Statural and Political 
OBSERVATIONS. 
Mentioned in a following Index, 
and made upon the 
k , 
Bills of Mortality. 
By q^RAV^T, 
Citizen of 
LONDON- 
With reference to the fyligion, Trade, 
Growth, Ayr 3 Difeafes, and the feveral Changes of the 
faid C i T y. 
' ■—1 ■ » Non0 me ut miretur Turba, laboro, 
Contentus paueis LeHoribus .~— 
The Second Edition. 
L 0 JS D 0 
Printed by Tho: Roycroft, for John Martin, James Allefiry, 
and The : Dicas, at the Sign of the Beilin St. Paul's 
Church-yard, M D C L X11. TO THE 
RIGHT HONOURABLE 
JOHN Lord %0 BEGETS, Baron of 
Truro, Lord Privie-Seal, and one of his Majeftie’s 
moft Honourable Privie Council. 
My Lord, 
■ S the favours I have received from 
your Lordlhip oblige me to prefent 
you with fome token of my gratitude: 
fo the efpecial Honour I have for 
your Lordfliip hath made me follicitous 
in the choice of thz Prefent. For, if I could have 
given your Lordfliip any choice Excerptions out 
oc Latine Learning, Ifliould (according 
to our Englijh Proverb) thereby but carry Coals to 
Ne and but give your Lordfliip Puddle-water, 
who, by your own eminent Knowledge in thofe learn* 
ed Languagues, can drink out of the very fountains 
yourfelf. 
Moreover, to prefent your Lordfliip with tedious 
Narrations^were but to /peak my own Ignorance of the 
his Majefty,and thePublick have of your 
Lordfhip’s Time. And in brief, to offer any thing like 
what is already in other Books, were but to derogate 
from your Lordfliips learning, which the World 
knows to be univerfal ? and unacquainted with few 
ufeful things contained in any of them. 
Now having(I know not by what accident) engaged 
my thoughts upon the Bills of Mortality, and fo far fuc- 
ceededtherein,astohave reduced feveral great con- 
fufed Vdumes into a few perfpicuous Tables ,and abridg- The Epijlle Dedicatory> 
ed fiichQbfervations as naturally flowed from them,into a 
few fuccin<5t Paragraphs,without any long Series of mul- 
tiloquious Deductions, I have prefumed to facrifice thefe 
my fmall,but firft publifh'd,Labours unto your Lordlhip, 
as unto whofe benigne acceptance of fpme other of my 
the Birth of thele is due i hoping (if 1 may 
without vanity fay it) they may be of as much ule to 
pcrfons in your Lordflfip s place, as they are of little 
or none to me, which is no more then the faireft Dia- 
monds are to the Journey-man Jeweller that works them,or 
the poor Labourer that firft dig’d them from the Earth. 
For with all humble fubmifsion to your Lordlhip, I 
conceive, That it doth not ill become a Peer of the Par- 
liament•, or Member of his Majefies Council, to confider 
how few ftarve of the many that beg: That the irreligi- 
ous Propofals of fome, to multiply People by Polygamy, 
is withall irrational,and fruitlefs: That the troublefome 
feclufions in the Plague-time is not a remedy to be pur- 
chafed at vaft inconveniencies : That the greateft 
Plagues of the City are equally, and quickly repaired 
from the Country: That the wafting of Males by Wars, 
and Colonies do not prejudice the due proportion be- 
tween them and Females: That the Opinions of Plagues 
accompanying the Entrance of Tings, is falfe, and fe- 
ditious: That London, the Metropolis of England, is per- 
haps a Head too big for the Body, and pofsibly too 
ftrong: That this Head grows three times as faft as the 
Body unto which it belongs, that is, It doubles its 
people in a third part of the time: That our Panjbes 
are now grown madly difproportionable: That our 
Temples are not futable to our Religion: That the Trade, 
and very City of London removes Weflward: That the 
walled City is but a one fifth of the whole Pyle: The Epijlle Dedicatory. 
That the old Streets are unfit for the prefent fre- 
quence of Coaches' That the paffage of Ludgate is 
a throat too ftraight for the Body: That the fighting 
men about London are able to make three as great 
Armies,as can be of ufe in this lfland; That the num- 
ber of Heads is fuch,as hath certainly much deceived 
fomeofour Sunatours in their appointments of Pell- 
money, &c. Now, although your Lordihip’s moft ex- 
cellent Difcourfes have well informed me, That your 
Lordfhip is no ftranger to all thefe Portions, yet be- 
caufe I knew not, that your Lordfhip had ever dedu- 
ced them from the Bills of Mortality I hoped it might 
not be ungratefull to your Lordfhip, to fee unto 
how much profit that one Talent might be im- 
proved , befides the many curiofities concerning 
the waxing, and waning of Difeafes, the relation 
between healthful! and fruitful! Seafons, the diffe- 
rence between the City and Country Air, See. All 
which, being new, to the beft of my knowledge, and 
the whole Pamphlet, not two hours reading, I did 
make bold to trouble your Lordfliip with a perulal 
ofit, and by this humble Dedication of it, let your 
Lordfliip and the world fee the Wifdom of our City, 
in appointing, and keeping thefe Accompts,and with 
how much affection and fuccefs, I am, 
My Lord, 
Tour Lordfhip's mofl obedient,and 
mofl faithfull Servant, 
Birchen-Lane, 
2 j January i$6\. 
John Graunt, To the Honourable 
Sir MO% AX Knight, 
One of His Majeftie’s Privy Council for His 
Kingdom of Scotlandy and Prefdent of the Royal 
Society of Philo fophers, meeting at Grejh am- 
and to the reft of that honourable Society. 
Obfervations which 1 happened to 
mm I maK* ( for 1 defigned them not) upon 
§|pg|j| IlfBjjj? the Bills of Mortality, have fallen 
out t0 be both Political, 
llPSIj ral, fome concerning Trade,<WGo- 
verument*othe" c™eLmnZf' Air. 
Countries,Seatons, Pruitrulnefs, 
Health, Difeafes, Longevety, and the proportions be- 
tween the Sex, and Ages of Mankind. All which ( be- 
caufe Sr- Francis Bacon reckons his Difcourfes of Ufc 
and Death to be Natural Hiftory • and becaufe 1 undert 
fland your [elves are alfo appointing means, how to mea- 
fure the Degrees of Heat, Wetnefi, and Windinef in the 
feveralParts of His Majeflies Dominions ) 1 am humbly 
bold to thinly Natural Hiftory alfoi and con[equentlyi that 
1 am obliged to cafl in this [mall Mite into your great 
Treafury ofthat kinde. 
His Majefy being not onely by antient Fight [upremely 
concerned in matters of Government, and Trade,but alfo 
by happy accident Prince of Philofophers, and o/'Phyfi- 
co=Mathematical Learningjnot called fo by Flatterers.and 
ParafiteSy but ready fot m wed by his ownperfonal Abili- The Epiftle Dedicatory. 
ties, as affection concerning thofe matters, upon vohieh Ac- 
ccmpt 1 jhould have humbly dedicated both forts ef my 
Obfervations unto His moji Sacred Majefty i but to be 
Jh or t, 1 knew neither my Worknor my Per Jon fit to bear 
His name, nor to deferve His Patronage. Heverthelefs 
1 haveprefumed to prefent this Pamphlet, Jo far as it re- 
lates to Government, and Trade, to one of His Majeflu s 
Peers, and eminent Minifters of State: fa I do dejire your 
leavey to prefent the fame unto You alfo, as it relates to Na- 
tural Hiftory, and as it depends upon the Mathematiques 
of my Shop- Arithmetique. For You are notonely his Ma. 
jeflies Privy Council for Philofophy, but alfo His Great 
Council You are the three Eftates, viz. the Mathemat icah 
Mechanical, and Phyfical. You are his Parliament of Na- 
ture, and it is no lefs difparagement to the meanejl of your 
number, to fay there may be Commoners as well as Peers in 
Philofophy amongfyou. For my own part 1 count it happi- 
nefi enough to my [elf that there is fuch a Council of Nature, 
as your Society is, in being-,and 1 do with as much earnejl- 
nefs enquire after your Expeditions againfi the Impedi- 
ments of Science,as to know what Armies, and Navies the 
feveral Princes of the World are fetting forth. 1 concern my 
jelf as much to know who are Cur atoms of this or the other 
Experiments,as to know who are Marefchals of France, 
or Chancellour ©/"Sweden./ am as well pleafed to hear 
you are fatisfied in a luciferous Experiment's that a breach 
hath been made in the Enemy’s workj’.andyour ingenious ar- 
guing* immediately fromfenfe, andfafl, areas pleafantto 
me as the noife of vicarious Gum, andTrumpets. 
Moreover, as 1 contend for the Decent Eights, and Cere- 
monies of the Church, fo 1 alfo contend againfl the envious 
Schifmaticks of your Society (who thinlyou do nothing The Epiftle Dedicatory.1 
unlefs you prefetitly tranfmute Metals, make Butter and 
Cheefe without Milky andfas their own Ballad hath it,make 
Leather without Hides) by averting the ufefulnefs of 
even all your preparatory Experiments 
not the Cere monies,but the fubfiance,and principles of ufefutl 
Arts. For, 1 finds in Trade the want of an univerfalmea« 
Jure, and have heard Muficians wrangle about the jufl and 
uniform keeping of time in their Confirts, and therefore can- 
not with patience hear, that your Labours about Vibrati- 
ons eminently conducing to both, Jhouldbeflighted, nor your 
Pendula called Swiugfwangs with {corn. Nor can l 
better endure, that your Exercitations about Air fhouldbe 
termed fit employment onely for Airy Fancies, and not 
adequate Tasks for themofifolid,andpiercingheads. This 
it my Opinion concerning you, and .although l am none of 
your number, nor have the leaf ambition to be fi0 otherwise 
then to become able for your fervice, and worthy of your 
Truft; yet 1 am covetous to have the right of being repie- 
fented by you : to which end 1 dejire, that this little Exhi- 
bition of mine, may be looked upon as a Freeholder V 
Vote for the choojing e/Knights <?w/Burgeffes to fit in the 
Parliament of Nature, meaning thereby, that as the Par- 
liament owns a Free-holder, though he hath but fourty 
Jhillingsa year, to be one of them 5 [0 in the fame manner 
and degree, 1 alfo dejire to be owned as one of you, and that 
no longer, then 1 continue a faith full Friend, and Servant of 
your Defignsy and Per fins, 
J. G. An Index of the T?options} Obfer- 
vations, and Queftions contained in 
this Difcourfe. 
1. 1 He Oceafion of keeping the Accompt of Burials 
JL arofe firflfrom the Plague, v/wz© i yp 23 page 3 
2. Seven Alterations, and Augmentations of the pub- 
HfhedBiWsfetween the years 1 and 16 6 2, pag. 
4, 5> !■> 8,9, 10 
5. Reafons,why the Accompts ©/"Burials,Chriftnings 
jhould be kept univerfally3 and now calledfor 3 and per- 
il fed by the Magiflrate, p. ii 
4. A true Accompt of the Plague cannot be kept, without 
the Accompt of other Difeafes, p. 1 2 
y. The ignorance of the Searchers no impediment to the 
keeping of fufficient3andufe full Accompts, p. 13 
6. That about one third of all that were ever die un- 
der five years old3 awa? about thirty fix per Centum 
under fix, p. 14 
7. That two parts of nine die of Acute, and (evenly of 
two hundred twenty nine of Chronical Difeafes, and 
four of two hundred twenty nine ©/outward Griefs, 
14,15 
8. A Table of the Proportions dying ofthe mofl notorious f 
and formidable Difeafes, or Casualties, p. 16 
9. That feven per of Age, bid. 
10. That /©?»£ Difeafes, keep a eonflant 
proportionjvhereas fame other are very irregular,p. 16, 17 
11. That not above one in four thou(andare Starved,p,i7 The Index. 
12. That it were better to maintain all Beggars at the 
public\ charge, though earning nothingthen to let 
them beg about the Streets $ and that employing them 
without diferetion,may do more harmgthengood, pag. 
1 8, ip 
13. That not one in two thou [and are Murthered in Lon- 
don, with the Rjafons thereof, P-19 
14. That not one in fifteen hundred dies Lunatick, p. 20 
1 5. That few ofthefe,who die of the French-Pox, are fet 
down,hut coloured under the Confumption,££r. pag. 
21, 22 
16. That the Rickets is a new difcafe,both as to 
thing ; that from fourteen dying thereof, Anno 1634, 
it hath gradually encreafed to above five hundred 
Anno 16 do, p. 22, 23, 24 
17 That there is another new Difeafe appearings as A 
Stopping of the Stomach, which hath encreafed in 
twenty years, from fix,to near three hundred, p. 24 
18. That the Riling of the Lights {(uppofed inmofi 
Cafes to be the Fits of the Mother) have alfo en- 
creafed in thirty years3 from fourty four, to two hun- 
dred fourty nine, p, 25,26 
19. That both the Stopping of the Stomach, and Riling 
of the Lights, are probably of, or depend- 
ing upon the Rickets, p. 26 
20. That the Stone decreafes,andis wearing away, ibid. 
21. The Govt/lands at a flay, p. 27 
22. The Scurvie ibid. 
23. The Deaths by reafon of Agues are to thefe caufedby 
Fevers, as one to fourty, ibid. 
24. Abortives, and Stilborn, to thofe that tfr^Chrift- 
ned are as one to ttventy, ibid. 
27* That fince the differences in Religion the Chrifinings The Index. 
have been negleUtd half in half p. 2 g 
26. ‘That not oneWoman in an hundred dies in Child-bed, 
nor one of two hundred in her Labour, ibid. 
27. Three reafons why the Regiftring of Children hath 
been neglefted, p. 29 
28. There was a confufion in the Accompts of Chryfoms, 
Infants, and Convulfions 5 hut rectified in this Di- 
fcourfe, p. 30 
29. There hath been in London within this Age four 
times of great Mortality, vi%. Amo 1592, 1603, 
16253 and 16365 whereof that of 1603 was the great- 
4\ P-3J.32 
30 Annis 1603, and 162^,about a fifth part of the whole 
died, and eight times more then were born, p. 3 2 
31. That a fourth part more die of the Plague then are fet 
down, p. 33 
32. The Plague Anno 1603 lafted eight years, that in 
16% 6 twelve years, but that in 1625 continued hut 
one/ingleyear3 ibid. 
33. That Alterations in the Air do incomparably more 
operate as to the Plaguzythen the Contagion of con- 
verfe, p. 34 
34. That Purples, fmall'Pox, and other malignant Di- 
feafes fore-run the Plague ibid, 
35. A diffoftion in the Air towards the Plague doth alfo 
difpofe women to Abortions,p. 35 
36. That as about f part of the whole people died in the 
great Plagu t-yearsfo two other fifth parts fled, pag. 
35, 36, which Jhews the large relation, and inter eft, 
which the Londoners have in the Country. ibid. 
37. That (be the Plaguegreat, or fmall') the City Is fully 
re-peopled within two years, p. 36 
38. The years, 1618, 203 23, 34,32., 33,34* 1649,52, The Index. 
54> 5<S5 y 8, and 6i, were ficfly p. 37 
39. Themore the year is, the left fertile o/’ Births, 
ibid. 
40. 'That Plagues always come in with Kjngs Reigns is 
moft jaljey p. 38 
42. The Autumn, or the Fall is the moft unhealthfull fea- 
fon, * ibid. 
4T. That in Lpndon there have been twelve Burials for 
eleven Chriftnings, ibid. 
43. That in the Country there have been, contrary-wife, 
ftxty three Chriftnines for fifty two Burials, p. 39 
44. A (upp option, that the people in, and about London, 
are a fifteenth part of the people of all England, and 
Wales, p.40 
45. That there are about fix Millions,and an half of people 
in England, and Wales, ibid. 
46. That the people in the Country double by Procreation 
but in two hundred and eighty years, and in London 
in about hereafter will be ftjewn , the reafon 
whereof vs, that many ofthe breeders leave the Coun- 
try , and that the breeders of London come from all 
parts of the Country, fuel) per fans breeding in the Coun- 
try almoft onely, as were born there, but in London 
multitudes of others, ibid. 
47. That about 6oco per Annum come tip to London 
out of the Country, ibid. 
48. That in London about three die yearly out of eleven 
Families, ibid. 
49. There are about twenty five 'Millions of acres of Land 
in England, and Wales, p. 41 
50. Why the proportion of breeders in London to the 
reft of the people is lefs then in the Country, p. 42 
51. Tlwt in London are more impediments The Index. 
then in the Country, p. 43 
j 2. That there are fourteen Males /or thirteen Females 
in London,' and in the Country but fifteen Males for 
fourteen Females, p. 44 
5-5. Polygamy ufelefi to the multiplication of Man-kjnde, 
without Caftrations, p. 45 
5*4. Why Sheep, and Oxen out-breed Foxes, and other 
Vermin-Animals, ibid. 
5- y. There being fourteen Males to thirteen Females, and 
Males being prolifique fourty years, and Females but 
twenty five, it follows, that in effect there be 560 Males 
to 325 Females, p.46 
56. The (aidinequality is reduced by the latter marriage of 
the Males, and their imployment in Wars, Sea-voi- 
age, and Colonies, ibid. 
57. phyficians have two Women Patients to one Man, 
and yet more Men die then Women, ibid. 
58. The great emiffion of Males into the Wars out of 
London Anno 1642 was inflantly fupplyed, ibid. 
5 9. Caftration is not ufed onely to meliorate the flejh of 
Eatable Animals, but to promote their increafe alfo, 
P-4'7 
60. The true ratio formalis of the evil of Adulteries, 
and Fornications, p. 48 
61. Where polygamy is allowed, Wives can be no other 
then Servants, p. 49 
62. That ninety feven, and fixteen Parijhes of London 
are in twenty years encreafed from feven 10 twelve, 
and in fourty years from twenty three to fifty two, 
ibid. 
<53* The fixteen PariJJjes have encreafed farther then 
the ninety feven, the one having encreafed but from 
nine to ten in the (aid fourty years, p- f° The Index. 
6 4- The ten Out-P arijhes have in fifty four years enereafed 
f rom one to four, p. 5 » 
65* The ninety feven, fxteeen} and ten Pari foes have in 
fifty four years enereafed from two to five, ibid. 
6 6. What great Houfes within the Walls have been turned 
into Tenements, ibid. 
67. Cripplegate-Parith hath mofl enereafed. &c. ibid. 
<5 8. The City removes Weft wards, with the reafons there- 
of* P.*2 
C 9. fcF&y Ludgatew become too narrow a throat for the 
City, ? p. 73 
70. What there be fame Pari foes in London trvo hundred 
times as big as others, ibid. 
