Tuefday, June 20. 1665. 
At a Meeting of the Council of the 
Royal Society. 
Ordered3 
T Hat the Obfervations upon the 
Bills of Mortality by Mr. Job* 
Graunt be Printed by John Martin and 
James Jllejlry3 Printers to the TtyyJ 
Society. 
BRUNCKER Pre( Natural and Political 
OBSERVATIONS 
Mentioned in a following INDEX, 
O 
and made upon the 
r *> 
Bills of Mortality J 
BY 
CaptJOHN G%JUN7, 
Fellow of the Rojal Society. 
With reference to the Government, T^eli* 
gion,Trade, Growth, Air, Difeafes, and the 
fevcral Changes of the faid CITY. 
- Notty we ut miretur Turba, laboro9 
Contents pave is Leftoribus. — 
The Fourth Impreifion. 
OXFORD> 
1 tinted by William Daily for John Martyn3 
and James Jllejlryy Printers to the 
Royal Societyy MDCLXV, TO THE 
Right honoup^able 
John Lord Roberts, 
of Truro, Lord Prhy Seal> and 
one of His Ma jetties mod Honourable 
Frwy Council, 
My Lord, 
the favours I have re- 
-if t a 
pte ceived rromyour Lord- 
A n • it. 1 
g|| |||| fhip, oblige me to pre- 
ent y°u fome to- 
W>f j^en q£ my gratitude: fo 
the efpecial Honour I have for your 
Lordfhip hath made me folhcitous in 
the choice of the P re Cent. For, if 
I could have given your Lordfhip 
any choice Excerptions out of the 
Greeks or Latine Learning, I fhould 
(according to oux.EnghJh Pror* The Epi file Dedicatory. 
Verb) thereby but carry Coals to New- 
cajlle , and but give your Lordfhip 
Puddle-water, who, by your own emi- 
nent Knowledge in thofe learned Lan-? 
guages, can drink out of the very Foun- 
tains your felf. 
Moreover, to prefent your Lordfhip 
with tedious Narrations, were but to 
fpeak lily own Ignorance of the Value, 
which his Majelly, and the Publick, 
have of your Lordfhip’s Time. And in 
brief, to offer any thing like what is al- 
ready in other Books, were but to de- 
rogate from your Lordfhips learning, 
which the world knows to be univer- 
fal and unacquainted with few ufeful 
things concerned in any of them. 
Now I know not what acci- 
dent) engaged my thoughts upon the The Epillle Dedicatory. 
'Bills of M ortality3 and fo far fucceeded 
to have reduced feveral great 
Confufed Volumes into a few perspicu- 
ous Tables, and abridged fuch Gbf?rVa- 
fions as naturally flowed from them* 
into a few fuccintt Paragraphs 3 without 
any long Series of multiloepnous Dedu- 
ctions 3I have prefumed to Sacrifice theie 
my Smalls but firft publish’d Labours 
unto your Lordfhip3 as unto whofe be- 
nign acceptance of Some other of my 
Papers., even the birth of thefe is due; 
hoping (’if I may without vanity fay it) 
they may be of as much ufe to perfons 
m your Lordfhips place5 as they are of 
little or none to me5 which is no more 
than the faired Diamonds are to the 
Journeymen Jueller that works 
poor Labourer that firft dig d them The Efijlle Dedicatory' 
from the Earth. For with all humble 
fubmiffion to your Lordfhip I con- 
ceive3 That it doth not ill becom a Peer 
of the Parliament Member of bis Maje- 
flie's Council3to confider how few ftarve 
of the many thatbeg.That the irreligi- 
ous Propofals of multiply peo- 
ple by Polygamy 3 is withal irrational, 
and fruitless: That the troublefome 
feclufions in the Plague-time 3 is not a 
remedy to be purchafed at vaft incon- 
veniencies: That the greateft Plagues 
of the City are and quickly 
repaired from the Country : That the 
wafting of Males by Wars and Colonies 
do not prejudice the due proportion 
between them and Females: That the 
opinions of Plagues accompanying the 
Entrance of Kings3 is falfe., and fediti- The Epifle Dedicatory. 
°US; That London0 the Metropolis of 
Englands is perhaps a Head too big for 
the Body,and poflibly too ftrong: That 
this Head grows three times as fall as 
the body unto which it belongs; that is, 
It doubles its People in a third pgrt of 
the time : That our Parijhes are now 
grown madly difproportionable: That 
oux Temples are not futable to our religi- 
on : That the Trade jk very City of Lon- 
don removes WejlwardiThat the walled 
City is but a fifth of the whole Pyle: 
That the old Streets are unfit for the 
prefent frequency of Coaches : That 
the paffage of Lud«ate is a throat too 
freight for the Body: That the fight- 
ing men about London are able to make 
three as great Armies as can be of ufe 
hi this Ifland: That the number of The Epijlle Dedicatory. 
Heads is fuch* as hath certainly much 
deceived fome of our Semtours in their 
appointments of Poll-mony, 6tc. Now, 
although your Lordfhip’s rnoft ex- 
cellent Difcourfes have well informed 
me* That your Lordfhip is no ftranger 
to thefe Pofitions ; yet becaufe I knew 
not* that your Lordfhip had ever 
deduced them from the Bills of Mor- 
tality * I hoped it might not be un- 
grateful to your Lordfhip* to fee unto 
how much profit that one Talent 
might be improved* befides the many 
curiofities concerning the waxing 
and waning of Difeafes * the relation 
between healthful and fruitful Seafons, 
the difference between the City and 
the Country dire, &c. All which 
being new* to the beft of my know- The Efiflle Dedicatory. 
ledge, and the whole Pamphlet not 
two hours reading, I did make bold 
to trouble your Lord{hip with a per- 
ufal of it, and by this humble Dedi- 
cation of it, let your Lordfhip and 
the world fee the W ifdom of our City, 
in appointing and keeping of thefe Ac- 
compts, and with how much affecti- 
on and fuccefs, I am, 
My Lordy 
Birchen-lane, 
$5 January 
166}. 
2 our Lordjhifs mojl obedienty 
(ind mojl faithful Servant; 
JOHN GRAUNT. To the Honourable 
$'ROBERT MORAT, Knight, 
One of His Majeftie’s Privy Coun- 
cil for His Kingdome of Scotland, 
and Prefident ot the Royal Society 
of Philofothers meeting at Grejham- 
College, and to the reft of that Ho- 
nourable Society. 
§|£!iES|| H E Oh f Nations which I hap- 
ff T** || pened to make [ for I dejigned 
KISS them not) upon the Bills of 
Mortality have fallen out to he both Poli- 
tical and Natural concerning Trade 
and Governments others concerning the 
Countries, Seatons, Fruitfulnefs^ The Epiftle Dedicatory^ 
Healthy Difcafcs3 Longevity 3 and the 
f between the Sex and Ages of 
Mankind. JU which [becaufe Sir Fran- 
cis Bacon reckons His Difcourfes oflAk 
and Death to be Natural Hiftory • and 
becavfe I underf and your felves are alfo 
appointing how to measure the De* 
grees of Heat> Wetnef r3 and IVindinefs lit 
the federal Parts of His MajeJlie’s Domi- 
nions) I am humbly bold to think. Natural 
Hiftory 3 alf ? and conf °ogucntly that I am 
obliged to cajlin this fmall Mite into your 
great T reafury of that find. 
His Majejiy being not only by antient 
T{ight Jupreamly concerned in matters of 
Government and Tradebut alfoby 
happy accident Prince of 
and fl/Phyfico-Mathematical Learnings 
Mot called jo by flatterers and Parajites9 The Epiftle Dedicatory. 
but really fo as well as by his own perfmal 
Abilities} as Ajfeflion concerning thofe 
matters • upon which account I fhould 
have humbly dedicated both fnts of my 
Obferva dons unto His moft Sacred Ma- 
Jejly : but to be Jhort y I kjiew neither my 
Work nor my Perf on ft to bear His Name 3 
nor to def ?rVe His Patronage. NeVerthe- 
lefs, as I have prefumed to present this 
Pamphlet^/) far as it relates to Govern- 
ment and Trade j to one of His Majefies 
Peers 3 and eminent Mmifers of State : fo 
Ido defire your leave to prefent the fame 
unto Tou alfo 5 as it relates to Natural 
Hiftory, and as it depends upon the Ma- 
thema ticks of my Shop-Anthmetick, F or 
You are not only His Majejiie’s Privy 
Council for Philofophy 3 but alf i His 
Great Council, l ou are the three Hfatesa The Epiftle Dedicatory." 
viz. the Mathematical, Mechanical, 
and Phyfical. You are His ‘Parliament of 
Nature and it is no lefs difparagement 
to the meanejl of your number3 to fay there 
may he Commoners as well as Peers in 
Philofophy among& you. For my own 
fart, I count it happinefs enough to my 
felf that there is fuch a Council of Na- 
ture,, as your Society is 3 in Being; and 
I do with as much earnejlnefs inquire af~l 
ter your Expeditions avainf the Impe- 
diments of Science., as to know what Ar- 
mies and Navies the federal Princes of 
the Wor Id are fettmg forth. I concern my 
felf as much to know who are Curatours 
of this or the other Experiments 3 as to 
how who are Marefchals ofEranees 
Chancellor of Sweden. I am as well 
f leafed to hear you are fatisfed in a lu- The Epiftle Dedicatory^ 
ciferous Experiment, as that a breach hath 
been made m the Enemies Works : and 
your ingenious arguwgs immediately from 
jenfe,and fatl, are as pleafant to me as 
thenoije of 'Victorious Guns and Trum- 
pets. 
Moreover 5 as I contend for the De- 
cent Bights and Ceremonies of the 
Church , fo I alf ) contend againfl the 
envious Schifmaticks of your Society 
(who thinf you do nothing unlefs you 
prefently tranfmute Metals, make Butter 
and Cheefe without Milk,*, [d* their 
own Ballad hath it ) make leather with- 
out Hides ) by averting the uf efulnefs of 
even all your preparatory and luciferous 
Experiments , being not the Ceremonies, 
but the Jub(lance and principles of uf ful 
Jrts, Vor, Ifind in Trade the want of The Epiflle Dedicatory? 
tin uniVerJal meajure3 and have heard Mu* 
fitians wrangle about the jufl and uniform 
keeping of time in their Con forts3 and there- 
fire cannot with patience hear3 that your La- 
bours conducing 
to both Jbould be flighted3 nor your Pendula 
cailed Swing-fwangs with Jcorn. Nor can 
•Tbetter endure that your Exercitations about 
Air Jhou/d be termed fit employment only 
fir Airy and not adequate Tashy 
fir the moji J olid and piercing heads. This 
is my Opinion concerning you : and although 
l am-none of your number, nor have the 
Lajl ambition to be f o3 etherwif ? then to 
become able foryour JerVice5 and worthy of 
y°ur trufi * yet 1 am covetous to haVc the 
nght of being reprefimted by you : to which 
end I defire that this little Exhibition of 
wine may be look upon m a Free-holder V The Epiflle Dedicatory* 
Vote for thechoofing of Knights and Bur- 
geffes to jit in the Parliament of Nature, 
meaning thereby that ds the Parliament 
owns a Free-holder 3 though he hath but 
fourty jhillings a year3 to be one of them ; 
fo in the fame manner and degree, I alfo 
defire to be owned as one of you, and that 
no longer than 1 continue a faithful Friend 
and Servant of your dejignes and Per- 
fins. 
J. Gr. A N 
INDEX 
the Pofitions ObferVations 5 and 
Quejhons contained in this Dif- 
courfe. 
*’ #'T"AH E Occafton of keeping the Accompt of Bu- 
A rialsarofefirji from the Plague, Amo 1592, 
p. 2. 
2* Seven Alterations, and Augmentations to the pub- 
lifhed Bills, between the years 1592, and 1652. 
p. 7. to 19 
Reafom why the Accompts of Burials and Chriften- 
ln& (ho*ld be kept univerfall'f, and now called for, 
ai*4 perufed bj the Magijirate, p. 21♦ 
true Accompt of the Plague cannot be kfpt with- 
°ut the Accompt of other Difeafes, P*22 
The Ignorance of the Searchers no impediment The Index. 
to the beefing of fufficient and ufefull Accompti, 
p. 2$ 
6. that about one third of all that were ever quicf die 
under five years old. and about thirty fix per Centutf 
under fix, P'21? 
7. That two parts of nine die of Acute, and fcventy of 
two hundred twenty nine of Chronical Difeafes, anl 
four of two hundred twenty nine of outward Griers') 
p.28,2? 
8. A Table of the Proportions dying of the ntoft 
notorious 3 and formidable Difeafes, or CafualtieSj 
P-31' 
9. That fevenper Centum die of Age, p.32 
10. Thatfome Difeafes, and Cafualtie* a cor 
jlant fome other are very irregular 
P-33* 
11. That not above one in four thoufand are Starved) 
p.34 
12. That it were better to maintain all Beggars at the 
public f Charge, though earning nothing 5 then to let 
them beg about the Streets 5 and that employing thet* 
Without difcretion} may do more harm than good, 
P-35)^ 
15. That not one in two thoufand are 
London; with the reafons thereof \ p.3? The Index. 
14. That not on: in fifteen hundred dies Lunatickj 
n.d.O 
*5. That fiw of thofe who die of the French-Pox, 
are fet d,wn, but coloured under the Confumpti- 
tion> P*44;4*> 
*6. That the Rjckets if a new Dijeafe, both as to nmiy 
and thing j that from fourteen dying thereof,4,0,1634 
it hath gradually encreafed to above five hundred, 
An. 1660. p.j(6547 
,7< That there is another new Difeafe appearings as 
AS opping-of the Stomach, which hath encreafed 
ln twenty years, from fix, to near three hundred 
P- 50 
That the Riftng of the Lights, ( fuppofed in tnoji 
Cafes to be the Fits of the Mother) have alfo en- 
creafed in thirty years, from fourty four , to two 
hundred fourty nine, p.51,52 
*9* That both the Stopping of the Stomach, and Ri- 
hng of the Light?, are probably Keliques of or depen- 
ding upon the Rickets, p.5 4 
2°- That the Stone decreafes and is wearing away, 
P-5.5- 
R The Gout (lands at a fay, P-5^ 
22* The Scurvie encreafes P*5^ 
T.he ‘Deaths byreafon of Agues , are to ikof? The Index. 
caufed by Feavers, as one to fourty. ibid* 
2*. Abortive?, Stilborn, to tbofe that are Chri' 
ftened , are as one to twenty, p.<,1 
25* That fince the differences in Religion, theChti' 
ftenings have been neglected half in half\ ibid' 
2 6. Whatnot one Woman in a hundred dies in Child' 
bed , nor one of two hundred in her Labour 
ibid' 
27. 'three Keafonswhy the Regiftring of Children hath 
beennegletted, , p.^ 
28- there was a confufion in theAccompts of Chryfom*) 
Infants and Convulfions5 but rettifyed in this Vi\' 
courfe, p, 5? 
29. There hath been i« London, within this Age} fort 
times of great Mortality, viz. Anno 1592, 16P3> 
1625, and 1636. whereof that of 1603. was thl 
greateji, p.64 
30. Annis 1603, and 1625, about a fifth part of tht 
whole died3 and eight times more than were borfy 
p .6*) 
31. that a fourth part more die of the Plague than at1 
fetdown, p.<0 
32. the Plague Anno 1603 lafied eight years, that 
1639. twelve year s3 but that in 1625. continued bw 
one ftngleyear, p.yol The Index, 
Si* that Alterations in the Air do incomparably mm 
operate as to the Plague , than the Contagion of 
Converfe, ibid. 
?4* that Purples, Small-Pox, and other malignant 
fore-run the Plague, p.71. 
35* A difpofithn in the Air towards the Plague doth 
alfodifpofe Women to Abortions, p.74 
36. that as about one fifth part of the whole people 
died in the great PJague-jtears, fa two other fifth parts 
firdt ibid, which (hews the large relation,and mttreft, 
which the Londoners have in the Country, ibid* 
37* That (he the Plague groat (nr fmall) $he City k 
fully re-peopled within two years, p.7 5 
3S. Xfojwr*, 1618,20,23,24, 32,33,34a 
52j 54j 56, 58, and 6 it were fuffy years, 
39. 2he more fickly the year is, the lefs fertile of 
Births, lbid# 
4°- That Plagues alwaies come in with Kings Reigns 
is mofi falfe, p„ So 
4 •» The Autumn, or the Fall, is the nt&fi tmhealthful 
feafen, ibid. 
42. lhat in London there have been twelve Bunak for 
eleven Chrejinings, p»8l 
43* That in the Country there have been, contrary 
wife, fixty three Chrijinings far fifty Wo Bit* 
rials, The Index, 
44* A fupp9ftion}tkat the people in and about London, 
are a fifieemh part of the people of all England and 
Wales, ibid. 
45* That there are about fx Millions and an half of 
people in England and Wale?, p.84 
46. "That the people in the Country double by Frocrea~ 
tion but in typo hundred and eighty years, and in 
London in about feventy, as hereafter will be jhewni 
the reafon whereof is, that many of the Breeders 
leave and that the Breeders of Lon- 
don come from all parts of the Country, fvch perfons 
breeding in the Country alniod only as were born there 
but in London multitudes of others. p.85 
47* That about 6000 per Annum come up to London 
out of the Country, p g^ 
48. That in London about three die yearly out of ele- 
ven Families, ptg7 
49. There are about twenty five Millions of Acres of 
Land in England, and Wales, • p4 gg 
50. Why the Proportion of -Breeders in London 
to the reji of the people, is lefs than in the Conn- 
xrh Ibid. 
5I- dhat in London are more impediments of Bree- 
ding, than inths Country, p 
52. That there are fourteen Males for thirteen Fe- The IndexI 
males in London, and in the Country hut fifteen 
Males for fourteen Females, P*93 
53 - Polygamy life left to the multiplication of Man- 
kind, without Gaft rations, P-95 
54. Why Sheep, and Oxen out-breed Foxe3, and 0* 
ther Vermin-Animals, p.<?6 
55 • There being fourteen Males to thirteen Females, 
and Males being prolifique forty years, and Female* 
but twenty five, it follows that in effect there be 560 
Males to 12 5 Females, , p* 9$ 
• The faid inequality is reduced by the latter mar- 
riage of the Males and either imployment iflWars, 
Seaevoy.iges and Colonies, P- 99* 
57* Phyutians have two Women Patients to one Mans 
and yet more Men die than Women, ibid. 
58. the great emijjion of Males into the Wars 
out of London Anno 164.2 was injlantly [up- 
plyed} ' ibid. 
5p. Cajlration is not vfed only to meliorate the 
fiefh of Eatable Animals, but to promote their in- 
creafe alfo> p. 102 
60. The true ratio formalis of the evil of Adulteries 
and Fornications, P>103 
61 • Where Poligamy is allowed, Wives, can be no 
other than Servants, p. 104 The Index, 
$2' *fht ninety [even, and fixteen Parijhes oftot> 
don are in twenty years encreafed from [even to 
twelve and in forty years from twenty three to fifty 
two p. 116 
$3. the fixteen Parijhes have encreafed farther then 
the ninety [even, the one having encreafed hut from 
nine to ten in the faid forty years, p. 158 
64,The4en0uUPari(bes have in fifty four years encrea- 
fed from one to four, p. 111 
£5. The nintyfeaven} fixteen and ten Parijhes have in 
fifty four years encreafed from two to five, ibid 
66• What great Houfes within the Walts have been 
turned into Tenements, ibid* 
67. Gripplc-Gate-Parifh hath moji increafed, 8cc. 
ibict 
68. The City removes Weftwards , with the reafom 
thereof p. H2 
69. Why Ludgate is become too narrow a throat for 
the City, p.114 
jo, that there be fome Parijhes in London two hundred 
times as big as others, P* 115 
ji. The natural bignefs and Figure of a Church for 
the Keformed Religion, p. 116 
72. The City o/London and Suburbs, being equally 
divided, would make 100 Parijhes, about the 
ibid. The Index* 
krgfwe/* o/Chrift-Church, BlackFriers or Cole* 
tnanftreet. ibid, 
73- There are about 24000 Teeming Women in the 
ninety feven, fixteen, and ten Farijhes in and about 
London, p.i2i 
74, That about three die yearly out of eleven Families 
containing each eight perfons ibid. 
75. There are about 12000 Families within the walls 
of London, p.124 
7 6. The houfing of thefixteen and ten Suburb-Parifhes 
is thrice as big as that of the ninety feven Farijhes 
within the Walls, ibid. 
77- The number of fouls in the ninety feven, fixteen, 
and ten out-PariJhes is about 584000 ibid. 
78. Whereof 199000 are Males, and 185000 Fe* 
males, ibid. 
79. A Table jhewing of ioo. how ma- 
ny die within fix years, how many the next DecadJ 
and fofor every Decad till 76. p. 12$ 
80. Tables, whereby may be colleUed how many there he 
in London of every Age Affigttd, p. 126. 
8i* That there be in the 97,16, and ten Farijhes near 
' 7 00001 ighting Men, that it, Men between the Ages9 
of 16) and 56, ibid* The Index. . 
82. 7hat Weftminfler, Lambeth, Iflington, Hackney, 
Redriff, Stepney, Newington, contain as many 
people as the 97 Parijh'es within the Walls, and are 
consequently \ of the whole Pile, ibid. 
83. So that in and about London are about 81000 
Fighting nten, and 460000 in all, p.I27 
84. Adirn and Evein %6to years might have by the 
ordinary proportion of Procreation, begotten more 
children then are now probably upon the face of the 
Earth, p.128 
85. Wherefore the World cannot be older than the Scrip* 
tares reprefem it, ibid. 
86. ’that every Wedding one with another produces four 
Children, • p. 129 
87. that in feveral places the proportion betwee n the 
Males and Females differ, ibid* 
88* that in ninety years there were jujt as many Males 
as Females Buried within a certain great PariJh in 
the Country. p.130 
89. 'that a Parifh confiding of about 2700 Inhabi- 
tants,had in 90 years but 105 9 more Chriftnings 
than Burials, ibid. 
po. There come yearly to dwell at London about 6000 
Jbrangers out of the Countrey, which fwells the Bur ials 
about 200 pet Annum, p. 13 2 The Index'.' 
91* In the Country there have been five Chriftnings for 
four Burials, ibid* 
92. A Confirmation, that the w#/i healthful years are 
themoji fruitful P* *35 
93* The proportion between the greateft and leaft 
mortalities, the Country are greater than the fame 
in the C ity, P#I37 
94. Ihe Country Me more capable of good, and bad 
impreJJionSj than that of the Citty, ibid* 
95* The difference alfo of Births are greater in the 
Country then at London. p.139 
96- In the Country but about one of fifty dies yearly, 
at London one of thirty, over and above the 
Plague p. 141 
97* London not fo healthful now as heretofore, p.142 
98. It is doubted whether encreafe of people or the burn- 
ing ofSe&-coa\werethe caufe or both, ibid-. 
99* The Art of makjng of Gold would be neither benefit 
to the TForld or the Art iff p. 145 
100. ’the Elements of true Folicy are to under(land 
throughly the Lands and Hands of any Country, p.247 
ion Vpon what confederations the value of 
Lands doth depend, P* 148 
102. And in what the Accidental, ibid* The Iiidex. 
itoj Some of the few benefits of having a true Acompt 
of the People, ibid. 
J04. 7hat but afmallpart of the whole people are im- 
ployed upon neceffary affaires, P*i$o 
105. That a true Accompt of the People is neceffary 
for the Government and Trade of them, and for 
their peace and plenty, ibid,, 
106. Whether this Accompt ought to be confined to the 
Chief Governours. * p* 15 2 THE 
PREFACE 
Jj*#### Aving- been born, and bred 
y h 5 in the City of London 3 and 
$$$$$ having always obferved; 
that mod of them .>who con- 
ftantly took in the weekly Bills of 
tality, made little other ufe of them than 
to look at the foot3 how the Burials in- 
creafed or decreafed; and among the Ca- 
fualties3 what had happened rare., and 
extraordinary in the week current: fo as 
they might take the fame as a Text to 
talk upon in the next Company ; and withal, in the Planie-tme * how the 
J Ci , 
Sickjiefss' increafed* or decreafed* that fo 
the T(ich might judg of the neceffity of 
their removal * and Trades-men might 
conjecture what doings they were 
like to have in their refpeftive deal- 
ings : 
2. Now, I thought that the Wifdom 
‘of our City had certainly defigned the 
laudable practice of taking* and diftribu- 
ting thefe Accompts* for other*and grea- 
ter ufes* than thofe above-mentioned* or 
at lead* that fome other ufes might be 
made of them : and thereupon I carting 
mine eye upon fo many of the General 
Bills 3% s next came to hand* I found en- 
couragement from them* to. look out all 
fhz Bills, I could* and (to befhort) to 
arnifh my felf with as much matter of that kind, even as the Hall of the Parijb- 
Claris could afford me; the which 
when I had reduced into Tables (the 
Copies whereof are here infer ted) fo as 
to have a view of the whole together, 
in order to the more ready comparing of 
one Tear, Panjh, or other Divi- 
fion of the City, with another, in refpedt 
of all the Burials, and Cbrifininvs, and of 
all the Difeafes, and CaJ happen- 
ing in each of them refpeCtively ; I did 
t-hen begin not only to examine the Con- 
conceits, Opinions, and Conjectures, 
which upon view of a few fcattered Bills 
I had taken up; but didalfo admit new 
ones, as I found reafon, and occafion 
from my Tables. 
