Gr. to^lkov poison]. Poisoning;' espe- 
cially, poisoning by toxins. 
toxitabellse (tok-se-tab-el'e). Poison tablets. See- 
under tablet. 
toxitherapy (toks-ith-er'ap-e). The therapeutic 
use of antitoxins. 
toxituberculid (toks"e-tu-ber'ku-lid). A skin 
lesion attributed to the action of tuberculous toxin. 
toxo-alexin (toks-o-al-ek'sin) [Gr. to^lkov poison + 
akQeiv to ward off]. An alexin which tends to 
produce immunity to bacterial toxins, including 
toxosozins and toxophylaxins. 
Toxoca'ra ca'nis. A nematode worm parasitic in 
the intestine of dogs and sometimes found in man. 
toxogen (toks'o-jen). The anaphylactic antibody, 
toxogenin (toks-oj'en-in) [Gr. to^lkov poison + 
yevvav to produce]. A substance supposed to 
develop in the blood under the influence of the 
action of an injected antigen, which, though itself in- 
active, in the injection of more antigen produces 
anaphylaxis. 
toxoglobulin (toks-o-glob'u-lin). A poisonous 
globulin. 
toxoid (toks'oid) [Gr. to^kov poison + eiSos form]. 
A transformation product of a toxin no longer 
toxic, but capable of uniting with the function- 
ating element of the cells. A toxoid with a greater 
affinity for the cells than the antitoxin is called 
a protoxoid; one with the same affinity, a syntoxoid; 
one with less affinity, an epitoxoid or toxon. 
toxo-inf ection (toks"o-in-fek'shun). Infection 
with a toxin. 
toxo-infectious (toks"o-in-fek'shus). Same as 
toxi-infectious. 
toxolecithid (tok-so-les'ith-id). Same as toxo- 
lecithin. 
toxolecithin (tok-so-les'ith-in). A lecithin com- 
pounded with a toxin, as cobra venom. 
toxolysin (tok-sol'is-in). Same as antitoxin. 
toxomucin (tok-so-mu'sin) [Gr. to^ikov poison + 
mucin]. Same as toxicomucin. 
toxon, toxone (toks'on, -bn). One of the diph- 
theric poisons with less affinity for antitoxin 
than has toxin and which produces not acute toxic 
death, but emaciation, paralysis, and a delayed 
death. 
TOXON toxonoid (toks'o-noid). A toxone which is not toxic, 
but has the power of binding antitoxin. 
toxonosis (toks-o-no'sis). A disease due to poi- 
soning. 
toxopeptone (toks-o-pep'ton). See toxipeptone. 
toxopexic (toks-o-peks'ik) [toxin + Gr. iritis fixa- 
tion]. Fixing a toxin or poison in such a way as 
to make it harmless to the organism. 
toxophile (tok'so-fil) [toxin + Gr. yaXeir to'love]. 
Easily susceptible to a poison; having an affinity 
for poisons or toxins. 
toxophilous (toks-of'il-us). Same as toxophile. 
toxophore group (tok'so-for) [toxin + Gr. <popos 
bearing]. See Ehrlich's side-chain theory, under 
theory. 
toxophorous (toks-of'or-us) [toxin + Gr. ^epeip to 
bear]. Causing the combination of a toxin with 
the cells of an organism. 
toxophylaxin (toks"o-fi-laks'in) [Gr. to^lkov poison 
+ phylaxin]. Any phylaxin which destroys or 
counteracts the poisons produced by bacteria. See 
phylaxin. 
Toxoplasma (toks-o-plaz'mah). A genus of Haemo- 
sporidia. T. pyro'genes, a species in the form of 
oval or crescentic bodies found in the cells of the 
spleen in tropical splenomegaly (Castellani, 1913). 
See kala-azar. 
toxoprotein (toks-o-pro'te-in). A toxic protein or 
a mixture of a toxin and a protein. 
toxosozin (toks-o-so'zin) [toxin 4- sozin]. Any sozin 
which destroys the poisons produced by micro- 
organisms. See sozin. 
toxynon (toks'in-on). Sodium acetaminomercuric 
benzoate: used like mercury. 
Toynbee's corpuscles, experiment, law, etc. 
(toin'bez) [Joseph Toynbee, English aurist, 1815- 
1866]. See corpuscle, experiment, law, etc. 
T. P. An abbreviation for tuberculin precipitation. 
See Calmette's tuberculin, under tuberculin. 
T. R. An abbreviation for Tuberculin R, or new 
tuberculin. See tuberculin. 
Tr., tr. An abbreviation for tincture. 
trabal (tra'bal). Pertaining to the trabs. 
trabecula (tra-bek'u-lah), pl. trabec'ulce [L.]. A 
septum which extends from an envelop into the 
inclosed substance, forming, with other trabeculae, 
an essential part of the stroma of the various or- 
gans. t. car'neae [B N A]. Same as columna 
carnece. t. cer'ebri, the callosum, t. cine'- 
rea, the gray, soft, or middle commissure of the 
cerebrum, t. corpo'rum cavernoso'rum, the 
trabeculae of the corpora cavernosa of the penis, 
t. cra'nii, Rathke's t., a pair of longitudinal 
cranial bars of cartilage in the embryo, bounding 
the pituitary space, which become the sella turcica. 
trabecular (tra-bek'u-lar). Pertaining to a tra- 
becula. 
trabecular ism (tra-bek'u-lar-izm). The condi- 
tion of having a trabecular structure. 
trabeculate (tra-bek'u-lat) [L. trabec'ula a small 
beam or bar]. Marked with cross-bars. 
trabeculation (tra-bek-u-la'shun). The forma- 
tion of trabeculae in a part. 
trabs (trabz) [L. for "beam"]. The corpus callo- 
sum. Called also trabs cerebri. 
trace, primitive (tras). See primitive streak, under 
streak. 
tracer (tra'ser). A dissecting instrument for iso- 
lating vessels and nerves. 
trachea (tra'ke-ah) [L.; Gr. Tpaxcia rough]. The 
wind-pipe; the cartilaginous and membranous tube 
descending from the larynx to the bronchi, t. 
retractor, an instrument for holding back the 
edges of the slit trachea during surgical opera- 
tions. scabbard t., a trachea which is flattened 
by approximation of its lateral walls. 
TOXONOID 
1968 
tracheaectasy (tra"ke-ah-ek'tas-e) [Gr. rpaxeia 
trachea + Mraais extension]. Dilatation of the 
trachea. 
tracheal (tra'ke-al) [L. trachea'lis], Pertaining to 
the trachea. 
trachealgia (tra-ke-al'je-ah) [Gr. rpaxeia trachea 
+ aXyos pain]. Pain in the trachea. 
trachealis (tra-ke-a'lis). See muscles, table of. 
tracheitis (tra-ke-i'tis) [Gr. rpaxeta trachea 4- 
-ins inflammation]. Inflammation of the trachea. 
trachelagra (tra-kel-ag'rah, tra-kel'ag-rah) [Gr. 
rpdx«Xos neck + ay pa seizure]. Gout in the neck, 
trachelectomopexy (trak"el-ek-tom'o-pek-se) [Gr. 
tpaxyXos neck 4- eKropr) excision 4* iritis fixation]. 
Partial excision and fixation of the neck of the 
uterus. 
trachelectomy (trak-el-ek'to-me) [Gr. rpax^Xos 
neck + ck out + repveiv to cut]. Excision of the 
cervix uteri. 
trachelematoma (trak"el-em-at-o'mah) [Gr. rpa- 
X^Xos neck + hematoma]. A hematoma seated 
on the sternomastoid muscle. 
trachelism, trachelismus (trak'el-izm, trak-el- 
iz'mus) [Gr. TpaxyXurpbs]. Spasm of the neck 
muscles; spasmodic retraction of the head in 
epilepsy. 
trachelitis (trak-el-i'tis) [Gr. rpax^Xos neck + -iris 
inflammation]. Same as cervicitis. 
trachelo-acromialis (trak-el"o-ak-ro-me-a'lis) 
[Gr. rpax'jXos neck + acromion]. An occasional 
muscle in man, arising from the occipital bone 
and inserted in the acromion of the scapula. 
trachelobregmatic (trak"el-o-breg-mat'ik) [Gr. 
TpdxyXos neck 4- fipeypa bregma]. Pertaining to 
the neck and the bregma. 
trachelocele (trak'el-o-sel). Same as tracneuu^. 
tracheloclavicularis (trak"el-o-klav-ik-u-la'ris). 
An occasional muscle arising from the cervical 
vertebra and inserted into the outer end of the 
clavicle. 
trachelocyllosis (trak"el-o-sil-o'sis) [Gr. rpdxv^ 
neck 4- KvXXwais crooking]. Torticollis. 
trachelocyrtosis (trak"el-o-sir-to'sis) [Gr. rpaxy- 
Xos neck 4- Kvprbs curved]. Same as trachelo- 
kyphosis. 
trachelocystitis (trak"el-o-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. rpax»?Xo$ 
neck 4- kvittls bladder 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the neck of the bladder. 
trachelodynia (trak-el-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. rpaxyXos 
neck 4- obvwr) pain]. Pain in the neck. 
trachelokyphosis (trak"el-o-ki-fo'sis) [Gr. rpaxv 
Xos neck + kv^wctis kyphosis]. Anterior curva- 
ture of the cervical portion of the spine. 
trachelologist (trak-el-ol'o-jist). One skilled in 
trachelology. 
trachelology (trak-el-ol'o-je) [Gr. rpaxyXos neck 
4- Xbyos treatise]. The study of the neck and its 
diseases and injuries. 
trachelomastoid (trak"el-o-mas'toid). See mus- 
cles, table of. 
trachelomyitis (trak"el-o-mi-i'tis) [Gr. rpax^Xos 
neck 4- pus muscle 4- -iris inflammation]. In- 
flammation of the muscles of the neck. 
trachelo-occipitalis (trak"el-o-ok-sip-it-a'lis). 
The complexus muscle. 
trachelopexia (trak"el-o-peks'e-ah). Trachelo- 
pexy. 
trachelopexy (trak'el-o-peks-e) [Gr. rpax^Xos neck 
4- fixation]. Surgical fixation of the neck 
of the uterus to some other part. 
tracheloplasty (trak'el-o-plas-te) [Gr. rpax^Xos 
neck 4- TrXaaaei.i' to mold]. The plastic surgery 
of the uterine neck; surgical repair of defects 
of the neck of the uterus. 
trachelorrhaphy (trak-el-or'a-fe) [Gr. rpax^Xos 
neck 4- pa<pr) suture]. The suturation of the 
lacerated cervix uteri. 
TRACHELORRHAPHY TRACHELOSCHISIS 
1169 
TRACT 
tracheloschisis (tra-kel-os'kis-is) [Gr. rpax^Xos 
neck + ax^is fissure]. Congenital fissure of the 
neck. 
trachelosyringorrhaphy (tra"kel-o-si-ring-or'- 
af-e) [Gr. rpaxv^os neck + avpiy^ pipe 4- 
paipf) suture]. Trachelorrhaphy for fistula of the 
vagina. 
trachelotomy (trak-el-ot'o-me) [Gr. rpax^Xos neck 
+ repuetv to cut]. The surgical cutting of the 
uterine neck. 
tracheo-aerocele (tra"ke-o-a-er'o-sel) [Gr. rpa- 
Xfia trachea + aijp air + Kr)Xy hernia]. A tracheal 
hernia containing air. 
tracheobronchial (tra"ke-o-brong'ke-al). Per- 
taining to the trachea and bronchi. 
tracheobronchitis (tra"ke-o-brong-ki'tis). In- 
flammation of the trachea and bronchi. 
tracheobronchoscopy (tra"ke-o-bron-kos'ko-pe). 
Inspection of the interior of the trachea and 
bronchi. 
tracheocele (tra'ke-o-sel) [Gr. rpaxeia trachea + 
KrjXrj hernia]. Hernial protrusion of the tracheal 
mucous membrane. 
tracheo-esophageal (tra"ke-o-e-so-faj'e-al). Per- 
taining to the trachea and esophagus. 
tracheofistulization (tra"ke-o-fis-tu-liz-a'shun). 
Intratracheal medication by means of puncture 
needles or cannulas. 
tracheolaryngeal (tra"ke-o-lar-in'je-al). Per- 
taining to the trachea and larynx. 
tracheolaryngotomy (tra"ke-o-lar-in-got'o-me) 
[tracheotomy + laryngotomy], Incision of the 
trachea and larynx. 
tracheopathia (tra-ke-o-path'e-ah) [trachea + Gr. 
-raDos disease]. Disease of the trachea, t. osteo- 
plas'tica, a condition marked by the formation of 
a bony and cartilaginous deposit in the tracheal 
mucosa. 
tracheopathy (tra-ke-op'ath-e). Tracheopathia. 
tracheopharyngeal (tra"ke-o-far-in'je-al). Per- 
taining to the trachea and pharynx. 
tracheophonesis (tra"ke-o-fo-ne'sis) [Gr. rpaxeia 
trachea + ipaivriais sounding]. Auscultation of 
the heart at the sternal notch. 
tracheophony (tra-ke-of'o-ne) [Gr. rpaxeia trachea 
+ ifuif voice]. A sound heard in auscultation 
over the trachea. 
tracheoplasty (tra'ke-o-plas-te) [Gr. rpaxeia. 
trachea + ir\aaaei.v to mold]. Plastic opera- 
tions upon the trachea. 
tracheopyosis (tra"ke-o-pi-o'sis) [Gr. rpaxela 
trachea + ttvov pus]. Purulent tracheitis. 
tracheorrhagia (tra"ke-o-ra'je-ah) [Gr. rpaxeia 
trachea + pToyubvai to burst forth]. Hemor- 
rhage from the trachea. 
tracheoschisis (tra-ke-os'kis-is) [Gr. rpaxela 
trachea + ax^is fissure]. Fissure of the trachea. 
tracheoscopic (tra"ke-o-skop'ik). Pertaining to 
or of the character of tracheoscopy. 
tracheoscopy (tra-ke-os'ko-pe) [Gr. rpax^a. 
trachea + aKoireiv to view]. The inspection of 
the interior of the trachea. 
tracheostenosis (tra"ke-o-sten-o'sis) [Gr. rpax«a 
trachea + arevaxns stenosis]. Contraction or 
narrowing of the trachea. 
tracheostomy (tra-ke-os'to-me) [Gr. rpaxeca 
trachea + aropa mouth]. The operative forma- 
tion of an opening into the trachea through the 
neck. 
tracheotome (tra'ke-o-tom) [Gr. rpaxeia trachea 
+ repuew to cut]. An instrument for use in in- 
cising the trachea. 
tracheotomize (tra-ke-ot'o-miz). To perform 
tracheotomy upon. 
tracheotomy (tra-ke-ot'o-me) [Gr. rpaxeia trachea 
+ repve.e to cut]. The formation of an artificial 
opening into the trachea; the operation of cutting 
into the trachea, inferior t., that which is per- 
formed below the isthmus of the thyroid, supe- 
rior t., that in which an opening is made above 
the isthmus of the thyroid, t.-tube, a curved 
tube of metal for insertion into the incision made 
by tracheotomy. 
trachitis (trak-i'tis) [Gr. rpax«?a trachea + -ins 
inflammation]. Inflammation of the trachea. 
trachoma (trak'o-mah), pl. tracho'mata [Gr. rpa- 
Xwpa]. i. Contagious granular conjunctivitis, 
or granular lids; a disease of the conjunctiva at- 
tended by the formation of small elevations on the 
conjunctiva of the lids and by atrophy, cica- 
tricial contraction, and deformity of the lids. 2. 
Kraurosis vulvae. Arlt's t., granular conjuncti- 
vitis; trachoma, t. bodies. See body, brawny 
t., general lymphoid infiltration of the con- 
junctiva without granulation, t. defor'mans, 
vulvitis with cicatricial deformity, diffuse t., 
a form with large-sized granulations, follicular 
t., granular t., a form in which there are 
sago-like elevations on the conjunctiva of the 
lids, papillary t., that in which there are red, 
papillary growths on the lids. Tiirck's t., 
laryngitis sicca, t. of vocal bands, develop- 
ment of nodular swellings on the vocal cords, t. 
vul'vse, kraurosis vulvas. 
trachomatous (trak-o'mat-us). Pertaining to, 
affected with, or of the nature of, trachoma. 
trachychromatic (trak"e-kro-mat 'ik) [Gr. rpaxvs 
rough -|- xpwpa color]. Strongly or deeply stain- 
ing. 
trachyphonia (trak-if-o'ne-ah) [Gr. rpaxvs rough 
+ ipwi) voice]. Roughness of the voice. 
tract (trakt) [L. trac'tus]. A region, principally 
one of some length; especially one in the nervous 
system. These tracts are principally made up of 
white, fibrous matter, alimentary t., the ali- 
mentary canal, or passage from the mouth to the 
anus. Called also digestive t. ascending t's. 
tracts of the nervous system that become affected 
with ascending degeneration after injury of any 
part of the tract or its connections, ascending 
anterolateral t., ascending ventrolateral 
t., one of the tracts which persist throughout 
the entire length of the myelon. association 
t., a band of nerve-fibers connecting various 
parts of the same cerebral hemisphere. Bech- 
terew's t., a part of the tegmentum connecting 
the fillet and the mesial aspect of the superior 
olive, bulbar t., any of the tracts of the medulla 
oblongata, bulbospinal t. Same as vestibulo- 
spinal t. Burdach's t., the cuneate fasciculus. 
See under fasciculus, central tegmental 
tract. See tegmental t., central, cerebello- 
rubrospinal t., the nerve tract comprised be- 
tween the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and 
the red nucleus of the opposite side, cerebello- 
spinal t. Same as vestibulospinal t. Ciaglin- 
ski's t., a sensory tract of fibers in the gray com- 
missure, between the ventral border of the posterior 
columns and the central canal: supposed to conduct 
sensations of pain and heat. Collier's t., the 
tegmental part of the median longitudinal tract, 
comma-t., a tract shaped like a comma (,), situ- 
ated along the middle of the anterior portion of the 
postero-external column of the spinal cord, cona- 
riohypophyseal t., a portion of the cavity of 
the embryonic brain connecting the pineal 
body and the pituitary body, cornucommis- 
sural t., a tract in the anterior part of the 
posterior column of the cord, extending through 
the sacral and lumbar regions, corticospinal t. 
Same as pyramidal t. crossed marginal 
t. See Lissauer's t. crossed pyramidal 
t. See under pyramidal t. Deiters' t. Same 
as vestibulospinal t. descending t., any 
bundle of nerve-fibers which convey impulses to- 
ward the periphery, descending anterolat- 
eral t., descending ventrolateral t., a tract 
passing throughout the length of the myelon. 
descending comma-t., a narrow zone near the TRACT 
1170 
TRAGACANTH 
center of the column of Burdach. digestive t., 
the alimentary canal, direct cerebellar t., an 
ascending tract of fibers at the periphery of the 
posterior portion of the lateral column of the cord, 
direct pyramidal t. Same as the column of 
Turek, direct sensory t., a band of fibers pass- 
ing from near the globose nucleus of the cerebellum 
to the outer wall of the fourth ventricle, dorso- 
lateral t., direct cerebellar t., direct 
lateral t., one of the ascending or sensory tracts 
of the spinal cord, dorsomedian t., the column 
of Goll, epicerebral lymph-t's, lymph-tracts 
between the pia and the surface of the brain, 
fillet t., the continuation of Gowers' tract to the 
outside of the fillet, fillet t., lateral, a tract 
leaving the lateral fillet at the level of the motor 
nucleus of the fifth nerve, situated between the 
nucleus and the superior olivary body on the mesial 
side of the motor root. Flechsig's t., the 
anterior ground-bundle of the spinal cord; with the 
direct pyramidal tract it makes up the anterior 
column of the spinal cord. Called also principal t. 
Foville's t., the direct cerebellar tract of the 
spinal cord, frontopontine t., a tract of fibers 
arising from the pons varolii, and extending ante- 
riorly to form part of the cerebral peduncle, 
genito-urinary t., the genito-urinary organs 
in continuity. Goll's t., fasciculus gracilis. 
Gowers' t. 1. A tract contained within the 
lateral medullary tract, and believed to ter- 
minate in the lateral nuclei of the oblongata. 
2. One of the ascending or sensory tracts of the 
spinal cord, habenular t., a tract of fibers 
passing from the habenula to the mesial side of the 
red nucleus. Helweg'st. Same as olivospinal t. 
intermediolateral t., the intermediate process 
of Gowers; the lateral gray cornu of the cord, 
internuncial t., a fiber tract connecting 
two nuclei or centers, lateral medullary 
t., a fillet in the most lateral portion of the 
reticular field. Lissauer's t., a narrow zone 
of white substance between the periphery of 
the spinal cord and its dorsal horn. Called 
also Spitzka's t. and marginal bundle. Lowen- 
thal's t. See tectospinal t. lymph-t., a lymph- 
space, or system of lymph-spaces, as in the brain. 
Marchi's t. Same as Lowenthal's t. marginal 
t., crossed. Same as Lissauer's t. mesen- 
cephalospinal t. Same as prepyramidal t. 
mixed lateral t., a tract of the spinal cord be- 
lieved to contain both motor and sensory ele- 
ments. Monakow's t., the prepyramidal tract, 
motor t., the path of a motor impulse going from 
the brain to a muscle, olfactory t., the narrow 
portion of the olfactory lobe of the brain; the rhi- 
nencephalon. olivospinal t., a crossed tract de- 
scending from the inferior olivary body of the 
medulla oblongata to the lower cervical or upper 
thoracic segments of the spinal cord. Called also 
triangular tract and Helwig's bundle, ophthalmic 
t., optic t., the fibers between the visual centers 
and the optic chiasm, optic t., intracerebral. 
See sagittal medullary t. t. of Philippe-Gom- 
bault. See triangular t. prepyramidal t., 
one of the descending tracts of the anterolateral 
column, running from the red nucleus through the 
lateral column of the spinal cord as far as the sacral 
portion. It forms a triangular area in the lateral 
columns, between the crossed pyramidal tract and 
the tract of Gowers. Called also Monakow's 
bundle, fasciculus intermediolateralis, and rubro- 
spinal t. principal t. See Flechsig's t. pyra- 
midal t., the continuation in the spinal cord of 
the ventral pyramids of the oblongata, forming 
the great pathway of motor influences in the 
crustal portion of the crura and pons, pyra- 
midal t., crossed, a motor or descending 
tract in the lateral columns of the spinal cord, 
pyramido-anterior t. Same as column of 
Turek, pyramidolateral t., the crossed py- 
ramidal tract, respiratory t., the respiratory 
organs in continuity, rubrospinal t. Same as 
prepyramidal t. sagittal t., sagittal medul- 
lary t.» a tract of the brain coming from the 
posterior third of the posterior limit of the in- 
ternal capsule. Called also intracerebral optic t. 
Schultze's t. Same as comma-t. semilunar 
t., a tract of nerve-fibers in the white matter of the 
cerebellar hemisphere, sensory t., any tract of 
nerve-fibers conveying sensory impulses, septo- 
marginal t. See Flechsig's t. t. solita'rius. 
See fasciculus solilarius. spinomuscular t., 
the motor cells of the oblongata and those of the 
spinal cord, and the nerve-fibers which originate 
in them, spino-olivary t. Same as olivo- 
spinal t. Spitzka's t. Same as Lissauer's t. 
sulcomarginal t. Same as tectospinal t. 
sylvian t., the region of the brain about the 
sylvian fissure, tectospinal t., one of the de- 
scending tracts of the spinal cord extending from 
the tectum of the midbrain on one side, decussating, 
and passing down through the oblongata into the 
spinal cord. Called also predorsal bundle, sulco- 
marginal trad, tract of Lowenthal, and Held's bundle. 
tegmental t., a tract of fibers in the tegmen inn, 
back of the superior olivary body, believed to con- 
nect the latter with the midbrain, tegmental t., 
central, a tract that begins near the dorsal acces- 
sory nucleus and passes cephalad in the mid- 
tegmentum. temporocentral t., the structure 
that connects the temporal lobe with the central 
convolution, temporocerebellar t., a tract 
of white fibers from the cortex of the temporal 
lobe to the cortex of the frontal lobe, tem- 
porofrontal t., the structure which con- 
nects the temporal and frontal lobes. tem- 
poropontine t. Same as Turek's bundle, 
under bundle, triangular t. See olivospinal t. 
triangular t. of Philippe-Gombault, a 
small strand of intersegmental fibers at the dorso- 
mesal angle of the dorsal white column of the spinal 
cord in the sacral portion. Turek's direct 
pyramidal t., a descending motor tract in the 
ventral region of the myelon. urinary t., the 
passage from the kidney to the urinary meatus, 
uveal t., the iris, ciliary body, and choroid con- 
sidered together, vestibulospinal t., a tract of 
fibers in the anterolateral ground-bundle of the cord 
in front of the prepyramidal tract. 
tractate (trak'tat). To attract or to tend to come 
together. 
tractellum (trak-tel'um), pl. tractel'la [L.]. An 
anterior locomotive flagellum. 
traction (trak'shun) [L. trac'tio]. The act of draw- 
ing. t.-aneurysm, an aneurysm produced by 
traction on the aorta by a duct of Bota Hi that is 
incompletely atrophied, axis-t., traction along 
an axis, as of the pelvis in obstetrics, t.-diver- 
ticulum. See diverticulum, elastic t., trac- 
tion by an elastic force or by means of an elastic 
appliance. 
tractor (trak'tor) [L. "drawer"], i. An instrument 
for making traction. 2. A metallic appliance for- 
merly drawn across the skin in the attempted cure 
of various disorders. Known also as Perkins'-t. 
Syms' t., a tube with an inflatable rubber bag 
at the end: used to bring down a prostate into the 
perineal incision. 
tractoration (trak-tor-a'shun). An obsolete form 
of metallotherapy; the treatment of disease by 
metallic tractors; perkinism. 
tractus (trak'tus). Latin for tract, t. centra'lis, 
any central tract, t. iliotibia'lis [B N A], the 
iliotibial band. t. olfacto'rius [B N A], olfac- 
tory tract, t. op'ticus [B N A], the optic tract, 
t. solita'rius [B N A], the solitary fasciculus. 
See fasciculus, t. spira'lis foraminulen'tus, 
the macula cibrosa quarta. t. spira'lis ner'vi 
trigem'ini [B N A], the ascending root of the 
trigeminal nerve. 
tragacanth (trag'ak-anth) [Gr. r pay os goat 4- 
aKavOa thorn]. A gum exuding from various spe- 
cies of Astraga'lus, a shrub of the order Legumino' see. 
Mixed with water it forms a gelatinous mass TRAGAL 
1171 
(mucila'go tragacan'thee) that is used to suspend 
insoluble powders. It is also used as an emollient 
and in the preparation of troches. Dose of pul'vis 
tragacan'thee compos'itus (which contains also sugar 
and gum arabic), 30 gr.-i dr. (2-4 gm.). Glyceri'- 
num tragacan'thee is also prepared. 
tragal (tra'gal). Pertaining to the tragus. 
tragi (tra'gi). [B N A] The hairs at the opening of 
the external auditory meatus. 
Tragia (tra'je-ah). A genus of poisonous euphor- 
biaceous plants: several species (T. u'rens, etc.) 
are weeds of the southern United States. 
tragicus (traj'ik-us). See muscles, table of. 
tragomaschalia (trag"o-mas-kal'e-ah) [Gr. rpayos 
goat + paax^V axilla]. Odorous perspiration 
from the axilla. 
tragophonia (trag-o-fo'ne-ah). Tragophony. 
tragophony (tra-gof'o-ne) [Gr. tpayos goat + 
voice]. Same as egophony. 
tragopodia (trag-o-po'de-ah) [Gr. Tpayos goat + 
Trons foot]. Knock-knee. 
tragus (tra'gus) [L.; Gr. t pay os goat]. 1. The car- 
tilaginous projection before the external meatus 
of the ear. 2. [B N A] Singular of tragi. 
train (tran). A continuous line of railway carriages 
drawn by a locomotive, hospital t., army 
medical rolling stock consisting of a train of ten 
railway cars (eight for patients), with definite per- 
sonnel and material, for transportation of sick and 
wounded from the line of communications to the 
interior, sanitary t., an army medical organiza- 
tion composed of camp infirmaries, ambulence com- 
panies, and field hospitals commanded by a divi- 
sion surgeon. 
trait (trat). In heredity, the same as character. 
trajector (traj-ek'tor). An instrument for locating 
a bullet in a wound. 
trance (trans). A profound or abnormal sleep, 
from which the patient cannot be aroused easily, 
and not due to organic disease. Voluntary move- 
ment is lost, though sensibility and consciousness 
may remain. It is usually due to hysteria, and 
may be induced by hypnotism, t.-coma, hyp- 
notic lethargy. death-t., that in which the 
patient appears to be dead, hysteric t., trance 
occurring as a symptom of hysteria, induced t., 
that which is mainly due to hysteria, but may be 
caused by hypnotism. 
transanimation (trans-an-im-a'shun) [L. trans 
across + an'ima breath]. Resuscitation of a still- 
born infant. 
transaudient (trans-aw'de-ent). Permitting the 
passage of sound-waves. 
transcalent (trans-ka'lent) [L. trans through 4- 
ca'lere to be hot]. Permitting the passage of radiant 
heat. 
transcondomoscopy (trans-kon-dom-os'ko-pe). 
Cystoscopy or endoscopy in which the instrument 
is introduced into the middle of a condom which 
has been pushed into the organ and filled with salt 
solution. 
transcondyloid (trans-kon'dil-oid). Through the 
condyles. 
transcortical (trans-kor'tik-al). Connecting two 
different parts of the cerebral cortex; also de- 
pendent on disease of the tracts connecting differ- 
ent parts of the cerebral cortex. 
transdermic (tranz-der'mik) [L. trans through + 
der'ma skin]. Passed through the skin. 
transection (trans-ek'shun) [L. trans across + 
sec'tio a cut]. A section made across a long axis; 
a cross-section. 
transfer, transference (trans'fer, trans'fer-ens) 
[L. trans across + feidre to carry]. The passage 
or conveyance of a symptom or affection from one 
part to another; a kind of metastasis. 
transfix (trans'fiks) [L. trans across + fig'ere to 
fix]. To pierce through and through. 
transfixion (trans-fiks'shun). A cutting through, 
as in amputation. 
transforation (trans-for-a'shun) [L. trans across 
4- fora're to pierce]. The perforation or piercing 
of the fetal skull. 
transforator (trans'for-a-tor). An instrument for 
making a transforation. 
transformation (trans-for-ma'shun) [L. trans 
across + forma'lio formation]. Change of form 
or structure; degeneration. 
transfusion (trans-fu'zhun) [L. transfu' sio\. The 
transfer of blood from one person to another; 
the introduction of blood from the vessels of 
another person; also the introduction into the 
blood-vessels of any substance, as saline solution, 
arterial t., the transfer of arterial blood, direct 
t., immediate t., the transfer of blood from one 
person to another without exposing it to the air. 
indirect t., mediate t., the transfer of blood 
from a cup to a blood-vessel, peritoneal t., 
the introduction of blood-serum, salt solution, or 
the like, into the peritoneal cavity, reciprocal 
t., transfusion in which blood is transferred from 
a person who has recovered from a contagious 
fever into the vessels of a person affected with 
the same fever, and the return of an equal amount 
of blood from the patient to the well person, 
subcutaneous t., the introduction of a con- 
siderable quantity of fluid into the subcutaneous 
tissue, vaccinating t., transfusion of blood into 
a patient ill with an infectious disease, the donor 
being a person who has recently recovered from the 
disease, and probably possesses a high grade of 
immunity, venous t., the transfer of blood to a 
vein. 
transic (trans'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
trance. 
transiliac (trans-il'e-ak). Across or between two 
ilia. 
transilient (trans-il'e-ent) [L. trans across + sa- 
li're to leap]. Leaping or passing across. 
transillumination (trans"il-u-min-a'shun) [L. 
trans across + illumination]. The inspection 
of the interior of a cavity by means of a strong 
light made to pass through its walls; the inside 
of some of the body-cavities may also be made 
visible by means of the Rontgen rays. 
transinsular (trans-in'su-lar). Across the in- 
sula; crossing the insula. 
transischiac (trans-is'ke-ak). Between the two 
ischia. 
transisthmian (tranz-is'me-an). Across an 
isthmus, especially the isthmus of the gyrus for- 
nicatus. 
transitional epithelium (trans-ish'un-al). See 
epithelium. 
transition-zone (trans-ish'un). See zone. 
translation (trans-la'shun) [L. trans across + 
fefre to bear]. A removal or change of place. 
translucent (trans-lu'sent) [L. trans across + 
lu'cens shining]. Somewhat transparent; diaph- 
anous. 
transmigration (trans-mig-ra'shun) [L. trans 
across + migra'tio migration], i. A wandering; 
especially a change of place from one side of the 
body to the other. 2. Diapedesis. external t., 
the passage of an ovum from one ovary to the tube 
of the other side without going through its own 
oviduct, internal t., the passage of an ovum 
from one oviduct to the other by way of the uterus. 
transmission (trans-mish'un) [L. trans across + 
mis'sio a sending]. A transfer, as of a disease; the 
communication of inheritable qualities to off- 
spring. duplex t., the transmission of nervous 
impulses in two directions along a nerve. 
transnormal (trans-nor'mal). More than normal, 
transocular (trans-ok'u-lar) [L. trans across + 
oc'ulus eye]. Across the eye. 
TRANSOCULAR TRANSONANCE 
1172 
TRAUMATOPATHY 
transonance (tran'so-nans) [L. trans across + 
so'nans sounding]. Transmission of a sound 
formed in one organ through the substance of 
another organ. 
transparent (trans-par'ent) [L. trans through 4- 
pa'rere to appear]. Permitting the passage of 
rays of light, so that objects may be seen through 
the substance. 
transperitoneal (trans"per-it-o-ne'al). Crossing 
the peritoneum; across the peritoneum. 
transpinalis (trans-pi-na'lis). Any one of the mus- 
cles connecting the transverse processes of the 
vertebrae. 
transpirable (trans-pi'rab-1) [L. trans through 
4- spira're to exhale]. Permitting the passage of 
perspiration. 
transpiration (trans-pi-ra'shun) [L. trans through 
4- spira'tio exhalation]. The discharge of air, 
sweat, or vapor through the skin, pulmonary 
t., the exhalation of water-vapor from the blood 
circulating through the lungs. 
transplantar (trans-plan'tar) [L. trans across 4- 
plan'ta sole]. Across the sole. 
transplantation (trans-plan-ta'shun) [L. trans 
across 4- planta're to plant]. The grafting of 
tissues taken from the same body or from another. 
See graft, syngenesioplastic t. See syngenesio- 
plastic. tendon t., the operation of inserting 
a piece from the tendon of a sound muscle into the 
tendon of a paralyzed muscle. 
transpleural (trans-plu'ral). Across the pleural sac. 
transport (trans'port). 1. The removal of fat from 
the fat depots to the cells; the process of infiltra- 
tion with fat. 2. A vessel used for the conveyance 
of soldiers; a troop-ship. 
transposition (trans-po-zish'un) [L. trans across 
4- posi'tio placement]. 1. Displacement of a 
viscus to the opposite side. 2. The operation of 
carrying a tissue-flap from one situation to another 
without severing its connection entirely until it 
is united at its new location. 
transsection (trans-sek'shun). Transection. 
transsegmental (trans-seg-men'tal). Extending 
across a segment of a limb. 
transseptal (trans-sep'tal). Across or on the other 
side of a septum. 
transtemporal (trans-tem'por-al). Crossing the 
temporal lobe. 
transthalamic (trans-thal'am-ik). Crossing the 
optic thalamus. 
transthermia (trans-ther'me-ah) [L. trans through 
4- Gr. deppt] heat]. Thermopenetration. 
transthoracic (trans-tho-ras'ik). Through the 
thorax. 
transthoracotomy (trans-tho-rak-ot'o-me) [L. 
trans across 4* thorax 4- Gr. to pi] a cut]. The 
operation of cutting across the thorax. 
transubstantiation (trans"ub-stan-she-a'shun) 
[L. trans across 4- substan'tia substance]. The 
substitution of one tissue by another. 
transudate (trans'u-dat) [L. trans through 4- 
suda're to sweat]. Any substance which has 
passed through a membrane. 
transudation (trans-u-da'shun) [L. transuda'tio]. 
The passage of serum or other fluid through a 
membrane. 
transvaginal (trans-vaj'in-al). By way of the 
vagina. 
transversalis (trans-ver-sa'lis) [L. trans across 4- 
ver'tere, ve/sum to turn]. See muscles, table of. 
transverse (trans-vers') [L. transver1 sus]. Placed 
crosswise. 
transversectomy (trans-ver-sek'to-me) [transverse 
4* Gr. eKTopi) excision]. Surgical removal of the 
transverse process of a vertebra. 
transversion (trans-ver'zhun). The condition of a 
tooth when it is displaced from its proper numeric 
position in the jaw. 
transverso-analis (trans-ver"so-a-na'lis). The 
transversus perinei muscle. 
transversocostal (trans-ver"so-kos'tal). Costo- 
transverse. 
transversospinalis (trans-ver" so-spi-na'lis). A 
series of muscular structures forming the deeper 
layer of the extensor dorsi communis muscle. 
transverso-urethralis (trans-ver"so-u-re-thra'- 
lis). The transverse fibers of the sphincter urethrae 
muscle. 
transversus (trans-ve/sus). See muscles, table of. 
transvestite (trans-ves'tit) [L. trans over 4- vesti'- 
tus clothed]. A person who dresses in the clothes 
of the opposite sex. 
transvestitism (tranz-ves'tit-izm) [L. transvestite]. 
A perversion in which the patient dresses in the 
clothes of the opposite sex. 
trapezial (trap-e'ze-al). Pertaining to a trapezium, 
trapeziform (trap-ez'if-orm). Trapezoid. 
trapeziometacarpal (trap-e"ze-o-met-ah-kar'pal). 
Connecting the trapezium and metacarpus. 
trapezium (trap-e'ze-um) [L.; Gr. t parrel cop]. I. 
The first carpal bone on the thumb side of the 
distal row. 2. A transverse band of fibers in 
the lower part of the pons, surrounding the superior 
olivary nucleus. 3. The central white matter of 
the cerebellum. 
trapezius (trap-e'ze-us), pl. trapezii [L.]. See 
muscles, table of. 
trapezoid (trap'ez-oid) [L. trapezoid' es-, Gr. rpaire- 
(oeLbys table-shaped]. Having the shape of a four- 
sided solid, with two sides parallel and two diverg- 
ing. t. bone (or t.), the second carpal bone on 
the thumb side of the distal row. 
trappistine (trap-is-ten') [made by clerics of the 
order of Trappists], A liqueur or cordial made in 
France: said to be stomachic. 
Trapp's coefficient, formula (traps) [Russian 
pharmacist, 1815-1908]. See coefficient, formula. 
trash (trash). The trade name for powdered 
poppy-leaves and stalks in which Bengal opium 
is packed for shipment. 
Traube's curves, space (trow'bez) [Ludwig 
Traube, German physician, 1818-1876]. See 
under curve and space. 
trauma (traw'mah), pl. trau'mata [L.; Gr. rpavpa 
wound]. A wound or injury, actual t., in den- 
tistry, an actual alteration of tissue produced by 
dental dysharmony. potential t., a dental 
dysharmony which has not yet produced altera- 
tion of tissue, but may do so at any time, psychic 
t., an emotional shock that makes a lasting im- 
pression on the mind, especially the subconscious 
mind. 
traumasthenia (traw-mas-the'ne-ah) [Gr. rpavpa 
wound + a priv + ad epos strength]. Traumatic 
neurasthenia. 
traumatic (traw-mat'ik) [Gr. rpaugariKos]. Of, or 
pertaining to, or caused by, an injury. 
traumaticin (traw-mat'is-in) [Gr. rpavpa wound]. 
A 10 per cent, solution of gutta-percha in chloro- 
form: used as a vehicle for the cutaneous adminis- 
tration of medicines. 
traumatism (traw'mat-izm) [Gr. Tpavpanapos]. 1. 
A condition of the system due to an injury or 
wound. 2. A wound. 
traumatocace (traw-mat-ok'as-e) [Gr. rpavpa 
wound 4- Kaier) badness]. Traumatic gangrene. 
traumatocomium (traw"mat-o-ko'me-um). A 
hospital for wounded. 
traumatol (traw'mat-ol). Same as iodocresol. 
traumatology (traw-mat-ol'o-je) [Gr. rpavpa. 
wound + Xoyos knowledge]. A scientific view 
of wounds and disability from injuries. 
traumatonesis (traw-mat-on'e-sis). Suture of a 
wound. 
traumatopathy (traw-mat-op'ath-e) [Gr. rpavpa 
wound + nados disease]. Any disease due to 
wound or injury. TRAUMATOPNEA 
1173 
TREATMENT 
traumatopnea, traumatopnoea (traw"mat-op- 
ne'ah) [Gr. rpavpa wound + irvoi-q breath]. The 
passage of air in and out of a wound in the chest- 
wall. 
traumatopyra (traw"mat-o-pi'rah) [Gr. rpavpa 
wound + wvp fever]. Traumatic fever. 
traumatosis (traw-mat-o'sis). Traumatism. 
traumatropism (traw-mat'ro-pizm) [Gr. rpavpa 
wound + rpoiros turning]. The growth or move- 
ment of organisms in relation to injury. 
travel-sickness (trav'el-sik-nes). Same as car- 
sickness. 
travois (trah-vwah'). A stretcher for the wounded 
drawn hy a single animal, the rear end dragging 
upon the ground. 
treacle (tre'ak-1) [L. theri'aca], Molasses, or syr- 
upus fuscus. Venice t. See theriaca andromachi. 
tread (tred). Injury of the coronet of a horse's 
hoof, due to striking with the shoe of the opposite 
side. 
treatment (tret'ment). The management and 
care of a patient or the combating of his disorder. 
Abram's t., treatment of thoracic and abdominal 
aneurysm by percussing the seventh cervical spine, 
active t., that which is directed immediately 
to the cure of a disease or injury. Albertini's 
t., complete rest and abstinence from food in 
aneurysm of the aorta, albumose t., treatment 
of typhoid fever by the intravenous injection of 1 
c.c. of a 2-4 per cent, solution of deutero-albumose. 
Allen t., treatment of diabetes by certain days 
of fasting, followed by a restricted diet and at- 
tended by a careful determination of the quan- 
tity of food which the patient can consume with- 
out producing glycosuria and glycemia. Called 
also starvation t. antigen t., the production 
of active immunity by the injection of antigens, 
including bacteriotherapy, and the use of vaccine 
and tuberculins. Apostoli's t., the electric 
treatment of uterine disease, the positive pole 
being inserted into the uterus and the negative 
pole being applied externally, autoserosal- 
varsan t. See Swift-Ellis t. autoserous t., 
treatment of an infectious disease by inoculat- 
ing the patient with his own serum. Bacelli's 
t., treatment of tetanus by the intramuscular 
injection of carbolic acid, together with the 
use of enemata of chloral hydrate. Balfour's 
t., treatment of aneurysm by potassium iodid, 
which lowers the arterial blood tension and pro- 
duces contraction of the aneurysmal sac. Bant- 
ing t., treatment of obesity by a diet that is 
free from carbohydrate, but is rich in nitrogenous 
matters. Baunscheidt's t. See baunscheidt- 
ism. Beard's t., treatment of cancer by trypsin. 
Beauperthuy's t., treatment of leprosy 
with bichlorid of mercury. Bergeron's t., 
a method of treating tuberculosis of the lungs 
by injecting a mixture of hydrogen sulphid and 
carbon dioxid into the rectum. Bier's t. See 
Bier's hyperemia, under hyperemia. Bier's com- 
bined t., treatment of surgical tuberculosis by 
artificial hyperemia, heliotherapy, and iodids. 
Bird's t., treatment of bed-sore by mild galvanic 
currents. Blanchard's t., the procedure of 
plugging tuberculous bone cavities with a mixture 
of white wax and vaselin. Bluemel's t., treat- 
ment of morphin habit in which the patient is put to 
bed and morphin stopped entirely. He is put on a 
liquid diet and receives three or four cathartic 
courses consisting of 5 gr. of blue mass with 5 com- 
pound cathartic pills at intervals of eighteen hours. 
Some hours later he is given castor oil and receives 
from two to four intravenous infusions a day of 1000 
c.c. of 9 per cent, sodium chlorid solution. For first 
few days he is given chloral at bedtime to insure 
sleep. Boeck's t., the treatment of lupus vul- 
garis by applying a preparation of pyrogallic acid, 
resorcinol, salicylic acid, gelatin, and talc. Bou- 
chardat's t., treatment of diabetes by use of a 
diet that excludes substances rich in carbohydrates, 
as sugar, milk, etc. Brand t., a method of treat- 
ing fever by immersing the patient in a bath of the 
temperature of the room (from 65° to 70° F.) every 
three hours when the rectal temperature reaches 
102.20 F. The patient remains in the bath about 
fifteen minutes, during which time he is systemat- 
ically rubbed. He is then put back to bed and dried 
between the sheets. Before entering the bath he is 
given stimulants, and cold water is applied to the 
head and face. Brandt's t., treatment of dis- 
eases of the fallopian tubes by pressing out their 
contents into the uterus by massage. Brown- 
Sequard t. Same as organotherapy. Bulau's 
t., the use of siphon drainage in treating empyema. 
Calot t., treatment of Pott's disease by plaster 
jackets having an opening over the kyphos on 
which pressure is made by means of pads. 
Cantani's t., treatment of cholera by the re- 
peated injection into the bowel of a large quantity 
of water containing tannic acid and tincture of 
opium at a temperature of from ioo° to 104° F. 
Carosa t., treatment of puerperal sepsis by 
cleansing the uterine and vaginal tracts and in- 
jecting 50 to 75 per cent, alcohol into the uter- 
ine cavity. Carrel t., Carrel-Dakin t., 
treatment of wounds on the following general 
principles: A very thorough opening up of the 
wound, with removal of all foreign material, 
dead or lacerated tissue, etc.; careful cleansing 
of the wound; irrigation of the wound with Dakin's 
solution which has been modified with sodium bi- 
carbonate. The irrigation is repeated every two 
hours and is carried out by means of an arrange- 
ment of small elastic tubes connected with a single 
tube which is attached to an irrigating bottle. 
From the beginning of the treatment the beha- 
vior of the bacteria is determined by repeated ex- 
amination of smears made from every part of the 
wound. Castellani's t., treatment of elephantia- 
sis by complete rest in bed, bandaging with a flannel 
or rubber bandage, and daily injections of fibrolysin. 
causal t., treatment that is directed against the 
cause of a disease. Cervello's t., placing the 
Datient in an atmosphere filled with formalin 
vapor: for tuberculosis, cholin t., treatment of 
cancer by the intravenous injection of borate of 
cholin in connection with the use of radio-active 
substances. Cf. enzytol. Comby-Filatov t., 
the treatment of chorea with large doses of arsenic, 
conservative t., treatment designed to conserve 
the vital powers until clear indications develop; 
also conservative surgery. Cordier's t., treat- 
ment of sciatica by the injection of filtered air in the 
region of the sciatic nerve, curative t., active 
treatment designed to cure an existing disease. 
Dancel's t., a treatment of obesity by a diet con- 
taining as little water as possible. Debove's t., 
treatment of tuberculosis by a special form of 
forced feeding, dietetic t., treatment of disease 
by regulation of the diet, drug t., treatment with 
drugs, as distinguished from treatment with phys- 
ical means, such as diet, exercise, electricity, etc. 
Durante's t., treatment of surgical tuberculosis 
by injecting iodin into the lesion. Ebstein's 
t., treatment of obesity by a diet from which all 
carbohydrates are excluded, but in which nitrog- 
enous and fatty matters are included. Ehr- 
lich-Hata t. See salvarsan. empiric t., 
treatment by means that experience has proved 
to be beneficial. Etappen t., treatment of bow- 
legs and knock-knee by plaster-of-Paris bandage 
and corrective wedging, eventration t., ap- 
plication of x-rays to internal structures after 
opening the abdomen and bringing the malig- 
nant area to the edges of the wound, expectant 
t., that which leaves the cure mainly to nature, 
attempting little apart from relief of untoward 
symptoms. Called also symptomatic t. Ferrier's 
t., treatment of tuberculosis by giving lime salts, 
calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sodium 
chlorid, and calcined magnesia. Fichera's t., 
treatment of cancer by the hypodermic injection of 
autolyzed human fetal tissue. Fresh sterile human TREATMENT 
1174 
TREATMENT 
fetuses are ground up and placed in a flask of sterile 
physiologic salt solution in the proportion of 1 gm. 
of former to 20 cgm. of latter. Thymol or phenol 
is added and toluol is placed on top. The mixture 
is then incubated at 3.70 C. for two months. The 
emulsion is then ready for use. Finsen t., treat- 
ment of lupus vulgaris by the direct application of 
rays of sunlight or electric light. Fischer's t. 
See Fischer's solution, under solution. Flechsig's 
t., for epilepsy, consists in the use of opium, fol- 
lowed by bromids. Forlanini's t., the forma- 
tion of an artificial pneumothorax for the.treatment 
of pulmonary tuberculosis. Fournier's t., 
treatment of syphilis by administering mercury for 
two months, then stopping the mercury for a month 
or more. This is followed by a period of alternate 
administration and stopping of the mercury. 
Fowler-Murphy t. See Murphy's t. (2d 
def.). Frenkel's t. See Frenkel's movements, 
under movement. Friedmann t., treatment of 
tuberculosis by intravenous and intramuscular in- 
jection of living non-virulent tubercle bacilli from 
turtles. Girard t., treatment of seasickness by 
the administration, hypodermically or by mouth, 
of do gr. of atropin sulphate and gr. of strychnin 
sulphate. Guelpha t., treatment of gout, rheu- 
matism, and other auto-intoxications by fasting 
and free purging. Guinard's t., application 
of calcium carbid to ulcerating tumors. Hare's t., 
Anglo-Indian treatment of dysentery by rectal in- 
jections of hot water through a flexible tube passed 
above the sigmoid flexure. Heiser's t., treat- 
ment of leprosy by the injection of a mixture con- 
taining 60 c.c. of chaulmoogra oil, 60 c.c. of 
camphorated oil, and 4 gr. of resorcin. Huch- 
ard's t., treatment of dilatation of the stomach by 
a diet in which there is a strict limitation of the 
liquid element, hygienic t., that in which the 
treatment mainly employed is directed to the 
restoration or maintenance of hygienic conditions. 
Jacquet's biokinetic t., active gymnastics of 
the hand and fingers. Karell t., treatment of 
heart and kidney disease by keeping the patient in 
bed and giving only 800 c.c. of milk daily for four 
or five days, the diet then being gradually in- 
creased until, on the thirteenth day, the regular 
diet is resumed. Kaufmann's t., treatment of 
psychoneurosis by the application of powerful elec- 
tric shocks and the giving of loud military orders 
to perform certain exercises. Keating-Hart t. 
See /ulguration. Killgren t., a system of med- 
ical gymnastics combined with passive exercise, 
friction, and vibrations, and laying special em- 
phasis on the mechanical treatment of the nerves. 
Kittel's t., massage and manipulation for the 
dispersion of the uratic deposits in gouty joints. 
Klapp's creeping t., treatment of scoliosis by 
having the patients creep about on the floor, with 
exaggerated movements of the spine, klopfen t., 
a method of treating pulmonary tuberculosis by 
slapping the surface of the chest with a silver paper- 
cutter. Koga t., treatment of thrombo-angiitis 
obliterans by diluting the blood by hypodermoclysis 
with normal salt solution. Koranyi's t., treat- 
ment of leukemia by the use of benzol (benzene). 
Kromayer's t., treatment of syphilis by the in- 
halation of very finely divided mercury. Lambot- 
te's t., a method of extension in fractures of 
the extremities by means of an extensible 
steel frame fastened to the bone by steel pegs. 
Lancereaux's t., treatment of internal aneurysm 
by injecting glycerin subcutaneously. Lander- 
er's t., injections of cinnamic acid for tuberculosis. 
La Porte t., the treatment of chronic osteomy- 
elitis by application over the infected areas of 
aluminum potassium nitrate in an oatmeal poultice. 
Larat's t., treatment of diphtheric paralysis 
of the palate by faradism. Lenhartz t., 
treatment of gastric ulcer by feeding with an 
abundant diet, chiefly of proteins, given on the 
principle that the excess of acid is thereby neutral- 
ized and the healing of the ulcer facilitated. With 
the diet is combined absolute rest in bed. Leube 
t., treatment of gastric ulcer by rest in bed, the 
daily use of lukewarm saline laxatives, the applica- 
tion of hot poultices and Preissnitz compresses to 
the abdomen, and a diet mainly of milk in increas- 
ing quantities, fortified later by the addition of 
cereals, and finally by meat, light t., photo- 
therapy. Matas' t., treatment of neural- 
gia by the injection of alcohol under the nerve 
ganglions at the base of the skull, medicinal t., 
that in which the treatment is mainly accomplished 
by the use of remedies. Meltzer t., treatment of 
tetanus by injection into the spinal canal of a solu- 
tion of magnesium sulphate. Mencifire's t., 
filling of a wound with a fluid that will hold the 
microbes in check until the patient can be trans- 
ported and operated on. The fluid consists of 
io gm. each of guaiacol, eucalyptol, and balsam of 
Peru; io gm. of iodoform, 100 gm. of alcohol and 
ether to make up i liter. Mitchell t. See 
Weir-Mitchell t. mixed t., treatment of syphilis 
with both potassium iodid and corrosive sublimate, 
moral t., therapeutic treatment which makes 
appeal to the moral sense and arouses the will. 
Murphy's t. i. Treatment of pulmonary 
tuberculosis by injecting nitrogen gas into the 
pleural cavity in order to cause collapse of the lung 
and consequent obliteration of cavities in it; 
artificial pneumothorax. 2. Treatment of peri- 
tonitis by placing the patient in the Fowler 
position to favor drainage from the pelvis and 
abdomen, and then making continuous irriga- 
tion of the lower bowel with physiologic salt 
solution administered slowly. Nageli's t., 
treatment of epistaxis by stretching the cervical 
sympathetic nerve, which stimulates vasoconstric- 
tion. Nauheim t. Same as Schott's t. Neu- 
ber's t., treatment of tuberculosis of bones and 
joints by excising the carious tissue and filling the 
cavity with an emulsion of iodoform in glycerin. 
Neuendorf t., treatment of rheumatoid arthritis 
by the mud-baths of Neuendorf, Germany. 
Noesske's t., treatment of gangrene by incising 
the part and producing suction by means of a vac- 
uum cup, so as to draw out the stagnant venous 
blood. Nordrach t., a method of treating con- 
sumption by fresh air, rest, and an abundance of 
nourishing food, oatmeal t., treatment of 
diabetes by restricting the protein of the diet and 
limiting the carbohydrates to oatmeal. Ochsner 
t., treatment of appendicitis by securing peristaltic 
rest so that peritoneal adhesions may form. This is 
secured by abstention from food by the mouth and 
the use of gastric lavage and rectal irrigations, but 
no purgatives. Oertel's t., treatment of heart 
disease, circulatory diseases, obesity, etc., by 
regulation of diet, diminution of fluid elements in 
the food, mountain-climbing and other systematic 
exercises, and by massage and Swedish movements. 
Oppenheimer's t., a method of treating alcohol- 
ism and drug habit, organ t., organotherapy, 
palliative t., that which affords relief to pain and 
distress, but which does not attempt a cure. 
Percy t. See Percy cautery, under cautery. 
Pilcz's t., the inoculation of paretic patients with 
the toxin of erysipelas for the purpose of inducing 
remission of the paresis. Pincus weighting 
t., treatment of various gynecologic disorders 
by the use of an inclined plane, with moderate 
elevation of the pelvis and lower extremities 
and the use of various forms of compression. 
Playfair's t., treatment by rest and feeding. 
Plombieres t. See Plombieres douche under 
douche. Politzer's t., treatment of disease of 
the middle ear by inflation performed by blowing 
air into the nostril while the patient goes through 
the movement of swallowing. The blowing is done 
by means of a rubber bag (Politzer's bag), pre- 
ventive t., prophylactic t., that in which 
the aim is to prevent the occurrence of the disease. 
Quintin t., the subcutaneous injection of sea- 
water solution for the treatment of malnutrition, 
anemia, chronic indigestion, etc. rational t., 
treatment which is based upon a knowledge of disease and the action of the remedies employed, 
refrigerator t., treatment by having the patient 
spend several hours daily in a room at a temperature 
of 20° F. It acts as a stimulus to metabolic proc- 
esses, and has been employed in tuberculosis and 
sleeping-sickness. Ricord's t., treatment of 
syphilis by the administration of mercury for six 
months, followed by the administration of potas- 
sium iodid for three months. Rogers' t., treat- 
ment of cholera by transfusion of saline solution 
and the oral administration of permanganates. 
Rollier t., treatment of surgical tuberculosis by 
systematic exposure of the part to the rays of the 
sun. salicyl t., treatment of rheumatism with 
salicylic acid or its derivatives. Salisbury t., 
treatment of obesity by a diet of chopped beef-steak 
and hot water, sand t., treatment with sand- 
baths. Sceleth t., treatment of drug addiction 
by the use of saline cathartics and the following 
prescription: gr. scopolamin hydrobromid, 
A gr. pilocarpin hydrobromid, J gr. ethyl morphin 
nydrochlorid, 15 minims fluidextract of cascara 
sagrada, 35 minims alcohol, and enough water to 
make 1 fl.dr. Schede's t., treatment of necrosis 
of bone by removing dead bone and granulation 
tissue, which permits the cavity to fill with 
blood. The resulting clot is kept moist by an 
aseptic dressing. Schlosser's t., treatment 
of facial neuralgia by injections of 80 per cent, 
alcohol into the foramen, from which the nerve 
emerges. Scholer's t., injection of tincture of 
iodin into the vitreous body for detachment of the 
retina. Schott's t., treatment of heart disease 
by the use of warm saline baths of Nauheim and 
systematically conducted exercise. Schroth's 
t., treatment of obesity by the exclusion of water 
in any form as far as possible. Sippy t., treat- 
ment of gastric ulcer by neutralizing the free acid 
of the gastric juice. This treatment is designed to 
prevent further erosive action of the acid, solar 
t., heliotherapy. Spahlinger t., treatment of 
pulmonary tuberculosis by a series of intramus- 
cular injections of a combination of tuberculous 
antigens and ferments. This is reinforced by 
treatment with ferments combined with lipoids. 
Spangler's t., treatment of epilepsy by the injec- 
tion of rattlesnake venom, specific t., treatment 
that is particularly adapted to the special dis- 
ease being treated. Spengler's t., treatment 
with Spengler's serum. See under serum, star- 
vation t. See Allen t. Stoker's t., treat- 
ment of bronchiectasis by the continuous inhala- 
tion of oxygen, string-method t., the treat- 
ment of an esophageal stricture by passing a 
string up through it from below, through a gas- 
tric fistula, and then, by pulling the string up 
and down, cutting through the stricture so that 
a bougie may easily be passed. Called also 
Abbe's string-method. Stroganoff's or Strog- 
anov's t., the treatment of puerperal eclamp- 
sia by means of morphin, chloral hydrate, and 
chloroform, according to a definite scheme, 
the aim being to arrest the convulsions before 
they can develop, supporting t., that in 
which the treatment is mainly directed to sus- 
taining the strength of the patient, surgical 
t., that in which surgical means are those chiefly 
employed. Swift-Ellis t., treatment of gen- 
eral paresis by the intradural injection of sal- 
varsanized serum, that is, the blood-serum of 
the patient taken after the injection of salvarsan. 
(autoserosalvarsan). symptomatic t., that 
in which the disease is left to its course and 
the symptoms treated as they arise. Called 
also expectant t. Tailerman t., the localized 
application of superheated dry air in rheuma- 
tism, gout, sprains, neuritis, eczema, etc. ter- 
rain t., treatment of weak heart, neurasthenia, 
corpulence, etc., by regular exercise, mountain- 
climbing, regulation of diet, etc. thymus t., 
treatment of progressive muscular atrophy by the 
administration of extracts from the thymus gland, 
thyroid t., treatment of disease by preparations 
TREATMENT 
1175 
of the thyroid gland of sheep or of man. tonic t. 
i. Treatment with tonics. 2. Treatment of 
syphilis with small doses of mercury continued for 
a long period. Towns-Lambert t., treatment 
of drug addiction by systematic purging, gradually 
reducing amount of the drug to which the patient 
is addicted, and the use of a mixture of 2 parts of 
15 per cent, belladonna tincture and 1 part each 
of fluidextracts of hyoscyamus and xanthoxylum. 
Tuff ne Il's t., treatment of aneurysm by absolute 
rest and starvation diet. Valsalva's t., treatment 
of aneurysm by absolute rest, starvation diet, and 
bleeding. Veit's t., treatment of puerperal 
eclampsia with large doses of morphin. Vidal 
t., treatment of lupus vulgaris by scarification. 
Wagner's t., subcutaneous injection into a pa- 
tient with general paresis or other form of neuro- 
syphilis of the blood of an untreated malaria 
patient, weighting t. See Pincus weighting t. 
Weir-Mitchell t., a method of treating neuras- 
thenia, hysteria, etc., by absolute rest in bed, fre- 
quent and abundant feeding, and the systematic 
use of massage and electricity. Weiss's t., treat- 
ment of gonorrhea by raising the temperature of the 
patient by means of Turkish baths. Called also 
Weiss's fever therapy. Welander's t., treatment 
of syphilis by the application of a jacket of flannel 
covered with gray ointment. Widal t., treat- 
ment of circulatory disorders by excluding sodium 
chlorid as much as possible from the food. Wood- 
bridge t., a method of treating typhoid fever 
with small doses of calomel, podophyllin, and in- 
testinal antiseptics. Yeo's t., treatment of 
obesity by giving large amounts of hot drinks 
and withholding carbohydrates. Ziemssen's t., 
treatment of anemia by subcutaneous injections of 
defibrinated human blood. 
tree, bronchial (tre). The bronchi and their 
ramifications before they reach the lung sub- 
stance. 
trefusia (tre-fu'zhe-ah). A red powder prepared 
from defibrinated blood, and used in chlorosis. 
trehala (tre-ha'lah). A manna-like substance de- 
posited by an insect (Lar'inus macula'tus) upon 
an Asiatic plant of the genus Ech'inops. 
trehalose (tre-ha'los). A disaccharid, C12H22O11, 
from manna, ergot, or from trehala. It is not 
digestible, but yields dextrose when hydrolyzed 
with acids. 
Treitz's arch, fossa, hernia, muscle, etc. 
(trits) [Wenzel Treitz, Austrian physician, 1819- 
1872]. See under arch, fossa, hernia, muscle, etc. 
Trelat's sign (tra-laz') [Ulysse Trelat, French sur- 
geon, 1828-1890]. See under sign. 
Trematoda (trem-at-o'dan), pl. [Gr. TpTjjuarwSijs 
pierced]. A class of the Platyhelminths which 
includes the flukes. They are found in domestic 
animals, fish, and sometimes in man. 
trematode (trem'at-od). Any parasitic animal or- 
ganism or species of the class Tremato'da. 
trembles (trem'blz). An acute infectious disease 
of cattle and sheep, communicable to man, said to 
be due to the Bacil'lus lactimor'bi. The affected 
animal becomes weak and easily tired, and is apt 
suddenly to stumble and fall. Called also slows 
and milk-sickness. 
tremelloid, tremellose (trem'el-oid, trem'el-6s). 
Like jelly. 
tremogram (tre'mo-gram) [tremor + Gr. y pappa 
mark]. The tracing or record made by a tremo- 
graph; a graphic tracing of a tremor. 
tremograph (tre'mo-graf) [tremor + Gr. ypaipeiv 
to record]. An instrument for recording tremors. 
tremophobia (tre-mo-fo'be-ah) [tremor + Gr. 
fear]. A morbid fear of trembling. 
tremor (tre'mor) [L. from trem'ere to shake]. An 
involuntary trembling or quivering, arsenic 
t., a tremor resulting from arsenic poisoning, 
coarse t., a tremor in which the vibrations are 
slow, continuous t., a persistent tremor resem- 
TREMOR bling that of paralysis agitans. t. cor'dis, palpita- 
tion of the heart, epileptoid t., intermitting 
clonic spasm with tremor, fibrillary t., a fine 
rhythmic trembling which is due to alternate con- 
traction of the different fibrils of a muscle; fibrilla- 
tion. fine t., a tremor in which the vibrations are 
rapid, forced t., a movement persisting after 
voluntary motion, due to the intermittent stimula- 
tion of the nerve-centers, hysteric t., tremor 
seen in hysteria, and dependent upon uncertain ner- 
vous impulse, intention t., tremor on attempt- 
ing voluntary motion; a tremor of the limbs char- 
acteristic of disseminated sclerosis, intermit- 
tent t., tremor seen in hemiplegia or when at- 
tempts at voluntary movement are made, kin- 
etic t., a tremor occurring in a limb during active 
movement, t. mercuria'lis, a kind of paralysis 
agitans due to mercurial poisoning, metallic t., 
a tremor seen in various metallic poisonings, t. 
opiophago'rum, the tremor of opium users, 
passive t., a tremor occurring only when the 
patient is at rest, persistent t., a tremor 
occurring whether the patient is at rest or in 
motion, t. potato'rum, "trembling of drink- 
ers"; delirium tremens, purring t., a thrill, 
like the purring of a cat, felt by the hand placed 
over the heart, and due to mitral stenosis. Ren- 
du 's t., a hysteric intention tremor, static t., 
a tremor occurring on effort to hold one of the 
limbs in a definite position, t. ten'dinum, 
"trembling of the tendons"; subsultus tendinum. 
volitional t., a trembling of the entire body dur- 
ing voluntary effort; it is seen in multiple sclerosis, 
tremulor (trem'u-lor). A machine for the admin- 
istration of vibratory treatment. 
tremulous (trem'u-lus) [L. trem'ulus]. Shaking, 
trembling, or quivering. 
trench back. See back. t. fever. See fever, t. 
foot. See foot. t. hand. See hand. t. neph- 
ritis . See nephritis. 
Trendelenburg cannula, operation, posi- 
tion, symptom, test (tren-del'en-berg) [Fried- 
rich Trendelenburg, surgeon in Leipsic, born 1844]. 
See cannula, operation, position, symptom, and tests. 
trepan (tre'pan) [Gr. Tpviravov auger]. 1. An ob- 
solete form of the trephine, resembling a carpenter's 
bit and brace. 2. To trephine. 
trepanation (trep-an-a'shun) [L. trepana'tio}. An 
operation with the trepan; trephination. 
trepanner (tre-pan'er). One who performs a 
trepanation. 
trephination (tref-in-a'shun). The operation of 
trephining. 
trephine (tre-fin') [L. trephi'na}. 1. A crown- 
saw for removing a circular disk or button of bone, 
chiefly from the skull. 2. To operate upon with 
the trephine. Horsley's t., a trephine that may 
be taken apart and cleaned. 
trephinement (tre-fin'ment). The act or process 
of trephining. 
trephiner (tre-fi'ner). One who performs the 
operation of trephining. 
trepidant (trep'id-ant) [L. trep'idans trembling]. 
Characterized by tremor. 
trepidation (trep-id-a'shun) [L. trepida'tio]. 1. 
A trembling or oscillatory movement. 2. Nervous 
anxiety and fear. 
trepol (tre'pol). Tartrobismuthate of potassium 
and sodium in oily suspension: used for the treat- 
ment of syphilis. 
Treponema (trep-o-ne'mah) [Gr. rpeirew to turn 
+ vfjpa thread]. A genus of microorganisms of 
the order Spirochcetales, consisting of exceedingly 
slender spiral rods, motile by means of flexuous 
bending of the body. T. calligy'rum, a species 
resembling T. pallidum, but thicker and found in 
smegma and in condylomata. T. macroden'- 
teum and T. micro den teum have been found 
in the mouth, especially under the gums and in the 
throat. T. muco'sum, a spirochete found in the 
TREMULOR 
1176 
pus from pyorrhea alveolaris. T. pal'lidum, 
the causative organism of syphilis; called also 
Spirochaeta pallida. T. perten'ue, the causative 
organism of yaws; called also Spirochceta pertenuis. 
treponemiasis (tre-po-ne-mi'as-is). Infection 
with treponema; syphilis. 
treponemicidal (trep-o-nem-is-i'dal). Destroying 
treponema. 
treponemosis (tre-po-nem-o'sis). Infection with 
treponema. 
treppe (trep'eh) [German " staircase "]. The 
phenomenon of gradual increase in the extent of 
muscular contraction following rapidly repeated 
stimulation (H. P. Bowditch, 1871). 
Tresilian's sign (tre-sil'e-anz) [Frederick James 
Tresilian, contemporary English physician]. See 
sign. 
tresis (tre'sis) [Gr. rpijais]. Perforation. 
Treves' fold, operation (trevs) [Sir Frederick 
Treves, English surgeon, born 1853]. See fold and 
operation. 
tri- [Gr. rpeis; L. ires three], A prefix meaning 
three or thrice. 
triacetate (tri-as'et-at). An acetate which con- 
tains three molecules of the acetic-acid radical. 
triacetin (tri-as'et-in). An oily liquid, glyceryl tri- 
acetate, from cod-fiver oil, fats, etc. 
triacid (tri-as'id). A base capable of neutralizing 
three equivalents of monobasic acid. 
triacol (tri'ak-ol). A solution of sodium, potassium, 
and ethylmorphin-guaiacol: used in lung affections. 
triad (tri'ad) [L. tri'as; Gr. rpias group of three]. 
1. Any trivalent element. 2. Trivalent. 3. A 
group of three objects or signs. Basedow's 
t., Merseburg triad. Bezold's t., retarded 
bone-conduction, lessened perception of deep 
tones, and negative Rinne's sign, indicating 
otosclerosis. Dieulafoy's t., hypersensitive- 
ness of the skin, reflex muscular contraction, 
and tenderness at McBurney's point in appendi- 
citis. Grancher's t., lessened vesicular quality 
of breathing, skodaic resonance, and increased 
vocal fremitus: a syndrome of commencing pul- 
monary tuberculosis, t. of Herz. See phreno- 
cardia. Hutchinson's t., a syndrome of diffuse 
interstitial keratitis, labyrinthine disease, and 
Hutchinson teeth: seen in inherited syphilis, 
t. of Luciani, asthenia, atonia, and astasia, the 
three major symptoms of cerebellar disease. 
Merseburg t., goiter, exophthalmos, and tachy- 
cardia, the three cardinal symptoms of Basedow's 
disease. 
triakaidekaphobia (tri-ah-ki"dek-af-o'be-ah) 
[Gr. Tpeis three + Kal and + beKa ten + ^6/3os 
fear]. Morbid or superstitious dread of the 
number thirteen. 
trial-case (tri'al-kas). A box or frame with a 
duly arranged set of trial-lenses. 
trial-frame (tri'al-fram). 1. A device used in 
testing for color-blindness. 2. A frame for holding 
trial-lenses. 
trial-lenses (tri"al-len'zes). A set of lenses used 
in testing the vision. 
trially lamin (tri"al-il-am'in). A volatile, oily, 
basic liquid amin, N(C3HS)3 = CgH15N. 
triamin (tri-am'in). A compound containing three 
amino (-NH2) groups. 
triangle (tri'ang-1) [L. trian'gulum; ires three + 
an'gulus angle]. 1. A three cornered area or 
figure. 2. A triangular bandage. Alsberg's t., 
a triangle formed by a line passing through the 
long axis of the femur, a second line passing through 
the long axis of the neck of the femur, and a third 
line on a plane passing through the base of the head 
of the femur. It forms an equilateral triangle 
with its apex upward. The angle at the apex 
is known as Alsberg's angle, or angle of elevation. 
anterior t., that which is divided by the omo- 
hyoid below and the digastricus above into the 
TRIANGLE TRIANGLE 
1177 
TRIANGLE 
inferior carotid, superior carotid, and submaxillary 
triangle. Assezat's t., a triangle bounded by 
lines joining the alveolar and basal points and the 
nasion, auricular t., a triangle bounded by 
lines drawn from the tip of the auricle and the 
two ends of its base of insertion, t. of auscul- 
tation, the area limited by the lower edge of the 
trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, and the vertebral 
border of the scapula, axillary t., the region 
made up of the inner aspect of the arm, the axilla, 
and the pectoral region, brachial t., the triangle 
situated on the under surface of the arm, the 
axilla, and the outer surface of the chest. Bry- 
ant's t., the ileof emoral triangle, cardio - 
hepatic t., the triangular space in the fifth 
intercostal space of the right side, separating the 
heart from the upper edge of the liver, carotid 
t., inferior, a triangle formed by the median 
line of the neck in front, the sternomastoid, and 
the anterior belly of the omohyoid muscle. Called 
also t. of necessity, carotid t., superior, one 
having the anterior belly of the omohyoid in front, 
the posterior belly of the digastricus above, and the 
sternomastoid behind. Called also t. of election. 
cephalic t., a triangle on the anteroposterior 
plane of the skull, between the lines from the 
occiput to the forehead and to the chin, and the 
third from the chin to the forehead, cervical t's. 
See triangles of the neck, crural r., the triangular 
area formed by the lower abdominal, the inguinal 
and the genital region, and the inner aspect of the 
thighs, digastric t., the submaxillary tri- 
angle. t. of the elbow, one on the front of 
the elbow, having the supinator longus on the 
outside and the pronator teres inside, the base 
being toward the humerus, t. of election. See 
carotid t., superior, extra vesical t., Pawlik's 
triangle, facial t., one whose angles are the 
basion and the alveolar and nasal points. Fara- 
beuf's t., a triangle of the upper part of the neck, 
its sides being formed by the internal jugular vein 
and the facial vein, and its base by the hypo- 
glossal nerve. femoral t. See inguinal t. 
frontal t., one bounded by the maximum frontal 
diameter and lines to the glabella. Garland's 
t., a triangular area of relative resonance in the 
lower back close to the spine on the diseased 
side in pleurisy with effusion. Gombault- 
Philippe's t., a triangular space formed in 
the conus medullaris by the fibers which form 
Flechsig's oval field higher up. Grocco's t. See 
Grocco's sign, under sign. Grynfelt's t., a 
space in which lumbar hernia may occur, bounded 
by the twelfth rib and the lower border of the 
serratus posticus inferior above, by the anterior 
border of the quadratus lumborum behind, and by 
the posterior border of the obliquus internus in 
front. Henke's t., a triangle between the de- 
scending portion of the inguinal fold and the 
lateral portion of the inguinal fold and the lateral 
border of the rectus muscle. Hesselbach's t., 
one having the deep epigastric artery on the out- 
side, Poupart's ligament below, and the margin of 
the rectus muscle on the inside, hypoglosso- 
hyoid t., the triangular space in the subhyoid 
region, bounded above by the hypoglossal nerve, 
in front by the posterior border of the myo- 
hyoid muscle, behind and below by the tendon 
of the digastric muscle. Called also Pinaud's t. 
and Pirogoff's t. iliofemoral t., one formed 
by Nelaton's line, another through the supe- 
rior iliac spine, and a third from this to the 
great trochanter, infraclavicular t., one with 
the clavicle above, the upper border of the 
pectoralis major on the inside, and the anterior 
border of the deltoid on the outside, inguinal 
t., one which has the sartorius on the outside, the 
adductor longus within, and Poupart's ligament 
above. Called also Scarpa's t. and femoral t. 
Kor&nyi-Grocco t. Same as Grocco's sign. 
See sign. Labbe's t., a triangular area included 
between a horizontal line along the lower border 
of the cartilage of the ninth rib, the line of the false 
ribs, and the line of the liver. It is the area where 
the stomach lies in contact with the wall of the 
abdomen. Langenbeck's t., a triangle having 
its apex at the anterior superior spine of the 
ilium, its base formed by the anatomic neck of the 
femur, and its external side by the external face 
of the great trochanter. Lesser's t., a triangle 
with the hypoglossal nerve above and the two- 
bellies of the digastricus on the other two sides. 
Lesshaft's t., Grynfelt's triangle. Lieu- 
taud's t., the trigonum vesicae. lingual 
t. See illustration, p. 1178. lumbocosto- 
abdominal t., a triangle between the obliquus 
externus muscle, the serratus posticus inferior, 
the erector spinse, and the obliquus internus. 
lymphoid t., Waldeyer's ring. See under ring. 
Macewen's t., the suprameatal triangle. Mal- 
gaigne's t., the superior carotid triangle, med- 
ullary t., the internal capsule; a tract which 
connects the crura cerebri and the cerebral cortex, 
t. of necessity. See carotid t., inferior, t's of 
the neck, anterior, the two carotid and the 
submaxillary triangles together, t's of the neck, 
posterior, the occipital and subclavian triangles 
together, occipital t., one with the sterno- 
mastoid muscle in front, the trapezius behind, and 
the omohyoid below, occipital t., inferior, 
one which has the bimastoid line as its base and the 
inion as its apex, palatal p., a triangle limited 
by the greatest transverse diameter and lines 
from the ends of this diameter to the alveolar 
point. paravertebral t. Same as Groc- 
co's t. See Grocco's sign, under sign. Pawlik's 
t., a triangle within the vagina corresponding 
exactly with the vesical trigone, and bounded 
laterally by Pawlik's folds. Petit's t., one with 
the crest of the ilium below and the obliquus 
externus and the latissimus dorsi on either side. 
Pinaud's t., Pirogoff's t. See hypoglossohyoid 
t. pubo-urethral t., a triangle in the perineum 
bounded externally by the ischiocavernosus muscle, 
internally by the bulbocavernosus muscle, and 
posteriorly by the transversus perinei. Rauch- 
fuss's t. Same as Grocco's sign. See under sign. 
rectal t. See illustration, p. 1178. Reil'st. See 
trigonum lemnisci. sacral t., the shallow de- 
pression overlying the sacrum. Scarpa's t., 
the inguinal triangle, sternocostal t., an area 
in the diaphragm between the costal and sternal 
parts where the muscle is lacking, subclavian 
t., one having the posterior belly of the omohyoid 
above, the clavicle below, and the sternomastoid 
at the base, subinguinal t., inguinal triangle, 
submandibular t., submaxillary triangle, 
submaxillary t., one with the lower jaw- 
bone above, the posterior belly of the digas- 
tricus and the stylohyoid below, and the median 
line of the neck in front, submental t., a tri- 
angle bounded on either side by the anterior belly 
of the digastric muscle and below by the hyoid bone, 
suboccipital t., one which lies between the rec- 
tus capitis posterior major and the obliquus supe- 
rior and obliquus inferior triangle, suprameatal 
t., a triangular space between the lower posterior 
edge of the root of the zygoma and the superior 
posterior edge of the opening of the external audi- 
tory meatus. Called also Macewen's t. surgical 
t., any triangular area or region in which certain 
nerves, vessels, or organs are located. Such areas 
are established for reference in surgical operations, 
umbilicomammillary t., a triangle having its 
base formed by the line joining the nipples and its 
apex at the umbilicus, urogenital t. See illus- 
tration, p. r 178. vaginal t., Pawlik's triangle, 
vesical t. Same as trigonum vesica, von 
Weber's t., the triangle on the sole of the foot 
formed by lines connecting the heads of the first 
metatarsal, the head of the fifth metatarsal, and 
the center of the under surface of the heel. Wer- 
nicke's t., the posterior segment of the internal 
capsule; it is formed by Gratiolet's radiating fibers 
and by fibers from the pulvinar and external 
geniculatum. TRIANGLE 
1178 
TRIANGLE 
Macewen's suprameatal triangle. 
Triangles of the neck: a, Submaxillary 
triangle; b, superior carotid triangle; c, in- 
ferior carotid triangle; d, occipital triangle; 
e, supraclavicular triangle. 
a, The lingual triangle. 
Farabeuf's triangle. 
a, Triangle of Petit. 
Hesselbach's triangle (X): a, Deep epigastric artery; 
b, outer margin of rectus; c, Poupart's ligament. 
O, The urogenital triangle; b, the rectal triangle 
a, a, Nelaton's line; b, Bryant's triangle. 
A, Grocco's triangle of dulness; B, dulness of pleural 
effusion (Stevens). 
Scarpa's triangle: v, Vein; a, artery; n, nerve. 
Various Triangles of the Body (redrawn from Campbell) TRIANGULAR 
1179 
TRICHO-XESTH ESI A 
triangular (tri-ang'u-lar) [L. triangula'ris}. Having 
three angles or comers. 
triangularis (tri-ang-u-la'ris) [L.]. See muscles, 
table of. 
Triatoma (tri-at-o'mah). SeeLamus. 
triatomic (tri-at-om'ik). Containing three atoms, 
or three replaceable hydrogen atoms. 
tribade (trib-ad). A woman with a large clitoris 
who practices tribadism. 
tribadism (trib'ad-izm) [Gr. rpl^eiv to rub]. Mu- 
tual friction of the genitals between women. 
tribady (trib'ad-e). Tribadism. 
tribasic (tri-ba'sik) [L. tres three 4- ba'sis base]. 
Having three replaceable hydrogen atoms. 
triboluminescence (tri "bo-1 u-min-es'ens) [Gr. 
rplpeiv to rub 4- luminescence}. Luminescence 
caused by rubbing. 
tribrachius (tri-bra'ke-us) [Gr. rpi three+^paxluv 
arm]. A monster-fetus with three arms. 
tribromaloin (tri-brom-al'o-in). A yellow, crys- 
talline compound, Ci7HI5Br3O7, of bromin and 
barbaloin. 
tribrombetanaphthol (tri-brom-be-tah-naf'thol). 
A grayish powder, CioHiBrsOH: used for disin- 
fecting the hands. 
tribromcannabinol (tri"brom-kan-ab'in-ol). A 
bromin and cannabinol derivative; a brownish 
powder: hypnotic. 
tribromhydrin (tri-brom-hi'drin). A yellowish 
antiseptic and sedative fluid, CH2Br.CHBr.CH2Br; 
allyl tribromid. It is used in whooping-cough, 
hysteria, and asthma. Dose, 3-5 min. (o.2-0.3 c.c.). 
tribromid (tri-bro'mid) [Gr. rpeis three 4- bromid}. 
A bromin compound containing three atoms of 
bromin to one of the base. 
tribrommethane (tri-brom-meth'an). Same as 
bromoform. 
tribromnaphthol (tri-brom-naf'tol). A bromin 
derivative of /3-naphthol, CioH4Br3OH: used as a 
germicide in wound treatment 
tribromphenol (tri-brom-fe'nol). Same as bromol. 
t.-bismuth, xeroform. 
tribromphenyl salicylate (tri-brom-fen'il). Same 
as tribromsalol. 
tribromresorcin (tri"brom-re-sor'sin). A sub- 
stance, C6HBr3(OH)2, precipitated from bromin- 
water by resorcin in solution. 
tribromsalol (tri-brom-sal'ol). Cordol; a salol 
derivative, OH.C6H4.COO.C6H2Br3, or salol in 
which the hydrogen is replaced by three atoms of 
brcrtnin. It is used like salol. 
tributyrin (tri-bu'tir-in). A colorless fat, C3H5- 
(OCOC^CTLCHsL, contained in cows' butter. 
tricalcic (tri-kal'sik). Containing three atoms of 
calcium. 
tricarbin (tri-kar'bin). A proprietary preparation 
of glycerin-carbonic ester, C9H10O9: used as a 
diluent. 
tricellular (tri-sel'u-lar). Three-celled. 
tricephalus (tri-sef'al-us) [Gr. rpeis three 4- KetpaKi) 
head]. A monster having three heads. 
triceps (tri'seps) [L. tres three 4- ca'put head]. 
Having three heads. See muscles, table of. 
tricep tor (tri-sep'tor). An intermediary having 
three combining groups. 
Tricercomonas (tri-ser-kom'o-nas). A parasite of 
man, probably the same as Enter omonas. 
trichangiectasis (trik"an-je-ek'tas-is) [Gr. Opl^ 
hair 4- ayyeiov vessel 4- eKraais dilatation]. 
Dilatation of the capillary vessels. 
trichatrophia (trik-at-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. 0pt% hair 4- 
arpoipla atrophy]. An atrophied condition of the 
hair-bulbs, leading to brittleness of the hair. 
trichauxe, trichauxis (trik-awks'e, trik-awks'is) 
[Gr. Opi^ hair 4- av^r/ growth]. Hypertrichosis; 
excessive growth of the hair, in respect both to 
quantity and length. 
trichesthesia (trik-es-the'ze-ah). Same as tricho- 
esthesia. 
trichiasis (trik-i'as-is) [Gr. Tpixiaais]. i. A con- 
dition of ingrowing hairs about an orifice, or of 
ingrowing eyelashes. 2. The appearance of hair- 
like filaments in the urine, t. of the anus, a 
condition in which the hairs of the anus curve 
inward, causing irritation of the mucous membrane. 
Trichina (trik-ii'nah) [Gr. rptyi^os of hair], A 
genus of nematode parasites of the family Trichi- 
nellidae. T. spiralis, one of the smallest of the 
parasitic nematodes, being only about 1.5 mm. in 
length. It is found coiled in a cyst in the muscles 
of the rat, pig, and man. When such meat is eaten 
the cyst dissolves, the parasite matures, deposits 
its larvae in the deep mucosa, whence they get into 
the lymphatics, are carried to all parts of the body, 
and again encyst. 
Trichinel'la spiralis. Same as Trichina spiralis. 
trichinelliasis (trik-e-nel-i'a-sis). Trichinosis. 
Trichinellidae (trik-in-el'id-e). A family of the 
Nematoda which contains two genera, Trichiuris 
and Trichinella. 
trichinellosis (trik-e-nel-o'sis). Trichinosis, 
trichiniasis (trik-in-i'as-is). Same as trichinosis. 
trichiniferous (trik-in-if'er-us) [trichina 4- L. 
fe/re to bear]. Containing trichinae. 
trichinization (trik"in-iz-a'shun). Infestation 
with Trichi'na spira'lis. 
trichinophobia (trik"in-o-fo'be-ah) [trichina 4- 
Gr. (pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of trichinosis. 
trichinoscope (trik-i'no-skop) [trichina 4- Gr. 
ctKOTreiv to view]. An instrument for ascertaining 
the presence of trichina. 
trichinosis (trik-in-o'sis) [L. trichi'na}. A dis- 
eased condition due to infestation with trichinae. 
It is produced by eating, undercooked pork con- 
taining Trichi'na (Trichinella') spira'lis. It is 
attended in the early stages by diarrhea, nausea, 
colic, and fever, and later by stiffness, pain, swell- 
ing of the muscles, fever, sweating, and insomnia. 
trichinous (trik'in-us). Affected with or contain- 
ing trichinae. 
trichitis (trik-i'tis) [Gr. Opl^ hair 4- -ins inflamma- 
tion], Inflammation of the hair-bulbs. 
trichloracetic acid (tri-klor-as-e'tik). See acid. 
trichloraldehyd (tri-klor-al'de-hid). See chloral. 
trichlorbutylalcohol (tri-klor-bu-til-al'ko-hol) 
Chloretone. 
trichlorbutylaldehyd (tri-klor-bu-til-al'de-hid). 
Butylchloral. 
trichlorethane (tri-klor-eth'an). Methylchloro- 
form, a volatile liquid, CH,CC1,, formed by chlori- 
nating ethyl chlorid. It is used as an anesthetic. 
trichlorhydrin (tri-klor-hi'drin). Allyl trichlorid, 
C3H5CI3: an anesthetic and hypnotic body. 
trichlorid (tri-klo'rid). Any combination of three 
atoms of chlorin with one of another element. 
trichlormethane (tri-klor-meth'an). Chloroform, 
trichloromethylchloroformate (tri-klo"ro- 
meth"il-klo-ro-for'mat). CICO2.CCI3. A lethal 
war gas. Called also diphosgene and superpalite. 
trichloronitromethane (tri-klo"ro-ni-tro-meth'- 
an). See chloropicrin. 
trichloropropane (tri"klo-ro-pro'pan). Same as 
trichlorhydrin. 
trichlorotrivinyl arsine (tri-klo"ro-tri-vi'nil). 
(CHC1.CH)3As. A war gas that causes sneezing. 
trichlorphenol (tri-klor-fe'nol). A phenol deriva- 
tive, (CnH2Cl3)OH, derived from carbolic acid. 
It is antiseptic and disinfectant: used in powder 
like iodoform, or in a 5 per cent, aqueous solution. 
Called also omal. 
tricho- [Gr. Opl^ hair]. A prefix denoting relation 
to, or likeness to, the hair. 
tricho-aesthesia (trik-o-es-the'ze-ah). See tricho- 
esthesia. trichobacteria (trik"o-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. 0pt% hair 
+ ftaKTTjpLov rod]. 1. A group of bacteria includ- 
ing those forms which possess flagella. 2. The 
filamentous or thread-like bacteria. 
trichobezoar (trik-o-be'zo-ar) [Gr. 0pl^ hair + 
bezoar]. A hair-ball; a concretion within the 
stomach or intestines formed of hairs. 
trichocardia (trik-o-kar'de-ah) [Gr. 0pl£ hair + 
Kapbla heart]. Hairy heart; a hairy appearance 
upon the heart, due to exudative pericarditis. 
trichocephaliasis (trik"o-sef-al-i'as-is) [Gr. 0pl£ 
hair + KetpaXi] head]. Infestation with some spe- 
cies of Trichoceph'alus. 
Trichocephalus (trik-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. 0pl% hair 4- 
Ke<pa.Xr] head]. A genus of intestinal nematode 
animal parasites of the family Trichinellidae. 
T. dis'par, T. trichiu'ra, the species that 
principally infests the human subject. It is about 
2 inches in length, the front portion of its body 
being hair-like in slimness. It inhabits the large 
intestine, and may cause diarrhea, vomiting, and 
nervous disorders, though it usually produces no 
symptoms. It is also known as Trichu'ris trich- 
iu'ra, thread-worm, or whip-worm. 
trichoclasis (trik-ok'las-is) [Gr. 0pt% hair + KXdcns 
fracture]. Brittleness of the hair. 
trichocryptosis (trik"o-krip-to'sis) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 
+ Kpuirros concealed]. Disease of the hair-follicles. 
trichocyst (trik'o-sist) [Gr. 0pl% hair + xvaris blad- 
der]. A cell-structure derived from the cytoplasm. 
trichodangeitis (trik"o-dan-je-i'tis) [Gr. rptxdb-rp 
hair-like + dyyeiov vessel + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the capillaries. 
trichodarteriitis (trik"o-dar-ter-e-i'tis) [Gr. 
Tpex^V^ hair-like + dprypla artery + -tris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the arterioles. 
Trichodectes (trik-o-dek'tez). A genus of para- 
sitic insects. T. la'tus, the dog-louse, found on 
dogs, especially puppies. T. sphaeroceph'alus, 
the red-headed sheep louse, found in the wool of 
sheep in Europe and America. 
trichodophlebitis (trik"o-do-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. rpixu- 
5i)s hair-like + vein + -iris inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the venules. 
tricho-epithelioma (trik"o-ep-ith-e-le-o'mah) [Gr. 
0pl^ hair -j- epithelioma}. A skin-tumor whose 
cell-growth starts in the follicles of the lanugo, t. 
papillo sum multiplex, an eruption of nodules 
and papules arising in the hair-follicles. 
tricho-esthesia (trik"o-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 0pl^ 
hair + atad-qaLs sensation]. The sense which one 
perceives when one of the hairs of the skin has been 
touched; hair sensibility. 
tricho-esthesiometer (trik"o-es-the-ze-om'et-er) 
[Gr. 0pl^ hair + alcr0ricris sensation + perpov 
measure]. An electric apparatus for measuring 
the hair sensibility, or the sensitiveness of the scalp 
by means of the hairs. 
trichoflbro-acanthoma (trik"o-fi"bro-ak-an-tho'- 
mah). A tumor of the epithelium of the lanugo 
follicles and of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. 
trichoflbro-epithelioma (trik"o-fi"bro-ep-e-the- 
le-o'mah). A fibroma of the epithelium of the 
lanugo follicles. 
trichogen (trik'o-jen). An agent which stimulates 
the growth of hair. 
trichogenous (trik-oj'en-us) [Gr. 0pl% hair + 
yevvav to produce]. Promoting the growth of the 
hair. 
trichoglossia (trik-o-glos'e-ah) [Gr. 0pl^ hair + 
yXcoacra tongue]. A hairy state of the tongue due 
to a thickening of the papillae. 
trichohyalin (trik-o-hi'al-in) [Gr. 0pl% hair + hya- 
lin]. The hyalin of the hair. 
trichoid (trik'oid) [Gr. 0pl^ hair + etbos form]. 
Like or resembling a hair, or the hair. 
trichokryptomania (trik"o-krip-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. 
TRICHOBACTERIA 
1180 
0pl^ hair + Kpvirros crooked + pavla madness]. 
Same as trichorrhexomania. 
tricholabis, tricholabion (trik-o'lab-is, trik-o- 
la'be-on) [Gr.]. Tweezers for pulling out hairs. 
tricholith (trik'o-lith) [Gr. 0pl£ hair + XLOos stone]. 
A hairy concretion. 
trichologia (trik-o-lo'je-ah) [Gr. 0pl% hair + Xeyeiv 
to pull]. The pulling out of the hair by delirious 
or insane patients. 
trichology (trik-ol'o-je) [Gr. 0pl^ hair + X6yos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
the hair. 
trichoma (trik-o'mah) [Gr. rpixaipa hairiness], i. 
Same as entropion. 2. Same as plica polonica. 
trichomania (trik-o-ma'ne-ah). See trichotillo- 
mania. 
trichomatose (trik-o'mat-6s). Pertaining to or 
affected with trichomatosis. 
trichomatosis (trik"o-mat-o'sis). Plica polonica 
or other disease of the hair produced by fungi. 
trichomatous (trik-om'at-us). Affected with, of 
the nature of, or pertaining to, trichoma. 
Trichomonas (trik-om'o-nas) [Gr. Opi^ hair + 
povds unit]. A genus of parasitic protozoa occur- 
ring in the form of flagellate pear-shaped cells 
having three flagella in front, an undulating mem- 
brane, and a trailing flagellum. They cause a 
rather serious disease in turkeys and may cause 
diarrhea in man. T. bucca'lis, a form found in 
the mouth and especially about the tartar of the 
teeth. T. columba'rum, found in birds affected 
with diphtheria. T. homi'nis, a species found in 
the human buccal cavity and intestine. T. 
intestina'lis. Same as T. hominis. T. pul- 
mona'lis, a form, probably the same as T. 
vagina'lis, occurring in the lungs of fetid bronchitis 
and gangrene of the lungs. T. vagina'lis, a 
species found in the vagina in about 10 per cent, 
of the cases examined and especially those with an 
acid secretion. It has also been found in the blad- 
der and urethra of man. 
trichomoniasis (tri-ko-mo-ni'as-is). Infestation 
with Trichomonas. 
Trichomycetes (tri-ko-mi-se'tes) [Gr. 0pl£ hair + 
pvKtjs fungus]. A group of filamentous organisms 
intermediate between the bacteria and the higher 
fungi. The group includes actinomyces, leptothrix, 
cladothrix, and nocardia. 
trichomycetosis (tri"ko-mi-se-to'sis). Trichomy- 
cosis. 
trichomycosis (trik"o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. 0pt% hair + 
pvicrp fungus]. Any disease of the hair due to a 
vegetable parasite, t. axilla'ris, trichonocar- 
diasis. t. favo'sa, favus. t. nodo'sa, t. 
nodula'ris, a disease in which hard, fungous 
nodules are formed in the shaft of the hair. Called 
also piedra. t. palmelli'na, a disease of the 
hair in the armpits, on the pubes and the inner 
side of the thigh, marked by the formation of a 
jelly-like, yellowish mass on the hair. t. pustu- 
lo'sa, a parasitic hair disease of pustular nature. 
trichonocardiasis, trichonocardiosis (tri"ko- 
no-kar-di'as-is, -kar-de-o'sis). A disease of the 
pubic and axillary hair occurring in tropical regions 
and caused by a mold, Nocardia tenuis. It is 
marked by the formation on the hair-shaft of 
nodose ensheathing masses having a red, yellow, or 
black color. 
trichonosis, trichonosus (trik-o-no'sis, trik-on'- 
o-sus) [Gr. 0pl% hair + voaos disease]. Any disease 
of the hair. t. furfura'cea, tinea tonsurans, 
t. versic'olor, ringed hair. 
trichopathic (trik-o-path'ik). Pertaining to dis- 
ease of the hair. 
trichopathophobia (tri"ko-path-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 
0pl^ hair + irdOos disease + <pb^os fear]. Morbid 
anxiety with regard to the hair, its growth, dis- 
ease, etc. 
TRICHOPATHOPHOBIA trichopathy (trik-op'ath-e) [Gr. 0pl% hair + iraOos 
disease]. Disease of the hair. 
trichophagy (trik-of'aj-e) [Gr. 0pl£ hair + <payeiv 
to eat]. Hair-eating; the practice or habit of eating 
hair. 
trichophobia (trik-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 0pl% hair + 
<p60os fear]. Morbid dread of hair. 
trichophytic (tri-ko-fit'ik). 1. Pertaining to tri- 
chophytosis. 2. Promoting growth of the hair. 
trichophytin (tri-kof'it-in). A filtrate from cultures 
of the trichophyton microorganism: used in the 
trichophyton test. See under test. 
Trichophyton (trik-of'it-on) [Gr. 0pt^ hair + <pvrbv 
plant.] A genus of fungoid organisms consisting 
of flat, branched filaments and chains of spores. 
T. acumina'tum, a fragile endothrix com- 
monly found in onchiomycosis. T. asteroi'des, 
a species which produces pustular lesions and 
kerion formations. T. cerebrifor'me, a form of 
resistant endothrix found in cases of tinea sycosis. 
T. craterifor'me, a resistant endothrix com- 
monly found in cases of tinea tonsurans. T. 
cru'ris, a species found in ringworm of the groin 
and in eczemas of the hands and feet. T. fla'- 
vum, an endothritic form of fungus. T. meg- 
alos'poron, the large spored variety of tricho- 
phyton fungus. T. metagraphy'te, an endo- 
ectothrix found in the horse, cow, dog, and some- 
times, in man. It causes a form of tinea sycosis. 
T. micros'poron, the small-spored variety of tri- 
chophyton fungus. T. ochra'ceum, an ectothrix 
often found in erythematous scaly circles. T. 
orienta'lis, a species found in man in Japan. T. 
probolu'rus, this species has been found in 
sheep and in man. T. rosa'ceum, an ectothrix 
often found in incompletely circled lesions. T. 
sabourau'di, an endothrix which causes a form of 
tinea tonsurans. T. sub'tilis. See T. instabilis. 
T. ton'surans, the form causing tinea tonsurans. 
T. viola'ceum, a resistant endothrix found in 
tinea tonsurans and in onchiomycosis. T. vitri'- 
nus, a species found in sheep and in man. Some 
of the specific names based on the cultural char- 
acteristics of the organisms are: T. craterifor'me, 
T. cerebrifor'me, and T. viola'ceum are all resistant 
endothrices and the chief causal agents in tinea 
tonsurans; T. acumina'tum is a fragile endothrix; 
this and T. viola'ceum are the chief causal agents in 
onchiomycosis; T. ochra'ceum and T. rosa'ceum are 
endothrices. 
trichophytosis (trik"o-fi-to'sis). The disease pro- 
duced by trichophyton fungus. See tinea tricho- 
phytina. t. cap'itis, tinea tonsurans, t. cor'- 
poris, tinea circinata. t. cru'ris, tinea cruris. 
trichopoliosis (trik"o-pol-e-o'sis) [Gr. 0pl% hair + 
TToXicmris grayness]. Grayness of the hair. 
trichoptilosis (trik"o-til-o'sis) [Gr. 9pl£ hair + 
tttIXov feather], r. Trichorrhexis nodosa. 2. 
The condition in which the hairs are covered with 
feather-like projections. 
trichorrhea, trichorrhoea (trik-or-e'ah) [Gr. 0pl£ 
hair 4- pola flow]. Rapid loss of the hair. 
trichorrhexis (trik-or-eks'is) [Gr. 0pl£ hair 4- 
fracture]. A condition in which the hair breaks 
off. t. nodo'sa, a disease of the hair character- 
ized by the formation of swellings along the shaft 
of a hair, at which points it is liable to break. The 
disease is seen most frequently in the beard. 
trichorrhexomania (trik"o-rek-so-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. 
0pll- hair + pT)x^s breaking 4- pavla madness]. 
The breaking off of the hair by pinching it with the 
finger-nail. 
trichoschisis (trik-os'kis-is) [Gr. 0pl% hair + trxlvis 
splitting]. Splitting of the hairs. 
trichoscopy (trik-os'ko-pe) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 4- aKoireiv 
to view]. Examination of the hair. 
trichosis (trik-o'sis) [Gr. rplxwtrts]. Any disease 
or abnormal growth of the hair. t. carun'culse, 
abnormal development of the hair on the lacrimal 
caruncle. 
TRICHOPATHY 
1181 
Trichosoma contortum (trik-o-so'mah con-tor'- 
tum) [Gr. 0pl£ hair 4- aupa body]. A round-worm 
parasitic in domestic fowls. 
Trichosporon (tri-kos'po-ron). A genus of fungus 
which produce trichomycosis nodosa. T. gigan'- 
teum, a species which causes piedra in Columbia. 
T. beige'li has been found in Europe. 
trichosporosis (tri-ko-spo-ro'sis). Infestation with 
Trichosporon. See trichomycosis and piedra t. 
in'dica, piedra occurring in India, t. trop'ica, 
piedra. 
trichostach'is spino'sa. Same as ichthyosis 
thysanotrichica. 
Trichostrongylus (tri-ko-stron'jil-us). A genus 
comprising some of the species formerly included 
in the genus Strongylus. A genus of nematode 
worms of the family Strongylidae. T. insta'bilis, a 
species frequently present in sheep and goats and 
occasionally found in man. T. vitri'nus, a species 
found in sheep and occasionally in man. 
trichosyphilis, trichosyphilosis (trik-o-sif'il-is, 
trik"o-sif-il-o'sis) [Gr. Opl£ hair + syphilis]. Any 
hair disease of syphilitic origin or nature. 
Trichothecium (trik-o-the'se-um) [Gr. 9pl^ hair 4- 
0r)kt) case]. A genus of mold fungi. T. ro'seum 
occurs in the human ear. 
trichotillomania (trik"o-til-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. 0pi^ 
hair + rlXXeiv to pull + pavla madness]. The 
insane impulse to pull out one's own hair. 
trichotomous (tri-kot'o-mus) [Gr. rplxa threefold 
4- ropr) cut]. Divided into three parts. 
trichotoxin (tri-ko-toks'in). An antibody which 
has a toxic action on epithelial cells. 
trichotrophy (trik-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. 0pl£ hair 4- 
rpo<pr) nutrition]. Nutrition of the hair. 
trichroic (tri-kro'ik) [Gr. rpeis three + xpoa color]. 
Exhibiting three different colors in three different 
aspects. 
trichroism, trichromatism (tri'kro-izm, tri-kro - 
mat-izm) [Gr. rpeis three + xpoa or xpwpa color]. 
The exhibition of three different colors in three 
different aspects. 
trichromatic (tri-kro-mat'ik). Trichromic. 
trichromic (tri-kro'mik) [Gr. rpeis three + xpwpa 
color]. Able to perceive the three primary colors. 
trichuriasis (trik-u-ri'as-is). Same as trichoceph- 
aliasis. 
Trichu'ris trichiu'ra. Same as Trichocephalus 
dispar. 
tricipital (tri-sip'it-al) [L. tricip'itis of the triceps], 
i. Pertaining to the triceps. 2. Having three 
heads. 
tricorn (tri'kom) [L. tres three + cor'nu horn]. A 
lateral ventricle of the brain. 
tricornute (tri-kor'nut) [L. tres three + cornu'tus 
horned]. Having three horns, cornua, or proc- 
esses. 
tricresol, trikresol (tri-kre'sol). A clear, color- 
less, and strongly antiseptic and germicidal com- 
pound of the three cresols, CH3.CeH4.OH. It is 
soluble in water, and is far more active than 
carbolic acid. Dose, |-i| gr. (0.033-0.099 gm.). 
tricresolamin, trikresolamin (tri"kre-sol-am'- 
in). A disinfectant and antiseptic preparation of 
tricresol, 10 parts, and ethylendiamin, 10 parts, 
dissolved in 500 parts of water. 
tricresyl sulfonate (tri-kres'il sul'fon-at). A sub- 
stance used in preparing creosochin. 
tricrotic (tri-krot'ik) [Gr. rpeis three 4- Kpbros 
beat]. Having three sphygmographic waves or 
elevations to one beat of the pulse. 
tricrotism (tri'krot-izm). The quality of being 
tricrotic. 
tricuspid (tri-kus'pid) [L. tricus'pis]. Having 
three points or cusps, t. valve. See under 
valve. 
TRICUSPID trichobacteria (trik"o-bak-te're-ah) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 
4- ^aKrrjpiov rod], i. A group of bacteria includ- 
ing those forms which possess flagella. 2. The 
filamentous or thread-like bacteria. 
trichobezoar (trik-o-be'zo-ar) [Gr. 0pi^ hair 4- 
bezoar]. A hair-ball; a concretion within the 
stomach or intestines formed of hairs. 
trichocardia (trik-o-karide-ah) [Gr. 0pt^ hair 4- 
Kapbla heart]. Hairy heart; a hairy appearance 
upon the heart, due to exudative pericarditis. 
trichocephaliasis (trik"o-sef-al-i'as-is) [Gr. 0pl% 
hair 4- K«<paXij head]. Infestation with some spe- 
cies of Trichoceph'alus. 
Trichocephalus (trik-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. 0pl% hair 4- 
KeipaNi] head]. A genus of intestinal nematode 
animal parasites of the family Trichinellidae. 
T. dis'par, T. trichiu'ra, the species that 
principally infests the human subject. It is about 
2 inches in length, the front portion of its body 
being hair-like in slimness. It inhabits the large 
intestine, and may cause diarrhea, vomiting, and 
nervous disorders, though it usually produces no 
symptoms. It is also known as Trichu'ris trich- 
iu'ra, thread-worm, or whip-worm. 
trichoclasis (trik-ok'las-is) [Gr. 0pl£ hair 4- KXaais 
fracture]. Brittleness of the hair. 
trichocryp tosis (trik"o-krip-to'sis) [Gr. 0pl% hair 
4- KpviTTos concealed]. Disease of the hair-follicles. 
trichocyst (trik'o-sist) [Gr. 0pl% hair 4- idans blad- 
der]. A cell-structure derived from the cytoplasm. 
trichodangeitis (trik"o-dan-je-i'tis) [Gr. rpix^V^ 
hair-like 4- ayytiov vessel + -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the capillaries. 
trichodarteriitis (trik"o-dar-ter-e-i'tis) [Gr. 
Tpixdobvs hair-like 4- apT^pla artery 4- -iris in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the arterioles. 
Trichodectes (trik-o-dek'tez). A genus of para- 
sitic insects. T. la'tus, the dog-louse, found on 
dogs, especially puppies. T. sphseroceph'alus, 
the red-headed sheep louse, found in the wool of 
sheep in Europe and America. 
trichodophlebitis (trik"o-do-fle-bi'tis) [Gr. rpixu- 
oys hair-like 4- <pXap vein 4- -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the venules. 
tricho-epithelioma (trik"o-ep-ith-e-le-o'mah) [Gr. 
0pl^ hair 4- epithelioma}. A skin-tumor whose 
cell-growth starts in the follicles of the lanugo, t. 
papillo'sum multiplex, an eruption of nodules 
and papules arising in the hair-follicles. 
tricho-esthesia (trik"o-es-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 0pL^ 
hair 4- atadriaLs sensation]. The sense which one 
perceives when one of the hairs of the skin has been 
touched; hair sensibility. 
tricho-esthesiometer (trik"o-es-the-ze-om'et-er) 
[Gr. 0pl^ hair 4- alff0T]ais sensation 4" perpov 
measure]. An electric apparatus for measuring 
the hair sensibility, or the sensitiveness of the scalp 
by means of the hairs. 
trichofibro-acanthoma (trik"o-fi"bro-ak-an-tho'- 
mah). A tumor of the epithelium of the lanugo 
follicles and of the prickle-cell layer of the skin. 
trichoflbro-epithelioma (trik"o-fi"bro-ep-e-the- 
le-o'mah). A fibroma of the epithelium of the 
lanugo follicles. 
trichogen (trik'o-jen). An agent which stimulates 
the growth of hair. 
trichogenous (trik-oj'en-us) [Gr. 0pl% hair 4- 
yevvav to produce]. Promoting the growth of the 
hair. 
trichoglossia (trik-o-glos'e-ah) [Gr. 0pl% hair 4- 
yXaio-aa tongue]. A hairy state of the tongue due 
to a thickening of the papillae. 
trichohyalin (trik-o-hi'al-in) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 4- hya- 
lin]. The hyalin of the hair. 
trichoid (trik'oid) [Gr. 0pl£ hair 4- ethos form]. 
Like or resembling a hair, or the hair. 
trichokryptomania (trik"o-krip-to-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. 
TRICHOBACTERIA 
1180 
0ptd- hair + kpvittos crooked + pavla madness]. 
Same as trichorrhexomania. 
tricholabis, tricholabion (trik-o'lab-is, trik-o- 
la'be-on) [Gr.]. Tweezers for pulling out hairs. 
tricholith (trik'o-lith) [Gr. 0pl% hair + Xl0os stone]. 
A hairy concretion. 
trichologia (trik-o-lo'je-ah) [Gr. 0pt^ hair 4- Xeyeiv 
to pull]. The pulling out of the hair by delirious 
or insane patients. 
trichology (trik-ol'o-je) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 4- Xoyos 
treatise]. The sum of what is known regarding 
the hair. 
trichoma (trik-o'mah) [Gr. rplxtopa hairiness], i. I 
Same as entropion. 2. Same as plica polonica. 
trichomania (trik-o-ma'ne-ah). See trichotillo- ■ 
mania. 
trichomatose (trik-o'mat-os). Pertaining to or 
affected with trichomatosis. 
trichomatosis (trik"o-mat-o'sis). Plica polonica 
or other disease of the hair produced by fungi. 
trichomatous (trik-om'at-us). Affected with, of 
the nature of, or pertaining to, trichoma. 
Trichomonas (trik-om'o-nas) [Gr. 0pl^ hair + 
popas unit]. A genus of parasitic protozoa occur- 
ring in the form of flagellate pear-shaped cells 
having three flagella in front, an undulating mem- 
brane, and a trailing flagellum. They cause a 
rather serious disease in turkeys and may cause 
diarrhea in man. T. bucca'lis, a form found in | 
the mouth and especially about the tartar of the 
teeth. T. columba'rum, found in birds affected I 
with diphtheria. T. homi'nis, a species found in I 
the human buccal cavity and intestine. T. 
intestina'lis. Same as T. hominis. T. pul- 
mona'lis, a form, probably the same as T. 
vagina'lis, occurring in the lungs of fetid, bronchitis 
and gangrene of the lungs. T. vagina'lis, a 
species found in the vagina in about io per cent, 
of the cases examined and especially those with an 
acid secretion. It has also been found in the blad- 
der and urethra of man. 
trichomoniasis (tri-ko-mo-ni'as-is). Infestation 
with Trichomonas. 