71. The natural bignefs, of a Church for the 
Reformed P-5'4. 
72. The City 0/Xondon, and Suburbs, being equally divi- 
ded,would make 100 Panfhes, about the largenef of 
Chrift-church3Blackfriers50r Cohnanftreet, ibid. 
73. There are about 24000 Teeming women in the nine- 
ty feven^fixteen3 and ten Parijhes in, and about Lon- 
don, p. 56 
74. That about three die yearly out of eleven Families con- 
taining each eightperfons, ibid. 
77. are about 12000 Families within the walls of 
London, p. 57 
76. The houfng of the fixteen and ten Suburb-P arijhes 
is thrice as big as that of the ninety feven Parifjoes 
within the walls, ibid. 
77. The number of fouls in the ninety [even, and 
two out-Parijhes is about 384000 ibid. 
78. Whereof 199000 are Males, and 185000 Females 
ibid. 
79* d Table Jhewing of 100 quic If conceptions how many The Index:. 
die within fix years, how many the next Decad,a?idfo 
for every Decad till 76, 58 
80. Tables may be colleFled how many there be m 
London of every Age ajfigned, ibid. 
81. That there be in the t;j,\6,and ten Parijloes near 7O0C0 
Fighting Men, that is, Aden between the Ages of 16, and 
56, ibid. 
82. That Weftminfter, Lambeth, Iflington, Hackney, 
Redriff, Stepney, Newington, contain as many 
people as the 97 Pari floes within the Walls, and are conjc- 
quently f of the whole File, ibid. 
89. iS0 that in, and about London are about 81COO light- 
ing Men, and ad, 5 9 
84. Adam and Eve in 5610 years might have, by the or- 
dinary proportion of Procreation, begotten more peo- 
ple,then are now probably upon the face of the earth, ibid. 
8 7, Wherefore the World cannot be older then the Scriptures 
reprefent it, ibid. 
86. That every Wedding one with another produces four 
Children, ibid. 
87. That in feveral places the proportion betwem the 
Males and Females differ, 60 
88. That in ninety •pears there were juft as many Males as 
Females Buried within a certain great Parifti in the 
Country, ibid. 
89. That a Parifh, con ft fling of about 27O0 Inhabitants,had 
in 90years but 1079 more Chriftnings, then Burials, 
ibid. 
50. There come yearly to dwell at London about 6 000 
flrangers out of the Country, which /wells the Burials g- 
boutioo per Annum, • p. 61 
91. In the Country there have been five Chriftnings for four 
Burials, ibid. The Index. 
92. A that the mofthcaltMutt years are alfo 
themojl fruitfully ibid. 
93. The proportion between the greateft, lead mortalities 
in the Country are greater then the fame in the City, p. 63 
94. The Country Air more capable of good, andbaAim- 
prejfionsjhcnthatof the City, ibid. 
95. The differences alfb of Births are greater in the Coun- 
try, then at London, p. 64 
96. In the Country but about one of fifty dies yearly, but at 
London one of thirty, over and above the Plague, 
p.6f 
97. London not (0 healthfuli now as heretofore, ibid. 
98. It is doubted whether encreafe of or the burn- 
ing of Sea-coal were the eaufe, or both, ibid. 
99. The Art of making of Gold would be neither benefit to the 
Worlds or the Artift, • p. 67 
100. The Elements of true Policy are to underftand through- 
ly the Lands, and hands of any Country, p. 6 8 
lor. "Upon what confiderations the intrinficf value of Lands 
doth depend) ibid. 
102. And in what the Accidental, ibid. 
103. Some of the few benefits of having a true Accompt 
of the people, ibid. 
104 .That but a [mall part of the whole people are imployed 
upon necejfary affairs, p. 6 9 
10y. That a true Accompt of people is necejfary for the 
Government, and Trade of them, and for their 
peace, and plenty, ibid. 
106. Whether this Accompt ought to be confined to the Chief 
Governours, p. 70 THE 
PREFACE. 
Aving been born, and bred in the City of 
sgjTig London, and having always obferved, 
m K that moft of them, who conftantly took 
tg in the weekly Bills of 'Mortality, made 
little other ufe of them, then to look at 
the foot, how the Burials increafed, or decreafed; 
and, among the Cafualties, what had happened rare, 
and extraordinary in the week current: fo as they 
might take the fame as a Text to talk upon in the next 
Company $ and withal!, in the Plague-time , how the 
Sicknefs increafed, or decreafed, that fo the 'Rich 
might judge of the necefsity of their removal, and 
Trades-men might conjedfure what doings they were 
like to have in their refpedtive dealings: 
2. Now, I thought that theWifdomof our City 
had certainly defigned the laudable practice of take- 
ing, and diftributing thefe Accompts, for other, and 
greater ufes,then thofe above-mentioned, or at leaft, 
that fomeother ufes might be made of them: and 
thereupon I cafting mine Eye upon fo many of the 
General Bills, as next came to hand, I found encou- 
ragement from them3to look out all the Bills I could, and (to be fliort) to furnifh my felf with as much mat- 
ter of that kind, even as the Hall of the PariJhMerkj 
could afford me } the which when I had reduced in* 
to Tables (the Copies whereof are here inferted ) fo 
as to have a view of the whole together, in order to 
the more ready comparing of one Tear, 
or other Division of the City, with another, in refpedt 
of all the Burials j and Cbriflmngs, and of all the Dif- 
eafes, and Cafualties, happening in each of them re- 
fpedlively.; I did then begin not onely to examine 
the Conceits, Opinions,and Conjectures,which upon 
view of a few fcattered Bills I had taken up ; but did 
alfo admit new ones, as I found reafon, and occafi- 
on from my Tables. 
3. Moreover, finding fome Truths, and not com- 
monly-believed Opinions,to arifefrommy Meditati- 
ons upon thefe neglected Papers, I proceeded fur- 
ther, to confider what benefit the knowledge of the 
fame would bring to the World; that I might not en- 
gage my felf in idle, and ufelefs Speculations: but, 
(like thole Noble Virtuofi of GrefijanuCoUege, who 
reduce their fubtile Difquifitions upon Nature into 
downright Mechanical ules) prefent the World with 
fome real fruit from thofe ayrie Bloffoms. 
4. How far I have fucceeded in the Premiffes, I 
now offer to the World's cenfure. W ho, I hope,will 
not expect from me, not profeffing Letters, things 
demonftrated with the fame certainty, wherewith 
Learned men determine in their Self ales-, but will take 
it well, that I fhould offer at a new thing, and could 
forbear prefuming to meddle where any of the 
Learned Pens have ever touched before, and that 
I have taken the pains, and been at the charge of fet- ting out thofe Tables, whereby all men may both 
correct my Poftiens,and raife others of their own. 
For herein I have* like a filly Schole-boy, coming to 
fay my Lefson to the World (that Peevifli, and 
Tetchie Mafter) brought a bundle of Rods, where- 
with to be whip’d for every miftake I have com- 
mitted. 
Chap. I. 
Of the Bills of Mortality, their beginning, andpr ogref. 
THc firft of the continued weekly Bills of 
Mortality extant at the Parifk-Clerks Hall, 
begins the twenty ninth of December 1603, being the 
firft year of King James his Reign; fince when a 
weekly Accorapt hath been kept there of Burials,and 
Cbrijlnings. It is true, There were Bills before, 
for the years l592rP}>-94: bat fo interrupted fince, 
that I could not depend upon the fufficiency of 
them, rather relying upon thofe Accompts, which 
have been kept fince in order, as to all the ufes I fhal 1 
make of them. 
2.I believe,that the rife ofikeeping thefeAccompts 
was taken from the Plague: for the faid Bills 
( for ought appears) firft began in the faid year 15 9 7 > 
being a time of great Mortality; and, after fome dif- 
ufc, were refumed again in the year 1603, after the 
great Plague then happening likewife. 
3. Thefe #2///were Printed, and publiihed, not onely every week on Thurfdays, but alfo a general 
Accompt of the whole Year was given in upon the 
Thursday before Cbriflmas-day: which faid general Ac- 
compts have been prefented in the feveral manners 
following,from the Year 160 $ to the Year 1624, 
inclujivly according to the Pattern here inferred. 
1623. 
1624. 
The general Bill for the whole Year of all the Burials, 
and Cbrifinings, as well within the City of London, 
and the Liberties thereof, as in the Nine out- 
Parifhes adjoyning to the City, with the Pefl-koufe 
belonging to the fame: from Tburfday the 18 ,h- of 
December 1623 to Tburfday the 16th* of December 
1624. according to the Report made to the King’s 
moft Excellent Majefty by the Company of the 
Parifli-Clerks of London. 
BUried this Year in the fourfeore and feventeen Parifbes of, 
London within the walls, — , < 
338*' 
Buried this Year in thefixteen Parifhesof London, and the Pefi- 
houfe,being within the Liberties, and without the walls, 
Whereof, of the Plague, — j. 
Whereof, of the Plague, — : 
1 9*4. 
The whole fumm of all the Burials in London, and the Liberties 
thereof is this Year, — —• —•-——> 
91 io. 
Buried of the Plague without the Liberties, in Middlefex, and 
Surrey this whole Year, •—~ , 
Whereof, of the Plague, —. — g 
©. 
Buried this Year in the Nine out-Parifhes, adjoyning to London, ’ 
and out of the Freedom, -■ ■ - — — — j 
Chriftened in London, and the Liberties thereof, this Year, 6$62. 
t?;00. 
Whereof, of the Plague, — ——■- ■ ? 
The Total of all the Burials in the places aforefaid is—*——, mto. 
Whereof? of the Plague, —— — Ir> 
Chriftcned in all the aforefaid places this Year,*— $199 
Parifhes clear of the Plague, —~— ,»■— --i— L 116. 
Parifbes, that have been Infetted this Year, * — - 5 4. In the Year 1625 every Parifli was particulari- 
zed, as in this following Bill: where note, That this 
next year of Plague caufed the Augmentation, and 
Correction of the Bills; as the former year of Plague 
did the very being of them. 
1624. 
Jd25. 
general, or great Bill for this Year, of the whole number 
of Burials, which have been buried oi all Difeafes, and al- 
fo of the I'Ugaa in every Parifh within the City of London, 
and the Liberties thereof asalfoin the nine out-Parifhes ad- 
joyning to the faid City • with the Peft-houfe belonging to the 
Janie: Irom Thurfday the i 6, day of December, 1614. to Thurjday the 
1?. day of December, 1615. according to the Report made to the King’s 
moft Excellent Majefty by the Company of Parifh- Clerks of London. 
LONDON 
Hur. 
Plag. 
Albanes in Woodftreet 
188 
78 
A lhallows Barking — 
•397 
16 3 
Alhallows Breadlireet — 
• 34 
14 
Alhallows rhe Great — 
-441 
301 
Alhallows Hony-lane— 
,8 
8 
AlhalloWs the lefs 
lOf 
Alhallows in Lumbardltr 
.-S6 
44 
Alhallows Srainings 
i S 5 
rj8 
Alhallows the Wall 
301 
* J5 
Alphage Cripple-gate— 
140 
190 
[Andrew-Hubbard 
IA 6 
IOl 
Andrews Underfbaft —- 
21 9 
149 
Andrews bv Wardrobe- 
373 
191 
jAnns at Aldersgate — 
I 96 
118 
jAnns Black Friers 
33« 
i*5 
jAntholins Parifli —— 
61 
31 
jAuftins Parifti — 
71 
4o 
Barthol.at the Exchange- 
24 
Bennets Fink — 
108 
M 
Bennets Grace-Church— 
- 48 
14 
Bennets at Pauls Wharf— 
-zz6 
131 
Bennets Shear hog— 
- 24 
8 
\Botolphs Billings-gate-— 99 
6& 
jChrilts Church Parilh— 6n 
37* 
'Chriftophers Parifh. 
- 48 
r 28 
LONDON. Bur. 
Flag 
Clements by Eaftcheap— 87 
7i 
Dionys Back-Chuich ■— 99 
59 
Dundans in the Eaft — 335 
1 iy 
Edmunds LumbardUreet- 78 
49 
Ethelborow in Bjfhorsg-T?,o? 
101 
St. Faiths •— —• S9 
45 
St. Fofters in Forter-Iane 149 
i 01 
Gabriel Fen church 71 
54 
Georges Botolphs-lane— 30 
* 9 
Gregories by Pauls ——. tpfi 
196 
Hellens in Bifhopsgatefh 136 
7 I 
James by Garlick-hith- 1 80 
109 
John Baptift— —lzi 
7 9 
John Evangelift —— - 7 
0 
John Zacharies 143 
97 
James Dukes place 310 
*54 
Katharine Co'lemanftr. —16' 
175 
Katharine Cree- church - 8$£ 
57$ 
Lawrence in the Jewrie-— 9» 
55 
Lawrence Pountney--^-zo6 
U7 
Leonards Eatlcheap—-■— 5 5 
16 
Leonards Fofterlane-—191 
109 
Magnus Parifh by Bridge-t 37 
85 
Margarets Lothbury———114 
Margarets Mofes — 37 
*y LONDON. 
B ur.Pla. 
Margarets new Fifhftreet- 
8s 
Margarets Pattons — 
' 77 
fo 
Mary Ab-church —■ 98 
58 
Mary Aldermanbury — 
-I 26 
7 9 
Mary Alderniary —" 91 
54 
Mary le Bow 
- 3 5 
19 
Mary Bothaw — 
22 
14 
Mary Coa’-chutch 
- 16 
I ( 
Mary at the Hill*— — 
84 
Mary Mounthaw 
- 76 
58 
Mary Sommerfet 
-X70 
192 
Mary Staining* 
70 
44 
Mary Woolchurch 
- 58 
35 
Mary Woolnoth —> — 
- 8 x 
5° 
Martins Ironmonger-lane 15 
18 
Martins at Ludgate 
-2?4 
164 
Martins Orgars 
- 88 
47 
Martins Outwich 
- 60 
30 
Martins in the Vintry — 
-3 39 
208 
Matthew Friday-ftreet— 
- 24 
11 
Maudlins in Milk-ftreet- 
401 
13 
Maudlins 01d-fifh-ftieet-2 2j 142 
Michael Bailifhaw 
-19 9M9 
Michael Corn-Hill —- 
-159 
l 79 
LONDON.. Bur. ?l<t. , 
Michael Crooked-lane *->144 
91 I 
Michael Queen-hith — 
157 I 
Michael in the Quern-— 53 
3° ] 
Michael in the Royal-—Hi 
61 ! 
Michael in Wood-ftre«t-*l89 
63 ■ 
Mildreds Bread-ftrect — <0 
44 ; 
Mildreds Poulcrey———* 94 
45 
Nicholas Aeons —— 33 
13 ! 
Nicholas Coal-Abby87 
67 
Nicholas Olaves —-—. 70 
43 ! 
Olaves in Hart-ftreet >166 19c 
Olaves in the Jewry 43 
*5 
Olaves in Silver-ftreet—174103 
Pancras by Soper- lane—17 
8 i 
Peters in Cheap——— 68 
44 • 
Peters in Corn-hill'——318 
78 
Peters at Pauls Wharf-—• 
68 
Peters poor in Broadftreet. 5, 
i7 
Stevens in Coalmanftreet.506 
3 5° 
Stevens in Walbrook 2y 
13 
Swithinsat London-ftone-99 
60 
Thomas Apoftles —•—141 
107 
Trinity Parifb --148 
87 
Buried within the 97 Varifhes within the Walls > of all Difeafes, ~—14340. 
Where of, of the Plague, — 9197, 
Andrews in Holborn—1190 
1636 
Bartholmew the Great—• ? 16 
z6o 
Bartholmew the lefs —. 111 
6s 
Brides Parifh —1481 
1031 
Botolph Algate 2573 
I6J3 
Bridewel Precinft xi? 
iSz 
Botolph Bifhopsgate —1334 
7i4 
Botolphs Aldersgate— 578 
397 
Dunftanes the Weft— 860 
6 42' 
Georges Southwark 
1608 
91 * 
Giles Cripplegate — 
3?S8 
>338 
Olavcs in Southwark — 
3^89 
z6 09 
Saviours in Southwark- 
■174 6 
1671 
Sepulchres Parilh 
1410 
Thomas in Southwark- 
-33* 
277 
Trinityinthe Minories- 
131 
87 
At the Peft-houfe- ■■ —194 
i8? 
Buried in the 16 Varifhes without the Walls, jlanding part within 
the Liberties,and part without: in Middlejex,and Surrey,and 
I 1697iz 
at the Peft-houfe. ■ ■ —‘ J 
whereof,of theVldguey —"T— 171 Buried in the nine out-Parifhes. 
Clements Temple-bar— 
1284 
! 7*5 
Giles in the Fields — 
133? 
947 
James at Clarken-well- 
1191 
903 
Katharins by the Tower- 
-998 
744 
Leonards in Shoreditch- 
199* 
1407 
Martins in the Fields— 
1470 
973. 
Mary White-chapel — 
3?of 
Magdalens Bermondfey 
1117 
889! 
Savoy Paridi 
ajo 
I7<P 
Buriedin the nine out-Parifbcs, in Middlefex, and SurreyrIi9?$ 
Where of, of the Plague, — - 9067 
The Total of all the Burials of all Difeafes, within the 'Jails, 
without the Walls, in the Liberties, in Middlefex, and 
Surrey: with the nine Out-Parijhes, and the Peft-houfe. 
Whereof, Buried of the Plague, this prejent year, is <■* 3^417 
Chrifluings thisprejent year, is --- — — 6983 
Parifhes in felted this year, is —— * 1 
Parifhes clear this year, is— - — ui 
5. In the Year 1626, the City of tVeflminflerjin i- 
mitation of London, wasinferted. The grofs accompt 
of the and Chrifienings, with diftindtion of the 
Blague being onely taken notice of therein; the fifth, 
or laft Canton, or Lined-fpace, of the faid Bill, being 
varyed into the form following, vi%. 
Buried >\j\ 
Blague —— 13 
Chriflenings 3d I 
In Wefiminfler this Year 
6. In the Year 1629, an accompt oi the Difea/es, 
and Cajualties3 whereof any dyed, together with the 
diftin&ion of Males and Females, making the fixth 
Canton of the Bill, was added in manner 
ing. 
The Canton of Cafualties, and of the Fill for the 
Tear 1632, being of the fame form with that 
of 1619. TheDijeafeSj and Cafualties this year being 1632. 
ABortive, and Stilborn — 44? 
