COUNT
OF THE
MALIGNANT FEVER,
LATELY PREVALENT IN
PHILADELPHIA:
WITH A STATEMENT OF THE
PROCEEDINGS
THAT TOOK PLACE ON THE SUBJECT, IN DIFFERENT
PARTS OF THE
UNITED STATES.
TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
ACCOUNTS
OF THE
Plague in London and Marseilles;
AND A LIST Of THE DEAD,
From August 1, to the middle of December, 1793.
BY MATHEW CAREY.
FOURTH EDITION, IMPROVED.
PHILADELPHIA:
PRINTED BY THE AUTHOR.
January 16, 1794.



To the American Philosophical Society.
GENTLEMEN,
WITH due deference, I presume
to dedicate to you the fol-
lowing pages, in which I have
endeavoured to give as faithful an
account as possible, of the dreadful
calamity we have just experienced.
I am, gentlemen,
With esteem.
Your obedt. humble servant,
MATHEW CAREY.

Number XLVII.
District of Pennsylvania, to wit—-
(L. S.) BE it remembered, that on the thirteenth
day of November, in the eighteenth year
of the independence of the united states of America,
Mathew Carey, of the said district hath deposited in
this office, the title of a book, the right whereof he
claims as author, in the words following, to wit:
" A short account of the malignant fever lately
" prevalent in Philadelphia, with a statement of the
" proceedings that took place on the subject in different
" parts of the united states. By Mathew Carey."
In conformity to, the act of the congress of the unit-
ed states, intituled, " An act for the encouragement of
" learning; by securing the copies of maps, charts,
" and books, to the authors and proprietors of such
" copies, during the times therein mentioned."
SAMUEL CALDWELL, Clerk of
the district of Pennsylvania. 

PREFACE
TO THE
FIRST EDITION.
Philadelphia, Nov. 13, 1793.
THE favourable reception given to the imperfect
account of the fever which I lately published,
and the particular desire of some of my friends,
have induced me to undertake a more satisfactory
history of it, in order to collect together, while
facts are recent, as many of the most interesting oc-
currences as I could, for the information of the
public.
I have not attempted any embellishment or orna-
ment of stile ; but have merely aimed at telling
plain facts in plain language. I have taken every
precaution to arrive at the truth ; and hope the er-
rors in the account, will not be found numerous.
For the desultory plan of some part of the pam-
phlet, I have to offer the following apology ; many
of the circumstances and reflections towards the con-
clusion, which would have come with more propriety
in the beginning, did not occur, until some of the
first half-sheets were not only written, but printed.
I had no choice, therefore, but either to omit them,
or place them somewhat out of order. I preferred
the latter.
Most of the facts mentioned have fallen under my
own observation. Those of a different description, I
have been assiduous to collect from every person of
credibility, possessed of information.
Desirous of having this account correct and com-
plete, I have printed off but a small number of copies
of the present edition : and shall esteem myself most
particularly obliged to any person who will be so

(vi)
kind to point out errors, to be corrected in, or sug-
gest facts, to be added to, a new edition, which I pro-
pose to put to press very soon, and which will, I hope,
be found more ample than the present one.
PREFACE to the SECOND EDITION.
November 23, 1793.
WHEN I published the first edition of this pam-
phlet, it was my intention to have greatly
enlarged it for a second one, and to have new-model-
led it, so as to preserve a connexion between its seve-
ral parts, in which it is extremely deficient. But its
speedy sale, and the demand for more copies, render it
impossible for me to do more, at present, than make
such corrections as the kindness of a few friends has
led them to point out.
In giving an account of the proceedings that took
place on the subject of the disorder, throughout the
union, I have suppressed many a harsh comment, which
was forcing itself on me ; from the reflexion, that in
similar circumstances, we might perhaps have been
equally severe. And to perpetuate animosities, is per-
forming a very unfriendly office. They are easily ge-
nerated ; but their extinction is a work of time and
difficulty. Let us, therefore, (especially when we
" hold the mirror up to nature" at home,) not only
forgive, but even forget, if possible, all the unpleasant
treatment our citizens have experinced. 
I have heard more than one person object to the ac-
count of the shocking circumstances that occurred in
Philadelphia, as pourtraying the manners of the peo-
ple in an unfavourable light. If that be the case, the
fault is not mine. I am conscious I have not exaggera-
ted the matter. But I do not conceive it can have that
effect ; for it would be as unjust and injudicious to
draw the character of Philadelphia from the proceedings
of a period of horror and affright, when all the " mild
charities of social life" were suppressed by regard for

(vii)
self, as to stamp eternal infamy on a nation, for the
atrocities perpetrated in times of civil broils, when
all the " angry passions" are roused into dreadful
and ferocious activity.
PREFACE to the THIRD EDITION.
November 30, 1793.
THIS pamphlet comes before the public a third
time, and, in some measure, in a new form. I
have reduced it to as methodical a state, as in my
power, but not as much so as I could wish, nor, I fear, as
the reader may expect. To one merit only do I lay claim
in the, compilation ; that is, of having meant well. If,
on a fair perusal, the candid allow me that, I am satis-
fied to have the execution censured with all the seve-
rity of which criticism is capable. However, I beg leave
to inform the reader, that this day ends one month,
since the writing of the pamphlet commenced. I know
that the shortness of the time employed, is no justifi-
cation of a bad performance ; but it may somewhat
extenuate the defects of a middling one.
I have found several objections made to parts of it.
Most of them I have removed. Some few, resting on
the sentiments of individuals, directly contrary to
my own judgment, I have passed over. For, until my
reason is convinced, I cannot change my opinion for
that of any person whatever.
To those gentlemen who have been so kind to fur-
nish me with facts to enlarge and improve the work,
I profess myself under great obligations. I request them
to continue their kindness; as, if public favour should,
give this trifle a fourth edition, I shall add all that
may be communicated in the interim; otherwise I
shall probably publish separately what may be worthy
of the public eye. 

PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION
Jan. 16, 1794.
THE uncommon degree of favour which this
pamphlet has experienced, has impressed me
with lively sentiments of gratitude. As the only pro-
per return in my power, I have, in each successive
edition, used every endeavour to improve it.
In the number of victims to the late calamity, there
were many strangers,—-among whom were probably
some, by whose death, estates have fallen to heirs at a
distance. It being, therefore, of great importance to ex- 
tend and improve the list of the dead, and to remedy the
extreme inaccuracy of the sextons' returns, I employed
suitable persons to go thro' the city and liberties, and
make enquiry at every house, without exception, for
the names and occupations of the dead. The disoblig-
ing temper of some, and the fears of others, that an
improper use would be made of the information they
could have given, have, in various instances, defeated
my purpose. Imperfect as the list still remains, I hope
it will be found useful in removing anxious doubts,
and conveying to persons in different countries, the
melancholy information of the decease of relatives,
which, but for such a channel of communication,
would, in many cases, be difficult, if not impossible to
acquire for years to come.
To the present edition, I have added a short ac-
count of the plague at London, and at Marseilles.
On a comparison, the reader will be struck with
astonishment, at the extraordinary similarity be-
tween many of the leading and most important cir-
cumstances that occurred in thole two places, and 
the events of September and October, 1793, in Phi-
ladelphia. 

A SHORT ACCOUNT, &c.
Chap. I. State of Philadelphia previous to the appearance of
the malignant fever—-with a few observations on some
of the probable consequences of that calamity.
BEFORE I enter on the consideration of this dis-
order, it may not be improper to offer a few in-
troductory remarks on the situation of Philadelphia
previous to its commencement, which will reflect
light on some of the circumstances mentioned in the
course of the narrative.
The manufactures, trade, and commerce of this
city, had, for a considerable time, been improving
and extending with great rapidity. From the period
of the adoption of the federal government, at which
time America was at the lowest ebb of distress, her
situation had progressively become more and more
prosperous. Confidence, formerly banished, was uni-
versally restored. Property of every kind, rose to,
and in some instances beyond, its real value : and a few
revolving years exhibited the interesting spectacle of
a young country, with a new form of government,
emerging from a state which approached very near to
anarchy, and acquiring all the liability and nerve of
the best-toned and oldest nations.
In this prosperity, which revived the almost-extin-
guished hopes of four millions of people, Philadelphia
participated in an eminent degree. Numbers of new
houses, in almost every street, built in a very neat,
elegant stile, adorned, at the same time that they
greatly enlarged, the city. Its population was extend-
ing fast. House-rent had risen to an extravagant
height ; it was in many cases double, and in some
B 

(10)
treble what it had been a year or two before ; and,
as is generally the case, when a city is advancing in
prosperity, it far exceeded the real increase of trade.
The number of applicants for houses, exceeding the
number of houses to be let, one bid over another;
and affairs were in such a situation, that many people,
though they had a tolerable run of business, could
hardly do more than clear their rents, and were,
literally, toiling for their landlords alone*. Luxury,
the usual, and perhaps inevitable concomitant of pros-
perity, was gaining ground in a manner very alarm-
ing to those who considered how far the virtue, the
liberty, and the happiness of a nation depend on its
temperance and sober manners.-—Many of our citi-
zens had been, for some time, in the imprudent habit
of regulating their expenses by prospects formed
in sanguine hours, when every probability was caught
at as a certainty, not by their actual profits, or in-
come. The number of coaches, coachees, chairs, &c.
lately set up by men in the middle rank of life, is
hardly credible. Not to enter into a minute detail,
let it suffice to remark, that extravagance, in various
forms, was gradually eradicating the plain and whole-
some habits of the city. And although it were pre-
sumption to attempt to scan the decrees of heaven,
yet few, I believe, will pretend to deny, that some-
thing was wanting to humble the pride of a city,
which was running on in full career, to the goal of
prodigality and dissipation.
However, from November 1792, to the end of last
June, the difficulties of Philadelphia were extreme.
The establishment of the bank of Pennsylvania, in
embryo for the most part of that time, had arrested in
the two other banks such a quantity of the circulat-
ing specie, as embarrassed almost every kind of busi-
ness ; to this was added the distress arising from
the very numerous failures in England, which had
* The distress arising from this source, was perhaps the only
exception to the general observation of the flourishing situa-
tion of Philadelphia. 

(11)
extremely harrassed several of our capital merchants.
During this period, many men experienced as great
difficulties as were ever known in this city*. But
the commencement, in July, of the operations of the
bank of Pennsylvania, conducted on the most generous
and enlarged principles, placed business on its for-
mer favourable footing. Every man looked forward
to this fall as likely to produce a vast extension of
trade. But how fleeting are all human views! how
uncertain all plans founded on earthly appearances !
All these flattering prospects vanished " like the base-
less fabric of a vision."
In July, arrived the unfortunate fugitives from
Cape François. And on this occasion, the liberality
of Philadelphia was displayed in a most respectable
point of light. Nearly 12,000 dollars were in a few
days collected for their relief. Little, alas ! did many
of the contributors, then in easy circumstances, ima-
gine, that a few weeks would leave their wives and
children dependent on public charity, as has since
unfortunately happened. An awful instance of the
rapid and warning vicissitudes of affairs on this tran-
sitory stage.
About this time, this destroying scourge, the ma-
lignant fever, crept in among us, and nipped in the
bud the fairest blossoms that imagination could form.
And oh! what a dreadful contrast has since taken
place ! Many women, then in the lap of ease and con-
tentment, are bereft of beloved husbands, and left
with numerous families of children to maintain, un-
qualified for the arduous task-—many orphans are
destitute of parents to foster and protect them--many
entire families are swept away, without leaving " a
trace behind" —many of our first commercial houses
are totally dissolved, by the death of the parties, and
* It is with great pleasure, I embrace this opportunity of de-
claring, that the very liberal conduct of the bank of the united
states, at this trying season, was the means of saving many a
deserving and industrious man from ruin. No similar institution
was ever conduced on a more favourable, and at the same time,
prudent plan, than this bank adopted at the time here mentioned. 

(12)
their affairs are necessarily left in so deranged a state,
that the losses and distresses which must take place,
are beyond estimation. The protests of notes for a
few weeks past, have exceeded all former examples;
for a great proportion of the merchants and traders
having left the city, and been totally unable, from the
stagnation of business, and diversion of all their ex-
pected resources, to make any provision for payment,
most of their notes have been protested, as they be-
came due*.
For these prefatory observations, I hope I shall be
pardoned. I now proceed to the melancholy subject I
have undertaken. May I be enabled to do it justice ;
and lay before the reader a complete and correct ac-
count of the most awful visitation that ever occurred
in America. At first view, it would appear that Phi-
ladelphia alone felt the scourge ; but its effects have
spread in almost every direction through a great por-
tion of the union. Many parts of Jersey, Delaware,
Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and
Georgia, exclusive of the back settlements of Penn-
sylvania, drew their supplies, if not wholly, at least
principally, from Philadelphia, which was of course
the mart whither they sent their produce. Cut off from
this quarter, their merchants have had to seek out
other markets, which being unprepared for such an
increased demand, their supplies have been imperfect;
and, owing to the briskness of the sales, the prices
have been, naturally enough, very considerably en-
hanced. Besides, they went to places in which their
credit was not established—-and had in most cases to
advance cash. And many country dealers have had no
opportunity of sending their produce to market, which
has consequently remained unsold. Business, therefore,
has languished in many parts of the union ; and it is
* The bank of the united states, on the 15th of October,
passed a resolve, empowering the cashier to renew all discounted
notes, when the same drawers and indorsers were offered, and
declaring that no notes should be protested, when the indorsers
bound themselves in writing, to be accountable in the same man-
ner as in cases of protest. 

(13)
probable, that, considering the matter merely in a
commercial point of light, the shock caused by the
fever, has been felt to the southern extremity of
the united states.
CHAP. II.—-Symptoms-—a slight sketch of the mode of
treatment.
" THE symptoms which characterised the first
stage of the fever, were, on the greatest num-
ber of cases, after a chilly fit of some duration, a
quick, tense pulse-—hot skin-—pain in the head, back,
and limbs—-flushed countenance—-inflamed eye—-
moist tongue-—oppression and sense of soreness at the
stomach, especially upon pressure—-frequent sick
qualms, and retchings to vomit, without discharging
any thing, except the contents last taken into the sto-
mach—-costiveness, &c. And when stools were procur-
ed, the first generally showed a defect of bile, or an
obstruction to its entrance into the intestines. But brisk
purges generally altered this appearance.
" These symptoms generally continued with more
or less violence from one to three, four, or even five
days ; and then gradually abating, left the patient free
from every complaint, except general debility. On
the febrile symptoms suddenly subsiding, they were
immediately succeeded by a yellow tinge in the opaque
cornea, or whites of the eyes—-an increased oppression
at the præcordia-—a constant puking of every thing
taken into the stomach, with much straining, accom-
panied with a hoarse, hollow noise.
" If these symptoms were not soon relieved, a vo-
miting of matter, resembling coffee grounds in colour
and consistence, commonly called the black vomit,
sometimes accompanied with, or succeeded by hæ-
morrhages from the nose, fauces, gums, and other
parts of the body—-a yellowish purple colour, and pu-
trescent appearance of the whole body, hiccup, agita-
tions, deep and distressed sighing, comatose delirium,
and finally, death. When the disease proved fatal, it
was generally between the fifth and eighth days. 

(14)
" This was the most usual progress of this formi-
dable disease, through its several stages. There were,
however, very considerable variations in the symp-
toms, as well as in the duration of its different stages,
according to the constitution and temperament of
the patient, the state of the weather, the manner of
treatment, &c.
" In some cases, signs of putrescency appeared at the
beginning, or before the end of the third day. In
these, the black vomiting, which was generally a
mortal symptom, and universal yellowness, appeared
early. In these cases, also, a low delirium, and great
prostration of strength, were constant symptoms, and
coma came on very speedily.
" In some, the symptoms inclined more to the ner-
vous than the inflammatory type. In these, the jaun-
dice colour of the eye and skin, and the black vomit-
ing, were more rare. But in the majority of cases,
particularly after the nights became sensibly cooler, all
the symptoms indicated violent irritation and inflam-
matory diathesis. In these cases, the skin was always
dry, and the remissions very obscure.
" The febrile symptoms, however, as has been al-
ready observed, either gave way on the third, fourth,
or fifth day, and then the patient recovered; or
they were soon after succeeded by a different, but
much more dangerous train of symptoms, by debility,
low pulse, cold skin, (which assumed a tawny colour,
mixed with purple) black vomiting, hæmorrhages,
hiccup, anxiety, restlessness, coma, &c. Many, who
survived the eighth day, though apparently out of
danger, died suddenly in consequence of an hæmor-
rhage*."
This disorder having been new to nearly all our
physicians, it is not surprising, although it has been
exceedingly fatal, that there arose such a discordance
of sentiment on the proper mode of treatment, and
even with respect to its name. Dr. Rush has acknow-
* For this account of the symptoms of the disorder, I am
indebted to the kindness of dr. Currie, from whole letter to
dr. Senter, it is extracted. 

(15)
ledged, with a candour that does him honour, that
in the commencement, he so far mistook the nature of
the disorder, that in his early essays, having depend-
ed on gentle purges of salts to purify the bowels of
his patients, they all died. He then tried the mode of
treatment adopted in the West Indies, viz. bark,
wine, laudanum, and the cold bath, and failed in three
cases out of four. Afterwards he had recourse to strong
purges of calomel and jalap, and to bleeding, which
he found attended with singular success.
The honour of the first essay of mercury in this dis-
order, is by many ascribed to dr. Hodge and dr. Car-
son, who are said to have employed it a week before
dr. Rush. On this point, I cannot pretend to decide.
But whoever was the first to introduce it, one thing is
certain, that its efficacy was great, and rescued many
from death. I have known, however, some persons,
who, I have every reason to believe, fell families
to the great reputation this medicine acquired ; for
in several cases it was administered to persons of a
previous lax habit, and brought on a speedy disso-
lution.
I am credibly informed that the demand for purges
of calomel and jalap, was so great, that some of the a-
pothecaries could not mix up every dose in detail;
but mixed a large quantity of each, in the ordered
proportions; and afterwards divided it into doses ;
by which means, it often happened that one patient
had a much larger portion of calomel, and another of
jalap, than was intended by the doctors. The fatal
consequences of this may be easily conceived.
An intelligent citizen, who has highly distinguished
himself by his attention to the sick, says, that he found
the disorder generally come on with costiveness; and
unless that was removed within the first twelve hours,
he hardly knew any person to recover; on the con-
trary, he says, as few died, on whom the cathartics
operated within that time.
The efficacy of bleeding, in all cases not attended
with putridity, was great. The quantity of blood
taken was in many cases astonishing. Dr. Griffits was 

(16)
bled seven times in five days, and appears to ascribe
his recovery principally to that operation. Dr. Mease,
in five days, lost seventy-two ounces of blood, by
which he was recovered when at the lowest stage of
the disorder. Many others were bled still more, and
are now as well as ever they were.
Dr. Rush and dr. Wistar have spoken very favour-
ably of the salutary effects of cold air, and cool drinks,
in this disorder. The latter says, that he found more
benefit from cold air, than from any other remedy.
He lay delirious, and in severe pain, between a win-
dow and door, the former of which was open. The
wind suddenly changed, and blew full upon him, cold
and raw. Its effects were so grateful, that he soon reco-
vered from his delirium—-his pain left him-—in an
hour he became perfectly reasonable-—and his fever
abated.
A respectable citizen who had the fever himself, and
likewise watched its effects on eleven of his family,
who recovered from it, has informed me, that a re-
moval of the sick from a close, warm room to one a
few degrees cooler, which practice he employed seve-
ral times daily, produced a most extraordinary and
favourable change in their appearance, in their pulse,
and in their spirits.
CHAP. III.—-First alarm in Philadelphia. Flight of the
citizens. Guardians of the poor borne down with labour.
IT was some time before the disorder attracted public
notice. It had in the mean while swept off many
persons. The first death that was a subject of general
conversation, was that of Peter Aston, on the 19th of
August, after a few days illness. Mrs. Lemaigre's, on
the day following, and Thomas Miller's, on the 25th,
with those of some others, after a short sickness,
spread an universal terror.
The removals from Philadelphia began about the
25th or 26th of this month: and so great was the ge-
neral terror, that, for some weeks, carts, waggons,
coachees, and chairs, were almost constantly transport- 

(17)
ing families and furniture to the country in every
direction. Many people shut up their houses wholly ;
others left servants to take care of them. Business
then became extremely dull. Mechanics and artists
were unemployed ; and the streets wore the appear-
ance of gloom and melancholy. 
The first official notice taken of the disorder, was
on the 22d of August, on which day the mayor of
Philadelphia, Matthew Clarkson, esq. wrote to the
city commissioners, and after acquainting them with
the state of the city, gave them the most peremptory
orders, to have the streets properly cleansed and pur-
rified by the scavengers, and all the filth immediately
hawled away. These orders were repeated on the 27th,
and similar ones given to the clerks of the market.
The 26th of the same month, the college of phy-
sicians had a meeting, at which they took into consi-
deration the nature of the disorder, and the means
of prevention and of cure. They published an address
to the citizens, signed by the president and secretary
recommending to avoid all unnecessary intercourse
with the infected ; to place marks on the doors or
windows where they were ; to pay great attention
to cleanliness and airing the rooms of the sick ; to
provide a large and airy hospital in the neighbour-
hood of the city for their reception ; to put a stop to
the tolling of the bells; to bury those who died of
the disorder in carriages, and as privately as possible ;
to keep the streets and wharves clean ; to avoid all
fatigue of body and mind, and standing or sitting
in the sun, or in the open air ; to accommodate the
dress to the weather, and to exceed rather in warm
than in cool clothing; and to avoid intemperance ; 
but to use fermented liquors, such as wine, beer and
cider, with moderation. They likewise declared their
opinion, that fires in the streets were very danger-
ous, if not ineffectual means of stopping the progress
of the fever, and that they placed more dependance
on the burning of gunpowder. The benefits of vine-
gar and camphor, they added, were confined chiefly
to infected rooms ; and they could not be too often
C 

(18)
used on handkerchiefs, or in smelling bottles, by per-
sons who attended the sick.
In consequence of this address, the bells were im-
mediately stopped from tolling. The expedience of
this measure was obvious ; as they had before been
constantly ringing almost the whole day, so as to ter-
rify those in health, and drive the sick, as far as the
influence of imagination could produce that effect,
to their graves. An idea had gone abroad, that the
burning of fires in the streets, would have a tendency
to purify the air, and arrest the progress of the dis-
order. The people had, therefore, almost every night,
large fires lighted at the corners of the streets. The
29th, the mayor, conformably with the opinion of the
college of physicians, published a proclamation, for-
bidding this practice. As a substitute, many had re-
course to the firing of guns, which they imagined was
a certain preventative of the disorder. This was car-
ried so far, and attended with such danger, that it was
forbidden by an ordinance of the mayor.
The 29th, the governor of the state wrote a letter to
the mayor, strongly enforcing the necessity of the most
vigorous and decisive exertions " to prevent the ex-
tension of, and to destroy, the evil." He desired that
the various directions given by the college of physi-
cians, should be carried into effect. The same day, in
his address to the legislature, he acquainted them, that
a contagious disorder existed in the city ; and that he
had taken every proper measure to ascertain the ori-
gin, nature, and extent of it. He likewise assured them
that the health-officer and physician of the port,
would take every precaution to allay and remove
the public inquietude.
The number of the infected daily increasing, and the
existence of an order against the admission of persons
labouring under infectious diseases into the alms-
house, precluding them from a refuge there*, some
* At this period, the number of paupers in the alms-house
was between three and four hundred ; and the managers, ap-
prehensive of spreading the disorder among them, enforced the
abovementioned order, which had been entered into a long

(19)
temporary place was requisite ; and three of the guar-
dians of the poor, about the 26th of August, took
possession of the circus, in which mr. Ricketts had
lately exhibited his equestrian feats, being the only
place that could be then procured for the purpose.
Thither they sent seven persons afflicted with the ma-
lignant fever, where they lay in the open air for some
time, and without any assistance†. Of these, one
crawled out on the commons, where he died at a dis-
tance from the houses. Two died in the circus, one
of whom was seasonably removed ; the other lay in a
state of putrefaction for above forty eight hours, ow-
ing to the difficulty of procuring any person to re-
move him. On this occasion occurred an instance of
courage in a servant girl, of which at that time few
men were capable. The carter, who finally undertook
to remove the corpse, having no assistant, and being
unable alone to put it into the coffin, was on the
point of relinquishing his design, and quitting the
place. The girl perceived him, and understanding the
difficulty he laboured under, offered her services,
provided he would not inform the family with
whom she lived‡. She accordingly helped him to put
the body into the coffin, tho' it was, by that time,
crawling with maggots, and in the most loathsome
state of putrefaction. It gives me pleasure to add,
that she still lives, notwithstanding her very hazard-
ous exploit.
The inhabitants of the neighbourhood of the cir-
cus took the alarm, and threatened to burn or destroy
it, unless the sick were removed; and it is believed
they would have actually carried their threats into
execution, had compliance been delayed a day longer.
The 29th, seven of the guardians of the poor had
a conference with some of the city magistrates on the
time before. They, however, supplied beds and bedding, and
all the money in their treasury, for their relief, out of that
house.
† High wages were offered for nurses for these poor people,
—-but none could be procured. 
‡ Had they known of the circumstance, an immediate dismis-
sal would have been the consequence.

(20)
subject of the fever, at which it was agreed to be
indispensably necessary, that a suitable house, as an
hospital, should be provided near the city, for the
reception of the infected poor.
In consequence, in the evening of the same day, the
guardians of the poor agreed to sundry resolutions,
viz. to use their utmost exertions to procure a house,
of the above description, for an hospital, (out of town,
and as near thereto as might be practicable, consistent
with the safety of the inhabitants,) for the poor who
were or might be afflicted with contagious disorders,
and be destitute of the means of providing necessary
assistance otherwise; to engage physicians, nurses, at-
tendants, and all necessaries for their relief in that
house ; to appoint proper persons in each district, to
enquire after such poor as might be afflicted; to ad-
minister assistance to them in their, own houses, and,
if necessary, to remove them to the hospital. They
reserved to themselves, at the same, time, the liberty
of drawing on the mayor for such sums as might be
necessary to carry their plans into effect.
Conformably with these resolves, a committee of
the guardians was appointed, to make enquiry for a 
suitable place ; and on due examination, they judged
that a building adjacent to Bushhill, the mansion-
house of William Hamilton, esq. was the best calcu-
lated for the purpose. That gentleman was then ab-
sent, and had no agent in the city ; and the great
urgency of the case admitting no delay, eight of
the guardians, accompanied by Hilary Baker, esq. 
one of the city aldermen, with the concurrence of the
governor, proceeded, on the 31st of August, to the
building they had fixed upon; and meeting with
some opposition from a tenant who occupied if, they
took possession of the mansion-house itself, to which;
on the same evening, they sent the four patients who
remained at the circus.
Shortly after this, the guardians of the poor for
the city, except James Wilson, Jacob Tomkins.
jun. and William Sansom, ceased the performance 
of their duties, nearly the whole of them having 

(21)
removed out of the city. Before this virtual va-
cation of office, they passed a resolve against the ad-
mission of any paupers whatever into the alms-house
during the prevalence of the disorder*. The whole
care of the poor of the city, the providing for
Bush-hill, sending the sick there, and burying the
dead, devolved, therefore, on the above three guar-
dians.
CHAP. IV. General despondency. Deplorable scenes.
Frightful view of human nature. A noble and exhilara-
ting contrast.
THE consternation of the people of Philadelphia,
at this period, was carried beyond all bounds.
Dismay and affright were visible in almost every per-
son's countenance. Most of those who could, by any
means, make it convenient, fled from the city. Of
those who remained, many shut themselves up in
their houses, and were afraid to walk the streets. The
smoke of tobacco being regarded as a preventative,
many persons, even women and small boys, had segars
almost constantly in their mouths. Others placing full
confidence in garlic, chewed it almost the whole day ;
some kept it in their pockets and shoes. Many were
afraid to allow the barbers or hair-dressers to come
near them, as instances had occurred of some of
them having shaved the dead, and many having
engaged as bleeders. Some, who carried their
caution pretty far, bought lancets for themselves,
not daring to be bled with the lancets of the bleeders.
Many houses were hardly a moment in the day, free
from the smell of gunpowder, burned tobacco, nitre,
sprinkled vinegar, &c. Some of the churches were
almost deserted, and others wholly closed. The coffee-
house was shut up, as was the city library, and most
of the public offices—three, out of the four, daily
* The reason for entering into this order, was, that some pau-
pers, who had been admitted previous thereto, with a certifi-
cate from the physicians, of their being free from the infecti-
ion, had, nevertheless, died of it. 

(22)
papers were discontinued*, as were some of the others.
Many were almost incessantly employed in purify-
ing, scouring, and whitewashing their rooms. Those
who ventured abroad, had handkerchiefs or sponges
impregnated with vinegar or camphor at their no-
ses, or smelling-bottles full of the thieves' vinegar.
Others carried pieces of tarred rope in their hands or
pockets, or camphor bags tied round their necks.
The corpses of the most respectable citizens, even of
those who did not die of the epidemic, were carri-
ed to the grave, on the shafts of a chair, the horse
driven by a negro, unattended by a friend or re-
lation, and without any sort of ceremony. People
hastily shifted their course at the sight of a hearse
coming towards them. Many never walked on the
foot-path, but went into the middle of the streets,
to avoid being infected in passing by houses wherein
people had died. Acquaintances and friends avoided
each other in the streets, and only signified their
regard by a cold nod. The old custom of shaking
hands, fell into such general disuse, that many shrunk
back with affright at even the offer of the hand. A
person with a crape, or any appearance of mourning,
was shunned like a viper. And many valued them-
selves highly on the skill and address with which they
got to windward of every person whom they met.
Indeed it is not probable that London, at the last
stage of the plague, exhibited stronger marks of ter-
ror, than were to be seen in Philadelphia, from the
25th or 26th of August, till pretty late in Septem-
ber. When people summoned up resolution to walk
abroad, and take the air, the sick-cart conveying pa-
tients to the hospital, or the hearse carrying the
dead to the grave, which were travelling almost the
whole day, soon damped their spirits, and plunged
them again into despondency.
* It would be improper to pass over this opportunity of
mentioning, that the federal gazette, printed by Andrew
Brown, was uninterruptedly continued, and with the usual
industry, during the whole calamity, and was of the utmost ser-
vice, in conveying to the citizens of the united dates, authentic
intelligence of the state of the disorder, and of the city.

(23)
While affairs were in this deplorable state, and
people at the lowest ebb of despair, we cannot be
astonished at the frightful scenes that were acted,
which seemed to indicate a total dissolution of the
bonds of society in the nearest and dearest connex-
ions. Who, without horror, can reflect on a husband,
married perhaps for twenty years, deserting his wife
in the last agony-—a wife, unfeelingly, abandoning her
husband on his death bed-—parents forsaking their
only children—-children ungratefully flying from their
parents, and resigning them to chance, often with-
out an enquiry after their health or safety—-masters
hurrying off their faithful servants to Bushhill, even
on suspicion of the fever, and that at a time, when,
like Tartarus, it was open to every visitant, but never
returned any—-servants abandoning tender and hu-
mane masters, who only wanted a little care to
restore them to health and usefulness—-who, I say,
can think of these things, without horror ? Yet they
were daily exhibited in every quarter of our city;
and such was the force of habit, that the parties who
were guilty of this cruelty, felt no remorse them-
selves-—nor met with the execration from their fellow-
citizens, which such conduct would have excited at
any other period. Indeed, at this awful crisis, so much
did self appear to engross the whole attention of ma-
ny, that less concern was felt for the loss of a pa-
rent, a husband, a wife, or an only child, than, on
other occasions, would have been caused by the
death of a servant, or even a favourite lap-dog.
This kind of conduct produced scenes of distress
and misery, of which few parallels are to be met
with, and which nothing could palliate, but the ex-
traordinary public panic, and the great law of self-
preservation, the dominion of which extends over
the whole animated world. Many men of affluent
fortunes, who have given daily employment and
sustenance to hundreds, have been abandoned to the
care of a negro, after their wives, children, friends,
clerks, and servants, had fled away, and left them
to their sate. In many cases, no money could procure 

(24)
proper attendance. With the poor, the case was, as
might be expected, infinitely worse than with the
rich. Many of these have perished, without a human
being to hand them a drink of water, to administer
medicines, or to perform, any charitable office for
them. Various instances have occurred, of dead bo-
dies found lying in the streets, of persons who had no
house or habitation, and could procure no shelter.
A man and his wife, once in affluent circumstances,
were found lying dead in bed, and between them
was their child, a little infant, who was sucking its
mother's breasts. How long they had lain thus, was
uncertain. 
A woman, whose husband had just died of the fe-
ver, was seized with the pains of labour, and had no-
body to assist her, as the women in the neighbour-
hood were afraid to go into the house. She lay, for
a considerable time, in a degree of anguish that will
not bear description. At length, she struggled to reach
the window, and cried out for assistance. Two men,
passing by, went up stairs ; but they came at too late
a stage.—-She was striving with death-—and actually,
in a few minutes, expired in their arms.
Another woman, whose husband and two children
lay dead in the room with her, was in the same situ-
ation as the former, without a midwife, or any other
person to aid her. Her cries at the window brought
up one of the carters employed by the committee
for the relief of the sick. With his assistance, she
was delivered of a child, which died in a few minutes,
as did the mother, who was utterly exhausted by
her labour, by the disorder, and by the dreadful spec-
tacle before her. And thus lay, in one room, no less
than five dead bodies, an entire family, carried off in
an hour or two. Many instances have occurred, of 
respectable women, who, in their lying-in, have been
obliged to depend on their maid-servants, for assist-
ance—-and some have had none but from their hus-
bands. Some of the midwives were dead—-and others
had left the city. .
A servant girl, belonging to a family in this city, 

(25)
in which the fever had prevailed, was apprehensive of
danger, and resolved to remove to a relation's house,
in the country. She was, however, taken sick on the
road, and returned to town, where she could find
no person to receive her. One of the guardians of
the poor provided a cart, and took her to the alms-
house, into which she was refused admittance. She
was brought back, and the guardian offered five dol-
lars to procure her a single night's lodging, but in
vain. And in fine, after every effort made to provide
her shelter, she absolutely expired in the cart.
To relate all the frightful cases of this nature that
occurred, would fill a volume. To pass them over
wholly would have been improper--to dwell on them
longer would be painful. Let these few, therefore,
suffice. But I must observe, that most of them hap-
pened in the first stage of the public panic. After-
wards, when the citizens recovered a little from their
fright, they became rare.
These horrid circumstances having a tendency to
throw a shade over the human character, it is proper
to reflect a little light on the subject, wherever justice
and truth will permit. Amidst the general abandon-
ment of the sick that prevailed, there were to be found
many illustrious instances of men and women, some
in the middle, others in the lower spheres of life,
who, in the exercises of the duties of humanity, ex-
posed themselves to dangers, which terrified men,
who have hundreds of times faced death without
fear, in the field of battle. Some of them, alas! have
fallen in the good cause! But why should they be re-
gretted ? never could they have fallen more glori-
ously. Foremost in this noble groupe stands Joseph
Inskeep, a most excellent man in every of the social
relations of citizen, brother, husband, and friend.—-
To the sick and the forsaken has he devoted his hours,
to relieve and comfort them in their tribulation, and
his kind assistance was dealt out with equal freedom
to an utter stranger as to his bosom friend. Numerous
are the instances of men restored, by his kind cares
and attention, to their families, from the very jaws
D 

(26)
of death.—-In various cases has he been obliged to put
dead bodies into coffins, when the relations fled from
the mournful office. The merit of Andrew Adgate,
Joab Jones, and Daniel Offley, in the same way, was
conspicuous, and of the last importance to numbers
of distressed creatures, bereft of every other comfort.
Of those worthy men, Wilson and Tomkins, I have
already spoken. The rev. mr. Fleming and the rev.
mr. Winkhause, exhausted themselves by a succession
of labours, day and night, attending on the sick, and
ministering relief to their spiritual and temporal
wants.
Of those who have happily survived their dangers, 
and are preserved to their fellow citizens, I shall men-
tion a few. They enjoy the supreme reward of a self-ap-
proving conscience ; and I readily believe, that in the
most secret recesses, remote from the public eye,
they would have done the same. But next to the
sense of having done well, is the approbation of
our friends and fellow men; and when the debt is
great, and the only payment that can be made is ap-
plause, it is finely the worst species of avarice, to with-
hold it. We are always ready, too ready, alas! to bestow
censure—-and, as if anxious lest we should not give
enough, we generally heap the measure. When we are
so solicitous to deter by reproach from folly, vice,
and crime, why not be equally disposed to stimulate
to virtue and heroism, by freely bellowing the well-
earned plaudit ? Could I suppose, that in any future
equally-dangerous emergency, the opportunity I have
seized of bearing my feeble testimony, in favour of
these worthy persons, would be a means of exciting
others to emulate their heroic virtue, it would afford 
me the highest consolation I have ever experienced.
The rev. Henry Helmuth's merits are of the most
exalted kind. His whole time, during the prevalence of
the disorder, was spent in the performance of the
works of mercy, visiting and relieving the sick, com-
forting the afflicted, and feeding the hungry. Of his
congregation, some hundreds have paid the last debt
to nature, since the malignant fever began; and, I 

(27)
believe he attended nearly the whole of them. To
so many dangers was he exposed, that he stands a liv-
ing miracle of preservation. The rev. C. V. Keating,
the rev. mr. Ustick, and the rev. mr. Dickens, have
been in the same career, and performed their duties
to the sick with equal fidelity, and with equal dan-
ger. The venerable old citizen, Samuel Robeson,
has been like a good angel, indefatigably performing,
in families where there was not one person able to
help another, even the menial offices of the kitchen,
in every part of his neighbourhood. Thomas Alli-
bone, Lambert Wilmer, Levi Hollingsworth, John
Barker, Hannah Paine, John Hutchinson, and great
numbers of others have distinguished themselves by
the kindest offices of disinterested humanity. Magnus
Miller, Samuel Coates, and other good citizens, in
that time of pinching distress and difficulty, advanced
sums of money to individuals whose resources were
cut off, and who, though accustomed to a life of
independence, were absolutely destitute of the means
of subsistence. And as the widow's mite has been
mentioned in scripture with so much applause, let me
add, that a worthy widow, whose name I am griev-
ed I cannot mention, came to the city-hall, and, out of
her means, which are very moderate, offered the
committee twenty dollars for the relief of the poor.
John Connelly has spent hours beside the sick, when
their own wives and children had abandoned them.
Twice did he catch the disorder—-twice was he on the
brink of the grave, which was yawning to receive
him—-yet, unappalled by the imminent danger he
had escaped, he again returned to the charge. I feel
myself affected at this part of my subject, with emo-
tions, which I fear my unanimated stile is ill calcula-
ted to transfuse into the breast of my reader. I wish
him to dwell on this part of the picture, with a degree
of exquisite pleasure equal to what I feel in the de-
scription. When we view man in this light, we lose
sight of his feebleness, his imperfection, his vice-—he
resembles, in a small degree, that divine being, who
is an inexhaustible mine of mercy and goodness. 

