DISTRICT of PENNSYLVANIA, to wit:
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the twelfth day of
February, in the nineteenth year of the Inde—
pendence of the United States of America, ELIZA—
BETH HALL, of the said District, hath deposited in
this Office, the Title of a Book, the right whereof she
claims, as Proprietor, in the words following, to wit:
“ A Synopsis of methodical Nosology, in which the genera of
“ disorders are particularly defined, and the species added with
“ the synonimous of those from Sauvages: by WILLIAM CUL—
“ LEN, M. D. &c. &c. from the fourth edition, corrected and
“ much enlarged. Translated by HENRY WILKINS, M. D.”
in conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, inti—
tuled, “ An act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing
the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Pro—
prietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned.”
SAMUEL CALDWELL, Clerk
of the District of Pennsylvania.

A
SYNOPSIS
OF
METHODICAL NOSOLOGY,
IN WHICH THE
GENERA OF DISORDERS
PARTICULARLY DEFINED,
AND THE
SPECIES ADDED
WITH THE
SYNONIMOUS OF THOSE FROM SAUVAGES.
BY
WILLIAM CULLEN, M. D. &c. &c.
FROM THE FOURTH EDITION CORRECTED AND MUCH ENLARGED.
TRANSLATED BY
HENRY WILKINS, M. D.
PHILADELPHIA:
PRINTED AND SOLD BY PARRY HALL, NO. 149. CHESNUT STREET,
NEAR FOURTH STREET.
M.DCC.XCIII. 



PREFACE.
IT is well known among Physicians, that some disorders
which are different in their nature, or in their proximate cause,
are nevertheless so much alike in external appearance or symp—
toms, that it is very difficult to distinguish one from another.
But as disorders different in their nature require different, and
sometimes even opposite remedies, it becomes a matter of the
greatest importance, that those practising Physic, should distin—
guish for a certainty each disorder from any other.
Whilst Physicians experienced in the practice of the art are
often at a stand about distinguishing disorders, it may be just—
ly complained that medical writings do not always remove the
difficulty. Indeed it has been often observed, that the descrip—
tions or histories of disorders, as they call them, to be found in
the writings of Physicians, for the most part are defective and
imperfect; and there is no one, I think, who will not readily
acknowledge, that histories of disorders are to be wished, fuller,
more exact, and better marked with characters, than we have
hitherto had.
Many indeed conceive the ancient Greek and Roman Phy—
sicians to have been diligent and skilful in observing and
marking the phænomena of disorders; and that there are many
histories of disorders in their writings which may be useful to us.
But to me it either appears a weak  and superstitious veneration
of antiquity, or some ostentation of learning, to have conciliated
an over—estimate of the writings of ancient Physicians. It is
not to be pretended but that among those writings, some are to
be

iv PREFACE.
be found, now and then, which delineate the characters of dis—
orders properly; but those that occur there of this kind, howso—
ever they may be estimated by the Moderns, have taught us
but little; and perhaps they would altogether have escaped our
attention, unless the same thing had first been known to us from
our own observation.
The Moderns seldom turn over the books of the Ancients to
procure the first knowledge of things; but these are most often
searched only that they may support their own discoveries and
observations by such authority.
I am persuaded, that either most of the histories of disorders
which are now found in the writings of the Ancients, belong to
a country very different from ours, and therefore of little use to
us; or that their writings have come to us so injured and chang—
ed, that they can be of little advantage. At least it must be
confessed, that the knowledge to be derived from them, is much
less than the labour of clearing them from ambiguity.
Neither have the Moderns proceeded until very lately, and
but slowly, to advance this branch. For in the sixteenth century
the followers of Galen were engaged, with such great praise in re—
establishing the doctrine of the Ancients, (being almost wholly
employed in explaining and illustrating their writings) that they
gave little assistance in amending and enlarging the history of
disorders.
Nor did the Chemical Physicians of the same age, the violent
enemies of the Galenists, do any more. For being altogether
intent on discovering medicines, and administering them promis—
cuously, they diverted the minds of the people entirely from
the study of disorders.
Hence it happened, that scarce any full or accurate histories
were written from the restoration of letters in the fifteenth cen—
tury to the times of Sydenham. But Sydenham, by that saga—
city and judgment in which he chiefly excelled, conceived that
more diligence was necessary in marking and describing the phæ—
nomena of disorders, and to this end applied himself to careful
observation; by which means he at length published a greater
number, and better descriptions, than any who preceded him.
From that period many Physicians joined their labours in in—
creasing 

v PREFACE.
creasing and rendering more accurate the histories of disorders,
by observations and experiments.
Therefore from the time of Sydenham much labour was use—
fully spent to this purpose; yet I do not think the subject by
any means perfected. Any one, however little experienced in
these things, knows that the histories of disorders which we have,
contain many things with little accuracy, many erroneous, and
many altogether false; and also that from various causes these
faults still prevail. For some writers, to establish their own
pleasing theories, others to conciliate a faith for remedies either
discovered or commended by them, have not discerned the truth,
being blinded by preconceptions, or have even corrupted it by
seigned things and falsehoods. Many being captivated by every
strange thing, which they easily gave faith to, have magnified
the matter beyond all bounds in order to make others believe—In
fine, many, that they might procure same to themselves by ob—
servations, (so much desired at present) have wrote in their clo—
sets feigned histories for realities. All these things concerning
the hitherto imperfect description of diseases, might be clearly
proved, if I was to investigate more particularly; but I pass
them over for the present, only wishing to point out one fault
in the writing of histories, chiefly belonging to our subject.
Even many Physicians of the best credit, diligently engaged
in observing disorders, have frequently, in writing histories of
them, overdone the thing; for they have not only enumerated
the symptoms that are inseparable and always present in each
disorder, but even more, and indeed all that attend at any time.
Thus they have set down the uncommon symptoms, and these
not necessarily connected, and also many altogether adventitious
and accidental; whilst at the same time they have totally ne—
glected to distinguish those unusual and accidental, from the
more common and inseparable. Thus, whilst they were endea—
vouring to render the history of disorders very full, which might
assist to distinguish one from another, they have missed it; nay,
they have made it more difficult.
Those practising medicine have often complained of this, re—
dundance; they wished what are called the Pathognomonics;
that is, that those few symptoms might be set, down which are
so

vi PREFACE.
so proper to each disorder, that from them alone any one
might be quickly and certainly distinguished from another.—
But these kind of pathognomonics are not yet given in the writ—
ings of Physicians, nor are they assigned to each disorder, nor
can they be, unless by a methodical Nosology properly formed.
Long since, indeed, Sydenham and the learned Baglivi wished all
disorders to be referred, by a rule of botanical form, to genera
and species, proper characters being affixed, that they might be
more easily and certainly distinguished; that is, that a methodi—
cal Nosology might be instituted. Other Physicians also, of
great character, approved of this design; and every one that is
in practice might greatly wish it was done.
However, (whether indeed from the small prospect of advan—
tage, or the foreseen difficulty of the work, is not certain)
nothing of this kind was done till the celebrated Francis Bossier
De Sauvages attempted it about the year 1732.
What Felix Platerus in the end of the sixteenth century at—
tempted, in arranging disorders according to their symptoms,
may in some measure be referred to this. But those endeavours
were so rude and imperfect, that it could scarce be expected that
any would follow them; and no one, as far as we know, car—
ried it through before Sauvages.
It is not to be pretended but Platerus suggested some things
to Sauvages; yet few, and those not very advantageous, and
which would have never been of use to any one, unless Sauvages
with better expectation, had carried on a much more extensive
work. He at first proceeded slowly and dubiously, and having
attempted it again and again, did not publish his methodical
Nosology (edit. ann. 1762) till after extensive reading and assi—
duous study for thirty years.
In the mean time two other attempts in methodical Nosology
were made; one by C. Linmœus, a man much celebrated, and
greatly engaged in the methodical distribution of things; the
other by the learned Rudolph. Aug. Vogel, Professor at Gottin—
gen. Yet the work appears to be little promoted by either, as
they followed too closely in the track of Sauvages.
I have been long satisfied of the utility of such a work, and
as soon as I was appointed to teach the Practice of Physic in this
University. 

vii PREFACE.
University, I thought it my duty to entice our pupils to the stu—
dy of Nosology; and that I might effect this more easily, I took
care that as many books as would tend to this, should be publish—
ed and put into their hands.
I took from Sauvages (not very full of other useful things)
those only which pertain to the distinguishing the genera and
species of disorders, and with these I published the whole books
of Linnæus and Vogel together.
These authors, without doubt, deserve some praise; for al—
though their works do not by any means appear to be perfect,
nor to be capable of affording much service to inexperienced
students, yet some advantage may be gained from them by those
skilled in the art, and who have been engaged for some time in
distinguishing disorders.
It will be difficult to make this work perfect immediately, nor
can it be done in my opinion, unless by repeated trials. There—
fore I have thought it not only allowable but beneficial, to pro—
mote this nosological work as much as I could; and with this
motive have attempted a  method in some measure new, and
published it with those mentioned above. This, although not
complete in every particular, yet I hope will be found more
accurate than the former in some things.
Those who devoted themselves to this study before us, attempt—
ed it, in my opinion, not so wisely; for they immediately em
ployed themselves in forming governing genera of classes and or—
ders, paying little attention to the species. But species are only—
formed by nature, and the formation of genera is the concepti—
on of the human mind, which will be fallacious and uncertain
until all the species have been well marked and attended to; and
unless we pay attention to the species in forming genera, our la—
bour will be vain and unprofitable.
The formation of governing genera is not yet finished in any
system of things. For classes, or even orders, perfectly natural,
are not yet every where constituted either in the vegetable or
animal system.
A method of fossils is even more difficult, and perhaps for dis—
eases will be the most difficult of all. Let us see, therefore, how
we  may be able to manage this in the best manner.
As 

viii PREFACE.
As the things to be distinguished are very numerous, it appears
useful and necessary that they mould be referred to some govern—
ing genera; but as the species of things are not very numerous,
and the remembering of each one enumerated does not exceed
the capacity of most men, it scarce seemed necessary to be very
careful in referring each to classes and orders.
Thus the illustrious De Busson thought it unnecessary to refer
quadrupeds, whose species are few, to classes and orders; and
considered what others attempted to this end to be frivolous, and
to have led the studious to a troublesome denomination.
However, I cannot altogether agree with this illustrious and
excellent man. For although the institution of classes and or—
ders of diseases cannot be made sufficiently perfect for their in—
vestigation, nor be very necessary for ascertaining the num—
ber of them, yet I think it is to be attempted in some way, and
diligently to be prosecuted to greater accuracy.
Nevertheless, if we are careful to guard against the deception
which may arise from the characters of classes and orders, (and
if I am not deceived we shall often have to be careful) I contend
that even the institution of classes and orders will assist in many
cases the distinguishing of species more fully and distinctly. For
although it be impossible to obtain an institution of this kind,
every where certain and always accurate, yet I should think
those endeavours would tend greatly towards accomplishing it;
for by these often coming into view, they would thence lead
to useful disquisitions in pathology as well as the history of dis—
orders. Surely, when we wish to inquire diligently about the
nature of disorders, they are to be distinguished by the symptoms
proper to each, as well as by those proper to some others; which
is nothing more than that disorders should be distinguished by
genera and species, as any thing else in the nature of things is
distinguished, and this kind of distinction of genera necessarily
requires a notation of the general as well as the more particular
symptoms.
Whatsoever use may be derived from the formation of clas—
ses and orders of diseases, it certainly must be allowed that the
most attentive Nosologists have not yet obtained the desired suc—
cess. And it happens from seeing this work so imperfect, that
some

ix PREFACE.
some have disregarded all Nosology, whilst others have judged it
impracticable.
Those who think it impracticable, are certainly deceived.
All confess that the distinction of disorders is sometimes difficult,
but it also must be confessed that in most cases it is possible; for
if any one denies this, he might as well have said that there is
nothing in the Medical Art. If indeed Physicians are able to
distinguish disorders, they may also say for a certainty by what
symptoms they did it; but these symptoms must be the very same
as those which define each disorder by genera and species; which,
again, can only be set forth by a nosological form rightly insti—
tuted. Therefore, I do not at all hesitate to affirm, that the
distinction of disorders hitherto often dubious, will become more
certain by a methodical Nosology. Moreover, it is to be ob—
served, that as often as we shall endeavour to explain this kind
of distinction of disorders, this advantage will arise, that its
defects or errors may be easily perceived, and when perceived,
they will lead more accurately to inspect observations already
made, or to making future ones more attentively. But they
will also be of much use to render methodical Nosology, as
well as the distinction of disorders, more perfect at last
It remains that we now set forth in these prefatory pages, the
rules which I have observed in this work, and those that I wish
to be attended to by others.
It was our first and chief care that the species of disorders
which attend the sick, should be discovered and distinguished.
But as the species can scarcely be defined properly, unless the
genus is shewn; and as most of the genera pointed out by
Nosologists are only of one species, it so happens that even
our labours appear unpaid, especially in distinguishing genera.
Nevertheless we have always paid attention to the species, and
we hope that the characters of genera, given by us, will be every
where useful to distinguish them.
In reciting the genera of disorders, I have inserted fewer
than are mentioned in other systems; which, if I have done
right, will be of much advantage to students, who at first
are easily confused in contemplating a multitude of things.
B For 

x PREFACE.
For although I may have sometimes erred in diminishing the
number, yet I think it was safely attempted; for when our
pupils have paid proper attention to those, (that can be so easi—
ly and certainly distinguished) I believe that they will after—
wards easily find out such as may by chance be omitted.
But the genera of disorders with us are necessarily fewer than
with other Nosologists; because it appears that many that are
accounted for, and set down as different by others, are no ways
different, and therefore placed by us under one head; and the
reasons of this will afterwards appear in their proper places. In
the mean time it is to be remembered, that many which appear
at first sight to be omitted, are not altogether put out of the
reader's fight, for they are enumerated as synonimous with the
genera of those to which we think they belong, and still re—
tain a place in the index. And again, the genera of disorders
defined by us, are fewer than those enumerated by others;
because we judged that none should be recited but the primary
and idiopathic; whilst many are taken notice of by others that
are only sympathic, or symptoms, never existing alone; and
therefore not to be received for primary disorders. Thus car—
phologia*, stretching, rigor, freezing, gaping, hiccough, snoring, anxi—
ety, lassitude, stupor, itching, coldness and with, that are enumerated
by Sauvages, and other things that are recited by others for
genera, are altogether omitted by us, and with propriety, un—
less we wish to have as many genera of disorders as there are
symptoms.
In fine, the genera of disorders with us are fewer, as we
have omitted many out of the classes of BLEMISHES and DE—
FORMITIES, either because the disorders are so slight that they
do not deserve attention, or because being connatural and im—
mutable, they entirely escape the art of Physicians. Thus we
think that lentigo, leuce, cyasma, seline, and cicatrix, from the
class of blemishes; and phoxos, gibber, rhyssemata, canities, coloboma,
nœvus, monstrositas, rhicnosis, varus, valgus, leiopedes, saniodes,
cripsorchis, hermaphroditus, dionysiscus, galiancon, galbulus, and
others of the class of deformities enumerated by Vogel, were
rightly
* Carphologia, a sort of convulsive motion of the hands, by which the sick
person appears to be pulling the pile from the clothes, to gather motes, hunt
flies, &c. 

xi PREFACE. 
rightly omitted by us. These kinds of blemishes and deform—
ities, perhaps might be enumerated in a pathology, or gene—
ral history of changes which the body undergoes upon eve—
ry occasion; but to load a methodical Nosology with such
frivolous things, or to interrupt it with so many useless ap—
pellations, does not appear at all proper. The reader may
therefore judge, how deservedly the celebrated Sagar boasted
that he had increased the number of genera. But there are
other disorders worthy indeed to be mentioned, which the read—
er will not so easily forgive for omitting.
These omissions I acknowledge and lament indeed; but there
are many reasons why some disorders might be omitted here.
In the first place, it may happen that some entirely escaped our
notice; and again, there are some of sufficient importance for
which there was no place in our Nosology; and in fine, there
are others that could not have a place nor a suitable character,
because the history of them is so imperfect.
But left the genera should be altogether left out, I have sub—
joined at the end of the work a catalogue of as many as I know
to be omitted, that some of more sagacity, in time to come,
weighing them more diligently, might assign characters and pla—
ces for them.
With the same design I have not only reduced the genera,
but the species also, to a smaller number: this may seem a great—
er essay, since no real species can be rightly omitted.
Indeed I should not have attempted to recite the species;
(the difficulty of the work made me so dubious, and hitherto so
long doubtful; and I only should have attempted to exhibit the
species of Sauvages a little more clear and amended in order)
but having weighed the subject more fully and accurately, I
thought that the number of those species, which I am about to
recite, would be a great deal less than those enumerated by
Sauvages.
He indeed was the only one (for I do not regard Sagar) that
did any thing in reciting species, and although an excellent
man (deserving great merit in medicine, for his many observa—
tions collected from every source,) it is not to be pretended but
that he blundered greatly in many cases, whilst he set down the
very 

xii PREFACE.
very same species, found under different appellations, for differ—
ent species, and especially whilst he mingled sympathic species
so frequently with idiopathic, by which means he often in—
creased their number beyond bounds. I have done as much as
I could to remove those errors, having reduced the numerous spe—
cies of Sauvages as properly as I was able.
That I might effect this, in the first. place I accounted for
one and the same many inserted by Sauvages for different spe—
cies, and put them under one title; the reasons of which will
be afterwards given in their proper places; and then, as I wished
to set down only idiopathic species for true and genuine, I took
away as many from the number of Sauvages, as I looked upon
to be symptomatical. But as there may be some use in reciting
the symptomatics, I have recited them again by themselves.
In fine, another reason, and the chief one, why the num—
ber mentioned by Sauvages should be diminished, is because I
have looked upon many enumerated by him for different spe—
cies, as only varieties, and have put them down as such.
But it is a thing which appears very difficult in Nosology,
to say for a certainty what is to be reckoned a species of a disor—
der, and what only a variety of the same species. For since that
criterion which can be used in zoology and phytology, to dis—
tinguish pretty certainly the species from the varieties, is not at
all to be found in methodical Nosology; the distinguishing vari—
eties from species will be every where the more difficult. For
which reason I thought the reciting many varieties would be
the most safe, and almost necessary. But considering distinc—
tions of this kind would be very useful in practice, I have en—
deavoured to give them a place generally; but if I have not done
it in every instance, I seem to have acted with an equal good
judgment, at least with some appearance of it, having diligent—
ly considered consequences.
When any disorder which afflicts a number of people, shows
every characteristic symptom of a particular species, and these
alone in each person, although they may be more lenient in one
and more violent in another; we do not suppose this exempli—
sies a different species, and in general we think disorders differ—
ing 

xiii PREFACE.
ing only in degree, are nothing more than varieties. There is
then only room for a doubt in distinguishing a VARIETY from a
SPECIES, when in disorders that attack different men, there are
some of the usual symptoms of the peculiar species absent or
some added.
When there are some of the usual symptoms absent, as often
as we can make the distinction between those which are more and
those which are less essential, we conclude from the absence of
the latter that it is only a variety.
But when some others happen to be added to the characteris—
tic symptoms, if the added ones can rather be looked upon as
symptoms of symptoms, than symptoms of the cause of the dis—
order, they only constitute a variety. Again, when the added
symptoms are altogether unusual to the given species, and at the
same time the chief circumstances of the disorder appear little or
not at all altered, this also is only to be looked upon as a variety.
As a genus may arise from different principles, and likewise
from a diversity of origin, a difference in species may be the con—
sequence, but not always; for as often as that difference is small,
and the symptoms little changed by it, we would think that
this likewise only exhibits a variety.
Likewise the genus may be of a different species from the di—
versity of its seat; but as often as neither the structure of the
part, nor the mode of function differs, although the seat be dif—
ferent, this is nevertheless to be looked upon only as a variety.
MOREOVER, whilst we here treat of distinguishing disorders from
one another; I could wish it to be observed, that there are
two things which are of much consequence to point out the
similarity and affinity of disorders in different people.
The one is, that some similarity of the cause argues a similari—
ty of disorder produced by it. Thus when the disorders arise from
one and the same cause, and also when that cause is necessary to
produce the disorder in each person affected; and in fine, when
the same cause appears to be every where of the same quality and
power, then at any rate we may judge the disorders produced
from such a cause are of the same kind, or very much alike.
The 

xiv PREFACE.
This ippears to me to be the case in most contagious disor—
ders. For there are some of these that originate in a number of
people from the same specific contagion; nor is the disorder ever
observed to arise in any of them, except from the application of
that contagion; and both the strength and quality of it appears
to be every where the same. With regard to what I have
just said, there may appear some doubt; but when the effects
observed now for many ages, are always and in every place very
much alike, we justly conclude that it is the same in quality and
strength; and especially for this reason, because the effects, as
far as they appear different, can be generally attributed to some
peculiarity of condition of the affected person, better than to
any difference in the quality or strength of the contagion.
Therefore we must believe that disorders which arise from the
same specific contagion, are very much alike in nature; it is in—
deed scarcely to be expected, that disorders of this kind should
shew any more than a single species of the same genus; nay the
difference that is sometimes to be observed in them, only indi—
cates a variety of the same species.
I would have all this not only applied to exanthematic conta—
gious fevers, but also to most epidemic fevers. But in advanc—
ing this opinion concerning the similitude of epidemic fevers, I
am forced to differ from the great authority of Sydenham, who
considered these kinds of fevers to be of many species. Whe—
ther right or no, I doubt much; and I leave the dispute to be
decided by posterity; at the same time I advise those who prac—
tice much in future, to satisfy themselves of the truth of the one
or the other opinion, or rather to determine what bounds are to
fixed to each.
Another thing, which may shew the similarity of disorders in
different persons, is their being cured by the same medicines.
The likeness of disorders truly consists in the similarity of their
proximate cause, whatsoever that may be; but as medicines
are only applied to them for the purpose of removing their
proximate cause, it must necessarily be, that disorders which
are cured altogether by the same remedies are of the same
nature.
This 

xv PREFACE.
This kind of reasoning will surely have much weight in point—
ing out the nature of inflammations cured by bloodletting, as well
as of intermittent fevers cured by bark. But this doctrine, how—
soever useful it may sometimes be in the practice of medicine, is
fallacious, and I think is not to be admitted either in the prac—
tice, or in methodical Nosology, except with some caution.
Indeed with common practitioners, the same kind of medicines
appears to be given in any species of the same genus, and in the
varieties of these; and hence many genera might not appear in
any wise to differ from the species. But the more skilful know
that disorders, in any manner different, are seldomer cured
by the very same remedies than is supposed. They also well
know that it happens from the promiscuous use of medicines,
that the same remedies are so often frustrated, or at least the
cure is less perfect. Moreover the most experienced are ac—
quainted that to treat disorders properly, there is an absolute ne—
cessity that the remedies should be accurately accommodated not
only to the genus, but to each species, and also often to some
of the varieties.
I have thought, that to render the art of medicine shorter,
and thence easier, every species of disorder should be distinguish—
ed from its varieties. Yet I confess that this distinction in ma—
ny cases is somewhat uncertain, and I have supposed it safest,
to mark and recite most of the varieties. This therefore I have
endeavoured to do every where, leaving it to some more wise,
who may hereafter choose to devote themselves to this work,
to fix a more accurate discrimination. Having now shewn up—
on what principle I have endeavoured to lessen the number of
genera, as well as of species; it remains that I now mention
in what manner the characters of those I have admitted are
formed.
In the first place, I have every where selected the exter—
nal marks that are easily to be observed, having let alone, or
rather rejected any conjectures about the internal state of the
body. Moreover, I have always rather preferred those per—
ceptable symptoms, such as were obvious to the Physician, than
those perceived by the patient. However, the latter are not
altogether to be neglected or omitted, howsoever fallacious they
may be. 
In 

xvi PREFACE.
In the second place, I conceived that those symptoms were
especially to be selected for characteristic marks, which always
attend the disorder, and this I think ought indeed chiefly to be
aimed at. But as many disorders in their course put on quite
different forms, a character is often of necessity to be sought for
in these, from a series of circumstances, and the symptoms that
succeed each other.
But in treating this subject a two—fold question arises, the first
part of it is, whether it be proper to take part of the character
from the cause of the disorder? To this it may be answered, that
although the judgment of Physicians, formed from the cause,
may often be fallacious and altogether false; and therefore not
to be rashly admitted to distinguish disorders, nevertheless the
same may sometimes be easily and certainly known, and I think
that causes of this kind may be properly received in Nosology
for marks of characters.
The other part of the question here arising is, at what time in
the course of the symptoms may the character be taken? To
this also it may be answered, that since many disorders, as erup—
tive fevers and intermittents, cannot be distinguished in any
manner, till after some days, by the series of symptoms; there
is a necessity that the character should be taken from that series.
But characters in Nosology, ought not to be usurped by any
means, till after a long continuance of the disorder, perhaps not
till it is finished. Thus, with the illustrious Linnæus, the charac—
ters of what he calls continent fevers, which was taken from
the length of the whole disorder, are altogether improper.
The third rule in forming the characters is, that as almost
every disorder is solely to be distinguished by a concurrence of
many symptoms; as many as may suffice are to be taken from
those for characteristics, and no more are to be admitted.
Former Nosologists appear to me to have been too brief, and
deficient in the characters which they have given, and perhaps
I may be blamed for having been too prolix and redundant. I
confess that I have laboured to be every where full, supposing
it to be most prudent to approach to redundancy; for it will
be much easier for posterity to take away what is superfluous,
than to add what may be deficient.
In 

xvii PREFACE.
In fine, in constituting the characters of disorders. it is a
question, whether any marks may be taken, from the defect
of any function, which is exercised in health, or from the ab—
sence of symptoms that attend in other genera and species? Sau—
vages would not admit the defect of functions for disorders, be—
cause they indicated nothing positive; therefore he altogether
omitted to put down many that are recited by Linnæus, under
the order of CONSTRICTIONS, and by Vogel under the class of
EPISCHESES. 
But, begging the pardon of this great man, I might have said;
although a defect, strictly speaking, may indicate nothing posi—
tive, yet the defect of a function, exercised in health, exhibits
the state of the human body, which is very useful and even
necessary to be ascertained, and this state may properly be ac—
counted a disorder. Moreover, although they are sometimes
observed in some people, without being troublesome, or without
the symptom of a disorder, yet they would produce great unea—
siness, and many symptoms in most people. In these therefore,
the defect of functions, (often the manifest cause of symptoms)
may be looked upon as a disorder; and it is proper and necessa—
ry in many disorders, to take characteristic symptoms from it.
Sauvages himself seems in this case to be inconsistent, institut—
ing a class of debilities, and enumerating defect of memory,
continued watching, ischury, and even others, as genera.
With regard to marks from the absence of symptoms, that
accompany other genera of the same fort, they are not good,
and I think are to be every where avoided. But in many they
could not be avoided as far as I can see, nor have they been as
yet avoided by any Nosologists.
As characters of disorders are to be constituted agreeably to
these rules, it is of much consequence to orm them with accu—
rate and clear language; and no less, to distinguish each disor—
der with a suitable name. The learned botanists know that
Linnæus made the arrangement of plants more perfect, by insti—
tuting more accurate language, having, every where used the
most perfect names and definitions; nor indeed do I doubt but
that the delineation of a disorder, like that of a plant by Lin—
C nœus, 

xviii PREFACE.
nœus, would be of much use in Nosology. But it does not ap—
pear here so necessary as in botany, because there are not so
many particulars in the former as in the latter; as well as be—
cause the system of symptoms exhibited in almost every general
system of pathology is now of much service in this point. It is
indeed to be acknowledged, that the common systems of symp—
toms in vogue are not so full nor exact as is requisite; and if
they could be more full, and names were always used more suit—
able, and accurately defined, they certainly would be of great
service to perfect Nosology.
But in an attempt of this kind, care is to be taken left we
admit too subtle and doubtful distinctions, as I think was done
by the author of Clinical Observations, published at Warsaw in
the years 1767 and 1768. I have indeed never attempted any—
thing of this kind, because it required more leisure than I have
had for a long while, as well as because it did not seem requisite
for me, having studied to use almost every where the most usual
names with Physicians, and in the vulgar sense.
With respect to the denomination of differs, under the
names Classes, Orders, and Genera, I have observed those
rules which are delivered by Linnæus in his Botanical Criticisms
and Botanical Philosophy. Whenever any new ideas are to be ad—
vanced, new names are also to be affixed, and we have sometimes
though sparingly admitted such.
But as it is improper to change medical nomenclature that has
been confirmed by long use, unless for a very good reason, we
have taken care that it should not be done every where; which
nevertheless we have observed Linnæus to have often done with—
out necessity, and Vogel has debased Nosology with new, frivo—
lous, and improper appellations.
That the knowledge of the disorders might be rendered more
conspicuous and certain, we have every where affixed the names
of other Nosologists, as well as of the most celebrated Authors,
to the select appellations. This I have attended to the more
particularly, that students might know from what writings the
knowledge of disorders might be best obtained.
In reciting the synonima of species, I have omitted the ap—
pellations which Sagar used; because he, in omitting the syno—
nima 

xix PREFACE.
nima of other authors every where, often left us uncertain about
the species which he wished to point out; as also because it ap—
pears to us that he was not very skillful in reciting the species,
and neglected every good rule of methodical Nosology.
I have omitted the synonima of ancient Physicians, not be—
caufe I though: their writings are altogether to be neglected,
but because I was unable to point them out with sufficient cer—
tainty, and with advantage.
Edinburgh, 1785.
A SERIES 



A 
SERIES
OF
CLASSES and ORDERS*.
CLASS I. FEBRILE DISORDERS.
ORDER I. FEVERS. 
II. INFLAMMATIONS.
III. ERUPTIONS.
IV. HÆMORRHAGIES.
V. FLUXES.
CL. II. NERVOUS DISORDERS.
OR. I. DEPRIVATIONS OF VOLUN—
TARY MOTION.
II. DEPRIVATIONS OF THE VITAL
OR NATURAL ACTIONS.
III. SPASMS.
IV. DISORDERS OF THE INTEL—
LECTUAL FUNCTIONS.
* Linnæus, Vogel, and Sagar, have followed in almost every particular, the
institution of classes given at first by Sauvages. But as many of their classes, viz.
a Blemishes, B Affections of the respiatory Organs, c Pains, and D Fluxes, are nei—
ther natural nor in any manner proper, I could not follow such a plan. Therefore
I have published another, more simple, (as it appears to me) and in every thing
more proper. It may seem, perhaps, that these are even less perfect, because the
distinction will not be every where easy between the disorders of the whole system
placed
[ A Vitia. B Anhelationes. C Dolores. D Fluxus.] 

[22]
CL. III. CACHEXIES.
OR. I. EMACIATIONS.
II. SWELLINGS.
III. DEPRAVATIONS.
CL. IV. LOCAL DISORDERS.
OR. I. INJURIES OF THE SENSES.
II. DISORDERS OF APPETITE.
III. INJURIES OF ACTION.
IV. PROFUSIONS OF THE FLUIDS.
V. SUPPRESSIONS OF EXCRETI—
ONS.
VI. TUMORS.
VII. DISPLACEMENTS.
VIII. SOLUTIONS OF UNITED
PARTS.
placed in the three first classes, and those of a particular part, or local, placed in the
fourth class. This indeed, we grant, may sometimes happen, though rarely. But
nething better now suggests itself to us, and we are not very solicitous about a per—
fect institution of classes, for the reasons alledged in the Preface, page viii.

Class I. Pyrexies, or Febrile
Disorders.
CHARACTER. After a shivering a frequent pulse,
increased heat, injury of many functions, dimi—
nished strength, especially of the limbs*.
SYNONIMOUS. Febrile diSorders of Authors.
Order I. Fevers.
CHA. A pyrexy without a primary local disorder
succecding a languor, lassitude, and other lymp—
toms of debility.
Fevers of authors, Sauvages CI. II. Vogel CI. I. Sagar CI. XII.
Critical febrile disorders, Linnæus CI. II.
* It may be proper to excuse, in some manner, what may be blamed in us. here
and in many following places. Thus it may be said, that Pyrexies are sometimes
seen which were preceded by no chill, and others in which the pulse was not more
frequent, nor the heat greater, than is common in health; therefore the character
given is neither true, nor every where to be admitted. I will not deny that Py—
rexies of the fame kind have fometimes (though very rarely) been hen; but in ad—
mitting the character of classes to distinguish the species, it did not seem necessary
that every particular of the class should appear in each species; and it is enough if
most of them are present in any species.
Every proper character ought to mark a concurrence of many particulars or symp—
toms. And Vogel, with the ancients, has improperly placed only an increase of
heat, as Sylvius and the celebrated Boerhaave, among the moderns, only the velo—
city of the pulse; for the character of a Pyrexy or fever. Surely those who pro—
nounce a fever to be present, although the pulse be no more frequent than natural,
judge from other symptoms than the quickness of the pulse; which shows the mark—
ing of more symptoms to be necessary in any character.
Moreover, I wish it to be observed, that the velocity of the pulse alone in no wise
always indicates the presence of a fever; for the pulse becomes quicker than natu—
ral from many external causes, without disorder or the injury of any of the functions.
All possible attention has been paid to these doubts, concerning the character of Py—
rexy, in the character given by us, Cut in the other characters of classes and or—
ders, it is scarce possible to be so fortunate; and in characters in general, if they
can be properly admitted to most of the species, I do not regard a few exceptions.—
It satisfies me to have been for the most part useful; to be every where perfect I do
not expect. 

24 GENERA OF
SECT. I. INTERMITTENTS.
CHA. Fevers arising from the miasma of marshes;
continuing with many paroxysms, an apyrexy,
at least an evident remission being interposed,
with a perceptable exacerbation, and returning
for the most part with chills: only a single pa—
roxysm on any day*.
Intermittents of authors, S. CI. II. Or. III. L. CI. II. Or. II.
V. CI. I. Or. I. Sag. CI. XII. Or. III.
Remittents of authors, S. CI. II. Or. II. Sag. CI. XII. Or. II†.
Exacerbating, L. CI. II. Or. III.
Continued, V. CI. I. Or. II‡.
Continued periodical, Sennertus.
Continued remittents, Boerhaave.
Formed from a short period, Funker.
Continued proportional remittents, Torti.
Continuing, Morton.
Genus I. TERTIAN.
CHA. Similar paroxysms at intervals of about forty
eight hours: with meridian accessions.
Tertian of authors, S. 88. L. 16. Vogel 2. Sag. Hoffman. Sthal:
Cleghorn. Senac.
* Whoever will consider what is to be presently said about distinguishing remit—
tent fevers (which appear continued) from those more strictly called continued, will
easily see why I have been under the necessity of changing the character given be—
fore of intermittents, as well as of continued fevers.
† The nosologists Sauvages, Linnæus and Sagar have instituted a separate order
of remittent fevers, as if altogether different from true intermittents; yet not so pro—
perly, if I am allowed to judge. For what are called remittents, proceed from the
same cause (viz. the miasma of marshes) as intermittents, both attack epidemically
in the same places and at the same time of year, and both are cured by exactly the
same kind of remedies: also, the same disorder is very often seen in the same person,
which one while exhibits the type of an intermittent, and at another that of a re—
mittent. Therefore disorders which are very like in causes, cure and type, should
not be separated into a different order nor section.
‡ Vogel, yet more improperly, has joined all remittents with continued fevers.
What we call continued all indeed show remissions and exacerbations, but they are
justly to be separated from remittents and intermittents. They differ very much
from many others, as will be presently shown. 

25 DISORDERS. 
A tertian differs
I. An apyrexy being interposed, which varies
1. In the duration of the paroxysm.
A. A tertian with paroxysms not exceeding twelve
hours.
Legitimate tertian, S. Sennert. Hoff.
True tertian, Cleghorn.
B. Tertian with paroxysms exceeding twelve hours.
False or spurious tertian, S. Clegh. Hoff.
2. In the return of the paroxysm.
C. Tertian returning daily, with unequal paroxysms
alternately alike.
Double tertian, S. Sennert. Vogel G. 12. Cleghorn.
Duplicana, L. 18.
D. Tertian returning on alternate days, with two
paroxysms on the same day.
Duplicate tertian, S. Jones. Riverius.
E. Tertian returning daily with two paroxysms on
one day, and only one on the next.
Triple tertian, S. Clegh. Hoff.
Semitertian of the first order. Galen.
F. Tertian returning daily, with a more observable
remission between the dissimilar and similar
day, a less between the similar and dissimilar.
Semitertian remittent. Celsus.
Semitettian. Cleghorn*.
Semitertian of the second order. Galen.
Quotidian semitertian remittent. S.
Quotidian bastard—semitertian remittent. S.
3. In the symptoms.
G. Tertian being accompanied with soporous af—
fections.
D
* Perhaps any semitertian may be referred to the remittents; and although I
have been unwilling to separate the affinities, I confess the bounds cannot be fixed
sufficiently accurate. 