Affrighted— 1 
Aged _______ $28 
Ague — 43 
Apoplex, and Meagrom — 17 
Bit with a mad dog -v— 1 
Bleeding — 3 
Bloody flux,fcowring, and flux 348 
Brufed, Ilfues, fores, and ulcers, 18 
Burnt, and Scalded -- ■ — 5 
Burft:, and Rupture 9 
Cancer, and Wolf 10 
Canker 1 
Childbed 171 
Chrifomes, and Infants r 2268 
Cold, and Cough •-— yy 
Colick, Stone, and Strangury— 56 
Confumption — ■■■- 1797 
Convuliion —— — —— 241 
Cut of the Stone .—•— 5 
Dead in the ftreet, and ftarved— 6 
Dropfie, and Swelling 267 
Drowned ■—• 34 
Executed, and preft to death— 18 
Falling Sicknefs — 7 
Fever —•——■ 1108 
Fiftula — —.—• -— 13 
Flocks, and finall Pox _ — —• y 31 
French Pox ——, 1 2 
Gout——— | 
Jaundies —— — 43 
Jaw-fain— — ■— 8 
Impoftume ■ —» . 
Kil’d by feveral accidents"——- 4 6 
King’s Evil — —— __ 3 8 
Fivergrown —— .— 87 
Made away themfelves — 1 y 
Mealies—*■■■ ■ -—-—'■—— 80 
Over-laid, and ftatved at nurfe— 7 
Pallie •—■—— • • y 
Plague 8 
Pleurifie,and Spleen———— 
Purples, and fpotted Feavcr •— 38 
Riling of the Lights — 98 
Scurvy, and Itch •——■—.— . ~ 
Suddenly 
Swine-Pox ———■ —5 
Thrufh, and Sore-mouth ——. 40 
Tympany —* . 13 
Tiflick — 34 
Chriftened 
'Males—4994 
Females-4 590 
-In all— 9584 
Buried* 
'Males •—‘’4932/ 
Females 4^03 
-In all 953f. 
Whereof, 
of the 
Plague 8 
Increafed in the Burials in the 122 Parifhes,and at the Peft-houfe this year, yp| 
Pccreafed of the Plague in the 122 Parifhes.and at the Peft-houfe this year, 661 
7. In the year 16^6, the Accompt of the Burials, 
and Cbrifinings, in the Pariflies of ljlington, Lambeth, 
Stepney, Newington, Hackney, and Re dr iff, were added in the manner following, making a feventh Can- 
ton, vi\. 
In Margarets 
Weftminfter 
Chriftned —440 
Buried———■ 8 90 
Plague —-— o 
Newington 
Chriftned 99 
Buried 181 
.Plague- — o 
Chriftned-’— 36 
Buried — 113 
.Plague °, 
Iflington 
Hackney 
Chriftned— 3° 
Buried — 91 
.Plague—■ — o 
Chriftned ■—ijaj 
Buried —.— 220 
Plague »•— o 
Lambeth 
Chriftned — r<* 
Buried———* 4-8 
.Plague- o 
Stepney 
Chriftned *—892' 
Buried — — I48tf, 
.Plague 
Red riff 
The total of all the Burials inthe f'even lafl Parifhes this Year—2958 
Whereof of the Plague — ■■■■— 0 
The total of all the Chrillnittgs —— - ■ ■— 1^4? 
8. Covent-Garden being made a Parifh,the nine out- 
Parifhes were called the ten out-Parifhes,the which in 
former years were but eight. 
9. In the year 1660 the Iaft-mentioned ten 
parifhe?, with Jflington, Lambeth, Stepney, 
Newington, Hackney, and Xedriff, are entred under 
two Divifions, the one containing the twelve 
Parifhes lying in Middlefex, and Surrey5 and the other 
the five Parifhes within the City, and Liberties of 
iVjJ}rninJler,viz.St'Clement-Dane's,St.Paurs;Covent-Gar- 
denl St. Martins in the Fields, St.Mary+Savoy, and 
St. Margaret's Wejlminfier. 
10. We have hitherto deferibed the feveral fteps, 
whereby the Bills of Mortality are come up to their 
prefent ftate 5 we come next to fliew how they are 
made, and compofed, which is in this manner, 
When anyone dies, then, either by tolling,or ringing of a Bell, or by befpeaking of a Grave of the Sexton, 
the fame is known to the Searchers, correfponding 
with the faid Sextoji. 
ii. The Searchers hereupon ( who are antient 
Matrons, fworn to their Office) repair to the place, 
where the dead Corps lies, and by view of the fame, 
and by other enquiries,they examine by what Difeafe, 
or Cafuatty the Corps died. Hereupon they make 
their Report to the Parifh-Clcr\, and he, every Tuef 
in an Accompt of ail the Burials 
Ckriftnings, happening that Week, to the Clerk^of the 
Hall. On Wednesday the general Accompt is made up, 
and Printed, and on Thurfdays publilhed, and difper- 
fed to the feveral Families, who will pay four (hillings 
per Annum for them. 
12. Memorandum,That although the general yearly 
Bills have been fet out in the feveral varieties afore- 
mentioned , yet the Original Entries in the Hall- 
books were as exatft in the very firft Year as to all 
particulars, as now ; and the fpecifyingof Cafualties, 
and Difeafes, was probably more. 
Chap. II. 
General Objervations upon the Cajualties. 
IN my Difcourfes upon thefe Bills I (hall firft fpeak 
of the Cafualties, then give my Obfervations with 
reference to the Places, and Parises comprehended 
in the M//5 and next of thq Tears, and Seafons. 1. There feems to be good reafon, why the A<fa- 
pjflrate fliould himfelf take notice of the numbers of 
Burials,and Chritfinings,viz.to fee, whether the City en- 
creafe,or decreafe in people; whether it encreafe pro- 
portionably with the reft of the Nation ; whether it 
be grown big enough, or too big, &c. But why the 
fame ihould be made known to the People,otherwife 
then to pleafe them as with a curiofity, I fee not. 
2. Nor could I ever yet learn (from the many I 
have asked, and thofe not of theleaft Sagacity') to 
what purpofe the diftindtion between Males and Fe- 
males is inferted, or at all taken notice of ? or why 
that of Marriages was not equally given in > Nor is 
it obvious to every body, why the Accompt of Ca[u- 
alties (whereof we are now fpeaking) is made ? The 
reafon, which feems moft obvious for this is, 
That the ftate of Health in the City may at all times 
appear. 
3. Now it may be Objected, That the fame de- 
pends moft upon the Accompts of Epidemical Difea- 
fes, and upon the chief of them all,th e Blague where- 
fore the mention of the reft feems onely matter of 
curiolity. 
4. But to this we anfwer, That the knowledg even 
of the numbers,which die of t\\t Blague notfuffici- 
ently deduced from the meer Report of the Search- 
ers•, which onely the Bills afford; but from other Ra- 
tiocinations, and comparings of the Blague with fome 
other Cafualties. 
y. For we {hail make it probable, that in Years of 
Blague a quarter-part more dies of that Difeafe then 
are fet down ; the fame we fliall alfo prove by the 
other Cafualties. Wherefore, if it be neceffary to im- part to the World a good Accompt of fome few Ca- 
jualties, which fince it cannot well be done without 
giving an Accompt of them all, then is our ‘common 
pra&ife of fo doing very apt, and rational. 
6. Now, to make thefe Corrections upon the per* 
haps ignorant,and carelefs Searchers Reports, I con- 
fidered firft of what Authority they were in them- 
felves, that is, whether any credit at all were to be 
given to their Diftinguifhments: and finding that 
many of the Cafualties were but matter of fenfe, as 
whether a Childe were Abortive, or Stilborn,whether 
men were Aged, that is to fay, above fixty years old , 
or thereabouts, when they died, without any curi- 
ous determination, whether fuch Aged perfons died 
purely of Aye, as for that the Innate heat was quite ex- 
tinct, or the 'Radical moiflure quite dried .up (for I 
have heard fome Candid Phyficians complain of the 
darknefs, which themfelves were in hereupon) I fay, 
that thefe Diftinguifhments being but matter of 
fenfe, I concluded the Searchers Report might be 
iufHcient in the Cafe. 
7. As for Confumptions, if the Searchers do but truly 
Report ( as they may) whether the dead Corps were 
very lean, and worn away, it matters not to many of 
our purpofes, whether the Difeafe were exactly the 
fame, as Phyficians define it in their Books. More- 
over, In cafe a man of feventy five years old died of 
a Cough (of which had he been free, he might have 
poflibly lived to ninety) I efteem it little errour (as to 
many of our purpofes) if this Perfon be, in the Table 
of Cafualties, reckoned among the 4ged3 and not 
placed under the Title of Coughs. 
8. In the matters of Infants I would defire but to know clearly, what the Searchers mean by Infants, as 
whether Children that cannot fpeak3 as the word In- 
pant feems tofignifie3or Children under two or three 
years old, although I (hould not be fatisfied,whether 
the Infant died oiWinde, or of Teeth, or of the Con- 
vulfion, &c. or were choaked with Phlegm, or elfe 
of Teeth, Convuljlon, and sconring, apart, or together, 
which,they fay,do often caufe one another:for3I fay, 
it is fomewhat to know how many die ufually before 
they can fpeak, or how many live paft any afligned 
number of years, 
9. I fay, it is enough;if we know from the 
Searchers but the molt predominant Symptoms 3 as 
that one died of the Head- Ach 3 who was forely tor- 
mented with it, though the Phyficians were of Opini- 
on, that the Difeafe was in the Stomach. Again, if one 
died [uddenly, the matter is not great, whether it be 
reported in the Bills, Suddenly, Jpoplexic, or Planet- 
Jl rue ken, &c. 
10. To conclude. In many of thefe Cafes the 
Searchers are able to report the Opinion of the Pby- 
fician, who was with the Patient, as they receive the 
fame from the Friends of the Defund:: and in very 
many Cafes, fuch as Drowning, Scalding,, Bleeding, 
Vomiting, making-aw ay themfelves 5 Punatiques, Sores0 
SmalPPox, &c. their own fenfes arc fufficient; 
and the generality of the World are able pretty well 
to diftinguifh the Gowt, Stone3 Dropfe, Falling-Sick- 
3 AguesfPleuripy,pickets,one from another. 
11. But now as for thofe Cafualties, which are 
apteft to be confounded, and miftaken, I fhall in the 
enfuing Difcourfe prefume to touch upon them fo 
far, as the Learning of thefe Bills hath enabled me. 12. Having premifcd thefe general Advertife- 
ments, our firft Obfervation upon the Cafualties fliall 
be, That in twenty Years there dying of all Difeafes, 
and Cafualties, 229 2 50,that 71124 dyed of the Thrufh, 
Convuljion, Packets, Teeth, and Worms j and as Ahor' 
fives, Cbryfomes, Infants, Liver-grown, and Over-laid; 
that is to fay, that about f of the whole died of thofe 
DifeafeSj which we guefs did all light upon Children 
u nder four or five Years old. 
13. There died alfo of the Small-Pox, Swine-Pox, 
and Meafles 5 and of Worms without Convulfions, 
12210 . of which number we fuppofe likewife, that 
about \ might be Children under fix Years old. 
]S!ow, if we confider that fixteen of the faid 229250 
died of that extraordinary and grand Cajudlty, the 
Plague, we fliall finde that about thirty fix per Centum 
of all quick conceptions died before fix Years old. 
14. The fecond Obfervation is, That of the faid 
22925*0 'dying of all Difeafes, there died of acute 
Difeafes ( the Plague excepted ) but about Joooo, or 
-f parts. The which proportion doth give a meafure 
of the State, and Difpofition of this Climate, and Air, 
as to health > thefe acute, and Epidemical Difeafes hap- 
pening fuddenly, and vehemently upon the like cor- 
ruptions, and alterations in the Air. 
15. The third Obfervation is, That of the faid 
229250 about feventy died of Chronical Difeafes, 
which fliews (as I conceive) the State,and Difpofition 
of the Country ( including as well its Foody as Air) in 
reference to healthy or rather to longevity: for as the 
proportion of acute and Epidemical Difeafes fliews 
the aptnefs of the Air to fudden and vehement Im- 
preflions; fo the Chronical Difeafes fhew the ordinary temper of the Place : fo that upon the proportion of 
Chronical Difeafes feems to hang the judgment of the 
fitnefs of the Country tot longlife. For, I conceive, 
that in Countries fubjed to great epidemical {weeps 
men may live very long, but,where the proportion of 
the Chronicaldiftempers is great, it is not likely to be 
fo i becaufe men being long fick, and always fickly, 
cannot live to any great age, as we fee in feveral forts 
of Metal-men, who although they are lefs fubjed to 
acute Difeafes then others, yet feldom live to be old, 
that is, not to reach unto thofe years, which David 
faies is the age of man. 
16. The fourth Obfervation is3 That of the faid 
229270 not 4000 died of outward Griefs, as of Can- 
cers, Fifiulas, Sores, Ulcers, bi open and bruifed Limbs, 
Impojlumes, Itch, Kings-evil,Lepiojie, Scald-head,Swine- 
Pox, IFenSj &cc. vi\. not one in 60. 
17. In the next place, whereas many perfons live 
in great fear, and apprehenfion offorae of the more 
formidable and notorious Difeafes following 3 I lhall 
onely fet down how many died of each: that the re- 
fpedive numbers, being compared with the Total 
229270, thofe perfons may the better underftand the 
hazard they are in. 
"Table of notorious Difeafes. 
Jpoplex 1 
0/ the Stone 0038' 
Failing-Siobnef *—■ - 0074 
Bead in the Streets —0243 
Cowt" -0134 
Head-Acb ■ ■—*—0051 
Jaundice - —09c' 8 
Lethargy ——.—0Q67 
Lept°Jy * 0006 
Lunatique- ■■■»—- —0158 
\Overhid>and Starved-oyzy 
'Falfy — -0423 
Rupture —1 — —— ■~-0201 
Stone, and Strangury—0863 
Sciatica — — ——CC07 
Sodainly« ■ ■ 0454 Table of Cafualties. 
Bleeding —— o 69 
Kit'd, by feveral 
accidents 
102 I 
Burnt, and 
Scalded 
I2| 
Murthered “—008^ 
Poyfoned — -—'-014. 
S mothered 026 
shot • - 007 
Starved 051 
Vomiting —■ 13 6 
Drowned .—-829 
Excejfive drinking 002 
Fright ed ■— 1 022 
C rief — 279 
Hanged themfelves 2 2 2 
18. In the foregoing Obfervations we ventured 
to make a Standard of the healthfulnefs of the Air 
from the proportion of Acute and Epidemicaldifea- 
fes, and of the wholefomenefs of the Food from that 
of the Chronical. Yet, forasmuch as neither of them 
alone do (hew the longevity of the Inhabitants, we 
fhall in the next place come to the more abfolute Stan- 
dard,and Correction of both, which is the proportion 
of the aged, vi\. 15757 to the Total 229250. That is 
of about 1 to 17, or 7 per Cent. Onely the queftion 
is, what number of years the Searchers call Aged, 
which I conceive muft be the fame, that David calls 
fo, vi\. 70. For no man can be faid to die properly 
of Age, who is much lefs. It follows from hence, That 
if in any other Country more then feven of the 100 
live beyond 70, fuch Country is to be efteemed more 
healthful then this of our City. 
19. Before we fpeak of particular Cafualties, we 
fhall obferve, that among the feveral Casualties fome 
bear a conftant proportion unto the whole number 
of 'Burials - fuch are Chronical Difeafes, and the dif- 
eafes, whereunto the City is molt fubjed:; as for Example, Confumptions, Dropfies, Jaundice, Gowt, Stone3 
Palfc, Scurvy, rifmg of the Lights,or Mother, Rickets’, 
Aged, Agues, Leavers, Bloody-Flux, and Scowring: nay 
fome Accidents, as Grief, Drowning, Mens making 
away them]elves, and being Ril'd by fever al Accidents , 
&c. do the like, whereas Epidemical, and Malignant 
difeafes, as the Plague, Purples, Spotted-Feaver, Small- 
Pox, and Meajles do not keep that equality, fo as in 
fome Years,or Moneths,there died ten times as many 
as in others. 
Chap. Ill, 
Of .Particular Cafualties. 
i, jk yffYfirft Obfervation is, That few arc flawed. 
1V1 This appears, for that of the 229250, which 
have' died, we find not above fifty one to have been 
flawed 5 excepting helplefs Infants at Nurfe, which 
being cauled rather by carlefsnefs, ignorance, and 
infirmity of the Milch-women, is not properly an ef- 
fect, or fign of want of food in the Countrey, or of 
means to get it. 
2. The Obfervation which I fliall add hereunto, 
is,That the vaft numbers of Beggar arming up and 
down this City, do all live, and feem to be moft of 
them healthy, and ftrong; whereupon I make this 
Queftion, Whether, fince they do all live by begging, 
that is, without any kind of labour j it were not bet- 
ter for the State to keep them, even although they 
earned nothing; that fo they might live regularly , 
and not in that Debauchery, as many Beggars do} and that they might be cured of their bodily Impo- 
tences, or taught to work, &£. each according to his 
condition, and capacity ; or by being employed in 
fomework (not better undone,) might beaccuftom- 
ed, and fitted for labour. 
3. To this fome may Objed, That Beggars are 
now maintained by voluntary Contributions, where- 
as in the other way the fame niuft be done by a ge- 
neral Tax 5 and confequently,the Objeds of Charity 
would be removed, and taken away. 
4. To which we Anfwer, That in Holland, al- 
though no where fewer Beggars appear to charm up 
commiferation in the credulous,yet no where is there 
greater, or more frequent Charity: onely indeed the 
Magiftrate is both the Beggar, and the dijpofer of what 
is gotten by begging-, fo as all Givers have a Moral 
certainty, that their Charity (hall be well applied. 
5. Moreover, Iqueftionj Whether what we give 
to a Wretch, that fhews us lamentable fores, and mu- 
tilations, be always out of the pureft Charity > that is, 
purely for God's lake; for as much as when we fee 
fiich Objeds, we then feel in our felves akindeof 
pain, andpaflion byconfent; of which we eafeour 
felves, when we think we have eafed them, with 
whom we fympathized: or elfe we befpeak afore- 
hand the like commiferation in others towards our 
felves, when we lhall (as we fear we may) fall into 
the like diftrefs. 
6. We have faid, ’Twere better the Vnblic\Jhonld 
keep the Beggars, though they earned nothing., &c. But 
moft men will laugh to hear us fuppofe,That any able 
to work (as indeed moft Beggars are, in one kind of 
meafure, or another) Should* be kept without earning any thing. But we Anfwer, That if there be but a 
certain proportion of work to be done; and that the 
fame be already done by the then to em- 
ploy the Beggars about it, will but transfer the want 
from one hand to another ; nor can a Learner work 
(o cheap as a skilfull pradfifed Artift can. As for ex- 
ample 5 a pradtded Spinner (hall fpin a pound of 
Wool worth two (hillings for fix pence > but a learner, 
undertaking it for three pence, (hall make the Wool 
indeed into Yarn, but not worth twelve pence. 