(23)
And, as a human being, I rejoice, that it has fallen
to my lot, to be a witness and recorder of a mag-
nanimity, which would alone be sufficient to rescue
the character of mortals from obloquy and reproach.
CHAP. V. Distress increases. Benevolent citizens
invited to assist the guardians of the poor. Ten volunteers.
Appointment of the committee for relief of the sick. State
of Philadelphia.
IN the mean time, the situation of affairs became
daily more and more serious. Those of the guardi-
ans of the poor, who continued to act, were quite
oppressed with the labours of their office, which in-
creased to such a degree, that they were utterly un-
able to execute them. I have already mentioned, that
for the city there were but three who persevered in
the performance of their duty*. It must give the reader
great concern to hear, that two of them, James Wil-
son, and Jacob Tomkins, excellent and indefatigable
young men, whose services were at that time of
very great importance, fell sacrifices in the cause of
humanity. The other, William Sansom, was likewise,
in the execution of his dangerous office, seized with
the disorder, and on the brink of the grave, but was
so fortunate as to recover. The deceased persons be-
came daily more numerous. Owing to the general
terror, nurses, carters, and attendants could hardly
be procured. Thus circumstanced, the mayor of the
city, on the 10th of September, published an address
* With respect to the guardians of the poor, I have been
misunderstood. I only spoke of those for the city. Those for
the liberties, generally, continued at their post ; and two of
them, Wm. Peter Sprague, and William Gregory, performed,
in the northern liberties, the very same kind of services as the
committee did in the city, viz. attended to the burial of the dead
and the removal of the sick. In Southwark, the like tour of
duty was executed by Clement Humphreys, John Cornish, and
Robert Jones. Far be it from me to deprive any man of applause
so richly and hazardously earned. I only regret, that want of
leisure prevents me from collecting the name's of all those who have,
nobly distinguished themselves, by their attention, to the alleviation
of the general calamity. 

(29)
to the citizens, announcing that the guardians of
the poor, who remained, were in distress for want
of assistance, and inviting such benevolent people, as
felt for the general distress, to lend their aid. In con-
sequence of this advertisement, a meeting of the ci-
tizens was held at the city-hall, on Thursday, the
12th of September, at which very few attended, from
the universal consternation that prevailed. The state
of the poor was fully considered; and ten citizens,
Israel Israel, Samuel Wetherill, Thomas Wistar,
Andrew Adgate, Caleb Lownes, Henry Deforest,
Thomas Peters, Joseph Inskeep, Stephen Girard, and
John Mason, offered themselves to assist the guardi-
ans of the poor. At this meeting, a committee was
appointed to confer with the physicians who had
the care of Bush-hill, and make report of the state
of that hospital. This committee reported next even-
ing, that it was in very bad order, and in want of al-
most every thing.
On Saturday, the 14th, another meeting was held,
when the alarming state of affairs being fully consi-
dered, it was resolved to borrow fifteen hundred
dollars of the bank of North-America, for the pur-
pose of procuring suitable accommodations for the
use of persons afflicted with the prevailing malignant
fever. At this meeting, a committee was appointed
to transact the whole of the business relative to the
relief of the sick, and the procuring of physicians,
nurses, attendants, &c. This is the committee, which,
by virtue of that appointment, has, from that day to
the present time, watched over the sick, the poor,
the widow, and the orphan. It is worthy of remark,
and may encourage others in time of public calamity,
that this committee consisted originally of only twen-
ty-six persons, men mostly taken from the middle
walks of life; of these, four, Andrew Adgate, Jona-
than Dickinson Sargeant, Daniel Offley, and Joseph
Inskeep, died, the two first at an early period of
their labours-—and four never attended to the ap-
pointment. " The heat and burden of the day" have
therefore been borne by eighteen persons, whose 

(30)
exertions have been so highly favoured by provi-
dence, that they have been the instruments of avert-
ing the progress of destruction, eminently relieving
the distressed, and restoring confidence to the ter-
rified inhabitants of Philadelphia. It is honourable
to this committee, that they have conducted their
business with more harmony than is generally to be
met with in public bodies of equal number. Probably
there never was one, of which the members were so re-
gular in their attendance; the meetings, at the worst
of times—-those times, which, to use Paine's emphatic
language, " tried men's souls," were composed in
general, of twelve, thirteen, and fourteen members.
Never, perhaps, was there a city in the situation
of Philadelphia at this period. The president of the
united states, according to his annual custom, had
removed to Mount Vernon with his household. Most,
if not all of the other officers of the federal go-
vernment were absent. The governor, who had been
sick, had gone, by directions of his physician, to his
country-seat near the falls of Schuylkill-—and nearly
the whole of the officers of the state had likewise re-
tired.-—The magistrates of the city, except the may-
or*, and John Barclay†, esq. were away, as were most
of those of the liberties. Of the situation of the guar-
dians of the poor‡, I have already made mention. In
fact, government of every kind was almost wholly
vacated, and seemed, by tacit, but universal consent,
to be vested in the committee.
* This magistrate deserves particular praise. He was the first
who invited the citizens to " rally round the standard" of cha-
rity, and convened the meeting at which the committee for relief
of the sick was appointed, as well as the preceding ones ; of this
committee he was appointed president, and punctually fulfilled his
duty during the whole time of the distress.
† This gentleman, late mayor of the city, acted in the double
capacity of alderman and president of the bank of Pennsylvania,
to the duties of which offices he devoted himself unremittedly,
except during an illness which threatened to add him to the
number of valuable men of whom we have been bereft.
‡ The managers of the alms-house attended to the duties im-
posed on them, and met regularly at that building every week. 

(31)
CHAP. VI. Magnanimous offer. Wretched state of
Bush-hill. Order introduced there.
AT the meeting on Sept. 15th, a circumstance oc-
curred, to which the most glowing pencil could
hardly do justice. Stephen Girard, a wealthy merchant,
a native of France, and one of the members of the
committee, touched with the wretched situation of
the sufferers at Bush-hill, voluntarily and unexpect-
edly offered himself as a manager, to superintend that
hospital. The surprize and satisfaction, excited by
this extraordinary effort of humanity, can be better
conceived than expressed. Peter Helm, a native of
Pennsylvania, also a member, actuated by the like
benevolent motives, offered his services in the same
department, Their offers were accepted ; and the
same afternoon they entered on the execution of their
dangerous and praise-worthy office*.
To form a just estimate of the value of the offer of
these men, it is necessary to take into full considera-
tion the general consternation, which at that period
pervaded every quarter of the city, and which made
attendance on the sick be regarded as little less than
a certain sacrifice. Uninfluenced by any reflexions
of this kind, without any possible inducement but
the purest motives of humanity, they came forward
and offered themselves as the forlorn hope of the
committee. I trust that the gratitude of their fellow-
citizens will remain as long as the memory of their
beneficent conduct, which I hope will not die with
the present generation.
On the 16th, the managers of Bush-hill, after per-
sonal inspection of the state of affairs there, made
report of its situation, which was truly deplorable. It
exhibited as wretched a picture of human misery as
ever existed. A profligate, abandoned set of nurses
and attendants (hardly any of good character could
at that time be procured,) rioted on the provi-
sions and comforts prepared for the sick, who
* The management of the interior department was assumed by
Stephen Girard—-the exterior by Peter Helm. 

(32)
(unless at the hours when the doctors attended)
were left almost entirely destitute of every assistance.
The sick, the dying, and the dead were indiscriminate-
ly mingled together. The ordure and other evacuati-
ons of the sick, were allowed to remain in the
most offensive state imaginable. Not the smallest ap-
pearance of order of regularity existed. It was, in
fact, a great human slaughter-house, where nume- 
rous victims were immolated at the altar of riot
and intemperance. No wonder, then, that a gene-
ral dread of the place prevailed through the city, and
that a removal to it was considered as the seal of
death. In consequence, there were various instances
of sick persons locking their rooms, and resisting
every attempt to carry them away. At length, the
poor were so much afraid of being sent to Bush-hill,
that they would not acknowledge their illness, until it
was no longer possible to conceal it. For it is to be
observed, that the fear of the contagion was so pre-
valent, that as soon as any one was taken ill, an alarm
was spread among the neighbours, and every effort
was used to have the sick person hurried off to Bush-
hill, to avoid spreading the disorder. The cases of
poor people forced in this way to that hospital, though
labouring under only common colds, and common
fall fevers, were numerous and afflicting. There were
not wanting instances of persons, only slightly ill,
being sent to Bush-hill, by their panic-struck neigh-
bours, and embracing the first opportunity of run-
ning back to Philadelphia.
The regulations adopted at Bush-hill, were as
follow :
One of the rooms in the mansion house (which
contains fourteen, besides three large entries) was
allotted to the matron, and an assistant under her—-
eleven rooms and two entries to the sick. Those who
were in a very low state were in one room-—and one
was appointed for the dying. The men and women
were kept in distinct rooms, and attended by nurses
of their own sexes. Every sick person was furnished
with a bedstead, clean sheet, pillow, two or three blan- 

(33)
kets, porringer, plate, spoon, and clean linen, when
necessary. In the mansion house were one hundred
and forty bedsteads. The new frame house, built by
the committee, when it was found that the old build-
ings were inadequate to contain the patients commo-
diously, is sixty feet front, and eighteen feet deep,
with three rooms on the ground floor; one of which
was for the head nurses of that house, the two others
for the sick. Each of these two last contained seven-
teen bedsteads. The lost, designed for the convales-
cents, was calculated to contain forty.
The barn is a large, commodious stone building,
divided into three apartments ; one occupied by the
resident doctors and apothecary ; one, which contain-
ed forty bedsteads, by the men convalescents—-and the
other by the women convalescents, which contained
fifty-seven.
At some distance from the west of the hospital,
was erected a frame building to store the coffins, and
deposite the dead until they were sent to a place of in-
terment.
Besides the nurses employed in the house, there
were two cooks, four labourers, and three washer-
women, constantly employed for the use of the hos-
pital.
The sick were visited twice a day by two physicians,
dr. Deveze and dr. Benjamin Duffield*, whose pre-
scriptions were executed by three resident physicians
and the apothecary.
One of the resident doctors was charged with the
distribution of the victuals for the sick. At eleven
o'clock, he gave them broth with rice, bread, boiled
* Very soon after the organization of the committee, dr. Deveze,
a respectable French physician from Cape-Francois, offered his ser-
vices in the line of his profession at Bush-hill. Dr. Benjamin Duffield
did the same. Their offers were accepted, and they have both at-
tended with great punctuality. Dr. Deveze renounced all other prac-
tice, which, at that period, would have been very lucrative, when
there was such general demand for physicians. The committee, in
consideration of the services of these two gentlemen, have lately pre-
sented dr. Duffield with five hundred, and dr. Deveze with fifteen
hundred dollars.
E 

(34)
beef, veal, mutton, and chicken, with cream of rice
to those whose stomachs would not bear stronger nou- 
rishment. Their second meal was at six o'clock, when
they had broth, rice, boiled prunes, with cream of rice. 
The sick drank at their meals porter, or claret and
water. Their constant drink between meals was cen-
taury tea, and boiled lemonade.
These regulations, the order and regularity intro-
duced, and the care and tenderness with which the
patients were treated, soon established the character
of the hospital; and in the course of a week or two,
numbers of sick people, who had not at home pro-
per persons to nurse them, applied to be sent to Bush-
hill. Indeed, in the end, so many people, who were
afflicted with other disorders, procured admittance 
there, that it became necessary to pass a resolve, that
before an order of admission should be granted, a
certificate must be produced from a physician, that
the patient laboured under the malignant fever; for
had all the applicants been received, this hospital, pro-
vided for an extraordinary occasion, would have been 
filled with patients whose cases entitled them to a re-
ception in the Pennsylvania hospital.
The number of persons received into Bush-hill, from
the 16th of September to this time, is about one
thousand; of whom nearly five hundred are dead;
there are now (Nov. 30,) in the house, about twenty
sick, and fifty convalescents. Of the latter class, there
have been dismissed about four hundred and thirty.
The reason why so large a proportion died of those
received, is, that in a variety of cases, the early fears of
that hospital had got such firm possession of the minds
of some, and others were so much actuated by a foo-
lish pride, that they would never consent to be re- 
moved till they were past recovery. And in conse-
quence of this, there were many instances of persons
dying in the cart on the road to the hospital. I speak
within bounds, when I say that at least a third of the
whole number of those received, did not survive their
entrance into the hospital two days. Were it not for
the operation of these two motives, the number of 

(35)
the dead in the city and in the hospital would have
been much lessened; for many a man, whose nice
feelings made him spurn at the idea of a removal to
the hospital, perished in the city for want of that com-
fortable assistance he would have had at Bush-hill*.
Before I conclude this chapter, let me add, that the
perseverance of the managers of that hospital has been
equally meritorious with their original beneficence.
During the whole calamity to this time, they have
attended uninterruptedly, for six, seven, or eight
hours a day, renouncing almost every care of private
affairs. They have had a laborious tour of duty to
perform. Stephen Girard, whose office was in the inte-
rior part of the hospital, has had to encourage and
comfort the sick—-to hand them necessaries and medi-
cines—-to wipe the sweat off their brows—-and to per-
form many disgusting offices of kindness for them,
which nothing could render tolerable, but the exalted
motives that impelled him to this heroic conduct.
Peter Helm, his worthy coadjutor, displayed, in his
department, equal exertions, to promote the common
good.
CHAP. VII. Proceedings of the committee—-Loans
from the bank of North-America. Establishment of an
orphan house. Relief of the poor. Appointment of the as-
sistant committee.
THE committee, on its organization, resolved that
three of the members should attend daily at the
city hall, to receive applications for relief; to pro-
vide for the burial of the dead, and for the convey-
* I omitted in the former editions to mention the name of a
most excellent and invaluable woman, mrs. Saville, the matron
in this hospital, whose services in the execution of her office,
were above all price. Never was there a person better qualified
for such a situation. To the most strict observance of system, she
united all the tenderness and humanity which are so essentially
requisite in an hospital, but which habit so very frequently and
fatally extinguishes : should the wisdom of our legislature decree
the permanent establishment of a lazaretto, no person can be found
more deserving, or better qualified to be entrusted with the care of if. 

(36)
ance of persons labouring under the malignant fever,
to Bush-hill. But three being found inadequate to
the execution of the multifarious and laborious duties 
to be performed, this order was rescinded, and daily
attendance was given by nearly all of the members.
A number of carts and carters were engaged for the
burial of the dead, and removal of the sick. And
it was a melancholy sight to behold them incessantly
employed through the whole day, in these mournful
offices.
The committee borrowed fifteen hundred dollars
from the bank of North-America, agreeably to the
resolves of the town meeting by which they were
appointed. Several of the members entered into secu-
rity to repay that sum, in case the corporation or le-
gislature should refuse to make provision for its dis-
charge. This sum being soon expended, a farther
loan of five thousand dollars was negociated with the
same institution*.
In the progress of the disorder, the committee 
found the calls on their humanity increase. The nu-
merous deaths of heads of families left a very large
body of children in a most abandoned, forlorn state.
The bettering house, in which such helpless objects
have been usually placed heretofore, was barred against
them, by the order which I have already mentioned.
Many of these little innocents were actually suffering
for want of even common necessaries. The deaths of
their parents and protectors, which should have
been the strongest recommendation to public charity,
was the very reason of their distress, and of their
being shunned as a pestilence. The children of a family
once in easy circumstances, were found in a black- 
smith's shop, squalid, dirty, and half starved, having
been for a considerable time without even bread to
eat. Various instances of a similar nature occurred.
This evil early caught the attention of the committee,
and on the 19th of September, they hired a house in
* It ought to be mentioned, that on the payment of these
sums, the directors generously declined accepting interest for the
use of them. 

(37)
Fifth-street, in which they placed thirteen children.
The number increasing, they on the 3d of October,
procured the Loganian library, which was generously
given up by John Swanwick, esq. for the purpose of
an orphan house. A further increase of their little
charge, rendered it necessary to build some additions
to the library, which are nearly half as large as that
building. At present, there are in the house, under
the care of the orphan committee, about sixty chil-
dren, and above forty are out with wet nurses.
From the origin of the institution, one hundred and
ninety children have fallen under their care, of whom
sixteen are dead, and about seventy have been deli-
vered to their relations or friends. There are instances
of five and six children of a single family in the house.
To these precious deposits the utmost attention has
been paid. They are well fed, comfortably clothed,
and properly taken care of. Mary Parvin, a very suit-
able person for the purpose, has been engaged as
matron, and there are, besides, sufficient persons em-
ployed to assist her. Various applications have been
made for some of the children; but in no instance
would the committee surrender any of them up, until
they had satisfactory evidence that the claimants had
a right to make the demand. Their relations are now
publicly called upon to come and receive them. For
such as may remain unclaimed, the best provision pos-
sible will be made; and so great is the avidity of many
people to have some of them, that there will be no
difficulty in placing them to advantage.
Another duty soon attracted the attention of the
committee. The flight of so many of our citizens, the
consequent stagnation of business, and the almost total
cessation of the labours of the guardians of the poor,
brought on among the lower classes of the people, a
great degree of distress, which loudly demanded the in-
terposition of the humane. In consequence, on the 20th
of September, a committee of distribution, of three
members, was appointed, to furnish such assistance to
deserving objects as their respective cases might re-
quire, and the funds allow. This was at first adminis- 

(38)
tered to but few, owing to the confined state of the
finances. But the very extraordinary liberality of our
fugitive fellow citizens, of the citizens of New York,
and of those of various towns and townships, encou-
raged the committee to extend their views. In conse-
quence, they increased the distributing committee to
eight, and afterwards to ten.
Being, in the execution of this important service,
liable to imposition, they, on the 14th of October, ap-
pointed an assistant committee, composed of forty-
five citizens, chosen from the several districts of the
city and liberties. The duty assigned this assistant com-
mittee, was to seek out and give recommendations to
deserving objects in distress, who, on producing them,
were relieved by the committee of distribution, (who
sat daily at the City Hall, in rotation,) with money,
provisions, or wood, or all three, according as their
necessities required. The assistant committee executed
this business with such care, that it is probable so
great a number of people were never before relieved,
with so little imposition. Some shameless creatures,
possessed of houses, and comfortable means of sup-
port, have been detected in endeavouring to partake
of the relief destined solely for the really indigent and
distressed.
Besides those who came forward to ask assistance in
the way of gift, there was another class, in equal dis-
tress, and equally entitled to relief, who could not
descend to accept it as charity. The committee, dispos-
ed to softer this laudable principle, one of the best se-
curities from debasement of character, relieved persons
of this description with small loans weekly, just enough
for immediate support, and took acknowledgments
for the debt, without ever intending to urge payment,
if not perfectly convenient to the parties.
The number of persons relieved weekly, was about
twelve hundred ; many of whom had families of four,
five, and six persons.
The gradual revival of business has rescued those
who are able and willing to work, from the humilia-
tion of depending on public charity. And the orga-
nization of the overseers of the poor has thrown the 

(39)
support of the proper objects of charity into its old
channel. The distribution of money, &c. ceased there-
fore on Saturday, the 23d of November.
CHAP. VIII. Repeated addresses of the committee on
the purification of houses.—-Assistant committee under-
take to inspect infected houses personally. Extinction
of the disorder. Governor's proclamation. Address of the
clergy. A new and happy sate of affairs.
THE committee exerted its cares for the welfare
of the citizens in every case in which its interfer-
ence was at all proper or necessary. The declension of
the disorder induced many persons to return to the
city at an earlier period, than prudence dictated. On
the 26th of October, therefore, the committee addres-
sed their fellow citizens, congratulating them on the
very flattering change that had taken place, which af-
forded a chearing prospect of being soon freed from
the disorder entirely. They, however, recommended
to those who were absent, not to return till the inter-
vention of cold weather, or rain* should render such
a step justifiable and proper, by totally extinguishing
the disease.
The 29th, they published another address, earnestly
exhorting those whose houses had been closed, to have
them well aired and purified ; to throw lime into the
privies, &c.
The 4th of November, they again addressed the
public, announcing that it was unsafe for those who
had resided in the country, to return to town with too
much precipitation, especially into houses not properly
prepared. They added, that though the disorder had
considerably abated, and though there was reason to
hope it would shortly disappear, yet they could not
say it was totally eradicated ; as there was reason to
fear it still lurked in different parts of the city. They
reiterated their representations on the subject of
cleansing houses.
* I shall in some of the following pages attempt to prove, that
the idea here held out, was erroneous. 

(40)
The 14th, they once more addressed their fellow
citizens, informing them of the restoration to our
long afflicted city, of as great a degree of health as usu-
ally prevails at the same season ; of no new cases of
the malignant fever having occurred for many days;
of their having reason to hope that in a few days not
a vestige of it would remain in the city or suburbs;
of applications for admission into the hospital having
ceased ; of the expectation of the physicians at the hos-
pital, that no more than three or four would die out
of ninety-one persons remaining there; of the number
of convalescents increasing daily. They at the same
time most earnestly recommended that houses in which
the disorder had been, should be purified; and that the
clothing or bedding of the sick, more especially of
those who had died of the disorder, should be wash-
ed, baked, buried, or destroyed. They added, that the
absent citizens of Philadelphia, as well as those stran-
gers who had business in the city, might safely come
to it, without fear of the disorder.
Notwithstanding all these cautions, many persons re-
turned from the country, without paying any atten-
tion to the cleansing of their houses, thereby sporting
not only with their own lives, but with the safety
of their fellow citizens. The neglect of some people,
in this way, has been so flagrant, as to merit the se-
verest punishment. This dangerous nuisance attracted
the notice of the committee; and after a conference 
with the assistant committee, they, on the 15th of No-
vember, in conjunction with them, resolved, that it
was highly expedient to have all houses and stores in
the city and liberties, wherein the malignant fever had
prevailed, purified and cleansed as speedily and com-
pletely as possible ; to have all those well aired, which
had been closed for any length of time ; to have lime
thrown into the privies ; to call in, when the district
should be too large for the members to enforce com-
pliance with those resolves, such assistants as might
be necessary ; and when any person, whose house re-
quired to be cleansed, and who was able to defray
the expense thereof, should refuse or neglect to com-

(41)
ply with the requisition of the members appointed to
carry those resolves into effect, to report him to the
next grand jury for the city and county, as supporting
a nuisance dangerous to the public welfare. The assis-
tant committee undertook to exert themselves to have
these salutary plans put into execution; they had
gone through the city and liberties for the purpose;
and in most cases have found a readiness in the inha-
bitants to comply with a requisition of such impor-
tance*.
This was the last act of the committee that re-
quires notice. Their business has since gone on in a
regular, uniform train, every day like the past.
They are now settling their accounts, and are prepar-
ing to surrender up their trust, into the hands of a
town meeting of their fellow citizens, the constitu-
ents by whom they were called into the unprece-
dented office they have filled. To them they will give
an account of their stewardship, in a time of distress,
the like of which heaven avert from the people of
America for ever. Doubtless, a candid construction
will be put upon their conduct, and it will be believed,
that they have acted in every case that came under
their cognizance, according to the best of their abi-
lities. 
On the 14th, governor Mifflin published a procla-
mation, announcing, that as it had pleased Almighty
God to put an end to the grievous calamity which
recently afflicted the city of Philadelphia, it was the
duty of all who were truly sensible of the divine
mercy, to employ the earliest moments of returning
health, in devout expressions of penitence, submission,
and gratitude. He therefore appointed Thursday, the
* The utmost exertions of the magistrates and of the citizens
generally, are necessary to guard against the deplorable conse-
qences that may arise in the spring from the neglect of a few
whole supineness renders them deaf to every call of duty in
this respect. The beds secreted by the nurses who attended the
sick, are likewise a fruitful source of danger, and demand the
greatest vigilance from every person invested with authority to
watch over the public safety.
F 

(42)
12th. of December†, as a clay of general humiliation,
thanksgiving, and prayer, and earnestly exhorted
and intreated his fellow citizens " to abstain, on that
day, from all worldly avocations, and to unite in
confessing, with contrite hearts, their manifold sins
and transgressions—-in acknowledging, with thankful
adoration, the mercy and goodness of the Supreme
Ruler of the universe, more especially manifested in
our late deliverance; and in praying, with solemn
zeal, that the same mighty power would be graciously
pleased to instil into our minds the just principles of
our duty to him and to our fellow creatures; to
regulate and guide all our actions by his Holy Spirit,
to avert from all mankind the evils of war, pestilence,
and famine ; and to bless and protect us in the en-
joyment of civil and religious liberty."
The 18th, the clergy of the city published an ele-
gant and pathetic address, recommending that the
day appointed by the governor, " should be set apart
and kept holy to the Lord, not merely as a day of
thanksgiving, for that, in all appearance, it had
pleased him, of his infinite mercy, to flay the rage
of the malignant disorder, (when we had well nigh
faid, hath God forgot to be gracious ?)-—but also as
a day of solemn humiliation and prayer, joined with
the confession of our manifold sins, and of our neglect
and abuse of his former mercies ; together with sin-
cere resolutions of future amendment and obedience
to his holy will and laws; without which our prayers,
praises, and thanksgivings will be in vain."
The 26th the assistant committee passed several
very judicious and salutary resolves, requiting their
members in their several districts through the city
and liberties, immediately to inspect the condition
of all taverns, boarding houses, and other buildings
† The pious observance of this day, by an almost total cessa-
tion of business (except among the Friends, whose stores gene-
rally remained open) and by the churches being universally fill-
ed with people pouring forth the effusions of their gratitude for
the cessation of the dreadful scourge, exceeded that of any other
day or thanksgiving I have ever known.

(43)
in which the late contagious disorder is known to
have been ; to notify the owners or tenants, to have
them purified and cleansed ; to report the names
of such as should refuse compliance, and also make
report of every house shut up, in which any person
is known to have lately sickened or died. They caution-
ed the vendue masters not to sell, and the public not
to buy any clothes or bedding belonging to persons
lately deceased, until they know that the same has
been sufficiently purified and aired.
I have not judged it necessary to enter into a minute
detail of the business of the committee from day to day.
It would afford little gratification to the reader. It
would be, for several weeks, little more than a melan-
choly history of fifteen, twenty, or thirty applications
daily, for coffins and carts to bury the dead, who had
none to perform that last office for them-—or as many
applications for the removal of the sick to Bush hill.
There was little variety. The present day was as drea-
ry as the past-—and the prospect of the approaching one
was equally gloomy. This was the state of things for a
long time. But at length brighter prospects dawned.
The disorder decreased in violence. The number of
the sick diminished. New cases became rare. The spirits
of the citizens revived—and the tide of migration was
once more turned. A visible alteration has taken place
in the state of affairs in the city. Our friends return
in crouds. Every hour, long-absent and welcome faces
appear-—and in many instances, those of persons,
whom public fame has buried for weeks past. The
stores, so long closed, are nearly all opened again.
Many of the country merchants, bolder than others,
are daily venturing in to their old place of supply. Mar-
ket-street is as full of waggons as usual. The custom-
house, for weeks nearly deserted by our mercantile
people, is thronged with citizens entering their vessels
and goods. The streets, too long the abode of gloom
and despair, have assumed the bustle suited to the sea-
son. Our wharves are filled with vessels loading and
unloading their respective cargoes. And, in fine, as 

(44)
every thing, in the early stage of the disorder, seemed
calculated to add to the general consternation; so
now, on the contrary, every circumstance has a ten-
dency to revive the courage and hopes of our citi-
zens. But we have to lament, that the same spirit of
exaggeration and lying, that prevailed at a former
period, and was the grand cause of the harm measures
adopted by our sister states, has not ceased to operate ;
for at the present moment, when the danger is en-
tirely done away, the credulous, of our own citizens
still absent, and of the country people, are still alarmed
with frightful rumours, of the disorder raging with as
much violence as ever; of numbers carried off, a few
hours after their return; and of new cases daily oc-
curring. To what design to attribute these shameful
tales, I know not. Were I to regard them in a spirit
of resentment, I should be inclined to charge them to
some secret, interested views of their authors, intent,
if possible, to effect the entire destruction of our city.
But I will not allow myself to consider them in this
point of light-—and will even suppose they arise from
a proneness to terrific narration, natural to some men.
But they should consider, that we are in the situation
of the frogs in the fable—-while those tales, which
make the hair of the country people stand on end, are
sport to the fabricators, they are death to us. And I
here assert, and defy contradiction, that of the whole
number of our fugitive citizens, who have already
returned, amounting to some thousands, not above
two persons are dead—-and these owe their fate to the
most shameful neglect of airing and cleansing their
houses, notwithstanding the various cautions publish-
ed by the committee. If people will venture into houses
in which infected air has been pent up for weeks to-
gether, without any purification, we cannot be sur- 
prized at the consequences,however fatal they may
be. But let not the catastrophe of a few incautious
persons operate to bring discredit on a city containing
above fifty thousand people. 

(45)
CHAP. IX. Extravagant letters from Philadelphia,
Credulity put to the test.
THAT I might not interrupt the chain of events in
Philadelphia, I have deferred, till now, giving an
account of the proceedings in the several states, res-
pecting our fugitives. As an introduction thereto, I
shall prefix a short chapter respecting those letters,
which excited the terror of our neighbours, and im-
pelled them to more severe measures than they would
otherwise have adopted.
Great as was the calamity of Philadelphia, it was
magnified in the most extraordinary manner. The
hundred tongues of rumour were never more success-
fully employed, than en this melancholy occasion. The
terror of the inhabitants of all the neighbouring states
was excited by letters from this city, distributed by
every mail, many of which told tales of woe, whereof
hardly a single circumstance was true, but which
were every where received with implicit faith. The
distresses of the city, and the fatality of the disorder,
were exaggerated as it were to see how far credulity
could be carried. The plague of London was, accor-
ding to rumour, hardly more fatal than our yellow
fever. Our citizens died so fast, that there was hard-
ly enough of people to bury them. Ten, or fifteen, or
more, were said to be call into one hole together, like
so many dead beasts*. One man, whose feelings were
so composed, as to be facetious on the subject, ac-
* The following extract appeared in a Norfolk paper about
the middle of September :
Extract of a letter from Philadelphia, to a gentleman in Norfolk,
Sept. 9
" Half the inhabitants of this city have already fled to different
" parts, on account of the pestilential disorder that prevails here.
" The few citizens who remained in this place, die in abundance,
" so fast that they drag them away, like dead beasts, and put ten,
" or fifteen, or more, in a hole together. All the stores are shut up.
" I am afraid this city will be ruined : for nobody will come near
" it hereafter. I am this day removing my family from this fatal
" place." I am strongly inclined to imagine that this letter was
the cause of the Virginia proclamation.

(46)
quainted a correspondent, in New York, that the
only business carrying on, was grave digging, or ra-
ther pit digging †. And at a time when the deaths did
not exceed from forty to fifty daily, many men had
the modelty to write, and others, throughout the con-
tinent, the credulity to believe, that we buried from one
hundred to one hundred and fifty*. Thousands were
swept off in three or four weeks ‡. And the nature
† From a New York paper of October 2.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Philadelphia, dated Sept. 23,
" The papers must have amply informed you of the melancho-
" ly situation of this city for five or six weeks past. Grave-dig-
" ging has been the only business carrying on ; and indeed I may
" say of late, pit-digging, where people are interred indiscrimi-
" nately in three tiers of coffins. From the most accurate ob-
" servations I can make upon matters, I think I speak with-
" in bounds, when I say, eighteen hundred persons have perished,
" (I do not say all of the yellow fever) since its first appearance."
* From the Maryland Journal, of Sept. 27.
Extract of a letter from Philadelphia, dated Sept. 20.
" The disorder seems to be much the same in this place as
" when I last wrote you: about 1500 have fallen victims to it.
" Last Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, there were not less than
" 350 died with this severe disorder !!! As I informed you be-
" fore, this is the most distressed place I ever beheld. Whole fa-
" milies go in the disorder, in the course of twelve hours. For
" your own sakes, use all possible means to keep it out of Balti-
" more."
Extract of a letter from Philadelphia, of the same date.
" The malignant fever which prevails here, is still increas-
" ing. Report says, that above one hundred have been buried
" per day for some time past. It is now thought to be more in-
" fectious than ever. I think you ought to be very careful with
" respect to admitting persons from Philadelphia into your town."
‡ From a Chestertown paper, of Sept. 10.
Extract of a letter from a respectable young mechanic, in Philadel-
phia, to his friend in this town, dated the 5th inst.
" It is now a very mortal time in this city. The yellow fever
" hath killed some thousands of the inhabitants. Eight thousand 
" mechanics, besides other people, have left the town. Every 
" master in the city, of our branch of business, is gone." The 
" some thousands" that were killed at that time, did not amount
to three hundred. The authentic information in this letter, was 

(47)
and danger of the disorder, were as much misrepre-
sented, as the number of the dead. It was said, in de-
fiance of every day's experience, to be as inevitable by
all exposed to the contagion, as the stroke of fate.
The credulity of some, the proneness to exaggera-
tion of others, and I am sorry, extremely sorry to be-
lieve, the interested views of a few*, will account for
these letters.
CHAP. X. Proceedings at Chestertown-—At New-York
—-At Trenton and Lamberton-—At Baltimore.
THE effects produced by those tales, were such
as might be reasonably expected. The conster-
nation spread through the several states like wild-fire.
The first public act that took place on the subject, as
far as I can learn, was at Chestertown, in Maryland.
At this place, a meeting was held on the 10th of Sep-
tember, and several resolves entered into, which, after
specifying that the disorder had extended to Trenton,
Princeton, Woodbridge, and Elizabeth-town, on the
post-road to New-York, directed, that notice should
be sent to the owners of the stages not to allow them
to pass through the town, while there should be reason
to expect danger therefrom ; and that a committee of
health and inspection should be appointed, to provide
for the relief of such poor inhabitants as might take
the disorder, and likewise for such strangers as might
be infected with it. In consequence of these resolves,
the eastern shore line of stages was stopt in the course
of a few days afterwards.
The alarm in New-York was first officially an-
nounced by a letter from the mayor to the practising
circulated in every state in the union, by the news papers. From
the date, I suspect this letter to have been the occasion of the
Chestertown resolves.
* As this charge is extremely pointed, it may be requisite to
state the foundation of it, for the reader to form his opinion upon.
oSome of the letters from Philadelphia about this time, were writ-
ten by persons, whose interest it was to injure the city; and gave
statements so very different, even from the very worst rumours
prevailing here, that it was morally impossible the writers them-
selves could have believed them. 