26 GENERA OF
Carotic tertian. S. Werlhof.
Hemiplegic tertian. S. Werlhof.
Soporous quotidian. Car. Pis.
Fever attacking the head. Sydenh.
H. Tertian with spasms and convulsive motions.
Asthmatic tertian. S. Bonctus.
Hysteric tertian. S. Wedell.
Febricose hysteria. S. G. 135.
Epileptic tertian. S. Caller. Lautter.
Epileptic quotidian. S. Edinb. Essays, Vol. V. P. II. art. 49.
Febricose ecclampsia*. S. G. 133.
Febricose epilepsy. S. G. 134.
Tertian with tetanic affections. Beobacht.
Febricose tetanus. S. G. 122. Stork.
I. With efflorescences of the skin.
Petechial tertian. S. Donat. Lautter.
Scorbutic tertian. Wedel.
Tertian with rash. S. Planchon. Clegh.
Miliary tertian. S. Walther. Roncal.
K. Accompanied with inflammation.
Pleuritic tertian. S. Valesius. Lautter.
Periodical pleurify. S. G. 103.
Arthritic tertian. S. Morton. Laut.
4. Being complicated with other disorders.
Scorbutic tertian. S. Etmuller. Tima.
Syphilitic tertian. S. Deldier.
Tertian with worms. S. Stiffer. Lands. Pringle. Ramazzini.
Van den Bosch.
5. In the cause of its beginning†.
Accidental tertian. S. Sydenham.
Tertian from the itch repelled. Funck. Hoff.
[* Ecclampsia: An acute clonic spasm of most of the joints or muscles, with
an obscuration of the senses. T.] '
† Indeed we allow no sufficient cause of intermittent fevers, besides the miasma of
mashes; but as this is not always sufficient to bring about the disorder, unless other
exciting causes at the same time concur to act, we admit these exciting powers for 
part of the cause.

27 DISORDERS.
II. Only a remission being interposed*.
Tertian remittent. S. G. 85. Sagar.
Exacerbating tertian. Linnæus.
Exacerbating semitertian. L.
Remittent and continued tertians of authors.
Intervening proportionate tertians, advancing in their progress
to the continued form. Tort.
Tertian advancing towards a continued. S.
Deceptive quotidian. S.
Quotidian semiquintan remittent. S.
Deceptive tertian remittent. S.
The chief of the attended tertians of Torti are,
A. Choleric or dysenteric tertian. Tort. Lautt. Morton.
B. Tertian with a discharge somewhat sanguineous, or of black.
bile. Tort. This was never seen by Cleghorn.
C. Tertian with pain in the stomach. Tort. Lautt.
Quotidian remittent, with affections of the stomach and
syncope†. S.
Tertian remittent, with anxiety. S.
Continued fever with anxiety. Vogel.
D. Diaphoretic tertian. Tort.
Tertian remittent with colliquative sweat. S.
Diaphoretic tertian remittent. S‡.
Continued sweating fever. Vogel.
E. Fainting tertian. Tort. Lautter.
Fainting tertian remittent. S.
Quotidian remittent with syncope. S.
Humoral quotidian remittent. S.
Continued fainting fever. Vogel.
F. Frigid tertian. Tort. Lautter.
Quotidian remittent with spasmodic affections. S.
* Tertian remittents vary so much in the manner of their type, as well as of their
symptoms, and the different forms of them so often interchange in the same person,
that nothing could be offered, in naming them, that would always hold good. But I
have recited what Torti called accompanied tertians, to wit, those which are attended
with some peculiar and important symptom. Furthermore, that other things pertain—
ing to this might be understood, I have enumerated more authors who have written
well of tertian remittents, and have exhibited the principal examples of them.
†The distinction between the quotidian remittent and the tertian remittent,
is often as difficult as between quotidians and double tertians. But quotidians are
much rarer than tertians, and the experienced, know that the animal œconomy
is most prone to the tertian type, hence I have referred more quotidian remittents
o the tertian remittents. But those who are eye witnesses may judge.
‡ I am not certain about the type of the sweating fever, which sauvages has set
down in this place from the description of Boyer; and I had rather it should be re—
ferred to typhus. 

28 GENERA OF
Quotidian remittent with constant chills. S.
Tertian remittent, with an internal burning. S.
Tertian with internal burning. Valcarcnghi.
Continued fever with rigors and internal burning. V.
G. Lethargic tertian. Tort.
Comatose tertian remittent. S. Lautt.
Apoplectic tertian. Morton.
Soporose tertian. Werlhof.
Epidemic fever of the city Vetana. Lancisi.
The following are the chief examples of tertian
remittents known to us.
Burning fever. Hippoc.
Ardent tertian remittent. S.
Ardent fever. Boerhaave.
Ardent or burning remittent. Macbride.
Pernicious tertian. Mercatus.
Pestilential tertian. P. S. Diversus.
Malignant pestilential tertian. Riverius.
Hungarian disorder, Lang. Lemb. Sennert. Jordan.
Pannonian languor. Cober.
Hungarian quotidian remittent. S. ☞ See the peculiarities
under Typhus.
Pestilential semitertian remittent. Schenck.
Pestilential fever of the Ægyptians. Alpin.
Epidemic tertian fever. Bartholin.
Autumnal epidemic fevers of 1657 and 1658. Willis.
Malignant epidemic fever, from 1658 to 1664—1673 to
1691. Morton.
Incipient autumnal fevers. 1661. 1664. 1678 et feq. Sydenham.
Epidemic affection of Leyden. Sylv.
Epidemic disorder of Leyden. 1669. Fanois.
Pernicious, and pestilential, and epidemic camp tertians. Lancisi.
Anomalous and intermittent fevers of a bad fort. Hoff.
Less acute choleric fever. Hoff.
Epidemic of Leyden. 1719. Koker.
Marsh quotidian remittent. S.
Marsh fever. Pringle.
The Bononian winter constitution, in 1729. Beccari.
Bilious quotidian remittent. S.
Bilious remittent. Macbride.
Camp fever. Pringle.
Putrid epidemic fever. Huxham. 1729.
Lausanian bilious fever. Tissot.
Wratislavian tertian remittent. Hahn.
American tertian remittent. S. 

29 DISORDERS. 
Batavian anomalous fever. Grainger.
Naronian disorder. Pujat.
Continued remittent fever. Hillary. Lond. Med. Obs.
Fever of the year 1772 and the following, at the new city A—
vignon. Royale Soc. Hist. Med.
Intermittent irregular fever at Toulouse. 1772. Roy. Soc.
Intermittent and remittent fever of the isle of Jordan. R. Soc.
Remittent East India fever. Lind.
Critical and bilious fevers of the summer. Rouppe.
Remittent fever of hot climates. Lind.
The tertian remittent is symptomatic.
Tertian remittent milk fever. S.
Milk Fever. Etmuller.
G. II. QUARTAN.
CHA. Similar paroxysms with an interval of about
seventy two hours: with afternoon accessions.
Quartan of authors. S. V. Sag. Hoff. Funck.
I. It is either with an interposed apyrexy.
1. It varies in its type.
A. A quartan with single paroxysms on each
fourth day; on the other days none.
Legitimate quartan. S. Sydenham.
B. With two paroxysms on each fourth day; on
the other days none.
Duplicate quartan. S. Bonet.
C. With three paroxysms on each fourth days;
none on the intermediate days.
Triplet quartan. S.
D. A quartan which has only the third day out
of four free from fever; with similar paroxysms
on each fourth day.
Double quartan. S. Vogel.
E. A quartan acceding daily, with similar pa—
roxysms on each fourth day.
Triple quartan. S. V. Barthol. 

30 GENERA OF
2. In its symptoms.
Cataleptic quartan. S. Bonet.
Comatose quartan. S. Werlhof. Piso.
Epileptic quartan. S. Scholz.
Hysteric quartan. S. Morton.
Nephralgic quartan. S.
Metastic* quartan. S.
Quartan degenerating into fatuity. Sydenh.
Splenetic quartan. S. Etmuller.
Hepatic quartan. Macbride.
3. Being complicated with other disorders.
Syphilitic quartan. S. Plat. Edinb. Essays, art. xlvii. obs. 8.
Arthritic quartan. S. Musgr.
Gout with succeeding fever. S.
Febricose gout. S. Werlhof. Cockburn.
Scorbutic quartan. S. Barthol.
II. Only with a remission interposed.
Quartan remittent. S. Sag. Linnæus.
Remitting quartan of authors.
The Varieties are,
Simple remittent quartan†. S.
Semiquartan quotidian remittent. S.
Semitertian quartan remittent. S.
Malignant quartan remittent. S. Lautter. Donat.
Comatose Quartan remittent. S. Werlhof.
Quartan remittent, with obstructed spleen. S‡.
Quartan remittent depending on an affection of the liver. S.
Car. Piso.
Spasmodic quotidian remittent. S.
[* That is, changing with other complaints, as with sore eyes, in the case cited
by the author. T.]
† All medical writers agree that a continued quartan is a very rare disorder; but
Sauvages cites an example of it, from the third volume of the works of Foelis.
However I have found nothing pertinent in the place cited. But in the 63d page of
the fifth volume are these words: “ The ancients constituted two species (of quar—
“ tans) the continued quartan, (which I never saw, although seventy years old,
“ and therefore I judge it to be very rare, or not at all) and the interpolated, which is
“ very frequent.”
‡ Sauvages refers to this place the Fernelian fever of Raym. Fortis, and has it,
that the fever was so called by Fortis, because Fernelius himself died with it. But
I see here how Sauvages has erred. For Fortis calls some fevers Fernelian, not
because they were from the genus of intermittents, but because they were accompa—
nied with a disorder of some of the viscera, especially the liver; and Fernelius truly
died from an inflammation of the spleen. But it was never said by Plantius, (who
in the life of Fernelius, prefixed to his works, speaks about that disorder,) that this
disorder ever exhibited the type of a quartan. 

31 DISORDERS. 
ERRATICS.
We think that erratics belong to the tertian or
quartan species*; and therefore we have sub—
joined the varieties of them in this place.
Quintan erratic. S. Tulp. Forest. Van Swiet.
Septan erratic. S. Boerh. Van Swiet. M. Donald.
Weekly fever. Schenck, from Gibalt.
Seventh day fever. Morgagni.
Octan erratic. S. Etmull. Cyrill Valles. P. Sal. Div. Zac. Lusit.
Schultz. Arnold. Haller. De Haen.
Lunatic hemicrania. S.
Nonan erratic. S. Zac. Lusit.
Tenth day erratic. S. Zac. Luff.
Fifteenth day ephemeris†. M. Don.
Inconstant erratic. S. River. Etmul.
G. III. QUOTIDIAN.
CHA. Similar paroxysms with an interval of about
twenty four hours; with morning paroxysms.
Quotidian of authors, S. G. 87. L. V. Hoff. Funck.
I. An apyrexy being interposed. 
1. It varies, being alone.
A. Universal. 
Returning at the same morning hour.
Simple quotidian. S.
Legitimate quotidian. Sennert.
B. Partial.
Partial quotidian. S. Cnoffel. Edinb. Med. Essays, Vol. I. art.
31. and Vol. II. art. 19.
Cephalalgic quotidian. S. Morton. Van Swieten. Soc. Royal.
Intermitting cephalalgia‡. S.
Febricose cephalalgia. S.
Ophthalmic quotidian. Morton. Van Swieten.
Febricose ophthalmy. S.
* See Senac on the abstruse nature of fevers. Book I. Ch. I.
[ † Ephemera: An inflammatory fever that ends in about a day. Τ.]
[ ‡ Cephalalgia: A heavy pain in the head. Τ.]

32 GENERA OF
2. Being accompanied.
Quotidian with pains about the hips. Edinb. Essays, Vol V.
art. 49.
Intermittent sciatic. S.
Quotidian with nephritic pains. S. Morton.
Febricose nephritic pains. S.
Quotidian with discharges of urine and saliva. B. Scharf.
Epileptic quotidian. Edinb. Essays, (the place cited above.)
Febricose uterine pains. S.
The following seem to be evening or symptomatic
quotidians.
Hysteric quotidian. S.
Catarrhal quotidian. S.
Quotidian strangury. S.
II. Only a remission being interposed.
Quotidian remittent. S. G. 84. L. 20. Sagar G. 321.
Continued quotidian. V. 15.
Continued and remittent quotidian of authors.
Quotidian remittent with obscure heat. S.
Continued lymphatic fever. Etmull. River.
Hiccoughing quotidian remittent. S.
Continued hiccoughing fever. Vogel 26.
The other species of quotidian remittents seem to
belong either to the tertians, many of which I
have set down above, or to be symptomatic and
belonging to the evening quotidians. Of this
sort are,
Catarrhal quotidian remittent. S.
Anginous quotidian remittent. S.
Quotidian remittent with cough. S.
Peripneumonic quotidian remittent. S.
Variolous quotidian remittent S.
Miliary quotidian remittent. S.
Arthritic quotidian remittent. S.
Of the mimic quotidian remittent of Bontius, and the phrenitic
of the same, we are net certain. S.

33 DISORDERS. 
SECT. II. CONTINUED FEVERS*.
CHA. Fevers without intermission, that do not
arise from the miasma of marshes, yet continu—
ing with remissions and exacerbations, although
not very observable: with two paroxysms on
each day†.
Continued. Macbride. S. CI. II. Or. I. Vogel Cl. I. Or. II. Sag.
664. Boerhaave.
Continuing. L. Cl. II. Or. I. Stahl. Funck. Sennert.
* Sauvages said that a fever was continued, “ which continued to the end of the
sickness, without a partial exacerbation, and without accession, not returning often—
er than once or twice a month;” and Linnæus, with most of the medical schools,
calls fevers of this kind continent. But in a large practice of forty years, I scarce
ever have seen, for a certainty, a fever of this kind, and I have observed most al—
ways in the most continued fever, even daily, sufficient manifest exacerbations and
remissions. Vogel seems indeed to agree with me, as is pretty clear from his cha—
racter of continued fevers, nor does the very experienced De Haen differ, as may
be seen in his book about the division of Fevers. Divis. IV. Schol. I. And Bren—
delius chiefly confirms our opinion, in the following words, “ For all our fevers,
“ acute and inflammatory, and exanthematic and malignant, and the rest of this
“ kind, are continued remittents, and evident stages of increase and remission re—
“ new the fever.” Moreover, although in some fevers, the exacerbations and re—
mission are obscure, and therefore difficult to be observed; yet I think they really
take place; and for this reason especially, because each paroxysm, consisting of a
remission and exacerbation, always finishes its course within the space of a night and
a day, in fevers of every kind, that manifestly consist of many paroxysms; so that
it appears, that the animal œconomy in these things, is subject to some law of a
daily revolution. Therefore, it seems very likely that the same circuit which we
have so often observed, has a place in fevers of whatever kind; and that no conti—
nent fever can be given in the real nature of things.
† As we have laid it down, that each continued fever is made up with repeated
paroxysms, it may be often doubtful, whether the fever given belongs to the or—
der of continued, or remittent fevers; and that a right judgment may be made, I
have now given another definition than heretofore, (as well of intermittents, (to
which we think all the remittents of authors belong) as of continued fevers. The
definitions now given, may, in most cases (as I think) be easily and certainly ad—
mitted. But I leave it to be considered, by any more sagacious, whether our defini—
tions are rightly given, or whether any more proper can be given. We believe eve—
ry continued fever consists of two paroxysms each day; but as duplicate paroxysms
are likewise seen in some intermittents as well as remittents, continued fevers cannot
be distinguished by that mark alone. Indeed I wished by no means, that they
should be distinguished by that particular only; for in a dubious case I think any re—
mittent may be known, either from its cause or its type, or from its rise from inter—
mittents. Moreover, those skilled in these things can see, often plainly, and very
frequently (whether or no from the cause) that continued fevers may often certainly
be known by the contagion being indubitably human.
E 

34 GENERA OF 
G. IV. SYNOCHA*.
CHA. Heat much increased; frequent, strong and
hard pulse; red urine; the functions of the sen—
sorium a little disturbed.
Synocha. S. G. 80. L. 12. Funck.
Synocha, or acute sanguineous fever. Hoff. II. 105.
Synochus. V. 16.
Continued not putrid. Boerhaave 729.
Ephemeris. (p.31) S. G. 79. Boerhaave 728. Funcker.
Diary. L. 11.
Inflammatory fever of authors.
The varieties are,
Plethoric synocha. S.
Sanguineous synocha. Sennert. book II. Ch. II.
Plethoric ephemeris. S.
Ephemeris from cold. S.
Ephemeris from heat. S.
Pleuritic synochus. S.
Pleuritic fever of 1765. Sydenham.
Synochus with rheumatic pains. S. Sydenham.
Winter synochus. S. Sydenh.
Symptomatics.
Ephemeris from crudities on the stomach. S.
Ephemeris from violence. S.
Synocha from pain. S. M. Tab.
Ephemeris from suppressed milk. S.
Menstruating ephemeris.
Catarrhal synocha. S. M. Tab.
* Nearly the same division of continued fevers has been used from the times of
Galen to the present day; and was with little accuracy, either defined from the de—
gree of putridity, or taken from the duration of the disorder; yet both marks, espe—
cially the latter, which the nosologists, Sauvages, Linnaeus, and Sagar chiefly us—
ed, is manifestly improper. (See the preface, page xiii. and pages xvi. and xvii.)
Therefore I have instituted another division, taken from the difference of symptoms,
and nature of the disorders, as well as I could judge of it; at the same time, having
followed the division of continued fevers, now chiefly used by the English, into in—
flammatory and nervous But I have avoided these appellations, as being in some
measure theoretical. The names which I have used have long since been received
with physicians; and I care but little, if perhaps I have not used them in the sense
commonly received, (in which the physicians themselves were not very consistent)
so as the definitions subjoined may be cleared from any error.
[The chief difference between a Synocha and Synochus, according to Sauvages,
is, that the latter continues about three times as long as the former, and is as much
less in violence, as it is longer in duration. T.]

35 DISORDERS.
Scorbutic synocha. S.
Scorbutic synochus. S.
Cephalalgic Synocha. S. M. Tab. [see note in page 31]
G. V. TYPHUS.
CHA. A contagious disorder; little increase of
heat; a small, weak, and oftentimes frequent
pulse; little alteration of the urine; the func—
tions of the sensorium very much disturbed; the
strength much diminished.
Typhus. S. G. 82. Sag. 677.
The species are,
I. Typhus oftentimes with petechia. (Petechial.)
It varies in its degree*.
1. Milder typhus.
Malignant hectic fever, or convulsive nervous pestilence. Willis†.
Pestilential fever. Fracast.
Pestilential fever without the character of a poison. Forest.
Pestilential hectic fever. Forest.
New fever of 1685. Sydenh.
Nervous putrid fever. Wintringh.
Slow nervous fever. Huxham. Edinb. Med. Essays. II. 18. IV 23.
Vogel 48. Macbride. Soc. Royale.
Contagious fever. Lind.
Nervous typhus. S.
* It does not suit, by any means, to mark disorders differing only in degree,
with different names; but as it is customary with physicians in modern times to
call a certain fever by the name of nervous fever, as if it was different from every
other, yielding in some measure to this opinion, I have set down under the title of
Milder Typhus, fevers of various authors, which in some measure may be referred
to the nervous of the moderns. But as the limits in this case can by no means be ac—
curately fixed, I cannot say that I have been accurate. It is still less suitable to
the notion of the ancients or moderns, to set down among the genera of fevers, any
under the name of putrid fever. I think that in every typhus a proclivity of the hu—
mors to putridity is present; but it is only present in different degrees, so that a
greater or less putridity only varies, by no means changes the species. It may be
enough to point out under the title of gravior, (more oppressive) those fevers especial—
ly which are called putrid, as will be plain from the annexed appellations of various
authors.
† This, unless I am deceived, is the first example of the appel—
lation Νευρωδης, or Nervous, given to some particular fevers, which
the English made use of immediately, but the physicians of other
countries not till very lately. 

36 GENERA OF
Comatose typhus. S.
Typhoid tertian remittent. S. Mang. Raym. Fort.
2. More oppressive typhus.
Pestilential fever. P. Sal. Diver.
Pestilential fever of the Ægyptians. Alpin.
Ægyptian typhus. S.
Epidemic cephalitis of 1510. S*.
Malignant pestilential fever. Sennert.
Pestilential malignant fever. River.
Malignant pestilent fever of 1643. Willis.
Senegal fever. Lond. Med. Ob. II. 21.
Jail typhus, S.
Pestilential ship fever. Huxham.
Marine miliary. S.
Contagious putrid fever produced in jails. Huxh.
Spotted Miliary. S.
Jail and hospital fever. Pring. Van Swiet. Soc. Roy.
Camp typhus. S.
Camp fever, which they commonly call epidemic cephalalgia
(see note page 31) H. May and A. Ph. Koph.
Hungarian or camp fever of Funcker, and many authors†.
Camp fever of the French in Bohemia. 1742. Schrinci.
Petechial fever. Sennert. River. Hoff. Funck. Huxh. Ludwic.
Schrib. Monro.
Catarrhal malignant petechial fever. Funck. Hoff. Eller.
Putrid fever. Macbride.
Putrid catarrhal fever, 1768. De Martens.
Bilious putrid fever, 1769. De Martens.
Nervous putrid fever, 1770. De Martens.
The following are examples of petechial fevers.
What they call pimpled, prickly, or petechial fever. Fracastorius.
Petechial fever of Trent, 1591. Roboret.
Epidemic petechial fever of Colonia, 1672. Donckers.
Epidemic petechial fever of Presburgh, 1683. Loeu.
Epidemic petechial fever of Modena. Ramazzini.
[* Cephalitis. An acute fever, with a dozing delirium, and a motion in the
hands, as if involuntary, by which the sick person appears to be pulling out the nap
from the clothes, &c. T.]
† With Sauvages and Pringle I have placed above the Hungarian disorder or fe—
ver, with the tertian remittents; and there is no doubt, but that the disorder called
Hungarian, may have often appeared under the form of a remittent; but at the same
time, it is certain that the fever, that arose at first in the Hungarian camp, and
spread throughout almost all Germany, by means of the soldiers returning from
thence, was of the continued kind, (see Rustand on the Hungarian disorder, Chap.
viii. q. 39.) and we well know, was oftentimes the same with what now frequently
rises in some hospitals. Therefore I have thought it also should be affixed to this
place. 

37 DISORDERS. 
Malignant petechial fever, 1698. Hoff.
Petechial fever of Breslaw, 1699. Helwich.
Epidemic fever of Leipsig, 1718. M. Adolph.
Endemic and epidemic fever of Cork, 1708—18, et seq. Rogers.
Continued epidemic fever of Cork, 1719 et seq. O'Connel.
Epidemic petechial fever of Cremona, 1734. Valcharenghi.
Epidemic petechial fever of Petersburgh, 1735. Weitbrecht.
Petechial fever of 1740, 1741, in Hesse. Ritter.
Epidemic petechial fever of Worcester, and other places in Eng—
land. Wall's Works.
Malignant petechial fever at Rintellium, 1741. Furstenau.
Epidemic petechial fever of Silesia, 1741 et seq. Brandhorst.
Epidemic petechial fever of Vienna, 1757. Hasenohrl.
Epidemic petechial fever of Leipsig, 1757. Ludwic.
Epidemic petechial fever in various places of Germany, from 1755
to 1761. Strack. 
Epidemic malignant fever of Coutances. 1772, 1773. Soc. Roy.
Nervous petechial fever of Dijon, 1760 & 1761. Mem. by Ma—
ret, 1775.
II. Typhus with a yellowness of the skin. (Jaun—
diced.)
Jaundiced typhus. S.
Yellow fever of the West Indies. Warren. Hillary. Linning. Edinb.
Phys. Litt. Essays, Vol. II. Mackittrick.
These also appear to be species of typhus.
Sweating ephemeris [see page 31] S.
Britannic ephemeris. Caius.
English sweat. Sennertus.
Hydronosus. Forest.
To the same belong,
Sweating miliary. S.
Sweating fever. Soc. Roy.
We are not certain about the following,
Verminose hysteric typhus. S.
Typhus of the emaciated. S.
Typhus from poison, (viz. the Manipuera). 

38 GENERA OF
G. VI. SYNOCHUS*.
CHA. A contagious disorder; a fever composed
of SYNOCHA and TYPHUS, in the beginning a
synocha, in its progress and towards the end a
typhus.
Synochus. S. G. 81. L. 13.
Slow fever. L. 14.
Phrenitis. V. 18.
Putrid continued fever. Boerh.
The varieties of Sauvages are,
Sanguineous synochus. S.
Depuratory fever, 1661 to 1664. Sydenham.
Sweating synochus. S.
Epidemic continued fever, 1665 to 1667. Sydenh.
Soporous synochus. S.
Epidemic continued fever, 1673. Sydenh.
Putrid continued fever of various years. Wintringham.
Ardent synochus. S.
Miliary synochus. S.
Miliary synocha. S.
We are not clear about these,
Variolous synochus. S.
Dysenteric synocha. S.
And still less about the following,
Anniversary synochus. S.
Spermatic synochus. S.
Synochus from the bite of a tarantula. S.
Complicated
Scorbutic synochus. S.
Symptomatic,
Synochus from the scabies. S.
* As there are many fevers, neither altogether inflammatory, nor altogether ner—
vous, and therefore not easy to be referred to Synocha or Typhus; I have here in—
serted a genus of Synochus, the type of which is frequently seen in these regions.
Nevertheless I am unable to fix accurate bounds between Typhus and Synochus;
and whether they really are to be regarded as different genera, or being allowed such,
to which of them the synonimous of authors are to be referred, I am in doubt. But
what are here subjoined, called species by Sauvages, can very well, as it appears to
me, be referred to Synochus.

39 DISORDERS. 
HECTIC.
CHA. A fever returning daily; with meridian and
evening accessions, a morning remission, more
seldom anapy rexy; frequently with night sweats,
and a branny lateritious sediment from the urine*.
Hectic. S. G. 83. L. 24. V. 80. Sag. 684. Med. Transact.
II. I.
The species of Sauvages are,
Chlorotic hectic.
Syphilitic hectic.
Scrophulous hectic.
Hectic from calculi.
Dropsical hectic.
Verminous hectic.
Hectic of the emaciated.
Hectic from fluxes.
Infantile hectic. This wants a character, and appears to be ei—
ther ricketty, or scrophulous, or verminous.
Evening hectic. This can scarce be reckoned a disorder.
We are not certain about the
Lymphatic hectic. Baglivi. S.
Nervous hectic. Lorry. S.
Or. II. Inflammations.
CHA. Synocha fever; phlogosis (G. VII); or a
topical pain, the function of the internal part
being injured at the same time; the blood that
has been let, and coagulated, shewing a white
coriaceous superficies.
Membranous and parenchematous inflammations. S. Cl. III.
Or. I. II. Sag. 605†.
* As all Nosologists have received HECTIC into the number of fevers, I have
also placed it here with a character; but as I have never observed a fever of this
kind, unless symptomatic, (which can only be enumerated) I have not admitted it
into the number of idiopathics. It will be very plain, in most of the examples here
recited from what Sauvages calls species, that a hectic is truly symptomatic. See
Schol. Sauvag T. I. p. 319.
† This division of inflammations into membranous and parenchematous, is alto—
together improper; and that in the first place, because it determines the state of the
internal parts, which it is not allowable in Nosology to fix; and again, because
membranous

40 GENERA OF
Phlogistic febrile disorders. L. Cl. III.
Compound inflammatory continued fevers. V.
Acute febrile disorders. Boerhaave.
Inflammatory fevers. Hoff. Funcker.
G. VII. PHLOGOSIS*.
CHA. Pyrexy, a redness, heat and painful ten—
sion of the external part.
The species are,
I. Phlogosis with a lively red; a circumscribed tu—
mor, oftentimes elevated upon the top, often
terminating in a suppuration; frequently with a
throbbing pain. (Phlegmonic Phlogosis.)
Phlegmon of authors. S. G. 15. L. 39. V. 351. Sag. 229. Macbride.
Inflammation. L. 231. Boer. Funcker.
1. It varies in its form.
Boil. S. G. 18. V. 352. Sag. 23. Macbride.
Terminthus. V. 381†.
Papula. L. 275‡.
Varus. V. 436. L. 270. S‖.
Bacchia. L. 271§.
Gutta rosea. S. G. 4¶
Gutta rosacea. V. 437**.
membranous and parenchematous parts are not distinguished clearly enough; and
hence Metritis, which is placed by Linnaeus and Sagar among parenchematous,
Sauvages enumerates among membranous inflammations; and in fine, because
some inflammations, as of the liver, may be either membranous or parenchematous
Neither is the institution of an order of muscular inflammations, with Linnaeus
and Sagar, more proper, in which neither is sufficiently accurate. For Linnaeus
has badly called a phlegmon, muscular, and Sagar has not done well to refer Cy—
nanche (which is oftentimes membranous, more seldom muscular) altogether to
muscular inflammations.
* Phlegmon was improperly made use of, in a former edition, for the name of a
genus, of which erythema is a species. A new name seemed to us necessary and
nothing more proper offered itself than Phlogosis.
[† A round, black tubercle, arising chiefly on the shins, pouring out from an ex—
ulceration a glutinous, ruddy humour. V.
‡ A full tubercle, coloured, inflamed, scarce capable of suppuration. L
‖ A hard, small, red tubercle in the face, almost callous, scattered about, of
various figures. Vogel. 
§ Vari of the face with knots, and chronic, coloured spots. L.
¶ Red spots of the face, scattered here and there, a little elevated above the skin,
or rough, and permanent. S. 
** Something like confluent vari, with a rough, spotted redness. Vogel. T.] 

41 DISORDERS. 
2. It varies in its seat*.
Stye. S. G. 27. L. 276. V. 434.
Pain in the ear. S. G. 197. L. 44. V. 148.
Ear—ach. Hoff. II. 336.
Gumboil. V. 362.
Pain of the breasts. S. G. 210. V. 153.
Whitlow. S. G. 21. L. 258. V. 345.
Caries of the bones. S. G. 78. L. 250.
Swelling of the bones, V. 419.
Spina ventosa. Boerhaave.
Phimosis. S. G. 22. L. 297. V. 348.
Paraphimosis. V. 349.
Inflammation of the anus. L. 30.
Pain in the anus. S. G. 214.
Inflammation and pain of the anus. V. 167.
II. Phlogosis, with a ruddy colour, disappearing
upon pressure; an unequal circumference ex—
tending; scarce perceptable tumor, turning to
a scurf, to phlycrtænæ or vesicles of the cuticle;
with burning pain. (Erythematous Phlogosis.)
Erythema†. S. G. II. Sag. 16.
Erysipelas of authors. V. 421. Macbride.
Hieropyr. V. 344‡
1. It varies in violence.
Anthrax. S. G. 19. L. 272. V. 353. Sag. 24.
Carbo and carbuncle of authors. Macbride.
Gangrenous erythema. S.
2. In its remote cause.
Erythema from cold.
Erythema from frost. S.
Kibe. L. 260. V. 350.
Erythema from burning S..
Erysipelas from a scald. S.
A wound from burning. L. 246.
A burn. Boerhaave.
Inflammation from burning. L. 347. 
F
* Those more skilful may judge, whether the following may be enumerated as
so many species.
[† Erysipelas with eminent, ardent pustules. V.
‡ A humoral tumor with a gangrenous apex, inflamed circumference. S. T.]

42 GENERA OF
Erythema from the application of some foreign acrid,
Chinese erysipelas. S.
Erythema from acrid humors,
Erythema from galling. S.
Chase. L. 247. V. 502.
Erythema from compression,
Erythema of various parts from attrition. S.
Erythema from puncture. S.
Erysipelas from the sting of wasps. S.
Eruption from the sting of wasps. S.
3. Being complicated.
Erythema with phlegmon,
Phlegmonic erysipelas of authors.
Erythema with œdema,
Symptomatic erysipelas. S.
The consequents of phlogosis are,
SUPPURATION.
CHA. A whitish, soft, fluctuating, itching tumor
after a phlogosis, with remission of pain and pul—
sation.
Imposthume. S. G. 39. Sag. 55.
Abscess. L. 132. V. 354. Boerhaave. Macbride.
Pustule. L. 247.
GANGRENE.
CHA. A blueness, softness, little sensibility of the
part, often with ichorose vesicles, after a phlo—
gosis.
Gangrene. S. G. 314. L. 233. V. 327. Sag. 203. Boer—
haave. Macbride.
SPHACELUS.
CHA. A blackness, flaccidity, rottenness of the
part after gangrene, without sense or heat, and
with the fœtor of putrid flesh; the malady ra—
pidly extending.
Sphacelus. L. 234. V. 328. Boerhaave. 

43 DISORDERS. 
G. VIII. OPHTHALMIA.
CHA. A redness and pain of the eye; inability to
bear the light, frequently with a shedding of
tears.
Ophthalmia. S. G. 196. L. 43. V. 341. Sag.231. Funcker.
Macbride.
Chemosis. V. 46.
Ophthalmites. V. 47.
Inflammation of the eyes. Hoff. II. 165.
The species and varieties of ophthalmia are,
I. Idiopathics.
1. Ophthalmia (of the membranes) in the tunica ad—
nata, and the membranes adjacent to it, or in
the tunics of the eye.
A. It varies in the degree of external phlogosis.
Ophthalmia from a slight injury. S.
Humid ophthalmia. S.
Ophthalmia from external violence. S.
Erysipelatous ophthalmia. S.
Pustulous ophthalmia. S.
Ophthalmia with phlyctænæ in the eye. S.
B. The internal tunics being affected.
Ophthalmia of the choroides. S.
Ophthalmia with diminished vision. S.
2. Ophthalmia (of the tarsus) with tumor, erosion,
and a glutinous exudation from the tarsus of the
eyelids.
Ophthalmia with a roughness of the internal part of the eyelid. S.
Dry ophthalmia. S.
II. Symptomatics.
1. From a disorder of the eye itself.
Ophthalmia from an affection of the angle of the eye. S.
Ophthalmia from tubercles. S.
Ophthalmia from inverted cilia. S.
Cancerous ophthalmia. S.
Ophthalmia from an adhesion of the uvea to the cornea. S. 

44 GENERA OF
Ophthalmia from distraction of the eyelids. S.
Ophthalmia from ulcers of the external part of the cornea. S.
Ophthalmia from abscess between the lamellæ of the cornea. S.
Ophthalmia from a fistula of the cornea. S.
Ophthalmia of the uvea. S.
2. From disorders of other parts, or of the whole
body.
Metastic ophthalmia. S.
Scrophulous ophthalmia. S.
Syphilitic ophthalmia. S.
Febricose ophthalmia. S.
G. IX. PHRENITIS*.
CHA. A vehement pyrexy; a pain of the head;
redness of the face and eyes, an inability to bear
light or sound; continued watching; fierce de—
lirium or typhomania.
Phrenitis. S. G. 101. L. 25. Sag. 301. Boerhaave. Hoff. Funck.
Macbride.
Phrenismus. V. 45.
Cephalitis. S. G. 109. Sag. 310†.
Sphacelismus. L. 32‡.
Siriasis. V. 34‖.
I. Only one species of idiopathic phrenitis can be
placed here, and we think the following are sy—
nonymous of this.
True phrenitis. S. Boerhaave.
Idiopathic phrenitis. Funck.
Inflammatory cephalalgia. S.
Spontaneous cephalitis. S.
[* Phrenitis, or inflammation of the brain. T.]
† Since there are no symptoms given, by which an inflammation of the brain
can be certainly distinguished from an inflammation of its membranes or meninges;
nor do the dissections of dead bodies confirm the distinctions admitted by Sauvages,
Linnæus, and Sagar. I have not admitted Cephalitis, S. G. 109. Sag. 310. and
Sphacelismus, L. 32. for different genera from phrenitis, and therefore I have plac—
ed them here under the title of phrenitis, as synonymous.
Vogel properly observes, that the symptoms of phrenitis, or phrenismus, as he
calls it, (that is, an inflammation of the cerebrum or its membranes) is in some
measure ambiguous.
[‡ Inflammation of the encephalon. L.
‖ A fever peculiar to infants, with dry skin, paleness, loss of appetite, sinking
of the eyes, and subsiding of the fontanella. V. T.] 