7. This little hint is the model of the greateft 
work in the W orld, which is the making of England as 
confiderable for Trade as for there is but a 
certain proportion of Trade in the world, and Hol- 
land is prepofiefsed of the greater part of it, and is 
thought to have more skill, and experience to man- 
age it: wherefore, to bring England into Holland's 
condition, as to this particular, is the fame, as to fend 
all the Beggars about London into the Weft -Countrey to 
Spin, where they (hall onely fpoil the Clothiers Wool, 
and beggar the prefent Spinners at belt; but, at 
worft, put the whole Trade of the Countrey to a 
ftand, untill the Hollander, being more ready for it, 
have Inapt that with the reft. 
8. My next Obfervation is, That but few are 
Murtkered, viz. not above 8dof the 229270, which 
have died of other Difeafes,and Cafualties j whereas 
in Paris few nights (cape without their Tragedie. 
9. The Reafons of this we conceive to be Two: 
One is the Government, and Guard of the City by Ci- 
tizens themfelves , and that alternately. No man 
fettling into a Trade for that employment. And the 
other is, The natural, and cuftomary abhorrence of that inhumane Crime,and all BloodJJjedby raoft Englifh- 
: for of all that are Executed few are for Mur- 
ther. Befides the great and frequent Revolutions,and 
Changes of Government fince the year 1650, have 
been with little bloodjhed; the Vfurpers themfelves 
having Executed few in companion, upon the 
Accomptof difturbing their Innovations. 
10. In brief, when any dead Body is found in 
England, no Algebraijl, or 'Vneipherer of Letters, can 
ufe more fubtile fuppofitions, and variety of conje= 
<5tures to finde out the Demonftration, or Cipher, 
then every common unconcerned Perfon doth to 
finde out the Murtherers, and that forever, until°it 
be done. 
11. The Lunaticks are alfo but few, vi%. 15*8 in 
2292yo. though I fear many more then are fet 
down in our Bills, few being entred for fuch, but 
thofe who die at Bedlam s ana there all feem to dy of 
their Lunacy, who died Lunaticks; for there is much 
difference in computing the number of Lunaticks, that 
die (though of Fevers, and all other Difeafes, unto 
which Lunacy is no Superfedeets ) and thofe,'that dy 
by reafon of their Madnefs. 
12. So that, this Cafualty being fo uncertain,I (hall 
not force my felf to make any inference from the 
numbers, and proportions we finde in our Bills con- 
cerning it: ouelyi dare enfure any man at this pre- 
fent, well in his Wits, for one in the thoufand,that he 
fhall not die a Lunatic\\n Bedlam, within thefe feven 
years, becaufe I finde not above one in about one 
thoufand five hundred have done fo. 
13. The like ufe may be made of the Accompts 
of men, that made away themfelves, who are another fort of Mad-men, that think to eafe themfelves of 
pain by leaping into Hell; or elfe are yet more Mad, 
fo as to think there is no fuch place; or that men may 
go to reft by death, though they die in felf-murther, 
the greateftSin. 
14. We (hall fay nothing of the numbers of thofe, 
that have been V rowned, Killed by falls from Scaffolds, 
or by Carts running over them, &c. becaufe the fame 
depends upon the cafual Trade, and Employment of 
men, and upon matters which are but circumftantial 
to theSeafons, and Regions we live in $ and affords 
little of that Science, and Certainty we aim at. 
15. We findeone Ca(ualty in our Bills, of which, 
though there be daily talk, there is little effect, much 
like our abhorrence of Toads, and Snakes, as moft poi- 
fonous Creatures, whereas few men dare fay upon 
their own knowledge, they ever found harm by ei- 
ther and this Cafualty is the French-Pox, gotten, for 
the moft part, not fo much by the intemperat ufe of 
Venery { which rather caufeth the Gorvt) as of many 
common Women. 
16. I fay,the Bills of Mortality would take off thefe 
Bars,which keep fome men within bounds, as to thefe 
extravagancies: for in the afore-mentioned 929250, 
we finde not above 392 to have died of the Pox. 
Now, forasmuch as it is not good to let the World 
be lulled into a fecurity, and belief of Impunity 
by our Bills, which we intend lhallnot beonely as 
Death's-heads to put men in mind of their Mortality, 
but alfo as Mercurial Statues to point out the moft 
dangerous ways, that lead us into it, and mifery. We 
fhall therefore fhew, that the Pox is not as the Toads, 
and Snakes afore-mentioned, but of a quite contrary nature, together with the reafon, why it appears o- 
therwife. 
17. Forasmuch as by the ordinary difcourfe of the 
world it feems a great part of men have, at onetime, 
or other, had fome[pecies of this Difeafe, I wonder- 
ing why fo few died of it, efpeciaily becauie I could 
not take that to be fo harmlefs, whereof fo many 
complained very fiercely ; upon enquiry I found 
that thofe, who died of it out of the Hofpitals (efpe- 
cially that of IQngs-Land, and the Loc\\n Southward) 
were returned of Ulcers. and Sores, And in brief I 
found, that all mentioned to die of the French-Pox 
were returned by the Clerks of Saint Giles, and Saint 
Martins in the Fields onely , in which place I 
ftood that moft of the vileft and molt miferable 
houfes of uncleannefs were: from whence I con- 
eluded, that onely hatedperfons,and fuch,whofe very 
JSIofes were eaten of, were reported by the Searchers 
to have died of this too frequent Maladie. 
ig. In the next place it ihall be examined under 
what name, or Cafudtie, fuch as die of thefe Difeafes 
are brought in : I fay, under the Confumption; foras- 
much , as all dying thereof die fo emaciated and 
lean (their Ulcers difappearing upon Death ) that the 
Old-women Searchers after the mift of a Cup of Ale, 
and the bribe of a two-groat fee,inftead of one,given 
them, cannot tell whether this emaciation,or leannefs 
were from a Phthifis, or from an Fever, Atro- 
phy, &c. or from an Infection of the 
parts,which in length of time;and in various difguifes 
hath at laft vitiated the habit of the Body, and by dif- 
abling the parts to digeft their nourifhment brought 
them to the condition of leannefs above-mentioned. xp. My next Obfervation is, that of the Jackets we 
finde no mention among the Cajualties; untill the 
year 16 34, and then but of 14 for that whole year. 
20. Now the Queftion is, Whether that Difeafe 
did firft appear about that time; or whether a Dif- 
eafe, which had been long before, did then firft re- 
ceive its Name ? 
21. To clear this Difficulty out of the Bills (for I 
dare venture on no deeper Arguments) I enquired 
what other Cafualties before the year 1634, named 
in the Bills, was moft like the Rickets, and found, 
notonelyby Pretenders to know ir, but alfo from 
other Bills, that Liver-grown, was the neareft. For in 
fome years Ifindc Liver-grown, Spleen, and Rickets, 
put all together, by reafon ( as I conceive) of their 
likenefs to each other. Hereupon I added the Liver- 
growns of the year 1634, vi%. 77, to the Rickets of 
the fame year, vi%. 14, making in all 91; which Total, 
as alfo the Number 77 itfelf, I compared with the 
Liver-grown of the precedent year, 1633, vi%. 82: 
All which fhewed me, that the Rickets was a new 
Difeafe over and above. 
22. Now, this being but a faint Argument,I look- 
ed both forwards and backwards, and found, that in 
the year 1629, when no Rickets appeared, there was 
but 94 Liver-grortvns 5 and in the year 1636 there was 
99 Liver-grown, although there were alfo yo of the 
Rickets: onely this is not to be denyed, that when 
the Rickets grew very numerous (as in the year 1660 
to be 521) then there appeared not above 15 of 
Liver.grown. 
23. in the year 16 s9 were 441 Rickets, and 8 
Liver-grown. In the year 1658 were 476 Rickets,and fi Liver-grown, Now, though it be granted that 
thefe Difeafes were confounded in the judgment of 
the Nurfes, yet it is raoft certain, that the Liver-grown 
did never but once, vi\. Anno 1530, exceed 100. 
whereas Anno \660, Liver-grown, and Rickets were 
53*. 
24. It is alfo to beobferved, that the Rickets were 
nevermore numerous then now, and that they are 
ftiil encrealing; for Anno 1*49, there was but 190, 
next after that 329, andfo forwards, 
with fome little ftarting backwards in fome years, 
until the year 1660, which produced the greatest 
of all. 
if. Now, fuchback-ftartings feem to be univer- 
fal in all things/ for we do not onely fee in the pro- 
greffive motion of the wheels of Watches, and in the 
rowing of Boats, that there is a little ftarting, or 
jerking backwards between every ftep forwards, but 
alfo (if I am not much deceived ) there appeared 
the like in the motion of the Moon, which in the 
long Telefcopes at Grefham-CoHege one may fenfibly 
difcern. 
26. There feems alfo to be another new Difeafe, 
called by our Bills The flopping of the Stomach, firft 
mentioned in the year, 1636, the which Malady from 
that year to 1*47, encreafed but from * to 29 ; Anno 
16?5 it came to be 145. In 77, to 277. In 60, to 
314. Now thefe proportions far exceeding the dif- 
ference of proportion generally arifing from the en- 
creafe of Inhabitants, and from the refort of Ad- 
venes to the City, Ihews there is fome new Difeafe, 
which appeareth to the Vulgar, as A flopping of the 
Stomach. 2J. Hereupon I apprehended that this Stopping 
might be the Greenfickpefl, forasmuch as I finde few, 
or to have been returned upon that Accompt, 
although many be vifibly ftained with it. Now whe- 
ther the fame be forborn out of fliame, I know not? 
For fince the world believes, that Marriage cures it, 
it may feem indeed a fliame, that any Maid fliould die 
uncured, when there are more Males then Females, 
that is, an overplus of Husbands to all that can be 
Wives. 
28. In the next place I conjectured, that this 
flopping of the Stomach might be the Mother, forasmuch 
as I have heard of many troubled with Mother-fits 
( as they call them ) although few returned to have 
died of them which conjecture, if it be true, we 
may thenfafely fay, That the Mother-fits have alfo 
encreafed. 
29. But I was fomewhat taken off from thinking 
this flopping of the Stomach to be the Mother, becaufe I 
guefled rather the Fifing of the Lights might be it. For 
Iremembred that fome Women, troubled with the 
Mother-fits, did complain of a choakingin theirTkroats. 
Now as I underftand, it is more conceivable, that 
the Lights, or lungs ( which I have heard called The 
Bellows of the Body ) not blowing, that is, neither vent- 
ing out, nor taking in breath, might rather caufe fuch 
a Ckoakingj then that the Mother fliould rife up thither, 
and do it. For me-thinks, when a woman is with 
childe, there is a greater riling, and yet no fuch Fits 
at all. 
30. But what I have laid of the Rickets, and flopping 
of the Stomach, I do in fome meafure fay of the 
Rifing of the Lights alfo, that thefe Rijings (be they what they will) have eocreafed much above the 
general proportion; for in 1629 there was but44. 
and in n*6o, 249, vi%. almoft fix times as matron 
31. Now forasmuch a? Rjcfyts appear much in 
the Over-growing ob Childrens and Spleens (as by 
the Bills may appear ) which furely may caufeflopping 
of the Stomach by fqueezing, and crowding upon that 
part. And forasmuch as thefe C boatings, or Fjflngs 
of the Lights may proceed from the fame findings, 
as make the Liver, and Spleen to over-grow their 
due proportion. And laftly, forasmuch as the ffjekc 
ets, flopping of the Stomach, androf'the Lights, have 
all encreafed together, and in fome kinde of corre- 
fpondent proportions5 it feems to me, that they 
depend one upon another. And that what is the 
Thickets in children may be the other in more grown 
bodies, for furely children, which recover of the 
pickets, may retain fomewhat fufficient to caufe 
what I have imagined; but of this let the learned 
Lhyficians confider, as I prefume they have. 
32. I had not medled thus far, but that I have 
heard, the firft hints of the circulation of the Blood 
were taken, from a common Performs wondering 
what became of all the blood which iffued out of the 
heart, fince the heart beats above three rhoufand 
times an hour, although but one drop fliould be 
pumpt out of it, at every ftroke. 
33. The vS’/ewtffeemedto decreafe: for in 1632, 
33, 34, 35> and 36- there died of the stone, and 
Strangury, 25-4. And in the Years 15-6, 57, 58, 
j9, and i66o0 which numbers although in- 
deed they be almoft equal, yet confidering the Buri- 
als of the firft named five Years were but half thofe of the latter, it Teems to be decreafed by about one half. 
34. Now the Stone, and Strangury, are difeafes, 
which moft men know, that fed them, unlefsit be in 
lome few cafes, where (as I have heard Phyficiatu fay) 
a stone is held up by the Filmed of the Bladder, audio 
kept from grating or offending it. 
3 5.The Coivt ftands much at a ftay5that is.it anfwers 
the general proportion of Burials i there dies not a* 
bove one of iocoof the Goivt, although I believe that 
more die Coroty. Thereafon is, becaufe thofe that 
have the Gowt, are faid to be Long-livers, and there- 
fore, when fuch die, they are returned as Aged. 
36. The Scurvy hath likewife encreafed, and that 
gradually from 12, Anno 1619. to95, Anno 1660. 
37. The Tyjfick, Teems to be quite worn away, but 
that it is probable the fame is entred as Cough, or Co?i- 
jumption. 
38. Agues and Fevers are entred promifcuoufly, 
yet in the few Bills, wherein they have beendiftin- 
guiflied, it appears, that not above one in 40, of the 
whole are Agues. . 
39. The Abortives,and Stil-bornont about the twen- 
tieth part of thofe that are Chrijlened, and the numbers 
feemed the fame thirty Years ago as now,which (hews 
there were more in proportion in thofe Years then 
now: or elfe that in thefe latter Years due Accoiiipts 
have not been kept of the Abortives, as having been 
Buried without notice 3 and perhaps not in Church- 
Yards. 
40. For that there hath been a negled in the Ac- 
compts of the Cbrifienings is moft certain, becaufe 
until the Year 1642, we finde the Burials but equal 
with the Chriflenings,or near thereabouts, but in when the differences in Religionh&A changed the Go- 
vernment, thc Chrijlnings were but two thirds of the 
'Burials. And in the year 1659, not half, vi%, the/?*- 
tials were 14720, (of the Plague but 36) and the 
Chrijlnings were but 5670, which great difproportion 
couid be from no other Caufe, then that above-men- 
tioned, for as much as the fame grew as the Confu- 
fions, and Changes grew. 
41. Moreover, although the Bills give us in Anno 
1659 but 5670 Chrijlnings, yet they give us 421 Abor- 
tives , and 026 dying in Child-bed , whereas in the 
yeari6/i, when the Abortives were 410, thatis,near 
the number of the year 1659 , the Chrijlnings were 
8288. Wherefore by the proportion of Abortives 
Amo 16/9, the Chrijtnings mould have been about 
8 700, but if we (hall reckon by the women dying in 
Child-Bed, of whom a better Accompt is kept, then of 
Stil-Borns, and Abortives, we fhall finde Anno 16t 
there were 226 Child-Beds j and Anno 1651, I12, 
not i. Wherefore I conceive that the true number of 
the Chrijlnings Anno is above double to the 5590 
fet down in our Bills,* that is about 11500, and then 
the Chrijlnings will come near the fame proportion to 
the Burials, as hath been obferved in former times. 
42. In regular Times, when Accompts were well 
kept, we nnde that not above three in 200 died 
in Child=bed\ and that the number of Abortives was 
about treble to that of the women dying in Child-bed: 
from whence we may probably colled:, that not one 
woman of an hundred (I might fay of two hundred) 
dies in her labour,* for as much as there be other 
Caufes of a womans dying within theMoneth, then 
the hardnefs of her Labour. 43* If this be true in thefe Countries, where wo- 
men hinder the facility of their Child-bearing by af- 
fected ftraightning of their Bodies; then certainly 
in America, where the fame is not pra&ifed, Nature 
is little more to be taxed as to women, then in Brutes, 
among whom not one in fome thoufands do die of 
their Deliveries: what I have heard of the lrijb-no- 
men confirms me herein. 
44. Before we quite leave this matter, we (hall in- 
fert the Caufes, why the Accompt of Ckriftnings hath 
been negleCted more then that of Burials: one,and 
the chief whereof, was a Religious Opinion againft 
Baptising of Infants, either as unlawful, orunnecef- 
fary. If this were the onely reafon, we might by 
our defeds of this kinde, conclude the growth of this 
Opinion,and pronounce,that not half the People of 
England, between the years 1650,and 16^0,were con- 
vinced of the need of Baptising. 
45*. A fecond Reafon was. The fcruples, which 
many Publiek Miniflers would make of the worthi- 
nefs of Parents to have their Children Baptized, 
which forced fuch queftioned Parents, who aid alfo 
not believe the neceffity of having their Children 
Baptised by fuch fcrapulers, to carry their Children 
ffiito fuch other Miniflers, as having performed the 
thing had not the Authority, or Command of the 
gifler to enter the names of the Baptised. 
46. A third Reafon was, That a little Fee was to 
be paid for the J{egiflry. 
47. Upon the whole matter ft is moft certain, that 
the number of Heterodox Believers was very great 
between the faid year, 16 50, and 1 tf 6o,and fo peevifli 
were they, as not to have the Births of their Children Hegiftredy although thereby the time of their coming 
of Age might be known, inrelpe&of fuch Inheri- 
tances, as might belong unto them; and withal by 
fuch Regifinng it would have appeared unto what 
Partfh each Childe had belonged, in cafe any of them 
lhould happen to want its reh £ 
4b. Of Convulfions there appeared very 
72 in the year 1629, which in grew to 70^,keep- 
ing about that ftay, till 1659,though fometimes riling 
to about 1000. 
49. It is to be noted,that from 1629 to 1636,when 
the Convulfions were but few,the number of Chryfoms, 
and Infants was greater: for in 1629, there was of 
Chryfoms, and Infants 2796 , and of the Convulfion 52, 
viof both, 2648. And in 1636 there was of In. 
fants 1895, and of the Convulfions 709. in both 2604, 
by which it appears, that this difference is likely to be 
onely a confufion in the Accompts. 