Trichomycetes (tri-ko-mi-se'tes) [Gr. 0pl£ hair + 
fungus]. A group of filamentous organisms 
intermediate between the bacteria and the higher 
fungi. The group includes actinomyces, leptothrix, 
cladothrix, and nocardia. 
trichomycetosis (tri"ko-mi-se-to'sis). Trichomy- 
cosis. 
trichomycosis (trik"o-mi-ko'sis) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 4- 
pvK-qs fungus]. Any disease of the hair due to a 
vegetable parasite, t. axilla'ris, trichonocar- 
diasis. t. favo'sa, favus. t. nodo'sa, t. 
nodula'ris, a disease in which hard, fungous 
nodules are formed in the shaft of the hair. Called 
also piedra. t. palmelli'na, a disease of the 
hair in the armpits, on the pubes and the inner 
side of the thigh, marked by the formation of a 
jelly-like, yellowish mass on the hair. t. pustu- 
lo'sa, a parasitic hair disease of pustular nature. 
trichonocardiasis, trichonocardiosis (tri"ko- 
no-kar-di'as-is, -kar-de-o'sis). A disease of the 
pubic and axillary hair occurring in tropical regions 
and caused by a mold, Nocardia tenuis. It is 
marked by the formation on the hair-shaft of 
nodose ensheathing masses having a red, yellow, or 
black color. 
trichonosis, trichonosus (trik-o-no'sis, trik-on'- 
o-sus) [Gr. 0pl% hair + vbaros disease]. Any disease 
of the hair. t. furfura'cea, tinea tonsurans, 
t. versic'olor, ringed hair. 
trichopathic (trik-o-path'ik). Pertaining to dis- 
ease of the hair. 
trichopathophobia (tri"ko-path-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 
0pl^ hair + Tra0os disease 4* ipb^os fear]. Morbid 
anxiety with regard to the hair, its growth, dis- 
ease, etc. 
TRICHOPATHOPHOBIA TRICHOPATHY 
1181 
trichopathy (trik-op'ath-e) [Gr. 6pl% hair 4- iraOos 
disease]. Disease of the hair. 
trichophagy (trik-of'aj-e) [Gr. 0pl^ hair + <payeiu 
to eat]. Hair-eating; the practice or habit of eating 
hair. 
trichophobia (trik-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. 0pl% hair 4- 
<pb^os fear]. Morbid dread of hair. 
trichophytic (tri-ko-fit'ik). r. Pertaining to tri- 
chophytosis. 2. Promoting growth of the hair. 
trichophy tin (tri-kof'it-in). A filtrate from cultures 
of the trichophyton microorganism: used in the 
trichophyton test. See under test. 
Trichophyton (trik-of'it-on) [Gr. Opi^ hair 4- <pvrbv 
plant.] A genus of fungoid organisms consisting 
of flat, branched filaments and chains of spores. 
T. acumina'tum, a fragile endothrix com- 
monly found in onchiomycosis. T. asteroi'des, 
a species which produces pustular lesions and 
kerion formations. T. cerebrifor'me, a form of 
resistant endothrix found in cases of tinea sycosis. 
T. craterifor'me, a resistant endothrix com- 
monly found in cases of tinea tonsurans. T. 
cru'ris, a species found in ringworm of the groin 
and in eczemas of the hands and feet. T. fla'- 
vum, an endothritic form of fungus. T. meg- 
alos'poron, the large spored variety of tricho- 
phyton fungus. T. metagraphy'te, an endo- 
ectothrix found in the horse, cow, dog, and some- 
times in man. It causes a form of tinea sycosis. 
T. micros'poron, the small-spored variety of tri- 
chophyton fungus. T. ochra'ceum, an ectothrix 
often found in erythematous scaly circles. T. 
orienta'lis, a species found in man in Japan. T. 
probolu'rus, this species has been found in 
sheep and in man. T. rosa'ceum, an ectothrix 
often found in incompletely circled lesions. T. 
sabourau'di, an endothrix which causes a form of 
tinea tonsurans. T. sub'tilis. See T. instabilis. 
T. ton'surans, the form causing tinea tonsurans. 
T. viola'ceum, a resistant endothrix found in 
tinea tonsurans and in onchiomycosis. T. vitri'- 
nus, a species found in sheep and in man. Some 
of the specific names based on the cultural char- 
acteristics of the organisms are: T. craterifor'me, 
T. cerebrifor'me, and T. viola'ceum are all resistant 
endothrices and the chief causal agents in tinea 
tonsurans; T. acumina'tum is a fragile endothrix; 
this and T. viola'ceum are the chief causal agents in 
onchiomycosis; T. ochra'ceum and T. rosa'ceum are 
endothrices. 
trichophytosis (trik"o-fi-to'sis). The disease pro- 
duced by trichophyton fungus. See tinea tricho- 
phytina. t. cap'itis, tinea tonsurans, t. cor'- 
poris, tinea circinata. t. cru'ris, tinea cruris. 
trichopoliosis (trik"o-pol-e-o'sis) [Gr. dpl^ hair 4- 
ttoXuoctis grayness]. Grayness of the hair. 
trichoptilosis (trik"o-til-o'sis) [Gr. 9pl£ hair 4- 
tttIXov feather], r. Trichorrhexis nodosa. 2. 
The condition in which the hairs are covered with 
feather-like projections. 
trichorrhea, trichorrhoea (trik-or-e'ah) [Gr.0pc$ 
hair 4- poia flow]. Rapid loss of the hair. 
trichorrhexis (trik-or-eks'is) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 4- firsts 
fracture]. A condition in which the hair breaks 
off. t. nodo sa, a disease of the hair character- 
ized by the formation of swellings along the shaft 
of a hair, at which points it is liable to break. The 
disease is seen most frequently in the beard. 
trichorrhexomania (trik"o-rek-so-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. 
Opi^ hair 4- faxis breaking 4- pavla madness]. 
The breaking off of the hair by pinching it with the 
finger-nail. 
trichoschisis (trik-os'kis-is) [Gr. 0pl£ hair 4- axmis 
splitting]. Splitting of the hairs. 
trichoscopy (trik-os'ko-pe) [Gr. 0pl^ hair 4- GKoireiv 
to view]. Examination of the hair. 
trichosis (trik-o'sis) [Gr. rplxuxris]. Any disease 
or abnormal growth of the hair. t. carun'culae, 
abnormal development of the hair on the lacrimal 
caruncle. 
Trichosoma contortum (trik-o-so'mah con-tor'- 
tum) [Gr. Opi^ hair + aiopa body]. A round-worm 
parasitic in domestic fowls. 
Trichosporon (tri-kos'po-ron). A genus of fungus 
which produce trichomycosis nodosa. T. gigan'- 
teum, a species which causes piedra in Columbia. 
T. beige'li has been found in Europe. 
trichosporosis (tri-ko-spo-ro'sis). Infestation with 
Trichosporon. See trichomycosis and piedra t. 
in'dica, piedra occurring in India, t. trop'ica, 
piedra. 
trichostach'is spino'sa. Same as ichthyosis 
thysanotrichica. 
Trichostrongylus (tri-ko-stron'jil-us). A genus 
comprising some of the species formerly included 
in the genus Strongylus. A genus of nematode 
worms of the family Strongylidse. T. insta'bilis, a 
species frequently present in sheep and goats and 
occasionally found in man. T. vitri'nus, a species 
found in sheep and occasionally in man. 
trichosyphilis, trichosyphilosis (trik-o-sif'il-is, 
trik"o-sif-il-o'sis) [Gr. Opi^ hair 4- syphilis]. Any 
hair disease of syphilitic origin or nature. 
Trichothecium (trik-o-the'se-um) [Gr. 6pl^ hair 4- 
Ot]kt] case]. A genus of mold fungi. T. ro'seum 
occurs in the human ear. 
trichotillomania (trik"o-til-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. Opt^ 
hair 4- riXXeco to pull + pavia madness]. The 
insane impulse to pull out one's own hair. 
trichotomous (tri-kot'o-mus) [Gr. rpixa threefold 
+ Topi) cut]. Divided into three parts. 
trichotoxin (tri-ko-toks'in). An antibody which 
has a toxic action on epithelial cells. 
trichotrophy (trik-ot'ro-fe) [Gr. Opi^ hair + 
Tpo<p-q nutrition]. Nutrition of the hair. 
trichroic (tri-kro'ik) [Gr. rpeis three + xpoa color]. 
Exhibiting three different colors in three different 
aspects. 
trichroism, trichromatism (tri'kro-izm, tri-kro'- 
mat-izm) [Gr. rpeis three 4* xpba. or xpwpa color]. 
The exhibition of three different colors in three 
different aspects. 
trichromatic (tri-kro-mat'ik). Trichromic. 
trichromic (tri-kro'mik) [Gr. rpeis three + xp<2pu 
color]. Able to perceive the three primary colors. 
trichuriasis (trik-u-ri'as-is). Same as trichoceph- 
aliasis. 
Trichu'ris trichiu'ra. Same as Trichocephalus 
dispar. 
tricipital (tri-sip'it-al) [L. tricip'itis of the triceps], 
r. Pertaining to the triceps. 2. Having three 
heads. 
tricorn (tri'korn) [L. ires three + cor'nu horn]. A 
lateral ventricle of the brain. 
tricornute (tri-kor'nut) [L. tres three 4- cornu'tus 
horned]. Having three horns, cornua, or proc- 
esses. 
tricresol, trikresol (tri-kre'sol). A clear, color- 
less, and strongly antiseptic and germicidal com- 
pound of the three cresols, CH3.C6H4.OH. It is 
soluble in water, and is far more active than 
carbolic acid. Dose, j-r| gr. (0.033-0.099 gm.). 
tricresolamin, trikresolamin (tri"kre-sol-am'- 
in). A disinfectant and antiseptic preparation of 
tricresol, 10 parts, and ethylendiamin, 10 parts, 
dissolved in 500 parts of water. 
tricresyl sulfonate (tri-kres'il sul'fon-at). A sub- 
stance used in preparing creosochin. 
tricrotic (tri-krot'ik) [Gr. rpeis three 4- Kpbros 
beat]. Having three sphygmographic waves or 
elevations to one beat of the pulse. 
tricrotism (tri'krot-izm). The quality of being 
tricrotic. 
tricuspid (tri-kus'pid) [L. tricus'pis]. Having 
three points or cusps, t. valve. See under 
valve. 
TRICUSPID TRID. 
1182 
Trid. Abbreviation for L. trid'uum, three days. 
trident, tridentate (tri'dent, tri-den'tat). Three 
pronged. 
tridermic (tri-der'mik) [Gr. Tpels three + Seppa 
skin]. Derived from the ectoderm, endoderm, and 
mesoderm. 
tridermoma (tri-der-mo'mah) [Gr. rpeis three + 
Seppa skin + co pa tumor]. A teratoma containing 
all three germ layers. 
trielcon (tri-el'kon) [Gr. rpeis three + eXueiv to 
draw]. A three-branched hook for drawing bullets 
from wounds. 
tri-elixiria (tri"el-iks-ir'e-ah). A proprietary prepa- 
ration containing hops, valerian, etc. 
triencephalus (tri-en-sef'al-us) [Gr. rpeis three + 
eyKecpaXos brain]. A monster-fetus having no 
organs of sight, hearing, or smell. 
triethylamin (tri"eth-il-am'in). A somewhat 
poisonous, oily liquid ptomain, NfCjHsls, with an 
ammoniacal smell, derived from decaying fish. 
trifacial (tri-fa'shal) [L. trifacia'Us], The fifth 
cranial nerve; a nerve of the face. See nerves, 
table of. 
triferrin (tri-fer'en). Iron paranucleinate. 
trifid (tri'fid) [L. trif'idus, from ter thrice + fin'dere 
to split]. Three-cleft. 
trifoliosis (tri-fo-le-o'sis). A disease of horses 
marked by irritation of the skin and of the mucous 
membrane of the mouth and by general disturb- 
ance. The disease is attributed to the eating of 
hybrid clover. 
Trifolium (tri-fo'le-um) [L. tres three + fo'lium 
leaf]. A genus of leguminous plants; the clovers. 
T. arven'se, a species of clover of the north tem- 
perate zone: used homeopathically. T. praten'se, 
the common red clover, is said to be antisyphilitic 
and useful in the treatment of cancer. 
triformol (tri-for'mol). Same as paraform. 
trigastric (tri-gas'trik) [Gr. rpeis three + yaar-pp 
belly]. Having three bellies: said of a muscle. 
trigemin (tri-jem'in). Dimethylaminoantipyrin 
butyl chloral hydrate, C17H24N3O3CI3. A deriva- 
tive of pyramidon and butylchloral hydrate: used 
as an analgesic and sedative in trigeminal neuralgia, 
headache, migraine, etc. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333- 
1-333 gm.). 
trigeminal (tri-jem'in-al) [L. tres three + gem'- 
inus twin]. 1. Triple. 2. Pertaining to the tri- 
geminus. 
trigeminus (tri-jem'in-us) [L. "triple"]- The tri- 
facial or fifth nerve. See nerves, table of. 
trigestia (tri-jes'te-ah). A proprietary combina- 
tion of pepsin, bismuth, and nux vomica: tonic and 
digestant. 
trigger area (trig'er). An area stimulation or irri- 
tation of which may cause physiologic or patho- 
logic changes in another area. t. finger, a con- 
dition in which, in performing flexion or extension, 
there is a momentary spasmodic arrest of move- 
ment, followed by a snapping of the finger into 
place, t. material, a supposed material the 
decomposition of which produces the splitting up 
of the protoplasm that is concerned in the per- 
formance of a function, t. point. Same as t. 
area. 
trigocephalus (tri-go-sef'al-us). ' See trigono- 
cephalus. 
trigon, trigone (tri'gon, Fr. tre-gawn') [L. trigo'- 
num]. A triangular patch or area. t. of the 
bladder. See trigonum vesica. cerebral t., 
the fornix, habenular t., a triangular struc- 
ture at the dorsal part of the habenula. Henke's 
t., a triangular space above and external to the 
spine of the pubis, included between the outer edge 
of the rectus abdominis muscle and the inguinal 
furrow, inguinal t. 1. Henke's trigon. 2. 
Inguinal triangle. Muller's t., a part of the 
tuber cinereum which bends over the optic chiasm. 
olfactory t., the gray root of the olfactory tract. 
Pawlik's t., a triangular series of folds on the 
anterior vaginal wall, corresponding to the trigon 
of the bladder. 
trigonal (tri'go-nal). Triangular; pertaining to a 
trigon. 
trigonid (tri-gon'id). The first three cusps of a lower 
molar tooth. 
trigonitis (trig-on-i'tis) [Gr. rpLywvov triangle 4- 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation or localized 
hyperemia of the trigon of the bladder. 
trigonocephalic (trig"on-o-sef-al'ik). Pertaining 
to or exhibiting the characters of a trigonocephalus. 
trigonocephalus (trig"on-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. rpiyw- 
vos triangular + Ke<paXp head]. A triangular 
headed monster-fetus; a dolichocephalic fetus in 
which, from premature synostosis of the portions 
of the frontal bone, the front part of the head is 
compressed. 
trigonum (tri-go'num) [L.; Gr. rpiyuvov triangle]. 
Any triangular space or patch, t. acus'tici, a 
triangular area on the lower half of the dorsal 
surface of the medulla, bounded externally by 
the restiform body, internally by the hypoglossal 
triangle, and above by the striaa acusticae. t. 
cerebra'le, the fornix of the cerebrum, t. cer- 
vica'le. i. A carotid triangle. 2. The basal 
portion of the posterior gray horn of the Spinal 
cord. t. clavopectora'le, a triangle on the 
chest bounded by the clavicle, the pectoralis 
minor, and the thorax, t. collatera'le [B N A], 
an area in the pars centralis of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain between the posterior and descending 
horns. t. coraco-acromia'le, a triangle 
bounded by the coracoid process, the apex of the 
acromion, and the concave border of the clavicle, 
t. dorsa'le, the space between the anterior 
pair of corpora quadrigemina. t. du'rum, 
the space between the anterior corpora quadri- 
gemina. t. femora'le [B N A]. See inguinal 
triangle, under triangle, t. haben'ulae [B N A], a 
triangular area in the optic thalamus, between the 
pulvinar, habenula, and midbrain, t. hypo- 
glos'si, a whitish field on the floor of the fourth 
ventricle whence arises the twelfth cranial nerve, 
t. interpeduncula're, a space between the 
peduncles of the cerebral crura, t. lenmis'ci [B 
N A], a triangular region on the upper part of the 
outer side of the brachium conjunctivum. t. 
lumba'le [B N A]. See Petit's triangle, under 
triangle, t. olfactoTium [B N A], the triangular 
area of gray matter between the roots of the olfac- 
tory tract, t. omoclavicula're [B N A], the sub- 
clavian triangle, t. va'gi, a dark area on the floor 
of the fourth ventricle, whence the ninth and tenth 
cranial nerves take their origin, t. ventric'uli, 
trigonum collaterale. t. vesi'cae [B N A], the tri- 
angular area of the interior of the bladder, be- 
tween the opening of the ureters and the orifice of 
the urethra. 
trihybrid (tri-hi'brid). A hybrid differing from the 
parents in three characters. 
trihydrate (tri-hi'drat). Trihydroxid; a com- 
pound containing three hydroxyl groups to one 
base. 
trihydric (tri-hi'drik). Containing three hydrogen 
atoms that are replaceable by bases. 
trihydroxid (tri-hi-droks'id). See trihydrate. 
tri-iniodymus (tri"in-e-od'im-us) [Gr. rpels three 
+ Iviov nape of the neck + bibvpos double]._ A 
monster with a single body and three heads united 
behind. 
tri-iodid (tri-i'o-did). A compound in which the 
iodin is combined with the base in the proportion 
of three to one. 
tri-iodomethane (tri-i"o-do-meth'an). Iodoform, 
triketohydrindenhydrate (tri-ke"to-hi-drin- 
den-hi'drat). See ninhydrin. 
triketopurin (tri-ke-to-pu'rin). Uric acid. 
TRIKETOPURIN trikresol (tri-kre'sol). See tricresol. 
trilabe (tri'lab) [Gr. rpeis three + Xa^e to seize]. 
A three-pronged instrument for taking calculi from 
the bladder. 
trilactine (tri-lak'tin). A proprietary culture of 
the Bacil'lus bulgar'icus in liquid form. 
trilaminar (tri-lam'in-ar). Consisting of three 
layers. 
trilateral (tri-lat'er-al) [L. tres three + la'tus side]. 
Three-sided. 
trilaurin (tri-law'rin). A crystalline glycerid, 
C3H5(OC12H23O)3, forming the principal constit- 
uent of cocoanut oil, and found in bayberry oil and 
palm-nut oil. 
trilinolein (tri-lin-o'le-in). A glycerid, C3H5- 
(OCi8H32O)3, found in linseed oil, hempseed oil, 
sunflower oil, etc. 
trill (tril). A tremulous utterance. 
trilliin (tril'e-in). A concentration prepared from 
Tril'Hum pen'dulum, a North American plant: 
astringent, expectorant, and tonic. Dose, 2-4 gr. 
(0.133-0.25 gm.). 
trilobate, trilobed (tri-lo'bat, tri'lobd) [L. tri 
three + lo'bus lobe]. Having three lobes. 
trilocular (tri-lok'u-lar) [L. tres three + loculus 
cell]. Three-celled. 
trimanual (tri-man'u-al) [L. tres three + ma'nus 
hand]. Accomplished by the use of three hands. 
trimastigate, trimastigote (tri-mas'tig-at, -ot). 
Having three flagella. 
trimenon (tri-me'non) [Gr. rpi- three + pqv 
month). A period of three months. 
trimensual (tri-men'su-al). Occurring every three 
months. 
trimercuric (tri-mer-ku'rik). Containing three 
atoms of bivalent mercury. 
trimethylamin (tri"meth-il-am'in). A colorless 
liquid ptomain, (CH3)3N, from various animal and 
vegetable tissues. It probably results from the 
decomposition of cholin, and has been used in 
gout, chorea, and rheumatism, t. hydrochlo- 
rate, a crystalline salt, has been us used thera- 
peutically for rheumatism and gout. Dose, 1-3 
gr. (0.066-0.2 gm.). 
trimethylendiamin (tri-meth"il-en-di-am'in). A 
deadly ptomain, CH2(CH2.NH2)2, from cultures of 
the cholera spirillum. It produces muscular trem- 
ors and convulsions. 
trimethylethylene (tri-meth-il-eth'il-en). An 
anesthetic preparation, isoamylene, (CH3)2C:CH.- 
CH3, derived from tertiary amyl alcohol. 
trimethyloxybutyrobetain (tri-meth-il-oks"e- 
bu-ti"ro-be'ta-in). See carnitin. 
trimethylxanthin (tri-meth-il-zan'thin). Same 
as cafein. 
trimorphous (tri-mor'fus) [Gr. rpeis three + pop^q 
form]. Crystallizing in three different forms. 
trineural (tri-nu'ral). Pertaining to three nerves, 
trineuric (tri-nu'rik) [Gr. rpeis three + vevpLK.bs 
nervous]. Having three neurons. 
trinitrate (tri-ni'trat). A nitrate which contains 
three radicals of nitric acid. 
trinitrin (tri-ni'trin). Same as nitroglycerin. 
trinitrocellulose (tri"ni-tro-sel'u-13s). Same as 
pyroxylin. 
trinitrocresol (tri-ni-tro-kre'sol). An antiseptic 
compound, (NO2)3CeH(CH3)OH, formed by the 
action of concentrated nitric acid on coal-tar 
cresol. 
trinitroglycerin (tri"ni-tro-glis'er-in). Nitroglyc- 
erin. 
trinitrol (tri-ni'trol). Tetranitroerythritol, C4H6- 
(ONO)4. 
trinitrophenol (tri"ni-tro-fe'nol). Picric acid. 
trinitrotoluene (tri-ni-tro-tol'u-en). A high ex- 
plosive, CeH2(NO2)3CH3, obtained by nitrating 
TRIKRESOL 
1183 
toluene. It produces in workers in ammunition 
factories a form of poisoning marked by dermatitis, 
gastritis with abdominal pain, vomiting, constipa- 
tion, flatulence, and blood changes. 
trinity (trin'it-e). A proprietary compound con- 
taining aconitin, digitin, and veratrin. 
trinomial (tri-no'me-al) [L. tri three + no'men 
name]. Composed of three names. 
trinophenon (tri-no-fe'non). An aqueous solution 
of picric acid: used in treatment of burns. 
trinucleate (tri-nu'kle-at). Having three nuclei. 
trinucleotid (tri-nu'kle-o-tid). A nucleic acid 
made up of three mononucleotids, q v. 
triocephalus (tri-o-sef'al-us) [Gr. rpeis three + 
KeipaXq head]. A fetal monstrosity in which the 
structures of the mouth, nose, and eyes are want- 
ing, the head being nearly a shapeless mass. 
Triodontophorus (tri-o-don-tof'o-rus). A genus of 
nematode worms of the family Strongylides. T. 
diminu'tus, a parasite frequently present in monkeys 
and occasionally found in man. 
triolein (tri-o'le-in). Ordinary olein. See olein. 
trional (tri'o-nal). A crystalline powder, diethyl- 
sulphonemethylethylmethane, (C2H5)(CH3)-C(SO2- 
€2115)2, a hypnotic resembling sulphonal. Dose, 
10-30 gr. (0.66-2 gm.). 
triorchid, triorchis (tri-or'kid, tri-or'kis) [Gr. 
rpeis three + opxis testis], A person who has 
three testicles. 
triorchidism, triorchism (tri-or'kid-izm, tri-or'- 
kizm). The condition of having three testicles. 
triose (tri'os) [Gr. rpeis three]. A sugar that con- 
tains three atoms of carbon in the molecule. 
triotonol (tri-o-to'nol). A tonol containing sodium 
glycerophosphate, calcium glycerophosphate, and 
strychnin glycerophosphate. 
trioxid (tri-oks'id). A compound containing three 
atoms of oxygen to one of another element. 
trioxybenzophenon (tri-oks"e-ben-zo-fe'non). 
Salicylresorcin ketone; an antiseptic used in skin 
diseases and typhoid fever. Dose, 45-60 gr. 
(3-4 gm.). 
trioxymethylene (tri-oks-e-meth'il-en). Paraform, 
trioxypurin (tri-oks-e-pu'rin). Uric acid. 
tripalmitin (tri-pal'mit-in). Ordinary palmitin. 
See palmitin. 
tripara (trip'ar-ah) [L. tres three + pa'rere to pro- 
duce]. A woman who has borne three children. 
tripeptid, tripeptide (tri-pep'tid, -tid). A product 
of the union of three amino-acid radicals. They are 
formed during proteolytic digestion. 
triphasic (tri-fa'zik) [Gr. rpeis three + <pdais 
phase]. Triply varied or triply phasic: used in 
the record of experiments regarding the electro- 
motive actions of muscles. 
triphenamin (tri-fen-am'in). A compound of 2-6 
parts of phenocoll, 0.4 part of phenocoll acetate, 
and 1 part of phenocoll salicylate: used for rheuma- 
tism. 
triphenetol-guanidin hydrochlorid. A lo- 
cally anesthetic agent: used in eye treatment in a 
weak solution. 
triphenin (tri-fe'nin). Propionylphenetidin: an 
analgesic, hypnotic, and antipyretic agent in fine 
whitish crystals, C6H4.C2H5O.NH.(CH3.CH2.CO), 
soluble in alcohol and ether and insoluble in water. 
It is used like phenacetin. Dose, 4-15 gr. (0.266- 
1 gm.). 
triphenylalbumin (tri-fen-il-al-bu'min). See 
under albumin. 
triphenylstibinsulphid (tri-fen"il-stib"in-sul'- 
fid). A sulphur preparation which sets free sul- 
phur in a nascent state: used in skin diseases. 
triphthemia (trif-the'me-ah) [Gr. rpi<pOos waste 
matter + alpa blood]. The retention of waste 
products in the blood, t. carbonif'era, triph- 
themia supposed to be due to excess in the use of 
starchy foods. 
TRIPHTHEMIA TRIPIER'S AMPUTATION 
1184 
TROCHANTER 
Tripier's amputation (trip-e-az') [Leon Tripier, 
French surgeon, 1842-1891]. See amputation. 
triple phosphate (trip'l). See phosphate. 
triplegia (tri-ple'je-ah) [Gr. rpc- three + irXqvq 
stroke]. Hemiplegia with paralysis of one limb on 
the opposite side. 
triplet (trip'let). 1. Any one of three persons born 
at the same birth. 2. A combination of three lenses 
in a microscope. 
triplex (tri'pleks) [Gr. rpiirKbos triple]. Triple or 
threefold, t. pills. See pills. 
triploblastic (trip-lo-blas'tik) [Gr. rpcirXoos triple 
+ pXaaros germ]. Having three germ-layers or 
blastodermic membranes: said of an embryo. 
triplopia (trip-lo'pe-ah) [Gr. rpiirXoos triple + o^is 
sight]. Disordered vision in which the objects seen 
seem tripled. 
tripod (tri'pod) [Gr. rpels three + vovs foot]. Any- 
thing having three feet or supports. Haller's t., 
the celiac axis, vital t., the brain, heart, and 
lungs: regarded as the triple support of life. 
tripoli (trip'o-li). Decomposed limestone: used for 
polishing. Called also rotten stone. 
Tripper-faden (trip'er-fah'den) [Ger.]. Gonor- 
rheal threads. 
triprosopus (tri-pros-o'pus) [Gr. rpeis three + 
irpbawTcov face]. A fetal monster having a triple 
face. 
tripsis (trip'sis) [Gr. t pip is rubbing], 1. A tritu- 
ration; the process of trituration. 2. The act of 
shampooing or of massage. 
tripus (tri'pus) [Gr. rpi- three + itohs foot]. A mon- 
ster-fetus with three feet. 
triquetrous (tri-kwe'trus) [L. trique'trus]. Tri- 
angular; three-cornered. 
triquetrum, os triquetrum (tri-kwe'trum, os tri- 
kwe'trum) [L.]. 1. The cuneiform bone of the 
carpus. 2. Any wormian bone. 
triradial, triradiate (tri-ra'de-al, tri-ra'de-at) [L. 
tres three + radia'tus rayed]. Having three rays; 
radiating in three directions. 
triradiation (tri-ra-de-a'shun). Radiation in 
three directions. 
trisaccharid (tri-sak'ar-id). A carbohydrate which 
contains three saccharid groups. 
triskaidekaphobia (tris"ki-dek-of-o'be-ah) [Gr. 
rpiaKacbeKa thirteen + <pb0os fear]. Morbid fear 
of the number thirteen. 
trismic (triz'mik). Of the nature of or pertaining 
to trismus. 
trismoid (triz'moid) [Gr. r pianos trismus + ei3os 
form]. A variety of trismus nascentium, said to be 
due to pressure on the occiput during birth. 
trismus (triz'mus) [Gr. rpt.ap.bs]. Lock-jaw; a 
condition of tetanic spasm of the jaw muscles, 
causing them to be rigidly closed, t. nascen'- 
tium, t. neona'toruin, tetanus of young 
infants due to infection of the navel, t. u'teri, 
spasmodic contraction of the uterus. 
trisnitrate (tris-ni'trat). Same as trinitrate. 
trisplanchnic (tri-splangk'nik) [Gr. rpeis three + 
arrXd'yxva viscera]. Supplying the three great 
body-cavities and their viscera, t. nerve, the 
sympathetic system. See under nerve. 
tristearin (tri-ste'ar-in). Ordinary stearin. See 
stearin. 
tristichia (tri-stik'e-ah) [Gr. rpi- three + arixos 
row]. The existence of three rows of eyelashes. 
tristimania (tris-tim-a'ne-ah) [L. tris'tis sad + 
Gr. pavia madness]. Melancholia. 
trisubstituted (tri-sub'stit-u-ted). Having three 
molecules or atoms replaced by three other mole- 
cules or atoms. 
trisulcate (tri-sul'kat). Having three furrows. 
trisulphid (tri-sul'fid). A sulphur compound con- 
taining three atoms of sulphur to one of the base. 
Trit. Abbreviation for L. tri'tura, triturate. 
tritanopia, tritanopsia (trit-an-o'pe-ah, trit-an- 
op'se-ah) [Gr. rpels three + anopsia]. Violet- 
blindness, as indicating a defect in the third element 
necessary for color vision. See deuleranopia and 
protanopia. 
trithiodoformaldehyd (trith-i"o-do-for-mal'de- 
hid). A crystalline derivative of hydrogen sul- 
phid, formic acid, and lead formate. 
tritica (trit'ik-ah). A proprietary preparation of 
Agropy'rum re'pens: diuretic. 
triticeoglossus (trit-is-e-o-glos'us). An occa- 
sionally occurring muscle extending from the ary- 
tenoid cartilage to the side of the tongue. 
triticeous (tri-tish'e-us) [L. tritic'eus]. Resembling 
a grain of wheat, t. nodule. See corpus tri- 
ticeum. 
triticeum (tri-tis'e-um) [L.]. A nodule in the 
thyrohyoid ligament. See corpus triticeum. 
Triticum (trit'ik-um) [L.]. A genus of grasses, 
including wheat. T. re'pens (Agropy'rum re'pens) 
or couch-grass is diuretic, and is used in cystitis, 
pyelitis, irritable bladder, and gonorrhea. Dose of 
fluidextract, 1-4 fl.dr. (4-16 c.c.). 
tritipalm (trit'e-pahm). A proprietary fluidex- 
tract of Agropy'rum re1 pens and Sereno'a serrula'ta: 
a demulcent diuretic and genito-urinary tonic. 
tritocone (tri'to-kon) [Gr. rpiros third + xwvos 
cone]. The distobuccal cusp of an upper premolar 
tooth. 
tritoconid (tri-to-ko'nid). The distobuccal cusp of 
a lower premolar tooth. 
tritol (tri'tol). Any emulsion of an oil with the 
diastasic extract of malt. 
triton (tri'ton). Trinitrotoluene. 
tritop in (tri-to'pin). An alkaloid of opium, C42H54- 
N2O7, crystallizing in scales and prisms. 
tritotoxin (tri-to-toks'in). A toxin which unites 
less easily with the antitoxin than the prototoxin 
and deuterotoxin. See deuterotoxin, hematoxin, 
heterotoxin, proto toxin. 
tritoxid (trit-oks'id). Same as trioxid. 
triturable (trit'u-ra-bl). Susceptible of being 
triturated. 
triturate (trit'u-rat) [L. tritura're}. 1. To rub to a 
powder. 2. A triturated substance; a trituration. 
trituration (trit-u-ra'shun) [L. tritura'tid]. 1. The 
reduction of solid bodies to a powder by continuous 
rubbing. 2. A triturated drug, especially one 
rubbed up with milk-sugar. 
triturium (trit-u're-um). A vessel for separating 
liquors of different densities. 
trivalence (triv'al-ens). The condition or quality 
of being trivalent. 
trivalent (triv'al-ent) [L. tres three + va'lens 
powerful]. 1. Uniting with or replacing three 
hydrogen atoms. 2. Capable of binding three dif- 
ferent complements: said of an amboceptor. 
trivalin (triv'al-in). A proprietary compound of 
valeric acid with morphin, caffein, and cocain: has 
the analgesic and tonic effects of the alkaloids. 
trivalve (tri'valv) [Gr. Tpeis three + valve]. Having 
three valves or three blades, as a speculum. 
trizonal (tri-zo'nal). Arranged in three zones. 
trocar (tro'kar) [Fr. trois-quarts three-quarters]. 
A sharp-pointed instrument used with a cannula 
for tapping or piercing a cavity-wall in paracen- 
tesis. Duchenne's t., an instrument for re- 
moving small portions of tissue from deep parts for 
microscopic study. Durham's t., piloting t., 
a trocar for introducing a jointed tracheotomy 
tube, rectal t., a curved trocar for tapping the 
bladder through the rectum. 
troch. An abbreviation for trochiscus. 
trochanter (tro-kan'ter) [L.; Gr. Tpox^T^p run- 
ner]. Either of the two processes below the neck 
of the femur. The greater t. is located at the outer 
side; the lesser t., at the inner, third t., t. ter'- TROCHANTERIAN 
1185 
TROPHONEUROSIS 
tius, the gluteal ridge of the femur when it is 
unusually prominent. 
trochanterian, trochanteric (tro-kan-ter'e-an, 
tro-kan-teriik). Pertaining to a trochanter. 
trochantin (tro-kan'tin). The lesser trochanter, 
trochantinian (tro-kan-tin'e-an). Pertaining to 
the lesser trochanter. 
troche (tro'ke) [Gr. rpoxv cake]. A medicated 
tablet or disk; a trochiscus or lozenge. 
trochin (tro'kin) [L. trochi'nus]. The lesser tu- 
berosity of the humerus. ' 
trochiscus (tro-kis'kus), pl. trophis'chi [L.; Gr. 
rpoxlcTKos disk]. A medicated tablet; a troche. 
trochiter (trok'it-er). The greater tuberosity of the 
humerus. 
trochiterian (trok-it-e're-an). Pertaining to the 
trochiter. 
trochlea (trok'le-ah), pl. troch'lece [L. "pulley"]. 
A pulley-shaped part or structure; specifically- 
(a) The fibrocartilaginous pulley near the internal 
angular process of the frontal bone, through 
which the tendon of the obliquus oculi superior 
muscle passes, (b) The inner articular process of 
the humerus, for articulation with the ulna. t. 
hu'meri [B N A]. See trochlea (b). t. labyrin'- 
thi, the cochlea, t. phalan'gis [B N A], the 
articular surface at the distal end of the first and 
second phalanx of the fingers and toes. t. ta'li 
[B N A], the articular surface of the ankle bone for 
articulation with the tibia. 
trochlear (trok'le-ar) [L. trochlea'ris], 1. Of the 
nature of or resembling a pulley. 2. Pertaining to a 
trochlea; also pertaining to the trochlear nerve. 
trochleariform (trok-le-ar'if-orm). Pulley shaped, 
trochlearis (trok-le-a'ris). See muscles, table of, 
and nerves, table of. 
trochocardia (tro-ko-kar'de-ah) [Gr. rpoxos wheel 
+ Kapbla heart]. Displacement of the heart due 
to a rotatory movement on its axis. 
trochocephalia, trochocephaly (tro"ko-sef-a'- 
le-ah, tro-ko-sef'al-e) [Gr. rpoxos wheel + Ke<paXi) 
head]. A rounded appearance of the head caused 
by synostosis of the frontal and parietal bones. 
trochoid (tro'koid) [Gr. rpoxos wheel + etbos form]. 
Resembling a pivot or a pulley. 
trochoides (tro-koi'dez) [Gr. rpoxoeibi]s, from 
rpoxos wheel + elbos form]. A pivot-like joint; 
articulation by a pivot turning within a ring, or 
by a ring turning around a pivot. 
trochorizocardia (trok-o-ri-zo-kar'de-ah). Tro- 
chocardia combined with horizocardia. 
Troisier's ganglion, sign (trwah-ze-az') [Emil 
Troisier, French physician, 1844-1919]. See under 
ganglion and sign. 
Trolard's veins (tro-lardz') [Paulin Trolard, French 
physician]. See vein. 
trolley-buzz (trol'e-buz). A persistent buzzing 
sound said to be heard by persons who ride much 
in electric cars. 
trolley-sickness. A peculiar illness said to be 
caused by riding in electric cars. 
Trbltsch's corpuscles (trel'tshes) [Anton .Fried- 
erich Troltsch, German aurist, 1829-1890]. See 
under corpuscle. 
trombidiiasis (trom-bid-e-i'as-is). Trombidiosis. 
trombidiosis (trom-bid-e-o'sis). Infestation with 
Trombidium (Leptus) irritans. See Leptus. 
Trombidium (trom-bid'e-um). A genus of acarid 
mites. T. akamu'shi, a larval mite believed by 
some to be the agent in transmitting tsutsugamushi 
disease. T. holoseri'ceum, a mite which is 
supposed to be the parent of Leptus autumnalis. 
T. ir'ritans. Same as Leptus irritans. T. mus'- 
cse domes'ticae, a red acarid parasite on the 
house-fly; also a homeopathic preparation of the 
same. 
Trommer's test (trom'erz) [German chemist, 
1806-1879]. See under tests. 
tromomania (trom-o-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. rpbpos 
trembling + pavia madness]. Delirium tremens. 
trona (tro'nah) [possible anagram of natron]. A 
crude soda salt; probably same as urao. 
tropacocain (tro"pah-ko-ka'in). An alkaloid, 
benzoylpseudotropein, C8H14NO.C7H5O, from a 
Javanese plant resembling coca; also prepared 
from atropin and hyoscyamin. It is a local anes- 
thetic, and is used like cocain, especially in eye 
diseases, but is not mydriatic, and does not pro- 
duce ischemia. It is applied in a 3 per cent, solu- 
tion. The hydrochlorate is the salt most fre- 
quently employed. 
tropaeolin (tro-pe'o-lin). See tropeolin. 
tropate (tro'pat). A salt of tropic acid. 
trope in (tro'pe-in). Any ester of tropin; a com- 
pound of tropin with an organic acid. The natural 
mydriatic alkaloids are tropeins. 
tropeolin (tro-pe'o-lin). One of a number of anilin 
dyes of a yellow color. They are used as tests for 
acids, which turn them brown. It is resorcin 
azoparabenzene sulfonic acid and has a Ph range of 
11.1 to 12.7. t. D. See methyl-orange, under 
methyl, t. O, an indicator, the sodium salt of 
resorcinol-azobenzeneparasulphonic acid, (OH^Ce- 
H3.N2.C6H4.SO2.ONa, with a Ph range of 11 to 
12.6, being yellow at 11 and orange at 12.6. t. 
OO, an indicator, the sodium salt of diphenyl- 
amino-azobenzene-parasulphonic acid, CeHs.NH.- 
CeH4.N2.C6H4.SO2.ONa, with a Ph range of 1.6 to 
2.6, being red at 1.6 and yellow at 2.6. t. OOO, 
an indicator, the sodium salt of betanaphthol-azo- 
benzene-parasulphonic acid, OH.C10H6.N2.CeH4.- 
S02.0Na. It varies in color from yellow to red as 
the reaction becomes more alkaline. 
trophectoderm (trof-ek'to-derm) [Gr. rpo^ 
nourishment + ectoderm], The outer layer of cells 
of the early blastodermic vesicle; it develops into 
the trophoderm. 
trophedema (trof-e-de'mah) [Gr. rpotp-q nourish- 
ment + edema], A disease marked by permanent 
edema of the feet or legs. 
trophema (tro-fe'mah) [Gr. rpo<p-q nutrition -f- 
alpa blood]. The nourishing blood of the mucosa 
of the uterus. 
trophesy (trof'es-e) [Gr. rpo<pr) nourishment]. De- 
fective nutrition due to disorder of the trophic 
nerves. 
trophic (trof'ik) [Gr. rpo<piKbs], Of or pertaining 
to nutrition, t. center. See center. 
trophicity (tro-fis'it-e). A trophic function or re- 
lation. 
trophism (trof'izm). Direct trophic influence. 
trophoblast (trof'o-blast) [Gr. Tpo<p-q nourishment 
+ fiXaurbs germ]. The epiblastic layers which 
line the chorionic villi in the fetal villi. 
trophoblastoma (trof"o-blas-to'mah). Chorio- 
epithelioma. 
trophochromidia (trof"o-kro-mid'e-ah) [Gr. 
Tpo<pi) nutrition + chromidia], That part of the 
extranuclear chromatin of a cell which has no 
sexual or reproductive function. Cf. idiochromidia. 
trophoderm (trof'o-derm) [Gr. rpo<p-q nutrition 
+ Seppa skin]. A layer on the outside of the 
blastodermic vesicle, by which attachment is made 
to the uterine wall and nourishment obtained there- 
from. 
trophodynamics (trof-o-di-nam'iks) [Gr. rpb<pr) 
nutrition + dynamics]. The study of the forces 
engaged in nutrition. 
tropho-edema (trof"o-e-de'mah). Trophedema, 
trophology (tro-fol'o-je) [Gr. Tpo<pri nutrition + 
Xbyos treatise]. The science of nutrition of the 
body. 
trophoneurosis (trof"o-nu-ro'sis) [Gr. rpo<pf) nour- 
ishment -|- neurosis], 1. Any functional nervous 
disease due to the failure of nutrition from defective 
nerve influence, disseminated t., scleroderma. TROPHONEUROTIC 
1186 
TRYPANOPHIS 
facial t., facial hemiatrophy, lingual t., 
progressive hemiatrophy of the tongue, mus- 
cular t., trophic alteration of muscular tissue, de- 
pendent on nervous derangement, t. of Rom- 
berg, facial hemiatrophy. 
trophoneurotic (trof"o-nu-rot'ik). Pertaining tc 
or of the nature of a trophoneurosis. 
trophonine (trofo-nin). A proprietary food from 
beef, eggs, and gluten. 
trophonosis (trof-o-no'sis) [Gr. Tpo<pr) nutrition 4- 
vbaos disease]. Any disease or disorder due tc 
nutritional causes. 
trophonucleus (trof-o-nu'kle-us) [Gr. rpo<p-q nutri- 
tion -|- nucleus]. That nucleus of a cell which is 
concerned with the nutritive function of the cel] 
and not with its reproductive function. 
trophopathia (trof-o-path'e-ah). Trophopathy. 
trophopathy (trof-op'ath-e) [Gr. rpoip-q nourish- 
ment 4- Trafios suffering]. Any derangement of the 
nutrition. 
trophoplasm (trof'o-plasm) [Gr. rpo^ri nourish- 
ment 4- irXdapa something formed]. The achrom- 
atin of a cell: so called because it is supposed tc 
take part in cell nutrition. 
trophoplast (trof'o-plast) [Gr. rpo<pr) nourishmenl 
4- irXaaros formed]. A granular protoplasmic 
body; a plastid. 
trophospongium (trof-o-spon'je-um) [Gr. rpo<pi 
nutrition 4- airoyyla sponge]. A canalicular net 
work in the cytoplasm of certain cells which ii 
probably instrumental in the circulation of nutri 
tive material. 
trophotaxis (trof-o-taks'is) [Gr. Tpo^ nutritior 
4- ra£is arrangement]. The adjustment of cell: 
in relation to a supply of food. 
trophotherapy (trof-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. Tpo<pr) nutri 
tion 4- therapy]. Treatment of disease by dietetic 
measures. 
trophotonos (tro-fot'o-nos) [Gr. Tpoipri nutrition 4- 
topos tension], A rigid state of the flagella of a 
microorganism, resulting from improper nourish 
ment. 
trophotropism (tro-fot'ro-pizm) [Gr. Tpo<pi] nour- 
ishment 4- rpeireiv to turn]. The chemotaxis ol 
the nutritive matter of cells, negative t., the 
aversion which certain cells display toward nu 
tritive matters, positive t., affinity on the pari 
of certain cells for nutritive matters. 
trophozoite (trof-o-zo'it) [Gr. Tpo<pi) nutrition 4- 
^w>v animal]. A sporozobn in an early stage 
when it occupies an epithelial or blood-cell, beinf 
nourished by the cell. A trophozoite may develoj 
by schizogony into a schizont, or by sporogony intc 
a sporont. 
tropical (trop'ik-al) [Gr. rpoiriKos turning]. Per 
taining to the intertropical regions of the earth. 
tropidin (trop'id-in). An oily, liquid base, CgH13N 
with an odor like that of coniin, formed by the de- 
hydration of tropin. 
tropin (tro'pin). 1. A crystalline substance, CgHis 
NO, with a smell like tobacco, derivable from 
atropin and from various plants. 2. See bacterio- 
tropin. 
tropism (tro'pizm). [Gr. rpoirf) turn]. The ten- 
dency of a cell or organism to react in a definite 
manner in response to external stimuli. Chemo- 
tropism, phototropism, sitotropism, etc., are ex- 
amples of this phenomenon. 
tropometer (tro-pom'et-er) [Gr. rponfl twist 4- 
perpov measure]. 1. An instrument for measuring 
the rotation of the eyeball. 2. An instrument foi 
measuring the twist or torsion of a long bone. 
tropon (trop'on). A brownish powder prepared 
from vegetable and animal albumins: nutrient. 
trotyl (tro'til). Same as trinitrotoluene. 
Trousseau's phenomenon, sign (tru-soz' 
[Armand Trousseau, French physician, 1801-1867] 
See phenomenon. T's spots. Same as tacht 
cerebrale. 
troy ounce (troi). An ounce in troy weight, con- 
taining 480 grains, t. weight. See weights and 
measures. 
true (tru). Actually existing; not false; real; as, 
true aneurysm, pains, pelvis, etc. See under the 
nouns. 
truncal (trun'kal). Pertaining to the trunk. 
truncate (trun'kat) [L. trunca're, trunca'tus]. 1. 
To amputate; to deprive of limbs. 2. Having the 
end cut squarely off. 
truncus (trung'kus). Latin for trunk, t. arte- 
rio'sus, an arterial trunk, especially an artery 
connected with the fetal heart. It gives off the 
aortic arches and develops into the aortic and 
pu'monary arteries, t. bronchomediastina'- 
lis dex'ter [B N A], a lymphatic trunk formed by 
union of lymphatics from the bronchial and me- 
diastinal nodes of the right side and emptying into 
the right lymphatic duct. t. corpo'ris callo'si 
[BN A], the body of the corpus callosum, t. 
costocervica'lis [B N A], the beginning of the 
superior intercostal artery, t. intestina'lis 
communis, the common intestinal lymphatic 
vessel, t. jugula'ris [B N A], the lymphatic duct 
which conveys the lymph from the head and neck, 
t. lumbosacra'lis, the lumbosacral cord. t. 
lymphat'icus intestina'lis, the efferent vessel 
of the lacteals and of the principal abdominal 
lymphatics, flowing to the receptaculum chyli. t. 
lymphat'icus lumba'lis (right and left), two 
large lymph-vessels of the loin and abdomen, flow- 
ing to the receptaculum chyli. t. subcla'vius 
[B N A], a lymphatic duct draining the left upper , 
extremity and emptying into the thoracic duct at 
the root of the neck.' t. thyreocervica'lis [B N 
A], the thyroid axis. 
Trunecek's serum (troo'net-seks) [C. Trunecek, 
physician in Prague]. See under serum. 
trunk (trungk) [L. trun'cus], 1. The body con- 
sidered apart from the head and limbs. 2. The 
main stem of a vessel or nerve, sympathetic 
t., a strand of sympathetic nerves and ganglia 
extending along each side of the vertebral column. 
trusion (tru'zhun) [L. tru'dere to shove]. A shoving 
or pushing. In dentistry, malposition of a tooth, 
bimaxillary t., malposition of the teeth in both 
jaws, bodily t., malposition of the entire tooth, 
crown and root, coronal t., malposition of the 
crown of a tooth, the root being normally placed, 
mandibular t., malposition of the mandibular 
teeth, maxillary t., malposition of the maxillary 
teeth. 
truss (trus). A device for retaining a reduced 
hernia in its place, nasal t., a truss-like support 
for fractured nasal bones. 
trypaflavine (tri-pah-fla'vin). See acriflavine. 
trypan-atoxyl (tri"pan-at-oks'il). A supposed 
body formed by a combination between atoxyl and 
some albuminous substance in the body of a pa- 
tient affected with trypanosomiasis. 
trypan-blue, trypanblau (tri'pan blu, tri'pan- 
blaw). A dye that has been used as a remedy in 
protozoan infections. It is the sodium salt of 
tolidin-diazo-bilamido-naphthol-disulphonic acid. 
It is called also diamine blue, Congo blue, azidin 
blue, and Niagara blue. 
trypanid, trypanide (try'pan-id). An eruption 
occurring in trypanosomiasis. 
trypanocidal (tri-pan-o-si'dal). Destructive to 
trypanosomes. 
trypanocide (tri-pan'o-sid). An agent or drug that 
destroys trypanosomes. 
trypanolysis (tri-pan-ol'is-is). The destruction, of 
trypanosomes. 
trypano lytic (tri-pan-o-lit'ik). Destructive to 
trypanosomes. 
Trypanophis (tri-pan-o'fis). A parasite resembling 
Trypanoplasma, but with a very small kineto- 
nucleus. Trypanoplasma (tri"pan-o-plaz'mah). A genus 
of sporozoan parasites resembling trypanosoma, 
but having a posterior, as well as an anterior, 
whip. T. abram'idis is found in the bream 
(Abramis brama). T. intestina'lis is found in a 
salt-water fish, Box Boops. It was the first try- 
panosome-like organism to be found outside the 
blood. T. trut'tae is found in the trout (Salmo 
fario). T. ventric'uli is found in Cyclopterus 
lumpus. 
trypanosan (tri-pan'o-san). A dye-stuff used in 
treating trypanosomiasis. 
Trypanosoma (tri"pan-o-so'mah) [Gr. rpviravov 
borer + oaipa body]. A genus of sporozoan para- 
sites found in the blood of man and animals, char- 
acterized by the delicate, undulatory membrane 
attached to the body and whip-like flagellum. 
Most species five part of their life cycle in insects 
or other invertebrate hosts where they undergo 
remarkable transformations: x. They are rounded 
bodies resembling Leishmania. 2. They are elon- 
gated, with a flagellum at one end. 3. They have 
an undulating membrane for half their length 
like crithidia, and 4. The undulating membrane 
extends the entire length and they become typical 
trypanosomes. T. america'num, a species in- 
fecting cattle in the United States. T. a'vium, a 
parasite 20 to 70 microns long found in the blood 
of birds, but apparently not pathogenic. T. 
bru'cei occurs in the disease nagana or tsetse-fly 
disease of horses and cattle of central Africa. T. 
calmet'ii, a species found in the blood of a 
domestic fowl in Tonkin. T. castella'ni. See 
T. gambiense. T. cazal'boui, a species parasitic 
in the goat in French Guiana and is transmitted 
by the biting fly Stomoxys bouffardi. T. congo- 
len'se, a species causing a disease that resembles 
nagana in southern Africa. T. cru'zi, a species 
said to be the cause of Chagas' disease. T. di- 
mor'pha, a species causing a disease of horses 
and other domestic animals in Gambia and other 
parts of Africa. It is transmitted by Glossina 
palpalis and perhaps by other species. T. equi'- 
num, the species found in horses suffering from 
mal de caderas, a disease of central South America. 
T. equiper'dum, T. rouge'ti, found in the 
disease of horses in Algeria called dourine. T. 
evan'si, found in the disease surra of mules and 
horses in India. T. gambien'se, found in the 
cerebrospinal fluid and the blood of man in cases 
of tropical splenomegaly, sleeping-sickness, and 
various cachexial fevers of warm countries. See 
Congo trypanosomiasis, under trypanosomiasis. 
T. granulo'sum, a species parasitic in the eel. 
Its intermediate host is the leech, Hemiclepsis 
marginata. T. grus'sei, a species found in 
horses and other domestic anima1® in Africa. T. 
hip'picum, the species causing a disease of horses 
and mules known in Panama as murrinans de cad- 
eras and as derrengadera de caderas. T. in- 
opina'tum, a species parasitic in the frog and 
transmitted by a leech, Helobdella algira. T. 
lew'isi, a species found in the blood of the rat, 
and transmitted by a second host, the rat flea, 
Ceratophyllus fasciatus. T. lu'is, a protozoan 
resembling Spirochce'ta pal'lida, found in syph- 
ilitic lesions. T. metacyclique, a small and 
immature form of T. granulosum. T. niger- 
ien'se, the form which causes sleeping-sickness in 
Nigeria. T. noc'tuse, a species found in the 
blood of the little owl, being disseminated by the 
gnat, Cu'lex pip'iens. T. pecau'di, a species said 
to cause the disease baleri. See baleri. T. 
rhodesien.se, a species found in the antelope in 
Nyassaland in South Africa. It may be trans- 
mitted to man by the bite of Glos'.sina mor'sitans. 
It causes a form of sleeping-sickness (kaodzera) 
and may be identical with T. gambiense. T. 
rotato'rium, the type species of the genus, and 
found in the blood of several species of frogs. 
T. san'guinis, a species discovered by David 
Gruby in 1843. T. soudanen'se, a species found 
TRYPANOPLASMA 
1187 
in camels which causes tahaga. T. thei'leri, a 
species found in cattle affected with the disease 
galziekte. T. triato'mae, a form very similar to 
T.cruzi. T. uganden'se. Same as T. gambiense. 
T. venezuelen'se, a species causing a disease 
of horses in Venezuela called "peste-boba" or des- 
rangardera. Other species are: T. annamen'se, 
found in horses in Annam and Tonkin. T. a'vium, 
found in the wood owl. T. blanchar'di, found in the 
dormouse. T. Christopher'si, found in a tick. T. 
crice'ti, found in the hamster. T. cu'licis, found in 
the mosquito. T. damo'nice, found in an Asiatic 
tortoise (Damonia reversi). T. elephan'ti, found in 
the elephant. T. gra'vi, found in Glossina palpalis. 
T. pad'da, found in the Java sparrow. T. pithon'is, 
found in the boa. T. togolen'se, found in horses in 
Togoland. T. tul'lochi, found in Glossina palpalis. 
trypanosomal (tri-pan-o-so'mal). Pertaining to 
or caused by trypanosomes. 
trypanosomatic (tri-pan-o-so-mat'ik). Pertaining 
to or caused by trypanosomes. 
trypanosomatosis (tri-pan"o-so-mat-o'sis). Try- 
panosomiasis. 
trypanosome (tri-pan'o-sbm). Any individual of 
the genus Trypanosoma. 
trypanosomiasis (tri-pan"o-so-mi'as-is). The dis- 
eased condition caused by the presence in the body 
of a parasite of the genus Trypanosoma. It is 
marked by fever, anemia, and erythema. African 
t., Congo trypanosomiasis. American t., Bra- 
zilian t. See Chagas' disease, under disease. 
Congo t., a disease due to invasion with Trypan- 
osoma gambiense, and common among the negroes in 
tropical Africa. The parasite is conveyed by the 
bite of the fly Glossina palpalis. The early stage of 
the disease (known as trypanosome fever) is ushered 
in by fever, chills, headache, and vomiting. There 
are then alternating periods of fever and apyrexia 
lasting for several months. This is followed by 
pains in the extremities, enlargement of the lymph- 
glands, and anemia. Later the central nervous 
system becomes involved, producing sleeping 
sickness, when the patients become depressed, 
tremulous, lethargic, and somnolent, until finally 
they sleep all the time, become emaciated, and 
eventually die. The disease may last for years, 
but is always fatal after the nervous system has 
become involved. Sleeping sickness is also known 
as African lethargy, nelavan, negro lethargy, and 
narcolepsy. Cruz t., Chagas' disease. Rho- 
desian t. See kaodzera. South American t., 
Chagas' disease. 
trypanosomic (tri-pan-o-so'mik). Pertaining to or 
infected with trypanosomes. 
trypanosomicide (tri-pan-o-so'mi-sid) [trypano- 
some + L. ca'dere, to kill]. Destructive to try- 
panosomes. 
trypanosomid, trypanosomide (tri-pan'o-so- 
mid). A skin eruption occurring in trypanoso- 
miasis. 
trypan-red (tri'pan-red). Same as trypanroth. 
trypanroth (tri'pan-roth). A brown powder, sol- 
uble in water, formed by introducing H?SO4 rad- 
icals in the benzol ring of benzopurpurin. It is 
injected for the purpose of destroying trypano- 
somes or for conferring immunity against infection 
by them, and is also used in gastric carcinoma and 
lymphadenitis. 
tryparosan (tri-par'o-san). A preparation formed 
by introducing a halogen radical (e. g., chlorin) into 
the parafuchsin molecule: used by injection in 
trypanosomiasis. 
tryparsamid (tri-par'sam-id). The sodium salt of 
N-phenylglycinamid-p-arsonic acid: used in try- 
panosome infection. 
trypasafrol (tri-pas-af'rol). One of the safranin 
group of anilin dyes: believed to be useful in try- 
panosomiasis. 
trypesis (trip'e-sis) [Gr. rpv-irrpris]. Trephination. 
TRYPESIS TRYPOCASTELLAN ELLXE 
TUBE 
Trypocastellanellae (tri"po-kas-tel-yan-el'e). A 
type of trypanosomes embracing the genera 
Castellanella, Schizotry panum, and Duttonella. 
trypochete (tri'po-ket). A name given to Dohle's 
inclusion bodies. See under body. 
trypsalin (trip'sal-in) [Gr. rpif/ts a rubbing]. A 
proprietary digestant remedy. 
trypsase (trip'sas). Trypsin considered as an 
enzyme or non-organized ferment. 
trypsin (trip'sin) [Gr. rpupis a rubbing]. The main 
proteolytic ferment of the pancreatic secretion, 
discovered by Willy Kiihne in 1874. It changes 
proteins into peptones. The steps of the change 
consist of the splitting of the protein into hemi- 
albumose and antialbumose, the latter of which 
is converted into antipeptone and the former 
changed into hemipeptone, which is finally split 
up into putrefactive matters, such as leucin and 
tyrosin. Trypsin has been used therapeutically. 
Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). 
trypsinized (trip'sin-izd). Having its antitryptic 
power abolished: said of blood-serum which has 
been allowed to stand stagnant upon disintegrated 
leukocytes. 
trypsinogen (trip-sin'o-jen) [trypsin + Gr. yev- 
vav to produce]. The zymogen occurring in the 
pancreas, from which trypsin is formed by split- 
ting up during the secretion of the pancreatic 
juice into trypsin and a protein substance. 
trypsogen (trip'so-jen). 1. Same as trypsinogen. 
2. A tablet made from the enzyme of the islands of 
Langerhans with the tryptic and amylolytic fer- 
ments of the pancreas and gr. of gold bromid 
and gr. of arsenic bromid in each tablet. 
Used in diabetes and glycosuria and in neuras- 
thenic conditions. Dose, 1-3 tablets. 
tryptic (trip'tik) [Gr. Tpi^cs a rubbing]. Relating 
to or produced by trypsin. 
tryptogen (trip'to-jen). A combination of diges- 
tive ferments with gold and arsenic bromids: used 
in diabetes. 
tryptolysis (trip-tol'is-is) [tryptone + Gr. \bacs 
dissolution]. The splitting up of tryptone. 
tryptone (trip'ton). Any peptone produced by the 
digestion of albuminates by trypsin. 
tryptonemia (trip-to-ne'me-ah) [tryptone + Gr. 
al pa blood]. The presence of tryptones in the 
blood. 
tryptophan (trip'to-fan). An amino-acid, CsHe- 
N.CH2.CH.NH2COOH, or indol aminopropionic 
acid, existing in proteins, from which it is set free 
by tryptic digestion. It is a chromogen giving a 
violet color with bromin and chlorin. Called also 
proteinochromogen. t. test. See under test. 
T. S. An abbreviation for test-solution. 
tsetse (tset'se). An African fly of the genus Glossi'na. 
See Glossina. t.-fly disease, trypanosomiasis. 
Tsuga (tsu'gah). A genus of coniferous trees. T. 
canaden'sis affords Canada pitch. 
tsutsugamushi disease. See under disease. 
T. U. An abbreviation for toxic unit. 
tua-tua (tu"ah-tu'ah). A plant which is used in 
leprosy. 
tub (tub). To treat by means of the cold bath. 
tuba (tu'bah), L.; pl. tu'bce. Latin for tube. t. 
acus'tica, t. auditi'va, the eustachian tube, 
t. uteri'na, the fallopian tube. 
tubage (tu'baj). Intubation; the introduction of a 
tube into a cavity or canal. 
tubal (tu'bal). Pertaining to a tube, as the fallo- 
pian tube or the eustachian tube. 
tubarsyl (tu-bar'sil) A preparation of sodium 
amidophenylarsenate and old tuberculin: used in 
the treatment of tuberculosis. 
tubba, tubboe (tub'ah, tub'o). Yaws attacking 
the soles and palms. 
1188 
tube (tub) [L. tuba, tubus]. An elongated hollow 
cylindric organ or instrument. air-t., any 
tubular passage of the respiratory apparatus, 
auditory t., the eustachian tube, aus- 
cultatory t., a tubular instrument used in test- 
ing the sense of hearing. Bellini's t's, the 
connecting tubes of the kidney. See tubule, 
uriniferous. Bellocq's t. See Bellocq's can- 
nula, under cannula. Bochdalek's t's, cecal 
cavities connected with the thyroglossal duct, 
together with which they usually disappear soon 
after birth. Bouchut's t's, a set of tubes for 
use in the intubation of the larynx. Bowman's 
t's, corneal t's, tubes formed artificially be- 
tween the lamellae of the cornea in the process of 
injection. Buchner's t., the outer tube used in 
Buchner's method of anaerobic cultivation of 
microorganisms, t.-casts. See cast, cerebro- 
medullary t., a tube of the embryo, formed by 
the inverted epiblast, from which the cerebrospinal 
axis is developed; the neural canal. Chaussier's 
t., a trumpet-shaped tube for performing insuffla- 
tion of the lungs, collecting t's. See urinif- 
erous tubules, under tubule. Coolidge t., an x-ray 
tube, the cathode of which consists of a tungsten 
spiral enclosed by a molybdenum tube.. The target, 
which forms the anode, being of massive tungsten. 
The intensity of the ray varies with the temperature 
of the electrically heated cathode, corneal t., a 
tube-like passage sometimes seen between the layers 
of the cornea. Crookes' t., an exhausted vacuum- 
tube in which the rarefaction is carried to such a 
degree that molecular actions have free play: it 
is used in obtaining Rontgen rays. See Rontgen 
rays. Debove's t., a tube for lavage of the 
stomach, marked so as to show when it has 
reached that organ. Depaul's t.,a tube for 
performing insufflation of the lungs. Do- 
minici's t., a tube of silver for applying 
radium emanations which permits the passage 
of the /3- and 7-rays only. drainage-t., 
a tube used in surgery to facilitate the escape of 
fluids. Durham's t., a jointed tracheotomy 
tube. Esmarch's t's, tubes used in making roll- 
cultures of bacteria, esophageal t., a soft, flexi- 
ble tube for lavage of the stomach and forcible feed- 
ing. eustachian t., the passage from the naso- 
pharynx to the tympanum. It is from to 2 
inches long, and is made up of a bony part, situ- 
ated in the temporal bone, and a cartilaginous 
part, ending in the pharynx. Its purpose is to 
equalize the air-pressure within the tympanum 
with that of the external air. fallopian t. See 
oviduct, feeding t., a tube for introducing 
food into the stomach, fermentation t., a 
0-shaped tube with one arm closed for determining 
gas production by bacteria. Ferrein's t's, the 
convoluted uriniferous tubules, fusion t's, a pair 
of tubes used in observing and cultivating the 
power of fusion in eyes affected with heterophoria. 
Geissler's t., a. tube containing a highly rarefied 
gas. granulation-t., a laryngeal intubation 
tube with a large head which covers any granula- 
tions that may have been formed about the 
wound. Henle's looped t's. See uriniferous 
tubules, under tubule. Hittorf t., Crookes' tube, 
intubation t., tracheotomy t., a breathing 
tube introduced after tracheotomy or laryngotomy. 
Keidel t., avacuum bulb for obtaining blood from 
a vein. Kelly's t's, the proctoscope and sig- 
moidscope. Killian's t's, tubes for use in re- 
moving foreign bodies from the trachea and esoph- 
agus. Kimpton-Brown t., a tube for per- 
forming indirect transfusion of blood. It is a cyl- 
indrical tube terminating in a fine pipet at the 
lower end and having near the upper end an arm 
for the attachment of a simple ball hand-pump. 
The inside of the tube is coated with paraffin to 
prevent the blood from coagulating. Kobelt's 
t's, the remains of the tubules of the wolffian 
body in the paroophoron. Leiter's t's, flex- 
ible tubes of metal to be coiled about some part 
of the body: cold water is passed through them so as to reduce the temperature. Martin's t., a 
drainage-tube with a cross-piece near the end to 
retain the tube in place, medullary t., the 
neural canal of the embryo from which are de- 
veloped the brain and spinal cord. Miescher's 
t's, sarcosporidia in the muscles of domestic ani- 
mals: when mature, they break up into spores. 
Called also Rainey's t's. Momberg's t. See 
Momberg's belt, under belt. Neuber's t's, 
drainage-tubes of bone, neural t. Same as 
medullary t. O'Beirne's t., a long, flexible tube 
for injecting fluids into the sigmoid flexure. O'- 
Dwyer's t., an intubation tube. otophar- 
yngeal t., the eustachian tube. ovarian 
t's. 1. Tube-like groups of immature ova 
embedded in the stroma of the ovary. Called 
also Pfliiger's t's. 2. Ingrowths of the germ- 
epithelium of the wolffian bodies; from them is 
developed the cortex of the ovaries. Paul-Mixter 
t., a large-calibered, flanged drainage-tube of glass 
used for temporary intestinal anastomosis. Pflii- 
ger's t's. 1. The ovarian tubes. 2. The salivary 
tubes. Rainey's t's. See Miescher's t's. 
Rehfuss's t. See Rehfuss's test, under test. 
Ruysch's t., a very small tubular opening on 
the nasal septum, just below and before the naso- 
palatine foramen: it is a relic of the fetal Jacobson's 
organ, safety-t., a small portion of the upper 
end of the eustachian tube, which, being slightly 
open, permits a recoil of air from the tympanum 
when the drum-membrane is suddenly driven in, 
thus equalizing the pressure in the tympanic 
cavity from the pharynx, salivary t's, the 
interlobular ducts of the salivary glands. Scha- 
chowa's spiral t. See uriniferous tubules, under 
tubule. Southey's t's, cannulas of small cal- 
iber pushed by means of a trochar into the tissues to 
drain them, sputum t., a graduated capillary 
tube for containing sputum to be rotated in the cen- 
trifuge. stomach-t., a tube for feeding or for 
washing out the stomach, tampon-t., a piece 
of stout rubber tubing wound with iodoform gauze, 
It is used in plugging the rectum to control oozing, 
and at the same time allow the escape of gas. 
test-t. See test-tube, tracheotomy t., a 
curved tube to be inserted into the trachea through 
the opening made in tracheotomy, uterine t., 
the fallopian tube, vacuum-t., a glass tube from 
which the air has been exhausted. See Crookes' t. 
and Geissler's t. Voltolini's t., a tube for 
keeping open an incision in the tympanic mem- 
brane. West t. See West tube method, under 
method. 
tubectomy (tu-bek'to-me). Excision of a portion 
of the fallopian tube. 
tuber (tu'ber), pl. tu'bera [L.]. An enlargement, 
knot, or swelling, t. annula're, the pons, 
t. ante'rius. Same as t. cinereum. t. cal- 
ca'nei [B N A], the tuberosity of the heel. t. 
cinereum [B N A], an eminence of gray sub- 
stance on the floor of the third ventricle, back of 
the optic tract. It is believed to be the location of 
the center for controlling body-heat. t. coch'- 
leae, the promontory of the tympanum, dorsal 
t., the most posterior of the segments of the inferior 
vermis. Called also t. posti'cum. eustachian 
t., a tuber on the wall of the labyrinth of the tym- 
panum below the fenestra ovalis. frontal t., 
the frontal eminence, t. is'chii, the tuberosity 
of the ischium, t. maxilla're [B N A], the tuber- 
osity of the superior maxillary bone. t. omen- 
ta'le [B N A], a prominence on the under surface 
of the left lobe of the liver, and also one on the 
middle of the pancreas, which project against the 
lesser omentum, parietal t., the parietal emi- 
nence of the parietal bone. t. posti'cum. See 
dorsal t. t. ra'dii, bicipital tuberosity, t. val'- 
vulae. Same as t. ver'mis. t. ver'mis [BNA], 
the posterior portion of the inferior vermis of the 
cerebellum, t. zygomat'icum, a small promi- 
nence near the origin of the zygomatic process of 
the temporal bone. 
TUBECTOMY 
1189 
tuberal (tu'ber-al). A solution of the extract of 
tubercle bacilli, given internally in tuberculosis. 
tubercle (tu'ber-kl) [L. tuber1culum], i. A nodule 
or small eminence; especially a solid elevation of 
the skin, larger in size than a papule. 2. A rough, 
rounded eminence on a bone. 3. Any mass of 
small, rounded nodules produced by the mycobac- 
terium of tuberculosis. It is the characteristic le- 
sion of tuberculosis, and consists of a translucent 
mass, gray in color, made up of small spheric cells 
which contain giant-cells and are surrounded by a 
layer of spindle-shaped connective-tissue cells 
known as epitheloid cells. Called also miliary t. and 
gray t. Tubercle sometimes has the form of a 
yellowish mass of cheesy matter, which is believed 
to be a degenerated form of the typical tubercle. 
This is known as yellow t. and crude t. acoustic 
t. See tuberculum acusticum. adductor t., 
an eminence on the femur which gives attachment 
to the tendon of the adductor magnus. amyg- 
daloid t., a nodule on the roof of the descending 
cornu of the lateral ventricle, anatomic t. 
See verruca necrogenica. anterior t., a tubercle 
situated at the front part of the extremity of the 
transverse process of certain vertebrae. Babes' 
t's, cellular aggregations in the medulla oblongata 
and the spinal ganglia in cases of rabies, and 
thought to be the characteristic lesions of the dis- 
ease. t. bacillus. See Mycobacterium tuber- 
culosis. Carabelli t., a small tubercle occa- 
sionally seen on the lingual surface of a molar 
tooth, carotid t., Chassaignac's t., a 
nodule on the transverse process of the sixth 
cervical vertebra. cervical t's, two small 
eminences on the femur, a superior on the upper 
and anterior part of the neck at its junction 
with the great trochanter, and an inferior at the 
junction with the lesser trochanter, condyloid 
t., a tubercle on the mandibular condyle for at- 
tachment of the external lateral ligament, con- 
glomerate t., a mass made up of many fused 
tubercles, conoid t., a tubercle on the clavicle 
for the attachment of the conoid ligament, crude 
t. See tubercle (2d def.), darwinian t., an 
eminence sometimes found on the edge of the 
helix, and conjectured by some to be a relic of 
a simioid ancestry. Called also darwinian point, 
process, or tip. deltoid t. 1. A prominence 
on the clavicle for the attachment of the del- 
toid muscle. 2. Same as crest, deltoid, dissec- 
tion t. See verruca necrogenica. Farre's 
t's, masses beneath the capsule of the liver, felt 
on palpation in certain cases of hepatic cancer, 
fibrous t., a tubercle of bacillary origin which 
contains connective-tissue elements, genial t., 
a nodule on either side of the middle line, on the 
inner surface of the lower jaw bone, genital t., 
an eminence of fetal life in front of the cloaca: it 
becomes the penis or the clitoris. Gerdy's t., 
the elevation on the tibia to which the tibialis 
anticus muscle is attached at its proximal end. 
grayt. 1. See tubercle (3d def.). 2. The tubercle 
of Rolando, hippocampal t.', an expansion of 
the hippocampus at its lower end, separating 
the fimbria from the fascia dentata' His' t., a 
tubercle on the postero-inferior part of the pinna, 
infraglenoid t., a tubercle on the axillary border 
of the scapula below the glenoid cavity giving 
attachment to the long head of the triceps muscle, 
intervenous t. Same as Lower's t. intra- 
vascular t., a tubercle in the intima of a blood- 
vessel. jugular t., an elevation on the under 
surface of the occipital bone on either side of the 
foramen magnum, labial t., the slight promi- 
nence on the edge of the center of the upper lip. 
lacrimal t., a node on the superior maxillary 
bone where the lacrimal groove reaches the orbital 
surface, laminated t., the nodule of the cere- 
bellum. Lisfranc's t., a tubercle for the scalenus 
anticus muscle on the first rib. Called also scalene 
t. Lower's t., an eminence within the right 
auricle of the heart, between the orifices of the 
venae cavae. lymphoid t., a miliary tubercle 
TUBERCLE consisting of lymphoid cells, mental t., a small 
prominence on the lower border of the mandible 
when it bends backward, miliary t. See 
tubercle (3d def.). Montgomery's t's, the en- 
larged sebaceous glands of the areola of the mamma 
as they are seen in late pregnancy and during 
lactation. Morgagni's t., olfactory t., the 
olfactory bulb. See bulb. Neuber's t's, drain- 
age-tubes made of bone, nuchal t., the promi- 
nence formed by the spinous process of the seventh 
cervical vertebra, obturator t., either of two 
prominences on the margin of the pubic portion 
of the obturator foramen, painful t., a tender 
and painful tubercle situated in the subcutaneous 
tissue about the joints and produced by the enlarge- 
ment of the end of a sensory nerve, papillary t., 
a projection of the spigelian lobe of the liver into 
the portal fissure, pathological t., dissection 
tubercle, pharyngeal t., an eminence on the 
basilar process of the occipital bone for the attach- 
ment of the superior constrictor of the pharynx, 
plantar t., a prominence at the base of the 
metatarsal bone of the great toe to which is at- 
tached the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle, 
posterior t., a tubercle on the posterior ex- 
tremity of the lumbar and some of the thoracic 
vertebrae, postmortem t. See verruca necro- 
genica. pterygoid t., a boss on the inner surface 
of the lower jaw bone; it attaches the internal 
pterygoid muscle, rabic t's, collections of round 
cells about the nerve-cells in rabies, resorption 
t., a miliary tubercle in a lymph-vessel near 
another miliary tubercle, t. of Rolando, a 
rounded, gray mass under the surface of the 
lateral columns of the medulla oblongata. It 
is formed by the expansion of the caput cornu 
posterioris. t. of Santorini, the corniculum 
laryngis. scalene t. Same as Lisfranc's t. 
supraglenoid t., a rough area just over the 
glenoid cavity of the scapula to which is at- 
tached the large head of the biceps muscle, 
t. of the tibia, an eminence upon the upper 
anterior surface of the tibia, to which the 
ligamentum patellae is attached, t. of the 
ulna, a rough surface at the base of the coronoid 
process of the ulna, to which the brachialis an- 
ticus muscle is attached, t's of a vertebra, 
elevations (a superior, an inferior, and an external) 
upon the transverse process of the last dorsal 
vertebra, and represented on the lumbar vertebrae 
by more or less rudimentary structures, yellow 
t. See tubercle (3d def.), zygomatic t., t. of 
the zygoma, an elevation on the anterior root 
of the zygoma, to which is attached the external 
lateral ligament of the inferior maxilla. 
tubercula (tu-ber'ku-lah). Plural of tuberculum. 
t. den'tis [B N A], the cusps of the crown of a 
molar or premolar tooth, t. doloro'sa. See 
painfid tubercle, under tubercle. 
tubercular (tu-ber'ku-lar). Of, or pertaining to, 
or resembling tubercles or nodules; less correctly, 
the same as tuberculous. 
tuberculase (tu-ber'ku-las). An extract of tubercle 
germs used for protective inoculation against 
tuberculosis. 
tuberculated (tu-be/ku-la-ted). Covered with 
tubercles; affected with tubercle. 
tuberculation (tu-ber-ku-la'shun). The develop- 
ment of tubercles; the becoming affected with 
tubercles. 
tuberculid, tuberculide ftu-ber'ku-lid, -lid). 
Any skin lesions of a tuberculous nature. 
tuberculigenous (tu-ber-ku-lig'in-us) [tubercle + 
Gr. 7ewap to produce]. Causing tuberculosis. 
tuberculin (tu-ber'ku-lin). A therapeutic and 
diagnostic preparation from cultures of the myco- 
bacterium of tuberculosis; it is of various forms or 
modifications. Tuberculin is injected hypoder- 
mically for the treatment of tuberculosis, and also 
as a test for the existence of tuberculosis, patients 
affected with tuberculosis reacting differently from 
TUBERCULA 
1190 
those who are free from it. See t. test, under tests. 
TA is obtained from tubercle bacilli by extracting 
with normal soda solution: much the same as 
the original tuberculin. TAF., albumose-free 
tuberculin. TBE. See bacillen emulsion, below. 
TC (i. e., tuberculin contagious), von Behring's 
name for tuberculin which is said to be taken up by 
the cells of the body and there transformed into 
an integral part of those cells; in this form it is 
called TX. T. F. See t. filtrate. TO. See new 
tuberculin, under tuberculin. TR. See new tuber- 
culin. BE. See bacillen emulsion. BF. See 
bouillon filtrate, albumose-free t., tuberculin 
free from albumose, used for the subcutaneous 
tuberculin test, alkaline t. See TA, above, 
bacillen emulsion, tubercle cultures are dried, 
ground and suspended (i gm.) in equal parts of 
water and glycerol (200 c.c.). It differs from new 
tuberculin in that the germs are not washed nor 
is the supernatant fluid (TO) from the first cen- 
trifugalization discarded. Called also BE. V. 
Behring's t. 1. Same as tuberculase. 2. Same 
as tulase. Beraneck's t., tubercle cultures 
grown on a non-peptonized, 5 per cent, glycerin 
bouillon are filtered and the germs are extracted 
in 1 per cent, orthophosphoric acid by long-con- 
tinued shaking. This extract (basiotoxin) is mixed 
with an equal volume of the filtrate (acidotoxin) 
for use. bouillon filtrate, the clear glycerin 
bouillon in which tubercle cultures have been 
grown and from which they have been filtered out. 
It is not heated nor concentrated. Called .also 
Denys's tuberculin and BF. Buchner's t. 
Same as tuberculoplasmin. Calmette's t., 
purified tuberculin, prepared by precipitating old 
tuberculin with alcohol, washing, dissolving in 
water, and filtering: used in Calmette's ophthalmo- 
reaction. Called also t. precipitation, and TP. 
Denys's t. See t. bouillon filtrate, diagnostic 
t., a tuberculin prepared from selected stock 
cultures of old tuberculin by partial concentration 
and addition of bovine tuberculin; called also 
Moro's t. Dixon's t., a tuberculin prepared by 
treating living tubercle cultures with ether and 
extracting in salt solution, t. filtrate, a tuber- 
culin preparation made by precipitating and 
filtering the dissolved precipitate separately. 
Called also T. F. Hirschfelder's t. Same as 
oxytuberculin. Klebs' t. 1. Tuberculocidin. 2. 
Antiphthisin. 3. Selenin. Klemperer's t., a 
tuberculin prepared from cultures of bovine tuber- 
culosis. Koch's t. See new t., old t. Land- 
mann's t. Same as tuberculol. Maragliano's 
t., a tuberculin containing all the extracts of the 
tubercle bacillus that are soluble in water. Moro ' s 
t. See diagnostic t. new t., a suspension of the 
fragments of tubercle germs, freed from all soluble 
materials. Virulent cultures are washed, thor- 
oughly dried, and then ground in a ball mill until 
no intact germs remain. They are then taken up 
in water and centrifugalized; the supernatant 
liquid, called Tuberculin Oberes (TO) is discarded 
and the residue is again dried, ground, taken up in 
water, and centrifugalized. This supernatant liquid 
is the new tuberculin and the residue again ground 
and taken up in water is added to it. This is 
repeated until there is no residue left. These 
mixed supernatant fluids form an opalescent colloid 
suspension. Twenty per cent, of glycerol is 
added as a preservative. It is known as Tuber- 
culin Residue (Ruckstand) and is abbreviated to 
TR. old t., the concentrated germ-free culture- 
medium (glycerin bouillon) in which tubercle cul- 
tures have grown. The cultures are sterilized by 
heat and concentrated by evaporation to one- 
tenth their original volume. The germs are filtered 
out and the filtrate is used. It is a clear brown 
stable liquid with a characteristic odor, purified 
t. See Calmette's t. residual t., the sediment 
left after centrifuging an aqueous extract of 
triturated tubercle bacilli. Rosenbach's t., 
tuberculin prepared from cultures which have been 
infected with Trichophyton holosericum album. 
TUBERCULIN TUBERCULINATION 
1191 
TUBERCULOSIS 
which reduces the toxicity of the tubercle bacilli, 
von Ruck's watery extract t., tubercle cul- 
tures are concentrated in vacuo at 550 C. to one- 
tenth volume and filtered. The filtrate is pre- 
cipitated with an acid solution of sodium bismuth 
iodid. Filter, neutralize the filtrate, and filter 
again. Precipitate the filtrate with enough ab- 
solute alcohol to make 90 per cent, alcohol, filter, 
and make a 1 per cent, aqueous solution of the 
dry precipitate. Selter's t. Same as vital t. 
Spengler's t. 1. A preparation from the bacilli 
of bovine tuberculosis. 2. See Spengler's immune 
bodies, under body. t. test. See tests. Thamm's 
t., tuberculo-albumin. vacuum t., old tuber- 
culin reduced in a vacuum to much less than its 
original volume, vital t., a tuberculin prepared 
by triturating moist attenuated human tubercle 
bacilli; the preparation contains a few living 
tubercle bacilli of very slight virulence. 
tuberculination (tu-ber-ku-lin-a'shun). Tuber- 
culinization. 
tuberculinization (tu-ber-ku-lin-iz-a'shun). 
Treatment by use of tuberculin or the application 
of the tuberculin test. 
tuberculinose (tu-be/ku-lin-os). A modified 
form of tuberculin. 
tuberculinum (tu-ber-ku-li'num). Tuberculin, t. 
pu'rum. See endotin. 
tuberculitis (tu"ber-ku-li'tis) [L. tuber'culum + 
Gr. -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of or near 
a tubercle. 
tuberculization (tu-ber"ku-liz-a'shun). 1. Treat- 
ment with tuberculin or its modifications. 2. 
The formation of or conversion into tubercle. 
tuberculize (tu-ber'ku-llz). To infect with tuber- 
culosis or to treat with tuberculin. 
tuberculo-albumin (tu-ber"ku-lo-al-bu'min). A 
preparation very like tuberculase. 
tuberculocele (tu-ber'ku-lo-sel) [tubercle + Gr. 
kt/Xt) tumor]. Tuberculous disease of the testicle. 
tuberculocide (tu-ber'ku-lo-sid). Destructive to 
tubercle bacilli. 
tuberculocidin (tu-ber"ku-lo-si'din). An albu- 
mose derived from tuberculin by treating it with 
platinum chlorid. It is used like tuberculin, but 
is said to be free from the objectionable charac- 
ters of the latter. 
tuberculoderma (tu-ber"ku-lo-der/mah). A tu- 
berculous swelling or node of the skin. 
tuberculofibroid (tu-ber"ku-lo-fi'broid). Char- 
acterized by tubercle that has undergone a fibroid 
degeneration. 
tuberculofibrosis (tu-ber"ku-lo-fi-bro'sis). Fibroid 
phthisis. 
tuberculoid (tu-ber'ku-loid). Resembling tuber- 
culosis. 
tuberculoidin (tu-ber-ku-loi'din). A form of 
modified tuberculin cleared of its bacilli by treat- 
ment with alcohol. 
tuberculol (tu-ber'ku-lol). A form of tuberculin 
free from secondary products, and containing 
culture fluid and bacterial cells. 
tuberculoma (tu-ber-ku-lo'mah). A neoplasm 
caused by the bacillus of tuberculosis. 
tuberculomania (tu-ber-ku-lo-ma'ne-ah) [tuber- 
culosis + Gr. navla madness]. A morbid belief 
that one is affected with tuberculosis. 
tuberculomucin (tu-ber"ku-lo-mu'sin). A sub- 
stance resembling mucin prepared from old glycerin- 
peptone-bouillon cultures of tubercle bacilli by 
periodically removing the scum of zobglea for a 
year: used in tuberculosis of the skin and glands. 
tuberculomyces (tu-ber-ku-lom'is-ez) [tuberculosis 
+ Gr. /avK-qs fungus]. A name for the group 
of bacteria including the Mycobacterium tuber- 
culosis and similar bacteria 
tuberculonastin (tu-ber"ku-lo-nas'tin). A fatty 
substance or lipoid derived from tubercle bacilli; 
said to produce immunity to tuberculosis when 
injected. Cf. nastin. 
tuberculo-opsonic (tu-ber"ku-lo-op-son'ik). Per- 
taining to the opsonin of tubercle bacilli. 
tuberculophobia (tu-ber"ku-lo-fo'be-ah) [tuber- 
culosis + Gr. tpbpos fear]. Morbid dread of tuber- 
culosis. 
tuberculoplasmin (tu-ber"ku-lo-plas'min). A 
filtered watery solution of the protoplasm of moist 
living tubercle germs extracted by hydraulic 
pressure. 
tuberculoprotein (tu-ber"ku-lo-pro'te-in). A 
protein obtained from tubercle bacilli. See von 
Ruck's vaccine under vaccine. 
tuberculosamin (tu-ber-ku-lo-sam'in). An amin 
occurring in tubercle bacilli. 
tuberculosis (tu-ber-ku-lo'sis). An infectious dis- 
ease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 
characterized by the formation of tubercles in the 
tissues. These tubercles undergo caseods necrosis 
and tend to spread in all directions, more especially 
in the route of least resistance. Infection may also 
be disseminated throughout the body through the 
lymph- and blood-vessels. The degenerated tu- 
bercles break down, forming in the interior of the 
body cavities (vomicae) filled with a purulent 
liquid and degenerated matters. On a free surface 
it forms ulcers. Frequently the spread of the 
tuberculous focus is prevented by the formation of 
a capsule of fibrous tissue (encapsulation), due to 
plastic inflammation. Usually, however, there is a 
secondary infection with various pyogenic micro- 
organisms, as the staphylococci and streptococci, 
resulting in diffuse suppuration. Various tissues 
and organs, as the lungs and the lymphatic system, 
are especially prone to infection; to a less extent 
the spleen, kidney, liver, intestines, and brain are 
liable to become infected. The muscular and 
fibrous tissues are more or less exempt. It is 
attended by symptoms due to the destruction 
it produces, and varying with the location of the 
infection. When not strictly localized, the general 
symptoms of septic infection are present, such as 
hectic fever, increasing emaciation, and night- 
sweats. acute miliary t., general tuberculosis; 
an acute form of tuberculosis in which minute 
tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the 
body, due to dissemination of the bacilli throughout 
the body by the blood-stream. It is attended by 
irregular fever and cerebral symptoms, three forms 
-typhoid, pulmonary, and meningeal-being 
recognized, anthracotic t., pneumoconiosis, 
attenuated t., tuberculosis characterized by 
gummy and caseous skin complications, with 
a tendency to cold abscess, avian t., tubercu- 
losis in birds. See chicken-t. basal t., tubercu- 
losis situated in the lower part of the affected 
lung. t. in the bones and joints, produces 
strumous arthritis, or white swelling, and cold 
abscess, bovine t., tuberculosis of cattle. cere- 
bral t., tuberculous meningitis, cestodic t., 
a disease simulating tuberculosis, but due to 
excessive infestation with cestode parasites, 
chicken-t., fowl-t., a variety of tuberculosis 
affecting chickens, ducks, etc., due to. Mycobac- 
terium tuberculo'sis a'vium, and producing tuber- 
cles made up principally of epithelioid cells. It may 
be communicated to animals and man. t. concla- 
ma'ta, unmistakable tuberculosis, t. cu'tis, 
tuberculosis of the skin, disseminated t., 
acute miliary tuberculosis, t. of the intes- 
tines is marked by the formation of spreading 
ulcers, especially of the lymphoid tissue. It is 
attended by diarrhea, and sometimes produces 
cicatricial stricture, t. of the kidney and 
bladder is attended with hematuria and pyu- 
ria. t. of the larynx produces ulceration of 
the vocal cords and other parts of the larynx, 
and is attended by cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, 
etc. t. of the lungs, or pulmonary phthisis, 
is marked by the development of cavities in the 
lungs, with bronchopneumonia or fibroid pneu- monia. It is attended by dyspnea, cough, expec- 
toration of purulent matter, and hemoptysis. 
These varieties are described as acute pulmonic 
phthisis, chronic ulcerative tuberculosis, and fib- 
roid phthisis. See phthisis, t. of the lymph- 
atic glands, or scrofula, causes caseous suppura- 
tion of the glands, and is frequently associated 
with coryza, conjunctivitis, and eczema of the 
scalp. It occurs especially in children, lymph- 
oid t., tuberculosis in which the lesion shows an 
infiltration of embryonic cells, open t., any 
form of tuberculosis in which the bacilli are given 
off in the bodily excretions, t. of the serous 
membranes involves the pleura, peritoneum- 
pericardium, and cerebral meninges, producing in, 
flammations of those structures. Other organs 
and structures, as the skin, stomach, tongue, 
heart, liver, etc., may be affected with it. sur- 
gical t., tuberculosis of the bones, joints, or other 
parts which may be treated by surgical means, 
t. verruco'sa, cutaneous tuberculosis in the 
form of wart-like lesions. The term includes 
verruca necrogenica and tuberculosis verrucosa 
cutis, t. verruco'sa cu'tis, a disease of the 
skin characterized by warty growths and pustules 
and brownish patches, zobgleic t. See pseudo- 
tuberculosis. 
tuberculotherapy (tu-ber"ku-lo-ther'ap-e). Treat- 
ment of tuberculous patients by feeding with the 
raw flesh of animals affected by tuberculosis. 
tuberculotoxin (tu-ber"ku-lo-toks'in). Any 
toxin of the tubercle bacillus. 
tuberculotoxoidin (tu-ber"ku-lo-toks-oi'din). A 
chemic preparation of tubercle bacilli: used in 
treating incipient cases of tuberculosis. 
tuberculotrophic (tu-ber"ku-lo-trofik) [tubercle 
+ Gr. r pottos turning]. Combining chemically 
with the tubercle bacillus. 
tuberculous (tu-ber'ku-lus). Pertaining to or 
affected with tuberculosis; caused by the Myco- 
bacterium tuberculosis. 
tuberculum (tu-ber'ku-lum), pl. tuber'cula [L.]. 
A tubercle, t. acus'ticum [B N A], a collection 
of nerve-cells behind the accessory auditory nucleus, 
t. annula're, the pons varolii. t. ante'rius. 
i. The anterior prominent extremity of the thal- 
amus. Called also corpus album subrotundum, one 
of the anterior pair of corpora quadrigemina. 2. 
The conic eminence on the front of the anterior 
arch of the atlas, t. arthrit'icum, a gouty con- 
cretion in a joint, t. articula're [B N A], emi- 
nentia articularis. t. auric'ulse [darwin'i] [B N 
A], See darwinian tubercle, under tubercle, t. 
cine'reum [rolan'di] [B N A], See tubercle of 
Rolando, t. cornicula'tum [santori'ni] [B N 
A], the corniculum laryngis. t. cos'tag [B N A], 
the tubercle of a rib. t. cunea'tum, the bulbous 
end of the cuneate fasciculus in the medulla, t. 
cuneifor'me [B N A], the cuneiform cartilage, t. 
den'tis. Same as tubercula dentis. t. doloro'- 
sum. Same as painful tubercle. See under tu- 
bercle. t. ephip'pii, the olivary body. t. epi- 
glot'ticum [B N A], the cushion of the epiglottis, 
t. genia'le, genial tubercle, t. hypoglos'si, 
trigonum hypoglossi. t. im'par, a small tubercle 
in the middle line on the floor of the pharynx of the 
embryo, between the ends of the mandibular and 
hyoid arches; it is the first rudiment of the tongue, 
t. intercondyloi'deum [B N A], the inter- 
condyloid eminence, t. interveno'sum [BNA]. 
See Lower's tubercle, under tubercle, t. jugula're 
[B N A], jugular tubercle, t. labia'le, labial tu- 
bercle. See tubercle, t. low'eri. See Lower's tu- 
bercle, under tubercle, t. ma'jus hu'meri [B N 
A], the greater tuberosity of the humerus, t. 
menta'le [BNA]. See mental tubercle, under 
tubercle, tuber'cula milia'ria, milium, t. 
minus, a tuberosity below the front of the head 
of the humerus, on which the subscapularis muscle 
is inserted, t. obturato'rium [B N A], ob- 
turator tubercle, t. poste'rius, the greater tu- 
berosity of the humerus, t. pub'icum [BNA], 
TUBERCULOTHERAPY 
1192 
the spine of the os pubis, tuber'cula quad- 
rigem'ina, the corpora quadrigemina. t. re- 
troloba're, a small tubercle on the lower and 
posterior part of the external ear. t. seba'cea, 
milium, t. sel'lae [B N A], olivary eminence, t. 
sep'ti, a tubercle or prominence on the upper an- 
terior part of the nasal septum, t. supratrag '- 
icum [B N A], a small tubercle sometimes seen on 
the external ear, just above the tragus. 
tuberon (tu'ber-on). An oily ketone from the 
volatile oil of tuberose. 
tuberose (tu'ber-bs). Shaped like or resembling 
a tuber. 
tuberositas (tu-ber-os'it-as) [L.]. Tuberosity. 
tuberosity (tu-ber-os'it-e) [L. tubero'sitas\. A 
broad eminence situated on a bone, bicipital t., 
the tuberosity on the anterior inner surface of the 
neck of the radius, for the insertion of the tendon 
of the biceps muscle, coracoid t., the impression 
on the clavicle for the coracoid ligament, costal 
t., the impression on the clavicle for the attachment 
of the rhomboid ligament, cuboid t., an eleva- 
tion on the external surface of the cuboid bone, 
deltoid t., an eminence on the outer side of the 
shaft of the humerus for the attachment of the 
deltoid muscle, t. of the femur, either of 
two tuberosities {internal and external) above the 
condyles of the femur, gluteal t., an elevation 
on the upper part of the shaft of the femur for the 
attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle, 
t. of the humerus, greater, a rough promi- 
nence below the outer part of the head of the hu- 
merus. To it are attached the supraspinous, infra- 
spinous, and teres minor muscles, t. of the hu- 
merus, lesser, a tuberosity below the front of the 
head of the humerus, on which is inserted the sub- 
scapularis muscle, iliac t., an eminence on the 
outer surface of the ala of the ilium for the attach- 
ment of the posterior sacro-iliac ligament, t. of 
the ischium, a round knob projecting downward 
from the ischium. It forms the point of the ischi- 
um on which the body rests in sitting, malar 
t., the prominence of .the malar bone, radial t., 
bicipital tuberosity, t. of the tibia, either of 
two tuberosities forming the sides of the head of 
the tibia. 
tuberous (tu'ber-us). Same as tuberose. 
tubo-abdominal (tu"bo-ab-dom'in-al). Pertain- 
ing to the oviduct and the abdomen. 
tubo-adnexopexy (tu"bo-ad-neks'o-peks-e). The 
operation of suturing in a fixed position the uterine 
adnexa. 
tuboligamentous (tu"bo-lig-am-en'tus). Per- 
taining to an oviduct and a broad ligament. 
tubo-ovarial, tubo-ovarian (tu"bo-o-va're-al, 
tu"bo-o-va're-an). Of or pertaining to an oviduct 
and ovary. 
tubo-ovariotomy (tu"bo-o-va-re-ot'o-me). Ex- 
cision of the ovaries and oviducts. 
tuboperitoneal (tu"bo-per-it-o-ne'al). Pertain- 
ing to an oviduct and the peritoneum. 
tuborrhea (tu-bo-re'ah) [tube + Gr. poia flowing]. 
A condition marked by a discharge from the 
eustachian tube. 
tubotympanal (tu-bo-tim'pan-al). Pertaining to 
the eustachian tube and the tympanum. See 
canal. 
tubo-uterine (tu-bo-u'ter-In). Pertaining to the 
oviduct and the uterus. 
tubovaginal (tu-bo-vaj'in-al). Pertaining to an 
oviduct and the vagina. 
tubular (tu'bu-lar) [L. tubula'ris]. Shaped like 
a tube; of or pertaining to a tubule, t. mem- 
brane, the perineurium. 
tubulature (tu'bu-la-tur) [L. tu'ba tube]. The 
tube of a receiver or retort. > 
tubule (tu'bul), pl. tu'buli [L. tu'bulus]. Any 
small tube. Albarran's t's, small branching 
tubules in the cervical part of the prostate gland, 
collecting t., straight tube; any one of the 
TUBULE tubules of the medulla of the kidney which, by 
their union, form the discharging tubules. See 
kidney, conjunctival t's, the curved canals 
which connect the collecting and discharging 
tubules with each other, connecting t., an 
arching tubule of the kidney connecting the convo- 
luted tubule and collecting tubule, convoluted 
t., the coiled part of a uriniferous tubule. See kid- 
ney. dental t's, dentinal t's, undulating tub- 
ules in the substance of the dentin, discharging 
t., any one of those renal tubules which open upon 
the papillae of the calices. See kidney. Ferrein's 
t's, the tubules of the kidney which make up the 
pyramids of Ferrein. See tube. Henle's t., 
the straight parts of a uriniferous tubule form- 
ing Henle's loop. irregular t., zigzag t., 
a portion of the cortical part of a uriniferous 
tubule. Kobelt's t's, the outer series of 
tubules in the parovarium; also a similar series in 
the male paradidymis. Miescher's t's, large elon- 
ated cysts of the muscles of subjects infested with 
sarcosporidia: the tubules contain the parasites. 
Rainey's t. Same as Miescher's t's. second- 
ary convoluted t., a coiled tubule connecting 
an irregular tubule with a straight tubule in the 
kidney, segmental t's, the tubules of the 
wolffian body, seminiferous t's, the minute 
folded ducts which make up most of the substance 
of the testicle, spiral t., the coiled cortical 
portion of a uriniferous tubule, straight t's, 
the tubuli recti: twelve to twenty tubules which 
make up the corpus highmorianum of the testicle, 
uriniferous t's, the minute canals, made up of 
basement-membrane lined with epithelium, which 
form the substance of the kidneys. They begin 
in the cortex of the kidney as the malpighian 
corpuscles; continuing, they extend as tortuous 
canals (first or proximal convoluted tubules), then 
as spirals (spiral tubules of Schachowa) in the cortex, 
then down into the medulla and back again, 
forming the descending and ascending limbs of 
Henle's loop, then as zigzag tubes in the cortex 
(irregular or zigzag tubules), then in coils (secondary 
or distal convoluted tubules), then joining by curved 
tubules (conjunctional tubules) with other curved 
tubules to form in the medulla the straight tubes 
(straight or collecting tubes) which join other 
straight tubes to form the discharging tubes or 
ducts of Bellini, which open in papillae in the calices 
of the pelvis of the kidney. See kidney, urinip- 
arous t's, those of the cortical portion of the 
kidney, vertical t., the inner set of tubules in 
the parovarium. 
tubulization (tu-bu-liz-a'shun). Foramitti's 
method of treating injured nerves by isolating the 
nerve-stump in an absorbable cylinder which serves 
as a guide for new-growth. 
tubulocyst (tu'bu-lo-sist). Any cystic dilatation 
of an obsolete canal or functionless duct. 
tubulodermoid (tu"bu-lo-der'moid). A dermoid 
tumor due to the persistence of a fetal tube. 
tubuloracemose (tu"bu-lo-ras'em-6s). Both tub- 
ular and racemose, as, a tubuloracemose gland. 
tubulosaccular (tu"bu-lo-sak'u-lar). Both tub- 
ular and saccular. 
tubulous (tu'bu-lus). Containing tubules, 
tubulus (tu'bu-lus) [L.]. A tubule. 
tubus (tu'bus) [LJ. Tube. 
Tucrek. See Turek. 
Tuffier's operation, test (tef-e-az') Marin [Theo- 
dore Tuffier, surgeon in Paris, born 1857]. See 
operation and tests. 
Tuffnell's diet, treatment (tuf'nelz) [Thomas 
Joliffe Tufnell, English surgeon, 1819-1885]. See 
diet, treatment. 
tuft, malpighian or renal (tuft). Same as mal- 
pighian body. See body. 
tugging, tracheal (tug'ing). A pulling sensation 
in the trachea, due to aneurysm of the arch of 
the aorta. 
TUBULIZATION 
1193 
tularemia (tu-lar-e'me-ah) [Tulare a district in 
California, where the disease was first described]. 
A disease of rodents, resembling plague, which 
may be transmitted to man. It is caused by 
Bacterium tularense and is spread by the deer-fly 
(Chrysops discalis) and other biting insects. In 
man the disease takes the form of an undulant 
fever, lasting several weeks, with much malaise 
and depression. 
tulase (tu'las). Von Behring's fluid, used by him 
in the treatment of tuberculosis. 
tulipin (tu'lip-in). A poisonous alkaloid from the 
garden tulip: a sialogogue and stimulant. Dose, 
gr- (0.001-0.003 gm.). 
tulip-tree (tu'lip-tre). A forest tree of North 
America, Lirioden'dron tulipif'era. An aromatic 
stimulant, tonic, and antiperiodic. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 10-40 min. (0.666-2.666 c.c.). 
Tully's powder (tul'ez) [William Tully, American 
physician, 1785-1859]. See under powder. 
tulose (tu'los). Same as tulase. 
Tulpius' valve (tul'pe-us) [Nikolaas Tulp, Dutch 
physician, 1593-1674]. See under valve. 
tumefacient (tu-me-fa'shent) [L. tumefa'ciens]. 
Tending to cause or causing a swelling. 
tumefaction (tu-me-fak'shun) [L. tumefac'lio], A 
swelling; the state of being swollen, or the act 
of swelling; puffiness; edema. 
tumenol (tu'men-ol). A syrupy oil (t. oil, t. sul- 
phone): used like ichthyol; also a powder (h 
powder, t. sulphonic acid); both are of a bituminous 
origin, commercial t., a brown-black, acid 
fluid from which tumenol oil and powder are pre- 
pared. 
tumid (tu'mid) [L. tu'midus]. Swollen or edema- 
tous. 
tumor (tu'mor) [L., from tu'mere to swell]. 1. 
Swelling; morbid enlargement. 2. A neoplasm. 
A mass of new tissue which persists and grows 
independently of its surrounding structures, and 
which has no physiologic use. Tumors are innocent 
or malignant. Malignant tumors tend to infiltrate 
the tissues; innocent tumors push the tissues aside, 
and are usually encapsulated; many malignant 
tumors tend to produce secondary growths in 
adjacent glands, and are disseminated throughout 
the body; they affect the general health, and usually, 
when removed, tend to recur. There are many 
theories regarding the origin of tumors. The 
inclusion theory holds that tumors are developed 
from embryonic cells which were produced in 
greater numbers than the fetus required, and remain 
gathered in a certain point until stimulated to 
growth and development by physiologic activity 
of the part or the application of irritation. Some 
tumors are believed to be hereditary. Irritation 
and injury are thought by many to be the active 
agents in originating tumors. Physiologic activity 
aids the development of some forms, and physiologic 
decline of others, acute splenic t., a tumor 
resulting from acute splenitis, adenoid t. 
Same as adenoma, adipose t. Same as lipoma. 
t. al'bus, white swelling; tuberculosis of a bone or 
joint, t. al'bus pyo'genes, a chronic inflamma- 
tion of gunshot injuries of the bones and joints 
marked by great swelling of the capsule of the 
joint and surrounding soft parts which becomes 
converted into a gelatinous, edematous granula- 
tion tissue (A. Tietze). benign t., any tu- 
mor not likely to recur after removal; an inno- 
cent tumor, blood-t., a hematoma; also an 
aneurysm, butyroid t., a collection of material 
in the mammary gland closely resembling butter, 
cartilaginous t., an enchondroma. caver- 
nous t. Same as cavernoma. cellular t., 
a tumoi; made up chiefly of cells in a homo- 
geneous stroma. Cock's peculiar t., septic 
ulceration of a neglected sebaceous cyst of. the 
scalp, simulating an epithelioma, connective- 
tissue, t. any tumor developed from some 
TUMOR TUMOR 
1194 
TUNICATA 
structure of the connective tissue, such as a 
lipoma, fibroma, glioma, chondroma, or sar- 
coma. cystic t., one not solid, but more or 
less hollow, dermoid t., a tumor which con- 
tains fatty cutaneous elements, and sometimes 
hair, nails, etc. desmoid t., a hard, fibrous 
tumor, eiloid t., a skin tumor having the 
look of a coil of intestine, embryoplastic t., 
one due to the growth of persistent embryo-cells, 
encysted t., a tumor inclosed in a membranous 
sac. epithelial t., a tumor containing epithelium; 
an organoid tumor, erectile t., one made up of 
-erectile tissue, false t., one due to extravasation, 
exudation, echinococcus, or retained sebaceous mat- 
ter. fatty t. See lipoma. fibrocellular t. See 
fibroma, fibroid t. Same as fibroma, fibro- 
plastic t., a variety of spindle-celled sarcoma, 
follicular t., a sebaceous cyst; a dilated sebaceous 
follicle, fungating t., a tumor with exuberant 
granulation, glassblowers' t., tumor of the 
parotid gland occurring as an occupational disease 
in glass-blowers, granulation t., a granuloma. 
Grawitz's t's of the kidney, hyperneph- 
roma; the tumors formerly known as adenomata 
of the kidney, but which Grawitz has shown to be 
an overgrowth of fetal inclusion in the midst of the 
kidney substance of particles of suprarenal glandu- 
lar tissue. Gubler's t., a tumor on the back of 
the wrist in cases of paralysis of the extensors of 
the hand, gummy t. Same as gumma, het- 
erologous t., one made up of tissue which differs 
from that in which it grows, histioid t., one 
which is formed of a single tissue resembling that 
■of the surrounding parts, homologous t., one 
whose absence resembles that of the surrounding 
parts, hylic t., hyloma. infiltrating t., a 
tumor which is not clearly marked off from the 
surrounding tissue, innocent t. See benign 
t. ivory-like t. Same as osteoma eburneum. 
Krompecher's t., rodent ulcer. Kruken- 
berg's t., fibrosarcoma of the ovary which has 
undergone myxomatous degeneration; called also 
fibrosarcoma mucocellulare carcinomatodes. lacteal 
t., a mammary abscess, or galactocele. lepidic 
t., lepidoma. malignant t., one which 
is likely to recur and eventually to destroy life, 
margaroid t., a cholesteatoma, migrated 
t., migratory t., a tumor that has be- 
come detached from its original location and 
fixed in some other place or lies free in a cavity, 
mixed t., one which combines the characteristics 
of two or more classes of tumors, mucous t., 
a myxoma, muscular t., a myoma. Nela- 
ton's t., a dermoid tumor of the wall of the ab- 
domen. oozing t., a rare disease, consisting of a 
large, flat tumor on one or both labia majora, 
divided with deep fissures, and discharging a large 
amount of acrid, offensive fluid, organoid t., a 
tumor composed of complex tissues and resembling 
an organ, or viscus. papillary t., a papil- 
loma. pearl t. See cholesteatoma, pearly 
t., an epidemic cyst of the lymphatic glands 
which occurs along the sheath of the carotid, 
phantom-t., an abdominal swelling not due to a 
structural change, but to a neurosis; it is generally 
due to gaseous distention of the bowels. Pott's 
puffy t., a circumscribed edema of the scalp 
associated with osteomyelitis of the skull bones, 
pseudo-intraligamentous t., a kind of ovar- 
ian tumor simulating intraligamentous tumors, but 
in reality adherent to the posterior surface of 
the broad ligament. ranine t., ranula. Ro- 
kitansky's t., a kind of dropsy of the graa- 
fian follicle, forming a small, pedunculated cyst, 
and giving the ovary the appearance of a bunch 
of grapes. sand-t. Same as psammoma. 
sebaceous t., a cyst formed by the reten- 
tion of the secretions of a sebaceous gland, sple- 
nic t., an enlarged spleen. Steiner's t's. See 
Jeanselme's nodules, under nodule, teratoid t. 
Same as teratoma. transition t., one which 
recurs after removal and then shows malignant 
characters, tridermic t., a dermoid cyst de- 
rived from the three embryonic layers, true 
t., any tumor produced by proliferation, vari- 
cose t., a swelling of purple color, composed 
of dilated veins, vascular t. i. An aneurysm. 
2. An angioma. 3. A bleeding internal hemor- 
rhoidal growth. villous t., papilloma, warty 
cicatricial t., a neoplasm which appears in a set 
of warty growths in parallel lines on the surface of 
a scar: it often breaks down and becomes what is 
known as Marjolin's ulcer. Wilms' t., em- 
bryoma of the kidney. 
tumoraffin (tu-mor-af'in) [tumor + L. afin'is 
related]. Having a special affinity for tumor cells; 
oncotropic. 
tumorous (tu'mor-us). Of the nature of a tumor, 
tumultus (tu-mul'tus) [L.]. Excessive organic 
action or motility. 
tungstate (tung7stat). A salt of tungstic acid. 
tungsten (tung'sten) [Swed. "heavy stone"]. A 
brittle metallic element; symbol, W (for wol- 
framium); atomic weight, 184; specific gravity, 
19.13. Calcium tungstate is employed in skiag- 
raphy, and various tungsten compounds are used 
in chemistry as reagents. 
tungstic acid (tung'stik). A compound, H2WO4. 
tunic (tu'nik) [L. tu'nica]. An external lining 
membrane or coat. Bichat's t., the intima of a 
blood-vessel. Bruecke's t. See tunica nervea. 