45 DISORDERS. 
Cephalitis with siriasis. S.
Siriasis. V. 34.
Cephalitis of Littre. S.
II. The following are symptomatics,
Phrenitis of pleuritic synochus. S.
Phrenitis of sanguineous synochus. S.
Phrenitis of hot countries. S.
Phrenitis of India. S.
Ægyptian cephalitis. S.
Epidemic cephalitis of 1510. S.
Verminose cephalitis. S.
Cephalitis of the cerebellum. S.
Miliary phrenitis. S.
Variolous phrenitis. S.
Morbillous phrenitis. S.
Phrenitis from the plica. S.
Aphrodisiac phrenitis. S.
Phrenitis from the bite of a tarantula. S.
Hydrophobic phrenitis. S.
Phrenitis from pain. S.
Cephalitis from a wound. S.
G. X. CYNANCHE*.
CHA. Sometimes a typhoid pyrexy; a redness and
pain of the fauces; difficult deglutition and
breathing, with a sense of straitness in the fauces.
Cynanche. S. G. 110. L. 33. Sag. 300.
Angina. V. 49. Hoff. II. 125. Funck.
Inflammatory angina. Boerhaave.
The species are,
I. Cynanche affecting the mucous membrane of
the fauces, and particularly the tonsils, with tu—
mor and redness; attended with synocha fever.
(Tonsillar Cynanche.)
Cynanche of the tonsils. S.
Inflammatory angina. S. Boerhaave.
[* Sore throat. T.] 

46 GENERA OF
II. Affecting the tonsils and mucous membrane of
the fauces with tumor, redness, and mucous
crusts of a white or cineritious colour, extend—
ing and covering an ulcer; attended with a ty—
phus fever and exanthemata. (Malignant Cy—
nanche.)
Malignant cynanche. S. sp. 3.
Ulcerous cynanche. S. Var.
Gangrenous cynanche. S. Var.
Anginous and mortal ulcers of the fauces and throat at Gare—
tiilo, in Spain. Lud. Mercat.
Ulcerous angina. Fothergill. Huxham.
Epidemic fever with ulcerous angina. Douglass.
Epidemic angina. Russel.
Gangrenous angina. Withering.
Suffocating angina. Bard.
Malignant angina. Johnstone. Wall.
III. With difficult respiration, whizzing inspira—
tion, hoarse voice, sonorous cough, scarce any
apparent tumor in the fauces, little difficulty in
swallowing, and a synocha fever. (Tracheal
Cynanche.)
Cynanche of the trachea. S.
Cynanche of the larynx of authors. Eller.
Inflammatory angina. Boerhaave.
Obscure and difficult angina. Dodon.
Internal angina. Tulp.
Pernicious angina. Greg. Horst. Observ. L. III. obs. I.
Note. Whether the synonymous of Sauvages, and
the following, pertain to the same disorder, the
experienced may judge; however, the follow—
ing manifestly appear to belong to the disorder
of the character given.
Croaking suffocation. The croup of the Scotch. Home.
Asthma of infants. Millar.
Spasmodic asthma of infants. Rush.
Croaking cynanche. Crawford.
Epidemic angina, 1743. Molloy. 

47 DISORDERS. 
Strangling disorder. Starr. Phil. Trans. 495*.
Destructive disorder of infants, 1758. Francos.
Inflammatory angina of infants. Russel.
Suffocating catarrh of Barbadoes, 1758. Hilary.
Polypose or membranous angina. Michael.
Analogous disorder to the polypose angina. Soc. Royale. II. p.
206.
IV. With redness, especially in the bottom of the
fauces; very difficult and painful deglutition;
free respiration, and synocha fever. (Pharin—
geal Cynanche.)
Cynanche of the pharynx. S. Eller.
Inflammatory angina. Boerhaave.
V. With a large external tumor of the parotid and
maxillary glands; respiration and deglutition
being little affected; and a synocha fever gene—
rally slight. (Parotid Cynanche.)
Parotid cynanche. S. oreillons and ourles of the French. Tissot.
Encyclop.
External angina. The mumps of the English. Russel. The branks
of the Scotch.
Catarrh of Belle—Isle. S.
Osservazioni of Girol. Gaspari.
Osservazioni of Targ. Tozzet.
The purpuro—parotid cynanche (S. sp. 15.) seems
to belong to the malignant cynanche, (species 3.)
or to the scarlatina.
The symptomatics are,
a. From internal causes.
Epidemic cynanche. S.
Anginous quotidian remittent. S.
Anginous fever. Huxham.
Cynanche prunella†.
Exanthematic cynanche. S.
Arthritic cynanche. S.
* I am not altogether certain, whether this disorder pertains to the malignant,
or the tracheal cynanche; and also more often uncertain from the description that
authors give of these disorders.
[† So called from using lapis prunellæ in it. T.] 

48 GENERA OF
Hepatic cynanche. S.
Cynanche from dysentery. S.
b. From external causes.
Cynanche from swallowing a hard substance. S.
Cynanche from mercury. S.
The cynanche of the thymous gland (S. sp. 7.) is
seldom inflammatory, and scarce belongs to this
place.
G. XI PNEUMONIA*.
CHA. Pyrexy; pain in some part of the thorax;
difficult respiration; cough.
Pneumonic fever. Hoff. Macbride.
The species are,
I. Pneumonia with a pulse not always hard, being
sometimes soft; with an obtuse pain of the tho—
rax; a perpetual difficult respiration, often—
times impracticable, unless sitting up; a swoln
and purple face; a cough generally moist, oft—
en with discharge of blood. (Peripneumony.)
* Medical writers, of every age down to the present day, (and all Nosologists have
followed these,) have determined that there are two genera of inflammation of the in—
ternal breast, to wit, PERIPNEUMONY and PLEURISY. But the moderns have
learned from dissection, that the ancients have often been mistaken about the seat
of the disorder, and therefore about the difference of these disorders; and that which
the ancients supposed had its seat in the pleura of the ribs, later anatomists have
found to have its seat more often in the pleura investing the lungs. Moreover we
know, that if indeed these disorders had sometimes different seats, this could not be
certainly known from the symptoms; and howsoever it might be, it would con—
duce but little at all to the use of medicine, to have distinguished them, since if in
any manner distinct, they are in reality nearly related, and often are joined toge—
ther. Having therefore considered these things, we have thought proper, with the
experienced HOFFMAN, to make the phlegmatic of the internal breast only one
genus. Wherefore we have placed this genus under the name of PNEUMONIA.
The symptoms which we have admitted for a character, as they are what may be
present in every inflammation of the internal breast, and are the chief in each seem
to be those that rightly constitute a generic character.
I am doubtful, whether different SPECIES really can be instituted. But being
willing to yield a little to the opinions and customs of physicians, I have given spe—
cific characters of peripneumony and pleurisy, since they may be distinguished a—
greeably to the opinion of physicians, or from my own observation. Yet in the
mean time, I could wish it to be observed, that accurate boundaries are frequent—
ly not to be fixed between those disorders, however distinct they sometimes may be. 

49 DISORDERS. 
Peripneumony. S. G. 112. L. 34. V. 51. Sag. 311. Boerhaave.
Funcker.
1. Simple idiopathic peripneumonies,
Pure or true peripneumony of authors. S.
Gastric peripneumony. S. Morgagni. Ep. XX. Art. 30.
and 31*.
It varies in degree.
Catarrhal peripneumony. S.
Bastard peripneumony†. Sydenh. Boerhaave. Morgagni. Ep.
XXI. 11.—15.
2. Idiopathic peripneumonies complicated with
fever ‡.
Putrid peripneumony. S‖.
Ardent peripneumony. S.
Malignant peripneumony. S.
Typhoid peripneumony. S.
Peripneumonic quotidian remittent. S.
* I am not sure whether this variety belongs more properly to peripneumony or
pleurisy.
† I think that the bastard peripneumony differs from the true, only in degree;
and therefore have inserted them here merely as a variety. And I think they
really differ in this particular, that in the bastard peripneumony the inflammation is
slighter and the afflux of humours more copious than in the true—But as the
symptons of pyrexy, pain, difficult breathing, and cough may attend in different
degrees and manner, it is not a matter of surprise that the accounts of authors are
so different, and Morgagni has started a doubt whether this complaint, described by
different authors under the title of bastard peripneumony, is always the same, ne—
vertheless having considered all that has been said on this head, and comparing it
with many observations from patients, I do not doubt that the disorder described by
Sydenham and Boerhaave, under the title of bastard peripneumony, is one and the
same, nor to differ in substance from that complaint observed by Valsalva and Fran—
cis Coralio, nor from that observed by Morgagni and Antonio Valisnerio. See First
Lines of Practice of Physic. Edition 1784. § CCCLXXVI.
‡ As different disorders may be complicated it may often be doubtful which of
them is primary; and I cannot promise that I have judged right in every case. In
some places I have used my own judgment, in others I have followed Sauvages
thinking it in general sufficient to bring these complications in some way to the ob—
servation of the students.
¶ Following Sauvages as usual, I have recited these three following as different, al—
though I look upon them as the same.
G 

50 GENERA OF
3. Symptomatic peripneumonies.
Arthritic peripneumony. S.
Exanthematic peripneumony. S.
Peripneumony of the phthisical. S.
Hydrophobic peripneumony. S.
Peripneumony from the painters cholic. S.
II. With a hard pulse; a pungent pain, generally
of the side, increased especially on inspiration;
difficulty of lying on the side; very painful cough,
in the beginning dry, afterwards moist, often
with discharge of blood. (Pleurisy.)
Pleurisy. S. 103. L. 27. V. 50. Sag. 303. Boerh. Funcker.
Paraphrenesis. S. 102. L. 26*.
Inflammation of the diaphragm. V. 55. Boerhaave.
Diaphragmatis. Sag. 304.
Simple idiopathic pleurisies.
True pleurisy. S. Boerhaave. Verna. Zeviani. Morgagni. Wendt.
Pleurisy of the lungs. S. Zevian.
Pleuripneumony. 
Pleuroperipneumony. 
Peripneumo—pleurisy. } of authors. Baronius. Hatter. Mor—
gagni. Cleghorn. Miller. Huxham. Pringle.
Convulsive pleurisy. S. Bianch.
Hydrothoracic pleurisy. S. Morgagni.
Dorsal pleurisy. S. Verna.
Pleurisy of the mediastinum. S. P. Sal. Dev. Friend.
Inflammation of the mediastinum. V. G. 52,
Pleurisy of the pericardium. S. Verna.
Parapleuritis. Zeviani.
* In the disorder which is vulgarly called Paraphrenitis or Paraphrenesis, and
more properly by Sagar diaphragmatis, an inflammation takes place in the pleura ex—
tended over the diaphragm which is acknowledged by most physicians; it is there—
fore improperly recited by nosologists as a Genus different from Pneumonia nor
can it be recited for a different species from pleurisy as it usually shows no symptoms
different from those of pleurisy. The Sardonic laugh, and Phrenitic Delerium,
which are attributed by most authors to this complaint, are certainly not always pre—
sent. It is certainly very rare since I have never seen it, and it often accompanies
other species of Pneumonia depending not so much upon the part of the pleura af—
fected as the degree of inflammation and fever. 

51 DISORDERS. 
Pleurodyne parapleuritis*. S.
Diaphragmatic paraphrenitis†. S.
Pleuritic paraphrenitis. S.
Hepatic paraphrenitis.
Concerning the inflammation of the mediastinum,
pericardium, and diaphragm, see Morgagni on
the cause and seat of disorders. VIII. 13. XXI.
35. 36. 46. XLV. 16. Van Swieten to Boer—
haave. 913.
II. Complicated pleurisies.
1. With fever.
Bilious pleurisy. S.
Erysipelatous pleurisy. S.
Bilious pleurisy. Bianch.
Putrid pleurisy. S.
Pleuritic synochus. S.
Pestilent pleurisy. S.
Miliary pleurisy. S.
2. With catarrh.
Catarrhal pleurisy. S.
Lymphatic pleurisy. Bianch.
III. Symptomatic pleurisies.
Pleurisy from a wound. S.
Verminose pleurisy. S. Verna. Morgagn. XXI. 43. 44.
Stomachic pleurisy. Bianch.
Verminose pleurodyne. (p. 50) S.
Lacteal pleurisy‡. S.
Polonic pleurisy. S.
IV. False pleurisies.
Hepatic pleurisy. S. Panarol.
Splenitic pleurisy. S.
* A pleuritic pain without acute pyrexy.
† It differs from the common inflammation of the diaphragm, in having only a
sense of stricture instead of lancinating pains. T.]
[‡ Pleurisy of the gravid or puerperal. T.] 

52 GENERA OF
The consequents of pleurisy are,
VOMICA.
CHA. After a pneumonia, not terminating by any
resolution, continued difficulty of breathing and
cough, with difficulty of lying on the well side,
and hectic fever.
Vomica. Boerhaave. Funcker*.
Pleurodyne vomica. S.
EMPYEMA.
CHA. After the termination of pneumonia by sup—
puration, frequently after vomica, a remission
of pain, whilst the difficulty of breathing, cough,
uneasiness in lying down, and hestic fever con—
tinue; oftentimes with the sense of a fluid fluc—
tuating in the breast, and signs of hydrothorax.
We have here subjoined the varieties from Sau—
vages, although they are not always to be distin—
guished.
Empyema from peripneumony. S.
Empyema from vomica. S.
Empyema of the pleura. S.
Empyema of the mediastinum. S.
Empyema of the diaphragm. S.
Intercostal empyema. S.
G. XIII. CARDITIS†.*
CHA. Pyrexy; pain in the region of the heart;
anxiety; difficult breathing; cough; unequal
pulse; palpitation; syncope.
Carditis. S. G. 111. V. 54.
* What physicians call an occult vomica, we call simply a vomica, and hence
our character. But the characters of vomica with Linnæus and Vogel, only respect
the open vomica, therefore we do not here refer to these authors.
[† Carditis. Inflammation of the heart. T.]
* Vogel was very right in saying that the symptoms of carditis were nearly the same
as those of pleurisy, only worse; and Linnæus is of the same opinion as neither car— 

53 DISORDERS. 
Inflammation of the pericardium. V. 53.
I. Idiopathic.
Spontaneous carditis. S. Senac. Meckel.
Erysipelas of the lungs. Lomm.
II. Symptomatic.
Carditis from a wound. S. Senac.
G. XIV. PERITONITIS*.
CHA. Pyrexy; a pain of the abdomen, increased
when in an erect posture, without the proper
symptoms of other phlegmasiæ of the abdomen.
If symptoms could be given, by which the follow—
ing might be distinguished they might be set
down for species of peritonitis.
I. Peritonitis, in what is more strictly called the
peritoneum, or in the peritoneum lining the in—
ternal abdomen. (Proper peritonitis.)
Peritonitis. V. 62. Lieutaud. Raygerus. Morgagni. LVII. 20.
II. In the peritoneum covering the omentum.—
(Omental peritonitis.)
Epiploitis. S. G. 106. Sag. 308†.
Omentitis. V. 61.
Inflammation of the omentum. Boer. Van. Swiet. Stork. Hulme.
III. In the peritoneum covering the mesentery.
( Mesenteric peritonitis.)
Mesenteritis. V. 60.
Mesenteric enteritis. S.
ditis nor pericardites are enumerated among the phlogistic disorders. We certainly
know that the pericardium has been inflamed without any other symptoms than those
of peripneumony.
[* Inflammation of the peritoneum. T.]
† The species of epliploitis of Mesenteritis as well as Peritonitis are here reci—
ted, not so much because they are inflammations of the same membrane as because
there are no symptoms by which they can be distinguished from Peritonitis properly
so called. 

54 GENERA OF
G. XV. GASTRITIS*.
CHA. Typhoid pyrexy; anxiety; burning and pain
in the epigastrium, increased by taking anything
into the stomach; an inclination to vomit, and
an instantaneous rejection of ingesta; hiccough.
Gastritis. S. G. 104. L. 28. V. 56. Sag. G. 306.
Inflammation of the stomach. Boerh.
Inflammatory stomachic fever. Hoff.
I. Idiopathics.
1. From internal causes.
A. Gastritis with acute pain, vehement pyrexy†,
(Phlegmonic gastritis.)
Legitimate gastritis. S. Eller. Haller. Lieut.
Erysipelatous gastritis. S‡.
Inflammatory cardialgia. S. Tralles.
2. From external causes.
Gastritis from poison. S.
B. With slighter pain and pyrexy, an erysipelatous
redness appearing in the fauces. (Erythematic
gastritis.)
II. Symptomatics.
Exanthematous gastritis. S.
Hernial gastritis. S.
Sternocostal gastritis. S. of this we are uncertain.
G. XVI. ENTERITIS‖.
CHA. Typhoid pyrexy; a pungent, stretching pain,
twisting about the navel; vomiting; obstinate
costiveness.
[* Inflammation of the stomach. T.]
† I am very certain from many observations that there are two species of gastritis,
as well as of enteritis: one phlegmonic, the other erysipelatous; and therefore I
have inserted them here, altho' it must be allowed, that the symptoms of erysipela—
tous gastritis, and more especially of erysipelatous enteritis, are often obscure and
uncertain. But I wish to give a caution about it for future enquiry.
‡ What Sauvages here calls erysipelatous, appears to be altogether phlegmonic.
[ ‖ Inflammation of the intestines, T.] 

55 DISORDERS. 
Enteritis. S. G. 105. L. 29. V. 57. Sag. G. 307.
Inflammation of the intestines. Boerh.
Inflammatory fever of the intestines from the mesentery. Hoff.
I. Idiopathics.
The species are,
1. Enteritis with acute pain, vehement pyrexy, vo—
miting and costiveness. (Phlegmonic enteritis.)
Iliac enteritis. S.
Cholicy enteritis. S. Boerh.
2. With slighter pain and pyrexy, without vomit—
ing, and with diarrhœa. (Erythematic enteritis.)
Symptomatic species.
Flatulent enteritis. S.
Enterocelic enteritis. S.
G. XVII. HEPATITIS*.
CHA. Pyrexy; tension and pain of the right hypo—
chondrium, often pungent like a pleuritic pain,
more often dull; a pain in the clavicle and top
of the right shoulder; difficulty of lying on the
left side; dyspnœa; dry cough; vomiting;
hiccough†.
Hepatitis. S. G. 113. L. 35. V. 58. Sag. G. 312. Boerh.
Hoff. Funck. Macbride.
It varies.
1. Acute. To be known by the symptoms menti—
oned in the character.
II. Chronic. This often shows no symptoms by
which it can be distinguished; yet it may some—
[* Inflammation of the liver. T.]
† Sauvages, as well as Sagar, has placed a yellowish colour of the face among the
symptoms of hepatitis, and the latter has added yellow bilious urine and a yellow—
ness of the serum and crust of the blood drawn. But I think Linnæus and Vogel
acted more properly in omitting these symptoms of regurgitation or absorption of
bile; for they do not always attend, but are very rare.

56 GENERA OF
times be suspected to be present, by some causes
of hepatitis preceding—by a sensation of fulness
and heaviness in the right hypochonder—by pains
more or less pungent felt now and then in that
part—-by a sensation of pain from pressing the
the right hypochonder, or by lying on the left
side—and finally, by a slighter pyrexy attacking
now and then, with the symptoms mentioned.
The species from Sauvages are,
Erysipelatous hepatitis. S*.
Pleuritic hepatitis. Bianc.
Hepatic pleurisy S.
Cystic hepatitis. S†.
Obscure hepatitis. S.
A secondary disorder is improperly enumerated as
a species.
Suppurating hepatitis. S. Cheston.
Hepatalgia ‖ from an abcess. S.
G. XVIII. SPLENITIS §.
CHA. Pyrexy; tension, heat, tumor, and pain up—
on pressure of the left hypochonder; without
signs of nephritis.
Splenitis. S. G. 114. L. 36. V. 59. Sag. G. 313. Funck.
Macbride.
Inflammation of the spleen. Boerh. Van Swiet.
* I think that physicians have had wrong ideas about erythema or erysipelas, of the
viscera, as they term it. In my opinion, an erythema can only affect those internal
surfaces which are covered by an epithetion and villous coat, which is a continua—
tion of the external epidermis. Therefore I cannot allow an erysipelas of the lungs,
which LOMMIUS has wrote about in Book II. of his Observations. Nor do I
think that any hepatitis can be called erysipetatous, as is done here by Sauvages;
and in my opinion the hepatitis here described by AMATUS, was truly phlegmonic.
† I do not doubt but that an inflammation of the gall cyst, or of the ductus chole—
dochus, may arise from contusion or other causes; but I do not know by what symp—
toms it can be ascertained, except in one case, viz. In the jaundice, with an acute
pain in the epigastric region, apparently from a calculous sticking in the duct. chol.
an inflammation has been known to take place frequently in the cystic duct. and it is
always to be guarded against.
‖ Pain of the Liver without Fever.
[ § Inflammation of the spleen. T.] 

57 DISORDERS. 
Only one species is recited.
Plegmonic splenitis. S. Forest. Dehaen. Van Sweit.
Splenitic pleurisy. S.
Splenalgia* from suppuration. S.
G. XIX. NEPHRITIS†.
CHA. Pyrexy; pain in the region of the kidneys,
often following the course of the ureter, frequent
miction of thin pale or very red urine; vomit—
ing, stupor of the thigh, retraction or pain of the
testicle on the same side.
Syn. Nephritis. S. 115, L. 37. V. 65. Sag. 314.
The species are,
I. Idiopathic.—Spontaneous.
True nephritis. S.
II. Symptomatics.
Calculous nephritis. S. 
Calculous nephralgia‡. S. 
Arenous nephralgia. S.
Purulent nephralgia. S. Cheston.
Arthritic nephralgia. S.
G. XX. CYSTITIS‖.
CHA. Pyrexy; tumor and pain of the hypogastri—
um; frequent painful miction or ischury; tenes—
mus.
Syn. Cystitis. S. 108. L. 31. V. 66. Sag. 309.
Inflammation of the bladder. Hoff.
The species are,
I. From internal causes.
Spontaneous Cystitis. S.
H
* Pain about the region of the left hypochonder. T.]
† Inflammation of the kidneys.]
‡ Fixed pain in the region of the kidneys and ureters without acute pyrexy. T.]
[ ‖ Inflammatian of the bladder.]

58 GENERA OF
II. From external causes.
Cystitis from cantharides. S.
Traumatic cystitis. S.
G. XXI. HYSTERITIS*.
CHA. Pyrexy; heat, tension, tumor and pain of
the hypogastrium, pain of the os uteri upon be—
ing touched; vomiting.
Syn. Hysteritis. L. 38. V. 63.
Metritis. S. 107. Sag. 315.
Uterine inflammation and fever. Hoff.
The species are,
Metritis of the puerperal. S.
Typhoid metritis. S.
Lacteal metritis. S.
G. XXII. RHEUMATISM. 
CHA. A disorder from an external and often, an
evident cause; pyrexy; pain about the joints
following the course of the muscles, attacking
the knees and the other large joints rather than
those of the feet or hands.
Syn. Rheumatismus. S. 185. L. 62. V. 138. Boerh. Funk.
Rheumatic and arthritic pains. Hoff.
Myositis. Sag. 301.
Lumbago. S. 212. V. 138. Sag. 169.
Ischias. S. 213. V. 138. Sag. 170.
Pleurodyne. S. 148. V. 138. Sag. 254. Mach.
Idiopathic species.
Acute rheumatism. S.
Common rheumatism. S.
It varies in its seat.
A. In the muscles of the loins.
Rheumatic lumbago. S. 212.
Rheumatic nephralgia. S. See note on nephralgia, 57.
[* Inflammation of the womb.] 

59 DISORDERS.
B. In the muscles of the coxendix.
Rheumatic ischias. S. 213.
C. In the muscles of the thorax.
Rheumatic pleurodyne. S.
Spurious pleurisy. Boerh.
Symptomatic species.
Plethoric lumbago. S.
Sanguineous ischias. S.
Plethoric pleurodyne. S.
Hysteric rheumatism. S.
Hysteric ischias. S.
Hysteric pleurodyne. S.
Flying rheumatism. S.
Flatulent pleurodyne. S.
Pleurodyne from spasm. S.
Scorbutic rheumatism. S.
Scorbutic lumbago. S.
Scorbutic pleurodyne. S.
Syphilitic ischias. S.
Venereal pleurodyne. S.
Sympathic lumbago. S.
from indurated mesenteric glands.
from a tumid, purulent, schirrous, putrid, pancreas.
from a schirrous putrefied kidney.
from an abcess about the bifurcation of the vena cava
from worms within the kidneys,
Lumbago from crudities. S.
Pleurodyne from indigestion. S.
Verminous flying rheumatism. S.
Verminous ischias. S.
Verminous Pleurodyne. S.
Metallic rheumatism. S.
Lumbago from hydrothorax. S.
Bastard—ischurial lumbago. S.
Lumbago from anuerism. S.
Pleurodyne from anuerism. S.
Pleurodyne from a ruptured oesephagus. S.
Ricketty pleurodyne. S.
Ischias from a redundancy of milk. S.
Catarrhal pleurodyne. S.
Phthesical pleurodyne. S.
Rheumatism from dry mortification. S.
Convulsive rheumatism. S.
Ischias of the gravid. S. 

60 GENERA OF
Parturient lumbago. S.
Lumbago from strain. S.
Ischias from distortion. S.
Dorsal rheumatism. S.
Lumbago from excessive venery. S.
Febricose rheumatism. S.
Febrile lumbago. S.
Febricose Pleurodyne. S.
Milliary rheumatism. S.
Milliary lumbago. S.
Milliary pleurodyne. S.
Consequent of rheumatism.
ARTHRODYNIA*.
CHA. After the rheumatism, violent strain, or dis—
tortion; pains of the joints or muscles, increased
especially by motion, more or less flying, lessen—
ed by the heat of the bed or other external heat,
weakness, stiffness and an easy frequent disposi—
tion of the joints to grow cold; no pyrexy, for
the most part no tumor.
Chronic rheumatism of authors.
Lumbago and ischias are sometimes acute disor—
ders, but as they are more often chronic, they
belong for the most part to this place.
London. Med. Obs. IV. 5.
G. XXIII. ODONTALGIA†.
CHA. A rheumatism, or arthrodynia of the jaws,
from a caries, of the teeth.
[* Pain in the joints, or chronic rheumatism.]
* If the chronic rheumatism is altogether a different genus from the acute, as in—
deed some conclude, it ought to have a simple name as every genus has, and I have
put such on one to it, and with propriety as I think; moreover as I have always
looked on it as a consequent of acute rheumatism (or of rheumatism simply speak—
ing) and as the limits between the two disorders are often, hardly to be determined,
I could scarce set down chronic rheumatism for a different genus; but the perfect
chronic rheumatism, turns out different in its nature, and demands such difference
in treatment, that at justly deserves to be distinguished by another name, and if any
one wishes to place it as a different genus he may for me.
[† Tooth—ach. T.] 
† In a former edition of our nosology I have admitted odontalgia for a species of
rheumatism, and have set it down as such; but as I have observed, it has a quite 

61 DISORDERS.
Odontalgia. S. 198. L. 45. V. 145. page 157. Funk. Mach.
Odontalgia or odontalgic rheumatism. Hoff.
The varieties from Sauvages are,
Carious odontalgia. S.
Scorbutic odontalgia. S.
Catarrhal odontalgia. S.
Arthritic odontalgia. S.
Odontalgia of the gravid. S.
Hysteric odontalgia. S.
Stomachic odontalgia. S.
G. XXIV. PODAGRA†.
CHA. A hereditary disorder, arising without any
evident external cause, but preceded for the most
part by an unusual affection of the stomach; a
pyrexy; pain chiefly afflicting a joint, and for
the most part of the great toe, invariably of the
feet and hands, returning at intervals, and often
alternating with affections of the stomach and
other internal parts.
Syn. Podagra. V. 175. Boerh.
Podagrial fever. V. 69.
Arthritis. S. 183. L. 60. V. 139. Sag. 142. Mach.
London Med. Obs. VI. 20.
Podagrial and true arthritic pain. Hoff.
Spastico arthritic affections. Funck.
different cause from any other rheumatism, viz. an acrimony irritating the sensible
membranes, I could with it have a genus also, different from rheumatism, and
therefore I have placed it here as a different genus.
Although the tooth—ach sometimes appears to be excited by cold and other irrita—
tions, I think that a caries of the teeth inducing an inflammatory diathesis is al—
ways present. Perhaps there are other disorders that arise from the irritations of
acrids which are very much like the rheumatism; but we are not certain about
these, however if the nervous ischias really does exist according to the idea of Cotun—
ni we might have another example of rheumatism from an acrimony irritating the
nirves; but neither the phenomena related by Cotunni, nor the method of cure,
nor the dissections, prove to me that a disorder of this kind ever existed; therefore
I have neither here nor any where else enumerated the nervous ischias of Cotunni
among the species of rheumatism.
[† The Gout. T.]
† I have rejected the name of arthritis as being ambiguous, and have used with
the celebrated Boerhave the name of Podagra, as marking the chief type of the dis—
order. 

62 GENERA OF
Perhaps Sauvages, in his unusual way, rightly affirm—
ed that there was only a single species of this
disorder; but the following varieties may be
marked.
I. Podagra with an inflammation of the joints suf—
ficiently violent, continuing for some days, and
receding, by little and little, with tumor, itching
and desquamation of the part. (Regular gout.)
Podagrial arthritis. S.
Rachealgic arthritis. S.*
Summer arthritis. S.
II. Podagra, with atonia of the stomach or of some
other internal part, and either without the ex—
pected or accustomed inflammation of the joints
or with only gentle and flying pains of the joints
and often suddenly alternating with dyspepsy or
the symptoms of atony. (Atonic gout.)
Melancholic arthritis. S.
Winter arthritis. S.
Chlorotic arthritis. S.
Astmatic arthritis. S.
III. Podagra, with sudden recession of the inflam—
mation of the joints and quickly followed by an
atony of the stomach or other internal part. (Re—
trocedent gout.)
IV. Podagra, with inflammation of an internal
part, either not preceding or preceding, and a
sudden recession of the inflammation of the joints.
(Misplaced gout.)
The gout is sometimes joined with other disorders.
Rheumatic arthritis. S.
Scorbutic arthritis. S.
Syphilitic arthritis. S.
* I place here as usual the varieties of Sauvages, or what he calls species; but as
his species are not always well defined, as well as because the regular gout and the
atonic are not always separated by him, I do not engage to be every where accurate
in placing his species in their proper places. 

63 DISORDERS. 
The following appear by no means to belong to the
gout.
Ricketty arthritis. S.
American arthritis. S.
Bahama arthritis. S.
G. XXV. ARTHROPOUSIS*.
CHA. Deep, obtuse, durable, pains of the joints or
of the muscular parts, often after a contusion;
little or no tumor and that diffused, no inflam—
mation, pyrexy at first slight, at length hectic,
and at the same time a suppuration of the part.
Psoadic lumbago. S. Fordyce. Cheston.
Apostematous lumbago. S.
Lumbago from ulcer of the bones. S.
Ischias from abscess. S.
Disorder of the hip. Dehaen.
Or. III. Eruptions†.
CHA. Contagious disorders, affecting a person only
once in the course of his life; beginning with fe—
ver, at a certain time inflammations appear, often
numerous, small, dispersed over the skin.
Syn. Exanthemata. Sag. el‡.
Exanthematic inflammations. S. Cl. III. Or. I.
Exanthematic disorders. L. Cl. I. Or. II.
Exanthematic fevers. Vog. Cl I. Or. II.
* As I believe that neither rheumatism nor gout ever go into suppuration, here
is certainly a disorder different from both, therefore to be put down as a different ge—
nus. I wish the character given to distinguish it from rheumatism, arthrodynia
(page 60) from an ulcer of the bones and phlogosis (G. VII.) may be every where
properly admitted.
[† Exanthemata.]
‡ It is somewhat doubtful, with what character this order is to be properly defin—
ed, and what limits are to be circumscribed to it; for if only eruptions that arise from
specific contagion, are to be looked upon as exanthemata and disorders of this order,
those eruptions which arise from no specific contagion, but only depend on a cer—
tain state of the fever, are by no means to be enumerated among the genuine exan—
themata. Thus Petechia is omitted by us and perhaps milliaria (G. XXXII) as
well as Aptha should have been omitted, but again, as most exanthematas are conta—
gious and only affect a person once in life, it appeared altogether proper that these 

64 GENERA OF
G. XXVI. VARIOLA*.
CHA. Contagious synocha with vomiting and pain
upon pressing the epigastrium.
It begins on the third day, and on the fifth the erup—
tion of phlegmonic papul is finished, which in
the space of eight days terminate in suppuration,
and at last in scabs, often leaving depressed cica—
trices or pits in the skin.
Syn. Variola. S. 92. L. 3. S. 290.
Variolous fever. V. 35. Hoff.
Variol. Boerhave. Funck.
The species are,
I. Small—pox, with pustules distinct, circular in their
limits, turgid; the fever ceasing immediately the
eruption is done. (Distinct small—pox.)
Distinct benignant small—pox. S.
Regular distinct small—pox. Syd.
Distinct: simple small—pox. Helvet.
Distinct complicated small—pox. S. Helv.
Anomalous small—pox. Syden.
Distinct dysenteric small—pox. S. Syden.
Distinct vessicular small—pox. S.
Distinct crystalline small—pox. Mead.
Distinct watery small—pox. S. Mead.
Distinct silliquous small—pox. S. Friend.
Distinct milliary small—pox. S. Helvet.
should be distinguished from eruptions that are not contagious, which may frequent—
ly attack a person in the coarse of his life. The small—pox and erysipelas, therefore
are not so properly placed under the same order. In fine, as eruptions may not al—
ways be of the same form in any disorder, nor always appear on any particular day
of the disorder, it may be justly doubted whether this disease is to be enunumerated
among exanthemata; and therefore I am dubious whether the plague should be re—
ferred to the order of fevers or of eruptions: perhaps all these things might be can—
vassed with advantage. I can scarce dare to determine certainly about them, but
what appeared most proper to me, may be seen plainly in the character which
I have given it; but as a character of the order is not altogether necessary to the
characters of genera and species, I have in some manner neglected this, and have
recited the disorders accounted by most nosologists for exanthemata.
[* Small—pox.] 

65 DISORDERS. 
II. Small pox with numerous pustules, confluent;
irregular in their limits, flaccid, little elevated
fever continuing after the eruption. (Confluent
small pox.)
Confluent small—pox. S.
Regular confluent small—pox of 1667. Syd.
Confluent simple small—pox. Helvet.
Confluent crystalline small—pox. S.
Iaponic small—pox. Kempser.
Vessicles of the goddess Barbara. C. Piso.*
Confluent malignant small—pox. Helv.
Confluent coherent small—pox. S.
Confluent malignant small—pox. Helv.
Confluent black small—pox. S. Sydenh.
Confluent malignant small—pox. Helv.
Sanguineous small—pox. Mead.
Confluent clustered small—pox. S.
Confluent malignant small—pox. Helv.
G. XXVII. VARICELLA†.
CHA. Synocha.
Pimples breaking out after a short slight fever, go—
ing into pustules like the small pox, but scarce
into suppuration; after a few days ending in little
scales, without leaving a scar.
Syn. Varicella. V. 4.
Lymphatic small—pox. S.
The chicken—pox. Edin. Med. Ess. II. a 2. Herberden Med.
Transact.
G. XXVIII. RUBEOLA‡.
CHA. Contagious synocha with sneezing, epiphora
(G. CXIX.) and a dry hoarse cough.—On the
fourth day or a little later small pimples break
out, close together, scarce eminent, and after
three days go into a very small furfuraceous
scurf.
Syn. Rubeola. S. 94. L. 4. Sag. 293.
I
* Sauvages has placed these vessicles here as a species of small—pox, but the vessi—
cles described by Piso appear to me, to belong rather to pemphigus. (G. 34.)
[† Chicken pox. T.]
[‡ The measles, T.] 

66 GENERA OF
Morbillous fever. V. 36. Hoff.
Morbilli. Junk.
I. Measles, with very small pimples, confluent
cluttered, scarce eminent. (Common measles.)
Common measles. S.
Regular measles. Syden.
Lond. Med. Ob. iv. 19. 20.
It varies,
1. With more violent symptoms, and in its course
less regular.
Anamolous Robeola S.
Anamolous Morbilli. Syden.
2. Cynanche attending.
Anginous measles. S. Edin. Ess. vol. v. a z.
3. A putrid deathesis attending.
Watson. Lond. Med. Ob. Vol. IV. a. XI.
II. Measles with distinct eminent pimples. (Varr—
olous measles.)
Varriolous measles. S.*
The Nirles.—Of the Scotch.
G. XXIX. SCARLATINA.
CHA. Contagious synocha.
On the fourth day of the disorder the face is
swoln a little; at the same time a florid redness
appears very were in the skin with large spots,
at length uniting, after three days going into a
furfuraceous scurf; after that an anasarca often
supervening.
Syn. Scarlatina. S. 98. V. 39. Sag. 294. Junk.
The species are,
I. Scarlatina with no attending cynanche. (Simple 
scarlatina.)
* Following Sauvages, I have pointed out this disorder here although I
doubt much, if it is possible to be referred to the measles. For not only the form of
the pimples differ very much, but it is for the most part without the catarrhal symp-
toms (so proper to the measles,) which is of much more consequence. 