3. Moreover, finding feme Truths} 
and not commonly-believed; 0pini-J oils3 to arife from my Meditations upon 
thefe neglected Papers, I proceeded fur- 
ther j to confider what benefit the know- 
ledg of the fame would bring to the 
World; that I might not engage my felf 
in idle 8c ufelefs Speculations: but,, (like 
thofe noble Virtuofi of Gre(bam-Colle(re, 
who reduce their fubtile Difquifitions 
upon Nature into downright Mechanical 
ufes) prefent the World with fome real 
Fruit from thofe ayrie Blodoms. 
4.How far I have fucceeded in the Pre- 
miQes,,1 now offer to the World’s cen- 
fure. Who I hope,, will not expert from 
me., not profeffing Letters,, things de- 
nionftrated with the fame certainty,, 
wherewith Learned men determine in 
their Scbdes; bnt will take it well, that I 
(hould offer at anew things and could forbear prefuming to meddle where any 
of the Learned Pens have ever touched 
before, and that I have taken the pains, 
and been at the charge of fetting out 
thofe Tables, whereby all men may both 
correct my Portions, and raife others of 
their own. For herein I have like a filly 
Schole-boy coming to fay my Leffon to 
the World (that Peevifh, and Teechie 
Mailer ) brought a bundle of Rods, 
wherewith to be whipped for every mi- 
flake I have commited. 
CHAP. I. 
Of the Bills of Mortality, their beginning, 
and progrefs. 
THe firft of the continued weekly 
Bills of Mortality extant at the 
Parilb-Clerks Hall, begins the twenty ninth of Decemb. 1603 being the firft year 
of King James his Reign • fmce when a 
weekly Accompt hath been kept there 
of Burials and Cbrijtmngf, It is 
were Bills the years 159 zy 
-9 -94: bat fo interupted fmce 3 that I 
could not depend upon the fufficiency of 
them* rather relying upon thofe Ac- 
comptSj which have been kept fmce in 
order, as to all the ufes I fhall make of 
them. A 
2.1 believe that the rife of keeping thefe 
Accompts was taken fom for 
the faid Bills ( for ought appears) firfl; 
began in the faid year 1592„ being a time 
of greztMortahtj* arid after feme dif-ufe., 
were refumed again in the year 1603 .,after 
the greatPlague then happening lxkewife/ 
3, Thefe Bills were Printed, and publifhed , not onely every week on 
Thursdays, but alfo a general Accompt 
of the whole Year was given in upon the 
Thursday before Chrijlmas-day : which 
faid general Accompts have been prefen- 
ted in the feveral manners following,'viz,. 
from the Year 1603, to the Year 1624, 
incluftve, according to the Pattern here 
infer ted. 
1623 
1624 
The general Bill For the whole Year3 of 
all the Burials3 and ChriJhiingSjas well 
within the City of London 5 and tlie 
Liberties thereof, as in the Nine out- 
Parifhes adjoyningto the City3 with 
the Pejl-boufe belonging to the fame : 
from Thursday the of December 
1623 to Tbufday the i6[h/>f December 
1624. according to the Report made to the King s mod excellent Majeily 
by the Company of the Parijb-Clerkj 
of London, 
*nilried this Year in the fourfeore and feventeen 
of London within the Walls, 
Whereof, of the Plague. — i. 
Buried thisYear in the fixteen Parifhes of London,' 
and the Peft-houfe, being within the Liberries 
and withour the Walls, 
59M- 
be whole fumm of all the Burials in London, and1 
the Liberties thereof, is this Year, _ 
Whereof, of the Plague, 5. 
Whereof, of the Plague, — 6. 
9?io. 
Buried of the Plague without the Liberties in' 
YAiddlf/sx , and Surrey this whole Year, — 
o. 
Chriftcned in London , and the Liberties thereof," 
this Year, — —— . 
6 $69. 
Buried this Year in the Nine our.Parifhes ad ' 
joyning to London, and out of the Freedom, . 
2900. 
Whereof, of the blague— — 5. 
The Total of all rheBjrisIsin the places afore faid is 12210. 
Whereof of the Plague, 11. 
Chriftened in all the aforefaid places this Year, —8299. 
Parifhes clear of the Plague, ■ — — i|5. 
yari/hej that have been Infc&cd this Year, - 6, 
4. In the Year 1625 every Parifh was 
particularized;, as in this following Bill: 
where‘note j that this next year of Plague 
caufed the Augmentation, and Corre- ftion of the Bills • as the former year of 
Plague did the very being of them* 
1624. 
i625> 
A General* or Great Bill for this Year, 
of the whole number 
have been buried of all Difeafes* and 
alfo of the Plague in every Parifh 
within the City of London,and the Li- 
berties thereof; as alfo in the nine out- 
Parifhes adjoyning to the faid City • 
with thePeft-houfe belonging to the 
fame : from Tburfday the i6ch day of 
December, 1624.ro Tburfday the 15th 
day of December 1625. according to 
the Report made to the King’s molt 
Excellent Majetty by the Company 
of Parijh-Clerkf of London. 
LONDON. 
Bar. Plaf, 
8 8 78 LONDON, 
Bur 
vu 
Alhallows Brcadftreec -■■ —- 
3* 
14 
Alhallows the Great 
44- 
%°* 
Alhallows Hony Lane —. 
if 
8 
Alhallows t he lcfs 
—25^ 
'-of 
Alhallows in Lombard ftrcct 
—'— —- 86 
44 
Alhallows Staining* — - 
182 138 
Alhallows the Wall 
301 
M5 
St. Alphage Cripple gate 
- -245)190 
St. Andrew Hubbard 
■— • ■■ 14.6 iot 
St. Andrews Underfhaft 
— 215 
.»4* 
St. Andrews by Wardrobe — 
— 37319* 
St. Anns at Alderfgate 
.196 
12® 
St. Anns Black-Friers — 
Zlj 
Sr. Antholins Parifh — 
—.6^ 
3* 
St. Auftins Parifh - — - 
71 
4® 
St. Bartholmew at the Exchange — 
52 
24 
St. Bennets Fink - 
- -108 
$7 
St. Bennets Grace-Church 
48 
14 
St. Bennets at Pauls Wharf -— 
226 
1 3 * 
St. Bennets Shearhog 
"— 24 
8 
St. Botolphs BilingS'gate — ■ ■ — 
* 95 
66 
Chrifts-Church Parifh —- 
— 6 u 
>7 * 
St. Chriftophers Parifh — 
48 
28 
St. Clements by Eaftcheap — 
- -87 
7j 
St. Dionys Back-Church ——* 
■—- 
5* 
€t. Dunfians in the Eaft 
'—335 
22^ 
St. Edmunds Lumbardftrcet - — 
78 
4 9 
Sr. Ethelborow in Bifhops gate 
* 20< 
iot 
—8C 
45 
St. Foftersin Fofler-lane - - 
•"—149 
1 oi 
Sr. Gabriel Fen Church ■■ 
—— ’ 7) 
5 4 
5t. Georges Botolphs-lane 
—T- >3c 
19 
St. Gregories by St. Pauls — ■ ■ 
’ ■ ■ *296 
96 
St. Hellens in Bifhops gate ftreet 
— —136 
7* 
8r. James by Garlick-hith — 
— 180 
i°9 
79 
of, John Dspnii 1 1 "* 
* 12, 
Sr. John Evangclift 
7 
0 
St John Zacharies — 
Ms 
97 
Sc. James Dukes place — — 
«—31c 
'54 
«Sc. Katharine Colcmanftrcct — — 
—2 6 
t7* LOUDON. 
t«r. 
?Ut 
St Kathsrine Cree-Church. •— — 
—186 
373 
- —■ 91 
53 
127 
25 
>> 
109 
»5 
St* Magnus Parifh by the Bridge — — 
■St. Margarets Lorhbury ■ ■ 
— —m 
Ij4 
64 
"" 37 
25 
8* 
St. Margarets Patrons ■- - 
~ 71? 
So 
58 
9 8 
7 9 
St, Mary l<* Bow —« 
’ 7 2 
54 
- 35 
*9 
St. Marv CoaJ-r.hnrrh - - — 
22 
14 
2*0 
11 
84 
152 
58 
j / u 
St. Mary Scainmgi , n 
—— 7^ 
IP2 
St. Marv Woolchnrrh _ 
*0 
44 
St. Mary q- 
35 
50 
Sr Marrins Frnnmnrvn-r.i--^. 
18 
St. Martins at Ludgatc __ 
— +-• 254 
164. 
St. Martins Orgars . 
— 88 
47 
St. Martins in rhi* Vmrry 
■ 6u 
3° 
208 
St. Matthew Friday.ftrefr 
339 
11 
St. Maudlins in M:llr ftrect - . 
*4 
23 
St. Michael RaFItfhaw , , , — _ 
—-• 22S 
I4X 
'39 
St. Michael Crooked Jane - 
' 15 9 
79 
144. 
•—1——• 215 
91 
1S7 
St. Michael in the Quern —— 
— ■ S3 
30 
61 
68 
44 
St. Mirhafl jn the Royal 
St. Michael in Wood-ftr^t 
St. Mildreds Bred rtreec' 
60 
—- 33 
U LONDON 
Bur. Plug 
St. Nicholas Coal-Abby • 
a7 
67 
St. Nicholas Olaves 
7o 
4? 
5c Olaves in Hart-ftreet * 
266 
l9<> 
Sc. Olaves m the Jewry 
43 
26 
5r. Olaves in Silver-ftreet 
— 174 
jo3 
St. Paocras by Soper-lane 
17 
8 
jr. peters in Cheap 
—— 60 
4* 
St. Peters in Corn-hill - 
3«8 
78 
Sc. Peters at Pauls Wharf 
91 
6S 
Sc. Peters Poor in Broadftreec 
52 
17 
St.Stevens in Colman ftreet -- 
506 
St S’ccvens in Walbrock ' . 1 
- 15 
St Swithin ar London-ftone ■ 
99 
60 
— 141 
107 
Trinity Parifh 
1 °7 
Buried within the 97 Parities within the Walls of all Di' 
feafes *434° 
Whereof of the Plague. — 9197 
«?r. Andrews in Holborn 
2,190 
16$6 
St. Bartholmew the Great 
5^ 
$60 
5c. Bartholmew the Lds 
— -111 
St. Brides Parifh ■ 
* 1481 
103* 
Sr. Bocolph Algate 
■ 2573 
16$ 3 
Bridcwel Precind 
154 
St.BotolphsBifhops-gate - 
— 23*4 
714 
Sr. Botolph* Alders gate 
— 
307 
St. Dunfians the Weft 
St. Georges Southwark 
— —* 86c 
1608 
644 
9(2 
St. Gilei Cfipplegate — 
3988 
1338 
5c. Olaves in Southwark 
3689 
'-6o9 
St. Savionrs Southwark 
—————— 2746 
1671 
St, Sepulchers Parifh 
3425 
24 20 
St. Thomas in Southwark 
33s 
277 
Trinity in the Minories 
i$i 
87 
At the Peft-huufc - —; ■ 
- . *94 
189 
Buried, in the Petrifies without the Wallsftand-' 
hg part within the Liberties and part without, 
in luiddltfex, and S*rreyx and at the Pejl-houfe•. 
ztf9722 
Whereof of the Plague* allied Buried in the nine out-Parifties, 
*f. Clements Tempjebar 
1284 
7?$ 
Giles in the Fields 
'947 
**• James at Clarken-well 
1191 
903 
Katharinsby the To\*er 
998 
744 
Leonards in Shoreditch 
1995 
1407 
**• Martins in the Fields — 
— 1470 
97$ 
®f» Mary White chapel —- 
— 3305 
1272 
Bermondfey —. 
——1— —— 1127 
8 89 
Farifh ——. 
- 450 
176 
Juried in the nine out Parifhes, in Middlefex fo Surrey 11953. 
of the Plague, ■■ ■■ 9°^7 
The Total of all th“ Burials of allDifeafes, within 
the Walls without the Walls, in theLiberties,in 
Middle)ex, and Surrey, with the nine Out- 
$4*6S. 
Farifhes and the Peft'haufe. 
Whereof Buried of the Plague this prefentyear, is — 3$4* 7 
Crijhvngs this prefect year, it ■ —— 6983 
fari/hes clear this year ,it ■ ■—— ■ i. 
Fattfhes infelled this year, i; —. — —■ H* 
5. In the Year 1626, the City of 
in imitation of London was in- 
ferted.The grofs accompt of the Burials 
and Chnjlnings, with diftin&ion of the 
Plague being only taken notice of there- 
in • the filthy orlaft Canton, or Lined 
fpace of the faid Bill, being varied into 
Ae form following 5 Buried 
Plague 15 
Chrifnings 36i 
In Wejlrninjley this Year 
6. In the Year 1629,, anaccomptof 
the DifeafeSj and Cafualties 3 whereof any 
dyed, together with the diftin&ion of 
Males and Females, making the fix Can- 
ton of the Bril, vvas added in mannet 
following. 
The Canton of Cafualties , and of the 
Bill for the 2ear l6^23 being of tht 
fame form with that of 1629. 
The DifeafeS} and Cafualties this Tear be* 
ing 1632. 
A Bortive, and Stilborn 
—- ~~ ‘ 4 tf 
Aged 
Ague __ 6l9 
Apoplex, and Mcagrom - 
with a mad dog ___ l1 
Bleeding — _________ 1 
bloody flux, fcouring, andflW ~ ~l 
* _ *r.J  I dues, fores, and ulcers, — 28 
«urnr, and Scalded ■ - . - 
ourft,and Ruprure ——— ——„ 
dancer, and Woolf —— i! 
Canker — —- ! 
Childbed -■ —. I7t 
Chrifomes, and Infants — — —... 225g 
Cold and Cough ——55 
Colick, Stone, and Strangury . 
Confumption —— 
Convulfion — _ 
Cut of the Stone —_ * 
ead in the ftreet, and ftarved —. — ■ , 5 
**r°Pfie, and fwelling .— — _ 26- 
Orowned —, 4 
and preft to death — — — — —38 
filing ficknefs — — — — 17 
feeJ ~ 1 io3 
Piftula —. _ — ,, 
Hox, and fmall Pox ■■ 52§ 
stench Pox - - — JZ 
Cangrecn — — — — — — $ 
Gout _ 4 
Indies ” 
fallen — — ,8 
- ■ ■» 44 
Kild by fereral accidents —— — 6 
King’s Evil - 38 
Lethargic - ■ - - - . — — 2 
tivergrown g7 
__ f 
away themfclvcs — .m t-w i? 
Mcaflcs 8® 
furthered - ————' 7 
SSe1*1**' and flarved at nurfe —— * 
Piles JTrr * * 2$ 
- ~ ' | Planet —— - K 
Pleuritic, and Spleen 
Purples and fpotted Fever V 
Quin He ■— * — 1a 
Riling of the Lights — —r 
Sciatica — — — * 
Scurvy , and Itch — 9 
Suddenly — —— 6i 
Surfer 8d 
Swine* Pox 
Teeth -— — ■ ■■ - —• 47° 
Thrufh.and Sore mouth — — — « 4° 
Tympany ——— —- i? 
Tiffick 3 + 
Vomiting - “— * — ■ ■■■■ ■— 1 
Wormes «- —1 ■ ——■—— a 7 
Chri- 
ftened 
'Males —— 
Females —4590 
-In all -9584- 
Buried 
— 4 9 3 -~ 
.Females 
LIn all -9535. 
Whereof, 
of rhe 
Plague 8 
Increafed in the Burials in the 122 Parifhes and at the 
Peft houfe this year, —~ 993 
Decreased of the Plague in the 122 Parifhes, and at the 
Peft-houfe this year, — —» $6* 
7. In the year 1636, the Accomptsof 
the Bunds 8c ChnftningSjin the Parifhes 
of Iflington3 Lmbih3 Stepney > Newington, 
Hackney 3 and Rednjf ] were added in the 
manner following 3 making a feventh 
Canton5mr. - In St. Mar- 
garets Weft- 
minjter. 
Chriftned ... .-.-T.-.—» 
Buried — 890 
Plague o 
Chriftned- 3 6 
| Buried I *3 
.Plague. * o 
IftingUn 
Chriftned—— 132 
[Buried —-— 220 
.Plague o 
Lambeth 
' Chriftned 892 
| Buried 1486 
.Plague o 
Steptey 
Chriftned 99 
| Buried 18E 
. Plague * — —- o 
Newington 
k<tc\ny 
Chriftned -30 
'Buried 91 
Plague — o 
Chriftned — 16 
Buried — — — 48 
Plague ■ O 
Wr/jf 
The Total of all the Burials in the f even laft Parifties 
this Tear — ■ ■ ——• 295S 
Whereof of the Plague — o 
The Total of all the Chr Wrings 1644 8. Covent-Garden being made a Pa- 
fcifhj the nine out-Pa rifhes were called 
the ten out-Parifhes3 the which in for- 
mer years were but eight. 
9. In the year 1660. the laft mentioned 
ten with Wejlminjler, Iflmgton, 
Lambeth, Stepney, Newington, Hackney, 
and Redr iff', are entred under two Divi' 
fions3 viz*. the one containing the twelve 
Parifhes lying in Middle/>x, and Surrey, 
and the other the five Parifhes within 
:he City and Liberties of Wejlminjler,xvi> 
St. Clement-Vanes , St. Rauls-Cogent' 
Garden, St. Martins in the Fields, Sk 
Mary-Savoy,8l Sc.Margarets- Wejlminjler• 
10. We have hitherto defcribed the 
feveral fteps* whereby the Bills of Motj 
tality are come up to their prefer 
ftate; we come next to fhew how Ml are made, and compofed, which is in this 
banner, ‘Vik-. When any one dies, then, 
either by tolling, or ringing of a Bell, or 
by befpeaking of a Grave of the Sexton y 
the fame is known to the Searchers, cor- 
refponding with the faid Sexton. 
*i. The Searchers hereupon [who 
3rc antient Matrojns, fworn to their Of- 
ce) repair to the place, where the dead 
lies, and by view of the fame, 
ar,d by other enquiries, they examine 
by what Difeafe or Casualty the Corps 
Hereupon they make their Re- 
P°vt to the ‘Tarifb-Clerland he, every 
Tuefday-night, carries in anAccomptof 
all the Burials and Chrijlnmgs, happening 
that Week, to the Clerk of the Hall. On 
Wednefclay the general Accompt is made 
U and Printed, and on Thursday publi- Shed* and difperfed to the Several Fami- 
who will pay four Shilling per 
mm for them. / 
12. Memorandum* That although the 
general yearly Bills have been fet out 
in the Several varieties afore-mentioned* 
yet the Original Entries in the Hall books 
were as exaft in the very firSt year, as to 
all particulars, as now; and the Specify- 
ing of Caf xaltiesj and Dif eafe?s3 was pro- 
bably more. 
CHAP. II. 
General Observations upon the Casualties. 
P? my Difcourfes upon thefe Bills? I 
iliall firft fpeakof the Cafualties? then 
givemy Obfervationsj with reference to 
the Places and Parifbes comprehended in Bills and next of the Tears & Seafons, 
1. There feems to be good reafon, 
why the Magijlrate fhould himfelf take 
Notice of the numbers of Burials , and 
ChnJlmngSj viz. to fee whether the City 
eiicreafe or decreafe in people; whe- 
tne* it increafe proportionably with the 
reftof the Nation: whether it hz grown 
I. J o 
enough,, or too big, &c. But why 
fame fhould be made known to the 
People, otherwife then to pleafe them 
as With a curiofity I fee not. 
2. Nor could I ever yet learn (from 
many I have asked, and thofe not 
the leaft Sagacity') to what purpofe 
Ae diftii:ftion between Males and Be- 
m*les is inferted, or at all taken notice 
or why that of Marriages was not 
equally given in ? Nor is it obrious to every body, why the Accompt of O 
f 'laities (whereof we are now fpeaking) is 
made?The reafon,which feems mold ob- 
vious for this later, is, That the (late of 
health in the City may at all times appear. 
3. Now it may be Objected, That 
the fame depends moft upon the Ac- 
conlpts of Epidemical Dif ?ajes, and upon 
the chief of them all, thcTlavue • where- 
fore the mention of the reft feems only 
matter of curiofity. 
4. But to this we anfwer, That the 
knowledge even of the numbers, which 
die of the Plague, is not fufficiently de* 
duced from the meer Report of the 
Searchers, which only the Bills afford 3 
bat from other Ratiocinations, and 
comparings of the Plague, with fame 
other Cafuuhies. 5- tor we fhall make it that 
the Years of Plague, a quarter part 
ntoredie$of that Difeafe than are fet 
down- the fame we flhali alfo prove by o- 
Cajualties. Wherefore 3if it be necef- 
lary to impart to the world a good accompt 
°f fome few Caj ualties, which fmce it 
cannot well be done without, giving an 
ccompt of them all, then is our common 
fraftije of fo doing,very apt and rational. 
6. Now, to make thefe Corrections 
uP°n the perhaps ignorant, and carelefs 
Searchers Reports , I confidered firft of 
what authority they were of themfelves, 
that is, whether any credit at all were to 
he given to their Diftinguifhments: and 
finding that many of the Cajualties were 
matter of fenfe, as whether a Child 
were Abortroe or Stillborn; whether men werexiled, that is to fay* above fixty 
years old3or thereabouts when they died5 
without any curious determination-whe- 
ther fuch Jged perfons died purely of Jge 
as for that the Innate beat was quite ex- 
tinft, or the Radical moijl'ure quite dried 
up (for I have heard fome Candid Pbyfi- 
uans complaine of the darknefs3 which 
themfelves were in hereupon) I fay3 that 
thefe DiftinguifhmentSj being but mat- 
ter of fenfe* I concluded the Searchers 
Report might be fufficient in the Cafe. 
7. As for Conf motions3 if the Searchers 
do but truly Report (as they may) whe- 
ther the dead Corps were very and 
worn away3 it matters not to many of 
our purpofes3 whether the Difeafe were 
exactly the lame3 as Fhjficians define it 
in their Books. Moreover* In cafe a man of feventy five years old died of a Cough 
(°f which had he been free he might 
h ave poffibly lived to ninety) I efteem it 
httle erroirr (as to many of our purpofes) 
this Perfon be in the Table of Cafual- 
tlesy reckoned among the jfged , and not 
placed under the Tide of Coughs. 
o 
2. In the matters of Infants I would de- 
fire but to know clearly.,what the Search- 
es mean by Inf ants,as whether Children 
that cannot fpeak 3 as the word Infant 
feems to fignifie3 or Children under two 
°r three years old3 although I fhould not 
be iatisfied, whether the Infant died of 
Wind ,os of Teeth,os of the Conl>uJion,8cc, 
or were choaked with Phlegm,os elfe of 
Teeth,ConVulfion,&S cowring,apart,os to- 
they fay do often caufe one 
for I fay5it is fomewhat to know how many die ufually before they can 
fpeakj or how many live part any 
ned number of years. 
9.I fay jit is enough if we know from the 
Searchers but the mod predominant fymp' 
toms; as that one died of the Head-Mh, 
who was forely tormented with itj though 
the Phyjicians were of opinion., that the 
difeafe was in the Stomach. Again., if one 
died fuddenly, the matter is not great, 
whether it be reported in the Bills., Sud- 
denly y apoplexyy or Planet-fir ucken> &c, 
10. To conclude, In many of thefe 
cafes the Searchers are able to report the 
opinion of the Phyfecian, who was with 
the Patient, as they receive the fame 
from the Friends of the Defunft: and in 
very many cafes fuch as Drowning 
Scalding., Bleeding3 Vomitings making away themfcfaesyhunaii(\ues3 Sores 3 Small-Pox, 
&c. their own fenfes are fufficient and 
the generality of the world are able pret- 
ty well to ditlinguifh the Gout , Stone, 
®ropfie3 , Paljie5 3 
Pleurifie9 Pickets3 one from another. 
n.But now as for thofe caf ualties which 
are apteft to be confounded miftakeii, 
I fhall in the enfuing Difcourfe prefume 
to touch upon them fo far as the learn- 
ing of thefe Bills have enabled me. 
u.Havingpremifed thefe general Ad- 
vertifemertSjOur firft Obfervation upon 
the Cafualtics fliall That in twenty 
years there dying of allDifeafes & Ca~ 
i ualties, 2292 50* that 71124 died of the 
'Pbrujh,ConVulJton,Rickets 
and as .Abortivesy Cbryfomes,Infants,Li- 
3 and Over-laid 3 that is to  about* of the whole died of thole 
difeafesjwhich we ghefs did all light up" 
on Children under four or five years old. 