Ruysch's t., the entochoroidea. 
tunica (tu'nik-ah), pl. tu'nica. Latin for tunic. 
t. abdomina'lis, the aponeurosis of the abdomi- 
nal muscles in certain quadrupeds, as the horse, 
t. adna'ta, that portion of the conjunctiva that 
comes in contact with the eyeball, t. adventi'- 
tia [BN A], the outer coat of an artery. See 
artery, t. albugin ea [B N A], the sclerotic coat 
of the eye (t. albugin'ea oc'ult); also the fibrous coat 
of a testis (t. albugin'ea tes'tis), or ovary (/. albu- 
gin'ea ova'rii), or spleen (t. albugin'ea le'onis). t. 
conjuncti'va bul'bi, the conjunctiva of the eye- 
ball. t. conjuncti'va palpebrarum, the con- 
junctiva of the lids. t. dar'tos [B N A]. See 
dartos. t. elas'tica, the middle elastic coat of an 
artery, t. ex'tima, in'tima, me'dia, the outer, 
inner, and middle coats of an artery. See artery. 
t. fibro'sa. 1. A fibrous membrane. 2. The outer 
coat of the eye. t. in'terna, any internal coat, 
t. me'dia, the middle muscular coat of arteries 
and veins, t. muco'sa [B N A], a mucous mem- 
brane. t. ner'vea of Bruecke, the retinal lay- 
ers, exclusive of the rod-and-cone layer, with its 
fibers and nuclei, t. pro'pria. 1. [B N A] The 
proper coat or layer of a part as distinguished from 
an investing membrane. 2. The membrane consti- 
tuting the membranous labyrinth of the ear. 3. 
The deeper layer of the corium consisting of a net- 
work of fibers containing nerves, blood-vessels, 
glands, and hair follicles. Called also reticular layer 
and stratum reticulare. See under skin. t. ruy- 
schia'na. See entochoroidea. t. sero'sa, a 
serous membrane, t. submuco'sa, a sub- 
mucous layer, as of the intestines, t. vagina'- 
lis, the serous covering of the testis, formed by a 
portion of the peritoneum which descends with the 
testicle and afterward forms a closed pouch in- 
vesting the testicle. See testicle, t. vasculo'sa. 
1. Same as mesochoroidea. 2. The vascular coat of 
the testis on the inner side of the tunica albuginea. 
See testicle, t. vasculo'sa len'tis, the vascular 
envelop which incloses and nourishes the develop- 
ing lens of the fetus. It consists of the pupillary 
membrane in the region of the pupil; the capsulo- 
pupillary membrane around the edge of the lens; 
and the capsular membrane at the back of the lens, 
t. vasculo'sa oc'uli [B N A], the middle or vas- 
cular coat of the eye, composed of the choroid, iris, 
and ciliary body. 
tunicary (tu'nik-a-re). Pertaining to or possessing 
a tunic or enveloping membrane. 
Tunicata (tu-nik-a'tah). A class of small animals 
with a sac-like body and a leathery tunic. They TUNICIN 
1195 
TUSSILAGO 
are intermediate between the invertebrates and 
true vertebrates. 
tunicin (tu'nis-in). A substance resembling cellu- 
lose, derivable from certain of the lowest vertebrates, 
such as the tunicates or ascidians; animal cellulose. 
tunnel, Corti's (tun'el). The canal of Corti; the 
canal formed by the conjoined arches of Corti 
and the basilar membrane. See ear. 
tunnel-anemia. Same as ankylostomiasis. 
tunnel-disease. Same as caisson-disease. See 
disease. 
tuntun (tun'tun). Ankylostomiasis. 
tupelo, tupola (tu'pel-o, tu'po-lah). The tree 
Nys'sa uniflo'ra, of the southern United States; 
also any tree or species of the genus Nys'sa. 
From the spongy wood of the root surgeons' 
tents are prepared. 
turacin (tu'ras-in). A red or crimson pigment 
from the feathers of the turakoo (Tu'racus), a 
bird of Africa. It contains over 5 per cent, of 
copper. 
turaco-porphyrin (tu'^ak-o-po/fir-in). A de- 
rivative from turacin: nearly identical with hema- 
toporphyrin. 
Turbellaria (ter-bel-a're-ah). The class of plana- 
rian worms. 
turbinal (tur'bin-al) [L. turbina'lis, from tuPbo a 
top], 1. Turbinated. 2. A turbinated bone; any 
one of the three bones situated on the outside 
of the nasal fossae. They are the superior and 
middle, which form part of the ethmoid bone, and 
are, therefore, called ethmoturbinal, the inferior 
(or maxilloturbinal), and sphenoid turbinal, 
which constitutes part of the sphenoid, t. bone, 
fourth, the posterior part of the superior middle 
turbinate; unattached in about one-third of ali 
cases: the concha santorini. 
turbinate, turbinated (tur'bin-at, tur'bin-a-ted). 
Shaped like a top. t. body, t. bone. Same as 
turbinal (2). 
turbinectomy (tur-bin-ek'to-me) [turbinal + Gr. 
eKTouv excision]. The surgical removal of a tur- 
binated bone. 
turbinotome (tur-bin'o-tom). A cutting instru- 
ment for use in the removal or cutting of a turbin- 
ated bone. 
turbinotomy (tur-bin-ot'o-me) [turbinal + Gr. 
rowh a cut]. The surgical cutting of a turbinated 
bone. 
Turek's bundle, column, degeneration, 
trachoma (terks) [Ludwig Turek, neurologist in 
Vienna, 1810-1868]. See bundle, column, degenera- 
tion, and trachoma. 
Turek's zone (terks) [Fenton B. Turek, New York 
physician, born 1857]. See zona transf ormans. 
turf-board (terf'bord). A material made from 
peat-moss and used like moss-board. 
turgescence (ter-jes'ens) [L. turges'cens swelling]. 
The distention or swelling of a part. 
turgescent (ter-jes'ent) [L. turges'cens\. Swelling 
or beginning to swell. 
turgid (ter'jid) [L. tuPgidus]. Swollen and con- 
gested. 
turgometer (ter-gom'et-er) [L. tuPgor swelling + 
Gr. uerp°v measure]. An instrument for measur- 
ing the amount of turgescence. 
turgor (ter'gor) [L.]. The condition of being 
turgid; normal or other fulness, t. vita'lis, 
the normal fulness of the blood-vessels and capil- 
laries. When the surrounding tissues lose their 
normal resistance, this turgor becomes preter- 
naturally increased, and swelling results. 
turicin (tu'ris-in). An antidiarrheal preparation 
of tannin and glutinin. 
turiopin (tu-ri-o'pin). An alcoholic extract of 
Austrian pine: used in bronchial affections. 
Turk's cell, stain (terks) [Wilhelm Turk, Aus- 
trian physician, 1871-1916]. See under cell and 
stain. 
turkey-corn (ter'ke-korn). The plant Dicen'tra 
canaden' sis, of North America: its tubers are diu- 
retic and resolvent. Dose of fluidextract, 10-40 
min. (0.666-2.666 c.c.). 
turmeric (ter'mer-ik). The rhizome of Cur'- 
cuma Ion'ga, a zingiberaceous plant of South 
America. It contains the alkaloid curcumin, a 
tincture of which and a paper prepared from it 
are used like litmus in testing. It is turned 
brownish by alkalis. Dose of fluidextract (as 
an aromatic stimulant), 15-20 min. (1-1.333 c.c.). 
turmerol (ter'mer-ol). An oily alcohol derivable 
from the oil of turmeric; also the oil itself. 
turning (tern'ing). Version in obstetric practice. 
See version. 
turn of life (tern). Same as menopause. 
turnsickness (tern'sik-nes). Same as staggers. 
turpentine (ter'pen-tln) [L. tereInn'thina]. A 
liquid or concrete oleoresin obtained from Pi'nus 
palus'tris and other species of Pinus. It con- 
tains a volatile oil (oil of turpentine), to which its 
properties are due, and in which form it is generally 
used. It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and 
in large doses laxative. It is used as a stimulant 
in the typhoid state, as a hemostatic in menorrhagia, 
intestinal hemorrhage, and purpura heemorrhagica, 
and as a laxative in chronic constipation by rectal 
injection. Externally it is applied in the form of 
liniment, ointment, etc. Dose of oil, 20-60 min. 
(r-333-4 c.c.). Aleppo t., a variety from Pi'nus 
halepen'sis. Bordeaux t., a variety from Pi'nus 
marit'ima. Called galipot. Canada t., Canada 
balsam. See under balsam. Also a turpentine 
from Pi'nus marit'ima. Carpathian t., a 
variety from Pi'nus cem'bra. Chian t., a 
greenish oleoresin from Pista'cia terebin'thus, a tree 
of Mediterranean countries. It is sometimes 
prescribed for cancer. Dose, 3-5 gr. (0.2-0.333 
gm.), common t., the turpentine of Pi'nus 
sylves'tris, Pi'nus palus'tris, and other species of 
pine. Hungarian t., the turpentine of Pi'nus 
pumil'io. larch t. See Venice t. oil of t., a 
volatile oil distilled from common turpentine: 
diuretic, anthelmintic, stimulant, and rubefacient. 
Strassburg t., a turpentine from A'bies pectina'- 
ta, a European spruce or fir. Venice t., a tur- 
pentine from the larch tree, La'rix europa'a. 
Called also larch t. white t., a turpentine from 
Pi'nus palus'tris and other species of pine. 
turpentole (ter'pen-tol). A light, purified petro- 
leum spirit. 
turpeth (ter'peth) [L. turpe' thum\. An East 
Indian plant, I porno?'a turpe'thum, resembling 
jalap; also its purgative root. t. mineral [L. 
turpefthum miner a'le], an old name for hydrargy'ri 
subsul'phas fla'vus, yellow basic sulphate of mercury, 
HgSO42HgO; an active emetic and a powerful 
errhine: used in croup and for headache, etc. 
turpethin (ter'peth-in). A purgative resin from 
turpeth. 
turunda (tu-run'dah) [L.]. A surgeon's tent; 
also a suppository. 
Tus., tus. Abbreviation for L. tus'sis, a cough. 
tusk (tusk). An extremely large tooth projecting 
beyond the lips. 
tussal (tus'al) [L. tus'sis cough]. Pertaining to a 
cough. 
tussicula (tus-ik'u-lah) [L.]. A slight cough. 
tussicular (tus-ik'u-lar) [L. tussic'ula, dim. of 
tus'sis cough]. Of or relating to a cough. 
tussiculation (tus-ik-u-la'shun). A short, hack- 
ing cough. 
Tussilago (tus-il-a'go), pl. tussila'gines [L.]. A 
genus of composite-flowered plants. The leaves 
of T. faPfara, ■ or coltsfoot, are tonic, demulcent, 
and antibechic. T. petasi'tes is a plant of Europe, 
butterbur, and its homeopathic preparation. TUSSIS 
1196 
TYMPANOTEMPORAL 
tussis (tus'is). Latin for cough, t. convul'- 
siva, whooping-cough, or pertussis. 
tussive (tus'iv). Pertaining or due to a cough. 
tussol (tus'ol). Antipyrin mandelate, CnHj2N2- 
O.C6H5CH.OH.COOH, a crystalline compound: 
used as a remedy for whooping-cough. Dose, 
^-8 gr. (0.003-0.5 gm.). 
tutamen (tu-ta'men), pl. tutam'ina. Latin for 
defense or protection, tutam'ina cer'ebri [L. 
" defenses of the brain "], the hair, scalp, skull, and 
meninges, tutam'ina oc'uli, the defenses or pro- 
tecting appendages of the eye: the lids, lashes, etc. 
tutsan (tut'san) [L. to'turn all + sana're to heal]. 
The plant Hyperi'cum androsce'mum, formerly 
prized as a vulnerary and aperient. 
Tuttle's mask, proctoscope (tut'lz) [Edward G. 
Tuttle, surgeon in New York, 1857-1913]. See 
mask and proctoscope. 
tuyol (tu'e-ol). A proprietary preparation from oil of 
Chammsecyparis obtusa: used as a genito-urinary 
antiseptic. 
TV. Abbreviation for tuberculin volutin, a prin- 
ciple believed to exist in tubercle bacilli, and which 
has a zymogenic action. 
twang (twang). A personal, and often nasal, 
quality of the voice. 
T wave. See under wave. 
'tween-brain (twen'bran). The interbrain, or 
thalamencephalon. 
twelfth nerve (twelfth). The hypoglossal nerve. 
See nerves, table of. 
twilight sleep (twi'lit). See under sleep. 
twilight state. See under state. 
twin (twin). One of two individuals born at the 
same birth, allantoido-angiopagous t's, 
twins united by the umbilical vessels only. t. 
cones, cone-cells of the retina in which two cells 
are blended, dichorial t's, twins each of which 
has its own membranes and placenta, enzygotic 
t's, twins developed from one zygote or fertilized 
ovum. Called also monochorionic t's. and mono- 
ophalt's. fraternal t's, identical t's, two en- 
zygotic twins of the same sex. hetero-ophal t's. 
See dichorial t's. t. labor, tedious labor due to the 
presence of two fetuses, monochorionic t's. 
See enzygotic t's. omphalo-angiopagous t's. 
Same as allantoido-angiopagous t's. t. pole, that 
part of a spiraLfibered nerve-cell from which both 
the straight and the spiral fibers spring. 
twinge (twinj). A keen, darting pain. 
Twining's pill (twi'ningz) [William Twining, 
British physician in India, 1813-1848]. See under 
pill. 
twitch (twitsh). A simple unit of muscular effort, 
twitching, fascicular. Quick twitching of larger 
groups of bundles of muscle-fibers, fibrillar t., 
quick twitching of single bundles of muscle-fibers. 
twitch-up (twitsh'up). A noose passed through a 
perforation in a board, used for compressing a part, 
as the lip of a horse, during slight operations. 
two-glass test. See under tests. 
Twort's phenomenon. Bacteriophagia. 
TX. The symbol for a derivative of TC, prepared 
by v. Behring. See under tuberculin. 
Ty. Abbreviation for type. 
tychastics (ti-kas'tiks). The science of industrial 
accidents. 
Ty'deus moles'tus. A very small mite which 
attacks man as do the harvest mites. It is found 
in Belgium. 
tylcalcin (til-kal'sin). Calcium acetylsalicylate: 
used like aspirin. 
tylion (til'e-on) [Gr. rvXeiov knot]. The point on 
the anterior edge of the optic groove in the median 
line. 
tyllithin (til-lith'in). Lithium acetylsalicylate: 
used like aspirin. 
tylmarin (til'mar-in). Acetylorthocumaric acid, a 
crystalline antirheumatic powder. Dose, 3-10 
gr. (0.2-0.66 gm.). 
tyloma (ti-lo'mah) [Gr. rvXos knot + -wjua tumor}. 
A callus or callosity. 
Tylophora asthmat'ica (ti-lof'or-ah) [Gr. rvXos 
knot + <popeiv to bear]. An asclepiadaceous plant 
of South Asia. It is emetic, and is useful in 
dysentery and asthma. Emetic dose of powdered 
leaves, 3-2 gr. (0.01-0.13 gm.); emetic dose, 15-20 
gr. (1-1.3 gm.). 
tylophorin (ti-lof'or-in). An alkaloid from Ty- 
loph'ora asthmat'ica: emetic and antasthmatic. 
tylosis tti-lo'sis) [Gr. ruXwais]. 1. The formation 
of calluses upon the skin. 2. A callus, or callosity. 
See keratosis, t. lin'guse. Same as leuko- 
plakia buccalis. 
tylotic (til-ot'ik). Pertaining to or affected with 
tylosis. 
tympanal (tim'pan-al). Pertaining to the tym- 
panum. 
tympanectomy (tim-pan-ek'to-me) [L. tym'- 
panum drum + Gr. eKro/j.ri excision]. Excision 
of the membrane of the drum of the ear. 
tympania (tim-pan'e-ah). Same as tympanites. 
tympanic (tim-pan'ik) [L. tympan'icus]. 1. Of 
or pertaining to the tympanum. 2. Bell-like; 
resonant. 
tympanichord (tim-pan'ik-ord). The chorda tym- 
pani, a branch of the facial nerve which traverses 
the tympanum. 
tympanichordal (tim"pan-ik-or'dal). Pertaining 
to the tympanichord. 
tympanicity (tim-pan-is'it-e). A tympanic quality, 
tympanion (tim-pan'e-on). The highest point 
(upper tympanion) and the lowest point (lower 
tympanion) on the tympanic ring. 
tympanism (tim'pan-izm) [Gr. Tvp.7ra.vov drum]. 
Distention with gas; tympanites. 
tympanites (tim-pan-i'tez) [Gr. TvpTravLTT/s, from 
Tvprravov drum]. Distention of the abdomen, 
due to the presence of gas or air in the intes- 
tine or in the peritoneal cavity, as in peritonitis 
and typhoid fever, uterine t., physometra. 
tympanitic (tim-pan-it'ik). 1. Pertaining to or 
affected with tympanites. 2. Bell-like, or tympanic. 
tympanitis (tim-pan-i'tis) [Gr. rvpTtavov drum 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of the tym- 
panum; otitis media. . 
tympanocervical abscess (tim"pan-o-ser'vik-al). 
See abscess. 
tympano-eustachian (tim"pan-o-u-sta'ke-an). 
Pertaining to the tympanum and the eustachian 
tube. 
tympanohyal (tim"pan-o-hi'al). 1. Pertaining 
to the tympanum and the hyoid arch. 2. A 
small bone or cartilage at the base of the styloid 
process. In early life it becomes a par t of the 
temporal bone. 
tympanomalleal (tim"pan-o-mal'e-al). Pertain- 
ing to the tympanic bone and the malleus. 
tympanomandibular (tim"pan-o-man-dib'u-lar). 
Pertaining to the tympanum and the inferior 
maxilla, t. cartilage. See Meckel's cartilage. 
tympanomastoid abscess (tim"pan-o-mas'toid). 
See abscess. 
tympanomastoiditis (tim"pan-o-mas-toid-i'tis). 
Inflammation of the tympanum and mastoidea. 
tympanophonia (tim"pan-o-fo'ne-ah) [tympanum 
+ Gr. sound]. Autophony. 
tympano squamo sal (tim"pan-o-skwam-o'sal). 
Pertaining to the tympanic bone and the squamosa, 
tympanostapedial (tim"pan-o-sta-pe'de-al). Per- 
taining to the tympanum and the stapes. 
tympanotemporal (tim"pan-o-tem'por-al). Per- 
taining to the tympanum and the region over the 
temporal bone. tympanotomy (tim-pan-ot'o-me) [L. tym'panum 
drum 4- Gr. reppeiv to cut]. Surgical puncture 
of the membrana tympani. 
tympanous (tim'pan-us). Pertaining to or marked 
by tympanism; distended with gas. 
tympanum (tim'pan-um) [L.]. i. The middle 
ear, or ear-drum. See ear. 2. Less correctly, 
the tympanic membrane. 
tympany (tim'pan-e) [Gr. rvpiravias]. i. Tym- 
panites. 2. A tympanic, or bell-like,, percussion- 
note. bell-t., a modified tympanitic note heard 
on percussion of the chest in some cases of pneumo- 
thorax. Skoda's t., skodaic t. Same as 
skodaic resonance. See resonance. 
Tyndall phenomenon (tin'dal) [John Tyndall, 
British physicist, 1820-1893]. See phenomenon. 
tyndallization (tin"dal-iz-a'shun) [John Tyndall, a 
British physicist, 1820-1893]. Same as intermittent 
sterilization. See under sterilization. 
type (tip) [L. ty'pus: Gr. tvttos mark]. The general 
or prevailing character of any particular case of 
disease. Aztec t. See Aztec idiocy, under idiocy. 
blood t's. See blood typing, under typing. Eich- 
horst's t., the femorotibial type of progressive 
muscular atrophy with contraction of the toes. 
Hayem's t., acute non-suppurative encephalitis. 
Jager's test-t's, test-types consisting of 
ordinary letters: used for testing at near points. 
Kalmuch t., Mongolian idiocy. Leichten- 
stern's t., encephalitis haemorrhagica.• Ray- 
mond t. of apoplexy, ingravescent apoplexy 
marked by paresthesia of the hand on the side 
which is going to become paralyzed. Remak's 
t., paralysis of the extensor muscles of the 
fingers and wrist. Runeberg's t., progres- 
sive pernicious anemia with brief periods of 
apparent improvement, scapulohumeral t., 
progressive spinal muscular atrophy beginning in 
the shoulder. Snellen's test-t's, a variety of 
test-types for oculists' use. Strumpell's t., the 
familial type of lateral spinal sclerosis, test-t's, 
letters of various sizes and shapes used in testing 
the visual power. Tooth's t., the family or 
hereditary form of progressive muscular atrophy, 
vesanic t., insanity due to primary disease of the 
mind and not to any external cause, as injury, poi- 
soning, or disease of some other organ. It includes 
mania, melancholia, etc. Werdnig-Hoffmann 
t., Werdnig-Hoffmann paralysis. See paralysis. 
Zimmerlin's t., hereditary progressive muscular 
atrophy, beginning in the upper part of the body. 
typembryo (ti-pem'bre-o). An embryo in that 
stage of development at which the characteristics 
of the type to which it belongs may be seen. 
typewriters' backache (tip'ri-terz). Pain in the 
back occurring in typewriters. 
typh, typh-fever (tif). Typhus and typhoid 
viewed together. 
Typhacese (ti-fa'se-e). A group of bacteria com- 
prising the Bacillus typhosus and forms related to it. 
typhase (ti'fas). A ferment or enzyme formed by 
the bacillus of typhoid fever and capable of split- 
ting up the latter. 
typhemia (ti-fe'me-ah) [typhus 4~ Gr. aqua blood]. 
The presence of typhoid bacilli in the blood. 
typhia (tif'e-ah). Typhoid fever. 
typhic (ti'fik). Pertaining to typhus or typhoid fever, 
typhinia (ti-fi'ne-ah). Relapsing fever. 
typhization (tif-iz-a'shun). Induction of a diseased 
condition by exposure to the poison of typhus. 
typhlatonia (tif-lat-o'ne-ah). Typhlatony. 
typhlatony (tif-lat'o-ne) [Gr. rv<p\bs cecum 4- 
atony], Inefficiency of the motor activity of the 
cecum. 
typhlectasis (tif-lek'tas-is) [Gr. rv<p\bs cecum 4- 
eKTaats distention]. Distention of the cecum. 
typhlectomy (tif-lek'to-me). Same as cecectomy. 
typhlenteritis (tif"len-ter-i'tis) [Gr. Tv<p\bs blind 
4- ivrepov intestine]. Inflammation of the cecum. 
TYMPANOTOMY 
1197 
typhlitis (tif-li'tis) [Gr. rv<p\bv cecum + -ins in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the cecum. The 
term was formerly used for the condition now 
called appendicitis. 
typhlo-albuminuria (tif"lo-al-bu-min-u're-ah) 
[Gr. Tv<p\bv cecum]. Alimentary albuminuria 
proceeding from the cecum. 
typhlocele (tif'lo-sel). Same as cecocele. 
typhlodicliditis (tif"lo-dik-lid-i'tis) [Gr. Tv<p\bv 
cecum + bcKXls door 4-ires inflammation].. In- 
flammation of the ileocecal valve. 
typhlo-empyema (tif"lo-em-pi-e'mah) [Gr. rv<pXbv 
cecum + empyema]. An abdominal abscess 
accompanying appendicitis. 
typhlo-enteritis (tif"lo-en-ter-i'tis). Typhlen- 
teritis. 
typhlohepatitis (tif-lo-hep-at-i'tis). Infectious 
enterohepatitis of turkeys. 
typhlolexia (tif-lo-leks'e-ah) [Gr. rvipXbs blind 
+ Xe&s speech]. Word-blindness. 
typhlolithiasis (tif"lo-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. tv^Xop 
cecum + XIOos stone]. The presence of calculi in 
the cecum. 
typhlology (tif-lol'o-je) [Gr. rv<p\bs blind + Xoyos 
discourse]. The sum of what is known in regard 
to blindness. 
typhlon (tif'lon) [Gr. rvpXos blind]. The cecum, 
typhlopexia, typhlopexy (tif-lo-peks'e-ah, tif'lo- 
peks-e) [Gr. TvvXbs blind + irfj^Ls fixation]. 
The operation of fixing the cecum to the abdominal 
wall for the relief of invagination. 
typhlosis (tif-lo'sis) [Gr. rvipXbs blind]. Blindness, 
typhlostenosis (tif'lo-sten-o'sis) [Gr. rvipXbv 
cecum + arevwcrLS narrowing]. Contraction of the 
cecum. 
typhlostomy (tif-los'to-me) [Gr. rvtpXbv cecum 4- 
arbpa mouth]. Colostomy in which the opening 
is made into the cecum. 
typhloteritis (tif"lo-ter-i'tis). Same as typhlo- 
enteritis. 
typhlotomy (tif-lot'o-me) [Gr. TvtpXbv cecum + 
Ttpveiv to cut]. The operation of cutting into 
the cecum. 
typhlo-ureterostomy (tif"lo-u-re-ter-os'to-me) 
[Gr. rvipXbv cecum 4- ovpTjrrjp ureter + aTopa 
mouth]. The operation of implanting the ureter 
into the cecum. 
typhobacillosis (ti"fo-bas-il-o'sis) [typhus 4- 
bacillus]. The symptoms due to poisoning by 
the toxins of the Bacil'lus typho'sus. t. tubercu- 
lo'sa, a condition due to tuberculous infection and 
exhibiting the symptoms of typhoid fever. It is 
frequently followed by tuberculosis of the viscera 
or lungs. 
typhobacterin (ti-fo-bak'ter-in). See bacterial 
vaccine, under vaccine. 
typhogenic (ti-fo-jen'ik). Causing typhus or 
typhoid fever. 
typhohemia (ti-fo-he'me-ah) [typhus 4- Gr. acpa 
blood]. Putrefaction of the blood. 
typhoid (ti'foid) [L. typhoi'des; Gr. rvipos stupor 
4" e*6os form]. Resembling typhus, abenteric 
t. See typhoid fever, under fever, ambulatory 
t. See typhoid fever, under fever, apyretic t. 
See typhoid fever, under fever, bilious t., the 
icteric variety of relapsing fever, cholera t., 
the typhoid state sometimes coming on after 
the algid stage of cholera. It is occasionally 
attended by a skin eruption, t. fever. See 
fever. Manchurian t., a disease seen in Man- 
churia during the Russo-Japanese war, distinct 
from typhoid, and resembling in its symptoms 
Brill's disease, pellagra t., pellagra marked by 
moderate fever with mild delirium, t. state. See 
state, subcontinuous t., a form of malarial 
disease simulating typhoid fever, walking t. 
See typhoid fever, under fever. 
typhoidal (ti-foid'al). Resembling typhoid. 
TYPHOIDAL TYPHOIDETTE 
1198 
TZETZE 
typhoidette (ti-foid-et'). A mild form of typhoid 
fever. 
typhoidin (ti'foi-din). A ten-day culture of a 
single strain of Bacillus typhosus on glycerin broth 
evaporated to one-tenth volume (Gay and Force, 
1914). It is also used in the cutaneous reaction 
for typhoid fever. See typhoidin test, under test. 
typhoin (ti-fo'in). A preparation of bacilli of ty- 
phoid injected hypodermically in typhoid fever. 
Dose, 10-50 gr. (0.65-3 gm.) daily. 
typholumbricosis (ti"fo-lum-brik-o'sis). A fever 
resembling typhoid fever in its symptoms, but due 
to lumbricid worms such as Ascaris. 
typholysin (ti-fol'is-in) [typhoid + Gr. Xvais dis- 
solution], A lysin which destroys typhoid bacilli. 
typhomalarial (ti"fo-mal-a're-al). Of malarial 
origin, but with typhoid symptoms. See fever. 
typhomania (ti-fo-ma'ne-ah) [Gr. rv<pos stupor 4- 
pavta madness]. The state of muttering delirium 
accompanying typhus or typhoid fever, and char- 
acteristic of the typhoid state. 
typhonia (ti-fo'ne-ah). Same as typhomania. 
Typhonium trilobatum (ti-fo'ne-um tri-lo-ba'- 
tum) [L.]. An Asiatic plant, highly valued in 
oriental practice as a polychrest remedy. 
typhopaludism (ti-fo-pal'u-dizm). Malarial fever 
with typhoid symptoms. 
typhophor (ti'fo-for) [typhoid + <p6pos bearing]. 
A person who carries typhoid; a typhoid carrier. 
See carrier. 
typhopneumonia (ti"fo-nu-mo'ne-ah). Pneu- 
monia complicated with typhoid fever, or pneu- 
monia with symptoms of typhoid. 
typhoprotein (ti-fo-pro'te-in). A protein derived 
from several different strains of typhoid bacilli: 
used in the ophthalmic reaction for typhoid fever. 
typhoremittent (ti"fo-re-mit'ent). Remittent 
and having typhoid symptoms. 
typhorubeloid (ti-fo-ru'bel-oid). Typhoid fever 
with an eruption resembling that of measles. 
typhose (ti'fos). Resembling typhoid fever. 
typhosepsis (ti-fo-sep'sis) [Gr. rvpos stupor 4- 
afppis putrefaction]. The septic poisoning that 
occurs in typhoid. 
typhosis (ti-fo'sis). Any typhus-like affection. 
typhotoxin (ti-fo-toks'in). A deadly ptomain, 
C7H17NO2, isomeric with gadinin, derived from 
cultures of typhoid-fever bacillus. It causes 
diarrhea, muscular paralysis, salivation, and dila- 
tation of the pupil. 
typhous (ti'fus). Pertaining to or like typhus. 
typhus, t. fever (ti'fus) [Gr. rvpos stupor], A 
contagious fever characterized by a petechial 
eruption, high temperature, and great prostra- 
tion. See under fever, abdominal t., t. ab- 
domina'lis, typhoid fever, collapsing t., the 
im-pyeng of Corea; an infectious typhoid fever, 
t. icteroi'des, yellow fever, t. laevis'simus, a 
very mild form of enteric fever, t. recur'rens, 
relapsing fever, t. sid'erans, true typhus of a 
malignant and quickly fatal form. 
typic, typical (tip'ik, tip'ik-al) [Gr. tuttikos] 
Presenting the distinctive features of any type. 
typing of blood (ty'ping). Determining the type 
of iso-agglutination in the blood of both donor and 
recipient before transfusion of blood. In this 
way a donor can be selected whose blood will mix 
with the recipient's blood without causing ag- 
glutination or hemolysis. 
typoscope (ti'po-skop) [Gr. rviros type 4- vKo-ireiv 
to view]. An instrument to aid amblyopes and 
cataract patients in reading. 
tyramin (ti-ram'in). An active principle of ergot, 
parahydroxyphenylethylamin, OH.C6H4(CH2)2- 
NH2. It is the amin of tyrosin. It causes increase 
of blood-pressure, improves the action of the 
heart, and antagonizes the respiratory depression 
of morphin. Dose, |-| gr. (0.02-0.04 gm.). It 
has some oxytocic effect. 
tyrannism (tir'an-izm) [Gr. rbpavvos tyrant]. In- 
sane or morbid cruelty; also cruelty with sexual 
perversion. 
tyratol (ti'rat-ol). Thymotal. 
tyrein (ti're-in) [Gr. rvpos cheese]. The coagu- 
lated casein of milk. 
tyremesis (ti-rem'es-is) [Gr. rvpos cheese + ipeais 
vomiting]. The caseous vomiting of infants. 
tyresin (ti-re'sin). A principle derivable from 
the venom of serpents and from the juice of mush- 
rooms; it is said to be an antidote for snake-poison- 
ing. 
tyriasis (tir-i'as-is). Elephantiasis; also alopecia. 
tyrogenous (ti-roj'en-us) [Gr. rvpos cheese 4- 
yeuvav to produce]. Originating in cheese. 
Tyroglyphus (ti-rog'lif-us) [Gr. rvpos cheese + 
yXvpeiv to carve]. A genus of acarids. T. lon'- 
gior, the species which causes copra itch. T. 
si'ro, the cheese-mite; said sometimes to produce 
gastritis and diarrhea in persons who eat cheese 
containing them. 
tyroid (ti'roid) [Gr. rvpos cheese + el bos form]. 
Caseous; resembling cheese. 
tyroleucin (ti-ro-lu'sin) [Gr. rvpos cheese 4- 
leucin]. A substance, C14H22N2O4, from decom- 
posed albumin. 
tyroma (ti-ro'mah) [Gr. rvpos cheese + -wpa tumor]. 
A caseous tumor; a new-growth or nodule of cheesy 
matter. 
tyromatosis (ti-ro-mat-o'sis) [Gr. rvpwpa cheese]. 
Caseation. 
tyrosal (ti'ro-sal). Same as salipyrin. 
tyrosin (ti-ro'sin) [Gr. rvpos cheese]. A crystal- 
lizable amino-acid; OH.C6H5.CH2CHNH2COOH, 
or oxyphenylaminopropionic acid, a product of the 
putrefaction or the pancreatic digestion of pro- 
teins (Liebig, 1846). It is an essential constituent 
of any diet. It has been found in many organs of 
the body and appears in the urine in diseased con- 
ditions, particularly acute yellow atrophy of the 
liver. Injected subcutaneously it is an antidote 
to the poison of snake-venom. 
tyrosinase (ti-ro'sin-as). An oxidizing ferment 
in animal tissues, converting tyrosin into pig- 
ments similar to melanin. 
tyrosinuria (ti"ro-sin-u're-ah) [tyrosin + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of tyrosin in urine. 
tyrosis (ti-ro'sis) [Gr. rvpos cheese]. Cheesy de- 
generation or caseation. 
Tyrothrix (ti'ro-thriks) [Gr. rvpos cheese 4- 0pl£ 
hair]. A genus of schizomycetes, or bacilli, 
causing the coagulation of milk. 
tyrotoxicon (ti-ro-toks'ik-on) [Gr. rvpos cheese 4- 
to^lkov poison], A poisonous crystalline ptomain, 
C8H5N.N.OH, or diazobenzene hydroxid, some- 
times occurring in stale milk, cheese, and ice- 
cream. When ingested, it causes vertigo, head- 
ache, vomiting, chills, muscular cramps, purging, 
prostration, and death. 
tyro toxin (ti-ro-toks'in) [Gr. rvpos cheese 4- toxin]. 
Any toxin developed in cheese or milk by a 
bacillus. 
tyrotoxism (ti-ro-toks'izm) [Gr. rvpos cheese 4* 
to^lkov poison]. Cheese-poisoning. 
tyroxin (ti-roks'in). One of the derivatives of the 
decomposition of albumin. 
Tyrrell's fascia, hook (tir'elz) [Frederick Tyrrell, 
English anatomist, 1797-1843]. See fascia, hook. 
Tyson's glands (ti'sunz) [Edward Tyson, English 
physician and anatomist, 1649-1708]. See under 
gland- 
tysonian (ti-so'ne-an). Named after the anatomist, 
Edward Tyson. See Tyson's glands, under gland. 
TZ. The symbol for tuberculin zymoplastiche, or 
the dried residue of the portions of the tubercle 
bacilli which are soluble in alcohol. 
tzetze (set'se). Same as tsetse. u. 
1199 
ULCER 
u 
U. Abbreviation for unit; the symbol for uranium. 
uabain (wah'ba-in). See ouabain. 
uarthritis (u-ar-thri'tis). Gout due to excess of 
uric acid in the system. 
uaterium (wat-e're-um) [Gr. ovs ear], A medical 
preparation for use in the ear. 
uberous (u'ber-us). Prolific. 
uberty (u'ber-te) [L. u'ber udder]. Fertility, 
ucambin (oo-kam'bin). See ukambin. 
udder (ud'er). The mammary gland of cattle and 
certain other animals. 
Udranszky's test (oo-dran'skez)[Laszlo Udranszky, 
Budapest physiologist, died 1914]- See under tests. 
udrenin (ud-re'nin). A proprietary local anes- 
thetic containing beta-eucain and adrenalin. 
udruj (ud'ruj). An East Indian medicinal gum. 
Uffelmann's test (oof'el-mahnz) [Jules Uffelmann, 
German physician, 1837-1894]. See under tests. 
Uhlenhuth's test (oo'len-hoot) [Paul Uhlenhuth, 
German bacteriologist, born 1870]. See under 
tests. 
Uhthoff's sign (oot'hofs) [W. Uhthof, ophthalmol- 
ogist in Breslau, born 1853]. See under sign. 
uixi (wiks'e). The Myris'tica platysper'ma, a 
medicinal plant of South America. 
ukambin (oo-kam'bin). A crystalline alkaloid 
from African arrow-poison having the effect of 
strophanthin, but more active. It is soluble in 
water and alcohol. 
ula (u'lah) [Gr. ovXov gum]. The gum; the gingiva, 
ulaemorrhagia. See ulemorrhagia. 
ulaganactesis (u-lag-an-ak-te'sis) [Gr. ovXov gum 
+ ayavaKTriais irritation]. Irritation or itching 
of the gums. 
ulalgia (u-lal'je-ah) [Gr. ovXov gum + aXyos pain]. 
Pain in the gum^ 
ulatrophia (u-lat-ro'fe-ah) [Gr. ovXov gum + arpo- 
<pla atrophy]. See ulatrophy. 
ulatrophy (u-lat'ro-fe) [ulatrophia]. Shrinkage of 
the gums; a form of pericementoclasia marked by a 
decrease in the bulk of the marginal and cemental 
gingiva with exposure of the cementum. afunc- 
tional U., ulatrophy due to congenital mal- 
occlusion. 
Ulcer (ul'ser) [L. ul'cus}. An open sore other than 
a wound; a loss of substance on a cutaneous 
! or mucous surface, causing gradual disintegra- 
tion and necrosis of the tissues. Aden u. 1. A 
form of oriental sore or Aleppo boil. 2. An 
ulcer of the leg following beriberi, adherent 
U., a skin ulcer the base of which adheres to the 
subcutaneous fascia. Allingham's u., fis- 
sure of the anus. amputating u., ulcera- 
| tion which encircles a part and destroys the tissues 
I to the bone, anamite u., an obstinate en- 
demic sore of Indo-China: probably furunculus 
orientalis. Called also Cochin-China u. Annam 
U., an ulcer endemic in tropical parts of Asia, 
similar to Aleppo boil, arrosion u., an annoy- 
ing ulcer of the respiratory tract: usually tubercu- 
lous. arterial u., an ulcer of the skin caused by 
disease of an artery, atheromatous u., a 
loss of substance in the wall of an artery or in the 
endocardium, caused by the breaking down of an 
atheromatous patch or abscess, atonic u., a 
chronic ulcer with unhealthy granulations, au- 
tochthonous u., a chancre. Bouveret u., 
i an ulcer occurring in typhoid fever in the 
j fauces just above and to the outer side of 
the tonsil. callous U. Same as indolent 
u. carious u., a gangrenous sore, chan- 
croidal u. Same as chancroid, chrome u., an 
ulcer produced by chromium or its salts: seen in 
tanners and others working in chromium, chronic 
u. See indolent u. Clark's u., corroding ulcer 
of the neck of the uterus. Cochin-China u. 
See anamite u. cockscomb u., an ulcer with 
condylomatous outgrowths, cold U., a small 
non-inflammatory ulcer of the extremities, some- 
times gangrenous. It is due to imperfect nutri- 
tion, and is attended with coldness of the surface, 
concealed u., destructive inflammation affect- 
ing some internal tissue. constitutional 
U., one that is a local expression of a general 
disease, such as tuberculosis or pyemia, cor- 
roding u., one which spreads by a gangrenous 
process., corrosive u., gangrenous stomatitis, 
crateriform u., a conic and swiftly growing 
epithelioma of the face, having a crater-like ulcer 
at the apex, creeping u., a serpiginous ulcer. 
Crombie's u., ulcer of the gum in sprue. Cru- 
veilhier's u., simple gastric ulcer. See ulcus 
ventriculi. Curling's u., an ulcer of the duo- 
denum following a severe burn upon the surface 
of the body, cystoscopic u., ulcer of the 
bladder due to injury by the cystoscope. dendri- 
form U., ulcer of the cornea branching in vari- 
ous directions, dental u., an ulcer on the- 
tongue caused by irritation from the edge of a 
broken tooth, diphtheric u., one the surface 
of which is partly or entirely covered by a diphther- 
ic membrane, endemic u., any form of ulcer 
prevailing in special districts or regions, like 
furunculus orientalis. erethistic u. Same as- 
irritable u. fissurated u., a lacerated and ul- 
cerated condition of the cervix uteri, fissured 
U., a deep and more or less linear form of ulcer, 
fistulous u., the ulcerated superficial end of a 
fistula. follicular u., a small ulcer on the 
mucous membrane having its origin in a lymph- 
follicle. fungous u., one covered by pale, 
fungous granulations, projecting above the level 
of the skin. Called also weak u. Gaboon u., a 
variety of tropical ulcer occurring in the French 
Congo, Africa, gastric u., an ulcer seated 
on the inner wall of the stomach. See ulcus 
ventriculi. gouty u., a superficial ulcer oc- 
curring over a gouty joint. gummatous u., 
a broken-down superficial gumma. gwaliar 
u., furunculus orientalis. hard u., chancre, 
healthy u., an ulcer which tends to progress 
toward a cure. It is attended with serous exuda- 
tion, red, non-projecting, and painless granula- 
tions, and smooth, soft edges, hemorrhagic 
U., one from which blood occasionally flows, 
indolent U., one with an indurated and elevated 
edge and a non-granulating base, usually occurring, 
on the leg, and nearly painless. Called also 
chronic u. and callous u. inflamed u., one with 
edematous and painful borders and a purulent 
discharge, intractable u., an indolent ulcer 
that resists treatment irritable u., one of which 
the surface and surrounding parts are red, tender, 
and painful. Jacob's u., rodent ulcer; especially 
that of an eyelid. Jeddah u., oriental boil. 
Kocher's dilatation u., ulceration oc- 
curring in a greatly distended intestine or in 
the course of ileus. Kurunigala u., pyosis- 
tropica. Lahore u., furunculus orientalis. 
lupoid u., a skin ulcer that simulates or re- 
sembles lupus, lymphatic u., one with an 
exudate resembling lymph. Malabar u., 
phagedaena tropica; probably the same as furun- 
culus orientalis. Marjolin's u., an ulcer 
seated upon an old cicatrix; it follows the break- 
ing down of warty cicatricial tumors, men- 
strual U., an ulcer which is the seat of vicarious 
menstruation, mercurial u., an ulcer caused 
by mercurial poisoning. Mooren's u., rodent 
ulcer of the cornea. Mozambique u., an 
endemic ulcer of East Africa: apparently a form of 
oriental boil. Parrot's u., the ulceration seen 
in thrush. Pendinski u., furunculus orien- ULCERATE 
1200 
ULNA 
talis. Pend j eh u., an endemic ulcer of Tur- 
comans in Penj Deh (Khorassan). peptic 
U., an ulcer seated upon the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach or duodenum, per- 
ambulating u. See sloughing u. perfor- 
ating U., one which penetrates through the 
entire thickness of an organ, as the foot, or the wall 
of the stomach or intestine. Persian u., a form 
of ulcer prevalent in Persia: supposed to be oriental 
boil, phagedenic u., one which spreads rapidly 
and destructively, eating away the tissues, and 
marked by sloughing particles in the discharge. 
Called also sloughing u. phlegmonous u. 
Same as inflamed u. Plant's u., Vincent's 
angina. See angina, pudendal u. See ulcerat- 
ing granuloma of pudenda, under granuloma. 
putrid u., hospital gangrene, rodent u., car- 
cinomatous or epithehomatous ulcer which grad- 
ually involves and eats away the soft tissues and 
bones. It is generally seated upon the face, 
round u. 1. A peptic ulcer of the stomach. See 
ulcus ventriculi. 2. A rapid ulceration of the uterus, 
probably malignant. Saemisch's u., an infec- 
tious and serpiginous ulcer of the cornea, scor- 
butic u., one due to a scorbutic taint, ser- 
piginous U., one which moves from place to 
place, healing in one part and extending in an- 
other. simple u., a mild form of ulcer which is 
neither of septic origin nor the expression of a 
general disease, sloughing u. Same as phag- 
edenic u. stercoral u., an ulcer caused by the 
pressure of impacted feces; also a fistulous ulcer 
through which fecal matter escapes, sublingual 
U., an ulcer on the frenum of the tongue, caused 
by the irritation of the lower incisor teeth, and 
sometimes occurring in whooping-cough, symp- 
tomatic u., an ulcer that indicates some general 
disease. Syrian u., diphtheria; also Aleppo boil, 
or furunculus orientalis. tanner's u. See 
chrome u. Tashkend u., one of the crusted ulcers 
that are developed in Sartian disease, an endemic 
affection occurring in Tashkend in Asiatic Russia, 
toe-nail u., onychia maligna, chiefly of the great 
toe. traumatic u., one due to a local injury, 
trophic u., an ulcer due to imperfect nutrition 
of the part, trophoneurotic u., ulcer due to 
a nervous disease of central origin, tropical u. 
See furunculus orientalis. tuberculous u., one 
due to the bacillus of tuberculosis. Turkestan 
U., Sartian disease; probably furunculus orien- 
talis. unhealthy u., an ulcer which does not 
tend to progress to a cure. The term includes 
callous u., fungous u., and phagedenic u. vari- 
cose U., one that is due to varicose veins, vene- 
real u., chancre, veneroid u., a disease marked 
by the formation of ulcers about the vulva? of per- 
sons who have not been exposed to venereal disease. 
The ulcers resemble chancre or chancroid. Called 
also Welander's ulcer, warty u. Same as Mar- 
jolin's u. weak u., one with flabby, projecting, 
fungous granulations; a fungous ulcer. Wel- 
ander's u. See veneroid u. yemen u., Aden 
boil; furunculus orientalis. Zambesi u., an ulcer 
endemic among laborers of the Zambesi valley. It 
•occurs on the leg or foot and is not attended with 
constitutional symptoms. It is caused by the larva 
of a dipterous fly which burrows into the subcuta- 
neous tissue. 
■Ulcerate (ul'ser-at) [L. ulcera're, ulcera'tus], To 
become affected with ulceration. 
ulceration (ul-ser-a'shun) [L. ulcera'tio]. 1. The 
formation of an ulcer. 2. An ulcer. U. of 
Daguet, ulceration of the uvula and other parts 
of the throat, seen in typhoid fever, u. of the 
stomach. See ulcus ventriculi. 
ulcerative (ul'ser-a-tiv). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of an ulcer. 
ulcerine (ul'scr-en). A proprietary ointment for the 
treatment of x-ray burns. 
ulcerocancer (ul"ser-o-kan'ser). Malignant ulcer 
of the pylorus. 
ulceromembranous (iil"ser-o-mem'bran-us). 
Characterized by ulceration and by a membranous 
exudation. 
ulcerous (ul'ser-us) |[L. ulcer o'sus], i. Of the 
nature of an ulcer. 2. Affected with ulceration. 
ulcus (ul'kus), pl. ul'cera. Latin for ulcer. u. 
am'buians, "perambulating ulcer." Same as 
sloughing ulcer, under ulcer. U. ambustifor'- 
me, a chancroid which resembles a simple excoria- 
tion. u. cancrosum, cancer. u. du'rum, 
"hard ulcer"; a true chancre, u. ex'edens. 
See rodent ulcer, under ulcer, u. phage daen'- 
icum corro'dens, a gangrenous phagedenic 
ulcer of the vaginal part of the uterus, u. ro'- 
dens. See rodent ulcer, u. scorbu'ticum, an 
ulcer forming in scurvy, u. serpens. Same as ser- 
piginous ulcer, u. ser'pens cor'nea, a serpigi- 
nous ulcer of the cornea, u. sim'plex, a chancroid, 
u. syphilit'icum, a chancre or other syphilitic 
sore. u. ventric'uli, ulceration of the stomach; 
a condition attended by pain, nausea, and vomit- 
ing, and due to obstruction of the blood-vessels. 
It occurs most frequently in young women, and 
is often brought on by eating. It may cause per- 
foration of the serous coat of the stomach and 
prove fatal. Called also round ulcer, perforating 
ulcer of the stomach, u. ventriculi rotundum, and u. 
ventriculi perforans. 
ulectomy (u-lek'to-me) [Gr. ovXv scar + iK-row 
excision]. Excision of scar tissue, i. e., in secondary 
iridectomy. 
ulemorrhagia, ulaemorrhagia (u"lem-or-a'je- 
ah) (Gr. ov\ov gum + alpoppayla bleeding]. 
Bleeding or hemorrhage from the gums. 
ulerythema (u"ler-ith-e'mah) [Gr. ovXr/ scar + 
ipv0T)pa erythema]. An erythematous disease of 
the skin characterized by the formation of cicatrices 
and by atrophy. U. acneifor'me, a condition 
characterized by erythema and thickening of the 
skin about the hair-follicles, u. centrif'ugum, 
lupus erythematosus, u. ophry o'genes, a dis- 
ease marked by erythema of the skin around the 
hair-follicles, which become filled with a plug of 
hardened epithelium. u. sycosifor'me, a 
chronic inflammation of the hair-follicles of the 
beard, with destruction of the skin. 
uletic (u-let'ik) [Gr. ovXov gum]. Pertaining to the 
gums. 
uletomy (u-let'o-me) [Gr. ovXr) scar + Topy a 
cutting]. Incision of a cicatrix. 
ulexin (u-leks'in) [L. u'lex furze]. A diuretic and 
tonic alkaloid, CnH14N/), from the seeds of 
U'lex euro pee1 a, the furze, or gorse. Dose, 
gr. (0.003-0.006 gm.). 
uliginous (u-lij'imus) [L. uligino'sus moist]. 
Muddy or slimy . 
ulitis (u-li'tis) [Gr. ovXov gum 4-wis inflamma- 
tion]. Inflammation of the gums, aphthous 
U., ulitis combined with aphthae, fungous U., 
ulitis in which the gums have a fungous appear- 
ance. interstitial u., inflammation of the 
connective tissue of the gums around the teeth, 
mercurial u.,, ulitis due to mercurialism. scor- 
butic u., ulitis due to scurvy, ulcerative u., 
ulitis with ulceration. 
ullem (ul'em). A kind of dyspepsia occurring in 
Lapland. 
ulmaren (ul'mar-en). An orange-colored mixture 
of salicylic acid esters of higher aliphatic alcohols: 
used externally in rheumatism and gout. 
ulmin (ul'min). A principle, C^H^Oh, from elm- 
sap, peat, and other sources. See also ulmic 
acid, under add. 
Ulmus (ul'mus) [L. gen. ul'mi ehn], A genus of 
ulmaceous trees; the elms. The inner bark of 
Ul'mus ful'va, the slippery elm, is mucilaginous 
and demulcent, and is used in diarrhea, dysen- 
tery, and urinary diseases; also in the form of a 
poultice for inflammation. 
ulna (ul'nah) [L.]. The inner and larger bone of 
the forearm, on the side opposite that of the thumb. It articulates with the head of the radius above and 
with the radius below. 
ulnad (ul'nad). Toward the ulna. 
ulnar (ul'nar) [L. ulna'ris]. Pertaining to the 
ulna; also pertaining to the ulnar nerve or the 
ulnar artery. 
ulnare (ul-na're) [L.]. The cuneiform bone of the 
carpus. 
ulnar is (ul-na'ris). See muscles, table of. 
ulnen (ul'nen). Pertaining to the ulna alone. 
ulnocarpal (ul-no-kar'pal). Pertaining to the 
ulna and carpus. 
ulnoradial (ul-no-ra'de-al). Pertaining to the 
ulna and the radius. 
ulocace (u-lok'as-e) [Gr. ovXov gum + KaK-q bad- 
ness], Ulceration of the gums. 
ulocarcinoma (u"lo-kar-sin-o'mah) [Gr. ovXov 
gum -|- carcinoma]. Carcinoma of the gums. 
ulodermatitis (u"lo-der-mat-i'tis) [Gr. ovXq scar 
+ dermatitis]. Inflammation of the skin, producing 
scars. 
Uloglossitis (u"lo-glos-i'tis) [Gr. ovXov gum + 
yXGxrva tongue]. Inflammation of the gums and 
the tongue. 
uloid (u'loid) [Gr. ovXq scar + eibos form]. 1. Re- 
sembling a scar, but not due to any lesion of the 
skin. 2. A spurious cicatrix; a scar-like spot 
due to a subcutaneous degeneration. It is seen 
in syphilis and lupus of the skin, and is also called 
uloid cicatrix. 
uloncus (u-long'kus) [Gr. ovXop gum + oyuos 
tumor], A swelling or tumor of the gums. 
ulorrhagia (u-lor-a'je-ah) [Gr. ovXov gum + 
yqyvwaL to burst forth]. A sudden or free dis- 
charge of blood from the gums. 
ulorrhea, ulorrhoea (u-lor-e'ah) [Gr. ovXov gum 
+ pota flow]. An oozing of blood from the gums. 
ulosis (u-lo'sis) [Gr. obXq scar]. Cicatrization. 
ulotic (u-lot'ik). Pertaining to a cicatrix; producing 
cicatrization. 
ulotrichous (u-lot'rik-us) [Gr. ovXos woolly + 
0pl^ hair]. Having woolly hair. 
ulsanin (ul'san-in) [L. ul'cus ulcer 4- sana're to heal]. 
A proprietary preparation of boric acid and iodin 
for the treatment of ulcers. 
Ultimate (ul'tim-at) [L. ul'timus last]. The last 
or farthest; final or most remote. 
ultimisternal (ul"tim-i-ster'nal). Pertaining to 
the xiphoid cartilage. 
ultimum moriens (ul'tim-um mo're-enz) [L. 
" last to die "]. 1. The right auricle, said to be 
the last part of the body to move in dying. 2. The 
upper part of the trapezius muscle. 
ult. praes. Abbreviation for L. ul'timum prcescrip'- 
tus, last prescribed. 
ultra- [L. " beyond "]. A prefix denoting excess, 
ultr abr achycephalic (ul"trah-brak"e-sef-al'ik). 
Having a cephalic index of more than 90. 
ultradolichocephalic (ul"trah-dol"ik-o-sef-al'ik). 
Extremely dolichocephalic; having a cephalic index 
of not more than 64. 
ultrafilter (ul-trah-fil'ter). An apparatus for per- 
forming ultrafiltration. 
ultrafiltration (ul-trah-fil-tra'shun). Filtration 
by use of an ordinary filter that has been infil- 
trated with some colloidal substance, such as gel- 
atin, and through which is forced, under pressure, 
the fluid that is to be filtered. 
ultragaseous state (ul-trah-gaz'e-us). See under 
radiant matter. 
Ultraligation (ul"trah-li-ga'shun). Ligation of a 
vessel beyond the point of origin of a branch 
ultramicrobe (ul-trah-mi'krob). An ultramicro- 
scopic microorganism. 
ultramicron (ul-trah-mi'kron). An ultramicro- 
scopic particle less than one-fourth of a micron in 
diameter. 
ULNAD 
1201 
ultramicroscope (ul-trah-mi'kro-skop). An at- 
tachment for a microscope by which colloid 
particles, the flagella of bacteria, spirochetes, the 
dancing granules in leukocytes, and other objects 
become visible. Light rays from the mirror of a 
compound microscope do not pass directly through 
the field to the eye, but are diverted and illuminate 
the objects from the side. Hence the objects appear 
light against a dark field. 
ultramicroscopic (ul"trah-mik-ro-skop'ik). Too 
small to be seen with a microscope. 
ultramicroscopy (ul"trah-mi-kros'ko-pe). The 
employment of the ultramicroscope. 
ultraprophylaxis (ul"trah-pro-fil-ak'sis). Pro- 
phylaxis directed toward the prevention of dis- 
eased or abnormal children by regulation of the 
marriage of the unfit. 
Ultraquinin (ul-trah-kwin'in). An alkaloid from 
cuprea bark. Called also homoquinin. 
ultra-red (ul-trah-red'). Same as infra-red. 
ultratoxon (ul-trah-tok'son). A toxon of the lowest 
degree of toxicity. 
ultraviolet rays (ul-trah-vi'o-let). Those invisible 
rays of the spectrum which are beyond the violet 
rays. 
ultromotivity (ul"tro-mo-tiv/it-e) [L. zd'tro spon- 
taneously]. Ability to move spontaneously. 
Ultzmann's test (ooltz'mahnz) [Robert Ultzmann, 
German chemist, 1842-1889]. See under tests. 
ululation (ul-u-la'shun) [L. ulula're to howl]. The 
loud crying or wailing of hysteric patients. 
ulyptol (u-lip'tol). A proprietary antiseptic mix- 
ture of phenol, 1 part; eucalyptus oil, 1 part; and 
salicylic acid, 6 parts. 
umb. Abbreviation for L. umbili'cus, the navel. 
umbelliferone (um-bel-if'er-on). A crystalline 
compound, C6(OH,H,H,CH : CH,O,CH,H), de- 
rived from certain umbelliferous plants. 
TTmbellularia (um"bel-u-la're-ah) [L.]. A genus of 
laurinaceous trees. U. califor'nica (bay- or spice- 
tree) has leaves which are used in diarrhea, colic, 
and headache. Dose of fluidextract, 10-30 min. 
(0.66-2 c.c.). 
umbellulone (um-bel'u-lon). A colorless liquid 
ketone, C10HuO, from the oil of Umbellularia. 
umber (um'ber). A natural earth containing chiefly 
manganese, iron oxid, and silica: used as a pigment. 
umbilical (um-bil'ik-al) [L. umbilica'lis]. Pertain- 
ing to the umbilicus. 
umbilicate (um-bil'ik-at) [L. umbilica' tus], Shaped 
like or resembling the navel. 
umbilicated (um-bil'ik-at-ed). Marked by de- 
pressed and navel-like spots. 
umbilication (um"bil-ik-a'shun). A navel-like 
depression or pit. 
umbilicus (um-bil-i'kus) [L.]. The navel; the 
cicatrix which marks the site of the entry of the 
umbilical cord, decidual u., a small cicatricial 
mark on the ovum in the early part of its stay in 
the uterus; supposed to mark the place of the 
closure of the decidua reflexa. posterior u. 
Same as sinus, pilonidal. 
umbo (um'bo), pl. umbo'nes [L. "boss"]. The pro- 
jecting center of any rounded surface; especially 
the apex of the membrana tympani (u. tym- 
pani). 
umbonate (um'bo-nat) [L. umbo a knob]. Knob- 
like; button-like; having a button-like, raised 
center. 
umbrascopy (um-bras'ko-pe) [L. um'bra shade -|- 
Gr. (TKoireiv to view]. Same as skiascopy. 
unada (u-na'dah). A proprietary laxative diuretic, 
tonic, and antirheumatic preparation. 
unavoidable hemorrhage (un-av-oi'da-bl hem'- 
or-aj). See hemorrhage. 
unbalance (un-bal'ans). Lack or loss of the nor- 
mal balance between paired parts or organs. 
UNBALANCE Uncaria (un-ka're-ah) [L.]. A genus of rubiaceous 
tropical plants. See gambir. 
uncia (un'se-ah). Latin for ounce (q. v.) and for 
inch. 
unciform (un'sif-orm) [L. un'eus hook + foEma 
form]. Hooked; shaped like a hook. u. bone. 
See unciforme. 
unciforme, os unciforme (os un"se-for'me) [L.]. 
The unciform bone; a bone at the ulnar edge of the 
carpus and in the distal row. 
uncinal (un'sin-al). Uncinate. 
Uncinaria (un-sin-a're-ah) [L. un'eus hook]. A 
genus of nematode worms. U. america'na. 
Same as Necator americanus. U. duodena'lis. 
Same as A nkylo stoma duodenale. U. stenoceph'- 
ala, the hookworm found in dogs. 
uncinariasis, uncinariosis (un-sin-ar-i'as-is, un- 
sin-ar-e-o'sis). See ankylostomiasis. 
uncinariatic (un-sin-a-re-at'ik). Relating to or 
affected with uncinariasis. 
uncinate (un'sin-at). Hooked or barred; undform. 
uncinatum (un-sin-a'tum) The unciform bone, 
uncipressure (un'se-presh-ur) [L. un'eus hook + 
pressu'ra pressure]. Pressure with a hook to stay 
hemorrhage. 
uncomplemented (un-kom'ple-men-ted). Not 
joined with complement, and therefore not active. 
unconscious (un-kon'shus). Insensible; not re- 
ceiving any sensory impressions and not having 
any subjective experiences. In Freudian termin- 
ology, the unconscious means that part of the mind 
which includes all thoughts and wishes which the 
person possessing them cannot accept as belonging 
to himself, of which he therefore does not know and 
never can know except through some psychothera- 
peutic procedure, such as psycho-analysis. 
unco-ossified (un-ko-os'if-id). Not united into one 
bone. 
unction (unk'shun) [L. uneftio}. An ointment; 
the application of an ointment; inunction. 
unctuous (unkt'u-us). Greasy or oily. 
uncus (ung'kus) [L. "a hook"]. A hook or hook- 
like structure, u. gy'ri fornicati, u. gy ri 
hippocam pi [B N A], the uncinate convolution. 
undecalcified (un-de-kal'se-fid). Not decalcified, 
undecane (un'de-kan). A colorless hydrocarbon, 
CH3(CH2)9CH3, formed by the action of hydriodic 
add and phosphorus on undecylic add. 
undercut (un'der-kut). A side cut made in the 
cavity of a tooth which is being filled, made for the 
purpose of anchoring the filling. 
underhorn (un-der-hom). The inferior cornu of 
the lateral ventricle. 
underhung, underjawed (un-der-hung', un-der- 
jawd'). Having a prominent lower jaw. 
understain (un'der-stan). To stain less deeply than 
usual. 
undertoe (un-der-to). A condition in which the 
great toe is displaced under the others. 
undifferentiation (un-dif-er-en-she-a'shun). See 
anaplasia. 
undine (un'din). A small glass flask for irrigating 
the eye. 
undulant (un'du-lant) ]L. un'da wave]. Charac- 
terized by wave-like fluctuations. 
undulation (un-du-la'shun) [L. undula'tio}. A 
wave-like motion in any medium; a vibration, 
jugular u. Same as venous pulse, respiratory 
U., the variation of the blood-pressure curve due 
to respiration. 
Ung., ung. An abbreviation for L. unguen'tum. 
ointment. 
ungrol (un'grol). A preparation of glycerin, gel- 
atin, and sublamin: used as a prophylactic for syph- 
ilis and gonorrhea. 
ungual (un'gwal) [L. un'guis nail]. Pertaining to 
the nails. 
UNCARIA 
1202 
unguent (un'gwent) [L. unguen'tum ointment]. 
Any ointment, salve, or cerate. See ointment. 
unguentene (un-gwen-ten'). A proprietary anti- 
septic unguent for surgical use. 
unguentin (un-gwen'tin). A proprietary antisep- 
tic and soothing ointment consisting of alum 
ointment containing 2 per cent, of carbolic add and 
5 per cent, cf ichthyol. It is recommended for use 
in burns and as a general surgical dressing. 
unguentum (un-gwen'tum) [L.]. 1. An ointment. 
2. Simple ointment: lard, 80 gm., mixed with 20 
gm. of yellow wax. 3. A popular name for mer- 
curial ointment; unguentum hydrargyri. U. 
segypti'acum, a mixture of copper acetate and 
honey, u. calami'nae, "calamine ointment," 
an ointment prepared by mixing 1 part of pre- 
pared calamine with 5 parts of ointment. Called 
also Turner's cerate and unguen'tum zin'ci car- 
bona'tis (impu'ri). u. camp horse, "camphor 
ointment," an ointment prepared from 2 parts 
of camphor, 1 part of white wax, and 6 parts of 
lard. u. casei'ni, an ointment of casein, soda, 
zinc oxid, and carbolic add. U. Crede, a pro- 
prietary ointment of colloidal silver, u. du'rum, 
an ointment-base made of lanolin and hard and 
soft paraffin, u. fus'cum. See brown ointment, 
under ointment, u. hydrar'gyri, a preparation 
made from 500 gm. of mercury, 250 gm. of lard, 
230 gm. of suet, and 20 gm. of oleate of mercury, 
to make 1000 parts. This ointment, when rubbed 
on the surface of the body, produces, in conse- 
quence of its absorption, the general effects of 
mercury. It is also employed as a resolvent in 
local affections, as in the case of venereal buboes 
and of chronic glandular swellings. Called also 
mercurial ointment and blue ointment. U. mol'le, 
an ointment-base composed of lanolin and solid 
and liquid paraffin. u. popu'leum, poplar 
ointment; an obsolete or domestic medicine con- 
taining an extract from the poplar, u. psoriat'- 
icum, an ointment of ichthyol, zymoidin, and 
chrysarobin. 
unguiculate (un-gwik'u-lat) [L. unguic'ulus nail]. 
Provided with claws; resembling a daw. 
unguiculus (ung-wik'u-lus). A small nail or claw, 
unguinal (un'gwin-al) [L. un' guis a nail]. Pertain- 
ing to a nail or to the nails; resembling a nail; per- 
taining to an unguis. 
unguis (un'gwis) |[L.]. 1. A nail of a finger or toe. 
2. A collection of pus in the cornea; an onyx. 3. A 
nail-like part. 
ungula (un'gu-lah) [L. " claw "]. 1. The hoof of an 
animal. 2. An instrument for extracting a dead 
fetus. 
Ungulata (un-gu-la'tah). A class of animals, in- 
duding those that have hoofs. 
uni- ]L. u'nus one]. A prefix meaning one. 
uniarticular (u"ne-ar-tik'u-lar) [L. u'nus one + 
artic'ulus joint]. Pertaining to a single joint. 
uniaxial (u-ne-aks'e-al) [L. u'nus one + ax'is 
axis]. 1. Having but one axis. 2. Developing in 
an axial direction -only, as, uniaxial organism. 
unibasal (u-nib-a'sal) {L. u'nus one + ba'sis base]. 
Having only one base. 
unicamerate (u-nik-am'er-at) [L. u'nus one + 
cam'era chamber]. Having only one cavity. 
Unicel'lula can'cri. Butiin's name for the cancer- 
cell regarded as the causative organism of cancer, 
unicellular (u-ne-sel'u-lar) [L. u'nus one + cel'lulu 
cell] . Made up of but a single edit . 
unicentral (u-nis-en'tral) i[L. u'nus one 4- centrum 
center]. Having a single center of growth. 
uniceps (u'nis-eps) [L. u'nus one + ca'put head]. 
Having one head or origin: said of a muscle. 
uniceptor (u'nis-ep-tor). A septor with a single 
combining group. See Ehrlich's side-chain theory, 
under theory. 
unicism (u'nis-izm) fL. umi'eus single]. The obso- 
lete opinion that there is but one kind of venereal 
virus. 
UNICISM unicomous (u-ne-kor'nus) [L. unicor'nis]. Hav- 
ing but one cornu. 
unicom-root (u'nik-orn-rut) [L. unicor'nis, one- 
horned]. See Aletris. 
unicuspid, unicuspidate (u-ne-kus'pid, u-ne- 
kus'pid-at). A tooth that has only one cusp. 
uniferate (u-nif-o'rat) [L. u'nus one + fora'tus 
pierced]. Having only one opening. 
Uniflagellate (u-nif-laj'el-at). Having one flagel- 
lum. 
unigerminal (u-ne-jer'min-al). Pertaining to a 
single germ. 
uniglandular (u-ne-glan'du-lar). Affecting or 
containing one gland. 
unigravida (u-nig-rav'id-ah) [L. u'nus one + grav'- 
ida pregnant]. A woman pregnant for the first time. 
unilaminar (u-ne-lam'in-ar). Having only one 
layer. 
unilateral (u-nil-at'er-al) [L. u'nus one + la'tus 
side]. Affecting but one side. 
unilobar (u-ne-lo'bar). Having only one lobe; 
consisting of a single lobe. 
unilocular (u-nil-ok'u-lar) [L. u'nus one + loculus]. 
Having but one loculus or compartment. 
uninflltrated (un-in-fil'tra-ted). Not filtrated. 
uninuclear, uninucleated (u-ne-nu'kle-ar, u-ne- 
nu'kle-a-ted). Having but one nucleus. 
uniocular (u-ne-ok'u-lar) [L. u'nus one + oc'ulus 
eye]. Pertaining to or affecting but one eye. 
union (un'yun) [L u'nio], The process of healing; 
the renewal of continuity in a broken bone or be- 
tween the lips of a wound. See healing, vicious 
u., union of the ends of a fractured bone so as to 
produce deformity. 
unioval, uniovular (u-ne-o'val, u-ne-ov'u-lar) [L. 
u'nus one + o'vum egg]. Arising from one ovum: 
said of certain twin pregnancies. 
unipara (u-nip'ah-rah) [L. u'nus one + par'ere to 
bear]. A woman who has borne but one child. 
Cf. unigravida. 
uniparental (u"ne-par-en'tal). Pertaining to one 
of the parents only. 
uniparous (u-nip'ar-us) [L. u'nus one + par'ere to 
produce]. Having given birth to but one child. 
unipolar (u-nip-o'lar) [L. u'nus one + po'lus pole]. 
1. Having but a single pole or process, as a nerve- 
cell. 2. Performed with one electric pole. 
unipotent (u-nip'o-tent), Unipotential. 
unipotential (u-nip-o-ten'shal) [L. u'nus one + 
po'tens able]. Capable in one way only: said of 
cells which can give rise to cells of one order only. 
Cf. totipotential. 
unirritable (un-ir'it-ab-1). Not irritable; not capa- 
ble of being stimulated. 
uniseptate (u-nis-ep'tat). Having only one septum, 
unisexual (u-ne-seks'u-al) [L. u'nus one + sex'us 
sex]. Of only one sex; having the sexual organs of 
one sex only. 
unit (u'nit) [L. u'nus one]. 1. A single thing. 2. 
A quantity assumed as a standard of measurement, 
alexinic u., the smallest quantity of alexinic 
serum required to dissolve a given amount of red 
blood-corpuscles in the presence of an excess of 
hemolytic serum, amboceptor u., the least 
quantity of amboceptor with which a definite 
amount of red blood-corpuscles will be dissolved 
by an excess of complement. Angstrom's 
u., one-ten-thousandth of a micron, antigen 
U., the least quantity of antigen which will 
fix one unit of complement so as to prevent 
hemolysis, antitoxic u., a unit for expressing 
the strength of an antitoxin. The unit of diph- 
theria antitoxin is approximately the amount of 
antitoxin which will preserve the life of a guinea-pig 
weighing 250 gm. for at least four days after it is 
injected subcutaneously with a mixture of 100 
times the minimum fatal dose of diphtheria toxin 
and the antitoxin. Practically, it is the equivalent 
UNICORNOUS 
1203 
of a standard unit preserved in Washington. The 
unit of tetanus antitoxin is approximately ten 
times the amount of tetanus antitoxin which will 
preserve the life of a guinea-pig weighing 350 gm. 
for at least ninety-six hours after the injection of 
a mixture of 100 minimum lethal doses of tetanus 
toxin and the antitoxin. British thermal u., 
the amount of heat necessary to raise 1 pound of 
water 1 degree Fahrenheit. It equals 3.96 large 
calories. It is abbreviated B. T. U. u. of capac- 
ity. See farad, cat u., that amount of a drug 
calculated per kilogram of cat which is just suffi- 
cient to kill when slowly and continuously injected 
into the vein (Hatcher). C. G. S. u., any unit in 
the centimeter-gram-second system, comple- 
ment U., the least quantity of complement which 
will hemolyze a definite amount of red blood-cor- 
puscles in the presence of an amboceptor unit. U. 
of current. See ampere, u. of electricity. 
See ampere, coulomb, farad, ohm, wit, and watt. U. 
of electromotive force. See volt. u. of force. 
See dyne. Hampson u., a unit of Roentgen- 
ray dosage; it is | of the erythema dose. u. of 
heat, the quantity of heat required to raise a 
kilogram of water one degree centigrade. See 
calorie and therm, hemolytic U., the amount 
of inactivated immune serum which, in the 
presence of complement, will completely hemo- 
lyze 1 c.c. of a 5 per cent, emulsion of washed 
red blood-corpuscles. Holzknecht u., a unit of 
roentgen-ray dosage equal to | the erythema dose, 
immunizing u. See antitoxic u. Kienboeck 
U., a unit of roentgen-ray dosage equal to of the 
erythema dose, mache u., a unit of emanation, 
being that quantity which produces a current of 
saturation equal to one-ten-thousandth of the elec- 
trostatic unit of current intensity, pepsin U., a 
unit for measuring the proportion of pepsin in the 
gastric juice, u. of quantity. See coulomb, u. of 
resistance. See ohm. toxic u., toxin u., the 
smallest dose of diphtheria toxin which will kill a 
guinea-pig weighing about 250 gm. in from three to 
four days, uranium u., a unit for measuring 
radio-activity, the activity of uranium being con- 
sidered as 1. urotoxic u., the smallest quantity 
of urotoxin which will kill an animal weighing 
1 gm. 
unitary (u'nit-a-re) [L. u'nitas oneness]. Com- 
posed of or pertaining to a single unit. 
unitubercular (u"ni-tu-ber'ku-lar). Having one 
tubercle or cusp; said of a tooth. 
univalence (u-niv'al-ens). The state or condition 
of being univalent. 
univalent (u-niv'al-ent) [L. u'nus one + vale're to 
be strong]. Having a valence of one; replacing 
or combining with one hydrogen atom. 
unmedullated (un-med'u-la-ted). Not possessing 
a medulla: said of a nerve-fiber. 
Unna's dermatosis, paste (oon'ah) [Paul Unna^ 
dermatologist in Hamburg, born 1850]. See under 
dermatosis and paste. 
unnerving (un-ner'ving). The removal of the 
nerves, as those of a horse's foot, for navicular 
disease. 
unof. An abbreviation for unofficial. 
unofficial (un-of-fish'al) [L. un not + official]. 
Not authorized by the established dispensatories 
and formularies. 
unorganized (un-or'gan-izd). Not having organs; 
not developed into an organic structure. 
unorientation (un-o-re-en-ta'shun). Extreme dis- 
order of memory in which the person loses the ideas 
of place and time. 
unphysiologic (un-fiz-e-o-loj'ik). Not in har- 
mony with the laws of physiology. 
unpigmented (un-pig'men-ted). Having no pig- 
ment. 
unpolarized (un-po'lar-Tzd). Not polarized. 
unrest, peristaltic (un-rest'). A state of mus- 
cular spasm of the stomach. 
UNREST unsaturated (un-sat'u-ra-ted). Not saturated: 
said of^(i) a menstruum which has not dissolved 
as much of the solid as it is capable of doing; (2) 
a chemic compound all the affinities of which are 
not satisfied. 
Unschuld's sign (oon'shooldz) [Paul Unschuld, 
German internist, born 1835]. See under sign. 
Unsex (un-seks'). To spay, or deprive of the ovaries, 
unstriated (un-stri'a-ted). Having no striations 
or striae. 
unstriped (un-stript'). Same as unstriated. 
ununited (un-u-ni'ted). Not united. 
Unverricht's disease (oon'fer-ikts) [Heinrich 
Unverricht, German physician, 1853-1912]. Myo- 
tonia congenita. 
unwell (un-wel'). 1. Sick, or not well. 2. Men- 
struating. 
upas (u'pas) [Javanese]. The poisonous Javanese 
tree, Anti'aris toxica'ria: it affords a resin called 
bohan upas. u. tieute (te-u'ta), a deadly Jav- 
anese poison from Strych'nos tieu'te: it contains 
strychnin. Dose of extract, j-j gr. (0.016-0.033 
gm.). 
upgrade (up-grad). To raise the grade of a head of 
cattle by introducing a higher strain of blood. 
upsiloid (up'sil-oid) [Gr. wpiXbv letter v + ethos 
form]. Shaped like the letter V or U. 
Ur., ur. Abbreviation for urine. 
urachal (u'rak-al). Pertaining to the urachus. 
urachovesical (u"rak-o-ves'ik-al). Pertaining to 
the urachus and the bladder. 
urachus (u'rak-us) [Gr. ovpaxbs]- A cord which 
extends from the apex of the bladder to the navel. 
It represents the remains of the canal in the fetus 
which joins the bladder with the allantois. 
uracil (u'ras-il). A ureid, dihydroxypyrimidin, C4- 
H4O2N2, obtained from nucleinic acid. 
uracrasia (u-rak-ra'se-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine J- 
aKpavla bad mixture]. A disordered state of the 
urine. 
uracratia (u-rak-ra'she-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
aKparla debility]. Enuresis; inability to retain 
the urine. 
ursemia (u-re'me-ah). See uremia. 
uragogue (u'rag-og) [Gr. ovpov urine + ayoybs 
leading]. Increasing urinary secretion. 
ural, uralium (u'ral, u-ra'le-um). Chloralure- 
than; a bitter, crystalline oil or powder, CCI3CH- 
(OH)NHCO2C2H5, insoluble in cold water, but 
soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used as a 
hypnotic. Dose, 15-45 gr. (1-3 gm.). 
uraline (u'ral-in). Same as ural. 
uramil (u'ram-il). A crystalline body, CO(NH.- 
CO)2CH.NH2, or dialuramid, obtainable from uric 
acid, alloxantin, and other substances. 
uramin (u-ram'in). Guanidin; a poisonous base, 
NH:C(NH2)2, derivable from guanin. 
uranalysis (u-ran-al'is-is) [Gr. ovpov urine + anal- 
ysis]. The chemic analysis of urine. See urinalysis. 
uranidin (u-ran'id-in). Any one of a group of yel- 
low animal pigments. 
uranin (u'ran-in). Fluorescein-sodium: injected 
into the veins of a living person, it causes the 
mucous membranes to become yellow in a few min- 
utes. Injected after death, a similar discoloration 
takes place, but only after the lapse of at least one 
hour. 
uraniscochasma (u-ran"is-ko-kaz'mah) [Gr.ovpav- 
laKos palate + xaapa cleft]. Fissure of the palate. 
uranisconitis (u-ran"is-ko-ni'tis) [Gr. ovpaviffKos 
palate + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the palate. 
uraniscoplasty (u-ran-is'ko-plas-te). Same as 
uranoplasty. 
uraniscorrhaphy (u"ran-is-kor'a-fe) [Gr. ovpav- 
tanos palate + pa<p-q seam]. Suture of a cleft- 
palate. Same as staphylorrhaphy. 
UNSATURATED 
1204 
uraniscus (u-ran-is'kus) [Gr. ovpavlaKos]. The 
palate; the roof of the mouth. 
uranism (u'ran-izm). Same as urnism. 
uranist (u'ran-ist). A sexual pervert; an urning. 
uranium (u-ra'ne-um) [L. U'ranus a planet]. A 
hard and heavy metallic element; symbol, U.; 
atomic weight, 238.2; specific gravity, 18.7. Some 
of its compounds are medicinal. Uranium salts 
give off radio-active emanations. By the disin- 
tegration of uranium there is formed a series of 
radio-elements: uranium x, ionium, radium, 
radium-emanation, radiums A, B, C, D, E, and F. 
Uranium is also the progenitor of another group of 
elements, actinium, radio-actinium, actinium- 
emanation, and actiniums A, B, and C. See table 
of radio-active elements, p. 928. u. acetate, 
a yellow salt, C2H3O2.UO22H2O: to be used in cor- 
yza, in a snuff or wash, with great caution. u. -am- 
monium fluorid, a pale-yellow, crystalline pow- 
der, UO2F24NH4.H2O: used in skiagraphy, u. 
nitrate, a yellow, crystalline, astringent sub- 
stance, (NO3)2UO26H2O, principally used for dia- 
betes and in sprays for throat diseases. Dose, 
|-r gr. (0.011-0.066 gm.), u. x, a radio-active 
matter contained in uranium. 
uranoblen (u-ra'no-blen). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of silver with uranin: used in the form of bougies 
(called caviblen rods') in the treatment of gonorrhea. 
uranoplastic (u"ran-o-plas'tik). Pertaining to 
uranoplasty. 
uranoplasty (u'ran-o-plas-te) [Gr. ovpavos palate 
+ TrXaaaeiv to mold]. The plastic surgery of the 
palate; any plastic operation for the cure of cleft- 
palate. 
uranoplegia (u-ran-o-ple'je-ah) [Gr. ovpavos palate 
+ TrXrjyr) stroke]. Paralysis of the soft palate. 
uranorrhaphy (u-ran-or'a-fe) [Gr. ovpavos palate 
+ paipr) seam]. The surgical closure of a cleft- 
palate, especially of the hard palate. See staph- 
ylorrhaphy. 
uranoschisis (u-ran-os'kis-is) [Gr. ovpavos palate 
+ axiais fissure]. Fissure of the palate; cleft 
palate. 
uranoschism (u-ran'o-skizm) [Gr. ovpavos palate + 
axlapa cleft]. Fissure of the palate. 
uranostaphyloplasty (u"ran-o-staf 'il-o-plas-te). 
A plastic operation for repairing a defect of both 
the soft and hard palates. 
uranostaphylorrhaphy (u"ran-o-staf-il-or'a-fe) 
[Gr. ovpavos palate + ara<pvXri uvula + paipy su- 
ture]. Closure of fissure of the hard and soft palates. 
uranyl (u'ra-nil). Uranium dioxid, UO-. u. ace- 
tate, a yellow crystalline compound: used in cory- 
za. u. nitrate, a greenish-yellow crystalline com- 
pound: used in diabetes. Dose gr. (0.01-0.015 
gm.). 
urari (oo-rah're). 1. Same as curare. 2. More 
correctly, the arrow-poison of the Macusi Indians 
of the Amazon Valley. It is similar to, but not 
identical with, the curare (q. v.) of Venezuela and 
Colombia. 
urarine (u-ra'rin). See curarin. 
urarize (u'rar-iz). To put under the influence of 
urari. 
uraroma (u-rar-o'mah) [Gr. ovpov urine + apupa 
spice]. The spicy odor of urine. 
urarthritis (u-rar-thri'tis). Gouty arthritis. 
urase (u'ras). Same as urease. 
uraseptine (u-ras-ep'tin). A proprietary urinary an- 
tiseptic containing piperazin, urotropin, helmetol, 
and benzoates of sodium and lithium. 
urasin (u-ras'in). An enzyme derivable from urea 
by the action of various bacteria. 
urasol (u'ra-sol). Acetyl methylene disalicylic 
acid, CHalCHg.COO.CeHs.COOH^: used as a 
diuretic, a solvent for uric acid, and an antiseptic. 
Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.33-0.5 gm.). 
urate (u'rat) [L. u'ras]. Any salt of uric acid. 
URATE Urates, especially that of sodium, are constituents 
of the urine, the blood, and of tophi, or calcareous 
concretions. 
uratemia, urataemia (u-rat-e'me-ah) [urate + Gr. 
alpa blood]. The presence of urates in the blood, 
uratic (u-rat'ik). Pertaining to urates or to gout, 
uratolysis (u-ra-tol'is-is). The decomposition or 
splitting up of urates. 
uratolytic (u-ra-to-lit'ik) [urate + Gr. Xvais dis- 
solution]. Having the power of dissolving urates, 
uratoma (u-rat-o'mah) [urate + Gr. -wpa tumor]. 
A tophus, or concretion made up of urates. 
uratosis (u-rat-o'sis). • The deposition of crystal- 
line urates in the tissues. 
uraturia (u-rat-u're-ah) [L. u'ras a urate + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of an excess of urates 
in the urine; lithuria. 
urazin, urazine (u'raz-in). A crystalline basic 
substance, CO<Cnh-XH^CO, of the tetrazin 
class, derivable from two molecules of urea. 
urazole (u'raz-ol). A crystalline compound, (NH.- 
C0)2NH, formed by heating urea with hydrazin 
sulphate. 
urceiform (er-se'if-orm) [L. urce'us pitcher + 
for'ma shape]. Pitcher shaped. 
urceolate (er-se-o-lat). Urceiform. 
urea (u-re'ah). A white, crystallizable substance, 
the diamid of carbonic acid, CO(NH2)2, from the 
urine, blood, and lymph. It is the chief nitrogenous 
constituent of the urine, and is the final product of 
the decomposition of proteins in the body, being 
the form under which the nitrogen of the body is 
given oS. It is believed to be formed in the liver 
out of amino-acids and other compounds of am 
monia. Urea has been prescribed as a remedy for 
night-sweats and as a uric-acid solvent and di- 
uretic. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.), u. 
enzyme, u. ferment, an enzyme producing the 
alkaline fermentation of the urine. See urease. 
mesoxalyl u. See alloxan, u. quinate and 
u. salicylate are used in gouty conditions, u. 
quinin. See quinin hydrochlorocarbamid. 
ureabromin (u-re-ah-bro'min). A combination of 
calcium bromid and urea, containing 36 per cent, 
of bromin: used like bromin salts and said to be free 
from the objectional effects of the latter upon the 
kidneys. 
ureagenetic (u-re"ah-jen-et'ik) [urea + Gr. yevvdv 
to produce]. Forming or producing urea. 
ureal (u're-al). Pertaining to urea. 
ureameter (u-re-am'et-er) [urea + L. me'trum 
measure]. An instrument used in determining the 
amount of urea present in the urine. 
ureametry (u-re-am'et-re). The measurement of 
the urea present in the urine. 
urease (u're-as). A ferment first extracted by 
Takeuchi from soy bean. It is also found in mu- 
cous urine passed during inflammation of the 
bladder. It is formed by various microorganisms, 
and is capable of causing the decomposition of urea 
into ammonium carbonate, and hippuric acid into 
benzoic acid and glycocoll. Called also urea 
ferment, u. test. See under tests. 
urecchysis (u-rek'is-is) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- bcxvais 
a pouring out]. The effusion of urine into the 
cellular tissue. 
Urechites suberecta (u-rek'it-ez sub-e-rek'tah). 
Savannah flower; an apocynaceous plant of trop- 
ical America, with poisonous and antipyretic leaves. 
Dose of fluidextract, 2-10 min. (0.13-0.66 c.c.). 
urechitin (u-rek'it-in). A poisonous glucosid, C28- 
H420g + xH2O, from Urech'ites suberec'ta. 
urechitoxin (u-rek-it-oks'in). A poisonous glucosid, 
C13H20O5, from Urech'ites suberec'ta. 
urecidin (u-re-si'din). A granular preparation of 
lemon-juice and lithium citrate: used for gout and 
uricacidemia. 
URATEMIA 
1205 
uredema, uroedema (u-re-de'mah) [Gr. ovpov 
urine + olb-qpa. swelling]. A puffy condition of 
the tissues due to their infiltration with extrava- 
sated urine. 
uredo (u-re'do), pl. ured'ines [L.]. i. An itching or 
burning sensation of the skin. 2. Urticaria. 
ureid (u're-id). A compound of urea and an acid or 
aldehyd formed by the elimination of water. 
Those from one molecule of urea, as alloxan, are 
monoureids; those derived from two, as uric acid, 
are diureids. 
urein (u-re'in). A yellowish, oily substance isolated 
from the urine, and said to be the principal or- 
ganic constituent and the true cause of uremia. 
It has a specific gravity of 1.27, and mixes freely 
with water and alcohol. 
urelcosis (u-rel-ko'sis) [Gr. ovpov urine + eXxw<ris 
ulceration]. 1. Ulceration of the urinary passages. 
2. An ulcer due to derangement of the urinary 
apparatus. 
uremia, uraemia (u-re'me-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
alpa blood]. The presence of urinary constituents 
in the blood, and the toxic condition produced 
thereby. It is marked by nausea, vomiting, head- 
ache, vertigo, dimness of vision, coma or convul- 
sions, and a urinous odor of the breath and per- 
spiration. It is due to suppression or deficient se- 
cretion of the urine from any cause, puerperal 
U., uremic poisoning following childbirth. 
uremic (u-re'mik). Caused by or pertaining to 
uremia. 
uremide (u'rem-id). An erythematous eruption due 
to uremic poisoning. 
uremigenic (u-re-mij-en'ik). Caused by or due to 
uremia. 
ureol (u're-ol). A preparation of urotropin, sodium 
benzoate, and lithium benzoate: used as a urinary 
antiseptic and diuretic. 
ureometer (u-re-om'et-er). Same as ureameter. 
ureometry (u-re-om'et-re). Same as ureametry. 
ureosecretory (u-re-o-se'kre-to-re). Pertaining 
to the secretion of urea. 
urerythrin (u-rer'ith-rin). Same as uro-erythrin. 
uresiesthesis, uresisesthesis (u-re-se-es-the'sis) 
[Gr. urination + alaOrjacs sensation]. The 
normal impulse to pass the urine. 
uresin (u-re'sin). The double citrate of urotropin 
and lithium citrate; a white, crystalline powder, 
used as a solvent for stbne. 
uresis (u-re'sis) [Gr. oiSp^ais]. The passage of urine; 
urination. 
uret (u'ret). The chemic group CH2NO. 
-uret [L. ure'tum]. A termination denoting a 
binary compound of sulphur, carbon, etc., with 
some other element. Obsolete. See -id. 
uretal (u-re'tal). Pertaining to a ureter. 
ureter (u-re'ter) [Gr. ovp-qrhp ureter]. The fibro- 
muscular tube which conveys the urine from the 
kidney to the bladder. It begins with the pelvis 
of the kidney, a funnel-like dilatation, and empties 
into the base of the bladder, being from sixteen to 
eighteen inches long, truant U., a ureter which 
opens into the external meatus of the urethra 
instead of at its normal place. 
ureteral (u-re'ter-al). Pertaining to or used upon 
the ureter. 
ureteralgia (u"re-ter-al'je-ah) [Gr. ovprjTrip ureter 
+ aXyos pain]. Pain in the ureter; neuralgia of 
the ureter. 
uretercystoscope (u-re-ter-sis'to-skop) [Gr. 
ovprir-qp ureter + Khans bladder + aKonelv to 
examine]. An electric cystoscope with a long 
groove in its wall in which lies a catheter, which is 
inserted into the ureter. 
ureterectasia (u-re"ter-ek-ta'se-ah). Ureterecta- 
sis. 
ureterectasis (u-re-ter-ek'tas-is) [Gr. ovpr/Thp 
ureter + eKraais distention]. Distention of the 
ureter. 
URETERECTASIS URETERECTOMY 
1206 
URETEROVAGINAL 
ureterectomy (u"re:ter-ek'to-me) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter 4- exrop-q excision]. The surgical removal 
of a ureter. 
ureteric (u-re-tePik). Same as ureteral. 
ureteritis (u"re-ter-i'tis) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4- 
-wis inflammation]. Inflammation of a ureter. 
ureterocele (u-re'ter-o-sel) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4- 
KqXq hernia]. 1. Cystic dilatation of the lower end 
of the ureter. 2. Hernia of the uYeter; hernia con- 
taining a ureter. 
ureterocervical (u-re"ter-o-ser'vik-al). Pertain- 
ing to a ureter and to the cervix uteri, as, a uretero- 
cervical fistula. 
ureterocolostomy (u-re"ter-o-ko-los'to-me) [Gr. 
ovpqrqp ureter 4- k&Xov colon 4- arbpa mouth]. 
The operation of implanting the ureter into the 
colon. 
ureterocystanastomosis (u-re"ter-o-sis-tan-as- 
to-mo'sis). Transplantation of the ureter into the 
bladder; ureteroneocystostomy. 
ureterocystoneostomy (u-re"ter-o-sis"to-ne-os'- 
to-me) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4- Kt/aris bladder 4- 
veos new 4- arbpa mouth]. Same as uretero- 
neocystostomy. 
ureterocystoscope (u-re"ter-o-sis'to-skop). A 
cystoscope with an appliance for catheterizing the 
ureters. 
ureterocystostomy (u-re"ter-o-sis-tos'to-me) [Gr. 
ovpqrqp ureter 4- Kvans bladder 4- arbpa mouth]. 
The artificial formation of an opening from the 
ureter to the bladder. 
ureterodialysis (u-re"ter-o-di-al'is-is) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter 4- biaXvacs separation]. Rupture of a 
ureter. 
uretero-enteric (u-re"ter-o-en-ter'ik). Connect- 
ing the ureter and the intestine. 
uretero-enterostomy (u-re"ter-o-en-ter-os'to- 
me) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4* iurepov bowel 4* arbpa 
mouth]. The artificial formation of a passage 
from a ureter to the intestine. 
ureterography (u-re-ter-og'raf-e) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter 4- ypatpeiv to write]. Radiography of the 
ureter after injection of an opaque medium into the 
ureter. 
uretero-intestinal (u-re"ter-o-in-tes'tin-al). Per- 
taining to the ureter and intestine. 
ureterolith (u-re'ter-o-lith) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4- 
XlOos stone]. A calculus lodged or formed in a 
ureter. 
uretero lithiasis (u-re"ter-o-lith-i'as-is). The 
formation of a calculus in the ureter. 
ureterolithotomy (u-re"ter-o-lith-ot'o-me) [Gr. 
ovpqrqp ureter 4- XtOos stone 4- rop-q cut]. The 
removal of a calculus from the ureter by incision. 
ureterolysis (u-re-ter-ol'is-is) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 
4- Xvais dissolution]. 1. Rupture of the ureter. 
2. Paralysis of the ureter. 
ureteroneocystostomy (u-re"ter-o-ne"o-sis-tos'- 
to-me) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4- veos new 4- Kvaris 
bladder 4- arbpa mouth]. The surgical formation 
of a communication between the ureter and a new 
portion of the bladder. 
ureteroneopyelostomy (u-re"ter-o-ne"o-pi-el- 
os'to-me) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4~ vebs new 4- irveXos 
pelvis 4- arbpa mouth]. An operation for cutting 
out a stricture of the ureter and inserting the upper 
end of the lower segment of the ureter into a new 
aperture into the pelvis of the kidney. 
ureteronephrectomy (u-re"ter-o-nef-rek'to-me) 
[Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4- ve<ppbs kidney 4* inropq ex- 
cision], Extirpation of a kidney and its ureter. 
ureterophlegma (u-re"ter-o-fleg'mah) [Gr. ovpq- 
rqp ureter 4- <pXeypa phlegm]. The presence 
of mucus in the ureter. 
ureteroplasty (u-re'ter-o-plas-te) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter 4* irXa.aaeiv to form]. Plastic operation 
upon the ureter for widening a stricture. 
ureteroproctostomy (u-re"ter-o-prok-tos'to-me) 
[Gr. ovprprqp ureter 4~ irpaiKrbs anus + arbpa 
mouth]. The operation of forming an artificial 
passage between the ureter and the anus. 
ureteropyelitis (u-re"ter-o-pi-el-i'tis) [Gr. ovprjrrip 
ureter + irveXos pelvis]. Inflammation of a 
ureter and of the pelvis of a kidney. 
ureteropyelography (u-re"ter-o-pi-el-og'raf-e). 
Radiography of the ureter and pelvis of the kidney. 
See pyelography. 
ureteropyeloneostomy (u-re"ter-o-pi"el-o-ne- 
os'to-me) [Gr. ovptjttjp ureter 4- trveXos pelvis 4- 
vebs new + arbpa mouth]. The surgical forma- 
tion of a new passage from the pelvis of a kidney 
to the ureter. 
ureteropyelonephritis (u-re"ter-o-pi"el-o-nef- 
ri'tis) [Gr. ovp-qr-qp ureter + irveXos pelvis +ve<ppbs 
kidney + -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of 
the ureters and the pelvis of the kidney. 
ureteropyelostomy (u-re"ter-o-pi-el-os'to-me). 
Ureteropyeloneostomy. 
ureteropyosis (u-re"ter-o-pi-o'sis) [Gr. ovpr)rr)p 
ureter + irvov pus]. Suppurative inflammation 
of the ureter. 
ureterorectostomy (u-re"ter-o-rek4os'to-me) [Gr- 
ovp-qr-qp ureter + rectum 4- Gr. arbpa mouth]. 
The operation of implanting the ureter into the rec- 
tum so that it opens there. 
ureterorrhagia (u-re"ter-or-a'je-ah) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter 4- pqyvwai to burst forth]. A discharge 
of blood from the ureter. 
ureterorrhaphy (u"re-ter-or'a-fe) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter + pa<p-q suture]. The operation of suturing 
the ureter or fistula. 
ureterosalpingostomy (u-re"ter-o-sal-ping-os'to- 
me). See salpingo-ureterostomy. 
ureterosigmoidostomy (u-re"ter-o-sig-moi-dos'- 
to-me). The operation of implanting the ureter 
into the sigmoid flexure. 
ureterostegnosis (u-re"ter-o-steg-no'sis) [Gr. ovpq- 
r-qp ureter 4- areyvuais contraction]. See 
uretero stenosis. 
ureterostenoma (u-re"ter-o-sten-o'mah) [Gr. ovpq- 
r-qp ureter + arevapa stricture]. Stricture of the 
ureter. 
ureterostenosis (u-re"ter-o-ste-no'sis) [Gr. ovpq- 
rqp ureter + constriction]. Stricture of 
the ureter. 
ureterostoma (u"re-ter-os'to-mah) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter + arbpa mouth], i. The vesical orifice 
of the ureter. 2. A ureteral fistula. 
ureterostomosis (u-re"ter-o-sto-mo'sis). Ure- 
terostomy. 
ureterostomy (u"re-ter-os'to-me) [Gr. ovpqrqp 
ureter + arbpa mouth]. The formation of a 
permanent fistula through which a ureter may 
discharge its contents. 
ureterotomy (u"re-ter-ot'o-me) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 
+ ropq cut]. The surgical incision of a ureter. 
ureterotrigono-enterostomy (u-re"ter-o-tri- 
go"no-en-ter-os'to-me) [ureter + trigone + enter- 
ostomy]. Implantation into the intestine of the 
ureter with the part of the bladder wall surrounding 
its termination. 
ureterotrigonosigmoidostomy (u-re"ter-o-tri- 
go"no-sig-moi-dos'to-me) [ureter 4- trigone 4- 
sigmoidostomy). Implantation into the sigmoid 
flexure of the ureter with that part of the bladder 
wall which surrounds its termination. 
uretero-ureteral (u-re"ter-o-u-re'ter-al). Con- 
necting two parts of the ureter. 
uretero-ureterostomy (u-re"ter-o-u"re-ter-os'- 
to-me) [Gr. ovpqrqp ureter 4- ureterostomy]. The 
splicing of the ends of a divided ureter; the forma- 
tion of a passage from one ureter to another. 
uretero-uterine (u-re"ter-o-u'ter-in). Pertaining 
to a ureter and the uterus. 
ureterovaginal (u-re"ter-o-vaj'in-al). Pertaining 
to a ureter and the vagina. urethan (u're-than). 1. Ethyl carbamate, C2H5O.- 
CO.NH2: a crystalline hypnotic, antipyretic, and 
antispasmodic. It is soluble in water, alcohol, 
ether, and chloroform. Dose, 10-15 gr- (0.66-1 
gm.). 2. Any ester of carbamic acid. 
urethra (u-re'thrah) [Gr. ovprflpa]. A membranous 
canal conveying urine from the bladder to the 
surface, and in the male conveying the seminal 
ejaculations. The male urethra extends from 
the neck of the bladder to the urinary meatus, 
measures 8 or 9 inches in length, and presents a 
double curve when the penis is flaccid. It is 
divided into three portions-the prostatic, the 
membranous, and the spongy. The prostalic 
portion runs from the base to the apex of the 
prostate gland; it is the largest portion of the canal 
in diameter, and if inches long. In its floor is a 
ridge, the verumontanum, or caput gallinaginis. 
On each side is a fossa, its floor showing the many 
openings of the prostatic ducts, called the prostatic 
sinus. The sinus pocularis is a depression beneath 
the middle lobe of the prostate, and in this or on its 
edges open the ejaculatory ducts. The membran- 
ous urethra is the smallest in diameter of any portion 
of the canal. It runs from the apex of the prostate 
to the bulb of the corpus spongiosum, being in- 
cluded between the layers of the triangular liga- 
ment. It is if inches in length. The spongy 
portion (or penile urethra), about 6 inches long, runs 
from the membranous portion to the meatus. It 
has a dilatation posteriorly and one anteriorly-the 
joss a navicularis. The ducts of Cowper's glands 
empty into the bulb. The lacuna magna is a mu- 
cous crypt in the roof of the vesicular fossa. The 
meatus is the anterior urethral orifice; it is a verti- 
cal slit, and is the narrowest part of the urethra. 
The female urethra is if inches long; it runs 
above the anterior vaginal wall, and pierces the 
triangular ligaments, as in the male. Its structure 
is similar to that of the male urethra, u. mulie- 
bris [B N A], the female urethra, u. viri'lis [B 
N A], the male urethra. 
urethral (u-re'thral). Pertaining to the urethra, 
urethralgia (u-re-thral'je-ah) [Gr. ovp-qOpa urethra 
+ aXyos pain]. Pain in the urethra. 
urethrascope (u-re'thras-kop). See urethroscope. 
urethratresia (u-re"thrat-re'zhe-ah) [urethra + 
atresia]. Imperforation of the urethra. 
urethrectomy (u-re-threk'to-me) [Gr. ovp-qQpa 
urethra + eK-ropr) excision]. The surgical removal 
of the urethra or a part of it. 
urethremphraxis (u-re-threm-fraks'is) [Gr. ovp-p- 
Opa urethra + lp<ppa.^is obstruction]. Obstruc- 
tion of the urethra. 
urethreurynter (u-reth-ru-rin'ter) [Gr. ovp-^Opa 
urethra + evpvveiv to make wide]. An instrument 
for dilating the urethra. 
urethrism (u're-thrizm) [L. urethris'mus]. Irri- 
tability or chronic spasm of the urethra. 
urethritis (u-re-thri'tis) [Gr. ovpijdpa urethra + 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of the urethra, 
anterior u., inflammation affecting the urethra 
in front of the anterior layer of the triangular liga- 
ment. gonorrheal u., gonorrhea, gouty u., 
urethritis due to gout, non-specific u., 
simple urethritis, u. petrif'icans, urethri- 
tis with the formation of calcareous matter in the 
urethral wall, posterior u., inflammation affect- 
ing the membranous and prostatic parts of the 
urethra, simple U., inflammation not due to a 
specific infection, specific u., that due to infection 
with the gonococcus, u. vene'rea, gonorrhea. 
urethroblennorrhea (u-re"thro-blen-o-re'ah). A 
purulent discharge from the urethra. 
urethrobulbar (u-re"thro-bul'bar). Pertaining 
to the urethra and the bulb of the corpus spon- 
giosum. 
urethrocele (u-re'thro-sel) [Gr. ovp-qOpa urethra + 
ktjXt) tumor], 1. Prolapse of the female urethra 
through the meatus urinarius. 2. A thickening 
of the cellular tissue that surrounds the female 
URETHAN 
1207 
urethra. 3. A diverticulum of the urethral walls 
encroaching upon the vaginal canal. 
urethrocystitis (u-re"thro-sis-ti'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the urethra and bladder together. 
urethrograph (u-re'thro-graf) [Gr. oupr]dpa urethra 
+ ypatpecv to write]. An instrument for recording 
graphically the caliber of the urethra. 
urethrometer (u-re-throm'et-et) [Gr. ovp^Gpa 
urethra + perpov measure]. An instrument for 
measuring the urethra. 
urethropenile (u-re-thro-pe'nil). Pertaining to 
the urethra and the penis. 
urethroperineal (u-re"thro-per-in-e'al). Per- 
taining to the urethra and the perineum. 
urethroperineoscrotal (u-re"thro-per-in"e-o- 
skro'tal). Pertaining to the urethra, perineum, 
and scrotum. 
urethrophraxis (u-re"thro-fraks'is) [Gr. ovprjdpa 
urethra 4- <ppdaaecv to obstruct]. Obstruction of 
the urethra. 
urethrophyma (u-re-thro-fi'mah) [Gr. ovp-qOpa. 
urethra + <pvpa growth]. A tumor or growth 
in the urethra. 
urethroplasty (u-re"thro-plas'te) [Gr. ovprjOpa 
urethra + TrXdaaeiv to form]. Plastic surgery 
of the urethra; operative repair of a wound or 
defect in the urethra. 
urethroprostatic (u-reth"ro-pros-tat'ik). Per- 
taining to the urethra and prostate. 
urethrorectal (u-re-thro-rek'tal). Pertaining to 
the urethra and the rectum. 
urethrorrhagia (u-re-thror-a'je-ah) [Gr. ovprjdpa. 
urethra + p-qyvvvai to burst out]. A flow of blood 
from the urethra. 
urethrorrhaphy (u-re-thror'a-fe) [Gr. ovp-qOpa 
urethra + pa<p^ seam]. Suturation of the urethra; 
the closing of a urethral fistula by suture. 
urethrorrhea, urethrorrhoea (u-re-thro-re'ah) 
[Gr. ovp-qOpa urethra + poLa flow]. An abnormal 
discharge from the urethra. 
urethroscope (u-re'thros-kop) [Gr. ovp-qOpa. urethra 
+ o-Koireiv to view]. An instrument for viewing 
the interior of the urethra. 
urethroscopic (u-re-thro-skop'ik). Pertaining to 
the urethroscope. 
urethroscopy (u-re-thros'ko-pe) [Gr. ovprflpa 
urethra + aKoireiv to view]. Visual inspection 
of the interior of the urethra. 
urethrospasm (u-re'thro-spazm) [Gr. ovprjdpa 
urethra fl- airaapbs spasm]. Spasm of the muscu- 
lar tissue of the urethra. 
urethrostaxis (u-re-thro-staks'is) [Gr. ovprjdpa 
urethra + dropping]. Oozing of blood 
from the urethra. 
urethrostenosis (u-re"thro-ste-no'sis) [Gr. ovp-qOpa 
urethra + arevucris stricture]. Stricture, or steno- 
sis, of the urethra. 
urethrostomy (u-re-thros'to-me) [Gr. ovp-qOpa 
urethra + arbpa mouth]. The formation of a 
permanent fistula opening into the urethra in cases 
of incurable stricture. 
urethrotome (u-re'thro-tom) [Gr. ovp-qOpa urethra 
+ repveiv to cut]. An instrument for cutting a 
urethral stricture. Maisonneuve's u., a ure- 
throtome in which the knife is concealed until it 
reaches the stricture, when it may be exposed. 
urethrotomy (u-re-throt'o-me) [Gr. ovprjdpa urethra 
+ repvetv to cut]. A cutting operation for curing 
a stricture of the urethra. It may be performed 
either externally or internally. External ure- 
throtomy consists in opening the urethra from the 
outside. Symes' operation is the cutting of a 
stricture on a fine staff which has passed through 
it. In Wheelhouse's external urethrotomy the 
stricture is found by a staff, the urethra is opened 
in front of the constriction by cutting on the sound, 
which rests against the stricture; a fine probe is 
now passed through the stricture, which is divided 
by cutting on the probe. Cock's operation opens 
URETHROTOMY the urethra without a guide behind the stricture. 
Internal urethrotomy may be performed in two 
ways, viz.: Incising from before backward, as 
with the instrument of Maisonneuve; incising 
from behind forward, as with the urethrotome 
of S. W. Gross. 
urethrovaginal (u-re-thro-vaj'in-al). Of or per- 
taining to the urethra and vagina. 
urethrovesical (u-re-thro-ves'ik-al). Pertaining 
to the urethra and the bladder. 
urethylan (u-reth'il-an). Same as methylurethan. 
uretic (u-ret'ik) [L. uret'icus; Gr. ovp-qriKos]. i. 
Pertaining to the urine. 2. Diuretic. 
Urginea (ur-jin'e-ah) [L.]. A genus of liliaceous 
plants. U. marit'ima affords squills. See Scilla. 
urgosan (ur'go-san). A proprietary preparation 
for gonorrhea and cystitis, containing gonosan and 
hexamethylenamin. 
urhidrosis (u-rid-ro'sis). Uridrosis. 
urian (u're-an). Same as urochrome. 
uric (u'rik) [L. ur'icus]. Pertaining to the urine, 
u. acid. See acid. 
uricacidemia, uricacidsemia (u"rik-as-id-e'me- 
ah) [uric acid + Gr. al pa blood]. The accumula- 
tion of uric acid in the blood. Seb lithemia. 
uricaciduria (u"rik-as-id-u're-ah) [uric acid + 
Gr. ovpov urine]. The presence of an excess of 
uric acid in the urine, and the morbid state pro- 
duced thereby. See lithemia. 
uricase (u'rik-as). An enzyme found in certain of 
the lower animals, which changes uric acid into 
allantoin. 
uricedin (u-ris-e'din). A diuretic preparation of 
potassium citrate and phosphate, sodium sulphate 
and chlorid, and lithium citrate. It is a yellowish, 
granular compound, soluble in hot water and 
slowly soluble in cold. It is used to lessen the 
formation of uric acid in the system. Dose, 7-15 
gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
uricemia, uricsemia (u-ris-e'me-ah). Same as 
uricacidemia. 
uricolysis (u-rik-ol'is-is). The splitting up of uric 
acid. 
uricolytic (u-rik-o-lit'ik) [uric acid + Gr. Xvais 
dissolution]. Splitting up uric acid into urea: 
said of an enzyme, u. index. See under index. 
uricometer (u-rik-om'et-er) [uric acid + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the 
amount of uric acid in the urine. Ruhemann's 
U., one based on the principle that uric acid will 
absorb iodin. 
uricsol (u-rik'sol). A proprietary uric-acid solvent, 
uridin (u'rid-in). A pentosid from nucleic acid. 
On hydrolysis it yields uracil and ribose. 
uridrosis (u-rid-ro'sis) [Gr. ovpov urine + 18 pus 
sweat]. The presence of urinous materials in the 
sweat, such as uric acid, urea, etc. u. crystal'- 
lina, a form in which crystals of uric acid are de- 
posited upon the skin. 
uriesthesis, urisesthesis (u-re-es'the-sis). Same 
as uresiesthesis. 
uriform (u'rif-orm). A proprietary urinary anti- 
septic. 
urina (u-ri'nah). Latin for urine, u. chy'li. 
See u. cibi. u. ci'bi, " urine of food," the urine 
secreted after a full meal. u. cruen'ta, bloody 
urine, u. galacto'des, urine of a rtiilky color, 
u. hyster'ica, "hysteric urine," urine passed 
after an attack of hysteria. It is watery and of a 
pale color, u. jumento'sa, cloudy urine, u. 
po'tus, "urine of drink," urine secreted after co- 
pious drinking, u. san'guinis, "urine of the 
blood," urine passed after a night's rest, and so not 
influenced by food or drink, u. spas'tica. 
Same as u. hysterica. 
urinable (u'rin-ab-1). Capable of being excreted in 
the urine. 
urinaccelerator (u"rin-ak-sel'er-a-tor). The ac- 
celerator urinae muscle. 
URETHROVAGINAL 
1208 
urinsemia (u-rin-e'me-ah). See urinemia. 
urinal (u'rin-al) [L. urina'lis urinary]. A vessel 
or other receptacle for urine. 
urinalysis (u-rin-al'is-is) [L. u'rina urine + Gr. 
Xuais separation]. The chemic analysis of urine. 
urinary (u'rin-a-re). Pertaining to the urine; con- 
taining or secreting urine, u. sediment. See 
under sediment. 
urinaserum (u-rin-a-se'rum). Serum from an ani- 
mal into which has been injected albuminous 
urine from another animal. The serum will pre- 
cipitate albuminous urine and pleuritic exudates 
of an animal of the same species as that from 
which the injected material was taken. It is used 
as a test for albumin in the urine. 
urinate (u'rin-at). To void or discharge urine. 
urination (u-rin-a'shun). The discharge or pas- 
sage of the urine; micturition, precipitant u., 
a sudden and strong desire to urinate, stutter- 
ing u., an intermittent flow of urine, due to 
vesical spasm. 
urinative (u'rin-a-tiv). Diuretic. 
urine (u'rin) [L. uri'na], The fluid secreted by 
the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and discharged 
by the urethra. Urine, in health, has an amber 
color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and a 
bitter, saline taste. The average quantity secreted 
in twenty-four hours in a man in health is about 
3 pints, or from 1200 to 1600 c.c. Specific gravity, 
about 1.024, varying from 1.005 to 1.030. One 
thousand parts of healthy urine contain about 
960 parts of water and 40 parts of solid matter, 
which consists chiefly of urea, 23 parts; sodium 
chlorid, 11 parts; phosphoric acid, 2.3 parts; 
sulphuric acid, 1.3 parts; uric acid, 0.5 part; 
also hippuric acid, leukomains, urobilin, and 
certain organic salts. The abnormal matters 
found in the urine in various conditions include 
acetone, albumin, albumose, bile, blood, cystin, 
glucose, hemoglobin, fat, pus, spermatozoa, epi- 
thelial cells, mucous casts, etc. anemic u., the 
urine of anemic persons. Bence-Jones u. 