67 DISORDERS. 
Scarlet fever. S. Syd. Soc. Roy. Macbride.
II. Scarlatina with ulcerous cynanche*. (Cynancheal
Scarlatina.)
Anginous Scarlatina. S. Withering.
We are uncertain about
Skersy scarlatina. S. Syd.
Variolus scarlatina. S.
G. XXX. PESTIS†.
CHA. Most contagious typhus, with the greatest
debility.‡
An eruption of bubos, or anthrax on an uncertain
day of the disorder.
Syn. Pestis. S. 91. L. 2. Junk.
Pestilential fever. V. 33. Hoff. 3.
It varies in degree.
Benignant plague. S. Marseilles plague. Cl. 3. Treatise on the
P. p. 41. cl. 5. T. p. 228.
* In the space of forty years I have observed the scarlatina six or seven times epi—
demic in Scotland, and in every case, the disorder was of that species which Sauva—
ges calls anginous scarlatina. We have called it cynanche scarlatina, because it was
almost always accompanied with ulcers of the internal fauces. As the disorder
sometimes nearly resembles the malignant cynanche in most of the patients, and I
have never seen the simple epidemic scarlatina in every patient, I have often doubt—
ed whether every scarlatina was not a cynanche, and always nearly the same disorder
as the malignant cynanche, mentioned above among inflammations. But many
reasons prevent us from giving up to this opinion, for certainly a simple scarlatina, or
one without attending cynanche has at times been observed by the very sagacious Sy—
denham and others, and it is allowed that some contagions produce the scarlet efflo—
rescence of the skin, and this disorder without any cynanchecal affection. But if
at any time there may be also a contagion affecting the fauces, which for the most
part produces a scarlatina also, this appears to me to prove nothing more, than that
it is of a nature, which is capable of affecting the fauces, and skin at the same
time; but yet they may so differ, that one has a greater tendency to affect chiefly
and primarily the skin, the other the fauces. I think that there is such a difference
existing in the contagion of the scarlatina and the malignant cynanche.
In the epidemic disorder which I have taken for scarlatina, there were some pa—
tients without any cynanche, and in almost all those who had a cynanche, it turned
out very moderate, the ulcers of the tonsils being small, not spreading, and for
the most part pouring out good pus, and the disorder was seldom fatal. But in the ma—
lignant cynanche, all the sick were seized with cynanche in the beginning of the
disorder, and the ulcers always turned out malignant, fœtid, extending and gangre—
nous; moreover, the disorder shewed many signs of putridity and debility, and for
the most part ended fatally.
[† The plague. T.]
* Disputes have often arisen among physicians about the character of the plague,
nor are they likely to end, so that we may give a chapter that will be admissible in
general; and it may be enough to have given one which can be admitted in most
cases. 

68 GENERA OF
Remittent plague, S.
Common plague. S. Marseilles plague. Cl. 2. Treat. p. 38.
cl. 2, 3, & 4. page 225.
Waldchmidt. De pest Holsat.
Chenot. Plague of Transylvania, 1755, 1759.
Dehean. De Merten's plague of Moscow, 1771.
Lamorlouetz memoirs of Moscow, 1771, &c.
Uttericht. Pest of Dantzic, 1770.
Muratoris del Governs. Plague of Buscia.
Egyptian plague. S. Alpin.
Internal plague. S. Marseilles plague. Cl. I. Treatise on Plague.
P. 37, 244.
The species are doubtful.
Sporadic plague. S.
Carbunculous plague. S,
Siam plague. S.
G. XXXI. ERYSIPELAS*.
CHA. Synocha of two or three days, for the most
part with sleepiness often with delirium. In some
part of the skin, more often in the face an ery—
thematic Phlogosis. (G. 7. sp. 2.)
Syn. Erysipelas. S. 97. L. 10. Sag. 296.
Erysipelaceous fever. Vog. 68.
Erysipelatous fever. Macbride.
The species are,
I. Eprysipelas with erythema, extending redness
occupying a large space, and some places of it
going into large vessicles. (Vessicular erysipelas.)
Rose Erysipelas. S. Sen.
Erysipelatous fever. Syden.
Typhoid Erysipelas. S.†
Pestilential Erysipelas‡. S.
[* St. Anthony's fire. T.]
* The word Erysipelas is made use of by medical writers, for Erythematic Phlo—
gosis as well as for Erysipelatous fever, but Sauvage properly chooses to call that
which has no fever except a symptomatic, joined with it, Erythema, and only the
Exanthematic fever, which is followed by an Erythema, Erysipelas.
Linnæus perhaps more improperly has Erysipelas for a chief type of Exanthema—
ta; but it may be doubted whether Erysipelas can be properly enumerated among
Exanthematas.
† This appears to be only a variety of Vessicular Erysipelas differing solely in de—
gree.
‡ This and the following appear to be no more than symptomatic fevers with
Erythema.

69 DISORDERS. 
Contagious Erysipelas. S.
II. Erysipelas with an erythema from numerous
pimples, occupying, especially, parts of the trunk
of the body, and going immediately into phlyc—
tenae or small vessicles. (Phlyctenous† erysipelas.)
Erysipelas Zoster. S.
Zona. The shingles of the English. Russel.
Zona Ignea, or fiery belt. Hoffman.
Herpes Zoster. S.
Symptomatic.
Erysipelas from poison. S.
The other species of Sauvages belong to erythema.
G. XXXII. MILLIARIA‡.
CHA. Synochus with anxiety, frequent sighs, rancid
sweat, and pricklings of the skin.
On an uncertain day of the disorder, small red dis—
tinct pimples break out thick all over the skin,
except on the face, the apices of which, after one
or two days, discover very small white pustules
of short duration.
Syn. Milliaria. L. 7.
But it is to be here remarked that the Erysipelas often brings with it something of
a putrid gangrenous disposition, and I do not doubt but that the Erysipelas, which
in this region is for the most part accompanied with a phlogistic diathesis, is some—
times attended with a putrid diathesis, expecially in the hotter countries; and per—
haps we might have pointed out two species of Erysipelas, to wit, the inflammatory
and the putrid; but we are not sufficiently certain about the latter.
† I doubt whether this species can be properly referred to the same genus with ves—
sicular Erysipelas
[‡ Milliary fever. T.]
It is sharply disputed of late by physicians, and especially those of Vienna, about
the disposition of the milliary disorder; and in the first place it is earnestly enquired,
whether it is ever idiopathic, or whether it is always symptomatic. I cannot dare to
affirm that it is never idiopathic, contrary to the opinion of physicians from the middle
of the 17th century down almost to the present day, and against the ideas of some
respectable physicians of the present time; but as I know experience in this case to be
often fallacious, and most physicians to have been a servile herd of imitators, I am
forced to doubt; and howsoever it may be, I know for a certainty that the milliary dis—
order has been for the most part symptomatic. From frequent observation of my own
for many years, I have never seen it contagious, nor manifestly epidemic, although
sometimes it has been more frequent than usual. It is sometimes joined to some
other disorders inflammatory as well as putrid; yet I have not observed it to arise in
any except a hot regimen and sweats preceded, and in many cases by a temperate re—
gimen and avoiding sweat, the disorder has been altogether prevented when it was
otherways expected. I have known it divers times, raised artificially in some parts 

70 GENERA OF
Milliaris. S. 95. Sag. 295.
Milliary fever. V. 37.
Red purple fever and white milliary. Hoff.
Purple or milliary fever. Junk.
The FRIESEL of the Germans. G. Welch.
The chief writers on this disorder are,
Hamilton, Fantonus, Allioni, Fordyce, Fischer, Dehaen, Mat. Col—
lin, Baraillon, Gastellier, Varnier.
These belong (if any are allowed) to the idiopa—
thic.
Benignant milliary. S.
Malignant milliary. S.
Renewing milliary. S.
German milliary. S.
These are plainly symptomatics.
Bourbon milliary. S.
Britannic milliary. S.
New milliary fever. Syden.
Sweating milliary. S.
Nautical milliary. S.
Purple milliary. S.
Lacteal milliary. S.
Milliary of the puerperal, S.
Scorbutic milliary. S.
Critical milliary. S.
G. XXXIII. URTICARIA*.
of the body. And in fine, because the matter, (if any be allowed), of most specific
contagions, by no means resembles the disposition of the milliary; because that does
not cause an eruption on a particular day of the disorder, as well as because it is not
confined to affect a person only once in life, but may do it frequently. Therefore I
very much doubt whether the specific nature of this matter is suitable to produce any
idiopathic disorder. I rejoice that I have with me the opinion of the experienced
and skilful C. White, on this point. See White, on the management of lying—in
women.
But, as I readily acknowledge that I may have been deceived in this thing, lest I
deceive others at the same time, I have here recited Milliaria among Exan—
themata, and I have offered a character, which any one, who accounts this disorder
idiopathic, would have given; leaving this point to some more skilful, to be decided.
[* Nettle fever. T]
* There is a disorder called nettle rash by the English, which some understand to
be Urticaria ; but the nettle rash, as described by Herberden, in the transactions of
the royal medical society of London, (such as I have often seen myself,) is altogether
different from the Urticaria of nosologists: as it is chronic, without fever, and per—
haps belongs to impetigines, or depravations. 

71 DISORDERS.
CHA. Quotidian remittent fever.*
On the second day spotted rednesses resembling the
sting of nettles, almost disappearing in the day,
returning in the evening with fever and after a
few days going altogether into a very small scarf†.
Syn. Nettle fever. V. 40.
Uredo. L. 8.
Nettle purple fever. Junk.
Nettle scarlatina. S.
Another species of Erysipelas. Syd.
Scarlatina fever, and nettle fever. Mesery.
G. XXXIV. PEMPHIGUS.‡
CHA. Contagious typhus.
On the first, second, or third day of the disorder,
vessicles of the size of a filbert nut, in various
parts, remaining for many days, at length pour—
ing out a thin ichor.
Syn. Pemphigus. S. 93. Sag. 291.
Morta. L.
Blistered fever. V. 41.
The species from Sauvages are,§
* I have said this is contagious, in a former edition, but I do not know it to be so
from my own experience, and I cannot now find from what authority I before men—
tioned it to be contagious.
† This character is written according to the sentiments of others rather than
myself, for I have seldom seen this disorder, and have never observed it epidemic.
‡ [Vessicatory Fever. T.]
§ As I have not yet seen a Pemphigus which I can look upon as an Exanthe—
mata, and I can find only very little in the writings of physicians about this disorder.
It was necessary to take almost every thing, that is said in our Nosology, from Sau—
vages. I have therefore followed him, but could have willingly omitted this disor—
der altogether, for almost every thing said by him about it, appears to me dubious,
obscure, and ambiguous. What he has from his own observation or from C. Piso,
may be altogether credited, but what he took from Ch. Seliger, (a man of weak
judgment,) appears to me to be worthy of little attention and what are
brought from the relation of D. THIERRY, altogether exceeds my faith: Won—
derful! “ Bezoardic acid given by a certain physician, in a very destructive disor—
der, should make all well, whilst scarce one escaped that was trusted to other physicians.”
In fine, concerning a very doubtful disorder, described dy D. Langhans, in the
Act. Helvet. I would not conclude any thing until other observations have elucida—
ted the matter. Perhaps that disorder was nothing more than a Cynanche Maligna,
and at the most, it appears very likely that every Pemphigus is a symptomatic dis—
order. A little while after this was printed, my colleague, F. Horme, shewed me
a man with a slight fever, on whom there arose, first on his arm, and at length
successively on every part of his body, vessicles the size of a filbert, and after two
or three days they fell away, having poured out a little serous humor. But this
fever shewed no peculiar disposition or type, and soon disappeared, being by no
means contagious. 

72 GENERA OF
Greater pemphigus. S.
Serous exanthemata. C. Piso.
Pemphigous fever, German Register. D. I. A. viii. Obs. 56.
Camp pemphigus. S.
Malignant fever, with vessicles scattered about the breast and
neck. Morton.
Helvetian pemphigus. S. Langhans.
Vessicatory fever. Macbride.
Of the Indian pemphigus. S. and
Brazil pemphigus. S. we are uncertain.
G. XXXV. APTHA*.
CHA. Synochus†.
The tongue a little swoln, a purplish colour of the
tongue and fauces; whitish eschars appearing first
in the fauces and about the margins of the
tongue, at last occupying the whole internal
mouth, often coalescing, returning quickly when
rubbed off and remaining for no certain time.
Syn. Aptha. S. 100. L. 9. Sag. 298. Booerhave. Hoff. Junck.
Apthose fever. V. 44.
I only know one idiopathic species.
Aptha of infants.
Aptha of sucklings. S.
These appear symptomatic.
Febrile aptha. S.
Malignant aptha. S.
The following are manifestly symptomatics.
Syphylitic aptha. S.
Scorbutic aptha. S
*[Thrush. T.]
† I doubt whether aptha should be recited among exanthemata, for almost every
aptha which I have seen has been without fever, and if at any time a fever attended
the aptha of Infants, this almost always supervened the aptha. The aptha of adults
indeed often supervenes the fever, but it is for the most part joined with fevers of
different species about their end. And there is no proper apthose fever marked, or
even mentioned by physicians as far as I know. 

73 DISORDERS.
Symptomatic exanthemata.
Purpura. S. 96. Sag. 292*.
Petechia. L. 5.
OR. IV. Hæmorrhagies†.
CHA. Pyrexy, with a flowing of blood, without ex—
ternal violence; the blood appears as in inflam—
mations.
Syn. Hæmorrhagies. V. Cl. II. Or. I. Hoff. II. 194. Junk.
Fluxes of blood. S. Cl. IX. Or. I. Sag. Cl. V. Or. I.
G. XXXVI. EPISTAXIS‡.
CHA. Pain or heaviness of the head, redness of the
face, flowing of blood from the nose.
Epistaxis. V. 82.
Hæmorrhagy. S. 237. L. 173. Sag. 174.
Hæmorrhagy of the nose. Hoff. Junk.
I. Idiopathi.
Plethoric Hæmorrhagy. S. Hoff.
It varies in the time of life.
K
* As petecheæ may appear in any fevers either intermittent or continued or in
any exanthemata or fluxes, provided there be some ploclivity in these disorders to
putridity; I would look upon these, rather as symptomatic efflorescences, than idi—
opathic exanthemata.
† As the class of Fluxes with Sauvages and Sagar, or of profluvia with Vogel, or
of evacuating disorders with Linnæus, is not at all natural (as it joins disorders alto—
gether unlike in appearance and nature,) I have thought it improper, and therefore
would not admit such a class in our nosology, and suppose that the disorders there
recited should have been in another place. Those which are always accompanied
with some pyrexy are surely to be placed under the class of pyrexies, and therefore
the hæmorrhagies which they call active, are placed here.
I follow Hoffman, who treats on Hæmorrhagies of this kind immediately after
fevers, and gives his reason in the preface, to wit, because the phœnomena being well
considered, and the reasons drawn more carefully, it will appear, that eruptions of
blood proceed from nearly the same (only more imperfect causes as what fevers arise
from.”
[‡ Bleeding at the nose. T.]
‡ Linnæus has rightly advised, in the Botanical Criticisms, as well as in the
Botanical Philosophy, No. 233. “ The generic name should be omitted with the common
nomenclature of the classes and natural orders.” Yet he makes a breach of this
rule, when he uses for a generic name, the term of hæmorrhagy, which is fre—
quently used for an appellation of classes and natural orders. Hippocrates himself,
is not to be imitated when he errs. Therefore the name of this genus required to be
changed, and I have taken one from Vogel, which is here made use of. 

74 GENERA OF
Expistaxis (of young people) with signs of arterial ple—
thora.
Expistaxis (of the aged) with signs of venous plethora.
II. Symptomatics.
1. from internal causes.
Febrile Hæmorrhagy. S.
Critical Hæmorrhagy. S. Hoff.
Insalutary Hæmorrhagy. S. Hoff.
Hæmorrhagy in Chronics. S.
2. From external causes.
Passive Hermorrhagy. S.
Hæmorrhagy from a leach. S.
G. XXXVII. HEMOPTYSIS*
CHA. Redness of the cheeks; a sense of uneasiness,
or pain and sometimes of heat in the breast; dif—
ficulty of breathing; tickling of the fauces; cough
or a little hacking, throwing up florid blood, of—
ten frothy.
Syn. Hemoptysis S. 240. L. 179. V. 4. Sag. 175.
Junk.
Hemoptoe. Boerhaave.
Flux of blood from the lungs. Hoff.
The Idiopathic species are,
1. Hemoptysis without any external violence, not
preceded by cough or a suppression of an accus—
tomed evacuation. (Plethoric Hemoptysis.)
2. Hemoptysis from external violence. (Violent
Hemoptysis.)
Accidental hemoptysis. S.
Habitual hemoptysis. S.
Traumatic hemoptysis. S.
3. Hemoptysis after a cough with long continued
macies and debility. (Phthesical hemoptysis.)
Phthesical hemoptysis. S.
[* Spitting of blood. T.] 

75 DISORDERS.
Hemoptysis from tubercles of the lungs. S.
Hemopto. Lon. Med. Obs. I V. 16. 18.
4. Hemoptysis, attended with a discharge of little
stony lumps, for the most part calcarious. (Cal—
culous hemoptysis.
Calculous hemoptysis. S.
5. Hemoptysis after the suppression of an usual eva—
cuation. (Vicarious hemoptysis.)
Catamenial hemoptysis. S.
Periodical hemoptysis. S.
These are symptomatic.
Pneumonic hemoptysis.
Catarrhal hemoptysis. S.
Peripneumonic hemoptysis, from the fountain of Laelius.
Exanthematic hemoptysis.
Variolous hemoptysis. S.
Rubeolous hemoptysis.
Hydropic hemoptysis.
Ascitic hemoptysis. S.
Hydrothoracic hemoptysis.
Cachectic hemoptysis,
Splenitic hemoptysis. S.
These are improper and spurious.
Hemoptysis from diapedesis. S.
Hemoptysis from mortification of the lungs. S.
Scorbutic hemoptysis. S.
Helvegian hemoptysis. S.
Hemoptysis from a leach. S.
Consequent of hemoptysis
PHTHESIS*
CHA. Emaciation and debility of the body with
cough, hectic fever and for the most part a puru—
lent expectoration.
Syn. Phthesis. S. 276. L. 208. V. 319. Sag. 101. Junk.
Phthesical affection, or pulmonic tabes. Hoff.
London Med. Obs. 1 V. 18. 23. V. 33. Simmons.
The species are
[ * Consumption, T.] 

76 GENERA OF 
I. Phthesis without an expectoration of pus. (Inci—
pient phthesis.)
Incipient phthesis. Morton.
Dry phthesis. S.
II. Phthesis with an expectoration of pus. (Confirm—
ed phthesis.)
Confirmed phthesis of authors.
Humid Phthesis. S.
Both species vary.
In the remote cause.
Hemoptoic phthesis. S.
Phthesis from peripneumony. S.
Asthmatic phthesis. S.
Calculous phthesis. S.
Exanthematic phthesis. S.
Phthesis from fevers. S.
Rheumato—arthritic phthesis. S.
Chlorotic phthesis. S.
Icteric phthesis. S. Schacht.
Hypochondriac phthesis. S.
Schrophulous phthesis. S.
Chylous phthesis S.
Schorbutic phthesis. S.
Syphilitic phthesis. S.
Phthesis from Plica. S.
Phthesis from a metastasis of pus. S.
It varies in the course of the pus.
Phthesis from Vomica. S.
Cellular phthesis. S. Dehean*.
G XXXVIII. HÆMORRHOIS†
CHA. Heaviness or pain of the head; Vertigo;
pain of the loins, pain of the anus; livid pain—
ful tubercles about the anus from which, for the
most part, blood flows which sometimes also drops
from the anus without any apparent tumor.
* Whether Haenius has judged right or not about the source of the pus, these
species can scarce have a place in nosology, because they cannot be distinguished by
any external symptoms. 
† [The piles. T.] 

77 DISORDERS. 
Syn. Hemorrhois. S. 217. L. 192. Sag. 182. Macbride.
Hemorrhoidal flux. Hoff.
Hemorhoids. Junk.
Leucorrhois. V. 112.
Hemorrhoidal proctalgia*. Macbride.
The species are.
1. External hemorrhois from tumors in the anus.
(Swelling hemorrhois.)
Marisca. S. 35. Sag. 27.
It varies.
A. Being bloody.
Moderate hemorrhois. S.
Ordinate hemorrhoids. Junk.
Redundant hemorrhoides. Junk.
Immoderate hemorrhois. S.
Excessive hemorrhois. Alberti.
Polypose hemorrhois. S.
B. Being mucous.
Discolourcd, white and hoary hemorrhoides. Junk. Alberti.
Galled proctalgia. Macbride.
2. External hemorrhois from falling of the anus.
(Falling hemorrhois.)
Hemorrhois from inverted anus. S. Medic. Essays Lit. & Phys.
II. 27. Morgani Ep. 33.
3. Internal hemorrhois without external tumor or
falling of the anus.† (Flowing hemorrhois.)
* Proctalgia a pain in the anus.
† Sthal and his followers distinguished hemorrhois into internal, which discharge
blood from the branches of the vena portarum; and external, which pour out the
blood from the branches of the vena cava. But as far as I can see, the source of
the blood discharged cannot be distinguished by any means.—Therefore there ap—
pears no place for this distinction, nor if there was, would it be any assistance in
distinguishing the nature or effect of the disorder, for the arteries and veins which
belong to the inferior part of the Rectum, (howsoever different their origin
may be,) communicate and join to one and the other, so that the affection of either
would be immediately communicated to the other, and therefore both affections
must always be nearly the same.—I have not therefore distinguished hemorrhois
into internal and external, according to the idea of Sthal, but according as the source
of the discharged blood was more within or without the anus. 

78 GENERA OF 
4. Hemorrhois, with pain and tumour of the anus,
without a discharge of blood. (Blind Hemorr—
hois.)
Blind hemorrhoides. Junk. Albert*
Inflammatory proctalgia. Macbride.
G. XXXIX MENORRHAGIA.
CHA. Pains of the back, loins, belly, like partu—
rient pains, a more copious menstruation or flux
of blood from the vagina than usual.
Syn. Menorrhagia. S. 244. L. 202. V. 96.
Metrorrhagia. Sag. 179.
Hemorrhagy of the Uterus. Hoff.
Uterine Hemorrhagy. Junk.
Leucorrhoea. S. 267. L. 201. V. 119. Sag. 202.
Uterine cachexy, or whites. Hoff.
Whites. Junk.†
Abortus. S. 245. L. 204. S. 180. Junk.
Abortio. V. 97.
A flux of uterine blood. Boerhaave.
Convulsion of the uterus, or abortion. Hoff—
The species are,
1. Sanguineous menorrhagia in those not gravid,
nor puerperal. (Red menorrhagia.)
Immoderate menorrhagia, S. Pasta.
Dripping menorrhagia. S.
2. Sanguineous menorrhagia in the gravid. (Abor—
tive menorrhagia.)
* The piles is often a disorder of the whole body, or depending on a certain state
of the whole body, it is also, often a disorder merely local, I would not never—
theless refer the species of it to local disorders, because any piles altho' in the onset
merely local, (if it often returns, as it usually does,) necessarily becomes a disorder
of the whole body, as much as any other hemorrhage that returns often.—I would
not therefore separate the connected parts, and I supposed that the whole of
hermorrhois should be recited among the universal disorders.
† I have recited here with menorrhagia, Leucorrhoea, or the whites, of authors,
and I think that the whites, without any local fault, is altogether proper for this
place.
Because, for the most part, and almost universally, the whites is either joined with
menorrhagia, or immediately follows it, and it is very likely, from the time that
the whites appears, that the serum discharged in it, comes from the same vessels as
the menses. and that it often arises from the same cause as the menorrhagia rubra, or
red menorrhagia. 

79 DISORDERS.
Menorrhagia of the gravid. S. Pasta.
Out flowing abortion. S.
Subtrimenstrual abortion. S.
Subsemenstrual abortion. S.
Abortion from laxity of the uterus. S.
3, Sanguineous menorrhagia in the puerperal. (Lo—
chial menorrhagia.)
Lochial menorrhagia. S. Pasta.
4. Sanguineous menorrhagia from a local fault.
(Menorrhagia of the faulty.)
Menorrhagia from a mole. S.
Ulcerous menorroagia. S.
5. Serous menorrhagia without local fault in those
not gravid.* (White Menorrhagia.)
Leucorrhoea. (Genus as above.)
Menorrhagia without colour. S.
American leucorrhoea. S.
Indian leucorrhoea. S.
6. Serous menorrhagia in the gravid. (Menorrhagia
of nabothus.†)
Leucorrhoea nabothi.
Leucorrhoea of the gravid. S.
I think that the serous menorrhagia or leucorrhoea
from a local fault should be referred to local dis—
orders.
The following hemorrhagies for the most part, if
not always are symptomatics.
STOMACACE. S. 241. L. 176. V. 85. Sag. 176.
* Perhaps the learned reader may here wonder why I have neither referred our
students to the treatise on the whites of the learned Parisian Raulin, nor recited the
various species pointed out by that author. I leave it to judges whether I have done
right or not, but this was the reason why I did not do it. There appeared to me many
things in that ingenious book more nice than true; and I cannot conceive either,
how the whites can arise from an affection of any other part than the uterus or that
they do at all. It is not reasonable to me judging according to my observations,
perhaps they may be too few! Therefore I had rather refer our readers to the au—
thor himself than to exhibit here a doctrine not well understood and perhaps, more
imperfectly delivered to us.
† A number of glands about the mouth of the womb, were formerly called gla—
dulæ nabothi. 

80 GENERA OF 
It is a symptom of scurvy, or of an affection of the
mouth, or of an external injury.
The species from Sauvages are,
1. Scorbutic stomocace.
2. Universal stomacace.
3. Stomacace from hemorrhous.*
4. Purulent stomacace.
HÆMATAMESIS. S. 242. L. 184. V. 89. S. 177.†
For the most part it is vicarious of an usual he—
morrhagy, or it is symptomatic of a local injury
of the stomach, or of the black disorder, or in
fine of external violence. But as I reckon it
proper to recite most all the species of Sauvages
I chose to put them down in the following or—
der.
Plethoric. 
Catamenial. 
Hemorrhoidal. 
Hæmatemesis.
Hematemesis from the spleen.
from the liver.
from the pancreas.
Black
Scorbutic.
Hæmatemesis
Hematemesis from an anuerism
Carnous bloody hematemesis.
Traumatic hematemesis.
Hematemesis from a leach.
Choleric hematemesis.
Hematemesis from poison.
Hypocritical hematemesis.
Sauvages' arrangement.
Hæmatemesis. 
1. Plethoric.
2. From anuerism.
3. Traumatic.
4. From a leach.
5. Catamenial.
6. From the pancreas.
7. From the spleen.
8. Scorbutic.
* Hæmorrhous, a serpent called Curucucu. by Piso.
[† Vomiting of blood. T.] 

81 DISORDERS.
9. Chlorotic.
10. Hypocritic.
11. Carnous—Bloody.
12. Black.
13. From the liver.
14. From poison.
HÆMATURIA. S. 243. L. 198. V. 92. Sag. 178. Ed. Ess. V. 72.
(Pissing of Blood.)
It is for the most part a symptom of stone in the
kidneys, sometimes of putrid fevers.
The species according to Sauvages, are,
Spontaneous Hæmaturia.
Catamenial do.
Calculous do.
Black do.
Purulent do.
Violent do.
Traumatic do.
Hæmorrhoidal do.
Ejaculatory do.
Dripping Hæmaturia.
Hæmaturia in exanthematics.
Spurious hæmaturia
Deceptive do.
Hæmaturia from transfusion.
Do. from worms.
CYSTERRHAGIA. V.93. (Piles in the Bladder.)
For the most part a symptom of a stone in the blad—
der, more seldom of any other disorder of that
organ.
Or. V. Fluxes*.
CHA. Pyrexy, with an increased secretion, natu—
turally not sanguinous.
Syn. Profluvia. V. Cl. II.
L
[ * Profluvia. T.]
* For the same reason that I have placed hæmorrhagies in the class of pyrexies, I
have recited some febrile profluvia in the same class. A catarrh, indeed, from the
attending pyrexy and inflammatory diathesis is nearly allied to inflammations, and
dysentery is not only always attended with pyrexy, but it also differs in many res—
pects from every other flux.

82 GENERA OF 
G. XL. CATARRHUS.*
CHA. Pyrexy, often contagious; an increased se—
cretion of mucous from the glands of the mem—
brane of the nose, at least, efforts to exerete it.
Syn. Catarrhus. S. 186. V. 98. Sag. 145.
Coryza. L. 174. V. 100. Sag. 196.
Rheuma. S. 149. Sag. 225.
Cough. S. 142. L. 155. V. 205. Sag. 249. Junk.
Catarrhal and rheumatic cough. Hoff.
The following genera, to be referred to this title,
are for the most part symptomatic.
Anacatharsis. S. 262. Sag. 198. Constant expectoration.
Expectoratio. L. 179. Expectoration.
Raucedo. L. 146.
Raucitas. V.252.
Hoarseness.
Gravedo. L. 42. Heavy pain in the forehad.
Sp. 1. Catarrh from cold.
Benignant catarrh. S.
Pectoral catarrh. S.
Catarrhal Coryza. S.
Phlegmatoreal coryza. S. Salmuth. Junk. Morg. XIV. 21.
Febricose coryza. S.
Catarrhal cough. S. N. Rosens.
Catarrhal rheuma. S.
Catarrhal quotidian remittent. S.
Catarrhal remittent fever. Mach.
Quotidian remittent with hacking cough. S.
Catarrhal cephalalgia. S.
Sp. 2. Catarrh from contagion.
Epidemic catarrh. S.
Epidemic rheuma. S.
Catarrhal synocha. S.
These are instances of this,
In the year 1323. T. Tozzet from Ch. Met. Del. Tosi. Ob—
serv. Med. Racolt. I. p. 175.
1328. Ibid.
1358. Ibid.
1387. Ibid. Valescus. in Morgany. XIII. 4.
Marchesius. Ibid.
[ * Catarrh, or Cold. T.] 

83 DISORDERS.  
1510. Valeriola. append, ad loc. com. c. 2.
1575. Ibid. Riverius Obs. found in ancient writ—
ings. Obs. IX. Forestus, Lb. VI.
Obs. I.
1580. Hænesius to Areteus p. 315. 396. Wier
Ob. L. II. P. Sal. Div. on the pestilen—
tial fever Ch. XI. Forestus, L. VI. Obs.
3. Riverius Obs. found in ancient writ—
ings. X. Sennert on fevers, L. IV. Ch. 17.
1591. Sennert Ibid. Pechlin L. XI Ob. 17.
1658. Willis on fevers Ch. 16.
1675. Sydenham, Sect. V. ch. 5. Raygesus in the
German Diary. D. I. A. VI. and VII.
Obs. 213. P. de Sorbait.
1679 Sydenh. Ep. to R. Brady, Zod. Med. Gal.
A. I. Decemb. Obs. 6.
1708. Schrokius in G. Diary. Cent. I. and II. in
the append, p. 14.
1709. Hoff. II. 47.
1712. Camerarius in G. D. Cent. III. & IV. Obs.
58. Schrokius ibid, in the append, p. 26.
1729. and 30. Hoffman II. 109. C. F. Loew. in
the append, to A. N. C. Vol. 3. Scheuch—
zer Obs. meteor in the ap. to A. N.C.
III. Obs. 48 p. and 142. Hillary on the
weather and diseases p. 35. Winteringham.
nos. comp. Rutty, Hist. of the weather
p. 17. Perkins, Hist. Roy. Soc. I. p. 209.
1732. and 33. Com. Lit. Norimb. 1733. p. 6. 52.
108, 267.
Detharding de feb. Eyderostad. pract. dist.
with Haller vol. V. Ed. Med. Ess. V.2.
A. 2.
Hillary, on the weather &c. p. 47. Win—
teringham, nos. com. p. 358. Huxham, on
the air &c. 1733. March. Feb.
Rutty, Hist. of the weather p. 30.
1737. Janua. Rutty Ibid. p. 60. Octob. Rutty p.
60. July. Norimb. com. Lit. 1737. page
347.
1742—43. Ibid. 1743. p. 106. 188. 313. 336. such
and Zuberbuhler on the catarrhal fever in
Haller Disp. pract. vol. 5. Huxham on
the air 1743, March, Apl.
Rutty, Hist. of the weather p. 99.
Targ. Tozzet. Raccolt. I. di observ. Med. p. 
176.

84 GENERA OF 
1748. Cleghorn. Minorca p. 132.
Perkins Roy. Soc. Hist. I. p. 21O. and fol—
lowing.
1758. Rutty, Hist. of the weather p. 211. Whyt,
Lond. Med. Obs. vol. II. A. 13.
1762. Baker on the Catarrh. Lond. 1764. Monro,
Dis. of Mil. Hosp. p. 137. Macbride, p.
333.
1767. Herberden, Med. Trans. I. Art. 18. Mac—
bride, p. 334.
1775. Lond. Med. Obs. V. VI. 30.
1779 and 80 Memoirs of Roy. Soc. III. p. 16.
Salient Tableau on epidemic catarrh. 1780.
Among the species of catarrh and coryza in Sauva—
ges, the following are symptomatics.
Rubeolous catarrh.
Exanthematic cough.
Variolous coryza.
Virulent coryza.
Purulent coryza.
Accidentals cough.
Guttural cough.
Zerolaryngeal cough.
Verminous cough.
Dry cough.
Calculous cough.
Phthesical cough.
Hæmoptical cough.
Cough from polypus.
Cough from dentition.
Humid stomachic cough.
Dry stomachic cough.
Hysteric congh.
Cough of the gravid.
Hepatic cough.
Rheumatic cough.
Arthritic cough.
Cough of metal workers.
G. XLI. DYSENTERY.
CHA. Contagious pyrexy, frequent mucous or bloo—
dy stools, the alvine fœces, for the most part re—
tained, gripes, tenesmus.
Syn. Dysenteria. S. 248. L. 191. V. 107. Sag. 183. Hoff, Junk. 

85 DISORDERS.  
I have known only one species, the names of
which with Sauvages, are,
Epidemic dysentery. S. Sydenham. Helwich. Degner. Huxham.
Cleghorn. Grimm. Baker. Akenside. Stark. Zimmerman. Zurich.
Camp dysentry. S. Rammazini. Pringle. Monro.
Equinoctial dysenterey. S. Bont.
It varies.
1. Being accompanied with worms.
Verminose dysentery. S. Huxh. Pring. Monro.
2. Attended with discharge of fleshy or sebaceous
lumps.
Carnous dysentery. S.
Carnous diarrhoea. S. Wedelius. Wagner. Morgany. XXXI. 17.
24. Pringle. Monro.
3. Being attended with an intermittent fever.
Intermitting dysentery. S. Morton. Cleghorn. Lautter.
4. Without blood.
White dysentery. S. Willis. Sydenham. Morgany Ep. XXXI. II.
Pringle. Monro. Roederer.
5. Being accompanied with milliaria.
Milliary Dysentery of Gruberus. S.
Dysenteric exanthematic fever, epidemic at Zurich 1747.
These are symptomatics.
Spontaneous benignant dysentery. S.
Catamenial dysentery. S.
Dysentery of the gravid. S.
Atrabilliary dyfentery. S.
Syphilitic dysentery. S.
Scorbutic dysentery. S.
Polonic dysentery. S.
Dysentery from vomica of the mysentery. S.
These belong to diarrhoea.
Parisian dysentery. S.
Dysentery from cathartics. S. 