(48)
physicians, dated Sept. 11th, in which he requested
them to report to him in writing the names of all such
persons as had arrived, or should arrive from Phila-
delphia, or any other place, by land or water, and were
or should be sick; and that such as should be deemed
subjects of infectious diseases, might be removed out
of the city. He notified them, that the corporation
had taken measures to provide a proper place as an
hospital, for such persons as might unhappily become
subjects of the fever in New-York. In this letter the
mayor declared his opinion clearly, that the inter-
course with Philadelphia, could not be lawfully inter-
rupted by any power in the state. The 12th appeared
a proclamation from governor Clinton, which, re-
ferring to the " act to prevent the bringing in, and
" spreading of infectious disorders," prohibited, in
the terms of that act, all vessels from Philadelphia,
to approach nearer to the city of New-York, than
Bedlow's island, about two miles distant, till duly dis-
charged. The silence of this proclamation, respecting 
passengers by land, seemed to imply that the gover- 
nor's opinion on the subject, was the same as that of 
the mayor. 
The same day, at a meeting of the citizens, the
necessity of taking some precautions was unanimous-
ly agreed upon, and a committee of seven appointed
to report a plan to a meeting to be held next day.
Their report, which was unanimously agreed to, the
13th, recommended to hire two physicians, to as- 
sist the physician of the port in his examination of
vessels; to check, as much as possible, the intercourse
by stages; to acquaint the proprieters of the southern
stages, that it was the earned wish of the inhabitants,
that their carriages and boats should not pass during
the prevalence of the disorder in Philadelphia ; and to
request the practioners of physic to report, without
fail, every case of fever, to which they might be cal-
led, occurring in any person that had or might arrive
from Philadelphia, or have intercourse with them.
Not satisfied with these measures, the corporation, on
the 17th, came to resolution to stop all intercourse 

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between the two cities; and for this purpose guards
were placed at the different landings, with orders to
send back every person coming from Philadelphia ;
and if any were discovered to have arrived after that
date, they were to be directly sent back. Those who
took in lodgers, were called upon to give informa-
tion of all people of the above description, under pain
of being prosecuted according to law. All good citi-
zens were required to give information to the mayor,
or any member of the committee, of any breach in
the premises.
These strict precautions being eluded by the fears
and the vigilance of the fugitives from Philadelphia,
on the 23d there was a meeting held, of delegates
from the several wards of the city, in order to adopt
more effectual measures. At this meeting, it was re-
solved to establish a night watch of not less than ten
citizens in each ward, to guard against every attempt
to enter under cover of darkness. Not yet eased of
their fears, they next day published an address, in
which they mentioned, that notwithstanding their ut-
most vigilance many persons had been clandestinely
landed upon the shores of New-York island. They
therefore again called upon their fellow citizens to be
cautious how they received strangers into their houses;
not to fail to report all such to the mayor immediately
upon their arrival; to remember the importance of
the occasion ; and to consider what reply they should
make to the jail resentment of their fellow citizens,
whose lives they might expose by a criminal neglect,
or infidelity. They likewise declared their expecta-
tion, that those who kept the different ferries on the
shores of New Jersey and Staten island, would pay
such attention to their address, as not to transport
any person but to the public landings, and that in
the day time, between sen and sun. The 30th they
published a lengthy address, recapitulating the various
precautions they hid taken— the nature of the disor-
der-—and the numbers who had died out of Philadel-
phia, without communicating it to any one. They
at the same time resolved, that goods, bedding, and
G 

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clothing, packed up in Philadelphia, should, pre-
vious to their being brought into New-York, be un-
packed and exposed to the open air in some well-
ventilated place, for at least 48 hours ; that all linen
or cotton clothes, or bedding, which had been used,
should be well washed in several waters; and after-
wards, that the whole, both such as had been and
such as had not been used, should be hung up in a
close room, and well smoked with the fumes of brim-
stone for one day, and after that again exposed for
at least twenty four hours to the open air , and that
the boxes, trunks, or chests, in which they had been
packed, should be cleaned and aired in the same man-
ner ; after which, being repacked, and such evidence
given of their purification, as the committee should
require, permission might be had to bring them into
the city.
The 11th of October, they likewise resolved, that
they would consider and publish to the world, as ene-
mies to the welfare of the city, and the lives of its in-
habitants, all those who should be so selfish and hardy,
as to attempt to introduce any goods, wares, mer-
chandize, bedding, baggage, &c. imported from, or
packed up in Philadelphia, contrary to the rules pre-
scribed by that body, who were, they said, deputed
to express the will of their fellow citizens. They
recommended to the inhabitants to withstand any 
temptation of profit, which might attend the purchase
of goods in Philadelphia, as no emolument to an in-
dividual, they added, could warrant the hazard to
which such conduct might expose the city. Besides
all these resolves, they published daily statements of
the health of the city, to allay the fears of their fel-
low citizens.
On the 14th of November, the committee reslved, 
that passengers coming from Philadelphia to New-
York, might be admitted, in future, together with
their wearing apparel, without restriction, as to time, 
until further orders from the committee.
The 20th, they declared that they were happy to 
announce to their fellow citizens, that health was re- 

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stored to Philadelphia; but that real danger was still
to be apprehended from the bedding and clothing of
those who had been ill of the malignant fever; and
that they had received satisfactory information, that
attempts had been made to ship on freight considera-
ble quantities of beds and bedding from Philadelphia
for their city. They therefore resolved that it was in-
expedient, to admit the introduction of beds or bed-
ding of any kind, or feathers in bags, or otherwise;
also, second-hand wearing apparel of every species,
coming from places infected with the yellow fever;
and that whosoever should attempt so high-handed an
offence as to bring them in, and endanger the lives
and health of the inhabitants, would justly merit their
resentment and indignation.
The inhabitants of Trenton and Lamberton associ-
ated on the 13th of September, and on the 17th passed
several resolutions to guard themselves against the con-
tagion. They resolved that a total stop should be put
to the landing of all persons from Philadelphia, at
any ferry or place from Lamberton to Howell's ferry,
four miles above Trenton ; that the intercourse by
water should be prohibited between Lamberton, or
the head of tide water, and Philadelphia; and that
all boats from Philadelphia, should be prevented from
landing either goods or passengers any where between
Bordentown and the head of tide water, that no per-
son whatever should be permitted to come from Phi-
ladelphia, or Kensington, while the fever continued ;
that all persons who should go from within the limits
of the association, to either of those places, should be
prevented from returning during the continuance of
the fever ; and finally, that their standing committee
should inquire whether any persons, not inhabitants,
who had lately come from places infected, and were
therefore likely to be infected themselves, were within
the limits of the association, and if so, that they should
be obliged instantly to leave the said limits.
The 12th of September, the governor of Maryland
published a proclamation, subjecting all vessels from
Philadelphia to the performance of a quarantine, 

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not exceeding forty days, or as much less as might
be judged safe by the health officers. It further or-
dered, that all persons going to Baltimore, to Havre
de Grace, to the head of Elk, or, by any other route,
making their way into that date from Philadelphia,
or any other place known to be infected with the
malignant fever, should be subject to be examined,
and prevented from proceeding, by persons to be
appointed for that purpose, and who were to take
the advice and opinion of the medical faculty in eve-
ry case, in order that private affairs and pursuits,
might not be unnecessarily impeded. This proclama-
tion appointed two health officers for Baltimore.
The people of Baltimore met the 13th of Septem-
ber, and resolved that none of their citizens should
receive into their houses any persons coming from
Philadelphia, or other infected place, without pro-
ducing a certificate from the health officer, or officer
of patrole; and that any person who violated that
resolve, should be held up to the public view, as a pro-
per object for the resentment of the town. The 14th,
a party of militia was dispatched to take the possession of
a pass on the Philadelphia road, about two miles from
Baltimore, to prevent the entrance of any passengers
from Philadelphia without license. Dr. Worthington,
the health officer stationed at this pass was directed to
refuse permission to persons afflicted with any malig-
nant complaint, or who had not been absent from Phi-
ladelphia, or other infected place, at least seven days.
The western shore line of Philadelphia it ages was stop-
ped about the 18th or 19th.
The 30th, the committee of health resolved that no
inhabitant of Baltimore, who should visit persons from
Philadelphia, while performing quarantine, should
be permitted to enter the town, until the time of
quarantine was expired, and until it was certainly
known that the persons he had visited were free from
the infection ; and that thenceforward no goods capa-
ble of conveying infection, that had been landed, or
packed up in Philadelphia, or other infected place,
should be permitted to enter the town--nor should 

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any baggage of travellers be admitted, until it had
been exposed to the open air such length of time as
the health officer might direct.
CHAP. XI. Proceedings at Havre de Grace--At Ha-
gerstown-—At Alexandria-—At Winchester-—At Boston
—-At Newburyport—-In Rhode Island—-At Newbern—-
At Charleston—-In Georgia.-—Fasting and prayer.
THE 25th of September, the inhabitants of Havre
de Grace resolved that no person should be allow-
ed to cross the Susquehannah river at that town, who
did not bring a certificate of his not having lately
come from Philadelphia, or any other infected place ;
and that the citizens of Havre would embody them-
selves to prevent any one from crossing without such a
certificate. 
At Hagerstown, on the 3d of October, it was re-
solved, that no citizen should receive into his house
any person coming from Philadelphia, supposed to
be infected with the malignant fever, until he or she
produced a certificate from a health officer; that should
any citizen contravene the above resolution, he should
be proscribed from all society with his fellow citizens ;
that the clothing sent to the troops then in that town,
should not be received there, nor suffered to come
within seven miles thereof; that if any person from
Philadelphia, or other infected place, should arrive
there, he should be required instantly to depart, and
in case of refusal or neglect, be compelled to go with-
out delay ; that no merchant, or other person, should
be suffered to bring into the town, or open therein,
any goods brought from Philadelphia, or other in-
fected place, until permitted by their committee; and
that the citizens of the town, and its vicinity, should
enrol themselves as a guard, and patrole such roads
and passes as the committee should direct.
The governor of Virginia, on the 17th of Sep-
tember, issued a proclamation, ordering all vessels from
Philadelphia, the Grenades, and the island of Tobago,
to perform a quarantine of twenty days, at the an-

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chorage ground, off Craney island, near the mouth
of Elizabeth river.
The corporation of Alexandria stationed a look-out
boat, to prevent all vessels bound to that port, from
approaching nearer than one mile, until after examin-
ation by the health officer.
The people of Winchester placed guards at every
avenue of the town leading from the Patowmac to
stop all suspected persons, packages, &c. coming from
Philadelphia, till the health officers should inspect
them, and either forbid or allow them to pass.
The legislature of Massachusetts were in session, at
the time the alarm spread ; and they accordingly pas-
sed an express act for guarding against the impending
danger. This act authorised the selectmen in the
different towns to stop and examine any persons, bag-
gage, merchandize, or effects, coming or supposed to be
coming into the towns respectively, from Philadelphia,
or other place infected, or supposed to be infected ; and
should it appear to them, or to any officers whom
they should appoint, that any danger of infection was
to be apprehended from such persons, effects, bag-
gage, or merchandize, they were empowered to de-
tain or remove the same to such places as they might
see proper, in order that they might be purified from
infection; or to place any persons so coming, in such
places, and under such regulations as they might
judge necessary for the public safety. In pursuance of
this act, the governor issued a proclamation to carry
it into effect, the 21st of September.
The selectmen of Boston, on the 24th, published
their regulations of quarantine, which ordered, that
on the arrival of any vessel from Philadelphia, she
should be detained at, or near Rainsford's Island,
to perform a quarantine not exceeding thirty days,
during which time she should be cleansed with vine-
gar, and the explosion of gunpowder between the
decks and in the cabin, even though there were no
sick persons on board ; that in case there were, they
should be removed to an hospital, where they should
be detained till they recovered or were long enough 

(55)
to ascertain that they had not the infection ; that
every vessel, performing quarantine, should be depriv-
ed of its boat, and no boat suffered to approach it,
but by special permission; that if any person should
escape from vessels performing quarantine, he should
be instantly advertised, in order that he might be ap-
prehended ; that any persons coming by land from
Philadelphia, should not be allowed to enter Boston,
until twenty one days after their arrival, and their
effects, baggage, and merchandize should be opened,
washed with vinegar, and fumigated with repeated
explosions of gunpowder. In the conclusion, the select-
men called upon the inhabitants " to use their utmost
vigilance and activity to bring to condign punishment,
any person who should be so daring and lost to every
idea of humanity, as to come into the town from any
place supposed to be infected, thereby endangering
the lives of his fellow men."
The 23d of September, the selectmen of Newbury-
port notified the pilots not to bring any vessels from
Philadelphia, higher up Merrimack river, than the
black rocks, until they should be examined by the
health officer, and a certificate be obtained from him,
of their being free from infection.
The governor of Rhode Island, the 21st of Sep-
tember, issued a proclamation, directing the town.
councils and other officers, to use their utmost vigi-
lance to cause the law to prevent the spreading of con-
tagious disorders to be most strictly executed, more es-
pecially with respect to all vessels which should arrive
in that state, from the West Indies, Philadelphia, and
New-York ; the extension to the latter place was ow-
ing to the danger apprehended from the intercourse
between it and Philadelphia.
The 28th of September, the governor of North
Carolina published his proclamation; requiring the
commissioners of navigation in the different ports
of the said state, to appoint certain places, where all
vessels from the port of Philadelphia, or any other
place in which the malignant fever might prevail, 

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should perform quarantine for such number of days as
they might think proper.
The commissioners of Newbern, on the 30th of
September, ordered that until full liberty should be
given, vessels arriving from Philadelphia, or any
other place in which an infectious disorder might be,
should, under a penalty of, five hundred pounds, stop
and come to anchor at lead one mile below the town,
and there perform a quarantine for at least ten days,
unless their captains should produce from inspectors
appointed for the purpose, a certificate that in their o-
pinion the vessels might, with safety to the inhabitants, 
proceed to the town or harbour, and there land their
passengers or cargo. The 18th of October, they or-
dered, that if any free man should go on board any
vessel from Philadelphia, etc. or should bring from
on board such vessel, any goods or merchandize, be-
fore she was permitted to land her cargo or passengers, 
he should, for every offence, forfeit five pounds; and
if any slave should offend as above, he should be lia-
ble to be whipped not exceeding fifty lashes, and his 
master to pay five pounds.
The governor of S. Carolina, published a proclama-
tion, subjecting Philadelphia vessels to quarantine, the 
date of which I cannot ascertain. The inhabitants of
Charleston, on the 8th of October, had a meeting, 
at which they resolved, that no vessel from the river
Delaware, either directly or after having touched at
any other port of the United States, should be permit-
ted to pass Charleston bar, till the citizens had again
assembled, and declared themselves satisfied that the
disorder had ceased in Philadelphia. If any vessel, con-
trary thereto, should cross the bar, the governor
should be requested to compel it to quit the port, and
return to sea.
The governor of Georgia, on the 4th of October,
published a proclamation, ordering all vessels from
Philadelphia, which should arrive in Savannah river, to
remain in Tybee creek, or in other parts like dis-
tant from the town, until the health officer of the
port should, on examination, certify, that no malig-
nant or contagious disease was on board. All persons

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contravening this proclamation, were to be prosecuted,
and subjected to the pains and penalties by law pointed
out.
The people of Augusta, in that state, were as active
and vigilant as their northern neighbours, to guard
against the threatening danger.
The inhabitants of Reading, in Pennsylvania, had a
meeting the 24th of September, and passed sundry re-
solutions, viz. that no dry goods should be imported
into that borough from Philadelphia, or any other
place infected with a malignant fever, until the expi-
ration of one month from that date, unless permission
was had from the inhabitants convened at a town-meet-
ing ; that no person from Philadelphia, or any other
infected place, should be allowed to enter, until they
should have undergone the examination of a physici-
an, and obtained his opinion of their being free from
infection ; that no stage-waggon should be permitted
to bring passengers from Philadelphia, or other place
infected, into the borough ; and that all communica-
tion, by stages, should be discontinued for one month,
unless sooner permitted by the inhabitants.
At Bethlehem, a meeting was held on the 26th of
September ; at which it was resolved, that persons from
Philadelphia, should perform a quarantine of twelve
days, before their entrance into the town. A similar
resolve was soon after entered into at Nazareth. But at
neither place was it observed with any strictness. No
guard was appointed. And the assertion of any decent
traveller, apparently in health, with respect to the time
of his absence from Philadelphia, was considered as
sufficient to be relied on, without resorting to formal
proof.
Various precautions were observed in other places;
but I am not able to give a statement of them,
not having procured an account of their resolves or
proceedings.
The calamity of Philadelphia, while it roused the
circumspection of the timid in various places, excited
the pious to offer up their prayers to Almighty God
for our relief, comfort, and support. Various days
were appointed for humiliation, fasting, and prayer, 
H

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for this purpose. In New York, the 20th of Septem-
ber ; in Boston, September 26th ; in Albany, the 1st of
October; in Baltimore the 3d ; in Richmond, the 9th;
in Providence, the same day ; the synod of Philadelphia
fixed on the 24th of October ; the protestant episcopal
churches in Virginia, November 6 ; the Dutch synod
of New York, November 13 ; the synod of New York
and New Jersey, November 20. At Hartford, daily
prayers were offered up for our relief for some time.
CHAP. XII. Conflict between the law of self-preserva-
tion and the law of charity. The law of charity victo-
rious.
WHILE our citizens were proscribed in seve-
ral cities and towns—hunted up like felons
in some—-debarred admittance and turned back in
others, whether sound or infected-—it is with extreme
satisfaction I have to record a conduct totally diffe-
rent, which cannot fail to make an indelible im-
pression on the minds of the people of Philadelphia, 
and call forth the most lively emotions of gratitude.
At Woodbury, in New Jersey, at an early period
of the disorder, a meeting was held for the purpose
of determining on what steps were requisite to be ta-
ken. A motion was made to stop all intercourse with
Philadelphia. But, four persons only having risen to
support it, it dropped, and our citizens were allowed
free entrance.
A respectable number of the inhabitants of Spring-
field, in New Jersey, met the first day of October,
and after a full consideration of the distresses of our
citizens, passed a resolve, offering their town as an 
asylum to the people flying from Philadelphia, and 
directing their committee to provide a suitable place
as an hospital for the sick. The rev. Jacob V. Arts-
dalen, Matthias Meeker, and Matthias Denman, took
the lead in this honourable business.
I have been informed, by a person of credit, that
the inhabitants of Elizabeth town have pursued the
same liberal plan, as those of Springfield ; but have not

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been able to procure a copy of their resolves or pro-
ceedings on the subject.
At Chestertown in Maryland, a place was appoint-
ed, at a distance from the town, for the reception of
such travellers and others, as might have the disor-
der. It was provided with every necessary-—and a
physician engaged to attend the sick.
An asylum has likewise been offered to Philadel-
phians, by several of the inhabitants of Elkton, in Ma-
ryland ; and the offer was couched in terms of the
utmost sympathy for our sufferings. A place on the
same plan as that at Chester, was fitted up near the
town.
At Easton, in Pennsylvania, the only precaution ob-
served, was to direct the emigrants from Philadel-
phia, to abstain for a week from intercourse with the
inhabitants.
The people of Wilmington have acted in the most
friendly manner towards our distressed citizens. At
first they were a little scared, and resolved on the es-
tablishment of a quarantine and guards. But they
immediately dropped these precautions, and received
the people from Philadelphia with the most perfect
freedom. They erected an hospital for the reception of
our infected citizens, which they supplied with neces-
saries. Yet of eight or ten persons from Philadelphia,
who died in that town, with the malignant fever,
only one was sent to the hospital. The others were
nursed and attended in the houses where they fell
sick. Humane, tender, and friendly, as were the wor-
thy inhabitants of Wilmington in general, two cha-
racters have distinguished themselves in such a very
extraordinary manner, as to deserve particular no-
tice. These are doctor Way, and major Bush, whose
houses were always open to the fugitives from Phila-
delphia, whom they received without the smallest ap-
prehension, and treated with a degree of genuine hos-
pitality, that reflects the highest honour on them. In
the exercise of this virtue, they were not confined by a
narrow regard to their particular friends or acquain-
tance—-but entertained, with equal humanity, whole 

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families of persons who were utter strangers to them.
This was of the more importance, and operated as a
heavier tax on them, as, I believe, there was only one
tavern-keeper, Brinton, whose house was open for
people from Philadelphia: and it was consequently
so crouded in general, as frequently to render it diffi-
cult to procure admittance.
The instances of this kind, through this exten-
sive country, have been very few,; but they are
therefore only the more precious, and ought to
be held up to public approbation. May they ope-
rate on people, at a future day, in similar cases of
dreadful calamity, and teach them to temper their
caution with as much humanity and tenderness to the
distressed fugitives, as prudence will allow—-and not
involve, in one indiscriminate proscription, the healthy
and infected.
CHAP. XIII. Disorder fatal to the doctors—-to the cler-
gy—-to drunkards-—to filles de joie—-to maid servants—-
to the poor-—and in close streets.-—Less destructive to the
French-—and to the negroes.
RARELY has it happened, that so large a propor-
tion of the gentlemen of the faculty have sunk
beneath the labours of their very dangerous profes-
sion, as on this occasion. In five or six weeks, exclusive
of medical students, no less than ten physicians have
been swept off doctors Hutchinson, Morris, Linn,
Pennington Dodds, Johnson, Glentworth, Phile
Graham and Green. Scarcely one of the practising
doctors that remained in the city, escaped sickness.
Some were three, four, and five times confined.
To the clergy it has likewise proved very fatal. Ex-
posded, in the exercise of the last duties to the dying,
to equal danger with the physicians, it is not surpri-
sing that so many of them have fallen. Their names
are, the rev. Alexnder Murray, of the protestant 
episcopal church--the rev. F. A. Fleming and the 
rev. Laurence Graessl of the Roman catholic--the
rev. John Winkhause, of the German reformed--the

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rev. James Sproat, of the presbyterian—-the rev. Wil-
liam Dougherty, of the methodist church—-and like-
wise four noted preachers of the Friends society, Da-
niel Offley, Huson Langstroth, Michael Minier, and
Charles Williams. Seven clergymen have been in the
greatest danger from this disorder, the rev. R. Black-
well, rev. Joseph Pilmore. rev. William Rogers, rev.
Christopher V. Keating, rev. Frederic Schmidt, the
rev. Joseph Turner, and the rev. Robert Annan ; but
they have all recovered.
Among the women, the mortality has not, by any
means, been so great, as among the men,* nor among
the old and infirm as among the middle-aged and
robust.
To tipplers and drunkards, and to men who lived
high, and were of a corpulent habit of body, this dis-
order was very fatal. Of these, many were seized, and
the recoveries were very rare.
To the filles de joie, it has been equally fatal. The
wretched, debilitated state of their constitutions,
rendered them an easy prey to this dreadful dis-
order, which very soon terminated their miserable
career.
To hired servant maids it has been very destructive.
Numbers of them fled away-—of those who remained,
very many fell, who had behaved with an extraor-
dinary degree of fidelity.
It has been dreadfully destructive among the poor.
It is very probable, that at least seven-eighths of the
number of the dead, were of that class. The inhabi-
tants of dirty houses have severely expiated their ne-
glect of cleanliness and decency, by the numbers of
them that have fallen sacrifices. Whole families, in
such houses, have sunk into one silent, undistinguish-
ing grave.
The mortality in confined streets, small allies, and
close houses, debarred of a free circulation of air, has
exceeded, in a great proportion, that in the large streets
and well-aired houses. In some of the allies, a third
* In many congregations, the deaths of men have been nearly
twice as numerous as those of women. 

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or fourth of the whole of the inhabitants are no more.
In 30 houses, the whole number in Pewter Platter
alley, 32 people died: and in a part of Market-street,
containing 170 houses, only 39. The streets in the
suburbs, that had the benefit of the country air, espe-
cially towards the west part of the city, have suffer-
ed little. Of the wide, airy streets, none lost so
many people as Arch, near Water-street, which may
be accounted for, by its proximity to the original
seat of the disorder. It is to be particularly remark-
ed, that in general, the more remote the streets
were from Water Street, the less of the calamity they
experienced.
From the effects of this disorder, the French newly
settled in Philadelphia, have been in a very remarka-
ble degree exempt†. To what this may be owing, is a
subject deserving particular investigation*. By some
it has been ascribed to their despising the danger. But,
though this may have had some effect, it will not cer-
tainly account for it altogether ; as it is well known
that many of the most courageous persons in Phila-
delphia, have been among its victims. By many of
the French, the great fatality of the disorder has been
attributed to the vast quantities of crude and unwhole-
some fruits brought to our markets, and consumed by
all classes of people.
When the yellow fever prevailed in South Caro-
lina, the negroes, according to that accurate observer,
dr. Lining, were wholly free from it. " There is
" something very singular in the constitution of the
" negroes," says he, " which renders them not liable
" to this fever; for though many of them were as
" much exposed as the nurses to this infection, yet I
" never knew one instance of this fever among them,
" though they are equally subject with the white peo-
† The French who had been long established here, were near-
ly as much affected as the natives.
* The frequent use the French make of lavements, at all times,
may probably account for their escaping so very generally as
they did. These purify the bowels, help to discharge the foul
matter, and remove costiveness, which is one of the most certain
supports of this and other disorders. 

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" ple to the bilious fever*." The same idea prevailed
for a considerable time in Philadelphia; but it was
erroneous. They did not escape the disorder ; howe-
ver, there were scarcely any of them seized at first, and
the number that were finally affected, was not great ;
and, as I am informed by an eminent doctor, " it
" yielded to the power of medicine in them more ea-
" sily than in the whites." The error that prevailed
on this subject had a very salutary effect; for, at an
early period of the disorder, hardly any white nurses
could be procured ; and, had the negroes been equal-
ly terrified, the sufferings of the sick, great as they
actually were, would have been exceedingly aggrava-
ted. At the period alluded to, the elders of the Afri-
can church met, and offered their assistance to the
mayor, to procure nurses for the sick, and aid in
burying the dead. Their offers were accepted; and
Absalom Jones, Richard Allen, and William Gray,
undertook the management of these two-several
services. The great demand for nurses, afforded an
opportunity for imposition, which was eagerly seized
by some of the vilest of the blacks†. They extorted
two, three, four, and even five dollars a night for such
attendance, as would have been well paid by a single
dollar. Some of them were even detected in plun-
dering the houses of the sick. But it is unjust to cast
a censure on the whole, for this sort of conduct, as
many people have done. The services of Jones, Al-
len, and Gray, and others of their colour, have been
very great, and demand public gratitude.
On examining the books of the hospital at. Bush-
hill, it appears, that there were nearly twenty blacks
received there, of whom about three-fourths died.
* Essays and observations, vol. II. page 407.
† The extortion here mentioned, was very far from being con-
fined to the negroes : many of the white nurses behaved with
equal rapacity. 

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CHAP. XIV. State of the weather. Attempt to refute
the opinion that cold and rain extinguished the disorder.
Average-table of mortality.
THE weather, during the whole of the months of
August and September, and most part of Octo-
ber, was remarkably dry and sultry. Rain appeared
as if entirely at an end. Various indications, which
in scarcely any former instance had failed to pro-
duce wet weather, disappointed the expectations,
the wishes, and the prayers of the citizens. The
disorder raged with increased violence as the season
advanced towards the fall months. The mortality
was much greater in September, than in August—-
and still greater in the beginning and till the middle
of October, than in September. It very particu-
larly merits attention, that though nearly all the
hopes of the inhabitants relied on cold and rain,
especially the latter, yet the disorder died away with
hardly any rain, and a very moderate degree of cold.
Its virulence may be said to have expired on the 
23d, 24th, 25th, and 26th of October. The succeed-
ing deaths were, mostly,of those long sick. Few persons
took the disorder afterwards. Those days were near-
ly as warm as many of the most fatal ones; in the
middle stage of the complaint, the thermometer be-
ing at 60, 59, 71, and 72. To account for this satis-
factorily, is above our feeble powers. In fact, the
whole of the disorder, from its first appearance to
its final close, has set human wisdom and calculation
at defiance.
The idea held up in the preceding paragraph, has
been controverted by many ; and, as the extinction of 
malignant disorders, generated in summer or the
early part of fall, has been universally ascribed to the
severe cold and heavy rains of the close of the fall,
or the winter, it is asserted that ours must have
shared the same fate. It therefore becomes neces-
sary to state the reasons for the contrary opinion.
The extinction of these disorders, according to the
generally-received idea on this subject, arises from cold, 

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of rain, or both together. If from the former, how
shall we account for a greater mortality in September,
than in August, whereas the degree of heat was con-
siderably abated? How shall we account for a greater
mortality in the first part of October than in Sep-
tember, although the heat was still abating? If rain
be the efficient cause of arresting the disorder, as is
supposed by those who attribute its declension to the
rain on the evening of the 15th* of October, how
shall we account for the inefficacy of a constant rain
during the whole terrible twelfth of October, when
one hundred and eleven souls were summoned out of
this world, and a hundred and four the day follow-
ing ? To make the matter more plain, I request the
reader's attention to the following statement :—-
Thermom.
at 3 p. m. Deaths. Wind. Weather.
Sept. 19 70 61 SW fair.
20 69 67 SE hazy. 
21 78 57 fair.
22 83 76 fair. 
Oct. 10 74 93 NW fair.
11 74 119 W fair.
12 64 111 NW fair.
13 69 104 NW fair.
23 60 54 W fair.
24 59 38 NW fair.
25 71 35 S fair, high wind.
26 72 23 SW cloudy.
An examination of this table, by any man unbias-
sed by the received opinion, will, I think, convince
him of the justice of the hypothesis which I have ad-
vanced-—that the increase or abatement of the vio-
lence of the disorder, depended on other causes than
the degrees of heat, cold, rainy or dry weather. Here
is the most palpable proof. The average of the thermo-
meter, the four first quoted days, was 75° —the ave-
rage of the deaths 65.5. The second four days, the
thermometer averaged 70.25, although the frightful
average of deaths was, 106.75. And on the last four
* The rain on this evening was not by any means so great
as that on the 12th.
I 

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days, the thermometer averaged 65.5, whereas the
deaths were only 37.5. To facilitate the comparison,
I subjoin an abstract of the preceding statement.
therm. deaths.
Average of Sept. 19, 26, 21, and 22, 75 65
of Oct. 10, 11, 12, and 13, 70.25 106.75
of Oct. 23, 24, 25, and 26, 65.5 37.5
Thus, those days on which the mortality was at
its highest stage, were five degrees colder than those
when the deaths had been only five eighths. And the
difference of five degrees between the second and the
third four days, will not be pretended to account for
a decrease of very nearly two thirds. To try the sys-
tem of heat, cold, and rain, still further, let us exa-
mine the four last days of August. On those days the
thermometer averaged 79.5 ; yet the deaths were only
20.75.
I here annex the weekly average of the thermometer
and of the deaths, from the first of August to the
7th of November, for the reader's inspection*.
Average of 
thermometer. 
Average of 
deaths.
August 1 to 7, 84 9
8 to 14, 85 7
15 to 21, 83 7
22 to 28, 77 15
92 to 31, 85 17
Sept. 1 to 7, 81 19
8 to 14, 74 35
15 to 21 75 65
22 to 28, 76 70
29 and 30, 74 60
Oct. 1 to 7, 71 72
8 to 14, 71 100
15 to 21, 58 67
22 to 28, 58 39
29 to 31, 46 18
Nov 1 to 7, 58 l5
From the above table it appears, that during the
* When the fractions exceed half, an unit is added; when they
are below half, they are rejected. 

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month of September, there was a rapid increase regu-
larly of deaths, except on the 29th and 30th, although
the weather was growing cooler nearly the whole
time. Let any advocate of the theory of cold and
rain, compare the first week in September with the
second week in October. He will see that the former
was ten degrees warmer than the latter, yet the mor-
tality of the one, was only a fifth part of the other.
If he will, after this, say that the difference of 13 de-
grees between the second week in October and the
3d and 4th, will account for a reduction of the mor-
tality from 100 to 67, and then to 39, I can only
answer, that an inveterate prejudice too often clouds
the reason, and renders it impossible to see the truth,
however evident.
In opposition to what I have advanced, it has been
observed, that the unfavourable effects of very sul-
try days were felt for several succeeding ones. This
is a weak resource, as will appear from examining the
table. The heat of the first and second weeks in Oc-
tober was the same: yet the mortality in the second
was nearly one half more than in the first. The heat of
the fourth was equal to that of the third, although in
the former the deaths were nearly double what they
were in the latter.
I hope, therefore, the reader will acknowledge, that
the Great Disposer of winds and rains, took his own
time, and without the means, either moral or physi-
cal, on which we placed our chief reliance, to rescue
the remnant of us from destruction
CHAP. XV.—-Origin of the disorder.
THIS disorder has most unquestionably been im-
ported from the West Indies. As yet, however,
owing to various obvious reasons, it is difficult to fix,
with absolute precision, on the vessel or vessels, (for
it is very probable it came in several, from the dif-
ferent infected islands) by which it was introduced.
That it is an imported disorder, rests on the following
reasons, each of which, singly, justifies the theory, but 

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all, collectively, establish it to the satisfaction of every
candid and reasonable man.
1st. The yellow fever existed in several of the
West India islands a long time before its appearance
here*.
2d. Various vessels from those islands arrived here
in July.
3d. Scarcely any precautions were used to guard a-
gainst the disorder.
4th. A respectable citizen of Philadelphia, super-
cargo of one of our vessels, saw, in July, six or seven
people sick of this fever on board a brig at Cape
François bound for our port†.
5th. A vessel from Cape François, which arrived
here in July, lost several of her people with this fever,
on her passage.
* Extract from a London paper, of August 13, 1793.
" The plague, brought from Bulam, which first made its
" appearance at Grenada, has spread most alarmingly. Eighty
" persons died in one day at Grenada of this epidemic. The
" hurricane months just coming on, are not likely to make it
" less violent in its effects."
" [It appears by a subsequent paragraph in the same paper,
" that the disease was ascertained to be the yellow fever.]"
Extract from the Courier, a London paper, of August 24.
" Before the fleet left Antigua so great was the apprehension
" entertained there of the plague, that all vessels from Grena-
" da, were obliged to perform quarantine ; and all letters from
" the latter island were smoaked at the former. The infection
" was reported to have reached Dominica."
Extract from the Observer, a London paper, of August 25.
" The plague, we are distressed to hear, has made its appear- 
" ance in several of our West India islands. At Grenada, and 
" Dominica, the symptoms are said to be highly alarming."
Extract from a Kingston paper, of October 12.
" The islands of Barbadoes and Dominica continue to be
" afflicted with a malignant fever ; about 300 white inhabitants
" have perished in the former, and near 500 in the latter."
† To any enquirer I am ready to communicate the name of the
supercargo, and the name of the brig. 

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6th. A person from Cape François, died of this
fever at Marcus Hook‡—and another at Chester§-
7th. The vessels in which those persons arrived, and
which were infected with the effluvia of the sick and
dead, came freely to our wharves, and particularly
to that very one where the disorder made its first ap-
pearance.
8th. Persons sick of the yellow fever have been
landed in our city from vessels arrived from the West
Indies*.
9th. Dead bodies have been seen deposited secretly
on board some of those vessels.
10th. There is the strongest reason to believe, that
the beds and bedding of the sick and dead were not
destroyed, but, on the contrary, brought into our city.
11th. This disorder had every characteristic symp-
tom that marked it on former occasions, when its im-
portation was unquestioned.
Lastly, Of all the reasons advanced to support the o-
pinion of its having been generated here, the only one,
that has even the appearance of plausibility, viz. the
influence of a tropical season, such as we had last sum-
mer, is unanswerably refuted by the concurring testi-
mony of Lind, Lining, Warren, and Bruce, who, in
the most unequivocal manner, have declared that it
does not depend on the weather.
" It does not appear, from the most accurate ob-
" servations of the variations of the weather, or any
" difference of the seasons, which I have been able to
" make for several years past, that this fever is any
" way caused, or much influenced by them ; for I
" have seen it at all times, and in all seasons, in the
‡I do hereby declare, that I was at Marcus Hook late in July,
when a woman, who had been landed there from one of the ves-
sels lately from Cape François, died ; that I was informed by a
French person, a neighbour, that she died of the yellow fever ;
that this person burned a quantity of tar at the door, for the
purpose, as he informed me, of purifying the air.
JOHN MASSEY.
§ My information of the death of this person is derived from
a letter written by dr. William Martin to dr. Currie.
* Major Hodgdon and others can testify to the truth of this. 

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" coolest, as well as in the hottest time of the
" year."*
" This fever does not seem to take its origin from
" any particular constitution of the weather, indepen-
" dent of infectious miasmata, as dr. Warren has for-
" merly well observed; for within these twenty-five
" years, it has been only four times epidemical in
" this town, namely in the autumns of the years
" 1732, 39, 45, and 48, though none of those years,
" (excepting that of 1739, whose summer and au-
" tumn were remarkably rainy) were either warm-
" er or more rainy, (and some of them less so) than 
" the summers and autumns were in several other
" years, in which we had not one instance of any
" one seized with this fever : which is contrary to
" what would have happened, if particular constitutions
" of the weather, were productive of it, without infecti-
" ous miasmasa†."
" In omni anni tempestate, sese effert hic morbus;
" symptomata autem graviora observantur, ubi calor
" magnus cum multa humiditate conjungitur‡."
CHAP. XVI. Desultory facts and reflexions. A collec-
tion of scraps*.
THE want of a lazaretto, whither persons labour-
ing under contagious disorders, might be sent,
and of a proper law on the subject, empowering the
civil authority to interpose with the necessary energy,
* Hillary on diseases of Barbadoes, page 146.
† Lining, Essays and observations, political and literary, vol.
II. page 406.
‡ Bruce, quoted by Lind on hot climates, 237.
§ This and the succeeding chapter calls for some apology.
Many of the anecdotes herein related, are of little importance,
except from their having a tendency to reflect light on the state
of the public mind during a time in which men were most com-
pletely taken by surprise. Considering the subject in this point
of view, hardly any occurrence, of so eventful a period, ought
to be suffered to sink in oblivion. Some, of a ludicrous turn, are
introduced as a relief to the sombre complexion of a narrative
in which the predominant characters are death and destruction, 
and a cold regard for self alone. 

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at the first inroad of such a dreadful destroyer, has
been the cause of our late sufferings ; for, humanly
speaking, had decisive measures been adopted any
time before the first of September, while the disorder
existed only in one street, and in a few houses in that
street, there can be little doubt, that it might have
been very soon extinguished. But the former suf-
ferings of this place in 1762, were soon forgotten—-
and no steps taken to provide for the removal of
such an evil in future, after it should invade the city.
It is to be hoped Our legislature, as well as that of
every state in the union, will see the propriety of giv-
ing this important subject the consideration it so am-
ply deserves, and of making provision against like
calamities in future. In Italy, at Spalato, where the
plague raged fifteen or twenty years ago, if the infect-
ed did not reveal their situation to the proper au-
thority, they were subjected to capital punishment 
and the same penalty was denounced against such as
did not inform of infected persons, when they knew
of them. This is too severe for the paternal mild-
ness of our criminal code ; but some penalties ought
to be denounced in such cases. Indeed, were lazaret-
tos on a proper establishment, it would be an object
of desire with the sick, to be transported to them.
It is hardly conceivable that the funeral of entire
strangers could afford subject of satisfaction. Yet they
have produced that effect. After being so long accusto-
med to behold the bodies of the dead, drawn to the
grave on the shafts of a chair, the sight of a corpse
carried by men to be interred, afforded something like
the appearance of former times ; and I believe the
satisfaction excited by that consideration absorbed
every thought of the deceased.
The appearance of most of the grave yards in Phila-
delphia is extremely awful. They exhibit a strong like-
ness of ploughed fields ; and were any thing capable

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of stamping on our breasts indelible impressions of the
uncertainty of the tenure by which we hold our very
precarious existence, a turn though one of our burial 
grounds could not possibly fail to produce that effect.
But it is to be feared, that with the danger will vanish
all recollection of the distressing scenes we have passed
through.
It has been denied that a person is twice susceptible
of the yellow fever. The opinion, as it has a good
tendency, to inspire confidence in convalescents, and
in those who have quite recovered, might perhaps as
well be suffered to pass uncontroverted, were not
truth the object. Several persons in this city, have 
been twice sick with this disorder. I know it is usual
to call this a relapse. But relapse or not, those peo-
ple whom I mean, have been ill-—have recovered en-
tirely—-and been a second time taken down. Some
of them are now no more, witness mr. Fleming. Mr. 
William Young was worse the second time than the 
first.
One observation, of great importance to the cause 
of humanity, escaped me in the former editions, and
ought to be very particularly attended to in every 
such dreadful crisis as we have experienced. Of the 
very large number of persons who have fallen under
this disorder, it is not improbable that a half or a third
have perished merely for want of necessary care and
attention, owing to the extraordinary panic. Almost 
all the remarkable cases of recovery are to be ascribed, 
under providence, to the fidelity of husbands, wives, 
children, and servants, who braved the danger, and 
determined to obey the dictates of humanity. There 
are various instances of persons who may be said to
have been by these means snatched from the grasp of
death ; having been so far reduced, as to have their 
coffins made.—-And for the encouragement of those
who may, at any other time, or in any other place,
have friends or relatives in this disorder, let it be 

(73)
remarked, that few of those who discharged their
duty to their families, have suffered by it. There are
instances of individuals, who have nursed and attend-
ed on six, eight and ten persons unremittingly, in
their own houses, without ever taking the infection.
Others, before their own illness, and after their reco-
covery, nursed and restored their families. Willi-
am Young had no less than ten in his house sick, and
nearly all ,at one time. He attended on them till he
was taken ill; and, during his sickness, gave direc-
tions for the management of them, as effectually as
if he was well. After his recovery, he again attended
them himself. Of his whole family, his wife only died ;
and it is supposed her death was accelerated by her
being in an advanced stage of pregnancy. There are
cases of single persons having the disorder in large
families of eight, ten, and twelve, and none catching
it from them. In the family of David Clarke, who
died of the malignant fever, there were no less than
twenty-two persons, not one of whom caught the in-
fection, altho' he had the same attention paid him by
all his family, as if he had been in any other disorder.
Not one of the carters employed by the committee
in the very dangerous office of removing the sick and
burying the dead, ever had it*. The nurses at Bush-
hill have all escaped, except two ; as have the worthy
managers. Thomas Boyles, the tenant, who occupied
the building at Bushhill, at the time it was taken as an
hospital, that is, the 31st of August, lived there until
* Let not the humble sphere of life in which he moves, pre-
vent me from here mentioning a worthy and faithful man, Tho-
mas Wilkinson, employed by the committee, in burying the
dead, and removing the sick, from their organization till the ex-
tinction of the disorder. Such was the noxious situation of ma-
ny dead bodies, that he frequently returned vomiting from the
performance of his duty. In one instance, in raising the corpse
of a woman several days dead, he was covered with putrescent
blood. Yet he still persevered in the most unwearied manner,
through dangers, that render his preservation equally astonish-
ing with that of Girard, Helm, Helmuth, mrs. Saville, and
others. It is to be hoped the corporation will find some comfor-
table situation for him, in which to pass the remainder of
his days.
K 

(74)
the 29th of October, with his wife and six children,
none of whom were ever affected with the malignant
fever. Let these instances suffice at all future times to
prevent fear from totally overpowering the under-
standing, and producing scenes of cruelty that make
a feeling being blush for his species.
Among the country people, large quantities of wild
pigeons in the spring are regarded as certain indica-
tions of an unhealthy summer. Whether or not this
prognostic has ever been verified before, I cannot tell.
But it is very certain, that during the last spring,
the numbers of those birds brought to market, were
immense. Never, perhaps, were there so many before.
Several classes of people were highly benefited by
the public distress. Coffin-makers had full employ-
ment, and in general high prices for their work.
Most of the retail stores being shut up, those that re-
mained open, had an uncommon demand ; as the
whole of the business was divided among a few.
Those who had carriages to hire, to transport families
to the country, received whatever they pleased to re-
quire. The holders of houses at from three, to twenty
miles from the city, who chose to rent the whole or
part of them, had high rents. The two notaries, who
protested for the banks, profited highly by the absence
of the merchants and traders.
I have learned with great pleasure, that a few land-
lords, commiserating the distresses of their tenants,
have come to the very humane resolution of remit-
ting the payment of rents due during the prevalence
of the disorder. Were they to enter into resolutions
generally to do the same, it would reflect honour on
them. But there are some, whose hardened hearts
know no compassion, and who will have " the pound
" of flesh-—the penalty of the bond." Indeed, when
the disorder was at the highest stage, some landlords 

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seized the small property of poor roomkeepers, who 
were totally unable to pay their rent. A man wrote
to the committee, informing them that the poverty
of his tenants rendered it impossible for them to pay
him ; he therefore begged the committee would, as
they were appointed to relieve the poor, pay the ar-
rears due him ! Another person, a wealthy widow,
procured recommendations for some poor roomkeep-
ers, her tenants ; and the committee gave them each
a small fum. As soon as they had received it, she seiz-
ed the money and their clothes !
A man lost his wise with the disorder. He had it
himself, lost his sight totally, and was left pennyless,
with two infant children. Yet his landlord, before his
convalescence was complete, seized his clothes and
furniture, and turned him out of doors !!!
" You may as well use question with the wolf,
" Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb,
" As seek to soften that (than which what's harder ?)
" His flinty heart."-- Shakespeare.
I hope the reader takes more pleasure in perusing
cases reflecting honour on human nature, than those
of a different description. An amiable woman in New
York, feeling for the situation of the numerous or-
phans in this city, wrote to a member of the commit-
tee, to choose her one of them, as nearly resembling
a child she had lost, as possible. She particularly de-
sired one without connexions, if such could be pro-
cured. She proposes to adopt it, and, with her hus-
band, to bestow on it all the tenderness one of her
own would have had. Would it not be unjust to
withhold her name ? Every reader answers, yes-—and
I will therefore reveal it—-Susan Willet. Several appli-
cations of a similar nature have been made by some
of our own citizens.
In the summer of 1791, the yellow fever prevailed
in New York, in a part of Water-street, and in pro-
portion to the sphere of its action, was as fatal there as 

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it has been here. It began in August, and continued
till the middle of September, when it totally disappear-
ed, and has never since visited that place. This should
ease the fears of many among us, who, always view-
ing the black side of every thing, terrify people with
their prognostications, that we shall have it again next
spring or summer. All the symptoms were full as dan-
gerous and alarming in New York, as in Philadelphia.
Many persons died in three days ; " stupor, delirium,
" yellowness, the black vomit, and death, rapidly suc-
" ceeding each other." ‡ It spread no farther at that
time, than the one street, although no precautions, as
far as I can learn, were taken to prevent its extension.
The same species of disorder raged in this city in
1762, with great violence. It disappeared in the month
of November, and has not from that time until this
year visited Philadelphia.
The summer and fall of this year have been un-
healthy in many parts of the union, as well as in Phi-
ladelphia. At Lynn, in Massachusetts, I have been
informed, but have no means of ascertaining the
truth or falsehood of the report, that a malignant
fever, not unlike ours, prevailed in August. In many
of the towns of Virginia, intermittent fevers have
been much more prevalent and mortal than they have
been at former periods. Georgetown and its vicinity,
which are in general very healthy, lost, in the course
of a few weeks in summer, an unexampled number of
people by the flux, which disorder has raged with
great violence in many parts of America. The influ-
enza has generally spread through the union, and
been very fatal. It has been twice in Vermont, where
likewise the putrid sore throat has carried off numbers.
At Harrisburg and Middletown, in this state, the flux
and a putrid fever have been extremely destructive,
and swept away, I am credibly informed, a fifteenth
‡ Letter from a physician in New York, to his friend in New
Jersey. Federal Gazette, Sep. 21, 1793. 