See albumosuria, black u., urine, colored 
black by melanin; melanuria. chylous U., 
urine of a milky color from the presence of chyle 
or fat; chyluria. crude u., light-colored, watery 
urine, which deposits little sediment, diabetic 
u., that which contains an excess of sugar, dys- 
peptic U., the urine in dyspepsia, frequently 
containing calcium oxalate crystals, febrile U., 
strong, odorous, high-colored urine, such as is 
secreted in fever, gouty u., scanty, high-colored 
urine containing large quantities of uric acid, 
hysteric u., watery, light-colored urine secreted 
in large quantity, milky u. See chyluria. 
nebulous u., urine that is cloudy from the pres- 
ence of earthy phosphates, nervous u. Same 
as hysteric u. residual u., the urine that 
remains in the bladder after urination in disease of 
the bladder and hypertrophy of the prostate. 
urinemia, urinsemia (u-rin-e'me-ah) [L. uri'na 
urine + Gr. aqua blood]. Contamination of the 
blood, due to the non-excretion of urinary mate- 
rials. See uremia. 
urine-mucoid (u-rin-mu'koid). A mucin-like sub- 
stance found in the urine. 
urineserum (u-rin-se'rum). Urinaserum. 
uriniferous (u-rin-if'er-us) [L. uri'na urine + 
fer're to bear]. Transporting or conveying the 
urine. U. tubules. See tubules and kidney. 
urinific (u-rin-if'ik). Uriniparous. 
uriniparous (u-rin-ip'ar-us) [L. uri'na urine + 
par1 re to produce]. Producing or elaborating 
urine. 
urinocryoscopy (u-ri"no-kri-os'ko-pe). Cryos- 
copy of the urine. 
urinod (u'rin-od) [urine + odor]. A neutral ill- 
smelling substance, CgHsO, derived from urine and 
believed to be the substance that gives its peculiar 
odor to urine. 
URINOD URINARY SEDIMENTS 
1209 
URINARY SEDIMENTS 
Acid sodium urate crystals. 
Acid calcium phosphate crystals. 
Leucin-spheres and tyrosin-needles. 
Crystals of triple phosphate (ammonium-magnesiut 
Various forms of crystals of calcium oxalate. 
Cholesterin-plates and fat-crystals (needles) 
Various forms of uric-acid crystals. 
Ammonium urate crystals. URINOGENITAL 
1210 
UROGASTER 
urinogenital (u"rin-o-jen'it-al). Same as uro- 
genital. 
urinogenous (u-rin-oj'en-us). Of urinary origin, 
urinoglucosometer (u"rin-o-glu"ko-som'et-er). 
An instrument for measuring the glucose in the 
urine. 
urinologist (u-rin-ol'o-jist). An expert in urin- 
ology. 
urinology (u-rin-ol'o-je). Same as urology. 
urinoma (u-rin-o'mah) [urine 4- Gr. -a>pa tumor]. A 
cyst containing urine. 
urinometer (u-rin-om'et-er) [L. uri'na urine 4" 
me'trum measure]. An instrument for determining 
the specific gravity of the urine. 
urinometry (u-rin-om'et-re). The ascertainment 
of the specific gravity of the urine. 
urinoscopy (u-rin-os'ko-pe). Same as uroscopy. 
urinose, urinous (u'rin-os, u'rin-us). Pertaining 
to the urine; containing urine. 
urinosexual (u"rin-o-seks'u-al). Genito-urinary. 
urinserum (u'rin-se-rum). Urinaserum. 
uriseptin (u-ris-ep'tin). A solution of lithium 
methaminate, containing formaldehyd and lithia: 
used as a genito-urinary antiseptic and diuretic. 
urisolvent (u-ris-ol'vent). Dissolving uric acid. 
urisolvin (u-ris-ol'vin). A uric-acid solvent remedy 
composed of acid lithium citrate and urea. Dose, 
3 gr. (0.2 gm.). 
uritis (u-ri'tis) [L. ure're to burn]. Dermatitis 
calorica. 
uritone (u'rit-on). Same as urotropin. 
urning (oor'ning) [Ger.]. A sexual pervert who 
has sexual pleasure with persons of the same sex. 
urnism (oor'nizm). Homosexuality; sexual aberra- 
tion in which the sexual object is a person of one s 
own sex. 
uro-acidimeter (u"ro-as-id-im'et-er). An instru- 
ment for measuring the acidity of the urine. 
uro-ammoniac (u"ro-am-o'ne-ak). Containing 
uric acid and ammonia, as, uro-ammoniac calculus, 
uro-azotometer (u"ro-az-o-tom'et-er) [urine ri- 
azotometer]. An apparatus for measuring the 
nitrogenous matter of the urine. 
TJrobacillus (u-ro-bas-il'us) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
bacillus]. The generic name for any bacillus found 
in the urine or in decomposing urine. U. freu- 
denrei'chii, a bacillus occurring in the air, in 
abscesses, and in decomposing urea. U. lique- 
fa'ciens, a pathogenic bacillus of the urine. U. 
liquefa'ciens sep'ticus, a member of the 
Proteus group found in the bladder. 
urobilin (u-ro-bi'lin) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- L. bi'lis 
bile]. An amorphous, brownish pigment, C32- 
H40N4O7 (normal w.), found in healthy urine, in 
the urine of fevers (febrile u.), or in the dark- 
colored urine of certain other diseases (pathologic 
u.). It is sometimes found in the blood. It is a re- 
duced form of bilirubin. 
urobilinemia, urobilinsemia (u"ro-bi-lin-e'me- 
ah) [urobilin 4~ Gr. alpa blood]. The presence of 
urobilin in the blood. 
urobilinicterus (u-ro-bil-in-ik'ter-us). A brownish 
coloration of the skin due to the deposit of urobilin 
in the tissues. 
urobilinogen (u"ro-bi-lin'o-jen) [urobilin 4- Gr. 
yevvav to produce]. A chromogen whose de- 
composition produces urobilin. 
urobilinogenemia (u-ro-bil-in"o-jen-e'me-ah). 
Presence of urobilinogen in the blood. 
urobilinogenuria (u-ro-bil-in"o-jen-u're-ah). Pres- 
ence of urobilinogen in the urine. 
urobilinoid (u-ro-bil'in-oid). Resembling urobilin, 
urobilinoiden (u-ro-bil-in-oi'din). A reduction 
product of hematin, resembling urobilin, some- 
times found in the urine. 
urobilinuria (u"ro-bi-lin-u're-ah) [urobilin 4- Gr. 
ovpov urine]. The presence of an excess of urobilin 
in the urine. 
urocanin (u-ro-ka'nin) [Gr. ovpov urine + L. ca'nis 
dog]. A base, CnHlaN4O, derivable from uro- 
caninic acid, C12H12N4O4, a crystalline substance 
sometimes occurring in the urine of dogs. 
urocele (u'ro-sel) [Gr. ovpov urine + ktjXt) tumor]. 
Distention of the scrotum with extravasated 
urine. 
urocheras (u-rok'er-as) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- xepas 
gravel]. Same as uropsammus. 
urochesia (u-ro-ke'ze-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- xtfeu* 
to defecate]. The discharge of urine through 
the anus. 
urochrome (u'ro-krom) [Gr. ovpov urine + xp&pa 
color], A yellow, amorphous pigment of the 
urine, which gives the urine its yellow color. 
urochromogen (u-ro-kro'mo-jen). A low oxidation 
product found in the urine, which on further oxi- 
dation becomes urochrome, u. reaction. See 
Moriz-Weisz test, under test. 
urocinetic (u"ro-sin-et'ik). See urokinetic. 
urocitral (u-ro-sit'ral). A white powder, theo- 
bromin and sodium citrate: used as a diuretic. 
uroclepsia (u-ro-klep'se-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
KXeirreiv to steal]. The unconscious escape of 
urine. 
urocol (u'ro-kol). A preparation of urea quinate 
and colchicin: used in gout. 
urocrisia (u-ro-kriz'e-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine + Kpiveiv 
to judge]. Diagnosis by observing or examining 
the urine. 
urocrisis (u-rok'ris-is) [Gr. ovpov urine + Kplais 
crisis]. A crisis marked by a free discharge of 
urine. 
urocriterion (u"ro-kri-te're-on) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
Kpvriipiov test]. A symptom observed in the in- 
spection of the urine. 
urocyanin (u-ro-si'an-in) [Gr. ovpov urine + Kvavos 
blue]. Same as uroglaucin. 
urocyanogen (u"ro-si-an'o-jen) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
Kvavos blue + yevvav to produce]. A blue pig- 
ment of the urine, especially of that of cholera 
patients. 
urocyanosis (u"ro-si-an-o'sis) [Gr. ovpov urine 4* 
Kvavos blue]. Indicanuria. 
urocyst (u'ro-sist) [Gr. ovpov urine + Kharis blad- 
der], The urinary bladder. 
urocystic (u-ro-sis'tik). Pertaining to the urinary 
bladder. 
urocystis (u-ro-sis'tis) [L.]. Same as urocyst. 
urocystitis (u"ro-sis-ti'tis) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
Kvaris bladder 4- -iris inflammation]. Inflamma- 
tion of the urinary bladder. 
urodialysis (u"ro-di-al'is-is) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
SiaXvais cessation]. Partial or complete sup- 
pression of the urine. 
urodochium (u-ro-do'ke-um, u"ro-do-ki'um) [Gr. 
ovpov, urine 4- boxeiov holder], A urinal. 
urodonal (u-rod'o-nal). A proprietary mixture of 
sidonal, lysidin, and hexamethylenamin: a uric- 
acid solvent. 
urodynia (u-ro-din'e-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- bbvvr] 
pain]. Pain in the discharge of urine. 
uroedema (u-re-de'mah). See uredema. 
uro-erythrin (u-ro-er'ith-rin) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
epvOpbs red], A dark-reddish coloring-matter 
found in the urine of acute rheumatism. It 
gives the red color seen in deposits of urates. 
urofuscin (u-ro-fus'in). A pigment of the urine 
which is the precursor of hematoporphyrin. 
urofuscohematin (u"ro-fus-ko-hem'at-in) [Gr. 
ovpov urine 4- ~L.fus'cus tawny 4- hematin]. A red- 
brown pigment from the urine in certain diseases. 
urogaster (u-ro-gas'ter) [Gr. ovpov urine 4* yaar-hp 
stomach]. The urinary intestine; a part of the 
allantoic cavity of the embryo. UROGENIN 
1211 
URORUBROHEMATIN 
urogenin (u-roj'en-in). A proprietary compound of 
theobromin, hippuric acid, and lithium: used as a 
diuretic. 
urogenital (u-ro-jen'it-al). Pertaining to the urin- 
ary and genital apparatus. 
UTOgenous (u-roj'en-us) [Gr. ovpov urine + yevvav 
to produce]. Producing urine. 
uroglaucin (u'To-glaw'sin) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
yXavKos green]. Indigo-blue occurring in the 
urine. It is due to oxidation of a colorless chro- 
mogen in the urine, and is seen in conditions such 
as scarlet fever. 
Uroglena (u-ro-gle'nah). A genus of free-swim- 
ming, flagellate protozoans, which sometimes im- 
part a fishy odor to a water-supply. 
urography (u-rog'raf-e). Radiography of the 
urinary tract. 
urogravimeter (u"ro-grav-im'et-er) [Gr. ovpov 
urine 4- L. gra'vis heavy + me'trum measure]. 
Same as urinometer. 
urohematin (u-ro-hem'at-in) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
hematin]. The coloring-matter or pigments of 
the urine: regarded as identical with hematin. 
urohematonephrosis (u//ro-hem//at-o-nef-ro/sis) 
[Gr. ovpov urine + aipa blood 4- ve<ppos kidney]. 
Distention of the kidney with urine and blood. 
urohematoporphyrin (u"ro-hem"at-o-por'fir-in). 
Hematoporphyrin derived from the urine. 
urohypertensin (u-ro-hi-per-ten'sin). A mix- 
ture of bases obtained from the urine, which, when 
injected into the blood, produces a rise of arterial 
blood-pressure. 
urokinetic (u"ro-kin-et'ik) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
Klv-qai-s movement]. Caused by a reflex from the 
urinary organs: said of a form of dyspepsia. 
urol (u'rol). A compound, C7H12O8.2CO(NH2)2, 
or urea quinate: used as a diuretic and in gout. 
urolagnia (u-ro-lag'ne-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
Xayveia lust]. Sexual excitement produced by 
seeing urine or by watching a person urinating. 
urolite, urolith (u'ro-lit, u'ro-lith) [Gr. ovpov urine 
+ XiOos stone]. A urinary calculus or stone. 
urolithiasis (u"ro-lith-i'as-is) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
XcdcaaLs lithiasis]. The formation of urinary cal- 
culi; also the diseased condition associated with 
the presence of urinary calculi. 
urolithic (u-ro-lith'ik). Pertaining to urinary 
calculi. 
urolithology (u"ro-lith-ol'o-je) [urolith + Gr. 
X6yos treatise]. The sum of knowledge regarding 
urinary calculi. 
uro log (u'ro-log). A urologist. 
urologic (u-ro-loj'ik). Pertaining to urology. 
urologist (u-rol'o-jist). A physician who makes a 
specialty of urology and the urinary apparatus. 
urology (u-rol'o-je) [Gr. ovpov urine + Xbyos treat- 
ise]. That department of medicine which has to 
do with the urine and the urinary tract. 
urolutein (u-ro-lu'te-in) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- L. 
lu'teus yellow], A yellow pigment of the urine. 
uromancy (u'ro-man-se) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- pavreia 
a divination]. Prognostication or prognosis by 
the inspection of urine. 
uromantia (u-ro-man'she-ah). Uromancy. 
uromelanin (u-ro-mel'an-in) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
peXas black], A black pigment, CiSH43N7Oi0, 
sometimes found in urine. It results from the 
decomposition of urochrome. 
uromelus (u-rom'el-us) [Gr. ovpd tail + peXos limb]. 
A monster-fetus with the legs fused and one foot. 
urometer (u-rom'et-er) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- perpov 
measure]. Same as urinometer. 
uron (u'ron). A proprietary diuretic and genito- 
urinary antiseptic. 
uroncus (u-rong'kus) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 07x0s 
tumor], A swelling containing urine. 
Urone'ma cauda'tum. A species of parasitic 
ciliate found in the feces in a case of dysentery. 
uronephrosis (u"ro-nef-ro'sis) [Gr. ovpov urine + 
ve<ppo$ kidney]. An abnormal distention of the 
pelvis and tubules of the kidney with urine. 
uroneutrin (u-ro-nu'trin). A proprietary genito- 
urinary antiseptic for internal use. 
uronology (u-ro-nol'o-je). Same as urology. 
urophanic (u-ro-fan'ik) [Gr. ovpov urine + <pa.tveiv 
to appear]. Appearing in the urine. 
urophein, urophaein (u-ro-fe'in) [Gr. ovpov urine 
+ <patos gray]. An odoriferous gray pigment of 
the urine. 
uropherin (u-rof er-in) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- tpepeiv to 
carry]. A white powder, theobromin and lithium 
benzoate, CyHyN^Li + CsHs.COOLi, soluble in 
5 parts of water. It is used as a diuretic in neph- 
ritis, heart disease, etc. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.), u. 
benzoate, a white powder, a mixture of lithium 
benzoate and theobromin. It is used as a nerve- 
stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 15 gr. (1 gm.), 
u. salicylate, a compound of lithium salicylate 
and lithium theobromin, C7H7N4O2Li + OH.C6H4.- 
COOLi. It is an effective diuretic and nerve 
stimulant. 
urophosphometer (u"ro-fos-fom'et-er). An in- 
strument for measuring the quantity of phos- 
phorus in the urine. • 
urophthisis (u-rof'this-is) [Gr. ovpov urine + <p6iais 
a wasting]. Diabetes mellitus. 
uropittin (u-ro-pit'in) [Gr. ovpov urine + irlrra 
pitch]. A resinous product, C9H10N2O3, of the 
decomposition of urochrome. 
uroplania (u-ro-pla'ne-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine + yrXa^ 
wandering]. The presence of urine in, or its dis- 
charge from, organs not of the urogenital tract. 
uropoiesis (u"ro-poi-e'sis) [Gr. ovpov urine + iroceiv 
to make]. The secretion of the urine. 
uropoietic (u"ro-poi-et'ik). Pertaining to or con- 
cerned in the secretion of the urine. 
uropsammus (u-ro-sam'us) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
d/appos sand]. Sediment or gravel in the urine. 
uropurgol (u-ro-per'gol). See helmitol. 
uropurol (u-ro-pu'rol). A proprietary urinary an- 
tiseptic. 
uropyoureter (u"ro-pi"o-u-re'ter) [Gr. ovpov urine 
+ -irvov pus + ovprjrr/p ureter]. A collection of 
urine and pus in the ureter. 
uro-reaction (u"ro-re-ak'shun). See Mdlmajde's 
test, under tests. 
urorhythmography (u"ro-rith-mog'raf-e) [Gr. 
ovpov urine + pvdpbs rhythm + ypaipetv to write]. 
Graphic registration of the ejaculation of the renal 
secretion from the ureter mouths. 
urorosein (u-ro-ro'ze-in). Same as urorrhodin. 
uroroseinogen (u"ro-ro-se-in'o-jen). Same as 
urorrhodinogen. 
urorrhagia (u-ror-a'je-ah) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
pijyvvvat to burst forth]. An excessive flow of 
urine; diabetes. 
urorrhea, urorrhcea (u-ror-e'ah) [Gr. ovpov urine 
+ poia flow]. An involuntary discharge of urine; 
enuresis. 
urorrhodin (u-ror-o'din) [Gr. ovpov urine + pb^ov 
rose]. A rose-colored pigment found in the 
urine after the ingestion of scatol and after adding 
strong HC1 to the urine. It may be indol acetic 
acid. 
urorrhodinogen (u"ro-ro-din'o-jen) [urorrhodin 
+ Gr. yevvav to produce]. A chromogen in the 
urine which, on decomposition, yields urorrhodin. 
urorubin (u-ro-ru'bin) [Gr. ovpov urine + L. ru'ber 
red]. A red pigment derivable from the urine 
by the action of hydrochloric acid. 
urorubrohematin <u"ro-ru-bro-hem'at-in) [Gr. 
ovpov urine + L. ru'ber red + hematin}. A red 
pigment rarely found in the urine in certain con- 
stitutional diseases, as leprosy. UROSACCHAROMETRY 
1212 
USTION 
urosaccharometry (u"ro-sak-ar-om'et-re) [urine 
4- saccharometry]. The measurement or estimation 
of sugar in the urine. 
urosacin (u-ro'sa-sin). Same as urorrhodin. 
urosanol (u-ro-sa'nol). A preparation of protargol 
and gelatin: used in urethritis. 
uroscheocele (u-ros'ke-o-sel) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
baxeov scrotum 4- KrpSri tumor]. Same as urocele. 
uroschesis (u-ros'kes-is) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- uxeais 
holding]. Retention of the urine. 
uroscopic (u-ro-skop'ik). Pertaining to uroscopy. 
uroscopy (u-ros'ko-pe) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- aKoireiv 
to view]. Diagnostic examination of the urine. 
urosemiology (u"ro-se-mi-ol'o-je) [Gr. ovpov urine 
4- semiology]. Diagnostic study of the urine. 
urosepsin (u-ro-sep'sin) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
decay]. An aseptic poison arising from urine in 
the tissues. 
urosepsis (u-ro-sep'sis) [Gr. ovpov urine 4* crij/i-s 
decay]. Septic poisoning from the absorption 
and decomposition of urinary substances in the 
tissues. 
uroseptic (u-ro-sep'tik). Pertaining to or marked 
by urosepsis. 
urosin (u'ro-sin). A proprietary uric-acid solvent 
in tablets, each containing quinic acid, 0.5 gm.; 
lithium citrate, 0.15 gm.; sugar, 0.3 gm. 
urosis (u-ro'sis) [Gr. ovpov urine]. Any disease of 
the urinary apparatus. 
urospectrin (u-ro-spek'trin) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
spectrum]. One of the pigments of normal urine; 
a substance obtainable from certain specimens 
of urine allied to hematoporphyrin. 
urostealith (u-ro-ste'al-ith) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
areap fat 4- XiOos stone]. A fatty constituent of 
certain urinary calculi; a urinary calculus having 
fatty constituents. 
urotheobromin (u"ro-the-o-bro'min). Same as 
paraxanthin. 
urotoxia, urotoxy (u-ro-toks'e-ah, u'ro-toks-e) [Gr. 
ovpov urine 4- to^ikov poison], 1. The toxicity 
of the urine; also the toxic substance of the urine 
(Bouchard). 2. The unit of the toxicity of the urine 
or a quantity sufficient to kill 1 kilogram of living 
substance. 
urotoxic (u-ro-toks'ik) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- to^lkov 
poison]. Pertaining to the toxic materials of the 
urine, u. coefficient. See coefficient. 
urotoxicity (u"ro-toks-is'it-e). The toxic quality 
of the urine. 
urotoxin (u-ro-toks'in). The toxic or poisonous 
principle of the urine. 
urotoxy (u'ro-toks-e). See urotoxia. 
urotropin (u-rot'ro-pin). Hexamethylenamin or 
hexamethylentetramin, (CH2)8N4 = C8H12N4, a 
crystalline substance, soluble in water, slightly so 
in alcohol, and nearly insoluble in ether. It is 
diuretic and a solvent of uric acid: used as a di- 
uretic in pyelitis and cystitis and to sterilize the 
urine in the body in typhoid fever. Dose, 7-30 
gr. (0.5-2 gm.). 
uroureter (u-ro-u-re'ter) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- ureter]. 
Distention of the ureter with urine. 
uroxanthin (u-ro-zan'thin) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- 
^avdbs yellow]. A yellow pigment of normal 
urine convertible into indigo blue. 
uroxin (u-roks'in) [Gr. ovpov urine 4- o^vs sharp]. 
Same as alloxanthin. 
urrhodin (u-ro'din). See urorrhodin. 
ursal (ur'sal). A urea and salicylic acid compound: 
antirheumatic. Dose, 5-20 gr. (0.333-1.333 gm.). 
ursin (ur'sin). Same as arbutin. 
ursol (ur'sol). A dangerous hair dye containing 
paraphenylenedi amin. 
ursone (ur'son). A crystallizable principle, CM- 
H52O5, from Arctostaph'ylos u'va-ursi and other 
ericaceous plants. 
Urtica (er-ti'kah) [L.]. 1. A genus of plants, in- 
cluding the true or typical nettles; plants covered 
with stinging hairs and secreting.a poisonous fluid. 
2. A wheal or pomphus. U. dio'ica, a stinging 
nettle of temperate regions having stimulant, 
diuretic, and hemostatic properties; also its homeo- 
pathic preparation. 
urticant (e/tik-ant). Causing an itching or stinging 
sensation. 
urticaria (er-tik-a're-ah) [L.]. Nettle-rash or 
hives; a skin disease characterized by the sudden 
appearance of smooth, slightly elevated patches, 
which are usually whiter than the surrounding 
skin and attended by severe itching. The erup- 
tion rarely lasts longer than two days. It may, 
however, exist in a chronic form. The disorder 
often arises from irritation of the gastro-intestinal, 
pulmonary, or urinary mucous membrane. The 
ingestion of certain foods, such as shell-fish, is apt 
to produce it. Menstruation or mental emotion, 
may also be a cause, u. bullo sa, u. vesiculo'- 
sa, an eruption of transient bullae or vesicles, 
u. confer'ta, a form in which the lesions occur 
in groups, u. endem'ica, a variety caused by 
certain species of caterpillar, and occurring as an 
endemic, epidemic u., a severe form ascribed 
to caterpillar poisoning, u. facti'tia. Same as 
autographism. u. gigan'tea, urticaria marked by 
large, soft swellings, chiefly about the face and eyes; 
angioneurotic edema. Called also giant u. and 
u. oedematosa. u. haemorrhagi'ca. Same as 
purpura urticans. u. maculo'sa, a form in 
which the wheals retain their red color. U. 
mariti'ma, a form due to salt-water bathing, 
u. medicamento'sa, a form due to the use of 
certain drugs, u. oedemato'sa, a form marked 
by a suddenly appearing edematous swelling of the 
skin and subcutaneous tissue of very large area. 
Called also giant u. u. papulo'sa, urticaria with 
a papulous eruption, leaving a solid papule after 
the eruption has disappeared. It chiefly affects 
children. Called also lichen urticatus. U. per'- 
stans, a form in which the wheals remain, u. 
pigmento'sa, a form which leaves the skin 
marked with permanent pigmented stains. It 
occurs in early infant life, and is a very rare disease, 
u. subcuta'nea, a form with swellings, due to- 
subcutaneous edema, u. tubero'sa, angio- 
neurotic edema, u. vesiculo'sa, a kind charac- 
terized by an eruption of blisters and vesicles. 
urticarial (er-tik-a're-al). Same as urticarious. 
urticarious (er-tik-a're-us). Pertaining to or of 
the nature of urticaria. 
urticate (er'tik-at). 1. Marked by the presence 
of wheals. 2. To perform urtication. 
urtication (er-tik-a'shun) [L. u/tica a nettle], 1. 
The flogging of a part with green nettles for their 
revulsive or stimulant effect. 2. A burning sensa- 
tion as of stinging with nettles. 
urystamin (u-ris'tam-in). Urotropin lithium ben- 
zoate: a uric-acid solvent. 
usane (u'san). A local anesthetic for use in den- 
tistry. 
Usnea barbata (us'ne-ah bar-ba'tah). A large 
lichen growing on forest trees; also its homeo- 
pathic preparation. 
U. S. P., U. S. Phar. Abbreviations for United- 
States Pharmacopceia. 
ustilagin (us-til'aj-in). A bitter crystalline alkaloid 
from ustilago. 
Ustilago (us-til-a'go) [L.]. A genus of mold-like 
fungi of the order Basidiomycetes, called smuts, 
parasitic on other plants. U. hypody'tes is. 
thought by some to cause friente. U. may'dis, 
the smut of maize, is used like ergot. Dose of 
fluidextract, 15-60 min. (1-4 c.c.). 
ustion (us'tshun) [L. us'tio]. Burning with the ac- 
tual cautery. USTULATION 
1213 
UStulation (us-tu-la'shun) [L. ustula're to scorch]. 
The drying of a moist drug by heat. 
ustus (us'tus). Latin for burnt or calcined. 
Uta (oo'tah). A skin disease occurring in Peru. It 
resembles lupus, and is caused by a species of 
Leishmania. u. hembra, dermal leishmaniasis 
of the ulcerative type. u. macho, dermal leish- 
maniasis of the tubercle type. 
Ut. diet. Abbreviation for L. ut die'turn, as directed. 
Utend. Abbreviation for L. uten'dus, to be used, 
uteralgia (u-ter-al'je-ah) [L. u'terus womb + Gr. 
aXyos pain]. Pain in the uterus; metralgia. 
Uteramin (u-ter-am'in). Same as systogene. 
uterectomy (u-ter-ek'to-me). Same as hysterec- 
tomy. 
uterin (u'ter-in). Bell's name for a supposed sub- 
stance secreted by the uterus, and which, when 
excreted in excess, causes menstruation. 
Uterine (u'ter-in) [L. uteri'nus\. Of or pertaining 
to the uterus. 
uterismus (u-ter-iz'mus). Uterine pain. 
Uteritis (u-ter-i'tis). Inflammation of the womb; 
metritis. 
Utero-abdominal (u"ter-o-ab-dom'in-al). Per- 
taining to the uterus and the abdomen. 
uterocele (u'ter-o-sel) [uterus + Gr. hernia]. 
Presence of the uterus in a hernial sac. 
uterocervical (u"ter-o-ser'vik-al). Pertaining to 
the uterus and the cervix uteri. 
uterocystostomy (u"ter-o-sis-tos'to-me) [uterus + 
Gr. mrcs, bladder + arbua. mouth]. The opera- 
tion of forming an anastomosis between the 
uterine cervix and the bladder. 
Uterofixation (u"ter-o-fiks-a'shun). Same as hys- 
teropexy. 
uterogestation (u"ter-o-jes-ta'shun) [L. u'terus 
womb + gesta'tio a carrying], 1. Uterine preg- 
nancy; any pregnancy which is not extra-uterine. 
2. The full period or time of normal pregnancy. 
uterol (u'ter-ol). A preparation of black haw, hy- 
drastis, aletris, etc.: used 'as a sedative and anti- 
spasmodic in uterine disorders. 
Uterolith (u'ter-o-lith) [L. u'terus + Gr. XU)os 
stone]. A uterine calculus. 
uterologist (u-ter-ol'o-jist). One who practices 
both gynecology and obstetrics. 
uterology (u-ter-ol'o-je) [L. u'terus + Gr. Xbyos 
treatise). Gynecology and obstetrics combined. 
uteromania (u"ter-o-ma'ne-ah). Same as nym- 
phomania. 
uterometer (u-ter-om'et-er). An instrument for 
measuring the uterus. 
Utero-ovarian (u"ter-o-o-va're-an). Pertaining 
to the uterus and ovary. 
uteroparietal (u"ter-o-par-i'et-al). Pertaining to 
the uterus and the abdominal wall. 
uteropelvic (u"ter-o-pel'vik). Pertaining to the 
uterus and the pelvic ligaments. 
uteropexy (u'ter-o-peks-e). Same as hysteropexy. 
uteroplacental (u"ter-o-plas-en'tal). Pertaining 
to the uterus and the placenta. 
Uterosacral (u"ter-o-sa'kral). Pertaining to the 
uterus and the sacrum. 
uterosclerosis (u"ter-o-skle-ro'sis). Sclerosis of the 
uterus. 
Uteroscope (u'ter-o-skop) [uterus + Gr. crKoireiv to 
view]. An instrument for viewing the interior of 
the uterus. 
uterotome (u'ter-o-tom). Same as hysterotome. 
uterotomy (u-ter-ot'o-me). Same as hysterotomy. 
uterotonic (u-ter-o-ton'ik). Giving muscular tone 
to the uterus. 
uterotractor (u"ter-o-trak'tor). A kind of trac- 
tion-forceps with thick lateral projections on the 
back of its jaws. It is inserted into the cavity 
of the uterus and opened, serving to draw the 
organ down in operation for hysterectomy. 
uterotubal (u"ter-o-tu'bal). Pertaining to the 
uterus and the oviducts. 
Uterovaginal (u"ter-o-vaj'in-al). Pertaining to 
the uterus and the vagina. 
uteroventral (u"ter-o-ven'tral). Pertaining to the 
uterus and the cavity of the abdomen. 
uterovesical (u"ter-o-ves'ik-al). Pertaining to the 
uterus and the bladder. 
uterus (u'ter-us) [L. " womb "]. The womb; a 
hollow muscular organ, the abode and place of 
nourishment of the embryo and fetus. It is 
a pear-shaped structure, about 3 inches in length, 
consisting of a broad, flattened part (body) above 
and a narrow, cylindric part (cervix) below. Its 
cavity opens into the vagina below, and into the 
fallopian tubes on either side above. It is held 
in place by a broad ligament, a transverse fold of 
peritoneum which incloses it on either side, and by 
various ligaments, such as the round ligaments, the 
recto-uterine ligaments, and the vesico-uterine 
ligaments. It is made up of a peritoneal coat, a 
middle layer of unstriated muscular fibers which 
constitutes most of its thickness, and a mucous 
coat, which contains numerous mucous follicles or 
uterine (utricular) glands, and is lined by ciliated 
epithelium. The glands of the cervix are known 
as the nabothian glands, u. acol'lis, a uterus 
in which the vaginal portion is absent. U. ar- 
cua'tus, a uterus with a depressed fundus. U. 
bicamera'tus vetula'rum, a uterus in which 
both the external and internal os are closed, and 
a catarrhal discharge accumulates in the body and 
in the cervix, giving the organ a peculiar double 
swelling, u. bicor'nis, one with two horns, u. 
bif'oris, one in which the external os is divided 
by a septum, u. bilocula'ris, one the cavity of 
which is divided into two parts by a partition. U. 
biparti'tus. Same as u. bilocularis. u. cordi- 
for'mis, a heart-shaped uterus, u. didel'phys, 
either of two distinct uteri occurring side by side 
in the same individual, duplex u., a double 
uterus; normal in marsupial mammals, and rarely 
seen in the human subject, gravid U., the preg- 
nant uterus, u. incudifor'mis, a uterus 
bicornis which is broad between the two horns, 
irritable u., one affected with neuralgia or 
hysteralgia. u. masculi'nus, the sinus pocularis 
in the male urethra, u. parvicol'lis, a uterus 
in which the cervical portion is very small. U. 
sep'tus. Same as u. bilocularis. u. unicor'- 
nis, one with only one cornu, one lateral half being 
undeveloped or imperfectly developed. 
utricle (u'trik-1) [L. utric'ulus, dim. of u'ter a little 
bag]. 1. The larger of the two sacs of the mem- 
branous labyrinth of the ear. Called also utriculus 
vestibuli and sacculus communis. 2. The sinus 
pocularis. prostatic u., the remains of the 
mullerian duct in the male. It is inclosed be- 
tween the prostate and pelvic connective tissue 
and opens into the urethra, urethral u., pros- 
tatic utricle. 
utricular (u-trik'u-lar). 1. Pertaining to a utricle. 
2. Resembling a bladder. 
utriculitis (u"trik-u-li'tis). Inflammation of the 
sinus pocularis. 
utriculoplasty (u-trik'u-lo-plas-te). The opera- 
tion of excising a wedge-shaped piece of the whole 
thickness of the uterine wall, the two halves remain- 
ing being then sutured together so as to form a 
miniature uterus or " utriculus." 
utriculosaccular (u-trik"u-lo-sak'u-lar). Pertain- 
ing to the utricle and saccule of the labyrinth. 
utriculus (u-trik'u-lus). Latin for utricle, u. 
masculi'nus, u. prostat'icus. Same as 
sinus pocularis. 
utriform (u'trif-orm). Having the shape of a bottle. 
Utropin (u'tro-pin). Same as urotropin. 
UTROPIN UVA 
Uva (u'vah), pl. u'vce [L. " grape "]. The raisin; 
the dried fruit of Vi'tis vinif'era, grape-vine, 
u. pas'see, dried grapes or raisins, u. pas'see 
mino'res, commercial currants; a variety of 
small raisins, u. ur'si [L. " bear's grapes "], 
the leaves of Arctostaph' ylos u'va-ursi, or bear- 
berry, a trailing ericaceous shrub. The leaves 
contain the glucosid arbutin, and are tonic, as- 
tringent, diuretic, and anthelmintic. It is used 
in cystitis, strangury, irritation of the bladder, 
and pyelitis. Dose, |-r dr. (0.97-4 gm.); of 
extract, 5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.); of fluidextract, 
10-60 min. (0.666-4 c.c.). 
uvaeformis (u"ve-for'mis) [LJ. The middle layer 
of the choroid coat. 
uvea (u've-ah) [L.]. 1. Formerly the posterior 
surface of the iris. 2. In present use, the iris, 
ciliary body, and choroid considered together, 
and forming the pigmentary layer of the eye. 
uveal (u've-al). Pertaining to the uvea. u. tract, 
the uvea. 
uveitic (u-ve-it'ik). Pertaining to or of the nature 
of uveitis. 
uveitis (u-ve-i'tis) [uvea + Gr. -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the uvea, anterior u, kera- 
titis involving the front part of the uvea. 
uveoplasty (u've-o-plas-te). Plastic operation of 
the uvea. 
uviform (u'vi-form) [L. u'va grape + for'ma form]. 
Having the form of a grape. 
uviol (u've-ol). A lamp for supplying ultraviolet 
rays for therapeutic purposes. 
1214 
uviolize (u've-ol-iz). To subject to the action of 
ultraviolet rays. 
uvula (u'vu-lah) [L. "little grape"]. 1. The pen- 
dulum of the palate; a small, fleshy mass hanging 
from the soft palate above the root of the tongue, 
and composed of the levator and tensor palati and 
azygos uvulae muscles, connective tissue, and mu- 
cous membrane. 2. The uvula cerebelli. bifid 
u., a split uvula, u. cerebel'li, the inter- 
tonsillar lobe of the cerebellum. Lieutaud's u., 
a longitudinal ridge on the trigon of the bladder, 
u. palati'na [B N A]. See uvula (1st def.), u. 
ver'mis [BNA], uvula cerebelli. u. ves'icae 
[B N A], a small eminence at the apex of the trigone 
of the bladder, projecting into the orifice of the 
urethra. 
uvulaptosis (u"vu-Iap-to'sis). See uvuloptosis. 
uvular (u'vu-lar). Pertaining to the uvula, 
uvularis (u-vu-la'ris). The azygos uvulae muscle, 
uvulatome (u'vu-lat-om). See uvulotome. 
uvulatomy (u-vu-lat'o-me). Uvulotomy. 
uvulitis (u-vu-li'tis). Inflammation of the uvula. 
uvuloptosis (u"vu-lop-to'sis) [uvula + Gr. twGxtis 
falling]. Falling of the palate: a relaxed and 
pendulous condition of the palate; staphyloptosis. 
uvulotome (u'vu-lo-tom) [uvula + Gr. rewreip 
to cut]. An instrument for cutting off the uvula. 
uvulotomy (u-vu-lot'o-me). The operation of 
cutting off the uvula or a part of it. 
uzara (u-zah'rah). The root of an African plant: 
used by the natives in diarrhea and dysentery. 
VACCINE 
V. An abbreviation for vision or visual acuity; 
also the symbol for vanadium. 
V. Abbreviation for volt. 
N&. Abbreviation for visual acuteness. 
vaccigenous (vak-sij'en-us) [vaccine + Gr. 7ewap 
to produce]. Producing vaccine. 
vaccin (vak'sin). Same as vaccine. 
vaccina (vak-si'nah). See vaccinia. 
vaccinable (vak-sin'a-bl). Susceptible of being 
successfully vaccinated. 
vaccinal (vak'sin-al) [L. vacci'nus]. 1. Pertaining 
to vaccinia or to vaccination. 2. Having pro- 
tective qualities when used by way of inoculation. 
V. fever, the slight fever that often occurs after 
vaccination. 
vaccinate (vak'sin-at). 1. To inoculate with vac- 
cine virus. 2. To inoculate with any virus so as 
to procure immunity against any disease. 
vaccination (vak-sin-a'shun) [L. vac'ca cow]. 
1. The act or process of vaccinating; protective 
inoculation against small-pox by inoculation with 
vaccinal virus. _ It is performed by placing lymph 
from the vaccinia vesicles of a cow or of a man 
upon the denuded or scarified skin. In a few 
days a small papule appears at the site of inocu- 
lation, followed in a few more days by a vesicle. 
After about eight days the vesicle becomes pustular 
and surrounded by a red, inflammatory area. 
About two weeks after inoculation a scab is formed, 
which, falling off, leaves a pitted, permanent scar. 
Sometimes the progress of the inoculation is 
attended with slight constitutional symptoms, and 
occasionally a general symptom (vaccine rash) is 
developed._ 2. The injection of a bacterial vac- 
cine. animal v. See bovine v. anthracic 
V., inoculation of an animal with attenuated cul- 
tures of the anthrax bacillus, antirabic v., 
protective inoculation with antirabic vaccine, 
antityphoid v., protective inoculation with 
typhoid vaccine. arm-to-arm v., inocula- 
tion of a person's arm with vaccine taken from the 
arm of another, bacterial v., inoculation with a 
bacterial vaccine, bovine v., vaccination with 
lymph obtained from the calf, compulsory v., 
vaccination required by law. intra-uterine v., 
immunity to variola transmitted to the fetus by the 
mother who has been vaccinated during pregnancy. 
Stock v., vaccination with stock cultures of the 
type of germ concerned in the infection being 
treated. 
vaccinationist (vak-sin-a'shun-ist). One who de- 
fends the practice of vaccination. 
vaccinator (vak'sin-a-tor). i. One who vaccinates. 
2. An instrument for use in vaccination. 
vaccine (vak'sen) [L. vacci'nus], i. Pertaining to 
the cow. 2. Vaccinal. 3. Lymph, scab, or any 
substance containing the virus of cow-pox; lymph 
taken from a vesicle of cow-pox and used in in- 
oculating that disease. 4. Any material for pre- 
ventive inoculation; particularly a preparation of a 
bacillus or its toxins which, on introduction into 
the body, produces active immunization by the 
formation of antibodies, acne v., a vaccine pre- 
pared from acne bacilli, used in mild forms of acne, 
anthrax v., anthrax cultures attenuated by 
growing them at 420 C. for varying lengths of 
time and injected into horses, cattle, sheep, and 
goats to protect them against anthrax. It is a 
triple vaccine; No. 1 is the weakest and is given 
first; Nos. 2 and 3 are progressively stronger and 
are given at intervals of twelve days apart, anti- 
rabic v., an emulsion of the spinal cords of rab- 
bits that have died as a result of the subdural in- 
jection of fixed rabies virus: used for the prevent- 
ive treatment of rabies, antityphoid v. See 
typhoid v. aqueous v., a vaccine in which the 
vehicle is physiologic salt solution, autogen- 
ous v., a vaccine prepared from bacteria which 
have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it. autosen- 
sitized V., a vaccine sensitized by the patient's 
own serum, bacterial v., a sterilized and enu- 
merated suspension of bacteria in normal salt 
solution or neutral oil which is injected for the 
purpose of raising the opsonic index of patients 
suffering from infection by that organism. Called 
also bacterin. There are three types of bacterial 
vaccine: i, living vaccines in which the bacteria 
are alive; 2, sensitized vaccines in which the bacteria 
have been exposed to their specific immune serum; 
killed vaccines in which the bacteria are killed after 
the suspension has been made. The vaccine from 
Bacillus coli (colibacterin) is used in cystitis, 
catarrhal jaundice, and various local infections; 
that from gonococci [Niesser bacterin) is used 
in acute gonorrhea and various gonorrheal in- 
flammations; that from pneumococci (pneumo- 
bacterin), in empyema and cystitis; that from 
staphylococci (staphylobacterin), in furunculosis, 
acne, etc.; that from streptococci (streptobacterin), 
in abscess and cystitis. Vaccines are also prepared 
from Bacillus neoformans (neoformans bacterin); 
from Bacillus pyocyaneus (pyocyanobacterin); and 
from typhoid bacilli {typhobacterin). Besredka's 
v. Same as sensitized v. blackleg v., fresh 
muscle tissue from a blackleg tumor, ground, dried, 
and attenuated by heat. It is injected into cattle 
to protect them from blackleg, bovine V., vac- 
cine derived from the cow. Castellani's v's. 
See pentavaccine and tetra-vaccine. Chante - 
messe's v., a monovalent antityphoid vaccine, 
corresponding v., a vaccine prepared from bac- 
teria of the species causing the disease, but not 
from the patient himself. Dessy's V., a vaccine 
for typhoid fever composed of over forty strains of 
Bacterium typhosum grown for forty-eight hours 
on alkaline agar and emulsified in normal saline 
solution, detoxicated v., a vaccine whose toxic 
properties have been removed; the non-toxic 
fraction of a vaccine. Friedlander's v., one 
prepared from the Friedlander bacillus: used in 
chronic nasal catarrh and chronic gleet. Gay and 
Claypool's v., a mixed polyvalent typhoid vac- 
cine, sensitized by an antityphoid serum, killed 
and precipitated by alcohol' and extracted with 
carbolated saline solution to remove endotoxins. 
The dried residue is used as a typhoid prophylactic 
in doses of 0.1 mg. Gilman-Coca v., a cancer 
vaccine consisting of an emulsion of the living 
tumor cells of the patient removed at operation, 
glycerinated v., a serum purified by treatment 
with glycerin. Haffkine's v. 1. Old sterile 
bouillon cultures of Pasteurella pestis injected to 
prevent plague. 2. Live attenuated cultures of 
Vibrio cholera injected to prevent Asiatic cholera, 
heterogenous v., one prepared from material 
taken from some other individual than the one 
who is to be inoculated with it. homologous v. 
Same as autogenous v. humanized v., vaccine 
obtained from vaccinia vesicles in man. killed v. 
See under bacterial v. Kolle's plague v., 
sterile suspensions of Pasteurella pestis. The germs 
are grown on agar and killed by heating to 700 C. 
for one hour. Kolle and Strong's v., consists 
of living cultures of Pasteurella pestis of greatly 
reduced virulence, lipodysentery v., a lipo- 
vaccine for dysentery, lipopneumococcus v., 
a lipovaccine for pneumococcus infection, living 
v. See under bacterial v. Lustig and Galeot- 
ti's V., a sterile preparation of the plague germs. 
They are dissolved in a 1 per cent, solution of caustic 
soda which is then neutralized with 1 per cent, 
acetic acid. The precipitate is dried and dis- 
solved in weak sodium bicarbonate solution. The 
dose is 0.0133 gm- of the dry precipitate, v - 
lymph, v.-virus. Same as vaccine. Marx's 
V., an antityphoid vaccine, mixed V., a bacterial 
vaccine prepared for more than one species of bac- 
teria. multipartial v. Same as polyvalent v. 
multivalent v. Same as polyvalent v. Nicolle 
and Blaizot's v. See dmegon. paratyphoid 
v., a vaccine similar to typhoid vaccine but made 
VACCINE 
1215 
VACUOLAR 
from cultures of Bacterium paratyphosum, A and B. 
polyvalent v., a bacterial vaccine made from 
cultures of several strains of the same species of 
bacteria. Ponndorf's V., a mixed vaccine con- 
taining tuberculin and streptococcus components, 
pure v. See univalent v. v.-rash. See vaccina- 
tion. sensitized v., a vaccine consisting of 
living bacteria which have been immersed in 
their specific immune serum. Such a vaccine is 
believed to cause no negative phase, but only a 
slight local reaction and to facilitate antibody 
formation. Called also serobacterin. stock v., 
a vaccine made from cultures constantly kept on 
hand in the laboratory. Temi and Bandi's v., 
the peritoneal exudate of rabbits or guinea-pigs 
which have been inoculated with Pasteurella 
pestis. At death the exudate is removed, incu- 
bated, heated to kill the germs, and a preservative 
added, typhoid v., a suspension of killed cul- 
tures of Bacterium typhosum in physiologic salt 
solution or in oils. It- has been extensively used as 
a prophylactic against typhoid fever in armies 
since the Boer War and among civilians. The 
standard doses are: for the first dose, 500 million 
germs, and for the second and third doses, 1000 
million each, univalent v., a vaccine con- 
taining only one variety of organism in pure 
culture. Called also pure v. Vincent's v., a 
typhoid vaccine containing ten strains of the 
typhoid bacillus, von Ruck's v., a preparation 
containing in each cubic centimeter 10 mg. of the 
protein of tubercle bacilli and a small amount of 
fatty extractives: used for immunizing against 
tuberculosis. Wright's V., a monovalent typhoid 
vaccine containing only one strain, the Rawling 
strain. 
vaccinella (vak-sin-el'ah). A spurious and inef- 
fective form of vaccinia. 
vaccinia (vak-sin'e-ah) [L., from vac'ca cow]. 
Cowpox; a disease of cattle regarded as a form 
of smallpox. When communicated to man, 
usually by vaccination, it confers a greater or less 
degree of immunity against smallpox. The 
course of the disease in man is described under 
vaccination. 
vaccinifer (vak-sin'if-er) [vaccine + L. jer're to 
carry]. The individual from whom a vaccine is 
taken. 
vacciniform (vak-sin'if-orm). Resembling vac- 
nia, or cowpox. 
vaccinin (vak'sin-in). The inoculable principle 
by which cowpox is communicated. 
vaccininum (vak-sin-i'num). A homeopathic 
remedy prepared from vaccine virus. 
vacciniola (vak-sin-e-o'lah) [diminutive of vac- 
cinia}. A secondary form of vesicle appearing 
after vaccination, and resembling the rash of 
smallpox. 
vaccinization (vak" sin-iz-a'shun). Vaccination 
persistently repeated until the virus has no per- 
ceptible effect. 
vaccinogen (vak-sin'o-jen). A source from which 
vaccine is derived. 
vaccinogenous (vak-sin-oj'en-us). Producing vac- 
cine. 
vaccinoid (vak'sin-oid). Spurious or modified 
vaccinia. 
vaccinophobia (vak"sin-o-fo'be-ah) [vaccine + 
Gr. <p60os fear]. Perverse and morbid dread of 
vaccination. 
vaccinostyle (vak-sin'o-stil). A small lance used in 
vaccination. 
vaccinosyphilis (vak"sin-o-sif'il-is). Syphilis 
following inoculation with impure vaccine. 
vaccinotherapeutics, vaccinotherapy (vak"- 
sin-o-ther-ap-u'tiks, -ther'ap-e). Therapeutic use 
of bacterial vaccines. 
vacuolar (vak'u-o-lar). Pertaining to^a vacuole; 
characterized by the presence of vacuoles. vacuolated (vak'u-o-la-ted). Pertaining to or 
characterized by vacuoles. 
vacuolation (vak"u-o-la'shun). The process of 
forming vacuoles; the condition of being vac- 
uolated. 
vacuole (vak'u-bl) [L. vac'uus empty]. Any space 
or cavity formed in the protoplasm of a cell. 
Barrier's v's, peribronchitic abscesses, con- 
tractile V., a small cavity containing watery 
fluid, seen in the protoplasm of certain unicellular 
organisms. It gradually increases in size and then 
collapses. Its function is thought to be respiratory 
or excretory. 
vacuolization (vak"u-o-liz-a'shun). Same as vacu- 
olation. 
vacuum (vak'u-um) [LJ. A space devoid of air or 
of other gas; a space from which the air has been 
exhausted, high v., a vacuum in which the 
attenuation is extreme, torricellian v., the 
vacuum in a barometric tube, uteroplacental 
V., the vacuum between the placenta and the wall 
of the uterus, produced by traction for detachment 
of the placenta. 
vadum (va'durn) [L. " ford "]. An elevation 
within a cerebral fissure, rendering it more or less 
shallow. 
vagabonds' disease or pigmentation (vag'ab- 
ondz). See under disease. 
vagal (va'gal). Pertaining to the vagus nerve. 
vagi (va'gi). Plural of vagus. 
vagina (vaj-i'nah) [LJ. 1. A sheath. 2. The 
canal from the slit of the vulva to the cervix 
uteri which receives the penis in copulation. In 
the virgin adult it is 2 to 25 inches on the anterior 
wall, 3 to 32 inches on the posterior wall. The 
anterior and posterior walls are in contact. Its 
upper extremity embraces the cervix uteri, the pos- 
terior wall reaching the cervix higher up than does 
the anterior wall. Anteriorly and posteriorly there 
are a median ridge and the columnae vaginae, and 
running out from the columnae on either side are 
transverse folds or rugae. The hymen is a cres- 
centic or circular mucous fold which constricts its 
entrance. When the hymen is ruptured, warty 
eminences mark its site-the carunculae myrti- 
formes. The vagina has three coats: 1. Outer, 
■or fibro-elastic. 2. Middle, or muscular. 3. 
Mucous, or internal. The circular muscular 
fibers near the entrance constitute the vaginal 
sphincter, v. bul'bi, the capsule of Tenon, 
v. cellulo'sa, the connective-tissue sheath of a 
nerve or muscle, v. cor'dis, the pericardium. 
V. fem'oris, the fascia lata of the thigh, v. 
fibro sa tendin'is [B N A], the fibrous sheath of 
a tendon, vagi'nae fix'ura. Same as vagino- 
fixation. V. muco'sa, a synovial sheath, v. 
muco'sa ten'dinis [B N A], a vaginal synovial 
membrane, v. mus'culi rec'ti abdom inis, 
the sheath of the rectus, vagi'nae ner'vi op'- 
tici [B N A], the sheaths of the optic nerve, v. 
oc'uli, Tenon's capsule, v. pi'li, a hair-sheath, 
v. proces'sus styloi'dei [B N A], the vaginal 
process of the temporal bone. v. synovia'lis, a 
synovial sheath, v. ten'dinis [B N A], the sheath 
of a tendon. 
vaginal (vaj'in-al). 1. Of the nature of a sheath; 
ensheathing. 2. Pertaining to the vagina. 
vaginalectomy (vaj"in-al-ek'to-me). Same as 
vaginectomy. 
vaginalitis (vaj"in-al-i'tis). Inflammation of the 
tunica vaginalis testis. 
vaginapexy (vaj-in-ap-eks'e). Same as colpopexy. 
vaginate (vaj'in-at) [L. vagina'tus sheathed]. 
Provided with a sheath. 
vaginectomy (vaj-in-ek'to-me). Resection of the 
tunica vaginalis. 
vaginicoline (vaj-in-ik'o-lin) [L. vagi'na sheath 
+ co'lere to inhabit]. Living in the vagina: used 
of certain microorganisms. 
VACUOLATED 
1216 
vaginismus (vaj-in-iz'mus) [LJ. Painful spasm 
of the vagina due to local hyperesthesia. It is 
distinguished as superficial and deep, accord- 
ing as the seat is at the entrance of the vagina, 
or probably in the bulbocavernosus muscle, or 
in the levator ani muscle, mental v., extreme 
aversion to coitus on the part of a woman, at- 
tended with contraction of the muscles when the 
act is attempted, perineal v., spasm of the 
perineal muscles, posterior v., vaginismus 
caused by spasm of the levator ani muscle, vul- 
var v., vaginismus caused by spasm of the con- 
strictor vaginae muscle. 
vaginitis (vaj-in-i'tis) [vagina + Gr. -ins inflam- 
mation], i. Inflammation of the vagina. It is 
marked by pain and by a purulent leukorrheal 
discharge. 2. Inflammation of a sheath. V. 
adhee'siva. See senile v. contagious granu- 
lar v. Same as v. verruca'sa. diphtheric v., 
diphtheric inflammation of the vagina, em- 
physematous V., a variety marked by the forma- 
tion of gas in the meshes of the connective tissue. 
Called also gaseous v. granular v., the most 
common variety, in which the papilla; are enlarged 
and infiltrated with small cells, senile v., 
vaginitis occurring in old age and marked by the 
formation of raw patches, which often adhere 
(y. adhcesi'va) to apposed surfaces, causing ob- 
literation of the vaginal canal. V. tes'tis, peri- 
didymitis. v. verruco'sa, an infectious inflam- 
mation of the vagina in cows, prevalent in European 
countries, and caused by the streptococcus of 
Ostertag. Called also colpitis granulosa. 
vagino-abdominal (vaj"in-o-ab-dom'in-al). Per- 
taining to the vagina and the abdomen. 
vaginocele (vaj'in-o-sel) [vagina + Gr. her- 
nia]. Colpocele. 
vaginodynia (vaj"in-o-din'e-ah) [vagina + Gr. 
68vvr) pain]. Pain in the vagina. 
vaginofixation (vaj"in-o-fiks-a'shun). 1. The 
fixation of an abnormally movable vagina. 2. The 
suturing of the fundus of the uterus to the vaginal 
peritoneum in cases of retroflexion. Called also 
vaginal hysteropexy. 
vaginolabial (vaj"in-o-la'be-al). Pertaining to the 
vagina and the labia. 
vaginometer (vaj-in-om'et-er) [vagina + Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the length 
and diameter of the vagina. 
vaginomycosis (vaj"in-o-mi-ko'sis) [vagina + 
Gr. pvKt)s fungus]. A diseased state of the vagina 
due to a plant-growth, chiefly Lep'tothrix vagina'- 
lis. 
vaginoperitoneal (vaj"in-o-per"it-o-ne'al). Per- 
taining to the vagina and peritoneum. 
vaginopexy (va-ji'no-peks-e) [vagina + Gr. irrj^is 
fixation]. The operation of suturing the vagina to 
the abdominal wall in cases of vaginal relaxation. 
vaginoplasty (vaj-i'no-plas-te) [vagina + Gr. 
irXaaaeiv to form]. Plastic surgery on the vagina. 
vaginoscope (vaj'in-o-skop) [vagina + aKoiretv 
to view], A vaginal speculum. 
vaginotome (vaj-i'no-tom). An instrument for in- 
cision or division of the vagina. 
vaginotomy (vaj-in-ot'o-me) [vagina + Gr. repi'fiv 
to cut]. Surgical incision of the vaginal wall. 
vaginovesical (vaj"in-o-ves'ik-al). Pertaining to 
the vagina and bladder. 
vaginovulvar (vaj"in-o-vul'var). Vulvovaginal, 
vagitis (va-gi'tis). Inflammation of the vagus, 
vagitus (vaj'it-us) [LJ. The cry of an infant. V. 
uteri'nus, the crying of a child at or just before 
birth, v. vagina'lis, the crying of a child while 
its head is still within the vagina. 
vago-accessorius (va"go-ak-ses-o're-us) [L.]. The 
vagus and accessory portion of the spinal acces- 
sory nerves regarded as together forming one 
nerve. 
VAGO-ACCESSORIUS VAGOGLOSSOPHARYNGEAL 
1217 
VALSALVA'S EXPERIMENT 
vagoglossopharyngeal (va"go-glos"o-far-in'je- 
al). Pertaining to the vagus and glossopharyngeal 
nerves. 
vagolysis (va-gol'is-is) [vagus + Gr. Xvais loosing]. 
The operation of tearing off the esophageal branches 
of the vagus from the esophagus for the relief of 
cardiospasm. 
vagomimetic (va"go-mim-et'ik). Having an effect 
which resembles that of stimulated vagus action. 
vagosympathetic (va"go-sim-path-et'ik). The 
vagus and cervical sympathetic together. 
vagotomy (va-got'o-me) [L. va'gus wandering + 
Gr. repveLv to cut]. The operation of cutting the 
vagus nerve. 
vagotonia, vagotony (va-go-to'ne-ah, va-got'o-ne) 
[vagus + Gr. tovos tension]. Irritability of the 
vagus nerve. 
vagotonic (vag-o-ton'ik). Pertaining to or charac- 
terized by vagotonia. 
vagotrope (va'go-trop). Same as vagotropic. 
vagotropic (va-go-trop'ik). Having an effect on 
the vagus nerve. 
vagotropism (va-got'ro-pizm) [vagus 4- Gr. rpo-irq a 
turning]. Affinity of a drug or poison for the vagus 
nerve. 
vagrant (va'grant) [L. va'grans, from vaga're to wan- 
der], 1. Wandering; moving from one place to 
another. 2. A vagabond. 
vagus (va'gus) [L. "wandering"], pl. va'gi. The pneu- 
mogastric nerve. See nerves, table of. v. area, 
an area on the floor of the fourth ventricle in which 
the vagus nerve has its origin, v. pneumonia. 
See pneumonia. 
Vahlkampfia (vahl-kamp'fe-ah). A genus of 
amebse in which there is no flagellate stage of 
development. 
valamin (val'am-in). The valerian ester of 
amylene hydrate, (CHs^^Ho.CO.O.CgHg. It has 
hypnotic and sedative properties. 
valence, valency (va'lens, va'len-se) [L. valen'- 
tia strength]. The power possessed by an element 
or radical of combining with hydrogen or of re- 
placing it in a chemical compound. Cf. quantiv- 
alence. N. value, the number obtained by multi- 
plying the lowering of the freezing-point in degrees 
by the amount of urine in cubic centimeters. 
valent (va'lent). See quantivalent. 
Valentin's corpuscles, ganglion (val'en-tinz) 
[Gabriel Gustav Valentin, German physician, 1810- 
1883; or Michael Bernard Valentin, a German 
naturalist, 1657-1726]. See corpuscle, ganglion. 
Valentine's position (val'en-tinz) [Ferdinand C. 
Valentine, surgeon in New York, 1851-1909]. See 
position. 
valeral, valeraldehyd (val'e-ral, val-e-ral'de-hid). 
A mobile liquid, (C4H9.CHO), with an irritating 
odor. Produced by oxidization of amyl alcohol. 
valerate (val'er-at). Valerianate. 
valerene (val'er-en). See amylene. 
valerian (va-le're-an) [L. Valeria'na[. Any plant 
of the genus V aleria'na. The roots and rhizome 
of Valeria'na officinalis, of Europe, are anti- 
spasmodic and nerve stimulant, and are used in 
nervousness and hysteria. Dose of abstract, 
5-15 gr. (0.333-1 gm.); of extract, 5-10 gr. (0.333- 
0.666 gm.); of fluidextract, 10-30 min. (0.666-2 c.c.); 
of volatile oil, 2-5 min. (0.133-0.333 c.c.); of tinc- 
ture, 5-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.); of ammoniated tincture, 
5-2 dr. (2-8 c.c.). Greek v., the European plant, 
Polemo'nium caru'leum, or Jacob's-ladder: used as 
an application to ulcers, and vaunted as a cure for 
hydrophobia. 
valerianate (va-le're-an-at). Any salt of valeri- 
anic acid. 
valerianic acid (val-e-re-an'ik). See acid. 
valeric (val-e'rik). A preparation of valerian, 
valeridin (val-er'id-in). A crystalline valerian 
and phenidin preparation, isovalerylparaphene- 
tidin, C6H4(OC2H5)NH.CO.C4Hg, occurring in 
white needles: a nerve sedative. Dose, 8-15 gr. 
(0.5-1 gm.). 
valerobromin (val"er-o-bro'min). A proprietary 
salt containing valeric acid and bromids: used in 
neurasthenia, epilepsy, insomnia, and nervous 
disorders. 
valerol (val'er-ol). A clear oily substance, C13- 
H1cO2(CsH10O), from valerian. It has a strong, 
unpleasant odor. 
valerydin (val-er'id-in). Valeridin. 
valerylene (val'er-il-en). A hydrocarbon of the 
acetylene series, CHs.CiCiCjHs. 
valeryloxybutyrein (val"er-il-oks"e-bu-ter-e'in). 
Same as quietol. 
valetudinarian (val"e-tu-din-a're-an) [L. valetu- 
dina'rius]. An invalid; a feeble person. 
valetudinarianism (val"e-tu-din-a're-an-izm). 
An infirm or feeble habit of body. 
valgoid (val'goid) [valgus + Gr. el8os form]. Re- 
sembling the valgus. 
valgus (val'gus) [L.]. 1. Same as talipes valgus. 
2. Knock-kneed; a knock-kneed person, spuri- 
ous V., splay-foot; a flat, broad foot. 
validol (val'id-ol). A clear, syrupy liquid, C4H9- 
CO2Cj0Hi9, the valeric-acid ester of menthol: 
analeptic and antihysteric. Dose, 3-5 min. (0.18- 
0.333 c.c.). camphorated v., a solution of 
camphor in validol. 
valin (val'in). An amino-acid produced by the diges- 
tion or hydrolytic decomposition of proteins. It is 
alpha-amino-isovalerianic acid, (CHsh-CH.CH- 
(NH2).COOH. 
valisan (val'is-an). Same as brovalol. 
vallate (val'at) [L. valla' tus walled]. Having 
a wall or rim; cup-shaped. 
vallecula (val-ek'u-lah) [L. "a depression"]. 1. 
Any depression or furrow. 2. The glosso-epi- 
glottidean pouch, v. cerebel'li [B N A], the 
longitudinal fissure of the cerebellum, v. epi- 
glot'tica [B N A], a depression between the lat- 
eral and median glosso-epiglottic folds on each side, 
v. ova'ta, the fissure of the liver which contains 
the gall-bladder, v. syl'vii, a depression of the 
surface of the fetal brain which becomes developed 
into the fissure of Sylvius. V. un'guis, the socket 
for the root of the nail. 
valledol (val'ed-ol). A preparation of the gum of 
mistletoe berries: used in menstrual disorders 
and postpartum hemorrhage. Dose, 1 gr. (0.6 
gm.), several times daily; subcutaneously, gr. 
(0.001 gm.). 
Valleix's points (vahl-az') [Francois Louis Valleix, 
French physician, 1807-1855]. See under point. 
Vallet's mass (val-az'). Mass of iron carbonate. 
valley of the cerebellum (val'e). See vallecula 
cerebelli. 
Valli-Ritter law (val-e-ric'er). See Ritter-Valli 
law, under law. 
vallis (val'is) [L. " valley "]. The vallecula cere- 
belli. 
val'lum un'guis [L.]. [B N A] The wall of a nail, 
valofin (val'o-fin). A proprietary analgesic prep- 
aration consisting of a distillate of valerian root 
and peppermint leaves. 
valoid (val'oid) [L. vale're to be equal]. A fluid- 
extract equal weights of which and of the drug 
from which it is prepared contain an equal amount 
of the active principle of the drug. Called also 
equivalent extract. 
valonia (val-o'ne-ah) [Itai, vallonia; Gr. fia.Xa.vos 
acorn]. The acorn-cups of Que/cus a'gilops: 
strongly astringent. 
Valsalva's experiment (val-sal'vahz) [named from 
Antonio Maria Valsalva, an Italian anatomist, 
1666-1723]. Inflation of the eustachian tube by 
closing the nose and mouth and employing a 
forcible expiration. V's sinus. See sinus. VALSOL 
1218 
VAN GEHUCHTEN'S METHOD 
valsol (val'sol). An ointment-base; a mixture of 
the various oxygenized solid hydrocarbons. 
value, buffer. The ability of a fluid such as the 
blood to absorb small amounts of acids or of 
alkalies without much change in its hydrogen-ion 
concentration, globular v., the percentage of 
hemoglobin in a red corpuscle. It is represented by 
a fraction, the numerator of which represents the 
quantity of hemoglobin and the denominator the 
amount of the red corpuscles, liminal v., 
threshold v., that intensity of a stimulus which 
produces a just noticeable impression. 
valval, valvar (val'val, val'var). Pertaining to a 
valve. 
valvate (val'vat). Pertaining to or having valves. 
valve (valv) [L. val'va], A fold in a canal or passage 
which prevents the reflux of its contents: it is in 
three segments. Amussat's v's. Same as Heister's 
v's. aortic v., the semilunar valve at the aortic 
orifice of the heart, auriculoventricular v's, 
the mitral and tricuspid valves of the heart. 
Bauhin's v., the ileocecal valve. Beraud's v., 
a valve said to occur at the bottom of the lacrimal 
sac, over the entrance to the nasal duct, bi- 
cuspid v's, the valves between the left auricle and 
left ventricle. Bochdalek's v., a fold within the 
lacrimal duct near the punctum lacrimale. caval 
V., eustachian valve. V. of colon, the ileocecal 
valve, coronary v., the valve at the entrance of 
the coronary sinus into the right auricle, eusta- 
chian v., a semilunar fold within the right auricle 
of the heart, between the orifice of the postcava 
and the auriculoventricular opening. Foltz's V. 
[J. C. E. Foltz, French ophthalmic surgeon, 1822- 
1876], the fold of membrane at the lacrimal canalic- 
ulus. Gerlach's v., a circular fold which some- 
times surrrounds the orifice of the vermiform ap- 
pendix. Guerin's v. Same as valvula fossce na- 
vicularis. Hasner's v., a kind of valve at the 
meatal end of the nasal duct. Heister's v's, 
folds of the mucosa in the cystic duct and in the 
neck of the gall-bladder. Houston's v's, folds 
of mucous membrane in the rectum. Huschke's 
V., a crescentic fold in the lacrimal duct near its 
junction with the lacrimal sac. ileocecal v., 
the fold at the junction of the ileum and cecum. 
Called also v. of Bauhin and valvula coli (B. N. A.), 
v. of inferior vena cava. Same as eustachian 
v. Kerkring's v's, the valvulas conniventes. 
Krause's v. See Beraud's v. Mercier's v., 
a fold which sometimes partially closes the vesical 
orifice of the ureter, mitral v's, the valves be- 
tween the left auricle and the left ventricle. Mor- 
gagni's v's, the folds of the rectal mucosa which 
form the sinuses of Morgagni. O'Beirne's v., 
O'Beime's sphincter. See under sphincter, pul- 
monary V., the valve at the junction of the pul- 
monary artery and the right ventricle, pyloric v., 
the mucous fold at the pylorus. Rosenmuller's 
V. See Huschke's v. semilunar v's, the valves 
which guard the entrances to the aorta (aortic semi- 
lunar v.) and the pulmonary artery (pulmonic semi- 
lunar v.). spiral v. of Heister. See Heister's v's. 
Taillefer's v., a fold of the mucous membrane 
of the nasal duct near the middle of its course. 
Tarinus' v. See velum medullare posticum. 
v.-test. See test.. Thebesius'v's, the coronary 
valves, tricuspid v's, the valves which control 
the opening from the right auricle to the right 
ventricle, v. of Tulpius, the ileocecal valve. 
V. of Varolius, the ileocecal valve, v. of 
Vieussens, the superior medullary velum; the 
transparent roof of the anterior part of the fourth 
ventricle. Willis' v., the valve of Vieussens. 
valved (val'vd). Having valves; opening by valves, 
valviform (val'vif-orm) [L. val'va valve + fo/ma 
shape]. Shaped like a valve. 
valvotomy (val-vot'o-me) [L. val'va valve + Gr. row 
cut]. The operation of cutting a valve; especially, 
Houston's valves of the rectum. 
valvula (val'vu-lah), pl. val'vulce [L.]. A little 
valve, v. co'li [B N A], the ileocecal valve. See 
valve, val'vulae conniven'tes [L. "closing 
valves"], the transverse mucous folds in the small 
intestine, v. foram'inis ova'lis [BN A], a fold 
extending into the left auricle from the edge of the 
foramen ovale of the fetus, v. fos sae navicula'- 
ris [B N A], a fold of mucous membrane occasion- 
ally occurring in the roof of the fossa navicularis of 
the urethra. Called also Guerin's fold or valve. V. 
mitra'lis, mitral valve, v. proces sus vermi- 
for'mis [B N A], a fold of mucous membrane at 
the opening into the cecurp of the canal of the 
vermiform appendix, v. pylo'ri [B N A]. See 
pyloric valve, v. semiluna'ris [B N A], the semi- 
lunar valve, v. si'nus corona'rii [thebe'sii] 
[B N A], the coronary valve. See under valve. 
V. spiralis [B N A], Heister's valve. See valve. 
v. tricuspida'lis [B N A], the tricuspid valve, 
val'vulae vagi nae, the hymen, v. ve'nae ca'- 
vae [eustach'ii], See eustachian valve, under 
valve, v. vestib'uli sinis'tra, one of the two 
thin folds bordering the opening of the venous sinus 
reuniens into the right auricle of the embryonic 
heart. It disappears, but the other fold develops 
into the eustachian and thebesian valves. 
valvular (val'vu-lar). Pertaining to, affecting, or 
of the nature of, a valve. 
valvulitis (val-vu-li'tis). Inflammation of a valve 
or valvula, especially a valve of the heart. 
valvulotomy (val-vu-lot'o-me). Valvotomy. 
valyl (val'il). Valerianic acid diethylamid, CH3- 
(CH2)3.CO.N(C2H6)2, a liquid with a strong odor: 
used in hysteria and other nervous disorders. 
Daily dose, 2-5 min. (0.12-0.33 c.c.). 
valylene (val'il-en). A hydrocarbon, C5H6. 
valzin (val'zin). Same as sucrol. 
vamianine (vam-e-an'in). A proprietary prepara- 
tion for the treatment of syphilis and chronic 
skin affections. 
vampire (vam'pir). A blood-sucking bat, Desma'- 
dus ru'fus; also Diphyl'la ecauda'ta, a bat of sim- 
ilar habits; both South American. 
vampirism (vam'pTr-izm). Violation of a corpse, 
either by sexual intercourse with it (necrophily) 
or by mutilation for the purpose of exciting sexual 
feelings (necrosadism). 
vanadarsin (van-ad-ar'sin). A proprietary vana- 
dium arsenic preparation. 
vanadate (van'ad-at). Any salt of vanadic acid. 
vanadin (van'ad-in). A proprietary solution 
said to contain vahadium and sodium chlorate; 
antiseptic: used in tuberculosis. Dose, 2-10 min. 
(0.12-0.666 c.c.). 
vanadium (van-a'de-um) [Vanadis, a Norse deity]. 
A rare, gray, metallic element; symbol, V.; atomic 
weight, 51. 
vanadiumism (van-a'de-um-izm). A chronic in- 
toxication caused by absorption of vanadium: seen 
in workers in that metal or its compounds. 
vanadozon (van-ad'o-zon). A preparation of van- 
adic anhydrid and sodium chlorid. 
van Buren's disease (van bu'renz) [William 
Holme van Buren, American surgeon, 1819-1883]. 
Hardening of the corpora cavernosa. 
van Deen's test [Izaak van Deen, Dutch physician, 
1804-1869]. See Deen's test, under tests. 
Vandellia (van-del'e-ah) [after one Vandelli]. A 
genus of scrophularinaceous herbs. V. diffu'sa, a 
South American plant, is purgative, emetic, chol- 
agogue, and antipyretic. 
van der Velden's test (van der vel'denz) [Rein- 
hardt van der Velden, German physician, bom 
1851]. See under tests. 
van Ermengem's stain (van er'meng-ems) [Emile 
P. van Ermengem, Belgian bacteriologist, born 
1851]. See under stains, table of. 
van Gehuchten's method (van-ga-hook'tenz) 
[Arthur van Gehuchten, Belgian anatomist, 1861- 
1915]. See method. VANGHETTI'S PROSTHESIS 
1219 
Vanghetti's prosthesis (vahn-get'ez). See 
prosthesis. 
van Gieson's stain (van ge'sonz) [Ira van Gieson, 
New York neuropathologist, 1865-1913]. See 
under stains, table of. 
van Hook's operation [Weller van Hook, Chicago 
surgeon, contemporary]. Uretero-ureterostomy. 
van Hoorne's canal (van horn) [Jean van Hoorne, 
Dutch anatomist, 1621-1670]. The thoracic duct. 
Vanilla (van-il'ah) [LJ. A genus of climbing 
orchidaceous plants of hot climates. The fruit of 
V. planifo'lia, of Mexico, are the vanilla-beans, 
which contain vanilla and are used as a flavor and 
a mild stimulant: it is said to be aphrodisiac, 
false V., a fragrant North American composite- 
flowered plant, Lia'tris odoratis'sima: used in 
making toilet-waters and in flavoring tobacco. 
Vanillin (van-il'in). An aromatic, crystallizable 
principle, CHaO.CeHXOHj.CHO, from vanilla. 
It may be prepared from eugenol and from coni- 
ferin. and is soluble in alcohol, ether, glycerin, and 
chloroform, but only slightly in water. It is used 
as a flavoring agent and gastric stimulant. V.- 
paraphenetidin, a crystalline derivative of 
vanillin and paraphenetidin, CHsO.CgHXOH).- 
CH.N.C6H4.OC2H5, styptic, antineuralgic, and 
hypnotic. 
vanillism (van-il'izm). Dermatitis, coryza, and 
malaise from handling vanilla. 
Vanin plague. See parangi. 
vanoline (van'o-lin). A proprietary remedy for 
skin diseases. 
van Slyke's formula, method (van-silks') [D.D. 
van Slyke, contemporary American physician]. See 
under formula and method. 
van Swieten's solution (van swe'tenz) [Gerard 
van Swieten, Dutch physician, 1700-1772]. See 
under solution. 
van't Hoff's law (vant hof') [Jacobus Hendricus 
van't Hoff, Dutch chemist in Berlin, 1852-1911]. 
See under law. 
Vanzetti's sign (vahn-tset'ez) [Tito Vanzetti, 
Italian surgeon, 1809-1888]. See under sign. 
vapo-aural massage (va-po-aw'ral). A vapor 
and massage treatment for the ear. 
vapocain (va-po-ka'in). A proprietary toothache 
cure containing 15 per cent, of cocain hydro- 
chlorid. 
vapocauterization (va"po-kaw"ter-iz-a'shun). 
Cauterization by means of steam or other hot 
vapor. 
vapocresolin (va-po-kres'o-lin). An antiseptic 
remedy for the treatment of diphtheria and whoop- 
ing-cough by inhalation. It contains cresols, 
which are volatilized by heat. 
vapopulmonary massage (va-po-pul'mo-na-re). 
A massage and vapor treatment for the lungs. 
vapor (va'por), pl. vapo'res [LJ; English pl. va'pors. 
A Latin word signifying steam, gas, or exhalation. 
vaporarium (va-por-a're-um) [LJ. An apparatus 
for treating certain diseases by the local applica- 
tion of heat and cold. 
vaporish (va'por-ish). Splenetic or hysteric. 
vaporium (va-po're-um) [LJ. An apparatus for 
treating disease by the local application of heat 
or cold. 
vaporization (va"por-iz-a'shun). 1. The conver- 
sion of a solid or liquid into a vapor without 
chemic change. 2. Treatment by vapors. 
vaporize (va'por-iz). To convert into vapor or 
to be transformed into vapor. 
Vapor ole (va'po-rol). A glass capsule containing 
a single dose of a volatile drug, the vapor of which 
is to be inhaled. 
vapors (va'perz). Hypochondriasis or hysteric 
depression of spirits. 
Vaquez's disease (vak-az') [H. Vaquez, contem- 
porary French physician]. See under disease. 
var. Abbreviation for variety. 
varalette (var-al-et'). A proprietary form of com- 
pressed effervescent tablet. 
vargo1 (var'gol). A proprietary preparation of silver 
and a derived albumin: used in io to 25 per cent, 
solution in gonorrhea, conjunctivitis, laryngitis, 
etc. 
variable (va're-ab-1) [in statistics]. One of the 
separate numeric values from which a curve of 
variability can be constructed. 
variate, (va'ri-at). See variable. 
variation (va-re-a'shun). Deviation in characters 
in an individual from those typical of the group 
to which it belongs; also, deviation in characters 
of the offspring from those of its parents, con- 
tinuous v., a series of small variations, in- 
born V., one which arises from changes in the 
germ and not from the somatic cells, meristic 
V., variation in the number of parts in the offspring. 
varication (var-ik-a'shun). 1. The formation of a 
varix. 2. A varicose condition. 
varicella (var-is-el'ah) [L.]. Chickenpox; an 
acute contagious disease, principally of young 
children, marked by slight fever and an eruption- 
of macular vesicles, which appear in crops, and 
are superficial and rarely umbilicated. They 
rarely become pustular, but dry up, and are only 
occasionally followed by scars. The duration of the 
disease is about a week, during which time it runs 
a very mild course. V. gangraeno'sa, a rare form 
of chickenpox in which the eruption leads to a 
gangrenous ulceration. Called also dermatitis 
gangrcenosa infantum. V. inocula'ta, the in- 
oculation of children with virus from a fresh clear 
vesicle of chickenpox; usually no general symp- 
toms develop, pustular v., varioloid, vac- 
cination v. Same as v. inoculata. 
varicellation (var-is-el-a'shun). Prophylactic in- 
oculation with the virus of varicella. 
varicelliform (var-is-el'if-orm). Shaped like the 
vesicles of varicella. 
varicelloid (var-is-el'oid) [varicella + Gr. eVios 
form]. Resembling varicella. 
varices (var'is-es) [L.]. Plural of varix. 
variciform (var-is'if-orm) [L. va'rix varix -f- for1 ma 
form]. Resembling a varix; varicose. 
varicoblepharon (var"ik-o-blef'ar-on) [L. va'rix 
varix + Gr. [3Xe<papov eyelid]. A varicose swell- 
ing of the eyelid. 
varicocele (vaPik-o-sel) [L. va'rix varix 4- Gr. 
KqXi] tumor]. A varicose condition of the veins 
of the spermatic cord, forming a swelling that 
feels like a bag of worms, and accompanied by a. 
dragging pain, ovarian V., a varicose state of 
the veins of the broad ligament, utero-ovarian 
V., a varicose condition of the veins of the pam- 
piniform plexus of the female. 
varicocelectomy (var"ik-o-se-lek'to-me) [varico- 
cele + Gr. eKTo/xr) excision]. The excision of a 
part of the scrotum and the enlarged veins for 
varicocele. 
varicoid (var'ik-oid) [L. va'rix varix + Gr. el5o$ 
form]. Resembling a varix. 
varicole (vaPik-ol). 1. Same as varicocele, 2. 
Bismuth iodoresorcin sulphonate, used in the form 
of suppositories for hemorrhoids. 
varicomphalus (var-ik-om'fal-us) [L. va'rix swollen 
vein + Gr bp<paXbs navel]. A varicose tumor at 
the navel. 
varicose (variik-os) [L. varico'sus]. Of the nature 
of or pertaining to a varix; unnaturally swollen: 
said of a vein. 
varicosis (var-ik-o'sis) [LJ. A varicose condition 
of the veins of any part. 
varicosity (var-ik-os'it-e). 1. A varicose condition; 
the quality or fact of being varicose. 2. A varix 
or varicose vein. 
VARICOSITY VARICOTOMY 
varicotomy (var-ik-ot'o-me) [L. va'rix varix + 
Gr. renveiv to cut]. The excision of a varix or 
of a varicose vein. 
varicula (var-ik'u-lah) [LJ. A varix of the con- 
junctiva. 
variola (var-i'o-lah) [LJ. Smallpox; an acute in- 
fectious disease characterized by vomiting, lum- 
bar pains, an eruption which is first papular, 
; then vesicular, and finally pustular, and by fever 
which is marked by a distinct remission, be- 
ginning with the eruption and continuing until the 
latter becomes pustular. The disease may be due 
to a chlamydozoan. The period of incubation is 
about twelve days, and the eruption consists 
in infiltration of cells into the skin, which cells 
undergo liquefaction, with the production of 
suppuration. The eruption begins about the 
third or fourth day, with the formation of small 
red spots on the forehead, face, and wrists. 
These change into smooth, round papules, which 
feel like shot under the skin. This eruption 
spreads over the body, and about the third day 
the papules become converted into vesicles with 
a depression or umbilication at the top. The 
vesicles gradually become converted into pustules, 
which increase in size and dry up and break, form- 
ing soft, yellow crusts, which have a peculiar 
offensive odor. After a week the scabs fall off, 
leaving pitted scars or pock-marks, black V. 
Same as hemorrhagic v. bovine v. Same as 
vaccinia, coherent v., a kind in which the 
pustules cohere at the edges, but do not become 
confluent, confluent v., a severe form in which 
the pustules become more or less confluent. V. 
crystalli'na, chickenpox, discrete v., a form 
in which the pustules remain more or less distinct, 
equine v. See equinia. hemorrhagic v., a 
form in which hemorrhage occurs into the vesicles 
or from the mucous surfaces, v. inser'ta, small- 
pox acquired by inoculation, malignant v., a 
severe and yery fatal form of hemorrhagic variola, 
v. milia'ris, small-pox with an eruption of small 
vesicles, modified v. Same as varioloid, ovine 
v.,_ ovinia; the smallpox of sheep. V. pem- 
phigo'sa, smallpox with an eruption of large 
blebs, v. siliquo'sa, smallpox in which ■ the 
contents of the pustules become absorbed, leaving 
• the walls empty, v. ve'ra, simple and unmodified 
smallpox, v. verruco'sa, wart-pox, a variety 
in which the eruption does not pass beyond the 
papular stage. 
variolar (var-i'o-lar). Pertaining to smallpox. 
Variolaria amara (va"re-o-la're-ah am-a'rah). A 
febrifugal and anthelmintic lichen of the old 
: World. 
Variolate (va're-o-lat). Having the nature or ap- 
' pearance of smallpox. 
variolation (va"re-o-la'shun). Inoculation with 
the virus of unmodified smallpox, bovine v., 
inoculation of a calf with smallpox. 
variolic (var-e-ol'ik). Variolar. 
varioliform (va-re-o'lif-orm). Resembling small- 
pox. 
variolinum (va"re-o-li'num). A homeopathic rem- 
edy prepared from the virus of smallpox. 
variolization (va"re-o-liz-a'shun). See variola- 
• tion. 
varioloid (va"re-o-loid'). A modified and mild 
■ form of smallpox occurring in a patient who has 
had a previous attack or has been vaccinated. 
variolous (va-re'o-lus). Pertaining to or of the 
nature of smallpox. 
variolovaccine (var-e"o-lo-vak'sin). 1. Pertaining 
to vaccine or bovine variola. 2. A virus obtained 
< by vaccinating the heifer with the virus of small- 
pox. 
variolovaccinia (var-e"o-lo-vak-sin'e-ah). Cow- 
pox in the heifer caused by inoculation with small- 
pox. 
1220 
variscope (va'ris-kop). A variety of chromo- 
photograph. 
varisse (var-is'). A lump on the inner surface of a 
horse's hind leg. 
varix (va'riks), pl. vaFices [LJ. An enlarged and 
tortuous vein, aneurysmal v., aneurysmoid 
V., a form of arteriovenous aneurysm in which 
the blood flows directly into a neighboring vein 
without the intervention of a connecting sac. 
arterial v., a cirsoid aneurysm or varicose ar- 
tery. gelatinous V., a nodular state of the um- 
bilical cord. v. lymphat'icus, an enlarged and 
tortuous lymphatic vessel, due usually to the 
presence of Fila'ria san'guinis hom'inis. turbinal 
V., a dilated condition of the veins of the turbinates. 
varnish (var'nish). A resinous solution in oil or 
alcohol, having a limited use in surgery, benzoin 
V. See Woelfler's solution, under solution, black 
v., Burmese v., Martaban v., a varnish 
produced in Burma from Melanorrhoe'a usita'ta, 
a terebinthinaceous tree, piny v. See Vate/ia 
in'dica. V.-tree, Rhus coria'ria, a European tree: 
highly astringent; also R. ver1 nix, which yields Japan 
varnish. 
varolian (va-ro'le-an). i. Pertaining to the pons 
varolii. 2. Described by or named in honor of 
Costanzo Varoli (Varolius), Italian anatomist and 
surgeon, 1542-1575. 
varoma (va-ro'mah). A proprietary vaporizing 
disinfectant. 
varus (va'rus) [LJ. 1. Having the legs bent out- 
ward; bow-legged. 2. Same as talipes varus. 3. 
A blotch or whelk on the face. 
vas (vas), pl. va'sa [LJ. A vessel; especially a blood- 
vessel or lymphatic duct. v. aber'rans. 1. A 
blind tube sometimes connected with the epididy- 
mis or vas deferens. 2. Any anomalous or unusual 
vessel, v. aberrans, Roth's, an occasionally 
occurring diverticulum of the rete testis. V. def'~ 
erens, the excretory duct of the testicle, passing 
from the testis to the ejaculatory duct. v. pro'- 
minens [B N A], a blood-vessel on the accessory 
spiral ligament of the cochlea. V. spira'le, a 
blood-vessel on the under side of the basilar mem- 
brane. 
vasa (va'sah) [LJ. Plural of vas. v. aberran'tia 
hep'atis, the aberrant vessels of the liver, v. 
afferen'tia, the lymphatic vessels which enter a 
gland, v. au'ris inter'nae, vessels of the in- 
ternal ear. v. bre'via, the small branches of 
the splenic artery going to the stomach, v. 
efferen'tia. 1. The lymphatics which have 
lymph-glands connected with them. 2. The ex- 
cretory ducts of the testicle. See testicle, v. in- 
testi'nse ten'uis, branches of the superior mes- 
enteric artery to the small intestine, v. lym- 
phat'ica, lymphatic vessels. v. prae'via, a 
condition in which the blood-vessels of the um- 
bilical cord where they enter the placenta present 
in front of the fetal head in labor, v. pro'pria 
of Jungbluth, vessels situated beneath the 
amnion of the early embryo, v. rec'ta. 1. The 
straight tubes going to the seminiferous tubules. 
2. See testicle, v. sanguin'ea integumen'ti 
commu'nis, the vessels of the external skin. v. 
sanguin'ea ret'inse, the blood-vessels of the 
retina, v. sero'sa, capillary blood-vessels, v. 
vaso'rum [B N A], the small nutrient arteries and 
veins in the walls of the larger blood-vessels. V. 
vortico'sa, the stellate veins of the choroid. 
vasal (va'sal). Pertaining to a vas or to a vessel. 
vasalium (vas-a'le-um). True vascular tissue, 
such as is found in closed or vascular organs, 
vascular (vas'ku-lar). Pertaining to or full of ves- 
sels. 
vascularity (vas-ku-lar'it-e). The condition of 
being vascular. 
vascularization (vas"ku-lar-iz-a'tion). The proc- 
ess of becoming vascular. 
vascularize (vas'ku-lar-iz). To supply with vessels. 
VASCULARIZE vasculin (vas'ku-lin). An extract from vascular 
tissue. 
vasculitis (vas-ku-li'tis) [L. Vas'culum vessel + Gr. 
-iris inflammation]. Inflammation of a vessel. 
vasculogenesis (vas"ku-lo-jen'es-is) [L. vas'culum 
vessel + Gr. yeveais formation]. The development 
of the vascular system. 
vasculomotor (vas"ku-lo-mo'tor). Effecting 
movement of the walls of vessels. 
vasculum (vas'ku-lum) [L.]. A small vessel, v. 
aber'rans. Same as vas aberrans. 
vasectomy (vas-ek'to-me) [L. vas vessel 4- Gr. 
arrow excision]. Surgical removal of the vas 
deferens, or of a portion of it. 
vaselin (vas'el-in). A variety of petrolatum. See 
petrolatum, vaseli'num adus'tum sapona'- 
tum, an ointment of petrolatum with 1 per cent, of 
sodium stearate and 1 to 2 per cent, of pyroxylin; 
said to be identical with naftalan: used in skin 
diseases, liquid v. Sajne as petrolatum liqui- 
dum. 
vase Ion (vas'el-on). An ointment basis, said to be 
a solution of stearin and margarin in a mineral oil; 
proprietary. 
vasenol (vas'e-nol). A proprietary emulsifiable 
ointment-base. 
vasicin (vas'is-in). A microbicidal alkaloid from 
Adhato'da vas'ica, a plant of South Asia: useful 
in bronchitis, etc. 
vasifactive (va-sif-ak'tiv) [L. vas vessel + fac'ere 
to make]. Forming new blood-vessels or vascular 
tissue. See cell. 
vasiform (va'sif-orm) [L. vas vessel + for1 ma 
form]. Having the appearance of a vessel. 
vasitis (vas-i'tis). Inflammation of the vas deferens, 
vasoconstriction (va"so-kon-strik'shun). The 
diminution of the caliber of vessels, whether or 
not due to nerve influence. 
vasoconstrictive (va"so-kon-strik'tiv). Causing 
constriction of the blood-vessels. 
vasoconstrictor (va"so-kon-strik'tor). 1. Causing 
constriction of the blood-vessels. 2. A vaso- 
motor nerve or a drug which causes constriction 
of the blood-vessels. 
vasocorona (va"so-ko-ro'nah) [L. vas vessel + 
coro'na crown]. The arterial vessels which pass 
radially from the spinal cord to its periphery. 
vasodentin (va-so-den'tin) [L. vas vessel 4- dens 
tooth]. Dentin provided with blood-vessels. 
vasodermol (va-so-der'mol). A proprietary fluid 
made from hydrocarbons and used as a vehicle 
for sulphur, iodin, mesotan, etc., as a cutaneous 
application. 
vasodilatation (va"so-di-la-ta'shun). Dilatation 
of a vessel, reflex v., reflex diastole. See diastole. 
vasodilatin (va"so-di-la'tin). A substance sup- 
posed to exist in organic extracts and to cause vas- 
cular dilatation. 
vasodilator (va"so-di-la'tor). 1. Causing dilata- 
tion of the blood-vessels. 2. Any nerve or drug 
which causes dilatation of the blood-vessels. 
vaso-epididymostomy (va"zo-ep-e-did-e-mos'to- 
me). Operative formation of a communication be- 
tween the vas deferens and the epididymis. 
vasofactive, vasoformative (va-so-fak'tiv, va-so- 
for'ma-tiv). Same as vasifactive. 
vasoganglion (va-so-gang'le-on). Any vascular 
ganglion or rete. 
Vasogen (vas'o-jen). A proprietary ointment-base: 
said to contain olein, vaselin, vaselin oil, etc. 
vasohypertonic (va"so-hi-per-ton'ik). Same as 
vasoconstrictor. 
vasohypotonic (va"so-hi-po-ton'ik). Same as 
vasodilator. 
vaso-inhibitor (va"so-in-hib'it-or). Any agent 
or drug that inhibits the action of the vasomotor 
nerves. 
VASCULIN 
1221 
vaso-inhibitory (va"so-in-hib'it-or-e). Hindering 
the action of the vasomotor nerves. 
vasol (va'sol).. i. A form of atomizer. 2. A pro- 
prietary liquid petroleum oil combined with am- 
monium oleate. 
vasoligation (va"so-li-ga'shun). Ligation of the 
vas deferens. 
vasoligature (va-so-lig'at-ur). Vasoligation. 
vaso-liniment (va//so-lin'im-ent). Same as parogen. 
vasomotion (va-so-mo'shun) [L. vas vessel + 
mo'tio movement]. The contraction or dilata- 
tion of the caliber of a vessel. 
vasomotor (va-so-mo'tor) [L. vas vessel + mo'tor 
mover]. 1. Presiding over the movements of 
the walls of blood-vessels; that is, their expan- 
sion (vasodilatation) or contraction (vasocon- 
striction). 2. Any agent or nerve that effects 
vasomotion. 
vasomotorial, vasomotory (va"so-mo-to're-al, 
va-so-mo'tor-e). Pertaining to or affecting vaso- 
motion. 
vasoneurosis (vas-o-nu-ro'sis). Angioneurosis. 
vasoparesis (va-so-par'es-is) [L. vas vessel + 
Gr. Trap eats relaxation]. Partial paralysis of vaso- 
motor nerves. 
vasopuncture (vas'o-punk-tur). Puncture of the 
vas deferens. 
vasosection (va-so-sek'shun) [L. vas vessel + sec'tio 
a cutting]. The severing of the vasa deferentia. 
vasosensory (va-so-sen'sor-e). Supplying sensory 
filaments to the vessels. 
vasospasm (vas'o-spazm). Spasm of the blood- 
vessels. 
vasospastic (va-so-spas'tik) [L. vas vessel + spastic]. 
Same as angiospastic. 
vasostimulant (va-so-stim'u-lant). Stimulating 
or arousing vasomotor action. 
vasostomy (va-zos'to-me) [ms deferens + Gr. aropa 
mouth]. The operation of forming an opening into 
the vas deferens. 
vasothion (va-so'the-on). Vasogen containing 10 
per cent, of sulphur: used in skin diseases. 
vasothrombin (va-so-throm'bin) [L. vas vessel + 
thrombin]. A fibrin factor similar to leukothrombin, 
except that it is formed by the endothelial cells 
which unites with hepatothrombin to form throm- 
bin. 
vasotomy (va-sot'o-me) [L. vas vessel + Gr. tow 
a cut]. Incision of the vas deferens. 
vasotonic (va-so-ton'ik) [L. vas vessel 4- Gr. to 
vos tone]. Concerned in regulating the tone or 
tension of the vessels. 
vasotonin (va-so-to'nin). A combination of yohim- 
bin and urethan, used for lowering the blood- 
pressure. Dose, 15 min. (1 c.c.) subcutaneously. 
vasotribe (va'so-trib). Same as angiotribe. 
vasotrophic (va-so-trofik) [L. vas vessel 4- Gr. 
Tpoipf nutrition]. Affecting nutrition through 
the alteration of the caliber of the blood-vessels. 
vasovagal (va-so-va'gal). Vasomotor. 
vasovesiculectomy (va"so-ves-ik-u-lek'to-me). 
Excision of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. 
vastus (vas'tus) [L. " great, vast "]. See muscles, 
table of. v. latera'lis. Same as vastus externus 
(in muscles, table of). V. media'lis. Same as 
vastus internus. 
Vater's ampulla, corpuscles, papilla (fah'terz) 
[Abraham Vater, German anatomist, 1684-1751]. 
See ampulla, corpuscle, papilla. 
Vateria indica (vat-e're-ah in'dik-ah) [named for 
A. Vater]. An East Indian tree which affords 
Indian copal, piny varnish, white dammar, or 
Indian anime: used as a varnish, candle-stuff, 
and medicine. 
Vaughan and Novy's test [Victor C. Vaughan, 
pathologist in Ann Arbor, Michigan, born 1851; 
Frederick G. Novy, bacteriologist in Ann Arbor, 
Michigan, born 1864]. See under tests. 
VAUGHAN AND NOVY'S TEST VAULT 
1222 
V., fungus-like growths of lymphoid tissue in the 
nasopharynx, dendritic v., the shaggy ap- 
pearance of a villous cancer; also the arachnoidal 
tufts and villous neoplasms on the pleura and other 
serous membranes. 
vegetative (vej'et-a-tiv). Concerned with growth 
and with nutrition; also functionating involuntarily 
or unconsciously. V. disorder, a disorder of nu- 
trition. v. system, the sympathetic nervous sys- 
tem. See under system. 
vegeto-alkali (veg"et-o-al'kal-i). An alkaloid. 
vegeto-animal (vej"et-o-an'im-al). Common to 
plants and animals. 
Vehic. Abbreviation for L. vehic'ulum, a vehicle. 
vehicle (ve'hik-1) [L. vehic'ulum]. i. An excipient. 
2. Any medium through which an impulse is 
propagated. 
veil (val) [L. ve'lum]. i. Same as velum. 2. A caul 
or piece of the amniotic sac occasionally covering 
the face of a new-born child. 3. A slight huskiness 
in the voice of a singer. Hottentot v. See 
velamen vulvas. Jackson's v. See Jackson's 
membrane under membrane. 
vein (van) [L. ve'na]. A vessel which conveys 
the blood to or toward the heart. All veins ex- 
cept the pulmonary carry dark, venous blood. 
Veins, like arteries, have three coats, an inner, 
middle, and outer, but the coats are not so thick, 
and they collapse when the vessel is cut. Many 
veins, especially the superficial, have valves formed 
of reduplications of their lining membrane. The 
larger arteries have deep veins, generally included 
in the same sheath, while such vessels as the 
brachial and radial have two veins each, the venae 
comiles. The superficial veins, which are usually 
unaccompanied by arteries, run between the layers 
of the superficial fascia and terminate in the deep 
veins. Venous channels within the skull, formed 
by separation of layers of dura mater, are called 
sinuses. Veins belong to either the (1) pul- 
monary system; (2) systemic system; or (3) portal 
system, the latter being a part of the systemic 
system. 
VEINS 
vault (vawlt). A dome-like or arch-like structure. 
V. C. A symbol for the acuity of color vision. 
V. D. Abbreviation for venereal disease. 
V. D. G. Abbreviation for venereal disease-gonor- 
rhea. 
V. D. H. Abbreviation for valvular disease of the 
heart. 
V. D. S. Abbreviation for venereal disease-syph- 
ilis. 
vection (vek'shun) [L. vec'tio a carrying]. The 
carrying of disease germs from an infected person 
to a well person. It is circumferential, indirect, or 
mediate when carried by an intermediate host; 
direct, immediate, or radial when transferred di- 
rectly from one person to another. 
vectis (vek'tis) [L. from ve'here to carry], A curved 
lever for making traction upon the fetal head in 
labor. 
vector (vek'tor) [L. " one who carries," from ve'here 
vectus to carry], A carrier, especially the animal 
host that carries protozoal disease germs from one 
human host to another. 
vectorial (vek-to're-al). Pertaining to a vector. 
Vedder's medium (ved'erz) [Col. E. B. Vedder, 
U. S. Army Surgeon]. See under medium. 
vegetable (vej'et-ab-1) [L. vegetab'ilis quickening]. 
1. Pertaining to or derived from plants. 2. Any 
plant or species of plant. 
vegetal (vej'et-al). 1. Pertaining to plants or to 
a plant. 2. Common to animals and plants 
alike. 
vegetality (vej-et-al'it-e). The aggregate of phe- 
nomena that are common to animals and plants. 
vegetarian, (vej-et-a're-an). One whose food is 
exclusively of vegetable origin. 
vegetarianism (vej-et-a're-an-izm). The opinion 
and practice which restrict man's food to sub- 
stances of vegetable origin. 
vegetation (vej-et-a'shun) [L. vegeta'tio]. Any 
plant-like fungoid neoplasm br growth; a luxuriant 
fungus-like growth of pathologic tissue, adenoid 
afferent v's. The vessels which convey the venous 
blood of the kidney; the emulgent veins. 
anastomotic v., great. A vein arising on the 
parietal lobe of the cerebrum, running along the 
horizontal limb of the fissure of Sylvius, and open- 
ing into the cavernous sinus. Called also Tro- 
lard's v. 
anastomotic V., posterior. A vein that estab- 
lishes communication between the cavernous and 
lateral sinuses. Called also Labbe's v. 
angular v. One formed by the frontal and supra- 
orbital veins; at the side of the root of the nose it 
takes the name of facial vein. 
arciform v's. Veins of the kidney gathering the 
blood from the capillaries surrounding the tubules 
and joining in a series of arches over the bases of 
the renal pyramids. 
auditory v's. Vessels which accompany the arte- 
ries of the vestibule and receive those of the cochlea 
at the base of the modiolus, terminating in the 
superior petrosal sinus. 
auricular v., posterior. Begins in a plexus on 
the side of the head, descends behind the external 
ear, and joins the temporomaxillary vein to form 
the external jugular. 
axillary v. Formed by the venae comites of the 
brachial artery and the basilic vein; it receives the 
cephalic vein and is continued by the subclavian. 
azygos v., left lower (ve'na azygos mi'nor). 
Arises from the left ascending lumbar or left renal 
vein; receives various intercostal, esophageal, and 
mediastinal veins, and joins the right azygos. 
A TABLE OF THE VEINS 
azygos v., left upper. Receives several inter- 
costal veins and goes to the left lower or right 
azygos. 
azygos v., right (ve'na azygos ma'jor). Com- 
mences usually from the right ascending lumbar 
vein; receives the left azygos, several esophageal, 
mediastinal, and pericardial veins, the right 
bronchial, etc., and goes to the precava. 
basilar v. Crosses over the crus cerebri and joins 
with Galen's veins. 
basilic v. Formed by the union of the median 
basilic and common ulnar: passes to the axillary 
vein. 
basilic v., median. A vein of the forearm formed 
by division of the median vein: joins the common 
ulnar to form the basilic vein. 
basivertebral v's (ve'na ba'sis vertebra'rum). Lie 
in large channels in the vertebral bodies, emerge 
from the bodies on their dorsal surfaces, and join 
a transverse trunk connecting the anterior longi- 
tudinal spinal veins. 
brachial v's. One on either side of the brachial 
artery: they join the basilic to form the axillary 
vein. 
brachiocephalic v's. The innominate veins. 
Breschet's v's. The veins of the diploe. 
bronchial v's, left and right. Return the blood 
of the systemic circulation from the substance of 
the lungs: they usually join the azygos major and 
minor. 
buccal v. Arises in the buccinator muscle and goes 
to the pterygoid plexus. VEINS 
VEINS 
Frontal Section of Cerebritm showing Veins that form 
the Sinuses (after Henle;.-1, internal carotid artery ; 2, ab- 
ducens nerve; 3, third branch of trigeminal nerve; 4, falx 
cerebri; 5, tentorium cerebelli; Str, transverse sinus; 
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses; St, sinus tentorii; 
Sc, cavernous sinus; Sps, superior petrosal sinus; So, occip- 
ital sinus ; cic, internal cerebral vein. 
Venous Sinuses at Base of Skull (after Henle).-1, section 
of falx cerebri: 2, optic nerve; 3, internal carotid artery; 4, 
oculomotor nerve; 5, dorsum sellae; 6, nerves protruding from 
the jugular foramen ; superior and inferior sagittal 
sinus ; Sia, Sip, anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses; 
Ssp, sphenoparietal sinus; Sc, cavernous sinus; Sps, Spi, 
superior and inferior petrosal sinuses ; Str, Str', transverse 
sinus; So, occipital sinus; Pb, basilar plexus. 
The Internal Jugular and Common Facial Veins and 
their Branches (after Henle).-The zygoma and the left side 
of the inferior maxilla, together with the masseter, have been 
removed, i, pterygoid muscle ; 2, styloglossus muscle ; 3, sub- 
lingual gland; 4, hyoglossus muscle; 5, geniohyoid muscle; 
6, mylohyoid muscle; 7, sternohyoid muscle; 8, thyrohyoid 
muscle; 9, omohyoid muscle; 10, stylohyoid muscle; 11, 
styloglossus muscle; 12, stylopharyngeu.-, muscle; ji,Jt, in- 
ternal and external jugular vein; ph, pharyngeal v a; dl, 
dorsal vein of tongue; Z, lingual veins; x, sublingual vein; 
tsu, superior thyroid vein; fc, common facial vein; fa, ante- 
rior facial vein; fa', superficial, and fa", deep branches of 
same ; f, frontal vein ; a, angular vein ; os, superior ophthal- 
mic vein ; n, nasal vein ; lbs, superior labial vein ; fp. poste- 
rior facial vein; fP', fp", superficial and deep branches of 
same; tps, tpm, tpr, superficial, middle, and deep temporal 
veins; Pp, pterygoid plexus* oi, inferior ophthalmic vein; 
sea, anterior jugular vein. 
Innominate Vein and its Branches (after Henle).-1, 
mylohyoid muscle; 2, root of tongue; 3, larynx; 4, thyroid 
gland; 5, trachea; cs, superior vena cava; ,/lbd, ylbs, right 
and left innominate veins; subclavian vein; ji,je, internal 
and external jugular veins; ti, superior and inferior thy- 
roid vein; cup, deep cervical ,ein; u, vertebral vein; mmi, 
internal mammary; is, superior intercostal vein; sea, anterior 
jugular vein ; * thyroid plexus. VEINS 
1223 
VEINS 
Burow's V. A vein formed by the two inferior 
epigastric veins and a branch from the bladder: 
it joins the portal vein. 
cardiac v., anterior or great. Rises near the 
heart's apex and passes to the great coronary 
sinus. 
cardiac v's, left. Three or four small vessels 
arising on the posterior surface of the left ventricle 
and opening into the great coronary sinus. 
cardiac v's, right. Three or four small vessels 
which collect the blood from the anterior surface 
of the right ventricle and pour it into the great 
coronary sinus. 
cardinal v's. The four main veins of the earliest 
embryonic life: they convey the blood to the heart. 
Some give this name to the two ascending veins 
only. 
cephalic v. A vein of the forearm and arm formed 
by the union of the radial and median cephalic: 
it terminates in the axillary vein. 
cephalic v., median. A vein of the forearm 
formed by the division of the median vein: it 
joins the radial to form the cephalic vein. 
cerebellar v's. Veins on the surface of the cerebel- 
lum, and are in three sets: the superior, going 
to the straight sinus and venae galeni; the inferior, 
to the lateral sinuses; and the lateral anterior, to 
the superior petrosal sinus. 
cerebral v's, deep. The venae galeni, or ventric- 
ular veins, one in either hemisphere, formed by 
the union of the choroid and striatal veins: they 
unite and go to the straight sinus. 
cerebral v's, inferior. Veins of the lower part 
of the outer and the under surface of the cerebral 
hemispheres, which pass to the cavernous, superior 
petrosal, and lateral sinuses. 
cerebral v's, median. Arise on the mesial surface 
of either hemisphere. 
cerebral v., middle. A large vein arising on the 
under surface of the temporosphenoid lobe, running 
along the fissure of Sylvius, and going to the 
cavernous sinus. 
cerebral v's, superficial. Eight to twelve pairs 
are joined by the median cerebral veins and open 
into the superior longitudinal sinus. 
cervical v., ascending. The companion of the 
ascending cervical artery. 
cervical V., deep. Passes with the deep cervical 
artery between the semispinalis colli and com- 
plexus muscles to the vertebral vein. 
choroid v. Runs along the outer border of the 
choroid plexus and joins the striatal vein. 
ciliary v's. 1. Veins on the outer surface of the 
choroid; the vena: vorticosae. 2. A set of veins 
that accompany the ciliary arteries. 
circular v. A large vein which runs around the 
placenta, near its edge. 
circumflex iliac v's. Veins (deep and superficial) 
that accompany the deep and superficial circum- 
flex iliac arteries. 
conarial V. Arises in a plexus of venules over the 
conarium and flows to the subcerebral vein. 
coronary v. A vein of the stomach, begins near 
the pylorus, passes along the lesser curvature of 
the stomach to the esophageal opening, enters 
the folds of the lesser omentum, and ends in the 
portal vein. 
corpora striata, v's of the, striatal v's. Veins 
(one on each side) formed by small vessels from 
the corpus striatum and optic thalamus, over- 
laid by the bony band of Tarinus, and each ter- 
minating in the vein of Galen of its own side. 
cuvierian v's. Same as cardinal v's. 
cystic v. A branch of the portal vein coming 
from the gall-bladder. 
dental v., inferior. A branch of the pterygoid 
plexus from regions supplied by the inferior dental 
arteries. 
diploetic v's. Four veins of the diploe: the 
frontal, anterior, and posterior temporal, and oc- 
cipital. 
dorsal v. (of the penis). A large vein of the groove 
of the dorsum of the penis; its two main branches 
unite, pass through the triangular ligament as 
one vein, then fork, and enter the prostatic plexus. 
dorsales nasi v's. Small veins of the dorsum of 
the nose flowing to the nasal arch. 
dorsispinal v's. A great network of veins from the 
integument and muscles of the back, surrounding 
the processes and laminae of all the vertebrae: 
they flow to the vessels of the veins of the spinal 
canal, and the vertebral, intercostal, lumbar, and 
sacral veins. 
emissary V. Any one of the small veins which 
connect the intracranial sinuses with the veins 
outside the skull, passing through the various 
foramina. 
emulgent v's. The afferent veins of the kidneys. 
See afferent v's. 
epigastric v's, deep. Two veins which accom- 
pany the deep epigastric artery: they unite into 
a single trunk before their termination in the ex- 
ternal iliac vein. 
epigastric v., superficial. A vein which joins 
the long saphena at the saphenous opening. 
extraspinal v's. The dorsispinal veins. 
facial V. Arises from a plexus of temporal branches 
on the anterior part of the skull; descends as the 
frontal along the middle of the forehead; at the 
root of the nose the nasal arch joins it to its fellow; 
it then runs down by the root of the nose as the 
angular, passes beneath the zygomatic muscles, 
and becomes the facial; descends along the anterior 
border of the masseter, crosses the body of the lower 
jaw to the submaxillary gland, and terminates 
in the internal jugular vein. Branches: Inferior 
palpebral, labial, buccal, masseteric, ranine, infe- 
rior palatine, and submaxillary veins. 
femoral v., common. Accompanies the femoral 
artery, and at Poupart's ligament takes the name 
of external iliac vein. 
femoral v., deep. Accompanies the femoral 
artery, and joins the superficial femoral to form the 
common femoral vein. 
femoral v., superficial. The largest branch of 
the common femoral. 
frontal v's. A pair of veins which arise in a 
plexus on the anterior part of the scalp: each 
vein runs down the middle line of the forehead, 
and being joined by the supra-orbital at the root 
of the nose, forms the angular vein. 