50. Moreover, we finde that for thefe later years, 
lince 1636, the total of Convulfions and Chryfoms ad- 
ded together are much Iefs, viby about 400 or 700, 
per Annum , then the like Totals from 16I6 to 36, 
which makes me think, that Teeth alfo were thruft in 
under the Title of Chryfoms, and Infants, in as much 
as in the faid years, from 1629 to 1639, the number 
of worms, and Teeth, wants by above 400 per Annum of 
what we find in following years. 
Cap, IV. 
Of the Plague. 
i. we leave to difcourfe of the Cafualties, 
P* IJ we lliall add fomething concerning that great- 
eft Difea/e, or Cafucdty of all. The Plague. There have bee n in London, within this Age, four 
Times of Mortality, that is to fay, the years 
iy923 and 1*<>03, l62y5and 1636. 
There died Anno 1592 from March to Decem- 
ber, ■ ~ ■— 25886 
Whereof of the Plague 11^03 
Anno T 5*93 ’ ’ ' I7844 
Whereof of thq Plague - 10662 
Chrijlned in the faid year * — 4021 
Anno 1603 within the fame fpace of time were Bu- 
ried* — — 37294 
Whereof of the Plague— — . 30561 
Anno 16ay, within the famefpace3 ——-*■—5-1758 
Whereof of the Plague * —— 37417 
Anno 1636, from April to December — 23379 
Whereof of the Plague 10400 
2. Now it is manifeft of it felfe, in which 
of thefe years moft died ; but in which of them was 
the greateft Mortality of all Difeafes in general, 
or of the Plague in particular, we difcover thus. 
In the year 1797, and 1636, we finde the propor- 
tion of thofe dying ofthe Plague in the whole to be- 
near alike, that is about 10 to 23.0m to 27. or as 
about two to five. 
3. In the year 162 7. we finde the Plague to bear 
unto the whole in proportion as 3 7 to 71. or 7 to io3 
thatisalmoft the triplicate of the former proporti- 
on, for the Cube of 7. being 343. and the Cube of 10 
being 1000. die faid 343. is not } of io©o. 
4. In Anno the proportion of the Plague to 
the whole was as 30. to 37. as 4. to 7. which is 
yet greater then the laftof7t0 20. For if the Year 
16 27. had been as great a Plague-Ycav as 1603. there niuft have died not onely 7 to 10. but 8 to 10. which 
in thofe great numbers makes a vaft difference. 
5. We muft therefore conclude the Year 1603 to 
have been the greateft Plague- Year of this age. 
6. Now to know in which of thefe 4. was the 
greateft Mortality at large, we reafon thus, 
Buried -'26490 
Chriftned 4277 
6 
Anno 1792 
or as 
I 
Anno 1603 
There died in the whole 
Year of all —— 38244 
Chriftned 47% 
8 
or as< 
i 
Died in the whole 
. Year—*54265 
Chriftned 6983 
i. to 8. or 
1.to io. 
Anno 16 27. 
•or as 
8 
1 
There died, ut fuprh—23359' 
Chriftned ■■ ■ ■ —■ 9522 
5 
Anno 1636 
or as 
,2 
7. From whence it appears, that Anno 1636, the 
Chriftnings were about f parts of the Burials. Anno 
1 59.2 but but in the Year 1603, and 162 5 not a- 
bove an eighth: fo that the faid two years were the 
years of greateft 'Mortality. We faid that the year 
1603 was the greateft Plague-year. And now we 
(ay, that the fame was not a greater year of Mortali- 
ty then Anno 1627. Now to reconcile thefe two 
pofijions?we muftalledg, that Anno 1625 there was 
errour in the Accompts, or Diftin&ions oftheCafu- 
altier; that is, more died of the V Up tie then were 
accompted for under that name. Which Allegati- 
on we alfo prove thus, vi%. 8. In the faid year 1627 there are faid to have 
died of the Plague 35417? and of all other Difea/es 
18848: whereas in the years,both before, and after 
the fame, the ordinary number of Burials was be- 
tween 7 and 8000, fo that if we add about noco 
(which is the difference between 7 and .18 ) to our 37, 
the whole will be 46000, which bears to the whole 
54000, as about 4 to 7 thereby rendring the faid 
year 1627 to be as great a Plague.year as that of 1603, 
and no greater; which anfwers to what we proved be- 
fore, vi\. that the Mortality of the two Years was e- 
qual. 
9. From whence we may probably fufpe<ft, that a- 
bout a part more died of the Plague then are returned 
forfuch; which we further prove by noting, that 
Anno 1636 there died 10400 of the Plague, the 5 
whereof is 2600. Now there are faid to have died of 
all other difeafes that Year 129 f 9, out of which num- 
ber deducting 2600 there remains io359,more then 
which there died not in feveral years next before and 
after the laid Year 1636. 
10. The next Obfervation we lhall offer is,That the 
Plague of 1603 lafted eight Years. In fome whereof 
there died above 4000, in others above 2000, and in 
but one lefs then 00:whereas in the Year 1624 next 
preceding, and in the year 1626 next following the 
faid great Plague.year 1627$ there died in the for- 
mer but 11, and in the latter but 134 of the Plague. 
Moreover in the faid year 1627 the Plague decreafed 
from its utmoft number 4461 a week to below 1000 
within fix weeks. 
xi. The Plague ofi6%6 lafted twelve Years, in 
eight whereof there died 2000 per annum one with an- otherj and never under 300. The which (hews, that 
the Contagion of the Plague depends more upon the 
Difpofition of the Air, then upon the Effluvia from 
the Bodies of men. 
12. Which alfo we prove by the fudden jumps, 
which the Plague hath made, leaping in one Week 
from 118 to 927: and back again from 993 to 2y8 ; 
and from thence again the very next Week to 852. 
The which effedts muft furely be rather attributed to 
change of the Air, then of the Conftitution of Mens 
Bodies, otherwife then as this depends upon that. 
15. It may be alfo noted, That many times other 
Pcflilmtial Difeafes, as Purple-Fevers, Small Pox, &c. 
do forerun the Plague a Year, two, or three $ for in 
1622 there died but 8000; in 1623,1 io©o :in 1524, 
about 12000: till in 1625 there died of all Difeafes 
above 54000. 
Chap. V. 
Other Obfervations upon the Plague, and Cafualties. 
i. * Decreafe, and Inert a fe of People is to be 
p reckoned chiefly by Chriflenings,becaufe few 
bear children in London but Inhabitants, though others 
die there. The Accompts of Cbriftenings we re well 
kept until differences in Religion occafioned fome 
negledfc therein, although even thefe neglects we 
muft confefs to have been regular, and proportion- 
able. 
2. By the numbers and proportions of Chriflenings 
therefore we obferve as followed), vi Firft, That ( when from December 16 o 2, to March 
following, there was little,or no Plague)then the 
Chriflenings at a Medium were between i io and 130 
per Week, few Weeks being above the one, or below 
the other; but when from thence to July the Plague 
encreafed, that then the Chriflenings decreafed to un- 
der 90. 
Secondly, The Queftion is, Whether Teeming-tvo- 
men died, or fled, or mifcarried > The latter at this 
time feems moft probable, becaufe even in the faid 
fpace, between March, and July5 there died not above 
twenty per Week, of the Plague, which fmall number 
could neither caufe the death, or flight of fomany 
Women, as to alter the proportion \ part lower. 
3. Moreover, We obferve from the 21 of July to 
the 12 of oUcher the Plague encreaflng reduced the 
Chriflenings to 70 at a Medium, diminishing the above 
proportion down to j. Now the caufe of this mult 
be flying,and death,as well as Mifcarriages,and Abor- 
tions s for there died within that time about 2 yooo, 
whereof many were certainly Women-witk-child: be- 
fides the fright of fo many dying within fo fmall a 
time might drive away fo many others, as to caufe 
this effed. 
4. From December 1624, to the middle of April 
I62 there died not above five a W eek of the Plague, 
one with another. In this time, the Chriflenings were 
one with another 180. The which decreafed graduw 
ally by the 22 of September to 7 7, or from the propor- 
tion of 12 to 5, which evidently fquares with our 
former Obfervation. 
y. The next Obfervation wc fliall offer is, The 
time, wherein the City hath been Pp-peopled after a great Plague % which we affirm to be by the fecond 
year. For in 1627 *he Cbriflenings (which are our 
Standard in this Cafe) were 8408.,which in 1524 next 
preceding the Plague-year 1625 ( that had fwept 
away above blit 8299,and the Cbriflenings 
of 1626 (which were but 6701 ) mounted in one 
year to the faid 8408. 
6. Now the Cauic hereof, for as much as it can- 
not be a fupply by Procreations • Ergo, it rauft be by 
new Affluxes to London out of the Countrey. 
7. We might fortifie this Aflertion by (hewing, 
that before the Plague-year, 1603,the Chriflemngj were 
about 6000, which were in that very year reduced to 
4789, but crept up the next year 1604 to 7458, re- 
covering their former ordinary proportion in 1605 
of 6504, about which proportion it flood till the 
year 1610. 
8. I fay, it followeth,that,let the Mortality be what 
it will, the City repairs its Iofs of Inhabitants within 
two years, which Obfervation leflens the Objection 
made againft the value of houfes in London, as if they 
were liable to great prejudice through the lofs of In- 
habitants by the Plague. 
Chap. VI 
Of the Sicklinefs, Healthfulnefs , and Fruitfulnefs of 
Seafons. 
i. T TAvingfpoken of we come next to 
111 compare the ficklinefs, healthfulnefs, and fruitfulnefs of the feveral Years, and Seafons,one 
with another. And firft,having in the Chapters afore- 
going mentioned the feveral years of Plague, we 
fhall next prefent the feveral other fickly years; we 
meaning by a fickly Tear fuch wherein the Burials 
exceed thofe, both of the precedent, and fubfequent 
years, and not above 200 dying of the Plague, for 
fuch we call Plague-Tears s and this we do, that the 
World may fee, by what fpaces, and intervals we 
may hereafter exped fuch times again. Now, we 
may not call that a more fickly year, wherein more 
die, becaufe fuch excefs of Burials may proceed from 
encreafe, and accefs of People to the City onely. 
2. Such fickly years were 1618, 20, 23,24, 1632, 
33, 54, 1649, 52, 54. 56, 58, 61, as may be feen by 
the Tables. 
3. In reference to this Obfervation we fliall pre- 
fent another, namely, That the more fickly the years 
are, the lefs fecund, or fruitfull of Children alfo 
they be. Which will appear, if the number of Chil- 
dren born in the laid fickly years be lefs, then that of 
the years, both next preceding, and next following; 
all which, upon view of the Tables, will be found 
true, except in a very few Cafes,where fometimes the 
precedent,and fometimes the fubfequent years vary a 
Httle, but never both together. Moreover, for the 
confirmation of this Truth, we prefent you the year 
1660, where the Burials were fewer then in either of 
the two next precedent years by 2000,and fewer then 
in the fubfequent by above 4000. And withall, the 
number of Cbrijlenings in the faid year 1660 was far 
greater then in any of the three years next afore' 
going. 4. As to this year 1460, although we would not 
be thought Superflitious, yet it is not to be negled:ed, 
that in the faid year was the Kings Reflawatton to His 
Empire over thefe three Nations,as if God Almighty 
had caufed the healthfulnefs andfruitfulnefs thereof 
to repair the Bloodjhed\ and Calamities, fuffered in His 
abfence. I fay, this conceit doth abundantly counter- 
poife the Opinion of thofe, who think great Blagues 
come in with King s reigns,becaufe it hapned fo twice, 
vi%. Anno 1601, and 1625, whereas as well the year 
1648, wherein the prefent King commenced His right 
to reign.,as alfo the yeari66o,wheremHe commenced 
the exercife of the fame5 were both eminently health- 
ful : which clears both Monarchy, and our prefent 
IQngs Family from what feditious men have furmifed 
againft them. 
5. The Difeafes, which befide the Plague make 
years unhealthful in this City, are Spotted-Fevers, 
Small-Pox, Dyfentery, called by fome The Plague in the 
Cuts, and the unhealthful Seafon is the Autumn. 
Chap. VH. 
Of the difference between Burials, and Chriflenings. 
i. *T“*HE next Obfervation is, That in the faid 
JL Bills there are far more Burials, then Chrifien* 
ings. This is plain, depending onely upon Arithmetic 
cal computation; for, in 40 years,from the year 1603, 
to the year 1644, cxclufivb of both years, thpre have 
been fet down(as happening w ithin the fame ground, fpace, or Pariflies ) although differently numbered, 
and divided, Burials, and but 330747 Cbrifl- 
nings within the 97,16, and 10 out-Parifliesithofe of 
ffejimnjler, Lambeth, 'Newington, Redriff, Stepney, 
Hackney-) and lflington5 not being included. 
2. From this Single Obfervation it will follow,That 
London Ihould have decreafed in its People, the con- 
trary whereof we lee by its daily encreafe of Buildings 
upon new foundations, and by the turning of great 
Palacious Houles into Imal Tenements. It is there- 
fore certain,that London is lupplied with People from 
out of the Countrey, whereby not onely to repair 
the overplus difference of Burials above-mentioned, 
but likewife to encreafe its Inhabitants according to 
thefaid encreafe of houllng. 
3. This fupplying of London feems to be the reafon, 
why Winchester, Lincoln, and leveral other Cities have 
decreafed in their Buildings, and confequently in 
their Inhabitants .The, fame may be fufpedted of many 
Towns in Cornwal, and other places, which probably, 
when they were firft allowed to fend Burgejps to the 
Parliament, were more populous then now, and bore 
Another proportion to London then nowjfor feveral of 
thole Burroughs fend two Burgef/es,whereas London it 
felf fends but four, although it bears the fifteenth 
part of the charge of the whole Nation in all 
Taxes, and Levies. 
4. But, if we conlider what I have upon exadt en- 
quiry found true, vi%. That in the Country, within 
ninety years, there have been 6339 Chrifinings, and 
but $280 Burials,the encreafe of London will be falved 
without inferring the decreafe of the People in the 
Country j and withall, in cafe all England have but fourteen times more People then London, it will ap- 
pear, how the laid encreafe of the Country may en- 
creafe the People, both of London, and it fejf 3 for if 
there be in the 97,16, 1 o,and 7 Parifhes, ufually com- 
prehended with in our Bills,but 4/0000 fouls,as here- 
after we {hall (hew, then there are in all England, an d 
Wales, 6440000 Perfons, out of which fubftradt 
460000, for thofe in and about London,there remains 
5-980000 in the Country, the which encreafing about 
f part in 40 years, as we (hall hereafter prove, doth 
happen in the Country, the whole encreafe of the 
Country will be about 85-4000 in the faid time, out 
of which number if but about 25-0000 be fent up to 
London \nthe faid 40 years, vi%. about 6000 per An- 
num, the faid Mij]io?is will make good the alterations, 
which we finde to have been in, and about London,be- 
tween the years id03 and 1644 above-mentioned, 
But that 25-0000 will do the fame, I prove thus: vi%. 
in the 8 years, from 1605 to 1612,the Burials in all 
the Parifhes, and of all Difeafes, the Blague included, 
were at a Medium 97so per Annum. And between 
1635 and 1644 were 18000, the difference wherof 
is 8250, which is the Total of the encreafe of the 
Burials in 40 years, that is about 206per Annum.Now, 
to make the Burials encreafe 206 per Annum, there 
muft be added to the City thirty times as many ( ac- 
cording to the proportion of 3 dying out of 11 Fa- 
milies) vi%. 6180 Advents,the which number multipli- 
ed again by the 40 years, makes the Troduft 247200, 
which is lefs then the 25CC00 above-propounded* 
fo as there remains above 600000 of encreafe in the 
Country within the faid 40 years, either to render 
it more populous, or fend forth into other Colonies, or Wars. But that England hath fourteen times more 
People,is not improbable, for the Reafons following. 
1. London is obferved to bear about the fifteenth 
proportion of the whole Tax. 
2. There is in England, and Wales, about 59000 
fquare Miles of Land, and we have computed, that 
in one of the greateft Parifhes in Hantfmre, being 
alfo a Market-Town, and containing twelve fquare 
Miles, there are 220 Souls in every fquare Mile, out 
of which I abate \ for the over-plus of People more 
in that Parifh, then in other wilde Counties. So as 
thej parts of the faid 220, multiplied by the Total of 
fquare Miles, produces 6400000 Souls in all London in- 
cluded. 
3. There are about 10000 Pariflies in England, and 
Wales, the which, although they fhould not contain 
the \ part of the Land, nor the \ of the People of 
that Country-Parifh, which we have examined, yet 
may be fuppofed to contain about 600 People, one 
with another: according to which Accompt there 
will be fix Millions of People in the Nation. I might 
add, that there are in England, and Wales, about five 
and twenty Millions of Acres at 16 £ Foot to the 
Perch; and if there be fix Millions of People, then 
there is about four Acres for every head, which how 
well it agrees to the Rules of Plantation, I leave un- 
to others, not onely as a means to examine my AfTer- 
tion, but as an hint to their enquiry concerning the 
fundamental Trade, which is Husbandry, and Plan- 
tation. 
4. Upon the whole matter we may therefore con- 
clude, That the People of the whole Nation do in- 
creale, andconfequently thedecreafe ofWimhefter, Lincoln, and other like places, muft be attributed 
to other Reafons, then that of refurnifhing London 
onely. 
y. We come to fhew, why although in the Coun- 
try the Chrijlenings exceed the 'Burials, yet in London 
they do not. The general Reafon of this muft be, 
that in London the proportion of thofe fubjedt to die, 
unto thofe capable of breeding, is greater then in 
the Country; That is, let there be an hundred 
Perfons in London, and as many in the Country 5 we 
fay, that, if there be 60 of them Breeders in Lon- 
don, there are more then 60 in the Conntry, or elfe 
we muft fay, that London is more unhealthful, or that 
it inclines men and women more to Barrennefs, then 
the Country; which by comparing the Burials, and 
Chriftenings of Hackney, Newington, and the other 
Country-Parifhes, with the moft Smoaky, and 
ing parts of the City, is fcarce difcernable in any con- 
fiaerable degree. 
6. Now that the Breeders in l ondon are proportio- 
nably fewer then thofe in the Country arifes from 
thefe reafons, *7^. 
1. All, that have bufinefs to the Court of the King, 
or to the Courts of Juftice, and all Country-men 
coming up to bring Provifions to the City, or to buy 
Foreign Rarities,do 
for the moft part leave th-eir Wives in the Country. 
2. Perfons coming to live in London out of curio- 
fity, and pleafure, as alfo fuch as would retire, and 
liye privately, do the fame, if they have any. 
3. Such, as come up to becuredofDifeafes, do 
ffearce ufe their Wives pro tempore. 
4. That many Apprentices of London, who are bound feven, - or nine years from Marriage, do often 
ftay longer voluntarily. 