13. There died alfoof the Small-Pox3 
Swine-Pox, and Meafles and of Worms 
without CorPoulfions , 12210. of which 
number we fuppofe about 
l might be Children under fix Years 
old, Now* if we confider thatfixteen 
thoufand of the faid 229250 died of that 
extraordinary and grand Casualty, the 
Plague„ we fhall find that about thirty 
fix per Centum of all quick conceptions 
died before fix Years old. 
fecond Obfervation is/That of 
the faid 229250 dying of all 
there died of acute Difeafes (the Plague 
excepted) but about 50000, or \ parts. 
Thewbich proportion doth give a mea- fure of the Stateyand difpofition of this 
Climate, and Mrr, as to health; thefe a- 
cute and Epidemical Difeafes hapning 
fuddenlyj and vehemently upon the like 
corruptions, and alterations in the Mir. 
15. The third Obfervation is5 that of 
thefaid 229250 about feventy thoufand 
died of Chronical Difeafes* which {hews 
(as I conceive) the State and Difpofion 
of the Country (including as well its 
Pood as Ait) in reference to health, or 
rather in lonyroxty : for as the proporti- 
on of acute and Epidemical Difeafes {hews 
the aptnefs of the Air to fudden and ve- 
hement impreffions • fo the Chronical Di+ 
feafesfhew the ordinary temper of the 
place: fo that upon the proportion of 
Chronical Difeafes feem to hang ,the 
judgment of thefitnefsof the Country for long life. For, I conceive, that in 
Countries fubjedt to great Epidemical 
fweeps* men may live very long, but, 
where the proportion of the Chronicaldi- 
ftempers is greats it is not likely to be fo ; 
becaufe men being long fick, and always 
fickly* cannot live to any great age* as we 
fee in feveral lbrts of Mettalmen,who*ab 
though they are lefs fubje&to acute Y)i- 
feafes then others* yet feldom live to be 
old*that is* not to reach unto thofe years* 
which David fays is the Age of Man. 
16. fourth Obfervation is,That of 
the faid 229250 not 4000 died of out- 
ward Griefs*as of Cancers 
Ulcers* broken and bruifed Limbs3 Impo- 
jhmes fitch filings, evil fieprojtefica Id-head 
Smne-pox, Wens fix c. 'Viz,, notone in 6c. 
17. In the next place* whereas many  live in great fear, and apprehen- 
sion of fome of the more formidable and 
notorious Difeafes following ; I (hall 
°nly fet down how many died of each: 
that the refpeftive numbers, being com- 
pared wich the Total 229250, thofe 
Perfons may the better underftand the 
hazard they are in. 
Table of Notorious Vifenfes. 
fioplex 1306 
'*t of tfe stone 0038 
ffUing Sicknefs ~C7 + 
read in tbe Streets 0143 
Z0VPt 
*e«d ach 0051 
Jaundice •— — 0998 
*“e,hargy — 00^7 
Leprofie — oob& 
LunaCique 0158 
Overlaid and Starved of 29 
t Palfy — *—- ©4i5 
Rupture —— 0201 
Stone and Strangury 0865 
Sciatica .000$ 
Sodamly 1 - — * 0454 
Table of C.afunities, 
®e'ding —069 
i *rnt, and Scalded n$ 
-Jwned 8aji 
*«jJive drtnbing— 001 
•—?»; 
Merged themfelves 222 
Kil'd by fcveralaccidentsiozs 
Murdered —®°8^ 
Poyfoned * OI* 
Smothered 046 
Shot 
Starved 
i Vomiting— 1 i8. In the foregoing Obfervatiofl5 
we ventured to make a Standard of the 
healthfulnefs of thtJir from the proper 
tion of Jcute & Epidemical difeafes.,$t ot 
the who Ifmnefr of the food from that ot 
the Chronical. Yet for as much as neither 
of them alone do fhew the longevity, o\ 
the Inhabitants3we dial in the next platf 
come to the more abfolute ftandard., and 
correction of both,wfcich is the propor 
tion of the 157 57 to the Total 
2292 5o.That is3of about 1 toi or 7 pc* 
Cent. Only the queftion numbed 
of years the Searchers call which l 
conceive muft be the fame that D*W 
calls For no man can 
to die properly of dge,who is much lefe 
It follows from hence* That if in any <r 
ther Country more then 7 of the ico liv^ beyond *]o,(uch Country is to be efteemS 
ed more healthful than this of our CityJ 
19. Before we fpeak of particular ca- 
fealties,wc ihall obferve, that among the 
feveral cafualties fome bear a conftant 
proportion to the whole number of Bu~ 
yials-, fuch are Cfcrowoi/Difeafes3and the 
t)ifeafes whereunto the City is moft fub* 
JCdt; as for example, Conf 
Res, Jaundice, Gowt, S tone a Ijie,Scurvy, 
rijpig of the Lights px Mother 
FeVers,Bloody flux, and ScowringZ 
Grief \Dr 
making away themfelves, and being 
bill'd by f ?veral Occidents, &C. do the 
like * whereas Epidemical, and Malignant 
as the Plague, Purples, Spotted- 
Small-Pox,and Meafles,do not keep 
equality 1(0 as in iomc years ox months, there died ten times as many as in others. 
CHAP. III. 
Of Particular Cafualties. 
A/lY firft Obfervation is3 That few 
1 are flawed. This for that 
of the 2292 503 which have died3 we find 
not above fifty one to have been flawed, 
excepting helpiefs Infants at Nurfe, 
which being caufed rather by carelef- 
nefsj ignorance* and infirmity of the 
Milch-women,is not properly an effeft* 
or fign of want of food in the Country> 
or of means to get it. 
2. The Obfervation which I fhail add 
hereto* is* That the vad number of Beg* 
gars* fwarming up and down this City? 
do all live* and feem to be mod of them 
healthy., and drong$ whereupon I make this queftion* Whether* fmce they do 
all live by begging* that is* without any 
kind of labour; it were not better for the 
State to keep them* even although they 
earned nothing; that fo they might live 
Regularly* and not in that Debauchery, 
as many Beggars do;and that they might 
l°e cured of their bodily Impotencies* or 
taught to work* &c. each according to 
his condition and capacity; or by being 
in fome work (not better un- 
done) might be accuftomed* and fitted 
for labour ? 
3* To this fome may Object* That 
are now maintained by voluntary 
Contributions, whereas in the other way, 
the fame mutt be done by generall Tax ; 
and confequently* the Ob iefts of Cha- 
rity would be removed* and taken away.' 4. To which we anfwer,That in Hol- 
land, although no where fewer Beggars 
appear to charm up commiferation in 
the credulous,yet no where is there grea* 
ter, or more frequent Charity: only in- 
deed the Magiftrate is both the Beggar, 
and the difvofer of what is got [by begging-, 
fo as all Givers have a Moral certainty, 
that their Charity (ball be well applied- 
5. Moreover, I queftion, Whether 
what we give to a Wretch, that ihews 
us lamentable fores, and mutilations, be 
always out of thepureft Charity ? that 
is, purely for God’s fake; for as much as 
when we fee fuch obje£ts?we then feel in 
our felves a kind of pain, and paflion by 
content; of which we eafe our felves, 
when we think we eafe them,with whom 
we fympathized 5 or elfe we befpeak a- forehand the like commiseration in others 
towards our (elves, when we Avail fas 
we fear we may) fall into the like diftrefs, 
6. We have (aid, Tivere better the Pub- 
h<\ jhould keep the Beggars , though they 
earned nothing, &c. But moll men will 
laugh to hear us fuppofe, That any able 
to work (as indeed mod Beggars are, in 
one kind of meafure or another) fliould 
be kept without earning any thing. But 
we Anfwer, That if there be but a cer- 
tain proportion of work to be done • and 
that the fame be already done by the non- 
Beggars; then to imploy the Beggars a- 
bout it, will bnt transfer the want from 
one hand to another; nor can a Learner 
Work fo cheap as a skilful praftifed Jrtijl 
Can. As for example, a pra£tifed Spinner 
fhall fpin a pound of Wool worth two (hillings for fix pence ; bat a learner, 
undertaking it for three pence* fhall 
make the Wool indeed into Yarn* bat 
rot worth twelve pence. 
7. This little hint is the model of the 
greateft work in the world., which is the 
making of England as confiderable for 
Trade as Holland • for there is bat a cer- 
tain proportion of Trade in the worlds 
and Holland is prepoflefled of the great- 
eft part of it* and is thought to have more 
skill and experience to manage it; where- 
fore* to bring England into Hollands con- 
dition;, as to this particular* is the fame* 
as to fend all the Beggars about London* 
into the f Vefl-Country to fpin, where they 
fhall only fpoil the Clothiers Wool* and 
beggar the prefent Spinners atbeft; but 
at worft, put the whole Trade of the Country to a ftandj until the Hollander, 
being more ready for it* have fnapt that 
with the reft. 
8. My next Obfervation is, That but 
few are Murtbered, viz. r.ot above 86. of 
the 229250. which have died of other 
Difeafas and Cafualties • whereas in 
Paris y few nights fcape without their 
Tragedy. 
9. The Reafons of this we conceive 
to be Two: One is the Government, and 
Guard of the City by Citizens them- 
felvesj and that alternately. No man fet- 
ling into a Trade for that employ, 
ftient. And the other is* The natural 
2nd cuftomary abhorrence of that in- 
humane Crime, and all Bloodfbed, by 
ttioft Enghjhmen : for of all that are 
Executed, few are for Murtber. Befides the great and frequent Revolutions and 
Changes in Government fince the year 
1650* have been with little bloodfbed ; 
the Ufurpers themfelves having Executed 
few in comparifon., upon the Accompt 
of difturbing their Innovations. 
10. In brief, when any dead Body is 
found in England> no JIgebraifl, or Unci- 
fherer of ufe more fubtile fup- 
politionSj and variety of conje&ures to 
find out the or Cipher; 
than every common unconcerned perfon 
doth tcufiud out the Murtherers3 and that 
for ever, until it be done. 
V 
11. The Lunaticks are alfo but few* 
viz,. 158 in 229250. though I fear many 
more than are fet down in our Bills, 
few being entred for fuch,, but thofe 
who die at Bedim ± and there all feem to die of their Lunacy,who diedLunaticl&Z 
for there is much difference in compu- 
ting the number of Lunaticky, that die 
(though of Fevers Sc all other Difeafes* 
unto which Lunacy is no Superf'ideas) and 
thofe that die by reafon of their Madnejs, 
12. So thatjthisCrf/ ualty being fo uncer- 
tain., 1 (hall not force my felf to make a- 
fly inference from the numbers and pro- 
portions we find in our Bills concerning 
it: only I dare enfure any man at this 
prefent, well in its for one in the 
thoufandjthat he fhall not die a Lunatick 
in Bedlam, within thefe (even years., be- 
caufe I find not above one in about one 
thoufand five hundred have done fo. 
13. The like ufe may be made of the 
accompts of meiyJhat made away them- 
fcfvesj who are another fort of Mad- men, that think to eafe themfelves of 
pain by leaping into Hell • or elfe are 
are more Mad* fo as to think there is 
no fuch place • or that men may go to 
reft by deaths though they dye in felf- 
murther* the greatnft Sin. 
i We fhall fay nothing of the num- 
bers of thofe that have been Drowned* 
Killed by falls from Scaffolds, orb y Carts 
running over themfac, becaufe the fame 
depends upon the cafnal Trade and 
Employment of men, and upon matters 
which are but circumftantial to the Sea- 
tons and Regions we live in; and affords 
little of the Science and Certainty we 
aim at. 
15. We find one Caf ualty in our Bills, 
of which* though there be daily talk, 
there is little effect* much like our ab- horrence of Toads & Snakgs as mod poi- 
fonus Creatures, whereas few men dare 
fay upon their own knowleg they ever 
found harm by either j and this Casualty 
is the gotten for the moft 
part;, not fo much by the intemperate 
ufe of Venery which rather caufeth the 
Gout) as of many common Women. 
16.1 fay the Bills of Mortality would 
take off thefe Bars , which keep fome 
men within the bounds,as to thefe extra- 
vagancies : for in the aforementioned 
229250, we find not above 392 to have 
died of the Pox, Now, forafmuch fcs it 
not good to let the World be lulled in- 
to a fecurity and belief of Impunity 
by our Bills, which we intend fhall 
not be only as Death’subheads to put 
men in mind of their Mortality 3 but alfo as Mercurial Statues.to point out the 
mofl dangerous ways that lead us into it 
and miferyj We (hall therefore fhew* 
that the Pox is not as the Thads and 
and Snakes afore-mentioned., but of a 
quite contrary nature, together with the 
reafon why it appears otherwife. 
17. Forafmuch as by the ordinary 
difcourfe of the world it feeems a great 
part of men have at onetime or other* 
had fome fpecies of this Difeafe I won- 
dring why fo few died of it* efpecially 
becaufe I could not take that to be fo 
harmlefs, whereof fo many complained 
very fiercely 3 upon enquiry 1 found that 
thofe who died of it out of the Hofpi- 
tals (efpecially that of Kings-Land, and 
the Lock.in Sauthwark.) were returned of 
Ulcers and Sores, And in br ief, I found* that all mentioned to die of the French- 
Pox were returned by the Clerk/ of St. 
Giles9 s and St. Marlins in the Fields on- 
ly , in which place I underftood that 
moft of the vileft and mod miferable 
houfes of uncleanefs were: from whence 
I concluded that only hated perfons, and 
fuch, whofe very No/es were eaten off, 
were reported by the Searchers to have 
died of this too frequent Malady. 
18. In the next place , it fhail be 
examined under what name, or Casu- 
alty, fuch as die of thefe Difeafes are 
brought in : I fay, under thtConfump* 
Cion • for as much as all dying there- 
of die fo emaciated and lean (their 
Ulcers dif-appearing upon Death ) that 
the Old-women Searchers, after the mill 
°f a Cup of Aley and the bribe of a two- groat fee, in dead of one,, given them* 
cannot tell whether this emaciation or 
leannefs were from a PhthiJiSj or from an 
Heftick Fever, Atrophy 0 &C. or from 
an infection of the Spermatick. parts, 
which in length of time 3 and in various 
difguifes hath at lail vitiated the ha- 
bit of the Body, and by difabling the 
parts to digefl their nourifhment* 
brought them to the condition of lean- 
nefs above mentioned, 
19. My next Obfervation is, That 
of the Pickets we find no mention a- 
jnong the Cajualties , until the Year 
1634, and then but of 14 for that.whole 
Year, 
20. Now the QueiYion Whether 
that Difeafe did firft appear about that 
time 3 or whether a Difeafe * which had been long before, did then firft re- 
ceive its Name ? 
* 2i. To clear this Difficulty out of 
the Bills (for I dare venture on no dee- 
per Arguments) I enquired what other 
Cafualties before the year 1634, named 
in the Bills, was moft like the Rickets ; 
and found not only by pretenders to 
know it, but alfofrom other Bills, that 
Uver-grown was the neareft. For in fome 
years I find Liver-grown, Spleen, and 
Rickets, put all together, by reafon (as 1 
c :>nceive of their likenefs to each other.' 
Hereupon I added the Livcr-growns of 
the year ,1634 ,tnz»< 77, to the Thickets 
of the fame year, viz* i 4, making in all 
9*: which total as alfo the number 77 
itfelf, I compared with the Liver- 
grown of the precedent year 1633,’ viz,. 82: Ail which Ihewed me,, that the 
'Rickets was a new difeafe over and above. 
22. Now., this being but a faint Ar- 
gument 3 I looked both forwards and 
backwards, and founds that in the year 
when no Thickets appeared 3 there 
was but 94 Livergmvns; and in the 
year 1636 there was 99 Liver-^rown3 
although there were alfo 50 of the 
Thickets : only this is not to be denied, 
that when the Jackets grew very nu- 
merous C as in the year i66o3 viz* 521) 
then there appeared not above 15 of 
Liver-grown. 
23. In the year 1659 were 441 
pickets and 8 Liver-crown. In the year 
1658 were 476 Tickets 3 and 51 Li* 
ver-grown. Now, though it be grant- 
ed that thefe Difeafes were confounded m the Judgement of the Nurfes, yet it is 
certain, that the Ljyer-grmn did 
uever but once, viz,. Atnno 1630, exceed 
Joo; whereas Anno 1660, tivergrown 
3nd Rickets 3 were 536. 
24. It is alfotobe that the 
Rickets were never more numerous than 
n°vv,and that they are (till increafing, for 
Anno 1649, there was but 190, next year 
*60, next after that 3 29, and fo forwards, 
with feme little darting backwards in 
fcme years, until the year which 
Produced the greateftof ail. 
2 5. Now, fuch back-ftartings feem 
to be univcrfal in all tilings; for wp 
not onely fee in the progreffive mcu 
tl°n of the wheels of Watches, and in 
lowing of Boats, that there is a 
lfde darting or jerking backwards be- tween every ftep forwards* but alfoCif I 
am not much deceived) there appeared 
the like in the motion of the Moon,which 
in the long Telefcopes at Grejham Col ledge 
one may fenfibly difcern. 
26. There feems alfo to be ano- 
ther new Difeafe* called by our Bills* 
'Theflopping of the Stomachy, firft menti- 
oned in the year 16^63thc which Malady, 
from that year to 1647* increafed but 
from 6 to 29* Anno 1655* it came to 
145. In 57, to 277. In 60* to 314. 
Now thefe proportions far exceeding 
the difference ofproportion generally a- 
rifing from the increafe of Inhabitants, 
and from the refort of Advent to the 
City* fhews there is fome new Difeafe, 
which appeareth to the Vulgar* as J5 
flopping of the Stomach, 27. Hereupon I apprehended,that this 
Stopping might be the Green-ficknefr,for- 
kfmuch as I find few or none to have 
been returned upon that Account, al- 
though many be vifibly (tained with it.1 
Now, whether the fame be forborn out 
of fhamej know not:For fince the world 
believes, that Marriage Cures it, it may 
ieem indeed a Jhame3t hat any Maid fhoulcf 
die uncured, when there are more Males 
than Females, that is, an overplus of 
Husbands to all that can be Wives. 
2?. In the next place, I 
ted, that this flopping of the Stomach, > 
might be the Mother, forafrnuch as I 
have heard of many troubled with' 
Mother-fits (as they call them] although 
few returned to have died of them; 
which conjecture, if it be true, we may then fafely fay,That the Mother-fits have 
alfo increafed. 
29. But I was fomewhat taken oft 
from thinking this flopping of the Stomack 
to be the Mother, becaufe I ghuefled ra- 
ther the fifing of the Lights might be it. 
For I remembred that fome Women, 
troubled with the Mother-fits, did com- 
plain of a choakjng in their Throats. Now, 
as l understand, it is more conceivable, 
that the Lights or Lungs (which 1 have 
heard, called; The Bellows of the 
not blowing, that is, neither venting out, 
nor taking in breath, might rather caufe 
fuch a Choking, than that the Mother 
jhould rife up thither, and do it. For 
me-thinks, when a woman is with child, 
there is a greater rifing, and yet no fuch 
Fits at all. 30. But what I have faid of thcBickr 
€ts and flopping of the Stomack,y I do in 
forne meafure fay of the Bifing of the 
Lights alfo, viz,, that thefe Bijmgsy (be 
they what they wilb have increaf ?d much 
above the general proportion; for in 1629 
there was but 44, and in 1660, 249, viz,. 
almoft fix times as many. 
31. Now, forafmuch as Rufats ap- 
pear much in the Over-growing of Chi/- 
drens Livers and Spleens (as by the 
Bills may appear) which furely may 
flopping of the Stomachy by fquee- 
*ing and crouding upon that part. 
And forafmuch as thefe Chokings or 
Lijings of the Lights may proceed from 
the fame ftuffings, as make the Liver 
and Spleen to over-grow their due 
Proportion, And lallly , foraimuch ■as the 'Rickets, flopping of the Stomach > 
and rifling of the Lights, have all increa<? 
fed together, and in fome kind of corret 
pondent proportions; it feems to me, 
that they depend one upon another. And 
that what is the Rickets in Children, may 
be the other in more grown Bodies • fo’r 
furely Children, which recover of the 
Tickets3 may retain fomewhat to caufe 
what 1 have imagined: but of this let 
the learned Phyflicians confider, as I 
fume they have, 
32. I had not medled thus far, buf 
that 1 have heard, the firft hints of the 
circulation of the Blood, were taken 
from a common Perfon’s wondering 
what became of all the blood which iflu- 
ed out of the heart, fince the heart beats 
above three thoufand times an hour, al~ though but one dropffrould be pump’d 
°ut of it at every itroke. 
33. The Stone feemed to decreafe: 
for in 1632, 33, 34, 35, and 36, there 
died of the Stone and Strangury, 254. 
And in the Years 1655,56, 57,58, 59, 
and 1660, but 250, which numbers, al- 
though indeed they be almoft equal 3 
yet confidering the Burials of the firtl 
earned five years, were but half thofe 
of the later, it feems to be decreafed by 
about one half. 
34. Now the Stone and Strangury, 
are Difeafes, which mod men know 
that feel them, unlefs it be in fome few 
oafes, where (as I have heard Tbyfici* 
*ns fay) a Stone is held up by the Films 
°f the Bladder, and fo kept from gra*> 
or offending it. 3<. The GW (lands much at a llay, 
that is, it anfwers the general proportion 
of Burials• there dies not above one of 
jcoo of the Gout, although I believe that 
more dit Gouty. The reafon is, becaufe 
thofe that have the Gout, are faid to be 
low-lifters \ and therefore, when fuch 
die, they are returned as Aged. 
36. The Scurvy hath likewife increa- 
fed, and that gradually from 12, Anno 
1629, to 95, Anno 1660. 
37. The Tyjfick fcems to be quite 
worn away, but that it is probable the 
fame is entred as Cough or Conf umgtion. 
38. <Agues and Fevers are entred pro- 
mifcuoufly, yet in the few Bills, where- 
in they have been dillinguHhed, it ap- 
pears, that not above one in 40 of the 
whole are Jgues. 39. The abortives and Snl-bom are 
about the twentieth part of thofe that 
are Chriftened, and the numbers feemed 
the fame thirty Years ago as now, which 
fhews there were more in proportion in 
thofe years then now : or aelfe that in 
thefe later Years due Accompts have 
not been kept of thzdbortivesj as having 
been Buried without notice* and perhaps 
not in Church-Tards. 
40. For that there hath been a negledt 
in the Accounts of the Chrijlenings is 
mod certain,becaufe until the year 1642, 
we find the Burials but equal with the 
Chrijlenings, or near thereabouts* but in 
16483 when the differences in Religion 
had changed the Government* the 
Chrijlenings were but two thirds of the 
trials. And in the year 1659, not half* T>iz>. the Burials were 14720, of the 
Plague but 36) and the Christenings were 
but 5670; which great difproportion 
could be from no other Caufe than 
that above-mentioned, forafrnuch as the 
fame grew as the Confufions and Chan- 
ges grew. 
41. Moreover, although the Bills give 
US in Anno i659 but 5670 Chrijlemngs, 
yet they give us 421 Abortives, and 2 26 
dying in Child-Bed 3 whereas in the year 
*631, when the Jbortives were 410, that 
is, near the number of the year 1659, 
the Chrijlenings were 8288. Wherefore 
by the proportion of .Abortives Anno. 