Galen's v's. i. The deep cerebral or ventricular 
veins. 2. The anterior cardiac vein. 
gastric v's. The veins of the stomach: of these 
the coronary is the largest, and the pyloric next in 
size. 
gastro-epiploic v's. Two veins of the stomach 
and epiploon flowing to the superior mesenteric: 
the right gastro-epiploic sometimes opens into 
the splenic vein. 
gluteal V. Passes through the sacrosciatic foramen 
in company with the gluteal artery. 
hemiazygos v's. Small vessels accessory to the 
azygos veins. 
hemorrhoidal v's. A plexus of veins around the 
lower rectum, in three sets: the superior join the 
inferior mesenteric, and the middle and inferior 
the internal iliac vein. 
hepatic v's. Three large veins of the liver tribu- 
tary to the postcava. 
iliac V., common. Formed by the confluence of 
the external and internal iliac veins. The right 
and left common iliacs unite to form the postcava. 
iliac v's, deep circumflex. Two veins which ac- 
company the deep epigastric artery: they usually 
unite into a single trunk and flow into the external 
iliac vein. VEINS 
1224 
VEINS 
iliac V. , external. A branch of the common iliac, 
itself the upward extension of the common femoral 
vein. 
iliolumbar v. A vein which accompanies the ilio- 
lumbar artery, anastomoses with the lumbar and 
deep circumflex iliac veins, and empties into the 
hypogastric vein. 
innominate v's. Two large veins formed by the 
union of the internal jugular and subclavian at 
each side of the root of the neck. The right in- 
nominate vein is if inches long, lies external to the 
innominate artery, and unites with the left in- 
nominate to form the superior cava. Branches: 
Right vertebral vein, right internal mammary 
vein, right inferior thyroid. Receives also the 
ductus lymphaticus dexter. The left innominate 
runs horizontally across the roots of the three great 
aortic branches, and unites with the right in- 
nominate at the right side of the mediastinum. 
Branches: Left vertebral vein, left inferior thyroid 
vein, left internal mammary vein, and superior 
intercostal vein. Receives also the thoracic duct. 
intercostal superior V. Formed by the union of 
five or six left upper intercostal veins. It com- 
municates below with the azygos minor, and 
terminates above in the left innominate vein. 
interosseous v's. Veins of the hands and feet 
corresponding to the interosseous arteries. 
intralobular v. A vessel in the center of each 
lobule of the liver, opening into the sublobular 
vein. 
intraspinal v's. The veins within the spinal 
canal, including the meningorachidian and medul- 
lispinal veins. 
jugular v., anterior. Arises by several branches 
from the submaxillary region and opens into the 
external vein. 
jugular v., external. Formed by the posterior 
division of the temporomaxillary and the posterior 
auricular veins. 
jugular v., internal. Arises from the lateral and 
inferior petrosal sinuses, and with the subclavian 
forms the innominate vein: it receives several 
large veins of the head. 
jugular v., posterior external. Commences in 
the occipital region, runs down the back of the neck, 
and opens into the external jugular. 
Kohlrausch's v's. Superficial veins of the penis 
passing from its under surface to the dorsal vein. 
Labbe's v. The posterior anastomosing vein of 
the cerebral cortex. 
Marshall's oblique v. The relic of the left duct of 
Cuvier, remaining as a vein of the heart substance, 
and joining the coronary sinus. 
masseteric v's. Veins accompanying the masse- 
teric artery and emptying into the pterygoid plexus. 
mastoid V. A vein of junction between the lateral 
sinus and the occipital vein. It passes through 
the mastoid foramen. 
maxillary V., internal. Arises from the pterygoid 
plexus, passes back behind the neck of the lower 
jaw, and joins the temporal vein, the common 
trunk being the temporomaxillary vein. 
median v. Passes between the anterior ulnar and 
radial veins. At the bend of the elbow it receives 
a branch from the deep veins. Divides into two 
branches, viz., the median cephalic, which passes 
obliquely outward to join the cephalic vein; the 
median basilic, which passes obliquely inward to 
join the basilic vein. 
medullispinal v's. The veins of the spinal cord 
proper, mostly lying in a plexus between the pia 
and arachnoid. 
meningorachidian v's. Pass between the ver- 
tebral theca and the vertebrae. In front they form 
two trunks-longitudinal spinal sinuses-which run 
the whole length of the column on each side of the 
posterior common ligament. A transverse trunk 
on the body of each vertebra passes beneath the 
ligament and joins these two trunks, and also 
receives the basivertebral veins. The meningora- 
chidian veins pass anteriorly through the anterior 
condyloid foramina, and so communicate with 
the internal jugulars. In the neck they empty 
into the vertebral veins; in the chest, into the 
intercostal; and in the loins and pelvis, into the 
lumbar and sacral veins. 
mesenteric V., inferior. Receives the inferior 
hemorrhoidal veins and the blood from the sigmoid 
flexure and descending colon, and terminates in 
the splenic vein. 
mesenteric V., superior. Formed by branches 
collecting the blood from the capillaries of the 
superior mesenteric artery. These branches form 
a large trunk, which unites with the splenic vein in 
the formation of the portal vein. 
oblique V. See Marshall's oblique v. 
omphalomesenteric v's. Two important fetal 
veins of the portal circulation. 
ophthalmic V. A large vein which connects the 
angular vein at the inner angle of the orbit with 
the cavernous sinus. 
ovarian v's. These correspond to the spermatic 
veins of the male. The right ovarian empties into 
the vena cava, and the left ovarian into the left 
renal vein. 
parietal v. A branch of the superior longitudinal 
sinus from the pericranium and scalp. 
petrosal v. The sinus petrosus. 
popliteal V. Formed by the anterior and poste- 
rior tibial veins, ascends through the popliteal 
space, and, after piercing the adductor magnus, 
becomes the femoral vein. 
portal V. Takes the blood of the superior mesen- 
teric, splenic, gastric, and cystic veins to the liver 
and distributes it to that organ, from which it is 
taken by the hepatic veins to the postcava. 
pulmonary v's. Four veins which return the arte- 
rialized blood from the lungs to the left auricle 
of the heart. 
radial v. Extends from the dorsum of the wrist, 
and at the bend of the elbow unites with the 
median cephalic to form the cephalic vein. 
renal v. Extends from the hilum of the kidney to 
the postcava. 
Retzius' v's. Veins from the walls of the intestine 
to the branches of the vena cava. 
Rosenthal's v's. The basilar veins. 
Ruysch's v's. Same as Retzius' v's. 
salvatella v. A vein from the little finger. 
Santorini's v's. Veins from the scalp to the cere- 
bral sinuses. 
saphenous v., external or short. Extends from 
the dorsum of the foot to the popliteal vein, 
between the heads of the gastrocnemius. 
saphenous V., internal or long. Begins at the 
inner side of the dorsum of the foot and passes 
upon the inner side of the leg and thigh to the 
femoral vein, ij inches below Poupart's ligament. 
Sappey's v's. Accessory portal veins. 
spermatic v. Passes from the back of the testis 
through the pampiniform plexus, the right going 
to the postcava, and the left to the left renal vein. 
splenic v. A large vessel passing from the spleen 
and adjacent parts to the portal vein. 
Stenson's v's. Venae vorticosae. 
subclavian v. A continuation of the axillary, ex- 
tends from the lower border of the first rib to the 
inner ends of the sternoclavicular articulation, 
and unites with the internal jugular to form the 
innominate vein. It receives the anterior and 
external jugulars. 
sublobular v's. Small veins of the liver around 
which the bases of the lobules are clustered. 
Sylvian v. A vein which runs along the fissure of 
Sylvius and crosses the hemisphere. VEINS 
VEINS 
Scheme of the Veins of the Body (after Henle).-The veins 
in the anterior portion of the body are given in outline, those of 
the intestine are shaded, cs, vena cava superior; ci, vena cava 
inferior ; Abd, Abs, right and left innominate veins ; Sd, Ss, right 
and left subclavian ; Ji, internal jugular vein; ti, inferior thyroid 
vein ; mmi, internal mammary vein ; is, superior intercostal vein ; 
az, azygos vein ; ha, small azygos vein ; haa, left upper azygos 
vein; ic, intercostal vein ; d', dorsal branch of same; ia', anterior 
intercostal branch of the internal mammary vein ; h, hepatic vein ; 
lb, lumbar vein; vp, portal vein ; Aid, Ais, right and left common 
iliac veins ; sm, middle sacral vein ; J, iliac vein ; H, hypogastric 
vein ; C, femoral vein ; ei, inferior epigastric vein. 
Veins and Arteries of the Thoracic and Abdominal Cav- 
ities (after Henle).-i, root of right lung ; 2, section of diaphragm ; 
3, suprarenal body; 4, kidney; 5, psoas magnus muscle; 6, quad- 
ratus lumborum muscle; Aa, descending aorta; aA, arch of 
aorta ; Ab, innominate artery ; cs, left carotid artery; Sj, left sub- 
clavian artery ; c, celiac artery ; mes, mei, superior and inferior 
mesenteric arteries; cs, ci, superior and inferior venae cavae ; Abd, 
Abs, right and left innominate veins; S, subclavian vein; je, Ji, 
external and internal jugular; az, azygos vein; ic, intercostal 
vein; h, hepatic veins; phr, phrenic vein and artery; sr, supra- 
renal vein; r, renal artery and vein ; lb, lumbar vein ; spi, internal 
spermatic artery and vein; sm, middle sacral artery and vein ; ai, 
common iliac artery and vein ; H, hypogastric artery and vein ; I, 
iliac artery and vein. 
Feins of the Fetus (after 
establishment of placental circu- 
lation).--Je, Je', right and left 
primitive jugular veins ; Sd, Ssi, 
right and left subclavian veins; 
ji, Ji* right and left internal 
jugular veins; Abd, lower end 
of right external jugular vein : 
Abs, transverse jugular vein ; 
Cuv. Cuv', right and left duct 
of Cuvier; az, azygos vein ; ha, 
small azygos vein ; car', left car- 
dinal vein ; ci, inferior vena cava ; 
Dv, ductus venosus; Pt. portal 
vein; u, umbilical vein; mes, 
superior mesenteric vein; Ai, 
Ai', right and left common iliac ; 
4 Z » right and left iliac ; H, H , 
right and left hypogastric. 
Peins of the Fetus (about 
four weeks old).-je, je , right 
and left primitive jugular veins; 
Cuv, Cuv', right and left duct of 
Cuvier; Car, car , right and left 
cardinal veins in which the inter- 
costals of either side empty; ci, 
vena cava inferior; Dv, ductus 
venosus ; Pt, portal vein ; u, um- 
bilical vein; o, omphalomesen- 
teric vein; I, F, right and leit 
iliac ; H, H', right and left hypo- 
gastric. VEINS 
veins 
The Portal Vein and its Branches (after 
Henle).-The liver and stomach are turned up; 
the transverse colon has been removed. 1, liver ; 
2, gall-bladder; 3, stomach; 4, pancreas; 5, 
spleen; 6, duodenum ; 7, small intestine ; 8, 
cecum; 9, ascending colon ; 10, descending 
colon ; 11, rectum ; vp, portal vein ; mes, mei, 
superior and inferior mesenteric veins ; li, splenic 
vein ; gb, gastric veins ; ged, ges, right and left 
gastro-epiploic veins ; i, intestinal branches ; cd, 
colica dextra; csi, colica sinistra ; hi, internal 
hemorrhoidal; cv, coronary vein of stomach ; 
cy, cystic vein. 
Veins of the Pelvis (after Henle).-i, left corpus caverno- 
sum of the penis; 2, urethra ; 3, section of internal obturator 
muscle; 4, buttock; 5, bladder; 6, vas deferens; ci, inferior 
vena cava; Aid. Ais, right and left common iliac veins; Hd, 
Hs, right and left hypogastric veins ; Cd, right crural vein ; sm, 
middle sacral vein ; g, gluteal vein ; si, lateral sacral vein ; isc, 
sciatic vein ; pui, right internal pudic vein ; pui', left internal 
pudic vein ; dp, dorsal vein of penis; prp, branch to deep 
structures of penis ; Ppi, pubic plexus ; pys, vesical plexus ; 
o, obturator veins; ei, inferior epigastric veins. 
Superficial Veins of 
Lower Limb (after Henle).- 
C, femoral vein; Sam, Sap, 
internal and external saph- 
enous veins; Rd, dorsal rete 
of foot; pl, plantar vein. 
Superficial Veins of Upper 
Limb (after Quain).-i, ceph- 
alic vein ; 2, basilic vein ; 3, 
radial vein; 4, median ceph- 
alic vein ; 5, median vein ; 6, 
median basilic vein ; 7, ante- 
rior ulnar vein; 8, posterior 
ulnar vein. VEI NS-VELAM EN 
1225 
VENENE 
temporal V. Arises by a minute plexus on the side 
and vertex of the scalp, and with the internal 
maxillary forms the temporomaxillary. 
temporal v., middle. A large tributary of the 
temporal vein coming from the temporal muscle. 
temporomaxillary v. Formed by the union of the 
temporal and internal maxillary, and becomes 
the external jugular at the lower border of the 
parotid gland, after passing through it. Branches: 
Anterior auricular, mesenteric, transverse facial, 
parotid, and posterior auricular. 
Thebesius, v's of. Numerous small venules which 
carry blood from the heart substance into the 
right auricle. 
thyroid v's, inferior. Two in number, one on 
each side, receive blood from the thyroid gland. 
The right vein terminates in the right innominate; 
the left vein, in the left innominate. 
thyroid v., superior. A branch of the internal 
jugular. 
Trolard's v. The great anastomotic vein. See 
anastomotic v. 
ulnar v. The principal vein of the anterior and 
ulnar aspects of the forearm. It is formed by 
the anterior and posterior ulnar veins, and with 
the median basilic forms the basilic vein. 
velamen (ve-la'men) [L. " veil "]. Any mem- 
brane, velum, meninx, or tegument. V. vul'vae, 
the Hottentot veil or pudendal apron. 
velamentous (vel-am-en'tus) [L. vela'nfen veil]. 
Membranous and pendent, like a veil. 
velamentum (ve-lam-en'tum), pl. velamen'ta [L.]. 
Any covering, velum, or envelop. 
velar (ve'lar) [L. vela'ris}. Pertaining to a velum, 
especially to the velum of the palate. 
Veldt sore (velt). See under sore. 
veliform (vel'if-orm). Velamentous. 
Vella's fistula (ve'lahz) ' [Luigi Vella, Italian 
physiologist, 1825-1886]. See under fistula. 
vellication (vel-ik-a'shun) [L. vellica'tio]. A twitch- 
ing of the muscles. 
vellolin (vel'o-lin). A proprietary purified wool-fat. 
vellosin (vel-o'sin). A poisonous agent occurring 
in yellow crystals, C23H2gN2O4, from the bark 
of Geissosper'mum vello'sii, or pereira: its phys- 
iologic action is said to be not unlike that of 
brucin. 
vel'lus oli'vse inferio'ris. A narrow band of 
tangential fibers surrounding the inferior olive. 
velopural (ve-lop'u-ral). An ointment base com- 
posed of soap and olive oil. 
velosynthesis (vel-o-sin'thes-is) [L. vel'um veil + 
Gr. awOeacs, a putting together]. Same as 
staphylorrhaphy. 
Velpeau's bandage, deformity, hernia, mix- 
ture (vel-poz') [Alfred Armand Louis Marie 
Velpeau, surgeon in Paris, 1795-1867]. See 
bandage, deformity, etc. 
Velum (ve'lum) [L. " veil "]. Any veil or veil- 
like organ, anterior v., superior v., the valve 
of Vieussens, artificial V., an appliance, gener- 
ally composed of vulcanite, used in the mechanic 
treatment of fissure of the soft palate. Baker's 
V., an obturator used in cleft-palate. infe- 
rior or posterior medullary v., the com- 
missure of the flocculi of the cerebellar hemi- 
sphere, forming part of the floor of the fourth 
ventricle. V. interpos'itum, the membran- 
ous roof of the third ventricle. V. medul- 
la're ante'rius [B N A], See Vieussens' valve. 
y. medulla're posti'cum, a thin white lamina 
in front of the nodule of the vermis of the cere- 
bellum, and forming a part of the roof of the fourth 
ventricle; the valve of Tarinus. V. pala'ti, the 
soft palate, v. pen'dulum pala'ti, the pendu- 
lous and posterior portion of the soft palate; the 
ulnar v., anterior. Rises on the palmar surface 
of the hand and wrist, and passes to the ulnar vein. 
ulnar v., posterior. Passes from the dorsal sur- 
face of the wrist, and near the elbow unites with 
its anterior fellow to form the ulnar vein. 
umbilical V. A vessel which conveys the blood 
from the placenta to the fetus, going to the post- 
cava. After birth it becomes the round ligament 
of the liver. 
vertebral V. Lies in the canal formed by the foram- 
ina of the transverse processes of the cervical 
vertebrae. It terminates in the innominate vein 
on each side. Branches: Posterior condyloid, 
muscular, cervical meningorachidian, superficial 
cervical, deep cervical. 
vesalian v. A vessel which connects the pterygoid 
plexus with the cavernous sinus. 
Vieussens' v's. The small superficial coronary 
veins of the heart. 
vitelline v's. Fetal veins going from the yolk-sac 
to the sinus venosus. 
vortex v's. Four venous trunks with tributary 
whorls in the superficial layer of the choroid of the 
eye. 
Zuckerkandl's v. A small vessel by which the 
ethmoid veins and those of the nose communicate 
with the veins of the cerebrum. 
uvula or pendulum of the palate. V. of Tari'nus, 
the inferior or posterior medullary velum, v. 
transver'sum, a transverse fold of the tela 
chorioidea marking the boundary between the di- 
encephalon and the telencephalon in the embryonic 
brain. 
velvene (vel'ven). A proprietary cosmetic and skin 
remedy. 
velvril (vel'vril). A preparation of nitrocellulose 
with nitrated oil. It forms, when hardened, an 
elastic film, and is used for covering operation 
wounds. It is soluble only in acetone. 
vena (ve'nah), pl. ve'nce [L.]. A vein. See vein. 
venae advehen'tes, fetal veins conveying arte- 
rial blood from the umbilical and omphalomesen- 
teric veins to the liver, v. anon'yma [B N A], in- 
nominate vein. v. az'ygos [B N A], v. az'ygos 
ma'jor, v. az'ygos dex'tra, the principal vein 
which connects the precava with the postcava, 
v. az'ygos mi'nor, v. hemiaz'ygos, the princi- 
pal vein on the left side going from the postcava 
to the precava. v. basil'ica [B N A], the basilic 
vein, venae basivertebra'lis [B N A], the veins 
from the body of a vertebra, venae ca'vae, the two 
great venous trunks of the body: the precava, or 
vena cava descendens, and the postcava, or vena 
cava ascendens. v. cephal'ica [B N A]. See 
cephalic vein, under vein, venae com'ites, the 
veins which accompany an artery, venae cor'dis 
min'imae [B N A]. See vence thebesii. vente 
gale'ni, two veins of the cerebrum which dis- 
charge themselves into the straight sinus. V. 
gale'ni cor'dis, a vein in the right side of the 
septal wall of the heart. Its opening in the auricle 
is one of the foramina thebesii. v. por'ta, the 
portal vein. See vein, venae revehen'tes, fetal 
veins which return the blood from the liver to the 
umbilical vein, venae stella'tae [B N A], the 
stars of Verheyen; a star-shaped plexus of veins 
beneath the capsule of the kidney whence the in- 
terlobular veins arise. Called the stellate veins. 
venae thebe'sii, the foramina of Thebesius: small 
veins conveying blood from the heart substance 
into the right auricle. Called also vence cordis 
minima, venae vortico'sae [B N A], the venous 
network of the choroid. 
venation (ve-na'shun) [L. vetna vein]. The manner 
of distribution of the veins of a part. 
venenation (ven-e-na'shun) [L. vene'num poison]. 
Poisoning; a condition of being poisoned. 
venene (ve'nen). The poisonous element of snake 
venom. » VENENIFEROUS 
1226 
VENTRICORNUAL 
veneniferous (ven-e-nif'er-us) [L. vene'num poison 
4- fer're to bear]. Carrying poison. 
venenific (ven-e-nif'ik) [L. vene'num poison -f- fa'- 
cere to make]. Forming poison. 
Venenosa (ven-e-no'sah), pl. [L. veneno'sus poi- 
sonous]. Venomous snakes collectively; Thana- 
tophidia. 
venenosalivary (ven"en-o-sal'iv-a-re). Same as 
venomosalivary. 
venenous (ven'e-nus) [L. veneno'sus]. Poisonous 
or toxic. 
venepuncture (ven'e-punk-tur). See venipuncture. 
venereal (ve-ne're-al) [L. vene'reus]. Due to or 
propagated by sexual intercourse, as, venereal dis- 
ease. v. wart. See verruca acuminata. 
venereologist (ve-ne-re-ol'o-jist). A practitioner 
who specializes in venereal disease. 
venereophobia (ve-ne"re-o-fo"be-ah) [venereal + 
Gr. cpo^os fear]. Morbid dread of venereal infec- 
tion. 
venerology (ven-er-ol'o-je) [venereal + Gr. \6yos 
treatise]. The study or science of venereal dis- 
eases. 
venery (ven'er-e) [L. vene'reus pertaining to Venus]. 
Coitus; sexual intercourse. 
venesection (ven-e-sek'shun) [L. ve'na vein + 
seCtio cutting]. The opening of a vein for the pur- 
pose of letting blood; phlebotomy. 
venesuture (ven-e-su'tur). Suture of a vein, 
venin, venine (ven'in). Same as venene. 
veniplex (ven'e-pleks) [L. ve'na vein + plex'us 
plexus]. A venous plexus. 
venipuncture (ven'e-punk-tur) [L. ve'na vein 4- 
puncture], The surgical or therapeutic puncture 
of a vein. 
venisuture (ven'e-su-tcher) [L. ve'na vein 4- sutu'ra 
stitch]. The suturation of a vein. 
veno-auricular (ve"no-aw-rik'u-lar). Pertaining 
to the vena cava and the auricle, as, veno-auricular 
junction. 
venodine (ven'o-din). An iodin preparation for 
intravenous use. 
venogen (ven'o-jen). A substance that is changed 
into venene. 
venom (ven'um) [L. vene'num poison], A poison; 
especially one normally secreted by a serpent, 
insect, or other animal. V.-globulin. See under 
globulin, v.-peptone. See under peptone. 
venomization (ven"um-iz-a'shun). Treatment of 
a substance with snake venom. 
venomosalivary (ven"o-mo-sal'iv-a-re). Secret- 
ing a poisonous saliva. 
venomotor (ve-no-mo'tor). Causing constriction 
or dilatation of the veins. 
venoperitoneostomy (ve"no-per"it-o-ne-os'to-me) 
[L. ve'na vein 4- peritoneum 4" Gr. veos new 4- 
arona opening]. Anastomosis of the saphenous 
vein with the peritoneum for permanent drainage 
of the abdomen in ascites. Called also Ruotte's 
operation. 
venopressor (ve'no-pres-or). Pertaining to venous 
blood-pressure. 
venosclerosis (ve"no-skle-ro'sis). Sclerosis of 
the veins; especially those of the rectum: usually 
syphilitic; phlebosclerosis. 
venose (ve'nos). Provided with veins. 
venosinal (ve-no-si'nal). Pertaining to the vena 
cava and the auricular sinus of the heart, as, veno- 
sinal bands. 
venosity (ve-nos'it-e). 1. Excess of venous blood 
in a part. 2. A plentiful supply of blood-vessels 
or of venous blood. 
venous (ve'nus) [L. veno'sus], Of or pertaining to 
the veins. 
venovenostomy (ve"no-ve-nos'to-me) [L. ve'na 
vein. 4- arofia mouth]. Anastomosis of a vein into 
a vein. 
venstoria (ven-sto're-ah). A proprietary food- 
preparation. 
vent (vent) [OFr. fente slit], i. Any opening or 
outlet; especially the anus. 2. An opening that 
discharges pus. 3. Free discharge. 
venter (ven'ter), pl. ven'tres [L. "belly"]. 1. The 
stomach or belly; also the uterus. 2. Any belly- 
shaped part; a hollowed part. v. ante'rior, the 
anterior belly of a muscle or part. v. il'ii, the 
inner concave surface of the ilium. V. i'mus, the 
abdomen, v. me'dius, the thoracic cavity, v. 
poste'rior, the posterior belly of a muscle or part, 
v. propen'dens. 1. Pendulous abdomen. 2. An- 
teroversion of the uterus, v. scap ulae, the sub- 
scapular fossa. V. supre'mus, the cranial cavity. 
ventilation (ven-til-a'shun) [L. ventila'lio], The 
process or act of supplying a house or room con- 
tinuously with fresh air. downward v., that in 
which the outlets have places lower than those of 
the inlets, exhausting v., ventilation by means 
of the exhausting fan or by some other process 
which withdraws the foul air. natural v., ven- 
tilation effected without any special appliance to 
render it certain, plenum v., the supply of fresh 
air to a building by fan-blowers, upward V., 
that which introduces air below the place of its 
withdrawal, vacuum v., that which is effected 
by the forced extraction of air. 
ventouse (vaw-tooz') [Fr.]. A cupping-glass. 
ventrad (ven'trad) [L. ven'ter belly + ad to]. To- 
ward a belly, venter, or ventral aspect. 
ventral (ven'tral) [L. ventra'lis]. Pertaining to the 
belly dr to a venter; abdominal. V. aspect, the 
aspect directed toward the belly. 
ventralward (ven'tral-ward). Same as ventrad. 
ventricle (ven'trik-1) [L. ventriculus]. Any small 
cavity; especially either one of the two lower 
(right and left) cavities of the heart; any one of 
the various cavities of the brain, v. of Arantius, 
the lower end of the fourth ventricle, v's of 
the brain, the cavities within the brain, includ- 
ing the two lateral, the third, the fourth, and the 
fifth ventricles, calossal v., the space between 
either labium cerebri, v. of the cord, the cen- 
tral canal of the spinal cord. Duncan's v., the 
fifth ventricle, fifth v., the narrow space between 
the layers of the septum lucidum. fourth V., 
a space which represents the primitive cavity 
of the hind-brain: it has the pons and oblongata 
in front, while the cerebellum lies dorsad. Galen's 
v., the sacculus laryngis. v's of the heart, one 
of the pair of cavities constituting the lower por- 
tion of the heart. That on the left side (left 
V.) propels the blood through the arteries; that 
on the right side (right v.) forces the blood 
through the pulmonary artery into the lungs. See 
heart. Krause's V. See terminal v. v. of the 
larynx, the space between the true and the false 
vocal cords, lateral v., the space in each hemi- 
sphere representing the cavity of the original cen- 
tral vesicle. Morgagni's v., the sacculus laryn- 
gis. v. of the myelon, the central cavity of the 
spinal cord, optic V., the cavity of an optic lobe 
of the brain, pineal v., the cavity beneath or 
within the. pineal body. Called also recessus 
pinealis. sixth v. See Verga's v. Sylvius' 
V., the fifth ventricle, terminal v., a sac-like 
expansion of the central canal of the spinal cord 
within the conus terminalis. third v., the space 
between the optic thalami which represents the 
cavity of the embryonic forebrain. Verga's v., 
an occasional space between the callosum and the 
fornix. Called also sixth v. Vieussens' V., the 
fifth ventricle. 
ventricolumna (ven"tre-ko-lum'nah). Ventri- 
cornu. 
ventricornu (ven-tre-korinu) [L. ven'ter belly 4- 
co/nu horn]. The anterior ventral cornu of gray 
matter of the spinal cord. 
ventricornual (ven-tre-korinu-al). Pertaining to 
the ventricornu. VENTRICOSE 
1227 
VERBIGERATION 
ventricose (ven'trik-6s). Having an inflation or 
belly on one side. 
ventricular (ven-trik'u-lar). Pertaining to a ven- 
tricle. 
ventricularis (ven-trik-u-la'ris). The thyro-epi- 
glottideus muscle. 
ventriculocordectomy (ven-trik"u-lo-kor-dek'to- 
me). Chevalier Jackson operation for laryngeal 
stenosis with bilateral recurrent paralysis, done by 
excising with the punch forceps the entire ven- 
tricular floor anterior to the vocal process and 
antero-extemal surface of the arytenoid. 
ventriculography (ven-trik-u-log'raf-e) [L. ven- 
tric'ulus ventricle -f- Gr. ypatpetv to print]. Roent- 
genography of the brain following the injection of 
air into the cerebral vesicles: employed for the 
diagnosis of brain tumors. 
ventriculoscopy (ven-trik-u-los'ko-pe) [ventricle + 
Gr. cTKOTreiv to examine]. Direct examination of 
the cerebral ventricles by means of an endoscope 
or cystoscope. 
ventriculus (ven-trik'u-lus). Latin for ventricle 
and for stomach, v. cor'dis, the ventricle of the 
heart, v. laryn'gis (Morgag ni) [B N A], the 
ventricle of the larynx. V. quar'tus [B N A], the 
fourth ventricle. See under ventricle. V. ter- 
mina'lis [B N A], a dilatation of the lower part of 
the conus terminalis. v. ter'tius [B N A], the 
third ventricle. 
ventricumbent (ven-tre-kum'bent) [L. ven'ter 
belly + cum'bere to lie]. Lying upon the belly; 
prone. 
ventriduct (ven'tre-dukt) [L. ven'ter belly + du'- 
cere to draw]. To bring or carry ventrad. 
ventriduction (ven-tre-duk'shun). The act of 
drawing a part ventrad. 
ventrifixation (ven"tre-fiks-a'shun) [L. ven'ter 
belly -f- fixa're to fix]. The stitching of a viscus to 
the abdominal wall. 
ventrifixure (ven'tre-fiks-ur) [L. ventrifix'ura}. Same 
as ventrifixation. 
ventrimesal (ven-trim-e'sal). Pertaining to the 
ventrimeson. 
ventrimeson (ven-trim'es-on) [L. ven'ter belly -f- 
Gr. petrov middle]. The middle line on the ventral 
surface. 
ventripyramid (ven-tre-pir'am-id). The ventral 
pyramid of the oblongata. 
ventrocystorrhaphy (ven"tro-sis-tor'a-fe) [L. 
ven'ter abdomen + cystorrhaphy}. The stitching 
of a cyst, or of the bladder, to the abdominal wall. 
ventrodorsad (ven-tro-dor'sad). From the ventral 
toward the dorsal aspect. 
ventrodorsal (ven-tro-dor'sal). Pertaining to the 
ventral and dorsal surfaces. 
ventrofixation (ven-tro-fiks-a'shun). See ventri- 
fixation. 
ventrohysteropexy (ven-tro-his'ter-o-peks-e). 
Ventrofixation of the uterus. 
ventro-inguinal (ven-tro-ing'win-al). Pertain- 
ing to the abdomen and the inguinal region. 
ventrolateral (ven-tro-lat'er-al). Both ventral 
and lateral, as, ventrolateral tracts of the spinal 
cord. v. mass or muscle. See under mass. 
ventromedian (ven-tro-me'de-an). Both ventral 
and median. 
ventromyel (ven-tro-mi'el) [L. ven'ter belly + Gr. 
pve\bs marrow]. The anterior (ventral) portion 
of the spinal cord. 
ventroposterior (ven-tro-pos-te're-or). Situated 
on the lower hinder part of an organ. 
ventroptosia, ventroptosis (ven-trop-to'se-ah, 
ven-trop-to'sis) [L. ven'ter abdomen + Gr. Tcrwais 
falling], Gastroptosia. 
ventroscopy (ven-tros'ko-pe) [L. ven'ter abdomen 
4- Gr. (TKOTreiv to view]. Illumination of the ab- 
dominal cavity for purposes of examination. 
ventrose (ven'tros) [L. ventro'sus}. Having a 
belly-like expansion. 
ventrosuspension (ven"tro-sus-pen'shun). The 
cure of uterine retroposition by fixing the uterus 
to the abdominal wall. Same as ventrofixation. 
ventrotomy (ven-trot'o-me) [L. ven'ter belly + 
Gr. to^t) a cut]. Same as laparotomy or celiotomy. 
ventrovesicofixation (ven"tro-ves"ik-o-fiks-a'- 
shun) [L. ven'ter belly + vesi' ca bladder + fixa'- 
tio fastening]. The operation of suturing the 
uterus to the bladder and the abdominal wall. 
Called also hysterocystopexy. 
venula (ven'u-lah). See venule. 
venule (ven'ul) [L. ven'ula}. A venous radicle or 
minute vein. 
veraserol (ve-ras-e'rol). A proprietary preparation 
of menthol and formaldehyd: used in nasal condi- 
tions. 
veratralbin (ver-at-ral'bin). An alkaloid from 
Veratrum album. 
veratria (ve-rat're-ah). Same as veratrin. 
veratridin (ver-at'rid-in). One of the alkaloids of 
veratrin, C37H53O11N. 
veratriin (ve-rat're-in). A proprietary powdered 
concentration from Vera'trum vir'ide. Dose, 
^5-5 gr- (0.004-0.033 gm.). 
veratrin (ve-ra'trin). A poisonous alkaloidal 
mixture from sabadilla. It is an irritant, stimu- 
lant, and heart depressant, and produces violent 
sneezing: used, for the most part, externally as a 
counterirritant in neuralgia and rheumatism, in 
the form of an ointment. Dose, gr. (0.001- 
0.006 gm.). 
veratrinize, veratrize (ve-rat'rin-iz, ver'at-riz). 
To bring under the influence of veratrin. 
veratroidin (ver-at-roi'din). A crystallizable 
base, C32H53NO9, from Vera'trum al'bum and 
V. vir'ide: it is a powerful nerve stimulant and 
cardiac inhibitor. 
veratrol (ver'at-rol). An antipyretic oily principle, 
pyrocatechin dimethyl ester, CcH^OCHs^, de- 
rivable from veratric acid: used externally it 
lowers the temperature, and is safer than guaiacol, 
but much more caustic. 
veratrone (ver'at-ron). A proprietary liquid prep- 
aration of veratrum viride. 
Veratrum (ver-a'trum) [L.]. A genus of poisonous 
liliaceous plants. V. al'bum, white hellebore, has 
an emetic, errhine, and cathartic rhizome: used 
externally as an antipruritic and parasiticide. 
Dose, of tincture, 5-10 min. (0.333-0.666 c.c.). 
V. vir'ide, the green hellebore of North Amer- 
ica, and its sedative and depressant rhizome and 
roots. It contains jervin, a depressant of the 
heart and vasomotor centers, while its veratroidin 
stimulates the heart and depresses the spinal motor 
center; hence, it slows the pulse and reduces the 
blood-pressure. It is especially useful in pleurisy 
and sthenic pneumonia, and in nervous or hyper- 
trophic overaction of the heart. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.); of tincture, 
1-5 min. (0.066-0.333 c.c.). 
verbal (ver'bal) [L. ver'bum], Consisting of words; 
affecting words or speech. 
verbascose (ver-bas'kos). A sugar derived from the 
roots of Verbas'cum thap'sus. 
Verbascum (ver-bas'kum) [L.]. A genus of 
scrophulariaceous plants; mullein. V. thap'sus, 
common mullein, is demulcent, emollient, and 
stimulant. Dose of fluidextract, 10-20 min. 
(0.666-1.33 c.c.). 
Verbena (ver-be'nah). A genus of gamopetalous 
herbs and shrubs. V. hasta'ta, blue vervain, is 
used in the treatment of epilepsy. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 5-30 min. (0.333-2 c.c.). 
verbigeration (ver"bij-er-a'shun) [L. verbigera're 
to chatter]. The insane repetition of meaningless 
words and sentences. VERBOMANIA 
1228 
VERSION 
verbomania (ver-bo-ma'ne-ah) [L. ver'ba word + 
Gr. pavla madness]. Insane talkativeness. 
verdigris (veridig-ris) [Fr., from L. vir'ide ce'ris 
copper green]. A mixture of basic copper acetates: 
astringent. 
Verga's groove, ventricle (ver'gahz) [Italian 
anatomist, 1811-1895]. See under groove and 
ventricle. 
vergence (verijens). A movement of convergence, 
divergence, or sursumvergence of the eyes. 
Verheyen's stars (ver-hi'enz) [Philippe Verheyen, 
Flemish anatomist, 1648-1710]. See under star. 
verin (ve'rin). A substance, C28H46NO8, from 
sabadilla. 
verjuice (verijus') [Fr. verjus: verd green + jus 
juice]. The juice of green or unripe grapes, etc. 
Vermale's operation (ver-malz') [Raymond de 
Vermale, French surgeon of the eighteenth century]. 
See operation. 
vermetoid (verimet-oid). Worm-like. 
vermian (verime-an). Pertaining to the vermis of 
the cerebellum. 
Vermicella (ver-mis-el'ah) [L.]. A genus of 
venomous Australian serpents. 
vermicidal (ver-mis-i'dal). Destructive to worms, 
vermicide (verimis-id) [L. ve/mis worm + cce'dere 
to kill]. An anthelmintic drug or medicine de- 
structive to intestinal animal parasites. 
vermicular (ver-mik'u-lar) [L. vermicula'ris, from 
ve/mis worm]. Worm-like in shape or appear- 
ance. 
vermiculation (ver-mik-u-la'shun) [L. vermicula'- 
tio, from ve/mis worm]. Peristaltic or worm-like 
movements, as of the intestine: peristalsis. 
vermicule (verimik-ul). A worm-like structure. 
See also ookinete. 
vermiculose, vermiculous (ver-mik'u-los, -lus). 
Worm-like; also wormy, infected with worms. 
vermiform (verimif-orm) [L. vermifoAmis, from 
veVmis worm + for1 ma shape]. Shaped like a 
worm. See appendix and process. 
vermifugal (ver-mif'u-gal) [L. ve/mis worm + 
juga're to drive away]. Expelling worms or 
intestinal animal parasites. 
vermifuge (verimif-uj) [L. ver'mis worm 4- fuga're 
to expel]. 1. Having the power to expel worms. 
2. A drug or remedy that expels worms or intestinal 
animal parasites. Among the chief vermifuges 
are spigelia, chenopodium, granatum, k'amala, 
kousso, brayera, male-fern, and santonica. See 
anthelmintic. 
vermijelli (ver-me-jel'e). A proprietary ointment 
for pediculosis. 
vermilion (ver-mil'yun) [L. vermil'ium]. Cinnabar, 
or mercuric sulphid, HgS: a red pigment. 
vermin (verimin) [L. ve/mis worm]. An external 
animal parasite; animal ectoparasites collectively. 
verminal (verimin-al). Pertaining or due to 
worms or vermin. 
vermination (ver-min-a'shun) [L. vermina'tio]. 
Infestation with worms or with other vermin. 
verminous (verimin-us) [L. vermino'sus]. Per- 
taining or due to worms. 
vermis (verimis). 1. Latin for worm. 2. The 
median lobe of the cerebellum. 
vermix (ver'miks). The vermiform appendix. 
vermuth, vermouth (verimooth) [Ger. We/muth 
wormwood]. A cordial or liqueur prepared from 
wine and aromatic herbs. 
vernal (ver'nal) [L. verna'lis of the spring], 1, Per- 
taining to or occurring in the spring. 2. A trade 
name for diethylmalonylurea, a colorless, crystal- 
line powder used as a hypnotic. 
Vernes' test (vamz) [A. Vernes, contemporary 
French physician]. See under tests. 
Verneuil's canals, disease, neuroma, opera- 
tion (ver-ne-az') [Aristide August Verneuil, French 
surgeon, 1823-1895]. See under canal, disease, 
neuroma, operation. 
vernier (ver'ne-er) [from Pierre Vernier, French 
physicist, 1580-1637]. A finely graduated scale 
accessory to a more coarsely graduated one for 
measuring fractions of the divisions of the latter. 
vernin (verinin). An alkaloid, ClaH20N8Og+3H2O, 
found in young clover, vetches, and ergot. It 
yields guanin on treating with hydrochloric and 
other acids. 
vernix caseosa (veriniks ka-se-o'sah) [L. " cheesy 
varnish "]. An unctuous substance which covers 
the skin of the fetus. 
Vernonia anthelmin'tica (ver-no'ne-ah). A 
plant called somraj in India: anthelmintic. 
vernonin (ver-no'nin). A cardiac glucosid, Cw- 
H24O7, from Verno'nia ni'gritiana, an African 
plant, resembling digitalin in its action, but less 
toxic. 
verole nerveuse (va-ro'la ner-vus') [Fr.]. Special 
virulence in the nervous symptoms which ac- 
company syphilis. 
veronacetin (ver-on-as'e-tin). A proprietary hyp- 
notic and sedative, containing sodium diethylbar- 
biturate, phenacetin, and codein phosphate. 
veronal (ve'ro-nal). A white powder derived from 
urea, being diethylmalonylurea, (C2Hs)2C(CO-. 
NH)2C0: used as a hypnotic. Dose, 5-15 gr. 
(0.33-1 gm.), v.-sodium, soluble v., the 
sodium salt of veronal: used like the latter. 
Veronica (ve-ron'ik-ah) [L.]. An extensive genus 
of scrophulariaceous plants; speedwell. V. vir- 
gin'ica, Culver's-physic, is a tall herb of North 
America and Asia: cholagogue and cathartic. 
veronidia (ve-ro-nid'e-ah). A proprietary hypnotic 
and antispasmodic. 
verruca (ver-u'kah), pl. verru'cce [L.]. A wart. 
See wart. v. acumina'ta, the fig-wart, moist, 
pointed, or venereal wart; a form of condyloma 
on or near the anus or the genitals, mostly of 
venereal origin, but not always so. Called also 
cauliflower excrescence, v. car'nea, a soft fleshy 
wart. v. digita'ta, a flat wart with finger-like 
excrescences growing from it. V. fllifor'mis, a 
form known as filiform wart. v. gla'bra, a variety 
known as smooth wart. v. gy'ri hippocam'pi, 
one of the wart-like elevations on the convex sur- 
face of the hippocampal gyrus, v. men'strua, 
a homeopathic preparation of the menses of a 
woman with warts. v. molluscifor'mis, 
condyloma, v. necrogen'ica, a warty growth, 
occurring usually about the knuckles or other 
parts of the hands, of those who do dissection or 
postmortem work. It is a form of cutaneous 
tuberculosis. Called also anatomic tubercle, dis- 
section tubercle, postmortem wart, tuberculosis ver- 
rucosa, and lupus verricosus. See tubercle. V. 
perua'na, Peruvian wart; an infectious disease 
of the skin endemic in Peru. It is marked by an 
eruption over the face and extremities which de- 
velops into bleeding, warty tumors, v. pla'na, 
v. seni'lis, v. seborrhoe'ica, a flat, greasy 
wart, seen chiefly upon old or elderly persons. It 
is believed to be a kind of seborrhea, v. sim'plex, 
a wart v. vulga'ris, a wart. 
verruciform (ver-u'sif-orm) [L. verru'ca wart 4- 
for'ma form]. Resembling or shaped like a wart. 
verrucose, verrucous (veriu-kos, ver-u'kus) [L. 
verruco' sus}. Warty; covered with warts. 
verrugas (ver-oo'gas) [Sp.]. Same as verruca 
peruana. 
versicolor (ver-sik'o-lor) [L. ver'tere to turn + co'lor 
color]. Variegated; changing color. 
version (verishun) [L. veflsio}. The act of turning; 
especially the manual turning of the fetus in 
delivery, abdominal v., version performed by 
external manipulation. Called also external v. 
anopelvic v., that which is accomplished by manipulating the pelvis of the fetus by means of 
a finger passed into the rectum of the mother, 
bipolar V., that which is effected by manipulating 
both poles of the fetus, cephalic v., version 
which causes the fetal head to present, com- 
bined V., a combination of external and internal 
version, external V., that which is performed 
by outside manipulation, forced v., ac- 
couchement force, internal v., version per- 
formed by the hand introduced into the uterus, 
pelvic V., that which is performed by manipulat- 
ing the breech, podalic V., version which causes 
the feet to present, spontaneous v., version 
which occurs without artificial interference. 
vertebra (ver'te-brah), pl. ver'tebrce [L.]. 1. Any 
one of the thirty-three bones of the spinal column. 
The vertebrae comprise seven cervical, twelve dorsal, 
five lumbar, five sacral, and four coccygeal. Each 
vertebra is composed of-(a) a body, or centrum, 
forming the main part of the spine; (6) four ar- 
ticulating processes (zygapophyses), by which it is 
joined to the next vertebra. These are sometimes 
called oblique processes-the upper ones the 
ascending oblique, the lower, the descending oblique, 
processes, (c) A spinous process which projects 
directly backward, those of the different vertebrae 
forming, with their points, the ridge of the back, 
(d) Two transverse processes, which stand out at 
right angles, or laterally, from the body of the 
vertebra, and in the thoracic region articulate with 
the ribs. 2. By extension, any one of the segments 
of which the cranium and facial bones have been 
assumed to be made up. basilar v., the lowest 
or last of the lumbar vertebrae, cervical v., 
the seven vertebrae of the neck, coccygeal v., the 
rudimentary vertebrae of the coccyx, cranial v., 
the segments of the skull and facial bones, by some 
regarded as modified vertebrae, v. denta'ta, 
the axis, dorsal V., the eleven vertebrae which 
connect the ribs and form part of the posterior wall 
of the thorax, false v., the segments of the 
sacrum and the coccyx, lumbar v., the five 
vertebrae between the dorsal vertebrae and the 
sacrum, v. mag'num, the sacrum, odon- 
toid v., the axis. v. prom'inens, the seventh 
cervical vertebra, sacral v., the fused segments 
forming the sacrum, sternal V. Same as sternebra. 
thoracic v., the dorsal vertebra, tricuspid 
V., the sixth cervical vertebra of quadrupeds, 
true V., the vertebrae which remain unfused 
through life. 
vertebral (verTe-bral) [L. vertebra'Us]. Of or per- 
taining to a vertebra. 
vertebrarium (ver-te-bra're-um) [LJ. The spinal 
column. 
vertebrarterial (ver"teb-rahr-te're-al). Pertain- 
ing to the vertebral artery. 
Vertebrata (ver-te-bra'tah). A division of the 
animal kingdom comprising all animals that have 
a vertebral column, and including mammals, birds, 
reptiles, and fishes. 
vertebrate (ver'te-brat) [L. vertebra'tus]. Having 
a vertebral column. 
vertebrated (ver'te-bra-ted). Made up of joints 
resembling the vertebrae. 
vertebrectomy (ver-te-brek'to-me) [vertebra + Gr. 
eKTouv excision]. Excision of a vertebra. 
vertebro-arterial (ver"te-bro-ar-te're-al). Ver- 
tebrarterial. 
vertebrochondral (ver"te-bro-kon'dral) [verte- 
bral + chondral]. Pertaining to a vertebra and 
a costal cartilage. See rib. 
vertebrocostal (ver"te-bro-kos'tal) [L. ve/tebra 
vertebra + cos'ta rib]. Pertaining to a vertebra 
and a rib. See rib. 
vertebrodidymia (ver"te-bro-did-im'e-ah) [ver- 
tebra + Gr. blbvfMS twin]. A twin monster 
united by the vertebras. 
vertebrodymus (ver-te-brod'im-us). A twin-mon- 
ster united by the vertebrae. 
VERTEBRA 
1229 
vertebrofemoral (ver"te-bro-fem'or-al). Relating 
to the vertebrae and the femur. 
vertebro-iliac (ver"te-bro-il'e-ak). Pertaining to 
the vertebrae and the ilium. 
vertebromammary (ver"te-bro-mam'a-re). Per- 
taining to or extending between the vertebral and 
mammary aspects of the chest. 
vertebrosacral (ver"te-bro-sa'kral). Pertaining 
to the vertebrae and the sacrum. 
vertebrosternal (ver"te-bro-ster'nal). Pertain- 
ing to the vertebrae and the sternum. 
vertex (ver'teks), pl. vertices [L.]. The summit or 
top; the crown of the head. V. cor'dis, the 
apex of the heart, v. cor'neae, the vertex of the 
cornea, v. presentation. See presentation. V. 
vesi'cse, the apex of the bladder. 
vertical (ver'tik-al). i. Perpendicular. 2. Relat- 
ing to the vertex. 
verticillate (ver-tis-il'at) [L. ver'tex a whorl]. Ar- 
ranged in the form of a whorl. 
Verticillium graphii (ver-tis-il'e-um gra'fe-i). 
A mold sometimes occurring in otitis externa. 
verticomental (ver"tik-o-men'tal). Pertaining to 
the vertex and the chin. 
vertiginous (ver-tij'in-us) [L. vertigino'sus]. Per- 
taining to or affected with vertigo. 
vertigo (ver'tig-o, properly ver-ti'go) [L. verti'go]. 
Dizziness; giddiness; disorder of the equili- 
brating sense, marked by a swimming in the 
head; a sense of instability and of apparent 
rotatory movement of the body or of other ob- 
jects. Vertigo may result from disease of the 
middle ear (Meniere's disease), from cardiac, 
gastric, or ocular disorders, from some peripheral 
irritations (as laryngeal vertigo), as a precursor 
of an epileptic fit, in hysteria, from toxemias (as 
Bright's disease), from organic brain disease, and 
from unrecognized causes (essential vertigo), 
v. ab au're lae'so, auditory vertigo, v. ab 
stom'acho lae'so, stomachal vertigo, arterio- 
sclerotic V., vertigo due to arteriosclerosis of the 
cerebral vessels, auditory v., aural v., that 
which is due to ear disease, cardiac v., vertigo due 
to some chronic disease of the heart, cardiovas- 
cular v., vertigo due to sclerosis of the blood- 
vessels and heart, cerebral v., that which is 
due to some brain disease, endemic paralytic 
v., Gerlier's disease, epileptic v., that which 
attends or follows an epileptic attack, v. e 
stom'acho lae'so, vertigo due to chronic gas- 
tritis. essential v., a vertigo, often severe, 
but of no discoverable cause; probably due to some 
disease or lesion in a brain center, gastric v., 
a form associated with disease or disorder of the 
stomach, height V., dizziness felt on looking 
down from a high location. horizontal 
V., that which comes on when a person lies down, 
hysteric V., vertigo associated with hysteric 
symptoms, often of a bizarre form, kayak v., 
an affection occurring among Esquimaux and 
marked by fear of capsizing and drowning coming 
on while in the native canoe or kayak, laby- 
rinthine V., a form associated with disease 
of the labyrinth of the ear. laryngeal v., 
spasm of the larynx, with vertigo and loss of 
consciousness, lateral v., that which is caused 
by rapidly passing a row of similar objects, as 
a fence or series of pillars. lithemic v., that 
which is associated with gout and lithemia. 
mechanic v., vertigo due to long-continued 
turning or vibration of the body, as in sea-sickness, 
neurasthenic v., a subjective form of ver- 
tiginous sensation associated with neurasthenia, 
nocturnal v., a sensation of falling coming on 
just after going to sleep, objective v., a form 
in which the objects seen by the patient seem 
to be moving around him. ocular v., a form 
due to eye disease, especially to paralysis of 
or lack of balance in the eye muscles, olean- 
der v., a variety said to be caused by the ad- 
ministration of oleander, organic v., vertigo 
VERTIGO VERUMONTANITIS 
1230 
VESICO-URACHAL 
which is due to brain disease or to locomotor ataxia, 
paralyzing v., Gerlier's disease; a disease of farm- 
laborers, attended with pains in the head and neck, 
giddiness, and muscular paresis, peripheral v., 
vertigo due to irritation in some part distant from 
the brain, riders' v., a form of mechanic ver- 
tigo produced by riding in cars, rotary v., 
rotatory v., vertigo in which there is a definite 
feeling of rotation, sense v., the vesicular 
rudiment of a sense organ in the embryo, sham- 
movement V., vertigo attended by a sensa- 
tion as if objects were circling around the body, 
smokers' v., vertigo occurring as a result 
of excessive smoking, and generally in persons past 
middle life, special-sense v., aural or ocular 
vertigo; also that which occurs in waltzing, swing- 
ing, swimming, or sailing, stomachal v., ver- 
tigo due to arrest of digestion and distention 
of the stomach. subjective V., that in which 
the patient seems to himself to be turning round 
and round, systematic V. Same as rotary 
v. toxemic v., toxic v., a form of vertigo 
which results from poisoning, alcoholism, ure- 
mia, or lithemia. vertical v., that which is 
caused by looking up or down at a distant object, 
villous V., that which is caused by a functional 
derangement of the liver, voltaic V., an in- 
clination of the head toward the shoulder on the 
side of the positive pole when a galvanic current 
is applied to the vestibular fibers of the eighth 
nerve. 
verumontanitis (ve"ru-mon-tan-i'tis). Inflam- 
mation of the verumontanum. 
verumontanum (ve"ru-mon-ta'num) [L. " moun- 
tain ridge "]. A rounded projection on the 
floor of the prostatic portion of the urethra. 
Called also caput gallinaginis. 
vervain (ver7van). See Verbena. 
Ves. Abbreviation for L. ves'ica, the bladder. 
vesalanium (ves-al-a'ne-um). Any one of several 
sesamoid bones; one on the outer border of the foot 
between the cuboid and fifth metatarsal bone, and 
one (sometimes more) in the tendon of origin of the 
gastrocnemius muscle. 
Vesalius' foramen, ligament, vein, etc. 
(ves-a'le-us) [Andreas Vesalius (Andre Wesal), 
Belgian anatomist and physician, 1514-1564, the 
most eminent anatomist of the sixteenth century. 
His great work on anatomy is entitled "De Corporis 
Humane Fabrica Libri Septem" or "Seven Books on 
the Structure of the Human Body"]. See foramen, 
ligament, vein, etc. 
vesalvin (ves-al'vin). A trade name for urotropin, 
vesania (ve-sa'ne-ah) [LJ. Strict insanity with 
neither coma nor pyrexia. 
vesanic (ve-san'ik). Pertaining to strict or pure 
insanity. V. type. See type. 
vesculan (ves'ku-lan). A proprietary antifat 
remedy. 
Vesic. Abbreviation for L. vesic'ula, vesicato'rium, 
a blister. 
vesica (ves-i'kah). Latin for bladder, v. fel'lea 
[B N A], the gall-bladder, v. prostat'ica, the 
sinus pocularis. V. urina'ria [B N A], the urinary 
bladder. 
vesical (ves'ik-al). Pertaining to the bladder. 
vesicant (ves'ik-ant) [L. vesi'ca blister], 1. Causing 
blisters; blistering. 2. A blistering drug or agent. 
vesication (ves-ik-a'shun). 1. The process of 
blistering. 2. A blistered spot or surface. 
vesicatory (ves'ik-at-or-e) [L. vesica're to blister]. 
Causing vesication; blistering, 
vesicle (ves'ik-1) [L. vesidula, dim. of vesi'ca bladder]. 
1. A small bladder or sac containing liquid. 2. A 
small blister; a small circumscribed elevation of the 
epidermis containing a serous liquid, acoustic 
V., auditory vesicle, air-v., an air-cell, vacuole, 
or saccule of the lung tissue, allantoic v., the 
internal hollow portion of the allantois, archo- 
plasmic v., a sac developed from the attraction- 
sphere of a spermatid and growing into the sheath 
of the tail of the spermatozoon. Ascherson's 
v's, small vesicles formed by shaking together oil 
and liquid albumin. They consist of drops of oil 
inclosed in a layer of albumin, auditory v., the 
epiblastic expansion which becomes the membran- 
ous labyrinth. Baer's v., the ovule, blasto- 
dermic V., the sac formed by the blastoderm. 
See blastoderm, cephalic v., cerebral v., the 
embryonic expansion of the neural canal whence the 
brain is formed, compound v., a vesicle on the 
skin containing more than one chamber, en- 
cephalic v's, the cerebral vesicles, germinal 
V., the nucleus of an ovum, graafian v., the 
structure which holds the ovum while still within 
the ovary. lens-V., a vesicle formed from the 
lens-pit of the embryo and developing into the 
crystalline lens. Called also lens-sac. Malpig- 
hi's v's, the alveoli of the lungs. Naboth's 
v's. See Naboth's follicles, under follicle, oc- 
ular v. Same as optic v. olfactory v., the 
. vesicle in the embryo which later forms the olfac- 
tory bulb and tract, ophthalmic v. Same as 
ocular v. optic V., a process of the cerebral vesi- 
cle whence the percipient parts of the eye are 
formed, otic v. See auditory v. pituitary 
V., the embryonic structure which develops into 
the pituitary body, prostatic v., the sinus 
pocularis. Purkinje's v., the germinal vesicle, 
seminal v., either one of the two reservoirs 
for the semen, simple v., a vesicle on the 
skin having only a single chamber, umbilical 
V.,that part of the yolk-sac which is outside the 
body of the embryo, being joined with it by means 
of the umbilical or omphalomesenteric duct. 
vesico-abdominal (ves"ik-o-ab-dom'in-al). Per- 
taining to the abdomen and the urinary bladder. 
vesicocavernous (ves"ik-o-kav'er-nus) [vesical + 
cavernous]. Both vesicular and cavernous. 
vesicocele (ves'ik-o-sel) [L. vesi'ca bladder + Gr. 
ktjXt) hernia]. Hernial protrusion of the bladder. 
vesicocervical (ves"ik-o-ser'vik-al) [L. vesi'ca 
bladder + ce/vix neck]. Pertaining to the bladder 
and the cervix uteri. 
vesicoclysis (ves-ik-ok'lis-is) [L. vesi'ca bladder 
+ Gr. kXwtis washing]. The injection of a fluid 
into the bladder. 
vesicofixation (ves"ik-o-fiks-a'shun) [L. vesi'ca 
bladder + fixation], i. The stitching of the 
uterus to the bladder. 2. The surgical fixation 
of the bladder; cystopexy. 
vesicoprostatic (ves"ik-o-pros-tat'ik). Pertain- 
ing to the bladder and the prostate. 
vesicopubic (ves"ik-o-pu'bik). Pertaining to the 
bladder and the pubes, v. ligament, a liga- 
ment extending from the urinary bladder to the 
pubis, v. muscles. See muscles, table of. 
vesicorectal (ves"ik-o-rek'tal). Pertaining to the 
bladder and the rectum. 
vesicosigmoid (ves"ik-o-sig'moid). Pertaining to 
the bladder and sigmoid flexure. 
vesicosigmoidostomy (ves"ik-o-sig-moi-dos'to- 
me) [L. vesi'ca bladder + sigmoid flexure + Gr. 
aToua, mouth]. The operation of making a per- 
manent communication between the bladder and 
sigmoid flexure. 
vesicospinal (ves"ik-o-spi'nal). Pertaining to the 
bladder and the spine. 
vesicotomy (ves-ik-ot'o-me) [L. vesi'ca bladder + 
Gr. renveiv to cut]. A surgical incision or cutting 
into the bladder; cystotomy. 
vesico-umbilical (ves"ik-o-um-bil'ik-al). Per- 
taining to the umbilicus and the bladder, v. 
ligaments, the peritoneal folds extending from 
the bladder to the umbilicus. The central one 
covers the urachus; the others inclose the remains 
of the hypogastric arteries. 
vesico-urachal (ves"ik-o-u'rak-al). Pertaining to 
the bladder and the urachus. VESICO-URETERAL 
1231 
VIABLE 
vesico-ureteral (ves"ik-o-u-re'ter-al). Pertain- 
ing to the bladder and the ureter. 
vesico-urethral (ves"ik-o-u-re'thral). Pertaining 
to the bladder and the urethra. 
vesico-uterine (ves"ik-o-u'ter-in). Of or pertain- 
ing to the bladder and the uterus, v. folds, V. 
ligaments, two peritoneal folds extending from 
the bladder to the cervix uteri. V. pouch, a 
pouch of peritoneum between the uterus and the 
bladder. 
vesico-uterovaginal (ves"ik-o-u "ter-o-vaj 'in-al). 
Pertaining to or joining the bladder, uterus, and 
vagina. 
vesicovaginal (ves"ik-o-vaj'in-al). Pertaining to 
the bladder and vagina. 
vesicovaginorectal (ves"ik-o-vaj"in-o-rek'tal). 
Pertaining to the bladder, vagina, and rectum, 
as, vesicovaginorectal fistula. 
vesicula (ves-ik'u-lah), pl. vesic'ulce. Latin for 
vesicle, v. fel'lis, the gall-bladder, v. ger- 
minati'va, the germinal vesicle. See vesicle. 
V. graafia'na, a graafian vesicle. See vesicle. 
V. nabo'thi, Naboth's follicles. See follicle. 
v. ophthal'mica [B N A], the optic vesicle, v. 
prolig'era, secondaryjor daughter cysts produced 
by budding from a cysticercus cyst. v. prostat'- 
ica, the sinus pocularis. v. semina'lis [B N A], 
the seminal vesicles. V. sero'sa, the false amnion. 
See amnion. 
vesicular (ves-ik'u-lar) [L. vesic'ula a little bladder], 
i. Composed of or relating to small, sac-like bodies. 
2. Pertaining to or made up of vesicles on the skin. 
vesiculase (ves-ik'u-las). A ferment from the pros- 
tate gland which coagulates semen. 
vesiculated (ves-ik'u-la-ted) [L. vesic'ula a little 
. bladder]. Made up of vesicles. 
vesiculation (ves-ik-u-la'shun) [L. vesic'ula a little 
bladder]. The presence or formation of vesicles. 
vesiculectomy (ves"ik-u-lek'to-me) [vesicle + Gr. 
tK-ropf) excision]. Excision of a vesicle, especially 
the seminal vesicle. 
vesiculiform (ves-ik'u-li-form) [L. vesic'ula vesicle 
4- for'ma form]. Shaped like a vesicle. 
vesiculitis (ves"ik-u-li'tis) [L. vesic'ula vesicle + 
Gr. -iris inflammation]. Inflammation of a vesicle, 
especially of a seminal vesicle, seminal v., in- 
flammation of a seminal vesicle. 
vesiculobronchial (ves-ik"u-lo-brong'ke-al). Both 
vesicular and bronchial. See respiration. 
vesiculocavernous (ves-ik"u-lo-kav'er-nus). Both 
vesicular and cavernous. See respiration. 
vesiculogram (ves-ik'u-lo-gram). A Roentgen ray 
picture of the seminal vesicles. 
vesiculography (ves-ik-u-log'raf-e). Radiography 
of the seminal vesicles. 
vesiculopapular (ves-ik"u-lo-pap'u-lar). Consist- 
ing of vesicles and papules. 
vesiculopustular (ves-ik"u-lo-pus'tu-lar). Marked 
by the presence of vesicles and pustules. 
vesiculose (ves-ik'u-lbs). Vesicular. 
vesiculotomy (ves-ik-u-lot'o-me) [L. vesic'ula 
vesicle + Gr. ropi] a cut]. The operation of cutting 
into a vesicle, seminal v., the operation of 
exposing and opening the seminal vesicles. 
vesiculotubular (ves-ik"u-lo-tu'bu-lar). Having 
both a vesicular and a tubular quality. 
vesiculotympanic (ves-ik"u-lo-tim-pan'ik). Hav- 
ing both a vesicular and a tympanic quality. 
vesipyrin (ves-ip-i'rin). Same as spiroform. 
Vespa crabro (ves'pah kra'bro). A common wasp 
of Europe; also its homeopathic preparation. 
vespajus (ves-pa'jus). Suppurative inflammation 
of the hairy part of the scalp. 
vessel (ves'el). Any canal for carrying a fluid, 
such as the blood or lymph, absorbent v's, 
the lymphatics and lacteals, and the capillaries 
and minute veins of the stomach and intestine. 
bile v., one of the vessels in the liver which.con- 
duct bile, blood-v., one of the vessels conveying 
the blood, and comprising the arteries, veins, and 
capillaries, chyliferous v's, lacteal vessels; ab- 
sorbent vessels transporting chyle from the in- 
testinal villi to the thoracic duct, collateral v., 
a branch of an artery extending parallel to the 
artery from which it is given off. hemor- 
rhoidal v's, varicose veins of the rectum. Jung- 
bluth's v's, certain nutrient vessels of early 
embryonic life situated beneath the amnion, 
lacteal v's. See chyliferous v's. lymph-v., 
lymphatic v., one of the channels by which the 
lymph is conveyed, nutrient v's, the vessels 
that supply the interior of the bones, 
vessicnon, vessignon (ves'ik-non, ves'en-yon) 
[Fr.]. A tumor within the synovial membrane 
of a joint, especially of the hock of a horse. Called 
also wind-gall. 
vestibular (ves-tib'u-lar). Pertaining to a vestibule. 
V. glands, the glands of the vestibule of the vagina, 
including the glands of Bartholin and the peri- 
urethral glands. 
vestibule (ves'tib-ul) [L. vestib'ulum]. The oval 
cavity of the internal ear, forming the approach to 
the cochlea. See ear. v. of the aorta, a small 
space within the left ventricle at the root of the 
aorta, v. of the ear, a cavity at the entrance 
to the cochlea within the internal ear. Gibson's 
v., the vestibule of the aorta, v. of the larynx, 
the portion of the laryngeal cavity above the vocal 
cords, v. of the mouth, the part of the mouth 
exterior to the teeth, v. of the nose, the ante- 
rior part of the nostrils, v. of the pharynx, 
the fauces, or the oropharynx. Sibson's v., 
vestibule of the aorta, v. of the vagina, V. of 
the vulva, the space below the clitoris and be- 
tween the nympha:. 
vestibulotomy (ves-tib-u-lot'o-me) [vestibule + 
Gr. rop-q a cutting]. Surgical opening of the 
vestibule of the inner ear. 
vestibulo-urethral (ves-tib"u-lo-u-re'thral). Per- 
taining to the vestibule of the vulva and to the 
urethra. 
vestibulum (ves-tib'u-lum). Latin for vestibule, 
sr. bur'sae omenta'lis [B N A], the upper part of 
the omental bursa, v. laryn'gis. See vestibule of 
the larynx, v. na'si, vestibule of the nose. v. 
o'ris, the vestibule of the mouth, v. vagi'n® 
[B N A], vestibule of the vagina. 
vestige (ves'tij) [L. vestig'ium], A rudimentary or 
degenerative part which either in the embryo or in 
some other species or organism is well developed. 
vestigial (ves-tij'e-al). Of the nature of a vestige, 
trace, or relic; rudimentary. 
vestigium (ves-tij'e-um). Vestige. 
vestosol (ves'to-sol). A formaldehyd ointment 
used as a disinfectant and deodorant. 
vesuvin (ve-su'vin). Bismarck-brown, or tri- 
amido-azobenzene: used as a microscopic stain. 
See stains, table of. 
vesypin (ves'ip-in). Acetylsalol. 
veta (va'tah) [Sp.]. Mountain-sickness of the 
Andes. 
veterinarian (vet"er-in-a're-an). One who prac- 
tises veterinary medicine. 
veterinary (vet'er-in-a-re) ]L. veterina'rius}. i. 
Pertaining to domestic animals and their dis- 
eases. 2. A veterinarian. 
vetol (ve'tol). A proprietary remedy for sexual im- 
potence in animals. 
V. f. Abbreviation for field of vision. 
via (vi'ah), pl vi'a [L.]. A way or passage, V. 
natura'les, the natural passages of the body. 
viability (vi-ab-il'it-e). Ability to live after birth, 
viable (vi'ab-1). Capable of living outside of the 
uterus: said of a fetus that has reached such a 
stage of development that it can live outside of the 
uterus. VIAL 
vial (vi'al) [Gr. <pia.\q]. A small bottle or phial, 
vib. Abbreviation for vibration. 
vibex, vibix (vi'beks, vi'biks), pl. vib'ices [L.]. A 
narrow linear mark or streak; a linear subcutaneous 
effusion of blood. 
vibratile (vi'brat-il) [L. vibrati'lis], Having an 
oscillatory motion; swaying or moving to and fro. 
vibration (vi-bra'shun) (L. vibra'tio, from vibra're 
to shake]. 1. A rapid movement to and fro; os- 
cillation. 2. The shaking of the body as a thera- 
peutic measure. 3. A form of massage, photo- 
electric V., a change in the position of the visual 
cells, and a series of photo-electric movements in 
the rods and cones under the influence of light. 
vibrative (vib'rat-iv). A consonantal sound like 
that of r, produced by so forcing the breath that 
the margins of a narrow portion of the respiratory 
canal are made to vibrate, the nasal cavity being 
shut off. 
vibratode (vi'bra-tod). The instrument or appli- 
ance at the end of a vibratory appliance by which 
the vibrations are applied to the body. 
vibrator (vi-bra'tor). An instrument used in the 
mechanic treatment of disease. 
vibratory (vi'brat-or-e) [L. vibrato'rius]. Vibrating 
or causing vibration, v. cicatrix, a cicatrix 
which vibrates with the pulse, the respiration, or 
the voice. 
Vibrio (vib're-o), pl. vibrio'nes [L.]. A genus of the 
family Spirillacece in the form of short curved rods, 
motile by means of one, two, or three polar flagellae. 
V. aquat'ilis Gunther, a species resembling 
the spirillum of cholera: derived from river water. 
V. au'reus, a species from the air and mud of 
sewers: in immotile, polymorphous filaments; it 
forms a golden-yellow pigment. V. berolinen'- 
sis, a species from the river water of Berlin, 
resembling the cholera spirillum. V. chol'erae 
asiat'icae, a small, curved, motile, Gram-negative 
organism found in the rice-water stools of cholera 
cases and believed to be the cause of the disease. 
V. danu'bicus, a saprophytic species from 
water. V. desulfur'icans, a zymogenic species 
from pit water. V. fe'tus, a species found in 
cases of infectious abortion in cattle. V. finck'- 
leri. See V. proteus. V. flaves'cens, a species 
from sewer-mud and air, like V. au'reus, but pro- 
ducing a greenish-yellow pigment. V. fla'vus, a 
species from the air and mud of sewers, like V. 
au'reus, but forming an ochraceous pigment. V. 
gind'ha, a species in long curved rods found in 
water.and pathogenic for guinea-pigs. V. kegal- 
len'sis, a species resembling V. cholera, but not 
subject to agglutination by cholera serum. V. 
lingua'lis, a form much resembling the cholera 
spirillum from mice inoculated with the coating 
of the tongue: toxic, but said not to be pathogenic. 
V. maszau'ah, a pathogenic organism from the 
dejections of a local epidemic at Massowah re- 
sembling cholera: it is much like the cholera bacil- 
lus, but has four flagella and is more pathogenic. 
V. metchniko'vii, a species closely resembling 
the germ of Asiatic cholera, from a kind of chicken 
cholera; actively .motile: it causes a deadly sep- 
ticemia. V. mil'leri, a species from carious 
teeth. V. nasa'lis, a form in non-motile, curved 
rods from the buccal cavity and nasal mucus: 
pathogenic to animals. V. parachol'erae, 
Vibrio gindha. Pasteur's v., the organism of 
malignant edema. V. pro'teus, the Finkler- 
Prior vibrio, from feces, in motile, curved rods, 
less curved than the cholera spirillum; actively 
pathogenic: its cultures produce cadaverin. V. 
sapro'philes, a species in three forms (I, II, and 
III) from sewer-mud, etc.; actively motile, not 
pathogenic. V. schuylkillien'sis, a pathogenic 
spirillum from the water of the Schuylkill, at 
Philadelphia; closely related to V. metchniko'vii. 
V. sep'ticus, vibrion septique. V. tyro'genus, 
a species resembling the comma vibrio found in 
cheese. 
1232 
vibrion septique (ve-bre-on' sep-tek'). Pasteur's 
name for a Gram-positive anaerobic organism 
found by him in the edematous tissue of an animal 
inoculated with putrid flesh. It has been found in 
cases of gaseous gangrene in new wounds. See 
Clostridium septique. 
vibrissae (vi-bris'e) [L.]. The hairs within the 
nostrils; also the whiskers of a cat. 
vibrolode (vi'bro-lod). Same as vibratode. 
vibromasseur (vib^ro-mahs-ur7) [Fr.]. An in- 
strument used in vibratory massage for diseases 
of the ear. 
vibrometer (vi-brom'et-er) [L. vi'bro to quiver + 
me'trum measure]. A device used in the treat- 
ment of deafness due to deposits of plastic material 
or inspissated mucus: it acts by producing vibra- 
tions which tend to break up adhesions. 
vibrophone (vib'ro-fon) [L. vi'bro to quiver + Gr. 
<po>vq sound]. An instrument similar to a vibrom- 
eter, and used for the same purpose. 
vibrotherapeutics (vi"bro-ther-ap-u'tiks) [L. vi'- 
bro to shake + therapeutics]. The therapeutic 
use of vibratory appliances. 
viburnin (vi-buPnin). An extract from viburnum 
used in uterine aSections. 
Viburnum (vi-bur'num) [L.]. A genus of capri- 
foliaceous trees and shrubs. V. op'ulus, or 
cranberry tree, affords cramp-bark, which is anti- 
spasmodic, and is used in asthma, hysteria, and 
dysmenorrhea. Dose of fluidextract, J-i fl.dr. 
(2-4 c.c.). V. prunifo'lium, black haw, is 
used mainly in uterine diseases, as dysmenorrhea, 
menstrual colic, etc. Dose of fluidextract, J-i fl.dr. 
(2-4 c.c.). 
vibutero (vi-bu'ter-o). A preparation of viburnum 
and saw-palmetto: used as a uterine tonic. 
vicarious (vi-ka're-us) [L. vica'rius], Acting in 
the place of another or of something else; also 
occurring in an abnormal situation, as, vicarious 
menstruation. 
vice (vis) [L. vifium], A blemish, defect, or im- 
perfection. 
vicho (ve'tsho). A vernacular Peruvian name for 
dysentery; the protrusion of the rectum being at- 
tributed to the presence of an insect (vicho). 
Vichy water (ve'she). A mineral water from a 
spring at Vichy, in France; used in rheumatism, 
diabetes, and in various gastrohepatic and hepatic 
disorders. 
vicilin (vi'sil-in). A protein from lentils. 
vicin (vi'sin). A hexose glucosid of a pyrimidin base, 
vicious (vish'us) [L. vitio'sus]. Faulty or defective; 
malformed. 
vicocoa (vi-ko'ko-ah). A preparation of malt, 
kola, and cacao. 
Vicq d'Azyr's bundle, etc. (vik daz-ar') [Felix 
Vicq d'Azyr, a French anatomist, 1748-1794]. 
See bundle, etc. 
Victoria blue (vik-to're-ah). A blue stain, phenyl- 
tetramethyltriamido-alphanaphthyl diphenylcarbi- 
nol hydrochlorid, used in the examination of his- 
tologic specimens. V. orange, a salt of dinitro- 
cresol, a stain used in histology. 
victorium (vik-to're-um) [after Queen Victoria]. 
A metallic earth-element discovered in 1898 by 
Sir W. Crookes. Symbol, Vi Obsolete. 
Vidal's operation (ve-dalz') [Auguste Theodore 
Vidal de Cassis, French surgeon, 1803-1856]. See 
operation. 
Vidal's treatment (ve-dalz^ [Emile Vidal, der- 
matologist in Paris, 1825-1893]. See treatment. 
vidian (vid'e-an). Discovered by or named in honor 
of Guido or Guidi Vidius, Italian physician, 1500- 
1569. See artery, canal, nerve. 
vieirin, vierin (ve-a'ir-in, vi-e'rin). An aromatic, 
white, bitter substance from Remij'ia veloz'ii, a 
tropical American tree: an antiperiodic. Dose, 
1-3 gr- (0.066-0.2 gm.). 
VIEIRIN VIENNA PASTE 
1233 
VIPERINE 
Vienna paste (ve-en'ah). See paste. 
Vierordt's hemotachometer (fer'orts) [Karl 
Vierordt, German clinician, 1818-1884]. See 
hemotachometer. 
Vieussens' ansa, artery, ring, valve, etc. 
(ve-uh-sahz') [Raymond de Vieussens, French an- 
atomist, 1641-1715]. See the nouns. 
Viferral (vi-fer'al). Hydronal. 
vigilambulism (vij-il-am'bu-lizm). A state re- 
sembling somnambulism, but not occurring in 
sleep; double or multiple personality. 
vigilance (vij'il-ans) [L. vigilan'tid\. Morbid wake- 
fulness. 
vigintinormal (vij-in-tin-or'mal) [L. vigin'ti twenty 
+ no/ma rule]. Having one-twentieth of what is 
normal. 
Vignal's bacillus, cells (vin-yalz') [Guillaume 
Vignal, French physiologist of the nineteenth cen- 
tury]. See bacillus and cell. 
vignin (vig'nin). A protein from the coro-pea. 
vigoral (vig'or-al). A proprietary beef food-prep- 
aration. 
Vigo's plaster (vi'goz) [Giovanni di Vigo, Italina 
surgeon, 1460-1520]. See plaster. 
Vigouroux's sign (vig-oo-rooz') [Auguste Vigour- 
oux, a French neurologist of the 19th century]. 
See sign. 
Villard's button (ve-larz') [E. Villard, contempo- 
rary surgeon in Lyons]. See button. 
Villarsia nymphaeoi'des (vil-ar'ze-ah). An old- 
world gentianaceous plant: antiscorbutic. 
Villemin's theory (vel-mahz') [Jean Antoine 
Ville min, French surgeon, 1827-1892]. See theory. 
villi (vil'e) [L.]. The plural of villus. 
villiferous (vil-if'er-us). Having or bearing villi. 
villitis (vil-i'tis) [vil'lus + Gr. -ins inflammation]. 
Inflammation of the villous tissue of the coronet 
and of the plantar substance of a horse's foot. 
villoma, villioma (vil-o'mah, vil-e-o'mah) [villus 
+ Gr. -upa tumor]. A villous tumor, chiefly 
of the rectum. 
villose, villous (vil-6s', vil'us) [L. villo'sus]. Shaggy, 
with soft hairs; covered with villi. 
villositis (vil"o-si'tis) [L. villo'sus + Gr. -iris in- 
flammation]. A bacterial disease characterized by 
alterations in the villosities of the placenta. 
villosity (vil-os'it-e). 1. The condition of being 
covered with villi. 2. A villus. 
villous (vil'us). See villose. 
villus (vil'us), pl. vil'li [L.]. 1. A vascular chorionic 
tuft [chorionic v,). 2. A minute, club-shaped 
projection from the mucous membrane of the 
intestine [intestinal vf. It consists of a central 
axis of lacteals, capillaries, cellular tissue, and 
unstriped muscle, covered by a nascent membrane, 
upon which is a layer of columnar epithelium. 
Its function is to absorb fat and other digestive 
products and to secrete mucus, pleural v., one 
of the shaggy appendages of the pleura near the 
costomediastinal sinus, synovial v., one of the 
thread-like processes of a synovial membrane. 
Vin., vin. An abbreviation for L. vi'num, wine. 
Vinca minor (vin'kah mi'nor). An apocynaceous 
plant; lesser periwinkle; also its homeopathic 
preparation. 
vincennite (vin'sen-it). A war gas mixture com- 
posed of hydrocyanic acid, stannic chlorid, arsenic 
trichlorid, and chloroform. 
Vincent's angina, bacillus, sign, etc. (vin'- 
sents) [H. Vincent, physician in Paris, born 1862]. 
See angina, bacillus, sign, etc. 
vinchuca (vin-tshu'kah). Lamus infestans. 
vinculum (vin'ku-lum), pl. vin'cula [L.]. A band, 
frenum, or ligament, v. lin'guae, the frenum of 
the tongue, vin'cula lin'guae cerebel'li, 
the lateral prolongations of the lingula of the 
cerebellum, v. ten'dinum. 1. Slender ten- 
dinous folds in the sheaths of the flexor tendons 
of the fingers, connecting the flexor tendons with the 
phalanges. 2. The retinaculum tendinum. 
vinegar (vin'e-gar) [Fr. vinaigre sour wine]. 1. 
A weak and impure dilution of acetic acid; espe- 
cially a sour liquid consisting chiefly of acetic acid, 
formed by the fermentation of cider, wine, etc., 
or by the distillation of wood. 2. A medicinal 
preparation of dilute acetic acid. See under 
acetum. aromatic V., a refreshing and restorative 
preparation of alcohol, dilute acetic acid, and 
various aromatic oils, cider-v., vinegar made 
of cider by acetous fermentation. V. of lead, 
solution of lead subacetate. Marseilles' v., 
thieves' V. 1. An ancient medicine containing 
camphor, garlic, etc., formerly regarded as a pro- 
phylactic of sovereign quality. 2. Same as aro 
malic v. WOOd-V., impure acetic acid obtained by 
the destructive distillation of wood. 
vinic (vi'nik) [L. vi'num wine]. Pertaining to wine, 
vinolia (vi-no'le-ah). A proprietary toilet and 
healing preparation. 
vinometer (vi-nom'et-er) [L. vi'num wine + Gr. 
perpov measure]. An instrument for estimating 
the percentage of alcohol in wine. 
vinopyrin (vi-no-pi'rin). A proprietary bitartrate 
of paraphenetidin, used as an antipyretic. Dose, 
8-15 gr. (0.5-1 gm.). 
Vinous (vi'nus) [L. vino'sus, from vi'num wine]. 
Pertaining to, or containing, wine. 
vinum (vi'num), gen. vi'ni. Latin for wine. V. 
antimo'nii, wine of antimony; a liquid made 
from 4 gm. of antimony and potassium tartrate, 
65 c.c. of boiling distilled water, 150 c.c. of,alcohol, 
and a sufficient quantity of white wine to make 
1000 c.c. It is a diaphoretic or expectorant, 
and in infantile cases is used as an emetic. Dose, 
10-30 min. (0.6-2 c.c.); j-2 fl.dr. (2-4 c.c.). V. 
aromat'icum, aromatic wine; a liquid made 
from 1 part of lavender, 1 part of origanum, 1 part 
of peppermint, 1 part of rosemary, 1 part of sage, 
1 part of wormwood, and a sufficient quantity of 
stronger white wine to make 100 parts. Used 
as an astringent and stimulating lotion in chancres, 
buboes, and indolent ulcers, v. gadeomor- 
rhui'nae, wine of codfish-gall. 
vinyl (vi'nil). The univalent group, CH2.CH-, 
from vinyl alcohol. V. sulphid, an odorous com- 
pound, (CH2:CH)2S, found in garlic 
vioform (vi'o-form). lodochloroxyquinolin, C9H3- 
N0HIC1: used as a substitute for iodoform. 
Viola (vi'o-lah) [L.]. A genus of plants: the violets 
and pansies. V. odora'ta, a sweet-scented violet 
of Europe and Asia; also its homeopathic prepara- 
tion. V. tri'color is emetic, and is useful in 
bronchitis and eczema. Dose of fluidextract, 2-10 
min. (0.133-0.66 c.c.). 
violet (vi'o-let). 1. Same as Viola. 2. The hue 
seen in the most refracted end of the spectrum, 
crystal v. See hexamethyl violet, gentian-v., 
a violet anilin stain. See stains, table of. hexa- 
methyl violet. See hexamethyl. Hoffmann's 
V., dahlia; an anilin dye used in microscopy. 
Lauth's v., thionin blue, methyl-v. See 
stains, table of. 
violin (vi'o-lin). The active principle of several 
species of violet: its properties are much like 
those of emetin. 
violinists' cramp (vi-o-lin'ists). See cramp. 
Vipera re'di (vi'per-ah) [L.]. The Italian viper; 
also a homeopathic preparation of its virus. V. 
tor'va, a European viper; also a homeopathic 
preparation of its virus. 
Viperidae (vi-per'id-e). A family of snakes includ- 
ing the vipers and adders (Vipremse), the rattle- 
snakes, copperheads, and water moccasins. 
viperine (vi'per-Tn) [L. viperi'nus}. 1. Pertaining 
to a viper. 2. Virginia snake-root, Aristolo'chia 
serpenta'ria; also A. officina'lis. VIPOUD'S SIGN 
1234 
VISCOMETRY 
Vipoud's sign (ve-pawz') [contemporary French 
physician]. See under sign. 
viraginity (vi-raj-in'it-e) [L. vira'go a man-like 
woman]. The assumption of male characteristics 
by a woman. 
viraltan (vi-ral'tan). Sodium methylaminobenzoyl- 
tetraborate: antigonorrheic. 
Virchow's angle, disease, line, etc. (fer'koes) 
[Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist, 1821- 
1902]. See angle, disease, line, etc. 
virgin (virgin) [L. vi/go], A woman or girl who 
has had no sexual intercourse. 
virginal (vi/jin-al). Pertaining to a virgin or to 
virginity. 
virginity (vir-jin'it-e) [L. virgin'itas]. Maiden- 
hood; the condition of being a virgin. 
viridin (vir-id'in). 1. An oily principle, C13H19N, 
distilled from bone oil and from coal-tar. 2. Same 
as jervin. 
virile (vir'il) [L. viri'lis]. Peculiar to men or to 
the male sex; procreative. 
virilescence (vir-il-es'ens). The manifestation of 
male qualities in women of advanced age. 
virilia (vi-ril'e-ah) [L.]. The male generative 
organs. 
virilin (vi-ril'in). A preparation of yohimbin, 
strychnin, and glycerophosphates: used as an 
aphrodisiac. 
virilism (vir'il-izm). 1. Masculinity; the develop- 
ment of masculine physical and mental traits in the 
female. 2. Hermaphrodism in which the subject is 
a female, but has male external genitals. 
virility (vir-il'it-e) [L. virili'tas, from vir man]. 
The normal reproductive power in one of the male 
sex. 
viripotent (vir-ip'o-tent) [L. virip'otens; vir man 
-|- po'tens able]. 1. Sexually mature: said of a male. 
2. Marriageable or nubile: used of the female. 
virisanol (vir-is-a'nol). A proprietary aphrodisiac 
remedy. 
virogen (vi'ro-jen). A nerve food consisting of 
soluble milk protein and the glycerophosphates 
of lime, manganese, etc. 
viroid (vi'roid). A general term for any biologic 
specific used in immunization. 
Virol (vi'rol). 1. A proprietary bone-marrow food 
and medicine. 2. A proprietary medicated meat- 
extract. 
virone (vi'ron). A preparation of yohimbin and 
strychnin: used in sexual impotence. 
virose, virous (vi'rds, vi'rus) [L. viro'sus, from 
vi'rus poison]. Having poisonous qualities. 
virtual (virt'u-al) [L. vi/tus strength]. Appear- 
ing to be present, but not really so; having efficacy 
without a material substratum. See focus. 
virulence (vir'u-lens) [L. virulen'tia, from vi'rus 
poison]. Extreme poisonousness or acrimony. 
virulent (vir'u-lent) [L. virulen'tus, from vi'rus 
poison]. Exceedingly noxious or deleterious. 
viruliferous (vir-u-lif'er-us) [L. vi'rus poison + 
feVre to bear]. Conveying or producing a virus 
or infective germ. 
virulin (vir'u-lin). A specific constituent of virulent 
bacilli which is capable of rendering avirulent 
strains of bacteria virulent. 
virus (vi'rus) [L.]. Any animal poison; especially 
one produced by and capable of transmitting a 
disease, v. anima'turn, a living animal poison, 
attenuated v., a virus which has been rendered 
less pathogenic by repeated inoculation, by suc- 
cessive culture, or by other means. Danysz's v. 
See ratin. dehumanized v., vaccine virus ob- 
tained by inoculating the heifer with virus from a 
human subject, filtrable v., the virus of an 
infectious disease which is so small that it will 
pass through the pores of a Berkefeld or Chamber- 
land filter (Loffler, 1898); such as the virus of 
dengue, foot-and-mouth disease, hog-cholera, 
poliomyelitis, rabies, trachoma, variola, and others. 
V. fixe, fixed V., virus of rabies which has been 
rendered as strong as possible by successive in- 
oculation into a series of rabbits, so that its incuba- 
tion period for rabbits has become "fixed." Hafi- 
kine's v. See Haffkines vaccine, under vaccine. 
humanized v., vaccine lymph from the human 
subject, inclusion v., a virus in the vaginal 
secretion producing a conjunctivitis in the new- 
born. organized v., a living pathogenic micro- 
organism. rat v. See ratin. street v., the virus 
from an animal suffering from rabies naturally 
acquired. unorganized v., any poisonous 
chemic substance developed within the body, 
vaccine v., v. vaccin'icum, the pustules of 
vaccinia from healthy vaccinated animals rubbed 
up in a mortar and made into an emulsion with 
glycerin. 
virusemia (vi-rus-e'me-ah) [virus + Gr. alua. 
blood]. The presence in the blood of a specific 
virus. 
vis (vis), pl. vi'res. Latin for force or energy. V. 
a fron'te, a force that draws or attracts, v. a 
ter'go, any impelling power; a force that pushes 
or impels, v. conserva'trix, the natural power 
of the organism to resist injury and disease. V. 
formati'va, an energy that manifests itself in 
the formation of a new tissue to replace that 
which has been destroyed. V. medica'trix 
natu'rse, the healing power of nature; the natural 
curative power inherent in the organism, v. vi'- 
tse, v. vita'lis, the vital force. 
viscera (vis'er-ah). Plural of viscus. abdominal 
V., the viscera contained in the abdominal cavity, 
thoracic v., the viscera contained in the thoracic 
cavity. 
viscerad (vis'er-ad). Toward the viscera. 
visceral (vis'er-al) [L. viscera'lis, from vis'cus a 
viscus]. Pertaining to a viscus. v. cleft. See cleft. 
visceralgia (vis-er-al'je-ah) [L. vis'cus viscus 4- 
Gr. aXyos pain]. Pain in the viscera. 
visceralism (vis'er-al-izm). The opinion that the 
viscera are the principal seats of disease. 
viscerimotor (vis"er-im-o'tor) [L. vis'cus viscus 
4- mo'tor mover]. Conveying motor impulses to 
a viscus. 
viscero-inhibitory (vis"er-o-in-hib'it-or-e). In- 
hibiting the essential movements of any viscus or 
organ. 
visceromotor (vis''er-o-mo'tor). Concerned in 
the essential movements of the viscera. 
visceroparietal (vis"er-o-par-i'et-al). Pertaining 
to the viscera and the abdominal wall. 
visceroperitoneal (vis"er-o-per-it-o-ne'al). Per- 
taining to the viscera and the peritoneum. 
visceropleural (vis"er-o-plu'ral). Pertaining to 
the viscera and the pleura. 
visceroptosis (vis"er-op-to'sis) [L. vis'cus viscus 
+ Gr. tttuctls fall]. Same as splanchnoptosis. 
viscerosensory (vis"er-o-sen'so-re). Pertaining to 
sensation in the viscera. 
visceroskeletal (vis"er-o-skel'et-al). Pertaining 
to the visceral skeleton. 
viscerosomatic (vis"er-o-so-mat'ik). Pertaining 
to the viscera and body. 
viscerotrophic (vis"er-o-trof'ik). Trophic and de- 
pendent upon the viscera. 
viscid (vis'id) [L. vis'cidus]. Clammy; glutinous 
or sticky. 
viscidity (vis-id'it-e). The quality of being viscid, 
viscin (vis'in) [L. vis'cum mistletoe], A glutinous 
principle obtainable from mistletoe. 
viscolan (vis'ko-lan). An ointment-base made 
from viscin, oils, fats, and resins. 
viscometer (vis-kom'et-er). Same as viscosimete r. 
viscometry (vis-kom'et-re). Same as viscosimetry. Abdominal and Thoracic Viscera, showing their Relative Positions: A, upper end of 
sternum; B, Bx, first pair of ribs; C, Cx, second pair of ribs; D, aorta, with left vagus and phrenic 
nerves crossing its transverse arch , E, root of pulmonary artery ; F, right ventricle ; G, right auricle ; 
H, vena cava superior with right phrenic nerve on its outer border; /, Ix, right and left lungs collapsed ; 
K, K*, seventh pair of ribs; L, Lx, the diaphragm in section; TV, the gall-bladder, with its duct to form 
the common bile-duct; the hepatic artery is seen superficial to the common duct; the portal vein is 
seen beneath it; the open orifices of the hepatic veins are seen on the cut surface of the liver; O, the 
stomach; P, inferior vena cava; Q, the celiac axis dividing into the gastric, splenic, and hepatic arte- 
ries ; E, spleen ; 5, 6'x, T>xx, the transverse colon, between which and the lower border of the stomach 
is seen the gastro-epiploic artery, formed by the splenic and hepatic arteries; <S'XXX, ascending colon in 
the right iliac region ; T, convolutions of the small intestine (Maclise). viscose (vis'kos). 1. A glutinous product of the 
viscous fermentation of dextrose or of invertin. 
2. See viscous. 
Viscosimeter (vis-kos-im'et-er). An instrument 
for estimating the viscosity of the blood. 
viscosimetry (vis-ko-sim'et-re). The measurement 
and study of the viscosity of the blood. 
viscosity (vis-kos'it-e). The quality of being vis- 
cous. 
viscous (vis'kus) [L. visco'sus]. Sticky or gummy; 
viscid. 
Viscum (vis'kum) [L.]. A genus of plants. See 
mistletoe. V. al'bum, a homeopathic prepara- 
tion of a European mistletoe. 
viscus (vis'kus), pl. vis'cera [L.]. Any large in- 
terior organ in either of the four great cavities 
of the body, especially the abdomen. 
visibility (vis-ib-il'it-e) [L. visibil'itas]. The quality 
of being visible. 
Visible (viz'ib-1) [L. visib'ilis]. Capable of being 
seen; perceptible by the sight. 
visile (viz'il). Pertaining to vision; recalling most 
readily impression of vision. 
vision (vish'un) [L. vis'io, vid'ere to see]. 1. The 
act or faculty of seeing; sight. 2. An apparition; 
a subjective appearance as of something seen which 
does not really exist. 3. Visual acuity; symbol, 
V. achromatic v., vision marked by com- 
plete loss of the color sense; total color-blindness, 
binocular v., the use of both eyes together 
without diplopia, central v., that which is per- 
formed by the macula lutea. Called also direct v. 
chromatic V. Same as chromatopsia. de- 
fective v., depraved v. Same as dysopia. 
direct v. See central v. double v. Same as 
diplopia, facial v., the power of judging of the 
distance, direction, etc., of objects by the sensation 
felt in the skin of the face, half-v. Same as 
hemianopia. halo v. See iridescent v. haplo- 
scopic v., stereoscopic vision, indirect v., 
peripheral v., that which is performed by the 
parts of the retina outside of the macula lutea. 
iridescent v., vision in which a definite ring is 
seen surrounding artificial lights, which thus be- 
come invested with a colored halo. Called also 
halo v. multiple v. Same as polyopia, v. 
nul, the existence of scotomas in the field of vision 
of which the patient is not aware. V. obscure, 
the existence of scotomas in the field of vision of 
which the patient is conscious. pseudo- 
scopic V., the reverse of stereoscopic vision: 
vision in which the object appears not as a solid 
body, but as a hollow one. rainbow v. Same 
as iridescent v. shaft V., vision in which the field 
is narrow, as if the patient were looking through 
a tube, solid v., stereoscopic v., percep- 
tion of the relief of objects or of their depth; 
that in which objects seen appear as solid ob- 
jects, and not as flat pictures. word-V., the 
special function of the general visual center. 
viskolein (vis-ko'le-in). A proprietary antiseptic 
and antipyretic. 
visual (vizh'u-al) [L. visua'lis, from vid'ere to see]. 
Pertaining to vision, or sight. 
visualize (vizh'u-al-iz). To make visible. 
visuo-auditory (vizh"u-o-aw'dit-or-e). Both 
visual and auditory; pertaining to the visual and 
auditory centers, or to sight and hearing. 
visuognosis (vis"u-o-gno'sis) [L. ms'us sight + 
Gr. yv&cris knowledge]. The recognition and in- 
terpretation of visual impressions. 
visuometer (viz-u-om'et-er) [L. vi'sus sight + 
plerpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the range of vision. 
visuopsychic (vizh"u-o-si'kik). Visual and psy- 
chic; a term applied to that area of the cerebral 
cortex concerned in the judgment of visual sensa- 
tions. 
VISCOSE 
1235 
visuosensory (vizh"u-o-sen'so-re). Pertaining to 
the perception of visual impressions. 
visvit (vis'vit). A proprietary nutrient prepara- 
tion for anemia, early tuberculosis, diabetes, etc. 
vitafer (vi'taf-er). A proprietary tonic food contain- 
ing the protein of milk and the glycerophosphates 
of calcium, magnesium, and sodium. 
vitagraph (vi'tah-graf). A variety of chronopho- 
tograph. 
vital (vi'tal) [L. vita'lis, from vi'ta life]. Pertaining 
to life. 
vitaletiscope (vi-tal-et'is-kop). A form of chrono- 
photograph. 
vitalin (vi'tal-in). A proprietary remedy said to 
be the same as boroglycerin. 
Vitali's test (ve-tal'ez) [Dioscoride Vitali, Italian 
physician, 1832-1917]. See under tests. 
vitalism (vi'tal-izm) [L. vi'ta life]. The opinion 
that the bodily functions are produced by a 
distinct principle called the vital force. 
vitalist (vi'tal-ist). A believer in vitalism. 
vitality (vi-tal'it-e). 1. The life principle. 2. The 
condition of being alive. 
vitalize (vi'tal-iz). To give life to. 
vitalizon (vi-ta'liz-on). A tonic preparation of 
phosphorus, nux vomica, etc. 
vitals (vi'talz). The parts and organs necessary 
to life. 
vitamalt (vi'tah-mawlt). A proprietary prepara- 
tion of malt. 
vitamin, vitamine (vi'tam-in) [L. vi'ta life 4- 
amin]. One of a class of substances of unknown 
composition, existing in minute quantity in natural 
foods and necessary to normal nutrition and 
growth, absence of which from the diet produces 
deficiency diseases, such as beriberi, scurvy, 
rachitis. There are three groups of vitamins: one 
known as fat-soluble A, another as water-soluble 
B, and a third as water-soluble C. The first 
(also called antirachitic v.) is concerned mainly in 
growth, its deficiency causing a suspension of 
growth; its absence from the diet also is the specific 
cause of xerophthalmia and one of the factors in 
the causation of rachitis; it is most abundant in 
butter fat, egg-yolk, cod-liver oil, and the fat of 
glandular organs; it is also widely distributed in 
the leaves of plants. The water-soluble B vitamin 
(also known as antineuritic v.} occurs in the bran 
layers of cereals, in vegetables, milk, eggs, liver, 
and pancreas, but is deficient in meats Deficiency 
of this element in the diet results in beriberi. 
Water-soluble C prevents scurvy and is called anti- 
scorbutic v. It is present in oranges, lemons, limes, 
and tomatoes. A fourth vitamin, D, is reported, 
whose specific property is to regulate the metab- 
olism of bone. Cf. avitaminosis. 
vitapath (vi'tah-path). A vitapathic practitioner, 
vitapathic (vi-tah-path'ik). Pertaining to vitap- 
athy. 
vitapathy (vi-tap'ath-e) [L. vi'ta life + Gr. vdOos 
disease]. A modern system of quack medicine. 
vitascope (vi'tas-kop) [L. vi'ta life + Gr. aKOTreiv 
to view]. An instrument for use in the study of 
animal movements: it is of some service in diag- 
nosis. 
vitascopic (vi-tas-kop'ik). Pertaining to the vita- 
scope. 
Vitel. Abbreviation for L. vitel'lus, yolk. 
vitellarium (vi-tel-a're-um). An accessory genital 
gland found in tapeworms which secretes the yolk 
or albumin for the fertilized egg. Called also 
vitelline gland. 
vitellary (vi'tel-a-re). Pertaining to the vitellus> 
or yolk. 
vitellicle (vi-tel'ik-1) [L. vitel'lus yolk]. The 
yolk-sac. 
VITELLICLE vitellin (vi-tel'in) [L. vitel'lus yolk], A simple 
protein resembling a globulin in all respects ex- 
cept that it cannot be precipitated from its solu- 
tion with sodium chlorid. It includes ordinary 
vitellin and crystallin. Ordinary vitellin (ovovi- 
tellin) is derived from the yolk of eggs, in which 
it exists in combination with lecithin. 
vitelline (vi-tel'en) [L. vitel'lus yolk]. Resembling 
or pertaining to the yolk of an egg or ovum. 
vitellolutein (vit-el-o-lu'te-in) [L. vitel'lus yolk 
+ lu'teus yellow]. A yellow pigment obtainable 
from lutein. 
vitellorubin (vit-el-o-ru'bin) [L. vitel'lus yolk + 
ru'ber red]. A reddish pigment obtainable from 
lutein. 
vitellose (vi-tel'oz). A form of proteose derived 
from vitellin. 
vitellus (vi-tel'us) [L.]. The yolk of eggs or of 
an ovum. 
vitiatin (vit-i'at-in). A compound sometimes oc- 
curring in the urine along with creatin and cre- 
atinin. It is a homologue of cholin. 
vitiation (vish-e-a'shun) [L. vitia'tio]. Impairment 
of efficiency; the perversion of any process so as to 
render it faulty or ineffective. 
vitiliginous (vit-il-ij'en-us). Relating to or affected 
with vitiligo. 
vitiligo (vit-il-i'go), pl. vitilig'ines^ [L.]. A skin 
disease attended with the formation of smooth, 
light-colored patches. It occurs in youth and 
adult life. Called also piebald skin and leuko- 
derma. v. cap'itis, alopecia areata. Celsius' 
V., alopecia areata. 
vitiligoidea (vit-il-ig-oid'e-ah). Same as xan- 
thoma. 
Vitis (vi'tis) [L.]. A genus of plants including 
various species of grape or grape-vine. V. car- 
no'sa, an Asiatic species of grape: in India the 
seeds and roots are used in medicine. V. lati- 
fo'lia, an East Indian grape-vine affording de- 
tergent, alterative, and soothing medicines. V. 
vinif'era, a species affording most of the more 
valuable varieties of cultivated and wine-pro- 
ducing grapes. 
vitium (vish'e-um), pl. vit'ia. [L.]. Fault, defect, 
v. conformatio'nis, malformation, v. cor'- 
dis, an organic heart defect, v. pri'mae for- 
matio'nis, antenatal deformity. 
vitochemic (vi-to-kem'ik). Organic; pertaining to 
organic chemistry. 
vitodynamic (vi"to-di-nam'ik). Same as bio- 
dynamic. 
vitogen (vi'to-jen). A proprietary antiseptic: used 
like iodoform. 
vitol (vi'tol). Vitamin. 
Vit. OV. sol. Abbreviation for L. vitel'lo o'vi solu'- 
tus, dissolved in yolk of egg. 
vitreocapsulitis (vit"re-o-kap-su-Ii'tis) [L. vit'- 
reus glassy + cap'sula capsule + Gr. -ins in- 
flammation]. Inflammation of the capsule in- 
closing the vitreous; hyalitis. 
vitreodentin (vit"re-o-den'tin) [L. vit'reus glassy 
+ dens tooth]. An unusually hard and glass-like 
form of dentin. 
vitreous (vit're-us) [L. vit'reus glassy]. 1. Glass- 
like or hyaline. 2. The vitreous body or humor; 
the semifluid, transparent substance which lies be- 
tween the retina and the lens of the eye. fluid V. 
See synchysis scintillans. 
vitreum (vit're-um). The vitreous body of the eye. 
vitrina (vit-ri'nah). The vitreous body. v. au'- 
ris, endolymph, v. oc'uli, the vitreous humor. 
vitriol (vit're-ol) [L. vitri'olum]. Any crystalline 
sulphate. blue V., copper sulphate or blue- 
stone, CuSO4. elixir of v., aromatic sulphuric 
acid, green v., iron sulphate or copperas, Fe3- 
SO4. oil of v., sulphuric acid, white V., zinc 
sulphate, ZnSO4. 
VITELLIN 
1236 
vitriolated (vit're-o-la-ted). Containing vitriol; 
containing sulphuric acid. 
vitropression (vit-ro-presh'un) [L. vit'rum glass + 
pression]. Production of anemia of the skin by 
pressing on it with a slip of glass in order to detect 
abnormal discolorations of the skin other than that 
produced by hyperemia. 
vitrum (vit'rum). Latin for glass. 
vitular, vitulary, vituline (vit'u-lar, vit'u-la-re, 
vit'u-len) [L. vit'ulus calf]. Pertaining to a calf. 
vives (vlvz). Chronic inflammation of the sub- 
maxillary glands of the horse. 
vividiSusion (viv-e-dif-u'zhun) [L. vi'vus alive -|- 
difusion]. Removal of diffusible substances from 
the circulating blood of living animals by dialysis, 
performed by the continuous passage of the blood 
from an artery through a system of tubes made of 
celloidin immersed in saline solution, and its re- 
turn to a vein, thus yielding by dialysis certain 
of its constituents to the fluid surrounding the 
tubes. 
vivification (viv"if-ik-a'shun) [L. vivifica'tio, from 
vi'vus living + fa'cere to make]. The conversion 
of lifeless into living protein matter in the process 
of assimilation. 
viviparous (vi-vip'ar-us) [L. vi'vus alive + pa!rere 
to bring forth]. Bringing forth young alive; pro- 
ducing living young. 
viviperception (viv"e-per-sep'shun) [L. vi'vus alive 
+ perception]. The study of the vital processes 
of the living organism. 
vivisect (viv'is-ekt) [L. vi'vum living + seca're to 
cut]. To dissect while yet alive. 
vivisection (viv-is-ek'shun) [see vivisect]. A dis- 
section of or cutting operation upon a living animal. 
vivisectionist (viv"e-sek'shun-ist). One who prac- 
tises or defends vivisection. 
vivisector (viv-is-ek'tor). One who performs vivi- 
section. 
vivisectorium (viv-is-ek-to're-um). A place for 
the performance of vivisection. 
vivosphere (vi'vo-sfer) [L. vivus alive + atmosphere]. 
The region between the atmosphere above and the 
petrosphere below in which life is found most 
abundantly. 
Vleminckx's solution (vlem'inks) [Jean Francois 
Vleminckx, Belgian physician, 1800-1876]. See 
solution. 
V. M. Abbreviation for volt-meter. 
vocal (vo'kal) [L. voca'lis, from vox voice]. Per- 
taining to the voice, v. cords. See under 
larynx, v. process, a process of the arytenoid 
cartilage for attachment of the vocal cord. 
vodka (vod'kah) [Russian]. A variety of whisky 
made in Russia. 
Vogt's angle (fogt) [Karl Vogt, a German natural- 
ist and physiologist, 1817-1895]. See under angle. 
Vogt's point (fogt) [Paul Frederick Emmanuel Vogt, 
surgeon in Greifswald, 1847-1885]. See under point. 
Vogt's syndrome (fogts) [Cecile Vogt, con- 
temporary German neurologist]. See under 
syndrome. 
voice (vois) [L. vox voice]. A sound produced by 
the speech organs and uttered by the mouth, 
amphoric v. Same as cavernous v. caver- 
nous V., a hollow sound heard on auscultation 
when the patient speaks. It indicates a cavity 
in the lung or a dilated bronchus, eunuchoid 
V., a high falsetto voice in a man, resembling that 
of a eunuch or a woman, whispered v., the trans- 
mission of a whisper to the auscultating ear, heard 
in pulmonary consolidation. 
void (void). To cast out as waste matter. 
Voigt's lines (voits) [Christian August Voigt, 
Austrian anatomist, 1809-1890]. See line. 
Voillemier's point (vwal-me-az') [Leon Clemont 
Voillemier, French urologist]. See point. 
VOILLEMIER'S POINT Voit's nucleus (foits) [Carl von Voit, physiologist in 
Munich, 1831-1908]. See nucleus. 
voix de polichinelle (vwah"deh-pol-ish-in-el') 
[Fr. "voice of Punch"]. A variety of egophony. 
vola (vo'lah) [L.]. The sole or palm. v. ma'nus, 
the palm of the hand. V. pe'dis, the sole of the 
foot. 
volar (vo'lar) [L. vola'ris, from vo'la palm or sole]. 
Pertaining to the palm or sole. 
volatile (vol'at-il) [L. vola'tilis, from vola're to fly]. 
Tending to evaporate rapidly. See oil. 
volatilization (vol"at-il-iz-a'shun). The conver- 
sion into vapor or gas without chemic change. 
volatilize (vol'at-il-iz). To convert into vapor. 
volatilizer (vol'at-il-i-zer). An apparatus for pro- 
ducing volatilization. 
volesan (vol'es-an). A proprietary preparation of 
heroin, creosote carbonate, camphor, and balsam 
of tolu. 
Volhard's solution (fol'harts) [J. Volhard, German 
chemist, bom 1834]. See under solution. 
Volhynia fever (vol-hin'e-ah) [Volhynia, a de- 
partment of Russia]. See trench fever, under fever. 
volition (vo-lish'un) [L. vel'le to will]. The act or 
power of willing. 
volitional (vo-lish'un-al). Pertaining to the will. 
Volkmann's canal, membrane, etc. (folk'- 
mahnz) [Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann, German physi- 
ologist, 1800-1877]. See canal, membrane, etc. 
Volkmann's deformity, splint, spoon (folk'- 
mahnz) [Richard Volkmann, German surgeon, 
1830-1889]. See under deformity, splint, and spoon. 
volley (vol'e). A rhythmic succession of muscular 
twitches artificially induced. 
volsella (vol-sel'ah) [L.]. A forceps with hooked 
blades. 
volt (volt) [after Alessandro Volta, Italian physiolo- 
gist and physicist, 1745-1827]. The unit of electro- 
motive force, being the force necessary to cause one 
ampere of current to flow against one ohm of re- 
sistance. 
voltage (vol'taj). Electromotive force measured in 
volts. 
voltagramme (vol'tah-gram). A kind of faradic 
battery giving a nearly continuous current. 
voltaic (vol-ta'ik). Pertaining to voltaism. 
voltaism (vol'ta-izm). Same as galvanism. 
voltaization (vol-ta-iz-a'shun). Continued or 
discontinuous electrization with a current of rela- 
tively large quantity under medium or feeble ten- 
sion. 
voltameter (vol-tam'et-er) [volt 4- Gr. perpov 
measure]. An instrument for measuring the volt- 
age of an electric current. 
voltammeter (volt-am'e-ter). An instrument for 
measuring both volts and amperes. 
voltampere (volt-am'per). The product of multi- 
plying a volt by a milliampere. 
voltmeter (volt'me-ter). An instrument for meas- 
uring electromotive force in volts. 
Voltolini's disease, tube (vol-to-le'nez) [Frederic 
Edward Rudolf Voltolini, rhinologist and otologist 
in Breslau, 1819-1889]. See disease and tube. 
volume, atomic. The quotient obtained by 
dividing the atomic weight of an element by its 
specific gravity in the solid condition. 
volumebolometer (vol"um-bo-lom'et-er). See 
volumes phygmobolometer. 
volumenometer (vo-lu-men-om'et-er). Same as 
volumometer. 
volumesphygmobolometer (vol"um-sfig-mo-bo- 
lom'et-er). Sahli apparatus for measuring the 
pulse volume Called also volumebolometer. 
volumetric (vol-u-met'rik) [volume 4- metric]. 
Pertaining to or accomplished by measurement 
in volumes. See analysis and solution. 
VOIT'S NUCLEUS 
1237 
volumination (vol-u-min-a'shun). The swelling 
of the bodies of bacteria produced by blood-serum. 