86 GENERA OF 
Cl. II. Nervous Disorders*.
CHA. Sense and motion injured, without an idiopa—
thic pyrexy, and without a local disorder.
Or. I. Diminutions of voluntary mo—
tion. (Comata.)
CHA. Voluntary motions diminished, with sleep,
or injury of the senses.
Syn. Comata. S. Cl. VI. Or. 2. Sag. Cl. IX. Or. 5.
Soporosi. L. Cl. VI. Or. 5.
Adynamiae. Vog. Cl. VI.
Resolutions of the nerves. Hoff.
Soporose affections. Hoff.
Defects of vital motions. Junk.
G. XLII. APOPLEXY. 
CHA. Almost every voluntary motion diminished, 
with sleep,† more or less profound, the action of
the heart and arteries remaining. 
Syn. Apoplexia. S. 182. L. 101. V. 229. Boerh. Junk. Sag.
228. Wepser.
Carus. S. 181. L. 100. V. 231. Boerh. Sag. 287. Macbride.‡
Cataphora. S. 180. L. 99. V. 232. Boerh. Sag. 286. 
Coma. V.232. Boerh.
Hæmorrhagy of the brain. Hoff.
* From the time of that ancient celebrated physician, among the English Willis.
The British have distinguished some disorders by the name of Nervous. But in my
opinion their distinction was very inacurate, as long as they confined it so much to
hystreric and hypochondriacal affections. Indeed it seems that almost every morbid
action depends so much upon the nervous system, that any of them might be called
nervous with some propriety. Nevertheless, a distinction, can be found between
them, and these disorders which attack that system almost alone or at least primarily
and do not affect the circulation at the same time nor the disposition or state of the
fluids unless secondarily will be called by us nervous. And therefore I have instituted
a class under the name of nervous disorders (which differs as much from the class of
pyrexies as from cachexies) with apparent propriety.
† The word Sopor, in the vocabulary of Linnæus, signifies as much a sus—
pension of motion as a suspension of sense. But in the common way we only use it
for sleep, or a state very similar.
‡ As the genera of carus here subjoined, appear to be nothing more than flight
apoplexies, and cannot be distinguished with accuracy, neither by the respiration nor
the exciting cause, I thought they all ought to be referred to one genus. 

87 DISORDERS.
The following appear to me to belong to this genus.
Catalepsis. S. 176. L. 129. V. 230. Sag. 281. Boerh. Junk.
Spasmodico—exstatic affections of the brain. Hoff.
Exstasis. S. 177. V. 333. Sag. 283.
These appear symptomatic.
Typhomania. S. 187. L. 97. V. 23. Sag. 284.
Lethargy. S. 179. L. 98. V. 22. Sag. 285.
The species of idiopathic apoplexies are,
1. Apoplexy with symptoms of universal plethora,
and particularly of the head, (Sanguincous apo—
plexy.)
Sanguineous apoplexy S. Morg. II. III. LX. Preyfinger.
Spontaneous Carus. S. Boerh.
Spinal asphyxia.* Du Hamel. Boerh. Morgan. III. 3,
Cataphora Coma. S.
2. Apoplexy in the leucophlegmatic constitution,
for the most part in old men. (Serous apoplexp.)
Pituitous apoplexy. S. Serous apoplexy. Preyfinger Morgan IV.
LX.
Carus from hydrochephalus. S.
Hydrochephalic cataphora. S.
Sleepy cataphora. S.
Lethargy of the literary. S. Van Swiet.
3. Apoplexy coming on gradually affecting infants
and youths, at first with lassitude, flight fever,
and pain of the head, after that with flower
* I formerly referred the genus, asphyxia, to syncope, and I still think that some
of the species differ from syncope only in degree. But I am persuaded that many
species of asphyxia belong to apoplexy, and therefore I have recited them here. The
spinal asphyxia is improperly placed among the species, because it cannot be distin—
guished by any external symptoms. But if it ever be allowed to regard the internal
causes, it certainly should have a place among the species of apoplexy. But as the
external and evident causes are solely to be regarded, I weighed these attentively and
enumerated many species recited by Sauvages among those of apoplexy, nor do I wish
to oppose this, because in some species of asphyxia, the pulse as well as respiration at
length cease entirely, whilst life remains. In the beginning of most cases, whilst
motion and sense are almost abolished, there still remains some motion of the heart,
as well as of the lungs, and if at length they totally cease, the same may be occasion—
ally observed in apoplectics before death. I think that in apoplexy, the brain is pri—
marily affected, in syncope, the heart, and therefore I refer the species of asphyxia
to apoplexy or to syncope, as they may affect the brain or heart primarily, of which
we may judge from their external causes. 

88 CENERA OF 
pulse, dilation of the pupil, and sleepiness. (Hy—
drochephalic* apoplexy.)
Interior hydrocephalus. S.
Internal hydrocephalus. Whytt. Lond. Med. Obs. V. IV. and
VI. Gaudelius. Ed. Med. Ess. II. 18. III. 23. Memoirs of
the Roy. Soc. III. p. 194.
Acute hydrocephalus Quynn.
Asthenia from hydrocephalus. S.
4. Apoplexy in a melancholic constitution. (Atra—
bilious apoplexy. 
Atrabilious apoplexy. S. Preysinger.
Traumatic carus. S.
5. Apoplexy from external mechanical violence of—
fered the head. (Traumatic apoplexy.)
Traumatic apoplexy. S. Ed. Med. Ess. V. 52.
6. Apoplexy from powerful sedatives exhibited in—
ternally or externally. (Venenous apoplexy.)
Drunken apoplexy. S.
Carus from narcotics. S.
Lethargy from narcotics. S.
Carus from black lead. S. Ed. Med. Ess. V. 55.
Mephetic apoplexy. S.
Asphyxia from mephetis. S.
Asphyxia from must. S.
Catalepsy from fume. S.
Asphyxia from fumes. S.
Asphyxia from charcoal. S.
Asphyia of the scavengers. S.
Asphyxia of those struck with lightning. S.
Carus from insolation. S.
Carus from cold. S.
Lethargy from cold. S.
Asphyxia of the frosted. S.
7. Apoplexy from passion of the mind. (Mental apo—
plexy.)
* It is difficult in a nosological work, to place disorders properly, which put on
two forms during their course, and therefore to assign a very fit place for hydrocepha—
lic apoplexy. But I had rather place this disorder under apoplexy; in the first place
because the hydrocephalus which comes on, is by no means evident to our senses;
and again, because this disorder differs a great deal in symptoms from hydrocepha-
lus, and finally, because it is nearly allied to apoplexy in its proximate cause, and at
length resembles it in appearance. 

89 DISORDERS.  
Carus from passion. S.
Asphyxia from passion. S.
Catocheal extasy. S.
Relaxed extasy. S.
8. Apoplexy with contractility of the muscles, un—
der a motion of the limbs from external force.
(Cataleptic apoplexy.*)
Catalepsis. S. 176. L. 129. V. 230. Sag. 281. Boerh. Junk.
The species with Sauvages are, 
Hysteric catalepsis.
Verminose catalepsis.
Catalepsis from fume.
Catalepsis from suppressed menses.
Melancholic catalepsis.
Delirious catalepsis.
9. Apoplexy from an external suffocating power.
(Suffocating apoplexy.)
Asphyxia of those hung. S.
Asphyxia of the drowned. S. M'Donald.
Flatulent asphyxia, S. This belongs to the genus of apoplexy, if
it can be distinguished by external symptoms.
Apoplexy is often symptomatic.
1. of intermittent fever.
Febricose apoplexy. S.
Febricose carus. S.
Cataphora timor.† S.
Febricose typhomania. S.
Quartanarian catalepsis. S.
2. Of continued fever.
Febrile carus. S.
Continued typhomania. S.
‡ Agrypnocomous typhomania. S.
Lethargy from fever. S.
M
* I have never seen any other than a seigned catalepsis, and I believe those seen
by others were frequently of the same kind. Therefore it was scarce allowable for
me to to determine positively about a disorder that is rarely seen, variously described
and often seigned; but I am well persuaded that it is not of a different genus from
apoplexy; and hence I have placed it here, among the species.
† Timor is a disorder between apoplexy and epilepsy. T.
‡ Agrypnocoma, is a kind of coma vigil. T. 

90 GENERA OF 
3. Of phlegmasia.
Inflammatory apoplexy. S.
Cephahtic lethargy. S.
Pulmonic lethargy. S.
4. Of Exanthemata.
Variolous carus. S.
Metallic apoplexy. S.
Exanthematic carus. S.
Exanthematic cataphora. S.
5. Of hysteria.
Hysteric apoplexy. S.
Hysteric carus. S.
Hysteric asphyxia. S.
Winking carus. S.
Hypochondriac carus. S.
6. Of epilepsy.
Epileptic apoplexy. S.
Sighing apoptexy. S.
7. Of the gout.
Arthritic apoplexy. S.
Arthritic carus. S.
Arthritic cataphora. S.
Arthritic lethargy. S.
8. Of worms.
Verminose apoplexy. S.
Verminose carus. S.
Verminose typhomania. S.
9. Of ischury.
Ischurious carus. S.
10. Of scurvy.
Scorbutic cataphora.
G. XLIII. PARALYSIS.*
CHA. Some Voluntary motions, lessened only, of—
ten with sleep.
[* Palsy. T.] 

DISORDERS. 91
Syn. Paralysis. Boerhaave.
Hemiplegia. S. 170. L. 103. V.228.
Paraplexia. S. 171.
Paraplegia. S. 102. V. 227.
Paralysis. S. 169. L. 104. V. 226. Funk
Atonia. L. 120.
I. The idiopathic species are.
1. Paralysis of only some muscles. (Partial paralysis.)
Paralysis. S. 169. L. 104. V. 226. Junk.
Plethoric paralysis. S.
Serous paralysis. S.
Nervous paralysis. S.
Dumbness from palsy of the tongue. S.
Paralytic loss of speech. S.
2. Paralysis of one side of the body. (Hemiplegic
paralysis.)
Hemiplegia. S. 170. L. 103. V. 228. Sag. 276.
It varies in the condition of the body.
A. Hemiplegia in a plethoric habit.
Hemiplegia from apoplexy. S.
Spasmodic hemiplegia. S.
B. Hemiplegia in a leucophlegmatic habit.
Serous hemiplegia. S.
The aporsematous hemiplegia. S. is improperly recited, as it can-
not be distinguished by external symptoms,
And the
Hemiplegia from epilepsy S. scarce deserves to be recited.
3. Paralysis of half the body, taken transversely.
(Paraplegic paralysis.)
Paraplexia. S. 171. Sag. 277.
Paraplegia. L. 102. V. 227.
Sanguineous paraplexia. S.
Paraplexia from spina bifida. S.
Rheumatic paraplexia. S.
4. Paralysis from powerful sedatives exhibited ex-
ternally or internally. (Venenous paralysis.)
Paralysis of the metal workers. S.
Saturnine hemiplegia. S. 

92 GENERA OF
II. These are symptomatic species,
Intermittent hemiplegia. S.
Intermittent paraplegia. S.
Febrile paralysis. S.
Exanthematic hemiplegia. S.
Rheumatic paralysis. S
Arthritic hemiplegia. S.
Rachealgic paralysis. S.
Rachealgic paraplegia. S.
Bilious paralysis. S.
Transverse hemiplegia. S.
Scorbutic paralysis. S.
Schrophulous paralysis. S.
Schrophulous hemiplegia. S.
Syphilitic hemiplegia. S.
Syphilitic paraplegia. S.
Polonic paralysis. S.
Paralysis from vomica. S.
Traumatic paralysis. S.
Traumatic hemiplegia. S.
Traumatic paraplegia. S.
I could not receive tremor into the number of gene-
ra, as it is always symptomatic. But I here sub-
join the species set down by Sauvages, as they ap-
peared to me to be symptoms of asthenia or pa-
ralysis or of convulsions.
TREMOR.
CHA A frequent alternate agitation (by going and
coming) of a limb.
Tremor. S. 129. L. 130. V. 184. Sag. 236.
1. Asthenic species.
Tremor from debility. S.
Senile tremor. S.
Tremor from coffee. S.
Tremor from passion, fear, anger, joy, lust. S.
Typhoid tremor. S.
2. Paralytic species.
Paralytic tremor. S.
Vertiginous tremor. S. 

DISORDERS. 93
Tremor from plethora. S.
Tremor from suburra. S.
Tremor from hydrochephalus. S.
Scorbutic tremor. S.
Rheumatismal tremor. S.
Drunken tremor. S.
Tremors of the metal workers. S.
Traumatic tremor. S.
3. Convulsive species.
Forced tremor. S.
Tremor of the tendons. S.
Palpitating tremor. S.
Or. II. Adynamia.
CHA. Involuntary motions, whether vital or natu-
ral, lessened.
Syn. Adynamiae. V. Cl. VI.
Defective. L. Cl. VI. Or. I.
Leipopsychiae. S. Cl. VI. Or. IV. Sag. Cl. IX. Or. IV.
G. XLIV. SYNCOPE.*
CHA. Motion of the heart lessened or quiescent
for some time.
Syn. Syncope. S. 174. L. 94. V. 274. Sag. 280. Funk.
Leipothymia. S. 173. L. 93. V. 273. Sag. 297.
Asphyxia. S. 175. L. 95. V. 275. Sag. 281.
Collaps of strength and delequium of the mind. Hoff.
I. Idiopathics.
1. Syncope without a manifest cause; often return-
ing, with vehement palpitation of the heart in
the intervals : From a fault of the heart or neigh-
bouring vessels. (Cardiac Syncope.)
Plethoric syncope. S. Senac.
Syncope from cardiogmus.† Senac Morg. XXV.
Syncope from polypus. S. Senac.
[ * Fainting. T.]
† An anuerismatic dilation of the heart, and arteries about it—also an uneasy
sensation and pain about the heart.- T. 

94 GENERA OF
Syncope from dropsy of the heart. S. Senac. Schreiber.
Syncope of Lanzonius. S. Lang.
Valsalvian asphyxia. S.
2. Syncope arising from a manifest cause : from an
affection of the whole system. (Occasional Syncope.)
Leipothymia from passion. S. Senac.
Pathetic syncope. S.
Asphyxia from passion. S.
Syncope from antipathy. S. Senac.
Syncope from poison. S. Senac.
Syncope from suppurations. S. Senac.
Syncope from sphacelus. S. Senac.
Syncope from exhaustion. S. Senac.
Syncope from phlebotomy. S.
Syncone from pain. S. Senac.
Tramatic asphyxia. S.
Asphyxia of those newly born S.
II. Symptomatics, or symptoms either of disor-
ders of the whole system, or of other parts than
the heart.
Febrile syncope. S. Senac
Febricose syncope. S. Torti.
Exanthematic syncope. S.
Metastic syncope. S.
Stomachic Leipothyma. S.
Stomachic syncope. S. Senac.
Hysteric syncope. S. Senac.
Arthritic syncope. S. Musgrave.
Scorbutic syncope. S. Lind. Senac.
G. XLV. DYSPEPSIA*.
CHA. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, distention, belch-
ing, rumination, heart-burn, gastrodynia, at least,
more or less of these concurring together ; for
the most part with bound belly, and without any
other disorder of the stomach, or of other parts.
Syn. Dyspepsia. V. 277. Lond. Med. Obs. Vol. VI. II.
Apepsia. V. 276.
Diaphora. V. 278.
Anorexia. S. 162. L. 116. Sag. 286.
Cardialgia, S. 202. L. 48. V. 157. Sag. 160.
[ * Indigestion. T. ] 

DISORDERS. 95
Gastrodynia. S. 203, Sag. 161.
Soda. L. 47. V. 161.
Nausea. S. 250. Z. 182. V. 159. Sag. 185.
Vomiting. S. 251. L. 183. V. 214. Sag. 186.
Flatulency. S. 271. L. 165. V. 127. Sag. 207.
I. Idiopathics.
Pituitous anorexia. S.
Anorexia from suburra. S.
Anorexia of the exhausted. S.
Paralytic anorexia. S.
Nausea from indigestion. S.
Pituitous vomiting. S.
Ruminating vomiting. S.
Vomiting from suburra. S.
Vomiting from surfeit. S.
Lacteal vomiting. S.
Infantile flatulency. S.
Acid flatulency. S.
Nidorous flatulency. S.
Cardialgia from imbecility of the stomach. S.
Cardialgia from suburra. S.
Cardialgia of sucklings. S.
Flatulent cardialgia. S.
Paralytic cardialgia. S.
Suburral gastrodynia. S.
Flatulent gastrodynia. S.
Chronic gastrodynia. S.
Astringent gastrodynia. S.
Grinding gastrodynia. S.
Gastrodynia from cold. S.
II. Symptomatics.
1. From a disorder of the stomach.
Schirrous cardialgia. S.
Vomiting from a callus pylorus. S.
Vomiting from a steatoma of the stomach. S.
Vomiting from a suppuration about the cardia. S.
Ulcerous gastrodynia. S.
Vomiting from an ulcer of the stomach. S.
Cardialgia from poison.
Gastrodynia from poison. S.
Vomiting from poison. S.
Accidental flatulency. S.
Gastrodynia from non-Esculents. S.
Bilious anorexia. S. 
Bilious nausea. S. 

96 GENERA OF
Bilious gastrodynia.
Urinous vomiting. S.
Calculous gastrodynia. S.
Bezoartic vomiting. S.
Verminose cardialgia.
Nausea from a tape-worm.
Verminous vomiting. S.
Gastrodynia from the xiphoid cartilage. S.
American gastrodynia. S.
Nausea from compressed stomach.
Vomiting from the xiphoid cartilage. S.
Vomiting from obstructed œsophagus. S
Gastrocelic gastrodynia. S.
Nausea from gastrocele. S.
Gastrocelic vomiting. S.
Cardialgia from spitting. S.
Inflammatory cardialgia. S.
Nausea from gastritis. S.
Gastric vomiting. S.
2. From a disorder of other parts or of the whole
body.
Cephalalgic vomiting. S.
Vomiting from dentition. S.
Illiac vomiting. S.
Nausea from schirrous pancreas. S.
Vomiting from the pancreas. S.
Vomiting from obstructed liver. S.
Melancholic anorexia. S.
Hypocondriac gastrodynia. S.
Hypocondriac flatulency. S.
Convulsive flatulency. S.
Hypocondriac vomiting. S.
Atrabillious vomiting. S.
Astonished anorexia. S.
Hysteric gastrodynia. S.
Pulsating gastrodynia. S.
Chlorotic gastrodynia. S.
Nausea from corrupted semen. S.
Nausea of the gravid. S.
Vomiting of the gravid. S.
Lochial flatulency. S.
Arthritic anorexia. S.
Arthritic cardialgia. S.
Nephritic nausea. S.
Nephritic vomiting. S.
Stewartinian anorexia. S. 

DISORDERS.
Cardialgia from cardiogmus. S.
Plethoric anorexia S.
Anorexia of the cachectic. S.
Febrile anorexia. S.
Febricose cardialgia. S.
Febricose gastrodynia. S.
Febricose vomiting. S.
Rabious vomiting. S.
Hæmorrhagic vomiting. S.
Metastic gastrodynia. S.
Marine nausea. S.
Marine vomiting. S. 
Anorexia of infants.
G. XLVI. HYPOCHONDRIASIS.
CHA. Dyspepsia with languor, sadness and fear,
from inadequate causes, in a melancholic tempe-
rament.
Syn. Hypochondriasis. S. 220. L. 76. V. 218. Sag. 332.
Hypochondriac disorder. Boerh.
Hypochondriac evil. Hoff. Funk.
I know only one species.
Melancholic hypochondriasis. S.
I am not clear about the
Cold hypochondriasis. S.
The following species from FRÆCASSINUS, appear
to me to have been made up from an uncertain
theory.
Bilious hypochondriasis. S.
Sanguineous hypochondriasis. S.
Pituitous hypochondriasis. S.
These are symptomatics.
Hysteric hypochondriasis. S.
Phthesical hypochondriasis. S.
Asthmatic hypochondriasis. S.
Calculous hypochondriasis. S.
Tympanitic hypochondriasis. 
N

98 GENERA OF
G. XLVII. CHLOROSIS.*
CHA. Dyspepsia, or a desire of something that is
not esculent; a paleness or discolouration of the
skin ; the veins not well filled ; a soft trumor of
the body ; asthenia ; palpitation ; retention of
the menses†.
Syn. Chlorosis. S. 309. L.222. V. 305. Sag. 135. Boerh. Hoff.
Junk.
We allow only one genuine species of chlorosis, sst.
Virgineal chlorosis. S.
a. amatoreal chlorosis.
The other spurious species, of Sauvages, or disco-
lourations, are symptomatic.
Chlorosis from menorrhagia. S.
Chlorosis of the gravid. S.
Chlorosis of infants. S.
Verminose chlorosis. S.
Green chlorosis. S.
Chlorosis from hydrothorax. S.
Spotted chlorosis. S.
Carthagenic chlorosis. S.
Bengal chlorosis. S.
Rachealgic chlorosis. S.
OR. III. Spasms.
CHA. Irregular motions of the muscles or muscalar
fibres‡.
Syn. Spasms. S. Cl. IV. V. Cl. V. Sag. Cl. VII.
[ * Green sickness. T.]
† I formerly said, in this character often a retention of the menses, as if there was 
a species of chlorosis in which they flowed properly ; and I was of an opinion that
some of the species of cachexy were to be referred to this head, but I now doubt whe-
ther any species of cachexy can be placed, with propriety, under the title of chloro-
sis, or the character here given, and I could not allow any species of chlorosis to be
genuine, besides that which is accompanied with a retention of the menses. Hence,
the word often is now omitted, but, at the same time I am obliged to confess that chlo-
rosis is not so well recited in this place for a genus, since it may allways be considered
as a symptom of amenorrhœa
‡ Irregular motions are those which arise from a preternatural cause and
which are unusual in violence, frequency, or the duration of their contraction ;
and I do not doubt but that there are such motions in every disorder placed by us un-
der this order; altho there may be more disorders than have been placed by other
nosologists under this same order. 

DISORDERS. 99
Motorii. L. Cl. VII.
Spasmodic and convulsive disorders. Hoff.
Spasms and convulsions. Funk.
Epilepsia. Boerh.
Sect. I. In the animal functions.
G. XLVIII. TETANUS.†
CHA. Spastic rigidity of many muscles.
It varies in degree.
1. Tetanus.
Half or the whole of the body affected with spasms.
Tetanus. S. 122. L. 127. V. 180. Sag. 228.
Catochus. ‡ S. 123. L. 128. V. 183. Sag. 229.
Opisthotonos. V. 181.
Episthotonos. V. 128.
Sauvages as usual has recited many species of this ;
but all that can be called idiopathic may (if I am
not mistaken) be referred to one head, the chief
form of which is called in Sauvages
Indian tetanus, about which may be consulted, Hillary, Chal-
mers, Lond. Med. Obs. V. 1. a 12.
D. Munro Ed. Eff. Phys. Lit. V. 3. a. 31 and under the name of
spasms in Bontius. De. Med. Ind. method of cure. Ch. 2.
The following is no other disorder.
Indian convulsion. S.
But tetanus varies in respect to the remote cause,
since it indubitably arises either from an internal
cause or from cold or from a wound. The
variety from a wound is frequently called by Sau-
vages,
Traumatic tetanus. S.
The tetanus from whatever cause it arises varies
with respect to the part of the body affected:
hence,
[† Locked jaw. T.]
‡ Catochus in Sauvages is a genus not at all natural; for he has joined together species
that are altogether different; therefore I have omitted such a genus, but have here
refered to tetanus the species recited which depend upon a spastic regidity. 

100 GENERA OF
Tonic tetanus, in the whole body from the head to the feet is stiff and
straight. S.
Holotonic tetanus, in which the whole person is affected. S.
Holotonic catochus, S. Germ. Diary.
Stag catochus, which affects stag horses as well as men with a hard-
ness of the skin equal to wood, and a circumguyration of the eyes.
S. Stork.
Opisthotonic tetanus, in which the head is bent backwards. S.
Emprosthotonic tetanus, in which the body is bent forward. S.
These are symptomatic species of tetanus.
Febricose tetanus. S. Stork.
Hemiplegic tetanus. S.
Lateral* tetanus. S. Morg. X. 2. 3.
Pleurosthotonos, of Starck.
Syphilitic tetanus. S.
Verminose tetanus. S.
Hysteric tetanus. S.
Admiring tetanus. S.
Diurnal catochus. S.
2. Trismus, a spastic rigidity of the inferior max-
illa particularly.
Trismus. S. 117. L. 124. Sag. 223.
Capistrum. V. 208.
I. There are various species.
1. Trismus seizing infants within the two first weeks
from their birth. (Trismus of infants.)
Trismus of infants. S. The Gallic Americans call it Mal de ma-
choire. Hiester.
Cleghorn. Hofer. Macb.
2. Trismus of all ages, from a wound or cold.
(Traumatic trismus.)
Traumatic trismus. S. Lon. M. Obs. V. 1. a. I. 7. Vol. II.
8. 34. V. III. 31. V. IV. 7. V. I. 13. Med. Transact.
IL. 4.
Spasmodic angina. S. Zevinger.
Calvulsions from the puncture of a nerve. S.
Catarrhal trismus. S. Hilliary. Lon. Med. Obs. V. IV. 7.
* In the example of lateral tetanus which Sauvages produces, there was a palsy
of the other side of the patient ; and therefore I have placed it here directly
after hemiplegic tetanus; but if the example of the lateral tetanus produced by Mor-
gani, was without a palsy of the other side (of which I am yet uncertain) that might
have been placed among the idiopathic species. In the mean time untill this is
more certainly determined I have placed pleurosthotonos after the lateral tetanus. 

DISORDERS. 101
II. We call the following species of trismus, in Sau-
vages, spurious or false ; either because they
do not depend upon a spasm, but on some other
fault of the muscles, or because they are rather
convulse than spasmodic, or in fine, because they
are rather affections of the face than of the low-
er jaw.
Inflammatory trismus. S.
Scorbutic trismus.. S.
Bridled trismus. S..
Arthritic trismus. S.
Verminose trismus.
Hypochondriac trismus.
Frebrile trismus. S.
Chattering trismus. S.
Occipital trismus. S.
Maxillary trismus. S.
Painful trismus. S.
Cynic trismus. S.
Cynic laughing trismus. S.
Sardonic trismus. S.
Distorted trismus. S.
G. L. CONVULSION.
CHA. Clonic irregular contractions of the muscles
without sleep.
Syn. Convulsio. S. 128. L. 142. V. 197. Sag. 235.
I. Idiopathics.
Universal convulsion. S.
Hieranosos.* L. 144. V. 190.
Habitual couvulsion. S.
Intermittent convulsion. S.
Convulsion of one half the person perpendicularly. S.
Abdominal convulsion. S.
Convulsion from inanation. S.
Convulsion from onainism. S.
Hastening sclerotyrbe.‡
II. Symptomatics.
* A continued convulsive agitation of the body without pain, with sensibility L.
‡ A semi-voluntary motion of one side of the body in walking resembling mi-
micking. 

102
GENERA OF
Convulsion from a blow on the head. S.
Nephralgic convulsion. S.
Convulsion of the gravid. S.
Verminose sclerotyrbe. S.
Febrile convulsion. S.
G. LI. CHOREA.
CHA. Convulsive motions partly voluntary, for the
most part of one side, resembling in the motion
of the arms and hands, mimic-actors and moun-
tebanks; attacking youths of both sexes, most ge-
nerally between the tenth and fourteenth year of
age ; in their gait more often dragging one foot
than lifting it up.
Syn. Sclerotyrbe. S. 135. Sag. 246.
Chorea. L. 139.
I have only seen one species which is called in
Sauvages,
Vitus dance sclerotyrbe. S.
Chorea St. Viti. Sydenh.
This is no other.
Unstable sclerotyrbe. S. and perhaps,
Intermittent sclerotyrbe. S.
Heiranosos. Macbride.
G. LII. RAPHANIA.
CHA. Spastic contraction of the joints with a con-
vulsive agitation, most violent pain, periodical.
Syn. Rhaphania. L. 145. V. 193. Linn.
Convulsive rhaphania. S.
Der Kriebel Krankheit, of the Germans.
Typhoid ecclamsia. S. Sennerst. Greg. Horst. Willis. Mullir
[ * St. Vitus's Dance. T. )
* In a former edition of this work, I have, chorea, a species of convulsion, but
as it differs very much from any other species of convulsion, with respect to the
age which it attacks as well as the motions which it exhibits, I have here made it a
genus. 

DISORDERS. 103
Waltchmied. Wedel. Hoff. Kannigiesser. Brunner. Willisch.
Wepser. Breslauver. Bruckmann. Soc. Roy.
Convulsion from USTILAGO.*
Is the Solonien convulsion or the Ustilagineous necrosis
the same disorder ?
See Salerne in Mem. pres. a l'acad de sciences, tom. II.
G. LIII. EPILEPSY.†
CHA. Convulsion of the muscles with sleep.
Syn. Epilepsia. S. 134. L. 143. V. 118. Sag. 24. Boer. Hoff.
Funk. Lond. Med. Obs. VI. 9.
Ecclamsia. ‡ S. 133. V. 189. Sag. 240.
The idiopathic species are,
1. Epilepsy suddenly attacking, without a manifest
cause, no troublesome sensation preceding, un-
less perhaps of vertigo, or of some sort of sco-
toma. (Cerebral Epilepsy.)
Syn. Plethoric epilepsy. S.
Plethoric Ecclamsia. S.
Cachectic epilepsy. § S.
Epilepsy from terror. Mach.
2. Epilepsy without a manifest cause, but preced-
ed by a sensation of something like air rising
from some part of the body towards the head.
(Sympathic Epilepsy.)
Sympathic epilepsy. S.
Pedisymptomatic epilepsy. S.
* A poison. T.
[ † Falling Fits. T. ]
‡ Sauvages and Vogel wished to distinguish ecclamsia, as being an acute disorder,
from epilepsy, which they accounted chronic, and placed it as a different genus.
But as it is always difficult to fix the limits between acute and chronic disorders, and
as the ecclampsia of Sauvages for the most part exactly agrees with epilepsy, in cause
as well as symptoms, I could by no means receive it for a different genus. Linnæus
omitted such a genus altogether, and what more Sagar advanced to distinguish ec-
clampsia from epilepsy, may serve to distinguish the species, not the genus.
§ The epilepsy called cachectic, appears to be of two species, in the first place,
the author agrees that it is the same with the serous epilepsy of Hoffman and Piso ;
and then again, as it arises from acrids repelled, it may be allowed the same as his
exanthematic epilepsy. Hence it happens, that I have placed this cachectic epilep-
sy in both places, but with some doubt, leaving it to others to determine. 

104 GENERA OF
3. Epilepsy arising from a manifest irritation, and
ceasing on the irritation being taken away. (Oc-
casional Epilepsy.)
It varies according to the diversity of irritation,
and hence
From an injury offered the head.
Traumatic epilepsy. S.
Traumatic ecclampsia.
From pain.
Epilepsy from pain. S. Ed. Efs. V. 61.
Rachealgic epilepsy. S.
Ecclampsia from pains. S.
a. Rachialgic.
b. from tooth-ach.
c. from dentition.
Ecclampsia of the parturient. S.
From worms.
Verminose ecclampsia. S.
From poison.
Ecclampsia from atropa.
Ecclampsia from œnanthe.
Ecclampsia from cicuta.
Ecclampsia from coriaria.
From scabies or some other effusion of acrimony
repelled.
Exanthematic epilepsy. S.
Cachectic epilepsy. S.
From crudities of the stomach,
Stomachic epilepsy. S.
Ecclampsia from indigestion. S.
From passion of the mind.
Epilepsy from passion. S.
From excessive hæmorrhagy.
Ecclampsia from exhaustion. S.
From debility.
Ecclampsia of those newly born. S.

DISORDERS. 105
These are symptomatic epilepsies.
Febricose epilepsy. S.
Febricose ecclampsia. S.
Exanthematic ecclampsia. S.
Uterine epilepsy. S.
Syphilitic epilepsy. S.
Ecclampsia from hydrochephalus. S.
Ecclampsia from ischury. S.
Sect. II. In the vital functions.
A. In the action of the heart.
G. LIV. PALPITATION.
CHA. Vehement motion of the heart, irregular.
Syn. Palpitatio. S. 130. L. 132. V. 213. Sag. 257. Hoff. Junk.
Macbride.
If the various causes of palpitation could be distin-
guished by external symptoms we might have pre-
sented more species, according to the diversity
of the cause, as Sauvages has done. But as the
diversity of cause cannot be distinguished that
we know of, I could only give a single idiopathic
species which I chose to mark with the following
character.
Palpitation almost constant, at least often returning
without any other evident disorder. (Cardiac
palpitation.)
I chose to recite the following species of Sauvages
as synonimous.
Palpitation from an anuerism of the heart. S. Senac. Lancie.
Tremulous palpitation. S. Senac.
Apostematous palpitation. S. Lancise. Senac.
Palpitation from ossification of the heart. S. Senac. Morg.
Calculous palpitation. S.
Palpitation from polypus. S. Senac.
Polypous palpitation. S.
Palpitation from an anuerism of the aorta. S. Lancise. Senac.
Palpitation from streightness of the aorta. S. Lancise. Senac.
The symptomatic species of palpitation are,
O 

106 GENERA OF
Palpitation from the pancreas. S. Stork.
Arthritic palpitation. S.
Chlorotic palpitation. S.
Hysteric palpitation. S.
Melancholic palpitation. S. Lancisi.
Febricose palpitation. S. Stork.
B. In the action of the lungs.
G. LV. ASTHMA.
CHA. Difficulty of breathing coming on by inter-
vals, with a sense of streightness in the breast, and
a noisy hissing attending the respiration ; a difficult
cough or none at all at the commencement of the
paroxysm, towards the end a free cough, with
spiting of mucus, often copious.
Syn. Asthma. 5. 145. L. 161. V. 268. Sag. 252.
Convulsive and spasmodico-flatulent asthma. Hoff.
Spastic asthma. Funk.
The idiopathic species are.
1. Asthma without a manifest cause, or any other dis-
order accompanying. (Spontaneous asthma.)
Humid asthma. S. Flatulent Floyer.
Convulsive asthma. S. Willis, Med. Trans. I. 7.
Hysteric asthma. S. Hoyer.
Stomachic asthma. S. Floyer. Periodical asthma.
Spasmodic orthopnoea. S.
Hysteric orthopnoea. S.
2. Asthma from scabies or some other effusion of
acrimony repelled. (Exanthematic asthma.)
Exanthematic asthma. S.
Cachectic asthma. S.
3. Asthma from the suppression of an evacuation of
blood, usual before, or from a spontaneous ple-
thora. (Plethoric asthma.)
Asthma of the plethoric. S.
The symptomatic species of asthma are.
Asthma of the hypocondriacal. S.
Asthma of the gouty. S.
Asthhma of the venereal. S. Funk. 

DISORDERS. 107
G. LVI. DYSPNOEA.*
CHA. Perpetual difficulty of breathing without a
sensation of streightness and rather with that of re-
pletion and stuffing in the breast, frequent cough
throughout the whole course of the disorder.
Syn. Dyspnoea. S. 144. L. 160. V. 267. Sag. 251 Funk.
Orthopnoea. S. 146. L. 162. V. 269. Sag. 253. Macbride.
The idiopathic species are,
1. Dyspnoea, with frequent cough, throwing up
much viscid mucous. (Catarrhal Dyspnoea.)
Catarrhal asthma. S.
Pneumonic asthma. Willis.
Pituitous asthma. Hoff.
Pneumonial asthma. S. Ed. Ess. III. 25.
2. Dyspnoea, with cough, for the most part dry.
(Dry Dyspnoea.)
The various causes of this are not easily to be dis-
tinguished; however, the following species of
Sauvages may be referred to this place.
Dyspnoea from tubercles. S.
Dyspnoea from steatoma. S.
Orthopnoea from lipoma. S.
Dyspnoea from hydatides. S.
Polypus dyspnoea. S.
3. Dyspnoea, increased by any very small change
of weather. (Aerial Dyspnoea.)
Dyspnoea from collection of air within the thorax. S.
4. Dyspnoea with cough, throwing up earthy or
calcareous matter. (Terreal Dyspnoea.)
Calculous dyspnoea. Macbride.
5. Dyspnoea, with little urine, and oedema of the
feet, without fluctuation in the breast, or any
other symptoms of hydrothorax. (Aqueous Dysp-
noea.)
[ * Difficulty of breathing. T.]

108 GENERA OF
Pituitous Dyspnoea. 5.
Orthopnoea from hydropneumonia.S.
6. Dyspnoea in men very fat. (Pinguedinous Dysp-
noea.)
Orthopnoea from fat. S.
7. Dyspnoea from an injury of the parts surround-
ing the thorax, or from a bad confirmation.
(Thoracic Dyspnoea.)
Traumatic dyspnoea. S.
Traumatic orthopnoea. S.
Galenic dyspnoea. S.
Rachitic dyspnoea. S.
Asthma from crooked spine. S.
8. Dyspnoea from manifest external causes. (Ex-
trinsic Dyspnoea.)
Asthma of those working dusty materials. S.
Asthma of metal workers. S.
Orthopnoea from vapours. S.
Orthopnoea from substances swallowed. S.
Orthopnoea from fungus. S.
Orthopnoea from antipathy. S.
Orthopnoea from bronchocele. S.
The symptomatic species of dyspnoea are symptoms,
1. Of disorders of the heart or of the great vessels.
Dyspnoea from the heart. S.
Asthma from polypus of the heart. S.
Polypus orthopnoea. S.
Cardiac orthopnoea. S.
Anuerysmatic dyspnoea. S.
Orthopnoea from anuerism. S.
Dyspnoea from streightness of the aorta. S.
2. Of a tumor of the abdomen.
Dyspnoea from physconia. S.
Dyspnoea from gravid uterus. S.
Tympanitic dyspnoea. S.
Dyspnoea from the spleen. S.
Dyspnoea from the stomach. S.
Dyspnoea from gastrocele.
Orthopnoea from gastrocele. S. 