1659, the Chrijlenings, fhould have been 
about 8500: but if we fhall reckon by 
the Women dying in Childbed, of whom 
a better Accompt is kept then of Stil- Borns and Abortives , we fhall find Anne 
there were 226 Child-Beds-, and 
nno 1631 y ii2, 'ViZj, not \: Wherefore 
I Conceive that the true number of the 
Chrijlnings Anno 1659 is above double tQ 
the 51>9°3 fet down in our Bills 3 that is 
about 115003 and then the Chrijlenings 
will come near the fame proportion to 
the Burials,'<& hath been pbferved infor- 
mer times, 
42, In regular Times * when Ae- 
compts were well kept * we find that 
not above three in 2co died in Child- 
Bed, and that the number of Jborthes 
was about treble to that of the Wo- 
men dying in Child-Bed : from whence 
we may probably cqlleft, that not one 
Woman of an hundred [I might fay 
of two hundred) dies in her Labour* forafmuchas there be ocher Caufes of a 
Womans dying within a Months than 
the hardnefs of her Labour, 
43. If this be true in thefe Countries, 
where women hinder the facility of their 
Child-bearing by affeCted ftraitening of 
their Bodies; then certainly in America, 
where the fame is not prattifed, 
ture is little more to be taxed as to wo- 
rried;, than in Brutes 3 among whom not 
one in fome thousands do die of their 
Deliveries: what I have heard of the 
Irijh-Women confirms me herein. 
44. Before we quite leave this matter, 
we (ball infert the Caufes, why the 
Accompt of Christenings hath been neg- 
lected more then that of Burials : one, 
and the chief whereof, was a Religious 
Opinion againft Baptizing of Infants, ei- ther as unlawful* or unnecefiary. If this 
Were the only reafon we might by our 
defeats of this kind conclude the growth 
°f this opinion, and pronounce* that not 
half the People of London * between the 
years 1650 and 1660* were convinced of 
the need of Baptizing. 
45. A lecond Reafon was * The 
fcruples which mauy publick Mini- 
fters would make of the worthinefs of 
Parents* to'have their Children Bapti- 
sed, which forced fuch queftioned Pa- 
rents* who did alfonot believe the ne- 
ceffity of having their Children Baptized 
by fuch Scruplers* to carry their Chil- 
dren unto fuch other Minijlers3 as having 
performed the thing, had not the Au- 
thority or command of the Jfegijler to 
enter the names of the Baptized. 46.A third Reafon was3 That a little 
Fee was to be paid for the T{enflry. 
4*j, Upon the whole matter itismoft 
certain that the number of Heterodox 
Believers was very great between the 
faidyear 1650 and 1660 • and fopeeyifh 
were they as not to have the Births 
of their Children Tfeoijlred 3 although 
thereby the time of their coming of 
Age might be known * in refpedt of 
fuch Inheritances as might belong unto 
them; and withal by fuch 
it would have appeared unto what 
Parijh each Child had belonged in 
cafe any of them fhould happen to want 
relief. 
48. Of Con'VulJions there appeared very 
feWj'W&.but 52 in the year 1629., which 
in 1636 grew to 709 , keeping about that flay till 16593 though fometimes rifing 
to about icco. 
49. It is to be noted 3 That from 
*629 to 16363 when the Convulfionswttt 
but few 3 the number of Cbryfoms and 
Infants was greater: for in 16293 there 
of Cbryfoms and Infants 25963 and 
°f the Con'Vulfion 52 3 viz,. of both 
2648. And in 1636 there was of Infants 
i89$3 and of the ConVulfions 709 ; in both 
*6043 by which it appears, that this dif- 
ference is likely to be only a confufion in 
the Accompts. 
50. Moreover we find that for 
thefe later years 3 fince 16363 the total 
°£ConipulJions and Chryfomes added to- 
gether are much lefs 3 viz,, by about 
400 or sco fer Annum 3 than the like 
*T°tals from 1629 to 36 3 which makes me thinks that Teeth alfo were thruft in 
under the Title of Chryf mes and Infants 
in as much as in the faid from 
1629 to 16 the number of Wormes and 
Teeth war ts by above 400 fer jinnum of 
what we find in following years. 
CHAP. IV. 
Of the Plague, 
i, Efore we leave to difcourfc of the 
CafualtieSj we fhall add fomething 
concerning that greateft DiJeaf e, or Ca- 
fuahy of all* The Plague. 
There have, been in Loudon, within 
this Age, four times of great Mortality, 
that is to fay the years 1592 and 1593* 
1603,1625 and 1636. There died Anno 1592* from Mwh 
to — — ■■ -as88£ 
Whereof of the Plague—— 
Anno — -r—— 17S44 
Whereof of the Plague -—■— 
Chnjlened in the faid year 'r*m 
Anno 1603* within die fame fpace of 
time, were Buried ■ —r—r-m&im 
Whereof of the Tlague— .. met 
An. 1625, within the fame fpace-—m>* 
Whereof of the Plague—■——31417 
An, 1636X from April to Decemb. -—233$$ 
Whereof of the. Plague——.10400 
i.Now it is maiiifert; of it felf, in which 
°f thefe years moft died; but in which of 
was the greateft Mortality of all di- 
fe*fes in general, or of the Plague in par- 
Ocular, we difcover thus. In the yeas 
l59*>and \6yS>we find the proportion of thofe dying of the T lague in the whole 
to be near alike3 that about io to 23* 
or 1 i to 25, or as about two to five. 
3. In the year 162$ y we find the 
Plague to bear unto the whole in pro- 
portion 3 as 35 to 5 \3 or 7 to io* that is 
almoft the triplicate of the former pro- 
portion 3 for 7 being 343, and 
theCube of 10 being 1000 3 the faid 343 is 
not \ of 1000. 
4. In Anno 1603, the proportion of the 
Plague to the was as 30 to 37foiz/m 
as 4 to which is yet greater than the 
laft of 7-to 20: For if the Year 1625 had 
been as great a Plague-year as 1603, there 
muft have died not only 7 to 10, but 8 to 
1 o3 which in thofe great numbers makes 
avail difference. 
5. We mull therefore conclude the Year 1603 to have been the greatest 
of this Age. 
6. Now to know in which of thefe 
four was the greateft Mortality at large* 
We reafon thus: 
dnno 1592 
Buried — ■■ 2 6490 < 
— 4277 
or< 
as * 
>* 
There died in the whole 
Year of all — 58244 
Ghriftned ——4784 
or 
as 
1603 
*to8, or 
1 4 CO IQ. 
Anno 
1625 
Died in the whole 
' Year 54265 
Xhriftned 6983 
$ 
or. 
as 
l636 
"There died, utfupra, •—*- 
LChriftned ■■■“— *—95 22j 
or 
as 
7. From whence it appears, that 
Anno 1636 the Chriftenings were a- 
b°ut * parts of the Burials: 
but 11 but in the Year 1603, and $ot above an eighth: fo that the faid 
two years were the years of greateft mor- 
tality. We faid that the year 1603 y/as 
the greateft, Plague-ytte. And now we 
fay, that the fame was not a greater year 
of Mortality than Jinno 1625. Now to 
reconcile thefe two Pofitions, we muft 
alledge, that Jinno 1625 there was Er- 
rour in the Accompts or Diftinffcions of 
the Caf values • that is, more died of the 
Plague than were accounted for under 
that name. Which Allegation we alfo 
prove thus* viz*. 
8. In the faid year 1625, there are 
faid to have died of the blague 35417, 
and of all other difeafes 188483 whereas 
in the years, both, before and after the 
fame, the. ordinary number of Burials, 
was between 7 and 8000.3 fp tfw if we add about 11000 (which is the difference 
between 7 and to our 3 5, the whole 
will be which bears to the whole 
$4000, as about 4 to 5, thereby rend'ring 
the faid year 162 5 to be as great a Plague 
year as that of 1603, and no greater; 
which anfwers to what we proved be- 
fore, 'viz,, that the Mortality of the two 
years was equal. 
From whence we may probably fuf- 
pe£t, that about \ part more died of the 
Plague than are returned for fuch; which 
We further prove by noting, that Anno 
1636 there died 104C0 of the Plague y 
the \ whereof is 2600. Now there are 
faid to have died of all other difeafes 
that Year 12959, out of which 
deducting 2600, there remains 103 59, 
rilore than which there died not in fe- yeral years next before and after the faid 
Year 1636. 
10. The next obfervation we (hall of» 
feris3 That the of 16033 laded 
eight years. In fome whereof there died 
above in others above 2000* and in 
but one lefs then 600: whereas in the 
Year 1624 next preceeding* and in the 
Year 1626 next following the faid great 
Plague-yzzt 3 there died in the for- 
mer but 11, and in the later but 134 of 
the Plague. Moreover in the faid Year 
16253 the Plague decreafed from its ut- 
mod number 4461 a week 3 to below 
100O3 within fix weeks. 
n. The of 1636 laded 
twelve Years3 in eight whereof there 
died 2000 per annum one with another. and never under 8oo# The which foews* 
that the Contagion of the Plague depends 
more upon the Difpofition of the Jirjihan 
upon theEjffluvia from the bodies of men. 
12. Which alfo we prove by the 
ludden* jumps which the Plague hath 
made* leaping in one Week from u$ 
to 927* and back again from 993 to 258; 
2nd from thence again the very next 
Week to 852, The which Effects mud 
furely be rather attributed to change of 
the Aire* than of the Conftitution of 
Mens Bodies * otherwife than as this 
depends upon that. 
13, It may be alfo noted* That 
many times other Pejlilential Difeafes, 
2s Purple-FeDers, Small-pox* See. do 
fore-run the Plame a Year* two or 
three • for in 1622 there died but 8000 : in \6ih ucco: in 1624, about ncce: 
till in 1625 there died of allDifeales a* 
bove 54000. 
CHAP, V. 
Other Obf ?rVations upon the Plague, and 
Cafualties, 
,/rHe Decreafe and Increafe of Peo- 
ple., is to be reckoned chiefly by 
ChrijlningS; becaufe few bear Children 
in London but Inhabitants, though others 
die there. The Accompts of Cfoiften- 
ings Were well kept until differences in 
'Religion occafloned fome neglect there- 
in., although even thefe negle&s we mull; 
confefs to have been regular and pro- 
portionable. i, By the numbers and proportions 
of Chnfleniwzs therefore we obferW aS 
follovveth viz,. 
Firft, That when from tiecembey i$oi? 
to March following, there was little or Ho 
then the Chrijienings at a Mdfc- 
Urn were between 110 and 130 
kw'JVeeks being above the one, or be- 
low the other 3 but when from thence to 
T*lj the Plague incteafed, that then the 
thrijlenings decreafed to ilhder 90. 
Secondly, The Queftiori is, Whe- 
ther Teemitig-Wm'eri died, or fled* or 
mifcarried ? The latter at this time 
kerns mod probable, becaufe eveh in 
Ae faid fpace, between March andjtu- 
h a there died not above 20 per Wee ( 
°f the Plague • which fmali' number 
pould heiiM caiife thfc death or flight of fo many Women., as to alter the pro- 
portion \ part lower, 
3. Moreover * we obferve from the 21 
of July to the 12 of Ottob, the Plague in- 
creaflng reduced the Chrijlenings to 70 at 
a Medium,diminifhing the above propor- 
portion down to \ Now the eaufe of 
this muft be flying and deaths as well as 
Mifcarriages and Abortions; for there 
died within that time about 25000* 
wherof many were certainly Women with 
child: befldes the fright of fo many dying 
within fo fmall a time*might drive away 
fo many others, as tq eaufe this Effect. 
4. From December 1624 3 to the 
middle of 1625* there dyed not 
above five a week of the Plague * one 
with another. In this time the ChrP 
jm 
Jienings were one with another 180. The which decreafed gradually by the 
2 2 of September to 75* or from the pro- 
portion of 12 to which evidently 
Squares with our former Obfervation. 
5, The next Obfervation we toll offer 
lsithe time3 wherein the City hath been 
peopled after a great Plague • which 
Reaffirm to be by the fecond year. For 
the Chrijlenings which are our 
Standard in this were 84083 which 
11116243 next preceding the Plague-year 
*62$ [that had fwept away above 
5*cco) werebnt 8299- and the Cbriften- 
of 1626 (which were but 6701) 
Counted in one year to the faid 8408. 
6. Now the Caufe hereof 3 for-af- 
1Tluch as it cannot be a fupply • by Pro- 
bations ; Ergo3 it mud be by new Af- 
fluxes to London out of the Country. 7. We might fortifie this Aflertion 
by {hewing that before the Plague-year 
16033 the Chrijlefiings were about 6000* 
which were in that very year reduced to 
4789 3 but crept up the next year 1604 
to 54583 recovering their former ordi- 
nary proportion in 1605 of 6504., about 
which proportion it ftood till the year 
i6ib. 
8.1 fay it that let the Mor* 
tahty be what it WUI3 the City repairs 
its lofs of Inhabitants within two years; 
which Obfervation leflens the Objecti- 
on made againft the value of Houfes'ih 
London, as if they were liable to great 
prejudice through the lofs of Inhabitai ts 
by the ue0 CHAP. VI. 
Of the SickJineJs, Healtbfulnefs , and 
Fruitfulnefs of Seafonst 
*• fpoken of Casualties we 
come next to compare the Sick- 
Wfs, Healthfulnefs, and Fruitfulnefs 
°f the feveral years and Seafons one with 
Mother. And firft, having in the Chap- 
ters afore-going mentioned the feveral 
years of Plague, we {hall next prefent the 
%6ral other fickly years; we meaning 
by a Sickly Tear fuch wherein the Bun- 
*JS exceed thofe , both of the precedent 
ar4 fubfequenp years, and hot above 
tvvo hundred dying of the Plague, foj: 
fnch wp call Plague-Tears y and this 
4°* that the World may fee, by what fpaces and intervals we may here- 
after expert fuch times again. Now we 
may not call that a more fickly year* 
wherein more die* becaufe fuch excefs 
of Burials my proceed from increafe and 
acCefs of People to the City only. 
2. Such fickly years were 1618* 
*3* 24* 33, 34* 5^ 
54, 56,58* 61* as may be feenby the 
Tables. 
3. In reference to this Obfervatiori 
we (hall prefent another* namely* That 
the more fickly the years are, the lefs 
fecund or fruitful of Children alfo they 
be. Which will appear* if the number 
of Children born in the faid fickly years 
pe lefs than that of the years both next 
preceding and next following: all which* 
*pon view of the Tables* will be founH ttue, except in a very few Cafes, whcr6 
fometimes the precedent, and fome- 
times the fubfequent years vary a little, 
but never both together. 'Moreover, for 
the confirmation of this T ruth, we pre- 
foit you the year 1660, where the Bu* 
rials were fewer than either of the two 
next precedent years by 2000, and 
fewer than in the fubfequent by above 
4°oo. And withal, the number of ChrU 
filings in the faid year 1660 was far 
greater than in any of the three years 
next aforegoing. 
4. As to this year \66o , although 
would not be thought Superfluous 
yet it is not to be negledted, that ill the 
laid year was the Kings Reflauration to 
Empire over thefe three Nations, 
as God Almighty had caufed the kealthfalnefs and fruitfulnefs thereof to 
repair‘the Bluodfhed and Calamities fuf- 
fered in his abfence. I fay this conceit 
doth abundantly counterpoife theopini- 
ojtiof thpfe who think great Plagues come 
il>\vith Kings becaufe it hap- 
tied fo twin?, 'Viz,. Jnno 160 3 , and 16,255 
whereas as well the year 1648, wherein 
the prefpnt %ing commenced His Right 
to reign, as alfo the year i66oa whereiii 
He commenced the exercife of the fame, 
were both eminently healthful: which 
clears both Monarchy 5 and out prefent 
Kings Family3from what feditious men 
have furmifed againft them. 
5. The Difeafes which befide the 
Plague make years unhealthful in tbb 
are Sjwttcd-lcXn-s, Small-Pax, 
Pj>.fintary called by jfome The Plague 
4 in the Guts> and the unhealthful Seafon 
is the .Autumn, 
CHAP. VII. 
Of- the difference between Burials and 
Chnjlenings. 
J. "J'He next Obfervation is, That in 
the faid Bills there are far more 
Burials then Chriflenings. This is plain., 
depending only upon Arithmetical com- 
putation ; for in 40 years, from the year 
to the year 1644, exclufive of both 
yearsj there have been fet down (as hap- 
hing within the fame ground, fpace, or 
although differently numbred 
ar|d divided > 363935 Burials, and but 
*3°747 Chrifienims within the 97, \6y and io Out-pariilies ; thofe of Wejl- 
minjler , Lambeth , Newington , Rednjf 3 
Stepney3 Hackjiey, and Ijlingtony not being 
included. 
2. From this (ingle Obfervation it 
will follow3 Tnat London fhould have 
decreafed in its People ; the contrary 
whereof we fee by its daily increafe of 
Buildings upon new Foundations,and by 
the turning of great Palacious Houfes in- 
to fmall Tenements. It is therefore cen 
tain, that London is fupplied with people 
from out of the Country, whereby not 
only to fupply the overplus or difference 
of Burials above-mentioned, but likeu 
wife to increafe its Inhabitants, according 
to the faid increafe of houfmg. 
3. This fupplying of London feentf 
to be the rcafon, why Winchester, Lin' coln> and feveral other Cities* have de- 
creafed in their Buildings* and confe- 
quently in their Inhabitants. The fame 
maybe fufpeCted of many Towns in 
Comwal, and other places* which proba- 
bly *when they were firit allowed to fend 
Burge/Jes to the Parliament* were more 
populous than now * and bore another 
proportion to London than now; for feve- 
ral of thofe Burroughs fend two Burgejjes* 
Whereas London it felf fends but four, 
although it bears the fifteenth part of 
the charge of the whole Nation in all 
'Bubhckfraxes and Levies. 
4. But* if we confider what I have 
llpon exact inquiry found true, Tm#.’ 
"That in the Countrey, within ninety 
years* there have been 6339 Cbrifien- 
and but 5280 Burials * the in- creafe of London will be falved without 
inferring the decreafe of the People in 
the Country; and withal,in cafe all Eng- 
land, have but fourteen times more Peo- 
ple than London, it will appear, how the 
faid increafe of the Country, may in- 
creafe the People, both of London and it 
felf; for if there be in the 97,16,10, and 
7 Parifhes, ufually comprehended with- 
in our Bills, but 460000 Souls, as here- 
after we fhall (hew, then there are in all 
England and Wales 6440000 Perfons, out 
of which fubftradt 460000, for thofe 
in and about London, there remains 
5980000 in the Countrey, the which 
increafing about \ part in 40 years, as 
we fhall hereafter prove doth happen 
in the Country, the whole increafe of 
the Country will be about 854000 in the faid cime ; out of which number., 
if but above 250000 be fent up to 
London in 40 years, viz,, about 6000 
per Annum, the faid Mijjions will make 
good the alterations, which we finde 
to have been in and about London, be- 
tween the years 1623 and 1664 : But 
that 250000 will do the fame, I prove 
thus 3 viz,, in the 8 years, from 162; 
to 1631the Burials in all the Parifhes 5 
and of all Difeafes, the "Blague exclu- 
ded, were at a Medium 9750 fer Annum. 
And between 1659 and were i8ooo3 
the difference whereof is 8250, which 
is the Total of the increafe of the Bu- 
rials in 40 years, that is, about 206 per 
Annum. Now, to make the Burials in- 
Creafe 260 per Annumy there muft be ad- 
ded to the City 30 times as many tac- Cording to the proportion of 3 dying 
out of 11 Families) Dix*. 6180 Jtboen#, 
the which number multiplied again by 
the 40 years, makes the ProduB 247200, 
which is lefs than the 250000 above pro- 
pounded ; fo as there remains above 
600000 of increafe in the Country with- 
in the faid 40 years, either to render it 
more populous, or fend forth into other 
Colonies or Wars.But that England hath 
fourteen times more People, is not im- 
probable, for the Reafons following. 
1, London is obferved to bear a- 
bont the fifteenth proportion of the 
whole Tax. 
2. There is in England and Wales 
about 39000 fquare Miles of Laud, 
and we have computed, that in one of 
the wgreateil Parifhes in Hantjbire, be^ mg alfo aMarket*Town, and contain- 
ing twelve fquare Miles, there are 220 
Souls in every fquare Mile , out of 
which I abate ‘ for the over-plus ol peo- 
ple more in that Parifh, than in other 
Wild Counties. So as the \ parts of the 
laid 220, multiplied by the Total of 
fquare Miles, produces 6400000 Souls 
*n all England, London included. 
3. There are about 10000 Parishes 
in England and Wales, the which, al- 
though they fhould not coi taine the 
1 part of the Land, nor the ‘ of the 
People of that Country-Parifh, which 
We have examined, yet may be fuppo- 
fed to containe about 600 People, one 
With another : according to wrhich 
Account there will be fix Millions of 
People in the Nation. I might add, that there are In England and Wales, a- 
o 
bout five and twenty Millions of Acres 
at 161 Foot to the Perch; and if there be 
fix Millions of People, then there is a- 
bout four Acres for every head, which 
how well it agrees to the Rules of Plan- 
tation, I leave unto others, not only as a 
means to examine my Afiertion, but as 
an hint to their inquiry concerning the 
fundamental Trade, which is Husban- 
Husbandry and Plantation. 
4. Upon the whole matter we may 
therefore conclude, That the people of 
the whole Nation do increafe , and 
confequently the decreafe of Win- 
cbejler, Lincolne , and other like pla- 
ces, mud be attributed to other 
fons, than that of re-furnifhing London 
only. *>. We come to fhew* why although 
in the Country the Christenings exceed 
the BuraUy yet in London they do not. 
"The general reafon of this muft be* that 
*n London the proportion of thofe fubjedt 
to die, unto thofe capable of breeding, 
lsgreater than in the Country; That 
let there be an hundred Perfons in 
London, and as many in the Country; 
We fayj that* if there be fixty of them 
Breeders in London* there are more then 
fixty in the Country* or elfe we muft 
fay., that London is more unhealthful, 
°r that it inclines Men and Women 
fttore to Barrennefs * than the Country: 
which by comparing the Burials and 
Christenings of Hackney * Newington, 
and the other Country-Parifhes* with 
the moft Smokje* and Stinking parts of the City., is fcarce difcerrable in any 
confiderable degree. 
6. Now that the Breeders in Lon- 
don are proportionably fewer than thofe 
in the arifesfrom thefe Rea- 
fens* viz,. 
i. All that have bufmefs to the 
Court of the King., or to the Courts of 
Juftice3 and all Country-men coming 
up to bring Provifions to the City,, or 
to buy Forein Manufa- 
ctures and do for the mod part 
leave their wives in the Country. 
2. Perfons coming to live in London 
out of curiofity and pleafure, as alfo 
fuch as would retire and live privately* 
4o the fame, if they have any, 
3. Such as come up to be cured of Di- 
feafes do fcarce ufe their Wives pro tern- 
fore 4. That many Apprentices in London> 
whoarebound feven or nine years from 
marriage,do often (lay longer voluntarily. 
5. That many Sea-men of London,\cz\c 
their Wives behind them, who are more 
fubjctt to die in the abfence of their 
Husbands, than to breed either without 
men* or with the ufe of many promi- 
fcuouHy. 
6. As for unhealthinefs, it may 
Well be fuppofed that although fea- 
foned Bodies may and do live near as 
long in London, as elfewhere 3 yet new- 
comers and Children do not: for the 
1 
Smoaks, Stinks, and clofe Air, are lefs 
faithful then that of the Country 5 o- 
therwife why do fickly perfons remove 
into the Country? And why are 
ijhere more old men in Countries than in London, per rata} Ana although the 
difference in Hackney and Newington* a- 
bove-mentioned* be not very notorious* 
yet the reafon may be their vicinity to 
London, and that the Inhabitants are 
mod fuch whole Bodies have firft been 
impaired with the , before 
they withdraw thither, 
7. As to the caufes of Barrennefs 
in London, I fay that although there 
fhould be none extraordinary in the Na- 
tive Jiy of the place 5 yet the intem- 
perance in feedings and efpecially the 
Adulteries and Fornications,, fuppofed 
more frequent in London than elfwhere, 
do certainly hinder Breeding. For a 
Woman* admitting ten Men, is fo far 
from having ten times as many Chil- 
dren, that fhe hath none at all. 8. Add to this* that the minds of 
men in London are more thoughtful, and 
full of bufmefs * than in the Country 
where their work is corforal Labour and 
Exercife. All which promote Breeding 
whereas the Anxieties of the mind hin- 
der it. 
CHAP. VIII. 
Of the difference between the numbers of 
Alales and Females. 
THe next Obfervation is., That there 
be more Males than Females. 
i. There have been buried from the 
year 16283 to the year 1662, exclufive, 
2°9436 Males, and but 190474 Females: 
kut it will be objetted/That in London it may be indeed fo, chough otherwife elf- 
where; becaufe London is the great Stage 
and Shop of Bufmefs, wherein the Ma- 
sculine Sex bears the greateft part. But 
we Anfwer, That there hath been alfo 
Chnjlened within the fame time 139782 
Males, and but 130866 Females, and 
that the Country-Accounts are confo- 
nant enough to thofe of London upon this 
matter. 