(77)
part of the inhabitants. Delaware state, particularly
Kent county, has suffered much from fall fevers,
which have produced a very great mortality. At Do-
ver, in the same state, a bilious colic raged with great
violence, during last summer, and was extremely fatal.
At Pauling's Kill, in Sussex county, New Jersey, a
bilious and remittent fever has made very great ha-
voc. And various other places have experienced a
mortality, very uncommon, and which, but for the ca-
lamity of Philadelphia absorbing public attention every
where, and being the standard of comparison, would
have created great alarms and uneasiness.
Of the number of citizens who fled away, it is diffi-
cult to form any accurate estimate. In the city, from
Vine to South street, which has been surveyed by a
man employed by the committee, of 21,000 inhabi-
tants, the number of absent people is stated to be 8600.
But as this business was several weeks performing,
considerable variations must necessarily have taken
place. The emigration was not finished in those streets
examined in the early part of his progress,-—and to-
wards the latter part, the returns had been already
considerable. One may be supposed to balance the other,
and the removals in the liberties to have been equal to
those in the city. We shall therefore probably not err
much, when we estimate the number who left the city
at about 17,000. This is not so many as I formerly
supposed, having estimated them at 23,000. Which
of the two is accurate, or whether either of them is
so, I leave the reader to determine.
The effect of fear in predisposing the body for the yel-
low fever and other disorders, and increasing their
malignance, when taken, is well known. The fol-
lowing exception to the general rule, which may be
depended on, is curious and interesting. A young wo-
man, whose fears were so very prevalent, as not only
to render her unhappy from the commencement of
the disorder, but even to interfere with the happiness 

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of the family with whom she lived, had to attend on
seven persons, all of whom were in a very dangerous
state, and one of whom died. Her attendance was assi-
duous and unremitted for nearly three weeks. Yet she
has never been in the slightest degree affected.
The watches and clocks in this city, during the dis-
order, were almost always wrong. Hardly any of the
watchmakers remained-—and few people paid atten-
tion how time passed. One night, the watchmen cried
ten o'clock when it was only nine, and continued
the mistake all the succeeding hour.
The Hope, a vessel from Londonderry, arrived in our
river towards the end of August. The passengers had
a malignant disorder among them, in consequence of
which, orders were issued to have them landed at
State Island, that they might undergo examination.
Nevertheless, several of them came to the city, and
added to the dangers already existing. The mayor,
on the 3d of September, issued a proclamation, calling
upon the citizens not only to use their endeavours
to detect such as had arrived, and to prevent others
from coming, without procuring the proper certifi-
cates ; but to make report to one of the magistrates,
of the names of those by whom they were harbour-
ed, that they might be prosecuted according to law.
On this subject an obvious reflexion arises, which I
will not suppress. Our citizens have generally been
in the habit of severely censuring the inhabitants of
those places in which very strict precautions were ta-
ken, to prevent the spreading of the disorder that
prevailed here ; and yet we see that our own conduct,
in a case nearly similar, has not been very different.
I would not wish to be understood as if I meant to
justify the whole of the proceedings that took place
every where ; far from it; some of them have been
to the last degree severe, and unnecessarily so ; for all
the cautions requisite, were compatible with a small 

(79)
degree of attention to the comfort and convenience
of fellow citizens, in good health, travelling for busi-
ness, for pleasure, or the preservation of health, and
even of life.—-Whereas in many places it would ap-
pear as if the harshest mode of carrying harsh mea-
sures into effect, was purposely adopted. My intenti-
on is merely to show, that such as indiscriminately
vilify those who have resorted to precautions dictated
by prudence, do not weigh the matter in the scales of
impartial justice.
Governor Moultrie's proclamation, announcing the
existence of the malignant fever in the Grenadas, &c.
and ordering a quarantine, is dated the 7th of June.
Some of the postmasters, in the different states, used
the precaution to dip Philadelphia letters into vinegar
with a pair of tongs, before they handled them. Seve-
ral of the subscribers for Philadelphia papers, made
their servants sprinkle them with vinegar, and dry
them at the fire, before they would venture to touch
them.
Joseph Inskeep attended several sick persons in a
family near him. When he was ill himself, he wanted
assistance*, and sent for some of them to attend him—-
but they ungratefully refused ! O Shame ! where is
thy blush ?
Many of our citizens who fled from, the city,
neglected or forgot to leave their servants money
enough for their support; so that some of these poor
creatures had to depend for sustenance on the chari-
ty of their neighbours.
Some of our unemployed tradesmen wished to pro-
cure work at the new roads now making. But the
* His wife was ill at the same time. 

(80)
people who were employed, agreed, that if they were
engaged, that they would all abandon their work; so
that the overseers were obliged to renounce the idea.
The incautious security of the citizens of Phila-
delphia, at the first stage of the disorder, is highly
to be regretted. Most of those who died of the malig-
nant disorder, before the 26th of August, were earn-
ed to burial with the accustomed parade of atten-
dants which so generally prevails in this city. The
chief of the persons who at that time carried the dead
to the grave, and several of those who attended the
funerals, were speedily taken sick, and hurried into
eternity.
Sebastian Ale, an old grave-digger, who had long
lost the sense of smelling, fancied he could not take
the disorder, and followed his business without ap-
prehension. A husband and his wife who lay sick to-
gether, wished to be interred in the same grave. Their 
deaths happened within a few days of each other.
When the latter of the two was to be buried, Sebas-
tian was employed to dig open the other's grave. He
struck upon and broke the coffin, and in stooping
down, received into his mouth such an intolerable
and deadly stench, that he was taken sick immediately,
and in a day or two died.
The scourge of the yellow fever has fallen with ex-
treme severity on some families. There are various
instances of five and six, and some of eight, ten, and
of Godfrey Gebler's family no less than eleven were 
swept off the face of the earth. Dr. Sproat, his wife, 
son, and daughter-—Michael Hay, his wife, and three
children-—David Flickwir and five of his family--Sa- 
muel Weatherby, wife, and,four grown children, are 
no more. And there are numberless instances of a 
havoc equally great in particular families. There is
one house in this city, from which above twenty per- 

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sons were carried, some to Bushhill, but the most of
them to the grave.
There is one fact respecting this disorder, which
renders it probable, that the exercise of the duties
of humanity towards the fugitive Philadelphians,
would not have been attended with the danger uni-
versally imagined. In defiance of all the resolutions
entered into by the inhabitants of various towns, ma-
ny of our infected citizens evaded their vigilance, and
took refuge among them ; and in very few cases is it
known that they communicated the infection.—-Three
persons died of this disorder, in one house near Wood-
bury, in New Jersey ; they had been attended during
their illness, by the family, none of whom caught the
disease. Six or seven died at Darby, as many at Ger-
mantown, and eight at Haddonfield, without com-
municating it to any of the inhabitants. A man from
Philadelphia, of the name of Cornell, died in New
York, about two days after his arrival. The place of
his death was a boarding house, in which were several
boarders, one of whom slept in the same bed with him.
Two of the family only were slightly affected-—but
not in such a degree as to require medical aid. Seve-
ral other infected persons from our city, died there,
and no one caught the infection from them. A man
died at one of the principal taverns in Baltimore, of
the same disorder. Many people had visited and atten-
ded him during the whole of his illness, without in-
jury. No person was affected but his doctor, whose in-
disposition was not of long continuance. A great num-
ber of similar instances have occurred at Burlington,
Bordenton, Lamberton, Princeton, Brunswic, Wood-
bridge, Newark, Lancaster, and various other places.
Since the first edition appeared, I have had infor-
mation from a number of creditable persons, that the
idea that the disorder has not been communicated out
of Philadelphia, is erroneous. A family, of the name
of Hopper, near Woodbury, took it from some of our
infected citizens, and three of them died. A woman 
I

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in Chester county, who had boarded and lodged some 
of the sick, died of the malignant fever. Three peo-
ple, of one family in Trenton, took it from a sick per-
son from Philadelphia, and died of it. A negro servant
belonging to mr. Morgan, of Pensaucon creek, in
New Jersey, took up an infected bed floating in the
Delaware, which spread the disorder in the family,
and mrs. Morgan and her girl both died of it. It was
introduced by his son from Philadelphia, into the fa-
mily of mr. Cadwallader, at Abington, some of whom
died with it. Some others in different places caught
the infection, and died. But the cases of this kind
have been extremely few, considering the numbers,
who carried the disorder from hence, and died with
it in the country.
CHAP. XVII. Another collection of scraps.
THOSE who reflect on the many shocking cases of
cruelty and desertion of friends and relations
which occurred in Philadelphia, however they may re-
gret, cannot be surprised, that in the country, and in
various towns and cities, inhumanity should be expe-
rienced by Philadelphians, from strangers. The uni-
versal consternation extinguished in people's breasts
the most honourable feelings of human nature ; and in
this case, as in various others, the suspicion operated
as injuriously as the reality. Many travelers from this
city, exhausted with fatigue and with hunger, have
been refused shelter and sustenance, and have fallen
victims to the fears, not to the want of charity, of
those to whom they applied for relief*. Instances of
this kind have occurred on almost every road leading 
from Philadelphia. People under suspicion of having
this disorder, have been forced by their fellow travel-
lers to quit the stages, and perished in the woods with-
out a possibility of procuring any assistance. At Easton,
in Maryland, a waggon-load of goods from Philadel-
* The fugitive Philadelphians were in general as strict in their
precautions against them who fled later than they, as any of the
country people. 

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phia was actually burned ; and a woman, who came 
with it, was, it is said, tarred and feathered !
In a town in Jersey, an association was entered into
to prevent all intercourse with Philadelphia, and the
inhabitants agreed to mount guard, alternately. One
man, who was principled against this severity, refused
to do duty, or join in the combination. He was adver-
tised, and all people forbidden to have any communi-
cation with him-—indeed he was absolutely refused
the necessaries of life-—a butcher, who passed his door,
told him, when applied to for provisions, that he had
meat enough, but none for him. Having gone, for
a short time, from home, in the direction towards
Philadelphia, but not within thirty miles of the city,
the centinel on duty stopped him on his return—-and
he persisting in his determination to proceed, the
other presented his firelock, and it is supposed would
have shot him, but for the interference of a third
person.
The son of a citizen of Philadelphia arrived at a
town in Virginia fourteen days before the time of
fixing the quarantine, which was for twenty days.
However, he was still obliged to undergo the full qua-
rantine after that time, which made thirty-four days,
exclusive of above six days spent on the road.
An emigrant from Philadelphia, who had been
away nearly three weeks, had to cross a ferry in a
neighbouring state, and was provided with proper
certificates of the length of time he was absent. He
got into the scow, with his wife, and carriage, and
was rowed over to the opposite side. There he was re-
fused permission to land, as he had not a certificate
from a particular magistrate in that part of the coun-
try. He leaped out of the scow, on a rock, and the
centinel swore he would blow his brains out, if he
advanced a step farther. His wife, who was in the
boat, was under the most dreadful apprehensions, as
the ferrymen were drunk, the horses in the carriage 

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fretful, and the wind high. In spite of his intreaties,
and his offers to prove the length of his absence, he
was obliged to return in quest of the magistrate poin-
ted out. When he arrived at his house, which was
several miles from the ferry, the justice concealed him-
self, though fear of catching the disorder. He then
went to another, some miles further back. By the time
he returned to the ferry, it was nine o'clock, and
he had to wait till next morning.
A poor man was taken sick on the road at a village
not far from Philadelphia. He lay calling for water,
a considerable time in vain. At length, an old woman
brought a pitcher full, and not daring to approach
him, she laid it at a distance, desiring him to crawl to
it, which he did. After lying there about forty-eight
hours, he died ; and the body lay in a state of putre-
faction for some time, Until the neighbours hired two
black butchers to bury him, for twenty-four dollars.
They dug a pit to windward—-with a fork, hooked
a rope about his neck—-dragged him into it-—and 
at as great a distance as possible, cast earth into the pit
to cover him. 
One of our citizens lost his brother in the country
with the malignant fever ; and, owing to the fears of
the neighbours, could not prevail on any person ever,
to make him a coffin. He was obliged to wrap him up
in a blanket, to dig a grave for him, and bury him;
with his own hands.
In a small town not far distant from Philadelphia,
very arbitrary attempts were unfeelingly made to
oblige one of our fugitives to mount guard against
his own fellow citizens. He refused ; and finding him
resolute against every effort, they were obliged to
desist. 
In one of the American ports, a Philadelphia ves-
sel, just arrived, was forced to return to sea with only 

(85)
two gallons of water for each man. In the same port,
one of the captains from our city had his boat stove
to pieces.
The 17th of September, the western shore Baltimore
stage was stopped about two miles from that town,
by an armed guard. The hour of arrival was about
eight o'clock at night. There was a tavern at pistol-
shot from the place. But the tavern keeper refused to
receive the passengers, twelve in number. They were
detained on the road all night without any shelter
but the stage, in which they dozed a part of the
night; during the remainder of it, they lay before
a fire which they had kindled in the woods. Next
morning, the tavern-keeper, one Murray, an inhuman
Goth, when they sent to him for breakfast, refused to
give them any. But about two hours afterwards, he
let them have some bread, cheese, wine, and cider,
with which they breakfasted on the road. In this situ-
ation they remained until the afternoon, that is, for
eighteen hours. A captain in the French navy, with
his wife, and several French gentlemen, were among
the passengers.
A respectable citizen of Philadelphia left the city
on the 17th of September, intending to reside on
Long Island till the disorder ceased. He was taken ill
on the road—-and prevented from proceeding, near
Newark. He took lodgings at a captain Littel's near
Second river. The alarm spread of an infected man
being in the house-—the neighbours assembled--fixed a
fence on each side of Littel's house, and obliged the
people to remove out of a house near to it, which the
fence likewise enclosed. The road and river lay before
Littel's door ; the former was entirely cut off by the
fence, which run clear to the river. At the distance
of a hundred yards, was a church, in which public
worship was intermitted for three or four weeks,
through fear. Travellers took a circuitous route of
above a mile, to avoid danger.

(86)
At length he died—-and his son, about nine years
old, had to assist in performing the last melancholy
rites for him. The fence remained for ten days after
his death, to ascertain whether or not his family had
taken the disorder.
Justice requires me to add, that they were not suf-
fered to be in want of any necessaries. They were di-
rected to write what they had occasion for, on a paper
and fasten it on the fence. Persons were appointed to
supply them with whatever was requisite.
An artful girl, just from Philadelphia, completely
deceived the centinel stationed near Bordentown. She
asked him, with much earnestness, as if afraid to ven-
ture in, was that there confounded yellow fever got
into the town ?—-" No," says he, " you may go in
with as much aafety as to your own home." I need not
add, that she went forward.
A Philadelphian, in a small town near this city, lost
his child in the fever, and went to bury it. On his
return, he found all his furniture on the road, and the
doors locked : and no intreaties could again procure
him admittance.
When tar was in use among the various preventa-
tives, a boy was determined to secure himself by night
as well as by day ; and accordingly tied a tarred rope
twice about his neck, and afterwards buttoned his
collar with some difficulty. He woke in the night,
half strangled, and black in the face. He may with
justice be said to have nearly choaked himself, to save
his life.
It would be extraordinary if so very favourable an
opportunity of inventing marvellous stories, should
have been suffered to pass over without some prodi-
gies being recorded. Mankind are ever prone to the 

(87)
extravagant, especially when their passions are warm-
ed. And pity and terror, two passions particularly
calculated to foster this disposition, being roused into
action to the highest degree, the marvellous stories,
which were every where current, and which even
stole into print, can be easily accounted for. Some of
the Maryland papers relate, that " a voice had been
heard in the streets of Philadelphia, warning the
inhabitants to prepare for their doom, as written
in the prophet Ezekiel, ch. 27." The Marylander
who heard this voice, was certainly gifted with a most
extraordinary ear, as, at the distance of above a hun-
dred miles, he heard what we could not hear on the
spot. And it would appear that his sight was equally
good with his hearing ; for he saw two angels con-
versing with the watch. It is true, he is too modest to
say, he saw them himself—-he only says " two angels
were seen converting with the watch at midnight,
about the subject of what the voice had previously
proclaimed." But no person here having ever seen
them-—it is fairly presumable, as it would be highly
criminal to doubt of facts resting on such authority,
that he must have been the eye-witness himself.
A merchant of Philadelphia, who had been absent
for several weeks, was returning to the city in the
second week of November, having heard that the
danger was no more. He met a man on the road go-
ing from Philadelphia ; and naturally enquired into
the state of affairs. The other told him, that a coffin
maker, who had been employed by the committee for
relief of the sick, had found such a decrease of de-
mand two weeks before, that he had a large supply
of coffins on hand ; but that the mortality had again
so far increased, that he had sold all, and had seven
journeymen employed day and night. This so alarmed
the Philadelphian, that he again returned with his fa-
mily, to wait a more favourable issue. 

(88)
A drunken sailor lay in the street, in the northern
liberties, for a few hours asleep, and was supposed by
the neighbours to be dead with the disorder ; but
they were too much afraid, to make personal exami-
nation. They sent to the committee at the city hall for
a cart and a coffin. The carter took the man by the
heels, and was going to put him into the coffin.
Handling him roughly, he awoke, and damning his
eyes, asked him what he was about ? the carter let
him drop in a fright, and ran off as if a ghost was
at his heels.
A lunatic, who had the malignant fever, was ad-
vised, by his neighbours, to go to Bushhill. He con-
sented, and got into the cart ; but soon changing his
mind, he slipt out at the end, unknown to the car-
ter, who, after a while, missing him, and seeing him at
a distance running away, turned his horse about, and
trotted hard after him. The other doubled his pace ;
and the carter whipped his horse to a gallop ; but the
man turned a corner, and hid himself in a house, leav-
ing the mortified carter to return, and deliver an ac-
count of his ludicrous adventure.
Several instances have occurred of the carters on
their arrival at Bushhill, and proceeding to deliver
up their charge, finding, to their amazement, the carts
empty.
A woman, whose husband died, refused to have
him buried in a coffin provided for her by one of her
friends, as too paltry and mean. She bought an ele-
gant and costly one-—and had the other laid by in the
yard. In a week, she was herself a corpse—-and was
buried in the very coffin she had so much despised.
The wife of a man who lived in Walnut-street,
was seized with the malignant fever, and given over
by the doctors. The husband abandoned her, and 

(89)
next night lay out of the house for fear of catching
the infection. In the morning, taking it for granted,
from the very low state she had been in, that she was
dead, he purchased a coffin for her; but on entering
the house, was surprised to see her much recovered.
He fell sick shortly after, died, and was buried in the
very coffin, which he had so precipitately bought for
his wife, who is still living.
The powers of the god of love might be imagined
to lie dormant amidst such scenes of distress as Bush-
hill exhibited. But we find that his sway was felt
there with equal force as any where else. John John-
don, and Priscilla Hicks, two of the patients, who had
recovered, and officiated as nurses to the sick, were
smitten with each other's charms—-and, procuring leave
of absence for an hour or two, they came to the city
on the 23d of September, were joined in the bands
of matrimony, and returned to their avocation at the
hospital. A long chasm took place in the hymeneal re-
cords ; for no adventure of the same kind occurred,
until the 5th of November, when Nassy, a Portu-
guese mulatto, took to wife Hannah Smith, a
bouncing German girl, who, as well as himself, was
employed as nurse.
The state of the police and of society in Philadel-
phia, appears to no small advantage, when we consider
one circumstance. Notwithstanding the absence of the
magistrates, and the immense value of property left
unprotected through the fears of the owners, and the
deaths of the persons left to take care of it, there was
only one or two burglaries committed.-—One was at-
tempted : but the rogues were discovered and taken.
A hardened villain from a neighbouring state, formed
a plot with some negroes to plunder houses. He was
a master rogue, had digested a complete system, and
formed a large partnership for the more successful ex-
ecution of his schemes. However, he was soon seized,
and the company disssolved.
M

(90)
The jail of Philadelphia is under such excellent re-
gulation, that the disorder made its appearance there
only in two or three instances, although such abodes
of misery are the places where contagious disorders are
moat commonly generated. When the yellow fever
raged moat violently in the city, there were in the
jail one hundred and six French soldiers and sailors,
confined by order of the French consul; besides eighty
convicts, vagrants, and persons for trial; all of whom,
except two or three, remained perfectly free from the
complant. Several circumstances conspired to produce
this salutary effect. The people confined were frequent-
ly cleansed and purified by the use of the cold bath
-—they were kept constantly employed-—vegetables
formed a considerable part of their diet-—in the yard,
vegetation flourished-—and many of them being em-
ployed in stone-cutting, the water, constantly running,
kept the atmosphere in a moist state, while the peo-
ple of Philadelphia were almost uninterruptedly
parched up by unceasing heat. Elijah Weed, the
late jailor, caught the disorder in the city, and died
in the jail, without communicating it to any of the
people confined. I hope I shall be excused for paying a
tribute to the memory of this valuable citizen, under
whose government of the jail, and with whose hearty
co-operation, most of the regulations in that institu-
tion have been effected, which, with the successful
experiments made in England, prove that jails may
be easily converted from sinks of human depravity
and wretchedness, into places of reformation ; so that,
instead of rendering the idle vagrant, confined
merely on suspicion, or for want of friends to protect
him, obdurate, wicked, and ripe for rapine and spoil,
—-the profligate and abandoned may be so reclaimed
in them, as, on their liberation, to become useful
members of society. For the honour of human nature,
it ought to be recorded, that some of the convicts
in the jail, apart of the term of whose confinement
had been remitted, as a reward for their peaceable, or-
derly behaviour, voluntarily offered themselves as
nurses, to attend the sick at Bush-hill, and have in

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that capacity conducted themselves with great fidelity.
Among them are some who were formerly regarded,
and with justice, as hardened, abandoned villains,
which the old system usually rendered every tenant
of a jail, who remained there a few weeks. According
to the same summary system, these men's lives would
have been long since offered up as an atonement to
society for the injury they had done it. That is, in plain
English, because society had suffered one injury by ra-
pine, it was necessary it should suffer another by law.
But by the present improved and humane plan, they
and great numbers of others are restored to society
and usefulness once more. So much better, although a
little more troublesome, is it, to reform men, than
to butcher them under colour of law and justice.
The sympathy for our calamities, displayed in vari-
ous places, and the very liberal contributions raised
for our relief, reflect the highest honour on their in-
habitants, and demand our warmest gratitude. The
inhabitants of Gloucester county, in New Jersey, have
the honour of being first in this laudable race. So
early as the 30th of September, they had a considera-
ble sum collected, with which they purchased a quan-
tity of provisions for the use of the hospital at Bush-
hill. They have, from that time, regularly continued
copious supplies twice a week. In addition to this,
they have made, and are now making, considerable
purchases of wood, for the relief of the poor during
the winter. From a few citizens of Philadelphia, near
Germantown, there have been received two thousand
dollars ; from others near Darby, fourteen hundred ;
from New York, five thousand ; from a person un-
known, five hundred ; from Bucks'county, sixteen
hundred; from Delaware county, twelve hundred ;
from Franklin county, nearly five hundred ; from
Boston, sundry articles, which have been sold for
nearly two thousand; and from sundry other persons
and places, contributions equally liberal and honour-
able. 

(92)
There has been a very strong analogy between the
state of Philadelphia, and that of an army. About
the close of August, and till the middle of Septem-
ber, when the dangers were few, and, by prudent 
management, might have been easily surmounted, an
universal trepidation benumbed people's faculties ;
and flight and self-preservation seemed to engross the
whole attention of a large proportion of the citizens.
Just so, with an army of recruits. Every breath of
wind terrifies them. Vague rumours are heard with
fear and trembling. In every tree at a distance is be-
behold a formidable enemy, to whom they are ready
to lay down their arms, and surrender at discretion.
But when the " din of arms, and cannon's rattle"
have familiarized them with the horrid trade of death,
the obstinate phalanx beholds, unmoved its ranks
mowed down, and death advancing, with rapid strides,
to terminate their (as it is falsely termed) glorious career.
-—Even thus was it here. Towards, the close of Sep,
tember, and during the first part of October, when
the horrors of the scene were constantly increasing, and
from fifty to a hundred were interred daily, then
people cast away their various preventatives—-thieves'
vinegar, tarred ropes, garlic, camphor bags, smelling
bottles, &c.--And then it was, that they assumed a
manly fortitude, tempered with the sober, serious pen-
siveness, befitting such an awful scene.
A friend, to whom I communicated this idea, has
endeavoured to explain the matter differently. He
says, that those who were terrified at first, generally
fled away—-and left behind such as were possessed of
a stronger frame of mind. This is an error ; as many
men, who were among the most striking instances of
the influence of terror at first, behaved, in the end,
witn the most exemplary fortitude.
Shall I be pardoned for passing a censure on those,
whose mistaken zeal led them, during the most dread-
ful stages of the calamity, to croud some of our chur-
ches, and aid this frightful enemy in his work of de-
struction ? who, fearful, lest their prayers and adora-

(93)
tion at home would not find acceptance before the
Deity, resorted to churches filled with bodies of con-
tagious air, where, with every breath, they inhaled
noxious miasmata ? To this single cause I am bold in
ascribing a large proportion of the mortality—-And
it is remarkable, that those congregations, whose pla-
ces of worship were most crouded, have suffered the
most dreadfully. Will men never acquire wisdom ?
Are we yet to learn, that the Almighty architect of
the heavens and earth, does not require " temples
" made with men's hands?" that going to a place of
worship, against the great law of self-preservation,
implanted in indelible characters by his divine hand,
on the breast of every one of his creatures, constitutes
no part of the adoration due to the maker and preser-
ver of mankind ? That a " meek and humble heart"
is the temple wherein he delights to be worshipped ? I
hope not—-I hope the awful lesson some of our congre-
gations hold forth on this subject, by a mortality out
of all proportion to their numbers, will serve as a me-
mento, at all future times, in the like critical emer-
gencies !*
Some of those who remained in the city, have, for
reasons not very easy to justify, been in the habit of
reproaching those who fled, with criminality, as deser-
ters, who abandoned their posts†. I believe, on the
* This paragraph, although erroneous, is retained, that I may
have an opportunity, which I chearfully embrace, of acknow-
ledging the mistake I have committed. On a revision of the bills
of mortality, it appears, that those congregations who kept up
religious worship regularly, did not lose more than, and some
not so many as, their usual proportions. In one year, ending
July 31, 1793, the German Lutherans buried more than a sixth
of the whole number of the dead in the city-—the German re-
formed, a fifteenth-—the Friends, a tenth-—and St. Mary's, an
eighth. From August 1, to Nov. 9, 1793, the burials among the
German Lutherans were not quite a sixth-—among the German
Reformed, nearly a sixteenth—-among the Friends, an eleventh—-
and in St. Mary's grave-yard, a sixteenth. These were the con-
gregations I alluded to, in the above remarks.
† If they were even guilty of a crime, it brought its own pu-
nishment; as I am fully convinced, that those who were absent,
and a prey to the anxiety caused by the frightful reports current,
uffered as much as those who remained in the city. 

(94)
contrary, that as the nature of our government did
not allow the arbitrary measures to be pursued, which 
in despotic countries, would probably have extin-
guished the disorder at an early period-—it was the
duty of every person to avoid the danger, whose cir-
cumstances and situation allowed it. The effects of the
desertion were, moreover, salutary*. The sphere of
action of the disorder was diminished. Two or three
empty houses arrested the disease in its progress, as it
was slowly, but surely travelling through a street,
and probably rescued a neighbourhood from its rava-
ges. We shall long have to mourn the severe loss our
city has felt, in being bereft of so many valuable citi-
zens : and had the 17,000, who retired, been in the
city during the prevalence of the disorder, and lost
as large a proportion of their number, as those did
who remained, we should, instead of 4000 dead, have
lost nearly 6000 ; and perhaps had to deplore in the
number, another Clow, a Cay, a Lea, a Sims, a Dun-
kin, a Strawbridge, men of extensive business, whose
loss will be long felt-—a Pennington, a Glentworth,
a Hutchinson, a Sargeant, a Howell, a Waring, men
endowed by heaven with eminent abilities-—a Fle-
ming, a Graessl, a Sproat, men of exalted piety and
virtue-—a Wilson, an Adgate, a Baldwin, a Carroll,
a Tomkins, an Offley, citizens of most estimable cha-
racters. Let those then who have remained, regard
their long-absent friends, as if preserved from death
by their flight, and rejoice at their return in health
and safety. Let those who have been absent, acknow-
ledge the exertions of those who maintained their
ground. Let us all unite in the utmost vigilance to
prevent the return of this fell destroyer, by the most
scrupulous attention to cleansing and purifying our
scourged city—-and let us join in thanksgiving to 
that Supreme Being, who has, in his oven time, stay-
ed the avenging storm, ready to devour us, after it
had laughed to scorn all human efforts.
* Perhaps had all our citizens remained famine would have
been added to our calamity ; whereas, the markets were abun-
dantly supplied during the whole time. The prices, too were
in general not far beyond what they usually are at the same se- 
son of the year.

Committee for relieving the sick and distressed, appointed by a meet-
ing of the citizens of Philadelphia, summoned by advertisement in
the public papers, Sept. 13, 1793
PRESIDENT.
Matthew Clarkson.
SECRETARY.
Caleb Lownes.
TREASURER.
Thomas Wistar.
MANAGERS OF BUSHHILL HOSPITAL
Stephen Girard.
Peter Helm.
ORPHAN COMMITTEE.
Israel Israel.
John Letchworth.
James Kerr.
James Sharswood.
COMMITTEE OF DISTRIBUTION.
Israel Israel.
John Haworth.
James Swaine.
Mathew Carey.
Thomas Savery.
James Kerr
John Letchworth.
James Sharswood.
Samuel Benge.
SUPERINTENDANT OF THE BURIALS
OF THE DEAD, AND REMOVAL OF
THE SICK.
Samuel Benge.
DISTRIBUTOR OF SUPPLIES.
Henry Deforest.
COMMITTEE OF ACCOUNTS.
James Sharfwood.
John Conelly.
COMMITTEE ON THE PUBLICATION
OF LETTERS
Caleb Lownes.
Mathew Carey.
DECEASED MEMBERS
Andrew Adgate.
J. D. Sargeant.
Daniel Offley.
Joseph Inskeep.
Jacob Witman.
Assistant committee, chosen October 14.
SAMUEL COATES, Chairman.
JOHN OLDDEN, Secretary
Northern Liberties
William Peter Spragues.
William Gregory.
Jacob Witman.
James Swaine.
Joseph Burns.
George Forepaugh.
Casper Snyder.
Peter Smith.
Vine to Race street.
Richard Whitehead.
Joseph Kerr.
John Ettries.
Race to Arch:
Thomas Willis.
Daniel Dawson.
Peter Thomson.
Thomas Allibone.
Lambert Wilmer.
Arch to Maket.
William Sansom.
Justinian Fox.
Amos Wickersham.
Market to Chesnut.
Arthur Howell.
Alexander Cochran.
Thomas Dobson.
Chesnut to Walnut.
Jeremiah Paul.
James Cummins.
Casper W. Morris.
Thomas Castiere.
Walnut to Spruce,
George Rutter.
Benjamin W. Morris.
Spruce to Pine.
Samuel Pancoast, jun.
John Woodside.
Levi Hollingsworth.
William Watkins.
Pine to South.
John Wood.
Adam Brittle.
William Eckard.
Thomas Dicksey.
Fergus M'Elwaine.
Southwark.
William Innis.
Richard Mosely.
William Robinson, sen,
John Grantham.
John Savadge.
John Pattison. 