5. That many Sea-men of London leave their Wives 
behind them, who are more fubjedf to dy in the ab- 
fence of their Husbands, then to breed either with- 
out men, or with the ufe of many promifcuoufly. 
6. As for unhealthinefs, it may well be fuppofed, 
that although feafoned Bodies may, and do live near 
as long in London, as elfewhere, yet new-comers,and 
Children do not: for the and clofe 
Air are lefs healthful then that of the Country; other- 
wife why dcfickly Perfons remove into the|Country- 
Air ? And why are there more old men in Countries 
then in London, per rata > And although the difference 
in Hackney,and Newington, above mentioned, be not 
very notorious, yet the reafon maybe their vicinity 
to London, and that the Inhabitants are moft luch, 
whofe bodies have firft been impaired with the Lon- 
don -Air, before they withdraw thither. 
7. As to the caufes of Barrennefs in London, I fay, 
that although there fhould be none extraordinary in 
the 'Native Air of the place; yet the intemperance in 
feeding, and efpecially the Adulteries, and Fornicati- 
ons, fuppofed more frequent in London then elfe- 
where, do certainly hinder breeding. For a Woman, 
admitting ten Men, is fo far from having ten times as 
many Children, that file hath none at all. 
8. Add to this, that the minds of men in London are 
more thoughtful, and full of bulinefs, then in the 
Country, where their work is corporal Labour, and 
Exercifes. All which promote Breeding, whereas 
Anxieties of the mind hinder it. Chap. VIII. 
Of the difference between the numbers ■ of Males and 
Females. 
THe next Obfervation is, That there be more 
Males, then females. 
i. There have been Buried from the year 16 28, to 
the year 1662, exclufivb, 209436 Males, and but 
190474 Females: but it will be objected,That in London 
it may indeed be fo3 though other wife elfe where- be- 
caufe London is the great Stage and Shop of bufinefs, 
wherein the Mafculine Sex bears the greateft part. 
ButweAnfwer, That there hath been alfo Chrijiened 
within the fame time 159782 Males, and but 130866 
females, and that the Country- Accompts are confo- 
nant enough to thofe of London upon this matter. 
2. What the Caufes hereof are we fhall not 
trouble our felves to conjecture, as in other Cafes: 
onely we fhall.defire, that Travellers would enquire, 
whether it be the fame in other Countries. 
3. We lhould have given an Accompt, how in eve- 
ry Age thefe proportions change here, but that we 
have Bills of diftinCtion but for 32 years, fo that we 
fhall pafsfrom hence to fome Inferences from this 
Conclufion ; as fir ft, 
I. That Cbriftian 'Religion, prohibiting Polygamy , 
is more agreeable to the Law of Nature, that is, 
the Larv of God) then Mahumetifm, and others, that 
allow it: for one man his having many women, or 
wives, by Law, figaifies nothing, unlefs there were 
many women to one man in Nature alfo. II. The obvious Objection 'hereunto is, That 
one Horfe, Bull, or Ram, having each of them many 
Females, do promote increafe. To which I Anfwer, 
That although perhaps there be naturally, even of 
thefe jpeeies, more Males, then Females, yet artificially, 
that is, by making Geldings 3 oxen, and Weathers^there 
are fewer. From whence it will follow. That when by 
experience it is found how many Ews ( fuppofe 
twenty ) one J{am will ferve, we may know what 
proportion of male-Lambs to caftrate, or geld , vi%. 
nineteen,or thereabouts .-for if you emafculate fewer, 
vi\. but ten, you ihall by promiscuous copulation of 
each of thofe ten with zwoFemales,hinder the increafe 
fo far, as the admittance of two Males will do it: 
but, if you caftrate none at all, it isjhighly probable , 
that,every of the twenty Males copulating with eve- 
ry of the twenty Females, there will be little, or no 
conception in any of them all. 
III. And this I take to be the trueft Realon, why 
Foxes, Wolvess and other Vermin Animals,that are not 
gelt5 increafe not fafter then Sheeps when as fo many 
thoufands of thefe are daily Butchered, and very few 
of the other die otherwife then of themfelves. 
4, We have hitherto faid,There are more Males , 
then Females; we fay next, That the one exceed the 
other by about a thirteenth part. So that although 
more men die violent deaths, then women, that is, 
more are fain in Wars, killed by Mifcbance, drowned 
at Sea, and die by the Hand of Jufice; moreover, 
more men go to Colonies, and travel into foreign 
parts, then women; and laftly, more remain un- 
married, then of women, as Fellows of Coieges, and 
Apprentifes, above eighteen, &c. yet the faid thir- teenth part difference bringeth the bulinefs but to 
fuch a pafs, that every woman may have an Huf- 
band, without the allowance of Polygamy. 
Moreover although a man be Prolifique fourty 
years,and a woman but five and twenty,which makes 
the Males tq be as 560 to 325 Females, yet the caufes 
above named, and the later marriage of the men, 
reduce all to an equality. 
6. It appearing, that there were fourteen men to 
thirteen women, and that they die in the fame pro- 
portion all'o, yet I have heard Phyfieians fay,that they 
have two women Patients to one man, which Affer- 
tion feems very likely 5 for that women have either 
the Green-Jicknefl, or other like Diftempers, are lick 
of Breedings, Abortions, Child-bearings Sore-breafts, 
Whitest ObfiruElions, Fits of the Mother, and the like. 
t Now, from this it lliould follow, that more 
Women Ihould die then men, if the number of Bu- 
rials anfwered in proportion to that of Sickneffes: 
but this muft be falved, either by the alledging, that 
the Phyfieians cure thofe Sickneffes, fo as few more 
die, then if none were lick; or elfe that men, being 
more intemperate then women, die as much by rea- 
fon of their Vices, as the women do by the Infir- 
mitie of their Sex, and confequently, more Males 
being born, then Females, more alfo die. 
8. In the year 1642 many Males went out of 
London into the, Wars then beginning, in fo much, 
as I expe&ed in the fucceeaing year, 1643 ; to 
have found the Burials of Females to have exceed- 
ed thofe of Males, but no alteration appeared j for 
as much, as I fuppofe, Trading continuing the fame 
in London, all thofe, who loft their Apprentices, had others out of the Countrey; and if any left their 
Trades, and Shops, that others forthwith fucceeded 
them.* for, if employment for hands remain the 
fame, no doubt but the number of them could not 
long continue in difproportion. 
9. Another pregnant Argument to the fame pur- 
pofe ( which hath already been touched on ) is,That 
although in the very year of the Plague the Chrift- 
decreafed, by the dying,and flying of Teeming• 
women, yet the very next year#after, they increafed 
fomewhat, but the fecond after, to as full a num- 
ber as in the fecond year before the faid Plague: 
for I fay again, if there be encouragment for an 
hundred in London, that is, a Way how an hundred 
may live better then in the Countrey, and if there 
be void houfing there to receive them, the evacu- 
ating of a fourth, or third part of that number,mufl: 
foon be fupplied out of the Countrey ; fo as, the 
great Plague doth notleffen the Inhabitants of the 
City, but of the Countrey, who in a fhort time re- 
move themfelves from thence hither, fo long, uns 
till the City, for want of receit, and encouragement, 
regurgitates and fends them back. 
10. From the difference between Males and Ft- 
males we fee the reafon ofmaking Eunuchs in thofe 
places where Polygamy is allowed, the latter being 
ufelefs as to multiplication, without the former, as 
was faid before in cafe of Sheep, and other Animals, 
ufually gelt in thefe Countries. 
I!. By confequence, this pradife of Caflration 
ferves as well to promote increafe,as to meliorate the 
Flefh of thofe Beafts, that fuffer it. For that Ope-: 
ration is equally pradifed upon Horfes, which are not 
ufed for food, as upon thofe that are. 12. In Popijh Countries where Polygamy is forbid- 
den, if a greater number of Males oblige tbemfelves 
to Coelibate3 then the natural over-plus, or difference 
between them and Females amounts untothen multi- 
plication is hindred: for if there be eight Men to ten 
Women, all of which eight men are married to eight 
of the ten Women, then the other two bear no Chil- 
dren, as either admitting no man at all, or elfe ad- 
mitting Men as Whores (that is, more then one,-) 
which commonly procreates no more,then if none at 
all had been ufed .* or elfe fuch unlawful Copulations 
beget Conceptions,butto fruftrate them by procured 
Abortions,or fecret Murthers; all which returns to the 
fame reckoning. Now, if the fame proportion of 
women oblige themfelves to a fingle life iikewife, 
then fuch obligation makes no change in this matter 
ofencreafe. 
13. From what hath been faid appears the reafon 
why the Law is, and ought to be fo ftridf againft For- 
nications, and Adulteries: for, if there were univerfal 
liberty, the Increafe of Man-kind would be but like 
that of Foxes at belt. 
14. Now forasmuch as Princes arc not onely Pow* 
erful, but Rich, according to the number of their 
People ( Hands being the Father, as Lands are the 
Mother, and Womb of Wealth) it is no wonder why 
States by encouraging Marriage, and hindering Li- 
centiousnefs, advance their own Intereft, as well as 
preferve the Laws of God from contempt, and vio- 
lation. 
1 y. It is a Bleffing to Man-kind, that by this over- 
plus of Males there is this natural Bar to Polygamy: 
for in fuch a ftate women could not live in that parity, and equality ofexpenfe with their Husbands ; 
as now, and here they do. 
16. The reafon whereof is, not, that the Husband 
cannot maintain as fplendidly three, as one; for he 
might, having three Wives, live himlelf upon a quar- 
ter of his Income, that is in a parity with all three, as- 
well as, having but one, live in the fame parity at.half 
with her alone: but rather, becaufe that to keep 
them all quiet with each other, and himfelf, he mutt 
keep them all in greater aw, and lefs fplendonr, which 
power he having, he will probably ufe it to keep them 
all as low, as he pleafes, and at no more coft then 
makes for his own pleafure 5 the pooreft Subjects 
( fuch as this plurality of W ives mutt be ) being moft 
eafily governed. 
Chap. IX. 
Of the growth of the City. 
i. TN the «ycar 1593 died in the ninety feven 
iparifiies within the walls, and the fixteen with- 
out the walls (befides 421 of the Plague') 3508. And 
the next year 5478, befides 29 of the Plague: in 
both years 69 %6. Twenty years after, there died in 
the fame ninety feven, and fixteen Parilhes, 12110, 
5S73 5 and Amo 1617, 62371(0 as 
the faid Parilhes are increafed, in the faid time,from 
feven to twelve, or very near thereabouts. 
2. Moreover, the Burials within the like fpace of 
the next twenty years, vi\. Anno 1634, and 1637, 
were 17625, vi%. as about twenty four to thirty one: 
the which laft of the three numbers, 17625, is much more then double to the firf\69%6, vi%. the faid Pa- 
rifhes have in fourty years encreafed from twenty 
three to fifty two. 
3. Where is to be noted, That although we were 
neceflitated to compound the faid ninety (even with 
the fixteen Parifhes, yet the fixteen Parifhes have 
encreafed falter then the ninety feven. For, in the 
year 1620, there died within the walls 2726, and in 
1660 there died but 3098 (both years being clear 
of the Plague:) fo as in this fourty years the faid 
ninety feven Parifhes have encreafed but from nine 
to ten, or thereabouts, becaufe the houfing of the 
faid ninety feven Parifhes could be no otherwife en- 
creafed, then by turning great Houfes into Tene- 
ments, and building upon a few Gardens. 
4. In the year 1604 there died in the ninety feven 
Parifhes 15-18, and of the Plague 280. And in the 
year 1660, 3098, and none of the Plague, fo as in fifty 
fix years the faid Parifhes have doubled. Where note, 
That forasmuch as the faid year 1604 was the very 
next year after the great Plague 1603 ( when the City 
was not yet re-peopled) we fhall rather make the 
comparifon between 2014, which died A?mo 1605, 
and 3431 Anno 1659: choofing rather from hence to 
affert, that the faid ninety feven, and fixteen Pari- 
fhes encreafed from twenty to thirty four, or from 
ten to feventeen in fifty four years, then from one to 
two in fifty fix, as in the laft aforegoing Paragraph is 
fet down. 
5. Anno 1605 there died in the fixteen out-Pari- 
fhes 2974, and Anno 165-93 69 8 8: fo as in the fifty four 
years the faid Parifhes have encreafed from three to 
feven. 6, Anno 1605 there died in the eight out-Parifhes 
9<$o, Anno 1679 there died in the fame fcope of 
Ground,although called now ten Pariflies (the 60- 
voy, and Covent'Garden being added ) 4301; foas the 
faid Pariflies have encreafed, within the faid fifty four 
years, more then from one to four. 
7, Moreover, there was Buried in all. Anno 1*07, 
5948,2nd Anno I4720, vi\. about two to five. 
8, Having fet down the proportions, wherein we 
find the faid three great Divifionsof the whole Pyle, 
called London, to have encreafed; we come next to 
fhew what particular Parifhes have had the 1110ft re- 
markable fliare in thefe Augmentations. Vi% of the 
ninety feven Pariflies within the Walls the encreafe 
is not very difcernable, but where great houfes for- 
merly belonging to Noblemen, before they built o- 
thers near White-hall, have been turned into Tene- 
ments, upon which Accompt Alhadoms upon the Wall 
is encreafed by the converfion of the Marquefs of 
Wineheflers houfejately Ambaffadour’s,in- 
to a new ftreet, the like of Alderman Freemans, and 
La Motte's near the Exchange, the like of the Earl of 
Arundel's in Loth-hury, the like of the Bifhop oi Lon- 
don's Palace, the Dean of Paul's, and the Lord Fivers 
houfe now in hand, as alfo of the Duke’ s-Place, and o- 
thers heretofore. 
9. Of the fixteen Parifhes nexc without the Walls 
Saint Giles Cripplegate hath been moft enlarged, next 
to that Saint Olaves then Saint Andrews 
then White-Chapel, the difference in the reft 
not being confiderable. 
10. Of the out-Pariflies now called ten, formerly 
nine, and before that eight, Saint dies, and Saint Martins in the fields, are mo ft encreafed, notwith- 
ftanding Saint Paul’s Covent-Garden was taken out of 
them both. 
H. The genera] obfervation,which arifes from hence 
is, That the City of London gradually removes Wefi- 
nard}and did not the Roy alEx cbangeyand'London-Bridg 
ftay the Trade, it would remove much fafter : for 
Leaden-Hal-fireet,Biftjofs-Gate,and part of Fan-church- 
ftreetjhwe loft their ancient Trade>Grace-Churcb-fireet 
indeed keeping it ielf yet entirely reafon of its con- 
junction with, and relation to London-Bridg. 
12. Again, Canni7ig-fireetyand Watlin-flreet have loft 
their Trade of Woollen-Drapery to Paul's Church-Yard, 
l,ud^ate-hilly and Fleet-fireet: the Mercery is gone from 
out of Lumbar d-ftreet,and Cheap-fide,into Pater-Nofier- 
jftorvi and Fleet-fireet. 
19. The reafons whereof are, That the King’s 
Court(in old times frequently kept in theCity)is now 
always at Wefiminfier. Secondly, the ufe of Coaches, 
whereunto the narrow ftreets of the old City are un- 
fit, hath caufed the building of thofe broader ftreets 
in Covent-Gar den, &c. 
14. Thirdly, where the Confumption of Commodity 
is0vi%» among the Gentry, the venders of the fame 
muft feat themfelves. 
if. Fourthly, the cramming up of the void fpaces, 
and gardens within the Walls,with houfes,to the pre- 
judice o£ Light,and Air, have made men build new 
ones, where they lefs fear thofe inconveniencies. 
16. Conformity in Building to other civil Nati- 
ons hath difpofed us to let our old Wooden dark 
houfes fall to decay, and to build new,ones, whereby 
to anfwer all the ends above-mentioned. 17. Where note, That, when Lud-gate was the only 
Weftern Gate of the City, little Building was Weflward 
thereof: but, when Eolborn began to encreafe, 
Newgate was made. But now both thefe Gates are 
not fufficient for the Communication between the 
Walled City, and its enlarged IVeJfern Suburbs, as 
daily appears by the intolerable flops, and embaref- 
fes of Coaches near both thefe Gates , efpecially 
Lud-gate. 
Chap. X. 
Cf the Inequality of Parijhes. 
we pad's from hence, we ill all offer to 
fjcQniideration the inequality ofParifhes in, and 
about London’, evident in the proportion of their re= 
fpecStive Burials, for in the fame year were Buried 
in Cripple-gat e-Par ifh 1191. that but twelve died in 
Trinity-Minories, St. Saviour’s S outfnvar fand Botolph’s 
Bijhop-gate, being of the middle fize? as burying five 
and 6O0per Annum : fo that Cripple-gate is an hundred 
times as big as the Minories, and 200 times as big as 
St. John the Euangelifis, Mary- 
Grace-Church, Biatthevp*Friday-jlreet, and fome others 
within the City. 
2. Hence may arife this Queftion, Wherefore 
fhould this inequality be continued} If it be An- 
fwered, Becaufe that Pajlours of all forts, and fizes 
of Abilities,may have Benefices, each man according 
to his merit: we Anfwer, That a two hundredth part 
of the beft Parforis learning is fcarce enough for a 
Sexton, But befides, there feems no reafou of any difference at all, it being as much Science to fave one 
fingle foul, as one thouland. 
3. We encline therefore to think the Parities 
fhould be equal, or near , becaufe, in the Informed 
Religions, the principal ofe of Churches is to Preach in: 
now the bignefs or fuch a Church ought to be no 
greater, then that, unto which the voice of a Treacher 
of middling Lungs will eafily extend; I lay eafily, 
becaufe they Ipeak an hour, or more together. 
4. The ufe of fuch large Churches, as Paul’s , is now 
wholly loft,we having no need of faying perhaps fifty 
Maffes all at one time; nor of making thofe grand 
ProccJJions frequent in the Romiftj Church; nor is the 
fhape of our Cathedral proper at all for our Preaching 
Auditories,but rather the Figure of an Amphitheatre 
with Galleries,gradually over-looking each other: for 
unto this Condition the Parilh-Churches of London 
are driving apace, as appears by the many Galleries 
every day built in them. 
y. Moreover, if Parilhes were brought to the fizc 
of Coalman-fireet, AlhaUow star king, Chrijl-Church, Blacky 
Friers, See. in each whereof die between loo and 
ifOiper Annum, then an hundred Parilhes would be a 
fit and equal Divifion of this great charge, and all 
the Miniflers (fome whereof have now fcarce fourty 
Annum) might obtain a fubfiftence. 