3. What the caufes hereof are,wefhall 
not trouble our felves to conjecture, as 
in other cafes: only we fhall defire Tra- 
vellers would inquire, whether it be the 
fame in other Countries. 
4. We fhould have given an Account, 
how in every Age thefe proportions 
change here, but that we have Bills 
of distinction but for 3 2 years, fo that We (hall pafs from, hence to fome Infe- 
rences from this Conclufion; as 
I. That Chnflian 7{eligion, prohibit- 
ing Polygamy, is more agreeable to the 
Law of Nature, that is, the Law of God, 
than Mabumetif m, and others,, that al- 
low it: for one man his having many 
Women., or wives3 by Law3 fignifies no- 
thing, unlefs there were many women 
to one man in Nature alfo. 
II. The obvious Objection here- 
unto is, That one Horf Bully or T{am 
having each of them many Females, do 
Promote increafe. To which I Anfwer, 
That although perhaps there be natu- 
rally , even of thefe fpecies, more Males 
than Females , yet Artificially, that 
ls 3 bymaking Geldings, Oxen, and Wea- 
thers, there are fewer. From whence it will follow 3 that when by experience 
it is found how many Bws ( fuppofe 
twenty) one will ferve 3 we may 
know what proportion of Male-Lambs 
to caftrate or geld, viz,, nineteen, or 
thereabouts: for if you emafculate fewer 
J 
Tnr.butten., you fhall by promiscuous 
copulation of eachofthofe ten with two 
Females, hinder the increafe3 fo far as 
the admittance of two Males WAX do it: 
but if you caftrate none at all, it is high- 
ly probable, that every of the twenty 
Males copulating with every of the 
twenty Females 3 there will be little or 
no conception in any of them all. 
III. And this I take to be the 
trued Reafon* why Foxes, Wolves, and 
other Vemin-animals , that are not gelt, 
increase not fafter then Sin***, when as fo many thoufands of thefe are daily But* 
chered, and very few of the other die o- 
the-rwife than of themfeives. 
4. VVe have hitherto faid, -There 
are more Males than Females ; we fay 
fiextj That the one exceed the other by 
abo:it the thirteenth part. So that al- 
though more men die violent deaths than 
Women., that is* more atcjlain in Wns, 
hi led by Mifchance, droivned at Sea, and 
die by the Hand of Jufiice • moreover* 
tftore Men go to Colonies, and Travel 
to Forrein parts* than Women: and 
more remain unmarried than of 
Women, as Fellows of Colledges, and 
prentices above eighteen* &c. yet the 
faid thirteenth part difference bringeth 
the bufmefs but to fnch a pafs*that every 
Woman may have an Husband* with- out the allowance of Polygamy. 
5. Moreover, although a man be 
Trolifick fourty years, and a woman 
but five,and twenty* which makes the 
Males to be as 560 to 325 Females yet 
the caufes above-named* and the later 
marriage of the men reduce all /to an e- 
quality,.. 
6. It appearing* that there were four- 
teen Men to thirteen Women* and that ' 
they die in the fame proportion alfo • yet 
I have heard Phyficians fay, that they 
have two Women Patients to one Man* 
which Aftertion feems very likely • fof 
that Women have either the Green* 
fcknejsy or other like Diftempers * arc 
Tick of Breedings Abortions, Child-bearing) 
Sore-breajls, Whites * Objlrutlions* Fits of 
the Motherj and the like. % No w from this it fhould follow, 
that more Women fhould die than 
Men, if the number of Burials anfwered 
in proportion to that of SickneiTes : 
but this muft be falved either by the 
alleging, that the Thyficians cure thofe 
SickneiTes, fo as few more die than if 
none were Tick 5 or elfe that Men, being 
more intemperate than women, die as 
much by reafon of their Vices, as wo- 
men do by the Infirmity of their Sex; 
and cdlifequently more Males being born 
than Females, more alfo die. 
8. In the year 1642 many Males 
Went out of London into the wars then 
beginning, infomuch, as I expected in- 
the fucceeding year 1643 to have 
found the Burials of Females to have 
exceeded thofe of Males, but no altera- tion appeared • forafmuch, as I fuppofe, 
Trading continuing the fame in London, 
all thofe, who loft their Apprentices, had 
others out of the Country; and if any 
left their Trades and Shops, that others 
forthwith fucceeded them: for, if im- 
ployment for hands remain the fame, no 
doubt bat the number of them could not 
long continue in difproportion. 
9. Another pregnant Argument to 
the fame purpofe [which hath already 
been toucned on] is, That although in 
the very year of the Plague the Ckri- 
Jlenings decreafed* by the dying and 
flying of Teeming Women, yet the very 
next year after they increafed fome- 
what, but the fecond after to as full 
a number, as in the fecond year before 
the faid Plague: for I fay again, if taere be encouragement for an hundred 
in London, that is., a Way how an hun- 
dred may live better than in the Coun- 
try., and if there be void Houfing there 
to receive them 3 the evacuating of a 
fourth or third part of that number, 
mull foon be fupplied out of the Coun- 
try ; fo as the great Plague doth not lef- 
fen the Inhabitants of the City/ but of 
the Country3 who in a fhort time re- 
move themfelves from thence fo 
long, until the City., for want of receit 
a’nd encouragement 3 regurgitates and 
%ds them back. 
io. From the difference between 
Stales and Females, we fee the reafon 
°f making Eunuchs in thofe places where 
Polygamy is allowed, the later being ufe- 
lefs as to Multiplication 3 without the former as was faid before in cafe of Sheep 
and other Animals ufually gelt in thefe 
Countries. 
11. By confequence, this practice of 
Cajlration ferves as well to promote in- 
creafe , as to meliorate the Fleffi of thofe 
Beads that fuffer it. For that Operation 
is equally pradtifed upon Hor ft?s, which 
are not uled for food, as upon thofe that 
are. 
12. In Popifb Countries, where Toly- 
gamy is forbidden, if a greater number 
of Males oblige themfelves t 
than the natural over-plus, or difference 
between them and Females , amounts 
unto • then multiplication is hindred: 
for if there be eight men to ten women, 
all of which eight men are married to 
eight of the ten women, then the other two bear no Children, as either admit- 
ting no man at all 3 or elfe admitting 
tnen as whores (that is more than one •) 
Which commonly procreates no more 
than if none at all had been ufed: or elfe 
fnch unlawful Copulations beget Con- 
ceptions 3 bat to frustrate them by pro- 
cured or fecret Murthers ; 
all which returns to the fame reckon- 
*ng. Now if the fame proportion of 
Women oblige themfeives to a fingle life 
likewife 3 then fuch obligation makes 
no change in this matter of increafe. 
13. From what hath been faid ap- 
pears the reafoiij why the Law is and 
ought to be fo drift againft Fornicati- 
ons & Adulteries: for3if there were uni- 
verfal liberty 3 the Increafe of Man-kjnd 
Would be but like that of Foxes at bed. 14. Nowforafmuch as Princes are 
not only Powerful, but Rich, according 
to the number of their people ( Hands 
being the Father, as Lands are the Mo- 
ther and Womb of Wealth; it is no 
wonder why States, by encouraging 
Marriage, and hindring Licentioufnefs, 
advance their own Interest, as well as 
preferve the Laws of God from con- 
tempt and violation. 
15. It is a Blefling to Mankind, 
that by this over-plus of Males , there 
is this natural Bar to Tolygamy : for 
in fuch a (date Women could not live 
in that parity and equality of expenfe 
with their Husbands, as now, and here 
they do. 
16. The reafon whereof is, not, 
that the Husband cannot maintain as Splendidly three-, as one; for he might 
having three wives* live himfelf upon a 
quarter of his Income* that is, in a pa- 
rity with all three* as well as having but 
one* live in the fame parity at half with 
her alone: but rather* becaufe that to 
keep them all quiet with each other, 
and himfelf* he muft keep them all in 
greater aw, and lefs fpendour; which 
power he having* he will probably ufe it 
to keep them all as low as he pleafes* 
and at no more coft than makes for his 
own pleafure; the pooreft Subjects 
(fuch as this plurality of Wives muft 
he ) being moft eafily governed. CHAP. IX, 
Of the growth of the City. 
» 
,JN the year 1593 there died in the 
ninety feven Parifhes within the 
Walls, and the fix teen without the walls 
(befides 421 of the Plague ) 3508. And 
the next year befides 29 of the 
Plague : in both years 6986. Twenty 
years after there dyed in the fame ninety 
feven and fixteen Parifhes 5 121 10, viz,, 
'jfnno 16143 5873 3 and Anno 1615* 6237: 
fo as the faid parifhes are increafed, in 
the faid time, from feven to twelve, or 
very near thereabouts. 
2. Moreover, the Burials within the 
like fpace of the next twenty years, viz,. 
Anno i6i\ and i^353 were 15625 , viz,, as 
about twenty four to thirty one: the which laft of the three numbers,, 15625, 
is much more then double to the firft 
6986; viz,, the faid Parifhes have in 
fourty years increafed from twenty three 
to fifty two. 
3. Where is to be noted,, that although 
We were neceffitated to compound the 
•faid ninety feven with the fixteen Pari- 
fhes„yet the fixteen Parifhes have increa- 
fed falter than the ninety feven. For, in 
the year 1620, there died within the 
Walls 263 and in 1660 there died but 
3098 ( both years being clear of the 
Plague:) fo as in this fourty years the 
faid ninety feven Parifhes have increafed 
but from nine to ten, or thereabouts,, be- 
caufe the Houfing of the faid ninety 
feven Parifhes could be no otherwife 
*ncreafed, than by .turning great Houfes into Tenements 3 and building upon a 
few Gardens. 
4. In the year 1604 there died in the 
ninety feven Parifhes 1518., and of the 
Plague 280, And in the year 3098., 
and none of the Plagne • fo as in fifty fix 
years the faid Parifhes have doubled. 
Where note., That forafmuch as in the 
faid year 1604 was the very next year 
after the great Plague 1603 (when the 
City was not yet re-peopledj we fhali 
rather make the comparifon between 
2014, which died jtmo 1605, and 343\ 
jinno \6 59; choofing rather f rom hence 
to aflert 3 That the faid ninety feven 
and fixteen Parifhes increafed from 
twenty to thirty four 3 or from ten 
tofeventeen in fifty four years than 
from one to two in fifty fix D as in the tad aforegoing Paragraph is fet down.” 
5. Anno there died in the fix- 
teen Out-parifhes 2974, and Anno 1659, 
6988 • fo as in the fifty four years the 
faid Parifhes have increafed from three 
to feven. 
6. Anno 1605 there died in the eight 
Out-parifhes 960., Anno 16 59 there died 
the fame fcope of Ground, although 
called now ten Parifhes (the Savoy and 
CoVent-Garden being added ) 4301: fo 
3s the faid Parifhes have increafed 5 
Within the faid fifty four years more than 
Wn one to four. 
7. Moreover* there was Buried in 
. * > 
3U}Anno 16053 5948, and Anno 1659, 
*47 203 about two to five. 
8. Having fet down the proporti- 
*?ns .> wherein we find the three great Pivifioiis of the whole pyle, called Lon* 
don to have increafed ; we come next to 
fhew what particular Parifhes have had 
the mold remarkable fhare in thefe Aug- 
mentations. Viz,, of the ninety (even pa- 
rifhes within the walls the increafe is 
notdifceniabie*but where great Houfes* 
formerly belonging to Noblemen* be- 
fore they built others near White-Hall, 
have been turned into Tenements; upon 
which account Mhallows upon the Wall 
is increafed upon the converfion of the 
Marquefsof Winchester s Houfe, lately 
the Spamjh Emba'Iadour’s* into a nevV 
Street; the like of Alderman Free- 
mans and La Matte s near the Exchange ] 
the like of the Earl of Arundel's in Loth' 
bury; the like of the Bifhop of London s 
the Dean of St. Waul s * and the  s Houfe now in hand ; as alfo 
of the Duke s-Tlace, and others here- 
tofore. > ' ll 
9. Ofthefixteen parifhes next with- 
out the walls ? Saint Giles Crifle-gate 
hath been mod inlarged * next to that 
St. Olaroes Southwark& then St* Andrew’s- 
Uolbom, then Whitechapel difference 
in the reft not being confiderable. • 
10. Of the Out-parifhes, now called 
ten/ormerly nine* and before that eight, 
Saint Giles' s and Saint Martins in the 
fields are mod increafed., notwithftand- 
ing Saint ‘Tauls Cogent-Garden was ta- 
hen out of them both. 
11. The generall 
aftfes from hence3 is, That the City of 
Condon gradually removes Wejlward, 
and did not the %oyal Exchange and London-Bridg itay the Trade* it would 
remove much falter: Leaden-Hall-jtreet, 
Bijhops-Gate* and part of Fan-Church- 
fireet5 have lolt their Autient Trade ; 
Grace-Church-jlreet3 indeed keeping it felf 
yet entire, by reafon of its conjun- 
ction with and relation to London- 
Bridge. 
u 
12. Again* Caming-Jireet and Watlin- 
ftreet have lolt their T rade of Woollen- 
Drapery to Paul s Churc!rTardy Ludgate' 
hill3 and h leet~firect : the Mercery is gone 
fromout of Lumhard-jheet and Cheap-Jide 
into Pater-Nojler-'l\ow and Fleet~{lreet. 
13* The reafons whereof are* That 
the King’s Court ( in old times fre- 
quently kept in the City) is now al- 
waiesat Wejlminfter. Secondly* theufe 
of whereunto the narrovV Streets of the old City are unfit 3 hath 
caufed the building of thofe broader 
Streets in CoVent-iarden.Scc. 
o 
14. Thirdly., where the Confumpti~ 
°n of Commodity., is5 viz,, among the 
Gentry., the Venders of the fame muft 
feat themfelves. 
15. Fourthly., the cramming up of 
die void fpaces and Gardens within 
the Walls with Houfes3 to the prejudice 
°f Livbt and Jir3 have made men build 
l]ew onesj where they lefs fear thofe in- 
conveniencies. 
16. Conformity in Building to o- 
ther civil Nations hath difpofed us to let 
°Hr old wooden dark Houfes fall to de- 
Cay, and to build new onesa whereby to 
all the ends above mentioned. 
17. Vhere note., That when hud-gate was the only Weflcm Gate .of the City; 
little Building was Wejhvard thereof; 
but, when Bolhom began to increafc, 
New-gate was made. But now both theft 
Gates are not fufficient for the Corm 
munication between the Walled City* 
and its enlarged Weflem Suburbs , as 
daily appears by the intolerable (fops 
and embareffes of Coaches near bod1 
thefe Gates, efpecially Lud-gate. 
CHAP. X. 
Of the Inequality of Parijhes. 
x* gEfore we pafs from hence y 
fhall offer to confideratio11 
the Inequality of Parifhes in and abotfc 
London P evident in the proportion  refpedtive Burials 3 for in the fame 
year were buried in Cripple-gate Pariflh 
**91, that bnt twelve died in Trinity- 
■hiinoneSy Saint Saviour $ Southwards and 
Boto/pb’s Bi(bops-gate, being of the mid- 
dle fize, as burying five and 6co per An- 
num : fo that Cripple-gate is an hundred 
tunes as big as the Minories , and 200 
times as big as SamtJvhnthcEDmgehJl’s, 
St.MaryCoabCburcb? St.Bennet s-Grace~ 
Church , St. Matthew-Fryday-jlreet , and 
feme others within the City, 
2* Hence may arife this Queftion,1 
Wherefore fhould this Inequality be 
Continued ? If it be Anfwered, Be- 
caufe that Pajlours of all forts, and 
ti2es of Abilities, ’may have Benefices,, 
man according to his merit: we 
Anfwer, That a two hundredth part of the beft Tarfons learning is fcarce e- 
ough for a Sexton. But befides, there 
feems no reafon of any difference at all* 
it being as much Science to fave one 
fingle SouU as one thoufand. 
3. V Ve incline therefore to think the 
Parifhes fhouldbe equal or near,becaufe 
in the Reformed Religions, the principal 
ufe of Churches is to Preach in: now the 
bignefs of fuch a Church ought to be no 
greater, than that unto which the voice 
of a Preacher of middling Lungs will 
eafily extend; I fay eafily, becaufe they 
fpeak an hour or more together. 
4. The ufe of fuch large Churches, 
as Pauhy is now wholly loft, we ha- 
ving no need of faying perhaps fifty 
Majfes all at one time; nor of making 
thofe grand Procejjms frequent in the Romijb Church ; nor is the fhape of our 
Cathedraly proper at all for our Preach- 
ing Auditories, but rather the Figure 
of an Amphi-Theatre with Galleries.* 
gradually over-looking each other : for 
unto this Condition the Parifh-Chur- 
ches of London are driving apace* as ap- 
pears by the many Galleries every day 
built in them. 
5. Moreover* if Parifhes were 
brought to the fize of Coalman-flreet y 
Alhallows-Barkzng, Chrifl-Church, Blacky 
Lners, &c. in each whereof* die be- 
tween 100 and 150 per Annum, then an 
hundred Parifhes would be a fit and e- 
qual Divifion of this great Charge* and 
all the MiniJlers({ome whereof have now 
fcarce fourty pouds per Annum,) might 
obtain a fubfiftence. 6. Andlaftly* The Church-Wardens 
and Overfeers of the Poor, might finde 
it poffible to difcharge their Duties, 
whereas now in the greater Out-Pari- 
fhes3 .many of the poorer Pariftuoners 
through negleft do perifh, and many vi- 
cious perfons get liberty to live as they 
pleafe, for want of forne heedful Eye 
to overlook them. 
CHAP. XL 
Of the Number of Inhabitants. 
I Have been feveral times in compa- 
ny with Men of great Experience 
in this City, and have heard them talke 
feldome under Millions of People to be 
in London; all which I was apt enough to believe., until on a certain day., one of 
eminent Reputation was upon occafion 
aflerting, That there was in the year 1661 
two Millions of People more than jfnno 
*625 berore the great Plague. I mud con< 
fefs 3 that until thisprovocation? I had been 
lighted with that mifunderdopd Exam- 
ple of David fiom attempting any compu- 
tation of the people of this populous place; 
but hereupon I both examined the law- 
fulnefs of making fuch Inquiries, and, 
being fatlsfied thereof, went about the 
Work it felf in this manner : viz 
2. Fird, I imagined, That, if the 
Conjecture of the worthy perfon afore- 
mentioned had any truth in it, there 
mufl; needs be about fix or feven Mil- 
lions of people in London now ; but, 
repairing to my Bills, I found, that not above 15000 per Annum were buried : 
and confequently, that not above one in 
four hundred mu ft die per Annum, if the 
Tocal were but fix Millions. 
3. Next confidering, That it is e- 
fteemed an even lay, whether any man 
lives ten years longer., I fuppofed it was 
the fame,, that one of any ten might die 
within one year. But when I confider- 
edj, that of the 15000 afore mentioned, 
about 5000 we re .Abortive and Stillborn, 
or died of Teeth, Convulsion, Rickets, or as 
Infants, andChry[oms, and Aged; Icon- 
eluded, that Men and Women, be- 
tween ten and lixty, there lcarce died 
ioooo per Annum in London, which num- 
ber being multiplied by 10, there mull 
be but iccoo in all, that is not the \0 
part of what the Alderman imagined. Thefe were but fudden thoughts on 
fides , and both far from truths I 
thereupon endeavoured to get a little 
Hearer, thus : viz,. 
I confidered, that the number of 
Child-bearing Women might be about 
double to the Births: forafmuch as.fuch 
Women, one with another, havefcarce 
ftiore then one Child in two years. The 
Humber of Births I found., by thofe years 
Wherein the were well kept, 
to have been fomewhat lefs than the Bu- 
nds, The Burials in thefe late years at 
Medium are about 13000, and confe- 
tjuently the Chriflenings not above 12000. 
1 therefore efleemed the number of 
Teeming-Women to be 24000: then I ima- 
gined, that there might be twice as ma- 
ny Families, as of fuch Women; for that there might be twice as many 
Women between 16 and 7 6, as 
between 16 and 40, or between 20 and 
44* and that there were about eight Per- 
fons in a Family one with another, viz,. 
the Man and his Wife, three Children 
and three Servants or Lodgers: now 8 
times 48000 makes 334000. 
5, Secondly I find by telling the 
number of Families in fome Parifhes 
within the walls, that 3 out of 11 Fami- 
lies per annum have died: wherefore., 
13000 having died in the whole, it Ihould 
follow there were 48000 Families accor- 
ding to the laft mentioned Acccount. 
6. Thirdly, the Account, which I 
made of the Trained-Bands 3 and Juxili- 
<*ry-Souldiers doth enough juftifie this' 
Account, 7. Andlaftly* 1 took the Map of 
London fet out in the year 16 58 by 
T\icbard Newcourt, drawn by a Scale of 
Yards. Now I gheQed that in ico Yards 
fquare there might be about 54 Families* 
fuppofing every Houfe to be 20 foot in 
the front: for on two fides of the fquare 
there will be 100 Yards of Houfmg in 
each* and in the two other fides 80 each; 
in all 360 Yards: that is, 54 Families in 
each fquare* of which there be 220 
Within the walls* making in all 11880 
Families within the Walk Butfor- 
afoiuch as there die within the walls 
ahout 32000 per Annum*and in the whole 
*scoo; it follows* that the Honfing 
Within the walls is * part of the whole5 
and consequently that there are 47520 
Families in and about London 5 which agrees well enough with all my forme* 
computations: theworft whereof doth 
fufficiently demonftrate, that thereat 
not two Millions of People in London, 
which neverthelefs moll men do believe? 
as they do, that there be three Women 
for one Man* whereas there are fourteen 
Men for thirteen women* as elfwhetf 
hath been faid. 
8. We have ( though perhaps too 
much at Random) determined th* 
number of the Inhabitants of London to 
be about 384000: the which being gram 
ted, we affert* that 199112 are Males, 
and 184886 Females. 
9. Whereas we have found* that of 
100 quick Conceptions about 3 6 of then1 
die before they be fix years old* and that 
perhaps but one furviveth 76 3 we ha- ving feven Decads between fix and 76, 
'Ve fought fix mean proportional num- 
bers between 64, the remainder, living 
fix years, and the one, which furvives 
76, and find, that the numbers following 
a*e practically near enough to the truth; 
W men do not die in exaCt proporti- 
°n. nor in Fractions, from whence arifes 
this Table following. 
Of an hun- 
dred there dies 
within the firfl: 
* fix years 36 
The nex 
or Decad 24 
The 2* Decad 15 
The third Be- 
cad 9 
The fourth 6 
The next q 
The next 3 
The next 2 
The next % 
io. From whence it follows * that 
the faid ioo conceived there remain 
alive at fix years end 64. At 16 years end 40 
At twenty fix 25 
At thirty fix 16 
At fourty fix 10 
At fifty fix: • i 
At fixty 
At feventy fix 5 
At eighty o 
11. It follows alfo, That of all whic& 
have been conceived, there are now ay 
live 40 perCent. above fixteen years old, 
2 5 above twenty fix years old, & fic de' 
incefSy as in the above-Table. There 
are therefore of Aged between 16 and 
the number of 403 lefs by fix, viz,. i4[ 
of between 26 and 66 the number ot 
25, lefs by three, 22: & fic dein- 
ceps. 
Where fore fuppofing there be 199112 
Malesy and the number between 16 and 
56 being 34 3 it follows there are 34 
of all thofe Males fighting men ifl 
Londony that is 67694, viz,, near 70cc£> the truth whereof I leave to exami- 
nation, only the *sof 67594, viz>. 13539, 
is to be added for Wejlmwjler, Stepney* 
Lambeth„ and the other diftant Parilhcsj 
making in all 8123 3 fighting Men. 
* 12. The next inquiry will be* In how 
long time the City of London (hall by 
the ordinary proportion of Breeding 
and dying, double its breeding People? 
I anfwer, In about feven years,and 
fjPlagues confideredeight. Wherefore, 
fince there be 24000 pair of Breeders, 
that is \ of the whole, it follows that 
m eight times eight years the whole 
People of the City fhall double, with- 
out the accefs ofForeiners: the which 
Contradicts not our Account of its 
growing from two to five in 56 years 
Vvith Inch acceffes. 13. According to this proportion * 
one couple, viz,. Adam and Eve, dou- 
bling themfelves every 64 years of the 
k6\o years , which is the Age of the 
world according to the Scriptures , fhall 
produce far more People than are 110W 
in it. Wherefore the world is not above 
ioothoufand years old., as fome vainly 
imagine, nor above what the Scripture 
makes it. 
CHAP. XII. 
Of the Country Bills. 