Normal serum produces a certain amount of swell- 
ing, but immune serum produces much more. 
volumometer (vol-u-mom'et-er) [volume 4- Gr. 
pitTpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
volume or changes in volume. 
voluntary (vol'un-ta-re) [L. volun'tas will]. Ac- 
complished in accordance with the will. 
voluntomotory (vo"lun-to-mo'tor-e) [L. volun'tas 
will 4- mo'tor mover]. Subject to voluntary motor 
influence. 
volupty (vo-lup'te) [L. volup'tas pleasure]. Sensual 
enjoyment. 
volute (vo-lut). Rolled up. 
volvulosis (vol-vu-lo'sis). Infestation with the 
worm Oncocerca volvulus, which produces cuta- 
neous or subcutaneous fibrous tumo's. 
volvulus (vol'vu-lus) [L.]. Intestinal obstruction 
due to a knotting and twisting of the bowel. 
vomer (vo'mer) [L. "plowshare"]. The bone which 
forms the lower and posterior portion of the sep- 
tum of the nose. 
vomerine (vo'mer-in). Of or pertaining to the 
vomer. 
vomerobasilar (vo"mer-o-bas'il-ar). Pertaining 
to the vomer and to the basilar portion of the 
cranium. 
vomeronasal (vo"mer-o-na'sal). Pertaining to the 
vomer and the nasal bone. 
vomica (vom'ik-ah), pl. vom'icce [L. "abscess"], i. 
The profuse and sudden expectoration of pus and 
putrescent matter. 2. An abnormal cavity in an 
organ, especially in the lung, caused by suppura- 
tion and the breaking down of tissue. 
vomicose (vom'ik-os). Full of ulcers; ulcerous. 
vomit (vom'it) [L. vomita're], 1. To cast up from 
the stomach by the mouth. 2. Matter cast up 
from the stomach; vomited matter. 3. An emetic. 
Barcoo v., vomiting and nausea, with bulimia, 
affecting persons in southern Australia. bil- 
ious V., vomited matter stained with bile, black 
V,, blackish matter consisting of blood which 
has been acted upon by the gastric juice, cast 
up from the stomach in yellow fever and other 
conditions in which blood collects in the stomach, 
bloody v., vomit containing blood, coffee- 
ground v., the bloody vomit of malignant 
disease of the stomach. It consists of broken- 
down blood mixed with stomach-contents. 
vomiting (vom'it-ing). The forcible expulsion of 
the contents of the stomach through the mouth, 
cyclic v., vomiting recurring at irregular inter- 
vals: called also periodic v. and recurrent v. dry 
V., nausea with attempts at vomiting, but with 
the ejection of nothing but gas. fecal V., ster- 
coraceous vomiting, hyperacid v., gastroxyn- 
sis. hysterical v., vomiting accompanying an 
attack of hysteria, incoercible v., vomiting 
that cannot be controlled, periodic v. See cy- 
clic v. pernicious v., vomiting in pregnancy, so 
severe as to threaten the life of the patient., V. 
of pregnancy, pernicious vomiting, recurrent 
V. See cyclic v. stercoraceous v., the vomiting 
of fecal matter. It is seen in intestinal obstruction, 
appendicitis, etc. 
vomitive (vom'it-iv). Emetic. 
vomito negro (vom'it-o na'gro) [Sp.]. Black vomit; 
also yellow fever. 
vomitory (vom'it-or-e). An emetic. 
vomiturition (vom"it-u-rish'un). Repeated in- 
effectual attempts at vomiting; retching. 
vomitus (vom'it-us) [L.]. Vomiting; also matter 
vomited, v. cruen'tus, bloody vomit. V. 
matuti'nus, the morning vomiting of chronic 
gastric catarrh. - 
von Bezold. See Bezold. 
VON BEZOLD VON GRAEFE'S SIGN 
1238 
WAHLKAMPHIA 
von Graefe's sign (von gra'fez) [see Graefe]. See 
under sign. 
von Haller. See Haller. 
von Jaksch. SeeJaksch. 
von Langenbeck. See Langenbeck. 
von Leyden. See Leyden. 
von Mikulicz. See Mikulicz. 
von Recklinghausen. See Recklinghausen. 
von Wahl. See Wahl. 
vonulo (von'u-lo). A disease of the bronchi oc- 
curring in west Africa, and marked by severe 
pains in the chest, usually under the sternum, and 
occasionally under the shoulder-blades. 
Voorhees' bag (voor'ez) [James Ditmars Voorhees, 
obstetrician in New York, born 1869]. See under 
bag. 
vortex (vor'teks), pl. vo/tices [L. "whirl"]. A 
whorled arrangement of muscle-fibers in the heart. 
V. coccyge'us, the spirally arranged hairs over 
the region of the coccyx, v. cor'dis [B N A]. See 
vortex, v. len'tis, one of the spiral figures on the 
surface of the crystalline lens v. pilo'rum [B N 
A], any spiral arrangement of hairs. 
Vorticella (vor-tis-el'ah). A genus of ciliate proto- 
zoans, often found in feces, urine, nasal mucus, 
etc. 
V. O. S. Abbreviation for L. vitel'lo o'vi solu'tus, 
dissolved in yolk of egg. 
vosgelin (vos'jel-in). A gelatinous product of the 
action of the hypochlorites on starch: a substitute 
for gelatin. 
vox (voks), pl. vo'ces. Latin for voice, v. choler'- 
ica, the peculiar suppressed voice of true cholera. 
voyeur (voi-yer'). A person who attains sexual 
gratification by looking at sexual objects. 
V. S. An abbreviation for volumetric solution. 
Vs. Abbreviation for L. venasec'tio, venesection. 
V, S. Abbreviation for vibration seconds, the unit of 
measurement of sound waves. 
Vs. B. Abbreviation for L. venasec'tio bra'chii, 
bleeding in the arm. 
V. T. An abbreviation for vacuum tuberculin. See 
tuberculin. 
vuerometer (vu-er-om'et-er) [Fr. vue sight + Gr. 
pirpov measure]. An instrument for measuring 
the distance of the eyes from each other. 
vulcanite (vul'kan-it). Vulcanized caoutchouc or 
India-rubber. 
vulgaris (vul-ga'ris) [LJ. Ordinary; common. 
vulnerability (vul"ner-ab-il'it-e). Susceptibility 
to injury or to contagion. 
vulneral (vul'ner-al). A proprietary antiseptic 
salve or unguent for wounds and ulcers. 
vulnerant (vul'ner-ant). Administering a wound, 
vulnerary (vul'ner-a-re) [L. vulnera'rius, from 
vul'nus wound]. 1. Pertaining to or healing 
wounds. '2. An agent that heals wounds. The- 
deu's v., vinegar, 240; alcohol, 75; dilute sul- 
phuric acid, 40; honey, 80; distilled water, 30. 
vulnerate (vul'ner-at) [L. vul'nerare]. To wound, 
vulnus (vul'nus), pl. vul'nera [L.]. A wound or 
trauma. 
Vulpian's atrophy, law (vul'pe-anz) [Edme Felix 
Alfred Vulpian, French physician, 1826-1887]. See 
atrophy and law. 
vulpis fel (vul'pis fel). The bile or gall of the fox; 
also a homeopathic preparation of the same. v. 
he'par, the liver of the fox; also a homeopathic 
preparation of the same. V. pul'mo, the lung of 
a fox; also a homeopathic preparation of the 
same. ' 
vulsella, vulsellum (vul-sel'ah, vul-sel'um) [L.]. 
Same as volsella. 
vulva (vul'vah) [LJ. The external part of the 
organs of generation of the female, v. cer'ebri, 
an opening into the third ventricle of the brain, 
below the anterior crus of the fornix, v. clau sa, 
V. connivens, a vulva in which the labia majora 
are plump and closed, v. hi'ans, gaping vulva; a 
vulva in which the labia majora are flaccid and 
gaping. 
vulval, vulvar (vul'val, vul'var). Pertaining to 
the vulva. 
vulvismus (vul-viz'mus). Same as vaginismus. 
vulvitis (vul-vi'tis) [vulva + Gr. -ins inflamma- 
tion], Inflammation of the vulva, v. blennor- 
rha'gica, a mucopurulent discharge from the 
mucous membrane of the vulva, usually resulting 
from gonorrheal infection. diphtheric V., 
diphtheritic v., vulvitis with the formation of a 
false membrane, follicular v., inflammation 
of the follicles of the vulva. 
vulvocrural (vul-vo-kru'ral). Pertaining to the 
vulva and the thigh. 
vulvo-uterine (vul-vo-u'ter-in). Pertaining to 
the vulva and uterus. 
vulvovaginal (vul-vo-vaj'in-al). Pertaining to 
the vulva and vagina. 
vulvovaginitis (vul"vo-vaj-in-i'tis). Inflamma- 
tion of the vulva and vagina, or of the vulvovaginal 
glands. 
vuzin (vu'zin) [Vouziers, a town in northern France]. 
A derivative, isocetyl hydrocuprein, from the bark 
of Rimijia cuprea: used as an antiseptic for wounds. 
w 
W. Chemical symbol for tungsten, L. wolfra'mium; 
also abbreviation for Wahnelt. a unit of x-ray tube 
hardness. 
wabain (wah-ba'in). A glucosid, C36H46O12, from 
wa'ba, or waba'io, the root of Caris'sa schim'peri, 
an apocynaceous tree. It is sometimes crystalline 
and sometimes amorphous: it is a heart stimulant 
and local anesthetic. 
Wachendorf's membrane (vahk'en-dorfs) [Eber- 
hard Jacob Wachendorf, German anatomist of the 
18th century]. See under membrane. 
Wachsmuth's mixture (vahks'moots) [Hans 
W achsmuth, German neurologist, bom 1872]. See 
under mixture. 
wafer (wa'fer). A thin, double layer of dried paste 
to inclose a dose of medicine; also a flat vaginal 
suppository. 
wagaga (wah-gag'ah). Periodic lymphangitis and 
abscess of the spermatic cord and epididymis 
It is very common in Fiji, and is due to filaria- 
sis. 
Wagner's corpuscles (vahg'nerz) [Rudolf Wagner, 
German physiologist, 1805-1864]. See corpuscle. 
W's spot, the germinal spot of an ovum. 
Wagner's operation (vahg'nerz) [Wilhelm Wag- 
ner, German surgeon, 1848-1900]. See operation. 
wagogo (wa-go'go). An African arrow-poison; the 
concrete juice of a tree of the genus Euphorbia: 
it much resembles wakamba. 
WagstaSe's fracture (wag'stafz) [William War- 
wick Wagstajfe, English surgeon, 1843-1910]. See 
under fracture. 
Wahlkamphia (wahl-kam'fe-ah). See Vahl- 
kampfia. WAHLENBERGIA 
1239 
WATCHMAKERS' CRAMP 
Wahlenbergia (wahl-en-ber'je-ah). A genus of 
campanulaceous plants. W. graminifio'ra, of 
Europe, is said to be good in epilepsy; W. linari- 
oi'des, of Chili, is used in colic. 
Wahl's sign (vahlz') [Eduard von Wahl, German 
surgeon, 1833-1890]. See under sign. 
wahoo (wa-hoo'). Same as Euonymus atropur- 
pureus. 
waist (wast). That part of the body between the 
thorax and the hips. 
wakamba (wa-kam'bah). An African arrow-poison. 
Walcher's position (vahl'kerz) [Gustav Adolf 
Walcher, gynecologist in Stuttgart, born 1856]. 
See under position. 
Waldeyer's glands, sulcus, etc. (vahl'di-erz) 
[Wilhelm von Waldeyer, anatomist in Berlin, 1836- 
1921]. See gland, sulcus, etc. 
walk (wawk). See gait, camel's w. See drome- 
dary gait, unde gait, kangaroo w., walking on all 
fours with the palms of the hands on the floor and 
the knees held as stiffly as possible; employed in the 
management of puerperal retroversions of the 
uterus. 
wall (wawl). A parietal portion, as of the chest, 
abdomen or uterus; a paries, cavity w., the wall 
which surrounds a cavity in a tooth, germinal 
W., a ring-like thickening around the germinal disk 
consisting of the formative substance of the yolk, 
parietal w., the outer or upper layer of the 
blastoderm, consisting of the epiblast and outer 
layer of the mesoblast, periotic w., the wall of 
the otic vesicle, splanchnic w., the inner layer 
of the blastoderm, composed of the hypoblast and 
the inner layer of the mesoblast, subpulpal w., 
the bottom or floor of the pulp chamber, tubal 
W., the anterior wall of the tympanum. 
wallerian degeneration (wol-e're-an) [Augustus 
Volney Waller, English physician, 1816-1870]. 
See degeneration, w. law. See law. 
wall-eye (wawl'i). Leukoma of the cornea; also 
divergent strabismus. 
walnut (wal'nut). Any tree or species of the 
genus Jug'Ians: also its fruit, black w., the tree 
Jug'Ians ni'gra: the leaves are alterative and 
vermifuge. English w., European w., the 
tree Julians re'gia: its leaves are astringent, 
white w., the tree Julians cine'rea, or butternut 
(g.».). 
Waltheria (wal-the're-ah). A genus of sterculi- 
aceous trees of both hemispheres. Several species 
have medicinal properties. 
Walther's duct, ligament, etc. (vahl'terz) 
[August Friedrich Walther, German anatomist, 
1688-1746]. See duct, ligament. 
wander-cell (won'der-sel). Same as wandering cell. 
wandering (won'der-ing). Moving about freely; 
abnormally movable; too loosely attached. W. 
cell, a leukocyte, w. rash, geographic tongue. 
See tongue. 
wanklynize (wonk'lin-iz). To treat with Wank- 
lyn's test, as in testing bread for alum. 
war edema. See under edema. 
waras, warras (wahr'as) [Indian]. A purplish 
powder derived from the seed-pods of Flemin' gia 
grahamia'na, a shrub of Africa and southern Asia: 
used as a stain; also good against tapeworm and 
useful in skin diseases. Dose, 1-5 dr. (4-20 gm.); 
of tincture, 1 fl.oz. (30 c.c.). 
warbles (war'bles). See Hypoderma. 
Warburg's tincture (wah/bergz) [Carl Warburg, 
Austrian physician of the 19th century]. See 
tincture. 
ward (ward). A large room in a hospital, isola- 
tion W., a hospital ward for the isolation of per- 
sons suspected of being affected with an infectious 
disease, probationary w., a ward of a hospital 
where patients are kept until it is ascertained 
whether or not they have a contagious disease. 
psychopathic w., a ward in a general hospital 
for temporary reception of insane patients. 
Wardrop's disease, operation (war'drops) 
[James Wardrop, English surgeon, 1782-1869]. 
See disease and operation. 
Ward's paste (wardz). Confection of black pepper, 
warming plaster (warm'ing). See plaster. 
warping (war'ping). Contagious abortion. 
warras (wahr'as). See waras. 
Warren's fat-columns (war'enz) [John Collins 
Warren, Boston surgeon, 1778-1856]. See fat- 
columns, under column. 
wart (wart) [L. verru'ca]. An elevation of the 
skin, more rarely of the mucous membrane, 
formed by hypertrophy of the papillae. See also 
verruca. anatomic w. Same as dissection 
tubercle. See tubercle. fig-w., moist w., 
pointed w. See venereal w. fugitive w., a 
form seen on the hands of young persons and 
generally not persistent, necrogenic w., ver- 
ruca necrogenica. Peruvian w. See ver- 
ruca peruana, postmortem w. Same as 
verruca necrogenica. See tubercle soot-w., chim- 
ney-sweeps' cancer (or epithelioma) of the scrotum, 
telangiectatic w. See angiokeratoma, tuber- 
culous w., tuberculosis of the skin leading to the 
development of warts, chiefly upon the hands, and 
occurring principally in childhood, venereal 
W., a reddish, pointed elevation growing upon the 
genitals or the anus, and caused by infection from 
the secretions of the parts around it. It is usually 
moist, and is also known as moist w., pointed w., 
fig-w., verruca acuminata, and pointed condyloma. 
vitreous W., any one of a set of small, roundish, 
transparent masses on the posterior surface of the 
cornea, near the border of Descemet's membrane. 
warty (war'te). Covered with warts; resembling 
warts. 
wash (wash). A lotion, black w. (Jo'tio ni'gra), 
a lotion of calomel, 64 gr., and lime-water (Ji'quor 
cal'cis'), 16 fl.oz.: used in treating syphilitic sores, 
red w., a weak solution of zinc sulphate con- 
taining compound tincture of lavendar. yel- 
low W. (lo'tio fla'va), mercuric bichlorid (cor- 
rosive sublimate), 24 gr., in lime-water (li' quor 
cal'cis), 6 fl.oz. 
wash-bottle. 1. A bottle having two tubes 
through the cork, and so arranged that blowing 
into one will force a stream of water from the other: 
used in washing chemic materials. 2. A bottle 
containing some washing fluid, through which 
gases are passed for the purpose of freeing them 
from impurities. 
washerwomen's itch (wash-er-wum'enz). See 
itch. 
washing-soda (wash'ing). See sodium carbonate. 
wash-leather skin. See skin. 
Waskia (was'ke-ah). A name for the genus Em- 
badomonas. 
wasp (wosp) [L. ves'pa]. Any stinging hymenop- 
terous insect of the family Ves'pidce, of which the 
genus Ves'pa is the type. Wasp-venom is em- 
ployed in homeopathic practice. See Vespa. 
Wassermann's reaction or test (vas'er-mahnz) 
[August Wassermann, bacteriologist in Berlin, 
born 1866]. See under reaction. 
Wassermann-fast. Showing a positive Wasser- 
mann reaction despite antisyphilitic treatment. 
waste (wast). 1. Gradual loss, decay, or diminu- 
tion of bulk. 2. Useless and effete material, 
unfit for further use within the organism. 3. To 
pine away or dwindle, phonetic w. of the 
breath, a too rapid expiratory act, due to paral- 
ysis of a lateral crico-arytenoid muscle. 
waster (was'ter). An ox or cow affected with 
tuberculosis. 
wasting palsy (was'ting). Progressive muscular 
atrophy. See atrophy. 
watchmakers' cramp (watsh'ma-kerz). See 
cramp. WATER 
1240 
WAVE 
water (wah'ter). i. A tasteless, inodorous liquid, 
(H20)n, present in all organic tissues and in many 
other substances. It freezes at 32° F. (0° C.) and 
boils at 2120 F. (ioo° C.), and is used as the stand- 
ard of specific gravity and of specific heat. 2. 
An aqueous pharmaceutic preparation. See aqua. 
acidulous w., a water containing carbonic acid 
in solution, aerated w., water containing any gas 
in solution. iEsculap w., a saline aperient water 
from a spring in Kelenfbld, Budapest, alkaline 
W., a water containing bicarbonate of lithium, 
calcium, sodium, or potassium. Apenta w., a 
natural aperient water from springs near Buda- 
pest, in Hungary. Apollinaris w., an effer- 
vescent table-water from Germany. It contains 
sodium carbonate and carbonic acid. Arabella 
W., a saline aperient water containing magnesium 
sulphate and sodium sulphate, artificial sea 
W., sodium chlorid, 7 gm.; magnesium chlorid, 
1 gm.; magnesium sulphate, 0.4 gm.; potassium 
sulphate, 0.25 gm.; calcium chlorid, 0.1 gm.; potas- 
sium nitrate, 0.25 gm.; calcium sulphate, 0.25 gm.; 
and peptone, 2.5 gm., in water, 250 c.c. Filter and 
sterilize as a bacteriologic culture-medium, w. on 
the brain, hydrocephalus, calcic w., a water 
containing calcium salts. Carbana w., a purga- 
tive and alterative natural water, carbolic acid 
w. See aqua phenolata. carbonated w., car- 
bonic w., acidulous water. Carlsbad w., a 
saline water from springs at Carlsbad, in Bohemia: 
used in affections of the stomach, intestines, and 
liver, in gout, diabetes, etc. chalybeate w., a 
water containing iron salts, w. on the chest, 
hydrothorax, chloroformated w., a saturated 
aqueous solution of chloroform, cologne w., a 
solution of various fragrant oils, such as bergamot, 
orange flower, lemon, lavender, and rosemary in 
alcohol to which acetic ether is added. Called 
also eau de cologne and spiritus odoratus. Con- 
trexeville w., an alkaline water from the Vosges 
in France. It contains free carbonic acid gas. W. 
of crystallization, that which is an ingredient 
of many salts, imparting to them a crystalline 
form, distilled w., water purified by dis- 
tillation. Dunham's peptone w. See peptone 
water, under culture-medium, emanation w., 
water rendered radio-active by contact with a 
radio-active substance, w.-equivalent, a num- 
ber representing the specific heat of a quantity of 
water equal in weight to the body of an animal. It 
is the number produced by multiplying the weight 
of the animal by its specific heat, fish w., an 
extract of fish used in preparing certain bacterio- 
logic culture-media; fish flesh (herring, mackerel, 
or cod), 500 gm.; sodium chlorid, 26.5 gm.; potas- 
sium chlorid, 0.75 gm., and magnesium chlorid, 
3.25 gm., in water, 500 c.c. Raise slowly to the 
boiling-point, filter, and sterilize. Florida w., a 
perfume made from 4 oz. of oil of bergamot, 2 oz. 
of compound tincture of benzoin, and 1 oz. of 
alcohol. Franz-Josef w., a saline aperient 
water from a spring in Hungary, useful in consti- 
pation, hepatic congestion, and duodenal catarrh. 
Friedrichshall w., a saline aperient water con- 
taining, besides magnesium and sodium sulphates, 
magnesium and sodium chlorids. w.-glass, a 
solution of sodium silicate, hard w., water 
that contains salts of calcium or magnesium, which 
resist the action of soap, so that it does not readily 
form lather. Hiss's serum dextrose w. See 
serum dextrose water. Hunyadi Janos w. 
[after Hunyadi Janos, or John Corvinus (died 
1456)], a purgative saline water from springs in 
Hungary. Javel W., a solution of potassium hy- 
pochlorite. Johannis w., a table-water from 
Zollhaus station in Germany. Kissingen W., 
a saline laxative and tonic water from Kissin- 
gen, in Bavaria. La Bourboule w., a mildly 
arsenical water from France: used in cachexia, 
anemia, and chlorosis. Levico W., an arsenical 
water from a spring near Triest in South Tyrol. 
Dose, a tablespoonful, gradually increased. 
Marienbad w., a mildly laxative water from the 
springs of Marienbad. mineral w., a water 
containing mineral salts in solution in sufficient 
quantity to give it special properties and taste. 
Pasteur's yeast w. See yeast water, peptone 
W. See peptone water, under culture-medium. 
phenolated w. See aqua phenolata. potable 
w., water that is fit to drink. Pullna w., 
a bitter aperient water from Bohemia. Rubinat 
w., a Spanish mineral water containing sodium 
sulphate and small amounts of potassium, cal- 
cium, and magnesium sulphates. It has aperient 
properties. St. Galmier w., a natural table- 
water from the Province of Loire, France, 
saline w., a water which contains neutral salts. 
Schwalbach w., a chalybeate water, used in 
anemia. Selters w., seltzer w., an effervescent 
mineral water occurring in springs at Selters in 
Prussia. It contains sodium carbonate, sodium 
chlorid, and certain sulphates. An artificial prep- 
aration resembling the natural water is made, 
serum w., a mixture of i part of blood-serum 
and 3 parts of distilled water: used in preparing 
bacteriologic culture-media, serum dextrose w., 
serum water containing i per cent, of dextrose and 
5 per cent, of litmus solution, soft w., water that 
contains little or no mineral matter. toast-W., 
water in which toasted bread has been soaked: 
used as a drink for patients suffering with fever. 
Vichy w., a mineral water from Vichy, in France: 
a diuretic: useful in rheumatism, diabetes, and 
chronic gastro-enteritis and hepatic disorders, 
yeast w., a nutritive fluid made by boiling 75 
gm. of compressed yeast in 1 liter of water. 
water-bath. An apparatus for heating a substance 
in a vessel which is held in another vessel containing 
water. 
water-bed. A rubber mattress filled with water, 
water-bite. See trenchfoot, under foot. 
water-borne. Propagated by contaminated drink- 
ing-water: said of diseases. 
water-brash. Pyrosis. 
water-braxy. Intestinal inflammation in sheep, 
with hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity 
water-choke. Laryngeal spasm caused by fluid 
entering between the true and false vocal cords. 
water-cure. Hydrotherapy. 
water-farcy. Inflammation of the lymphatics 
of a horse's leg. 
water-gurgle test. See under tests. 
water-hammer pulse. See under pulse. 
water-soluble B. One of two classes of vitamins 
contained in food and concerned in inducing 
growth. See vitamin. 
waters (wah'terz). A popular name for the liquor 
amnii. 
water-wheel murmur. See bruit de moulin. 
Watkins' operation (wat'kinz) [Thomas J. Wat- 
kins, contemporary gynecologist in Chicago]. See 
operation. 
Watso'nius watso'ni. A pear-shaped nematode 
found in a case of diarrhea in Africa. 
watt (wot) [after James Watt, 1736-1819]. The 
unit of electric activity; the amount of pressure 
developed by one volt of potential with one ampere 
of current. 
wattmeter (wot'me-ter). An instrument for meas- 
uring electric activity in watts. 
wave (wav). A disturbance of the equilibrium of 
the particles of a fluid or elastic solid which is 
propagated from point to point with a continuous 
motion, and is due to the to-and-fro movements 
of the particles. In solids and liquids the motions 
of the particles are perpendicular to the direction 
in which the wave moves. Such a wave is known 
as transverse w. In the air and similar media 
waves (as sound-waves) are formed by the forward 
and back motion of the particles; that is, by motions 
in the same direction in which the wave moves. 
Such a wave is called a longitudinal w. The various WAVY RESPIRATION 
1241 
WEIGERT'S METHOD 
forms of radiant energy, as light, heat, x-rays, and 
gamma rays, are due to transverse waves in the 
ether, a medium that is supposed to fill all space, 
anacrotic w., anadicrotic w., a sphygmo- 
graphic wave showing a double indentation on the 
ascending wave, arterial w., a wave in the 
phlebogram of the jugular vein, due to a shock 
transmitted to the vein by a pulsation of the 
carotid artery, catacrotic w., catadicrotic 
W., a pulse wave snowing a double expansion on 
the down stroke of the sphygmogram. contrac- 
tion w., the wave of progression of the contrac- 
tion in a muscle from the point of stimulation; also 
the graphic representation of a contracting muscle, 
dicrotic w. 1. The second or smaller ascending 
wave in the descending line of the sphygmogram. 2. 
Same as recoil-w. Erb's w's, undulations in a mus- 
cle stimulated by a moderately powerful constant 
current: sometimes seen in myotonia congenita, 
excitation w., an electric wave flowing from 
a muscle just previous to its contraction, hert- 
zian w's, electromagnetic waves resembling 
light-waves, but having greater wave-length: they 
are used in wireless telegraphy, w.-length, the 
distance between similar points of two adjacent 
waves, light-w's, the waves in the ether which 
produce sensations in the retina, menstrual w., 
the pelvic congestion preceding the appearance 
of the menses, culminating in the flow, and gradu- 
ally passing away after the cessation of the flow, 
oscillation w., a secondary pulse wave due to 
the inertia of the vessel wall, outflow remain- 
der w., peridicrotic w. Same as overflow- 
w. overflow-w., the part of the descend- 
ing line of the sphygmographic wall which in- 
tervenes between the apex and the dicrotic 
wave, and corresponds to the overflow of the 
ventricles. P w., the first upward deflection in the 
electrocardiogram. See electrocardiogram, pap- 
illary w., percussion w., the chief ascending 
wave of a sphygmographic tracing, phrenic w. 
See diaphragm phenomenon, under phenomenon. 
predicrotic w., a small rise in the pulse wave 
preceding the dicrotic wave, pulse w., the ele- 
vation of the pulse felt by the finger or shown 
graphically in the curve recorded by the sphyg- 
mograph. Qw., the upward wave in the electro- 
cardiogram representing the contraction of the 
ventricles. See electrocardiogram, recoil-w., the 
second of the two principal waves of a dicrotic 
pulse, due to the reflected impulse of the closure 
of the aortic valves, respiratory w. , a wave in 
the curve of blood-pressure, rising during inspira- 
tion and falling during expiration. Stephenson 
w. Same as menstrual w. So called from its dis- 
coverer, William Stephenson, stimulus w., the 
wave which passes along a muscle as a result of a 
stimulus applied at a certain point, w.-theory, 
the theory that light, heat, and electricity are due to 
vibrations in a hypothetic substance-the ether-• 
which pervades all space and penetrates, all sub- 
stances. Called also undulatory theory, tidal w., 
the sphygmographic wave next after the percussion- 
wave; the second elevation of the sphygmographic 
tracing between the percussion wave and the 
dicrotic elevation. It is believed to be caused 
by the afflux of blood in systole. Traube- 
Hering w's, rhythmic rises and falls in the arterial 
pressure, due to rhythmic activity of the vaso- 
constrictor center, trier otic w., a third wave in 
the sphygmographic curve in addition to the tidal 
and dicrotic waves, occurring during systole, 
vasomotor w., a fluctuation in the quantity of 
blood supplied to some part, ventricular w., 
the part of the tracing of the venous pulse between 
the auricular and ventricular depressions. 
wavy respiration (wa've). See respiration. 
wax (waks) [L. ce'ra]. Any one of a series, of plastic 
substances deposited by insects or obtained from 
plants. They are esters of various fatty acids with 
higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of 
pharmacy is principally beeswax, the material of 
which honey-comb is made. It consists chiefly of 
cerin and myricin. It is used in making ointments, 
cerates, etc. In its natural state it is yellow 
(yellow w.), but in bleaching it becomes white 
(white w.). . See cera. bone-w. See Mosetig- 
Moorhof bone-w. carnauba w., a wax largely 
obtained from Copernic'ia cerif era, a palm of South 
America. Chinese W., a hard white wax of insect 
origin, procured from Frax'nius chinen'sis, a tree 
of China; also a similar wax from Ligus'trum 
mad'ra. ear-w. See cerumen, earth w. See 
ceresin, grave w. See cdipocere. Horsley's 
W., a mixture of wax, oil, and carbolic acid: used for 
stopping small bone cavities and for controlling 
bleeding from them. Japan w., a wax from the 
fruit of Myri'ca cerifera and other species of the 
same genus. Mosetig-Moorhof bone-w., a 
preparation for filling sterile bone cavities. It con- 
sists of equal parts of spermaceti and oil of sesame, 
which are sterilized in a water-bath. To 60 parts of 
this is added 40 parts of iodoform, ocuba W., a wax 
obtained from Myris'tica oc'uba, a South American 
tree, palm-w. Same as carnauba w.; also a 
wax from Cerox'ylon andic'ola, a South American 
palm, vegetable w., a waxy substance resem- 
bling beeswax, derived from various vegetable 
sources, as bayberry. 
waxy (waks'e). Resembling wax. See cast, de- 
generation, kidney, liver, etc. 
wean (wen). To cause an infant to cease from 
taking food by sucking, and to take it in the ordi- 
nary way. 
weavers' bottom (we'verz). Chronic inflam- 
mation of a bursa on the tuberosity of the 
ischium, caused by pressure: sometimes occurring in 
weavers. 
weazand (we'zand). The trachea or wind-pipe. 
webbed fingers, toes (webd). See finger, toe. 
w. penis. See penis palmatus. 
weber (web'er). Same as coulomb. 
Weber's corpuscles, glands, organ (va'berz) 
[Moritz Ignatz Weber, German anatomist, 1795- 
1875]. See corpuscle, gland, and organ. 
Weber's douche (va'berz) [Theodor Weber, Ger- 
man physician, 1829-1914]. A nasal douche. 
Weber's experiment, law, paradox, syn- 
drome, test (web'erz) [Ernst Heinrich Weber, 
German anatomist and physiologist, 1795-1878]. 
See the nouns. 
Weber's test (va'berz) [Friedrich Eugen Weber, 
German otologist, 1832-1891]. See under tests. 
Webster's operation (web'sterz) [John Clarence 
Webster, gynecologist in Chicago, born 1863]. See 
operation. 
weed. Lymphangitis of animals. 
Weeks' bacillus (weeks) [John Elmer Weeks, New 
York ophthalmologist, bom 1853]. Koch-Weeks' 
bacillus. See bacillus. 
weeping eczema (we'ping). See eczema, w. 
sinew. See ganglion (2d def.). 
W. E. F. Abbreviation for war emergency formula, 
these initials being attached to certain alternative 
formula for British Pharmacopeial preparations 
containing glycerin and sugar. 
Wegner's disease, sign (wig'nerz) [Fredericus 
Rudolphus Georgius Wegner, German pathologist, 
born 1843]. See disease and sign. 
Weichardt's antikenotoxin (vi'kardts) [Wolf- 
gang Weichardt, German pathologist]. See anti- 
kenotoxin. 
Weichselbaum's coccus (vlk'sel-bowmz) [Anton 
Weichselbaum, Austrian pathologist, 1845-1920]. 
The Diplococcus intracellularis. 
Weidel's test (vi'delz). See under tests. 
Weigert's method or stain (wi'gertz) [Karl 
Weigert, German pathologist, 1843-1904]. See 
stains, table of. WEIGHT 
1242 
WHIFF, ORAL 
weight (wat). Heaviness; the degree to which a 
body is drawn toward the earth by gravity, 
atomic w., the weight of an atom of a substance 
as compared with the weight of an atom of hy- 
drogen, which is taken as 1 or with the weight of 
an atom of oxygen taken as 16. combining w., 
the relative weight, compared with that of hydro- 
gen (which is considered as 1), of an element that 
enters into combination with other elements, 
molecular w., the weight of a molecule of a 
substance as compared with that of hydrogen. 
weights and measures. See table, pp. 1243-1246. 
Weil's disease (wilz) [Adolf Weil, physician in 
Wiesbaden, 1848-1916]. See disease. 
Weil's test (wilz) [Richard Weil, New York physi- 
cian, 1876-1917]. See under tests. 
Weil-Felix bacillus, reaction (vil-fa'lix) [Ed- 
mund Weil, German physician in Prague, died 
1922]. See under bacillus and reaction. 
Weill's sign (velz) [Edmund Weill, contemporary 
French physician]. See under sign. 
Weinmannia (win-man'e-ah). A genus of saxifrag- 
aceous plants with an astringent medicinal bark. 
Weinstein's test (wln'stinz) [Julius William Wein- 
stein, contemporary physician in New York], The 
tryptophan test. See under tests. 
Weir-Mitchell treatment (wer-mit'shel) [see 
Mitchell]. See treatment. 
Weir's operation (werz) [Robert Fulton Weir, 
New York surgeon, born 1838]. Appendicostomy. 
weismannism (wis'man-izm) [August Weismann, 
German biologist, 1834-1914]. The doctrine of the 
non-inheritance of acquired characters. 
Weiss's reflex, sign (vis) [Nathan Weiss, physician 
in Vienna]. See reflex and sign. 
Weiss's stain (vis'ez) [Leonhard Weiss, contempo- 
rary German physician]. See stain. 
Weissmann's bundle (wis'mahnz). See under 
bundle. 
Weisz's test (vis'ez) [Moriz Weisz, contemporary 
German physician]. See Moriz Weisz test, under 
tests. 
Weitbrecht's cartilage, foramen, ligament, 
etc. (vit'brekt) [Josias Weitbrecht, German anato- 
mist in St. Petersburg, 1702-1747]. See cartilage, 
foramen, ligament, etc. 
Welander's treatment, ulcer (va'lan-derz) 
[Eduard Welander, physician in Stockholm, born 
1846]. See treatment and ulcer. 
Welch's bacillus, stain (welsh-ez) [William 
Henry Welch, pathologist in Baltimore, born 1850]. 
See bacillus and stain. 
Wells' facies (welz) [Sir Thomas Spencer Wells, 
English gynecologist, 1818-1897]. See under 
facies. 
weltmerism (welt'mer-izm) [named from Sidney A. 
Weltmer]. A system of suggestive treatment 
aiming to bring the body and mind into harmony. 
wen (wen). A sebaceous cyst. 
Wender's test (ven'derz) [Neumann Wender, 
Austrian chemist]. See under tests. 
Wenzell's test (wen'zelz) [William Theodore 
Wenzell, American physician, born 1829]. See 
under tests. 
Werdnig-Hoffmann paralysis or type (verd'- 
nig-hof'man) [Guido Werdnig, Austrian neurolo- 
gist; Ernst Hoffmann, German neurologist, born 
1868]. See paralysis. 
Werlhof's disease (verl'hofs) [Paul Gottlieb 
Werlhof, German physician, 1699-1767]. See 
purpura hemorrhagica. 
Wernekinck's commissure (ver'na-kinks) [Fried- 
rich Christian Gregor W ernekinck, German anat- 
omist,. 1798-1835]. See commissure. 
Wernicke's fissure, sign, etc. (ver'nik-ez) [Carl 
Wernicke, German alienist, 1848-1905]. See 
fissure, sign, etc. 
Wertheim's ointment (ver'timz) [Gustav Wer- 
theim, physician in Vienna, 1822-1888]. See oint- 
ment. 
Wertheim's operation (ver'timz) [Ernst Wer- 
theim, gynecologist in Vienna, 1864-1920]. See 
under operation. 
Westberg's disease, space (vest'bergz) [Friedrich 
Westberg, German physician of the nineteenth cen- 
tury], See disease and space. 
Westphal's contraction, nucleus, sign (west'- 
fals) [Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, German 
alienist, 1833-1890; Alexander Karl Otto West- 
phal, born 1862]. See contraction, nucleus, sign. 
wet-brain (wet'bran). A moist and edematous 
state of the brain due to alcoholism; incorrectly 
called acute serous (or alcoholic) meningitis. 
wet-cup (wet'kup). A cupping-glass to be used 
after scarification. 
wet-nurse (wet'nurs). A nurse who gives suck to 
her charge. 
wet-pack (wet-pak'). The wrapping of a patient 
in wet sheets to reduce temperature. 
wet-scald. Eczema in sheep. 
Wetzel's test (vet'selz) [Georg Wetzel, German 
physician, born 1871]. See under tests. 
Weyl's test (walz) [Theodor Weyl, German chemist, 
1851-1913]. See under tests. 
whalebone (hwal'bon). A horny substance from 
the mouths of various whales, especially Bala'na 
mystice'tus. It is used in making probangs and 
other articles used in surgery. 
wharl (hwarl). A rattling or uvular utterance of 
the r-sound. 
Wharton's duct, jelly (hwar'tunz) [Thomas 
Wharton, English physician and anatomist, 1610- 
1673]. See duct and jelly. 
whartonitis (hwar'ton-i'tis). Inflammation of 
Wharton's duct. 
wheal (hwel). A white or pinkish elevation or ridge 
on the skin, as in urticaria or after the stroke of a 
whip. 
Wheatstone's bridge (whet'stonz) [Charles Wheat- 
stone, English physicist, 1802-1875]. See under 
bridge. 
Wheelhouse's operation (hwel'hows-ez) 
[Claudius Galen Wheelhouse, English surgeon of the 
19th century]. See urethrotomy. 
wheeze (hwez). A sound made by suddenly forcing 
the breath through the glottis, asthma toid w., 
a sound similar to the wheezing heard when the 
ear is placed close to the mouth of an asthmatic; 
heard in cases of foreign body in the trachea or 
bronchus. Called also Jackson's sign. 
wheezing (hwe'zing). Difficult breathing attended 
with a whistling sound. 
whelk (hwelk). A wheal; also a protuberance on 
the face: seen especially upon the faces of hard 
drinkers. 
whetstone crystals (hwet'ston). Crystals of xan- 
thin in the urine. 
whettle-bones (hwet'el-bonz). The dorsal verte- 
brae. 
whey (hwa). The thin serum of milk remaining 
after the curd and cream have been removed. 
alum-W., a whey prepared by boiling milk with 
a piece of alum and removing the curd by strain- 
ing. w.-cure, the treatment of disease by the 
administration of whey, litmus w., whey colored 
with litmus to a deep purplish-red color. Pe- 
truschky's litmus w. See litmus whey, wine- 
w., a preparation of milk coagulated with white 
wine, strained from the curd, and sweetened with 
sugar. 
wheyn (hwan). A proprietary nutrient and stimu- 
lating drink prepared from sterilized whey. 
whiff, oral (hwif). Drummond's sign. See 
under sign. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
1243 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
I'roy grains. 
Scruples. 
Drams. 
Troy ounces. 
Pound. * 
letnc equivalents 
Grams. 
gr. 20 
91 
= 
1-295 
6o 
= 3 
5 1 
= 
3-885 
480 
= 24 
= 8 
= 3* 
31.08 
576o 
= 288 
= 96 
= 12 = 
tb 1 = 
372.96 
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 
Troy grains. 
Drams. 
Ounces. 
Pound. 
Metric equival 
Grams. 
gr. 27.34375 
= dr. 1 
=3 
I-77O5 
437-5 
= 16 
= oz. I 
- 
28.328 
7000 
= 256 
= 16 = 
ft I = 
453-60 
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 
Grains. 
Pennyweights. 
Ounces. 
Pound. 
24 
= 
dwt. I 
480 
= 
20 
= 
oz. 1 
5760 
= 
240 
= 
12 
lb I 
TROY WEIGHT. 
Minims. 
Fluidrams. 
Fluidounces. 
Pints. 
Gallon. 
^60 
f3 1 
480 
= 8 = 
7680 
= 128 - 
16 = 
Oi 
61440 
= 1024 = 
128 = 
8 
C. I 
APOTHECARIES' (WINE) MEASURE. 
RELATION OF MEASURES OF U. S. PHARMACOPEIA TO CUBIC MEASURE. 
1 gallon = 231.0 cubic inches. 
1 pint = 28.875 cubic inches. 
1 fluidounce = 1.80468 cubic inches. 
1 fluidram = 0.22558 cubic inch. 
1 minim = 0.00375 cubic inch. 
Minims. 
Fluidrams. 
Fluidounces. 
Pints. 
Gallon. 
60 
- 
I 
480 
= 
8 
=s 
I 
9600 
= 
160 
= 
20 
= 
1 
76800 
= 
1280 
= 
160 
- 
8 
= 
1 
IMPERIAL MEASURE. 
APOTHECARIES' MEASURE. 
IMPERIAL 
MEASURE. 
Pints. 
Fluidounces. 
Fluidrams. 
Minims. 
I minim = 
I.04 
i fluidram = 
I 
2-5 
i fluidounce = 
I 
O 
20 
i pint = 
16 
5 
18 
i gallon = 
6 
13 
2 
23 
TABLE FOR CONVERTING APOTHECARIES' INTO IMPERIAL MEASURE. 
TABLE FOR CONVERTING IMPERIAL INTO APOTHECARIES' MEASURE. 
IMPERIAL MEASURE. 
APOTHECARIES' MEASURE. 
Gallon. 
I minim = 
i fluidram = 
i fluidounce = 
I pint = 
Pint. Fluidounces. Fluidrams. Minims. 
0.96 
58 
7 41 
13 1 38 
i gallon = i 
19 5 8 
RELATION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF U. S. PHARMACOPEIA. 
i pound = 0.7900031 pint = 6067.2238 minims 
1 ounce = I-°53337^> fluidounces = 505.6019 " 
1 dram = I-°533376 fluidrams = 63.2002 " 
1 scruple = 21.0667 " 
1 grain = 1.0533 
1 gallon = 10.1265427 pounds = 58328.8862 grains 
1 pint =• 1.2658178 pounds = 7291.1107 . " 
1 fluidounce = 0.9493633 ounce - 455.6944 '• 
1 fluidram - 0.9493633 dram = 56.9618 " 
1 minim = 0.9493 " WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
1244 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
APPROXIMATE VALUE OF DOMESTIC MEASURES. 
Tea-cup = f?iv. 
Wine-glass = i^ij. 
Tablespoon = fSss. 
Teaspoon = fjj. 
LINEAR MEASURE, 
Lines. 
Inches. 
Feet. 
Y ards. 
Fathems. 
Perches. 
Furlongs. 
Mile. 
I = 
0.0833 
12 
36 
72 
198 
7920 
= 0.00696 
= 1 
= 3 = 
- 6 = 
165 = 
= 660 = 
I 
2 
5.5 
220 
= I 
= 2-75 = 
= IIO - 
I 
40 
= I 
63360 
= 5280 = 
1760 
= 880 = 
320 
=- 8 = 
I 
Square inches. 
Square feet. 
Square yards. Square perches. 
Rods. 
Acre. 
144 
= 
I 
1296 
= 
9 
I 
39204 
- 
272.25 
= 30.25 = 1 
1568160 
- 
10890 
= 1210 = 40 = 
1 
6272640 
= 
43560 
- 4840 = 160 = 
4 
- 
I 
SQUARE MEASURE. 
SOLID MEASURE. 
Cubic inches. 
Cubic feet. 
Cubic yard. 
1728 
=3 
I 
46656 
27 
= 
I 
Pints. 
Quarts. 
Gallons. 
Pecks. 
Bushels. 
Quarter. 
2 
=3 
I 
8 
e- 
4 
=3 
I 
16 
8 
■= 
2 
s=s 
I 
64 
- 
32 
= 
8 
= 
4 
as 
I 
512 
sa 
256 
- 
64 
= 
32 
•= 
8 
= 
I 
DRY MEASURE. 
METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
The meter, or unit of length, at 320 F., = 39.370432 inches. 
The liter, or unit of capacity, = 33.816 fluidoun<;es. 
The gram, or unit of weight, = 15.43234874 troy grains. 
METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH. 
. 1 myriameter = 10000 meters. 
1 kilometer = 1000 meters. 
1 hectometer = 100 meters. 
1 decameter = 10 meters. 
1 meter = ten-millionth part of a quarter of a meridian of the earth. 
1 decimeter = tenth part of 1 meter, or 0.1 meter. 
1 centimeter = hundredth part of 1 meter, or 0.01 meter. 
1 millimeter = thousandth part of 1 meter, or 0.001 meter. 
English inches. 
Millimeter (mm.) = -03937 
Centimeter (cm.) = -3937° 
Decimeter (dm.) = 3-93704 Miles. Rods. Yards. Feet. Inches. 
Meter (m.) = 39.37043 = 10 3-37° 
Decameter (Dm.) = 393.70432 = 10 2 9-7°4 
Hectometer (Hm.) = 3937.04320 = 109 1 1*043 
Kilometer (Km.) = 39370.43200 = 160 213 1 10.432 
Myriameter (Mm.) = 393704.32000 = 6 40 156 o 8.320 
METRIC MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 
I myrialiter = io cubic meters, or the measure of io milliliters of water. 
x kiloliter = i cubic meter, or the measure of i milliliter of water. 
i hectoliter = too cubic decimeters, or the measure of one quintal of water. 
i decaliter = io cubic decimeters, or the measure of i myriagram of water. 
i liter = i cubic decimeter, or the measure of i kilogram of water. 
i deciliter = 100 cubic centimeters, or the measure of i hectogram of water. 
I centiliter = io cubic centimeters, or the measure of x decagram of water. 
I milliliter = i cubic centimeter, or the measure of i gram of water. English Cubic Inches. Apothecaries' Measure. English. 
Milliliter (c.c.) = .061028 = 16.2318 minims. 
Centiliter (cl.) = .610280 = 2.7053 fluidrams. 
Deciliter (dl.) = 6.102800 = 3.3816 fluidounces. Tons. Hhd. Wine Gals. Pints. 
Liter (1.) = 61.028000 = 2.1135 pints. 2.1133 
Decaliter (Dl.) = 610.280000 = 2.6419 gallons. 2 5.1352 
Hectoliter (Hl.) = 6102.800000= 26.419 
Kiloliter (KI.) = 61028.000000 = 10 12.19 
Myrialiter (Ml.) = 610280.000000 = 10 1 58.9 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
1245 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
METRIC WEIGHTS. 
1 my riagram = 10000 grams. 
1 kilogram = 1000 grams. 
1 hectogram = 100 grams. 
1 decagram = 10 grams. 
1 gram = weight of 1 cubic centimeter of water. 
1 decigram - tenth part of 1 gram, or 0.1 gram. 
1 centigram = hundredth part of 1 gram, or 0.01 gram. 
1 milligram = thousandth part of 1 gram, or 0.001 gram. 
Troy grains. 
Milligram (mg.) = -0154 
Centigram (eg.) = .1543 
Decigram (dg.) = t-5432 
Gram (Gm.) = 15.4323 &> (troy). 3 5 Gr. 
Decagram (Dg.) = 154.3234 = 2 34.3 
Hectogram (Hg.) = 1543.2348 = 31 43.2 
Kilogram (Kg.) = 15432.3487 = 281 12.3 
Myriagram (Mg.) = 154323.4874 = 26 9 4 3.4 
VALUE OF AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS AND IMPERIAL MEASURES IN METRIC 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
Avoirdupois Weights. Metric Weights. 
i pound = 453-5925 grams. 
1 ounce = 28.3495 grams. 
1 grain = 0.0648 gram. 
Imperial Measures. Metric Measures. 
i gallon = 4.543487 liters. 
1 pint = 0.567936 liter. 
1 fluidounce = 0.028396 liter. 
1 fluidram = 0.003549 liter. 
1 minim = 0.000059 liter. 
Inches. 
Centimeters. 
Inches. 
Centimeters. 
Inches. 
Millimeters. 
Inches. 
Millimeters. 
12 
= 30-48 
6 = 
15-24 
A 
= 1.00 
f - 
I5-85 
II 
= 27.94 
S = 
12.70 
= 2.II 
3 = 
16.92 
IO 
= 25.40 
4 = 
10.16 
i 
= 3-17 
1 = 
I9-O5 
9 
= 22.86 
3 = 
7.62 
i 
= 6.35 
I = 
21.15 
8 
= 20.32 
2 = 
5.08 
= 8.46 
i = 
22.19 
7 
= 17.78 
I * = 
2.54 
= 12.70 
H = 
23-28 
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF STANDARD AND METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH. 
i = 0.06 
2 = 0.12 
3 = 0.18 
4 = 0.24 
5 = 0-3° 
6 = 0.36 
7 = 0.42 
8 = 0.50 
9 = o-55 
10 = 0.60 
11 = 0.68 
12 = 0.74 
13 = 0.80 
14 = 0.85 
15 = 0.92 
16 = 1.00 
17 = 1.05 
18 = 1.12 
19 = 1.17 
20 = 1.25 
Minims. Cen^ers. 
3 
E. Ln Ln 4^ 4^ W W to 
M O'Ln A w to M Hl Hl Hl Q. Ln 0 Ln 0 Ln OW 
hHwOnHH g 
3 
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 
K) h) H M H 
Ch JO 00 Cn hi ostn 4- CO W W K) p 10 p H 
0 Cn Cn Q tO tn Ln Ch Ch Lj 4- O 00 Ln hi Zq Ln 
OOOOLnOMQLn^ O W O 0 ^q4- 
Minims. r Cubic 
Centimeters. 
1 = 30.001 
2 = 59-20 
3 = 89.00 
4 = 118.40 
5 = 148.00 
6 = 178.00 
7 = 207.00 
8 = 236.00 
9 = 266.00 
10 = 295.70 
n = 325-25 
I2 = 355-oo 
13 = 38500 
14 = 414.00 
15 = 444-00 
16 = 473.11 
17 = 503-00 
18 = 532.00 
19 = 562.00 
20 = 591.50 
Fluid- Cubic 
ounces. Centimeters. 
21 = 621.00 
22 = 650.00 
23 = 680.00 
24 = 710.00 
25 = 740.00 
26 = 769.00 
27 = 798-5o 
28 - 828.00 
29 = 858.00 
30 = 887.25 
31 = 917.00 
32 = 946.00 
48 = 1419.00 
56 = i655-oo 
64 = 1892.00 
72 = 2128.00 
80 = 2365.00 
96 - 2839.00 
112 = 3312.00 
128 = 3785.00 
Fluid- Cubic 
ounces. Centimeters. 
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF APOTHECARIES' AND METRIC FLUID MEASURES. 
1 More accurately, 29.57 c.c. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF METRIC FLUID AND APOTHECARIES' MEASURES. 
1246 
Cubic 
Centimeters. 
Fluid- 
ounces. 
Cubic 
Centimeters. 
Fluid- 
ounces. 
Cubic 
Centimeters. 
Fluidrams. 
Cubic 
Centimeters. 
Minims. 
IOOO 
= 
33-8i 
400 = 
13-53 
25 
= 
6.76 
4 
= 
64.8 
900 
= 
30-43 
300 = 
10.14 
IO 
= 
2.71 
3 
= 
48.6 
800 
= 
27-05 
200 = 
6.76 
9 
2.43 
2 
= 
32-4 
700 
= 
23.67 
IOO = 
3-38 
8 
= 
2.16 
1 
= 
16.00' 
600 
= 
20.29 
75 = 
2-53 
7 
= 
1.89 
0.09 
= 
1.46 
500 
= 
16.90 
50 = 
1.69 
6 
= 
1.62 
0.07 
I-I4 
473 
16.00 
30 = 
1.00' 
5 
= 
i-35 
0.05 
= 
0.81 
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS. 
Grams. 
Grains. 
Grams. 
Grains. 
Grams. 
Grains. 
Grams 
Grains. 
0.0010 = 
A 
0.065 = 
1-003 
I = 
15-43 
100 
= I543.23 
0.0020 - 
0.100 - 
1-543 
2 = 
30-86 
125 
= 1929.04 
O.OO4O = 
A 
0.130 = 
2.006 
3 = 
46.30 
150 
= 2314.85 
0.0065 = 
0.150 = 
2.315 
4 = 
61.73 
175 
= 2700.65 
0.0081 = 
0.180 = 
2.778 
5 = 
77.16 
450 
= 6944.55 
0.0108 = 
0.200 = 
3.086 
6 = 
92.60 
550 
= 8487.78 
0.0162 = 
I 
O.3OO = 
4-630 
7 = 
108.01 
650 
= 10031.01 
0.0324 = 
4 
0.500 = 
7.7i6 
8 = 
123.46 
750 
= 11574.26 
0.0486 = 
i 
0.700 = 
10.803 
9 = 
138.90 
850 
= 13117.49 
0.0567 = 
i 
0.900 = 
13 890 
10 = 
I54.32 
1000 
= 15432.35 
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF APOTHECARIES' AND METRIC WEIGHTS. 
Il II II II II II II II II H II ll II ll ll ll ll ll ll ll II II II II 
oooooooooooooooooooooooo 
1£ 8 2 2 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 
OO to I-H Ch to O 00 (>Cn 4^-bOJUJlOWMKlHHMrtHMO 
Ch 4- Ch N) \O CO h 4 4 <4 0 Ch 10 M Cn m O 00 Ch CO CO 0 O O' 
0 0 O 0 ^OOCoOtOCiO^ O O Ch to O to Ui O Oo h 
tOtOtOtOMWUMMh-MW^MMM 
W to H OO OOM ChOlCn4-CO to M OO OOM O^cn A co tO m 
bi 
UJ 
II II II II II II- II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 
h ,H .H " ,M " .H " !"* P P 9 P P P P P P P P P P P P 
4 4 lo co io i-i m b 0 4 4 oom M o d'Ln '» h h b 
O' to JC-t- 004 0^4 04 00 m Ln 0 tO O'0 10 O"O Co O' 
OLnOOOOt0O©t0MLnOCnOOOOO44OLnOCn 
? 
0. 
5' 
? 
5 
CnCnCnCn4^-^4^AC0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0 tO tO 10 tO tO tO 
00 Ch to o 00 4- to OO OOM ChCn 4^ co to M OO OOM ChCn 4* 
II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II 
UWWWUN»»»»RHpNpuNHHHHHHH 
M 44 to Q OOM 'O'Ln 4 4 W to (0 H i-t 0 4 bo OOM bsCn 
Ln Ln 0 tn 0 OiU 0 tn M O 0 In 0 O'O 0 Ln M to Ln 0 to Ln 
O 
E. 
5' 
? 
3 
3 
w> 
i = 3-9° 
2 = 7.80 
3 = 11-65 
4 = 15-50 
5 = 19.40 
6 = 23.30 
7 = 27.20 
Ounces. 
1 = 31.10< 
2 = 62.20 
3 = 93-3° 
4 = 124.40 
5 = 155-5° 
6 = 186.60 
7 = 217.70 
8 = 248.80 
9 = 280.00 
10 = 311.00 
11 = 342.14 
12 = 373.23 
14 = 435-50 
16 = 497.60 
24 = 746.40 
48 = 1492.80 
100 = 3110.40 
Drams. Grams. 
Avoir. 
Ounces. 
Grams. 
Avoir. 
Ounces. 
Grams. 
Avoir. 
Ounces. 
Grams. 
Avoir. 
Pounds. 
Grams. 
= 
1-772 
5 = 
UI-75 
13 = 
368.54 
3 = 
1360.78 
i = 
3-544 
6 = 
170.10 
14 = 
396.90 
4 = 
1814.37 
i = 
7.088 
7 = 
198.45 
15 = 
425-25 
5 = 
2267.96 
I = 
14-175 
8 = 
226.80 
Avoir. 
6 = 
2727-55 
I - 
28.350 
9 = 
255-15 
Pounds. 
7 = 
3I75-I4 
2 = 
56.700 
IO = 
283.50 
I = 
453-60 
8 = 
3628.74 
3 = 
85050 
II = 
311.84 
2 = 
907.18 
9 = 
4082.33 
4 • = 
113.400 
12 = 
340.20 
2.2 = 
1000.00 
IO = 
4535-92 
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF AVOIRDUPOIS AND METRIC WEIGHTS. 
1 More accurately, t.oi. 
3 More ac curately, 15.432 4- gr. = k grain 
2 More accurately, 16.23. 
4 More accurately, 31.10349 grams. WHIN 
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF METRIC AND AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS. 
1247 
WILLIAMSON'S TEST 
Grams. 
Oz. 
Gr. 
Grams. 
Oz. 
Gr. 
Grams. 
Oz. 
Gr. 
Grams. 
Oz. 
Gr. 
28-35 
- I 
38 = 
I 
149 
125 = 
4 
179 
600 = 
21 
72 
2Q 
= I 
IO 
39 = 
I 
164 
150 = 
5 
127 
650 = 
22 
405 
3° 
- I 
25 
40 = 
I 
180 
200 = 
7 
24 
700 = 
24 
303 
31 
= I 
41 
50 -= 
I 
334 
250 = 
8 
358 
750 = 
26 
198 
32 
= [ 
56 
60 = 
2 
50 
300 •= 
IO 
255 
800 = 
28 
96 
33 
= I 
72 
70 = 
2 
205 
350 - 
12 
152 
850 = 
29 
429 
34 
= I 
87 
80 = 
2 
360 
400 - 
14 
48 
900 = 
31 
326 
35 
= I 
103 
85 - 
3 
450 = 
15 
382 
95° = 
33 
222 
36 
= I 
118 
90 - 
3 
76 
500 = 
17 
279 
1000 = 
35 
120 
37 
= I 
133 
IOO = 
3 
230 
550 --- 
IQ 
175 
whin (hwin). See Ulex. 
whip-worm (hwip'werm). See Trichocephalus 
dispar. 
whirl-bone (whirl'bon). 1. The patella, rotula, or 
knee-cap. 2. The head of the femur. 
whisky, whiskey (hwis'ke). An alcoholic liquor 
distilled from barley, rye, maize, wheat, or pota- 
toes; spiritus frumenti. 
whisper (hwis'per). A soft, low, sibilant breathing 
sound produced by the unvoiced passage of the 
breath through the glottis. 
whispered bronchophony (hwis'perd). See 
bronchophony. 
whispering pectoriloquy (hwis'per-ing). See 
pectoriloquy. 
whistle, Galton's (hwis'el). A metallic whistle 
used in testing the sense of hearing. Sahli's w., 
a sound resembling whistling heard in the abdomen 
and caused by flatus passing an intestinal stenosis. 
white scours. See under scours. 
whitecomb (hwit'kom). See comb disease, under 
disease. 
Whitehead's operation (hwit'hedz) [Walter 
Whitehead, English surgeon, 1840-1913]. See 
under operation. 
white-pocks, white-pox. See under pox. 
White's disease (hwitz) [James C. White, derma- 
tologist in Boston, 1833-1916]. Keratosis follicu- 
laris. 
White's operation (hwitz) [J. William White, Phil- 
adelphia surgeon, 1850-1916]. See operation. 
whites (hwitz). Same as leukorrhea. 
whiting (hwi'ting). A commercial form of calcium 
carbonate. 
whitlow (hwit'lo). A felon, panaris, or paronychia. 
See paronychia, melanotic w., a malignant 
disease of the nail-bed characterized by the forma- 
tion of melanotic tissue about the nail border and 
under the nail: melanoblastoma of the nail-bed. 
Whitmore's disease or fever (hwit'morz) 
[Major Whitmore, of the Indian Medical Service]. 
See under disease. 
whoop (hoop). The sonorous and convulsive in- 
spiration of whooping-cough. 
whooping-cough (hoop'ing-kawf). Pertussis; an 
infectious disease characterized by catarrh of the 
respiratory tract and peculiar paroxysms of cough, 
ending in a prolonged crowing or whooping respira- 
tion. After an incubation period of about two 
weeks the catarrhal stage begins, with slight fever, 
sneezing, running at the nose, and a dry cough. 
In a week or two the paroxysmal stage begins, with 
the characteristic paroxysmal cough. This con- 
sists of a deep inspiration, followed by a series of 
quick, short coughs, continuing until the air is ex- 
pelled from the lungs. During the paroxysm the 
face becomes cyanosed, the eyes injected, and the 
veins distended. The cough frequently induces 
vomiting, and, in severe cases, epistaxis or other 
hemorrhage. The close of the paroxysm is marked 
by a long-drawn, shrill, whooping inspiration, due 
to spasmodic closure of the glottis. The number 
of paroxysms varies from ten or twelve to forty or 
fifty in twenty-four hours. This stage lasts from 
three to four weeks, and is followed by the stage of 
decline, during which the paroxysms grow less fre- 
quent and less violent, and finally cease. The 
disease is most frequently met in children, is 
much more prevalent in cold weather, and is very 
contagious, the virus being apparently associated 
with the sputum. The disease is apt to be com- 
plicated with catarrhal pneumonia, pulmonary 
collapse, emphysema, convulsions, and hemor- 
rhages into the eye, ear, or brain, and severe cases 
are sometimes followed by chronic bronchitis, 
tuberculosis, or nephritis. 
whorl. See vortex. 
Whytt's disease (hwlts) [Robert IFAyM, Scotch 
physician, 1714-1766]. Acute hydrocephalus. 
Wichmann's asthma (vik'mahnz) [Johann Ernst 
Wichmann, German physician, 1740-1802]. Laryn- 
gismus stridulus. 
Wickersheimer's fluid (wik'er-shi-merz) [J. 
Wickersheimer, anatomist in Berlin, 1832-1896]. 
See fluid. 
Widal reaction or test (ve-dal') [Fernand Widal, 
physician in Paris, born 1862]. See under tests. 
Widal-Abrami disease (ve'dal-ab-rah'me). Ac- 
quired hemolytic jaundice. 
wiggler (wig'ler). The larva of a mosquito^ 
Wildbolz reaction (vill'bolts) [H. Wildbolz, Swiss 
urologist, born 1873]. See reaction. 
Wilder's sign (wil'derz) [William Hamilton Wilder, 
ophthalmologist in Chicago, born i860]. See 
under sign. 
Wildermuth's ear (vil'der-moots) [Hermann A. 
Wildermuth, alienist in Stuttgart, born 1852]. See 
under ear. 
Wilde's cord, incision (wlldz) [Sir William 
Robert Wills Wilde, Irish surgeon, 1810-1896]. 
See cord, incision, etc. 
wild-mint (wild'mint). A fragrant North Ameri- 
can plant, Men'tha canaden'sis, resembling penny- 
royal in its odor and properties. 
Wilkinson's ointment (wil'kin-sonz) J. H. Wil- 
kinson, English physician of the nineteenth cen- 
tury]. See ointment. 
Wilks' disease (wilks) [Sir Samuel Wilks, English 
physician, 1824-1911]. See under disease. 
Willan's lepra (wil'anz) [Robert Willan, English 
physician, 1757-1812]. Psoriasis. 
Williams' tracheal tone (wil'yamz) [Charles 
Williams, English physician, 1838-1889]. See 
Williams' sign, under sign. 
Williamson's sign (wil'yam-sunz) [Oliver K. 
Williamson, contemporary London physician]. 
See under sign. 
Williamson's test (wil'yam-sunz) [Richard 
Thomas Williamson, contemporary English physi- 
cian]. See under tests. Willis' circle, cords (wil'is) [Thomas Willis, 
English anatomist and physician, 1621-1675]. See 
circle, cord. 
willow (wil'o). Any tree or species of the genus 
Sa'lix: the bark is tonic and antiperiodic, contain- 
ing salicin. 
Wilms' tumor (vihns) [Max Wilms, German sur- 
geon, 1867-1918]. Embryoma of the kidney. 
Wilson's disease (wil'sunz) [Samuel Alex. Kinnear 
Wilson, English physician]. Progressive lenticular 
degeneration. See under degeneration. 
Wilson's disease [William James Erasmus Wilson, 
English dermatologist, 1809-1884]. See disease. 
Wilson's muscle [James Wilson, English surgeon, 
about 1800]. See muscle. 
Winckel's disease (vin'kelz) [Franz Ch. W. von 
Winckel, gynecologist in Munich, 1837-1911]. See 
disease. 
Winckler's tests (wink'lerz). See under tests. 
wind, broken. Dyspnea, often paroxysmal, in the 
horse, sometimes associated with heart disease. 
windage (win'daj). A supposed lesion caused by 
missiles which do not really strike. 
windgall (wind'gawl). A soft swelling in the region 
of the fetlock-joint of a horse. 
winding (win'ding). Any part of an electric circuit 
which is coiled. 
windlass, Spanish (wind'las). An improvised 
tourniquet consisting of a handkerchief tied 
around a part and twisted by a stick passed 
under it. 
window (win'do). See fenestra. 
windpipe (wind'pip). The trachea. 
wind-puff (wind'puf). A swelling just above the 
fetlock-joint of a horse, caused by a collection of 
synovial fluid between the tendons of the leg. 
wind-stroke (wind'strok). Acute spinal paralysis 
of a horse. 
wind-sucking. See cribbing. 
wine (win) [L. vi'num]. 1. Fermented grape-juice; 
an alcoholic stimulant containing, according to the 
variety, from 6 to 22 per cent, of alcohol. 2. A 
solution of medicine in wine. See under vinum. 
red w., a wine of dark color, such as Bordeaux, 
claret, and especially port. w. of Vickers, for- 
merly used as a restorative medicine, white w., 
wine of a light color, like Madeira, Burgundy, sherry, 
Rhine wine, or champagne. 
wineglass (win'glas). A measure nearly equal to 
two fluidounces. 
wing (wing). Same as ala. w's of Ingrassias, 
the wings of the sphenoid bone, w's of the 
nose. See ala nasi, w's of the sphenoid, the 
laterally projecting processes of the sphenoid bone. 
The great wings lie between the petrous and 
squamous portions of the temporal bone behind, 
and the parietal, malar, and frontal bones in front. 
The lesser wings articulate with the frontal bone 
and cover the back part of the orbit. 
Winiwarter's operation (vin'e-var-terz) [Alex- 
ander von Winiwarter, German surgeon, bom 
1848]. See under operation. 
Winslow's foramen, ligament, pouch, stars, 
etc. (wins'loz) [Jacob Beningnus Winslow, anat- 
omist in Paris, 1669-1760]. See foramen, ligament, 
pouch, stars, etc. 
Winterbottom's symptom (win'ter-bot-umz) 
[Thomas Winterbottom, American physician of the 
19th century]. See under symptom. 
wintergreen (win'ter-gren). Same as Gaultheria. 
Winternitz's sound, test (vin'ter--nits-ez) [Wil- 
helm Winternitz, physician in Vienna, 1835-1917]. 
See under sound and tests. 
Wintrich's sign (win'triks) [Anton Wintrich, Ger- 
man physician, 1812-1882]. See sign. 
wireworm (wiPwerm). A worm, Hamon'chus 
cantor'tus, which infests the intestines of sheep and 
other ruminants. 
WILLIS' CIRCLE 
1248 
wiring (wiping). The fastening of pieces of broken 
bone by means of wire sutures. 
Wirsung's canal (veFsoongz) [Christoph Wirsung, 
German physician, died 1643]. See canal. 
wisdom-tooth (wiz'dum-tuth). The last molar 
tooth on either side of each jaw. 
wismol (wis'mol). A proprietary dressing powder, 
wistarin (wis'tar-in). A crystallizable and poison- 
ous glucosid fron Wista'ria chinen'sis. 
witch-hazel (witsh-ha'zl). Same as Hamamelis. 
Withania sonmif'era (with-a'ne-ah). A plant 
recommended as a hypnotic: it is nearly related 
to At'ropa belladon'na. 
withers (with'erz). The top of the shoulders of the 
horse, fistulous W., fistula of the withers. 
Witzelsucht (vit'sel-zukt) [Ger.]. A mental condi- 
tion marked by the making of poor jokes and puns 
and the telling of stories without a point to them, 
at which the patient is himself intensely amused. 
W. L. Abbreviation for wave-length. 
Wladimiroff's operation (vlad-im-eFofs). See 
operation. 
Wohlfar'tia magnif'ica. A flesh fly. Its mag- 
gots may be found in human feces. 
Wohlgemuth's test (vol'ge-moots) [Julius Wohl- 
gemuth, contemporary German physician]. See 
under tests. 
Woillez's disease (vwah'Iaz) [Eugene Joseph 
Woillez, French physician, 1811-1882]. See under 
disease. 
Wolff-Eisner reaction (volf-is'ner) [Alfred Wolff- 
Eisner, contemporary physician in Berlin], See 
reaction. 
Wolff's law (volfs) [Julius Wolff, German anato- 
mist, 1836-1902]. See under law. 
Wolffian (wool'fe-an). Described by Kaspar Fried- 
rich Wolff, a German anatomist and embryologist, 
I733~i794- W. body. See under body. w. 
cyst. See under cyst. w. duct. See under duct. 
Wolfler's operation, sign, suture (vel'flerz) 
[Anton Wblfler, surgeon in Prague, born 1850]. See 
operation, sign, suture. 
wolframium (wolf-ra'me-um). See tungsten. 
wolf's-bane (woolfs'ban). 1. Same as aconite. 2. 
A poisonous asclepiadaceous plant, Periplo'ca 
grce'ca: formerly used in medicine. 
Wollaston's doublet (wool'as-tonz) [William 
Hyde Wollaston, English physician, 1766-1828]. 
See doublet. 
womb (woom). Same as uterus. 
wood-alcohol (wuhd-al'ko-hol). Same as methyl 
alcohol. 
wood, Brazil (wuhd). The wood of the tree Ccesal- 
pin'ia echina'ta, which furnishes the crystalline 
dye brazilin. 
Woodbridge treatment (wuhd'brij) [John Eliot 
Woodbridge, American physician, 1845-1901]. See 
treatment. 
wooden tongue (wud'en). Actinomycosis of 
cattle 
wood-flour (wuhd'flowr). A very fine saw-dust 
used in surgical dressings. 
wood-naphtha (wuhd-naf'thah). A hydrocarbon 
mixture distilled from wood. 
wood-oil (wuhd'oil). Same as gu/jun balsam. 
wood-pulp (wuhd'pulp). A material used in mak- 
ing paper: highly recommended for use in making 
surgeons' splints. 
wood-rat. Rats of the genus Neotoma. They are 
hosts to Lamus protracta. 
wood-tar (wuhd'tahr). See under tar. 
wood-wool (wuhd'wuhl). A wood-fiber fabric for 
surgeons' and obstetricians' wadding, sheets, nap- 
kins, etc. 
WOOD-WOOk WOODYATT'S PUMP 
1249 
WYLIE'S DRAIN 
Woodyatt's pump (wood'yats) [Rollin Turner 
Woodyatt, American physician, born 1878]. See 
under pump. 
wool (wuhl) [E. la'na}. The hair of sheep and lambs; 
lambs' wool is used in surgery, w.-fat, lanolin or 
agnin; a yellow, fatty substance, the prepared suint, 
or yolk, of sheep's wool. It is used as an emollient 
and as a basis for ointments. Hydrous w.-fat con- 
tains 30 per cent, of water, and is used for the same 
purposes, gut W., catgut torn into shreds: used 
as a packing in cavities to arrest bleeding. 
woolsorters' disease (wool'sor-terz). See anthrax. 
woorali, woorara (woo'ral-e, woo-rah'rah). Same 
as curare. 
word-blindness. See aphasia. 
word-center. See center. 
word-deafness. See deafness. 
word-salad. The meaningless, jumbled speech 
characteristic of catatonia. 
worm (werm) [L. ve/mis]. 1. Any small creeping 
animal made up of rings or joints. 2. In medical 
literature, a helminth; an animal endoparasite, 
w.-abscess, an abscess caused by worms, or one 
containing worms. beef-W., a burrowing para- 
site, Dermato'bia noxia'lis, of tropical America. 
It infests man and domestic animals, bladder- 
W., a cysticercus; bladder-worms exist in various 
parenchymatous tissues of a host; being then 
transferred to the stomach of another host, they 
develop into tapeworms, w. of the cerebellum. 
See vermis and postvermis, eel W. See Ascaris. 
w.-fever, a fever of young children, believed to 
be due to worms, flat W. See Platyhelminthes. 
fluke-w. See fluke, guinea-w. See Filaria 
medinensis. hook w. See hookworm, inferior 
w. of the cerebellum. See postvermis, meal 
w. See Asopia farinalis. Medina w. See 
Filaria medinensis. mosquito w., the maggot 
of Dermatobia. palisade w. See Strongylus 
equinus. pin-w., seat-w. See Oxyuris. 
round-w. See Ascaris. screw-w., the larvae 
of Chrysomyia macellaria, q. v. spiny-headed 
w. See Acanthocephala. stomach w., a small, 
thread-like worm, Strongylus contortus, infesting 
the fourth stomach of sheep, and producing weak- 
ness, wasting, and death, tape-w. See tape- 
worm. w.-tea, compound infusion of spigelia: 
a preparation of 240 gr. each of spigelia and 
manna, 120 gr. of senna, 60 gr. of fennel, and 16 
fl.oz. of boiling water. Dose, 1-5 fl.oz. (30-150 
c.c.). Called also pink and senna, thorn- 
headed w. See Acanthocephala. thread-w. 
See Oxyuris and Trichocephalus. tongue w. 
See Linguatula and Porocephalus. trichina w. 
See Trichina, whip-w. See Trichocephalus. 
wormian bones (wer'me-an) [Olaus Worm, Danish 
anatomist, 1588-1654]. See bone. 
Wormley's test (worm'lez) [Theodore G. Wormley, 
Philadelphia chemist, 1826-1897]. See under tests. 
Worm-Miiller's test (vorm-mel'erz) [Jacob Worm- 
Muller, Norwegian physician, 1834-1889]. See 
under tests. 
wormseed (wenn'sed). See Chenopodium and 
santonica. 
wormwood (werm'wood). See absinthium. 
worsted test. See Holmgren's test, under tests. 
Woulfe's bottle (wool'fez) [Peter Woulfe, English 
chemist, 1727-1803]. A three-necked bottle 
used for washing gases or for saturating liquids 
with a gas. 
wound (woond) [L. vul'nus]. Any solution of the 
continuity of an internal or external surface 
caused by violence; a traumatism, aseptic w., 
one which is not infected with pathogenic germs, 
contused w., one made by a blunt instrument, 
dissection w., a septic wound acquired in dis- 
secting. gunshot w., a wound produced by a 
projectile from a gun. incised w., one caused 
by a cutting instrument, lacerated w., one in 
which the tissues are torn, open w., one that 
has a free outward opening, penetrating w., 
one that lays open an important cavity of the 
body, poisoned w., one into which septic 
matter has been introduced, punctured w., 
one made by a pointed instrument, septic W., 
one that is infected with pathogenic germs, seton 
W., a perforating wound, the entrance and exit of 
which are on the same side of the part, subcu- 
taneous W., one in which there is only a very 
small opening in the skin. 
woundwort (woond'wert). The hedge-nettle; a 
European labiate plant, Sta'chys arven'sis, sparingly 
naturalized in the United States. 
W. P. Abbreviation for working -point. 
W. r. Abbreviation for W assermann reaction. 
wreath, daughter- (reth). The daughter-star as 
viewed from its surface. 
Wreden's sign (wra'denz) [Robert Robertovich 
Wreden, otologist in St. Petersburg, 1837-1893]. 
See sign. 
wrightin (ri'tin). Conessin; an astringent and 
anthelmintic alkaloid, C24H40N2, from the bark 
of W right'ia zeylan'ica. 
Wright's method, solution (ritz) [Sir Almroth 
Edward Wright, English bacteriologist, born 1861]. 
Opsonic method. See solution. 
Wright's stain (ritz) [James Homer Wright, 
pathologist in Boston, born 1869]. See under stain. 
Wrisberg's cartilage, nerve, etc. (ris'bergz) 
[Heinrich August Wrisberg, German anatomist, 
1737-1808]. See cartilage and nerves, table of, etc. 
wrist (rist). The carpus; the part that connects 
the forearm and hand. W.-clonus. See clonus. 
w.-drop, a paralysis of the extensor muscles of 
the hand and fingers. 
writers' cramp (ri'terz). See cramp. 
writing-hand (ri'ting). A peculiar position of the 
hand seen in paralysis agitans. 
wry-neck (ri-nek'). See torticollis. 
Wt. Abbreviation for weight. 
Wunderlich's curve (voon'der-liks) [Carl Rein- 
hold Wunderlich, German physician, 1815-1867]. 
See curve. 
wurari (woo-rah're). See curare and urare. 
wurras (wur'as). See waras. 
Wuster's test (wus'terz). See under tests. 
Wyeth's method, operation (y'eths) [John 
Allan Wyeth, surgeon in New York, 1845-1922]. 
See under method and operation. 
Wye thia (y-e'the-ah). A genus of plants. W. 
helenioi'des, a composite-flowered herb of Cali- 
fornia; also a homeopathic preparation of same. 
Wylie's drain, operation (y'lez) [W. Gill Wylie, 
gynecologist in New York, 1848-1923]. See under 
drain and operation. X. 
1250 
XANTHOPSYLLA CHEOPIS 
X 
X. The homeopathic symbol for the decimal scale 
of potencies; the chemical symbol for xenon; 
abbreviation for Kiemboeck's unit of x-ray dosage. 
xanol (za'nol). Sodiocaffein salicylate: used hypo- 
dermically as a cardiac tonic and diuretic. 
xanthaematin (zan-them'at-in). See xanthematin. 
xanthalin (zan'thal-in) [Gr. ^avObs yellow]. An 
alkaloid, C37H38N2O9, from opium. 
xanthamid (zan-tham'id). A white, crystalline 
substance, C2H5O.CS.NH2, derivable from xanthic 
acid. 
xanthate (zan'that). Any salt of xanthic acid. 
xanthein (zan'the-in) [Gr. ^av0bs yellow]. A 
yellow coloring-matter of plants, insoluble in 
alcohol, but soluble in water. 
xanthelasma (zan-thel-az'mah) [Gr. £av0bs yellow 
4- eXaapa plate]. Same as xanthoma. 
xanthelasmoidea (zan"thel-as-moi'de-ah) [xan- 
thelasma + Gr. elbos form]. A disease of infants 
characterized by the development of brownish 
wheals, occurring in crops, and followed by pig- 
mentation. Called also urticaria pigmentosa. 
xanthematin, xanthaematin (zan-them'at-in) 
[Gr. ^avObs yellow 4- hematin]. A yellow, bitter 
substance derivable from hematin. 
xanthic (zan'thik) [Gr. %av0bs yellow], 1. Yellow, 
2. Pertaining to xanthin. x. acid. See under acid. 
xanthin (zan'thin) [Gr. ^avObs yellow: named from 
the yellow color of its nitrate]. A white, amor- 
phous dioxypurin, C5H4N4O2, from most of the 
body tissues and fluids, urinary calculi, and 
certain plants. It is formed by the decomposition 
of nuclein by acids, and is insoluble in cold water, 
but freely soluble in dilute acid and alkaline solu- 
tions. It possesses stimulant properties to muscle 
tissue, especially that of the heart, x. bases, x. 
bodies. See purin bases, under purin. 
xanthinin (zan'thin-in). A white, crystalline sub- 
stance, C4H3N3O2, formed by heating ammonium 
thionurate. 
xanthinoxidase (zan-thin-oks'id-as). A ferment 
which oxidizes xanthin and hypoxanthin into uric 
acid. 
xanthinuria (zan-thin-u're-ah) [xanthin + Gr. 
ovpov urine]. Excess of xanthin in the urine. 
Xanthium (zan'the-um) [L.; Gr. £av0iov]. A 
genus of composite-flowered plants; clot-burs. 
X. struma'rium, of the old and new worlds, is 
styptic, and is used for the bites of insects. Dose 
of fluidextract, 30-60 min. (2-4 c.c.). X. spino'- 
sum is a composite-flowered plant of the north 
temperate zone; also a homeopathic preparation 
of the same. 
xanthochroia (zan-tho-kroi'ah) [Gr. ^avOos yellow 
+ xpoia skin]. Yellowish discoloration caused 
by changes in the pigmentary layer of the skin. 
xanthochromia (zan"tho-kro'me-ah) [Gr. £avObs 
yellow + %pwpa color]. Any yellowish discolora- 
tion, as of the skin or of the spinal fluid. 
xanthochrobus (zan-thok'ro-us) [Gr. £av0bxpoos]. 
Having a yellowish complexion. 
Xanthochymus picto'riu? (zan-thok'him-us). 
An East Indian plant called thaikal: it affords a 
purgative extract resembling gamboge. 
xanthocreatin (zan-tho-kre'at-in). Xanthocrea- 
tinin. 
xanthocreatinin (zan"tho-kre-at'in-in) [Gr. ^av0bs 
yellow + creatinin]. A poisonous leukomain, 
C5Ht0N4O, occurring in muscle tissue. It re- 
sembles creatinin, and appears in the form of 
■yellow crystals. Its physiologic action is to pro- 
duce depression, fatigue, diarrhea, and vomiting. 
xanthocyanopsia, xanthocyanopsy (zan"tho- 
si-an-op'se-ah, zan"tho-si-an'op-se) [Gr. %av0bs yel- 
low + Kvavos blue + opts vision], Ability to dis- 
cern yellow and blue tints, but not red or green. 
xanthocystin (zan-tho-sis'tin) [Gr. ^avOos yellow 
+ Kuans bladder]. A substance found in tubercles 
from a dead body. 
xanthoderma, xanthodermia (zan-tho-de/mah, 
zan-tho-der'me-ah) [Gr. £av0bs yellow + Seppa 
skin], A yellow coloration of the skin. 
xanthodontous (zan-tho-don'tus) [Gr. ^avOos yel- 
low + boobs tooth]. Having yellowish teeth. 
xanthogen (zan'tho-jen) [Gr. £av0bs yellow + 
yevvav to produce]. A coloring-matter of vege- 
tables, producing a yellow color with alkalis. 
xanthogenic acid (zan-tho-jen'ik). Same as xan- 
thic acid. 
xanthoglobulin (zan-tho-glob'u-lin) [Gr. £av06s 
yellow 4- globulin]. A yellow pigment from the 
liver and pancreas. 
xanthokreatinin. See xanthocreatinin. 
xanthokyanopy (zan"tho-ki-an'o-pe). Same as 
xanthocy anopsia. 
xanthoma (zan-tho'mah) [Gr. ^avObs yellow 4- -upa 
tumor]. A disease attended with the formation 
of yellow, neoplastic growths upon the skin, espe- 
cially that of the eyelids, without constitutional 
symptoms. The growths consist of flat patches 
or nodules, which are slightly raised above the 
surface, and vary in size from that of a pin's head 
to that of a bean. x. diabetico'rum, a skin 
disease associated with diabetes mellitus, and 
marked by the formation of reddish, solid patches, 
larger than those of xanthoma. The patches 
sometimes have a yellow spot at the top. X. 
mul'tiplex, that which is distributed over the 
whole body, including the serous and mucous 
membranes, x. palpebra'rum, xanthoma that 
affects the eyelids, x. pla'num, a disease at- 
tended with the formation of smooth, neoplastic 
plates in the skin. x. tubero'sum, a disease 
attended with the formation of neoplastic nodules 
upon the skin, chiefly of the palms, soles, and 
extensor surfaces of the extremities. 
xanthomatosis (zan-tho-mat-o'sis). The xan- 
thomatous diathesis; also a form of fatty degenera- 
tion, like that seen in xanthoma, which contains 
cholesterol esters. 
xanthone (zan'thon). Same as brometone. 
xanthophose (zan'tho-foz) [Gr. ^avObs yellow 4- 
<pws light]. Any yellow or yellowish phose. 
xanthophyll (zan'tho-fil) [Gr. ^o.v0bs yellow 4- 
tpvXXov leaf]. The yellow coloring-matter of 
plants which is developed in the leaves in autumn. 
xanthopia (zan-tho'pe-ah). Same as xanthopsia. 
xanthopicrite (zan-tho-pik'rit). An acrid, bitter, 
crystallizable resin from various species of Xan- 
thox'ylum. 
xanthoplasty (zan'tho-plas-te) [Gr. ^avObs yellow 
+ irXacrcretv to form]. Same as xanthoderma. 
xanthoproteic (zan"tho-pro-te'ik). Pertaining to 
xanthoprotein. x. reaction or test. See Mul- 
der's test, under tests. 
xanthoprotein (zan-tho-pro'te-in) [Gr. ^av0bs yel- 
low + protein]. An orange pigment produced 
by heating proteins with nitric acid. 
xanthopsia (zan-thop'se-ah) [Gr. £av0bs yellow 4- 
mpts vision]. A condition in which objects looked 
at appear yellow. 
xanthopsin (zan-thop'sin) [Gr. £av0bs yellow + 
bxpis vision]. Visual purple partially discolored 
or bleached by light; visual yellow. 
xanthopsis (zan-thop'sis) [Gr. £avObs yellow 4- mpis 
appearance]. A yellow pigment or pigmentation 
in cancers. 
xanthopsydracia (zan"thop-sid-ra'she-ah) [Gr. 
£av0bs yellow + ipvbpa^ pustule]. The occurrence 
on the skin of small yellow pustules, 
Xanthopsyl'la che'opis. The common rat flea of 
the tropics and widely distributed. It transmits 
bubonic plague. XANTHOPUCCIN 
1251 
XIMENIA 
xanthopuccin (zan-tho-puk'sin) [Gr. ^avObs yellow 
4- puccoon, Algonquin name for plants usedas pig- 
ments]. An alkaloid from Hydras'tis canaden'sis. 
Xanthorrhiza apiifolia (zan-thor-i'zah a-pe-if-o'- 
le-ah) [Gr. %av6bs yellow + pl^a root]. A North 
American shrub, called yellowroot: the root and 
wood are bitter and tonic. 
Xanthorrhoea (zan-tho-re'ah). See acaroid resin, 
under resin. 
xanthosarcoma (zan"tho-sar-ko'mah). A sarcoma 
containing xanthoma cells. 
xanthosis (zan-tho'sis) [Gr. ^avdbs yellow]. A 
yellowish discoloration; degeneration with yellow- 
ish pigmentation, x. diabet'ica, a yellowish 
appearance of the skin of diabetics attributed to 
an excess of lipochromes in the blood, x. of the 
septum nasi, yellow pigmentation of the mucous 
membrane of the nose, due to degeneration of the 
blood after hemorrhage. 
xanthous (zan'thus) [Gr. ^avObs yellow]. Yellow 
or yellowish. 
xanthoxylene (zan-thoks'il-en). A clear, volatile 
oil, C10H16, from Xanthox'ylum ala'turn, of southern 
Asia. . 
xanthoxylin (zan-thoks'il-in). 1. A crystallizable 
principle, C10H12O4, from Xanthox'ylum pipe/iturn, 
or Japanese pepper. 2. A concentration prepared 
from the bark of Xanthox'ylum fraxin'eum. Dose, 
1-2 gr. (0.066-0.133 gm.). 
Xanthoxylum (zan-thoks'il-um) [Gr. ^avObs yellow 
+ £v\ov wood]. Prickly ash; a genus of rutaceous 
trees and shrubs, with a medicinal bark. The bark 
of Xanthoadylum america'num, or of X. clava- 
he/culis, or prickly ash, contains xanthoxylin, and 
has stimulant, sialogogue, and antirheumatic 
properties. It is used as an emmenagogue and 
carminative. Dose of extract, 3-10 gr. (o. 2-0.6 
gm.); of fluidextract, 10-40 min. (0.6-2.5 c.c.). 
xanthuria (zan-thu're-ah) [Gr. ^avObs yellow + 
ovpov urine]. Excess of xanthin in the urine. 
xanthylic (zan-thil'ik). Pertaining to xanthin. X. 
acid, one of the nucleic acids. 
xaxa (zazks'ah). A trade name for pure acetyl- 
salicylic acid. 
xaxaquin (zazks'ak-win). Quinin acetylsalicylate, 
said to unite the action of quinin and salicylic 
acid: used in influenza, neuralgia, etc. 
x-chromosome. See under chromosome. 
x-disease. Mackenzie's name for a series of 
morbid symptoms of unknown origin, consisting of 
a feeling of general ill health, with sensitiveness to 
cold, dyspepsia, intestinal disorder, and disturbance 
of respiration and heart action. 
xenembole (zen-em'bo-le) [Gr. ^evos foreign + 
ep^oXq hurling]. The introduction of foreign 
substances into the system. 
xenenthesis (zen-en-the'sis) [Gr. ^evos foreign, 
strange + evOeaas putting on]. Same as xenembole. 
xenodochia (zen-o-do'ke-ah) [Gr. ^evos stranger]. 
Medieval hospitals for poor and infirm pilgrims. 
xenogenesis (zen-o-jen'es-is) [Gr. ^evos strange + 
genesis], 1. Alternation of generation; hetero- 
genesis. 2. The production of offspring unlike 
either parent. 
xenogenous (zen-oj'en-us) [Gr. ^evos strange + yev- 
vav to produce]. 1. Caused by a foreign body, or 
originating outside the organism. 2. Formed or 
developed in the host: a term applied to toxins 
formed by the action of stimuli on the cells of the 
host. 
xenomenia (zen-o-me'ne-ah) [Gr. ^evos strange + 
pqvcaia menses]. Vicarious menstruation. 
xenon (zen'on) [Gr. ^evos strange] An inert gaseous 
element found in the atmosphere; atomic weight, 
130.2; symbol, Xe. 
xenoparasite (zen-o-par'as-it) [Gr. ^evos host + 
parasite], A parasite of external origin; especially, 
one which develops pathogenicity on account of 
weakened resistance on the part of the host. 
xenophobia (zen-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. ^ivos stranger + 
<po^os fear]. Dread of strangers. 
xenophonia (zen-o-fo'ne-ah) [Gr. ^evos strange 
+ <puvq voice]. Alteration of the accent and 
intonation of a person's speech. 
xenophthalmia (zen-of-thal'me-ah) [Gr. &vos 
strange _+ bipOaXpia ophthalmia]. Traumatic 
conjunctivitis. 
xeransis (ze-ran'sis) [Gr. ^p6s dry]. Drying up; 
loss of moisture. 
xerantic (ze-ran'tik). Causing dryness; siccative, 
xeraphium (ze-raf'e-um). A drying powder. 
xerase (ze'ras). A preparation of dry yeast with 
sugar and nutritive salts: used in septic conditions 
of the female genital tract. 
xerasia (ze-ra'se-ah) [Gr. ^-qpbs dry], A disease 
of the hair in which it becomes dry and dusty. 
xerium (ze're-um) [Gr. %-qpi.ov]. A desiccative 
powder. 
xerocollyrium (ze"ro-kol-ir'e-um) [Gr. ^p6s dry 
+ KoWovpiov collyrium], A dry collyrium; an 
eye-salve. 
xeroderma (ze-ro-der'mah) [Gr. ^pos dry J- Seppa 
skin], A disease marked by roughness and dry- 
ness of the skin; especially a disease resembling 
ichthyosis, and marked by a dry, rough, discolored 
state of the skin, with the formation of a scaly 
desquamation, x. of Kaposi, a diffuse idiopathic 
atrophy of the skin. x. pigmento'sum, a rare 
and equally fatal disease marked by brown spots 
and ulcers of the skin, with muscular and cutaneous 
atrophy and telangiectasis. It is also known as 
atrophoderma pigmentosum, Kaposi's disease, and 
melanosis lenticularis progressiva. 
xerodermatic (ze"ro-der-mat'ik). Pertaining to 
or of the nature of xeroderma. 
xerodermia (ze-ro-der'me-ah) [Gr. ^pos dry + 
Seppa skin]. Same as asteatosis. 
xeroform (ze'ro-form). A yellow, neutral powder 
derived from tribromphenol and bismuth, (C6H2- 
Br3O)2BiOH + Bi2O3: useful in the treatment of 
wounds, abscesses, etc., and as an intestinal anti- 
septic. Dose, 5-8 gr. (0.333-0.518 gm.). 
xeroma (ze-ro'mah) [Gr. ^rjpbs dry]. An abnor- 
mally dry condition of the conjunctiva; xeroph- 
thalmia. 
xeromenia (ze-ro-me'ne-ah) [Gr. ^pos dry 
pqucaia menses]. A condition in which the bodily 
symptoms of menstruation occur without any flow. 
xeromycteria (ze-ro-mik-te're-ah) [Gr. ^ypos dry 
+ poKT-qp nose]. Dryness of the nasal mucous 
membrane. 
xerophagia (ze-ro-fa'je-ah) [Gr. &jpbs dry + ^ayeip 
to eat]. The eating of dry food. 
xerophagy (ze-rof'ag-e). Xerophagia. 
xerophthalmia, xerophthalmus (ze-rof-thal'- 
me-ah, ze-rof-thal'mus) [Gr. ^qpbs dry + btpOaXpia 
ophthalmia]. Conjunctivitis with atrophy and 
no liquid discharge, producing an abnormally 
dry and lusterless condition of the eyeball. 
xerosis (ze-ro'sis) [Gr. ^pwais]. Abnormal dry- 
ness, as of the eye or skin. x. parenchyma- 
to'sus, xerophthalmia due to trachoma. X. 
superficia'lis, xerophthalmia due to exposure 
of the eyeball to the air. 
xerostomia (ze-ro-sto'mq-ah) [Gr. ^qpbs dry + 
aropa mouth]. Dryness of the mouth from lack 
of the normal secretion. 
xerotic (ze-rot'ik). Characterized by xerosis or 
dryness. 
xerotocia (ze-ro-to'se-ah) [Gr. frqpbs dry + tokos 
labor]. Dry labor. 
xerotripsis (ze-ro-trip'sis) [Gr. ^qpbs dry + rpt^is 
friction]. Dry friction. 
Ximenia (zi-me'ne-ah). A genus of African ola- 
eineous trees: the drupes of some species are 
edible and aromatic. x-ing. Same as radiography. 
xinol (zi'nol). See zinol. 
xiphin (zif'in). A protamin from the sperm of the 
sword fish, Xiphias gladius. 
xiphisternal (zif-is-ter'nal). Pertaining to the 
xiphisternum. . 
xiphisternum (zif-is-ter'num) [Gr. %l<pos sword + 
ar'epvov sternum]. The xiphoid cartilage. 
xiphocostal (zif"o-kos'tal) [Gr. %i<pos sword + L. 
cos'ta rib]. Pertaining to the xiphoid cartilage 
and the ribs. 
xiphodidymus (zif-o-did'im-us). Xiphodymus. 
xiphodymus (zi-fod'im-us) [Gr. ^tipos sword + 
bibopos twin]. Same as xiphopagus. 
xiphodynia (zif-o-din'e-ah) [Gr. %t<pos sword + 
bbvwq pain]. Pain in the xiphoid cartilage. 
xiphoid (zi'foid) [Gr. %t<pos sword + elbos form]. 
Shaped like a sword, x. cartilage or process. 
See under process, x. ligament, the costoxiphoid 
ligament. 
xiphoiditis (zi-foi-di'tis). Inflammation of the 
xiphoid process. 
xiphopagotomy (zi-fop-ag-ot'o-me) [xiphopagus 
+ Gr. to pi) a cut]. Surgical separation of the two 
individuals of a xiphopagus. 
xiphopagus (zi-fop'ag-us) [Gr. %L<pos sword + irayos 
fixed]. A double monster joined at the thorax 
and pelvis. 
xograph (eks'o-graf). Same as radiograph. 
x-rays (eks'raz). See Roentgen rays, under ray. 
xylan (zi'lan). One of the hemicelluloses. 
xylene (zi-len') [Gr. £vXov wood], 1. Same as 
xylol. 2. A group of hydrocarbons of the benzene 
series. 
xylenin (zi-le'nin). A poison like etherin, chloro- 
formin, and benzenin, extractable by xylene from 
tubercle bacilli. Called also xylenobacillin. 
xylenobacillin (zi-le"no-bas-il'in). See xylenin. 
xylenol (zi'len-ol). Anyone of a series of colorless, 
crystalline substances, (CH3)2C6H3OH, resembling 
phenol, x. salicylate, a white powder, OH.- 
CelL.CO.O.CeHafCHsh: used as an antirheumatic 
in doses of 2-6 gr. (0.12-0.36 gm.). 
xylenol-salol (zil"en-ol-sa'lol). Either one of three 
isomeric compounds (ortho-, meta-, and para- 
xylenol-salol): intestinal antiseptics. 
xylidin (zil'id-in). A compound, (CH3)2C6H3.NH2, 
derived from dimethylanilin: used as a dye. 
xylobalsamum (zi-lo-bal'sam-um) [Gr. fvXodaX- 
aapov]. The wood of the oriental balsam tree. 
X-ING 
1252 
YB. 
Xylocarpus (zilo-ka/pus). A genus of Asiatic 
meliaceous trees: said to afford stomachic remedies. 
xylocassia (zi-lo-kash'e-ah) [Gr. ^vXoKaaala]. The 
wood of the cassia tree. 
xylochloral (zi-lo-klo'ral). A hypnotic derivative 
of xylose and chloral. Dose, 3-8 gr. (0.2-0.5 gm.). 
xylocinnamomum (zi"lo-sin-am-o'mum). The 
wood of the cinnamon tree. 
xylogen (zi'lo-jen). Lignin. 
xyloidin (zi-loid'in) [Gr. %v\ov wood + ethos form]. 
A white, explosive substance, CeH^NChjOs, pre- 
pared from starch by the action of nitric acid. 
xylol (zi'lol) [Gr. ^bXov wood]. Dimethylbenzene; 
an antiseptic hydrocarbon, CeH^CHsX from 
methyl alcohol or coal-tar: used as a mouth-wash, 
and in microscopy as a solvent and clarifier. It is 
also used in syphilis. Dose, 15-20 min. (1-1.33 
c.c.). x. balsam, Canada balsam dissolved in 
xylol. See stains, table of. 
xyloma (zi-lo'mah) [Gr. %vXov wood + -wga tumor]. 
A woody tumor on a tree or plant. 
xylonite (zi'lo-nit) [Gr. %vXov wood], A substance 
which resembles celluloid manufactured from 
pyroxylin. 
xylose (zi'los) [Gr. %vXov wood]. A sugar, or pentose, 
CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO, obtained from beech-wood, 
jute, etc., and sometimes found in the urine. 
xylostein (zi-los'te-in). A poisonous glucosid 
from the berry of Lonice'ra xylos'teum, a species 
of honeysuckle: purgative and emetic. 
xylostyptic ether (zi-lo-stip'tik). Same as coilo- 
dium stypticum. 
xylotherapy (zi-lo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. ^vXov wood -|- 
Oepaireia treatment]. Medical treatment by the 
application of certain woods to the body. 
xylyl bromid. See benzyl bromid. 
xylyl chlorid. See benzyl chlorid. 
xylylene-diamin (zi"lil-en-di-am'in). One of a 
group of compounds, C6H2(CH3)2(NH2)2: used in 
making dye-colors. 
xyol (zi'ol). A proprietary soft soap containing 
formaldehyd. 
xyphoid (zi'foid). See xiphoid. 
xyrospasm (zi'ro-spazm) [Gr. £vpov razor + spasm]. 
Shaving cramp. 
xysma (zis'mah) [Gr. %vapa]. A material, like bits 
of membrane, seen in the stools of diarrhea. 
xyster (zis'ter) [Gr. £v<rrr)p]. A surgeon's file or 
raspatory. 
xystos, xystus (zis'tos, zis'tus) [Gr. ^varos scraped]. 
Scraped lint. 
infections, y.-casein, a mixture of yatren and 
casein: used for protein therapy. 
yava-skin (yah'vah-skin). A kind of elephantiasis 
caused by the habitual use of kava. 
yaw (yaw). A frambesial sore, guinea-corn y., 
frambesia in which the lesions resemble a grain 
of maize, mother-y., the largest and most per- 
sistent of a crop of frambesial sores, ring-worm 
' y., frambesia in which the lesions are circular. 
yawey (yaw'e). Affected with yaws. 
yawn (yawn). A deep, involuntary respiration 
made with the open mouth. 
yawning (yawn'ing). Pandiculation; a deep, in- 
voluntary inspiration with the open mouth, often 
accompanied by the act of stretching one's self. 
yaws (yaws). Same as frambesia. bush, y., for- 
est y., a form of oriental sore in which the 
lesions consist of crust-capped nodules resembling 
yaws: caused by Leishmania braziliensis. 
Yb. The symbol for ytterbium. 
Y, Yt. Symbols for yttrium. 
yabin (ya'bin). An amorphous alkaloid from yaba, 
the bark of Andi'ra excel'sa. 
Yahourth (yah-oort). Yaourt. 
yam, wild (yam). See Dioscorea. 
Y-angle. The angle between the radius fixus and 
a line joining the lambda and the inion. 
yaourt (yah-oort') [Turk.]. Same as matzoon. 
yard (yard). 1. A measure of three feet. See 
weights and measures, table of. 2. The penis, 
y.-sitting, sitting with the arms stretched out 
horizontally from the sides, a position assumed 
in receiving massage. 
yarns of Holmgren (yarnz). Skeins of light- 
green, purple, and red yarn, used in testing the 
color-sense. See test, Holmgren's. 
yarrow (yar'o). See Achillea. 
yatren (e-at'ren). lodo-oxy-quinolin sulphonic 
acid; a quinin derivative used in treating wound Y-BACILLUS 
1253 
YZQUIERDO'S BACILLUS 
Y-bacillus. See bacillus. 
Y-cartilage. See cartilage. 
yeast (yest). A ferment consisting of various spe- 
cies of Saccharom'yces: antiseptic and useful in 
poultices, beer-y., brewers' y., yeast produced 
by the Saccharom'yces cerevis'ia, and obtained 
in the brewing of beer. It is used as an antiseptic 
and stimulant in typhoid fever, as a preventive 
of boils, and as an application to ulcers. 
yeki (ya'ke). The Japanese name for bubonic 
plague. 
yelk (yelk). See yolk. 
yellow (yel'o). One of the primary colors, ani- 
lin y., a compound used in the formation of 
stains. chrome y., lead chromate, PbCrO4: 
used in stains and paints, y. fever. See under 
fever. Manchester or Martin's y., naph- 
thalene yellow; a poisonous, yellow, coal-tar dye. 
Philadelphia y. Same as phosphin (2d def.), 
visual y., visual purple that has been bleached 
by light; xanthopsin. 
yellow cross. See dichlorodiethyl suljid. 
Yemen ulcer (yem'en). Same as Cochin-china 
ulcer. See under ulcer. 
yenomal (yen'o-mal). A proprietary remedy: 
said to be a coal-tar derivative. 
Yeo's treatment (ye'oz) [Isaac Burney Yeo, Lon- 
don physician, 1835-1914]. See treatment. 
yerba (yeFbah). Spanish for herb. y. buena 
(bwa'nah) [Sp. " good herb "], an aromatic labiate 
plant of California, Microme'ria douglas'ii: car- 
minative, anthelmintic, and anticatarrhal. Dose 
of fluidextract, 5-2 fl.dr. (2-8 c.c.). y. de la 
golondrina (da lah go-lon-dre'nah) [Sp.], a name 
given in Mexico, etc., to various plants of the genus 
Euphor'bia: locally used as a remedy for snake- 
bite. y. de mate (da mah-ta). Same as mate, or 
Ilex paraguayensis. y. mansa (man'sah). See 
mansa. y. reuma (ree-oo'mah), the plant 
Franke'nia grandifo'lia, of California, Texas, etc. 
The leaves are astringent and are used in catarrhal 
affections. Dose of fluidextract, 10-20 min. 
(0.666-1.333 c.c.). y. Santa (sahn'tah). Same 
as Eriodictyon. 
yerbazin (yeFba-zin). A syrupy aromatic prepara- 
tion of yerba santa (Eriodid tyon glutino'sum). 
yerbin (yeFbin). An alkaloid from I'lex paraguay- 
en'sis, resembling caffein. 
yerli (yeFle). A fine quality of Turkey opium. 
Yersin's serum [Alexander Yersin, French physi- 
cian, born 1862]. See under serum. 
-yl [Gr. uXt? matter or substance]. A suffix signify- 
ing a radical, particularly a univalent hydrocarbon 
radical. 
ylang-ylang (e"lahng-e'lahng). A tree of the 
Malayan Islands, Canan' ga odora'ta: its flowers 
afford a fragrant volatile oil. 
-ylene. A suffix signifying a bivalent hydrocarbon 
radical derived from a compound ending in -yl by 
removal of one hydrogen atom. 
Y-ligament. The iliofemoral ligament. See lig- 
ament. 
yochubio (yo-tshu'be-o). See tsutsugamushi dis- 
ease, under disease. 
yoghurt (yog'hert). Bulgarian curdled milk: said 
to expel harmful intestinal bacteria. 
yohimbenin (yo-him'ben-in). An alkaloid, 
C35H45O8N3, from yohimbe bark and leaves. 
yohimbin (yo-him'bin). An alkaloid, (C21H28N2- 
O3)2H2O, from a tree of West Africa called yohim- 
behoa (Spiegel). The hydrochlorate is said to be 
useful in functional impotence. Dose, gr- 
(0.005-0.007 gm.) in water. 
Yokagawa (yo-kah-gah'wah). Same as Meta- 
gonimus. 
yolk (ybk) [L. vitel'lus]. 1. The nutrient part 
of the ovum; also the yellow portion of the egg 
of a bird. 2. Crude wool-fat or suint. acces- 
sory y., the nutritive yolk; the portion of the 
yolk that serves for the nutrition of the formative 
portion, y.-cells, y.-granules, the morpho- 
logic elements composing the yolk. y.-cleav- 
age, segmentation of the vitellus. y.-food, the 
nutritive part of the yolk of an ovum; deutero- 
plasm. formative y., that part of the ovum 
whence the embryo is developed, y.-sac. Same 
as umbilical vesicle. See vesicle, y.-skin, the 
vitelline membrane (q. v.). y.-space, the space 
formed in the ovum by the shrinking of the vitellus 
from the zona pellucida. y.-stalk. Same as 
umbilical duct. See duct. 
Young-Helmholtz theory (yung-helm'holts) 
[Thomas Young, English physician, 1773-1829; 
H. L. F. Helmholtz, German physician, 1821- 
1894]. See theory. 
Young's operation (yungz) [Hugh H. Young, 
Baltimore surgeon]. See under operation. 
Young's rule (yungz) [Thomas Young, English 
physician, 1773-1829]. A rule for determining the 
proportion of an adult dose to give to a young 
child, consisting in adding 12 to the age and dividing 
by the age, which will give the denominator of a 
fraction whose numerator is 1. Thus, for a child 
3 ~F 12 
three years old, = 5, so that the dose for 
the child is one-fifth of the adult dose. 
yperite (i'per-it). See dichlorodiethyl suljid. 
ypsiliform (ip-sil'if-orm) [Gr. bfcXbv the letter u 
or y.] Y-shaped. 
y. S. Abbreviation for yellow spot of the retina. 
ysyn (is'in). A proprietary food containing no iron 
and rich in milk-albumen. 
ytterbium (it-ePbe-um) [from Ytterby, in Sweden]. 
A very rare metal; symbol, Yb; atomic weight, 
173-5- 
yttrium (it're-um) [from Ytterby, in Sweden], A 
very rare metal, allied to cerium; symbol, Yt; 
atomic weight, 89.33. 
Yucca (yuk'ah). 1. A genus of liliaceous plants. 
The wood of some species is used for surgeons' 
splints. 2. A homeopathic preparation from the 
roots and leaves of Y. filamento'sa, a diuretic 
species. 
Yvon'S test (e'vonz) [Paul Yvon, French physician, 
1848-1913]. See under tests. 
Yzquierdo's bacillus (iz-ke-eFdoz) [Vicente 
Yzquierdo, histologist in Santiago, Chili]. See 
under bacillus. z. 
1254 
ZIMPHEN 
z 
Z. Abbreviation for Ger. Zuckung, contraction. 
zacatilla (zak"ah-tel'yah) [Sp.]. The choicest 
quality of cochineal. 
zachun (zah-koon') [Arab.]. A fatty oil afforded 
by the shrub Balani'tes agyptia' ca. The edible 
drupes in their unripe state are purgative. 
Zagla's ligament (zah'glahz). See under liga- 
ment. 
Zahn's lines or ribs (zahnz). See lines of Zahn. 
Zambesi fever (zam-be'ze). See under fever. 
Zambesi ulcer (zam-be'ze). See under ulcer. 
zanaloin (zan-al'o-in). The aloin of Zanzibar 
aloes: said to be identical with socaloin. 
Zander apparatus (zan'der) [Jonas Gustav Wil- 
helm Zander, Swedish physician, 1835-1920]. See 
apparatus. 
Zang's space (zangs) [Christoph Bonifacius Zang, 
German surgeon, 1772-1835]. See under space. 
zanol (za'nol). Sodiocaffein salicylate, used as a 
heart tonic and diuretic. 
zanthin (zan'thin).-See xanthin. 
zapon lac (za-pon'). A varnish of pyroxylin dis- 
solved in amyl alcohol and amyl acetate. 
Zappert's chamber (tsahp'erts) [Julius Zappert, 
physician in Vienna, born 1867]. A chamber for 
counting blood-corpuscles with the microscope. 
zaranthan (zar-an'than) [Heb.]. A hardening of 
the breast. 
Zaufal's sign (tsow'fahlz) [Emanuel Zaufal, 
Prague rhinologist, 1837-1910]. Saddle-nose. 
Zea (ze'ah) [L.]. A genus of annual grasses, in- 
cluding the maize or Indian corn. The stigmas 
and styles of Ze'a ma'ys, the maize plant or corn- 
silk, are diuretic, and have been used in cystitis, 
dropsy, and gonorrhea. Dose of fluidextract, 
1-2 fl.dr. (4-8 c.c.). 
zean (ze'an). An active diuretic used in disease 
of the mucous membranes. It is a fluidextract 
of maize silk. 
zearin (ze'ar-in). A colorless substance, C52Hg8O4, 
from various lichens. 
zebromal (ze-bro'mal). A white, crystalline pow- 
der, dibrom cinnamic acid ethyl ester, CeHs.- 
CHBr.CHBr.CO.O.C2Ho: use and dose like that 
of sodium bromid. 
zedoary (zed'o-a-re) [L. zedoa'ria], The rhizome 
of Curcu'ma zedoa'ria, a plant of India, which 
resembles ginger. Dose, 8-30 gr. (0.5-2 gm.). 
Zeeman effect (tse'man). See under effect. 
zein (ze'in). A soft, yellowish protein obtainable 
from maize. 
zeinolysis (ze-in-ol'is-is). The splitting up of zein 
by ferments in the blood. 
zeinolytic (ze"in-o-lit'ik) [zein fl- Gr. XvaLs solu- 
tion], Splitting up zein. 
Zeisel's test (zis'lz). See under tests. 
zeism, zeismus (ze'izm, ze-is'mus) [L. ze'a maize], 
A skin disease said to be due to the too free use 
of maize as an article of food. 