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APPENDIX.-No. I
An account of the plague in London, in the year 1665.
ABOUT the close of the year 1664, the plague
was brought over to London in some Levant
goods, that came from Holland.
The narrowness of the streets and lanes in London,
the closeness of the houses, and their being croud-
ed with families, rendered the inhabitants very liable
to suffer by infectious disorders in sickly seasons ; and
the plague was almost continually among the dis-
eases enumerated in the bills of mortality. The goods
above mentioned, were carried to a house in Long-acre,
near Drury-Lane, where they were first opened. Here
two Frenchmen died ; the disorder communicated to
other houses in the neighbourhood, and infected the pa-
rish officers who were employed about the dead. Ano-
ther Frenchman, who lived near the infected houses,
removed, for fear of the distemper, into Bearbinder-
lane, where he died: and thus the plague got into
the city.
The further progress of this cruel disorder was
stopped during a hard frost which set in this winter,
and continued till March, 1665,—when its virulence
was revived, by the advance of the spring. At first
it seized one here, then another a mile or more dis-
tant, after which it appeared again where it was ob-
served before, just as accident furnished it with con-
veyance, and according to the time when persons
contracted the distemper.
The usual symptoms of infection, for it is not
proposed to enter into a strict medical consideration
of the plague, are thus enumerated by dr. Hodges,
who lived then in London, and attended patients in
all stages of the disorder. First, a horror, vomiting,
delirium, dizziness, head-ach, and stupefaction ; then
a fever, watching, palpitation of the heart, bleeding
at the nose, and a great heat about the præcordia :
but the signs more peculiar to the pestilence, were,
those pustules, which the common people called blains, 

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buboes, carbuncles, spots, and those marks called to-
kens. The buboes were hard, painful tumours, with
inflammation and gatherings upon the glands, behind
the ears, the armpits, and the groin. These tumours,
at their first appearance, were hard, and the event of
the disorder was prognosticated from their sudden
or slow increase, from their genuine or untoward sup-
puration, and from the virulence of their contents.
The pestilential spots appeared chiefly on the neck,
breast, and back, and were not easily distinguishable
from flea-bites. The genuine pestilential characters,
commonly called tokens, as being the forewarnings
of death, were minute distinct blasts, which had their
origin from within, and rose up in little pyramidal
protuberances, sometimes as small as pin-heads, other
times as large as a silver penny, having the pestilential
poison chiefly collected at their bases, gradually taint-
ing the neighbouring parts, and reaching the surface
as the configuration of the vessels and pores favoured
their spreading. They were also derivable from exter-
nal causes, as from the injuries of air, when the pesti-
lential miasmata were pent up and condensed; and
by that means their virulence increased, so that life
was immediately extinguished when they reached the
noble organs.
In the treatment of the sick, all the physicians agreed
in throwing out the pestilential malignity as soon as
possible by alexipharmics, and to these, as soon as the
belly was loosened, recourse was had as to a sacred re-
fuge: in extremity some had recourse to mineral pre-
parations, as mineral bezoar, slphur auratum, aura vitæ,
&c. in order to drive out the pestilence by mere
force. For external applications, they used blisters
and cataplasms ; the buboes were opened by incision;
and the eschar formed by the virulent ichor, discharged
by the carbuncles, was chiefly got off by actual caute-
ry ; nor were the blisters, ulcers, or incisions, suffer-
ed to heal until the malignity of the disease was spent.
But such was the delusory appearance of this pestilence,
that many patients were lost, when they were thought
in safe recovery ; whereas, others survived, who were
N 

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given over for lost, much to the discredit of the medi-
cal art.
The apprehensions of the people were greatly in-
creased, by the crafty predictions of fortune-tellers,
cunning-men, astrologers, and quacks, who hung out
their signs in every street, and found their account
in heightening the general terror ; nor was their trade
stopped, until these men of superior knowledge in
the decrees of providence, were themselves swept
away in the common calamity. As soon as the ma-
gistrates found that the contagion extended into se-
veral parishes, an order was issued for shutting up in-
fected houses, to stop the communication of the disor-
der. These houses had red crosses painted on the doors,
with this inscription, Lord, have mercy upon us! and 
watchmen were placed before them, who were daily 
relieved, to hand necessaries and medicines into the
confined families, and to restrain them from coming
abroad until forty days after recovery. But though
these regulations were strictly executed, the propriety
of them was much controverted, and the hardship uni-
versally complained of; for if a fresh person was seized 
in the same house, but a day before this quarantine
expired, it was again renewed; which intolerable te-
dious imprisonment of the healthy with the sick, fre-
quently ended with the deaths of whole families. Nei-
ther did this confinement of the sick prove effectual;
for each house having but one guard, and many houses
having avenues behind, it was impossible to secure all
passages; so that, some would amuse the watchmen
with discourse on one side of the house, while the rest
of the family made their escape at the other; until, at
length, the men were left to watch empty houses.
Some watchmen were publicly whipped through the
streets, for taking bribes to let persons out privately;
and where such opportunities did not offer, the watch-
men were sometimes ill treated: one near Coleman-
street was blown up by gunpowder; and while he lay
disabled by the explosion, those who had strength,
escaped out of the house. Some persons also would let
themselves down from the windows, armed with swords 

(99)
and pistols, in the sight of the watchmen, and threaten
them with instant death, if they called out or stirred.
Many of them were even killed in disputes with those
they were charged with the care of guarding.
It is a fact, though true character of human nature, to
remark, that there are always miscreants ready to take
advantage of public calamities; and what greatly con-
tributed to the loss of persons thus shut up, was the
villainous behaviour of some nurses. These wretches
from an inhuman greediness to plunder the dead, would
not only strangle their patients, and charge their deaths
to the distemper in their throats; but would secretly
convey the pestilential taint from the sores of the sick to
those who were well. Yet though they were without
witnesses in these diabolical practices, they often fell
themselves the just victims of their own unguarded
presumption.
Dogs and cats, being domestic animals, apt to run
from house to house, and being supposed to convey the
noxious effluvia in their fur or hair; an early order was
made by the lord-mayor and other magistrates, by the ad-
vice of the physicians, that they should all be immediately
killed; and an officer was appointed for that purpose,
It was computed that 40,000 dogs, and five times as
many cats, were massacred in consequence of this pre-
scription ; and all possible endeavours were used to ex-
terminate rats and mice by poison, on the same account.
It was inconceivable, as the plague increased, with
what precipitation such inhabitants of the city as were
able to leave it, deserted into the country; for some
weeks it was difficult to get to the lord-mayor's door,
for the throngs that crouded in to get passes and certi-
ficates of health ; without which none were permitted
to travel through, or lodge in, any towns on the road.
The nobility, gentry, and richer tradesmen retired first,
and in the broad streets leading out of town, nothing
was to be seen but waggons and carts loaded with goods,
and servants; coaches full of families— and horsemen,
all hurrying away; with empty carriages returning for
fresh loads.
Some families that had no country retreats, laid up
a store of provisions, and shut themselves up so care- 

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fully, as not to be heard of nor seen, until the plague
ceased; when when came abroad safe and well ;—among
these were several Dutch merchants, who kept their
houses like garrisons besieged, suffering no one to go
out or come in, and thus preserved themselves in health.
—Many merchants and ship owners shut themselves up
on board ships, and as the plague increased, removed
down the river, nor was it heard that the disorder
reached any vessels below Deptford. Poorer persons
took refuge in hoys, smacks, and fishing boats; but
these took the infection; others went up the river in
boats, lodging by night in tents made of their sails, on
shore; for though the country people would supply
them with provisions, they would not receive them
into their houses. The poor who ran abroad in their
extremities into the country, were often ill used and
driven back, which caused great exclamation against
the cruelty of the country towns; but self-preservation
extinguished humanity ; and yet notwithstanding all
their care, there was not a town within twenty miles
but suffered more or less by the disorder.
Thus the distemper was felt chiefly to prey on the 
common people; which it did to such a degree as to
obtain the name of the poor's plague. The lord-mayor,
sheriffs, aldermen, or their deputies, with many of the
common council, very humanely to compose the minds
of the people as much as possible, published their reso- 
lution not to quit the city, but to be always ready at
hand to preserve order, and to do justice on all occasions.
The lord-mayor held councils every day, making ne-
cessary dispositions for preserving the public peace ; the
people were treated with all the gentleness circum-
stances would allow, while presumptuous rogues,
housebreakers, and plunderers of the sick or dead, were
duly punished, and severe declarations issued against
them.
It was one of their principal concerns to see the re-
gulations for the freedom and good supply of the mar-
kets, observed—and every market-day the lord-mayor,
Sir John Lawrence, or the sheriffs, attended vigilantly
on horseback, to see their orders executed. The neces-
sity of going to market was greatly contributory to the 

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ruin of the city, as there the people caught the infec-
tion one of another, and it was suspected that even the
provisions were tainted; all imaginable precautions
were however used in these negociations—for customers
took the meat from off the hooks themselves, that they
might not receive it from the butcher—and for his
security dropped their money into pans of vinegar,
always carrying small money with them, that they
might receive no change. Every one that could procure
them, carried scents and perfumes about them, while
the poorest inhabitants were forced on all occasions to
run all hazards.
The infection, notwithstanding every caution, conti-
nued through the months of May and June, with more
or less severity—sometimes raging in one part, and
then in another—about the latter end of June, above;
twenty parishes were infected, and the King re-
moved from Whitehall to Hampton court. Government
was not however inattentive to the distresses of the me-
tropolis—for beside appointing a monthly fall for pub-
lic prayer, the king commanded the college of physi-
cians to compose and publish an English directory of
general advice in this calamitous season. Some of the
college were appointed to attend the sick on all occa-
sions; and two out of the court of aldermen were re-
quired to see this hazardous duty performed : nor were
there eminent physicians wanting who voluntarily and
courageously gave their assistance in so dangerous an
employment; eight or nine of whom were destroyed in
the duty.
In the first week of July, the bill rose to 725, the
pext week to 1089, the third week to 1843, and the
next week to 2010. About the middle of the month,
the disorder, which had chiefly raged in St. Giles's
Holburn, and toward Westminster, began to travel
eastward, and over the river to Lambeth and South-
wark; but kept principally in the out parishes which
were fullest of poor. When it abated in the western
parishes, it exerted its violence in Clerkenwell, Crip-
plegate, Shoreditch, Bishopsgate, Aldersgate, White-
chapel and Stepney. In the months of August and Sep-
tember the disorder made most terrible slaughter; 

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three, four, or five thousand died in a week, the deaths
one week amounted to 8,000 and were believed to ex-
tend to 10,000! for the registers in such confusion were
not kept with great accuracy.
Under these shocking circumstances, when the peo-
ple were in the greatest want of spiritual consolation,
they were in general forsaken by their parochial mi-
nisters; and sad as the minds of the people were,
there were not wanting some who satirized them in
lampoons, for this scandalous desertion of their dis-
tressed flocks. When on some church doors uere
written, Here is a pulpit to let, and on others, A pulpit
to be sold, then it was that the ejected non-conforming
ministers, showed that disinterested concern for the
people, that constitutes the true essence of the clerical
character; for, unmindful of their legal disability, and
regardless of the surrounding danger, they resolutely
mounted the vacant pulpits, often twice a day, and
soothed the griefs of crouded audiences by their pious
discourses and other religious exercises.
When deaths became so numerous, the church yards
were unable to contain the bodies, and the usual modes
of interment were no longer observed: occasional pits
of great extent were dug in several parts, to which
the dead were brought by cart-loads, collected by the
ring of a bell, and the doleful cry of Bring out your dead!
They were put into the carts with no other covering
than rugs or sheets tied round them by their friends,
if they had any surviving; and were shot down in pro-
miscuous heaps! Sometimes the drivers of those carts
would drop in their employments, and the carts would
be sound without any conductor; in the parish of Step-
ney, it was said they lost within the year, 116 Sextons,
grave-diggers and their assistants!
Trade was at a stand, shops were shut up, every day
looked like a solemn Sabbath ; few were to be seen in
the streets, and neither cart nor coach appeared but such
as were employed for immediate ads of necessity : grass
grew in the most public streets, and in the Royal-Ex-
change,—and the broad street in Whitechapel might be
mistaken for a green field. Those families who carried
on retail trades, or subsisted by labour, were now sup- 

(103)
ported by charity, which is recorded to have been wor-
thily extended by those who had ability to bestow it.
The king contributed 1000l. a week, and dr. Sheldon,
archbishop of Canterbury, who remained at Lambeth
the whole time, beside his own benefactions, procured
great sums to be remitted from the dioceses under his
jurisdiction, by his affecting letters to the bishops—
Monk, afterwards duke of Albemarle, with lord Craven,
remained in London, and exerted all their abilities to al-
leviate the distresses they were witness to. Though the
city was in general abandoned by the rich, yet these did
not forget those who were lest behind—large sums were
sent up by them to the magistrates, as well as from the
trading towns in the remotest parts of England. The
degree of general distress in the metropolis may be sup-
posed void of exaggeration, when it is said that beside
private charities, the lord mayor and aldermen were
enabled to bestow 100,000l. a week for several weeks
together to the poor!
That nothing might be left untried to disperse the
contagion, large fires were ordered to be made in the
public streets ; yet the physicians were very diffident of
the success of this expensive experiment; and the trial
soon decided in favour of their doubts. Coals were then
4l. per chaldron ; and two hundred chaldron were ap-
plied in making fires at the custom-house, Billingsgate,
at the bridge-foot, three cranes, Queenhithe, Bridewell-
gate, the corner of Leadenhall and Grace church streets,
at the north and south gates of the Royal Exchange,
Guildhall, Blackwell-hall, at the lord-mayor's door in
St. Helens, at Bow church, and at the western end of
St. Paul's cathedral.—These fires continued for three
days—and were then almost extinguished by a smart
rain; but the following night, from whatever cause it
might proceed, was the most fatal of the whole; for
more than 4000 then expired! and this unfortunate e-
vent was a discouragement to any farther attempts of
that nature.
When the disease was at the greatest height, little
regard was had to the giving medical assistance; for
many of the most eminent physicians and surgeons
were already dead: and it was in vain to keep houses 

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shut up, when they were mostly empty with their doors
and windows open and shattering with the wind. At
length the disorder, after having braved the art of man,
gave way to the course of nature, at the decline of the
summer season, when, though the numbers of the in-
fected were not observed to lessen, yet the disorder
grew weaker; more in proportion recovered, and the
deaths insensibly diminished, When this began to be
perceived, the dread that had invaded the minds of the
people wore off, and contributed to their recovery;
and whereas in the height of the disorder it usually
killed persons in two or three days, and not above one
in five recovered—now it did not kill in less than eight
or ten days, and not above two in five perished; the
nurses also grew either more cautious or more faithful;
so that after a little while a dawn of health appeared
as suddenly as it was unexpected. In the beginning.
of November, the face of affairs was quite altered:
though the funerals were yet frequent, yet the citizens
began to return without fear; and in December they
crouded back as fast as they had fled in the spring.
such as were cautious, took great care in seasoning
their houses; and abundance of costly things were con-
sumed, which not only answered their own particular
purposes, but filled the air with grateful smells, which
were serviceable to their neighbours; Some burnt pitch,
brimstone, and gunpowder, to purge their houses and
goods; while others, through eagerness and carelessness,
entered their dwellings without any preparation. Earl
Craven and the other justices of Westminiter caused the
bedding of infected houses, to be well dried and aired,
the rooms to be new whitewashed, and the churchyards
to be covered two feet thick with fresh earth ; to pre-
vent, as far as possible, any revival of the pestilential
taint.
The winter gave the most effectual check toward sup-
pressing this great enemy of mankind; and tho' some
remains of the contagion appeared in the succeeding
spring, it was no more than could be easily conquered
by medicine; and the city terms got rid of the infection
and returned to perfect health.
The bills of mortality computed the numbers of buri- 

(105)
als this year at 97,306, of which 68,596 were attri-
buted to the plague ; but this estimate was universally
received as very erroneous; as it was not difficult to
show, from circumstances, that the account was mani-
festly defective. At the beginning of the disorder, there
was great knavery and collusion in the reports of the
deaths ; for while it was possible to conceal the infec-
tion, they were attributed to fevers of all kinds, which
began to swell the bills; this was done to prevent houses
being shut up, and families being shunned by their
neighbours. Add to this, that the dead carts working
in the dark no exact accounts were kept; the clerks and
sextons being naturally averse to so dangerous a duty, and 
frequently falling sick themselves before such accounts
as they had were delivered in. Quakers and Jews also,
who had separate burial grounds, were not mentioned in
the weekly bills; nor was any register taken of those
who died on board vessels of all kinds in the river. It
was well known, that numbers of poor despairing crea-
tures wandered out of town into the fields, woods, and
other remote places, where they died of the infection
and of want. The inhabitants of the villages would carry
food to these distracted refugees, and set it at a distance
for them ; and afterwards frequently found them dead
with the victuals untouched. The country people would
then dig holes and drag the bodies into them with long
poles having hooks at the ends, carefully standing to
the windward ; and throw the earth over them as far
as they could cast it. On the whole, it was the opinion
of eye witnesses, that the plague destroyed 100,000 at
least. The yearly bill mentions but one parish that re-
mained quite exempt from infection, which was that of
St. John the Evangelist in Watling-street.
As to foreign trade during this year, it was almost
extinct; as no port in France, Flanders, Spain, or Italy,
would admit London ships, or correspond with that
city ; the Turks only and the Grecian isles, to whom
the plague was familiar, were not so scrupulous. The
Flemings and Dutch had great advantage of this circum-
stance, by buying English goods in those parts of England
that remained clear of infection, carrying them home,
and then exporting them again as their own. 
O 

(106)
Account of the Plague at Marseilles, in 1720.
MARSEILLES has been several times visited by
the plague, as in the year 1580, in 1630, 1649,
and 1650.
In May, 1720, the citizens were informed, that the
plague had made its appearance in Palestine, and Syria.
On the 25th of that month, a vessel from Syria, and the
island of Cyprus where the plague prevailed, arrived at
the isles of Chateaudif, in the vicinity of the harbour of
Marseilles. After, performing a quarantine, the passen-
gers were permitted to mix with the inhabitants. One of
the crew, and a person placed on board as a guard, had
in the mean time died; but the surgeon employed to
examine the bodies, declared, that he could discover no
mark of the plague. On the 12th of June, a ship, with
a foul bill of health, as it is termed, cast anchor. On
the 24th and 26th of June, four persons died. Three 
of these were porters, who had been entrusted with the
care of purifying the merchandize on board of
these vessels. The fourth was a boy belonging to the
first vessel. Hence it appears that the progress of this
contagion was in the beginning extremely slow. The
surgeon again certified that there was no sign of the
plague; but the magistrates began to distrust him. They
caused the bodies to be buried in quick lime, and the
vessels, from the cargoes of which the porters were sus-
pected of having caught the contagion, were ordered to
be removed to a greater distance. On the 7th of July,
two other porters employed in the Lazeretto were taken
ill, and on the 8th a third; on the 9th, the whole three
expired. They were buried in quick lime, and their
clothes were burned. Three other surgeons had been ap-
pointed to inspect their bodies; and it was at last con-
fessed that they had died of the plague : from this time
to the 31st of July, the contagion made feeble but gra-
dual advances. The gentlemen of the faculty, who had
declared the dangerous nature of the disease, were in-
sulted by the rabble, who would not believe that the
plague would have advanced so very slowly. The ma-
gistrates were afraid to injure the commerce of the city
by the report spread that this infection had got into 

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Marseilles. Though they seem to have done their duty,
yet they were so little aware of the gulf, which was yawn-
ing beneath them, that on the 15th of July, they sent
letters to the health officers in the other ports of Europe,
informing them, that though many persons were sick
in the infirmaries, yet that the contagion had made no
progress in the city. Indeed, from this day to the 26th,
almost nothing was heard of it, and the people had be-
gun to believe, that the danger was over. On the 26th,
however, the magistrates were informed, that fifteen
persons were taken ill, in the street of Lescalle. The
physicians durst not venture to declare the fact, and as-
signed any other reason for their sickness, than the plague.
At the end of July, the magistrates became alarmed
in earnest. Some of them began to be exhausted by the
melancholy employment of attending the funerals of
the dead, and the removals of the sick to the public
hospitals, both which offices were performed in the
night. The marquis de Pelles, governor of the city,
examined the treasury, and found in it only the pitiful
sum of eleven hundred livres. Corn, butcher's meat,
and wood, were extremely scarce and dear. The weal-
thy part of the inhabitants had by this time fled. It was
now certain that the contagion was fixed in the city;
and it was readily foreseen, that, unless vigorous mea-
sures of prevention were taken, famine would complete
the scene of calamity. All beggars from the country
were commanded to leave the city; but it was imme-
diately found impracticable, to carry this order into ex-
ecution. The chamber of trade of the parliament of Aix,
had published an arret, prohibiting the citizens of
Marseilles from quitting the territories of the town.
The other inhabitants of Provence were forbidden to
hold any correspondence with them ; and coachmen,
carriers, or others, attempting to retire from Mar-
seilles to the country, on any pretence whatever, were
to return back under pain of death. It was, therefore,
impossible to drive out of the city, two or three thou-
sand beggars, and other strangers of different kinds. An
attempt was made to dispel the infection by burning
fire in the streets, but to no purpose. A variety of re-
gulations were adopted to prevent the spreading of the 

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distemper, as well as the progress of famine. What fuel
had been in the city, was already consumed in the ex-
periment of making fires. A great quantity of sulphur
was bought, and a part of it distributed to the poor, in
every quarter of the town, to be burned in their houses
by way of a perfume : the colleges and schools were
shut up, to prevent the communication of the disorder;
and the most pressing applications were made to the go-
vernment of France, for immediate and substantial assis-
tance, before the avenues of the city should be abso-
lutely shut up. On the third of August, a mob assem-
bled, demanding bread, which was given to them. On
the fourth, the officers of the fort of St. John, waited
on the magistrates, to acquaint them, that their soldiers
were in want of corn; and if not supplied, would per-
haps enter the city, and take it by force; the answer
which they received was, that if the troops attempted
to enter Marseilles, the magistrates, at the head of the
citizens, would oppose them. On the 7th of August, the
chamber of trade of Provence, permitted the sheriffs to
have a conference with some of their agents, at the
distance of six miles from the city. Precautions were
taken to speak at a distance. An agreement was made,
that a market should be established in that place, and a
double barrier erected. Another market was to be fixed
upon a highroad, two leagues from Marseilles, in a dif-
ferent direction. A rendezvous for boats was likewise
named, in a creek amongst the islands in the harbour of
Marseilles. In all these places, the guards were appointed
by the province, and paid by the city. On the 9th of
August, it was found, that most of the physicians and
surgeons had fled. It was thought necessary to select a
house to which the sick might be carried. The house of
convalescence was pitched upon for that purpose. But
it was an object of the greatest difficulty to remove the
sick. Horses, harness, and carts were all equally wanted.
It became necessary to go into the country to seek them,
and when they were found, no person would consent
to serve as a porter in removing the dead—Exorbitant
wages were offered with little effect. An immense num-
ber of cooks and sick nurses were likewise wanted, and
it was not without the greatest exertions, that the ma- 

(109)
gistrates could obtain persons for these employments.
Three pits were dug without the walls or the city.
They were sixty feet in length and twenty four feet
deep, and the dead were buried in quick lime. Ano-
ther large hospital was fitted up under the vaults of a
rope yard, by the chevalier Rose, at his own expense;
and he caused large ditches to be dug for burying the
dead. The two hospitals were entirely filled in less than
two days; but the patients did not remain there long.
The distemper was so violent, that those who were
brought into the hospitals at night, were cast into the
ditches next morning. In every house where it entered,
no person escaped the infection, and it seems that few or
none survived it. On the 12th of August, two of the
most eminent physicians of Montpelier were dispatched
by the regent of France to the assistance of the citizens.
The magistrates of health, the judges of the city, the
rectors of all the hospitals and other charitable founda-
tions, the commissaries who had been appointed for the
different quarters of the city, but a few days before,
with an immense number of people of all ranks, fled in
the greatest hurry from Marseilles. The very centinels
who had been ported to prevent the flight of others,
deserted, while the captains of the militia, and their
soldiers ran away by whole companies. The shops,
houses, magazines, churches and convents were shut up.
The public markets were empty, and nothing was any
where to be seen, but the dying or the dead. Mar-
seilles was supposed at this time to contain about one
hundred thousand people. Carts and porters were kept
in constant readiness to carry off the dead ; but the dif-
ficulty of providing these augmented every day. Per-
sons employed in that service very seldom lived more
than forty eight hours. It is said that by only touching
the body with an iron hook, at the end of a pole, the
distemper was communicated. Fifteen livres or
about three dollars per day was the hire offered,
and it was refused by the very beggars. At last, the ma-
gistrates applied to the officers of the gallies, and ob-
tained from them a supply of hands, selected from the
criminals, who were promised their pardon upon con-
dition of exerting themselves; but they did their work 

(110)
with so much slowness and laziness, says our author,
that it was enough to make one mad. The slaves were in
want of every thing, and in particular of shoes, which
it was impossible to get for them, as there was none in
the city, nor any shoemaker, to manufacture them.
These unfortunate beings, when they entered a house,
to carry off the dead, hardly ever failed to plunder it,
so that the perpetual danger of robbery was added to the
other calamities of the citizens. The slaves were like-
wise unskilful as well as unwilling carters. They fre-
quently overturned the carts, and broke the harness of
the horses; a loss which was irreparable, for neither
saddler nor cartwright was left in Marseilles. Besides,
no tradesman would touch the carts or harness which
were employed in that service; and the peasants in the
territory belonging to the city, had carefully concealed
their carts.
Multitudes of women, who were giving suck, died of
the plague; and their infants were found some dead,
and others dying in the cradles. An hospital and a con-
vent, which were found empty, by the death or flight
of their former possessors, served as an asylum for these
noviciates in wretchedness. They were supplied with
soup, and goats milk. Thirty or forty of them perished
every day; yet there were never less than twelve or
thirteen hundred of them surviving at one time. On
the 21st of August, the number of the dead at once in-
creased so prodigiously, that the magistrates found it
impracticable to get them carried out of town, to be
thrown into the pits. The quarter of St. John and some
other parts of the old town, were, from the height of
the ground and the narrowness of the streets, almost
inaccessible to any wheel carriage. They were inhabited
by the poorest classes of the people, who were worst
lodged and worst fed, and therefore died fastest. The
bodies, in heaps, blocked up the passages of the streets.
It was to be apprehended, that if they were suffered to
lie above ground, the infection would spread with aug-
mented rapidity. The marquis de Pille and the magi-
strates, requested a meeting at the town house, with the
officers of the gallies. This assembly came to the reso-
lution of interring the dead bodies, belonging to the 

(111)
higher parts of the town, in the vaults of the church
yards in the neighbourhood. Quick lime and water
were to be thrown upon them, and the vaults, when
full, were to be closely cemented up. The bishop of
Marseilles and the clergy opposed this measure; but
the necessity of the case superceded every objection. On
the 23d of August the magistrates began this task. The
clergy had bolted the doors of their churches, which
were broke open. In the mean time, the misery of the
inhabitants augmented every day and almost every hour.
Amongst other necessaries, linen was exhausted, and in
the midst of this mass of wretchedness, the populace,
from famine, despair, and madness, had become so
turbulent, that it was found requisite to raise gibbets in
all the public places of the city. From the 25th of Au-
gust to the end of September, a thousand persons were
computed to perish every day. The galley slaves, who
had been called to assist the citizens, began to die like
the rest. The shopkeepers had locked up their doors,
so that the people could not buy, on any terms, the
common necessaries of life. On the 27th, the board of
trade published an order, for all shopkeepers and trades-
men, to set open their doors, within twenty-four hours,
on the pain of death. Commands of this kind had little
weight. Desertion, wherever it could be accomplished,
was universal.
On whatever side the spectator cast his eye, nothing
was to be seen but heaps of putrefaction. The streets,
the public markets, the square of the play house, the
harbour, and every other place, was strewed with dead
bodies. In the original narrative, from which this abridg-
ment is extracted, there are many circumstances related,
of a nature so shocking, that to repeat them would be
an act of inhumanity to the reader. Thousands fled on
board the ships in the harbour, from a conceit, which
proved very foolish, that the contagion could not reach
them, when upon the water. The streets were heaped
not only with dead bodies, but with furniture and
clothes of persons infected, which were incessantly cast
out of the windows. The dogs and cats were every
where killed, and served to augment the mass of corrup- 

(112)
tion. Ten thousand dogs were at one time computed to
be floating in the harbour.
If you met any one in the streets, he looked as if half
dead, and as if the distemper had affected his under-
standing. Many wandering about fell through weakness,
and never rose again. Some, to put an end to their suf-
ferings, cut their own throats, or jumped out of high
windows, or into the sea. It was impossible for the hos-
pitals to contain the crouds of patients who thronged into
them. The instant that a person was observed to be in-
fected, he became an object of horror to his nearest re-
lations. He was either left deserted in the house, or
driven out of it. This was the treatment of wives to their
husbands, and husbands to their wives, of children to
their parents, and of parents to their children. The hos-
pitals were so far from being capable to contain the sick,
that numbers could not even get access to the doors, on
account of the vast crouds that lay on the pavement
around them. This was the situation of Marseilles
at the end of August. By the third of September, the
surviving magistrates found the town house almost
empty. Five hundred persons belonging to it had died.
Amongst these were three hundred and fifty of the city
guards. The religious orders likewise suffered extreme-
ly. The bishop was distinguished by the most active and
intrepid benevolence. On the 6th of September, there
remained, after every exertion, above two thousand dead
bodies in the streets. A fresh supply of galley slaves was
obtained with difficulty. From this time, to the end of
September, the disease raged with unabated fury. In
the month of October, it began to abate without any
visible cause. The sick began to be cured. In Novem-
ber, the contagion continued to decrease, and by the
1st of December, the danger was in a great measure at
an end. It was not, however, entirely ceased till the
month of March. We are not informed as to the ex-
act number of deaths; but they are estimated at not
less than fifty or sixty thousand.

List of all the Burials in the several grave yards of the city
and liberties of Philadelphia, as taken from the Books
kept by Clergymen, Sextons, &c. from August 1st to
November 9th, 1793.
August.
DAYS.
Christ Church
St. Peter's.
St. Paul's
First Presbyterian.
Second Presbyterian.
Third Presbyterian.
Scotch Presbyterian.
Seceders.
St. Mary's.
Trinity.
Friends.
Free Quakers.
German Lutherans.
German Calvinists.
Moravians.
Swedes.
Baptists.
Methodists.
Universalists.
Jews.
Kensington.
Potter's field.
Total.
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 Returned in gross. 1 Returned in gross. Returned in gross. Returned in gross. 9
2 1 1 2 1 2 1 8
3 1 1 2 2 2 1 9
4 1 1 1 1 2 4 10
5 1 1 1 5 2 10
6 1 2 3
7 1 1 7 1 2 12
8 1 1 1 1 1 5
9 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 11
10 1 1 1 2 1 6
11 2 4 1 7
12 2 2 1 5
13 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 11
14 1 1 2 4
15 3 2 1 1 2 9
16 1 1 1 1 2 1 7
17 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
18 1 1 2 1 5
19 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 9
20 1 3 1 1 1 7
21 2 1 2 1 1 1 8
22 1 2 4 3 1 1 10
23 1 2 2 3 1 1 10
24 3 1 1 2 1 5 1 3 17
25 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 12
26 2 2 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 17
27 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 12
28 5 3 1 2 3 4 3 24
30 1 1 4 4 3 3 1 3 20
31 2 1 3 7 3 17
P

SEPTEMBER.
DAYS.
Christ Church.
St. Peter's.
St. Pauls.
First Presbyterian.
Second Presbyterian.
Third Presbyterian.
Associate Presb.
Reformed.
St. Mary's.
Trinity.
Friends.
Free Quakers.
German Lutherans.
German Calvinists.
Moravians.
Swedes.
Baptists.
Methodists.
Universalists.
Jews.
Kensington.
Potter's field.
Total.
1 1 2 1 1 Returned in gross. 4 1 Returned in gross. Returned in gross. Returned in gross. 2 5 17
2 2 2 5 3 1 1 4 18
3 1 1 3 1 2 3 11
4 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 23
5 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 5 20
6 2 1 2 2 1 1 5 1 2 7 24
7 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 7 18
8 2 1 1 4 2 3 4 4 2 1 16 42 
9 1 2 1 1 3 1 7 1 1 1 13 32
10 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 6 5 1 1 4 29
11 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 8 43
12 2 6 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 10 33
13 1 1 1 1 3 1 7 8 2 1 1 10 37
14 2 1 2 3 3 1 4 4 4 5 2 2 15 48
15 4 2 1 1 3 1 5 1 10 9 1 1 1 2 14 56
16 4 2 1 2 3 1 4 3 10 12 7 3 24 81
17 1 1 1 1 4 2 5 2 7 21 7 3 26 81
18 3 4 2 4 2 6 2 7 10 4 1 3 19 68
19 4 2 2 3 2 4 5 9 5 2 23 61
20 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 9 7 1 3 5 27 67
21 3 3 1 2 1 6 6 8 2 4 21 57
22 3 3 1 2 1 6 6 8 2 4 21 57
23 1 3 2 4 5 2 7 8 6 9 21 68
24 5 2 4 4 2 9 8 12 4 8 38 96
25 4 2 2 4 4 2 6 8 15 5 3 7 25 87
26 2 1 3 2 1 1 5 6 5 1 1 25 52
27 3 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 14 6 5 2 14 60
28 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 5 3 2 29 51
29 4 3 2 2 3 1 4 1 10 7 3 1 2 14 57
30 4 1 2 1 3 6 1 8 4 6 3 2 22 63

OCTOBER.
DAYS.
Christ Church.
St. Peter's.
St. Paul's.
First Presbyterian.
Second Presbyterian.
Third Presbyterian.
Associate Presb.
Reformed.
St. Mary's.
Trinity.
Friends.
Free Quakers.
German Lutherans.
German Calvinists.
Moravians.
Swedes.
Baptists.
Methodists.
Universalists.
Jews.
Kensington.
Potter's field.
Total.
1 4 2 5 1 3 4 4 8 Returned in gross. 12 3 2 Returned in gross. Returned in gross. Returned in gross. 5 21 74
2 2 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 9 5 5 31 67
3 3 1 3 2 3 3 5 1 7 10 4 1 2 33 78
4 1 2 4 2 1 3 3 6 5 2 1 1 27 58
5 2 1 2 3 1 2 12 11 3 1 4 3 26 71
6 2 5 1 1 2 1 5 5 14 4 2 34 76
7 7 3 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 2 9 12 7 2 2 25 82
8 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 5 21 6 3 3 33 90
9 2 1 1 1 2 1 7 1 4 19 8 1 1 3 50 102
10 7 2 2 2 2 3 1 6 26 6 1 2 1 1 31 93
11 4 2 5 1 6 1 11 17 12 1 8 44 119
12 1 2 2 1 4 1 6 1 11 17 12 1 8 44 111
13 6 3 1 1 1 4 1 9 20 5 1 4 48 104
14 2 1 1 5 2 2 5 17 7 1 7 2 29 81
15 3 3 1 1 2 1 4 1 9 14 7 2 3 29 80
16 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 6 1 4 10 2 2 2 29 70
17 5 3 2 3 3 10 16 7 2 1 28 80
18 2 1 4 1 5 1 5 11 3 1 1 2 22 59
19 2 3 4 1 4 2 2 14 2 1 1 2 27 65
20 2 3 3 2 4 1 4 11 6 1 1 17 55
21 4 2 3 1 5 2 4 8 4 1 1 24 59
22 2 2 3 2 2 5 2 7 19 2 2 1 2 31 82
23 1 1 3 5 3 10 7 1 23 54
24 1 1 3 2 2 8 4 17 38
25 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 2 10 35
26 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 1 5 23
27 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 13
28 1 1 2 4 5 3 1 1 6 25
29 1 1 1 2 4 2 6 17
30 1 1 2 3 1 2 6 16
31 2 1 7 3 8 22

NOVEMBER.
DAYS.
Christ Church.
St. Peter's.
St. Paul's.
First Presbyterian.
Second Presbyterian.
Third Presbyterian.
Associate Presb.
Reformed.
St. Mary's.
Trinity.
Friends.
Free Quakers.
German Lutherans.
German Calvinists.
Moravians.
Swedes.
Baptists.
Methodists.
Universalists.
Jews.
Kensington.
Potter's field.
Total.
1 1 3 Returned in gross. 1 1 Returned in gross. Returned in gross. Returned in gross. 2 5 13
2 1 2 3 2 3 2 8 13
3 1 1 1 5 2 1 4 15
4 1 1 1 5 1 6 15
5 2 3 2 1 6 14
6 1 3 1 1 5 11
7 2 1 1 4 1 5 15
8 1 2 1 1 3 8
9 1 2 3 6
August 325
September 1442
October 1993
November 118
Jews, returned in gross 3
Baptists, Do. 60
Methodists, Do. 32
Free Quakers, Do. 39
German part of St. Mary's congregation 30
Total 4041 

Protestant Episcopalians {
{Christ Church 173
{St. Peter's 109
{St. Paul's. 70
Presbyterians {
{First 73
{Second 128
{Third 107
{Associate 12
{Reformed 33
Roman Catholics {
{St. Mary's 251
{German part of do. 30
{Trinity 54
Friends 373
Free Quakers Returned in gross. 39
German {
{Lutherans 641
{Calvinists 261
Moravians r 13
Swedes 75
Baptists Returned in gross. 60
Methodists Do. 32
Universalists 2 
Jews Do. 2
Kensington 169
Potter's field, including the new ground 1334
4041
Q

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
MADE IN PHILADELPHIA, BY
DAVID RITTENHOUSE, Esquire.
AUGUST, 1795.
Barometer. Thermometer. Wind. Weather.
A. M. 3 P. M. 6 A. M. 3 P.M.  6 A. M. 3 P. M.
1 29 95 30 0 65 77 WNW NW cloudy, fair,
2 30 1 30 1 63 81 NW SW fair, fair,
3 30 5 29 95 62 82 N NNE fair, fair,
4 29 97 30 0 65 87 S SW fair, fair,
5 30 5 30 1 73 90 SSW SW fair, fair,
6 30 2 30 0 77 87 SW W cloudy, fair,
7 30 12 30 1 68 83 NW W fair, fair,
8 30 1 29 95 69 86 SSE SSE fair, rain,
9 29 8 29  75 85 SSW SW cloudy, fair,
10 29 9 29 9 67 82 W SW fair, fair,
11 30 0 30 0 70 84 SW WSW cloudy, cloudy
12 30 0 30 0 70 87 W W fair, fair,
13 30 5 30 0 71 89 SW W fair, fair,
14 30 0 29 95 75 "82 SW SW fair, rain,
15 30 0 30 1 72 75 NNE NE rain, cloudy
16 30 1 30 1 70 83 NNE NE fair, fair,
17 30 1 30 0 71 86 SW SW fair, fair,
18 30 1 30 0 73 89 calm SW fair, fair,
19 30 1 30 1 72 82 N N fair, cloudy,
20 30 1 30 12 69 82 NNE NNE fair, fair,
21 30 15 30 24 62 83 N NNE fair, fair,
22 30 3 30 36 63 86 NE SE fair, fair,
23 30 25 30 16 63 85 calm S fair, fair,
24 30 1 30 1 73 81 calm calm cloudy, fair,
25 30 1 30 1 71 66 NE NE cloudy, cloudy,
26 30 15 30 1 59 69 NE NE cloudy, cloudy,
27 30 2 30 2 65 73 NE NE cloudy, clearing,
28 30 2 30 5 67 80 S calm cloudy, fair,
29 30 16 30 1 72 86 calm SW cloudy, fair,
30 30 1 30 1 74 87 calm SW fair, fair,
31 30 0 30 0 74 84 SW NW rain, fair,

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER, 1793.
Barometer. 
6 A. M. 3 P. M. 
Thermometer.
6 A. M. 3 P. M 
Winds. 
6 A. M. 3 P. M. 
Weather.
6 A. M. 3 P. M.
1 30 0 29 30 71 86 Calm SW fog, fair
2 29 75 29 8 73 86 SW SW fair, fair,
3 80 0 60 NW N fair, fair,
4 30 15 30 15 55 75 W W fair, fair,
5 30 15 30 1 62 80 SE S fair, cloudy,
6 29 97 29 95 70 89 WSW W fair, cloudy,
7 30 0 30 0 65 77 WNW NW fair, fair,
8 30 1 30 1 64 70 Calm Calm cloudy, cloudy,
9 30 0 30 0 66 80 SE NW rain, fair
10 30 0 30 0 64 72 N NNE fair, cloudy,
11 30 1 30 0 62 72 NE N cloudy, fair,
12 29 96 29 9 58 76 W NNW fair, fair,
13 29 9530 0 57 72 W N fair, fair,
14 30 0 30 5 58 79 NW NW fair, fair,
15 30 0 29 97 65 80 N S fair, fair,
16 29 9 29 70 84 S SW cloudy, fair
17 29 8 29 85 66 67 N N cloudy, cloudy,
18 30 3 44 N fair
19 30 4 30 35 45 70 Calm SW fair, fair,
20 30 3 30 15 54 69 Calm SE hazey, hazey,
21 30 0 29 0 59 78 Calm cloudy, fair,
22 30 0 30 0 63 83 Calm cloudy, fair,
23 30 1 30 1 62 81 Calm SE cloudy, cloudy,
24 30 2 30 2 65 70 NE ENE cloudy, fair,
25 30 15 30 0 61 68 NE NE cloudy, cloudy,
26 29 8 29 7 58 79 N N cloudy, fair,
27 29 7 64 NW NW cloudy, fair,
28 30 5 30 15 54 73 NW NW fair, fair,
29 30 3 30 3 56 74 NE ENE cloudy, fair,
30 30 35 30 3 57 75 Calm SW foggy, fair,

METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
PHILADELPHIA, OCTOBER, 1793.
Barometer. 
7 A.M. 2 P.M. 
Thermometer. 
7 A.M. 2 P.M. 
Winds. 
7 A.M. 2 P.M. 
Weather.
7 A.M. 2 P.M.
1 30 15 30 5 64 80 SW SW cloudy, fair,
2 29 9 30 5 70 72 W NNW cloudy, fair,
3 30 2 30 15 50 72 W SW fair, fair,
4 29 75 29 7 59 72 SW W cloudy, cloudy,
5 30 0 30 1 58 66 N N fair, fair,
6 30 3 30 3 43 66 NE W fair, fair,
7 30 45 46 calm fair,
8 30 6 30 6 53 68 N N fair, fair,
9 30 5 30 4 53 70 NW NW fair, fair,
10 30 2 30 2 49 74 W W fair, fair,
11 30 0 29 85 58 64 SW NW rain, rain,
12 26 6 29 55 58 64 SW NW fair, fair,
13 29 85 29 9 49 69 NW NW fair, fair,
14 30 5 30 0 52 76 SW SW calm, fair,
15 29 75 29 8 56 76 SW N fair, fair,
16 30 0 30 0 37 53 NNW N fair, fair,
17 30 1 30 1 37 60 NE NE fair, fair,
18 30 1 30 1 41 62 N N cloudy, fair,
20 30 0 30 0 44 54 NW N fair, fair,
21 30 0 30 2 49 59 N NW fair, fair,
22 29 6 29 5 51 65 NW NW fair, fair,
23 29 8 29 8 47 60 W W fair, fair,
24 30 3 30 4 36 59 W NW fair, fair,
25 30 4 20 3 46 71 S S cloudy, fair, high w.
26 30 2 30 2 60 72 calm SW cloudy, cloudy,
27 30 3 30 3 44 44 NNE NNE cloudy, cloudy,
28 30 2 30 1 34 37 N N cloudy, cloudy,
29 29 8529 85 28 44 NNW NW fair, fair,
30 30 1 30 1 28 49 calm SW hazy, hazy,
31 30 15 30 2 42 45 calm NNE cloudy, rain,
NOVEMBER, 1793.
Barometer. 
7 A.M. 2 P.M. 
Thermometer. 
7 A.M. 2 P.M. 
Winds. 
7 A.M. 2 P.M. 
Weather.
7 A.M. 2 P.M.
1 30 1 30 1 40 41 NNE NE rain, cloudy,
2 30 3 30 25 32 49 NNE NE fair, fair,
3 30 1 30 0 43 56 Calm SW cloudy, cloudy,
4 29 8 29 9 44 67 SW SW cloudy, fair,
5 30 15 30 1 50 64 NE NE rain, rain,
6 29 8 29 65 63 67 S S cloudy, cloudy,
7 29 8 29 8 44 64 Calm SW fair, fair,
8 29 8 29 85 43 56 SSW SW fair, fair,
9 29 9 29 95 42 64 SW SW fair, fair,