DISORDERS. 109
3. Of various disorders.
Febricose asthma. S.
Febricose orthopnoea. S.
Peripneumonic orthopnoea. S.
Pseudo-peripneumonic orthopnoea. S.
Variolous orthopnoea. S.
Scorbutic dyspnoea. S.
Scorbutic orthopnoea. S.
Orthopnoea from hydrothorax. S.
Orthopnoea from empyema. S.
Orthopnoea from vomica. S.
Dyspnoea from vomica. S.
Orthopnoea from hydrochephalus. S.
Orthopnoea from worms. S.
G. LVII. PERTUSSIS.*
CHA. A contagious disorder; convulsive strangu-
lating cough, reiterated with a sonorous inspira-
tion ; oftentimes vomiting.
Syn. Pertussis. Sydenh. Ed. Leid. Huxham Lond. Med. Obs.
III. 27. 30. Roy. Soc. III. p. 268.
Convulsive or dog cough. Hoff.
Dog cough. S. Sag
Convulsive cough. S. Sag.
Tussiculous quotidian remittent. S.
III. In the natural functions.
G. LVIII. PYROSIS.†
CHA. Burning pain of the epigastrium with a quan-
tity of watery humor, for the most part insipid,
some times acid, belched up.
Syn. Pyrosis. S. 200. Sag. 158.
Soda. L. 47. V. 154.
Water brash. Scotch.
The only true species.
Suecian pyrosis. S.
Spitting cardialgia. S. Macb.
[ * Hooping-Cough. T. ]
[ † Water-Brash. 

110 GENERA OF
The other species of Sauvages are symptomatics,
Common pyrosis. S.
Pyrosis from conception. S.
Bilious pyrosis. S.
Pyrosis from Phlogosis. S.
Ulcerous pyrosis. S.
G. LIX. CHOLIC.
CHA. Pain of of the abdomen, twisting particular-
ly round the navel ; vomiting ; bound belly.
Syn. Collica. S. 203. L. 50. V. 160. Sag. 162. Funk.
Spasmodic and flatulent cholic. Hoff. Mach.
Rachialgia. S.211. Sag. 168.
Illius. S. 252. V. 162. Sag. 187. Illiaca. L. 185.
Pain and Illiac spasm. Hoff.
Illiac passion. Junk.
The idiopathic species are,
1. Cholic, with retraction of the umbilicus, and
spasms of the abdominal muscles. (Spasmodic
Cholic.)
Spasmodic cholic. S. 
Flatulent cholic. S. 
Windy illeus. S.
Bilious cholic. S.* Ed. Ess. III. 27.
Pituitous cholic.† S.
Illeus from the colon being stuffed with pituita. S.
Indian illeus. S.
It varies in the symptoms superadded, hence,
a. Cholic, with vomiting of the fœces, or of the
things injected by the anus.
* As any violent vomiting often repeated, will for the most pan bring up the
bile, I conceive that the cholic, which physicians have called bilious, from the vo-
miting of bile alone, is altogether spasmodic.
† Pituita, or phlegm, does not appear to collect in any part of the intestines un-
less when it is obstructed by spasm ; and therefore I have placed here, the pituitcus
cholic, as well as illeus from the colon being stuffed with pituita. 

DISORDERS. 111
Spasmodic illeus. S.* Lond. Med. Obf. IV. 17. Ed. Phys.
Eff. II. 27. 28.
Illeus volvulus. S.
b. Cholic, with supervening inflammation.
Inflammatory illeus. S.
Phlogistic cholic. S.
2. Cholic, preceded by a sense of weight, or of
uneasiness in the abdomen, especially about the
umbilicus ; a cholic pain coming on, at first
slight, not continued, and increased, particu-
larly after eating; at length more grievous al-
most perpetual ; with pain of the arms, and back
going at length into a palsy. (Cholic of the
Picts.)
Rachialga of the Picts. S.†
Cholic of the Picts. Citesius and succeeding authors. Med. Trans.
I. 12, 13, 14, 15, 20. Ed. P. Ess. I. 22. Chalmers.
Nervous cholic. Macb.
It varies with respect to the remote cause.
a. From a metallic poison.
Metallic rachialgia. S.
Cholic of the Picts. Tronchin. sp. or from a remote cause. 2d.
b. From acid ingesta.
Rachialgia of the Picts. S. Tronchin.
c. From cold.
Rachialgia from the application of cold water. Tronchin.
* The Illeus appears to me to differ from the cholic in degree not at all in na-
ture, therefore I have placed it here only as a variety. Many Physicians have thought
that the Illeus was altogether inflammatory; but I have often seen a pain in the belly
or the cholic, with vomiting of fœces without inflammation. However, as an in-
flammation may sometimes be present; if it supervenes to the cholic, we shall have
a phlogistic cholic, as Sauvages mentions; which should not change the nomen-
clature of the genus ; and if the inflammation was present from beginning with the
pain and vomiting, I would look upon the disorder to be an enteritis. In fine, I
cannot allow that Illeus should in any way be a different genus from cholic.
† I cannot see why Rachialgia should be a different genus from cholic. For
the essential symptoms of cholic are always present in both, and if any are supperad-
ded to either, these may constitute a different species not a different genus. There-
fore as most of the modern physicians have done, I have accounted and recited what
Astruc and Sauvages called rachialgia for a species of cholic. 

112 GENERA OF
d. From contusion of the back.
Traumatic rachialgia. S.
3. Cholic in men of costive habit, after a long cos-
tiveness. (Stercoreous Cholic.)
Stercoreous cholic. S. 
Illeus from indurated fœces. S.
4. Cholic from ingesta of acrids. (Accidental
Cholic.)
Accidental cholic. S.
Japonic cholic. S.
Illeus from poison. S.
Dry gold-coloured cholera from poison fungi. S.
5. Cholic of those newly born, from retained me-
conium. (Meconial Cholic.)
Meconial cholic. S.
6. Cholic, with a sense of stricture in some part of
the intestines, and oftentimes of collected flatus,
with some pain anterior to that stricture ; which
flatus, passing by little and little through that 
part, vanishes; the belly being slow, and at length
passing only a few liquid fœces. (Callous Cholic.)
Illeus from a callous stricture of the color. S. Ed. Med. Ess. 
IV. 31.
7. Cholic, with a fixed hardness in some part of
the belly; calculi being before thrown out by
the anus. (Calculous Cholic.)
Calculous cholic. S. Ed. Med. Ess. I. 32. Ed. Phys. Ess.II. 26.
Calculous Illeus. S.
These are symptomatic cholics.
Febricose cholic. S.
Febricose rachialgia. S. Tronchin.
Hysteric cholic. S.
Cholic of the gravid. S.
Verminose cholic. S.
Verminose illeus. S.
Japponic cholic. S.
Arthritic rachialgia. S. Tronchin.
Scorbutic rachialgia. S.

DISORDERS. 113
Hernious illeus. S.
Enterocelic cholic. S.
Illeus from compressed intestine. S.
Schirrous cholic. S.
Pancreatic cholic. S.
Mesenteric cholic. S.
Rachealgia from osteosarcosis. S.
Plethoric cholic.
a. Hemorrhoidal.
b. Catamenial.
Throbbing cholic, S.
Cholic of the imperforated. S.
G. LX. CHOLERA*.
Cha. Vomiting of a billious humour, frequent de-
jection of the same, at the same time ; anxiety ;
gripes ; spasms of the legs.
Syn. Cholera. S. 253. L. 186. V. no. Sag. 188. Hoff.
Choleric diarrhoea. Junk.
The idiopathic species are,
1. Cholera in hot weather, arising without an evi-
dent cause. (Spontaneous cholera.)
Spontaneous cholera. S. Syd. Cleghorn.
Indian cholera. S.
2. Cholera from acrid ingesta. (Accidental cholera.)
Crapulous cholera. S.
Cholera from poisonous fossils. S.
Cholera from animal poison. S.
These are symptomatic choleras,
Intermittent cholera. S.
Inflammatory cholera. S.
Arthritic cholera. S.
Verminose cholera. S.
G. LXI. DIARRHOEA .
Cha. Frequent stools, not a contagious disorder,
no primary pyrexy.
P
[* Vomitting and purging of bile, T.] [t Lax, T.] 



114 GENERA OF
Syn. Diarrhœa. S. 254. L. 187. V. 105. Sag. 189. Funk.
Hepaterrhœa. S. 246.
Cholerica. L. 190.
Coeliaca. S. 255. L. 180. V. 109. Sag. 199.
Lienteria. S. 256. L. 188. V. 108. Sag. 191.
Pituitaria. V. 111.
Leucorrhois. V. 112.
Lambsma multiplex flux of the belly. Amst. 1756.
I. The idiopathic species are,
1. Diarrhœa, in which the fœeces are discharged
more liquid and in greater quantity than natural.
(Crapulous diarrhœa.)
Stercoreous diarrhœa. S.
Common diarrhœa.
2. Diarrhœa, in which yellow feces are discharged
in great quantity. (Billious diarrhœa.)
Billious diarrhœa. S.
3. Diarrhœa, either from acrid ingesta or from
cold, especially applied to the feet, large quan-
tities of muscous are discharged. (Mucous diarr-
hœa.)
Diarrhœa of suckling. S.
Parisian Dysentery S.
Diarrhœa from over purging. S.
Cathartic dysentery. S.
Pituitaria. V. 111.
Leucorrhois. V. 112.
Pituitous diarrhœa. S.
Mucous cœliaca. S.
Serous diarrhœa. S.
a. Urinous diarrhœa.
4. Diarrhœa, in which a milky humor, in appear-
ance like chyle, is discharged. (Cœliac diarrhœa.)
Chylous coeliaca. S.
Milky coeliaca. S.
5. Diarrhœa, in which the ingesta are quickly dis-
charged, little changed. (Lienteric diarrhœa.)
Spontaneous lientery. S. 

DISORDERS. 115
6. Diarrhœa, in which sero-sanguinous matter is
discharged, without pain. (Hepatirrheal diar-
rhœa.)
Intestinal hepatirrhœa. S.
II. Symptomatics.
Fibrile diarrhœa. S.
Febricose diarrhœa. S.
Intermittent hepatirrhœea. S.
Variolous diarrhœa. S.
Diarrhœa of the pleuritic. S.
Arthritic diarrhœa. S.
Colloquitive diarrhœa. S.
Choleric diarrhœa. S.
True hepatirrhœa. S.
Hepatirrhœa from wound. S. 
Mesenteric hepatirrhœa. S.
Dysentery from a vomica of the mesentery. S.
Purulent diarrhœa. S.
Scorbutic hepatirrhœa. S.
Scorbutic dysentery. S.
Scorbutic lientery. S.
Lientery from an ulcer of the stomach. S.
Apthose lientery. S.
Secundary lientery. S.
Verminose diarrhœa. S.
Diarrhœa from dentition. S.
Chilous diarrhœa. S.
Fluid diarrhœa. S.
G. LXII. DIABETES.
CHA. Immoderate quantity, chronic profusion of
urine for the most part preternatural.
Syn. Diabetes. S. 263. L. 197. V. 115. Sag. 199. Funk. Dob-
son. Lond. Med. Obs. vol, V. a. 27. Howe.
Diaresis. V. 114.
The idiopathic species are,
I. Diabetes with urine of the odour, colour, and
taste of honey. (Mellited diabetes.)
English diabetes. S. Mead. Lond. Med. Obs. III. 26. Dobson.
Myers. 

116 CENERA OF
Febricose diabetes. S. Sydenh.*
II. Diabetes, with limpid urine, not sweet.† (In-
sipid Diabets.)
M. Lister. Med. Exer. II. on the Diabetes.
Legitimate diabetes. S. Areteus.
Diabetes from wine. S. Eph. Germ.
These are symptomatics.
Hysteric diabetes. S. Sydenham.
Arthritic diabetes. S. Syden.
Artificial diabetes. S. Malphig.
G. LXIII. HYSTERIA. ‡
CHA. Murmur of the belly ; the sensation of a
ball turning itself in the abdomen, ascending
to the stomach and to the fauces, and there
strangling ; sleep ; convulsions ; copious profu-
* It may be enquired, whether the frebricose diabetes ought to be referred to the
mellited, or the insipid diabetis ! and at the same time also (as Sydenham has said
nothing about the taste of the urine in any diabetes,) whether the urine is sweet or
insipid, in the hysteric or arthritic diabates ? To the latter question, I can answer from
my own observation, that I know, the urine is by no means sweet in the arthritic
diabetes, and that it is almost insipid. Therefore, I have referred the febricose
diabetes of Sydenham, to the mellited diabetes; because, in a like diabetes of an
old man, after a long fever, I have found the urine quite sweet.
† It is uncartain whether this species of diabetes is frequent. In all the cases
which Willis saw, which were not a few, he always fouud the urine sweet ; and
frequent late observations, have generally proved the same. So that it is doubtful,
whether any other idiopathic and permanent species can be allowed. But Lister
affirms it, and I myself have among many, observed one case of insipid. Therefore
I have consented to allow such a species, and have recited it ; but I doubt very
much whether it can be properly called legitimate, and also, whether the diabetes
of Areteus, and many other authors, are of this kind. That no one of former
times, or out of England, took notice of the urine's being sweet before Willis, is
not very likely ; and I should impute such silence to the loss or neglect of observa-
vations. I suspect that the observers, to whom cases of diabetes occurred, before
that time, were either negligent, or men of no confidence ; as many of them relate
such incredible things about the drink passing altogether unchanged through the
kidneys of diabetics. It seems strange, that Sydenham, so sagacious and dili-
gent as he was, should mention nothing about the state of the urine ; but as the
writings of WILLIS were well known to Sydenham, which assert, that the urine
is always sweet ; I do not doubt but Sydenham would have pointed it out if he had
found it otherways.
[ ‡ Hysterics. T. ] 

DISORDERS. 117
sion of limpid urine ; the mind involuntarily
fickle and mutable.*
Syn. Hysterica. S. 135. L. 126. V. 219. Sag. 242.
Hysteric evil. Hoff.
Hysteric affection. Willis. Syd. Whytt.
How far idiopathic hysteria may differ in specie,
I cannot say, nor do I think Sauvages has
rightly delivered them. For, the species recited
by him, from nothing more than the remote cau-
ses, appear to me, to be varieties.
Thus, he has it,
A. From retention of the menses.
Chlorotic hysterica. S. Raulin.
B. From sanguineous menorrhagia.
Hysteria from menorrhagia. S. Raulin. Syden.
C. From serous menorrhagia or whites.
Hysteria from Leucorrhoea. S. Raulin.
D. From obstruction of the viscera.
Emphractic hysteria. S. Raulin.
E. From a fault of the stomach.
Stomachic hysteria. S. Raulin.
F. From excessive salacity.
Libidinose hysteria. S.†
These are manifestly symptomatic.
Verminose hysteria. S. Delii.
Febricose hysteria. S. Wedel.
* Every person who is any way skilled in nosology and medicine, knows how dif-
ficult it is, always to distinguish accurately, between dyspepsy, hypochondriasis and
hysteria. But it appears to me, that I have pointed out real genera, sufficiently
different from each other. Whether I have done rightly or not, I leave to others to
determine. I well know, that disorders that are relative to each other, are easily
confounded; and I acknowledge that it would be very difficult for me to point out,
in every case, by the nosological characters, which of them is to be looked upon as
primary. Those who are to come after, I hope, will make this more clear.
† In reciting the species of hysteria, Sauvages appears to have followed RAULIN;
depending rather upon subtle and sallacious theory than observation ; and has not
pointed out among the other species, that, which I think most perfect and frequent
of all, viz. That which often arises from passion alone, in adult, sanguine, ple-
thoric, strong women, who live high, and are pretty free from other disorders. 

118 GENERA OF
G. LXIV. HYDROPHOBIA.*
CHA. Dislike and horror of any drink, as causing
a painful convulsion of the pharynx ; in general
from the bite of a mad animal.
Syn. Hydrophobia. S. 231. L. 86. V. 30. Sag. 343. Boerh.
Funk. Mead. Default. Sauvages dissert. James. Dolby. Nu- 
gent. Choisd.
Journal de Med. Lond. Med. Obs. & Eriq. Vol. 3. Art. 34.
Vol. 5, 19, 26. Lond. Med. Trans. Vol. 2, 5, 12, & 15. 
Ed. Med. Ess. Vol. 5. 51. Heysham. Parry. Soc. Roy. I.
Mem. p. 105, 146. Andry. Soc. Roy. II. Hist. p. 229,
230, 456. Hist. III. p. 167. Vaughan.
The species are.
I. Hydrophobia, with desire of biting ; from the
bite of a mad animal. (Rabiose Hydrophobia.)
Common hydrophobia. S.
II. Hydraphobia, without madness or desire of bit-
ing. (Simple hydrophobia.)
Spontaneous hydrophobia. S. Ed. Med. Ess. I. 27.
Or. IV. Vesania †
[ * Bite of a mad dog. T. ]
[ † Disorders of the intellectual function. T.]
† I wish to institute here an order of vesania, that will be just the same as the
ninth class of Vogel, titled Paranoiæ ; but different from the classes of vesania in
Sauvages and Sagar in this, that it will exclude the orders of Hallucinationes and
Morositates ; and likewise from the class of Mentales in Linneus, because it will
leave out the orders of Imanginarii and pathetici of these authors. I wish to exclude
hallucinationes as well as morositates, from the class of vesania because they do
not in any manner a rec either in causes or symptoms with those disorders proper-
ly called vesania. Who would wish to call Syrigmus or Bulimia, or any other mo-
risitas, which does not depend upon the judgment, vesania ? It really does sometimes
happen that hallucinationes as well as morositates are joined with vesania, but at
the same time there are other symptoms of vesania, which show these to be only sym-
ptoms of a more general affection. For these reasons I formerly referred the hallu-
cinations of Sauvages and the immaginarii of Linneus to local disorders ; and now
I think that the morositates of Sauvages and pathetici of Linneus, that were altoge-
ther omitted by us before, are also to be referred to local disorders. 

DISORDERS. 119
CHA. The functions of judgment* injured ; with-
out pyrexy or coma.
Syn. Paronia. V. Cl. IX.
Dileria. S. Cl. VIII. Or. III. Sag. Cl. XI. Or. III.
Ideales. L. Cl. V. Or. I.
G. LXV. AMENTIA.†
CHA. Imbecility of judgment, by which men either
do not perceive the relation of things or forget 
them.
Syn. Amentia. S. 233. V. 337. Sag. 346.
Morosis. L. 106.
Stupiditas, morosis, fatuitas. V. 336.
Amnesias.† S. 237. Sag. 347.
Oblivia. L. 107. Z7. 338.
Debility of memory. Funk.
The species are,
I. Amentia continuing from nativity. (Congenital
amentia.)
Morose amentia. S.
Microcephalic amentia. S.
II. Amentia from diminished perception and me-
mory, when opppresed whith age. (Senile amen-
tia.)
Senile amentia. S.
Senile amentia. S.
III. Amentia from evident external causes, coming
on men of a sound mind. (Acquired amentia.)
* In a former edition of our nosology, I have only mentioned functions, but not
so properly ; for false perception or hallucinatio and erroneous appetite or morositas in
some manner pertain to the functions of the mind ; but as I wish to exclude both from
this class, it became necessary to change the character and say, the functions of
judgment.
[ † Fatuity. T.]
‡ I have referred amnesia with amentia to one genus, because they are for the
most part conjoined as well as because they in general arise from the same cause ;
and when amnesia proceeds on, it always turns to amentia. 

120 GENERA OF
Febrisequous amnesia. S.
Amentia from a quartan. S.
Cephalalgic amnesia. S.
Plethoric amnesia. S.
Rachealgic amentia. S.
Amnesia from venery. S.
Amnesia from passion. S.
Amentia from poisons. S.
Amnesia from drunkenness. S.
Amentia from a blow. S.
Traumatic amnesia. S.
The following species of Sauvages ought not to be
recited in a methodical nosology, for the inter-
nal causes from which the characters are taken,
cannot be distinguished by the external symp-
toms.
Serous amentia. S.
Amentia from tumor. S.
Amentia from hydatides. S.
Amentia from dryness of the brain. S.
Calculous amentia. S.
G. LXVI. MELANCHOLIA.
CHA. Partial insanity,* without dyspepsia.†
Syn. Melancholia. S. 234. L. 71. V. 332. Sag. 347. Boerh.
Funk.
Dæmomania. S. 236. Sag. 348.
Dæmonia. L. 69.
Vesania. L. 70.
Panophobia. L. 75.
Athymia. V. 329.
Melancholic delirium. Hoff.
Erotomania. L. 82.
Nostalgia. S. 226. L. 83. Sag. 338. Funk.
* We say that an insanity is present whenever the mind conceives a relation of
things that is altogether false, so that passions or actions are excited that are contra-
ry to the reason of the person.
† Hypochondriasis and melancholia cannot always be distinguished from each
other. But if they can at any time it is to be done, in my opinion, by no other
symptom than by dyspepsia being always present in hypochondriasis, oftentimes ab-
sent in melancholia. 

DISORDERS. 121
Nervous melancholia. Lorry.
It varies according to the variety of things, about
which the man is insane. Thus,
1. With false conception about the dangerous state
of his body from slight causes ; or about the sad,
fearful state of his affairs.
Common melancholia. S.
Complaining melancholia. S
Fearful panophobia.
2. With false conception about the agreeable state
of his affairs.
Silly melancholia. S.
Enthusiastic melancholia. S.
Dancing melancholia. S.
3. With vehement love, without satyriasis or nym-
phomania.
Amatorial melancholia. S.
Erotomania. L. 82.
4. With a superstitious fear of future circumstances.
Religious melancholia. S.
5. With aversion to motion, and all the duties of life.
Lazy melancholia. S.
6. With inquietude, and impatience of any state.
Wandering melancholia. S.
7. With weariness of life.
English melancholia.* S.
Fearful melancholia. S.
8. With false conception about the nature of his
species.
Zoantropic melancholia. S.
a. In which the person believes himself to be a cat.
* Perhaps a weariness of life among the English, does not always depend upon a
disease. 

122 GENERA OF
Hippantropic melancholia. S.
b. In which the person believes himself to become a horse. S.
Melancholia of the Scythians. S.
I think that there is no true dæmomania, and* in
my opinion, the species under this title by Sau-
vages are, either
1. Species of melancholia or mania, as
Fanatic dæmomania. S.
Indian dæmomania. S.
Or 2. Disorders falsely attributed to the power of
of dæmons, by the bye-standers ; as,
Dæmomania from worms. S.
Polonic dæmomania. S.
Dæmomania from cardiogmus. S.
Or 3. Disorders altogether feigned ; as
Dæmomania of the sorceresses. S.
Vampirismic dæmomania. S.
c. The Vampiri, were a sort of legerdemains, who dealt with
dead bodies. S.
Disembled dæmomania. S.
Or 4. Disorders partly true, as No. 2 ; partly
dissembled, as those recited in No. 3 ; as,
Hysteric Dæmomania. S.
G. LXVII. MANIA.†
CHA. Universal insanity.
Syn. Mania. S. 235. L. 68. V. 331. Sag. 349. Boerh. Funk
Beattie.
Paraphrosyne. L. 66.
Amentia. L. 67.
Maniac delirium. Hoff.
* Because very few believe the Devil to have such power over our bodies or minds
at this day.
[ † Madness. T. ]

DISORDERS. 123
1. Mania, altogether from passion of the mind.
(Mental Mania.)
Mania from passion. S. Examples from melancholy, are to be
found in Preysnger; from fear, in Locher ; from love, in
Eph. Nat. Cur. Dec. II. A. X. Obs. 126. From anger,
in Hoffman.
2. Mania, from an evident fault of the body.
(Corporeal Mania.) 
It varies according to the variety of the fault of
the body ; hence,
Metastic mania. S.
from an ulcer dried up. A. Luff.
from a plica cut off. Hoff. Eph. N. Cur.
from an herpes repressed. Locher.
from retained menses. Schenck.
from retained semen. Ibid.
from repressed scabies. Lorry.
from pregnancy. Lorry.
from too small a flow of milk find lochiæ. Puzos.
Lacteal mania. S.
Hysteralgic mania. S.
Mania from hemicrania. S.
Mania from poisons. S.
Phrenitis of the exhausted. S.
3. Mania not preceded by any passion of the mind
or evident fault of the body. (Obscure Mania.)
Common mania. S.
Apyrexial mania. S.
Periodical mania. S.
The symptomatic species of mania are,
PARAPHROSYNE. S. 232. Sag. 345.
1. Paraphrosyne from poisons.
Drunken paraphrosyne. S.
Paraphrosyne from datura. S.
Paraphrosyne from opium. S.
Paraphrosyne from conium. S.
Magic paraphrosyne. S
* Flying delirium, from poison, or depending on some other disorders. S 

124 GENERA OF
2. Paraphrosyne from passion. S.
Hysteric paraphrosyne. S.
3. Febrile paraphrosyne.
Delirium. L. 65. V. 330.
Febricose paraphrosyne. S.
Critical paraphrosyne S.
Paraphrosyne of hot places. S.
Paraphrosyne of the puerperal.
G. LXVIII. ONIERODYNI A.*
CHA. Too vehement, or a troublesome imagina-
tion during sleep.
Syn. Somnium. V. 339.
Somnambulismus. S. 221. L. 77. Sag. 333
Hypnobatasis. V. 340. 
Noctambulatio. Funk.
Ephialtes. S. 138. L. 163. Sag. 245.
Incubus. V. 211. Funk
1. Oneirodynia exciting to walk, and various mo-
tions. (Active Oneirodynia.)
Common somnambulismus. S.
Cataleptic somnambulismus. S.
2. Oneirodynia from the sense of some weight pres-
sing on, and particularly compressing the breast.
(Oppressive Oneirodynia.)
Plethoric ephialtes. S.
Stomachic ephialtes. S.
Hypochondriac ephialtes. S.
Tertian ephialtes. S.
Verminose ephialtes. S.
Ephialtes from hydrocephalus.†
[* Night-Mare. T. ] 
† As hydrocephalus cannot always be known by external symptoms, this species
is not so properly recited ; but I have put it own for this reason, because the ephi-
aites of those who labour under an anasarca of the things and hydrothorax or ascites,
at the same time, may in some measure be referred to hydrocephalus.

DISORDERS. 125
Cl. III. Cachexies.
CHA. A depraved habit of the whole, or great part
of the body ; without a primary pyrexy, or ner-
vous disorder.
Syn. Cachexia. S. Cl. X. V. Cl. VIII. Sag. Cl. III.
Deformes. L. Cl. X.
Or. I. Leannesses. (Marcores.)
CHA. Macies of the whole body.
Syn. Macies. S. Cl. X. Or. I. Sag. Cl. III. Or. I.
Emaciantcs. L. Cl. X. Or. I.
G. LXIX. TABES.
CHA. Decay ; asthenia ; hectic pyrexy.
Syn. Tabes. S. 275. L. 209. V. 309. Sag. 100.
The species are,
1. Tabes from an external or internal ulcer, or
from a vomica. (Purulent Tabes.)
Tabes from vomica. S.
Ulcerous Tabes. S.
Apostematous tabes. S.
It varies in its seat ; hence,
Renal tabes. S.
Hepatic tabes. S.
Tabes from the stomach. S.
Tabes from the pericardium. S.
Catarrhal* tabes. S.
2. Tabes in schrophulous bodies. (Schrophulous
Tabes.)
* If a tabes takes place, in consequence of a catarrh of long standing, and is at-
tended with hectic fever, I don't hesitate to recite such an one under the purulent
species. 

126 GENERA OF
Glandular tabes. S.
Mesenteric tabes. S
Mesenteric schrophula. S.
Infantile atrophia. S.
Ricketty atrophia. S.
Rachialgic tabes. S.
3. Tabes, from poison taken into the body. (Ve-
nenous Tabes.)
Tabes from poison. S. 
Febrisequous tabes. S. pertains either to the puru-
lent species, or to the genus of atrophia.
G. LXX. ATROPHIA.
CHA. Decay, and asthenia ; without hectic* py-
rexia.
Syn. Atrophia. S. 277. L. 210. V. 308. Sag. 102. Funk.
Marasmus. L. 211.
The species are. 
1. Atrophia from excessive evacuation. (Atrophia
of the exhausted.)
Atrophia from ptyalism. S.
Atrophia from vomiting. S.
Atrophia from lax. S.
Tabes of nurses. S.
Atrophia of nurses. S.
Atrophia from leucorrhoea. S.
Dorsal tabes. S.
Sweating tabes. S.
Tabes from evacuation of blood. S. Want of blood. Lieutaud.
2. Atrophia from corrupted nourishment. (Atro-
phia of the Starved.)
Atrophia of sucklings. S.
3. Atrophia from corrupted nourishment. (Caco-
chymic atrophia.)
* Perhaps atrophia is never without a pyrexy, at least without a pulse more fre-
quent than usual ; but the absence of a hectic pyrexy will always distinguish atro-
phia from tabes.
† I am doubtful whether dorsal atrophia belongs to atrophia of the exhausted, or
atrophia of the debilitated ; but I rather refer it to the former. 

DISORDERS. 127
Scorbutic atrophia. S.
Syphilitic tabes. S.
Tabes from dropsy. S.
4. Atrophia from the function of nutrition being
depraved, preceded by no evacuation, or exces-
sive evacuation, or bad nourishment. (Atro-
phia of the Debilitated.) 
Nervous atrophia. S.
Lateral atrophia. S.
Senile atrophia. S.
OR. II. Swellings. (Intumescentiæ.
CHA. The whole, or a great part of the body swel-
ling outwards.
Syn. Intumescentiæ S. Cl. X. Or. II. Sag. Cl. III. Or. II.
Tumidosi. L. Cl. X. Or. II.
SECTION I. ADIPOSE.
G. LXXI. POLYSARCIA.*
CHA. Troublesome pinguidinose swelling of the
body.
Polysarcia. S. 279. L. 213. V. 540. Sag. 106.
Steatites. V. 390.
The only species.
Adipose polysarcia. S. Lond. Med. Obs. III. 9. Vol. 21, 22.
Med. Transact. II. 18.
SECTION II. FLATULENT.
G. LXXII. PNEUMATOSIS
CHA. A tense, elastic swelling of the body, crack-
ling under pressure of the hand.
Syn. Pneumatosis. S. 280. V. 391. Sag. 107.
Emphysema. S. 13. L. 288. V. 392.
[ * Exccessive Fatness. T ]

128 GENERA OF
Leucophlegmatic. L. 214.
Combalusier.
The species are.
1. Pneumatosis without a manifest cause. (Sponta-
neous pneumatosis.)
Spontaneous emphysema. S.
Febrile pneumatosis. S. Some species in Lon. Med. Obs. VI. 19.
2. Pneumatosis from a wound of the thorax. (Trau-
matic pneumatosis.
Pneumatosis from a wound. S. Lond. Med. Obs. II. 2. III.
4. 35. 36. Cheston.
Febrile pneumatosis. S. Some species.
3. Pneumatosis, from a poison taken into the body,
or applyed to it. (Venenous Pneumatosis.)
Pneumatosis from poison. S.
4. Pneumatosis with hysteria. (Hysteric Pneuma-
tosis.)
Hysteric Pneumatosis. S.
G. LXXIII. TYMPANITES.*
CHA. A tense, elastic, sonorous swelling of the ab-
domen ; bound belly; leanness of other parts.
Syn. Tympanities. S. 291. L. 219. V. 316. Sag. 118. Boer.
Funk.
Tympanitic affection. Hoff.
Meteorismus. S. 292.
The species are.
1. Tympanities, with a tumour of the belly ; often
unequal ; and with frequent rejection of air;
alleviating the tension and pain.
Intestinal tympanities. S. Ed. Med. Ess. I. 31.
Entero-physoid tympanities. S.
Verminose tympanities. S.
Spasmodic tympanities. S.
Meteorismus of the stomach. S.
[ * Tympany T.]

DISORDERS. 129
Meteorismus of the abdomen. S. 
Hysteric meteorismus. S.
Meteorismus from manzanilla.*
2. Tympanities, with a more evident resounding of
the belly ; a more equal tumour; and an emis-
sion of flatus more seldom, and less alleviating.
(Abdominal Tympanities.)
Abdominal tympanities. S.
Ascitic tympanities. S.
Flatulent peretoneal ascites. S.
Stewartinian tympanities. S.
G. LXXIV. PHYSOMETRA.†
CHA. A slight, elastic tumor in the epigastrium,
resembling the figure and situation of the womb.
Syn. Physometra. S. 290. Sag. 117.
Hysterophyse. V. 317.
The species are.
Dry physometra S.
Dry tympanities of the uterus. Astruc.
Humid physometra. S.
Humid tympanities of the uterus. Astruc.
SECTION III. WATERY, or DROPSIES.
G. LXXV. ANASARCA.‡
CHA. A soft inelastic swelling of the whole, or part
of the body.
Syn. Anasarca. S. 281. L. 215. V. 313. Sag. 108. Boerh.
Hoff. Funk. Monro. Milman.
Phlegmatia. S. 282.
Watery angina. Boerh.
The species are.
R
* A poison apple.
[ † Tympany of the Womb. T. ]
[ ‡ Dropsy. T.]

130 GENERA OF 
l. Anasarca from retained serum, on account of
usual evacuations being suppressed ; or from in-
creased serum, by taking in too much water.
(Serous anasarca.)
Metallic anasarca. S.
a. Periodical anasarca.
b. Anasarca from damps.
Lacteal phlegmasia. S.
Phlegmasia from mestastasis of the menses. S.
Urinose anasarca. S.
Anasarca of water-drinkers. S.
2. Anasarca from compression of the veins. (Ob-
structed anasarca.)
Anasarca of the gravid. S.
Phlegmasia of the gravid. S.
Crural phlegmasia. S.
Lowerian angina. S.
Oedematose angina. Boerh.
3. Anasarca, coming on after exanthema, and es-
pecially after erysipelas. (Exanthematic Ana-
sarca.)
Exanthematic anasarca. S.
Exanthematic phlegmasia. S.
Ulcerose phlegmasia. S.
Malabaric phlegmasia. S.
Elephantine phlegmasia. S.
American phlegmasia. S.
4. Anasarca from tenuity of the blood, produced
by hæmorrhagy. (Impoverisied Anasarca.)
Anasarca from a flux. S.
5. Anasarca in those debilitated by long disorders ;
or by other causes. (Anasarca of the debilitated.)
Common phlegmasia. 6.
Anasarca from fevers. S.
Hysteric anasarca. S.
Hysteric phlegmasia. S.
Rachialgic anasarca. S.
Delien anasarca. S.
The purulent anasarca. S. can scarce be referred
to anasarca. 