Zeissel's layer (tsi'selz). See under layer. 
zeissian (zls'e-an). Named for or described by 
Zeiss. See gland, stye, etc. 
zeist (ze'ist). One who believes that pellagra is 
caused by eating poisonous maize. 
zeistic (ze-is'tik). Pertaining to maize. See zeistic 
theory, under theory. 
Zeller's test (zel'erz). See under tests. 
zelotypia (ze-lo-tip'e-ah) [Gr. f^Xos zeal + TVTTTetV 
to strike]. Morbid or insane zeal; also insane 
jealousy. 
zematol (zem'at-ol). A proprietary ointment of 
ichthyol, zinc oxid, and oil of betula. 
zematone (zem'at-6n). A powder for asthma con- 
taining various sedative agents. 
Zenker's degeneration, paralysis, solution, 
etc. (zenk'erz) [Friedrich Albert Zenker, German 
pathologist, 1825-1898]. See degeneration, paral- 
ysis, solution, etc. 
zenkerism (zen'ker-izm). Zenker's degeneration 
of muscular tissue. See under degeneration. 
zenkerize (zen'ker-Iz). To fix in Zenker's solution, 
zenoleum (ze-no'le-um). A proprietary disinfect- 
ant preparation. 
zeodoti (ze-od'o-te). A drug formerly used against 
flatulence. 
zeolite (ze'o-lit). A hydrated double silicate; 
probably the active constituent in permutite. 
zeoscope (ze'o-skop) [Gr. to boil + a-Koirelv to 
view]. An apparatus for determining the alcoholic 
strength of a liquid by means of its boiling-point. 
zero (ze'ro) [Itai. " naught "]. The point on a 
thermometer-scale at which the graduation begins. 
The zero of the Centigrade and Reaumur ther- 
mometers is the melting-point of ice. That of the 
Fahrenheit scale is 32 degrees below the melting- 
point of ice. absolute z., the supposed lowest 
possible temperature. It is 273.7 degrees below 
the centigrade zero, limes z. See Lo dose, under 
dose, physiologic z., the temperature at which 
a thermal stimulus ceases to cause a sensation. 
zerodone (ze'ro-don). An apparatus for cooling 
the rectum by maintaining a circulation of a liquid 
at a low temperature. 
zerumbet (ze-rum'bet) [East Indian]. A spice or 
drug, the dried rhizome of Zin'giber zerum'bet: 
now little used. 
zest (zest). The oil in the rind of the orange or 
lemon. 
zestocausis (zes-to-kaw'sis) [Gr. ^earbs boiling hot 
+ Kavacs burning]. The therapeutic application 
of a tube containing superheated steam. 
zestocautery (zes-to-kaw'ter-e). A tube or appli- 
ance for use in making a zestocausis. 
zibeth (zi'beth); A species of civet, VivePra 
zibeth'a, of southern Asia: it affords civet. 
ziega (ze-a'gah). A kind of curd made by treating 
milk with rennet and afterward with acetic acid. 
Ziegler's operation (zeg'lerz) [S. Louis Ziegler, 
ophthalmologist in Philadelphia, born 1861]. See 
under operation. 
Ziehen's test (tse'hen) [Theodor Ziehen, German 
neurologist, born 1862]. See under tests. 
Ziehen-Oppenheim disease (tse'hen-op'en-hlm) 
[Theodor Ziehen, German neurologist, born 1862; 
H. Oppenheim, German neurologist, born 1858]. 
Dystonia musculorum deformans. 
Ziehl's solution (tsels) [Franz Ziehl, German bac- 
teriologist, born 1857]. See stains and staining. 
Ziemssen's motor points, treatment (zem'- 
sen) [Hugo von Ziemssen, physician in Munich, 
1829-1902]. See under points and treatment. 
zimb (zimb). A fly of the genus Pango'nia, found 
in Abyssinia: exceedingly annoying to man and 
animals. 
Zimmerlin's type (tsim'er-linz) [Franz Zimmerlin, 
Swiss physician of the nineteenth century]. See 
under type. 
Zimmermann's arch, corpuscle (tsim'er-manz) 
[Karl Wilhelm Zimmermann, German histologist, 
born 1861I. See arch and corpuscle. 
Zimmermann's decoction (tsim'er-manz). See 
under decoction. 
zimphen, zimphene (zim'fen, fen). Metaoxy cya- 
nocinnamate of sodium; a yellowish-white, crystal- 
line substance, recommended as an antiseptic stimu- 
lant for gastric secretion in dyspepsia and gastro-in- 
testinal atony. Dose, 5-10 gr. (0.333-0.666 gm.). ZINC 
1255 
zni2 
zinc (zink) [L. zin'cum}. A blue-white metal many 
of whose salts are medicinal and poisonous: symbol, 
Zn: atomic weight, 65.37; specific gravity, 6.9-7.2. 
Melted zinc, when poured into water, becomes 
granular in form (granulated z.), and its salts are 
poisonous, often, when absorbed by the system, 
producing a chronic poisoning resembling that 
caused by lead. z. acetate, a salt, Zn(C2H3O2)2 
+ 3H2O, used locally in ear diseases, gonorrhea, 
etc., in a solution of 0.2 to 1 per cent, strength, 
z. and mercury cyanid, an antiseptic used 
in dressing wounds. Called also z. mercuricyanid. 
z. and potassium cyanid, K2Zn(CN)4: used 
in neuralgia, gastralgia, epilepsy, and chorea. 
Dose, gr. (0.01-0.03 gm.), z. borate (z. 
pyroborate), a white powder, ZnB4C)7 + 7H2O; used 
as an antiseptic application, z. bromid (zin'ci 
bromi'dum), ZnBr2: used in epilepsy. Dose, 1-2 gr. 
(0.066-0.13 gm.)." z. calcium cyanid, a salt 
in white crystals, ZnCa(CN)4, an antiseptic for 
wounds, z. carbonate, a salt, 2ZnCO3.3Zn- 
(OH)2: used as a dusting-powder or in the form of a 
cerate. Calamine is a native zinc carbonate, and 
is used like the ordinary carbonate in the form of au 
ointment (Turner's cerate). Z. chlorid (zin'ci 
chlo'ridum), a crystalline compound, ZnCl2: used 
as an escharotic for cancer and ulcers, and in a weak 
solution as a disinfectant and astringent in vaginitis 
and throat inflammations. A 50 per cent, solution 
of zinc chlorid is used as a disinfectant and pre- 
servative under the name of Burnett's disinfecting 
jluid. z. chrysophanate, a red-brown pow- 
der: an antiseptic for external use. z. cyanid, 
a white compound, ZnCy2: used in epilepsy, 
chorea, neuralgia, gastralgia, palpitation, and pain 
in the cardiac region. Dose, ^-i gr. (0.016-0.065 
gm.), z. ferrocyanid, Zn2FeCy8 + 3H,O: used 
like zinc cyanid. Dose, 1-4 gr. (0.066-0.266 
gm.), z. gallate. See z. subgallate, z. gyno- 
cardate, a yellow powder used in skin diseases, 
z. ichthyol sulphonate, a salt, (C2SH36S3O6- 
H.)Zn2: used in skin diseases, z. iodate, a salt, 
Zn(IO3)2: used externally, z. iodid (zin'ci iod'- 
idum), Znl2, is used in chorea, scrofula, etc.: astrin- 
gent and disinfectant. Dose, J-2 gr. (0.032-0.13 
gm.), z. lactate, a salt, Zn(C3H5O3)3 + 3H2O: 
useful in epilepsy. Dose, 2-10 gr. (0.13-0.666 
gm.), z. mercuricyanid, a white, insoluble 
powder, ZnHg(CN)4: a non-irritating antiseptic, 
z. oleate (zin'ci olea'tum), a soap, (Ci7H33COO)2- 
Zn: used in skin diseases, z. oleostearate, a 
semifluid oily substance prepared from _ zinc 
stearate and benzoated albolene: used in intra- 
nasal and throat disorders. Z. oxid (zin'ci ox'- 
idum), a white, amorphous salt, ZnO, known also 
as z. white. It is given in whooping-cough, asthma, 
epilepsy, diarrhea, phthisical night-sweats, etc., 
and is used in the form of a dusting-powder or 
ointment in intertrigo, eczema, ulcers, etc. Dose, 
2-8 gr. (0.13-0.52 gm.), z. permanganate, a 
salt, Zn(MnO4)2 + 6H2O, in violet crystals. It has 
antiseptic properties and is used in urethritis in 
1 :4000 solution, z. peroxid, an antiseptic 
dusting-powder, z. phenolsulphonate. Same 
as z. sulphocarbolate, z. phosphid (zin'ci phos'- 
phidum), a substance, Zn3P2: used like phosphorus 
in neuralgia, neurasthenia, sexual weakness, 
hysteria, amenorrhea, chlorosis, etc. Dose, 
gr. (0.003-0.006 gm.), z. salicylate, a salt in 
colorless crystals, (CvHsO^Zn 4- 3H2O; an anti- 
septic: used in skin diseases, etc. z. sozoiodol- 
ate, a salt, (C6H2I2(OH)SO3)2Zn + 6H2O, occur- 
ring in colorless needles, z. stearate, a white, in- 
soluble powder, (Ci7H36COO)2Zn: used in gonor- 
rhea and in diseases of the nose z. subgallate, a 
greenish-gray powder; an antiseptic: used in- 
ternally and externally in internal and external 
disorders. Dose for night-sweats, etc., 5-4 gr. 
(0.03-0.25 gm.), z. sulphanilate. See nizin. 
Z. sulphate (zin'ci sul'phas), white vitriol, ZnSO4 
+ 7H2O, a colorless, crystalline substance with 
tonic, astringent, and emetic properties. It is 
used as an emetic in croup and in poisoning; as an 
internal astringent in diarrhea and dysentery, 
and externally as a caustic, and in a i per cent, 
solution in laryngitis, conjunctivitis, etc. Dose, 
gr. (0.016-0.032 gm.); emetic dose, 10-30 gr. 
(0.66-2 gm.). Z. sulphite, a white, crystalline 
salt, ZnSO3.2H2O: used in preparing antiseptic 
bandages, z. sulphocarbolate, a colorless, 
crystalline salt, (OH.CjFL SO3)2Zn.8H2OH2O: used 
in antiseptic washes, z. sulpho ichthyolate, 
used mainly in skin diseases. Dose, |-i gr. 
(0.033-0.066 gm), z. sulphydrate, a white, 
unstable salt, Zn(SH)2; antiseptic: used in skin 
diseases, externally and internally. Dose, 5-2 
gr. (0.03-0.13 gm.), z. valerianate (zin'ci. 
Valeria'nas), Zn(C4H9COO)2Zn + 2H2O: useful in 
neuralgia, epilepsy, hysteria, etc. Dose, 1-2 gr. 
(00.66-0.133 gm.). 
zincalism (zink'al-izm). Chronic zinc poisoning, 
zincative (zink'at-iv). Electrically negative, i. e., 
like the zinc in a Daniell cell. 
zinciferous (zink-ifer-us). Containing zinc. 
zincochinol (zin-ko-ke'nol). Zinc oxyquinolin 
sulphonate, used as a vulnerary and antiseptic 
dusting-powder. 
zincoid (zing'koid) [L. zincum + G'. elbos form]. 
The platinum (or other metallic) plate which is 
connected with a copper plate in the voltaic cir- 
cuit. It is called zincoid because it takes the place 
of the zinc in the voltaic circuit. 
z incopyrin (zing-ko-pi'rin). A double salt of zinc 
chlorid and phenyldimethylpyrazolon, (CijHi2N2- 
O)2ZnCl2: used like zinc chlorid, but is less caustic 
and less toxic. 
zinc-perhydrol (zink-per-hi'drol). A combination 
of zinc and perhydrol, used as an antiseptic and 
astringent for- wounds. 
zincporoplast (zink-po'ro-plast). A plastic prep- 
aration for applying to a wound, over which it forms 
a firm protecting covering.. 
zincum (zing'kum). Latin for zinc. 
zingiber (zin'jib-er). Latin for ginger. 
Zinn's central artery (zinz) [Johann Gottfried 
Zinn, German naturalist, 1727-1759]. See central 
artery of the retina, in arteries, table of. Z.'s 
circlet or corona. Same as circulus arteriosus 
halleri. Z's ligament. See ligament. Z's 
membrane. See membrane. Z's tendon. 
See ligament. Z's zonule. See zonule. 
zinol (zi'nol). A patented combination of 1 part 
zinc acetate and 4 parts aluminum naphthosul- 
phonate, in powder or in tablets. Its aqueous 
solution is used in gonorrhea. 
ziratol (zir'at-ol). A proprietary antiseptic and 
germicide. 
zirbus (zir'bus). An old name for the omentum. 
zirconium (zir-ko'ne-um). A rather rare metallic 
element; atomic weight, 90.6; symbol, Zr; chiefly 
obtained from a mineral called zircon, z. oxid, 
ZrO2, is used like bismuth for producing contrasts in 
x-ray work. 
Zittmann's decoction (zit'manz) [Johann Fried- 
rich Zittmann, German physician, 1671-1757]. 
The compound decoction of sarsaparilla. 
Zizia aurea (ziz'e-ah aw're-ah). An umbelliferous 
plant called golden alexanders: believed to have 
the properties of Smy/nium. 
Zizyphus vulgaris (ziz'e-fus vul-ga'ris). Same as 
jujube. Another species, Z. lo'tus, of North Africa, 
affords an agreeable fruit called nabbe and lotos. 
Zn. The symbol for zinc. 
znak (tznahk) [Russ.]. A badge worn in Russia 
by members of the medical profession. 
ZnBr2. Zinc bromid. 
Zn(C2H3O2)2. Zinc acetate. 
ZnCl2. Zinc chlorid. ... . 
ZnCy2. Zinc cyanid 
Znl2. Zinc iodid. ZNO 
1256 
ZONE 
ZnO. Zinc oxid. 
ZnSO4. Zinc sulphate. 
zoamylin (zo-am'il-in). Giycogen. 
zoanthropic (zo-an-throp'ik). Pertaining to or 
of the nature of zoanthropy. 
zoanthropy (zo-an'thro-pe) [Gr. ^ov animal + 
avOpuiros man]. The maniacal belief of a patient 
that he has become a beast. 
zoeoptroscope Izo-e-opTro-skop) [Gr. life + 
(TKOTreiv to view], A variety of chronophotograph. 
zoetic (zo-et'ik) [Gr. life]. Pertaining to life. 
zoetrope (zo'e-trop) [Gr. life + rpeireiv to 
turn]. An apparatus which affords pictures of 
objects apparently moving as in life. 
zoiatria, zoiatrics (zo-e-at're-ah, zo-e-at'riks) 
[Gr. ^ov animal + larpela healing]. Veterinary 
practice. 
zoic (zo'ik) [Gr. fwixos, from fwij life]. Pertaining 
to life or characterized by animal life. 
Zollner's lines (zel'nerz) [Friedrich Zollner, Dutch 
physicist, 1834-1882]. See under line. 
zomakyne (zo'mak-in). A proprietary analgesic, 
anodyne, and antipyretic medicine. 
zomidin (zo'mid-in) [Gr. fwjuos broth]. A con- 
stituent of meat-extract. 
zomol (zo'mol). A proprietary preparation of 
meat-plasm. 
zomotherapy (zo-mo-ther'ap-e) [Gr. fapos broth 
+ therapy]. The treatment of disease by muscle 
plasma, meat-juice, or by meat-diet. 
zona (zo'nah) [L.]. 1. A girdle or belt. 2. Herpes 
zoster. See zoster, z. arcua'ta, the tunnel 
formed by the combined arches of Corti, z, 
cartilagin'ea, the limbus of the spiral lamina, 
z. cilia'ris, the ciliary processes taken together, 
z. denticula'ta, the inner zone of basilar mem- 
brane with the zona cartilaginea. Z. dermat'ica, 
an elevation of thick skin around the tumor in 
spina bifida, z. epithioserosa, a mass of mem- 
branous tissue inside the zona dermatica. Z. 
facialis, herpes zoster of the face. z. fascic- 
ula'ta, the central part of. the cortex of a supra- 
renal capsule, z. gangliona'ris, a mass of 
ganglion tissue on the cochlear divisions of the 
auditory nerve, z. glomerulo'sa, the outermost 
of the layers of the cortex of the suprarenal capsule, 
having a net-like appearance on section, z. gran- 
ulo'sa, discus proligerus. z. ig'nea, herpes 
zoster. z. incer'ta, a mixture of gray and 
white matter between Luys' body and the dor- 
sal layer of white matter of the hypothalamus, 
z. ophthal'mica, herpes of the ophthal- 
mic nerve, z. orbicula'ris [BNA], the thick 
ring of capsular ligament around the acetabulum, 
z. pectina'ta, the outer part of the basilar 
membrane of the cochlea, running from the rods 
of Corti to the spiral ligament, z. pellu'cida, 
z. radia'ta, the innermost of the two lining mem- 
branes of the ovum. It is a thick layer traversed 
by radiating spores. Called also oolemma, z. per- 
fora'ta, the inner portion of the membrana basila- 
ris. z. reticula'ris, the inner layer of the cortex of 
a suprarenal capsule, z. rolan'dica, the postcen- 
tral and precentral convolutions. z. serpigino'sa, 
herpes zoster, z. spongio'sa, the tip of the poste- 
rior horn of gray matter of the spinal cord. Z. 
stria'ta, zona pellucida. z. tec'ta, the part of 
the basilar membrane which lodges the organ of 
Corti, z. tendino'sa, a fibrous ring at the 
auriculoventricular opening of the heart. z. 
transfer'mans, Turek's zone; the connective- 
tissue layer of the intestinal wall where bacteria 
penetrating from the intestine are destroyed, z. 
vasculo'sa, the medullary part of the basilar 
membrane which lodges the organ of Corti.- 
zonsesthesia (zon-es-the'ze-ah). See zonesthesia. 
zonal (zo'nal) [L. zona'lis]. Of the nature of a zone, 
zonary (zo'nar-e). Shaped like a zone. 
zone (zon) [L. zo'na; Gr. A girdle or belt, 
abdominal z's, the three zones into which the 
surface of the abdomen is divided by the subcostal 
and intertubercular lines. These regions are the 
subcostal, or that above the subcostal line, the 
mesogastric, or that between the subcostal and inter- 
tubercular lines, and the hypogastric, or that 
below the intertubercular line. z. of alarm, the 
upper internal portion of the supraspinous fossa, 
which represents the area of extreme projection of 
the apex of the lung where the earliest signs of tu- 
berculous infection are to be sought, anelectro- 
tonic z. See polar z. apical z., a narrow area 
along the gingivae over the apices of the roots of 
the teeth, arsenical z., a vesicular eruption 
caused by arsenic, cervical z. i. The lowest 
quarter of the internal surface of the uterus. 
2. That third of the coronal zone of the teeth 
which is nearest the necks of the teeth. Char- 
cot's z's, the hysterogenic zones, contact- 
point z., the central third of the coronal zone 
of the teeth between the occlusal zone and the 
cervical zone, cornuradicular z., the outer 
part of Burdach's column, coronal z., the en- 
tire labial and buccal surface of the teeth. It is 
divided into three equal parts, the occlusal zone, 
the contact-point zone, and the cervical zone, 
dorsal z. of His, the smaller upper thickening 
of the dorsal embryonic spinal cord projecting into 
the central canal. From it are developed the cere- 
bral hemispheres and optic thalami. epilepto- 
genic z., epileptogenous z., an area stimula- 
tion of which may bring on epileptic attacks, 
erogenous z., erotogenic z., a portion of the 
body excitation of which produces erotic fancies 
or sensations, extravisual z., that part of the 
dioptric surfaces and media which is not capable 
of accurately focusing light, gingival z., the 
zone extending along the gingivae between the 
apical and cervical zone. Head's z's, areas of 
cutaneous sensitiveness associated with diseases of 
the viscera; called also zones of hyperalgesia. Z. of 
His, the four thickenings which run the entire 
length of the medullary cord in the fetus, hyper- 
esthetic z., a region of the surface of the body 
marked by abnormal sensibility, hypogastric 
z. See under abdominal z's. hysterogenic z., 
hysterogenous z., a region of the body whereon 
pressure may elicit a hysteric attack, inhibition 
z's, dilutions at which no specific action is mani- 
fested though it may occur at lower or at higher 
dilutions of the serum. See proagglutinoid z. 
intermediate z., that portion of the field of 
vision which lies between the fifteenth and forty- 
fifth concentric circles, language z., the word- 
center of the cerebral cortex, z. of large pyra- 
mids, the deepest but one of the four zones in 
the cortex of the cerebrum, latent z., that part 
of the cortex of the brain which exhibits no 
motor symptoms, lenticular z., an area of 
the cerebrum bounded anteriorly by the white 
substance of the third frontal convolution, pos- 
teriorly by Wernicke's area, externally by the 
insula, and internally by the wall of the third 
ventricle. It comprises the external capsule, 
the lenticular and caudate nuclei, the anterior 
and posterior segments of the internal capsule, 
and the optic thalamus. Lissauer's z., mar- 
ginal z., a bridge of white substance between 
the apex of the dorsal horn and the periphery of 
the spinal cord, median root z., the oval fas- 
ciculus. See fasciculus. mesogastric z. See un- 
der abdominal z's. motor z., an area of the cor- 
tex of the brain which, when electrically stimulated, 
causes contraction of voluntary muscles, neutral 
z. of His, a thickening of the dorsal portion of the 
embryonic spinal cord projecting into the central 
canal, occlusal z., that third of the coronal 
zone of a tooth which is nearest the occlusal plane, 
pellucid z., the zona pellucida. peripolar z., 
the region around the polar zone, placental 
Z., the surface of the uterus to which the placenta 
is attached, polar z., the region immediately ZONESTHESIA 
1257 
ZOOPSYCHOLOGY 
around an electrode applied to the body. z. of 
polymorphous cells, the innermost or deepest 
of the four, zones of the cerebral cortex, pro- 
agglutinoid z., a lower dilution at which no 
agglutination occurs though higher dilutions pro- 
duce agglutination. Rolando's z., the motor 
area of the cerebral cortex, root z., that part 
of the white matter of the spinal cord which is con- 
nected with the anterior and posterior nerve- 
roots. z. of small pyramids, the layer next 
beneath the superficial zone in the cerebral cortex, 
subcostal z. See under abdominal z's. su- 
perficial Z., the outermost of the four layers 
of cortical cells of the cerebrum, transition z., 
transitional z., the circle in the equator of the 
lens of the eye in which epithelial fibers are de- 
veloped into lens-fibers, vascular z., a region 
in the supramastoid fossa containing many foram- 
ina for the passage of blood-vessels, visual z., 
the area around an optic axis in which there is 
practically no aberration. The extravisual zone 
just outside of it is practically incapable of ac- 
curately focusing light. Wernicke's z. See 
Wernicke's center, under center. Westphal's z., 
a zone of the dorsal column of the spinal cord in the 
lumbar region; said to contain the esodic fibers 
concerned in the patellar reflex, z. of Zinn. 
See zonule of Zinn. 
zonesthesia, zonsesthesia (zo-nes-the'ze-ah) [Gr. 
fcop-q zone 4- aZa^cris sensation]. A sensation of 
constriction, as by a girdle. 
zonifugal (zo-nif'u-gal) [L. zo'na zone + fu'gere 
to flee]. Passing outward from any zone or region. 
zonipetal (zo-nip'et-al) [L. zo'na zone 4* peftere to 
seek]. Passing from outside into any area or 
region. 
zonula (zon'u-lah), pl. zon'ulce [L.]. A little zone 
or zonule; especially the zonule of Zinn. Z. cilia'- 
ris [B N A], zonule of Zinn. 
zonular (zon'u-lar). Pertaining to a zonule. 
zonule (zbn'ul) [L. zon'ula], A little zone or girdle, 
z. of Zinn, the suspensory ligament of the eye- 
lens, consisting of a ring-shaped series of fibers ex- 
tending from the ciliary body to the equator of the 
lens. Called also zone of Zinn. 
zonulitis (zon-u-li'tis). Inflammation of the zonule 
of Zinn. 
zobamylon (zo-o-am'il-on) [Gr. f&ov animal + 
apvXop starch]. Animal starch; glycogen. 
zobbiology (zo"o-bi-ol'o-je) [Gr. f&op animal + 
fitos life + \byos discourse]. The biology of ani- 
mals. 
zobbiotism (zo-o-bi'ot-izm) [Gr. fopov animal + 
dlos life]. Biotics. 
zobblast (zo'o-blast) [Gr. fopop animal 4- ^Kaarbs 
germ]. An animal cell. 
zobchemic (zo-o-kem'ik). Pertaining to zoochem- 
istry. 
zoochemistry (zo-o-kem'is-tre) [Gr. f&ov animal + 
chemistry]. The chemistry of the animal tissues. 
zoocyst (zo'o-sist). A protozoan cyst. 
zobdermic (zo-o-der'mik) [Gr. fcpov animal 4- Seppa. 
skin]. Performed with the skin of an animal; said 
of skin-grafting in which the grafts are from the 
skin of an animal. Cf. dermatozod plasty. 
zobdynamic (zo"o-di-nam'ik). Pertaining to zoo- 
dynamics. 
zobdynamics (zo"o-di-nam'iks) [Gr. fcpop animal 4- 
Svpapcs power]. Animal physiology. 
zooerastia (zo"o-e-ras'te-ah) [Gr. fapop animal 4- 
epaarijs lover]. Sexual intercourse with an ani- 
mal. 
zobgenesis (zo-o-jen'es-is). Same as zodgeny. 
zoogenous (zo-oj'en-us) [Gr. fcpov animal 4- yeppap 
to produce]. Acquired from animals. 
zobgeny (zo-oj'en-e) [Gr. fQov animal 4- yeppap to 
produce]. The production or generation of 
animals. 
zoogeography (zo"o-je-og'raf-e) [Gr. fwoo animal 
+ . geography]. The study of the distribution of 
animal life on the earth. 
zodglea, zobgloea (zo-o-gle'ah) [Gr. ^ov animal 
+ yXoi.bs sticky]. A colony of certain microbes 
embedded in a jelly-like matrix. 
zoogleic, zobgloeic (zo-o-gle'ik). Pertaining to or 
characterized by the presence of zobglea. 
zobgonous (zo-og'o-nus). Producing living animals, 
zobgony (zo-oj'o-ne) [Gr. fcpop animal + yopr) off- 
spring], The production of animals. 
zobgraft Czo'o-graft) [Gr. ^ov animal + graft], 
A graft of tissue from an animal; a zobplastic graft. 
zoografting (zo'o-graft-ing). The grafting of an 
animal tissue upon the human body. 
zoography (zo-og'raf-e) [Gr. fcpov animal 4- 
ypa<peip to write]. A treatise on animals. 
zooid (zo'oid) [Gr. faiov animal + etSos form], i. 
Resembling an animal. 2. An object or form 
which resembles an animal. 3. One of the in- 
dividuals in a united colony of animals. 
zoblagnia (zo-o-lag'ne-ah) [Gr. f&ov animal 4- 
\aypeia lust]. Sexual attraction toward animals. 
zoblak (zo'o-lak). A proprietary milk-food prepara- 
tion. Same as matzoon. 
zoology (zo-ol'o-je) [Gr. animal 4- \6yos dis- 
course]. The biology of animals; the sum of what 
is known regarding animals, experimental z., 
the study of animals by means of experiments 
performed upon them. 
zobnite (zo'on-it). A cerebrospinal metamere. 
zobnomy (zo-on'o-me) [Gr. animal + p6pos 
law]. Same as zodbiology. 
zoonosis (zo-on'o-sis) [Gr. animal + pbaos dis- 
ease]. A disease produced by animal parasites. 
zobnosology (zo"o-no-sol'o-je) [Gr. fcpov animal + 
nosology]. The classification of diseases of animals. 
zoonotic (zo-on-ot'ik). Due to animal parasites: 
said of certain diseases. 
zooparasite (zo-o-par'as-it) [Gr. fwop animal + 
parasite]. Any animal parasite. 
zooparasitic (zo"o-par-as-it'ik). Pertaining to 
or produced by animal parasites. 
zoopathology (zo-o-path-ol'o-je) [Gr. Ifcpop animal 
+ pathology]. Animal pathology; the study of 
the diseases of animals. 
zobperal (zo-op'er-al). Pertaining to zobpery. 
zobpery (zo-op'er-e) [Gr. flpop animal + rreipav to 
experiment]. The performing of experiments on 
animals. 
zobphagous fzo-of'ag-us) [Gr. fa>ov animal + 
<payeiv to eat]. Subsisting upon animal food. 
zoopharmacy (zo-o-far'mas-e). Veterinary phar- 
macy. 
zoophile (zo'o-fil) [Gr. f&op animal + <f>C\etp to 
love]. An antivivisectionist. 
zobphilism (zo-of'il-izm). Fondness for animals; 
opposition to vivisection, erotic z., sexual 
pleasure experienced in the fondling of animals. 
zoophobia (zo-o-fo'be-ah) [Gr. animal + 
fear]. The insane dread of animals. 
zoophyte (zo'o-fit) [Gr. ^&ov animal 4~ <pvtov 
plant]. Any plant-like animal. 
zooplasty (zo'o-plas-te) [Gr. fcpop animal 4- vrAaa- 
aeiu to form]. The transplantation of tissue from 
an animal to man. Same as zoografting. 
zobprecipitin (zo-o-pre-sip'it-in). A precipitin 
obtained by immunizing injections of protein 
substances of animal origin. 
zoopsia (zo-op'se-ah) [Gr. animal + o^is 
vision]. A hallucination in which the patient 
thinks he sees animals. 
zoopsychology (zo-o-si-kol'o-je) [Gr. f&ov animal 
-f- psychology]. Animal psychology. See psy- 
chology. ZOOSCOPY 
1258 
ZYMASE 
ZOOSCOpy (zo-os'ko-pe) [Gr. f&ov animal + 
(rKoireiv to see]. Zoopsia. 
zodsis (zo-o'sis) [Gr. £<pov animal]. Any disease 
due to animal agents. 
zobsmosis (zo-os-mo'sis) [Gr. fwi) life + osmosis]. 
The passage of living protoplasm from the blood- 
vessels into the tissues. 
zoosperm (zo'o-sperm) [Gr. tQov animal + arreppa 
seed]. Same as spermatozoon. 
zoospore (zo'o-spor) [Gr. {tiov animal + spore]. 
See spore. 
zootechnics, zootechny (zo-o-tek'niks, zo'o-tek- 
ne) [Gr. t;Qov animal -T rex*''? art]. The art of 
breeding, keeping, and handling animals in domes- 
tication or captivity. 
zobtherapeutics, zootherapy (zo"o-ther-ap-u'- 
tiks, zo-o-ther'ap-e) [Gr. £<pov animal + Oepairela 
treatment]. Veterinary therapeutics. 
zootomist (zo-ot'o-mist). A dissector of animals, 
zootomy (zo-ot'o-me) [Gr. {Giov animal + repveiv 
to cut]. The dissection or anatomy of animals. 
zootoxin (zo-o-toks'in) [Gr. faxw animal + 
poisoning]. A toxin or poison of animal origin, 
such as the venoms of snakes, spiders, scorpions, 
and lizards, and the serum of eels and snakes. 
zootrophic (zo-o-trof'ik) [Gr. tfpov animal + 
rpo<pi] nutrition]. Pertaining to the nutrition of 
animals. 
zootrophotoxism (zo"o-trof-o-toks'izm) [Gr. 
animal + rpotp-q nutrition + rb^ov poison]. 
Poisoning with animal food. 
zobxanthin (zo-oks-an'thin). A red pigment from 
the feathers of certain birds, as Pharom'acrus 
au'riceps, a trogon. 
Zopfius (zop'fe-us). A genus of bacterial organisms. 
They are Gram-positive, motile long rods in evenly 
curved chains. They produce a proteus-like 
growth on culture-media and do not attack carbo- 
hydrates. Z. zen'keri is a putrefactive organism 
and Z. zopfii was obtained from fowls. 
zoster (zos'ter) [Gr. '^ar-qp girdle]. Shingles, or 
herpes zoster, an acute inflammatory skin disease 
marked by the development of groups of vesicles 
on a reddish base, usually along the course of a 
cutaneous nerve. It is frequently attended by 
neuralgic pains, z. auricula'ris, z. au'ris, z. 
o'ticus, herpes zoster of the ear, due to herpetic 
inflammation of the geniculate ganglion of the 
facial nerve, z. brachia'lis, herpes zoster of 
the arm and forearm, z. ophthal'micus, herpes 
along the course of the ophthalmic nerve. 
Zostera marina (zos'ter-ah mar-i'nah). Sea- 
wrack, a marine plant: has been recommended as 
an application for indolent tumors. 
zosteriform (zos-ter'if-orm). Resembling herpes 
zoster. 
zosteroid (zos'ter-oid). Resembling herpes zoster. 
Zouchlos' test (zuk'los). See under tests. 
Zr. The chemic symbol for zirconium. 
Zsigmondy's gold number method (sig-mon'- 
dez) [R. Zsigmondy], Lange's test. See under tests. 
Zuckerkandl's body, convolution, vein, etc. 
(tsook'er-kan-dlz) [Emil Zuckerkandl, anatomist in 
Vienna, 1849-1910]. See body, convolution, vein, 
etc. 
zumo-anana (zu"mo-an-ah'nah). A digestant 
tonic and stimulant prepared from the juice of 
pineapple. 
zumoid (zu'moid) [Gr. ^vp-q leaven + elbos form]. 
. Any form that may be pathogenic. 
zwetschen-wasser (tswet-shen-vos'er) [Ger. 
" plum-water "]. A cordial or liquor prepared 
in Germany from prunes. 
zwieback (zwe'bak). Pieces of bread made of 
rich dough and heated in the oven until they are 
deep yellow in color. 
Zwischenkorper (zwish'en-ker-per). Same as 
amboceptor. 
zygal (zi'gal) [Gr. £vyov yoke]. Shaped like a 
yoke. 
zygapophyseal (zi"gap-of-iz'e-al). Pertaining to 
a zygapophysis. 
zygapophysis (zi-gap-of'is-is) [Gr. £vybv yoke + 
apophysis]. The articular process of a vertebra. 
zygion (zij'e-on) [Gr. $vybv yoke]. A craniometric 
point at either end of the bregmatic diameter. 
zygocyte (zi'go-sit). See zygote. 
zygoite (zi'go-It). An organism formed by zygosis, 
zygolabialis (zi"go-la-be-a'lis). The zygomaticus 
minor muscle. 
zygoma (zi-go'mah) [Gr. fuywMa]- i. [B N A] The 
arch formed by the zygomatic process of the tem- 
poral bone and by the malar bone. 2. The malar 
bone. 
zygomatic (zi-go-mat'ik). Pertaining to the zy- 
goma. 
zygomatico-auricularis (zi"go-mat"ik-o-aw-rik- 
u-la'ris). The attrahens aurem muscle. 
zygomaticofacial (zi-go-mat"ik-o-fa'shal). Re- 
lacing to the zygoma and the face. 
zygomaticofrontal (zi-go-mat"ik-o-fron'tal). 
Pertaining to the zygoma and the frontal bones. 
zygomaticomaxillary (zi-go-mat"ik-o-maks'il-a- 
re). Pertaining to the zygoma and the maxilla. 
zygomatico-orbital (zi-go-mat"ik-o-or'bit-al). 
Pertaining to the zygoma and the orbit. 
zygomaticosphenoid (zi-go-mat"ik-o-sfe'noid)- 
Pertaining to the zygoma and the sphenoid bone- 
zygoma ticotemporal (zi-go-mat"ik-o-tem'por-al). 
Relating to the zygoma and the temporal bone. 
zygomaticus (zi-go-mat'ik-us). See muscles, 
table of. 
zygomaxillare (zi-go-maks'il-a-re) [L.]. A crani- 
ometric point at the lower end of the zygomatic 
suture. 
zygomaxillary (zi-go-maks'il-a-re). Pertaining to 
the zygoma and the maxilla. 
zygomycetes (zi"go-mi-se'tez). A group of phyco- 
mycetic fungi, including some of the molds. 
zygon (zi'gon) [Gr. £vybv]. The bar or stem con- 
necting the two branches of a zygal fissure. 
zygoneure (zi'go-nur) [Gr. ^vyou yoke + vevpov 
nerve]. A nerve-cell connected with other nerve- 
cells. 
zygoplast (zi'go-plast) [Gr. fvybv yoke + TrXaaaeiv 
to form]. A body connected with the nucleus 
and giving rise to the flagellum in certain protozoa. 
zygosis (zi-go'sis) [Gr. "a joining"]. The sexual 
union of two unicellular organisms. 
zygosperm (zi'go-sperm). Zygospore. 
zygospore (zi'go-spbr) [Gr. ^vybv yoke + spore]. 
See spore. 
zygote (zi'got). The individual resulting from the 
fusion of two gametes. Called also zygocyte. 
duplex z., one formed by the union of germ cells 
each of which has a determinant, multiplex 
z., one formed by the union of germ cells neither 
of which possesses a determinant, simple z., 
one formed by the union of germ cells one of which 
possesses a determinant. 
zygotoblast (zi-go'to-blast) [zygote + Gr. ^\aarbs 
germ]. Any germ set free from zygote. The 
zygotoblasts of various species of Anoph'eles 
(the malaria-bearing mosquito) accumulate in the 
salivary glands of the insect, and are inoculated 
by its bite. 
zygotomere (zi-go'to-mer) [zygote + Gr. pepos 
part]. Same as sporoblast. 
zylonite (zi'lon-It) [Gr. %b\ov wood]. A material 
not unlike celluloid: used to some extent in surgery 
and dentistry. 
zymad (zi'mad). The organism of a zymotic or in- 
fectious disease. 
zymase (zi'mas). An enzyme or soluble ferment, 
especially the ferment formed by a microzyme. zymasis (zi'mas-is). The excretion of the active 
substance of yeast by hydraulic pressure. 
zyme (zim) [Gr. ^ypos ferment]. A ferment; also 
a disease-producing ferment or virus that pro- 
duces zymotic diseases. 
zymeoid (zi'me-oid). A white, crystalline powder, 
a double borate salt containing 50 per cent, of 
oxygen: used in intestinal fermentation. 
zymetology (zi-met-ol'o-je). Same as zymology. 
zymic (zi'mik) [Gr. ^bpy leaven]. Pertaining to 
organized ferments. 
zymin (zi'min). 1. A pancreatic extract prepared 
for therapeutic use. 2. Same as zyme. 
zymocide (zi'mo-sld) [Gr. £bpr) leaven 4- L. ccEdere 
to kill]. A proprietary disinfectant remedy. 
zymocyte (zi'mi-sit) [Gr. leaven 4- kvtos cell]. 
An organism which causes fermentation. 
zymo excitator (zi-mo-eks'it-a-tor). Any substance 
which serves to convert zymogens into their 
enzymes. Cf. kinase. 
zymogen (zi'mo-jen) [Gr. ^bpy leaven 4- yevvav to 
create]. Any substance which may give rise to 
a ferment; a substance existing in the secreting 
glands of the digestive system, which, though not 
itself a ferment, is split up into a ferment and a 
protein. Called also proferment. lab-Z. See 
lab-zymogen. 
zymogene (zi'mo-jen). Any microbe which causes 
a termentation. 
zymogenic (zi-mo-jen'ik). 1. Causing a fermenta- 
tion. 2. Pertaining to a fermentation. 
zymogenous (zi-moj'en-us). Zymogenic. 
zymogic (zi-moj'ik). Zymogenic. 
zymo hydro lysis (zi"mo-hi-drol'is-is). Same as 
zymolysis. 
zymoid (zi'moid) [Gr. ^bpy leaven 4- elSos form], 
1. Any poison derived from a decaying tissue. 2. 
A ferment or enzyme which has lost its power of 
decomposing the substratum, but not its power of 
uniting with it. 
zymoidin (zi-moid'in). A proprietary antiseptic 
powder for external use. 
zymologic (zi-mo-loj'ik). Pertaining to zymology. 
zymologist (zi-mol'o-jist). A specialist in the 
science of zymology. 
zymology fzi-mol'o-je) [Gr. ^bprj leaven 4- X6yos 
speech]. The sum of knowledge regarding fer- 
mentation. 
zymolysis (zi-mol'is-is) [Gr. £bpr) leaven 4- Xuais 
solution]. Fermentation or digestion by means 
of an enzyme. 
zymolytic (zi-mo-lit'ik) [Gr. ^bpos leaven 4- Xba is 
loosening]. Pertaining to or caused by zymolysis. 
ZYMASIS 
1259 
zymome (zi'mom). Same as microzyme. 
zymometer (zi-mom'et-er) [Gr. £vp.os leaven 4- 
/zerpov measure]. Same as zymosimeter. 
zymonema (zi-mo-ne'mah). A form of yeast fun- 
gus. 
zymonematosis (zi"mo-nem-at-o'sis). Infestation 
with zymonema; blastomycosis. 
zymophore, zymophorous (zi'mo-for, zi-mof'o- 
rus) [Gr. ^vpos leaven + <popeiv to bear]. Bearing 
the ferment: a term applied to the active part of 
an enzyme. 
zymophyte (zi'mo-fit) [Gr. ^vpi) leaven 4- <pvtov 
plant]. A bacterium that causes fermentation. 
zymoplastic (zi-mo-plas'tik) [Gr. leaven 4- 
irXacraeiv to form]. Ferment-forming. Z. sub- 
stances. See under substance. 
zymoscope (zi'mo-skop) [Gr. leaven -|- 
crKoireiv to see]. An apparatus for determining the 
zymotic power of yeast. 
zymose (zi'mbs). Invertin. 
zymosimeter, zymosiometer (zi-mo-sim'et-er, 
zi-mo-se-om'et-er). An instrument for measuring 
the degree of fermentation. 
zymosis (zi-mo'sis) [Gr. ^vpwais, from ^vpbecv to 
ferment], i. Fermentation. 2. The develop- 
ment of any zymotic disease; the propagation 
and development of an infectious disease, known 
by the growth of bacteria and their products. 3. 
Any infectious or contagious disease, z. gas'- 
trica, a condition marked by the formation of 
organic acids in the stomach, due to the action of 
yeasts. 
zymosthenic (zi-mos-then'ik) [Gr. ^vpn leaven 4- 
crOevos strength]. Increasing the activity of an 
enzyme. 
zymotechnic, zymotechnique (zi-mo-tek'nik). 
The study of fermentation. 
zymotechny (zi-mo-tek'ne) [Gr. {vm leaven 4- 
rex^V art]. Zymurgy. 
zymotic (zi-mot'ik). 1. Caused by or pertaining to 
zymosis. 2. A zymotic disease. 
zymotoid (zi'mo-toid). A proprietary prepara- 
tion used as an antiseptic and germicide for affec- 
tions of the skin and mucous membranes. 
zymo toxic group (zi-mo-toks'ik). See Ehrlich's 
side-chain theory, under theory. 
zymurgy (zi'mer-je) [Gr. leaven 4- epyov 
work]. The art of brewing, distilling, and wine- 
making; the branch of chemistry that deals with 
the commercial application of fermentation. 
Zz. Abbreviation for L. zingiber, ginger. 
Z. Z.' Z." Increasing degrees of contraction. 
Z. Z.' z. 1260 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Absinthium, i 
15-60 gr. 
r-4 
Wormwood. Anthelmintic and stomachic. 
extractum 
fluidextractum . 
1-10 gr. 
15-60 min. 
0.06-0.6 
r-4 
infusum 
oleum 
|-i fl.oz. 
1-2 min. 
15-30 
0.06-0.13 
Gum arabic. Demulcent, protective, vehi- 
cle. In inflammations of mucous mem- 
Acacia, a 
mucilago 
ad lib. 
ad lib. 
syrupus . 
Acetanilidum, i 
pulvis compositus 
ad lib. 
5-10 gr. 
5-i5 gr- 
0.3-0.6 
0.3-1.0 
branes. 
Antifebrin. Antipyretic, analgesic, anti- 
spasmodic. Specially useful in headache 
and neuralgia. "Headache powder." 
Acetone-chloroform...... 
Acetonum, i 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 
See Chloretone. 
Chiefly used as a solvent for resins and fats. 
Also soporific and antirheumatic. 
Acetozone 
Acetphenetidinum, i 
Acetum, i - 
aromaticum 
3-5 gr- 
5-io gr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
0.2-0.3 
0.3-0.6 
4.0-16.0 
Benzoyl peroxid. External and internal 
antiseptic. Specially recommended in 
typhoid fever. 
Acelphenetidin. Analgesic, antispasmodic, 
antipyretic. 
Vinegar. Astringent, antiscorbutic, re- 
frigerant. 
Cooling application in fever. 
opii 
scillae 
5-20 min. 
5-30 min. 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-2.0 
Equivalent to Laudanum. 
Expectorant, diuretic, emetic. 
Acetyltannin 
Acidum, i 
aceticum, i 
dilutum 
5-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
See Tannigen. 
An acid. 
Caustic, vesicant, and rubefacient. 
Astringent and refrigerant 
glaciale 
agaricum, i 
M gr- 
0.01-0.03 
Caustic. 
Antihydrotic in phthisis. 
arsenosum, i 
benzoicum, i 
boricum, i. 
cacodylicum, i 
camphoricum, i 
gr- 
5-30 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
1-3 gr- 
10-30 gr. 
0.001-0.004 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-1-3 
0.06-0.2 
0.6-2.0 
See Arseni trioxidum. 
Antiseptic and expectorant. 
Boric acid. External and internal anti- 
septic. 
Same uses as Arsenous acid. 
Antihydrotic and antiseptic. 
carbazoticum, i 
carbolicum, i 
1-3 min. 
0.06-0.2 
See Picric acid. 
See Phenol. 
chromicum, i.. 
chrysophanicum, i 
cinnamicum, i 
citricum, i 
1_3 p-r 
4 4 fer- 
5-20 gr. 
0.015-0.04 
0.3-1-3 
Escharotic. 
See Chrysarobinum. 
Special remedy in tuberculosis. 
Antiscorbutic, astringent, and refrigerant. 
syrupus 
gallicum, i 
hydriodicum dilutum... 
hydrobromicum dilutum 
hydrochloricum, i 
|-i fl.oz. 
5-20 gr. 
|-i fl.dr. 
$-2 fl.dr. 
2-5 min. 
15.0-30.0 
0.3-1-3 
1.0-4.0 
1.0-8.0 
0.13-0.3 
Astringent and hemostatic. 
Same as lodids. 
Same as Bromids. 
Digestive, tonic, antiseptic. 
dilutum 
hydrocyanicum dilutum 
5-30 min. 
1-3 min. 
0.3-2.0 
0.06-0.2 
Dilute, prussic acid. Violent poison. In 
small doses antiemetic and cough seda- 
tive. Locally, anesthetic. 
hypophosphorosum di- 
lutum 
3-10 min. 
0.2-0.6 
Nerve tonic. 
lacticum, i 
j-1 fl.dr. 
1.0-4.0 
Antiseptic, refrigerant. Externally, caustic. 
muriaticum, i 
Externally 
See Acidum hydrochloricum. 
nitricum, i 
dilutum 
nitrohydrocbloricum. . . 
Caustic, corrosive poison. 
5-30 min. 
1-5 min. 
O.3-2.O 
0.06-0.3 
Alterative, tonic. 
Hepatic stimulant, tonic. 
dilutum 
oxalicum, i 
5-20 min. 
i4 gr- 
0.3-1-3 
0.008-0.016 
Emmenagogue. Externally, antiseptic. 
phosphoricum, i 
dilutum 
Rarely 
internally 
10-60 min. 
0.6-4.0 
Tonic. 
. picricum, i 
Externally 
One to 3 per cent, solution. Burns, erysip- 
elas, chilblains, gonorrhea. 
prussicum, i 
pyrogallicum 
Externally 
See Acidum hydrocyanicum. 
Pyrogallol. Local stimulant in chronic skin 
diseases. 
quinicum, i, 
salicylicum, i 
4-8 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
0.25-0.5 
0.3-2.0 
In gout and rheumatism.. 
Antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic. 
sulphuricum, i 
aromaticum 
Externally 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.3 
Escharotic, corrosive poison. 
Astringent, antihydrotic, antidote in lead- 
dilutum 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 
poisoning. 
Same as preceding. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE-(.Continued) 
1261 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Acidum sulphurosum, i... 
5-60 min. 
0.3-4.0 
Internally, antiseptic. Externally, parasiti- 
cide. 
tannicum, i 
glyceritum 
suppositorium 
trochisci 
unguentum 
tartaricum, i 
thymicum, i 
trichloraceticum, i 
valericum, i 
5-i5 gr- 
10-60 min. 
3 gr. in each 
1 gr. in each 
Externally 
5-30 gr. 
5-10 gr. 
Externally 
1-5 min. 
0.3-1.0 
0.6-4.0 
0.2 
0.06 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-0.6 
0.06-0.3 
Astringent in mucous discharges and hem- 
orrhages. 
Locally, 5 to 10 per cent, solution. 
Refrigerant, Also used in making efferves- 
cing drinks and powders. 
Body present in thymus gland and pancreas. 
Used in gout. 
Caustic, astringent, hemostatic. 
Antispasmodic for hysteria. 
Aconitina, a 
oleatum 
simlc gr- 
2 per cent. 
0.00011-0.00025 
Locally, in neuralgia. Dangerous on raw 
surfaces. 
Aconitum, i 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
1-2 gr. 
gr. 
j-2 min. 
3-10 min. 
0.06-0.13 
0.01-0.03 
0.03-0.13 
0.2-0.6 
Heart sedative, febrifuge, antineuralgic. 
Fever with rapid, strong pulse. In acute 
tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and pneumonia. 
Internally and locally in neuralgia. 
Flemming's 
Actsea racemosa 
Actol 
|-2 min. 
i gr- 
0.03-0.13 
0.01 
See Cimicifuga. 
Silver lactate. Antiseptic, 1: 200 to 1: 1000 
solution. 
Adeps 
lanae 
hydrosus 
Adnephrin 
Adonidin 
Adonis vernalis 
ad lib. 
gr- 
3-6 gr. 
0.004-0.016 
0.2-0.4 
Lard. Emollient. 
Wool-fat. 
Hydrous wool-fat. 30 per cent, water. 
See Adrenalin. 
False hellebore. Action like digitalis. 
Adrenalin 
5-30 min. (1: 
1000 solution) 
0.3-2.0 
Active principle of suprarenal gland. Used 
locally in hay-fever and as a hemostatic 
in operations on nose, eye, throat, etc., 
in solutions of 1: 1000 to 1: 10,000. Given 
/Esculus glabra, fluidex- 
by mouth in gastric bleeding; also used 
hypodermically or intravenously as a con- 
strictor of vessels in shock. 
tractum 
hippocastanum, i 
3-6 min. 
0.2-0.4 
Buckeye. Chiefly for hemorrhoids. 
Horse-chestnut. Recommended as an em- 
tinctura 
/Ether, is 
10-20 min. 
10-60 min. 
O.6-I.3 
0.6-4.0 
menagogue; also in piles. 
Ether. General anesthetic and antispas- 
modic; also diffusible stimulant. 
aceticus 
hydriodicum 
hydrobromicum 
nitrosi, spiritus 
10-30 min. 
j-2 fl .dr... 
0.6-2.0 
1.0-8.0 
Chiefly ethyl acetate. Antispasmodic and 
anodyne; also a flavor. 
See JEthylis iodidum. 
See Ailhylis bromidum. 
Sweet spirits of niter. Mild febrifuge and 
diuretic. 
spiritus compositus.... 
i-rj fl.dr. 
2.0-6.0 
Hoffmann's anodyne (ether, 325; ethereal 
oil, 25; alcohol, 625). Heart stimulant; 
also antispasmodic in gastralgia, asthma, 
/Ethylis bromidum, i 
carbamas, atis 
chloridum, i 
iodidum, i. 
10-60 gr. 
5 min. 
0.6-4.0 
0.3 
and angina pectoris. 
General anesthetic for short operations 
(15-4 drams). Also local anesthetic. 
Vrethan. Hypnotic. 
General anesthetic for short operations (1-3 
drams). Also local anesthetic. 
Inhaled in asthma. 
Agar-agar 
Japanese isinglass. In making culture- 
media for bacteria. 
Agaricin 
Agurin 
5-i5 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
See Acidum agaricum. 
Theobromin sodium and sodium acetate. 
Powerful diuretic. 
Airol 
Bismuth oxyiodogallate. Action resembles 
that of iodoform. 
Alcohol, is 
absolutum 
amylicum 
94.9 per cent, (vol.) ethyl alcohol. 
99 per cent, (vol.) ethyl alcohol. 
Impure form known as "fusel oil." Used 
as a solvent. 
dilutum 
methylicum 
Aletris, i, farinosa, a 
fluidextractum 
5-ro gr. 
5-30 min. 
O.3-O.6 
0.3-2.0 
48.9 per cent, (vol.) ethyl alcohol. 
Wood alcohol. Poison. May cause blind- 
ness if drunk or inhaled in large amounts. 
Star-grass. Bitter tonic. 
Allium, ii . 
j-2 dr. 
2.0-8.0 
Garlic. Expectorant and diuretic. 
syrupus 
1-4 de 
4.0-16.0 POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continuea) 
1262 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c 
A * 
Action ana Uses. 
Allspice 
See Pimenta. 
Allyl sulphocarbamid.... 
Almond 
gr- 
0.03-0.1 
Thiosinamin. Used hypodermically and 
internally (10 per cent, hydro-alcoholic or 
glycerin-aqueous solution) as a solvent of 
scar tissue, in strictures, lupus, etc. 
See Amygdala. 
Aloes. Cathartic, stomachic, and emmena- 
gogue. To be avoided in acute hemor- 
rhoids and inflammation of lower bowel. 
Aloe, es 
2-6 gr. 
i to 5 pills 
i to 4 pills 
i to 3 pills 
i to 6 pills 
|-2 fl.dr. 
p5 gr- 
i to 4 pills 
2-6 gr. 
J-2 fl.dr. 
i-2 fl.dr. 
0.13-0.4 
et asafcetidae pilulae.... 
et ferri pilulae 
et mastiches pilulae 
et myrrhae pilulae 
From six to twelve hours in acting. 
tinctura 
2.O-8.0 
extractum 
0.03-0.3 
pilulae 
purificata 
0.13-0.4 
2.0-8.0 
tinctura 
vinum 
4.0-8.0 
0.03-0.13 
0.2-0.3 
Aloinum, i 
i-2 gr. 
3-5 gr. 
ad lib. 
Alphozone 
Succinyl peroxid. Germicide and anti- 
septic. Used externally (.1 per cent, solu- 
tion or 10 per cent, dusting-powder) and 
internally. 
Marshmallow. Demulcent in irritation of 
Althaea, a? 
decoctum 
ad lib. 
mucous membranes. 
sy rupus 
ad lib. 
Alumen, inis 
5-30 gr.. 
0.3-2.0 
Alum; aluminum and potassium sulphate. 
Astringent, hemostatic, and emetic. Lo- 
cally, 1 to 5 per cent, solution. Emetic 
dose, 1 to 2 drams. 
Dried or burnt alum. Caustic and astrin- 
exsiccatum 
Aluminum, i, acetas 
et ammonii sulphas. . .. 
et potassii sulphas 
5-ro gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
Externally 
O.3-O.6 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
gent. 
Astringent and antiseptic. 
Ammonia alum. Used same as alum. 
See Alumen. 
sulphas 
Amber 
See Succinum. 
Ambergris 
5-20 gr. 
2 fl.oz. 
0.3-1-3 
60.0 
Antispasmodic. 
Laxative and diuretic. 
American agave 
calumba 
See Frasera. 
hellebore 
See V eratrum. 
See Chenopodium. 
Ammoniac. Expectorant and rubefacient 
Action somewhat like that of asafetida. 
Locally in glandular enlargements and 
inflamed joints. 
worm seed 
Ammoniacum, i 
5-30 gr. 
Externally 
Externally 
|-i fl.oz. 
5-30 min. 
Externally 
Externally 
10-40 min. 
0.3-2.0 
cum hydrargyrum em- 
plastrum 
emplastrum 
emulsum 
15.0-30.0 
0.3-2.0 
Ammonia;, aqua 
Ammonia-water, spirit of hartshorn. Inter- 
nally, as a circulatory and respiratory 
stimulant and also antacid. Externally, 
as a rubefacient liniment in sprains, 
etc. 
fortior 
linimentum 
spiritus 
aromaticus 
1.3-40 
O.2-I.6 
4.0-16.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-2.0 
O.3-O.6 
0.3-1.3 
0.015-0.05 
0.06-0.4 
0.2-1.3 
0.3-1-3 
Ammonio-ferric alum 
Ammonium, ii, acetas 
liquor 
3-10 gr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
5-i5 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-10 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
W gr. 
1-6 gr. 
3-20 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
l-ii gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-io gr. 
1-8 gr. 
Ferri et ammonii sulphas. Styptic. 
Spirit of Mindererus. Mild febrifuge and 
diuretic in febrile conditions. The chlo- 
benzoas 
bromidum 
rid and carbonate are valuable expec- 
torants. The bromid acts like potassium 
bromid; the iodid, like potassium iodid, 
and the salicylate like sodium salicylate. 
The sulphoichthyolate is known as ich- 
thyol. The valerate is used as anti- 
spasmodic. The other salts are rarely 
employed. 
carbonas 
chloridum 
fluoridum 
hypophosphis 
iodidum 
phosphas 
pi eras 
salicylas 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-0.6 
0.06-0.5 
sulpho-ichthyolas 
valeras 
Amygdala, ce, amara 
Bitter almond. The oil of bitter almond acts 
aqua 
2-4 fl.dr. 
similarly to prussic acid. 
oleum 
0.016-0.03 
0.3-1-3 
spiritus 
5-20 min. 
dulcis 
Sweet almond. The meal of expressed cakt 
is used in toilet powders. As it con- 
tains no starch, it is also used in bread 
for diabetics. The oil is a useful emol- 
emulsum 
1-4 fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
4.0-16.0 
4.0-16.0 
4.0-16.0 
oleum expressum 
sy rupus 
lient. 1263 
Medicines. 
Amyleni hydras 
Dose for Adult. 
J-fl.dr. 
1-5 min. 
ad lib. 
W dr. 
Gm. or C.c. 
1.0-6.0 
0.06-0.3 
Action and Uses. 
Amylene hydrate. Hypnotic, antispas- 
modic. Used in capsules. 
Amyl nitrite. Vasodilator and antispas 
modic. Used chiefly by inhalation ir 
angina pectoris, convulsions, asthma. 
Starch. Demulcent. Antidote in iodin 
poisoning. 
Cashew-nut. Oil used as local remedy in 
leprosy, ring-worm, corns; vermifuge in- 
ternally. 
See Pyrethrum. 
Antipyretic, analgesic, and antirheumatic, 
resembling phenacetin in action. 
See Antipyrina. . 
Fish-berries, Cocculus indicus. Seeds con- 
tain picrotoxin, which combines action of 
strychnin and atropin. Used in nervous 
exhaustion, atony of stomach and bowel, 
night-sweats. Locally, tincture is used to 
destroy head lice. 
Pineapple. Juice digests albumins. Used 
locally in diphtheria. 
See Pulsatilla. 
See Pulsatilla. 
Antispasmodic, emmenagogue. Alterative 
in catarrhal affections. 
Powerful local anesthetic in laryngeal tuber- 
culosis, anal fissure, gastric ulcer, etc. 
See Foeniculum. 
Stomachic and carminative. 
Cusparia bark. Gastro-intestinal tonic. 
Mescal buttons. Contain pellotinum. Hyp- 
notic and nerve sedative. 
Anise. 
Stomachic and carminative. 
Chamomile. Stomachic, antispasmodic 
emmenagogue. 
See A cetanilidum. 
James' powder. Diaphoretic in fevers. 
Antimony. Emetic, expectorant, heart 
sedative, and vesicant. At present chiefly 
used as an expectorant in acute bronchitis 
and laryngitis. 
Tartar emetic. 
Antipyrin, phenazone, analgesin, Antipy- 
retic, analgesic in headache, neuralgia; 
antispasmodic in epilepsy and chorea. 
Locally styptic and antiseptic. 
Blood-serum of animals which have suffered 
removal of thyroid gland. Recom- 
mended in exophthalmic goiter. 
Sclavo's anti-anthrax serum. Of definite 
value in anthrax. 
Hafkine's preventive has been used with 
success in India. 
See Serum antidiphthericum. 
On trial. 
Amylis nitris 
Amylum, i 
iodidum 
2.0-16.0 
Anacardium, ii, occiden- 
tale 
oleum 
2-10 min. 
0.12-0.6 
Anacyclus pyrethrum.... 
Analgen 
5-i5 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
Analgesin 
Anamirta, a, paniculata 
tinctura 
2-10 min. 
0.12-0.6 
Ananassa sativa 
Anemone pratensis 
pulsatilla 
Anemonin 
W gr. 
1-10 gr. 
0.016-0.05 
0.03-0.6 
Anesthesin 
Anethum, i, fcenicuhim... 
Angelica, <z 
10-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-io gr. 
|-i fl.oz. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
0.6-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-0.6 
i5.o-33.o 
4.0-8.0 
Angustura, <z 
extractum 
infusum 
tinctura 
Anhalonium, i, lewinii.... 
Anisum, i 
10-30 gr. 
ad lib. 
1-5 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
15-60 gr. 
3-10 gr- 
|-i fl.dr. 
|-2 fl.oz. 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
4.0-8.0 
1.0-4.0 
0.2-0.6 
2.0-4.0 
15.0-60.0 
aqua 
oleum 
spiritus 
Anthemis, dis 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
Antifebrin 
Antimonial powder 
3-10 gr. 
0.13-0.65 
Antimonium, ii 
oxidum 
2-4 gr. 
1 to 3 pills 
gr. 
1 -20 gr. 
Externally 
5-60 min. 
5-15 gr- 
8-30 gr. 
8-75 min. 
0.13-0.26 
0.002-0.03 
0.06-1.3 ' 
0.3-4.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.5-2.0 
0.5-5.0 
30-40 c.c. subcu- 
taneously, re- 
peated in 24 
hours if neces- 
sary. In severe 
cases 10 c.c. in- 
travenously. 
1 c.c., repeated in 
three or four 
days. 
pilulae composita 
et potassii tartras 
sulphuratum 
unguentum 
vinum 
Antipyrin a, ® 
salicylas 
Antithyroidin 
Antitoxin, anthrax 
cholera 
diphtheria 
dysentery 
20 c.c. and up- 
ward subcutan- 
eously. 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued) POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE-{Continued) 
1264 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Antitoxin, meningitis.... 
30-40 c.c. injected 
into spinal canal 
after withdraw- 
Antimeningococcic serum. Of definite value 
in cerebrospinal meningitis. 
al of an equal 
amount of cere- 
brospinal fluid, 
once a day, for 
several days. 
plague, Yersin's serum. 
20-40 c.c. as cura- 
tive dose and 
Haffkine's prophylac- 
tic fluid 
10 c.c. as a pre- 
ventive. 
3 c.c. 
Protection lasts about three months. 
Lustig's antiplague 
7 c.c. intraven- 
ously. 
20-30 c.c. subcu- 
taneously thrice 
daily. 
30 c.c. subcuta- 
neously, re- 
peated daily. 
30-100 c.c. sub- 
cutaneously, re- 
peated every 
eight hours; 30 
vaccine - 
pneumonia 
septicemia 
tetanus 
Anlipneumonic serum. Of doubtful utility. 
Antistreptococcus serum. Recommended in 
sepsis, ulcerative endocarditis, erysipelas, 
puerperal fever, and scarlet fever. 
Of much greater value as a preventive 
than as a curative remedy. 
c.c. as a pre- 
ventive. 
Antitussin 
Antivenene 
Anusol 
Apiol 
Apium petroselinum 
Externally 
5-10 min. 
1-2 dr. 
10-40 c.c. subcu- 
taneously or in- 
travenously. 
0.3-0.6 
4.0-8.0 
75 grains (5 gm.) by inunction in whooping- 
cough. 
Calmette's snake-venom antitoxin. 
Bismuthi iodo-resorcin sulphonas. In sup- 
positories for hemorrhoids. 
An oily principle from parsley. Emmena- 
gogue. 
Parsley. Emmenagogue, diuretic, Car- 
minative. 
Apocodeina, ce ..... 
Apocynum, i, cannabinum 
decoctum 
4-1 gr. 
10-20 gr. 
|-i fl.oz. 
0.02-0.065 
0.6-1.3 
15.0-30.0 
Expectorant; subcutaneously, a laxative. 
Canadian hemp. Heart stimulant, diuretic, 
and cathartic. Resembles digitalis in ac- 
fluidextractum 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 
tion, but more irritant. 
tinctura 
Apomorphinae hydrochlor- 
idum, i 
Aralia, a, ginseng 
nudicaulis 
spinosa 
Araroba, ce.............. 
Arbor vitae 
fluidextractum 
5-60 min. 
gr- 
|-2 dr. 
30-60 gr. 
30-60 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
10-20 min. 
O.3-4.O 
0.003-0.008 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-4.O 
2.0-4.O 
0.3-2.0 
0.6-1.3 
Prompt emetic when given subcutaneously 
and expectorant by mouth. 
Chinese ginseng. Nerve sedative. 
False sarsaparilla. Alterative in rheuma- 
tism, syphilis, etc. 
Prickly elder. Alterative. 
Goa powder. See Chrysarobinum. 
Thuja occidentalis. Alterative. Locally, 
irritant for warts and indolent ulcers. 
Arbutin 
1-10 gr. 
0.065-0.65 
Glucosid from uva-ursi. Diuretic. 
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi... 
Areca catechu 
2-4 dr. 
8.0-16.0 
See Uva-ursi. 
Betel nut. Vermifuge; contains arecorin. 
Arecolinae hydrobromidum 
Used in 1 per cent, solution in the eye as a 
substitute for eserin. 
Argentamine 
Externally 
An aqueous solution of silver nitrate and 
ethylenediamin corresponding in strength 
to 10 per cent, solution of silver nitrate. 
Argentum, i 
citras 
colloidale 
Locally 
14 gr- 
0.016-0.03 
Silver. Internally, astringent and antisep- 
tic. Externally, caustic, astringent, stim- 
ulant, and germicide. 
Itrol. 1:10,000 to 1:4000 solutions and 
1 to 2 per cent, ointments. 
Collargol, soluble silver. Intravenously, 1 
to 2 grains, or 1 dram of 15 per cent, oint- 
ment (ung. Crede) by inunction in septic 
diseases. 
cyanidum.; 
fluoridum 
gr- 
Externally 
0.001-0.003 
Sedative in epilepsy and chorea. 
Tachiol. Powerful antiseptic in 1:1000 to 
1: 100 solutions. 
iodidum 
lactas . 
gr- 
Externally 
0.003-0.0065 
Alterative. 
Actol. Antiseptic in it 1000 to 1: 200 solu- 
tions. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE-(.Continued) 
1265 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Argentum nitras 
W gr. 
7-2 gr. 
0.016-0.03 
0.03-0.13 
Antiseptic and astringent. Externally, 
caustic in pure form and astringent and 
antiseptic in solutions of from 5 to 30 
grains to 1 ounce. 
Sedative in epilepsy and chorea. 
A silver salt combined with albumin from 
wheat. Antiseptic and antigonorrheic in 
2 to 20 per cent, solutions. 
Diquinin carbonic ester. Tasteless sub- 
stitute for quinin. 
See Thymolis iodidum. 
Leopard' s-bane. Alterative. Externally, 
stimulant in bruises, etc. 
Organic arsenic salt. Alterative. Used 
subcutaneously. 
Arsenic. Alterative, tonic, antimalarial. 
Chiefly in diabetes. 
Alterative. 
Donovan's solution. Alterative. 
Alterative. 
Arsenous acid; white arsenic. 
Absinth. Stomachic, anthelmintic. 
Santonica, Levant wormseed. Contains san- 
tonin. Anthelmintic, emmenagogue. 
Asqfetida. Antispasmodic in hysteria, 
neurasthenia, etc. Expectorant; carmin- 
ative for flatulence. 
Wild ginger. Carminative, diaphoretic, 
and diuretic. 
Pleurisy root. Expectorant, diaphoretic, 
carminative. 
White Indian hemp. Diuretic. 
Althein. From asparagus and marshmal- 
low. Diuretic. 
Male-fern; filix mas. Vermifuge for tape- 
worms. 
Quebracho. Respiratory stimulant and an- 
tispasmodic in various forms of asthma. 
Acetylsalicylic acid. Antirheumatic and 
analgesic. 
Sodium aminophenyl arsenate. A relatively 
non-toxic organic arsenic compound. 
A tropin. Respiratory and circulatory 
stimulant, antisudorific, mydriatic. 
Bitter orange-peel. Aromatic bitter and 
carminative. 
Sweet orange-peel. Flavoring agent. 
Gold. Alterative in syphilis and nervous 
disorders. 
Gurjun balsam; wood oil. Employed lo- 
cally in leprosy. Also internally as an 
expectorant. 
Balsam of Peru. Expectorant and urinary 
disinfectant. Used externally in indolent 
ulcers, scabies, ring-worm, and chilblains 
oxidum 
Argyrol 
Aristochin 
2-15 gr- 
0.13-1.0 
Aristol 
Arnica, <z 
5-20 gr. 
i-3 gr.. 
5-10 min. 
5-20 min. 
F3 gr. 
0.3-1-3 
0.6-0.2 
0.3-0.6 
0.3-1-3 
0.025-0.2 
emplastrum 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Arrhenal 
Arsenicum, i 
bromidum 
gr. 
sms gr- 
3-15 min. 
A-igr- 
sVA gr- 
j-i dr. 
1-10 gr. 
15-60 min. 
{-i dr. 
2-15 gr. 
|-i fl.oz. 
2 to 5 pills 
2 to 4 pills 
j-i dr. 
10-30 gr. 
$-1 fl.dr. 
15-60 gr. 
j-1 fl.dr. 
0.001-0.004 
0.001-0.004 
0.2-1.0 
O.OO3-O.OI3 
0.001-0.004 
I.O-4.O 
0.06-0.6 
I.O-4.O 
I .O-4.O 
0.13-1.0 
I5.O-3O.O 
2.0-4.O 
0.6-2.0 
2.0-4.O 
I.O-4.O 
2.0-4.O 
chloridum 
et hydrargyri iodidi liq- 
uoris 
iodidum 
trioxidum 
Artemisia, ce, absinthium. 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
pauciflora 
Asafcetida, <r 
emulsum 
pilulae 
et aloes 
tinctura 
Asarum, i 
tinctura 
Asclepias, dis 
fluidextractum 
incamata 
tinctura 
5-40 min. 
1-2 gr. 
$-2 dr. 
|-r dr. 
15-30 gr. 
2-8 gr. 
15-30 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
hrh gr- 
5-i5 gr- 
i~3 gr- 
O.3-2.5 
0.065-0.13 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-4.O 
1.0-2.0 
O.I3-O.5 
1.0-2.0 
4.O-16.O 
0.001-0.002 
O.3-I .O 
0.03-0.2 
O.OOO3-0.OOO65 
0.006-0.012 
O.OOO65-O.OOI 
O.OOO3-O.OOO65 
O.OOO65-O.OOI 
1.0-2.0 
0.6-2.0 
O.2-8.O 
1.0-2.0 
4.O-8.O 
Asparagin 
Aspidium, i 
oleoresina 
Aspidosperma, tis 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Aspidospermime sulphas.. 
Aspirin 
Atoxyl 
Atropina cr 
methylbromid 
gr. 
^alicylas 
sulphas 
valeras. 
Aurantii amari cortex.... 
fluidextractum 
f-j dr. 
10-30 min. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
Hdr. 
ad lib. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
ad lib. 
tinctura 
dulcis cortex 
syrupus 
tinctura 
florum syrupus 
Aurum, i 
bromidum 
gr. 
ev~i5 gr- 
gr- 
gr. 
J-2 fl.dr. 
5-30 min. 
O.OOI-O.OO4 
O.OOI-O.OO4 
O.OO3-O.OO6 
0.002-0.008 
2.0-8.0 
0.3-2.0 
chloridum 
cyanidum 
et sodii chloridum 
Balsamum, i, gurjunae.... 
peru vianum 
on POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC 
1266 
TABLE - (Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Balsamum tolutanum.... 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 
Balsam of tolu. Expectorant and flavoring 
Baptisia, a, tinctoria 
tinctura 
5-15 gr. 
5-30 min. 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-2.0 
agent. 
Wild indigo. Stimulant in scarlatina, ty- 
phoid fever, and dysentery. Cathartic. 
Barberry 
Barium, i, chloridum 
gr. 
0.03-0.1 
See Berberis. 
Cardiac stimulant and alterative. 
sulphidum 
Basham's mixture 
8-1 gr- 
0.01-0.065 
Alterative in syphilis; also depilatory. 
See Liquor ferri el ammonii acetatis undei 
Ferrum 
Bearberry 
Belladonna, a, folia 
emplastrum... 
extractum foliorum.... 
fluidextractum radicis. . 
$-2 gr. 
Externally 
M gr- 
1-5 min. 
0.03-0.13 
0.016-0.03 
0.06 -0.3 
See Uva-ursi. 
Respiratory and circulatory stimulant, 
mydriatic; antispasmodic in asthma, irri- 
table bladder, colic, and whooping-cough. 
Arrests secretion of sweat, saliva, and 
linimentum 
Externally 
milk. Locally, sedative. 
radix 
tinctura 
unguentum 
Benzanilid 
5-2 gr._ 
1-30 min. 
Externally 
3-12 gr- 
0.03-0.13 
0.06-2.0 
0.2-0.8 
Similar to acetanilid. 
Benzinum, i 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 
Benzin. Internally in cough. Externally, 
for lice. 
Benzoinum, i 
tinctura 
composita 
Benzonaphthol 
Benzosol 
Benzosulphinidum, i 
Berberinae hydrochloridum 
5-30 gr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
l-i fl.dr. 
4-8 gr. 
r-5 gr. 
5-i5 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
2.O-4.O 
2.0-4.O 
0.26-0.5 
0.065-0.3 
0.3-1.0 
Benzoin. Stimulant expectorant, diuretic, 
and antiseptic. Renders urine acid. Ex- 
ternally, dressing for small wounds. 
Intestinal antiseptic. 
See Guaiacolis benzoas. 
Saccharin. Substitute for sugar, especially 
in diabetes. 
Bitter tonic and antiperiodic. 
sulphas 
Berberis, dis 
5-15 gr- 
15-30 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
1.0-2.0 
Barberry. Alterative, diuretic, laxative. 
fluidextractum 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 
Beta-eucain 
Betanaphthol 
bismuth 
Betol 
Biogen 
Bismuthum, i 
citras 
et ammonii citras 
3-10 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
2-8 gr. 
5-15 gr. 
i-3 gr- 
r-5 gr. 
0.2-0.6 
0.3-2.0 
0.13-0.5 
0.3-1.0 
0.06-0.2 
0.06-0.3 
See Eucaince hydrochloridum. 
Antiseptic and germicide; also vermifuge. 
Orphol. Antiseptic. 
Naphthosalol. Antiseptic. 
Magnesium peroxid. Alterative. 
Bismuth. Protective, antacid, astringent, 
and feeble antiseptic. Especially useful 
in gastric and intestinal inflammation and 
oxidum 
oxyiodidum 
5-20 gr. 
Externally 
0.3-1-3 
diarrhea. 
phosphas 
subcarbonas 
3-8 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
O.2-O.5 
0.3-2.0 
subgallas 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
subnitras 
5-30 gr. 
O.3-2.0 
subsalicylas 
5-30 gr. 
O.3-2.0 
tannas 
Bismutose 
Bitter almond 
apple 
candytuft 
5-30 gr. 
30-60 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
O.3-2.0 
2.0-4.O 
0.06-0.19 
Composed of bismuth and albumin, con- 
taining 20 per cent, of former. 
See Amygdala amara. 
See Colocynthis. 
In asthma. 
orange-peel 
sweet 
Blackberry 
Black cohosh 
draught 
haw 
hellebore 
snakeroot 
wash 
Blatta orientalis 
3-5 gr. 
O.2-O.3 
See Aurantii amari cortex. 
See Dulcamara. 
See Rubus. 
See Cimicifuga. 
See Senna infusum compositus. 
See Viburnum prunifolium. 
See Hellebore niger. 
See Cimicifuga. 
Lotio nigra. 
Cockroach. Diuretic. 
Blaud's pills 
Bloodroot 
Blue cohosh 
flag 
mass 
pill 
vitriol 
Boldoa fragrans '.. 
r-3 gr. 
0.065-0.2 
See Ferri carbonatis pilula. 
See Sanguinaria. 
See Caulophyllum. 
See Iris. 
See Hydrargyri massa. 
See Hydrargyri massa. 
See Cupri sulphas. 
Boldo. Stomachic, diuretic, alterative. 
tinctura 
Boneset 
Bone-marrow 
Borax 
Bomyval 
Brandy 
10-20 min. 
4-8 min. 
2-4 dr. 
0.6-1.3 
0.25-0.5 
8.0-16.0 
See Eupatorium. 
See Medulla ossium rubra. 
See Sodii boras. 
Borneol valerate. 
See Spiritus vini gallici. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC 
1267 
TABLE-(Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Bravera, az 
2-8 dr. 
5-io gr. 
10-30 gr. 
5-10 gr. 
10-60 gr. 
10-60 gr. 
5-2 min. 
8.0-32.0 
0.3-0.6 
0.6-2.0 
0.3-0.6 
0.6-4.0 
0.6-4.0 
0.03-0.13 
Cusso, kousso. Anthelmintic. 
Contains 6 per cent, of bromin. Antispas- 
modic. 
Antispasmodic. 
Substitute for bromids. 
Compound of bromin (33 per cent.) with 
sesame oil. Substitute for bronjids. 
Bromin tannin-gelatin compound. Substi- 
tute for bromids. 
Bromojorm. Chiefly used as sedative in 
whooping-cough. 
See Tribromphenol. 
Antipyrin monobromid. 
Bromin. Caustic and deodorant. 
Bromin-urea compound. Hypnotic. 
See Scoparius. 
See Glycyrrhiza mistura compositus. 
Brucin. An alkaloid of nux vomica, resem- 
bling strychnin in action. 
Bryony. Hydragogue cathartic, emmena- 
gogue, vesicant. 
Buchu. Diuretic and stimulant to genito- 
urinary tract. 
See Frangula. 
See Lappa. 
See Pix burgundica. 
See Juglans. 
Croton-chloral hydrate. Analgesic in neural- 
gia. 
Night-blooming cereus. Heart tonic. 
Cadmium. lodid in 10 per cent, ointment 
in scrofulous glands and inflamed joints. 
Salicylate or sulphate (1 per cent, lotion) 
as antiseptic and astringent in eye in- 
flammation and gonorrhea. Sulphate 
also alterative. 
Caffein. Cardiac and respiratory stimu- 
lant and diuretic. 
Cajuput oil. Rubefacient, carminative, 
and expectorant. 
See Physostigma. 
Calamine. Impure zinc carbonate. As- 
tringent and absorbent. Used in in- 
flammatory skin diseases. 
Sweetflag. Stomachic and carminative. 
Calcium. Antacid and astringent. Used 
internally in acid dyspepsia and diarrhea. 
Chlorid internally in hemorrhage. Phos- 
phate in nervous diseases and rickets. 
Hypophosphite in tuberculosis. Sulphite 
internally and externally as antiseptic. 
Sulphid prevents pus formation. Glycero- 
phosphate in nervous diseases. 
Marigold. Alterative, resolvent, febrifuge. 
Tincture as an embrocation in sprains, 
etC. 
Bromalbacid 
Bromalin 
Brometone 
Bromipin 
Bromocoll 
Bromoformum, i 
Bromol 
Bromopyrin 
5-20 gr. 
Externally 
5-io gr. 
0.3-1-3 
Bromum, i 
Bromural 
0.3-0.6 
Broom 
Brown mixture 
Brucina, az 
gr- 
tVI gr- 
gr- 
10-60 gr. 
10-60 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
M gr- 
15-30 gr. 
15-30 min. 
|-2 fl.OZ. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
0.005-0.03 
0.005-0.03 
0.005-0.03 
0.6-4.0 
0.6-4.0 
4.0-8.0 
0.01-0.02 
1.0-2.0 
1.0-2.0 
15.0-60.0 
4.0-8.0 
nitras 
sulphas 
Bryonia, ce 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Bryonin 
Buchu (indeclinable) 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
tinctura 
Buckthorn 
Burdock 
Burgundy pitch 
Butternut 
Butyl-chloral hydras 
Cactus, i, grandiflorus, i.. 
fluidextractum 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1-3 
5-20 min. 
5-30 min. 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-2.0 
tinctura 
Cadmium, ii 
iodidum 
Externally 
Externally 
1*2-5 gr- 
r-3 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
1-3 dr. 
1-5 gr- 
2-5 gr. 
2-5 gr-. 
2-10 min. 
5-20 min. 
0.005-0.01 
0.06-0.2 
0.13-0.6 
4.0-12.0 
0.03-0.3 
0.13-0.3 
0.13-0.3 
0.13-0.6 
0.3-1.6 
salicylas 
sulphas 
Caffeina, ce 
citrata 
effervescens 
hydrobromid 
sodii benzoas 
valeras 
Cajuputi oleum 
spiritus 
Calabar bean 
Calamina, a 
Externally 
15-60 gr. 
2-8 gr. _ 
15-60 min. 
1-2 fl.OZ. 
Calamus, i 
1.0-4.0 
0.13-0.5 
1.0-4.0 
30.0-60.0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
Calcium, ii 
bromidum 
10-20 gr. 
10-60 gr. 
5-i5 gr- 
3-ro gr. 
3-15 gr. 
r-5 gr. 
1-15 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
1-2 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
s-r gr. 
r-5 gr. 
15-60 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
15-60 min. 
0.6-1.3 
0.6-4.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.2-0.6 
0.2-1.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-1.0 
0.2-0.6 
0.06-0.13 
0.2-0.6 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-2.0 
0.016-0.06 
0.06-0.3 
1.0-4.0 
0.13-0.6 
1.0-4.0 
carbonas praecipitatus.. 
chloridum 
glycerophosphas 
hypophosphis 
iodidum 
lactas 
lactophosphas 
permanganas 
peroxid 
phosphas 
saccharas 
sulphidum 
sulphis... 
Calendula, ® 
extractum 
fluidextractum i... 1268 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continue® 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Calenduke, tinctura 
J-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
See Hydrargyri chloridum mite. 
Columbo. Bitter tonic for feeble digestion; 
non-astringent. 
Lime. Escharotic, depilatory, disinfectant. 
Bleaching powder. Disinfectant. 
Carron oil. For bums. 
Lime-water. An acid. 
Crude calcium sulphid. Depilatory. In- 
ternally, in pustular skin diseases. 
Used in diarrhea, rheumatism, and cys- 
titis. 
Gamboge. Drastic cathartic. 
Camphor. Diffusible stimulant, antispas- 
modic, and carminative. Useful in chor- 
dee and genital irritation. Externally, in 
liniment as a rubefacient. 
See Erigeron. 
Resin from Cannabis indica. 
A powder prepared from Cannabis indica. 
Indian hemp; hashish. Antispasmodic, an- 
tineuralgic, anodyne. Cough sedative in 
tuberculosis. Of value in migraine or 
sick headache. 
Cantharidal collodion. 60 per cent, can- 
tharides. 
Principle of cantharides. Used hypoder- 
mically in tuberculosis. 
Cantharides: Spanish fly. Externally, pow- 
erful vesicant and counterirritant. In- 
ternally, the tincture is used as an em- 
menagogue, aphrodisiac, and genito-uri- 
nary stimulant. 
Cayenne pepper. Stomachic in atony of 
stomach and dyspepsia of drunkards, 
Carminative. Locally as a gargle in sore 
throat, and externally as a rubefacient. 
See Carum. 
Animal charcoal. Absorbent. 
Wood-charcoal. Absorbent. Used inter- 
nally in flatulent dyspepsia and externally 
in dressings for foul ulcers. 
Cardamom. Stomachic and carminative. 
Useful in colic and as a flavoring agent. 
Prepared from meat and iron. 
Vegetable digestant from papaw. 
Alkaloid from Carica papaya. Substitute 
for digitalis. 
See Linimentum colds, under Calx. 
Caraway. Aromatic, carminative, flavor- 
ing agent. 
Cloves. Carminative, stomachic. Oil used 
locally in toothache. 
See Rhamnus purshiana. 
Cascarilla. Stomachic in gastric and in- 
testinal atony. 
Purging cassia. Cathartic. 
Chestnut leaves. Sedative and astringent 
in whooping-cough. 
Calomel 
Calumba, & 
5-3° gr. 
1-10 gr. 
5-30 min. 
3-1 fl.oz. 
j-2 fl.dr. 
0.3-2.0 
0.06-0.6 
0.3-2.0 
15.0-30.0 
2.0-8.0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
inf usum 
tinctura 
Calx, cis 
chlorata 
linimentum 
Externally 
$-2 fl.oz. 
A4 gr- 
J-i fl.dr. 
Fs gr. 
2-10 gr. 
1-8 fl.dr. 
Externally 
Externally 
2-5 gr. 
1-5 min. 
10-60 min. 
liquor 
15.0-60.0 
0.006-0.03 
2.0-4.0 
0.03-0.3 
0.13-0.6 
4.0-30.0 
0.13-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-4.0 
sulphurata 
syrupus 
Cambogia, & 
Camphora, (E 
aqua 
ceratum 
linimentum 
monobromata 
oleum 
spiritus 
Canada fleabane 
Cannabinon 
i-r gr. 
2-10 gr. 
2-5 gr. 
l-i gr- 
3-5 min. 
5-30 min. 
Externally 
Wan gr- 
i-r gr. 
Externally 
Externally 
1-5 min. 
1-8 gr. 
Externally 
5-2 gr. 
1-5 min. 
2-4 fl.dr. 
j-i min. 
5-20 min. 
10-60 min. 
0.016-0.06 
0.13-0.6 
0.13-0.3 
0.016-0.03 
0.2-0.3 
0.3-2.0 
Cannabin tannas 
Cannabis, is, indica, a.... 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Cantharidatum, i, coilo- 
dium 
Cantharidin 
0.00004 
0.01-0.06 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.5 
0.03-0.13 
0.06-0.3 
8.0-16.0 
0.016-0.06 
0.3-1-3 
O.6-4.O 
Cantharis, idis 
ceratum 
emplastrum 
tinctura 
Capsicum, i 
emplastrum 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
oleoresina 
tinctura 
et myrrhae 
Caraway 
Carbo, onis, animalis 
purificatus 
10-40 gr. 
10-40 gr. 
15-60 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
8-15 gr- 
3-10 gr. 
^5-5 gr. 
O.6-2.6 
0.6-2.6 
1.0-4.0 
0.3-1-3 
4.0-8.0 
4.O-8.O 
0.5-1.0 
0.2-0.6 
O.OO2-O.OI 
ligni 
Cardamomum, i 
tinctura 
composita 
Carniferrin 
Caroid 
Carpaina, a 
Carron oil 
Carum, i 
10-30 gr. 
5-1 fl.oz. 
1-6 min. 
5-15 gr- 
j-i fl.oz. 
1-5 min. 
0.6-2.0 
I5.O-3O.O 
O.O6-O.35 
0.3-I .O 
I5.O-3O.O 
O.O6-O.3 
aqua 
oleum 
Caryophyllus, i 
infusum 
oleum 
Cascara sagrada 
Cascarilla, ® 
15-30 gr. 
5-8 gr. 
5-2 fl.oz. 
j-2 fl.dr. 
1.0-2.0 
O.3-O.5 
15.0-60.0 
2.0-8.0 
extractum 
infusum 
tinctura 
Cassia, <e 
fistula 
1-2 dr. 
15-60 gr. 
20-60 min. 
4.O-8.O 
1.0-4.0 
I.3-4.O 
Castanea 
fluidextractum 1269 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE-(Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Castanea, infusum 
j-i fl.oz. 
15-0-30.0 
See Oleum ricini. 
Substance from preputial follicles of the 
beaver. Antispasmodic like musk. 
Clay paste. Substitute for meal poultice. 
Catnip. Stomachic, carminative, sedative. 
Catechu. Astringent. Replaced by Gam- 
bir in Pharmacopoeia of 1900. 
Blue cohosh. Uterine sedative. 
See Capsicum. 
Seeds of A pium graveolens. Nerve sedative. 
Powerful emetic from ipecac. 
Wax, white, yellow. 
Cerate. 
Yeast. Added to poultices for unhealthy 
wounds. Internally, in boils and dia- 
betes. 
Cerium. Gastric sedative, especially in 
vomiting of pregnancy. 
Spermaceti. 
Iceland-moss. Demulcent in gastric, pul- 
monary inflammations. 
See Creta. 
See Anthemis. 
See Carbo. 
See Oleum gynocardice. 
Celandine. Alterative, cathartic, expector- 
ant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. 
Guaiac resin, 10; magnesium carbonate, 10; 
sulphur, 15; molasses, 60. Chronic rheu- 
matism and gout. 
American wormseed. Chiefly for worms. 
See Laurocerasi folia. 
See Castanea. 
Pipsissewa. Stimulant diuretic, almost 
equivalent to buchu. 
Quinoidin. Mixture of amorphous cin- 
chona alkaloids. 
Urotropin quinate. Urinary disinfectant. 
Chiretta. Stomachic. Equivalent to gen- 
tian. 
See Chloralformamidum. 
Chloralamid. Somnifacient. 
Somnifacient. 
Chloral hydrate. Hypnotic and anticon- 
vulsant. 
Camphorated chloral. Valuable rubefacient 
application in muscular rheumatism and 
neuralgia. 
Chlorobutanol. Somnifacient. 
Chlorin water. Internal and external anti- 
septic. 
Solution of morphin, chloroform, cannabis 
indica, hydrocyanic acid, mint, and cap- 
sicum. Anodyne. 
Chloroform. General anesthetic by inhala- 
tion. Internally, antispasmodic, car- 
minative, and vermifuge. Externally, 
rubefacient. 
Irish moss. Demulcent. 
Chrysarobin. Externally as a stimulant 
and parasiticide in certain skin diseases. 
Also for hemorrhoids. 
Castor oil 
Castoreum, i 
10-30 gr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
Externally 
15-60 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
10-30 gr. 
5-2 fl.dr. 
1 occasionally 
10-30 gr. 
2-5 gr. 
10-30 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
0.6-2.0 
2.0-4.0 
tinctura 
Cataplasma kaolini 
Cataria, a 
1.0-4.0 
4.0-8.0 
0.6-2.0 
2.0-8.0 
0.6-2.0 
0.13-0.3 
0.6-2.0 
4.0-8.0 
fluidextractum 
Catechu (indeclinable). .. 
tinctura compositum... 
trochisci 
Caulophyllum, * 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Cayenne pepper 
Celery seeds 
Cephaelin 
A-i gr. 
0.005-0.01 
Cera, ce, alba, flava 
Ceratum, i 
Externally 
|-i oz. 
i-5 gr. 
Externally 
Externally 
5-1 dr. 
1-4 fl.oz. 
Cerevisiae fermentum 
Cerium, i 
15.0-30.0 
0.06-0.3 
Cetaceum, i 
ceratum 
2.0-4.0 
30.0-120.0 
Cetraria, ce 
decoctum 
Chalk 
Chamomile 
Charcoal 
Chaulmoogra oil 
Chelidonium, ii 
1-2 dr. 
5-ro gr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
J-2 fl.oz. 
1-2 dr. 
15-30 gr. 
15-30 min. 
2-10 min. 
4.0-8.0 
0.3-0.6 
2.0-4.0 
15.0-60.0 
4.0-8.0 
1.0-2.0 
1.0-2.0 
0.13-0.6 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
Chelsea pensioner 
Chenopodium, ii 
fluidextractum 
oleum 
Cherry laurel 
Chestnut leaves 
Chimaphila, ® 
15-60 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
|-i fl.dr. 
2-30 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
15-30 gr. 
15-30 min. 
j-i fl.dr. 
1.0-4.0 
0.2-0.6 
2.0-4.0 
0.13-2.0 
0.3-1-3 
1.0-2.0 
1.0-2.0 
2.0-4.0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Chinoidinum, i 
Chinotropin 
Chirata, a 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Chloralamid 
Chloralformamidum, i.... 
Chloralose 
15-30 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
10-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 
0.2-0.6 
0.6-2.0 
Chloralum, i, hydratum, i. 
camphoratum, i 
Chloretone 
5-i5 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
5-15 min. 
2-20 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
10-40 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
Externally 
j-i fl.dr. 
0.3-1.0 
4.0-8.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.13-1.3 
4.0-16.0 
0.6-2.6 
4.0-16.0 
2.0-4.0 
Chlori, aqua 
Chlorodyne 
Chloroformum, i 
aqua 
elixir compositum 
emulsum 
linimentum 
spiritus 
Chondrus, i 
Chrysarobinum, i 
.. Externally 1270 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC 
TABLE-(Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
: Action and Uses. 
Cimicifuga, cb 
5-30 gr. 
1-8 gr. 
5-30 min. 
j-i fl.dr. 
i-5 gr. 
10-60 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
' 1-2 fl.dr.. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
5-i5 gr. 
15-60 min. 
j-2 fl.oz. 
10-60 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
|-i fl.oz. 
1-5 min. 
5-30 min. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
15-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
0.06-0.5 
0.3-2.0 
2.0-4.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-4.0 
4.0-8.0 
4.0-8.0 
4.0-8.0 
4.0-8.0 
0.3-1.0 
1.0-4.0 
15.0-60.0 
0.6-4.0 
4.0-8.0 
4.0-8.0 
0.06-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
15.0-30.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-2.0 
2.0-8.0 
1.0-2.0 
Black snakeroot or black cohosh. Antispas- 
modic in chorea; antirheumatic and 
uterine stimulant. 
Macrotin (eclectic). Resin from cimicifuga. 
Peruvian bark. Antimalarial and bitter 
tonic. See also Quinin. 
Huxham's tincture. 
Cinchonidin. 
Cinnamon. Aromatic, carminative, as- 
tringent, and flavoring agent. 
Compound of formaldehyd and citric acid. 
Gout and rheumatism. 
See Hy dr argyri nitras unguentum. 
See Caryophyllus. 
Coca leaves, erythroxylon. Nerve stimu- 
lant. Chiefly useful in convalescence 
from acute diseases. Active principle, 
cocain. 
Cocain. Local anesthetic; circulatory, res- 
piratory, and cerebral stimulant; anti- 
emetic and mydriatic. 
Fish-berries. Active principle, picrotoxin. 
Cerebrospinal and respiratory stimulant, 
resembling strychnin in action. Locally, 
for lice. 
Cochineal. Recommended as antispas- 
modic, but chiefly used as a coloring agent. 
See Oleum theobromatis. 
Codein. An alkaloid of opium. 
See Oleum morrhuce. 
Meadow saffron. Alterative in gout and 
chronic rheumatism. Active principle, 
colchicin. 
Collodion. An ether-alcohol solution of 
gun-cotton. Painted over excoriations, etc. 
Blistering collodion. 
Flexible collodion. 
Styptic collodion. 
Colocynth; bitter apple. Drastic cathartic, 
seldom used alone. 
See Tussilago. 
See Calumba. 
Condurango. Stomachic and supposed spe- 
cific for gastric cancer. 
Solution of potassium permanganate. Dis- 
infectant. 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Cimicifugin 
Cinchona, (B 
elixir 
et ferri 
et strychninae 
pepsini et strychninae. 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
inf usum 
rubra 
tinctura 
compositum 
Cinchonidina, 
salicylas 
sulphas 
Cinchonina, & 
bisulphas 
hydrochloridum 
salicylas 
sulphas 
Cinnamomum, i 
aqua 
oleum 
spiritus 
tinctura 
Citarin 
Citrine ointment 
Cloves 
Coca, a 
15-60 gr. 
10-60 min. 
2-4 fl.dr. 
i-i gr. 
i-i gr. 
Externally 
r-3 gr- 
1-2 fl.dr. 
3-15 min. 
1-15 gr- 
15-30 min. 
1.0-4.0 
0.6-4.0 
8.0-16.0 
0.008-0.06 
0.008-0.06 
0.06-0.2 
4.0-8.0 
0.2-1.0 
0.06-1.0 
1.0-2.0 
fluidextractum 
vinum 
Cocaina, ce 
hydrochlorid 
oleatum 
Cocculus indicus 
decoctum 
tinctura 
Coccus, i 
tinctura 
Cocoa-butter 
Codeina, cb 
1-2 gr. 
1-2 gr. 
1-2 gr. 
1-2 gr. 
0.016-0.13 
0.016-0.13 
0.016-0.13 
0.016-0.13 
hydrochloridum 
phosphas 
sulphas 
Cod-liver oil 
Colchicina, <b 
gr. 
gr- 
c.0005-0.0013 
0.0005-0.0013 
salicylas 
Colchicum, i 
cormus 
2-8 gr. 
5-2 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
1-5 min. 
10-40 min. 
10-40 min. 
Externally 
Externally 
Externally 
Externally 
1-1 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
1~2 gr. 
5-15 gr. 
O.I3-C.5 
0.03-0.13 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-2.6 
0.6-2.6 
extractum 
semen 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
vinum 
Collodium, i 
cantharidatum 
flexile 
stypticum 
Colocynthin 
0.008-0.016 
0.13-0.6 
0.016-0.13 
0.3-1.0 
Colocynthis, idis 
extractum 
compositum 
Coltsfoot 
Columbin 
W gr. 
0.03-0.06 
Columbo 
Condurango 
15-30 gr. 
20-60 miji. 
1.0-2.0 
1.3-4-0 
fluidextractum 
Condy's fluid 1271 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE - {Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Conina, a 
hydrobrom idurn 
Conium, ii 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Convallaria, a 
extractum 
gr- 
tfTTir gr- 
i-5 gr. 
4-2 gr. 
1-5 min. 
10-60 min. 
2-10 gr. 
2-8 gr. 
0.0013-0.006 
0.0013-0.006 
0.06-0.3 
0.03-0.13 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-4.0 
b.i'3-o.6 
0.13-0.5 
Cicutin. Liquid alkaloid of conium. 
Poison hemlock. Sedative and antispas- 
modic in asthma, whooping-cough, mania, 
chorea, tetanus. Locally, in poultices 
to cancerous and other painful sores. 
LUy-off-the-valley. Heart stimulant and 
diuretic. Useful in cardiac dropsy 
fluidextractum 
2-10 min. 
0.13-0.6 
Copaiba, a 
10-60 min. 
0.6-4.0 
Copaiba or copaiva. Stimulant diuretic and 
massa 
oleum 
15-60 gr. 
5-15 min. 
1.0-4.0 
0.3-1.0 
urinary disinfectant in gonorrhea when 
discharge is purulent and in chronic cysti- 
resina 
5-15 gr- 
0.3-1.0 
tis. Also stimulant expectorant. 
Copper 
Coriandrum, i 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 
See Cuprum. 
Coriander. Stomachic and carminative. 
fluidextractum 
15-30 min. 
1.0-2.0 
oleum 
Corn ergot 
silk 
Comus, us, circinata, a... 
fluidextractum 
decoctum 
florida, oe 
fluidextractum 
2-5 min. 
15-60 gr. 
15-60 min. 
1-2 fl.oz. 
15-60 gr. 
15-60 min. 
0.13-0.3 
1.0-4.0 
1.0-4.0 
30.0-60.0 
1.0-4.0 
1.0-4.0 
See Ustilago. 
See Zea mays. 
Round-leaned dogwood. Like dogwood. 
Dogwood. Astringent, tonic, febrifuge. 
Corrosive sublimate 
Cotamin hydrochloridum. 
phthalate..... 
Coto 
tinctura 
Cotoin 
s-4 gr- 
1-4 gr. 
5-ro gr. 
10-30 min. 
5-2 gr. 
0.016-0.25 
0.016-0.25 
O.3-O.6 
0.6-2.0 
0.03-0.13 
See Hydrargyri chloridum corrosivum. 
Stypticin. Allied to hydrastinin. Useful 
hypodermically or by mouth in uterine 
hemorrhage. 
Styptol. Same use as cotarnin. 
Coto bark. Astringent in diarrhea, cholera, 
and night-sweats. 
Bitter principle of coto. 
Cotton-root 
Couch-grass 
Cowage..' 
Cramp-bark 
Cranesbill 
Cream of tartar 
Creosotum, i 
1-10 min. or 
more 
0.06-0.6 
See Gossypium. 
See Triticum repens. 
See Mucuna pruriens. 
See Viburnum opulus. 
See Geranium. 
See Potassii bitartras. 
Creosote, creosote. Antiseptic and expec- 
torant. Useful in tuberculosis with 
aqua 
1-4 fl.dr. 
4.0-15.0 
purulent sputum. Also of value in gas- 
tro-intestinal fermentation. 
carbonas 
phosphas 
valeras 
Cresol 
5-20 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-i5 gr- 
Externally 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-1.0 
Creosotal. Valuable expectorant. 
Phosote. Substitute for creosote. 
Eosote. Substitute for creosote. 
Cresylic acid. Mixture of cresols from coal 
tar. More powerful disinfectant than 
Creta, a 
praeparata 
mistura 
Crocus, i 
tinctura 
io-6o gr. 
2-6 fl.dr. 
5-30 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
0.6-4.0 
8.0-24.0 
0.3-2.0 
4.0-8.0 
phenol. 
Chalk. Antacid and astringent. Used in 
gastric acidity and diarrhea; Also in 
tooth-powders. 
Saffron. Antispasmodic and sedative. Rec- 
ommended to promote eruptions in 
measles. 
Croton chloral 
See Butyl-chloral hydras. 
oil 
Cubeba, ® 
fluidextractum 
oleoresina 
15-60 gr. 
15-60 min. 
5-20 min. 
1.0-4.0 
1.0-4.0 
0.3-1-3 
See Oleum tiglii. 
Cubeb. Stimulant diuretic in gonorrhea 
and cystitis. Stimulant expectorant in 
late stages of acute bronchitis. 
oleum 
trochisci 
5-20 min. 
1 occasionally 
0.3-1-3 
See Leptandra. 
Copper nucleinate. Antiseptic and as- 
Culver's root 
Cuprol 
Externally 
Cuprum, i............... 
acetas 
arsenis 
sulphas 
Curare 
Curarina, tt 
1~4 gr. 
ik-A gr. 
W gr- 
gr- 
0.008-0.03 
0.0005-0.0015 
0.008-0.03 
0.0032-0.03 
0.00016-0.0016 
tringent, especially in eye diseases (10 
per cent, solution). 
Copper. Sulphate internally as astringent 
in diarrhea; as emetic (5 grains) and as an- 
tidote to phosphorus. Externally, caustic 
and stimulant. Arsenite used as internal 
antiseptic. 
Woorara. Powerful nerve depressant. Oc- 
casionally given in tetanus and strychnin- 
Cypripedium, ii 
15-30 gr. 
1.0-2.0 
poisoning. 
Ladies'-slipper. Antispasmodic. Similar 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
2-6 gr. 
10-60 min. 
O.I3-O.4 
1.0-2.0 
to valerian. 
tinctura 
1-2 fl.dr. 
4.O-8.O 1272 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Cystogen 
5-io gr. 
15-60 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
O.3-O.6 
1.0-4.0 
0.13-0.6 
2.0-4.O 
Hexamethylenamina. Similar to urotropin. 
Damiana. Tonic in sexual debility and 
nervous exhaustion. 
See Taraxacum. 
Alkaloid of stramonium. Similar to atro- 
pin. 
Alkaloid of stavesacre or larkspur. Action 
like that of aconitin. Used in asthma 
Locally in ointment (5 per cent.) for 
neuralgia. 
See Bismuthi subgallas. 
Starch-, corn-, or grape-sugar. 
See Levulose. 
Amorphous powder. Variable in strength 
Nativelie's digitalin. Impure digitoxin. 
Mixture of glucosids. Suitable for hypo- 
dermic use. 
Foxglove. Heart tonic and diuretic. Ren- 
ders pulse less frequent and more forcible. 
Useful in valvular disease, dilated heart, 
cardiac and renal dropsy; also palpitation 
and irregular action of heart. 
See Lycetol. 
Ethylmorphin hydrochlorid. Substitute for 
morphin; also locally (5 to 10 per cent, 
solution) in inflammatory eye diseases. 
See Serum antidiphthericum. 
Theobromin sodium and sodium salicylate. 
Powerful diuretic. 
See Cornus florida. 
See Piscidia erythrina. _ 
See Arseni et hydrargyri iodidi liquoris. 
A mylene-chloral. Hypnotic. 
See Ipecacuanha et opii pulvis. 
Sundew. Expectorant in bronchitis and 
whooping-cough. 
Similar in action to belladonna. 
Similar in action to hyoscin. 
Bitter-sweet. Sedative, alterative, diuretic. 
See Pollantin. 
See Guaiacolis carbonas. 
Mixture of calcium and sodium glycerophos- 
phate. Nerve tonic. 
Syrup of iron phosphate with strychnin and 
quinin. Tonic. 
Elaterium. Powerful hydragogue cathar- 
tic. Useful in dropsy. Contains elaterin. 
See Sambucus. 
See Inula. 
Resinoid from ipecac. Emetic (i-4 
grains); expectorant. 
Emetin. Alkaloid of ipecac. Emetic (1 
grain) and expectorant. 
Condensation product of birch-tar and 
formaldehyd. Substitute for tar. 
See Guaiacolis valeras. 
Condensation product of betanaphthol and 
cresolic acid. Used in 10 to 20 per cent, 
ointment in skin diseases. 
See Magnesii sulphas. 
Ergot. Constrictor of blood-vessels, hemo- 
static, emmenagogue, and parturient. 
Equivalent to extractum. ergota. 
Fleabane. Stimulant, diuretic, hemostatic. 
Yerba santa. Expectorant and tonic. Use- 
ful for disguising taste of quinin. 
Damiana, # 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Dandelion 
Daturina, <e 
4o~sb gr- 
14 gr. 
0.0005-0.001 
0.016-0.03 
Delphina, « 
Dermatol 
Dextrose 
Diabetin 
Digitalin 
gr- 
gr- 
gr- 
i-2 gr. 
14 gr- 
1-2 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
5-20 min. 
gr- 
0.001-0.002 
O.OOO25-O.OOI 
0.001-0.003 
O.O3-O.I3 
O.OI-O.OI6 
0.06-0.13 
4.O-16.O 
0.3-1-3 
0.00025-0.001 
cristallisee 
Digitalinum germanicum. 
Digitalis, is 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
tinctura 
Digitoxin 
Dimethyl piperazin tartrate 
Dionin 
l-i gr. 
0.016-0.06 
Diphtheria antitoxin 
Diuretin 
5-i5 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
Dogwood 
Jamaica 
Donovan's solution 
Dormiol 
5-50 min. 
0.3-3.0 
Dover's powder 
Drosera, a, rotundifolia... 
tinctura 
3-i5 gr; 
5-10 min. 
0.2-1.0 
0.3-0.6 
Duboisia mvoporoides.... 
Duboisinae sulphas 
gr- 
j-i dr. 
5-i5 gr- 
j-i fl.dr. 
1-2 fl.oz. 
0.0004-0.0013 
2.0-4.O 
0.3-1.0 
2.0-4.O 
3O.O-6O.O 
Dulcamara, a 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
Dunbar's serum 
Duotal 
Duotonol 
5-10 gr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
A4 gr. 
i-i gr. 
A4 gr. 
O.3-O.6 
2.0-4.O 
O.OO3-O.OO8 
O.O3-O.O6 
O.OO6-O.O3 
Easton's syrup 
Elaterinum, i 
trituratio 
Elaterium, ii 
Elder 
Elecampane 
Emetin 
A-A gr- 
iW gr- 
Externally 
O.OO2-O.OO65 
O.OOO5-O.OOI 
Emetina, (E 
Empyroform 
Eosote 
Epicarin 
Externally 
Epsom salts 
Ergota, a 
10-60 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
15-60 min. 
1-3 fl.dr. 
0.6-4.0 
0.13-0.6 
1.0-4.0 
4.0-12.0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
vinum 
Ergotin 
Erigeron, tis 
1-2 dr. 
5-10 min. 
j-i dr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
15-60 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
4.O-8.O 
O.3-O.6 
2.0-4.O 
4.0-8.0 
1.0-4.0 
4.0-8.0 
oleum 
Eriodictyon, yi 
elixir aromaticum 
fluidextractum 
syrupus POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued) 
1273 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Erythrol tetranitrate 
Erythrophlceinae hydro- 
chloridum 
gr. 
A'A gr- 
0.03-0.06 
0.0016-0.0026 
Erythrol nitrate. Powerful vasodilator. 
Action like that of nitroglycerin, but more 
lasting. Explosive. Prescribed in choc- 
olate tablets. 
Sassy bark. Action like that of digitalis. 
Alkaloid used in dentistry to benumb 
dentin. 
See Coca. 
See Physostigmina. 
See Ether. 
See Ethylis bromidum. 
See Ethylis carbamas. 
See Ethylis chloridum. 
See Ethylis iodidum. 
Beta-eucain. Local anesthetic, less toxic 
than cocain. 
Cineol. Organic oxid from oil of eucalyp- 
tus. 
Blue-gum tree. Antiperiodic, expectorant, 
antiseptic. 
No so phen-bismuth. Intestinal antiseptic 
and astringent. 
Aromatic phenol from clove oil. Antiseptic 
and local anesthetic. 
Atropin methylnitrate. Mydriatic, antispas- 
modic, antihydrotic. Less toxic than 
atropin. Locally, 0.5 to 1 per cent, solu- 
tion. 
See Sodii oleas. 
Wahoo. Cathartic, cholagogue, diuretic. 
Boneset, thoroughivort. Stomachic, diuretic, 
and diaphoretic. Similar to chamomile. 
Flowering spurge. Used chiefly in whoop- 
ing-cough, asthma, coryza, bronchial 
affections. Large doses emetic. 
Mandelic acid, derivative of eucain. Myd- 
riatic, evanescent action (2 to 10 per cent, 
solution). 
Quinin carbonic ether. Substitute for 
quinin; milder, but less likely than the 
latter to cause cinchonism. 
Organic preparation of iodin (28 per cent.). 
Substitute for iodoform. Antisyphilitic. 
Methyl-acetanilid. Substitute for acetan- 
ilid. 
Oxyanthraquinon derivative. Synthetic 
purgative. 
Ox-gall. Laxative and cholagogue. 
See Foeniculum. 
Iron-albumin compound. 
Bismuth subnitrate, 180; acacia, 60; mor- 
phin hydrochlorid, 1. In coryza. 
Iron. Chalybeate tonic in anemia. As- 
tringent. Chlorid in erysipelas, and 
locally in sore throat. Solution of iron 
and ammonium acetate (Basham's mix- 
ture), diuretic. Iron oxid with magne- 
sium oxid, antidote to arsenic. Iron sul- 
phate (copperas), disinfectant and deodor- 
ant. Syrup of iron iodid, alterative and 
tonic. Iron subsulphate (Monsel's salt) 
and solution of iron subsulphate (Monsel's 
solution), styptic. 
Erythrophloeum, i 
tinctura 
5-10 min. 
0.3-0.6 
Erythroxylon 
Eserin 
Ether 
Ethyl bromid 
carbamas 
chlorid 
iodid 
Eucainae hydrochloridum. 
Eucalyptol 
Externally 
5-15 min. 