6. And laftly, The Church-War dens, and Over-feers 
of the Poor might finde it poffible to difeharge their 
Duties, whereas now in the greater out-Parifhes ma- 
ny of the poorer Parilhioners through negletft do pe- 
rilh, and many vicious perfons get liberty to live as 
they pleafe, for want of fome heedfull Eye to over- 
look them. Chap. XI. 
Of the number of Inhabitants. 
IHave been feveral times in company with men 
of great experience in this City, and have heard 
them talk feldom under Millions of People to be in 
London, all which I was apt enough to believe, untill, 
on a certain day, one of eminent Reputation was up- 
on occafion afTerting,that there was in the year 1661 
two Millions of People more then Anno I62f,before 
the great Plague. I muft confefs, that, untill this pro- 
vocation, I had been frighted, with that mif under* 
ftood Example of David, from attempting any com- 
putation of the people of this populous place ; but 
hereupon I both examined the lawfulnefs of making 
fuch enquiries, and being fatisfied thereof went 
about the work it felf in this manner: vi%. 
2. Eirft, I imagined, That, if the Conje&ure of 
the worthy Perfon afore-mentioned had any truth in 
it there muft needs be about fix or feven Millions 
of people in London now 5 but repairing to my Bills 
I found, that not above I yoco per Annum were 
buriedi and confequently, that not above one in four 
hundred muft die per Annum, if the Total were but 
fix Millions. 
3. Nextconfidering, That it is efteemed an even 
lav, whether any man lives ten years longer,I fuppo- 
fecl it was the fame,that one of any ten might die with- 
in one year. But when I confidered, that of the 15000 
afore-mentioned about 5-000 were Abortive, and Stil- 
born, or died of Teeth, Convulfton} or as Infants, and Chryfoms, and Agedj I concluded, that of men, 
and women, between ten and fixty, there fcarce died 
i ooooper Annum in London^which number being mul- 
tiplied by t o, there muft be but icoooo in all, that is 
not the 6a0 part of what the Alderman imagined. Thefe 
were but fudden thoughts on both fides, and both 
far from truth, I thereupon endeavoured to get a 
little nearer, thus: vi%. 
4. I confidered, that the number of Child-bearing 
women might be about double to the BirthsSorasmuch 
as fuch women, one with another, have fcarce more 
then one Childe in two years. The number of Births I 
found,by thofe years,wherein the J{egifiries were well 
kept, to have been fomewhat lefs then the Burials. 
The Burials in thefe late years at a Medium are about 
130OO, and confequently the Chriflenings not above 
12000. I therefore efteemed the number of Teeming 
women to be 24000: then I imagined, that there 
might be twice as many Families, as of fuch women s 
for that there might be twice as many women Aged 
between 16 and j6, as between 16 and 40, or be- 
tween 20 and 44; and that there were about eight 
Perfons in a Family, one with another, vi%. the Man, 
and his Wife, three Children, and three Servants, or 
Lodgers: now 8 times 48000 makes 384000. 
5. Secondly, I finde by telling the number of Fa- 
milies inforoe Parities within the walls, that 3 out of 
11 families per an.have died: wherefore, 13000 hating 
died in the whole, it fhould follow,there were 48000 
Families according to the lad-mentioned Acccompt. 
6. Thirly, the Accompt, which I made of the 
Trained-Bands, and doth enough 
juftifie this Accompt. 7. And iaftly?ItooktheMapof Louden fet out in 
the year 16 y8 by 'RichardNnvcourty drawn by a fcale 
of Yards. Now I guefled that in loo yards fquare 
there might be about 54 Families, fuppofing every 
houfetobe 20 foot in the front: for on two fidcs of 
the faid fquare there will be ico yards of holding in 
each, and in the two other fides 80 each ; in all 36o 
yards: that is 54 families in each fqua e3 of which 
there are 220 within the Walls, making in all 11880 
Families within the Walls. But forasmuch as there 
dy within the Wails about 3200 per Annum, and in 
the whole about 130CO ; it follows, that the houfing 
within the Walls is \ part of the whole, and confe- 
quently, that there are 47720 Families in, and about 
London, which agrees well enough with all my former 
computations: the worft whereof doth fufficiently 
demonftrate,that there are two Millions of People in 
which neverthelefs moft men do believe, as 
they do, that there be three Women for one Man, 
whereas there are fourteen Men for Wo- 
men, as elfe where hath been find. 
8. We have (though perhaps too much at Ran- 
dom) determined the number of the inhabitants of 
London to be about 384000:the which being granted, 
weaifert, that 199112 are Males0 and 184885 Fe- 
males. 
9. Whereas we have found, that of 100 quick 
Conceptions about 35 of them die before they be 
fix years old, and that perhaps but one furviveth 
76, we, having feven Decads between fix and we 
fought fix mean proportional numbers between 54, 
the remainder, living at fix years,and the one,which 
furvives 76,and finde,that the numbers following are practically near enough to the truth ; for men do 
not die in exaCt Proportions, nor in Fractions 3from 
whence arifes this Table following. 
of 100 there dies 
within the firft fix years3<5 
The next ten years, or 
l)ecad 24 
The fecond Decad— 15 
The third Decad 9 
The fourth _— <7 
The next 4 
The next 3 
The next 2 
The next —■ x 
10. From whence it follows, that of the faid 100 
conceived there remain alive at fix years end 64. 
At fixteen years end 40 
At twenty fix — 27 
At thirty fix— — 16 
At fourty fix 10 
Ac fifty fix <7 
At fixty — 5 
At feventy fix i 
At eighty o 
11. It follows alfo, that of all, which have been 
conceived, there are now alive 40 per Cent. above fix- 
teen years old, 2 7 above twenty fix years old, & fic 
deinceps,as in the above-Table.There are therefore of 
Aged«between 16, and 56, the number of 40, lefsby 
fix, viq. 34; of between 26, and 6 6} the number of 27, 
lefs by three, vi\. 22: & fic deinceps. 
Wherefore, fuppofing there be 199112 Males, and 
the number between 1 6, and 56, being 34. It fol- 
lows, there are 34per Cent, of all thofe Males fighting 
Men in l ondo?i, that is 67694, vi%. near 70000: the 
truth whereof I leave to examination, only the of 
13739, is to be added for IVeftminfter,Step- 
ney, and the other diftant Parilhes; making 
in all 81233 fightingMen. 
12. The next enquiry flhall be, In how long time 
the City of London fliall, by the ordinary proportion 
of Breeding, and Dying, double its breeding Peo- pie? Ianfwer in about feven years, and {Blagues 
confidered ) eight. Wherefore (nice there be 24000 
pair of Breeders,that is £. of the whole,it follows,that 
in eight times eight years the whole People of the 
City (hall double without the accefs of Foreigners ; 
the which contradicts not our Accompt of its grow- 
ingfromtwoto fivein $6 years with fitch accedes. 
13. According to this proportion, one couple 
viq. Adam and Eve, doubling themlelves every <54 
years of the 5610 years, which is the age of theWorld 
according to the Scriptures, (hall produce far more 
People,then are now in it. Wherefore the World is 
not above 100 thoufand years old, as fome vainly 
imagine, nor above what the Scripture makes it. 
Chap. XII. 
Of the Country-Bills. 
WE have, for the prefent,done with our Obfer- 
vations upon the Accompts of Burials, and 
Cbriftnings, in, and about London $ we (hall nextpre- 
fent the Accompts of both Burials, Chrifinings, and alfo 
of Weddings in the Country, havingbto that purpofe 
inferted Tables of 90 years for a certain Parifli in 
Hantjhire, being a place neither famous 
and Healthfulnefts nor for the contrary. Upon which 
Tables we obferve, 
i. That every Wedding, one with another, produ- 
ces four Children, and confequently, that that is the 
proportion of Children which any Marriagable man, 
or woman may be prefumed (hall have. For, though a man may be Married more then once, yet, being 
once Married, he may die without any Iflue at all. 
2. That in this Parifti there were born 15 females 
for 16 Males, whereas in London there were 19 for (4, 
which (hews,that London is fomewhat more apt to pro- 
duce Maleshen the country. And it is pofIib!e}that in 
fome other places there are more females born, then 
Males : which, upon this variation of proportion, I 
again recommend to the examination of the curious. 
9. That in the faid whole 90 years the Burials of 
the Males and Females were exactly equal, and that in 
feveral Dccads they differed not ,00 part; That in one 
of the two wherein the difference was very 
notorious,there were Buried of Males 3 97,and of fe~ 
males but 284, vi\, 59 difference, and in the other 
there died contrariwife 998 Males, and 986 Females. 
differing 46. 
4. There are alfo Dec ads, where the Birth of Males 
and females differ very much, vir. about 60. 
7. That in the faid 90 years there have been born 
more, then buried in the faid Parifli (the which both 
90 years ago, and alfo now, confifted of about 2700 
Souls) but I05P, vi%. not 12per Annum, one year with 
another. 
6. That thefS 1079 have in all probability contri- 
buted to the increafe of was faid even 
now,it neither appears by,the Burials,ChriJhings,oY by 
the built of new-houfing, that the faid Parifh is more 
populous now, then pc years ago, by above two or 
900 fouls. Now, if all other places fend about f of 
their encreafe, vi%. about one out of coo of their 
Inhabitants Annually to London, and that there be T4 
times as many people in England,as there be in London (for which we have given fome reafonsj then London 
encreafes by fuch Advenes every year above tfooo: the 
which will make the Accompt of Burials to fwell 
about 20o per Annum, and will anfwer the encreafes. 
We obferve,It is clear, that the faid Parilh is encreafed 
about 500, and it is probable, that three or four hun- 
dred more went to London, and it is known, That 
about 400 went to New-England, the Canbe-l/lands, 
and Netv-found-Land, within thefe laft fourty years. 
7. According to the Medium of the faid whole 90 
years, there have been five Chrifinings for four Burials, 
although in fome fingle Years, and Decads, there have 
been three to two,although fometimes (though more 
rarely) the Burials have exceeded the Births, as in the 
cafe of Epidemical Difeafes. 
8. Our former Obfervation, That healthfull years 
are alfo the mod fruitfull, is much confirmed by our 
Country Accompts; for, 70 being our Standard for 
Births, and 5-8 for Burials, you fhall finde, that where 
fewer then j 8 died,more then 70 were born. Having 
given you a few inftances thereof, I fhall remit you 
to the Tables for the general proof of this AfTertion. 
Anno 163 3, when 10 x were born, there died but 
29. Now, in none of the whole 90 years more were 
born then 103,and but in one,fewer then 29 died,vi\. 
28 Anno idy8. Again Anno 1768, when 93 were 
born, but 42 died. Anno 1584, when 90 were born, 
but 41 died. Anno 1650, when 86 were born, but 
52 died. So that by how much more are born, by 
fo much (as it were) the fewer die. For when 103 
were born, but 29 died : but when but 86 were born, 
then 52 died. 
On the other-fide Anno 1638, wheiy.156 dicdper Annum, which was the greateft year of Mortality, 
tken lefs then the meer Standard 70, vi%. bur ,were 
born. Again Anno 16445 when 137 died, but 59, were 
born. Anno 1797, when 117 died, but 48 were born. 
And Anno 1583, when 87 died, but 59 were born. 
A little Irregularity may be found herein, as that 
Anno 1612, when 116 died ( vi\. a number double to 
our Standard 5 85 yet) 87 ( vi%. 17 above the Standard 
7o)wereborn. And that, when 89 died, 75 were 
born: butthefedifferences are not fo great, nor fo 
often, as to evert our Rule., which befides the Autho- 
rity of thefe Accompts is probable in it felf. 
9. Of all the faid90 years the year 1638 was the 
moft Mortal,\ therefore enquired,whether the Plague 
was then in that Parifh, and having received good fa- 
tisfatftion that it was not ( which I the rather believe, 
becaufe, that the Plague was not then confiderable at 
London) but that it was a Malignant Fever, raging fo 
fiercely about Harvefl, that there appeared fcarce 
hands enough to take in the Corn: which argues, 
confidering there were 27O0 Parilhoners, that feven 
might be fick for one that died; whereas of the Plague 
more die then recover. Laftly, thefe People lay long- 
er fick then isufual inthq Plague, nor was there any 
mention of Sores, Swellings, blew-Tokens, &c. among 
them. It follows, that the proportion between the 
greatefl, and the leafl Mortalities in the Country are far 
greater then at London. Forasmuch as the greateft 156 
is above quintuple unto 28 the leaft, whereas in London 
(the Plague excepted, as here it hath been ) the num- 
ber of Burials upon other Accompts within no Decad 
of years hath been double, whereas in the Country it 
hath been quintuple not only within the whole ninety years, but alfo within the fame Decad: fbr Anno i<s 33 
there dyed but 29, and Anno i<5 38 the above-mentio- 
ned number of 156. Moreover, as in London, in no 
Decad, the Burials of one year are double to thofe of 
another: fo in the Country they are feldom not more 
then fo. As by this Table appears, 
Dec ad 
greateft 
leaft 
number of Burials 
i 
■ '00 
0 
34 
j. 
T. T -9 
5 
3U 
4 
53 " 
3° 
9n 
"" j 1 
u9 
156 
; - 
- -z>> 
11 
S> 
“—! ->7' 
go- 
Which lhcws, that the cpener and freer Airs are 
moftfubjettt both to the good and bad Impreflions, 
and that the Fumes, S teams , and Stenches of London do 
fo medicate, and impregnate the Air about it, that it 
becomes capable of little more, as if thefaid Fumes 
riling out of London met with, oppofed, and juftied 
backwards the Influences falling from above, or re- 
fitted the Iwcurfion of the Country-^/. 
io. In the we faid, that the Burials in 
the Country were fometime quintuple to one another, 
but of the Chriftenings we affirm, that within the 
lame Decad they are feldom double, as appears by 
this Table, vi%. Decad 
greateft 
leaft 
number of Burials 
i 
—70 
' *-ju 
rT 
- -47 
3“ 
/1 
-X • > l 
4 
r 
- >5 
uu 
J — 
fa 
-—■ -0/ 
g y 
O 1 
— 62 
ipi'i 
- -ss 
7 - 
“luj 
Q -» 
0 0 
- /« 
b 
9 
1 3/ 
86 
62 
— 52 
Now, although the difproportions of Births be not 
fo great as that of Burials yet thefe difproportions are 
far greater then at London: for let it be (hewn in any of 
the London Bills, that within two years the Chrifienings 
have dccreafed5 h or encreafed double, as they did 
Anno j 7 84, when 90 were born,and Ann§ 1586,where- 
in were but 45 : or to rife from 52, as to 
71, as in the next year 1594. Now thefe difpropor- 
tions both in Births, and Burials, confirm what hath 
been before AfTerted, that Healthfulnefi, and Fruit- 
fulnefl go together, as they would not, were there not 
difproportions in both, although proportional. 
n. By the Standard of Burials in this Parilh I 
thought to have computed the number of Inhabi- 
tants in it, vi%. by multiplying 58 by 4, which made 
theProdutt 2s'*, the number of Families. Hereupon 
Iwondred, thataParifh containing a large Market- 
Town, and i2Miles compafs, Ihould have but 232 
Houfes,I then multiplied 232 by 8, the ProduEl where- 
of was 1856, thereby hoping to have hadthenum- ber of the Inhabitants, as I had for London; but when 
upon enquiry I found there had been 2100 Com- 
municants in that Parifli in the time of a Minifter, who 
forced too many into that Ordinance, and that 
1 yoo was the ordinary number of Communicants in 
all times, I found alfo, that for as much gs there were 
near as many under 16 years old, as there are above, 
vi%. Communicants, I concluded, that there muft be 
about 2700,or 2800 Souls in that Parifh.-from whence 
it follows, that little more then one of 50 dies in the 
Country, whereas in London it feems manifeft, that 
about one in 32 dies, over and above what dies of 
the Plague. 
12. It follows therefore from hence, what I more 
faintly aflerted in the former Chapter, that the 
Country is more healthful, then the City, that is to 
fay, although men dy more regularly, and lefs per 
faltum in London, then in the Country, yet, upon the 
whole matter, there die fewer per rata» fo as the 
Fumes, Steams, and Stenches above-mentioned, al- 
though they make the Air of London more equal, yet 
not more Healthful. 
13. When I confider, That in the Country feventy 
are Born for fifty eight Buried, and that before 
the year itfoa the like happened in London, I con- 
fidered, whether a City, as it becomes morepopulous, 
doth not, for that very caufe, become more unhealth- 
ful: and inclined to believe,that London now is more un- 
healthythen heretofore j partly for that it is more 
populous, but chiefly, becaufe I have heard, that fix- 
ty years ago few Sea-Coals were burnt in London, which 
now are univerfally ufed. For I have heard, that 
New-caflle is more unhealthful then other places, and that many People cannot at all endure theTmoak of 
London, not onely for its unpleafantnefs, but for the 
fuffocations, which it caufes. 
14. Suppofe, that Anno 1569 there were 2400 fouls 
in that Parilh,and that they increafed by the Births 7o, 
exceeding the Burials y8, it will follow, that thefaid 
2400 cannot double under 2oo.Now3if London be lefs 
healthfull then the Country,as certainly it is,the Blague 
being reckoned in, it follows, that London muft be 
doubling it felf by generation in much above 200 : 
but if it hath encreafed from 2 to $ in 74,as aforefaid, 
the fame muft be by reafon of tranfplantation out of 
the Country. 
The Conclujion. 
IT may be now asked, to what purpofe tends all 
this laborious buzzling, and groping ? To know, 
i. The number of the People > 
2. How many Males, and females ? 
3. Howmany Married,and Single > 
4. How many Teeming Women ? 
y. How many of every Septenary, or Decad of 
years in age f 
6. How many Fighting Men ? 
7. How much London is, and by what fteps it hath 
increafed > 
8, In what time the Houfing is repleniflied after a 
FI ague f 
9. What proportion die of each general and par- 
ticular Cafualties f 10. what years are Fruitful!, and Mortal, and in 
what Spaces,and Intervals, they follow each 
other ? 
11. In what proportion Men neglect the Orders 
of the Churchy and Setts have increafed > 
12. The difproportion of Panflies ? 
13. Why the Burials in London exceed the Chrift- 
enings, when the contrary is vifible in the 
Country ? 
To this I might anfwer in general by faying, that 
thofe, who cannot apprehend the reafon of thefe En- 
quiries, are unfit to trouble themfelves to ask them. 