(121)
LIST of the names of the persons who died in Philadelphia,
or in different parts of the union, after their departure from
this city, from August 1st, to the middle of December, 1793*.
ABIGAIL, a negress
Joseph Abbot
John Abel, shoemaker
Henry Abel's child
John Abrahams, shopkeeper
Elizabeth Abraham
James Ackley, labourer, wife
and three daughters
John B. Ackley's child
Widow Ackley
Jas. Adair, labourer, wife, & son
Hester Adams
Moses Adams, carpenter
Robert Adams's two children 
Sarah Adams, servant girl
Andrew Adgate, card maker
Widow Adgate and 2 children
Mary Addington
James Ager
Peter Agge, physician
Mary Advulter
John Ainey, stone-cutter
John Alberger, cooper
Christian Alberger, skinner
Jos. Alberton, wife, & 2 children
Wife of Tho's Alberton, farmer
Frederic Albrecht
—Albrecht, skinner
Michael Albrecht's son Michael
-Antonio, clerk, Portugal
Andrew Apple, and child
Henry Apple, tailor
Elizabeth Appleby, servant girl
Henry Apfel's daughter
Benjamin Armand and child
Christopher Arpurth's wife
Andrew Armstrong's child
Barney Armstrong, labourer
Christian Armstrong, weaver
Hugh Armstrong, weaver
Christopher Armstong, weaver
James Armstrong, weaver
John Armftrong
Michael Artcry
John Ash, breeches-maker
George Ashen
Nathaniel Ashby's child
John Ashton, labourer, and wife
Joseph Ashton, bricklayer, wife
and two children
Jospeh Ashton, carpenter
Jospeh Ashtin
Stephen Aston, labourer
Kitty Austin, seamstress
Peter Aston, merch't, wife, & son
John Atkinson
Caleb Attmore, hatter and his
apprentice
Jane Attrictz, wid. & daughter
James Aubaine
Phil. B. Audibert, merchant, Fr.
Monsieur Auje, Fr.
Julia Aulet, servant girl
Isaac Austin, currier
Remiquis Azor
Priscilla Alberton
James Alder, merchant
Thomas Allibone's child
Elisha Alexander, tailor
James Alexander; hatter
J.Alexander,weaver,& apprent.
——Alexander's wife, &
an apprentice
Hester Alexander
Rebecca Alexander
Nicholas Allaway, labourer
Augustus Allbrink, and 3 chil.
Elizabeth Allegue
Ann Allen
James Allen's child
John Allen, soap-boiler
Mary Allen, aged 70
Joseph Allen
Mary Allen
Widow Rebecca Allen
David Allen's sister
William Allen, servant
William Alley
George Allison, sadler
Robert Allison, sen.
Lawrence Allman and child
John Allman 
* This list has been partly collected from the church-books of
all the different congregations, and partly from the information
received by several persons who have been employed to make
enquiry at every house in the city and liberties. Though very
great pains have been taken, and expense incurred, in its arrange-
ment, still it is not given as fully complete and accurate. But,
it is hoped, that its defects and errors are but few, and, consi-
dering the difficulty of the business, such only, as will meet the
reader's ready indulgence. R

(122)
Jacob Aloerstock, brewer
John Alston, medical student
Peter Alyart
Sarah Ammond
- Amand
Francis Anderson
Francis Anderson's child
Alexander Anderson, innkeeper
Hugh Anderson, tailor
James Anderson's wife
Susanna Anders
William Anderson, aged 72
Jacob Anderson's daughter
John Andre
Thomas Andrews, shoemaker,
and son
Isaac Andrews
Rev. Robert Aman's wife
Jacob Anthony's wife, and son
Henry
Thomas P. Anthony, merchant
Michael Babb
John Bacon's wife
David Bacon's wife
Mary Bacon
Widow Backer
Elizabeth Back
George Backley
John Badley, farmer
Jacob Bader, labourer
Hugh Bain's child
Mrs. Bakeoven, tavern-keeper
Adam Baker
Samuel Baker, bookbinder
Bartholomew Baker's child
Catharine Baker
Christiana Baker, widow
George Baker, merchant
Jane Baker, widow
Michael Baker, shoemaker
Sarah Baker
Wallace Baker
William Baker, sen.
Wm. Baker, jun. apprentice
George Baldy, tanner
Daniel Baldwin, apothecary
Burgess Ball
Henry Ball, or Bale, sadler
Hannah Bales
John Ballance, blacksmith
Thomas Ballentine
Doagal Ballentine
James Balling, gunsmith
John Ballustree's son
Mary Banks
Jacob Bankson's widow & child
George Bantteon's son
John Baptiste
Barbara -, a servant
Barbe, a black woman
John Barber, carpenter
Isaac Barber, plasterer
Jacob Barkelow's child
John Barkley's child
Mary Barclay and child
Israel Bard
Thomas Barker, chair-maker
John Barker
Wade Barker, an apprentice
Mary Bare
Margaret Barkett
Blair Barnes, hair-dresser
Cornelius Barnes, merchant
Sterman Barnes, merchant
Francis Barnes
Paul Barnes's son
Isaac Barnett, joiner
Garret Barrey, type-founder
John Barret's child
James Barrett's wife
Bridget Barret
Edward Barrington, grocer
James Barry and child
Matthias Barry
Peter Bartho, apprentice
Peter Barthol, cooper, and wife
— Bartholomew, sailor
Elizabeth Bartholomew
Charles Bartholomew's wife
Christlieb Bartling's wife & dau.
— Barren
Alexander Barron, labourer
Lewis Barron
Thomas Barry
William, son of John Barry
Robert Bartram, son of Joseph
John Barwell, livery-stable-
keeper, and wife
John Bass, apprentice
Francis Bastian
Magdalen Bastian
Lawrence Bast, labourer
William Bastin's son
Abraham Bates
Peter Batto, cooper
Catharine, widow of Tho's Batt
Widow Batt's daughter
Susan Batty
John Batty
John Baush, shoemaker
Anna Barbara Bauer
Catharine Bauchman
Elizabeth Bauck, a servant
Peter Bausan's son
Henry Charles Bauman,weaver
Andrew Baush
Adam Baush, reed-maker
George Bautz, carter 

(123)
Charles Bayman, wheelwright
Jacob Bay, type-founder
Elizabeth Bayle
James Beak, labourer.
Honour Beale
Nathaniel Baine's wife
William Beard, blacksmith
Bridget Bearet
John Bear's wife
John Beattie, labourer, & wife
John Beattie, porter of U. S. B.
Catharine Beattie
Elizabeth Beaufort
Charles Beaumont
Andrew Beck, sen. dyer
Andrew Beck, jun.
Eliza, daugh. of Andrew Beck
Bernard Beck, porter
Catharine Beck
Jacob Beck's wife and daughter
Almy Beck
John Beck, sen. dyer
John Beck, jun.
Eliza. daughter of John Beck
Peter Beck, shoemaker
Mary Beckener
Rachel Beck
George Becker's child
Jacob Beeker
Margaret Beeves
- Beiss, labourer
Alexander Beicht's child
Elizabeth Bell
John Bell
Maria Antoinette Belvoire
Catharine Benard
Elizabeth Benge
Francis Benjie
John Bennet, joiner, and wife
Samuel Bennet
Michael Benner, labourer
Jacob Benner
Benjamin Benoit's child
Thomas Bennet, labourer
Lucy Bennet, wife of ditto
Oswald Bently
John Benson's child
Rene Berenger, Fr.
Margaret Bergmeyer
Mary Berg, Æt. 75
-Berry, tinker, and wife
Catharine Berry's child
Colonel William Berry
Nicholas Berkelet
Daniel Beskmeyer
Claudius A. Bertier, merchant
Samuel Bettle, sen. tailor
Henry Beyer
George Betinger
Abraham Betts
John Betz
Peter Betto
Thomas Bevans
Mary Bevans
Christopher Bevelin, labourer
Jenny Bickledick
Ann Bickley
Margaret Bideman
Owen Biddle's daughter Jane
Henry Pierse, shoemaker
John Biggs, linen-draper, & wife
Eleanor Bigley
Peter Bignall's wife
Ann Bigot
Jacob Binder
Jacob Bilerder's child
Anna Bird, servant
Francis Bingin
Cornelius Bird
Joseph Bird's child
Christopher Birger, carter
Thomas Birmingham
Ann Birmingham
Ann Bishop
Thomas Bishop's daughter
Thomas Biven
John Peter Bittman
Robert Black, bricklayer
William Blake's child
Anthony Blame, confectioner
Widow Blosbeyer
Nath. Blodget,Virginia planter
Stancy Blockler
Jacob Blocker, labourer
Jacob Blocher, shoemaker
Jacob Blocker's wife
-Blosbeyer's grandchild
Elizabeth Bliney
Eliza Blackley
Robert Black
Rich. Blackham, ironmonger
Bernard Bravehouse
Charles Boehm, apprentice
Charlotte Boehm, a servant
Adam Bold, carpenter, and two
daughters
Martha Boggs, widow
Thomas Bogh, shoemaker
-Bogs
George Bounce, carter
George Bock's sister
Widow Bock
Mary Bock
Margaret Bond, spinster
Peter Bob's daughter
Widow Bohn's son
Joshua Bonn, carpenter
Henry Bonn, labourer 

(124)
Jemimah Bonshall
Sarah Bonnel, a child
Sarah Bird
Barney Book, and child
Thomas Boone, carpenter
Joseph Borde, sawyer
Geo. Bornhouse, cabinet-maker
John Bass's wife
Benjamin James Bollock
Andreas Boshart, wife and son
Wife of Andrew Boshart, sen.
Wife of Wm. Boston, baker
Elizabeth Boswell
Jemimah Boswell
Charlotte Bower
Widow Boulter
Saliniah Bonman
Catharine Bourke
Peter Bourke, hatter
Andrew Bower's wife
Martha Bowers
Stephen Bowers, shoemaker
Mrs. Bowen
Joseph Bowen
Elizabeth Bowen
Adam Bowles, carpenter
Catharine Bowles
Henry Bowles's wife and 2 sons
Susannah Bowles
Catharine Bowman, a servant
James Bowman
Frederic Bowman, doorkeeper
Frederic Bowman
Henry Bower's wife
John Bowyer, gardener
William Boyce's wife and son
Elizabeth Boyd
Martha Boyd, servant
Anthony Boyer, store-keeper
Catharine Boyer, widow
Henry Boyer, coach maker
Michael Boyer's child
Michael Boyer, butcher
James Boylan's child
Mary Boyles, widow
Catharine Boynes
Benjamin Bodger's son
Mary Brackley, a servant
Ann Bradshaw
Riley Bradford, waterman
Mr. Brandhoffer
John Brailey
Jacob Brant, blacksmith
John Braun's wife
Martin Braun, labourer
Widow Brayton's two children
Francis A. Breinez
Michael Brady
Hugh Brady
William Brickhouse
Paul Barnes's child 
Charles Brinhon
Mary Brady
John Breckel's wife
Theresa Bristol
Anthony Bricour
Catharine Breslin
Michael Briesch, tailor
Eliza Brelew
Rose Bride
Joseph Brewer, merchant
Samuel Breslin
John Bretzel, baker
William Brewster's son
Christian Bridig
Samuel Brien's daughter
Catharine Britton
Isaac Britton
Peter Bridnen, labourer
John Bright's son
Sarah Bright
Fra. Brooks, gunsmith, & child
Jacob Broener, tailor, and wife
Edward Brookes's wife
William Brookes's daughter
Mary Brooks
Francis Brookes
Wife of - Brooks, invalid
Hannah Brooks
— Broomstone & 2 apprentices
Widow Elizabeth Brogdon
John Brother's apprentice
John Brown, a negro
Ann Brown
Mary Brown
Barbara Brown, a servant
Conrad Brown and wife
Wife of George Brown, tailor
F. Brown, tailor, and wife
Jacob Brown; jun.
John Brown, carpenter
John Brown, brickmaker
Martin Brown and mother
Thomas Brown, tailor
William Brown, labourer
Thomas Brown, shopman
Thomas Brown,labourer
James Brown
Elizabeth Brown
William Brown
George Brownpere, labourer
Francis Bruckner
Bnrnabas Bruckholst and wife
James Broudwick
John Brunstrom
George Bruner, tailor, & wife
Widow Bruner
Elizabeth Bryant

(125)
Jacob Bryant, blacksmith
John Bryan's wife and child
Matthew Bryan, tailor
Peter Bryan, shoemaker
Thomas A. Bryan
Thomas Bryan's wife
William Bryan, labourer
Isaac Buckbee, hatter
George Buck, baker 
Bernard Buck's daughter
Wife&child of Jos. Budd, hatter
- Bulledet
Susannah Budd, widow
Sarah Busier
Widow Bulem
Joseph Bullock's son George,
and daughter Angelina
Mary Bullman
Samuel Bullman's wife
Mary Bunting
Rachel Bunting
Joseph Buffington's daughter
Joshua Bunn
Joseph Burden's child
Susanna Burden, in Almshouse
Thomas Burden, tailor
Catha. Burkhart, widow,Æt.8o
Margaret Burkhards
George Burdy, tailor
Wm.Burkhard 's daughter & son
Daniel Burkhard's daughter
John Burkhard and son
Elizabeth Burke
Peter Burke's daughter
George Burke's child
sCatharine Burke's daughter
Joseph Burke, clerk
Margaret, wife of John Burke
Joseph Burke, from W. Indies
Thomas Burke's wife
David Burk, tailor
Sophia Burke
Jacob Burkellow, jun.
Joshua Burns, house-carpenter
Mary Burns
Patrick Burns, labourer
Elizabeth Burngate, shopkeeper
Mrs. Burns
John Burns
Thomas Burn's wife
Moses Burnet, ferryman
Robert Burrows
Elizabeth Burs
John Busyman
William Butler, chairmaker
Elizabeth Bush
Robert Busby
Andrew Buttonfile's wife
Elizabeth and Clarissa Bushell,
William Butts, shoemaker
John Butler
Francis Byerly, a lad
John Burns, currier, and wife
Sarah Cable, a servant
Catharine Cabler
Hannah Cadwallader
Paul Cake's wife
Susannah Cake
James Calbraith, jun.
James Calbraith's young man
Jn. Calder, shopkeeper & wife
John Caldwell, a child
Mary Cale
James Callagher, seaman
Martin Callaghan
Michael Calup's child & servant
Daniel Calley
William Cameron, innkeeper
Charlotte Camp
Matthias Camp
Wife of Mr. Campbell, tailor
Ann Campbell
George Campbell, wife Sarah,
and daughter Mary
Christiana Campbell
James Campbell, shoemaker
John Campbell, servant
Alexander Gambler
Patrick Camble, labourer
Alexander Cambell
William Campbell and wife
James Camus
Gilmet Cambay
Dan.Canaaen,smith,& child,Jr.
John Candie
Mary Cane, widow
John Canner, baker
Phebe Cane
James Cannon
Fanny Cannon
George apehart, tobacconist
George Capebart and child
Frederic Capehart, apprentice
Caleb Cappey
Christopher Carefoot
Francis Cardell
Eleanor Carrell
Catharine Care
Laurence Carrell,brass-founder
Andrew Care, tailor
Philip Care's wife and child
Peter Carey, apprentice
John Carey's child
Peter Carey's child
-Carey's wife
Stelena Carl
Thomas Carnes, paper-hanger
Andrew Carney, blacksmith 

(126)
Bernard Carpentier
John Carpenter
James Carper
John Carner
Hannah Carlwine
James Carr, labourer, and wife
John Carr
Joseph Carr, joiner, and wife
Joseph Carr, apprentice
Rebecca Carr and mother
Mary Carr
Rob't Carr's wife,brass-founder
Daniel Carrigan, bricklayer
Charles Carroll, merchant
Elizabeth Carrens
Mary Carrol
Sarah Carrowood, servant
Timothy Carrell
William Carss, tailor
Willianf Carss and child
Ann Carson, house-wife
Francis Carson, labourer
Joseph Carson
Joseph Cassin
Hannah Carter
Lewis Carter,harness-maker
James Carter
James Carter, jun.
John Carpenter's daughter
Jacob Cathrall, son of Isaac
Benjamin Cathrall's son
William Cathers
Catharine - a servant
Julian Catton
James Cavelin, tailor
Bar. Cavenagh, porter, & wife
Elizabeth Caw
Elizabeth Caw
David Cay, merchant
Christian Cent
Frederic Cephers, joiner
Mary Francis Chabot
- Chace, of Baltimore
Dorothy Chafferly
Abraham Chalwell
David Chambers, stone-cutter
Adam Chambers's child
Henrietta Chambers
Harriet Chamberlaine's daugh.
Richard Chamberlaine's daugh.
Sarah Chambers
Dorothy Chapman
James Chapman, whip-maker
Hannah Chapman
Charles - , a drover
John Chatham, blacksmith
Nicholas Chatt
Claudius Chatt
Thomas Cherry, cooper
Mary Cherry
George Chess's wife
Eliza Chester
Thomas Chevalier
Michael Chew's child
William Chippy
Ernst Christ
Jacob Christler's wife
Elizabeth Christie
Matthew Christie, sen.
Matthew Christie, jun.
Andrew Christie, printer
Polly Christie
Frederic Christian, baker
George Christhelf's daughter,
and her child
Maria Christly
Samuel Christman
JohannChristmann's son Johann
James A. Chubb
George Christhelf, musician
John Christel's son
John Clackworthy
Adam Clamper, and child
Thomas Clamper
Ann Clampton
Ferdinand Claney
Abijah Clark's child
David Clark, coachmaker
Ephraim Clark's wife
Henrietta Clark, spinstress
Elizabeth Clark
James Clark, carpenter
Nelly Clark
Margaret Clark
Christian Clark's young man
Thomas Clark, brickmaker
Edward Clark
Sarah Clark
William Clark, waterman
James Clarkson
Margaret Claspin
John Clatworthy, tailor
George Clause
David Claypoole's two children
George Claypoole, joiner
William Claypoole's child
Bartley Clayton's child
Francis Clayton
Benjamin Clayton
William Claw
Elizabeth Clements
Chloe -, servant
William Clements
Jacob Clements, farmer
Mary Clements and son
Samuel Clements, New-Jersey 

(127)
Thomas Cleverly, baker
Thomas Clifford, sen. merchant
Sarah Clifton
Isaac Clime, carpenter
Sophia Climer
Daniel Cline, baker
David Cline and daughter
Isaac Cline, carpenter
Devoit Cline
George Cline
John Cline, labourer
John Cline, bricklayer
Philip Cline, baker
Mrs. Clingham
Mary Clingland
Church Clinton, house carpen-
ter, and wife
Margaret Closter
Andrew Clow, merchant
William Clow, printer
George Clowse
James Clubb
Philip Clumberg, surg. barber
Christian Cluper
Hugh Clymer
Daniel Coarigan, bricklayer
Josiah Coates's daugh. Margaret
Thomas Coates's child
Wife and child of John Cobble,
blacksmith
John Coburn's child
Samuel Whitease Coburn
Child of James Cochran, house
carpenter
John Cocklin
John Cochran, a seaman
Mrs. Cohen and son George
Thomas Colbert, clerk
Joseph Coleman's wife
William Coleman's child
Dorothy Coleman
Adam Collins, tobacconist
Honora Collins and child
Judith Collins, servant
Nicholas Collins, trunk-maker
Margaret Collins
Ralph Collins and wife
William Collins, his wife, his
two daughters, his second
wife, his son James, his wife,
& his child, all of one family
Isaac Collins
Catharine Collyer
Sarah Coltman, midwife
John Colvill's child
Sarah Colway
Abraham Camby, carpenter
Cornelius Comegys' wife Ann
Mary Commyns
Sarah Commyns
Robert Conckell
Barbara Conard
Margt. Conard, daugh. of John
Mary Conard
Maria Conde's son
Matthew Conard, tavern-keeper
Robert Condit
Margaret Conery
Michael Conrad, a lad
John Conrad, and wife
Mrs. Conrad, and girl
John Conrad, watchman
Widow Conrad
Maria Conrad
Jane Conkey
George Connelly, bricklayer
George Connelly's child
John Connelly's child
Molly, daugh of Michael Conner
Sarah Connelly
Patrick Connelly
Margaret, wife of Jos. Conyers
- Confer, tailor
Charles Contant
Edward Cook's daughter
George Cook, labourer, & wife
Henry Cook
Henry Cook
George Cook, porter
William Cook, stone-cutter
James Cook
John Cook
William Cook's child
George Cowper's wife
Jacob Cowper, apprentice
John Cooper's apprentice
James Cooper, labourer
Peter Cowper's son, currier
William Cowper, currier
Charles Cope, shoemaker
Son of John Cope, butcher
George Cope
Margaret Conry
Jacob Coppas, labourer
Patt. Conly
Michael Corroy
James Cornelius, carpenter
David Copeland, tavern keeper
Mrs. Corns, and son
Mrs. Corran
Mary Cone
Lewis Cossart, apprentice
William Corsy
Michael Corley, upholsterer
Nicholas Corley, mill-stone ma-
ker, and child

(128)
Judith Corley
Lewis Coul
Elizabeth Corkrin
John Cotringer
William Roulson, sawyer
Richard Courtney, tailor
John Cousins, store-keeper
Widow Cownoust's child
John Cowen, store-keeper
James Cowan and child
John Coward, hemp-dresser
William Cowles
Samuel Cowty's child
Louisa Cowell
Barney Cox
John Cox, shoemaker
William Cox
The boy and girl of William
Cox, chair-maker
Joseph Cox, currier
-Cox's son-in law
Alexander Cox
Charles Cox's child
Joseph Cox, and wife
Ann Coy
John Cozens
Jacob Craft, breeches maker
James Coffee
William Coffee
Dennis Connor
Rebecca Corron
Anthony Cradet
James Craig, merchant, Æt. 80
Edward Crane
John Craig's wife
Lydia Craig
Mrs. Craig
Mrs. Craig
Jacob Cramp, biscut-baker
Susannah Cramp
George Craps
James Crawford's child
Chris. Crawlinberg, joiner
Margaret Craig, widow
Mary Crayhead, seamstress
Henry Creemer
Casper Cress, and daughter
Andreas Cressman's servant
Margaret Cress
Caleb Cresson's wife
Joshua Cresson, merchant
Peter Cresson
Lewis Cressy's wife
Christian Crisswell's child
Elizabeth Crisswell
Christopher Criel's son
John Croll, barber
-Cronow, sugar-boiler
Catharine Cross
-Cromwell's wife
Daniel Croft, carpenter, & wife 
Daniel Cross, jun. carpenter
Fanny Cross, washerwoman
Peter Cross
Mary Cross's child
George Crow, brass-founder
Henry Crowell's wife
John Crowley, potter
James Crowley
Mary Crowley and daughter
John Crubreux, drayman
Mr. Crull's child
Wife of John Crumb, bricklayer
Philip Cruncle
John Crump's child
Paul Cuckot
Catharine Cunan
Ann Cunningham
Robert Cunningham's child
Comfort Cunningham
Hannah Cunningham
Michael Cunningham
Matthew Cunningham
Peter Curren's child
Mrs. Currens, and two sons
Mercy Currie
James Currie
Rebecca Currier
Ann Curtain
Thomas Custard, shoemaker
Jacob Daderman's child
Robert Dainty, plumber
Bridget Daily
Capt. Richard Dales's child
Peter Dale's daughter Sarah
Francis Dalmase
Thomas Dabriel, shoemaker
John Dalton, clockmaker
David Damsen, shoemaker
Julian Danacker
George Danecker, and wife
Robert Dannell
Catharine Dardis
Henry Darroch, store-keeper
John Damn, labourer
Conrad Dauenhaer's daughter
George Daum's wife
John David, silversmith
Ann David
Robert Davidson
James Davidson, merchant 

(129)
James Davidson's child
Isaac Daves
Capt. Davis's two nephews
Elizabeth Davis
Gilford Davis's wife
Isaac Davis's wife
John Davis, wheelwright, wife
and daughter
Joseph Davis, labourer
Joseph Davis, soap-boiler
Mary Davis's child
Michael Davis
Robert Davis, anchor-smith
Samuel Davis
Hester, wife of Sam. Davis,sen.
Sophia Davis
Susannah Davis
Rachel, wife of Joseph Davis,
currier
Widow Davis
Widow Davis
William Davis
John Davis, upholsterer
Richard Davy
Mary Dawkens
Hannah Dawson
Joshua Dawson's child
Daniel Dawson's wife Hannah
Mary Dawson
Darius Dawson
James Day's wife
Elizabeth Day
Sarah Days
Edward Deal, blacksmith
John Deal, blacksmith
Mary Deal, servant
Peter Deal's child
Margaret Dean
Joseph Dean, vendue-master, a
woman and child
Patrick Deary
Joseph de Barth
Mr. Deberger, his wife, and 6
or 7 of the family
Jacob Debre
Elizabeth Debre
Thomas Debzel
Christian Deckard
John C. Deckard, musician
Christ. Deckenhart, apprentice
Henry Decker, a servant
Jenny Degenhart
Christopher Degenhard & child
Wilhelmina Degenhard
William Deganhort
Ann D. Deiss
Benjamin Delany, chair-maker
Henry Delany
Dennis Delany's child
John Delany
Patrick Delany's child
Bridget Delay, cook
Samuel Delap, bookseller
John Demaffrand's daughter
Andrew Denahaw, cooper
Mary Denckla, a child
Richard Denney
Mary Denny
Robert Dennet, groom
Ezekiah Denum
William Dennis
George Dennison
George Densell
Henry Densell's wife
Maria Denzell
Henry Depherwinn's son
George Dernberger
Henry Derham
James Derry
Widow Deringer
Adam Detterick, shoemaker
John Devenny's child
Christian Devir
Thomas Devonald, merchant
Margaret Dewis
Campbell Dick, merchant
John Dibberger, cutler, and wife
Charlotte Dibberger
Henry Dibberger, sen. and wife
John Dickz's son
Dick -, a negro, aged 75
John Dickenson, bookbinder
Mary Dickinson
Jonathan Dickinson, shoemaker
- Dickinson, drover
Daniel Dickenson's daughter
Elizabeth Dickinson
William Dickinson
John Dickinson's child
P. Dickinson's daughter Maria
Thomas Dickinson's wife
William Dickinson, farmer
Michael Dignon and two sons
Edward Diehl, smith
John Diehl's son, porter
Maria M. Diehl
John Diehl, carpenter
Henry Dietz, baker
John Dietmar, labourer
Maria Dietz
Elizabeth Dietrick 
S

(130)
Michael Dietrich's son
William Dien, a child
Frederick Dillman's wife
Catharine Dill's child
Mr. Dingle's child
Jane Dight, a servant
Catharine Dorothy Dirrick
William Dallas
Christian Dishong, and child
Maurice Dishong, clerk
Matthew Dishong's child
Susannah Dishong, widow
John Dixon's wife
Elizabeth Dixon
Patrick Dixon's child, labourer
William Dixon, joiner
Doctor John Dodd
Jacob Doddelmah's wife and
two children
Dolly, a black woman
Julian Doison
John Doll, carpenter
Hugh Donaldson, son of John
Arthur Donaldson's son
John Donahue
Johanna Donahue
Abigail Donahue
Margaret Donnelly
Philip K. Dorneck
William Dorr
Sarah H. Dorsey
Robert Dorsey's servant girl
William Doudney
Barnard Dougherty
Jeremiah Dougherty,carpenter
John Dougherty, carpenter
Rev. William Dougherty
Margaret Dougherty, servant
Henry Dougherty
Elizabeth Doughty
Charlotte Douglass
G. W. Douglass, silver-smith
Joseph Douglass, hair-dresser
William Douglass, carter
Peggy Dougney
Mary Dove
Thomas Bowling
Nathaniel Dowdry, carpenter
Mrs. Down
William Downey, whip-maker
Nathaniel Downing
Peter Doyle
James Doyle
Mary Dayle
Henry Drawiller
John Drieux, wife & daughter
William Drinker
Elizabeth Driscall and child
John B. Drouiliard's 2 children
John Drum's child
Eleanor Drum
Cha. Fk. Dubois, watch-maker
Joseph Dubreez's wife
Erenna Duffield
Lucy Duffield
J. Dufour's daughter Catharine
Nancy Dugan and child
William Duglas
DuLac, F.ambassador's secretary
-Dull, hatter
Charles Dunbar
John Dunbury, servant
John Dudman
James Duncan's wife and child
John Dunkin, merchant
John Dunleavy
Cormick Dunleavy
Margaret Dunley, servant
Ann Dunn
Elizabeth Dunn
Sarah Dunn
Francis Dupail
Doctor Joseph Dupac
Elizabeth Duplessis
Francis Dupont, consul of
French republic
Philip Durnick
John Durker
Peter Durieu
Rosanna Durang
Joseph Duvet
John Durney's child
Thomas Durnell's daughter
Susannah Dyes
William Earl
Grace Easlaugh and child
Charles Eastick
Sarah Eastick
John Eastick's wife
George Eborne's child
John P. Eck, grocer
Elizabeth Eccles
James Eccle's two daughters
-Eccles
George Eckel, linen-draper
Mary Eccles
Elizabeth Eccles
Deborah Eckley
John Ecky's apprentice
- Eckstein's wife Catharine
and child
Maria Echard

(131)
Philip Edenborn, carpenter
Phil. Edenhorn, flour-merchant
John Edmundson
Edward Edwards's two children
Ephraim Edwards, labourer
John Edwards, sailor
Abigail Edwards's child
Morgan Edwards, hatter.
John Edwards
Samuel Edwards and wife
W. Edwards,silversmith,& child
Catharine Egan
James Eggar
Martin Ehrhard's daughter
Elizabeth Ehrenzellers
Jacob Ehringer
Mary Eidenfield, servant
Ann Eiler
John Eisenbrey, tavern-keeper
Richard Elber's child
Francis Elcock
David Elder, clerk
Sarah Elder 
David Elder and wife
John Element, coachman
J. Elfrey, cooper, wife & child
Catharine Elfry
Josiah Elfrith, joiner
Laurence Ellers and wife
William Ellery
Isaac Elliot
John Elliot
Mary Elliot
Hannah Ellis
Elizabeth Ellis and child
Samuel A. Ellis
Ann Elmore
Margt. Elmslie, from Scotland
Sarah Ellsworth
Joseph Elam, merchant
Elsy, a black
Andrew Elwine
Hannah Elwins, a child
Baitzer Emerick's two sons
Lætitia Emuel
Maria Emelott
Widow Emmeret 
Jacob Enk, tailor, & 3 sons, viz.
Philip Enk, teller in B.U.S. }
Henry Enk, linen-draper }
Peter Enk, tailor }
Jacob Endre's brother in-law
Catharine Enger, and child
Christian Englehot, labourer
James Engles's child
John Engles, merchant
John English
Jacob Erringer, weaver
Peter Erston, wife & 2 chidren
Anthony John Escorcio, clerk
Frederic Esker, baker
Christian Esling
Barbara Esky
Jacob Essler, blacksmith
Margaret Estling
George Eswin's wife
Adam Etner
Elizabeth Ettrick
Matthew Ettrick's wife
Etienne J. Eude's child
John Evans's child
Magdalen Evans
Joseph Evans
Mary Evans
James Evans
Mary Evans, a hired girl
Nancy Evans
Philip Evans, house-carpenter
Phillis Evans
Rowland Evans, merchant
Rowland Evans
Israel Everly, shoemaker
Widow Eberman
Anthony Everhardt, labourer
William Evil
John Ewen's two children
Thomas Ewing's two children
John Eysenbry, tavern keeper
Henry Facundus, shoemaker,
and wife
John Fairus, ship-carpenter
Mary Faires
Arthur Falconer, Jr.
Hannah Falkenburger, Germ.
Casper Farner's wife
Joseph Farren, jun.
John Farren
Edward Farren's child
John Farrow, shoemaker
John Fasler
Michael Fatty's two children
John Fauser's son
William Favel, baker
Samuel Faringer's wife
Charles Fearis, seaman
Tobias Febias
Widow Feller's child
Jacob Felty, Germ.
Felix Fenner, labourer
Daniel Fenance, a child 

(132)
Joseph Fenny
Dan. Fenton, shoemaker, & wife
David Fenton,shoemaker, & wife
Thomas Fenton, jun.
Philip T. Fentham, druggist
Widow Fenton
Thomas Fenton, sail-maker
Ferely, widow
Widow Ferglass
Elizabeth Ferguson
Samuel Ferguson
Robert Ferguson, brick-layer
Thomas Ferguson, printer
Barnabas Ferris, clerk
John Ferris
Francis Ferris, clerk
Ann Margaret Fidlers, widow
Barbara Field
Charles Field, chair-maker
Peter Field's wife
Widow Filler
Thomas Fielder
Catharine Fiete
William Fimister, farmer
Francis Finley
Charles Findley, grave-digger
Jane Findley
Michael Finn's child
William Finn, hatter
Charles Finney's daughter
Joseph Finney
John Fink, porter
Charles Fink, shoemaker
Hannah Firmir
William Firm
William Finister
Ann Fisher, servant
Catharine Fisher, servant
David Fisher, labourer
Jabez, son of Miers Fisher
John Fisher
Robert Fisher
Henry Fisher, starch-maker,
and wife
Patrick Fisher, shoemaker
John Fisher and daughter
Sam'l Fisher, button-plater, Eng.
Zachariah Fisher's child
Samuel Fisher, hatter
Sarah Fisher, servant
Samuel Fishinger's wife
Jacob Fisher, tailor
Anthony Fisser
Jacob Fister, labourer, and wife
Christo. Fite, shoemaker, Germ.
Adam Fister, carpenter
Margaret Fitzgerald
William Fitzgerald, tailor
Gerald Fitzsimmons
Jeremiah Fitzsimmons, painter
John Fitzsimmons
Philip Flack, joiner
George Flauer's daughter
George Fleck's wife
Jacob Fleck's six children
Reverend Francis A. Fleming,
catholic clergyman
Margaret Fleim
FJugh Fleming, tavernkeeper
Hugh Fleming, son of do.
Samuel Fleming, sen.
Samuel Fleming, jun.
Elizabeth Fletcher
Charles Flick, wife and child
David Flickwir, confectioner,
wife, and son
James Flinn
Mary Flinn
Anne Flint, widow
Flora, a black girl
Mons. Florio, Fr.
Margaret Flour
George Flowers's child
Eliza. Faggle
Mary Faggle, daughter of do.
William Faggle
Elizabeth Fellows, widow
Widow Folwell's child
Isaac I. Folwell, tailor
Daniel Ford, farmer
George Forde's child
George Ford, hostler
Fortune Ford
Alexander Foreman's daughter
John Forester
William Forester, labourer
John Forse
Thomas Forster, hatter
Nicholas Fosberg, church-clerk
Nicholas Fosberg, sen. painter
Ann Foster
Margaret Fossom, Germ.
Wife of Geo. Founce, fisherman
Lemuel Fowles and child
George Fowme, fisherman
William Fowles, musician
Dorothy Fox
Robert Fox
George Fox and three children
George Fox 

(133)
Garret Foyer
Frederic Foy
James Frampton
George France
Joseph France
Rebecca Francis
Jacob Franks's wife
David Franks
David S. Franks, assistant ca-
shier of the U. S. B.
Catharine Fraim
Elizabeth Fraser,in the Widows'
Hospital
Mary Fraser
Robert Fraser
John Frederick, labourer
Anthony Freeborn, shoemaker
Jacob Freeborn, tobacconist
Tobias Freeborough
Tobias Freebush, shoemaker
Isaac Freeman
Jacob Freneau
Catharine Freeth, servant
Philip Fries, labourer
William French
Susannah French, nurse
Charles French's daugh. Eliza.
7 French strangers (names un-
known)
Michael Frick, carter
Jacob Frilander, labourer
Abry Friend, negro
Elizabeth Friend
John Fritz, tailor
John Fritz, tavern-keeper
Elizabeth Frost
Joseph Fromp, apprentice
James Fruger
Jacob Fry, apprentice
Jane Fry
Mary Fry, wife of Joseph Fry
Joseph Fry, junior
George Fudge's wife, & daugh.
John Fagle, wife, and two sons
Jacob Fulton
Widow Fuller
Henry Furgurson, tailor, & wife
William Fusselback's child
Peter Gabriel, baker
Ferdinand Gabriel
Mary Gabriel
Sarah Gainer
Mary, daugh. of Ja's Gallagher
Daniel Gallagher
Ally Gallagher
Michael Gallimore, farmer
Sarah Galloway, Æt. 75
Mary Ann Gally
Elizabeth Galler
Catharine Gailinger
John Gamber's child
John Gambles's wife
Mary Ganno
Elizabeth Gans
Drusilla Gardner
Michael Garcoin
Elizabeth Gardner
Elizabeth Gardner, servant
Wife of James Gardner, sailor
John Gardner, shoemaker
Mary Gardner
Richard Gardner, tea-dealer
Benjamin Gardener
Widow Margaret Gardner
Mr. - Garre
Andrew Garter
John Gartner, labourer
Mary Garret
Thomas Garrette, apprentice
Elizabeth Garret
Thomas Garrigues, hatter
Samuel Garrigues's wife & son
Andrew Gartley
John Gartly
Sarah Gassner
Valentine Gasner's daughter
Casper Gasner, shoemaker, son
and daughter
George Gather's son
John Gartly
Andrew Gatley
William Gauslin
Adolph Gaul, butcher
Joseph Gaven
John Gawn, tailor and child
Widow Gebhard and daughter
Rachel Gebhard
Dorothy Geir
Christian Gensel, porter
John Gelher, labourer
Wife of John Genther, tailor
George Genslin's child
Margaret Genther
Robert George
Michael Gering's child
John Getts, plasterer, and wife
Jacob Geyer, tailor
Isaac Geyer's son
Henry Gibert, cabinet-maker
John Gibard
Margaret Gibson, and child
Andrew Gibson's wife 