15-60 gr. 
j-r fl.dr. 
5-15 min. 
5-20 gr. 
1-5 min. 
sVj gr- 
0.3-1.0 
1.0-4.0 
2.0-4.0 
0.3-1.0 
O.3-I-3 
0.06-0.3 
0.0005-0.001 
Eucalyptus, i 
fluidextractum 
oleum 
Eudoxin 
Eugenol 
Eumydrin 
Eunatrol 
Euonymin 
1-5 gr. 
10-40 gr. 
i-5 gr., 
10-30 min. 
j-i dr. 
5-ro gr. 
15-60 min. 
1-2 fl.oz. 
2-5 gr. 
5-30 min. 
Externally 
5-20 gr. 
4-r i gr. 
2-5 gr. 
8-24 gr. 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-2.6 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-2.0 
2.0-4.0 
0.3-0.6 
1.0-4.0 
30.0-60.0 
0.13-0.3 
0.3-2.0 
Euonymus, i 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Eupatorium, ii 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
Euphorbia, corollata... 
fluidextractum 
Euphthalmin 
Euquinin 
0.3-I-3 
O.O3-O.1 
O.13-O.3 
0.5-1-5 
Europhen 
Exalgin 
Exodin 
Fei, Us, bovis 
purificatum 
5-i5 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
Fennel 
Ferratin 
5-8 gr. 
0.3-0.5 
Ferrier's snuff 
Ferripyrin 
3-8 gr. 
0.2-0.5 
Ferrum, i 
acetas 
r-S gr. 
1-10 gr. 
&~l gr- 
2-5 gr. 
4-5 gr. 
5-ro gr. 
1 to 5 pills 
1-10 gr. 
3-10 min. 
10-30 min. 
i-5 gr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
5-ro gr. 
3-ro gr. 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.6 
0.004-0.008 
0.13-0.3 
0.03-0.3 
0.3-0.6 
0.06-0.6 
0.2-0.6 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
4.0-16.0 
0.3-0.6 
0.2-0.6 
albuminas 
arsenas 
bromidum 
cacodylas 
carbonatis massa 
pilulae 
saccharatus 
chloridi liquor 
tinctura 
citras 
et ammonii acetatis liq- 
uor 
citras 
tartras 1274 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TNBLE-{Continued 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Ferrum et potassii tar- 
tras 
5-i 5 gr. 
5-io gr. 
5-io gr. 
i-5 gr. 
3-io gr. 
4 fl.oz. 
i-5 gr. 
i or 2 pills 
i-5 gr. 
5-30 min. 
i-5 gr- 
i-5 gr- 
1-2 fl.dr. 
i-5 gr- 
5-io gr. 
r-5 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
r-5 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
3-10 min. 
10-30 gr. 
r-5 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
i-5 gr- 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
30-80 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-0.6 
0.3-0.6 
0.06-0.3 
0.2-0.6 
120.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
4.0-8.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-0.6 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-1.3 
0.2-0.6 
0.2-0.6 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
4.0-8.O 
4.0-8.0 
2.0-5.0 
Iron and phosphorus compound. 
See Sumbul. 
Modified thiosinamin 
Fig. Laxative. 
Active principle of Aspidtum. 
See Aspidium. 
See Cocculus indicus. 
See Linum. 
See Erigeron. 
Fennel. Aromatic and carminative. 
37 per cent, aqueous solution of formalde- 
hyd. 
Formaldehyd. Product of partial oxidation 
of wood alcohol. Powerful disinfectant 
and deodorant. Used locally (2 per cent, 
solution) as antihydrotic. 
Brand name of solution of formaldehyd. 
See Potassii arsenitis liquor. 
See Digitalis. 
Buckthorn. Purgative. 
American Colombo. Bitter stomachic. 
See Manna. 
See Levulose. 
Fuchsin. Antiseptic, diuretic. 
Bladderwrack. Recommended for obesity. 
China clay. Native aluminum silicate. 
Absorbent powder. 
Galbanum. Expectorant and antispas- 
modic. 
Nutgall. Powerful local astringent. Oint- 
ment useful in hemorrhoids. 
Gambir. Astringent resembling catechu. 
Used in diarrhea. 
See Cambogia. 
See Allium. 
Wintergreen. Antiseptic, aromatic, and ac 
tive antirheumatic. Oil is almost pure 
methyl salicylate. 
quininte citras 
solubilis 
strychninae citras.... 
glycerophosphas 
hydroxido cum magnesii 
oxidum 
hy pophosphis 
iodidi pilulae 
saccharatum 
sy rupus 
lactas 
iactophosphas 
mistura composita 
oxalas 
peptonatum 
phosphas solubilis...... 
pyrophosphas solubilis.. 
reductum 
saccharatum 
salicy las 
subsulphas liquor 
succinas 
sulphas exsiccatum 
granulatum 
valeras 
vinum 
amarum 
Fersan 
Ferula sumbul 
Fibrolysin 
40 min. 
ad lib. 
5-i5 gr. 
2.4 
Ficus 
Filicic acid 
0.3-1.0 
Filix ids mas 
Fishberries 
Flaxseed 
Fleabane 
Foeniculum, i 
10-30 gr. 
ad lib. 
1-5 min. 
Externally 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
aqua 
oleum 
Formaldehydi liquor 
Formaldehydum, i 
Formalin Formol 
* 
Fowler's solution 
Foxglove 
Frangula, 
j-i dr. z 
2-8 gr. 
i-i fl.dr. 
15-30 gr. 
20-60 min. 
2.0-4.O 
O.I3-O.5 
2.0-4.O 
1.0-2.0 
i .3-4-0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Frasera, ® 
fluidextractum 
Fraxinus ornus 
F ructose 
Fuchsin 
1-3 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
Externally 
5-20 gr. 
20-60 min. 
1 to 5 pills 
5-20 gr. 
l-i fl.dr. 
Externally 
0.03-0.2 
4.0-8.0 
Fucus, i, vesiculosus, i.... 
Fuller's earth 
Galbanum, i 
0.3-1-3 
1.3-4-0 
0.3-1-3 
2.0-4.0 
fluidextractum 
pilulae 
Galla, ® 
tinctura 
unguentum 
Gambir (indeclinable).... 
tinctura compositus.... 
trochisci 
j-i fl.dr. 
1 occasionally 
2.0-4.O 
Gamboge 
Garlic 
Gaultheria, # 
oleum 
5-20 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
0.3-1.3 
4.O-8.O 
spiritus POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC 
1275 
TABLE-(Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. of C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Gelatinum, i 
ad lib. 
Gelatin. Blood coagulant in hemorrhage 
and aneurysm. Given by mouth or sub- 
cutaneously (2 per cent, solution), and by 
rectum (5 to 10 per cent, solution). For 
subcutaneous use must be sterilized, or 
glycerinatum 
Gelsemin 
Gelseminina, ce 
0.008-0.03 
0.0005-0.002 
tetanus may result. 
Glycerinated gelatin. Employed as a vehicle 
for suppositories. 
Resinoid from Gelsemium. 
Alkaloid from Gelsemium. 
i|o so Sr- 
tJWs gr. 
2-io gr. 
W gr.. 
2-io min. 
10-60 min. 
5-30 gr. 
2-io gr. 
5-30 min. 
3-1 fl.oz. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
10-60 gr. 
sulphas . 
Gelsemium, ii 
extractum 
fluidextractum. 
tinctura 
Gentiana, 6? 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
infusum compositum... 
tinctura composita 
Geosote 
Geranium, ii 
0.0005-0.002 
0.13-0.6 
0.03-0.25 
0.13-0.6 
0.6-4.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.13-0.6 
0.3-2.0 
15.0-30.0 
4.O-8.O 
O.6-4.O 
Yellow jasmin. Nerve sedative in neural- 
gia, myalgia, and spasmodic cough; also a 
mydriatic. 
Gentian. Non-astringent bitter. Useful 
for weak digestion and loss of appetite. 
See Guaiacolis valeras. 
Cranesbill. Active astringent. Used in 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
r-5 gr.. 
10-60 min. 
0.06-0.3 
O.6-4.O 
diarrhea. 
Ginger 
Ginseng 
Glandulae suprarenales 
siccae 
r-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 
See Zingiber. 
Panax quinquefolium. Demulcent. 
Suprarenal extract. Suprarenal glands of 
sheep, dried and powdered. Powerful 
vasoconstrictor. Useful in hemorrhage, 
piles, coryza, and hay-fever. Internally 
as an alterative in Addison's disease, ex- 
thyroideae siccae 
r-5 gr- 
0.06-0.3 
ophthalmic goiter, and rickets. See also 
Adrenalin. 
Thyroid extract. Thyroid glands of sheep, 
dried and powdered. Alterative in myx- 
edema, obesity, goiter, and certain skin 
diseases. 
Glauber's salts 
See Sodii sulphas. 
Glonoin 
Glyccrinum, i, supposi- 
toria 
3-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
See Glycerylis nitras. 
Glycerin. Emollient, sweetening agent, 
and vehicle. By enema or suppository 
Glycerylis nitras 
spiritus ..... 
gr. 
1-5 min. 
0.00032-0.003 
0.06-0.3 
for constipation. 
Nitroglycerin, glonoin, trinitrin. Powerful 
vasodilator and antispasmodic. Useful 
in high arterial tension, cardiac dyspnea, 
angina pectoris, asthma. Also recom- 
mended in hemorrhage from lungs. 
Licorice. Demulcent, flavoring agent, ex- 
pectorant, and vehicle. Compound lie- 
Glycyrrhiza, ce 
elixir 
15-60 gr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1.0-4.0 
4.O-8.O 
aromaticus 
et opii trochisci 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1 occasionally 
15-30 gr. 
l-i fl.dr. 
4.0-8.0 
1.0-2.0 
2.0-4.0 
orice powder (senna, 5; glycyrrhiza, 6; 
sulphur, 2; fennel oil, and sugar) is a use- 
ful laxative. Compound mixture, Brown 
mixture (acacia, 3; ext. glycyrrh., 3; tinct. 
mistura compositus.... 
pulvis compositus 
syrupus 
Glycyrrhizinum, i 
ammoniatum, i 
Goa powder 
Gold 
Golden-rod. 
Goldenseal 
Gomenol 
1-4 fl.dr. 
3-2 dr. 
ad lib. 
2-15 gr. 
4-8 min. 
4.0-16.0 
2.0-8.0 
0.13-1.0 
0.25-0.5 
opii camph., 12; vin. antimon., 6; spt. 
aether, nit., 3; syrup, mucilag., and water, 
q. s. ad 100); vehicle for ammonium 
chlorid. Demulcent and expectorant. 
Glycyrrhizin. Sweet principle of licorice. 
See Araroba. 
See Aurum. 
See Solidago. 
See Hydrastis. 
Oleum melaleuca viridiflora. Recommended 
Gonosan 
Gossypium, ii, cortex 
radicis fluidextractum.. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
3-2 dr. 
3-1 fl.dr. 
4.O-8.O 
2.0-8.0 
2.O-4.O 
in lung affections. 
Liquor santal cum kava. Recommended 
in gonorrhea. 
Cotton-root bark. Emmenagogue, oxytocic, 
uterine hemostatic; similar to ergot. 
decoctum 
Goulard's cerate 
1-2 fl.oz. 
30.0-60.0 
Plumbi subacetatis ceratum. See Plumbum. 
extractum 
Granatum, i 
fluidextractum 
Gray powder 
3-2 dr. 
3-1 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-4.0 
See Plumbi subacetatis liquor. 
Pomegranate. Vermifuge to tapeworms 
It contains pelletierin. 
See Hydrargyrum cum creta. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continued) 
1276 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Griffith's mixture 
See Ferri mistura composita. 
Grindelia, gum plant. Expectorant and 
antispasmodic. Useful in asthma and 
bronchitis. Fluidextract diluted with 
8 parts of water is very useful locally in 
rhus-poisoning. 
Sodium pyrocatechin monoacetate. Expec- 
torant. 
An important constituent of creosote. An- 
tiseptic, expectorant. Locally, anodyne 
and antipyretic. Recommended inter- 
nally in tuberculosis and purulent 
bronchitis. 
Grindelia, ce 
15-60 gr. 
5-io gr- 
15-60 min. 
10-30 gr. 
1.0-4.0 
O.3-O.6 
1.0-4.0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Guaiacetin 
Guaiacol, is 
benzoas 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-15 gr- 
5-15 gr- 
5-20 gr. 
3-10 min. 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1.3 
0.2-0.6 
carbonas 
cinnamas 
phosphas 
salicylas 
valeras 
Guaiacol-salol 
See Guaiacol salicylas. 
Guaiac. Alterative in chronic rheumatism 
and gout; emmenagogue. Useful in ton- 
sillitis. 
Guaiacum, i 
lignum 
j-i dr. 
j-i fl.oz. 
5-30 gr- 
2.0-4.O 
I5.0-3O.O 
O.3-2.0 
O.6-4.O 
O.3-2.0 
I.O-4.O 
2.0-8 0 
mistura 
resina 
tinctura 
ammoniata 
5-30 min. 
15-60 gr. 
5-2 fl.dr. 
15-60 min. 
Guarana, ce 
Paste of crushed seeds of Paullinia cupana. 
A nerve stimulant, especially useful in 
headache. Contains caffein. 
See Acacia. 
See Balsamum gurjun«. 
Used as a protective for small wounds and 
abrasions. 
Chaulmoogra oil. Used internally and ex- 
ternally in leprosy, psoriasis, and certain 
other skin diseases. Applied also in 
rheumatism. 
Witch-hazel bark and leaves. Recom- 
mended as a mild astringent in coryza, 
epistaxis, bleeding piles, etc.; also applied 
in bruises. Fluidextract used internally 
in varicose veins, hemorrhages. 
American pennyroyal. Carminative and 
emmenagogue. 
elixir 
fluidextractum 
1.0-4.0 
Gum arabic 
Gurjun balsam 
Gutta-percha, a, liquor... 
Gynocardiae oleum 
Externally 
5-15 min. 
15-60 gr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
15-60 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
1.0-4.0 
4.0-16.0 
1.0-4.0 
1.3-4.0 
1.0-4.0 
30.0-60.0 
0.13-0.6 
Hamamelidis cortex 
aqua 
folia 
fluidextractum 
Hedeoma, ce 
15-60 gr. 
inf usum 
oleum 
Hedonal 
10-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
i-S gr. 
fl.oz. 
Somnifacient, allied to urethan. 
Frostwort. Tonic, alterative, astringent. 
Helianthemum, i 
0.3-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
15.0-30.0 
extractum 
infusum 
Hellebore 
See Veratrum. 
Urinary disinfectant. Similar to hexa- 
methylenamin or urotropin. 
False unicorn root. Recommended as an 
aphrodisiac; also employed as an aborti- 
facient. 
Logwood. Astringent in diarrhea. Imparts 
pink color to stools. 
Helmitol 
75-15 gr. 
1-2 dr. 
j-x fl.dr. 
j-r dr. 
j-2 fl.oz. 
5-20 gr. 
0.5-1.0 
4.0-8.0 
2.0-4.0 
2.0-4.0 
15.0-60.0 
0.3-1.3 
Helonias, dioica, a 
fluidextractum 
Hematoxylon 
decoctum 
extractum 
Hemlock 
See Conium. 
Derivative of hemoglobin. Used in anemia. 
Derivative of hemoglobin. Used in anemia. 
See Apocynum. 
See Cannabis indica. 
See Hyoscyamus. 
Diacetylmorphin hydroMorid. Useful in 
cough, dyspnea, and asthma. 
Ammonioformaldehyd. Also known by 
various trade-names, such as urotropin, 
cystogen, formin, etc. Valuable as a 
urinary antiseptic. 
See jEtheris spiritus compositus. 
Holocain hydrochlorid. Local anesthetic 
like cocain. Used in 1 per cent, solution. 
Homatropin. Synthetic alkaloid. Myd- 
riatic (1 per cent, solution), antispas- 
modic, antihydrotic. 
Hemogallol 
4-8 gr. 
2-8 gr. 
0.25-0.5 
0.13-0.5 
Hemol 
Hemp, Canadian 
Indian 
Henbane 
Heroin hydrochloridum... 
Hexamethylenamina, «... 
Hoffmann's anodyne 
gr- 
5-15 gr. 
0.0025-0.005 
0.3-1.0 
Holocainae hydrochlori- 
dum 
Externally 
rhWngr. 
drWo gr. 
gr- 
Homatropina, « 
0.00032-0.0013 
0.00032-0.0013 
0.00032-0.0013 
0.00032-0.0013 
0.00032-0.0013 
hydrobromidum 
hydrochloridum 
salicylas . ... 
sulphas 
m-n'it gr. 
Honey 
See Mel. 
See Magnesii peroxidum. 
Hopogan i POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued) 
1277 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Hops 
Hordeum, i 
decoctum 
Horehound 
Horse-chestnut 
Horse-nettle 
Humulus, i 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Hydrangea, ® 
fluidextractum 
ad lib. 
ad lib. 
|-i dr. 
3-10 gr. 
15-60 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
5-1 dr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
2.0-4.O 
0.2-0.6 
I .O-4.O 
4.O-8.O 
2.0-4.O 
2.0-4.O 
See Humulus. 
Barley. Demulcent. 
See Marrubium. 
See Ais cuius hippocastanum. 
See Solanum carolinense. 
Hops. Bitter and sedative. 
Hydrangea. Sedative to urinary tract. 
Hydrargyrum, i 
Mercury, quicksilver. In the form of an oint- 
ment useful as an absorbent in glandular 
enlargements, syphilitic nodes, etc. In the 
form of mass of mercury or mercury with 
chalk, useful as a cathartic. Salts have 
valuable antisyphilitic, alterative, and 
antiseptic properties. Mild chlorid or 
calomel is employed as a cathartic and as 
a dusting-powder. Solution of the nitrate 
is a powerful caustic. Yellow wash and 
black wash are applied locally in syphilitic 
and other skin diseases. Subsulphate was 
formerly used as an emetic. 
acetas, atis..... 
ammoniatum, i 
Ari gr- 
in ointment 
0.006-0.03 
Mercury acetate. 
Ammoniated mercury. White precipitate. 
unguentum 
benzoas 
chloridum corrosivum.. 
Externally 
ArA gr- 
Aiff gr- 
0.0013-0.006 
0.002-0.006 
Corrosive sublimate, mercuric chlorid, mer- 
mite 
Ar5 gr- 
0.006-0.3 
cury bichlorid. 
Calomel, mild chlorid of mercury, mercurous 
chlorid. 
cum creta 
1-10 gr. 
0.065-0.65 
Mercury with chalk, gray powder. 
cyanidum 
iodidum flavum 
rubrum 
lotio flava 
A4 gr- 
5-1 gr. 
A~i gr- 
Externally 
0.002-0.008 
0.01-0.06 
0.002-0.008 
Mercury protiodid, yellow iodid of mercury. 
Mercury biniodid, red iodid of mercury. 
Yellow wash. 
nigra 
Externally 
0.06-0.6 
Black wash. 
massa 
1-10 gr. 
Mass of mercury, blue mass, blue pill. 
nitras 
liquor . 
unguentum 
Caustic 
Externally 
Mercuric nitrate. 
Acid solution of mercuric nitrate. 
Citrine ointment. 
oleatum 
oxidum flavum 
unguentum 
rubrum 
unguentum 
salicylas 
subsulphas 
succinimidum 
tannas 
unguentum 
dilutum 
Hydrastin 
Hydrastina, ® 
Hydrastininae hydrochlor- 
idum 
Hydrastis, is 
fluidextractum 
Externally 
Externally 
$-i gr- 
2-5 gr- 
(emetic) 
W gr. 
1-2 gr. 
Externally 
Externally. 
i-2 gr. 
s-i gr. 
14 gr. 
|-r dr. 
20-60 min. 
0.02-0.06 
0.13-0.3 
0.01-0.015 
0.065-0.13 
0.03-0.13 
0.008-0.03 
0.008-0.03 
1.0-4.0 
I-3-4-0 
Oleate of mercury (20 per cent.). 
Yellow oxid of mercury. 
Red oxid of mercury. 
Mercury salicylate. 
Yellow mercuric sulphate, turpeth mineral. 
Mercury tannate. 
Mercurial ointment (50 per cent.). 
Dilute mercurial ointment, blue ointment 
(33 per cent.).. 
Resinoid (eclectic). 
Alkaloid from hydrastin. Locally as an 
alterative in vaginitis and urethritis. 
Internally as a uterine hemostatic. 
Hydrastinm hydrochlorid. Artificial alka- 
loid from hydrastina. Internal hemo- 
static, especially in uterine hemorrhage. 
Goldenseal, yellowroot. Alterative, astrin- 
gent, hemostatic, stomachic. In catarrh 
glyceritum 
10 to 20 per 
cent, solution. 
of mucous membrane. 
tinctura 
Hydrogenii dioxidi aqua.. 
5-2 fl.dr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-4.0 
Solution of hydrogen dioxid (3 per cent, by 
weight). Non-poisonous antiseptic for 
mucous membranes and ulcerated sur- 
Hydroquinon 
1-5 gr. 
0.03-0.3 
faces. Rarely internally in gastric dis- 
turbances. 
Hydrochinon, quinol. Properties similar to 
those of resorcinol. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE - {Continued') 
1278 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Hyoscinae hydrobromidum 
sitnta gr- 
0.00032-0.00065 
Hyoscin hydrobromid. An alkaloid from 
hyoscyamus, belladonna, and other 
solanaceous plants. Somnifacient, seda- 
tive, and anaphrodisiac. 
Hyoscyaminae hydro- 
bromidum 
sulphas 
0.00032-0.00065 
0.00032-0.00065 
Hyoscyamin hydrobromid. An alkaloid 
from hyoscyamus, belladonna, and other 
solanaceous plants. Properties similar to 
2J0 Sr- 
2oir~io<y gr- 
Hyoscyamus, i 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
2-10 gr. 
i-i gr- 
2-5 min. 
0.13-0 65 
0.03-0.065 
0.12-0.3 
those of atropin. 
Hyoscyamus, henbane. An antispasmodic 
in asthma, laryngeal spasm, colic, and 
irritable affections of the bladder. 
tinctura 
Hypnal 
Ichthalbin 
Ichthargin 
5-60 min. 
10-15 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
0.5 to 5 Per 
cent, solution, 
0.3-4.0 
0.6-1.0 
0.3-2.0 
Compound of chloral and antipyrin. Som- 
nifacient. 
Ichthyol albuminate. A substitute for 
ichthyol. Internally as an alterative. _ 
Ichthyol-silver. Astringent and antiseptic. 
Ichthoform 
externally. 
2-15 gr. 
0.13-1.0 
Ichthyol-formaldehyd. Chiefly as a vul- 
Ichthyocolla, <2. 
3 dr. to 1 pint of 
nerary. Internally, as an antiseptic. 
Isinglass. Swimming bladder of certain 
Ichthyol, is 
water. 
5-30 gr- 
0.3-2.0 
fish. Used in jelly and plasters. 
Ammonium sulpho-ichthyolate. A distillate 
of bituminous shale of fish origin, contain- 
ing 8 per cent, of sulphur. Locally in 
ointment or glycerin suspension (5 to 50 
per cent.) as alterative in inflammatory 
affections of skin, glands, and joints and 
gynecologic diseases. Internally as an 
alterative in tuberculosis, rheumatism, etc. 
Ignatia, a 
extractum 
tinctura 
Ilex 
paraguayensis 
1-4 gr. 
i-i gr.. 
3-20 min. 
0.065-0.25 
0.008-0.016 
0.2-1.3 
Bean of St. Ignatia. Similar to nux vomica. 
Holly. 
Paraguay tea, mate. Contains one-fourth 
as much caffein as tea. 
Indian hemp 
tobacco. 
dr. 
5-i5 gr- 
See Apocynum cannabinum. 
See Lobelia. 
Indigo 
Ingluvin 
1.0-4.0 
0.3-1.0 
Recommended as an antispasmodic. 
A substitute for pepsin; said to be prepared 
from the gizzard of the fowl. Especially 
Inula, a 
extractum 
J-i dr. 
5-20 gr. 
1.0-4.0 
0.3-1.3 
recommended in vomiting of pregnancy. 
Elecampane. Contains inulin, allied to 
starch, and helenin. Useful in catarrhal 
affections of chest and bowel. 
lodin 
lodipin 
1-4 dr. (10 
4.0-16.0 
See lodum. 
lodinol. An addition product (10 and 25 
per cent.) by 
mouth. 
per cent.) of iodin and sesame oil. Sub- 
stitute for iodids. 
lodoformum, i 
lodolum, i 
lodothyrin. 
l-i dr. (25 
per cent.) hy- 
podermically. 
1-5 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
5-ro gr. 
1.0-4.0 
0.03-0.3 
0.065-0.2 
O.3-O.6 
Iodoform, triiodomethane. Externally as 
an antiseptic, sedative, and alterative in 
venereal and other sores. In powder, 
pure or diluted. Internally, recom- 
mended as an alterative in phthisis. _ 
Iodol, tetraiodopyrrol. Substitute for iodo- 
form, containing 89 per cent, of iodin.. 
The supposed active body in thyroid 
lodum, i 
gr- 
0.003-0.006 
gland. Same uses as latter. 
lodin. Alterative and antisyphilitic. Ex- 
ternally as a counterirritant in the form 
of tincture or ointment. 
liquor compositus 
Lugol's solution (iodin, 5; potassium iodid, 
10; water, q. s. 100). 
tinctura 
(Churchill) 
decolorata. 
1-5 min. 
Externally 
0.06-0.3 
7 per cent, iodin. 
i6| per cent, iodin with potassium iodid. 
unguentum 
ipecacuanha, <2.... 
1-2 gr. expec- 
torant 
0.016-0.13 
4 per cent. 
Ipecac. Expectorant, emetic, anti-emetic, 
stomachic, and antidysenteric. Contains 
duidextractum 
15_3° gr. emetic 
1-3 min. 
15-30 min. 1 
1.0-2.0 
0.03-0.12 
1.0-2.0 
emetin and cephaelin. 1279 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Ipecacuanha pulvis et opii 
syrupus 
5-15 gr. 
5-20 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
5-15 min. 
5-15 min. 
10-20 gr. 
i-5 gr- 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1-3 
4.0-16.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.65-1.3 
0.06-0.3 
Dover's powder. Diaphoretic and anodyne 
tinctura et opii 
vinum 
Iris, iridis 
Blue-flag. Cathartic and supposed chola- 
gogue. 
Orris root. Chiefly for perfume. 
extractum 
florentina 
Irish moss 
Iron 
Isinglass 
See Ichthyocolla. 
Trichlorisopropyl alcohol. Crystalline sub- 
stance, sparingly soluble in water. Som- 
nifacient. Less toxic than chloral. 
See Ar genii citras. 
A proprietary name for an emulsion of 
cresols 'rrm coal-tar. Active disinfect- 
ant and germicide. 
See Pilocarpus. 
Jalap. Hydragogue, cathartic. Especially 
useful in dropsy. 
(Jalap, 35; potassium bitartrate, 65.) 
Isopral 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 
Itrol 
Izal 
■. j 
Jaborandi 
■■ 
Jalapa, ® 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
1.0-4.0 
i .3-4-° 
0.065-0.3 
0.2-4.0 
fluidextractum 
pulvis compositus 
20-60 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
J-i fl.dr. 
resina 
tinctura compositus.... 
Jamaica dogwood 
See Piscidia erythrina. 
Java plum. Recommended as an altera- 
tive in diabetes. 
See Antimonial powder. 
See Stramonium. 
Jambul 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
James' powder 
Jamestown weed 
Jasmin, yellow 
See Gelsemium. 
Jequirity 
Jequiritol, Indian licorice. Contains abrin. 
A 3 per cent, solution is used locally in 
chronic conjunctivitis. 
See Stramonium. 
Jimson weed 
Juglandin 
2-5 gr. 
|-i dr. 
5-ro gr. 
15-60 gr. 
0.13-0.3 
2.0-4.O 
O.3-O.6 
I.O-4.O 
15.0-60.0 
O.3-I.O 
2.0-4.O 
4.O-16.O 
4.0-8.0 
4.0-8.0 
Extractive from butternut. 
Juglans, dis 
Butternut. Cathartic. 
extractum 
Juniperus, i 
Juniper. Diuretic. 
infusum 
oleum 
5-15 min. 
|-i fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
spiritus 
Oil of juniper (5 in 100). 
compositus 
Kamala, a 
Rottlera. Vermifuge for tapeworm. 
fluidextractum 
1-2 fl.dr. 
Kaolinum, i, cataplasma.. 
Kefir 
Kaolin, aluminum silicate, pipe-day, fullers' 
earth. Mixed with glycerin, it is used for 
poultices. 
Keratin 
Horn substance. An ammoniacal or acetous 
Kermes mineral 
solution is used to coat pills intended to 
pass into the bowel unchanged by the 
gastric juice. 
See Antimonium sulphuratum. 
Contains 75 per cent, tannin. Astringent 
in diarrhea. 
Kino (indeclinable) 
5-20 gr. 
^-2 fl.dr. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
0.3-1-3 
2.0-8.0 
tinctura 
compositus 
2.0-8.0 
Kola, cb 
Kola or cola nut. Contains caffein. Stimu- 
tinctura 
20-60 min. 
1.3-4-0 
16.0-32.0 
last. 
vinum 
4-8 fl.dr. 
Kousso 
See Brayera. 
Rhatany. Contains 20 per cent, tannin. 
Astringent. 
Krameria, ce 
5-30 gr. 
5-ro gr. 
5-30 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
1 occasionally 
5-ro gr. 
5-15 gr- 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-0.6 
0.3-2.0 
4.0-16.0 
2.0-8.0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
syrupus 
tinctura 
trochisci 
Kryofin 
0.3-0.6 
0.3-1.0 
A phenetidin compound resembling phenac- 
etin. Antineuralgic and antipyretic. 
Lactyl-phenetidin. Antineuralgic and anti- 
pyretic. 
See Saccharum lactis. 
Lactophenin 
Lactose 
Lactucarium, ii 
10-20 gr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
0.6-1.3 
4.0-16.0 
I ^3-4-0 
Juice of wild lettuce. Mild sedative and 
anodyne. 
syrupus 
tinctura 
20-60 min. 
Ladies'-slipper 
See Cypripedium. 
See Adeps lance. 
Lanolin... 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE - {Continued) POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC 
1280 
TABLE - (Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Lappa, (R 
|-i dr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-1 fl.dr. 
2.0-4.O 
O.3-1.3 
2.0-4.O 
Burdock. Internally as an alterative in 
rheumatism, gout, chronic skin diseases; 
externally as a vulnerary. 
See Ddphina. 
See Opii tinctura, under Opium. 
See Opii vinum, under Opium 
Cherry-laurel leaves (0.1 per cent, hydro- 
cyanic acid). 
Lavender. Carminative in gastralgia, colic, 
etc., and flavoring agent. 
See Plumbum. 
Phosphorus constituent of nerve substance 
and yolk of egg. Recommended as a 
nerve tonic. 
See Limon. 
Culver's root. Active cathartic. 
Resinoid (eclectic). Action like that of 
podophyllin. 
See Santonica. 
Fruit-sugar, fructose, diabetin. Substitute 
for cane-sugar in diabetes. 
Levuretin. Dehydrated yeast. Recom- 
mended for boils, other septic infections, 
and for diabetes. 
See Glycyrrhiza. 
See Convallaria. 
See Calx. 
Lemon. Juice is refrigerant, antiscorbutic, 
and antirheumatic. Peel and juice, 
flavoring agents. 
Linseed, flaxseed. Demulcent. Used for poul- 
tices. Infusion for inflammatory conditions 
of genito-urinary and respiratory tracts. 
Flaxseed meal. 
Olive oil with 5 per cent, oleic acid. Sub- 
stitute for cod-liver oil. 
Proprietary preparation similar to liquor 
antisepticus. 
Lithium. The action of the lithium salts is 
very similar to that of the corresponding 
salts of potassium. The alkaline salts 
have been especially recommended in 
chronic rheumatism and gout. 
Lobelia, Indian tobacco. Expectorant, anti- 
spasmodic, emetic. Especially useful in 
asthma. 
Impure resinoid (eclectic). 
Alkaloid of lobelia. 
See Hematoxylon. 
lodin compound with properties like those 
of iodoform. 
lodin compound containing 80 per cent, 
iodin. 1 or 2 per cent, solution in para- 
sitic skin diseases. 
See lodi liquor compositus. 
Lupulin. A glandular powder from hops. 
Mild antispasmodic and soporific. 
See Humulus. 
Dimethylpiperazin tartrate. Recommended 
as a solvent of uric acid in gout. 
Puff-ball. For surgical dressings and as a 
local hemostatic. 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Larkspur 
Laudanum 
Sydenham's 
Laurocerasi folia 
3-i5 gr. 
5-2 fl.dr. 
0.2-1.0 
2.0-8.0 
aqua 
Lavandula, ® 
oleum 
1-5 min. 
20-60 min. 
20-60 min. 
0.06-0.3 
1.3-4.0 
I.3-4.O 
spiritus 
tinctura compositus.... 
Lead 
Lecithin 
1-2 gr. 
0.065-0.13 
Lemon 
Leptandra, (R 
15-60 gr. 
i-5 gr-. 
10-60 min. 
1-3 gr. 
1.0-4.0 
0.065-0.3 
O.6-4.O 
0.016-0.2 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Leptandrin 
Levant wormseed 
Levulose 
1 ounce per day 
j-2 dr. 
30.0 per day 
2.0-8.0 
Levurin 
Licorice 
Lily-of-the-valley 
Lime 
Limon, is 
oleum 
1-5 min. 
5-2 fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
0.06-0.3 
2.0-8.0 
4.0-16.0 
spiritus 
sy rupus 
Linum, i 
farina 
infusum compositum... 
oleum 
j-2 fl.oz. 
j-i fl.oz. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
J-2 fl.dr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-10 gr. 
5-10 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
1-3 gr. expector- 
ant 
10-20 gr. emetic 
2-10 min. 
20-30 min. 
5-30 min. 
30-60 min. 
i-i gr. 
i-r gr. 
15.0-60.0 
15-0-30.0 
4.0-8.0 
2.0-8.O 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-0.6 
0.3-0.6 
0.2-0.6 
0.3-1.3 
0.3-1-3 
0.065-0.2 
O.6-1.3 
0.13-0.6 
1.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
2.0-4.0 
0.03-0.06 
0.01-0.06 
Lipanin 
Listerin 
Lithium, ii, benzoas 
bromidum 
carbonas 
citras .. 
iodidum 
salicylas 
tartras acidus 
Lobelia, ce 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Lobelin 
Lobelinae sulphas 
Logwood 
Loretin 
Externally 
Externally 
Losophan 
Lugol's solution 
Lupulinum, i 
5-i5 gr. 
5-30 min. 
2-5 gr. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.13-0.3 
2.0-8.0 
fluidextractum 
oleoresin 
tinctura 
Lupulus 
Lycetol 
Lycoperdon 
5-20 gr. 
Externally 
0.3-1 -3 POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC 
1281 
TABLE - {Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Lycopodium, ii 
5-20 gr. 
j-1 fl.dr. 
0.3-1.3 
1.0-4.0 
Lycopodium, club-moss. Externally as a 
protective. Internally, recommended in 
dyspepsia and irritation of urinary organs. 
50 per cent, solution of ethylene-ethenyl- 
diamin. Recommended in gout. 
A liquid formaldehyd-potash soap. 
Mace. Carminative. Similar to nut- 
meg. 
Cimicifugin (eclectic). Resin from cimici- 
fuga. Antispasmodic, antirheumatic, 
uterine sedative. 
See Rubia. 
See Morphince sulphas liquor. 
See Magnesii oxidum. 
Milk of magnesia. Antacid and laxative. 
See Magnesii oxidum ponderosum. 
Calcined magnesia. 
Heavy calcined magnesia. 
tinctura 
Lysidin 
10-30 min. 
5-15 gr. 
Externally 
5-20 gr. 
J-2 gr. 
bi tartrate 
0.3-1.0 
Lysoform 
Macis, idis 
0.3-1.3 
0.03-0.13 
Macrotin 
Madder 
Magendie's solution 
Magnesia, a 
magma. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
4.0-16.0 
ponderosa 
Magnesii oxidum....... 
4-2 dr. 
ponderosum 
peroxidum . 
1.0-4.0 
salicylas 
10-30 gr. 
sulphas 
4.0-24.0 
4.0-32.0 
Epsom salts. 
effervescens 
1-8 dr. 
Magnesium, ii 
Magnesium. The oxid and carbonate are 
used as antacid laxatives. The citrate 
and sulphate are hydragogue purgatives. 
The latter is also useful in lead-poisoning 
and by intraspinal injection (15 min. of 
25 per cent, solution for each 20 pounds 
of body weight) in tetanus. The glycero- 
phosphate and hypophosphate are em- 
ployed as tonics. 
See Zea. 
See Ustilago maydis. 
Salicyl-paraphenetidin. Rheumatism and 
neuralgia. 
See Aspidium. 
Malt. Dried, partially germinated barley. 
Digestant. 
benzoas 
5-i5 gr. 
10-20 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
0.6-1.3 
bromidum 
carbonas 
citras effervescens 
1-2 dr. 
4.O-8.O 
180.0-360.0 
citratis liquoris 
6-12 fl.oz. 
glycerophosphas 
3-10 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
hypophosphis 
0.2-0.6 
Maidis stigmata 
ustilago 
Malakin 
}-i dr. 
2.0-4.O 
Malefern 
Maltum, i 
1-2 dr. 
4.O-8.O 
4.O-16.O 
4.O-16.O 
extractum 
1-4 dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
liquidum 
Mandrake 
See Podophyllum. 
Manganese. Recommended as an aid to 
iron in anemia; also used in amenorrhea. 
Manganum, i 
carbonas 
5-20 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
1-10 gr. 
r-5 gr. 
1-10 gr. 
2-8 dr. 
0.3-1-3 
0.06--0.3 
0.2-0.6 
0.06-0.6 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.6 
citras 
dioxidum praecipitatum. 
hypophosphis 
phosphas 
sulphas 
Manna, tr 
8.0-32.0 
8.0-32.0 
0.06-0.13 
Manna. Laxative. 
Manna sugar. 
Hexanitrin. Similar to nitroglycerin. 
Arrow-root. Starchy food and. demulcent. 
Mannite 
Mannitol nitras 
1-2 gr. 
ad lib. 
Maranta, oe............. 
Marigold 
Marrubium, ii 
1 dr. 
2.0-4.O 
O.3-O.6 
2.0-4.O 
Horehound. Expectorant, stomachic, and 
diuretic. 
extractum 
5-ro gr. 
3-1 fl.dr. 
fluidextractum 
Marshmallow 
Mastiche, es 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 » 
Mastic, resin mastic. Corrective of aloes. 
Aromatic. 
See Ilex Paraguayensis. 
Matico. Used locally to arrest hemorrhage; 
internally as a stimulant diuretic in in- 
flammatory diseases of urinary organs. 
German chamomile. Astringent, stomachic. 
Mate 
Matico (indeclinable) 
fluidextractum 
15-60 gr. 
J-i fl.dr. 
1.0-4.0 
1.0-4.0 
4.0-16.0 
2.0-4.O 
Matricaria, ce 
1-4 dr. 
|-i fl.dr. 
fluidextractum 
May-apple 
See Podophyllum. 
See Colchicum. 
Bone-marrow. Recommended in pernicious 
anemia. 
Honey. Demulcent, laxative, and nutri- 
tive. 
Clarified honey. 
Honey of rose. 
Cajuput. See under Cajuputi. 
Balm. Refreshing drink in fever. 
Meadow saffron 
Medulla ossium rubra.... 
Mel, Us 
2-4 dr. 
ad lib. 
8.0-16.0 
depuratum 
ad lib. 
rosae 
3-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
Melaleuca leucodendron. . 
Melissa, a.............. 
4-1 dr. 
1.0-4.0 
30.0-60.0 
1.0-4.0 
2.0-4.0 
infusum 
1-2 fl.oz. 
Menispermum, i 
j-1 dr. 
Yellow parilia, Canadian moonseed. Stom< 
achic and alterative. 
fluidextractum 
J-i fl.dr. 1282 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE - (Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Menthae, «, piperita, «... 
aqua 
J-i dr. 
1-8 fl.dr. 
1.0-4.0 
4.0-32.0 
Peppermint. Aromatic carminative and 
flavoring agent. Oil, externally, local 
oleum 
spiritus 
viridis 
1-5 min. 
10-40 min. 
j-1 dr. 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-1.6 
1.0-4.0 
anesthetic. 
Spearmint. Same uses as peppermint. 
aqua 
oleum 
spiritus 
Menthol 
1-8 fl.dr. 
1-5 min. 
10-40 min. 
3-2 gr. 
4.0-32.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-1.6 
0.03-0.13 
Peppermint camphor. Locally as an anes- 
thetic in headache, neuralgia, and pru- 
ritus. Internally as a gastric seda- 
tive. 
Buckbean or bogbean. Bitter tonic, em- 
menagogue, and vermifuge. 
Mercury nucleinate. Internally in syphilis. 
Locally (0.5 to 5 per cent, solution) in 
gonorrhea and conjunctivitis. 
See Hydrargyrum. 
Trade name of an ester of salicylic acid. 
Menyanthes trifoliata. ... 
infusum 
Mercurol. 
Mercury 
Mesotan 
15-30 gr. 
2-4 fl.oz. 
i~3 gr- 
Externally 
1.0-2.0 
60.0-120.0 
0.015-0.2 
Used locally diluted with 1 or 2 parts of 
olive oil. 
Methyl alcohol 
Wood-alcohol. 
atropin bromid 
chloridum 
Externally 
See Atropince methylbromidum. 
Methyl chlorid. Used in liquid form as a 
local anesthetic. 
morphin 
salicylas 
Methylene bichlorid 
Methylene-blue 
Methylthioninae hydro- 
chloridum 
10-30 min. 
1-6 gr. 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.4 
See Codeina. 
Methyl salicylate. Synthetic oil of winter- 
green. Internally and locally in rheu- 
matic conditions. Flavoring agent. 
General anesthetic. Dangerous. 
See Methylthionince hydrochloridum. 
Methylene-blue. Internally, urinary anti- 
septic in gonorrhea; antimalarial in place 
of quinin, and analgesic in neuralgic pain. 
It colors the urine blue. 
Mezereum, i 
fluidextract um 
unguentum 
1-10 gr . 
1-10 min. 
Externally 
0.06-0.6 
0.06-0.6 
Mezereon. Externally, irritant, like can- 
tharides; internally, recommended as 
alterative in syphilis, chronic rheumatism, 
and skin diseases. 
Mica, «, panis 
Milk-sugar 
Molasses 
Monkshood 
Monsel's salt 
solution 
Mori succus 
syrupus 
Morphina, « 
acetas 
hydrochloridum 
sulphas 
liquor 
pulvis compositus.... 
Moschus, i 
ad lib. 
ad lib. 
14 gr- 
14 gr. 
1-1 gr. 
1-1 gr.. 
5-10 min. 
5-ro gr. 
5-i5 gr. 
0.008-0.016 
0.008-0.016 
0.008-0.016 
0.008-0.016 
O.3-O.6 
O.3-O.6 
0.3-1.0 
Bread-crumbs. 
See Saccharum lactis. 
See Syrupus fuscus. 
See Aconitum. 
See Ferri subsulphas. 
See Ferri subsulphas liquor, under Ferrum. 
Mulberry juice. Laxative. 
Morphin. Chief alkaloid of opium. Som- 
nifacient, analgesic, and antispasmodic. 
Less nauseating, constipating, and sudo- 
rific in its effects than opium. 
Magendie's solution (4 per cent.). 
Tully's powder (morph, sulph., 1.5; cam- 
phor, 32; licorice, 33; calc, carb., 33.5). 
Musk. General stimulant. 
Moss, Irish 
Mucuna, «, pruriens 
i-3 gr. 
0.06-0.2 
See Chondrus. 
Cowage. Vermifuge for round-worms. 
Mullein 
Musk root 
Mustard 
Mydriasin 
See V erbascum. 
See Sumbid. 
See Sinapis. 
See Atropina methylbromid. 
Myrcia, « 
oleum. 
Bayberry. Stimulant and perfume. 
spiritus 
Myristica, « 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-1.3 
Bay-rum. 
Nutmeg. Aromatic, carminative, stimu- 
oleum 
spiritus 
Myrrha, ® 
fluidextractum 
tinctura.. 
1-3 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 mm. 1 
10-60 min. 
0.06-0.2 
4.O-8.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.6-4.0 
lant. 
Myrrh. Locally, much used in washes for 
inflammatory conditions of mouth and 
gums. Internally, recommended in bron- 
chitis, amenorrhea; also used as an ad- 
juvant to aloes and rhubarb in constipa- 
tion. 
Chief constituent of oil of myrtle. Expec 
Myrtol 
3-10 min. 
0.2-0.6 
torant similar to eucalyptol. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE - {Continued) 
1283 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
NaphthaHnum, i 
i-5 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
3-10 gr- 
i-1 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
Externally 
0.06-0.3 
0.2-0.6 
0.2-0.6 
0.2-0.6 
0.008-0.06 
0.06-0.2 
N aphthalin, tar camphor. Externally, an- 
tiseptic and stimulant in skin diseases; 
internally, intestinal disinfectant and 
vermifuge. 
Benzonaphthol. Same uses as naphthalin. 
Betanaphthol. Same uses as naphthalin. 
Betol. Antiseptic and antirheumatic. 
Narcein. An alkaloid of opium. Soporific 
action less powerful than that of morphin. 
An alkaloid of opium. Action like that of 
morphin, but weaker. 
Compound nucleinic acid with silver (10 
per cent, silver). Substitute for silver 
nitrate. 
See Oleum bubulum. 
Bebeeru bark. Contains a bitter principle, 
berberin. Tonic and antiperiodic. 
A cetylpara-oxyphenyl-urethan. Recom- 
mended as an antipyretic and antineu- 
ralgic. 
Bromodiethyl-acetamid (40 per cent, bromin) 
Sedative and anticonvulsant. 
Nickel. 
Nickel bromid. Nerve sedative. 
Nickel sulphate. Astringent. Recom- 
mended in anemia. 
Nicotin. Liquid alkaloid from tobacco. 
Recommended as an anticonvulsant. 
See Cactus grandiflorus. 
See Potassium nitras. 
See Amylis nitris. 
See Glycerylis nitras. 
Laughing-gas. General anesthetic. 
Tetraiodophenolphthalein (60 per cent, 
iodin). Antiseptic. Iodoform substitute. 
Methylene-citrylsalicylic acid. Recom- 
mended in rheumatic affections. 
Ester of benzoic acid. Substitute for cocain. 
Nucleol. Compound of nucleinic acid 00- 
tained from yeast. Recommended in 
tuberculosis and other infections. 
See Galla. 
See Myristica. 
Nux vomica, Quaker button. Contains 
strychnin and brucin. Stimulates the 
respiratory center, the circulation, the 
digestive tract, and central nervous sys- 
tem. Toxic doses cause symptoms re- 
sembling those found in tetanus. Useful 
in atonic dyspepsia, constipation from in- 
testinal atony, incontinence of urine from 
atony of the bladder, certain forms of 
paralysis, in emphysema and pneumonia, 
and in various forms of heart failure. 
See Quercus alba. 
Ethereal oil. An ethereal solution of a 
product of the distillation of alcohol and 
sulphuric acid. 
Oil of bitter almond. Contains 2 to 4 per 
cent, of hydrocyanic acid. Equivalent to 
benzaldehyd. 
Oil of sweet almonds. 
Oil of sweet birch. Similar to oil of winter- 
green and methyl salicylate. Antirheu- 
matic. 
Neat's-foot oil. Obtained from the feet of 
the ox. Laxative and a substitute for 
cod-liver oil. 
Oil of juniper tar. Stimulant and antipara- 
sitic in skin diseases. 
Cajuput oil. Rubefacient, carminative, 
and expectorant. 
Oil of American wormseed. Vermifuge for 
round-worms. 
Gray oil (mercury, 39; mercurial ointment, 
2; vaselin oil, 59). Subcutaneously in 
syphilis. 
Naphthol, benzo- 
beta- 
Naphtho-salol 
Narceina, cb 
Narcotina, cb 
Nargol 
Neat's-foot oil 
Nectandra, cb 
2-8 gr. 
5-20 min. 
5-i5 gr- 
10-20 gr. 
0.13-0.5 
o-3-r-3 
0.3-1.0 
0.6-1.3 
fluidextractum 
Neurodin 
Neuronal 
Niccolum, i 
bromidum 
2-8 gr. 
5-2 gr. 
6-1 gr. 
0.13-0.5 
0.03-0.13 
0.01-0.06 
sulphas 
Nicotina, cb 
Night-blooming cereus.... 
Niter 
Nitrite of amyl 
Nitroglycerin 
Nitrous oxid 
Inhalation 
3-8 gr. 
10-20 gr. 
F1 gr- 
10-15 gr. 
Nosophen 
0.2-0.5 
0.6-1.3 
0.013-0.06 
0.6-1.0 
Novaspirin 
Novocain 
Nuclein 
Nutgall 
Nutmeg 
Nux, cis, vomica, cb 
5-4 gr. 
W gr. 
1-3 min. 
5-20 min. 
0.03-0.26 
0.008-0.03 
0.06-0.2 
0.3-1-3 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Oak, white 
Oleum aethereum 
amygdalae amarae 
j-|min. 
1-6 fl.dr. 
5-20 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
Externally 
1-10 min. 
1-10 min. 
1-2 gr. 
0.016-0.03 
4.0-24.0 
0.3-1-3 
4.0-16.0 
expressum 
betulae 
bubulum 
cadinum 
cajuputi 
0.06-0.6 
0.06-0.6 
0.06-0.13 
chenopodii 
cinereum POSOLOGIC AND 
THERAPEUTIC TABLE - (Continued) 
1284 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Oleum crotonis 
erigerontis 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.3 
See Oleum tiglii. 
Oil of Canada fleabane. Hemostatic and 
diuretic. 
gaultheria; 
5--20 min. 
0.3-1.3 
Oil of wintergreen. Equivalent to methyl 
salicylate. Antirheumatic. 
gynocardue 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.3 
Chaulmoogra oil. From seeds of Gy nocardia 
odorata. Leprosy and chronic rheuma- 
tism. 
juniperi 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 
Oil of juniper berries. Stimulant diuretic 
and carminative. 
lini 
morrhuae 
1-4 fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
4.0-16.0 
4.0-16.0 
Linseed oil. 
Cod-liver oil. Alterative and nutrient. 
neroli 
olivae 
phosphoratum 
1-8 fl.dr. 
1-5 min. 
4.0-32.0 
0.06-0.3 
Oil of orange flowers. 
Olive oil. Nutrient and laxative. Recom- 
mended for gall-stones and gastric hyper- 
acidity. 
Phosphorated oil, B. P. (1 per cent.). 
Tonic. It is recommended in rickets 
and scrofula. 
picis. 
pini pumilionis... 
3-10 min. 
0.2-0.6 
Oil of tar. 
Oil of mountain pine. Expectorant, chiefly 
by inhalation. 
sylvestris 
3-10 min. 
0.2-0.6 
Oil of Scotch fir. Expectorant, especially 
by inhalation. 
ricini 
1-4 fl.dr. 
4.0-16.0 
Castor oil. Cathartic. 
rosae 
rusci pyroligneum 
Otto or atiar of rose. For perfumes. 
Birch tar. Externally in chronic skin dis- 
eases. 
rutae 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 
Oil of rue. Powerful irritant and aborti- 
facient. 
sabinae 
1-5 min. 
0.06-0.3 
Oil of savine. Powerful irritant and aborti- 
facient. 
san tali 
5-15 min. 
0.3-1.0 
Oil of sandal-wood. Expectorant, stimu- 
sesami 
1-8 fl.dr. 
4.0-32.0 
lant diuretic, and urinary antiseptic. 
Sesame oil, benne oil. Laxative, nutrient, 
emollient. Substitute for olive oil. 
sinapis volatile 
staphisagriae 
AH min. 
Externally 
0.005-0.01 
Volatile oil of mustard. Active rubefacient. 
Mainly externally. 
Oil of stavesacre seeds. Externally for lice 
(1 to 8 of olive oil). 
succini 
terebinthinae 
rectificatum 
theobromatis 
tiglii 
1-5 min. 
Externally 
5-20 min. 
j-2 min. 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-1.3 
0.03-0.12 
Oil of amber. Irritant, antispasmodic. 
Recommended especially for whooping- 
cough and hiccup. 
Oil of turpentine. Rubefacient. 
Rectified oil of turpentine. Stimulant ex- 
pectorant, diuretic; also vermifuge (4 dr.). 
Oil of theobroma, cacao-butter. Emollient. 
Croton oil. Rubefacient and drastic ca- 
thartic. 
Opium, ii 
ba gr- 
0.03-0.13 
Opium. Inspissated juice of poppy. Con- 
tains morphin (9 per cent.), codein, narco- 
tin, and narcein. Depresses the cerebrum 
and respiratory center, diminishes secre- 
tions, except that of skin, and lessens 
peristalsis. Valuable in relieving severe 
pain, producing sleep, allaying cough, and 
checking diarrhea; also of service in dia- 
betes and for its calmative effect in in- 
ternal hemorrhage. 
acetum 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1.3 
Vinegar of opium, black drop. 
extractum 
i-i gr. 
0.016-0.06 
granulatum 
i-2 gr. 
0.03-0.13 
pilulae 
pulvis 
tinctura 
camphorata 
1 or 2 pills 
|-2 gr. _ 
5-20 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
0.03-0.13 
0.3-1-3 
4.0-16.0 
Laudanum. 
Paregoric. 
deodorati 
vinum 
5-20 min. 
5-20 min. 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-1-3 
Wine of opium, Sydenham's laudanum. 
Orange-peel 
Orexin tannate 
4-8 gr. 
0.26-0.5 
See Aurantii cortex. 
Recommended as a stomachic. 
Orphol 
8-30 gr. 
0.5-2.0 
Bismuth betanaphtholate. Gastro-intestinal 
Orris root 
Orthoform 
Ouabain 
i-3 gr. 
loVo-zin gr- 
0.06-0.2 
0.00006-0.00026 
antiseptic and astringent. 
See Iris florentina. 
An ester of benzoic acid. Local anesthetic. 
Internally in ulcer of stomach. 
Glucosid from ouabaio wood. Action like 
that of strophanthin. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continued} 
1285 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Ovariin 
Ovoferrin 
Ox-gall 
Oxymel 
Palladii hydrochloridum.. 
Pancreatinum, i 
Pansy 
Papain 
Paraform 
Paraldehydum, i 
Paregoric 
Pareira, ce............... 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Paris green 
Parsley 
Pearson's arsenical sol.. .. 
3-6 gr. 
2-4 fl.dr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
5-10 min. 
5-10 gr. 
2-5 gr- 
J-i fl.dr. 
7-1 dr. 
5-20 gr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
0.2-0.4 
8.0-16.0 
4.O-8.O 
O.3-O.6 
O.3-O.6 
0.13-0.3 
0.2-4.0 
2.0-4.O 
0.3-1-3 
2.0-4.O 
Dried cows' ovaries. Alterative in dis- 
orders of ovaries. 
A protein preparation of iron. 
See Fei bovis. 
Honey, 8; acetic acid, 1; water, 1. Used in 
cough mixtures. 
Palladium chlorid. Alterative in tubercu- 
losis (3 per cent, solution). 
Pancreatin. Mixture of ferments from 
pancreas. Digestant. 
See Viola. 
Papayotin. Digestive principle of papaw. 
Digestant; locally, solvent of false mem- 
brane. 
Trioxy methylene, polymerized formaldehyd. 
When heated, yields formaldehyd. 
Paraldehyd. Active somnifacient. 
See Opii tinctura camphor ata. 
Pareira brava. Diuretic similar to buchu. 
Inflammatory conditions of urinary or- 
gans. 
Ace'to-arsenite of copper. 
See Apium petroselinum. 
A weak solution (1 : 600) of sodium arse- 
nate. 
Pelletierin. Alkaloid of pomegranate root 
bark. Efficient remedy for tapeworm. 
See Pyrethrum. 
See Hedeoma. 
Pumpkin seeds. A remedy for tapeworm. 
See Capsicum. 
See Mentha piperita. 
Pepsin. Ferment from stomach of pig. 
Digestant. 
An artificial alkaloid prepared from mor- 
phin. A mild sedative and analgesic. 
See Cinchona. 
Trade name of a "modified" mineral oil. 
Vehicle. 
Petroleum jelly. Emollient. 
White petroleum jelly. 
Liquid paraffin. Emollient spray and 
vehicle. 
Trade name of acetphenetidin. Analgesic 
and antipyretic. 
See Antipyrina. 
A derivative of acetphenetidin, with similar 
action. 
Carbolic acid. Antiseptic, escharotic, local 
anesthetic. 
Laxative. 
See Acetanilidum. 
See Or exin. 
See Phenol. 
Acetophenone, hypnone. Somnifacient. 
See Salol. 
Euphorin. Antipyretic and analgesic. 
See Creosoti phosphas. 
Phosphorus. Nerve tonic and reconstruc- 
tive. Used in nervous prostration, impo- 
tence, rickets, etc. 
Calabar bean. It contains physostigmin or 
eserin. Contracts the pupil, depresses 
spinal cord, and stimulates intestinal 
peristalsis. Used locally in eye in glau- 
coma, and internally in spinal convulsions, 
obstinate constipation, and extreme 
flatulence. 
Physostigmin or eserin. As a myotic, 1 to 4 
grains to the ounce. 
Poke. Alterative, cathartic, emetic. 
Resinoid from Phytolacca (eclectic). 
Pichi (Fabiana imbricata). Recommended 
in inflammation of urinary organs. 
Pelletierina, ce 
sulphas 
tannas 
Pellitory 
Pennyroyal 
Pepo, nis 
Pepper, red 
Peppermint 
Pepsinum, i. 
Peronin 
Peruvian bark 
Petrogen 
Petrolatum, i 
album 
liquidum.. 
Phenacetin 
Phenazon 
Phenocoll hydrochloridum 
Phenol 
Phenolphthalein 
Phenyl acetamid 
dihydroquinazolin 
hydrate 
methyl acetone 
salicylas 
urethan 
Phosote 
Phosphorus, i 
Physostigma, atis 
extractum 
tinctura 
Physostigmina, a 
salicylas 
sulphas 
Phytolacca, ce 
fluidextractum radicis.. 
Phytolaccin 
Pichi 
3-6 gr. 
5-8 gr. 
5-8 gr. 
1-2 OZ. 
2-10 gr. 
W gr- 
Externally 
Externally 
Externally 
5-ro gr. 
5-20 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
3-8 gr. 
2-5 min. 
3-6 gr. 
rh-th gr. 
i-3 gr. 
M gr.. 
5-20 min. 
Th^gr- 
■fWff gr. 
wWo gr- 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 min. 
i-5 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
O.2-O.4 
O.3-O.5 
O.3-O.5 
30.0-60.0 
0.13-0.6 
0.008-0.03 
O.3-O.6 
0.3-1.3 
0.03-0.2 
O.2-O.5 
0.12-0.3 
O.2-O.4 
0.0004-0.0013 
0.06-0.2 
0.008-0.03 
0.3-1.3 
0.00065-0.0013 
0.00065-0.0013 
0.00065-0.0013 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.065-0.3 
0.3-2.0 1286 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE - (Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
PicTotoxinum, i ... 
Pills, Asiatic 
Baillie 
Blancard 
Blaud 
blue .... 
cathartic, vegetable .... 
compound cathartic.... 
Lady Webster's dinner. 
Plummer 
Pilocarpina, a 
hydrochloridum 
nitras 
Pilocarpus, i 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
Pimenta, a 
oleum 
Pink root 
Pinus canadensis 
fluidextractum 
oleum 
pumilio 
sylvestris 
oleum 
Piper, is 
oleoresina 
Piperazin 
quinate 
Piperidin tartrate.. . u .... 
Piperinum, i 
Pipsissewa., 
Piscidia erythrina 
fluidextractum 
Pituitary extract 
Pix, cis, burgundica 
canadensis 
liquida ■ 
aqua 
unguentum 
Plasmon '. 
Platini chloridum 
Pleurisy root. 
Plumbum, i 
acetas . 
. carbonas 
iodidum 
nitras 
oxidum 
subacetatis liquor 
dilutum 
Podophyllin 
Podophyllum, i 
fluidextractum 
pilulae belladonnae et 
capsicum 
resina. 
Poison ivy 
oak : 
iIff-A gr- 
. i pill 
i pill 
i or 2 pills 
i to 3 pills 
3-5 gr-. 
i or 2 pills 
i or 2 pills 
i to 3 pills 
4-8 gr. 
W gr. 
i-i gr. 
i~i gr- 
• 15-30 gr. 
15-30 min. 
|-2 fl.oz. 
10-30 gr. 
1-5 min. 
10-60 min. 
1-10 min. 
5-20 gr. 
1-3 min. 
5-20 gr. 
10-15 gr- 
1-10 gr. 
|-i dr. 
j-i fl.dr. 
3-5 gr- 
Externally 
2-10 gr. 
4-10 fl.oz. 
Externally 
1-2 dr. 
M gr- 
r-3 gr. 
Externally 
Externally 
Externaly 
Externally 
Externally 
Externally 
5-i5 gr- 
5-15 min. 
1 or 2 pills 
gr. 
0.0006-0.002 
0.2-0.3 
0.25-0.5 
0.008-0.016 
0.008-0.016 
0.008-0.016 
1.0-2.0 
1.0-2.0 
15,0-60.0 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.6-4.0 
0.06-0.6 
0.3-1-3 
0.06-0.2 
0.3-1-3 
0.6-1.0 
0.06-0.6 
2.0-4.O 
2.0-4.O 
O.2-O.3 
0.13-0.6 
120.0-300.0 
4.0-8.0 
0.008-0.03 
0.06-0.2 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.005-0.03 
Picrotoxin. A neutral principle from fish- 
berries (Cocculus indicus). Recommended 
in night-sweats. 
Arsenic trioxid, fa gr. (0.005), with black 
Pepper. 
Mercurial pill, 2; digitalis leaves, J; squill, 1. 
Ferrous iodid, 1 grain (0.06). 
Ferrous carbonate, 1 grain (0.06). 
Pills of blue mass. 
Pills of aloes and mastic. 
Calomel, 25; sulphurated antimony, 25; 
guaiac resin, 50; castor oil, 10.3. 
Pilocarpin. An alkaloid from pilocarpus. 
Powerful diaphoretic and sialogogue. 
Used in Bright's disease with uremia and 
dropsy. In the eye it acts like eserin. 
Jaborandi. Contains pilocarpin. 
Allspice. Aromatic and carminative. 
See Spigelia. 
Hemlock spruce. 
Oil of the leaf. Expectorant. 
Mountain pine. 
Scotch fir or pine. Wood yields common 
turpentine. 
Pine-needle oil (unobtainable). 
Black pepper. Carminative. 
Diethylene-diamin. Is recommended in 
gout and as a solvent of uric acid. 
See Sidonal. 
This is a derivative of piperin. Recom- 
mended as a uric-acid solvent. 
A neutral principle from pepper. Supposed 
antiperiodic. 
See ChimaphUa. 
Jamaica dogwood. Nerve sedative for 
cough, asthma, in dysmenorrhea, etc. 
Extract of the pituitary gland. Alterative in 
acromegaly. 
Burgundy pitch. 
Hemlock pitch. 
Tar. Externally, stimulant in skin dis- 
eases; internally, expectorant. 
Soluble milk albumin (casein). Nutritive. 
Chlorid of platinum. Alterative in syphilis 
and scrofula. 
See Asclepias. 
Lead. The acetate of lead is used internally 
as an astringent (diarrhea) and as a hemo- 
static. Externally, the acetate and sub- 
acetate are used in the form of lotions as 
protectives and sedatives. The iodid is 
used in ointment as an absorbent in in- 
flammation of glands. The nitrate is an 
active caustic. 
Sugar of lead. 
Litharge. 
Goulard's extract. 
See Podophylli resina, under Podophyllum. 
Mandrake, May-apple. Purgative. 
Podophyllin. 
See Rhus toxicodendron. 
See Rhus toxicodendron. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continued) 
1287 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Poke 
Pollantin 
Polyvalent sera 
Pomegranate 
Port wine 
Potassa 
cum calce 
sulphurata 
Potassium, ii 
acetas 
arsenitis liquor 
bicarbonas 
bichromas 
bitartras 
borotartras 
bromidum 
carbonas 
chloras 
citras 
liquor 
cyanidum 
et sodii tartras 
ferrocyanidum 
formas 
glycerophosphas 
hydroxidi 
liquor 
hypophosphis 
iodidum 
nitras 
nitris 
permanganas 
sulphas 
tartras. 
telluras 
Powder, acetanilid, com- 
pound 
bismuth, compound.... 
chalk, compound 
Dover's 
ipecac and opium 
jalap, compound 
licorice, compound.... 
morphin, compound.... 
rhubarb, compound.... 
Seidlitz 
Tully's 
Proponal 
Protargol 
Prunus, i, virginiana, a... 
infusum 
Externally 
Externally 
3-io gr. 
5-60 gr. 
1-10 min. 
5-30 gr. 
AH gr- 
5-60 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
5-60 gr. 
|-2 fl.OZ. 
A~i gr- 
1-4 dr. 
5-15 gr- 
i-3 gr. 
3-ro gr. 
Externally 
5-20 min. 
5-30 gr- 
5-60 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-60 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
5-15 gr. 
Locally 
5-60 gr. 
5-i5 gr-. 
20-60 gr. 
|-2 dr. 
5-i5 gr. 
5-60 gr. 
1 set of 2 pow- 
ders 
3-10 gr. 
Externally 
J-r dr. 
5-1 fl.oz. 
0.2-0.6 
0.3-4.0 
0.06-0.6 
0.3-2.0 
0.006-0.013 
0.3-4.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.13-0.6 
0.3-4.0 
15.0-60.0 
0.005-0.016 
4.0-16.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.016-0.2 
0.2-0.6 
0.3-1 3 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-4.0 
0.3-1-3 
0.06-0.2 
0.06-0.2 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-4.0 
0.008-0.03 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-4.0 
0.3-1.0 
1.3-4-0 
2.0-8.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-4.0 
0.2-0.6 
1.0-4.0 
15.0-30.0 
See Phytolacca. 
Serum of horses treated with toxins from 
pollen of grasses, etc. Recommended 
locally to eyes and nostrils in hay-fever 
In liquid and powder forms. 
Sera obtained by inoculating animals with 
several strains of a bacterium. 
See Granatum. 
See Vinum portense. 
See Potassii hydroxidi, under Potassium. 
Vienna paste. Caustic. 
Liver of sulphur. Externally in bath or 
ointment, and also internally in chronic 
rheumatism and skin affections. 
Potassium. The organic salts (acetate, 
citrate, bicarbonate, etc.) are used as 
diuretics in dropsy and kidney disease, as 
antacids in rheumatism, gout, and urinary 
calculi, and as diaphoretics. The chlorate 
is mainly used locally and internally in 
inflammatory conditions of mouth and 
throat. The bromid is used as a nerve 
sedative in hysteria, epilepsy, etc.; the 
nitrate, as a diuretic; the iodid, as an alter- 
ative in syphilis, gout, chronic inflamma- 
tory diseases, lead-poisoning, etc.; the 
arsenite (Fowler's solution) as a tonic and 
alterative, and the permanganate as a 
germicide, an antidote to morphin- and 
phosphorus-poisoning, and an emmena- 
gogue. 
Acetanilid, 70; sod. bicarb., 20; caffein, 10. 
Antipyretic, analgesic. 
Catarrh snuff, Ferrier's snuff (bismuth sub- 
nitrate, 75; acacia, 25; morphin, 0.41). 
Pulvis creta compositus (chalk, 30; acacia, 20; 
sugar, 50). Antacid in diarrhea. 
See Powder, ipecac and opium. 
Dover's powder (opium, 1; ipecac, 1; sugar 
of milk, 8). Diaphoretic and analgesic. 
Pulvis jalapce compositus (jalap, 35; potas- 
sium bitartrate, 65). Hydragogue ca- 
thartic. 
Pulvis glycyrrhiza compositus (senna, 5; 
licorice, 6.5; washed sulphur, 2.2; oil of 
fennel, 1; sugar, 15). Laxative. 
Tully's powder (morphin sulphate, 1.5; 
camphor, 32; licorice, 33; calcium car- 
bonate, 33.5). Anodyne. 
Pulvis rhei compositus, Gregory's Powder 
(rhubarb, 2.5; magnesium oxid, 6.5; 
ginger, 1.0). Antacid, laxative, especially 
for children. 
Pulvis effervescens compositus (blue paper: 
Sodium bicarbonate, 2.6; sodium and 
potassium tartrate, 8.0. White paper: 
Tartaric acid, 2.3). Purgative. 
See Powder, morphin, compound. 
Dipropylbarbaturic acid. Homologue ol 
veronal. Hypnotic. 
Compound of silver and albumin (8.3 pet 
cent, silver). Locally, 0.5 to 10 per cent, 
solution in gonorrhea, vaginitis, oph- 
thalmia, etc. 
Wild cherry. Cough sedative. POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continued) 
1288 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Primus svrupus 
1-4 fl.dr. 
4.0-16.0 
Prussian blue 
Potassium ferricyanid. 
See Acidum hydrocyanicum. 
See Lycoperdon. 
Anemone. Chiefly employed in bronchitis, 
asthma, pertussis, and in dysmenorrhea. 
Prussic acid 
Puff-ball 
Pulsatilla, ce 
infusum 
|-i fl.oz. 
1-10 min. 
15.0-30.0 
0.06-0.6 
tinctura 
Pumpkin seed 
See Pepo. 
A product allied to antipyrin, with similar 
properties. 
Pellitory. Irritant, sialogogue. Recom- 
mended in rheumatism. 
Pyramidon 
5-8 gr. 
J-i dr. 
j-2 fl.dr. 
3-10 min. 
0.3-0.5 
1.0-4.0 
2.0-8.0 
Pyrethrum, i 
tinctura 
Pyridin 
0.2-0.6 
A product obtained by distillation from 
coal-tar or bones. Chiefly used by inha- 
lation in asthma. 
See Acidum pyrogallicum. 
Soluble gun-cotton; collodion cotton. 
Quassia. Bitter tonic; also by injection 
for seat-worms. 
Pyrogallol 
Pyroxylin 
Quassia, ce 
}-i dr. 
i-3 gr. 
|-2 fl.oz. 
|-i fl.dr. 
gr- 
1.0-4.0 
0.06-0.2 
extractum 
infusum 
15.0-60.0 
2.0-4.O 
O.OO2-O.OI5 
tinctura 
Quassin 
Quebracho 
See Aspidosperma. 
See Stillingia. 
White oak. Astringent. Chiefly as a local 
application in sore throat and leukorrhea. 
Queen's root 
Quercus, us, alba 
decoctum 
|-i fl.oz. 
10-60 min. 
I5.O-3O.O 
O.6-4.O 
fluidextractum 
Quevenne's iron 
See Ferrum reductum. 
Quillaia, saponaria 
Soap-bark. Locally, in hair-washes; also 
used as a substitute for senega in bron- 
chitis. 
See Acidum quinicum. 
Quinidin sulphate. An alkaloid of cin- 
chona. Antimalarial. 
Quinin. Alkaloid of cinchona. Anti- 
malarial, antipyretic; a bitter tonic. 
tinctura 
i-i fl.dr. 
2.0-4.O 
Quinic acid 
Quinidinae sulphas 
1-20 gr. 
1-20 gr. 
iH gr. 
1-20 gr. 
1-20 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
1-20 gr. 
1-20 gr. 
1-20 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
1-10 gr. 
1-10 gr. 
1-20 gr. 
1-20 gr. 
1-10 gr. 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-1.3 
0.005-0.03 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.6 
Quinina, ce 
arsenas 
bisulphas 
dihydrochloridum 
Soluble in four parts of water. 
glycerophosphas 
hydrobromidum 
hydrochloridum 
hydrochloro-carba- 
midum 
Urea-quinin. 
hypophosphis 
phosphas 
salicylas 
0.06-0.6 
sulphas 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-1.3 
0.06-0.6 
tannas 
valeras 
Ragwort 
See Senecio. 
Ranunculus, i, ficaria 
PUewort or celandin. Used in ointment 
Red gum 
2-5 gr. 
0.13-0.3 
and also as suppository for piles. 
Eucalyptus gum. Astringent in diarrhea 
and also for relaxed throats. 
Pterocarpi lignum. Used as coloring agent. 
Resin, rosin, colophony. From turpen- 
tine. 
Basilicon ointment. 
saunders 
Resina, ® 
Externally 
Externally 
Externally 
i-5 gr- 
• 
ceratum 
compositum 
Resorcinol, is 
0.06-0.3 
Resorcin A benzol derivative allied to 
Rhamnus, i, frangula 
purshiana, ® 
phenol. Antipyretic and antiseptic. 
See Frangula. 
Cascara sagrada. Cathartic. 
5-30 gr. 
1-3 fl.dr. 
i-5 gr. 
5-30 min. 
0.3-2.0 
elixir 
4.0-12.0 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-2.0 
extrabtum 
fluidextractum 
Rhatany 
See Krameria. 
Rheum, i 
5-30 gr. 
1-10 gr. 
5-30 min. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
1 to 5 pills 
|-i dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
J-2 fl.dr. 
0.3-2.0 
0.06-0.6 
Rhubarb. Stomachic and cathartic. 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
0.3-2.0 
4.0-16.0 
2.O-4.O 
4.0-16.0 
4.0-16.0 
2.0-8.0 
mistura et sodae 
pilulae compositus 
pulvis compositus 
syrupus 
aromaticum 
Spiced syrup of rhubarb. 
tinctura 
aromaticum 
1-4 fl.dr. 
4.0-16.0 1289 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Rhus, rhois, glabra, ae . . .. 
fluidextractum 
aromatica 
fluidextractum 
J-i dr. 
|-i fl.dr. 
10-30 gr. 
5-30 min. 
q q q q 
Tf rf ci ci 
ci ci O 0 
Sumac. Rich in tannin. Astringent. 
Fragrant sumac. Incontinence of urine. 
toxicodendron 
tinctura 
Ricinus communis 
Rochelle salt 
i-5 gr. 
^5-1 min. 
0.06-0.3 
0.006-0.06 
Poison oak, poison ivy. Rheumatism, 
chronic skin diseases, incontinence of urine. 
Castor-oil bean. 
See Potassii et sodii tartras, under Potas- 
sium. 
Dried milk of thyroidectomized goats. Ex- 
ophthalmic goiter. 
Red rose. Feeble astringent. Chiefly used 
Rodagen 
Rosa, ce, gallica, aqua.... 
75-150 gr- daily 
j-2 fl.oz. 
5.0-10.0 
15.0-60.0 
confectio 
fluidextractum 
|-i dr. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-4.O 
2.0-8.0 
as a flavoring agent. 
mel 
Rosae syrupus 
3-2 fl.dr. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
4.O-8.O 
Rosin 
Rosmarinus, i 
oleum 
Rottlera 
Rubia tinctorum 
Rubidium, i 
bromidum 
iodidum 
Rubus, i 
fluidextractum 
1-5 min. 
i~i dr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
10-60 min. 
0.06-0.3 
1.0-4.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-1-3 
O.3-2.0 
O.6-4.O 
See Resina. 
Rosemary. Carminative. Mainly used as a 
scent. 
See Kamala. 
Madder. Emmenagogue. 
Rubidium. Salts of this metal act like the 
corresponding salts of potassium. 
Blackberry bark. Astringent. 
syrupus 
Rue 
Rumex, ieis............. 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
1-4 fl.dr. 
j-i dr. 
4-8 gr. 
J-i fl.dr. 
4.0-16.0 
1.0-4.0 
O.25-O.5 
2.0-4.O 
See Ruta. 
Yellow dock. Astringent and alterative. 
Rumicin 
Ruta, a 
oleum 
Sabadilla, ® 
Sabal (indeclinable) 
fluidextractum 
r-3 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
1-5 min. 
r-4 gr. 
10-60 gr. 
10-30 min. 
0.00-0.2 
O.3-1.3 
O.O6-O.3 
0.06-0.25 
O.6-4.C 
0.6-2.0 
Rue. Emmenagogue and powerful aborti- 
facient. 
Cevadilla. Source of veratrina. 
Scnv-palmetto fruit. Diuretic, aphrodisiac, 
bronchial sedative. 
Sabina, ce. 
fluidextractum 
5-i5 gr. 
5-15 min. 
O.3-I .O 
O.3-I .O 
Savine. Emmenagogue and active aborti- 
facient. 
oleum 
Saccharin 
Saccharum, i 
lactis 
Saffrolum, i 
1-5 min. 
i-3 gr- 
ad lib. 
ad lib. 
1-10 min. 
O.O6-O.3 
O.O3-O.2 
0.06-0.6 
Bonzosulphinid, glusid. A derivative of 
coal-tar. Used instead of sugar in dia- 
betes. 
Cane-sugar, sucrose. 
Milk-sugar, lactose. 
Saffrol. Chief constituent of sassafras oil. 
Carminative. 
Saffron 
Sage 
Sal ammoniac 
Salicinum, i 
5-30 gr. 
O.3-2.0 
See Crocus. 
See Salvia. 
See Ammonium chlor id. 
Salicin. Glucosid from willow and poplar. 
Action of a mild salicylate. Antirheu- 
Salicylic acid 
Salipyrin 
5-30 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
matic. 
See Acidum salicylicum. 
Antipyrin salicylate. Antirheumatic, anal- 
Salit 
Salol 
Salophen 
Externally 
5-i5 gr- 
5-i5 gr. 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1.0 
gesic. 
Salicylic acid ester of borneol. Antirheu- 
matic. 
Phenyl salicylate. Antirheumatic, intestinal 
and urinary antiseptic. 
Acetamidosalol. Antirheumatic. 
Saltpeter 
Salvia, a 
fluidextractum 
inf usum 
Sambucus, i 
fluidextractum 
}-i dr. 
15-60 min. 
1-2 fl.oz. 
j-i dr. 
2-1 fl.dr. 
1.0-4.0 
1.0-4.0 
30.0-60.0 
2.O-4.O 
2.0-4.O 
See Potassii mt/ras, under Potassium. 
Sage. Carminative, antihydrotic, astrin- 
gent. 
Elderberry flowers. Alterative, diuretic. 
Locally, for bruises and sores. 
infusum 
Sandalwood 
Sanguinaria, ® 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Sanguinarina, ce 
Santalum, i, album 
oleum 
rubrum 
Santonica, e 
j-2 fl.OZ. 
1-8 gr. 
1-5 min. 
5-60 min. 
drl gr. 
5-20 min. 
J-i dr. 
15.0-60.0 
0.065-0.5 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-40 
0.005-0.008 
0.3-1.3 
1.0-4.0 
See Santalum album. 
Blood-root. Expectorant, emetic, altera- 
tive. 
White sandalwood. Expectorant, urinary 
antiseptic, and diuretic. 
See Red sounders. 
Levant or European wormseed. Vermifuge. 1290 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued') 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Santonin um, i 
1-2 gr- 
i to 4 
24 min. 
0.016-0.13 
Neutral principle from santonica. Vermi- 
fuge for round-worms. 
Each 1 gr. (0.03). 
Salicylic ester of santal oil, the action of 
which it resembles. 
Castile soap. Soap of olive oil and soda. 
Soap plaster. 
Soft-soap, sapo viridis. Soap of linseed oil 
and potassa. 
Soap liniment. 
Toxic glucosids from sarsaparilla, soap- 
bark, and other plants. 
Sarsaparilla. Recommended as an altera- 
tive in syphilis, rheumatism, and cutane- 
ous diseases. 
Sassafras. Aromatic flavoring agent. 
Sassafras pith. Demulcent. 
See Sabina. 
See Sabal. 
Scammony. Drastic cathartic. 
Squill. Heart stimulant like digitalis. 
Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. 
Broom. Contains spartein. Diuretic in 
dropsy. 
Scopola carniolica. Has properties similar 
to those of belladonna. 
Alkaloid of scopola. Identical with hyoscki. 
Skullcap. Antispasmodic and nerve seda- 
tive. 
See Eucus vesiculosus. 
See Ergota. 
See Powder, Seidlitz. 
Ragwort. Emmenagogue. Amenorrhea 
and dysmenorrhea. 
Senega. Expectorant, emetic. 
Senna. Purgative. 
Virginia snakeroot. Expectorant, diaphor- 
etic, bitter tonic. 
Diphtheria antitoxin. 
See Antitoxin, meningitis. 
See Antitoxin, pneumonia. 
See Antitoxin, septicemia. 
Benne. 
Substitute for olive oil. 
Suet. ' , 
See Vinum xericum. . .. 
Piperazin quinate. In gout, uric-acid solvent. 
See Argentum. 
Mountain damson. Bitter astringent. Diar- 
rhea and dysentery. 
Capparis coriacea. Antispasmodic in epi- 
lepsy and chorea. 
White mustard. Emetic. 
Black mustard. Counterirritant, emetic. 
Volatile oil of mustard. 
See Ulm us. 
trochisci 
Santyl 
r-5 
Sapo, onis 
emplastrum 
mollis 
linimentum 
Saponins 
Sarsaparilla, (E 
1-2 dr. 
1-4 fl.oz. 
}-i fl.dr. 
Pi fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
1-2 dr. 
1-4 dr. 
1-5 min. 
2.0-8.0 
30.0-120.0 
2.0-4.O 
2.0-4.O 
4.0-IO.0 
2.0-8.0 
4.O-16.O 
O.O6-O.3 
decoctum compositus... 
fluidextractum 
compositus 
syrupus compositus.... 
Sassafras (indeclinable)... 
medulla 
oleum 
Savin 
Saw-palmetto 
Scammonium, i 
1-10 gr. 
i-5 gr. 
r-5 gr. 
5-30 min. 
1-5 min. 
l-i fl.dr. 
5-60 min. 
5-30 min. 
15-30 gr. 
1-2 fl.oz. 
l~i fl.dr. 
i-r 
14 gr- 
1-2 min. 
0.06-0.6 
0.06-0.3 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-2.0 
0.06-0.3 
2.0-4.O 
O.3-4.O 
O.3-2.0 
1.0-2.0 
30.0-60.0 
2.0-4.O 
O.O3-O.O6 
O.OO8-O.O16 
0.06-0.12 
resina 
Scilla, ce 
acetum 
fluidextractum 
syrupus 
compositus 
tinctura 
Scoparius, ii 
decoctum 
fluidextractum 
Scopola, ce 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Scopolamin 
Scutellaria, <e 
15-60 gr. 
15-60 min. 
1.0-4.0 
1.0-4.0 
fluidextractum 
Sea-wrack 
Secale cornutum 
Seidlitz powder 
Senecio, onis 
15-30 gr. 
15-30 min. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1-2 dr. 
1-2 dr. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
1-4 fl.oz. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 min. 
1-2 fl.dr. 
1.0-2.0 
1.0-2.0 
O.3-2.0 
O.3-2.0 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-8.0 
30.0-120.0 
2.0-16.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
2.0-8.0 
Curative dose, 
3000-8000 
units; prophy- 
lactic dose, 
500-1000 units. 
fluidextractum 
Senega, ce 
fluidextractum 
syrupus 
Senna, ce 
confectio 
fluidextractum 
infusum compositus.. .. 
syrupus 
Serpentaria, ce 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
Serum antidiphthericum.. 
antimeningococcic 
antipneumococcic 
antistreptococcic 
Sesamum, i 
oleum 
j-2 fl.oz. 
15.0-60.0 
Sevum, i 
Sherry wine 
Sidonal 
8-15 gr. 
0.5-1.0 
Silver 
Simaruba, ®, officinalis. .. 
Simulo 
5-30 gr. 
20-30 gr. 
1-2 dr. 
j-2 dr. 
14 min. 
1.0-2.0 
1.3-2.0 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-8.0 
0.008-0.016 
Sinapis, is, alba 
nigra 
oleum volatile 
Slippery-elm bark , POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued) 
1291 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Smilax 
See Sarsaparilla. 
See Sapo. 
See Quillaia. 
Caustic soda, sodium hydroxid. 
Labarraque's solution. Antiseptic. 
Sodium. The arsenate and cacodylate 
have an action similar to but milder than 
that of arsenous acid. The bicarbonate 
is a valuable antacid. The cinnamate is 
antitubercular. The formate, glycero- 
phosphate, and hypophosphite are tonic 
and are indicated in states of malnutrition. 
The nitrite has the action of nitroglycerin. 
The salicylate is the most efficient remedy 
in rheumatism. The phenol sulphonate 
(sulphocarbolate) and the thiosulphate 
(hyposulphite) are antiseptics. The phos- 
phate and sulphate (Glauber's salt) are 
cathartic. The tellurate has been recom- 
mended in night-sweats. For other salts 
see Potassium. 
See Sodium thiosulphas. 
Germicide. 
Disodium methylarsenate, arrhenal. 
Sodium sulphocarbolate. 
■ H 
See Sodium phenolsulphonas. 
Agurin. Powerful diuretic. 
Diuretin. Powerful diuretic. 
Sodium hyposulphite. 
Horse-nettle. Employed in epilepsy. 
See Dulcamara 
Golden-rod. Carminative, diaphoretic. 
Liquor potassii arsenatis et bromidi. Anti- 
diabetic. 
Solution of sodium borate compound. 
See Arseni et hydrargyri io didi liquoris. 
See Potassii arsenitis liquor. 
See Soda liquor chlorinata, under Soda. 
See lodi liquor compositus, under lodum. 
See Morphina liquor, under Morphina. 
See Sodii arsenas liquor, under Sodium. 
Albumoses from meat. Nutrient. 
Ethylized chloralurethan. A somnifacient. 
Mixture of ethyl chlorid, 60; methyl chlorid, 
35; ethyl bromid, 5. General anesthetic. 
Soap 
Soap-tree bark 
Soda, <z 
liquor chlorinatae 
10-30 min. 
0.6-2.0 
Sodium, i 
acetas 
10-30 gr. 
zins gr- 
gr- 
1-5 min. 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
10-15 gr. 
5-i5 gr- 
5-20 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
3-2 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
2-6 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
gr- 
5-30 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
5-ro gr. 
5-10 gr. 
i-i gr. 
5-20 min. 
3-15 gr- 
0.6-2.0 
0.003-0.008 
0.002-0.004 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.6-1.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1-3 
0.3-2.0 
0.03-0.13 
0.3-1-3 
0.13-0.4 
0.13-0.6 
0.3-2.0 
0.001-0.016 
0.3-2.0 
0.01-0.2 
0.3-0.6 
O.3-O.6 
0.03-0.06 
0.3-1-3 
0.2-1.0 
arsenas 
exsiccatus 
liquor 
benzoas 
bicarbonas 
bisulphas 
bisulphis 
boras 
bromidum 
cacodylas 
carbonas 
monohydras 
chloras 
chlorid um 
cinnamas 
citras 
formas 
glycerophosphas 
glycholas 
hydroxidum 
liquor 
hypophosphis 
hyposulphis 
iodidum 
5-30 gr. 
5-ro gr. 
Locally 
iH gr. 
5-20 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
2-5 gr. 
5-i5 gr- 
$-4 dr. 
2-6 dr. 
J-2 dr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
W dr. 
10-30 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
3-5 gr- 
5-i5 gr. 
1-6 dr. 
i-3 dr. 
5-20 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
O.3-O.6 
0.025-0.2 
0.2-1.3 
0.06-0.2 
O.I3-O.3 
0.3-1.0 
2.0-16.0 
8.O-24.O 
1.0-8.0 
4.0-16.0 
2.0-16.0 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.2 
0.2-0.3 
0.3-1.0 
4.0-24.0 
2.0-12.0 
0.3-1-3 
lactas 
lygosinas 
methylarsenas 
nitras 
nitris 
oleas 
phenolsulphonas 
phosphas 
effervescens 
exsiccatus 
liquor compositus 
pyrophosphas 
salicylas 
santoninas 
succinas 
sulphanilis 
sulphas 
exsiccatus 
sulphis 
sulphocarbolas 
telluras 
M gr. 
5-i5 gr. 
5-15 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
2-5 gr. 
sV-! gr. 
0.02-0.04 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1-3 
0.13-0.3 
0.001-0.008 
theobromin acetas 
salicylas 
thiosulphas 
valeras 
vanadas 
Solanum, i, carolinense... 
fluidextractum 
f-i fl.dr. 
1.0-4.0 
dulcamara 
Solidago, inis 
20-40 gr. 
|-i fl.dr. 
1-6 min. 
1.3-2.6 
2.0-4.0 
0.06-0.04 
fluidextractum 
Solution, Clemens' 
Dobell's 
Donovan's 
Fowler's 
Labarraque's 
Lugol's 
Magendie's 
Pearson's 
Somatose 
1-4 dr. 
$-1 dr. 
1-4 dr. 
30-45 min. 
4.0-16.0 
2.0-4.0 
4.0-16.0 
2.0"3.0 
ferro- 
lacto- 
Somnal 
Somnoform 1292 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Spanish fly 
See Cantharis. 
Alkaloid of scoparius. Recommended as a 
cardiac stimulant and diuretic. 
See Mentha viridis. 
See Cetaceum. 
Pink-root. Vermifuge. Round-worms. 
Spirit. 
Sweet spirit of niter. Mild diaphoretic and 
diuretic. 
Whisky. 
Brandy. 
See Scilla. 
See Elaterium. 
Stavesacre, delphinum. Chiefly externally 
for vermin. 
1 to 6 or 12 of olive oil. 
See Zea. 
Queen's root. Cathartic, emetic, and al- 
terative. Recommended in liver diseases,, 
syphilis, and scrofula. 
Extractive from stillingia. 
See Styrax. 
Amylene hydrochlorid. I.ocal anesthetic 
like cocain (4 per cent, solution). 
Stramonium, Jamestown weed. Contains 
hyoscyamin and atropin. Action simila! 
to that of belladonna. 
The strontium salts act much like the corre- 
sponding salts of sodium. They are com- 
paratively unirritating to the stomach. 
The lactate has been especially recom- 
mended in albuminuria. 
Glucosid of strophanthus. 
Strophanthus. Heart stimulant and diu- 
retic. Action similar to that of digitalis. 
Alkaloid of nux vomica. See Nux vomica. 
Cotarnin hydrochlorid. A derivative of 
narcotin (opium alkaloid) and allied to 
hydrastinin. Recommended in uterine 
hemorrhage. 
Cotarnin phthalate. 
Guaiacol cinnamate. Antitubercular. 
Storax. Balsam from oriental sweet gum. 
Acts like copaiba. 
Mercuric ethylenediamin sulphate. Anti- 
syphilitic intramuscularly. Externally 
antiseptic (1: 5000 to 1:1000). _ 
Amber. Antispasmodic in whooping-cough, 
hiccup. 
Alphozone. Internal and external antiseptic. 
See Saccharum. 
See Levulose. 
See Dextrose. 
See Plumbi acetas, under Plumbum. 
See Mannite. 
See Saccharum lactis. 
See Sulphonmethanum. 
Trional. Somnifacient. 
Sulphonal. Somnifacient. 
Sulphur. Parasiticide and stimulant for 
local use (5 to 10 per cent.) in skin diseases. 
Internally, laxative and alterative. 
Sparteinze sulphas 
W gr.. 
0.008-0.016 
Spearmint 
Spermaceti 
Spigelia, (E 
J-2 dr. 
$-2 fl.dr. 
1.0-8.0 
1.0-8.0 
fluidextractum 
Spiritus us 
setheris nitrosi 
$-2 fl.dr. 
1-8 fl.dr. 
i- 8 fl.dr. 
1.0-8.0 
4.0-32.0 
• 4.0-32.0 
frumenti 
vini gallici 
Squill 
Squirting cucumber 
Staphisagria, (E 
i-2 gr. 
0.06-0.13 
oleum 
Stigmata maidis 
Stillingia, ce 
10-30 gr. 
2-5 gr. 
10-30 min. 
i-3 gr. 
0.6-2.0 
0.13-0.3 
0.6-2.0 
0.06-0.2 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Stillingin 
Storax 
Stovain 
i-ii gr. 
i-3 gr. 
W gr. 
1-5 min. 
5-20 min. 
Externally 
0.03-0.1 
0.06-0.2 
0.01-0.03 
0.06-0.3 
0.3-1-3 
Stramonium, ii 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
tinctura 
unguentum 
Strontium ii 
arsenis 
sW^gr- 
5-30 gr. 
5-30 gr. 
5-3° gr- 
5-30 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
gr- 
0.002-0.004 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-2.0 
0.3-1.3 
0.0002-0.0006 
bromidum 
carbonas 
iodidum 
1actas 
salicylas 
Strophan thin 
Strophan thus, i 
extractum 
l-i gr. 
5-15 min. 
A-A gr- 
gr- 
gr- 
W gr- 
A"tb gr. 
^"TB gr. 
W-TB gr. 
Bo-is gr- 
bV^b gr. 
bWb gr. 
i~i gr. 
1 gr. 
S-iS gr- 
10-30 gr. 
15 min. (1 to 2 
per cent, solu- 
tion) 
0.016-0.06 
0.3-1.0 
O.OOI-O.OO4 
0.001-0.004 
0.001-0.004 
0.001-0.004 
0.001-0.004 
0.001-0.004 
0.001-0.004 
0.001-0.004 
O.OOI-O.OO4 
0.001-0.004 
0.016-0.03 
0.05 
0.3-1.0 
0.6-2.0 
1.0 (1 to 2 per 
cent, solution) 
tinctura 
Strvchnina, (E 
acetas 
arsenas 
glycerophosphas 
hydrobromidum 
hydrochloridum 
hy pophosphis 
nitras 
phosphas 
sulphas 
Stypticin hydrochloridum. 
Styptol 
Styracol 
Sty rax 
Sublamin 
Succinum, i 
oleum 
3-15 min. 
3-5 gr. 
0.2-1.0 
O.2-O.3 
Succinyl peroxid 
Sugar 
fruit 
grape .. 
lead 
manna 
* 
milk 
Sul phonal 
Sulphonethylmethanum... 
Sulphonmethanum 
10-30 gr. 
10-30 gr. 
$-2 dr. 
i-4 gr. 
0.6-2.0 
0.6-2.0 
2.0-8.0 
0.06-0.25 
Sulphur, is 
iodidum * ? t 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued) POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continued) 
1293 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Sulphur lotum 
|-2 dr. 
5-2 dr. 
3-2 dr. 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-8.0 
Washed sulphur. 
Milk of sulphur. 
15 per cent, in benzoinated lard. 
See Rhus glabra. 
Musk-root. Nerve sedative. 
See Glandules suprarenales sicca. 
Similar to adrenalin. 
Similar to adrenalin. 
See Calamus. 
See Etheris nitrosi spiritus, under Ether. 
Molasses. 
Silver jluorid. Antiseptic (1:500 to 1: 
1000). 
Digestive ferment from fungus on bran. 
Recommended for dyspepsia with indiges- 
tion of starches. 
French chalk, soapstone, hydrous magnesium 
silicate. 
Preserved pulp of Tamarindus indica 
Laxative. 
Tansy. Emmenagogue, abortifacient. 
Tannate of albumin. Astringent. 
Acetic acid ester of tannin. Astringent. 
See Acidum tannicum. 
Tannin-formaldehyd. Astringent, anti- 
septic, deodorant. 
Hcxamethylene-tetramin tannin. Astrin- 
gent. 
See Pix liquida. 
Dandelion. Simple bitter stomachic. 
See Antimonii et potassii tartras, under Anti- 
monium. 
Terebene. A product of the action of sul- 
phuric acid on oil of turpentine. Ex- 
pectorant and stimulant diuretic. 
Chian turpentine. Recommended for can- 
cer. 
Turpentine. Expectorant, diuretic, vermi- 
fuge, antiseptic. 
Terpin hydrate. Derivative of oil of tur- 
pentine. Expectorant and diuretic. 
A product of the action of sulphuric acid on 
terpin. Expectorant and diuretic. 
See Methylene-blue. 
Tetronal. Somnifacient. 
Thallin acetate. Recommended for night- 
sweats. 
Thallin sulphate. Antipyretic, antiseptic. 
Thapsia. Rubefacient. 
See Caffeina. 
Cacao, chocolate. 
Cacao-butter. Emollient. 
Alkaloid of cacao, dimethylxanthin. Active 
diuretic. 
Diuretin. Active diuretic. 
Agurin. Active diuretic. 
Synthetic theophyllin. 
An alkaloid from tea and coffee. Diuretic. 
A urethan derivative. Antipyretic. 
Sodium salt of sulphonic acid. Resolvent, 
antipruritic. 
Potassium guaiacol sulphonate. Ex- 
pectorant, antiseptic. Recommended for 
tuberculosis. 
Basic bismuth dithio salicylate. Substitute 
for iodoform. 
A derivative of volatile oil of mustard. 
Recommended to hasten absorption, 
cicatrices, and fibrous overgrowth*. 
Used locally and internally. 
praecipitatum 
sublimatum 
unguentum 
Sumac 
Sumbul 
5-20 gr. 
2-5 gr- 
3-2 fl.dr. 
o-3-r-3 
0.13-0.3 
2.0-8.0 
extractum 
tinctura 
Suprarenal glands 
Suprarenalin 
Suprarenin 
Sweet-flag 
Sweet spirits of niter 
Syrupus fuscus 
Tachiol 
Taka-diastase 
i-5 gr. 
Externally 
0.06-0.3 
Talcum, i 
Tamarindus, i 
Tanacetum, i 
j-i dr. 
1-5 min. 
15-60 gr. 
3-8 gr. 
1.0-4.0 
0.06-0.3 
1.0-4.0 
O.2-O.5 
oleum 
Tannalbin 
Tannigen 
Tannin 
Tannoform 
3-10 gr. 
3-ro gr. 
0.2-0.6 
0.2-0.6 
Tannopin 
Tar 
Taraxacum, i 
|-2 dr. 
5-20 gr. 
5-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
0.3-1-3 
2.0-8.0 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
Tartar emetic 
Terebenum, i 
5-15 min. 
5-ro gr. 
Externally 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-0.6 
Terebinthina, ce, chia 
linimentum 
oleum 
rectificatus 
5-240 min. 
2-15 gr. 
2-5 min. 
0.3-15 -2 
0.13-1.0 
0.13-0.3 
Terpini hydras 
Terpinol 
T etrame thy Ithioninae 
chloridum 
Tetronal 
10-20 gr. 
i-3 gr. 
3-5 gr. 
Externally 
0.6-1.3 
0.06-0.2 
0.2-0.3 
Thallii acetas 
Thallinae sulphas 
Thapsia, ce 
Thein. h. 
Theobroma, atis 
oleum 
Theobromina, ce 
5-ro gr. 
5-i5 gr. 
5-i5 gr- 
3-6 gr. 
3-6 gr. 
5-i5 gr. 
3-10 gr. 
5-20 gr. 
O.3-O.6 
0.3-1.0 
0.3-1 .c 
0.2-0.4 
O.2-O.4 
0.3-1.0 
0.2-0.6 
0.3-1 J 
sodii salicylas 
sodiosodic acetate 
Theocin 
Theophyllin 
Thermodin 
Thigenol 
Thiocol 
Thioform 
Thiosinamin 
gr. 
0.03-0.1 POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE-(Continued) 
1294 
Medicines. 
Thorium, ii 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Salts of this metal, which posses?, consider' 
able radio-activity, have been recom- 
mended in ointment for various skin dis- 
eases. 
See Eupatorium. 
Arbor vita. Alterative. 
Thorough wort 
Thuja occidentalis 
Fi dr. 
1-30 gr. 
1.0-4.0 
0.06-2.0 
Thymol, is 
Crystalline body from oil of thyme. Anti- 
septic vermifuge. 
See Aristol. 
iodidum 
Thymus gland, desiccated. 
Thyroid glands 
3-io gr. 
0.2-0.6 
Recommended in exophthalmic goiter an^ 
states of defective nutrition. 
See Glandula thyroidece sicca. 
Balsam of tolu. Expectorant. 
Tolutanum balsamum.... 
Tolutanus syrupus 
5-30 gr. 
1-4 fl.dr. 
5-20 gr. 
2-10 gr. 
Externally 
5-2 gr. 
Externally 
15-45 min. 
5 gr. 
0.3-2.0 
4.0-16.0 
0.3-1.3 
0.13-0.6 
Tolypyrin 
Toly anti pyrin. Antipyretic, antineuralgir. 
Tragacanth. Demulcent. 
Solution of gutta-percha. 
Bromol. Intestinal antiseptic. 
Mixture of cresols. Surgical antiseptic 
(0.5 to 2 per cent, solution). 
Propylamin solution (10 per cent.). Anti- 
rheumatic. 
Iron paranucleinate. Hematinic, tonic. 
See Glycerylis nitras. 
See Sulphonethylmethanum. 
See Paraform. 
A paraphenetidin derivative allied to phen- 
acetin. 
Dog or couch-grass. Diuretic. 
A derivative of tropin. Less poisonous 
than cocain. Local anesthetic (3 to 10 
per cent, solution). 
A ferment of the pancreas which converts 
albumin into peptone. Digestant. Lo- 
cally, in cancer. 
"B. E." contains 5 mg. of pulverized dried 
bacilli in each cubic centimeter. Injec- 
tions of tuberculin should be made at 
intervals of from three to six days, the 
dose being very gradually increased from 
the minimum to the maximum, reactions 
being carefully avoided. 
TR. A liquid containing 2 mg. of solid 
substance (triturated bacilli) per cubic 
centimeter. 
TO. Soluble products of tubercle ba- 
cilli in glycerin. Specific remedy for 
tuberculosis. 
Tragacantha, ce 
Traumaticin 
Tribromphenol 
0.03-0.13 
Tricresol 
Trimethylamin solution... 
Triferrin 
1.0-3.0 
0.3 
Trinitrin 
Trional 
Trioxy methylene 
Triphenenin 
Triticum, i 
5-ro gr- 
1-2 dr. 
0.3-0.6 
4.0-8.0 
4.0-8.0 
0.3-1-3 
fTOoT1000 mg' 
nAny-20 mg. 
n^nj-1000 mg. 
fluidextractum 
Tropacocainae hydro- 
chloras 
Trypsin 
Tuberculin bacillen emul- 
sion 
new 
1-2 fl.dr. 
Locally 
5-20 gr. 
old 
Turpentine 
Turpeth mineral 
See Ilydrargyri subsulphas. 
Coltsfoot. Expectorant, demulcent. 
Tussilago, inis 
5-1 dr. 
Fi fl.dr. 
2.0-4.O 
2.^-4.0 
fluidextractum 
Ulmus, i 
Slippery-elm bark. Demulcent. In irrita- 
tion of urinary and respiratory passages. 
See Collargol. 
Uranium nitrate. Recommended in dia- 
betes. 
Carb amid. Diuretic; also recommended in 
tuberculosis. 
Quinin hydrochlorocarbamidum. Anti- 
periodic. Used hypodermically. 
Ethyl carbamate. Somnifacient. 
See Hexamethylenamina. 
Combination of urea and salicylic add. 
Gout, rheumatism. 
Corn smut, corn ergot. Action like that of 
ergot. 
Bearberry leaves. Stimulant diuretic in 
chronic inflammation of urinary tract. 
mucilago 
ad lib. 
Un^uentum Crede 
Uranii nitras 
F3 gr. 
10-20 gr. 
5-i5 gr. 
10-60 gr. 
0.03-0.2 
0.6-1.3 
0.3-1.0 
0.6-4.0 
Urea 
quinin 
Urethan 
Urotropin 
Ursal 
10-30 gr. 
l-i dr. 
Fi fl.dr. 
Fr dr. 
5-i5 gr. 
Fr fl-dr. 
Ustilago, inis, maydis, is.. 
fluidextractum 
Uva, a, ursi 
extractum 
1.0-4.0 
2.0-4.O 
I .O-4.O 
O.3-I .O 
I.O-4.O 
30.0-60.0 
I .O-4.O 
O.3-O.6 
1.0-4.0 
fluidextractum 
infusum 
Valeriana, a 
Fr dr. 
5-r^ gr. 
15-60 min. 
Valerian. Nerve sedative. 
extractum 
fluidextractum POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -{Continued) 
1295 
Medicines. 
Pose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Valeriana tinctura 
3-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
ammoniata 
Validol 
|-2 fl.dr. 
10-15 min. 
2.0-8.0 
0.6-1.0 
Menthol valerate. Nerve sedative, car- 
minative. 
Valyl 
Vanilla, <2. 
4-8 min. 
5-20 gr. 
0.2-0.5 
O-3-i-3 
Valeric acid, dimethylamin. Nerve seda- 
tive, antineuralgic. 
Vanilla. Stimulant. 
Vanillin 
Vasogen 
Veratrina, a 
M gr. 
Externally 
gr- 
0.016-0.03 
0.0016-0.002 
Oxygenated vaselin. An emollient. 
V er atrin. Mixture of alkaloids from saba* 
oleatum 
unguentum 
Veratrum, i 
Externally 
Externally 
1-4 gr. 
0.06-0.26 
dilla seeds. Cardiac depressant and local 
analgesic. 
2 per cent. 
4 per cent. 
Green or white hellebore. Cardiac depres- 
fluidextractum 
1-3 min. 
0.06-0.2 
sant, acting like aconite. 
tinctura 
Verbascum, i 
5-15 mm. 
j-i dr. 
0.3-1.0 
1.0-4.0 
Mullein. Recommended in catarrh of 
Verdigris 
W gr. 
0.008-0.03 
respiratory and urinary passages. 
Copper subacetate. Astringent. Internally, 
in chlorosis. 
Veroform . 
Viburnum, i, opulus 
fluidextractum 
Externally 
j-2 dr. 
|-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
2.0-8.0 
Saponified solution of formaldehyd (1-3 per 
cent, as disinfectant). 
Cramp-bark. Antispasmodic and uterine 
sedative. 
prunifolium 
extractum 
fluidextractum 
2-2 dr. 
3-ro gr- 
J-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
0.2-0.6 
2.0-8.0 
Black haw. Antispasmodic, uterine seda- 
tive. Dysmenorrhea, ovarian irritation, 
threatened abortion. 
Vinegar 
Vinum, i 
album 
antimonii 
5-60 min. 
O.3-4.O 
See Acetum. 
Wine. 
White wine (8.5 to 15 per cent, by volume 
of alcohol). 
Wine of antimony. Expectorant, emetic. 
portense 
rubrum 
xericum 
Vioform 
Externally 
Port wine (15 to 20 per cent, alcohol). 
Red wine (8.5 to 15 per cent, by volume of 
alcohol). 
Sherry wine (15 to 20 per cent, alcohol). 
A quinolin derivative. Substitute for iodo- 
form. 
Viola, a 
10-30 gr. 
0.6-2.0 
Violet. Recommended as an expectorant 
syrupus 
Virginia snakeroot 
Viscum album 
1-2 fl.dr. 
4.O-8.O 
and as an alterative in cancer. 
See Serpentaria. 
Mistletoe. Emetic, purgative. 
Vitriol, blue 
oil of 
white 
Wahoo. 
Warburg's tincture 
Wash, black 
2-4 fl.dr. 
Externally 
8.0-16.0 
See Cupri sulphatis. 
See Acid, sulphuric. 
See Zinci sulphas. 
See Euonymus. 
Tinctura antiperiodica. Quinin with aloes, 
rhubarb, opium, and aromatics. Anti- 
malarial and diaphoretic. 
Lotio nigra. Prepared from calomel and 
lime-water. 
yellow 
Lotio flava. Prepared from corrosive sub- 
limate and lime-water. 
Wax 
Whisky 
White hellebore 
oak 
precipitate 
See Cera. 
See Spiritus frumenti. 
See Veratrum. 
See Quercus alba. 
See Hydrargyri ammoniatum. 
Wild cherry 
sunflower 
Wintergreen 
Witch-hazel 
Wolf'sbane 
Wood oil 
Wool-fat 
Wourara 
Xanthoxylin 
Xanthoxylum, i 
extractum 
i-3 gr. 
10-30 gr. 
3-ro gr- 
0.06-0.2 
0.6-2.0 
0.2-0.6 
See Prunus virginiance. 
See Grindelia robusta. 
See Gaultheria. 
See Hamamelis. 
See Aconitum. 
See Balsamum gurjuna. 
See Adeps lance. 
See Curare. 
Resinoid (eclectic). 
Prickly ash. Alterative, diaphoretic, sialo 
gogue, carminative. Externally, coun- 
fluidextractum 
Xeroform 
Xylol 
10-30 min. 
3-45 gr- 
5-15 min. 
0.6-2.0 
0.2-3.0 
0.3-1.0 
terirritant. 
Bismuth tribromphenylate. Internal and 
external antiseptic. 
Xylene, dimethylbenzene. Antiseptic. 
Recommended in small-pox and respira- 
tory diseases. 1296 
POSOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC TABLE -(Continued) 
Medicines. 
Dose for Adult. 
Gm. or C.c. 
Action and Uses. 
Y east 
|-i fl.oz. 
15-0-30-0 
Fer mentum. Recommended in boils and 
other infections and in diabetes. 
Yellow dock 
See Rumex. 
jasmin 
See Gelsemium. 
wa sh 
See Wash, yellow. 
Yc^ba santa 
See Eriodictyon. 
Yohimbinse hydrochlor- 
idum 
S'-- 
0.003-0.005 
Alkaloid from Yohimbehe bark. Recom 
mended as an aphrodisiac in sexual im 
potence, etc. 
Zea, (By may dis 
j-2 dr. 
2.0-8.0 
Corn silk. Diuretic and sedative to ur ar 
decoctum 
1-2 fl.oz. 
30.0-60.0 
passages, cystitis, etc. 
fluidextractum 
1-2 fl.dr. 
4.0-8.0 
Zin cum, i 
Zinc. The acetate is an astringent. Tl 
acetas 
1-2 gr. 
0.06-0.13 
carbonate and oxid are used as prote' 
bromidum 
3-10 gr. 
0.2-0.6 
tives. The chlorid is caustic. The su 
carbonas prsecipitatus. . 
Externally 
phate in large doses is an emetic; in sma 
chloridum 
Externally 
doses, an astringent. In solution of 0.5 
cyanidum 
Aj-j 8r- 
0.004-0.015 
2 per cent, much used in local catarrl 
hypophosphis 
J-2 gr. 
0.03-0.13 
The phosphid acts like phosphor 
iodidum 
|-2 gr. 
0.03-0.13 
The stearate is a vulnerary and antisep 
oxidum 
1-10 gr. 
0.06-0.6 
dusting-powder. The sulphocarbolate it 
phenolsulphonas 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 
an antiseptic. The valerate is an anti- 
phosphidum 
0.003-0.015 
spasmodic. 
sal icy las 
1-5 gr. 
0.06-0.3 
stearas 
Externally 
sulphas 
10-20 gr. emetic 
O.6-I.3 
sulphocarbolas 
See Zincum phenolsulphonas. 
valeras 
1-3 gr. 
0.06-0.2 
Zingiber, is 
5-20 gr. 
o-3"i-3 
Ginger. Aromatic carminative, flavoring 
fluidextractum 
5-20 min. 
0-3-1-3 
agent. 
oleoresina 
|-2 min. 
0.03-0.13 
syrupus 
f-2 fl.dr. 
2.0-8.0 
tinctura 
20-60 min. 
1.3-4-0