TT7E have for the prefect, done 
with our Obfervations upon 
the Accounts of Burials and Cbriften- 
ings in and about London ; we (hall 
next prefent the Accounts of both Bu- 
rials3ChriJlenings, and alfo of Weddings in the Country., having to that purpofe 
inferted Tables of 90 years for a cer- 
tain parifh in Hantfbire, being a place 
neither famous for Longevity and Health- 
falnejs, nor for the contrary. Upon 
tyhich Tables we obferve, 
1. That every Wedding, one with an- 
other, produces four Children,and con- 
sequently that that is the proportion of 
Children which any Marriageable'Man 
°r Woman may be prefumed fhall have. 
though a man may be Married 
than once, yet, being once Mar- 
I|ed, he may die without any Iffue at all.' 
2. That in this Parifh there were 
°m 15 Females for 16 Males, where- 
as in London there were 13 f°r I4> 
fhews, that London is fomewhat 
apt to produce Males than the Countrie. And it is poffible3 that in 
fome other places there are more Fe* 
males born than Males : which,, upon 
this variation of proportion; I again 
recommend to the examination of the 
curious. 
3. That in the faid whole 90 Year* 
the Burials of the Males and Females 
were exactly equals and that in feveral 
Decads they differed not fx0O part; That 
in one of the two Vecads, wherein the 
difference was very were 
Buried of Males 3 and of Females but 
viz*. 53 and in the O' 
ther there died contrariwife 338 Males, 
and 386 Females? differing 46. 
4. There arc a\(o Decads y where the 
Birth of Males and Females differ verj) 
much, T>iz>, about 60, \. j. That in the faid 90 years there 
have been born more than buried in the 
laid Parifh [the which, both 90 years a- 
§0., and alfo now3confifted of about 3700 
Souls) but 1059* not 12 fer Annum 
°ne year with another. 
6. That thefe 1059 have in all pro- 
bability contributed to the increafe of 
London; fmce3 as was faid even now3 it 
neither appears by the Burials, Cbri- 
ficnings, or by the built of new-houfing, 
that the faid Parifh is more populous 
now3 than 90 years ago., by above two or 
3oo Souls. N0W3 if all other places fend 
about 3 of their increafe., about one 
°utof 900 of their Inhabitants Jnnmlly 
London, and that there be 14 times as 
toany People in England as there be in 
London (for which we have given feme Reafons] then London increafes by fuch 
J<faen& every year above 6oco: the 
which will make the Account of Burials 
to fwell about 200 fer y and will 
artfwer the increafes we obferve. It b 
clear., that thefaidParifh isincreafed Z' 
bout 300, and it is probable that three 
or four hundred more went to London \ 
and it is known, That about 400 went to 
'Nevir-Inglandjhe NeiV' 
foundAand thefe lafl fourty years. 
7. According to the Medium of the 
faid whole 90 years, there have been five 
Cbrijlemngs tor four Burials3 although il1 
fome {ingle Tears and Decads there have 
been three to two5 although fometim# 
[though more rarelyJ the Burials have 
exceeded the Births * as in the cafe of 
Epidemical Difeafes. 8. Oar former Obfervation, That 
healthful years are alfo the mod fruit- 
ful, is much confirmed by our Country 
Accounts 3 for, 70 being our Standard 
tar Births, and <>8 for Burials, you fhal[ 
hud,that where fewer than 58 died,more 
than 70 were born. Having given you a 
W indances thereof, I (hall remit you 
to the Tables for the general proof of 
this Aflertion: Viz>. Anno 1633, when 
103 were born, there died but 29. Now 
til none of the whole 90 years, more 
Were born than 103, and but in one 
tewer than 29 died, TM&. 28 Anno 1658. 
Again, Anno 1568,, when 93 were born, 
W 42 died. Anno 1584, when 90 were 
horn, but 41 died. Anno \6$o, when 86 
Were born, but $ 2 died. So that by 
how much more are born, by fo much (as it were) the fewer die. For when 103 
were born, but 29 died: but when but 
86 were born3 then 52 died. 
On the other fide., Anno 16 when 
i)6 died Annum, which was the 
greateff year of Mortality 3 then leffe 
than the meer Standard 70. viz,. but 
665 were born. Again 16445 
when 137 died,, but 59 were born. Anno 
11975 when 117 died, but 48 were born. 
And Anno when 87 died* but 59 
were born. 
A little Irregularity may be found 
herein,, as that Anno 1612., when 116 
died (viz,. a number double to our 
Standard 58., yet) 87 (viz,. 17 above the 
Standard 79) were born. And that 
when 89 died, 7 5 were born: but thele 
differences are not fo great3nor fo often* 3s to evert our Rule, which, befides the 
Authority of thefe Accounts, is proba- 
te in it felf. 
9. Of all the (aid 90 years, the year 
was the moll Mortal • I therefore 
Squired, whether the ‘Plague was then 
that Parifh, and having good fatis- 
that it was not (which I the ra- 
ther believe, becaufe that the Plague was 
llot then confiderable at London) but 
that it was a Malignant Fever, raging 
fiercely about Harvefl, that there ap- 
peared fcarce hands enough to take in 
the Corn: which argues, confidering 
there were parishioners, that fe- 
ven might be fick for one that died; 
whereas of the Plague more die than re- 
cover. Lailly, thefe people lay longer 
fick than is ufual in the Plague, nor was there any mention of Sores i Swellings 9 
TMue-TokenSt&c. among them. It fol- 
lows, that the proportion between the 
oreatejl and the leajl Mortalities in the 
Country are far greater than at London: 
Forafmuch as the greateft 156 is above 
quintuple unto 28 the leaft3 whereas in 
London [the ‘Tlague as here it 
hath been] the number of Burials upon 
other Accounts within no Decad of years 
hath been whereas in the Coun- 
try it hath been quintuple, not onely 
within the whole ninety years 3 but 
alfo within the fame Decad : for An* 
no 163; there died but 29 3 and Anno 
1538 the above-mentioned number of 
156. Moreover., as in N* 
in no Decad, the Burials of one year 
are double to thole of another: fo in me Country they are feldom not more 
than fo • as by this Table appears. 
Decad 
greateil 
lead 
number of Burials 
* 4 
a——' 
i>7 
—;jy 
i 
—117 
113y 
nA. 
4° 
> 
'— 51 
w —■ 1 
J 
4 
55 
9' 
—1 J7 
, m 
- 28 
VVhichfhewSj thacthe opener and 
freer Airs are moll fubjedt both to the 
good and bad Impreffions., and that the 
Fumesy Stearns and Stenches of London do 
fo medicate and impregnate the jfir a- 
bout ity that it becomes capable of little 
as if the faid Fumes rifing out of 
London met with* oppofed and jnftled Backwards the Influences failing from 
above* or refilled the Incurflon of the 
Country 
10. In the laft Paragraph vve faid3that 
the Burials in the Country were fome- 
time quintuple to one another* but of 
the Chriftenings we affirm* that within 
the fame Dec ad they are feldorn double* 
as appears by this Table* viz,. 
T)ecad 
greatelt lead 
. number of Births, 
9 o —4 5 
3 
—•*~171 52 
j 
<5-— 
1 —■— ■— oi 
J 
8 
9 Now although the difproportions of 
Births be not fo great as that of 
yet thefe difproportions are far greater 
than at London: for let it be (hewn in a- 
fiyofthe London Bills, that within two 
years the Chnjlenings have decreafed 
or increafed doublets they did 584, 
When 90 were bora, and 1586, wherein 
Were but 45: or to rife from 52, as Anno 
*593,to as in the next year 1594. Now 
thefe difproportions both in Births and 
Burials confirm wliat hath been before 
Verted. That Healtbfulnefs and Fruit- 
fvlnefs go together5 as they would not, 
Were there not difproportions in both, 
although proportional. 
11. By the Standard of Burials in 
this Parifh I thought to have compu- 
ted the number of Inhabitants in it, Vt&. by multiplying 58 by* 4, which 
made the Produtt 232, the number of 
Families. Hereupon I wondred that a 
Parifh containing a large Market Town, 
and 12 Miles compafs, fhould have but 
232 Houfes; I then multiplyed 232 
by 8, the ‘Product whereof was 1856* 
thereby hoping to have had the number 
of the Inhabitants, as I had for London: 
but when upon inquiry, I found there 
had been 2100 Communicants in that 
Parilh in the time of a Minifter, who 
forced too many into that Ordinance* 
and that 1500 was the ordinary number 
of Communicants in all times 3 I found 
alfo that for afmuch as there were neer 
as many under 16 years old, as there 
are above, viz*. Communicants, I con- 
eluded, that there muft be about 2700 or 2800 Souls in that Parifh : from 
whence it follows, that little more than 
one of jodies, in the Country, whereas 
London it feems manifest that about 
one in 32 dies, over and above what dies, 
of the Plaji ue, 
12. It follows therefore from hence, 
what I more faintly aflerted in the for- 
mer Chapter,That the Country is more 
healthful than the City 3 that is to fay, 
although men die more regularly,& lefs 
ter jaltum in London, than in the Coun- 
upon the whole matter, there 
die fewer per rata 3 fo as the 
Steams, & Stenches above-mentioned, 
although they make the Air of London 
*Oore equal, yet not more Healthful, 
13, When I confider, That in the 
Country feventy are Born for fifty eight Buried, and that before the year 1600 
the like happened in London, I coriider- 
ed, whether a City, as it becomes more 
populous, doth not for that very caufe, 
become more unhealthful: and inclined 
to believe: that London is more unhealth- 
ful than heretofore; partly for that it is 
more populous, but chiefly becaufe I 
have heard, that fixty years agoe fevV 
were burnt in London, which 
are now univerfally ufed. For I have 
heard, that Newcajlle is more unhealth- 
ful than other places, and that many 
People cannot endure the fmoack of 
London, not only for its unpleafant- 
nffs, but for the fuftocations which it 
caufes. 
14, Suppofe, that Anno 1569 there 
were 2400 Souls in that Parifh, and that they increafed by the Births 70, ex- 
Ceding the Burials it will 
that thefaid 2400 cannot double under 
200. NoWj if London be lefs healthful 
than the Country., as certainly it is., the 
Blague being reckoned in* it follows that 
London mull be doubling it felf by gene- 
ration in much above 200 : but if it hath 
increafed from 2 to 5 in 54, as aforefaid, 
the fame muft be by reafon oftranfplan* 
tation out of the Country. 
The Conclufionm 
IT may be now asked, To what pur- 
pofe tends all this laborious buflling 
To know, 
i. The number of the People ? 2. How many Males and Females ? 
3. How many Married and Single ? 
4. How many Teeming Women ? 
5. How many of every oi 
Decad of years in *Age ? 
6. How many Fighting Men ? 
7. How much London is., and by 
what fteps it hath increafed ? 
8. In what time the Howling is re- 
plenifhed after the Plague ? 
9. What proportion8 die of each 
general and particular CaJuaF 
tics ? 
10. What Years are Fruitful and 
Mortal, and in what Spaces and 
Intervals they follow each other? 
11. In what proportion Men negle$ 
the Orders of the Church, and 
& efts bav e increafed ? 12. The difproportion of Part- 
files ? 
13. Why the Burials in London 
ceed the Chrifleningt when the 
contrary is vifible in the Coun- 
a 
try ? 
To this I might anfwer in general*1 
by faying, that thofe, who cannot ap- 
prehend the Reafon of thefe Inquiries* 
are unfit to trouble themfelves to aske 
them. 
2. I might Anfwer by asking, Why 
fa many have fpent their times and fi- 
xates about the Art of making Gold? 
Vvhich, if it were much known* would 
°ne[y exalt Silver into the place which 
Qold now poffeffeth; and if it were 
fa-own but to fome one Perfon, the fame 
fingle Jdevtus could not, nay, durft not enjoy it, but muftbe either a Prifonet 
to fome Prince, or Slave to fome Vo- 
luptuary, or elfe skulk obfcurely up 
and down for his privacy and conceal- 
ment. 
3. I might Anfwer, That there i$ 
much pleafure in deducing fo many ab- 
ftrufe and unexpected inferences out of 
thefe poor defpifed Bills of Mortality j 
and in Building upon that ground, which 
hath lain wafte thefe fixty years. AiW 
there is pleafure in doing fomething nevV* 
though never fo little, without pellet- 
ing the World with Voluminous Trail' 
fcriptions. 
4. But I Anfwer more ferioufly by 
complaining, That whereas the Art of 
Governing, and the true Politicks, ifr 
how to prelerve the Subject in Peace and Plenty, that men ftndy onely that part 
of it which teacheth how to fupplant 
And over-reach one another, and how 
y . > 
not by faire out - running, but by trip- 
ping up each others heels , to win the 
iMze* 
Now, the Foundation or Elements 
°f this honeft harmlefle Polity is to 
underftand the Land, and the hands 
°f the Territory, to be governed ac- 
cording to all their intrinfick and 
Accidental differences: As for ex- 
Arnple 5 It were good to know the 
Geometrical Content, Figure, and Si- 
Nation of all the Lands of a King- 
efpecially according to its moft 
llAtural, permanent, and confpicuous 
bounds. It were good to know hovv 
Hay an Acre of every fort of Meadow will bear 3 how many Cattle 
the fame weight of each fort of Hay 
will feed and fatten; what quantity ox 
Grain and other Commodities the fame 
Acre will bear in one* three* or feveii 
years, communibus Anms • unto what ufc 
each foil is mod proper. All which 
particulars I call the Intrinfick value • 
for there is alfo another value meerly 
accidental* or Extrinfick* confiding of 
the Caufes* why a parcel of Land > 
lying near a good Market* may be worth 
double to another parcel* though but 
of the fame intrinfick goodnefs; which 
Anfwers the Queries* why Lands h1 
the North of England are worth but 
fixteen years purchafe* and thofe of 
the We(l above eight and twenty. # 
i% no leffe neceffary to knovy hoW  People there be of each Sex* 
State* Age* Religion* Trade3 Rank* 
°r Degree, &c. by the knowledge 
thereof* Trade and Government may 
be made more certaine and Regular; 
W* if men knew the People* as afore- 
said* they might know the Confump- 
bon they would make* fo as Trade 
not be hoped for where it, is im- 
PofTible. As for inftance* I have heard 
[*Uich complaint* that Trade is not fet 
lri fome of the South-western and North- 
eftern parts of Ireland, there being fo 
excellent Harbours for that pur- 
Pofe • whereas in feveral of thofe pla- 
Ces I have alfo heard * that there are 
fcvv other Inhabitants, but fuch as live 
ex [fonfe crcatis * and are unfit Sub- 
Jefts of Trade* as neither employ- ing others* nor working themfelves. 
Moreover * if all thefe things were 
clearly and truly known (which I have 
but gheffed at) it would appear , ho\V 
fmall a part of the People work upon 
neceflary Labours and Callings, viz* 
how many Women and Children do juft 
nothings onely learning to fpend what o* 
thers get; how rpany are meer Volup' 
tuaries* and as it were meer Game* 
flers by Trade; how many live by 
puzling poor people with unintelligible 
Notions in Divinity and Philofophy ? 
how many by perfwading credulous j 
delicate * and litigious pexfons * that 
their Bodies or Eftates are out of 
Tune * and in danger; how many by 
fighting as Souldiers; how many by 
Miniftries of Vice and Sin • how l]y by Trades of meer Pleafure, or Or- 
naments ; and how many in a way of 
wiy attendants, &c. upon others: And 
°n the other fide, how few are employ,. 
ed in raifing and working tieceflary 
Food and Covering; and of the (peon 
lative men, how few do ftudy Nature 
and Things ! The more ingenious not 
advancing much further than to 
Write and fpeak wittily about thefe 
matters. 
I conclude, That a clear know- 
ledge of all thefe particulars, and 
many more, whereat I have fhot 
but at rovers, is necefiary, in order 
to good, certaine, and eafie Govern* 
nient 3 and even to ballance Parties 
and rations, both in Church and State'. But whether the knowledge 
thereof be iieceflfarie to many5 or fit 
for others than the Soveraigne and 
his chief Minifters, I leave to confi- 
deration. AN 
A P P E D I X. 
FOrafmuch as a long and ferious 
perufal of all the Bills of Mortali- 
ty, which this great City hath afforded 
Walmoft fourfcore years, hath advan- 
ced bat the few obfervations comprifed 
*n the fore-going Treatife ; I hope ve- 
ry little will be expected from the few 
Mattered papers that have come to my 
fmce the publishing thereof, e- 
from one that hath learned 
from the 3loyal Society > how many Ob- 
lations go to the making up of one 
which like Oaks and other Trees fit for durable Building) mull be 
of many years growth. 
The Accounts which follow, I reckoi1 
bnt as Timber and Stones; and the beft 
inferences 1 can make, are but as hewing 
them to a Square: as for compofing 
beautiful Sc firm ftruCture out of them? 
I leave it to the Architecture of the fa$ 
Societyy under whom I think it honoitf 
enough to work as a Labourer. v 
My firft Obfervation fhall be, That 
at Dublin the number of Weekly Bu* 
rials being about 20, and thofe of London 
about 3C0, as alfo the number.of People 
reckoned to be within the limits of the 
Bills of Mortality at London to 
460000; it will follow that the Nurm 
ber of /nhabitants of Dublin to be abotf* 
viz, about one fifteenth part of thofe in and about London, which agrees 
with that Number which I have heard 
the Books of Poll-Money raifed but 
little before the time of this Bill, have 
Exhibited as the Number of Inhabitants 
of that City: So as although I cio not 
think one {ingle Weekly Bill is fuffici- 
ent to ground fuch a conclution upon, 
yet I think that feveral yearly Bills is the 
beft of the eafie ways from which to col- 
left the Number of the People. 
Secondly although I take it for gran- 
ted, that in Dublin there be more Born 
than Buried, becaufe the fame hath ap- 
peared to be fo in London by the Bills 
of Mortality before the year 1641, when 
the Civil Wars began, and much 
more eminently in Jmflerdam, asfhall 
be hereafter fhewn 5 yet there are but 14 fet down as Chriflned ; which 
(hews that the defeat there is much the 
fame as at London> whether the caufe 
thereof be negligence in the Regillei'j 
or non-conformity to Publick Order, or 
both I leave to the curious. I believe the 
caufe is alfo the fame, for as much as I 
heard it to be a Maxim at Dublin, to fol- 
low if not forerun, all that is, or as they 
underlland will be, pradtifed in London\ 
and that in all particulars incident to 
humane affairs, 
I have here incerted two other 
Country Bills, the one of Cranbrook 
in Kentj the other of Tiverton in Devon- 
jhire• which with that of Hant(hires 
lying about the midway between them, 
give us a view of the mod 
Southerly, andWeftevjy parts of Bng* hnd: I have endeavoured to procure the 
like account from Northumberland* Che- 
Shirei Norfolk and Notmgamjhire• There- 
by to have a view of the feven Countrys 
ttioft differently fituatcd* from whence 
I am forry to obferve that my Southern 
friends. have been hitherto more curious 
i • 
diligent than thofeofthe North.The 
full Obfervation from thefe Bills is * 
that all thefe three Country Bills agree* 
that each Wedding produces four Chil- 
dren which is like wife confirmed from 
the Bills of Amferdam. Secondly they 
all agree that there be more Males born 
than Females but in different proporti- 
ons ■ for at Cranbrook there be 20 Males 
for ip Females, in Hantjbtre, 16 for 15. 
in London 14 for 13* and at 
u for II, Thirdly 3 I have inferted the Bills themfelves , to the end that 
whoever pleafes may examin,by all three 
together* the Obfervations I raifed from 
theHantjhire Bill alone; conceiving it 
will be more pleafure and fatisfadtion to 
do it themfelves* than to receive it from 
another hand. Only Ifhalladd as a new 
Obfervation from them all, that in the 
years 1648 and 1649. being the time 
when the people of England did moil 
refent the horrid Parricide of his late 
Sacred Majesty* that there were but 
nine weddings in that year in the fame 
places* when there were ordinarily be- 
tween jo and 40 fer Annum; and but 16y 
when there were ordinarily at other 
times between 50 &6o, And it may be al- 
io obferved that fomething of this black 
muither appeared in the years 1643 and  when the Civil war was at the 
higheft, but the contrary years 1654, 
&c. to prevent the new way of 
Marriage then impofed upon the people. 
1 have alfo fupplied the Tables from 
three general Bills for the years 
1663, and 1664, which you will 
find to juftifie the former obfervations. 
eminently that which I take 
to be of moft concernment* namely* of 
between the numbers of 
Males and Females. 
In the former Obfervations I did 
to deduce the number of 
Inhabitants about the City of Lon- 
from the Bills of Mortality * con- 
Ending them to be about 46CCC0* and 
Ukewile fet forth by what fteps 
people of the faid City have in* creafed from two to five fince the yctf 
1600. 
And particularly in what proportion5 
the City Increafed in its feveral part5 
from time to time ; I have now proa1' 
red an account of the men, women 
children which were Anno 1631 
within 'the Liberties of London 
are circumfcribed by Temple-Bar, Hoi' 
born-Bars , SmitbfieId-Bars , Shorditcb' 
Bars, White-chappel-Bars, & to the TotfM 
Liberties, and Meal-market in South' 
wark. By which account / hope it 
appear,that /computed too many 
than too few, although the mod part d 
men have thought otherwife. Nor dot 
wonder at it, finee/ never 
more enormous iniilakes in any matte* 
than concerning the number of people Ale-houfes, Coaches, Ships, Sea-merii 
and feveral other Tradef- 
<£rc. The proportions of all which 
I have always thought it neceflary to be 
known, in order to an exadt Symmetry; 
°f the feveral Members of a Common- 
wealth* I fay, that the whole number 
°f Inhabitants exceeds not 460000. 
1* The number of Men, 
Children, found in the City and Liber- 
hes 1631 Was 130x78. 
2. The Liberties of the City of Lon* 
confift of the 97 Parishes within 
rhe Walls, and of \ of the 16 Parifhes 
1]ext without them, which eftimate of 
neverthelefs, I leave to examina- 
tion. 
The Liberties of London, from the 
year to the year 1661, increafed from 8 to 11 * as may appear by the 
Tables * and confequently the 
13000o* found in the year 1631, were in' 
creafed to 179000* in Anno 1661. 
Lailty* the Liberties of London in the 
year 1661 were in proportion to the 
whole* as 4 to 9* and conlequently 
there were 179000 fouls in the faid Li" 
berties* there was not above 403000 i*1 
the whole number of Parifhes then coni' 
prehended in the Bills of Mortality. 
The fubftance of the Jmjlerdam BiU5 
of Mortality is* viz,. 
1. That there died in the 
years of the Plague* as followeth : 
Am — .... - 
it23 ■ .. . 5^2? 
-—— intf 
-■ 67^ 
%6i 6 — 1627 ■ ' 1 ■ — ■ 397^ 
i <52-8 .. — — 4497 
i»?6 ■ — 17193 
16717 
1663 975* 
1664 *4148 
2. That there are eleven Burying- 
theHofpital& Perthoufe, 
2 >7 Streets and Lanes, with 43 Burg- 
Walls and Grachts in that City. 
3. That in feven years 3 beginning 
from the 15 of duguft 1617 to the fame 
dayi624* there were Chriftned in the 
reformed Churches of Jmflerdam 52537* 
and that there died in the fame time 
$2532* So as there were 20005 more 
born than buried,befides thofe that were 
Chriftned in other Congregations. And 
in the faaie time were 16430 publiflh’d 
Carriages. 4 That in the fir ft week of Sept em- 
ber 1664, there died 1041, and in 18 
weeks before the Burials increafed from 
331, up to the faid number of 1041,and 
in twelve weeks after, decreafed back to 
the like number of 350. 
5. In February following, there died 
but 118 a week, and the ordirary num- 
ber of weekly Burials is about ico, fo 
as Fond' 1 feems to be three times as bk 
O 
as Amsterdam. 
6. I have likewife hapened on fome 
other Accompts, relating to Mortali- 
ties of fome great Cities of the World, 
of what Authority. I know not, but as 
Printed at Amflerdam 1664, 1nz>. Anno 
1619 there died in Grand Cairo in 10 weeks 
73500, without any vifible diminution 
of the people. 7. Anno 1625 there died in Leyden 
9597. Anno 1635, there died in the fame 
City of Leyden, from the 14 of July, to 
the 29 of December 14381, the greateft 
week of Mortality being the latter end 
of OBober) was 1452. Tftis Tlague ill 
15 weeks* increafed from 96, to the faid 
number of 1452, and in ten weeks after 
decreafed to 107. Anfwerable to the 
time of increafe and decreafe aforemen- 
tioned in Amsterdam, Anno 1655. there 
died in 21 weeks* from July to November 
13287* the greateft week being Septmb, 
*5* when died 896. 