DISORDERS. 131 
G. LXXVI. HYYDROCHEPHALUS.*
CHA. A soft inelastic swelling of the head ; the
sutures of the skull being open.
Syn. Hydrocephalus. S. 285. L. 216. Boerh.
Hydrochephalum. V. 384.
The only species.
Exterior hydrocephalus. S.† Lond. Med. Obs. V. 13. Med.
Trans. II. 18. Ed. Med. Ess. III. 22.
G. LXXVII. HYDRORACHITIS.‡
CHA. A soft, small tumour over the vertebræ of
of the loins ; the vertebræ gaping. 
Syn. Hydrorachitis. S. 287. Morg. XII. 9. and following.
Spinola. L. 289.
Spina bifida. V. 386. 
G. LXXVIII. HYDROTHORAX.§
CHA. Dyspnoea ; paleness of the face ; oedema of
the feet ; scarcity of urine ; difficulty in laying ;
sudden and spontaneous starting from sleep, with
palpitation ; water fluctuating in the breast.
Syn. Hydrothorax. S. 150. V. 311. Boerh.
The species are.
Common hydrothorax. S.
Hydrothorax following fever. S.
Hydrothorax from scabies. S.
The following are not so properly recited ; as nei-
ther the nature of the liquid contained within,
nor the source, nor the situation of it can be
distinguished by external symptoms.
[ * Dropsy of the Head. T. ]
† I have referred internal hydrochephalus (formerly recited here,) to apoplexy,
under the name of hydrochephalic apoplexy. 
[ ‡ Dropsy of the Spine. T. ]
[ § Dropsy of the Breast. T. ] 

132 GENERA OF 
Chylous hydrothorax. S. Wtllis.
Hydatidous hydrothorax. S. Morgay. XVI. 33.
Hydrothorax of the mediastiuum. S.
Hydrothorax of the pleura. S. Hoff. Bergeron.
Hydrothorax of the pericardium. S. Morg. XVI. 34, 36. Se-
nac. Ed. Med. Eff. V. 56, 58, 59.
Sauvages has improperly recited in this place,
Hydrothorax from the omentum. n.
G. LXXIX. ASCITES.*
CHA. A tense swelling of the belly, scarce elastic,
but fluctuating.
Syn. Ascites. S. 288. L. 217. V. 314. Sag. 115 Boer. Hoff. Funk.
D. Monro. Med. Trans. II. 17. Milman.
The species are.
1. Ascites, with an equal tumour of the whole ab-
domen, and with a very evident fluctuation.
(Abdominal Ascites.)
More common ascites. S.
It varies with respect to its cause.
A. From obstruction of the viscera.
Ascites from obstruction. S.
Ascites from the liver. S.
Ascites from the spleen. S.
Schrophulous ascites. S.
Artificial ascites. S.
B. From debility.
Ascites from exanthemata. S.
Arthritic ascites. S.
Febrile ascites. S.
Ascites from a quartan. Werlhorf.
Scorbutic ascites. S.
C. From the tenuity of the blood.
Ascites from fluxes of blood. S.
It also varies with respect to the liquid effused.
[ * Dropsy of the Belly. T. ]

DISORDERS. 133 
Purulent ascites. S.*
Urinous ascites. S.
Chylous ascites. S.
Oleous ascites. S.
2. Ascites, with a partial tumour of the abdomen,
(at least in the beginning,) and a less evident
fluctuation. (Encysted ascites.)
Ascites from the ovaria. S.
Ascites of an ovarium. S.
a. Encysted ascites S.
Hydrometra of an ovarium. S.
Bloody ascites. S. Ed. Med. Ess. V. 63.
Ascites of the stomach. S.
Omental ascites. S.
Intercutal ascites. S.
Sanguineo-intercutal ascites. S.
Sanguineo-peretoneal ascites. S.
Purulento-peretoneal ascites. S.
G. LXXX. HYDROMETRA.†
CHA. A gradual increasing tumour of the hypogas-
trium in women, resembling the figure of the
uterus, yielding to pressure, or fluctuating ; with-
out ischury and pregnancy.
Syn. Hydrometra. S. 289. Sag. 116. Boerh.
Species can scarce be given, that are distinguish-
able by external symptoms ; but the following
are recited from Sauvages.
Ascitic hydrometra. S.
Hydrometra of the gravid. S.
Hydatic hydrometra. S.
Uterine ascites. S.
Sanguineous hydrometra. S.
Sanguineo-uterine hydrometra. S.
Puriform hydrometra. S.
* The same is to be remarked of this and many other species recited, as in p 279.
[ † Dropsy of the Womb. T. ]

134 GENERA OF 
G. LXXXI. HYDROCELE.*
CHA. A tumour of the scrotum, not painful; in-
creasing by degrees ; soft, fluctating, pellucid.
Syn. Oscheocele. S. 41. V. 388.
Oscheophyma. Sag. 44.
Dropsy of the scrotum. V. 389.
Dropsy of the testes. Boerh.
The species are.
Watery oscheocele. S. Monro, in the Ed. Med. Ess. V. A. 21.
Sharp. Douglass. Pott. Le Dran. Bertrand.
Hydatidous oscheocele. S.
Malabaric oscheocele. S. Kempfer.
SECTION. IV. SOLID.
G. LXXXII. PHYSCONIA.
CHA. A tumour, chiefly occupying some part of
the abdomen ; increasing by little and little ;
neither sonorous nor fluctuating.
Syn. Physconia. S. 283. V. 325. S. 110.
Hyposarca. L.218.
The species are ‡.
Hepatic physconia. S.
Cusson. Bonet. Verduc.
a. Schirrous. Segerus.
b. Calculous. Bonet.
c. Hydatidous. Winker.
Splenic physconia. S.
a. Emphractic. Haller. Tulp.
b. Schirrhous. Bonet.
[ * Dropsy of the Scrotum. T. ]
‡ The following species are by no means recited according to the rule of metho-
dical nosology ; but it would be difficult to point out the species of physconia more
accurately ; at least, it requires more time than I have to spare. In the interim,
I chuse to repeat here, the work of the learned Cusson ; a work of the greatest use
in pathology.

DISORDERS. 135
Renal physconia. S.
Bonet.
a. Calculous. Plater. River.
b. Sarcomatic-cystic. Haller.
Uterine physconia, S.
Bonet.
Physconia from the ovarium. S.
Monro. Ed. Med. Ess. VI. Ar. 74. Obs. I.
Mesenteric physconia. S.
a. Hydatidous. Greg. Horst. Tulp.
b. Strumous. Bonet. Amb. Parre. Scultet.
c. Schirrous. Marc. Donat. Claudin. Trincavill. Riolan.
Morg. Ep. 39. N. 2.
d. Sarcomatic. Bonet.
e. Steatomatous. Barth. Cabrol. Tulp. F. Lechelius. Hierne.
f. Fungus. Bonet.
Intestinal physconia. S.
a. Concreto-glomerate. Morg.
b. Sarcomatic. Fontan.
Omental physconia. S.
Frid. Reebman.
Polysplachnal physconia. S.
a. Schirrhodeal. Fab. Hildan.
b. Schirrhodeal and Sarcomatic. Huldenreich.
c. Schirrhodeal and Adipofe. T. Bartholin.
d. Hydatidose. Volch. Goiter. Maur. Cordaei. Hippoc.
e. Hydatidose and Schirrhodeal. Haller.
Visceral physconia. S.
Bonet. Hippocrat. Marc. Donat. Schenkius. Salmuth. Bonet
Bianch.
External lupial physconia. S.
Graham.
External schirrhodeal physconia. S.
Ger. Blas. 

136 GENERA OF
External hydatidous physconia. S.
Bonet. Achotzius. Solemand. Riverius.
Physconia from subcutaneous fat. S.
a. Simple. Lieutaud. F. Mich. Fehr.
b. Syphilitic. Fizes.
Physconia from excrescence. S.
G. LXXXIII. RACHITIS.*
CHA. Large head ; chiefly swelling anteriorly;
swoln knees; depressed ribs ; swelled abdomen;
the other parts pining away.
Syn. Rachitis. S. 294. L. 212. V 312. Sag. 120. Boer. Hoff.
Zevianus.
It varies.
1. Simple, without any other disorder.
Knotty rickets. S.
Britannic rickets.† S. Glisson.
2. Joined with other disorders.
Strumous rickets. S.
Polonic rickets. S.
Elephantine rickets. S.
Neither the Calmuc Rickets. S. nor the rickets
from castration. S. can be looked upon as a
disorder. 
OR. III. Depravations. (Impetigines.)
CHA. Cachexy, deforming the skin, and external
parts of the body particularly.
Syn. Impetigines. S. Cl. X. Or. V. Sag. Cl. III. Or. V.
[* Rickets. T.]
† Nodose rickets and Britannic rickets, are improperly recited as two disorders,
since they differ no other way, than that one is incipient, the other confirmed. 

DISORDERS. 137
G. LXXXIV. SCROPHULA.*
CHA. Tumours of the conglobate glands, especially
in the neck ; the upper lip and columna of the
nose swelled ; florid face; thin skin ; swelled
abdomen.
Syn. Scrophula. S. 285. V. 367. Sag. 121.
Struma. L. 284.
The species are.
1. Simple, external, permament scrophula. (Com-
mon Scrophula.)
Common scrophula. S.
1. Internal simple scrophula, with paleness of the
face, loss of appetite, tumour of the abdomen,
and unusual foetor of the foeces. (Mesenteric
Scrophula.)
Mesenteric schrophula. S.
3. The most simple scrophula, and only about the
neck, for the most part proceeding from an ab-
sorption from ulcers of the head. (Flying Scro-
phula.)
Flying scrophula. S.
4. Scrophula joined with the yaws. (American
Scrophula.)
American scrophula. S.
It appears to me, that neither periodical scrophula.
S. nor Molucca scrophula. S. belong to the ge-
nus of SCROPHULA.
G. LXXXV. SYPHILIS.†
CHA. A contagious disorder, after impure venery,
and a disorder of the genitals ; ulcers of the ton-
sils ; of the skin, especially at the margin of the
S
[ * King's Evil. T. ] [ † Pox. T.]

138 GENERA OF
hair ; corymbose papulæ, going into crusts and
crusty ulcers ; pains of the bones ; exostoses.
Syn. Syphilis. S. 300. L, 6. V. 319. Sag. 126.
Lues venera. Booerh. Hoff. Funk. Astruc.
The only species.
Venereal syphilis. S.
The Polonic syphilis. S. by no means belongs to this
genus, and we are not sufficiently acquainted
with Indian syphilis. S. to put it down as a diffe-
rent species.
G. LXXXVI. SCORBUTUS.*
CHA. Asthenia ; bleeding of the mouth ; spots of
different colours in the skin, for the most part
livid, especially at the roots of the hair; in a
cold country ; after a putrescent faked diet,
made up of animals; recent vegetables being at
the same time deficient.
Syn, Scorbutus. S. 391. L. 223. V. 318. Sag. Boerh. Hoss.
Funk. Lind. Hulme. Rouppe. Med. Trans. II. 18. 21
Milman. Ferris.
It varies in degree.
a. Incipient scurvy.
b. Increasing survy.
c. Inveterate scurvy.
It also varies in symptoms.
d. Livid scurvy. Nitzch,
e. Petechial scurvy. ib.
f. Pallid scurvy. ib.
g. Red scurvy. ib.
h. Warm scurvy. ib,
[* Scurvy. T.] 

DISORDERS. 139
G. LXXXVII. ELEPHANTIASIS.*
CHA. A contagious disorder ; thick, wrinkled,
rough, unctious skin, destitute of hairs ; insen-
sibility of the extremities; the face deformed
with lumps ; the voice hoarse and nasal.
Syn. Elephantiasis. S. 302. V. 321. Sag. 128.
Elephantia of the Arabians. V. 322.
The varieties are.
Oriental elephantiasis. n.
Legitimate elephantiasis. S. Lond. Med. Obs. I. Ar. 19. Soc.
Roy. Mem.
Lion-like elephantiasis. S.
Tyrian elephantiasis. S.
Alopecian elephantiasis. S.
Syphilitic elephantiasis. S.
Javanees elephantiasis. S.
Indian elephantiasis. S. †
G. LXXXVIII. LEPRA.‡
CHA. The skin rough ; with white, surfuraceous,
chopped eschars ; sometimes humid beneath,
itching.
Syn. Lepra. S. 303. L. 262. Sag. 122.
Leprosy of the Greeks. V. 320.
The varieties are.
Leprosy of the Greeks. S.
Indian leprosy. S.
Scaly leprosy. S.
Indian leprosy. S.
Austrian leprosy. S.
Hepatic leprosy. S.
Deadly-disorder. leprosy. S.
[ * Arabian Leprosy. T. ]
† I could not dare to say any more upon Elephantiasis, Lepra, Framboesia and
Trichoma, as they are disorders which I have never seen.
[ ‡ Grecian Leprosy. T. ] 

140 GENERA OF
G. LXXXIX FRAMBOESIA.*
CHA. Resemblances of mushrooms, mulberyr or
raspberry fruit, springing up in various parts of
the skin.
Syn. Framboesia, S. 229. Sag. 125.
The varieties are.
Guinea framboesia. S. Ed. Ess. Vol. VI. Art. 71.
American framboesia. S.
G. XC. TRICHOMA.
CHA. A contagious disorder ; the hair thicker than
common ; twilled into knots, and inextricable
chords.
Syn. Trichoma. S. 311. Sag. 137.
Phca. L. 313.
Plica, or Rhopalosis. V. 323.
The species are.
Knotted Trichoma. S.
Villose trichoma. S.
G. XCI. ICTERUS.†
CHA. Yellowness of the skin and eyes ; the fœces
whitish ; the urine obscurely red; staining what
is put into it of a clay colour.
Syn. Icterus. L. 224. V. 306. Boerh. Funk.
Aurigo. S. 306. Sag. 132.
Idteric cachexy. Hoff.
The idiopathic species are.
1. Icterus, with acute pain in the epigastric region,
increased after eating, and with a dejection of
bilious concretions. (Calculous Icterus.)
Calculous aurigo. S. Ed. Med. Ess. I. 33. II. 28, 29. Med.
Trans. II. 10.
[ * The Yaws. T. ]
[ † "Jaundice. T. ]

DISORDERS. 141
2. Icterus without pain, after spasmodic disorders,
and passion of the mind. ( Spasmodic Icterus.)
Hysteric aurigo. S. some species are recited by Sauvages, under
the title of
Aurigos from poisons. 
3. Icterus, without pain, after disorders of the li-
ver. (Hepatic Icterus.)
Hepatic aurigo. S.
Aurigo from obstruction. S.
Purulent aurigo. S.
4. Icterus, coming on at the time of pregnancy,
and going off after delivery. (Icterus of the Gra-
vid. V. Swieten. Ap. 950.)
Plethoric aurigo. S.
5. Icterus, arising in children, not long after birth.
(Icterus of Infants.)
Aurigo of the newly born. S.
The following, although properly called icterus*
are symptomatics.
Febrile aurigo. S
Febricose aurigo. S.
Accidental aurigo. S.
Typhoid aurigo. S.
Rachialgic aurigo.
Aurigo from poisons. S.
Indian aurigo. S. or the natural colour of some
nations, cannot be called a disorder.
* A yellowness of the skin may arise either from bile not being secreted as usual, but
recieved by the blood vessels and thence effused under the skin ; or from the serum of
the blood (which is often yellow) effused under the skin as in echymosis; in some
cases physicians are uncertain from which the colour proceeds; but we think that
the distinction is to be made, as far as it can by this, that only the former is the
cause of a genuine Icterus, the latter of a different disorder. 

142 GENERA OF
Cl. IV. Local Disorders.*
CHA. An affection of a part, not of the whole
body.
Syn. Vitia†. S. Cl. I. L. Cl. XI. V. Cl. X. Sag. CI. I.
Plagæ. S. Cl. I. Or. VII. Sag. Cl. II.
Organnic disorders of authors.
OR. I. Dysæsthesiæ.
CHA. Sense depraved or destroyed, from an inju-
ry of the external organs.‡
Syn. Dysæthesiæ. S. Cl. V. Or. I. Sag. Cl. IX. Or. I.
Hallucinationes. S. Cl. VIII. Or. I. Sag. Cl. XIII. Or. I.
Privativi. L. Cl. VI. Or. III.
G. XCII. CALIGO.
CHA. Sight diminished ; or altogether abolished ;
occasioned by an opaque obstacle between the
object and the retina, adhering to the eye it-
self, or to the palpebræ.
Syn. Caligo. S. 153. V. 288. Sag. 259.
Cataracta. L. 109.
The species are.
1. Caligo, from an opaque spot behind the pupil.
(Caligo of the Lens.)
* Perhaps it may sometimes be doubtful, whether a disorder should be referred to
universal or to local disorders, but with respect to most of them, it is sufficiently ob-
vious, to which they belong; and from the institution of this class of local disorders
we maintain that most disorders may be more properly and easily arranged than in
any other system of nosology.
† I have here mentioned vitia as comprehended under the class of local disorders
but this class comprehends many more disorders, so that the word vitia cannot be
looked upon as a synonima of this class, and the same may be said of plagæ. S.
‡ I fear that I may have recited some species in the following pages which may
not altogether answer to the character of this order, seilt. dysæsthesiæ which does
not depend upon any injury of the external organs. I have indeed recited a few spe-
cies of this kind, and I did it because I was unwilling to separate connected species
such as would be looked for in this place 

DISORDERS. 143
Cataract.* S. 152. L. 109. V. 239. Sag. 26.
The species with Sauvages, are either true or spu-
rious.
The true varieties are.
True cataract. S.
Glaucoma of Woolhous.
Anti-glaucoma cataract. S.
Glaucoma cataract. S.
Glaucoma. Ma. Jan. & St. Ives.
The spurious varieties are.
Membranaceous cataract. S.
Secundary cataract. S.
2. Caligo, from an opaque cornea. (Coligo of the
Cornea.)
Achlys. V. 242.
It varies according to the disorder making the opa-
city.
Caligo from nepheluium, (a subpellucid spot in the cornea.)
Caligo from leucoma, (a white spot in the cornea.)
Caligo from ceratocele, (a hernia of the cornea.)
Caligo from staphyloma, (a small tumor of the cornea.)
Caligo from ptergis, (a little membrane like a wing.)
Caligo from hyposphagma, (a suffusion of blood.)
3. Caligo, from obstructed pupil. (Caligo of the
Pupil)
It varies according to the variety of the cause.
Caligo from ectasis, (or stopping up of the pupil.)
Amorousis from synchesio, (a confusion of humours.)
Amarousis from myosis, (a permanent constriction of the pupil.)
Caligo from synezesis. ( a coalition of the uvea.)
Synizesis. V. 240.
4. Caligo, from a fault or defect of the aqueous
humour. (Caligo of the Humors.)
Glaucoma.
* I cannot see why the cataract, should be enumerated by Sauvages for a differ-
ent species from caligo. The learned may judge whether I have not rightly chang-
ed the character of caligo and placed cataract as a species of it. 

144 CENERA OF
It varies according to the state of the humors.
Caligo from hypoaema, (effused blood.)
Lacteal caligo. S.
Caligo from rhytidosis, (a corrugation and flacidity of the
cornea, from evacuation.)
Hydropthalmic amblyopia. S.
5. Caligo, from a fault adhering to the palpebræ.
(Caligo of the Palpetræ.)
It varies according to the fault in the palpebræ.
Caligo from symblepharosis, (a coalition of the upper eye-lid
with the eye.)
Caligo from ancyloblepharosi, (a coalition of the palpebræ with
each other.)
Caligo from blepharoptosis, (a dent of the upper eye-lid, so as
to shade the cornea.)
Caligo from pacheablepharosis, (a weakening of the palpebræ
from tumors.)
Caligo from lupia, (a soft exuberance.)
Caligo from sarcoma, (a fleshy tumour between the eye and
eye-lid.)
Caligo from cancer. S.
G. XCIII. AMAROUSIS.
CHA. Sight diminished, or totally abolished, with-
out an evident fault of the eye; for the most
part with a dilation and immobility of the pupil.
Syn. Amarousis. S. 155. L. 110. V. 238. Sag. 261.
Mydriasis. V. 237.
Amblyopia. L. 108. V. 236.
The species are.
1. Amarousis, after causes, and with symptoms of
congestion in the brain. (Amarousis from Com-
pression.)
It varies according to the remote cause.
Pituitous amarousis. S.
Scrophulous amarousis. S.
Plethoric amarousis. S. 

DISORDERS. 145
Intermittent amarousis. S.
Exanthematic amarousis. S.
Venereal amarousis. S.
Traumatic amarousis. S.
2. Amarousis, after causes, and with signs of debi-
lity. (Atonic Amarousis.)
Congenital amarousis. S. 
Amarousis of the exhausted. S.
Rachialgic amarousis. S.
Arthritic amarousis. S.
Absolute amblyopia. S.
3. Amarousis, after causes, and with symptoms of
spasm. (Spasmodic Amarousis.)
Amarousis from spasm. S.
Hysteric amarousis. S.
4. Amarousis from poison, taken inwardly, or ap-
plied outwardly. (Venenous Amarousis.)
Amarousis from narcotics. S.
Amarousis of the scavengers. S.
G. XIV. DYSOPIA.
CHA. Depraved sight; so that objects cannot be
seen clearly, unless in a certain light, or at a
particular distance, or in a peculiar posture.
Syn. Amblyopia. S. 154. Sag. 258.
The species are.
1. Dysopia, in which objects are not seen unless in
a great light. (Dysopia of Darkness.)
Twilight amblyopia. S.
2. Dysopia, in which objects are not seen, unless
in an obsure light. (Dysopia of Light.)
Meridian amblyopia. S.
T
* The word amblyopia, which Sauvages uses for a name to this species, is used
differently by the ancients, as well as by Linnæus and Vogel; therefore, I thought
it necessary to change the name of this genus. 

146 GENERA OF
3. Dysopia, in which things at a long distance are
not seen. (Dysopia of distant objects.)
Amblyopia of distant objects. S.
Myopia. L. 309.
Myopiasis. V. 515.
4. Dysopia, in which things that are near are not
seen. (Dysopia of proximate objects.)
Amblyopia of proximate objects. S.
Presbytio. S.
5. Dysopia, in which, only objects that are ob-
liquely situated, are seen. (Lateral Dysopia.)
Amblyopia of the blinkards. S.
G. XCV. PSEUDOBLEPSIS.
CHA. Depraved sight; so that a man imagines he
sees things that really do not exist; or sees
things which do exist, otherways than they
really are.
Syn. Suffusio. S. 217. Sag. 329.
Phantasma. L. 73. V. 289.
The species are.
1. Pseudoblepsis, in which, what does not exist,
seems to appear. (Imaginary Pseudoblepsis.)
It varies according to the variety of the phantom.
a. Fly-like suffusion. S.
b. Reticular suffusion. S.
c. Sparkling suffusion. S.
Marmaryge. V. 290. (a shining light before the eyes.)
d. Colouring suffusion. S.
Hemalopia. V. 245. (half-sight.)
2. Pseudoblepsis, in which the object, which real-
ly does exist, is, in some manner changed.
(Changing Pseudoblepsis.)
It varies according to the various change of the
objects. 

DISORDERS. 147
a Metamorphose suffusion. S.
b. Noding suffusion. S.
c. Suffusion dividing the object. S.
d. Multiplying suffusion.
Diplopia. S. 218. Sag. 330. (doubling or multiplying the
objects.)
Dysopia. V. 291. (double sighted.)
The diplopia again varies according to the variety
of the remote cause.
α. Pyrexial diplopia. S.
Σ. Diplopia from spasm. S.
γ. Diplopia from paralysis. S.
δ. Diplopia from a coalition of the palpebrae. S.
ε. Diplopia from catarrh. S.
ζ. Diplopia from debility. S.
η. Diplopia from contufion. S.
θ. Diplopia from terror. S.
ι. Diplopia from drunkenness. S.
x. Diplopia of remote objects. S.
G. XCVI. DYSECOEA.*
CHA. Hearing diminished, or abolished.
Syn. Dysecoea. S.158. V. 246. Sag. 264.
Cophosis. S. 160. L. 112. Sag. 266.
Surditas. V. 247.
The species are.
1. Dysecoea, from a fault in the organs, transmit-
ting the sounds to the internal ear. (Organic
Dysecoea.)
It varies according to the variety of the fault, and
of the part affected.
a. Single ear, or maleus dysecoea. S.
b. Dysecoea from obstructed meatus. S.
Cophosis from obstructed meatus. S.
c. Dysecoea from atonia of the tympanum. S.
Cophosis from the tympanum. S.
d. Dyseocea from hardness of the tympanum. S.
[* Deafness. T.] 

148 GENERA OF
e. Dysecoea from the tympanum being perforated. S.
f. Dysecoea from a fistula of the tympanum. S.
g. Dysecoea from a dropsy of the tympanum. S.
h. Dysecoea from the tube being obstructed. S.
Cophosis from obstructed tube. S.
i. Syphilitic dysecoea.
Syphilitic cophosis.
Congenital cophosis. S.
2. Dysecoea, without an evident fault of the or-
gans, transmitting the sound. (Atonic Dyse-
coea.)
It varies according to the variety of the cause.
a. Critical cophosis. S.
Febrile dysecoea.
b. Cophosis from coma. S.
c. Serous cophosis. S.
d. Cophosis from steatoma. S.
G. XCVII. PARACUSIS.
CHA. Depraved hearing.
Syn. Paracusis. S. 159. Sag. 265.
Syrigmus. S. 219. Sag. 23l.
The species are.
l. Paracusis, in which the sounds, proceeding from
externals, are perceived, but not accurately, nor
in the usual manner. (Imperfect Paracusis.)
It varies.
A. With a loud hearing.
Loud paracusis. S.
B. With too sensible a hearing.
Tender paracusis. S.
C. With a single external sound, doubled by an
internal cause.
Duplicate paracusis. S. 

GENERA OF 149
D. The sounds which the person wishes to hear, are
not heard, except another loud sound is excited
at the same time.
Willisian paracusis. S.
2. Paracusis, in which, sounds not existing without,
are excited by internal causes. (Imaginary Pa-
racusis.)
Syrigmus. S. 219. Sag. 231
Syrigmos. L. 72.
Susurrus. V. 292.
It varies according to the variety of the sound per-
ceived.
a. Hissing syrigmus S.
b. Whispering syrigmus. S.
c. Humming syrigmus. S.
It also varies according to the variety of the remote
cause.
d. Syrigmus from debility. S.
e. Critical syrigmus. S. 
f. Plethoric syrigmus. S.
g. Vertiginous syrigmus. S.
h. Cephalalgic syrigmus. S.
i. Syrigmus from the stomach. S.
k. Catarrhal syrigmus. S.
l. Syrigmus from too tender hearing. S.
G. XCVIII. ANOSMIA.
CHA. Smelling diminished, or abolished.
Syn. Anosmia. S. 156. L. 113. V. 248. Sag. 262.
The species are.
1. Anosmia, from a fault in the membrane investing
the internal nares. (Organic Anosmia.)
It varies according to the variety of the fault.
Catarrhal anosmia. 5. 

150 DISORDERS.
Anosmia from dryness. S.
Anosmia from polypus. S.
Anosmia from ozaena. S.
Syphilitic anosmia.
Verminose anosmia. S.
2. Anosmia, without an evident fault of the mem-
brane of the nose. (Atonic Anosmia.)
Paralytic anosmia. S.
G. XCIX. AGHEUSTIA.
CHA. Taste diminished, or abolished.
Syn. Agheustia. S. 157. Sag. 263.
Agheustia. L. 114.
Apogeusis. V. 449.
The species are.
1. Agheustia, from a fault in the membrane of the
tongue, keeping the taste from the nerves. (Or-
ganic Agheustia.)
Febrile agheustia. S.
2. Agheustia, without an evident fault of the
tongue. (Atonic Agheustia.)
Paralytic agheustia. S.
G. C. ANÆSTHESIA.
CHA. Touch diminished, or abolished.
Syn. Anæsthesia. S. 161. L. 118. Sag. 267.
Anodynia. V. 274.
The following species are recited by Sauvages, and
as they are not sufficiently clear to me, I would
not alter them.
Anæsthesia from spina bifida.
Plethoric anæsthesia.
Anæsthesia of infants.
Melancholic anæsthesia. 

DISORDERS. 151
Or. II. Errors of Appetite. *(Dysorexiæ.)
CHA. Erroneous, or deficient appetite.
SECTION I. ERRONEOUS APPETITES.
Syn. Morositates. S. Cl. VIII. Or. II. Sag. Cl XIIL Or. II.
Pathetici. L. Cl. V. Or. II.
Hyperaestheses. V. Cl. VII.
G. CI. BULIMIA.†
CHA. An appetite for esculents, in greater quan-
tity than can be digested.
Syn. Bulimia. 5. 223. L. 79. Sag. 335.
Bulimus. V. 296.
Addephagia. V. 297.
Cynorexia. V. 298.
The idiopathic species are.
1. Bulimia, without a disorder of the stomach;
craving a greater quantity of food than usual
(Bulimia of Gluttons.)
Hungering Bulimia. S.
Addephagia. V. 297. (voraciousness.)
2. Bulimia, frequently craving food ; threatening
syncope, from a sense of hunger. (Syncopal
Bulimia.)
Cardialgic Bulimia. S.
Bulimus. V. 296.
3. Bulimia, craving a great quantity of food, and
immediately rejecting it by vomit. (Emetic Bu-
limia.)
* I have mentioned above that morositates are improperly referred to the class of
vesaniæ, and now I have placed them with local disorders, and I think with proprie-
ty, as almost all dysorexiae are manifestly affections of a part rather than of the
whole system. Nostalgia, (if it can be considered as a disorder) is the only one
that is not local, but I could not well separate a disorder that is uncertain from other
dysorexiæ.
[ † Canine Appetite. T. ] 


152 GENERA OF
Canine bulimia. S.
Cynorexia. V. 298.
The symptomatic species are.
Verminose bulimia. S.
Bulimia addephagia. (voracious bulimia.) S.
Bulimia of the convulsed. S.
Bulimia from acids. S.
G. CII. POLYDIPSIA.
CHA. An appetite for a greater quantity of drink
than usual.
Syn. Polydipsia. 5. 224. L. 80. V. 275. Sag. 336.
Polydipsia is almost always symptomatic, and only
varies according to the variety of disorders
which it accompanies; hence,
a. Febrile polydipsia. S.
b. Hydropic polydipsia. S.
c. Polydipsia of those labouring under fluxes. S.
d. Polydipsia from poison. S.
G. CIII. 
PICA.
CHA. A desire of eating things that are not escu-
lent.
Syn. Pica. 5. 222. Sag. 334.
Citta. L. 78.
Allotriophagia. V. 299.
Mallacia. V. 300.
As I am not sufficiently acquainted with the spe-
cies of pica, I recite the following from Sauva-
ges.
Infantile pica. S.
Pica of the chlorotic. S.
Malacian pica. (Esseminate pica.)
Pica of scorbutics. S.
Voluntary pica. S. 

DISORDERS. 153
G. CIV. SATYRIASIS.
CHA. An unbridled desire of venery in males.
Syn. Satyriasis. S. 228. L. 81. Sag. 340.
Vogel has satyriasis for a species of mania.
The species are.
1. Satyriasis, with a vehement, unbounded desire
of venery ; the body being a little disordered at
the same time. (Juvenile Satyriasis.)
Satyriasis of young debauchees. S.
2. Satyriasis, with an unbridled desire of venery ;
the body being much disordered at the same
time. (Furious Satyriasis.)
Acute satyriasis. S. Aret. Capadox.
Chronic satyriasis. S. belongs to priapism ; and ve-
nereal satyriasis. S. as also hydrophobic satyria-
sis. S. are manifestly symptomatic.
G. CV. NYMPHOMANIA.
CHA. An unbridled desire of venery in women.
Syn. Nymphomania. S. 299. Sag. 341.
Satyriasis. L. 81.
Vogel has uterine furor, for a species of mania.
There is only one species of nymphomania, and
that varies only in degree: hence,
Salacious nymphomania. S.
Furious nymphomania. S.
Glowing uterine nymphomania. S.
Itching nymphomania. S.
U 

154 GENERA OF
G. CVI. NOSTALGIA.*
CHA. A vehement desire in those absent from their
country, of revisiting it.
S. Nostalgia. S. 226. L. 83. Sag. 338.
Vogel has nostalgia for a species of melancholy.
The species are.
1. Nostalgia, without any other disorder. (Sim-
ple Nostalgia.) 
Simple nostalgia. S. 
e. Nostalgia, accompanied with other disorders. 
(Complicated Nostalgia.)
Complicated nostalgia. S. 
SECTION II. DEFICIENT APPETITES.
Syn. Anepithymiae. S. Cl. VI. Or. II. Sag. Cl IX. Or. II.
Privativi. L Cl. VI. Or. III.
Adynamiæ. V. Cl. VI. 
G. CVII. ANOREXIA.†
CHA. Deficient appetite of esculents.
Syn. Anorexia. 5. 162. L. 116. V. 279. Sag. 268. 
Every anorexia, appears to me to be symptomatic, 
and to vary only according to the variety of the 
disorder it attends. Indeed, I have referred a- 
bove, to the genus of dyspepsia, all the species
recited by Sauvages : but, perhaps, it will be 
useful to recite them again here, by themselves,
and under a better arrangement. 
The species are.
1. Anorexia, from a humor, oppressing the stomach. 
(Humoral Anorexia.)
[* Home Sick. T. ] [† Loss of Appetite. T. ] 

DISORDERS. 155
Pituitous anorexia. S.
Bilious anorexia. S.
Anorexia from suburra. S.
2. Anorexia from loss of tone in the fibres of the
stomach. (Atonic Anorexia.)
Paralytic anorexia. S.
Anorexia of the exhausted. S.
Melancholic anorexia. S.
Anorexia of the cachectic. S.
Arthritic anorexia. S.
Febrile anorexia. S.
These are of an uncertain nature.
Plethoric anorexia. S.
Wonderful anorexia. S.
Anorexia of infants. S.
Stewartinian anorexia. S.
G. CVIII. ASIPSIA.
CHA. Suppression of appetite for drink; or, a de-
privation of thirst.
Syn. Adipsia. 5. 163. L. 117. V. 281. Sag. 269.
I cannot look upon adipsia, without any other dis-
order ; such as,
Primary adipsia. S.
as a disorder ; and I take every adipsia as
sympathic or symptomatic of some disorder af-
fecting the common sesorium ; and therefore
not to be referred to locals.
CIX. ANAPHRODISIA.
CHA. Defect of lust; or, impotence of venery.
Syn. Anaphrodisia. 5. 164. Sag. 270.
Atechnia. L. 119.
Agenesia. V. 283.
There are various species. 

156 GENERA OF
Paralytic anaphrodisia. S.
Gonorrhic anaphrodisia. S.
The spurious species, or impediments of exercising
venery properly, are,
Anaphrodisia from warts. S.
Anaphrodisia from a fault of the urethra.* S.
This is to be considered as feigned and false.
Magic anaphrodisia. S.
OR. III. Dyscinesia.
CHA. Impeded, or depraved motion, from a fault
of the organs.
Syn. Dyscinesiæ. 5. Cl. VI. Or. III. Sag. Cl. IX. Or. III.
G. CX. APHONIA.
CHA. An entire suppression of voice, without co-
ma or syncope.
Syn. Aphonia. 5. 166. L. 115. V.253. Sag. 272.
The species are.
1. Aphonia, from the fauces and glottis being
swelled. (Guttural Aphonia.)
Catarrhal aphonia. 5. Anginose. Morgayni.
2. Aphonia, from compressed trachea. (Tracheal
Aphonia.)
Anuerismatic aphonia. S.
Pulmonic aphonia. S.
3. Aphonia, from the nerves of the larynx being
cut. (Atonic Aphonia.)
Trumatic aphonia. S.
The following appear symptomatic.
Melancholic aphonia. S.
* This belongs to the genus of dyspermatismus.

DISORDERS. 157
Paralytic aphonia. S.
Aphonia of drunkards. S.
Hysteric aphonia. S.
Aphonia from antipathy. S
G. CXI. MUTITAS.
CHA. An impotence of articulating words.
Syn. Mutitas. S. 165. V. 257. Sag. 271.
The species are.
1. Mutitas, from a loss or fault of the tongue.
(Organic Mutitas.)
Mutitas of those without a tongue. S.
Mutitas from drought. S.
2. Mutitas, from the nerves of the tongue being
hurt. (Atonic Mutitas.)
Traumatic mutitas. S.
3. Mutitas, from congenital deafness, or from deaf-
ness taking place in childhood. (Mutitas of the
Deaf.)
Mutitas of the deaf. S.
The following are symptomatic.
Mutitas from palsy of the tongue. S.
Mutitas from narcotics. S.
Spasmodic mutitas. S.
Proaeritic mutitas. 5.
G. CXII. PARAPHONIA.
CHA. A depraved sound of the voice.
Syn. Paraphonia. S. 168.
Cacophonia. S. Sag. 274.
Raucedo. L. 146.
Raucitas. V. 252.
Asaphia. V. 250.
Clangor. V. 251. 

158 GENERA OF
Leptophonia. V. 254.
Oxyphonia. V. 255.
Rhenophonia. V. 256.
The species are.
1. Paraphonia, in which, about the time of pu-
berty, the voice is changed from the acute and
sweet, to a more grave and ungrateful. (Para-
phonia of Youths.)
Paraphonia of youth. S.
2. Paraphonia, in which, from dryness, or a fla-
cid tumor of the fauces ; the voice becomes
hoarse and rough. (Hoarse Paraphonia.)
Catarrhal paraphonia. S.
Raucedo. L. 146.
Raucitas. V. 250.
3. Paraphonia, in which, from the nares being
obstructed, the voice becomes hoarse, with a
hissing sound through the nose. (Resounding
Paraphonia.)
Nasal paraphonia. S.
Paraphonia. from polypus. S.
Rhenophobia. V. 256.
4. Paraphonia, in which, from the uvula being de-
ficient or divided, for most part with a hair lip,
the voice becomes hoarse, obscure, and un-
grateful. (Palatine Paraphonia.)
Guttural paraphonia. 5.
Asaphia. V. 250.
5. Paraphonia, in which the voice is changed, to
acute ringing, and fine. (Ringng Paraphonia.)
Ulcerose paraphonia.
Hissing paraphonia. S.
Clangor. V. 251.
Leptophonia. V. 254.
Oxyphonia. V. 255. 