(134)
Mary Ann Gibson
Robert Gibson, cabinet-maker
Nancy Gibson
George Gilberts wife
Michael Gilbert, potter
Ruth Gilbert
Sarah Gilbert, servant
James Gilchrist,merchant, Eng.
William Gilfrey's wife
John Gill, tal. chandler, & child
Joseph Gill
Sarah Gill
John Gillingham
Mary Gillingham, spinster
Mrs. Girard
Mrs. Gilmore
Margaret Ginther
John Ginther, tailor, and wife
William Girtin
Fer. Gism
Mrdinand Glancey, labourer
Nathaniel Glover, merchant
Elizabeth Glynn
Benjamin Glynn
Peter Glenntworth, physician
Michael Gleenson's child
John Gobblegought, Germ.
Mary Godin
William Godfrey
-Golden, hair dresser, Bost.
Martha Goldsmith, widow
Thomas Goldrick
Henry Goldson, apprentice
Henry Golzer
John Good, labourer, Germ.
Joseph Good, wife and child
Mary Good, from Bucks county
Michael Good, brickmaker
Moses Goodman, labourer
George Goodman's child
James Goodwin
Abraham Gordon, carpenter
Elizabeth Gordon
John Gordon, Ir.
Peter Gordon, shoemaker
Enoch Gordon
Richard Goren's child
Michael Gorran
James Gotham, carpenter and
button-maker
Wm. Gosling, house carpenter
Catharine Gosner, Germ.
Joseph Gosner, jun.
Sarah Gosner, servant
John Gotze, plasterer, and wife
James Gowan, sailor
Morris Gough, ship-carpenter,
wife and two children
Joseph Gowan
George Grace, labourer
Jacob Grace's wife
Rev. Laurence Graessl, catho-
lic pastor
Batty Graff's child
John Graff's wife
Jacob Graff, mason
Thomas Graham
Dr. Graham, late of New York
Robert Graham
Duncan Graham, carpenter
Mary Graham
John Graham, stone-cutter
Casper Graist's daughter
Jonathan Grammer
William Grant, tailor
Alexander Graves's wife
Ludwick Graver's child
William Gravenstone
John Gray, rope-maker
Peter Gray's child
Joseph Gray
Thomas Gray, jun.
Robert Greaves, hair-dresser
George Greble, cooper
Elizabeth Green and child
Edward Green, ship-carpenter
Michael Green
James Green's wife & daughter
Susanna Greens
John Green's child
John Green, labourer, Ir.
Isaac Green, labourer
John Green
Solomon Green, tobacconist
William Grenville
Levander Greff
John Greenward
Benjamin Greiner, nailor
Archibald Greenlap
John Greisberger's wife
Ann Gergory, widow, Æt. 60
Malcolm Gregory
Thomas Gregory, cooper
Christian Gregory's child
Ann Gregg
John Grehaut, labourer
John Gribble
George Gribble, cooper
Jonathan Grice, shipwright
Jofeph Grieve's wife
John Grier, and wife
Thomas Griffiner

(135)
Mary Griez, widow, Æt. 63
Levander Griffee
Mary Griffen
Sellwood Griffin, blockmaker
William Griffin
Margaret Grindle
John Griffin
Samuel Griscam, carpenter
Rebecca Griscam, wife of do.
Casper Grisgam, sawyer,Ir.
Ann Griggs
William Griggen
Sam. Griskel, carpenter, & wife
Catharine Grogan
John Gross's wife
Widow Gross
Widow Grossings
Joseph Groves, tailor
Jacob Groves, blacksmith
Margaret Groves
John Grubb, carpenter
John Grubb, jun. carpenter
James Grumman's child
John Gryce, sail-maker
Henry Guel
Geo. Gueneau's wife, & child
Mr. - Guerre
John Guest, sen.
Judas Guier
Marcus Gunn
Neil Gunn, labourer
Daniel Gurney's child
William Gurton, and wife
James Guthrie, carpenter
John Gutts, plasterer, and wife
Jacob Gueyer, son of ditto
Frederic Haas
Matthew Hass
Mary Hass
John Habea
Catharine Hafline, spinster
Daniel Hafline, blacksmith
William Haft, shoemaker, wife,
and apprentice
Susanna Haga
Catharine Hagar
S. Hagelgans, stocking-weaver
Valentine Hagner, sen. cooper
Valentine Hagner, junior
Elizabeth Hagner
Andreas Haidt, smith
Andreas Haft
Wm. Hast, shoemaker, & wife
Sam'l Hailagus, stocking weaver
David Hailer, surgeon
Frederick Hailer's wife
Widow Hailey
John Haltzel, tailor
John Haines's wife
Dorothy Hains
Reuben Haines, sen. brewer
Margaret Haines, wife of ditto
George Hake, cooper
Jacob Halberstott
Charles Halden, hatter
Sebastian Hale, or Ale, gr.digger
Thomas Hale, bell-hanger
Patrick Haley, labourer
Penelope Haley 
Philip Hall, butcher, Germ.
Dorothy Hall
Parry Hall and daughter
Elizabeth Hall
John Hall
Samuel Hall, labourer, Eng.
Mrs. Haller
Philip Haller, cooper
John Hallet, hair-dresser, & wife
Charles Hallick's sister
Anthony Haman
Charles Hambleton's wife
Henry Hambleton
Abraham Hambright's wife
Joseph D.Hamelin,French tutor
Alexander Hamilton's wife
James Hamilton
John Hamilton, apprentice
Mary Hamilton
William Hamilton
Unity Hammel
Margaret Hammon
Jacob Hammond, sugar-baker,
wife and child, Germ.
Nic. Hampstead's son & daughter
Elizabeth Hampstead
Child of Sam'l Hampton, grocer
Thomas Hampton
Michael Hanaghan, servant
John Hanks's maid
Capt. Jacob Hand's widow
Geo. Haney, carpenter, & wife
John Haney, labourer, Ir.
John Hannah and child
Joseph Hanna, tailor
Christian Hanna
Andrew Hanna
William Hannan
Wife of Barnet Hansell, tailor
Andrew Hanish
Mr. Hansell, Germ.
Wife of Christ. Hanseman, tailor
John Haragel, baker 

(136)
Thomas Harden
Eve Harding
James Harding, sawyer
Hannah Harding
William Hardiness's wife
James Hardy
Jane Hardey
John Flare, labourer
William Harklife
Jacob Harlman and wife
Joseph Harman, hair-dresser
Mary Herman
Temperance Harmer
Sarah Harmer
Alexander Harme
Nicholas Harmstadt, & daughter
Jane Harned
Hannah Harnsey
Christopher Harper's daughter
Henry Harper, hair-dresser
Mary Harper
Joseph Harper's three children
William Harper's wife and child
John Harragan, tailor
Michael Harragan, smith
Thomas Harrell, farmer
Edward Harris's wife
John Harris and wife
William Harris
Peale Harris
Thomas Harris, sadler
William P. Harris, clerk
Widow Harris
Elizabeth Harris
Hazel Harriot
Mary Harrison, nurse
Jane Harrison
Sarah Harrison
Margaret Harrison
Jacob Hart, pilot
Laurence Hart, storekeeper
Rachel Hart
Thomas Hart, shoemaker, Eng.
John Hartford, coachman
Sarah Hartley, Eng.
Susanna Hartley
Anthony Hartman
Jacob Hartman, apprentice
Peter Hartman's wife
Lewis Hartman
John Hartrau's wife
Elizabeth Harvey
Eliz. Harvey, schoolmistress, En.
Samuel Harvey, apprentice
Philip Hasenbach, labourer
Wm. Hassel, sen. tavern keeper
Isaac Hartings, student
Lydia Hatfield
James Hattriotz, baker
Jacob Haushaw's young woman
John Hauskins, shoemaker
William Hautzel, weaver
- Hausman's daughter
Henry Hausten
Christian Hautzel, carter
Christopher Hauser's wife
Jacob Hawes
Anna Maria Hawan
Hugh Hawthorn, tailor
Mary Hawthorn
William Hays, ironmonger
Michael Hay, wife, and three
sons, John, Peter, and Charles
Joseph Hay
Martha Hays,
Jacob Hays
Mary Hays, of Allentown
Catharine Hayes, a stranger
John Haynes, apprentice
Catharine Haynes
Ruth Haynes
Hannah Hazard
James Hazelet, weaver, Ir.
Charles Hazzleton
John Heartenough's wife
Chris. Heatley, merchant's wife
Harriot, wife of Charles Heatly
George Heck, cooper
Samuel Head's daugh. Mary
- Hebert, a Frenchman
Anthony Hecht, labourer
Charles Heitberger, butcher
John Helm's child
Jacob Heiberger's child
George Heiberger's son
John Heiberger, baker
Roger Heffernan
John Heffernan, school-master
William Heiszer, painter
Widow Heil
John Hell's child
Anna Maria Heintzen
John Heiser, batter
Francis Helfrick's wife & child
Elizabeth Held
Peter Heir's wife
Catharine Hem
James Hendrick, sen. cutler
James Hendersen's wife
Redmond Henderson
Thomas Henderson's child
Mary Henderson 

(137)
Ann Hendrick
Wilhelmina Hedrick, and four
servants
Elizabeth Hedrick
Martha Hemphill
John Henna
Patrick Hennabody, coach-ma-
ker, wife and daughter
John Henan's child
Michael Hennasey
John Henigel, baker
John Henry, jeweller
Margaret Henry
Christopher Hensner's daugh.
Wife of Henry Henson, brush-
maker
Michael Henszey
George Hercules, a negro
William Hercules, shoemaker
Elizabeth Herleman
George Herman, baker
George Herlemin
William Herman's wife
William Hertzog, labourer
Christopher Herrely, labourer
John Herrill
Wife of Nich. Hess, blacksmith
George Hess's sister
Isaac Heston
- Hetnick, baker
Israel Hewlings, shoemaker
Joseph Hewlings, bricklayer
Henry Hewmes, coppersmith
John Huson, sailor
Mrs. Hewit
Andrew Hews
John Heyberger, jun.
Mary Heyberger
John Heyburn
Andrew Heyd's son
Benja. Hickman's wife & son
David Hickman, clerk
Joseph Hicks, gluemaker
John Hicks
Richard Hicks
John Hierson, hatter
William Hickert's wise
John Jacob Hiertman, malster
Angel Higgenbottom
William Higgenbottom
Joseph Higgins
Mary Hightson
Susannah Higgin, widow
Martin Hilderburn, sieve-maker
Wife of George Hill, clerk
Robert Hill
Wife of Jacob Hill, fisher man
James Hill, bricklayer
James Hill, clerk
John Hill, chair-maker
Johannah Hill, jun.
John Hill's daughter
Samuel Hill, Ir.
James Hillman, apprentice
Jacob Hillman, blacksmith
Catharine Hillner
Jacob Hilsinger, labourer
William Hiltzheimer
Mary Hinan
George Hinckel, watchman
John Hinckel's son
Christop'r Hineman's daughter
Jane Hiltridge
George Hinton, cutler
Mrs. Hirst 
Mary Hirrine
George Hishatters
Samuel Hampton's son
Henry Haare, cardmaker
John Hobson, sievemaker
Barbara Hackensosse
John Hockley, ironmonger
Elizabeth Hobson
Jeffrey Hadnet, sadler, and son
Christopher Hocknoble
Catharine Hoff
Catharine Hoffman
Regina Hoffman
Isaac Hoffman, sailor
Henry Hoffman, baker
Susanna Hoffman
Jac. Hoffner, schoolmaster, Ger.
Philip Hofner, carter
Michael Hoft's son
Edward Hogan's two children
Dr. Hodge's child
Andrew Hodge's child
Joseph Hogg, carpenter, N. Jer.
Anna Catharina Hefflein
Jacob Holberstadt, labourer
Charles Hold, hatter
Benjamin Holden, mason
Charles Holden
Wm. Holdernesse's son Thomas
Samuel Holgate
William Holklow
Barbara Hollard, widow
Philip Hollard, cooper
John Holmes, farmer
Sarah Holmes, widow
T 

(138)
Sarah Holmes
Thomas Holmes's wife
Moses Homberg, innkeeper
George Honigs
Wife & child of William Honck,
turner
Christopher Honey
John Honecker and wife
George Honiker's wife & child
Joseph Holton
Martha Holton
Sarah Honor, widow
George Hoochey
Sarah Hoop
John Hoover's wife
Andrew Hope, jun.
William Hope, tinman
John Hopkins, jun. silver-smith
John Hopkins's wife
Joseph Hopkins, hatter, Virg.
Mary Hopkins
Mary Hopkins, a servant
Richard Hopkins
Thomas Hopkins, ship-joiner
Joseph Hopper, joiner
Ludwick Hopler
Christian Hopsal, labourer
Henry Hore
Henry Home, schoolmaster,
and three children
Mary Horne, Germ.
Eliz. Hornor, daughter of Ben-
jamin
Mary Horndriver
Philip Herslepaugh, shoemaker,
Winchester
William Hotts
Azariah Horton
Caleb Hoskins, of Burlington
Benjamin Houlton
Anthony Hotman
John Homtan
Winnefred Houghey's child
Catharine House, Germ.
Elizabeth Houchen
Abby Houseman
Jacob Houseman, carpenter
Joseph Houts, hair-dresser
William Houston, weaver
John Hover's wife
Mr. Howard
John Howard, paper-maker,
Eng.
Thomas Howe, rope-maker
Jacob R. Howell, notary public
Jacob S. Howell
Isaac Howell's wife Patience
Mr. Howell
Catharine Howsty
Adam Hubley, vendue-master
John Huber's child
William Hudson, wool-comber
Peter Hudson
Joseph Hudell's wife Sarah
Benjamin Huggins
Ellis Hughes, whitesmith
Caleb Hughes's child and two
apprentices
Garret Hughes and wife
John, son of Hugh Henry
Henry Hughes
George Hughes's child
William Hughes, breechesma-
ker, Scotland
Wife of Frederic Huler, sailor
Diana Hulford
Abraham Hulings' wife
Oliver C. Hull, apothecary
Joshua Humphreys, Æt. 86
Hannah Humphreys, daughter
of do. 
John Humphreys's child
Rich'd Humphreys, storekeeper
Gabriel Humphreys's child
James Hunt, clerk
William Hunt, tailor
Ann Hunter's child
John Hunter, carpenter
William Hunter, tavern-keeper
and child
John Hunter's daughter
John Husey
Charles Hunsinan
Mr. Hustick's child
Elizabeth Huston, seamstress
John Huston, print cutter, Eng.
James Hutchinson, physician,
his child and apprentice
George Hutamn, hair-dresser
Rebecca Hutman, a child
John Hurey
Mary Hynin
William Hyser, painter, Ger.
Maria Hyson, Germ.
Peter Ilett
John Insell's daughter Mary
- Inglis, storekeeper
John Ingles, merchant, of York-
shire
Wife of Joseph Inglis, carter
John Inkson, apprentice
Joseph Irvine 

(139)
Oliver Irvine, hatter
Jacob Irwin
Mrs. Irwin
Sarah Irwin
James Iskin
Robert Jacks, schoolmaster
Robert Jacks, shoemaker
David Jackson
Diana Jackson's child
- Jackson
James Jackson
John Jackson, drayman
Joseph Jackson's child
Miss - Jackson
Thomas Jackson
Wid. Jackson, of Wilmington
George Jacob's wife
George Jacobs, blacksmith
John Jacobs, porter
John Jacobs, painter
Nicholas Jacobs's son
Jacob, a black man
James, a black man
Jacob James
Margaret James, a child
Martha James
- Jameson, labourer
Edward Jamison
Helena Jamison
John Jamison, cooper
Matthew Jamison
Wm. Jamison, carpenter
William Jamison, tailor
William Jamison's child
Jane -, a black woman
Doctor Janus's daughter
Martha Jason, spinster
John Jarman, jun.
John Jauck, brushmaker
F. Laurejai, Fr.
William Jeffry
John Jenkins's son Samuel
Jacob Jennings, store-keeper
John Jenny, ship-carpenter
Elizabeth Jobards, widow
John Jobb, painter
Joseph Jobb, stocking-weaver
John Jobline
Hannah Jodon
Peter Jodon
— Johnson's wife & child
Catharine Johnson's child
James Johnson
Jonas Johnson, tavern-keeper
Mary Johnson, servant
Samuel Johnson, printer
Susannah Johnson
Robert Johnson, physician
Robert Johnson, shoemaker
William Johnson, joiner
Barney Johnson
Francis Johnson
John Johnson
Margaret Johnson, widow
Mary Johnson, widow
Robert Johnson, baker
Samuel Johnson, painter
Ann Jones
Charles Jones, conveyancer
Daniel Jones
Elizabeth Jones
Child of Ely Jones, clerk
Stelena Jones, stay maker
George Jones, blacksmith
Jane Jones, mantua-maker
Joab Jones, tailor
John Jones's wife
Mary Jones, widow
Mary Jones's son
Matthew Jones's daughter
Owen Jones, sen. Æt.82
Patience Jones
Rebecca Jones, widow of David
Rowland Jones, clerk
Ruth Jones
Sarah Jones, widow
Widow Jones's daughter
William Jones, merchant
William Jones, labourer, & wife
Hannah Jordan, jr.
Henry Jordan's wife
James Jordan, chairmaker
Samuel Jordan, turner
Joseph, a black man
George Jost
John Jourdan, coachman
Jude, a black woman
Jacob Judah
Judith, a black woman
Juliana, a mulatto
Cornelia Julio
Catharine Jung
Jacob Jung's daughter
David Justice, apprentice
John Justice's child
William M. Justice, printer
Joseph Kaenerle
Jacob Kales, labourer
John Kalkbrener's wife
Godfrey Kartis, shoemaker
Jacob Kates, labourer
Elizabeth Katten, Carlisle 

(140)
Catharine Kattz
Elizabeth Kattz and 2 children
John Kattz's wife
Isaac Kattz's wife
Michael Kattz's child
Mary Karn
Jacob Kauffman's son
John Kean's two children
Joseph Kean's child
Hugh Kean's child
Mary Kean
Matthew Kean's daughter
Elizabeth Keen and child
John Keen's child
Joseph Keen
Mary Keen
Susannah Keigen
Elizabeth Kell
James Kellenan
George Kelly, harness-maker
Mrs. Kelly
Christopher Kellman and wife
Joseph Kernel's son
Henry Kemp
William Kemp
Martha Kemphill, servant
- Kenny
Mrs. Keppele
John Keppler, shoemaker
William Kennedy, labourer
John Kennon
Casper, Peter and Catharine
Kensinger
Thomas Kenrick, store-keeper
Elizabeth Kenton
John Kerbeck
William Kerls, porter
Adam Kerr's widow
Andrew Kerr, labourer
James Kerr's widow
Prude Kerr
Abigail Keller
Jacob Kessler's wife
John Kessler, hair-dresser
Leonard Kessler
Michael Kessler, ship-joiner
Lucy Keating
Christian Keyser, blacksmith
Daniel Keyser, labourer
Joseph Keyser, grocer
Jacob Kitchlien, butcher
George Kichn's daughter
Christian Kiegler
Thomas Kildrick
John Killgour
George Killinger
Peter Killinger
Philip Killinger, carpenter
Richard Killpatrick
Caleb Kimber, schoolmaster
Aaron Kimber, son of do.
Jacob Kimely
Wife of Casp. Kinck, shoemaker
Catharine King
Charles King
Elizabeth King, widow
-King
George King, coach-painter
Hugh King's two children
John King and child
Mary King
Joseph Kingsley
Margaret Kingsley
Ann Kinley
Joseph Kinnear's child
Christopher Kinness, tailor
Christopher Kinns, labourer
George Kinsinger and wife
Hannah Kinsinger 
-Kipsey, furrier
Mrs. Kirk and child
John Kirk, a lad
Thomas Kirk, baker
Catharine Kite
Elizabeth Kite
Jonathan Kite, chair maker,
wife and three children
Casper Kitts
Jacob Kitts, chandler, son and
cousin
Mrs. Kitts
Catharine Klady
Margaret Klady
Widow Klepper
Christian Klibsie, weaver and
child
Andrew Kline's wife
John Kline, labourer
Nicholas Klingeler, cooper
Mary Klingle
Charles Knight, biscuit-baker
Hannah Knight
John Knight, tailor
John Knight, sailor
Sarah Knight
Daniel Knodle
Elizabeth Knows, servant
Mary Knows
Adam Knox
Richard Knox's child
Mary Koan
George Kock, labourer, his
wife Catharine and son
John Kock 

(141)
Widow Kock
Joseph Kock
Widow Koenner
George Kor's child
Peter Krafter and daughter
Christop'r Kreyder, tobacconist
Wife of Geo.Kribbs, shoemaker
Susannah Kribner, Æt. 70
John Kriefle, cooper
John Kroll, hair-dresser
Joachim Krenaver, labourer
Henry Krotto's child
Catharine Krotten
Barbara Krunkofter
Abraham Krup, carpenter
John Kruteer
James Kubber
Christop'r Kucher, sugar-baker
Philip Kucher, his son
Bernard Kuffler
Wife of Frederick Kuhl
George Kuhn's wife
Jacob Kuhn's wife
John Kuhn's son
Ludwig Kuhn, clerk
Widow Kuhn
Jacob Kuncle's son
Martin Kernotler
George Kurtz
Daniel Kuren, labourer
John Lack's daughter
Lætitia - 
Daniel Lafferty and child, Ir.
Matthew Lafferty's child
John Lambsback, labourer
- Lammoron's child
Arch. Lamont's wife &children
Mrs. Lamont, child, and jour-
neyman
Elizabeth Lancaster
Wife and child of Joseph Lan-
caster, labourer, Eng.
Joseph Landre, labourer
Margaret Landress
Nancy Lane
Mrs. Lane
Margaret Lang
Edward Langman
Huson Langstroth, paper-maker
Jacob Lanteshlag
Andrew Lapp and wife
Laurence Lapp, baker
Michael Lapp, baker, and wife
James Lapsley, steward to the
British ambassador
— Lapsley's wife & daughter
— Lapsley, shoemaker
James Lapsley, schoolmaster,
and daughter Elizabeth
Patrick Larken, clerk
Ralph Larremore's wife
Mary Lasher 
Patrick Lasky
Fred. Lunderbruns, surg. barber
Jacob Louterman's wife & 2 sons
George Lautinshlager's sister
Jacob Laudersliver, shoemaker
Margaret Laudersliver
Frederic Lauman
Aaron S. Laurence, clerk, and
wife
Alex. Lawrence, sen. merchant
Alex. Lawrence, jun. merchant
Archibald Lawrence's child
Charles Lawrence
Cherry Lawrence's wife
Christopher Lawrence
Jacob Lawrence's two children
John Lawrence's wife
Joseph Laurence, apprentice
Rachel Lawrence
Sarah Lawrence
Thomas Lea, merchant
J. T. Lea, son of do.
Thomas Leach, cabinet-maker
Margaret Leake, mantua-maker
Widow Lear's child
John Lebering's wife
Paul Leek, labourer
Francis J. Lector
Ann Lee
George Lee, apprentice
Joseph Lee, wife, and son Geo,
Mary Lee
Thomas, son of Duncan Leech
George Lees, tailor, wife, three
children, and two other per-
sons (names unknown)
John Lees, tailor
Margaret Lees
Joseph Le Feore
William Lehman's wife
Doctor John Leibert, junior
Mic. Leibrand, breeches-maker
Matthias Leigh, labourer
Michael Leigh
Robert Leigh
John Leiphy's child
Andrew Leinaw, sadler
Samuel Leller
James Lenox, apprentice
Abner Leonard 

(142)
Sarah Leonard
Francis Lesher, coach maker
Francis Lesher, tavern-keeper,
and servant girl
Philip Lesher's wife
— Letzinger's wife
George Letzinger's wife
Andrew Letton, shoemaker
John Letton
Moses Levy's girl
Thomas Levy's wife
- Lewis's child
Catharine Lewis
Jonathan, son of Mordecai Lew-
is, merchant
Isaac Lewis, tailor, and wife
Lydia Lewis, widow
Maria Lewis, mulatto
Mary Lewis
Michael Lewis's son
William Lewis, hairdresser
George Lex, butcher
Jacob Lex's child
Widow Leybrandt
Christian Lickett
Robert Lidler
Peter Ligert
Samuel Lilly, sailor
John Limeburner's child
Mary Lindall
Ruth Lindill
Thomas Lindall, carter
Elizabeth Lindsay
Hester Lindsay
Mary Lindsay
Susannah Lindsay
Philip Linion, bottler
George Linkinson, labourer
Elizabeth Linkfelt
Margaret Linn, Scotland
Neal Linn
William Linnar, porter
Wm. Linton, wife and sister
Widow Lintz
Hannah Lisburn, widow
Miss-Lisler
James Lesper
Joseph Lispar
Catharine List
William Lethworth's child
John Littman, son, & daughter
Catharine Lloyd
Daniel Lloyd, apprentice
William Lloyd
Wood Lloyd, tilor
Mary Lobdell
Samuel Lobdell, carpenter
John Lob's child
Elizabeth Locke, widow
- Loeffler's wife
John Loh, and daughter
William Lohman, rope-maker
Wife of Peter Lohra, broker
Ralph Loimer, sailor
Patrick Lollar's boy
Herman Jos. Lombaert, mer.
Frederic Long
John Long, labourer, & son
Richard Long, apprentice
William Long, joiner
Joseph Lopez, servant to the
Spanish ambassador
Hannah Lorton, servant
Abraham Lott, merchant
-Louis, Fr.
Elizabeth Lovett
George Lovett's son
John Lowden, ferryman
Rebecca Lowden
Thomas Lowden's wife
James Lowne
Edward Lowder
Sarah Lowder
William Lowman
Agnes Lownes
Ed. Lowry, labourer, & wife
Hester Lucas
Christo. Luckarts, carter, & wife
John Martin Ludwig, butcher
Thomas Ludwig
Robert Lumsden, corder
George Luntz's daughter
Lewis H. Luring, wife, & child
Widow Luring
Jacob Lusely, labourer
Elizabeth Lushinger
William Lushworm, labourer
Catharine Lutz, Germ.
Christian Lutz's child
Ann Lyland
Benjamin Lyndall's child
John Lynn, physician, of N.Eng.
Mary Lynn
Mrs.-Lynn
Mary Lyons
Michael Lyons, sailor
Philip Maad, labourer
Jacob Macker's child
Peter Mack's Wife
John Maidscaw
Daniel M'Allister
James M'Allister, labourer
Alexander M'Alpin, carpenter
Walter M'Alpin, book-binder 

(143)
Daniel M'Arthur's child
Elizabeth M'Bay
Robert M'Bay
John M'Cabe, hairdresser
Alice M'Cabin's wife
Jenny M'Call
Daniel M'Calla's child
John M'Care
Archibald M'Carey
William M'Carty, soapboiler
David M'Crea
James M'Claskie
Widow M'Clatchee's 2 children
John M'Cleland
John M'Cleuane
Andrew M'Clure
Daniel M'Clia, rope-maker
Alexander M'Cord
Eugenia M'Cordy
Cornelius M'Cormick
Margaret, daughter of Henry
M'Cormick
Thomas M'Cormick, merchant
Archibald M'Cowen
John M'Coy
Ann Coy
Jonathan M'Cready
John M'Cready
James M'Creary
Margaret M'Crever
Catharine M'Croskie
Eleanor M'Croskie, widow
Elizabeth M'Cullen
Sarah M'Curdy
Deborah M'Curtain
Thomas M'Curtain, school-
master, and wife
James M'Cutcheon
Daniel M'Daniel
James M'Daniel, shoemaker
Daniel M'Darrel, aged 80
Martin M'Dermot, grocer
Ann M'Donald, a child
Alexander M'Donald, labourer
Child of Donald M'Donald,
painter
Elizabeth M'Donald
James M'Donald, shoemaker
John M'Donald, labourer
John M'Donald's child
Mary M'Donald
William M'Donald, hatter
Hugh M'Dougal, labourer
William M'Dougal, tobacconist
Mrs M'Dowel
Wm. M'Dowel, tavern-keeper
Wm. M'Dowel
Edw. M'Echan, bricklayer, Ir.
Wm. M'Elvee, labourer
John M'Ewing, stone- cutter
Enos M'Faden, labourer
James M'Faden's wife
Mary M'Faden
Ann M'Farben
Peter M'Garvey and wife
Edward M'Gechan
Helen M'Gechan and child
Margaret M'Gechan
Mary M'Gee
Edward M'Gill, drayman
Mary M'Gill,
Wm. M'Gill, school-master
Ann M'Ginley, housewife
Philip M'Ginnes's wife
John M'G lathery, a young man
Wm. M'Glochlin
Thomas M'Goldrick
John M'Gontis's child
John M'Gowan
Joseph M'Gowan, carpenter
Wm. M'Gowan
Barney M'Gran, labourer
Daniel M'Grath, porter
John M'Grath
Mich. M'Grath
James M'Graw
John M'Graw, sailor
Barney M'Green
-M'Griegle
Ann M'Gregor
John M'Gregor's child
Nancy M'Grotty
James M'Guillen
James M'Guire
Mary M'Guire, widow
Peter M'Guire
William M'Guire
John M'Hagan
John M'Illroy
Andrew M'Intire, joiner
Elizabeth M'Intosh
Laughlin M'Intosh
Edward M'Kegan
-M'Kerran, bricklayer
Anthony M'Kennely
Elizabeth M'Kenzie
Mary M'Kenzie, housewife
Murdock M'Kenzie
John M'Keon
William M'Key, apprentice
Daniel M'Kee, sailor
Margaret M'Kigham
Isaac M'Kinby
Hugh M'Kinley
Mrs. M'Kinley
Isaac M'Kinley, hatter 

(144)
John M'Knall
Alexander M'Lane
Daniel M'Lane
Jane M'Lane
—— M'Lane, a stranger
John M'Lane's wife and two
children
Roger M'Lane
William M'Lane, sailor
Ann M'Laughlin
Giles M'Laughlin
John M'Laughlin
John M'Laughlin's wife
John M'Laughlin, merchant
Margaret M'Laughlin & child
Patrick M'Laughlin's son
William M'Laughlin, labourer
Wm. M'Laughlin, shoemaker
Agnes M'Lean
Elizabeth M'Lane
Jane M'Lean
John M'Lean, inspector
Jofeph M'Lean, tailor
Martin M'Lean
Samuel M'Lean, shipwright
Archibald M'Leary, labourer
Joseph M'Lee
Mary M'Lenahan
Angus M'Leod's child
Daniel M'Leod's wife
Dougal M'Leod, labourer
John M'Leod
Malcolm M'Leod, labourer
Mary M'Leod
William M'Leod and daughter
Mary M'Linny
Hugh M'Mann
Philip M'Mannus, blacksmith
Ja's M'Manyman, nailor, & wife
Mary M'Manyman
John M'Manyman
Joseph M'Matlock, carpenter
Mary M'Michael, widow
Catharine M'Mullen
Neil M'Mullen
Francis M'Murren
John M'Nab, shipwright
John M'Nair, clerk
James M'Namara
Gordon M'Neal, sailor
John M'Neal, tailor
Mary M'Neal
John M'Near, apprentice
Felix M' Quid's. wife
James M'Quillon, labourer
Sarah M'Rain
Milby M'Raper
Hugh M'Swaine and wife
James Mabey
-Mack, labourer
Sarah Mack
Elizabeth Madan
John Madan, shoemaker
Patrick Madan's wife
Leonard Madelen
Benjamin Mager, apprentice
Helena Magenis
David Magner, carpenter
Michael Magraw, servant
Francis Major
John Maitland
John Maloney
Catharine, widow of capt. John
Molowney
John Mannefield, joiner
Mary Mannefield
Mrs. Mann
William Mann, tailor
Charles Manson
Peter Marclay, cooper
Susannah Mareday, widow
Philip Mareland
Francis Marey
Laurence Marey, perfumer
John Baptiste Maris
John Mark, shopkeeper
Peter Marker, butcher
John Maronee, apprentice
Capt. James Marsh and brother
Curtis Marshal
Francis Marshall, bricklayer
Joseph Marshall, shoemaker
Joseph Marson
Philip Martan
James Martin's son
John Martin, saddler
John Martin' s son
Sarah Martin, servant
Judah J Masara
Thomas Masara
Abraham C. Mason, merchant
Arabella Mason
John Mason
Joshua Mason, blacksmith
Margaret Mason, Æt. 80
Richard Mason, engine-maker
- Mass
Samuel Massey
Anne Mastett
J. Masters's wife and 3 children
John Mause's wife and child
Ed. Mathias, wife, & daughter
Elizabeth Maxfield
John Maxfield, labourer
Stephen Maxfield's wife
Margaret Maxwell 

(145)
Adam May's child
Capt. Mead's wife & daughter
Matthias Meeker, clerk 
Gotlieb Meineke, labourer
John Meminger
Gotlieb Menigung,rope-maker
John Mentz, a lad
Ludwig Meo, of Amsterdam
Mary Mercer, widow
Joseph Mercier, and wife Ann
John Merck, store-keeper
Peter Merckel, butcher
Evan Meredith's wife Susannah
Samuel Merian, merchant
Jos. Merson, bridle-bit-cutter
Peter Merson 
Miles Mervin, school-master, &
wife
John Mesner's wife
Barbara Mettelbury
Adam Meyers's daughter
Henry Meyers's apprentice
John Meyers's child
Peter Meyer, carter, and wife
Sebastian Meyer, baker
Thomas Meyer's wife, & daug.
Peter Miercken, sugar-refiner
- Miers, wife and servant
Sarah Middleton, sen. widow
Sarah Middleton, jun. spinster
Sarah Mifflin, }
Esther Mifflin, }
} children of
Charles
Thomas Miller's son Joseph
Andreas Miller's child
Anne Miller
Arthur Miller's child
Catharine Miller, widow
Charles Miller
Christian Miller, porter
Christo. Miller, brush maker
Dorothy Miller
George Miller, labourer
Hannah Miller
Henry Miller
Jas. Miller's wife & 2 children
John Miller and child
Captain John Miller's widow
John Miller, carpenter
John Miller, carter
John Miller, clerk
John Miller, labourer
Issac Miller, merchant
Margaret Miller
Mary Miller
Michael Miller, sen. shoemaker
Michael Miller's daughter
Richard Miller, student of law
Susannah Miller
Widow Miller
William Miller, shoe-maker
Wife and child of Mr. Miller,
rigger
Mary Millington
Philip Milligan's wife
Elizabeth Mills
Thomas Mills
Walter Mills, shoemaker
Edward Milner's wife & servant
Christian Minehart, sugar- baker
William Miner, servant
William Minor
Charles Minster, labourer
John Mintz
Elizabeth Miscamp
Elizabeth Mitchell
Jacob Mitchell's child
Mary Mitchell
Mary Mittinton
Veronia Mittman
Jacob Mirwan, and 3 children
William Modick's child
James Moffat, tailor
Rebecca Moffat
Rob't Moffat, waterman, wife
and child
Catharine Molliner
George Moir
James Mollineux, and daugh.
John Mollineux's 2 children
Francis Monday
John Monday
Mary Monday
Elizabeth Montgomery
Child of J. Montgomery,weaver
John Montgomery's 3 children
Dorothy Mood
Robert Moody, bricklayer
Mary Mooney
Ann Moore
Caroline, daug. of Tho. L. Moore
David Moore
Fanny Moore, servant, Germ.
George Moore
Maj. Jas. Moore, liv. stable-keeper
Jane Moore
John Moore, painter, and child
Samuel Moore, black smith
Thomas Moore's child
Widow Moore
Wm. Moore and two children
John Moore
Joseph Mordeck, labourer
Eleanor Morgan, washerwoman
Hannah Morgan
V

(146)
Jacob Morgan, merchant
John Morgan, jun.
John Morgan's child
Mary Morgan
Robert Morphet
Ann Morris
Anth. P. Morris,china-merchant
Brooke Morris
George Morris, gardener
John Morris, clerk
John Morris, physician, & wife
John Morris's child
Luke Morris, Æt. 87
Martha Morris
Mary Morris
Richard B. Morris
Samuel W. Morris, apprentice
Samuel Morris, cooper
William Morris
Alexander Morison, storekeeper
John Morrison, copper-smith
Wife and child of John Morri-
son, labourer
John Morrison's daughter
Isabella Morrison
Mary Morrison's child
- Morrison, labourer, Scotl.
Widow Morrison's child
William Morrison
John Morrow, jun. gunsmith
Mrs. -Morrow
Rosina Morrow
Alexander Mortimer, gardener
Deborah Morton
John Morton and apprentice
Christian Moser
Mary Moss
Marquis Monbrun
Philip Mountree, brewer
Wife of Nic. Muff, harnessmaker
Ann Mullen, mantua-maker
Catharine Mullen
Edward Mullen
James Mullen, hatter
James Mullen's wife
John Mullen, chairmaker
Mary Mullen
Michael Mullen's two children
Patrick Mullen
Robert Mullen, house-carpen-
ter, and apprentice
James Mullener, apprentice
Edmund Mullery, grocer
James Mumford, blacksmith
Major Henry Mumford
Rachel Mumford
Child of Rob. Murdoch, labourer
Sarah Murdoch
-Murley
Ann Murphy
John Murphy, black-smith
Mary Murphy
Michael Murphy's daughter
Richard Murphy
Susannah Murphy
Timothy Murphy
Margaret Murthwaite
Mary Murthwaite
Rev. Alexander Murray, D. D.
Eleanor Murray
James Murray, shoemaker, Ir,
Robert Murray's wife and child
Sarah Murray
William Murray
Mrs. - Musketts
Rebecca Musgrove
Widow Musterholt
Adam Myers, baker
Catharine Myers
Hannah Myers, servant
Margaret Myers
Henry Myers, hair-dresser
John Myers's child
Margaret Myers
Michael Myers
Michael Mynick
Sophia Mynick
Adam Myon, labourer
John Myrietta
Jac. Mytinger, tavern-keeper
and wife
Henry Nagle's mother-in-law
Mary Nagle
Hannah Nailor
John Nailor
Samuel Napp
William Nash, baker
Lewis Nass, blacksmith
- Navarre
Thomas Nave's wife
Thomas Near
Israel Nedham, skinner, Engl.
Robert Neeley, sailor
Tho. Neeves, carpenter, & wife
Margaret Neil
Wife and girl of Andrew Niel-
son, tavern-keeper
George Niess, shoemaker
Benedict Nesmos, son, & daugh
Elizabeth Neman
Thomas Nemerson
Timmons Nevil
Elizabeth New
Anthony Newingham 