8. At Harlem there died in the fame 
year* in the months of Augujl3Seftember3 
OBober and November 5723, 
9. Anno 1637 in Conjlantinople* there 
died 1 <co per diem * but how long this Plague lafted, appeareth not. 
io. The fame year died in Prague 
20000 Chrillians, and iccco Jews. 
n. dmo 1652 there died in Cracow 
17000 Chriftians, and 2ccco Jews. 
12. inno 1653 there died in Dantz>ick 
in the lad week of September 640, and 
ill Conning 490. 
13. 1654 there died in Copenhagen for 
fcveral weeks,, 700 per week. 
14. Anno 1655 there died at Jmjler* 
dam and Leyden, as above-mentioned ; 
and at Deloenton, 80., and 90 per 
diem. 
15. At Leeuwardeen per diem. 
16. Anno 1656 there was fo {weep- 
ing a Plague at Naples, that there died 
of it at the latter end of May 1300, or 
1400 per dtm. The fixth of June there were 80000 fick, that the well were not 
able to helpj or bury the dead; prefent- 
ly after there died 5000 in three days; in 
Auguft it began to ceafe5 after it had de-. 
ftroyed 300000 people. 
17. The Town of Sc ala in Italy was 
quite difpeopled and at Minory there 
fcaped but 22. At Rome there died in 
the fame year about 100 per diem for a 
great while together. 
18. 1657 There died at Genoway in 
Midfomer week 1200., afterwards there 
died 1600 per diem; in fo much that 
in the beginning of Augujl they burnt 
the dead Corps for want of hands to 
bury them, which great Mortality de- 
Creafed to five or fix per diem before Sep- 
tember was out. The total fum of all that 
died was about 70000. • ip' At Bergen in Norway, 1618, 
the P4*g#£ is reprefented to have been 
very terrible, by faying there died 50 or 
60 per diem , and that the whole City 
was in tears-, that the Coffin-makers re- 
fufed to make Coffins, that pa rents car- 
ried their children, and children their 
parents to the Grave. But for as much 
it was not mentioned how populous 
this place was, nor for how many days 
the Mortality continued, I can rpakebut 
little eHimate of this Plague, by what is 
above related^ 
20. The general Obfervations ari- 
fmg from the above-mentioned parti- 
culars, are as follcweth : 
firft, That Northern, as well as 
Southern Countries, are infefted with 
great "Blagues; although in the Son- them Countries they are more vehe- 
ment and do both begin and end more 
fuddenly. 
21. Secondly, from the year 1652 the 
Plague was at Crakpiv, 1653 at Danz>ick 
and 16$4 at Copenhagen, 1655 
at Leyden and , and other 
"Towns in the Netherlands 3 16563 at Na- 
fles and Nome* 1657 at Genoa ; So as it 
Well deferves enquiry , whether the 
Plague in all thefe places were a ficknefs 
of the fame kind, and did fucceftively 
perambulate the feveral Countries a- 
bove-mentioned 5 or whether it were a 
feveral difeafe in each place. 
22. Thirdly, that the Plague is lon- 
ger in rifmg to its height, then in de- 
feating to the fame pitch ; and the pro- 
portion thereof, in fuch cafes where It hath mod plainly appeared, is abou t 
three to two • for at Amjlerdam it was 
eighteen weeks rifing 3 and twelve de- 
ereafing 3 and at Leyden fifteen upon the 
increafe,andten decreafing. 
It may be further obfcrved, that in 
the four feveral times of great Mortali- 
ty in London, the height was not alwaies 
in the fame moneth3 for 1592 it 
was the fecond week in Augujl, when 
there died 155° of all difeafes; in the 
year 1603 the height was the fecond 
week of September, when there died 
3129 of all difeafes 3 in the year 1625 the 
extremity was in the third week in An* 
gujlj when there died 5205. Anno 
the like extremity was in the firft week 
of Olhber, there then dying 1405 of all 
difeafes. In this place I think fit to intimate* that confidering the prefent 
increafe of the City from Anno 1625 to 
this time* which is from eight to thir- 
teen* that until the Burials exceed 84CO 
fer weektht Mortality will not exceed 
that of 1625. Which GocJ for ever a- 
vert. 
It may be further obferved* that the 
time of the Plagues continuance at the 
height was of feveral durations* for 
Anno 1 $92 it continued from the firft 
Week in July to the fecond of September 3 
Without increafipg or decreafing above 
loo in 1600 • whereas in 1603 it remain’d 
W three weeks at theftate* decreafing 
Hear * the next week after the height •* 
Anno 1625 it remained not three weeks 
*t a (lay * increafing J the next week be- 
fcre the height* and decreafing as much the next week after. Anno 163 6 it flood 
five weeks without increafingor decrea- 
fing above ~ part afore-mentioned. 
Concerning the difeafe of the Plague* 
Anno i592 itdecreafed to 77 of the 
ted number that died in the twenty 
weeks; Anno 1603, it did the fame in 
)evcn$Jnno 1625* in nine weeks; .Anno 
1636 * as it was not fo fierce as in the o* 
ther years* fo it was of longer continu* 
ance as hath been elfewhere noted. 
The lad thing I fhall obferve is * that 
in all the four great years of mortality 
above-mentioned* I do not find that any 
week the Plague encreafed to the double 
of the precedent week above five times.  
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nace this * aDIC 1 / 
The Table of CASUALTIES. Anno 1631. Ann, 7. Caroli\„ 
THe number of Men 3 Women, 
and Children in the feveral 
Wards of London, and Liberties: taken 
by fpecial command from 
die Right Honourable the Lords of 
His Majeifies Privy, Council. 
JJgite Ward 04763 
“dhopfgare — 07788 
**aHifhaw 01006 
oreadftreet —* ■ ■ 02568 
Brjdg-ward within—0-391 
®ridg-ward without 18660 
«>ll,ngfgacc- 03597 
eroadftrcer 035 o 3 
Colemanftrect ——— 02634 
Cornhil 01439 
Criplegate without 06445 
within—04*3 1 
farington without—20846 
**arington within — 08770 
0*138 
89880 
Aldcrfgate ■ ■ 03594 
Limeftreec — 01017 
Quean hit h 1 03358 
Vinrry — 0274* 
Tower ward 04248 
Dowgarc 03516 
Langbourn 03168 
Portfoken ward-— 05703 
Chcap-ward -——- 02500 
Wallbrook 0*069 
Candlewcek ward — 0*696 
CafUe- Biynard —0459? 
58404 
Bartholomew the great -— oi 388 
Bartholomew the left——* 00506 
384°4 
89880 
130*78 The Table of Burials and L'bnjlnings 
in London. 
Anno 
97 
i* 
Out- 
Buried 
Bifiies 
Chrifl 
Dom. 
Pari- 
Part 
Pari- 
in all 
of the 
ned. 
fhs. 
fas. 
fas. 
Plague 
1604 
1518 
2097 
708 
43*3 
89* 
545$ 
J*o5 
*014 
1 2974 
960 
5948 
444 
*504 
»4o4 
194* 
2920 
935 
579* 
2! 24 
44i4 
1607 
1879 
2772 
1019 
5670 
2352 
4583 
1608 
2?9* 
3118 
H49 
*758 
2^42 
6845 
1609 
M94 
3610 
*44' 
7545 
4240 
4388 
i4io 
231* 
3791 
*3*9 
7486 
1803 
6785 
16 fi 
2152 
3398 
i x56 
671* 
427 
7014 
1*7*5 
24780 
8747 
40242 
*4752 
52190 
i4i1 
247? 
3843 
*4*2 
7778 
*4 
498* 
1613 
2406 
3579 
1418 
7503 
16 
484* 
16141 
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3704 
*494 
73*7 
22 
,7208 
i4if 
144* 
379* 
1613 
7850 
37 
7683 
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387* 
1*97 
8043 
9 
798$ 
1617 
2397 
4109 
1774 
8280 
6 
7747 
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2815 
47*5 
io5<5 
959* 
*8 
7 7 3 * 
1**9 
2339 
3857 
1804 
7999 
9 
8127 
19755 
3‘374 
1 3328 
*443* 
*7« 
4031* 
l4lQ 
2726 
48J9 
2I4<5 
9*9* 
21 
7845 
1621 
2438 
3759 
*9*5 
8112 
11 
803? 
1622 
281 * 
42 *7 
2392, 
8943 
14 
7894 
,<J23-h 
359* 
471 * 
2783 
11 °9 5 
17 
794< 
1^14 
338? 
59*9 
*895 
12*99 
I I 
829? 
16x$ 
5*4? 
9819 
3886 
18848 
354*7 
4983 
1626 
2150 
5285 
* 9*5 
7401 
*34 
?»°s 
1627 
2315 
5400 
1 988 
77** 
4 
84^ 
24549 
39940 
19970 
84000 
35*3* 
42**^ 'Hoc 'Table oj Burials and Cbrifimws 
in London. 
Anno 
Dotn. 
S7 . 
Pari" 
foes. 
16 
Pari- 
fbes. 
Out» 
Pari- 
(lies. 
Burled 
in all. 
Befidet 
of the 
P lague 
Cbift- 
ued. 
1628 
162.9 
*630 
1631 
1632 
,633 
,634 
16^5 
2411 
S536 
2506 
2459 
2704 
237* 
*937 
2742 
3311 
3992 
4201 
3697 
4411 
3936 
4980 
4966 
Ol^ 
2243 
1521 
1132 
2411 
2078 
2982 
a943 
7740 
877* 
9137 
8x88 
9527 
8393 
10399 
10651 
i 
0 
*317 
274 
8 
0 
I 
O 
§564 
99<>* 
5>3«y 
8524 
9584 
9997 
9855 
10034 
<636 
1637 
1638 
1639 
1 64G 
*641 
i64- 
1643 
2t6^4 
33495 
19327 
73505 
I603 
75774 
*825 
2288 
S584 
. 2592 
1 2pif> 
3248 
3J76 
3395 
6924 
4265 
5926 
4344 
5156 
5092 
5245 
5552 
3210 
iiz8 
375i 
2612 
3246 
3427 
357* 
3269 
119*9 
8681 
i3z<*i 
9548 
U 321 
11767 
11999 
12216 
10400 
3082 
3*3 
3*4 
,45<> 
*274 
996 
9522 
9160 
10311 
10150 
10850 
10670 
10370 
94*o 
1644 
1645 
16 45 
1647 
1648 
‘649 
l6Sl 
987 
42544 
2S22I 
9x752 
1 9*44 
80443 
*593 
2524 
1746 
2671 
2480 
286s 
2301 
J845 
4174 
4639 
4*72 
4749 
4288 
4714 
4*38 
JC02 
2574 
2445 
a797 
3041 
2515 
2920 
23x0 
2597 
944i 
9608 
10415 
10462 
9283 
10499 
8749 
108Q4 
' 1492 
1871 
236* 
3597 
611 
67 
15 
*3 
8104 
7966 
7163 
7332 
6 544 
5825 
5612 
6071 
_2»026 
36676 
78896 
10041 
54617 Tfe of Burials and Cbriftnings 
in London. 
Anna 
97 
16 
Out- 
Buried 
Befidet 
ChriJ?* 
Dom. 
Pari- 
Pari 
Pari- 
in all. 
of the 
ued. 
fliei. 
flies. 
(hes. 
Plague 
- ' ' 
1652 
3293 
57 *9 
3546 
**553 
16 
6128 
1*53 
2527 
4^5 
2919 
10081 
6 
6155 
I<*$4 
331? 
6063 
3S45 
13231 
16 
6620 
1**5 
2781 
5148 
3439 
1 *348 
9 
7004 
16*6 
3317 
6573 
4015 
*39*5 
6 
7050 
1657 
3014 
5646 
3770 
11430 
4 
66 8$ 
1658 
3613 
1692 
*443 
14979 
>4 
6170 
l659 
343* 
6988 
4301 
14710 
36 
*690 
25188 
47695 
30278 
103261 
107 
5150* 
1660 
3098 
5644 
2926 
11668 
>3 
697* 
1661 
3804 
7309 
5532 
16645 
20 
8855 
7662 
3**3 
6094 
4413 
13651 
12 
10019 
166i 
3001 
5602 
4119 
12732 
09 
10192 
1664 
3448 
7i6.> 
4829 
* 5448 
05 
11722- The Table following contains the 
Number of Burials and Chrijlenings ill 
the feven Parishes here-after mentioned 
from the year 16$6 unto the year 1659 
inch'five.; all which time the Burials and 
Chrijlenings were jointly mentioned : the 
five laid years the Chrijlenings were omit- 
ted in the yearly Bz/Zr.This Table con- 
fifts of feventeen the Total 
°f all the Burials being contained in the 
fixteenth Column : which Number be- 
•*ng added to the Total in the precedent 
Table of Burials and Chrijlenings5 makes 
the Total or every yearly or general Note, where there follows a fecond 
Number under any year3 it denotes 
thofe which died that year of the 
Plague. 
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■li i i i #■ 11 rnrnrn The TABLB of Males and Females fof 
LONDON. 
An. Dom. 
| Buried 
Chrittened 
| Males Females 
Males 
Females 
1629 
4668 
4103 
5218 
4683 
1650 
3660 
4894 
4858 
4457 
1631 
454 9 
4013 
4422 
4102 
1632 
4932 
4603 
4994 
4590 
i6l3 
436? 
4°23 
5*58 
4839 
1^34 
5676 
5224 
5035 
4820 
1635 
5548 
5103 
5106 
4928 * 
1636 
,2377 
10982 
4917 
4605 _ 
47779 
43945 
39708 
57024 
i<37 
6392 
5371 
4703 
4457 
1638 
i 7168 
6456 
535? 
1 4912 
1639 
I 535' 
45EI 
5366 
478+ 
I64O 
1 676 t 
6010 
55*8 
1 5332 
Total 
7345* 1 
652931 
60664 | 
56549 
"^1641 
6872 
6270 
547° 
5200 
1542 
7049 
6224 
5460 
4910 
164* 
6842 
6360 
4793 
46t7 
1644 
5659 
5274 
4107 
3997 
1645 
6014 
5465 
4°47 
3919 
1646 
6683 
6097 
3768 
3395 
i«47 
73*3 
6746.. 
3796 
3536 
I.648 
5*45 
4749 
3363 
3181 
51577 
47185 
24804. 1 
32755 An. Dom. 
Buried 
Males Females 
Chriftened 
Males Females 
1649 
54*> 4 
5112 
3079 
2746 
1650 
4548 
4216 
2890 
2722 
1651 
5680 
5H7 
3231 
2840 
1652 
6543 
6026 
3220 
2908 
1653 
5416 
4^71 
3 J96 
2959 
1654 
6972 
6275 
3441 
3179 
1655 
6027 
5330 
3*55 
3349 
1656 
73 6 5 
6556 
3668 
3?*!_ 
44005 
4M33 
26380 
24081 
1(557 
6578 
5856 
3396 
3289 
1658 
7996 
7057 
3157 
3013 
1659 
74*1 
7305 
3 209 
2781 
1660 
7960 
7158 
3724 
’3247 ' 
1661 
10448 
9287 
4748 
4107 
1662 
862; 
7931 
5216 
4803 
1665 
8035 
732i 
54*1 
4881 
1664 
97.6Q 
8928 I 
6041 
_568i_ 
66400 i 
60843 1 
34902 1 
3»8o2_ 
Total 245427 1 
214658 | 
15675° 1 
14623* •The Table of the Cpuntry-Parijb, 
~ 1 
Comma- 
Wed- 
! Chriuened 
Buried t 
Tears nicants 
dings 
j M. | F. | Both 
M. \ 
F. lBofh 
iS69 
H 
38 
30I68 
23 
2 1 
44 
H570 
t 
19 
29 
32 
61 
21 
25 
46 
H57I 
18 
28 
26 
54 
23 
271 
50 
ii$72 
23 
52 
32 
54 
20 
»4 
34 
1*573 
21 
34 
36 
70* 
24 
13 
37 
11574 
16 
21 
29 
$0 
28 
38 
66 
1575 
24 
37 
29 
66 
15 
19 
34 
1576 
22 
33 
37 
70 
16 
18 
34 
1577 
I? 
29 
26 
55 
19 
21 
4P 
1*578 
20 
3i 
35 
66 
25 
25 
5° 
j 
190 
312(302^14 
214I221 
431 
|i579 
i5| 
35 
3^ 
7i 
r 27 
27 
54 
■ 80 
21 
43 
31 
74 
38 
41 
79 
8> 
29 
29 
33 
62 
34 
24 
58 
82 
22 
28 
29 
57 
18 
21 
39 
S3 
22 
32 
27 
59 
35 
(52 
S? 
84 
15 
46 
44 
QO 
22 
l9 
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15 
26 
21 
47 
»5 
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86 
18 
22 
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45 
24 
37 
61 
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65 
43 
36 
79 
1*588 
1 
1 — ■ -- 
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33 
34 
67 
31 
58 
46 
185! 528,Wi 637 
1 287!3°2f48i> The Table of the Country-Tanfo. 
Years 
Commu- 
nicants. 
Wed-1 Chriftned 
dings | M. | F. | Both 
M. 
Buried 
| F. iBoth 
1589 
9 0 
91 
92 
91 
94 
95 
9* 
91 
98 
£-l£;. jr 
10 
id 
12 
14 
[ 20 
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16 
9 
23 
21 
31 
40 
37 
4o 
3* 
34 
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3* 
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37 
17 
29 
28 
25 
20 
37 
*8 
2d 
*5 
29 
5» 
69 
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6% 
52 
•71 
do 
62 
4* 
66 
28 
36 
35 
28 
16 
33 
4z 
53 
33 
1 M- 
1 2 
3°- 
19 
32 
21 
18 
*9 
64 
23 
44 
57 
6S 
47 
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d I 
71 
117 
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1 *75 I341 
174^1^13371 
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603 
12 
31 
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21 
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77 
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81 
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( 06 
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28 
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27I 
36 
47 
83 
33 
1? 
52 
608 
17 
40 
53 
93 
21 
21 
42 
| 181 \166\ 377 1743\149 I 219) 46a The Table of the Country-Parijb. 
Wed- 
ChriJtncd 
Buried 
Years 
dings 
M. 
K. 
Both 
M. 
F. \ Borhj 
1609 
23 
30 
3i 
6 1 
24 
4* 
10 
19 
46 
3° 
7* 
33 
40 
73 
it 
2? 
40 
4t 
81 
41 
32 
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11 
20 
55 
52 
87 
53 
63 
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25 
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35 
85 
27 
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1618 
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35 
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7 
37 
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21 
29 
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27 
18 
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23 
68 
24 
29 
53 
1^28 
16 
39 
96 
75 
47 
42 
89 
168 
3681 
37* ! 
741 
3o$ | 
3o6 ] 
611 The Table of the Country-Parijh, 
Years 
Weddings 
Chriftoed 
Both 
Buried. 
Both 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
1629 
21 
53 
38 
91 
4 6 
18 
74 
3° 
8 
58 
45 
103 
16 
27 
53 
3» 
20 
42 
l9 
7* 
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33 
59 
36 
32 
15 
4? 
50 
93 
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21 
33 
12 
38 
103 
18 
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29 
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75 
18 
26 
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35 
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39 
32 
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18 
17 
35 
36 
15 
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37 
87 
42 
48 
90 
37 
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71 
25 
35 
ko 
1638 
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36 
66 
83 
73 
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4*3 
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3*7 
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636 
18 
24 
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29 
63 
34 
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74 
21 
21 
46 
1648 
9 
35 
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137 
35i 
357 
708 
375 
383 
758 The Table of the Country-Tarijb. 
Years 
| Weddings 
Chriftned 
Both 
Buned. 
Both 
• 
M. 
F. 
M 
F. 
id49 
, 9 
21 
37 
59 
46 
34 
80 
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9 
55 
3i 
85 
25 
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7 
25 
27 
5 2 
11 
21 
32 
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28 
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9 
47 
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14 
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j 55 
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35 
34 
69 
28 
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3o 
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18 
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57 
37 
23 
43 
66 
ZZ 
25 
47 
58 
16 
39 
j9 
68 
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15 
! 
1 ' 1 
18* | 
354 * 
310 
674 
218 
120 
434 The Table by Decads of years for 
the Country Parifh. 
Both 
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t» or* ;-rs if 1 
L-v"J <-vJ uv' j 
vo 'O 'O / 
m __•*» ,*F— '—-— The number of the Weddings3 Chrijlnings 
and Burials that were in the Town and 
Parijb of Tiverton, fromMzsch 15 60 
to January 1664 l aS aff by the 
Regifers. 
Year* 
Weddings 
Chriftned 
Both 
Boned. 
Both 
M. 
F. 
M 
F, 
1560 
37 
23 
»9 
52 
43 
28 
71 
61 
5i 
55 
31 
6 6 
36 
34 
70 
6* 
16 
59 
5o 
109 
32 
34 
66 
. 
1? 
59 
50 
- 89 
27 
15 
4« 
64 
47 
50 
97 
21 
15 
36 
6? 
*4 
5i 
*7 
78 
»6 
28 
54 
66 
*9 
67 
44 
in 
23 
ii 
35 
67 • 
23 ' 
51 
42 
94 
18 
16 
8 44 
63 
15 
5° 
34 
84 
15 
25 
3 $0 
6p 
*9 
4° 
37 
77 
23 
38 
6l 
232 
463 
394 
857 
284 
1 
1 
! r* 
52 9 The Table oftbe*Parijb of Tiverton. 
Tears 
Weddings 
Chriftned 
Both 
Buried- 
Both 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
1570 
17 
5i 
45 
96 
45 
58 
10; 
71 
21 
45 
25 
72 
! 70 
58 
138 
72 
35 
52 
44 
96 
3° 
23 
5;3 
73 
38 
55 
39 
94 
22 
19 
4> 
74 
37 
42 
50 
92 
25 
28 
53 
75 
32 
51 
7i 
122 
33 
21 
54 
76 
27 
62 
<55 
ji7 
4? 
93 
135 
77 
*7 
79 
45 
I25 
54 
75 
130 
78 
38 
59 
57 
1 16 
42 
54 
95 
79 
45 
56 
59 
T>5 
35 
63 
93 
— 
317 
553 
502 
>o55 
399 
503 
902 
lf8o 
35 
61 
63 
124 
35 
43 
79 
81 
34 
62 
*4 
125 
37 
39 
76 
8x 
34 
58 
67 
>35 
45 
3« 
83 
83 
33 
54 
44 
98 
31 
47 
78 
84 
28 
77 
59 
136 
39 
43 
82 
85 
n 
54 
13 S 
31 
5* 
84 
85 
a7 
42 
40 
82 
49 
40. 
89 
87 
27 
57 
63 
110 
75 
9* 
>70 
88 
3* 
67 
6 5 
133 
57 
43 
I Oo 
89 
33 
83 
70 
M3 
47 
55 
102 
298 
640 
599 
1239 
449 
494 
943 The TMe of the Parijb of Tiverton. 
Tears 
Weddings 
Chviftned 
Both 
Buried!. 
Both 
M. 
F. 
M. 
FJ 
— 
ijfo 
$9 
*o 
<54 
**4 
62 
87 
*49 
91 
48 
55 
44 
loo 
&68 
281 
5fo 
92 
43 
75 
77 
152 
37 
48 
1 85 
9i 
41 
<53 
48 
Hi 
37 
*5 
1 ® 2 
94 
... 37 
56 
98 
164 
3* 
47 
78 
99 
J* . 
54 
fa 
106 
37 
bo 
97 
96 
:,y 22 
60 
58 
118 
fi 
77 
118 
97 
18 
Hi 
29 
66 
*a4 
*53 
279 
98 
*, a? 
44 
38 
8x 
4f 
103 
148 
99 
2. 4\ 
50 
79 
123 
27 
27 
54 
35 
5^5 
fsi 
1145 
7*9 
549 
1690 
38 
64 
54 
Il8 
38 
3* 
66 
1 
33 
52' 
82 
*34 
38 
3* 
*4 
2 
37 
<?5 
61 
127 
4* 
42 
*3 
3 
52 
60 
83 
*43 
50 
3^ 
185 
4 
2$ 
75 
*3 
*38 
27 
6? 
90 
j 5 
44 
62 
.68 
I30 
33 
48 
81 
6 
37 
7? 
77 
t%6 
45 
42 
* *7 
7 
1 47 
84 
77 
166 
34 
15* 
!: '86 
3 
37 
5o 
86 
145 
51 
*4 
9 
34 
7° 
69 
* 19 
z7 
49 
76 
39* 
676 
721 
*379 
3*4 I 
470 
*34 The Table of the Tarijh of Tiverton. 