DISORDERS. 159
6. Paraphonia, in which, from the laxaty of the
velum of the palate and glottis, a sound is made
during inspiration. (Comatose Paraphonia.)
Snoring paraphonia. S.
G. CXIII. PSELLISMUS.
CHA. A fault in articulating words.
Syn. Psellimus. S. 167. L. 138. Sag. 273.
Psellotis. V. 259.
Traulotis. V. 258.
Ischnophonia. V. 260.
Battarismus. V. 261.
The species are.
1. Psellismus, in which, the words of speech, es-
pecially the first, is not easily pronounced, and
not until the first syllable is often repeated. (He-
sitating Psellimus.)
Ischnophonial psellimus. S.
Ischnophonia. V. 260.
Battarismus. V. 261.
2. Psellismus, in which, the sound of the letter R,
is always aspirated, and, as it were, doubled.
(Ringing Psellismus.)
Rotacisnial psellismus. S.
Traulotis, or Blæsitas. V. 258.
3. Psellismus, in which, the sound of the letter L,
is made more liquid. (Lalling* Psellismus.)
Lambdacismal psellismus. S.
4. Psellismus, in which, hard letters are changed
to softer, and the letter S, is very much used.
(Softening Psellismus.)
Psellismus traulotes.† S.
* From the word Lalle, used in hushing children to sleep.
† Traulosis is the faulty pronunciation of the letters S. and R. 

160 GENERA OF
5. Psellismus, in which, from a large, or a tumi-
syed tongue, the labial letters are better heard,
and are often made use of, in the place of others.
(Stuttering Psellismus.)
Stuttering psellismus. S.
Psellismus from ranula. S.
6. Psellismus, in which, the labial letters can
scarce, or not at all be pronounced. (Psellis-
mus Acheilos.)
Mogilalia* psellismus. S.
7. Psellismus, in which, from the palates being di-
vided, guttural letters are not so properly pro-
nounced. (Logostomal† Psellismus.)
Logostomal psellimus. S.
Jotacismal‡ psellismus. S.
G. CXIV. STRABISMUS.§
CHA. The optical axis of the eyes not converging.
Syn. Strabismus. S. 116. L. 304. V. 514. Sag. 222,
The species are.
1. Strabismus from a bad habit of only using one
eye. (Habitual Strabismus.)
Common strabismus. S.
2. Strabismus, from a greater debility or mobility
of one eye than the other; so that both eyes are
not conveniently used. (Convenient Strabis-
mus.)
Strabismus of Busson. S.
Spasmodic strabismus. S.
Paralytic strabismus. S.
Catarrhal strabismus. S.
* Mogalalia. An inability to pronounce labials.
† Logostoma. A hair lip.
‡ Jotacismal. From the letter J, called Jota.
[ § Cross Eyes. T. ] 
 

DISORDERS. 161
3. Strabismus from a change of situation or figure
of the parts of the eye. (Necessary Strabismus.)
Strabismus from luscitas, (or cross eyes.) 5.
Strabismus of those who have a film. S.
Strabismus from a displacement of the crystalline lens. S.
Strabismus of the near-sighted. S.
I am uncertain as to the
Equinoctial strabismus. S.
It appears to me, that the following are improper-
ly recited.
Symptomatic strabismus. S.
Lagopthalmic* strabismus. S.
G. CXV. DYSPHAGIA.†
CHA. Troublesomeness, hindering deglutition,
without an injury to respiration, or phlegmasia.
Syn. Dysphagia. S. 199. Sag. 216.
Acatapsios. V. 149.
The species recited by Sauvages, are.
1. Spasmodic
2. Hysteric
3. Paralytic
4. Pharyngeal
5. Oesophageal 
6. Of sucklings
7. Tussiculose
8. Hydrophobic
9. Nauseous
} Dysphagia.
10. Dysphagia from substances swallowed.
11. from datura.
12. from Sarcoma.
13. from schirrhous.
14. Canine 
15. Valsalvian 
16. Anuerismatic
} Dysphagia.
17. Dysphagia from loss or looseness of the teeth.
18. Do. from drought.
19. Do. from laxity of the palate.
X
* A retraction upwards, of the superior eye-lid, leaving the eye naked,
[ † Difficulty of Swallowing. T. ]

162 GENERA OF
G. GXVI. CONTRACTURA.*
CHA. A continued rigid contraction of one or
more joints.
Syn. Contractura. S. 119. L. 299. Sag. 225.
Obstipitas. 5. 11. 
Stiff head. V. 513.
Digitium. V. 221.
The species are.
1. Contractura, from contracted, rigid muscles.
(Primary Contractura.)
A. From muscles that are stiff from inflammation.
Painful contractura. S.
Arthritic contractura. S.
Catarrhal contractura. S.
Catarrhal obstipas. S.
B. From muscles that are rigid, from a spasm.
Spasmodic contractura. S.
Spasmodic obstipas. S.
Renewing obstipas. S.
Lateral ostipas. S.
Hypochondriac contractura. S.
C. From muscles that are contracted, on account
of their antagonists being paralytic.
Paralytic contractura. S.
Rachialgic contractura. S.
Bohemian contracture. S.
Nodding obstipas. S.
D. From muscles contracted, on account of an
acrimony irritating them.
Scorbutic contractura. S.
2. Contractura, from stiff joints. (Articular Con-
tractura.)
Contractura anchylosis.† S.
Syphilitic contractura. S.
Gibbose obstipas. S.
[ * Stiff Joint. T.]
† Anchylosis, is a uniting of the extremities of the bones at a joint. 

DISORDERS. 163
OR. IV. Profusion of the Fluids.
(Apocenoses.)
CHA. Fluxes of blood, or of other humours, slow-
ing more abundantly than usual.
Syn. Apocenoses. V. Cl. II. Or. II.
Fluxus. S. Cl. IX. Sag. Cl. V.
Evacuating disorders. L. Cl. IX.
G. XVII. PROFUSIO.*
CHA. A flux of blood.
Syn. Profusio. L. 239.
Hæmorrhagia. V. 81. Boerh.
The following, out of the sangui-fluxes, recited by
Sauvages, appear to belong to this place.
Passive hæmorrhagy. S.
Traumatic hæmoptysis. S.
Traumatic hæmatemesis. S.
Traumatic hæmaturia. S.
Violent hæmaturia. S.
Hæmorrhagy from a leach. S.
Hæmoptysis from a leach. S.
Hæmatemesis from a leach. S.
G. CXVIII. EPHIDROSIS.†
CHA. An unnatural evacuation of sweat.
Syn. Ephidrosis. S. 258. Sag. 194.
Sudor. L. 208.
Hydropedesis. V. 121.
The only idiopathic species is.
Spontaneous ephidrosis. S.
The symptomatic ephidroses vary according to the
variety of the disorder which they accompany,
[ * Hæmorrhage. T. ]
† I ackuowledge, that ephidrosis is not so properly placed among the local dis-
orders, but, as I found no fit place in our system of nosology for this disorder, I re-
cited it here, with other evacuatory disorders, that were in some manner relative
to it, least it should be altogether omitted. 

164 GENERA OF
and also, according to the variety of the dis-
charged sweat, and in some measure, according
to the diversity of the part chiefly sweating :—
Hence,
Febrile ephidrosis S.
Febricose ephidrosis. S.
Hectic ephidrosis. S.
Exanthematic ephidrosis. S.
Syncoptic ephidrosis. S.
Scorbutic ephidrosis. S.
Ephidrosis from suburra. S.
Lacteal ephidrosis. S.
Melleal ephidrosis. S.
Vineal ephidrosis. S.
Green ephidrosis. S.
Black ephidrosis. S.
Muddy ephidrosis. S.
Urinous ephidrosis. S.
Bloody ephidrosis. S.
Cærulean ephidrosis. S.
Acid ephidrosis. S.
Arenose ephidrosis. S.
Latteral ephidrosis. S.
G. CXIX. EPIPHORA.*
CHA. Flux of the lacrymal humour.
Spn. Epiphora. S. 259. L. 172. V. 99. Sag. 195.
None of the species recited by Sauvages, can be
accounted idiopathic, unless
Cold epiphora. S.
All the rest are symptomatic.
Epiphora from passion. S.
Opthalmic epiphora. S.
Hot epiphora. S.
Epiphora from the small-pox. S.
Arthritic epiphora. S.
Bloody epiphora. S.
Epiphora from an ulcer. S.
Epiphora from an exulceration in the greater canthus. S.
Epiphora from an extraversion of the palpebræ. S.
[ * Watery Eye. T. ] 

DISORDERS. 165
Epiphora from a cystic tumor of the letter canthus. S.
Sebaceous epiphora. S.
Lacteal epiphora. S.
G. CXX. PTYALISMUS.*
CHA. A flux of saliva.
Syn. Ptyalism. 5.261. L. 176. V. 103. Sag. 195.
If any ptyalism can be idiopathic, I would look
upon as one,
Ptyalism from laxaty. S.
All the following, are symptomatic.
Nauseous ptyalism. S.
Hypochondriac ptyalism. S.
Ptyalism of the gravid. S.
Ptyalism from pyrosis. S.
Lapponic ptyalism. S.
Febrile ptyalism. S.
Variolous ptyalism. S.
Arthritic ptyalism. S.
Phthesical ptyalism. S.
Scorbutic ptyalism. S.
Catarrhal ptyalism. S.
Apthose ptyalism. S.
Ptyalism from caries. S.
Purulent ptyalism. S.
Ptyalism from calculus. S.
Syphilitic ptyalism. S
Green ptyalism. S.
Urinose ptyalism. S.
Mercurial ptyalism. S.
G. CXXI. ENURRESIS.†
CHA. An involuntary discharge of urine from the
bladder, without pain.
Syn. Enuresis. 5. 264. L. 195. V. 113. Sag. 200.
The species are.
1. Enuresis, after disorders, injuring the sphincter 
of the bladder. (Atonic Enuresis.)
[ * Salivation. T. ]
[ ‡ Involuntary miction. T. ]

166
GENERA OF
Enuresis of those affected with hernia. S.
Enuresis of the puerperal. S.
Calculous enuresis. S.
Enuresis from fistula. S.
2. Enuresis from compression or irritation of the
bladder.
Enuresis of the gravid. S.
Catamenial enuresis. S.
Enuresis from congestion of milk in the breasts. S.
The symptomatics are,
Paralytic enuresis. S.
This cannot be looked upon as a disorder.
Enurefis of infants. S.
G. CXXII. GONORRHOEA.†
CHA. Preternatural flux of a humour, from the
urethra in males, with or without lust.
Syn. Gonorrhoea. S. 268: L. 200. V. 118. Sag. 204.
The species are.
1. Gonorrhoea, in which, without any preceding
impure venery, a puriform humour flows now
and then from the urethra, without dysuria, or
lust. (Pure Gonorrhoea.)
Pure gonorrhoea. S.
Benignant gonorrhoea. S.
2. Gonorrhoea, in which, after impure venery, a
puriform humour slows from the urethra, with
dysuria. (Impure Gonorrhoea.)
Syphilitic gonorrhoea. S.
Malignant gonorrhoea, of authors.
This is a consequent of the above.
Gonorrhoea, in which, after an impure gonorrhoea,
a mucous humour flows from the urethra now
and then, with very little, or no dysuria. (Mu-
cous Gonorrhoea.)
[ † Clap. T. ]

DISORDERS. 167
Gleet of the English.
3. Gonorrhoea, in which, a humour, for the most
part pellucid, now and then flows out from the
urethra, without an erection of the penis, but
with lust, whilst the person is awake. (Gonorr-
hoea of the Relaxed.)
Libidinose Gonorrhoea. S.
4. Gonorrhoea, in which, a seminal liquor is ejec-
ted, with erection and lust, in those asleep, from
a libidinose dream.
Gonorrhoea oneirogonos.* S.
These are spurious species, because the flux is not
from the urethra. (Gonorrhoea of the Sleeping.)
Spurious gonorrhoea. S. Astruc.
Gonorrhoea of balanus. S.
Or. V. Epischeses.
CHA. Suppressions of excretions.
Syn. Epischeses. V. Cl. III.
Suppressioni. L. Cl. VIII. Or. II.
Suppressiones. Sag. Cl. VI.
G. CXXIII. OBSTIPATIO.†
CHA. No dejection of fœces, or more seldom than
than usual.
Syn. Obstipatio. L. 166. V. 128. Sag. 221.
The species are.
1. Obstipatio in relaxed, debilitated, and for the
most part, dyspeptic men. (Obstipatio of the de-
bilitated.)
2. Obstipatio in men of rigid fibres, often in hy-
pochondriacs. (Obstipatio of the Rigid.)
* The dreaming on venereal scenes.
[ † Costiveness. T. ]

168 GENERA OF
3. Obstipatio, with symptoms of the 1st. 2d. 3d.
4th. or 7th. species of cholic above mentioned.
(Obstipatio of the Obstructed.)
G. CXXIV. ISCHURIA.*
CHA. Absolute suppression of urine.
Syn. Ischuria. S. 293. L. 167. V. 129. Sag. 212. Home. Lon.
Med. Obs. V. Ap.
The species are.
1. Ischuria, preceded by a disorder of the kid-
neys, with pain, or a troublesome sensation of
weight in the region of the kidneys, and without
a tumour of the hypogastrium, or stimulus to mic-
tion. (Renal Ischuria.)
It varies according to the variety of the cause :
Hence.†
a. Nephritic, from an inflammation of the kidneys. S.
b. Nephrolithic, from a calculus of the kidneys. S. Ed. Med.
Ess. II. 31.
c. Nephro-plethoric, from plethora. S.
d. Lunatic, periodical. S.
e. Nephrospastic, spasmodic. S.
f. Nephrelmintic, verminose. S.
g. Nephrothromboides, from grumous blood. S.
h. Nephropyic, from purulence of the kidneys. S.
i. Nephrophlegmatic, pituitous, or mucous. S.
k. Nephroplegic, paralytodeal. S.
1. Suppleta, from another evacuation being supplyed by it. S.
2. Ischuria, preceded by a disorder of the kidneys,
with a sense of pain, or sense of uneasiness in
some parts of the urethra, and without a tumour
of the hypogastrium, or stimulus to miction. (Ure-
teric Ischuria.)
It varies according to the variety of the cause:
hence,
[ * Suppression of Urine. T. ]
† I think that the excellent collection of Ischurial cases by CUSSON; altho'
they are not arranged according to methodical laws, should not be omitted. 

DISORDERS. 169
a. Ureteric, inflammatory. S.
b. Ureterolithic, calculous. S.
c. Ureterothromboidal, from grumous blood. S.
d. Ureterophlegmalic, from pituita. S.
e. Ureteropyica, purulent. S.
f. Ureterosiomatica, from a shutting up of the inferior orifice of
the ureters. S.
3. Ischuria, with tumour of the hypogastrium;
pain at the neck of the bladder, and frequent
stimulus to miction. (Vessical Ischuria.)
It varies according to the variety of the cause:
hence,
a. Cystic, from inflammation of the bladder. S.
b. Cystolithic, from a calculus of the bladder. S.
c. Cystospastic, from spasm of the sphincter of the bladder. S.
d. Cystoplegic, from palsy of the bladder. S.
e. Polyuric, from distended bladder, the urine being so long
withheld. S.
f. Cystopyic, purulent.
g. Cysothromboides, from grumous blood. S.
h. Cystophlegmatic, from mucous. S.
i. Ectopocystic, from displacement of the bladder. S.
k. Cystoproctic, from turgidness of the rectum, with balls, cal-
culi, flatus, inflammation, abscess, piles.
l. Hysterocystic, from the uterus. S.
m. Atretarum, from the menses being retained in the vagina. S.
n. Paradoxical, in which the bladder swells, notwithstanding a
dripping.
4. Ischuria, with tumour of the epigastrium, fre-
quent stimulus to miction, and pain in some part
of the urethra. (Urethral Ischuria.)
It varies according to the variety of the cause:
hence.
a. Pereneal, from a tumour of the pereneum. S.
b. Urethrolithic, from a calculus obstructing the urethra. S.
c. Urethrophlegmatic, from a mucous obstructing the urethra. S.
d. Urethrothromboidal, from grumous blood clotting up the
urethra. S.
e. Urethropyical, from pus filling up the urethra. S.
f. Urethrohymenodal, from a membrane closing up the urethra. S.
g. Urethrelmintic, verminose. S.
h. Urethritic, from an inflammation of the urethra. S.
Y 

170 GENERA OF
i. Carunculose, from disorders of the urethra (so called.) S.
k. Hydrocelodial, from a rupture of the urethra, opening into
the scrotum. S.
1. Cryptopycal, from retraction of the penis within the body. S.
m. Peredesmical, from too tight girding of the penis. S.
n. Phimosical, from phymosis. S.
o. Aspadial, from closing up of the urethra. S.
G. CXXV. DYSURIA.*
CHA. Painful, and in some measure, impeded
emission of urine.
Syn. Dysuria. S. 265. L. 57. V. 164. Sag. 213.
Stranguria of authors.
The species are.
1. Dysuria, with heat of urine, without an evident
disorder of the bladder. (Ardent Dysuria.)
Primary dysuria. S.
Dysuria, from cantharides taken into the body, or applied ex-
ternally. S.
Burning dysuria. S.
Dysuria of young maids. S.
2. Dysuria, from spasms of other parts connected
with the bladder. (Spasmodic Dysuria.)
Hysteric dysuria. S.
Rachialgic dysuria. S.
Diabetic dysuria. S.
Nephralgic dysuria. S.
3. Dysuria, from neighbouring parts pressing the
bladder. (Dysuria of compression.)
Dysuria of the gravid. S.
Cystocelic dysuria. S
Dysuria from crossing of the womb. S.
Dysuria of the imperforated. S.
4. Dysuria from inflammation of the neighbouring
parts. (Phlogistic Dysuria.)
Dysuria from hysteritis. S.
Hæmorrhoidal dysuria. S.
Venereal dysuria. S.
Dysuria from caruncle. S.
[* Obstruction of Urine. T. ] 

DISORDERS. 171
5. Dysuria, with symptoms of a calculus in the
bladder. (Irritated Dysuria.)
Calculus dysuria. S.
6. Dysuria, with a copious excretion of mucous.
(Mucous Dysuria.)
Glus. L. 200
Mucous pyuria. S.
Viscid pyuria. S.
A rare disorder of the bladder. Hoff.
Catarrh of the bladder, Lieutaud.
Arthritic pyuria. S.
I am uncertain about,
Dysuria from insects.S.
G. CXXVI. DYSPERMATISMUS.
CHA. A slow, impeded, and insufficient (for gene-
ration,) emission of semen, during the venereal
act.
Syn, Dyspermatismus. S. 260.
Sterilitas. L. 171. Sag. 211.
Agenesia. V. 283.
The species are.
1. Dysermatismus, from disorders of the urethra.
(Urethral Dyspermatismus.) S.
2. Dyspermatismus, from nodes of the corpus ca-
vernosum. (Nodose Dyspermatismus.) S.
3. Dyspermatismus, from too narrow an orifice of
the prepuce. (Preputial Dyspermatismus.) S.
4. Dyspermatismus from mucous, stuffing up the
urethra. (Mucous Dyspermatismus.) S.
5. Dyspermatismus, from too strong an erection
the penis. (Hypertonic Dyspermatismus.) S.
6. Dvspermatismus, from a spasmodic epilepsy
corning on during coition. (Epileptic Dysperma-
tismus.) S.
7. Dyspermatismus, from inacivity of the genitals.
(Apractodeal Dyspermatismus.) S. 

172 GENERA OF
8. Dysermatismus, in which there is no emission
of seed in coition, from its flowing back from
the urethra into the bladder. (Refluent Dysper-
ratismus.) S.
Of the serous dyspermatismus. S. I am not suffici-
ently certain.
G. CXXVII. AMENORRHOEA.*
CHA. The menses, at the time they usually flow,
either less than usual, or not flowing at all, with-
out pregnancy.
Syn. Amenorrhoea. V. 130.
Dysmenorrhoea. L. 168. S. 218.
The species are.
1. Amenorrhoea in adults, in which, after the usual
time of flowing, the menses have not then come
forth, and when, at the same time, various mor-
bid affections attend. (Amenorrhoea of Deten-
tion.)
2. Amenorrhoea in adults, in which, the menses,
which now had began to slow, are suppressed.
(Amenorrhoea of Suppression.)
3. Amennorrhoea, in which the menses flow spa-
ringly, and with pain. (Difficult Amenorrhoea.)
Difficult menorrhagia. S.
OR. IV. Tumours.
CHA. The size of a part increased, without inflam-
mation.
Syn. Protuberant tumours. L. Cl. X. Or. V.
G. CXXVIII. ANUERISM.
CHA. A soft, pulsating tumour, on an artery.
Syn. Anuerisma. S. 32. L. 282. V. 408. Sag. 35.
[ * Suppression of Menses T. ]

DISORDERS. 173
G. CXXIX. VARIX.
CHA. A soft, still tumour on a vein. 
Syn. Varix. S. 33. L. 282. V. 407. Sag. 36.
G. CXXX. ECCHYMOMA.
CHA. A diffused tumour, little eminent, and bluish.
Syn. Ecchymoma. S. 6. V. 451. Sag. 5.
Sugillatio. L. 230. 
G. CXXXI. SCHIRRUS.
CHA. A hard tumour of a part, for the most part
of a gland, not painful, difficultly suppurating.
Syn. Schirrhus. S. 14. L. 283. V. 374. Sag. 19. Boerh.
G. CXXXII. CANCER.
CHA. A painful schirrous tumour, going into an
ulcer of a bad kind.
Syn. Cancer. S. 20. V. 375. Sag. 25. Boerh.
G. CXXXIII. BUBO.
CHA. A suppurating tumour of a conglobate gland.
Syn. Bubo. L. 271.
Bubo. S. 16. V. 368. Sag. 21.
Parotis, S. 17. V. 370. Sag. 22.
G. CXXXIV. SARCOMA.
CHA. A soft extuberation, not painful.
Syn. Sarcoma. S. 23. L. 294. V. 376. Sag. 28.
Polypus. V. 377.
Porrus. V. 427.
G. CXXXV. VERRUCA.*
CHA. A harder extuberation, scabrous.
Syn. Verruca. S. 25. L. 277. V. 426. Sag. 30.
G. CXXXVI. CLAVUS.†
CHA. A hard thickening of the cuticle, lamellated.
Syn. Clavus. L. 278. V. 428.
[ * Wart. T. [ † Corn, T. ] 

174 GENERA OF
Callus, or Tylloma. V. 429.
G. CXXXVII. LUPIA.
CHA. A moveable, soft extuberation, beneath the
skin, not painful.
Syn. Lupia. S. 37. Sag. 40. 
Atheroma. L. 285.
Encystes. V. 420.
G. CXXXVIII. GANGLION.
CHA. An harder extuberation, moveable, fixed
on a tendon.
Syn. Ganglion. L. 287. V. 379.
G. CXXXIX. HYDATIS.
CHA. A cuticular vessicle filled with an aqueous
humour.
Syn. Hydatis. S. 34. Sag. 38.
Phlyctena. L. 273. V. 442.
G. CXL. HYDARTHUS.*
CHA. A tumour of the joints, chiefly of the knee,
at first a little eminent, of the colour of the skin,
very painful, and diminishing the mobility.
Syn. Hydarthus. S. 38.
White swelling of the English.
G. XLI. EXOTOSIS.
CHA. A hard tumour, situated on a bone.
Syn. Exostosis. S.29. L. 290. V. 417. Sag. 34.
Hyperostosis. V. 418.
OR. VII. Displacements. (Ectopiæ.)
CHA. A part moved from its place, making a tumour.
Syn. Ectopiæ. S. Cl. I. Or. VI. Sag. Cl. I. Or. VI.
G. CXLII. HERNIA.
CHA. Displacement of a soft part, still being co-
vered with the skin, and other integuments.
[ * White Swelling. T. ]

DISORDERS. 175
Syn. Hernia. L. 291. Gautius.
G. CXIII. PROLAPSUS.
CHA. A naked displacement of a soft part.
Prolapsus. L. 292.
Prolapsus & Providentia. Gaul.
G. CXLIV. LUXATIO. *
CHA. A bone moved from its seat in the joints.
Syn. Luxatio. Gaub. V. 472.
Exarthrema. S. 60. Sag. 67.
Diastasis. S. 61, Sag. 65.
Luxatura. L. 236.
Or. VIII. Solutions of Continuity.
(Dialyses.)
CHA. A solution of continuity, manifest to sight
or touch.
Syn. Plagæ. S. Cl. I. Or. VII. Sag. Cl. II.
Dyalitic vitia, and solutions of continuity. L. Cl. IX. Or. II.
Exulcerationes L. CL XI. Or. III.
Dissolutiones. V. Cl. X. Or. VI.
G. CXLV. VULNUS.†
CHA. A recent, bloody, solved union, of a soft
part, by the motion of a hard body.
Syn. Vulnus. S. 63. L. 240. V. 465. Sag. 78. Boerh.
Punctura. S. 64. L. 243. Sag. 79.
Laceratura. L 242.
Amputatura. S. 70. L. 243. Sag. 86.
G. CXLVI. ULCUS.§
CHA. A purulent, or ichorous solution of a soft part.
Syn. Ulcus. S. 71. L. 249. Sag. 89.
Exulceratio. S. 72. Sag. 90.
Sinus. S. 73. V. 492. Sag. 92.
Fistula. S. 74. L. 254. V. 491. Sag. 91. Boerh.
Cacoethes. L. 250. V. 485.
Phagedena. V. 488.
Moma. L. 251. V. 487.
[* Luxation. T.] [ † A Wound. T.] [ ‡ An Ulcer.T]

176 GENERA &c.
Ozaena. L. 253. V. 500.
Achor. A. 265. V. 494.
Crusta lactea. V. 494.
Therioma. V. 486.
Sycosis. V. 490.
G. CXLVII. HERPES.
CHA. Phlyctenæ, or many little ulcers in heaps,
extending, healing badly.
Herpes. S. 7. L. 268. V. 443. Sag. 11.
G. CXLVIII. TINEA.*
CHA. Liltle ulcers in the haired skin, at the roots
of the hairs, pouring out a humour, turning to a
white friable scab.
Tinea. A. 263. V. 497. Sag. 131.
G. CXLIX. PSORA.†
CHA. Pustules, and itching little ulcers, contagi-
ous ; afflicting the hand.
Syn. Psora. L. 265.
Scabies. S. 304. V. 444. Sag. 130.
G. CL. FRACTURA.‡
CHA. The parts of a bone, separated by force from
their cohesion, into large fragments.
Fractura. S. 67. L. 235. V. 468. Sag. 98. Boerh.
G. CLI. CARIES.§
CHA. The exulceration of a bone.
Syn. Caries. 5. 77. L. 255. V. 493. Sag. 94.
[* Scald Head. T.] [† Itch. T.] [ ‡ A Fracture. T. ]  [ § Rot. T.]
THE END.

INDEX OF GENERA.
A 
Genus. Page.
ADIPSIA, 108 15S
Agheustia, 99 150
Amarousis, 93 144
Amenorrhoea, 127 172
Amentia, 65 119
Anæsthesia, 100 150
Anasarca, 75 129
Anaphrodysia, 109 155
Anosmia, 93 149
Anorexia, 107 154
Anuerism, 128 172
Aphonia, 110 156
Apoplexy, 42 86
Aptha, 35 72
Arthrapousis, 25 63
Arthrodynia,  60
Ascites, 79 132
Asthma, 55 106
Atrophia. 70 126
B
Bite of a mad dog, 69 118
Bleeding at the nose, 36 73
Bubo, 133 173
Bulimia. 101 151
C
Caligo, 92 142
Cancer, 132 173
Canine appetite, 101 151
Carditis, 13 52
Z

178 INDEX OF GENERA.
Genus. Page.
Caries, 151 176
Catarrhus, 40 82
Chicken-pox, 27 65
Chlorosis, 49 98
Cholera, 60 113
Cholic, 59 110
Chorea, 51 102
Clavus, 136 173
Clap, 112 166
Corn, 136 173
Contractura, 116 162
Cold, 40 82
Continued fevers, 33 70
Consumption, 75
Convulsion, 50 101
Cross eyes, 114 160
Cynanche, 10 45
Cysterrhagia, 81
Cystitis. 20 57
D
Deafness, 96 147
Depraved hearing, 97 148
Depraved sight, 94 145
Depraved voice, 95 146
Diabetes, 112 157
Diarrhoea, 62 115
Difficult breathing, 61 113
Difficult menstruation, 56 107
Difficult miction, 127 170
Difficult discharge of semen, 125 170
Difficult swallowing, 126 171
Diminished or abolished hearing, 115 161
Diminished or abolished sight, 96 147
Diminished or abolished smelling, 93 144
Diminished or abolished taste, 98 149
Diminished or abolished touch, 99 150
Dropsy, 100 150
Dropsy of the head, 75 129
Dropsy of the scrotum, 76 131
Dropsy of the womb, 81 134
Dropsy of the breast, 78 131
Dropsy of the belly, 79 132
Dropsy of the joint, 77 131
Dumbness, 111 157
Dysecoea, 96 147
Dysentery, 48 85

INDEX OF GENERA. 179
Genus. Page. 
Dysopia, 94 145
Dyspepsia, 45 94
Dyspermatismus, 126 171
Dysphagia, 115 161
Dyspnoea, 56 107
Dysuria. 125 170
E
Ecchymoma, 130 173
Elephantiasis, 87 139
Emphysema, 
Empyema,  52
Enteritis, 16 54
Enuresis, 121 165
Ephidrosis, 118 163
Epiphora, 119 164
Erratics, 31
Epistaxis, 36 73
Erysipelas, 31 68 
Epilepsy, 53 103
Excessive fatness, 70 126
Excessive thirst, 92 152
Excessive sweating, 118 163
Excessive appetite, 101 151
Exostosis, 141 174
F
Fatuity, 65 119
Fainting, 44 93
Flux, 41 84
Fractura, 150 176
Framboesia. 89 140
G
Ganglion, 138 174
Gangrene, 42
Gastritis, 15 54
Gonorrhoea, 122 166
Gout, 24 61
Green sickness. 24 61
H
Hæmatemesis, 80
Hæmaturia, 81
Hectic, 39
Hæmorrhois, 38 76
Hæemorrhage, 117 163
Hepatitis, 17 55
Hernia, 142 74

l80 INDEX OF GENERA.
Genus. Page.
Herpes, 147 176
Hysteria, 63 116
Hysteritis, 21 58
Hooping-cough, 57 109
Hydrochephalus, 76 131
Hydatis, 139 174
Hydarthus, 140 174
Hydrometra, 80 133
Hydrophobia, 64 118
Hydrothorax, 78 131
Hypochondriasis, 46 97
Hydrocele, 81 134
Hydrorachitis. 77 131
I
Jaundice, 91 140
Icterus, 91 140
Indigestion (confirmed,) 45 94
Inflammation, 7 40
Inflammation of the bowels, 16 54
- of the bladder, 20 57
- of the breast, 11 48
- of the brain, 9 44
- of the eye, 8 43
- of the heart, 13 52
- of the intestines, 10 54
- of the kidneys, 19 57
- of the liver, 17 55
- of the peretoneum, 14 53
- of the stomach, 15 54
- of the spleen, 18 56
- of the throat, 10 45
- of the womb. 21 58
Itch, 149 176
Intermittents, 24
Involuntary miction, 121 168
Insensibility, 100 150
Ischuria. 124 168
K
King's evil. 84 137
L
Lax, 61 113
Lepra, 88 139
Leprosy of the Greeks, 88 139
Leprosy of the Arabians, 87 139
Lisping, 113 159

INDEX OF GENERA. 181
Genus. Page.
Lock'd jaw, 48 99
Loss of appetite, 107 154
Lupia, 137 174
Luxatio. 144 175
M
Madness,
Mania, 67 122
Melancholia, 66 120
Measles, 28 65
Menorrhagia, 39 78
Milliaria, 32 69
Mutitas. 111 157
N
Nephritis, 19 57
Nettle fever, 33 70 
Night mare, 68 124
Nostalgia, 106 154
Nymphomania. 105 153
O
Obstipatio, 123 167
Odontalgia, 23 60
Oneirodynia, 68 124
Opthalmia. 8 43
P
Palpitation, 54 105
Paracusis, 97 148
Paralysis, 43 90
Paraphonia, 112 157
Pemphigus, 34 71
Peritonitis, 14 53
Pertussis, 57 109
Pestis, 30 67
Phlogosis, 7 40
Phrenitis, 9 44
Phthesis, 75
Physconia, 82 134
Physometra, 74 129
Pica, 93 152 
Piles, 38 76
Pissing of blood,  81
Plague, 30 67
Pneumonia, 11 48
Pneumatosis, 72 127
Podagra, 24 61
Polydipsia, 92 152

182 INDEX OF GENERA.
Genus. Page.
Polysarca, 71 127
Prolapsus, 143 175
Profusio, 113 159
Pselismus, 117 163
Pseudoblepsis, 95 146
Psora, 149 176
Ptyalism, 120 165
Pyrosis. 58 109
Q
Quartan, 2 29
Quotidian. 3 31
R
Rachitis, 83 136
Raphonia, 52 102
Rheumatism acute, 22 58
Rheumatism chronic, 60
Rickets, 83 136
Rubeola. 28 65
S
Salivation, 120 165
Sarcoma, 134 173
Satyriasis, 104 153
Scald head, 148 176
Schirrus, 131 173
Scorbutus, 86 138
Scrophula, 84 137
Scurvy, 86 138
Small-pox, 26 64
Sphacelus,  42
Splenitis, 18 56
Spitting of blood. 37 74
Stiff joint, 116 162
Stomacace, 97
St. Anthony's fire, 31 68
St. Vitus's dance, 51 102
Strabismus, 114 160
Suppuration, 42
Synochus, 6 38
Synocha, 4 34
Syncope, 44 93
Syphilis. 85 137
T
Tabes, 69 125
Tetanus, 48 99
Tertian, 1 24

INDEX OF GENERA. 183
Genus. Page.
Tinea, 148 176
Tooth-ach, 23 60
Thrush, 35 72
Tremor, 92
Tricoma, 90 140 
Tympanites, 73 128
Typhus, 5 135
Tympany of the womb. 74 124
V
Varicella, 27 65
Variola, 26 64
Varix, 129 173
Vessicatory fever, 34 71
Verrucca, 135 173
Venereal disease, 85 137
Ulcus, 146 175
Vomica, 52
Vomiting of blood, 80
Vomiting of bile, 60 113
Urticaria, 33 70
Vulnus 145 175
W
Water brash, 58 109
Wart, 135 173
Wound. 145 175
Y 
Yaws. 89 140

Catalogue of Disorders omitted by us, which perhaps ought not. See page 11.
A GLACTATIO. L. 
Agalaxis. V. } Defect of milk.
Alopecia. The hair falling off, with desquamation.
Anchylops. A suppurating tumour on the inner canthus of the eye.
Ægilops. An ulcerated anchylops.
Anchylosis. L. } Tumour of the knees and capsular ligament, the
sinovia being expressed.
Anchylosis. V. Stiffness of the joints, hindering flexion & extension.
Angina. S. & L.
Antipathy.
Bereberia. Contraction of the knees, with tremor, hoarseness, &c.
Cardiogmus. } A very troublesome sensation at the precordia, of
weight and pulsation, increased by motion.
Cephalea. An acute internal head-ach.
Cephalalgia. A dull external head-ach.
Distortion.
Aglutitio. 
Acataposis. } Impeded deglutition.
Œsaphagismus. Painful, hindered deglutition.
Dystosia. Pains in the gravid, with parturient efforts.
Parturition, and other disorders of the gravid and parturient.
Elcosis. Numerous or large ulcers, with hectic fever.
Essera. Nettle rash.
Hemicrania. Pain down half the head.
The whites, from local faults.
Stone in the uropeotic organs, and other parts of the body.
Malis. Tumours, often purulent or ulcerous, with worms in them.
Cocyta. L. Poison animalcula, inserted into a part.
Malena. Black disorder.
Melasicterus. 
Melanchorus. } Black jaundice. V.
Myocoilitas. Inflammation of the abdominal muscles.
Necrosis. Dry mortification.
Odaxismus. Pain of the gums in dentition.
Dentition, and other disorders of infants.
Palsy of a particular part, from a fault in the muscles.
Physocephalus. A tumour of the head, crackling on pressure.
Pnigma. } Difficult respiration, with sudden interruptions of
sense, motion, and circulation.
Suffocating catarrh of authors.
Pyuria. Miction of whitish matter, or viscid mucous.
Puoturia. Miction of pus.
Sterility of both sexes.—Acysis of V.
Stymatosis. Hæmorrhage from the penis.
Tarantismus. Disorder from the bite of a tarantula.
Poison.
Worms.
THE END.