(147)
Jonn Newling, a lad
Elizabeth Newman
Fred. Newman's wife & child
Susannah Newman
Forbes Newton's wife
Margaret Nibley
Magnus Nice, oyster-man
Martha Nichols, spinster, Æt. 70
Wm. Nichols, Æt. 73
Mary Nichols, wife of ditto
Wm. Nichols, wh. wright, & wife
Thomas Nicholson, joiner
John Nick
Augustus Niel
Jane, daughter of Wm. Niles
Elizabeth Noble
Catharine Nodler
Anthony Noll, ropemaker
Fred. Noltenius, school-master
Cathar. Norley, washer-woman
Joseph Norman's wife
Wife of Adam Norris, huckster
Abigail North
Colonel North's wife
Joseph North's child
George Norton's child
Sarah Norton, servant
Sarah Norton, widow
Francis Nugne
Wm. Nunn
Christiana Oatenheimer, Germ.
Peter Oatenheimer's wife, Ger.
Phil. Oatenheimer's wife,Germ.
Daniel Offley, anchor-smith
Bridget O'Bryant, Ir.
James O'Bryant, carpenter, Ir.
Dennis O'Connel
John O'Dare
John O'Donald
Mary O'Donald
-O'Dolph, a butcher
Charles Ogden's wife
Joseph Ogilby's wife
-Edward O'Hara, clerk
Elizabeth O'Hara, housewife
Thomas O'Hara, clerk
Ann Oiler, Æt. 77
Cornelius O'Leary
Humphrey O'Leary
Henry O'Niel, labourer, Ir
Catharine O'Niel
John Onger's wife
Edward Orange, blacksmith
Michael O'Rourke's wife
Robert Orr, Ir.
Wife of Nich. Otway, nailor, Ir.
John Osborn
Wm. Osborn, steward to the
President
Hannah Osgood
Sarah A. Otis
Thomas Owner, carpenter
George Pack
Hannah Packman
Wife of John Packworth, shoe-
maker, Eng.
-Page's child
William Paine
Jacob Painter, apprentice
Charles Palmer, house car- }
penter, and his two sisters, }
viz. Tacy Palmer, and }
Rebecca Palmer }
Aaron Palmer's child
Elihu Palmer's wife
Hannah, wife of Samuel Palmer
Penelope Palmer
Samuel Palmer, shipwright
Thomas Palmer, shipwright
Thomas Palmer's two chldren
Sarah Palling
Martha Pallock
William Parham's wife & child
Wm. Parhani, jun. carpenter
John Park
Ann Parker, servant
George Parker
John Parker, shoemaker
Jn. Parker, carpenter, & child,Ir.
Joseph Pilmore Parker
Mat. Parker, tailor, and wife
Wife of S. Parker, brass-founder
John Parkhill
Honora Parkinson
Eleanor Parks
James Park's wife
John Park's brother
Mary Parks
Wife of Matthias Parks, l. draper
Edward, and Isaac Parrish, jun.
sons of Isaac Parrish, hatter
John Partkill, whitesmith, Ir.
Daniel Parvin
Catharine Patch and child
John Patch
Andrew Patterson, carpenter
Edward Patterson
Richard Patterson
Sarah Patterson
Samuel Patterson's child
Jas. Pattison, student of physic
Robert Patton, bookbinder
George Paul, tailor
Peter Paul's son 

(148)
Robert Paul's wife
Sydney Paul, widow
John Pea
James Peale's two children
James Pearce
John Pearce
Jos. Pearson, heelmaker, & wife
Widow of Wm. Pearson
Sarah Pearce
Ann Peckworth
Andrew Peddock and daughter
Joseph Peddrick's son
Mary Peister
Vincent M. Pelosi, merchant
Samuel Pemberton and child
Doctor John Penington
Mary Penington, a child
Alexander Penman,coachmaker
Mary Penny
John Pennycook, apprentice
Amos Penquoite
Phœbe Penquoite
Jemima Penrose, servant
Hannah Penton
Issac Penton, farmer, and wife
Samuel Penn, baker
Joseph Fennel
Ann Pepper
Mary Pepper, layer-out of dead
Foulard Perdoe's daughter
Mary Perdue
Sarah Perkins
Mary Perry's child
Wm. Perry
-Perry, shoemaker, Ir.
Jac. Peters, baker, &wife Sarah
John Peters, sen. biscuit-baker
John Peters, junior, tutor
Philip Peters, distiller, & wife
Ruth Peters
Thomas Pew
Charlotte Pettit
Edward Peyton's wife
Stephen Peyton's child
Son of John Pheiffer, cooper
Wm. Phager, tailor
Dr. Fred. Phile, naval-officer
Jeremiah Philemon, barber
Widow Philemon
Andrew Philips's child
Geo. A. Philips, & son, merchants
— Philips
Mrs. Philips
Philip Phile, musician
John Physick, porter
James Pickering, shoemaker
James Pickering, tailor
James Pickering, store-keeper
Son of Timothy Pickering
Christian Pierce, cooper
James Pierce, coach-maker
John Pierce, ship-carpenter,
and wife
John Pierce's daughter Anne
- Piercy, potter
John Piercy, apprentice
Mary Piercy, apprentice
- Pierre, two of the same
name, bakers
Mary Pierson
Anne Pigot
Lewis Pignol, clerk
Benjamin Pike, and wife
James Pike
John Pilliger, cooper
Charles Pine, stocking weaver
Eleanor Piper
George Piper, tailor, and wife,
John Piper, cooper
Benjamin Pitfield
Anna Plaff
Jeremiah Plan
John Plankinhorn, labourer
Henry Plates, baker, Germ.
Jacob Plucker and child
Barbara Poagnet
Hen. Petterman's sister-in-law
Sarah Pollard
Catharine Poop, Germ.
Mary Poor
George Pope
Margaret Porkenbine, Eliza.
her daughter, and a child
Philip Port, labourer
Charles Porter
John Porter's son and daugh-
ter, and two servant girls
Rich. Porter, tallow-chandler
Thomas Porter, labourer
Andrew Pottenstein's wife
Mrs. - Potter
Edmond, son of Edmond Potter
May Potts
Benjamin Poultney, merchant,
wife and daughter
Elizabeth Pouse
Samuel Powel, speaker of the
senate, and servant
Francis Powers, labourer, Ger.
Isaac Powershon
Mr. Prifflet
-Pragers, merchant 

(149)
Henry Pratt's wife, and child
James Pratt's wife
Mary Pratt
John Preal
Barbara Preston, Germ.
Wife and 3 children of Wm.
Preston, brush-maker
John Price
Teney Price
Thomas Price
Robert Priestley, whitesmith
Susannah Prince, spinster
Stephen Prisling
Isabella Provost
Joseph Pruett, tailor
Thomas Pugh
Francis Pugsley
John Puracier
Mary Purde
George Purdy, tailor
Wm. Purvis's wife
Wm. Pusey's daughter Eliza.
Qua, a negro
Phillis Quando
Catharine Quigley
Ja's Quigly, carpenter, & child
John Quilman, servant
Gascoigne Raby and wife
Rachel, a black girl
Christian Bach's daughter
Geo. C. Reinholdt & daughter
John Rain's child
George Rainsford
Chriftopher Rakestraw
Sarah Rakestraw's child
Catharine Ralph's child
Wm. Ralston, merch. & son John
Mr. Ralston
Thomas Rambaut, carpenter
Child of Archibald Randall,
ship-carpenter
Thomas Randall's child
John Randolph, tobacconist
Ann Rankin
Elizabeth Rankin
John Rankin
Margaret Rankin
Hannah Rapp
Eliza Rarich, widow, and daugh-
ter Sarah
Sarah Razor, Æt. 22
John Ratler, porter
Elizabeth Rauch
Jacob Ravalie, labourer
John Reach's widow
John Ready
Michael Ready
Maria Read
John Reap, shoemaker
Jonathan Reas
Jacob Reckther, labourer
Sarah Reddick
Francis Redman's wife, and a
lodger, name unknown
Jacob Reece, jun.
Mary Reece
John Reedle, tailor, and daugh-
ter Sarah
Casper Reel, baker
Edward Rees, joiner
Jac. Rees's wife, daughter & son
Mr. Reffert's child
George Reh
Alexander Reid
Andrew Reid, bricklayer
Ann Reid
George Reid and wife
Henry Reid, merchant
James Reid, silk-dyer
James Reid, Æt. 75, and daugh-
ter Sarah
Margaret Reid
Mary Reid
Rebecca Reid, widow
Samuel Reid's wife
William Reid's child
John Reidy's child
James Reily, servant
Maria Reily
George Reigner, tobacconist
Widow Reigner, his mother
George Reily
John Reinick, brickmaker
John Reinick, baker
Lewis Reisele, butcher
George Reser
Nancy Reiter
Jacob Relchner
John Reller
Joannes Relwiez
Aselae Remer
Anthony Renard
Jane Renny
-Renvalt
Widow Resle
Christian Reting's child
Christian Rettig
Ludwig Reuth's wife
Adam Revely
George Rex
Christopher Rexrold, apprentice
James Reynolds's wife 

(150)
John Reynolds
Mary Reynolds
Joseph Ribaux's child
Catharine Rice
George Rice's child
John Rice, labourer
Lawrence Rice
William Rice
Charlotte Richards
Dan'l Richards, lumber merch't
Daniel Richards's son
Eliza Richards
John Richards
Mrs. - Richards
William Richards, butcher
Samuel Richards's wife
Steel Richards, shoemaker
Barbara Fuchardson, house-wife
Barnabas Fuchardson
Elizabeth Richard son
George Richardson's wife
John Richardson
Jofeph Richardson, jun.
Lucy Richardson
Rebecca Richardson
Thomas Richardson
William Richardson's child
George Richner, tobacconist
Gotlieb Richter, labourer
Jacob Richter
George Riddle
James Riddle and wife
John Ridge, jun.
Mary Ridge, milliner
John Ridgway
Frederic Reib, wheelwright
John Rieb
Leonard Riebsher's child
Casper Riehl, labourer
John Riehl's daughter
George Rise's child
George Riley, baker
Mary Riley
Jacob Rilt, shoemaker
John Rilvit, sawyer
Frederic Rine, labourer
James Ringland
George Rinhard
Conrad Rink, shoemaker
Elizabeth Riply
Mary Riply
Alexander Ritchie's wife
John Ritchie
Mary Ritchie
Mr.-Rutter's daughter
John Roach's wife & 2 children
Morris Roach, hosller
John Robeau
Jacob Roberdeau, printer
Robert ——, a sailor
Aaron Roberts
Ann Roberts
Charles Roberts
Mrs. — Roberts, house-wife
Oliver Roberts
Rebecca Roberts
Robert Roberts, late of Merion
Thomas Roberts, labourer
Thomas Roberts, silversmith
William Roberts
Joseph Robert son, carpenter
Lætitia,daughter of Dan.Robins
Susannah Robins
Abraham Robinson
James Robinson, carpenter, Ir.
James Robinson's child
Jane Robinson, widow
John Robinson, blacksmith
John C. Robinson's servant
Joseph Robinson
Judge Robinson's young man
Mary Robinson
Robert Robinson, shoemaker
Sarah Robinson
Thomas Robinson, weaver
William Robinson, bricklayer
-Rochbaud, Fr.
Mary Rock
Jacob Rodell
Elizabeth Roderfield, widow
Philip Roderfield
Nicholas Roderwalter's daugh.
Sarah Rodman, of R. Island
Benjamin Rogers's child
Gilbert Rogers, and child
John Rogers, corder
Margaret Rogers
Hannah, wife of the rev. Wil-
liam Rogers
John Rohr's daughter
John Roman, currier
Elizabeth Roney, servant
Magdalen Roone
Sufannah Roring
Hugh Ross, blacksmith, wife,
and son
John Ross
Wm. Rost, shoemaker
Mary Rotherwalter
Jacob Rix Rott, a lad
Rosina Rott, a servant
Henry Rouris's daughter
Elizabeth Roush
James Rowan, store-keeper

(151)
John Rowe, carpenter
John Rowe
Barbara Ruber
Catharine Ruckhard
John Rudolph
John Rugan's daughter
John Rugers
Frederic Ruhl's son
George Ruhl's son
John Ruleford, labourer
Jacob Rump's child
Rofina Runkel
Leonard Rush, shoemaker
Mary Rush, widow
Wm. Ruth's child
Thomas Russel, sailor
Leonard Rust, tailor
Wm. Rutherford
Jacob Rutter
Margaret Rutter
Samuel Rutter's 2 children
Lucy Ryan
Mr.- Ryan
Saberne, Fr.
5 Sailors, (names unknown)
Abraham Salter
Isaac Samms
Sampson -a negro man
Mary Sampson
John Sanders, button-maker
Sarah, a young woman
John Sattersfield's wife
Elizabeth Saub
Frederic Sauber
-Saubier's wife
Robert Saubiers, blacksmith
Ph. Sauerman, shoemaker, & wife
Jacob Sawyer, baker
Wife & daughter of dr. Benj. Say
Leonard Sayer's wife
Matthias Saylor, painter, wife,
and sister
John Scantling, porter
Jonathan Scantling
Mary Schaff
Adam Schaffer, labourer
George Schaffer, cooper
Jacob Schaffer
Widow Scheiffells
Chriftiana Schieff's girl
George Schmidt
George Schmidt's child
Henry Schmidt, and wife
John Schmidt
Margaret Schmidt
George Schneider, carpenter
John Schreier, and wife
Frederic Schreiner's daughter
John Schreminger
Ann Schrider
John Schrieck
John Schrier, shoemaker, & wife
Martin Schrier
Thomas Schriever, blacksmith
John Schultz, labourer
John Schwaab, shoemaker
Lawrence Schwaab, shoemaker
Adam Schwaadt
Captain Schwartz, a Dane
Elizabeth Sclader
Aaron Scott
Andrew Scott
Ann Scott
Benjamin Scott
Henry Scott, labourer, & wife
John Scott, tailor, and wife
Margaret Scott
Mary Scott
-Scott, clerk
Joseph Scull
Frederick Seaford, joiner
Francis Seamore
Christo. Search, wheelwright
Jacob Sears, blacksmith, & child
David Seaven
Martin Seebole, school-master
Paul us Seegist, weaver
Henry Seen's child
Jacob Seger, baker
Jacob Seiffer's daughter
- Sein's wife
Michael Seip, tailor
Widow Seitz's daughter
James Sekwire
Jacob Seller, tailor, and wife
Joseph, Wm. & Susanna,sons &
daughter of Wm. Sellers,
printer
Wife of Hen. Semler, shoemaker
Jona. D. Sergeant, attorney
- Sergeois
Francis Serres, stay-maker, Fr.
Wife of Benja. Servant, sailor
7 Servants, (names unknown)
Isabella Service
Ann Sewell
Catharine Sexton
Conrard Seybert's wife
Chriftiana Seyfert
Elizabeth Shabby, widow
Widow Shaff's child
Adam Shaffer, porter
Barny Shaffer's child
Francis Shaffner's wife 

(152)
John Shakespeare
Martha Shakespeare
Stephen Shakespeare, weaver
Dorothy Shall
Bernard Shamo's wife
James Shankling
Henry Shara
Anthony Sharp, tailor
John Sharp's child
John Sharp, and daughter
Nehemiah Sharp, tailor
Mr.-Shaeslocker
Henry Shaw, and wife
Henry Shaw, ware-house man
Henry Shawster's daughter
Henrick Shear, tailor
Elizabeth Shearman
John Shearwood
Daniel Sheegan
Henry Sheerer
Win. Sheets, labourer
Adam Shellbecker, shoemaker
Frederic Sheller, blacksmith
Jacob Sheniger
George Shepherd
Jacob Shepherd's child
Robert Shepherd, shop-keeper
Wilhelmina, daughter of Wm.
Shepherd
John Sherb, baker
Elizabeth Sherman
Abraham Sheridan's child
Wm. Sheridan, & daughter
John Sherwood, carpenter, and
wife
Sallows Shewell's wife
Juliana Shewelly widow
Christian Shembler's wife
James Shillingsford
Richard Shilly, hatter
Jacob Shiney
Margaret Shingle
Amos Shingleton
Bernard Shiphar's wife
Wm. Shipley, grazier
Rebecca Shipping
John Shippey, musician, and
child
Matthias Shiltz's sister
Frederic Shneider, stone-cutter,
and son
Elizabeth Shocker
Geopge Shocker, and child
Jacob Shocker, labourer
Matthias Shocker, & mother
Amos Shoemaker
Jonathan Shoemaker, cabinet-
maker
Joseph Shoemaker
Mary Shoemaker
Michael Shoemaker, livery-
stabler
Samuel Shoemaker, jun. car-
penter, from Cheltenham
Henry Sheffield
Adam Shordy
-Shore, widow
Christopher Short
Mrs.-Short
Matthew Short's child
Henry Shreader
Martin Shriar
John Shriber, butcher
Thomas Shriber
Henry Shrider, baker & wife
Jacob Shrince, comb-maker
Chrstopher Shriner, tutor, and
wife Elizabeth
Jacob Shriner,
Jacob Shriner, jun. skinner
Nicholas Shriner, skinner
Philip Shrite, stocking-weaver
Elizabeth Shubart
Jacob Shubart, blacksmith
Jacob Shubert, labourer
Michael Shubart, distiller, son,
and daughter
Sarah Shubart
Widow Shuber
John Shute, baker
George Sibbald's child
Baptiste Sicard
Sarah Sickel
Catharine Sickson
Adam Sifert
Casper Silver, wheelwright, and
wife
Joseph Silves
Mrs.- Simmonds
John Simmonds's child
Wife of John Simmonds, tailor
John Simpson
Mary Simpson, widow
Samuel Simpson
John Sims
Wooddrop Sims, merchant
Elizabeth Singer, widow
Thomas Singleton's child
George Sink's child
John Siper
Charles Sitz and servant girl
Elizabeth Sitz 

(153)
Henry Skeffold, apprentice
Richard Skelly
Rachel Skinner, and daughter
Mary
David Slack
Miss Slack
William Slade, store-keeper
Abraham Slater, currier, Eng.
Gotlieb Slater's child
Henrietta Slater
Michael Sleesman's servant-man
Frederick Slicker
Widow Slint's son
Andrew Smith, labourer
Ann Smith
Barbara Smith
Benjamin Smith, merchant, of
Burlington
Catharine Smith
Charles Smith's child
Conrad Smith, farmer, Germ.
Dr. Smith's wife
Elizabeth Smith
George Smith, potter, & child
Wife of Henry Smith,carpenter
Henry Smith, labourer, & wife
James L. Smith, factor of cards
James Smith, merchant
James Smith
Jane Smith and child
Jesse Smith and child
John Smith, sen. merchant, his
son John, & daughter Sarah
John Smith, chair-maker
John Smith, cabinet-maker
John Smith, labourer, and child
John Smith, shoemaker
Lewis Smith
Margaret Smith, house-wife
Mary Smith
Matthew Smith, painter
Nathan Smith's son
Rebecca Smith
Tho's Smith, commiss'r of loans
Thomas Smith, bricklayer, Ir.
Widow Smith
William Smith
Child of Wm. Smith, sea-captain
Charles Smithfield, tutor
John Smithson, Ir.
George Snellbecker
James Snouder
Leonard Snouder's mother
Anna Maria Snyder
Anthony Snyder and son
Charles Snyder's wife
Christian Snyder, farmer
Gulfer Snyder
Frederic Snyder, serjeant at
arms to the senate of Penn-
sylvania, and his, son George
George Snyder, baker
Philip Snyder, coachmaker
Henry Soden
Guatavus Soderstrom,sea-captain
Ann Solander
John Sommervell, weaver, Ir.
John and Isabella Sommerwell,
children of John Sommerwell,
cabinet-maker
Elizabeth Sooks
Philip Sorter
Robert Sorter
Robert Sowerbee, blacksmith
Philip Sowerman and wife
John Spalder, plasterer
Widow Spatzen
Townsend Speakman, apothe-
cary
George Speel's daughter
Henry Speel, baker, wife, ser-
vant man, and woman
Widow Speel
Widow Speers
Eve Spence, servant
George Spigle's wife
Charles Spinley
Sophia Spitzburgh
Sophia Splitspike
Margaret Spotts, Germ.
Rev. James Sproat, D. D.
Major Sproat and wife
Nancy Sproat
York Sprogel
Andrew Sprowl
Margaret Sprowl
Hester Squirnel, Æt. 82
Richard Stack, bricklayer
Peter Stackard's wife
Benjamin Stackhouse
Susannah Stackhouse
Thomas Stackhouse
Hannah Staggs
Joanna, wife of John Stair
John Stall, student of medicine
Joseph Stanbury's son
William Stancape
Lucas Stanch
James Stanford, shoemaker
William Stanker, tailor
Margaret, wife of Laurence
Stantz
X 

(154)
George Star and child
Rachel, Lydia, and Sarah,
daughters of James Starr,
shoemaker
William Starkley, labourer,
wife, and child
William Starrat
Frederic William Starman,
merchant, and apprentice
William Starton, hatter
William St. Clair
James Steel
John Steel, carpenter, and two
children
John Steel, tavernkeeper
—Steel, cooper, wife, father,
and daughter
Mary Steel
Stephen Steel's child
Widow Steel's daughter
William Steel, shoemaker
Fred. Steelman, tailor, & wife
William Stein, clerk
James Steiner, storekeeper
Nicholas Steiner, labourer
Casper Steinmetz
John Steinmetz, cooper, and
Mary, his mother
Peter Stenhyster, last-maker
Andrew Stenton, a child
Daniel Stephens, servant, Ir.
Fanny Stephens
John Stephens, sadler
Mrs. Stephens and daughter
Ashfield Stephenson
James Stephenson
John Stephenson
Mrs. Stephenson's daughter
Catharine Sternkarl, serv't, Ger.
David Stewart, clerk
James Stewart
John Stewart's daughter
Isaac Stewart
Samuel Stewart, tailor
William Stewart, bookbinder,
Edinburgh
Wife of Henry Stiles, merchant
William Stiles, jun. merchant
William Stiles, sen stonecutter,
wife, and son William, Eng.
Isaac Still, tailor
Mary Still, servant
John Stillas, watchmaker
George Stiller, shoemaker
John Stillie, watchman
John Stillwaggon, hatter
Isaac Stine's child
Captain Sting
James Stinton, servant
Laurence Stintz's widow
William Stirrets, blacksmith
Geo. Stocks, hair-dresser, & child 
John Stocks, jun.
-Stocker's child
Ebenezer Stokes, silver-smith,
Eng.
Elizabeth Stokes, widow
George Stokes and wife
James Stokes's son
John Stokes, bottler
Richard Stokes's child
John Stoltz, baker
William Stone, merchant
Luke Storch
Jonathan Stormitz
James Stinsen, servant, Ir.
Ebenezer Stotts, apprentice 
Catharine Stouble
Peter Steinhauser, servant
George Stow, turner
Hannah Stow
John Stow's widow
Peter Stoy's daughter
John Stranger 
Hannah Stratton, a child
John Stratton, labourer
Peter Streecheiser
James Stretcher's wife and child
John Strieker, clerk
- Stritten, lace-weaver
Paul Stromfeltz, mealman, and
wife, Germ.
Captain Strong's daughter
Lætitia Stroud's child
William Stroud, plasterer
Child of mr. Strutton, rigger
Andrew Stuart's child
Adam Stubert, clerk
George Stubert, apprentice
Hester Stubert, spinster 
Jacob Stubert, labourer
Daniel Stubbs, carter
Peter Stuckard, carpenter, wife
and child
William Stutt, cooper, and wife
Martha Stutzer
Anthony Suay
Christian Sulger, baker
David Sullivan, storekeeper
Laura Sullivan
Catharine Summers
Edward Summers 

(155)
Elizabeth Summers
-Summers, a young
man, from Carolina
Francis Summers
Peter Summers, wife and three
children
Jacob Sunnock, labourer, Ger.
John Sunnocks, trunk-maker
and apprentice
Simon Sunnock's wife
Susannah Supple
Charles Surtz, currier, and
child
John Sutherland, merchant
Emon Sutt, keeper of a board-
ing house
Mary Sutton
Samuel Swaine 
William Swaine
Mrs. Swaine
Laurence Swall's wife
Joseph Swanson's wife
John Swariwick, ship-carpenter
Margaret Swanwick
Christiana Swartz, and two chil-
dren
George Swartz, carpenter
Peter Swartz's son
Ann Sweeny
Edward Sweeny, labourer, and
child, Ir.
John Sweeny's child
Morgan Sweeny, wife, and child
Jacob Swin
Mary Swin
Hugh Swine and wife
John Swoope
Penelope Sword
Edward Swordan
George Sydes
Elizabeth Sykes
Mary Sykes, Æt. 15
John Syler
Casper Sylvius, wheelwright
Widow Sylvius
Charles Syng, weigh-master
and wife
Mr. Tacker
David Taggart, carpenter
Sarah Taggart
Thomas Taggart
William Taggart
Elizabeth Tennenberg, sen.
Elizabeth Tannenberg, jun.
Sarah Tarcen
Robert Tate, merchant, Scot.
Joseph Tatem, tailor
Eleanor Taye
Hannah Taye
Abigail Taylor, widow
Elizabeth Taylor and child
George Taylor
Isaac Tavlor, ironseller, wife
and sister Sarah
Margaret Taylor, servant
Richard Taylor's child
Robert Taylor's wife and child
Robert Taylor, clerk
Samuel Taylor, brush-maker,
and his daughter Mary
Temperance Taylor
Thomas Taylor
Thomas Taylor's child
William Taylor's wife
-Teeny, a young man
John Teim, hair-dresser
A. Teissler
William Teirnan
Andrew Ten-Eyck
Helen Terence
Henry Test, hatter
John Teteres
William Tharp, merchant
John Thatcher's child
Benjamin Thaw, jun.
Maria Thaw
Enoch Thomas, bricklayer, and
three children
Hannah Thomas
James Thomas, ship-carpenter
John Thomas, tailor
John Thomas, clerk
Lewis Thomas, carter, & wife
Margaret Thomas
Mary Thomas
Richard Thomas, brass-founder
and wife
Rich'd Thomas, labouror, & wife
Robert Thomas's wife
Zachariah Thomas
Adam Thompson, a young lad
Elizabeth Thompson
Jacob Thompson's child
John Thompson's wife
John Thompson, labourer
Sarah Thompson
Thomas Thompson's daughter
Jane, and son John
Andrew Thomson, blacksmith
David Thomson, shoemaker
Wife of James Thomson, inn-
keeper, at the Indian Queen 

(156)
Margaret Thomson, Ir.
Mary Thomson
Peter Thomson, sen. scrivener
Zaccheus Thorn, hatter, & wife
Thomas Thornelly, jun.
Wife of John Thornhill, shoe-
maker
Jos. Thornhill, house-carpenter
Nicholas Thornman's child
George Thornton, currier
Mary Thornton
Jacob Thumb, plumber,and Su-
sannah, his daughter
John Thumb's child
Jacob Tice
Paul Tiegitz
Jacob Till
Frederick Tillman, tailor
Dean Timmons, tavern-keeper
William Timmons, apprentice
Timothy, a black man
Richard Tinker, drayman
Richard Tittermary's wife
Jacob Titty
Elizabeth Titwood
Peter Tobo
Jacob Tobyn's wife
John Todd, sen. teacher, and
wife
John Todd,jun. attorney at law
George Togle, shoemaker
Ann Tollman
Tom, a negro
Jacob Tomkins, jun. merchant
Bartholomew Tool, storekeeper
Charlotte Tool
Thomas Topliff, grocer
-Tourette, Fr.
John Town
Mary Town
Richard Town
Henry Townsend, a child
Thomas Townsend, Æt. 69
Peter Trabar
Nancy Tracy
Nelly Trades
Walter Traquair, stone-cutter
Elizabeth Traveller
Henry Traveller, blacksmith
Frederick Traven, labourer
Elizabeth Traverse
Martha Tress
Michael Trinker's man-servant
Fred. Trott's daughter Mary
Daniel Trotter's child
William Trotter's wife
Wm. Truckenmiller, tobacconist
Richard Truss, joiner
Ann Truster
Richard Truster
Jacob Tryon, tinman
Arabella Tudor 
Major Tudor's two daughters
Sarah Tureau
Mary Turner
Peter Turner
William Turner, baker
Anthony Turret
Elizabeth Tyson
William Ubert
Jacob Udree, tavern-keeper
Christian Uhler
Jacob Ultree, merchant
Henry Unis
Peter Uttenberger
George Utts, labourer, & wife
-Uvis 
Child of William Valentine
Matthew Vandegrift
John Vanderslyce's boy
Ferdinand Vandigla, shoemaker
John Vanduser, blacksmith, &
child
Adam Vanhorne, tailor 
Jere. Vanhorne, board-merch't
Mr. -Vanier's child
Hannah Vanludner
Sarah Vanse
Wm. Vannemond's child
Mr. -Vansickle
James Vanuxem's child
Captain Van Voorhis's child
Andrew Vanweller's wife
John Vanummell
Adam Vass's two children
Elizabeth Vass
Captain John Vehall
Jane Vent
Conrad Verglass, tailor
John B. Vernies 
Mary Vessie
Laurence Vest's wife
John Vettar
Peter Vickar
Elizabeth Vickerly
Lætitia Vickey, mantua-maker
Phi. Vidsell, bandbox-maker,
and wife
Charlotte Viempft
Matthew Viempft
Henry Vierheller, sawyer, and
child 

(157)
Mrs. -Villet
Christian Villiporey's son
Jacob Vinckler's wife
Violet, a black girl
Fred. Vogel's wife and daughter
Gotlieb Vogel's daughter
Jacob Volker
Catharine Vonweiller
Elizabeth Wack
Godfrey Wacksel
G. Wachsmuth's maid
James Waddle
Thomas Wade
Catharine Wadman
William Wager
Ann Wagner
Christopher Wagner, tailor
John Wagner
Widow Wagner
Peter Wagner's wife, & sister
Abraham Walders, gunsmith,
and child
Andrew Waldrick's child
John Wales, and wife
Andrew Walker's son
Alexander Walker, and son
Edward Walker, merchant, of
Birmingham
Emanuel Walker, merchant,
wife, and son John
James Walker, a child
Matthew Walker, clerk
Ralph Walker's wife
Richard Walker, labourer
Robert Walker
Samuel Walker's wife Eliza.
William Walker
William Wall, servant
Robert Wallace, jun.
John Wallis, hatter
Rebecca Wallis
Richard Waln's child
Aaron Walton
Abraham Walton, blacksmith
Captain Walters and daughter
Catharine Walters, and child
Charles Walters, labourer
George Walters, wife & daugh.
Jacob Walters, a child
Jacob Walters's wife
Jeremiah Walters, mason
Peter Walters, shoemaker
Mary Walton
Samuel Walton's daugh. Sarah
Poblick Calv. Wanescan
George War's son
Valentine War, chair-maker
Jeremiah Ward
Benjamin Ware, turner
Wm. Waring, mathematician
John Warmington
Teny Warn
Alice, wife of Swen Warner
Ephraim Warner, apprentice
Hezekiah Warner
Jane Warner, widow
John Warner, clerk
Mary Warner
Magdalene Warner
Wm. Warnick's wife & child
Wm. Warnick, jun.
John Warren
Isaac Warren, lawyer, & wife,
and son
Wm. Warren, blacksmith, and
child
Wm. Warren, sailor
Michael Wartman
Warner Washington, student
of medicine
Christopher Wassom, watch-
man, and child Elizabeth
Widow Wassom's daughter
James Watkins, joiner
Benjamin Watson
Wife, and child of Charles C.
Watson, tailor
Elizabeth Watson
Mary Watson
Rob't Watson, labourer, & son
Wife of Samuel Watson, cop-
persmith
Thomas Waiters' daughter
Ignatius Watteman's wife
John Watters's child
Wife of Nathan'l Waters,hatter
Beulah Watters
Margaret Watts
James Watts
Henry Wayland, weaver
Jane Wayland
Henry Wealler
Sam'l Weatherby, corder, & wife
Thomas Weatherby }
Samuel Weatherby }
Jofeph Weatherby }
Benja. Weatherby }
} sons of ditto
Adam Weaver, brick-maker
Andrew Weaver, tailor
George Weaver, and daughter 

(158)
Jacob Weaver, and 2 children
Wife of John Weaver, painter
Nathaniel Weaver
Widow Weaver, and child
Eleanor Webb
Elizabeth Webb, widow
Simon Webb, whitesmith
Solomon Webb
Pelatiah Webster's wife
Elijah Weed, and daughter
Edward Weir, book-binder
Charles Weiss
George Weiss, tailor
Lewis Weiss's son
John Weissman, blacksmith
J. Weissman, chocolate-maker
Philip Weissman, ditto
Catharine Weissman
John Wells, and wife
Henry Welch's child
James Welch, servant
John Welch's child
Mary Welsh
Michael Welsh, labourer, Ir.
Miles Welsh's daughter
Peter Welsh
Samuel Welsh
Tho's Welsh, tailor, wife &child
Thomas Welsh
George West, house carpenter
John West, chair maker
John West, apprentice
Lydia West
Margaret West
William West, bookbinder
William West's wife and son
Henry Westler, hair-dresser,
and two children
Adam Wetterstein, butcher
John Wetterstein, skin-dresser
George Weybel baker, and wife
George Weyman and child
Aaron Wharton, tallow chandler
John Wharton
Mary Wharton
Peregrine Wharton ,h. carpenter
Nathan Wheeler and wife
Elizabeth Wheir
Robert Wily
Edward White, labourer
Hugh White
Jacob White, apprentice
James White
James White's wife
John White
Maria White
Martha White
Matthew White
Solomon White's daughter
Charles Whitehead's child
James Whitehall's wife Mary
Joseph Whitehead, clerk, and
child, Eng.
Daniel Whitely's child
Caspar Whiteman
Catharine Whiteman
Jane Whiteoak, Æt. 65
Hannah Whitesides
Wm. Whitesides, tea-merchant
John Whitman
Laurence Whitman's child
George Wibble, baker, and wife
Jacob Wickers, ferryman
Abigail Wickham's child 
Jeremiah Wieser, drayman
Michael Widner, tailor
George Wier
John Wigdon, school-master,
wife and child
Samuel Wigford, hatter
Ann Wight
William Wild 
Abel Wiley's wife
John Wiley, shoemaker, & sister
Ann Wiley
John Wilkins
Mary Wilkins
James Wilkinson, Ir.
Roderick Wilkinson
Catharine Will, servant
Charles Williams, grazier
Elizabeth Williams
James Williams, tailor
John Williams and wife
John Willams's child
John Williams, coachman
Mary, widow of Jos. Williams 
Thomas Williams, mariner
Widow Williams
Jeremiah Williamson, sailor
Margaret Williamson 
Violet Williamson
Mary Willing
Hugh Wills
Ann Wilson
Charles Wilson, clerk
Elizabeth Wilson
James Wilson, ferryman
James Wilson 

(159)
Jenny Wilson
John Wilson, h. carpenter
John Wilson, sailor
John Wilson, wheelwright
John Wilson, bricklayer
Capt. John Wilson
Joseph Wilson's child
McCalla Wilson
Mrs. Wilson, school-mistress
Richard Wilson, shoemaker
Roderic Wilson, sailor
Wife of Wm. Wilson, stationer
William Wilson's child
William Wilson, sailor
Dorothy Wiltberger
Wife and child of Alexander
Windsey, sailor
Rev. John Winkhause & child
JohnLudwig Winkler, labourer
Mary Winkler
-Winne, coachmaker
Child of Jac. Winnemore, grocer
Frederick Winter, sailor
Wife of Jacob Winter, ship-
carpenter
Margaret Winser
Alexander Winthrop's wife
Daniel Wife, tailor
Hannah, wife of Thos. Wife
Widow Wiseman
Benjamin Wistar
John Witman
Peter Wittess's son
Christo'r Woelpert's daughter
Elizabeth Wolf, widow
Mary Wolf
Elizabeth Wollard, servant
Andrew Wood, currier
Catharine Wood
Cornelius Wood's wife
Elizabeth Wood
Francis Wood's child
G. Wood's daughter Rebecca
John Wood, watch-maker
John Wood, coach-man
Jona. Wood, carter, and wife
Isaac Wood's child
Leighton Wood's wife
Mary Wood
Thomas Wood, shoemaker
William Wood
Washington, son of William
Woodhouse, printer
Joseph Woodman
Margaret Woodward
Christian Wool, tailor
James Worstall, sto
Hannah Wrap
Jacob Wright, chairmaker
Jane Wright
Jos. Wright, painter, & wife
Mary Ann Wright
Susannah Wright
Richard Wright's daughter
Catharine Wrightner
Sarah Wrinkle
Henry Wurstler, hair-dresser,
and child
Widow Wurstler and child
Widow Wyand's child
Child of Wm. Wyat, labourer
George Wyner, shoemaker
and two children
Thomas Wyner
William Wynn
John Yates, servant
Mary Yates, widow
Catharine Yeiger
Margaret Yeoman
George Yopes, apprentice
Michael Yopes, ditto
Nelly Yorks
Phebe York
John Youch, grocer
Catharine Young
Elizabeth Young
George Young's daughter
Jacob Young's son
Daughter and son-in-law of Ja-
cob Young, tailor
Jacob Young, shoemaker
James Young and apprentice
Margaret Young
Mary Young
Michael Young and wife
Nich. Young, labourer, & wife
Plumber Young
Agnes, wife of William Young,
printer
William Young, apprentice
Christopher Youst's wife
Rebecca Youst
Andrew Ysenhood's 2 children
Jane Zagey
Wm. Zane's wife
Mary Zeutler
John Geo. Zeysinger, printer
Wm. Zill
Tobias Zink's wife
Philip Zwoller 

(160)
CONTENTS.
State of Philadelphia previous to the appearance
e malignant fever—with a few observations on
ne of the probable consequences of that calamity. 9
Chap. II. Symptoms. A slight sketch of the mode of treat-
ment. 13
Chap. 111. First alarm in Philadelphia. Flight of the
citizens. Guardians of the poor borne down with labour. 16
Chap. IV. General despondency. Deplorable scenes.
Frightful view of human nature. A noble and exhila-
rating contrast. 21
Chap. V. Distress increases. Benevolent citizens invited
to assist the guardians of the poor. Ten volunteers. Ap-
pointment of the committee for relief of the sick. State
of Philadelphia, 28
Chap. VI. Magnanimous often Wretched state of Bush-
hill. Order introduced there. 31
Chap. VII. Proceedings of the committee. Loans from
the bank of North America. Establishment of an or-
phan house. Relief of the poor. Appointment of the
Assistant committee. 35
Chap. VIII. Repeated addresses from the committee on
the purification of houses—Assistant committee under-
take to inspect infected houses personally—Extinction
of the disorder—Governor's proclamation—Address of
the clergy. A new and happy state of affairs. 39
Chap. IX. Extravagant letters from Philadelphia. Credulity
put to the test. 45
Chap. X. Proceedings at Chestertown. At New York. At
Trenton. At Lamberton. 47
Chap. XI. Proceedings at Havre de Grace. At Hagers-
town. At Alexandria. At Winchester. At Boston. At
Newbury port. In Rhode Island. At Newbern. At Charles-
ton. In Georgia.—Fasting and prayer. 53
Chap. XII. Conflict between the law of self-preservation
and the law of charity. The law of charity victorious, 58
Chap. XIII. Disorder fatal to the doctors. To the clergy.
To filles de joie. To maid servants. To the poor ; and in
close streets. Less destructive to the French ; and to the
negroes. 60
Chap. XIV. State of the weather. Attempt to refute the
opinion that cold and rain extinguished the disorder. 64
Chap. XV. Origin of the disorder. 67
Chap. XVI. Desultory facts' and reflexions. A collection
of scraps. 70
Chap. XVII. Another collection of scraps. 82
Account of the plague in London 96
Account of the plague in Marseilles 106
List of burials 113
Meteorological observations 118
List of the names of the dead 121