Year* 
Weddings 
Chri 
M. 
foed 
F. 
Both i 
Bar 
M. 
icd. 
F. 
Both 
1610 
3i 
«3 
88 
I 71 
6 2 
39 
50 
in 
n 
5i 
83 
96 
179 
4i 
80 
12 
. 4? 
7 9 
70 
I45> 
58 
45 
i®3 
*3 
*1 3« 
‘ 74 
77 
15* 
39 
40 
7 9 
14 
PO 
88 
178 
42 
4* 
83 
15 
55 
88 
84 
I72 
39 
44 
83 
16 
! 24 
HI 
100 
ill 
53 
59 
112 
*7' 
i, 4i 
99 
79 
I78 
57 
57 
114 
18 
46 
102 
79 
181 
31 
44 
7* 
J9 
3°. 
104 
id 
205 
61 
72 
*37 
409 
9*3 
86$ 
1776 
486 
493 
979 
1620 
41 
10* 
71 
177 
53 
53 
io5 
21 
7+ 
III 
hi 
222 
61 
5* 
112 
21 
40 
8p 
104 
193 
60 
8 6 
I4<5 
23 
52 
108 
88 
195 
80 
IOI 
181 
a4 
5* 
PS 
95 
190 
60 
<58 
128 
25 
57 
*3* 
117- 
248 
86 
61 
*47 
»5 
66 \ 
97 
IOI 
I98 
73 
95 
168 
1? 
67 
M3 
lie 
a53 
98 
4$ 
'M3 
28 
> 6* 
103 
1x4 
ai 7 
87 
9* 
*85 
29 
77 
124 
108 
a^2 
62 
68 
*30 
593 
1106 
1020 
| H26 
720 
716 
*44* The Table of the Parijh of Tivertotl. 
I 
i Year* 
Weddings 
Chriftned 
Both 
Buried. 
Both 
J 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
i *630 
73 
II? 
123 
140 
104 
74 
178 
i 3* 
49 
1/8 
, 100 
218 
ss 
9* 
*77 
! 32 
65 
106 
104 
210 
84 
*3 
167 
33 
114 
121 
235 
75 
7* 
146 
i * 34 
$4 
114 
95 
209 
73 
91 
164 
8» 
124 
i*i 
235 
84 
92 
175 
1 3^ 
43 
*35 
113 
248 
*5l 
87 
172 
i 3i 
42 
110 
98 
208 
10 6 
142 
248 
38 
62 
112 
112 
224 
194 
170 
I64 
! *9 
61 
109 
• 10 6 
225 
115 
137 
252 
f *"1 
i 
i 
584 
n6p 
1083 
2^51 
io©5 
1039 
”2044 
! >640 
46 
124 
114 
238 
82 
104 
186 
1 41 
Si 
H2 
114 
2 36 
83 
88 
171 
42 
59 
102 
135 
238 
110 
128 
238 
43 
54 
*1$ 
117 
23a 
I02 
88 
190 
44 
22 
76 
78 
*54 
23l 
2i? 
445 
41 
47 
95 
*75 
170 • 
99 
3 
92 
*9* 
4* 
4l 
6t 
50 
3 
6 
47 
23 
nt 
16 6 
'212 
7 - 
' '3- 
10 
48 
2x 
8 5 
6j 
*5» 
J4 
17 
4i 
49 
16 
92 
188 
21 
30 
5i 
401 , 
99* 
1049 
2041 
7^3 
766 
1529 The Table of the Parifh of Tiverton* 
‘cars 
Wedding 
Chriflncd 
Both 
Buncd. 
Both 
i 
M. 
F 
* 
M 
F. 
l6fo 
lV. 9 
6V 
79 
*45 
* 
9 
16 
U 
9 
- 52> 
<53 
“3 
5 
to 
M 
s» 
9 
8<? 
73 
*5 3 
48 
' 5i 
99 
53 
89* 
2IJ 
208 
47 
7* 
125 
54 
Ijo8 
105 
101 
206 
72 
>- 68 
140 
• 55 
140 
87 
I04 
191 
8? 
114 
ioi 
5* 
109 
107 
90 
197 
56 
86 
142 
57 
102 1 
9 4 
ioi 
*95 
67 
59 
I»6 
58 
- 60 
7.0 
83 
153 
77 
8? 
162- 
_ 
7 7 
78 
155 
- 72 
80 
*5* 
IfiS 
89! 
171* 
538 
640 
1178 
i^tfo 
27 
61 
68 
1*9 
70 
69 
*39 
i 
V .38 
83 
9? 
176 
73 
85 
158 
3* 
73 
56 
129 
9l 
95 
x86 
3 
39 
68 
64 
132 
71 
74 
146 
4 
4i 
68 
7* 
140 
98 
1X4 
2J2 
L *77 
3^3 
706 f 404 f 
437 
8-41 Tie of the Weddings, Chrijfeft 
ing$s and Burials, that were m the Pa 
rifh of Cranbrook* from March 16 
1560 to March 24,1649 ; (as *ffeat 
eth by the tyegifier) only in the years 1 
and 1565 the Chriflmngs are wholly offlrt 
.ted, becdufe the Regijler is Very imft 
fe£l for the greater fart of thofe yms> 
Tear* 
ending* 
Ghriftned 
M. 1, F. -| Both 
Buried 
M. } K. (1 
1560 
20 
33 
69 
29 
21 
'IS 
61 
24 
46 
33 
79 
23 
< 22 
62 
3$ 
32 
26 
58 
4° 
31 
61 
15 
28 
2i 
49 
*9 
* 2 .4 
64 
25 
29 
29 
$8 
10 
- 8 
r 
i 44 
29 
73 
37 
34 
i 
66 
39 
26 
m 
69 
351 
d 
67 
23 
42 
4* 
8?| 
36 
21 
68 
22 
?S 
44 
82 
3* 
3*J 
0> 
A 
69 
22 
36 
35 
7*1 
25 
19 
4? 
■—74 
1 23* 
1 J7° 
3*7 
687I 319 
246 
J51 Tif TMf of the Panjb of Cranbrook. 
Yc.v$ 
Weddings 
Chriftned 
Both 
Buried. 
Both 
. 
M. 
F. 
m. 
F. 
*570 
18 
30 
44 
74 
i6 
3* 
d 2 
71 
11 
31 
37 
58 
3« 
id 
47 
72 
V 27 v" 
35 
34 
69 
H 
39 
63 
7 i 
1 29 
28 
*5 
53 
29 
21 
ja 
74 
•* wv 
28 
28 
5* 
7 5. 
U 
25 
" *1,251 ** 
49 
42 
91 
18 
•7 
14 
id 
3* 
33 
77 
' id 
3<5 
4» 
841 
23 
21 
44 
78 
*4 
4l 
39 
81 
19 
id 
. 35 
H 
47 
44 
91 
26 
18 
44 
-a* 5 
298 
3°3 
601 
247 
225 
466 
*S80 
5P 
47 
4* 
89 
id 
2? 
49 
81 
38 
dt 
id 
107 
32 
3s 
d2 
82 
id 
88 1 
49 
117 
52 
37 
*9 
*3 
I i5'14 
591 
44 
103 
24 
20 
44 
*4 
1$ 
53 
85 
108 
»4 
19 
53 
85 
21 
60 
5 2 
112 
16 
#*4 
30 
86 
|> 
L- *7 
20 
47 
50 
53 
9 8 
28 
f 18 
22 
24 
50 
i1 
*8 
’ M 
77 I 
79 
i« 6 
• »4 
2« 
4* 
s*9 
: ’ 19 
89 
“! 
_i°3 
17 
3^ 
48 
* 
S3* 
5tH 
#071 
*7* 
248 
5V9 
VfhtTMf 
</ the 
18 
4i 
:2 The Table of the Parijb of Cranbf ook* 
ChrUtened 
Buried 
Tears 
dings 1 
M. F;| Both 
M. | 
F. ! Both 
159° 
25 
<>4l55t 
1x6 
2i 
17 
38 ' 
91 
26 
4* 
52 
93 
34 
43 
77 1 y 1 
92 
20 
59 
46 
105 
39 
3‘ 
7° U-' 
93 
23 
54 
47 
JOi 
22 
17 
39 5 ۥ 
94 
22 
48 
37 
85 
24 
23 
47 
95 
H 
55 
53 
108 
35 
.36 
..7* 
96 
17 
3^ 
42 
78 
42 
•25 
67 ] .1 
97 
22 
37 
19 
56 
112 
no 
222/>4 f Si* 
98 
22 
47 
4l 
88 
27 
34 
99 
30 
5-6 
*0 
9f 
19 
20 
99 J . . 
221 
1497 
4201926 
3731356 
729 
1600 
16 
48 
44 
9 
16 
18 
1 
*9 
44 
41 
85 
19 
29 
48 1 
54 ‘ 
2 
25 
50 
43 
93 
28 
26 
•3 
22 
68 
5* 
I19 
36 
28 
*4 Il9 
4 
36 
47 
61 
io8 
20 
24 
; 44 
5 
23 
5 6 
39 
95 
38 
30 
68 i 
6 
23 
42 
44 
8^ 
3o 
3i 
61 Mi 
7 
29 
5* 
65 
116 
48 
30 
78 
8 
‘3 
5* 
35 
91 
33 
3 1 
&J. 
9 
16 
40 
37 
_77 
43 
4^ 
89 pL« „ 
223 
1502)460)962 
311 
292I603 J Table oftk Parijh s/Cranbrook.' 
Years 
Weddings 
Chri 
M. | 
fined 
F 
Both 
Bur 
M. 
ied1. 
F. 
Eotb 
74 
1610 
16 
45 
41 
87 
32 
42 
11 
27 
39 
44 
83 
44 
53 
97 
1 2 
16 
44 
39 
85 
50 
43 
93 
13 
<t. 22 
43 
4i 
84 
46 
so 
96 
14 
21 
5o 
44 
54 
55 
35 
90 
15 
“ 16 
. 35 
29 
56 
35 
44 
54 
100 
89 
64 
40 
61 
47 
i ’-5 
8? 
*7 
20 
49 
52 
101 
50 
48 
7° 
18 
3* 
38 
51 
89 
37 
58 
95 
if 
47 
40 
87 
5° 
44 
94 
x6i 
446 
451 
897 
468 
481 
549 
1620 
27 
54 
61 
120 
45 
5Z 
?! 
80 
21 
26 
54 
5° 
104 
40 
46 
22 
14 
61 
136 
27 
. 28 
55 
67 
22 
t if 
37 
37 
-74 
n 
34 
24 
45 
59 
60 
119 
44 
31 
75 
*5 
22■ 
44 
59 
log 
. 54 
5^ 
2^ 
2 6 
l6 
45 
81 
4* 
49 
97 
27 
• 27 ■* 
5 5 
95 
36 
38 
74 
ia<5 
z $ 
VC. »g 
57 
60 
117 
56 
7° 
29 
48 
60 
58 
11 8 
51 
44 
95 
1X9 
5H 
545 
‘0)7 
4?4 j 44« 
88i The Table of the Tarijh of Cranbrodfc. 
Year* 
W«ddirgs 
Chriftned 
Botli 
Baritd. 
Both 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
1630 
25 
53 
64 
122 
4« 
52 
9i 
31 
15 
5i 
46 
97 
46 
4* 
88J 
iO 
57 
56 
1 13 
56 
52 
i ©8 
*3‘ 
J9 
73 
55 
128 
44 
44 
8gi 
34 
33 
52 
115 
46 
5 ‘ 
97 
35 
“ 18 
54 
57 
(11 
56. 
50 
106 
5$ 
*5 
52 
55 
107 
39 
. 60 
99 
31 
31 
61 
1 8* 
I26 
47 
49 
38 
22 
49 
56 
105 
73 
8<V 
. *53 
39 
28 
3* 
36 
67 
63 
1 51 
114 
123 
549 
542 
1019 
5»« 
53 r 
; 104.1 
1640 
30 
65 
5* 
“5 
70 
54 
124 
1 
10 
5i 
61. 
113 
511 
35 
z' 
27 
47 
40 
87 
39 
53 
p92 
3 
20 
68 
6l 
131 
6 8 
r 59 
‘ 117 
4 
23 
5l 
60 
ill 
' 37" 
' 49* 
1 S6 
5 
31 
5? 
46 
IOI 
30 
46 
16 
6 
14 1 
6? 
5* 
114 
6 9 
65 
134 
7 
18 
44 
36 
a* 
71 
47 
119 
8 
* 
35' 
2? 
$8 
55 
60 
1M 
» 
. ? 
3? 
26 
Jj 
58 
48 
106 
156 
5*6 
460 1 9/6 
549 
5*7 
I '■.66 Dublin, A Bill of Mortality from the 
26 of July to the 2d of dugufl 
„ . 1 6 6 2. 
; j's% 
jf ♦ 
w 
*c 
rc/> 
[ '*> 
o 
| T 
\9 
■n 
t. 
N 
r 
O 
TJ 
3 
S4 
o 
a 
E> 
Is 
n 
rt 
P- 
n' 
x- 
n 
.3 
X 
, 
n> 
3 
Cat 
1 - s- . > 
< 
X 
j 
v 
:■ 
*■* 
— 
—T 
(ri § LfJ 4*J 
I 
I 
,Sr. Katharfnes 8c Sr.jTdwei 
2 
I 
I 
St. Michaels -—•— 
2 
z 
2 
2 
St. Nicholas without 
5 
I 
Z» 
If 
v:<' 
i 
St. Nicholas within —— 
I 
i 
Sf. Warbrows & S. Andrews 
2 
I 
I 
j 
• 
* 
Tbc Towl Baptized 14* Total Buried 20. 
Jacob Tiring, Reg. A TAB LEj Shewing how many Died Weekly* as /ell of all Difeafes* as of the plague, in the Years 
1 1625, 1630, 1636 and this prefent Year 1665. 
Buried of all Difeafes in 
Buried of all Difeafes In 
Burled of all Difeafes in 
B’ied of all Difeafes in 
Buried of all Difeafes in the 
Barfed of all Difeafes in 
the Year 1592. 
the Year 1603 
• 
the Year 1625. 
the Year 1630. 
Year 1635. 
the Year 166 
• 
total 
?la. 
total 
Flag. 
total 
Flag. 
tot♦ 
FI. 
total 
Fla. 
Decern! er*7 
total 
Flag. 
March 17 
230 
3 
March 17 
108 
3 
March 17 
262 
4 
Jne 24 
205 
l9 
April 7 
Up 
2 
291 
I 
March 24 
551 
31 
24 
60 
2 
24 
226 
8 
Jjy 1 
209 
25 
14 
205 
4 
January 3 
349 
March 5 1 
219 
29 
31 
78 
6 
31 
243 
Ii 
8 
217 
43 
7ft/J Week_thefe Parifl(s 
10 
394 
April 7 
3 °7 
27 
April 7 
66 
4 
April 7 
239 
10 
1? 
250 
5o 
were aided : St. Marf 
IVcfiminfler, Lambctk 
Pariih, i’r. /TAir? AJen,, 
*7 
4*5 
April 1 4 
203 
33 
H 
79 
4 
14 
256 
24 
22 
22Q 
*79 
40 
24 
474 
* 
April 2 1 
290 
37 
2t 
98 
8 
21 
230 
25 
29 
77 
KedriffParifl 
31 
4° 9 
April 23 
310 
41 
28 
109 
10 
28 
305 
26 
rA«goft 5 
250 
56 
Sr.Mary Iflington,Siep\ 
February 7 
393 
Mav 5 
330 
29 
May 5 
90 
11 
May 5 
292 
3° I 
12 
246 
65 
vy fy Farifl,>s. 
»4 
461 
I 
May 12 
339 
38 
12 
112 
18 
12 
232 
*>! 
>9 
'2 69. 
54 
April 2i 
28$ 
14 
2 1 
393 
May 19 
300 
42 
19 
122 
22 
19 
379 
71 
26 
270 
67 
28 
259 
17 
28 
396 
May 26 
450 
58 
26 
122 
32 
26- 
401 
78. 
September 2 
230 
66 
May 5 
251 
io 
March 7 
• 44* 
une 2 
410 
62 
June 2 
114 
30 
June 2 
395 
69 
9 
259 
63 
12 
3081 
55 
14 
433 
une 9 
441 
81 
9 
I31 
43 
9 
434 
9i 
16 
#64 
68 
19 
299 
35 
21 
365 
une 16 
399 
99 
i,5 
144 
59 
16 
510 
161 
23 
274 
57 
26 
330 
62 
28 
353 
une 23 
401 
108 
23 
182 
72 
23 
640 
2?9 
3° 
269 
56 
June 2 
339 
77 
April 4 
344 
une 30 
850 
118 
30 
267 
158 
30 
942 
39o 
l&ober 7 
2?6 
66 
9 
345 
87 
1 1 
382 
uly7 
1440 
927 
July 7 
445 
263 
July 7 
1222 
593 
H 
26 1 
73 
16 
381 
103 
1 8 
344 
• 
uly 14 
1510 893 
14 
612 
424 
>4 
1781 
’“°4 
21 
248 
60 
23 
304 
79 
25 
390 
2 
fuly 21 
1491 
258 
Out Ptrifles 
21 
2850 
I8I9 
28 
2 14 
34 
T ■ 30 
352 
104 
May 2 
388 
My 28 
1507 
852 
this Weeib n>erf 
28 
3583 
247t 
lovember 4 
242 
29 
July 7 
215 
81 
9 
347 
9 
Aughft 4 
1503 
983 
jo/ntfi with the 
City. 
July 21 
28 
Auguft 4 
45*7 
9 
11 
215 
2 9 
* *4 
37? 
104 
16 
353 
3 
Auguft 11 
1530 
797 
u86 
9i7 
11 
4855 
4115 
18 
200 
18 
21 
365 
120 
23 
385 
1 + 
Auguft 18 
1532 
65* 
1728 
1396 
18 
5205 
4463 
25 
226 
7 
28 
423 
151 
30 
399 
17 
Auguft 2$ 
1508 
449 
Auguft 4 
11 
2256 
1922 
25 
4841 
4218 
iecember 3 
221 
20 
Auguft 4 
491 
206 
June 6 
4°5 
43 
September 1 
1490 
507 
2077 
|‘?45 
September 1 
?897 
3344 
9 
198 
19 
11 
538 
283 
13 
558 
611 
684 
112 
September 8 
1210 
5<?3 
18 
3°54 
2713 
8 
3157 
255° 
16 
212 
5 
18 
638 
321 
20 
168 
September 15 
621 
45i 
25 
2853 
2539 
15 
12148 
1612 
25 
78 7 
429 
27 
267 
September 22 
629 
349 
September 1 
8 
3385 
3078 
3129 
2456 
1961 
3°35 
22 
1994 
15 51 
Varied in the 97 Parifhes 
September 1 
ion 
638 
July 4 
1006 
47° 
September 25? 
4“>o 
33° 
2724. 
29 
1236 
within the Wails 2696 
8 
1069 
650 
1 1 
1268 
725 
Oftober 6 
Oftober 13 
Oftober 20 
408 
422 
330 
327 
323 
308 
15 
22 
2 9 
2818 
2 J95 
J732 
Oftober 6 
13 
20 
833 
815 
651 
538 
511 
33i 
Vhercof of the Plag. 190 
Juried in the 16 Parifhes 
without the Walls 41115 
Vhereof of the Plag. 603 
i5 
22 
29 
>30 6 
*2 29 
403 
865 
775 
928 
l8 
25 
Auguft 1 
1761 
2785 
3014 
1089 
1845 
2010 
Oftober 27 
320 
U °2 
O&ober 6 
13 
20 
1831 
1312 
766 
625 
727 
1641 
1149 
61li 
508 
594 
27 
375 
134 
in the 9 OllC- 
Pa- 
O&ober 6 
1405 
921 
792 
555 
8 
4030 
2817 
November 3 
November 10 
310 
309 
201 
209 
November 3 
10 
357 
319 
89 
92 
rhhes in Middle]ex and 
s*rryt and at the Peft- 
*3 
20 
1302 
1002 
15 
22 
53‘9 
5568 
3880 
42J7 
November 17 
November 24 
301 
321 
107 
93 
27 
November 3 
J7 
24 
274 
231 
48 
27 
. J 3045 
Whereof of the Plag. 524 
juried in Wcflminfter 566 
27 
November 3 
900 
1300 
458 
838 
29 
September 5 
749o 
8252 
6102 
6978 
December 1 
349 
94 
10 
442 
December 1 
390 
15 
Whereof of the Plague 
31 
10 1 
U04 
7*5 
12 
7690' 
0-1 
6544 
December 8 
331 
86 
!7 
384 
198 
223 
251 
8 
181 
15 
17 
950 
1573 
19 
0297 j7105 
December 15 
December 22 
329 
386 
71 
39 
24 
December 1 
105 
102 
15 
22 
168 
157 
6 
1 
fh« Total of all the Bu- 
rials this time 1054? 
, 24 
December 1 
857 
614 
476 
321 
26 
Oftober 3 
0400 
5533 
that 
8 
I6? 
55 
Whereof of the Plaeuc 
8 
459 
167 
10 
The Total or all 
15 
200 
96 
The Total of all is 51758 
1317 
*5 
385 
S5 
*7 
have been 
buried is 
22 
168 
74 
Whereof of the Plague 
1 
• 24 
25886 
35402 
The Total of the Burials this 
the Plaffu#* 
Vrf-w. Jo 
November 7 
J4 
- 
11503 
thereof of the Plag. 305 61 
Whereof of the Plague 1P400 
1 Jdroettifementsfor the bettter understanding 
of the federal Tables videlicet, 
Concerning the Table of Cafualties conJT 
fling of thirty Columns. ' 
THe firfl: Column contains all the 
Casualties hapning within the 2 z 
fingle years mentioned in this Bill. 
The 14 next Columns contain two 
of the laft S catenaries of year s3 which be- 
ing the lateft are firfl: fet down. 
The 8 next Columns reprefent the 8 
firfl: years wherein the Cafualties were 
taken notice off*. * ~ • 
Memorandum/That the 10 years be- 
tween 1636 and 1647 are omitted as containing nothing Extraordinary 
{and as not confident with the Inca*- 
. parity of a Sheet. 
The % next Columns are the 8 years 
from 129 to 1636 brought into 2 Qua- 
ternions, and the 12 of the 14 laft years 
brought into three more 3 thatCompa- 
rifon might be made between each four 
years taken together, as well as each 
fingle year apart. 
The next Column contains three 
years together, taken at 10 years diftance 
from each other ; that the ditlant yfcars, 
as well as confequent, might be compa- 
red with the whole of the 
ternions,and each of the 22 fingle years. 
The laft Column contains the total 
of ail the 15 Quaternions, or 25 years. 
The Number 229250 is the total of all the Burials in the faid aoyearsi 
as 54190 is of the Burials in the laid 
three diftant years. Where note that 
the J of the latter total is 11396 > and 
the of the former is 
ring but 66 from each other in fo gjneat a 
k\mVidelicet (carce part. 
The Table of Burials and Cbrifiningsy 
confining of[even Columns. 
| T is to be noted, that in all the feyer- 
ai Columns of the Burials thofe dying 
of the Tlague are left out, being rec- 
koned altogether in the fixth Column: 
whereas in the original the Plague 
and all other difeafes are reckoned toge- 
with mention how many of the re- 
fpe&ive totals are of theTlague. Secondly , From the year 1642 for- 
wards, the accompt of the Chnftnwgs 
is not to be trufted* the liegledts of the 
fame begining about that year: for ill 1&+2 
there are fet down 10370, and about the 
lame number feveral years before* after 
which time the faid Cbrijlmngs decrea- 
fed to between 5000 and 6ocOj by omif- 
fion of the greater part. 
Thirdly * the feveral numbers are cad 
up into O&ownes3 that comparifon may 
be made of them as well as of fmgle 
years., * k ’• 
The Table of Males and Femalesy 1 < ' '■ 
\ containing five Columns. 
Firft* the Numbers are caft up for 
12 years \ videlicet from when 
the diftindtion between Males and Fe- 
males firft began3 until 1640 inclufivey when the exa&nefs in that AccoinpC 
eeafed. 
Secondly, From 1640 to 1660 the 
Numbers are caft up into another total, 
which feems as good for comparing the 
Number of Males with Females, the 
neglect being in both Sexes alike, and 
proportionable. 
The Tables concerning the Country- 
Parijby the former of Dec ads begining 
at *569, and dontinuing until 1658, and 
the latter being forfingle years, being 
for the fame time, are fo plain, that they 
require no further Explanation than the 
bare reading of the Chapter relating to 
thenij &c. 
F l N I $.