2. I might anfwer by asking, Why fo many have 
fpent their times, and eftates about the Art of making 
Gold ? which, if it were much known, would one- 
ly exalt Silver into the place, which Gold now pof- 
feffeth; and if it were known but to fomeone Per- 
fon, the fame (ingle Adeptus could not, nay, durft 
not enjoy it, but muft be either a Prifoner to fome 
Prince, and Slave to fome Voluptuary, or elfe skulk 
obfcurely up and down for his privacie, and conceal- 
ment. 
g, I might anfwer, That there is much pleafure 
in deducing fo many abftrufe, and unexpected in- 
ferences out of thefe poor defpifcd Bills of Mor- 
tality ; and in building upon tnat ground, which 
hath lain wafte thefe eighty years. And there is 
pleafure in doing fomething new, though never fo 
little, without peftering the World with voluminous 
Tranfcriptions. 
. 4. But I anfwer more ferioufiy by complaining* 
That whereas the Art of Governing , and the 
true BoUtiques* is how to preferve the Subject in Peace, and Plenty, that men ftudy oncly that part of 
it, which teacheth how to fupplant, and over-reach 
one another, and how, not by fa:r out-running, 
but by tripping up each others heels3 to win the 
Prize. * 
Now, the Foundation, or Elements of this ho- 
neft harmlefs Policy \$ tounderftand the Land, and 
the hands of the Territory to be governed, accord- 
ing to all their intrinfick, and accidental differen- 
ces : as for example} It were good to know the 
Geometrical Content, Figure, and Scituation of all 
the Lands of a Kingdom, cfpecially, according to 
its moft natural, permanent , and confpicuous 
Bounds. It were good to know, how much Hay 
an Acre of every fort of Meadow will bear ? how 
many Cattle the fame weight of each fort of Hay 
will feed, and fatten? what quantity of Grain, and 
other Commodities the fame Acre will bear in one, 
three, or (even years commumbus Awiii} unto what 
ufe each foil is moft proper ? All which particu- 
lars I call the intrinfick value: for there is alfoan- 
other value meerly accidental, or extrinfick, con- 
lifting of the Caufes, why a parcel of Land, lying 
near a good Market, may be worth double to 
another parcel, though but of the fame intrinfick 
goodnefs, which anfwers the Queries, why Lands 
in the North of England are worth but fixteen years 
purchafe, and thole of the Weft above eight and 
twenty. It is no lefs necefTary to know how many 
People there be of each Sex, State, Age, Religi- 
on, Trade, Rank, or Degree, by the knowleag 
whereof Trade, and Government may be made 
more certain, and Regular for, if men knew the people, as aforefaid, they might know the confum- 
ption they would make, fo as Trade might not be 
hoped for where it is impcfljble. As for inftance, I 
have heard much complaint, that Trade is not fet up 
infome of the and Nomh-rveficrn Parts 
of Inland, there being fo many excellent Harbours 
for that purpofe, whereas inleveralof thofe places I 
have alfo heard, that there are few other Inhabitants, 
but fuch as live ex fponte creatis, and are unfit Subjects 
of Trade, as neither employing others, nor work- 
ing themfelves. 
Moreover, if all thefe things were clearly, and 
truly known (which I have but gueflcd at) it 
would appear, how fmall a part of the People 
work upon neceflary Labours, and Callings, vi 
how many Women, and Children do juft nothing, 
onely learning to fpend what others get ? how 
many are ineer Voluptuaries, and as it were meer 
Gamefters by Trade? how many live by puzling 
poor people with unintelligible Notions in Divini- 
ty, and Philofophie ? how many by perfwading 
credulous, delicate, and litigious Perfons, that their 
Bodies, or Eftates are out of Tune, and in dan- 
ger ? how many by fighting as Souldiers ? how ma- 
ny by Minifteries of Vice, and Sin ? how many by 
Trades of meer Pleafure, or Ornaments ? and how 
many in a way of laz.ie attendance, &c. upon 
others ? And on the other fide, how few are em- 
ployed in raifing, and working neceflary food, and 
covering ? and of the fpeculative men, how few 
do truly ftudie 'Nature, and Things ? The more in- 
genious not advancing much further then to write, 
and fpeak wittily about thefe matters. I conclude, That a clear knowledge of all thefe 
particulars, and many more, whereat I have fliot but 
at rovers, is neceflary in order to good, certain, and 
eafie Government, and even to balance Parties, and 
factions both in Church and State. But whether the 
knowledge thereof be neceffary to many, or fit for 
others,then the Sovereign, and his chief Minifters, I 
leave to confideration. The Table of Burials, and Cbrifienings 
Anno 
97 
16 iOut-Pa- | 
Buried 
Bdides ot 
Dom. 
parifhes 
Parifhes] 
rifhes 
in all 
theiV/sgtff 
kJiriltned 
1604 
1518 
2097 
708 
43 23 
896 
5458 
160$ 1 
2014 
2974 
960 
5948 
444 
6504 
160 6 
1941 
2920 
935 
5795 
21 24 
6614 
1607 
1879 
2772 
1019 
5670 
2352 
6582 
1608 
2391 
3218 
1 M9 
6758 
2262 
6845 
1609 
2494 
3610 
' *44* 
7545 
4240 
6388 
1610 
2326 
3791 
1 369 
74 86 
]8°3 
6785 
1 611 
2152 
3 398 
1166 
67 ] 6 
627 
7014 
16715 
24780 
8747 
50242 
H751 
52190 
i6ii 
24?3 
3843 
1462 
7778 
64 
6986 
1613 
’2406 
3679 
1418 
7 5°3 
l6 
6846 
1614 
2^69 
3 504 
1494 
7367 
22 
7208 
1615 
2446 
3791 
1613 
i 7850 
37 
7682 
I 616 
2490 
3876 
I697 
: 8063 
9 
7985 
1617 
2397 
4109 
*774 
- 8280 
6 
7747 
1618 
2815 
4715 
1 2066 
9556 
18 
7735 
1619 
2-3 39 
3857 
1 1804 
7999 
9 
8127 
J9735 
31374 
13328 
64436 
171 
60316 
1620 
2726 
4819 
2146 
969i 
21 
7845 
1621 
2438 
3759 
1915 
8112 
11 
8039 
1612 
2811 
4217 
2392 
8943 
16 
7894 
1623 
3591 
4721 
2783 
11095 
*7 
7945 
I624 
3385 
5919 
2895 
12199 
11 
8299 
1625 
5143 
9819 
3886 
18848 
35417 
6983 
1626 
2150 
3 286 
1965 
7401 
134 
6701 
i<527 
_232 5 
3400 
T988 
7711 
4 
8408 
24569 
39940 
19910 
84000 
35631 
62114 
161% 
2412 
3311 
2017 
7740 
3 
8564 
1629 
2536 
3992 
2243 
8771 
0 
99oi 
1630 
2506 
4201 
2521 
9* 37 
1317 
9315 
1631 
2459 
3697 
2132 
8288 
274 
8524 
1632 
2704 
4412 
2411 
9527 
8 
9584 
1633 
2378 
3936 
2078 
8392 
0 
9997 
1634 
2937 
4980 
2982 
10399 
1 
985? 
1635 
2742 
4966 
2943 
1065 1 
0 
10034 
20694 
133495 1 
19327 
73505 1 
1603 | 
75774 The Table of Burials 3 and Cbrijlenings in London, 
Anno 
Dom. 
97 
parifhes 
16 
Parifhes 
Ouc-Pa- 
rifhes 
Buried 
in all 
Befides 0 
he Plagu 
f 
Chri lined 
e 
1636 
2825 
6924 
3210 
12939 i 
10400 
95 22 
1637 
2288 
4265 
2128 
8681 
3082 
9K5o 
1638 
3584 
5926 
375* 
13261 
36? 
10311 
1639 
2592. 
4344 
2612 
?*48 
3*4 
10150 
1640 
2519 
5156 
3246 
II321 
*450 
.■*- 50 
1641 
3248 
5092 
3427 
11767 | 
»37? 
1067c 
1642 
3176 
5245 
3578 
11999 
1274 
10370 
1643 
3395 
5552 
3269 
12216 1 
996 
9410 
23987 
42544 
25221 
9*75* 
19*44 ! 
804+? 
1644 
2593 
4274 
2574 
9441 
1492 
8104 
1645 
2524 
4639 
2445 . 
9608 1 
1871 
7966 
1646 
2746 
4872 
2797 
10415 
236S 
7163 
1647 
2672 
4749 
3041 
10462 
* 3597 
73*2 
1648 
2480 
4288 
2515 
9283 
611 
6544 
*649 
2865 
47j4 
2920 
10499 
67 
5825 
1650 
2301 
4V38 
2310 
8749 
*5 
5612 
165 1 
'2845 
5002 
2 5 97 
10804 
23 
6071 
21026 
36675 
21199 
78896 
10041 
54617 
1652 
3293 
5719 
3S+6 
1*553 
16 
1 6128 
1653 
2527 
29I9 
10081 
6 
6155 
1654 
33*3 
6063 
3845 
132,31 
16 
6620 
i6js 
2761 
5148 
3439 
11348 
9 
7004 
1656 
3 327 
<>57 3 
4015 
13915 
6 
7050 
I«J7 
3014 
5646 
3770 
12430 
4 
6635 
I658 
3613 
1692 
4443 
*4979 
14 
6170 
1^59 
343i 
6988 
4301 
14720 
36 
569° 
25288 
47695 
30278 
10326] 
107 
51502 
l660 
3098 
5644 
3926 
12668 
13 
6971 
l66l 
3804 
7309 
SS32 
16645 
20 
88js The Table following contains the Number of Burials, and Chrifi* 
the feven Pari fogs here under-mentioned5from the year 1636 
unto the year 1659 all which time the Burials3 and Chriftnincs 
were joyntly mentioned: the two laft years the Chriftnings were omit- 
ted in the yearly Bids. This Table conffts of feventeen Columns} 
the Total or all the Burials being contained in the fixteen Columns: 
which Number being added to the Total in the precedent Table of 
Burials, and Chrijhungs> makes the Total of every yearly, or general 
Note, where there follows a fecond Number under any year, it denotes 
thoje, who died that year of the Plague. 
Note, where there follows a fecond Number under any year, it denotes 
thoje, ?i?/;0 died that year of the Plague. 
We ft min 
ijltngtan-, 
Lambeth, 
Stepney, Neivinr. Hackney J{c. 
r.Tot. 7. Par,Tot 7. Par 
An.Do.Bur. 
Ch.| B. |Cb.| B.| Ch. j B. |Ch. | 
B. |Ch. |B.|Ch.l B. lOli. |B. 
Ch. 
1636 
1107 
556 
95 
>6 213 
137 *895 
88115841 
*55 c8 
77 90 
62 
4056 
*924 
442 
30 
45 
9°s 
242\ 
*4 
2C 
170? 
*637 
9*3 
49* 
94 
72 
*73 
*37 
95 2 
838 
183 
*72 
68 
?° 74 
5* 
2507 
1 836 
1638 
j 
3Ci 
5*3 
*/ 
18 
*5 3 
I 6 
6 
10 
521 
1021 
126 
U6 
49 
221 
8 
140 j 209 
1 1* 
90S’ 
2 5 5 
14610169 74 
'0! 1 
782997 
I *45 
1 s 5 3 
1639 
546 
543 
88 
53 
*95 
131 
9 70 
956 
187 
I59i8453 8* 
5*2*5* 
1948 
1640 
*1 
754 
61 
665 
94 
3 
54 
187 
6 
142 1106 
! **7 
983 
189 
194 
1 J 
7* 54 53 
j 1 
9 
772459 
1 *89 
2159 
1641 
697 
625 
92 
76168 
*37 I250 1037 
170 
*37 
8273 69 
64 2508 
2149 
40 
630 
5 
9 
70 
4 
i 
128 
164* 
671 
98 
7* 
149 
124 1 270 
H58 
160 
*45 
78 
58 63 
76 2489 
2262 
3 
37 
592 
4 
12 
20 
*7 
5 
‘ 1 
4 
99 
666 
105 
69 
177 
114 1167 1013 
240 
*47*5 
3*42 
672471 
2038 
1 25 
3 
45 
86 
J 
2 
244 
i*44 
570 
429 
61 
55 
1 * 5 
105 1187 
933 
*23 
101 
54 
45 70 
822189 
*75° 
,35 
444 
8 
8 
269 
44 
3 
*7 
384 
*645 
611 
55 
*3 
146 
114 1171 
873 
183 
i*9 
58 
60 50 
602284 
*753 
j 62 
6 
3 
150 
18 
7 
1 
256 
1646 
691 
503 
8, 
61 
*37 
108 *230 
960 
156 
13° 
76 
63 47 
432421 
1868 
1 7* 
4*4 
1 8 
5 
97 
*4 
9 
2 
203 
1647 
739 
108 
5* 
161 
94 1126 
926 
129 
*5 
88 
45 42 
44 2 3 9 3 
1688 
114 
384 
1: 
25 
*55 
28 
16 
4 
454 
1648 
56* 
68 
46 
87 
57 
837 
767 
57 
4- 45 59 **35 
*305 
4i 
4 
3i 
6 
82 
j *649 
558 
333 
9C 
44 
131 
55 
838 
625 
90 
49 
1807 
no6 
jidjo 
470 
4*3 
78 
54 
88 
5° 
748 
572 
55 
*5 
61 
4850 
| 
! 4 
621550 
1 
1264 
1651 
j 
58c 
345 
l°7 
5* 
127 
49 
9*1 
634 
172 
5 9 
60 
jo 84 
1 
45 2091 
1213 
1652 
649 
432 
99 
3* 
179 
50 
1212 
*57 
rp8 
8S 
7233 
74 
372483 
1330 
1*53 
5*7 
394 
*9 
46 
120 
54 
10*4 
620 
195 
J 
7*|7* 
48 
*9 
212*55 
1250 
'1654 
657 
401 
96 
*5 
1*6 
76 
1252 
803 
236 
106.88 
3*7< 
I 
4*2570 
1526 
i*55 
676 
4*4 
95 
86 
*34 
128 
U99 
859 
172120^8 
37*2 572406 
1701 
1656 
76i 
498 
*39 
89176 
*52 
*255 
963 
248 
127 
67 
4* 
*6452701 
1920 
1657 
7°5 
473 
112 
67231 
| 
i37 
1213 
876 
204 
123 
96 
42 
5i 3* 2612 
1749 
1658 
890 
440 
1*3 
36 220 
32 
1486 
892 
181 
999* 
3048 1*1958 
1645 
1659 
822 
4*5 
1** 
!j« 
193103 
*392 
695 
138 
86,83 
JoW* 312828 
1418 
1660 
783 
108 
18? 
1151 
114 
*5 
33 
24?7 
3SCK 
1661 
983 
!l02 
3 30 
kGi 
340I 
I102I 
87 
place this Table after fol 72. The Table »( Males, and Females, fa- London. 
An. Dorn. 
Buried l 
Males Females 
Chnttene 
Males 
d 
Females 1 
1629 
4668 
4103 
5218 
4683 
1630 
5660 
4894 
4858 
4457 
1631 
4549 
4013 
4472 
4102 
163* 
4932 
4603 
4994 
4590 
16 33 
4369 
4023 
5158 
4839 
1634 
5<57<* 
5224 
5035 
4820 
1635 
5548 
5103 
5106 
4920 
1636 
12377 
10982 
4917 
4605 
47779 
43945 
1 39708 1 
37024 
1637 
639* 
5371 
4703 
4457 
1638 
7168 
<‘45<S 
5 359 
4952 
1639 
5 351 
45H 
5366 
4784 
1640 
6761 
6010 
5518 
5 332 
Total 
73451 
65293 
60664 
56549 
1641 
6872 
6270 
5470 
5200 
1642 
7°4 9 
6224 
5460 
4910 
1643 
636Q 
4.7 9 2 
4617 
1644 
5659 
5274 
4107 
3997 
1645 
6014 
5465 
4047 
3919 
1646 
66 83 
6097 
3768 
3395 
1^47 
7313 
6746 
3796 
353<* 
1648 
5145 
4749 _ 
3363 
3181 
51377 
47185 
0 
00 
'!*■ 
32755 
1649 
5454 
51 iz 
3079 
2746 
1650 
4548 
4216 
2890 
2722 
1651 
5680 
JI47 
3231 
2840 
1652 
6543 
6026 
3220 
2908 
1653 
5416 
4«7i 
3196 
2959 
»«S4 
6972 
6J7J 
3441 
3179 
1655 
6027 
5330 
365 s 
3349 
165$ 
7365 
6556 
366 8 
3382 
44005 
41333 1 
26380 
1 *4o8s 
1657 
6578 
5856 
3396 
3289 
1658 
793* 
7°57, 
3*57 
3013 
1659 
7451 
7305 
9209 
2781 
1660 
7960 
7i58 
3714 
3247 
299^5 
27376 
13186 
1 12330 
Total 
198952 
181187 
>35034 
1 126759 
The Table by pecads of years for the Country-?arifb% * 
Decads 
of years 
Married 
1 €bnj 
Males 
lened 
1 Temales 
Both 
| Bu 
Males 
ried 
Bemales 
! Both 
i 
,,5<5p 
,s 273 
,<57S> 
's588 
■*9 
'iltz 
190 
*85 
3i* 
338 
302 
3 op 
614 
637 
214 
287 
221 
302 
43S 
589 
175 
181 
342 
3 66 
274 
‘ 377 
616 
743 
337 
249 
284 
219 
821 
488 
197 
417 
358 
775 
338 
386 
724 
An 
All 
168 
i53 
368 
418 
373 , 
4i3 
741 
831 
305 
317 
306 
319 
611 
63 6 
16^9 
C.48 
137 
351 
357 
708 
375 
383 
75* 
16Ill 
3Sl 
354 
320 
674 
2l8 
220 
• 
438 
1598 
32*6 
3083 
6339 
264O 
2640 
528c The Table of the Country-? arifh. 
Years 
Commu- 
nicants 
Wed- 
dings 
Chriftned 
M. | FjBoth 
Buried 
M. | R | Both 
1569 
1570 
1571 
1572 
1573 
1574 
1575 
1576 
1577 
1578 
/ 
H 
19 
18 
23 
21 
16 
24 
22 
13 
20 
38 
29 
28 
32 
34 
21 
37 
33 
29 
3i 
30 
32 
26 
32 
36 
2 9 
29 
37 
26 
35 
68 
61 
54 
54 
70 
50 
66 
70 
55 
66 
23 
21 
23 
20 
24 
28 
1? 
16 
19 
25 
21 
25 
27 
14 
13 
38 
*9 
18 
21 
25 
44 
46 
5° 
34 
37 
66 
34 
34 
40 
50 
19°|3i2|302(614| 
214 | 221 | 435 
1579 
80 
81 
82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
1588 
15 
21 
29 
22 
22 
*5 
15 
l8 
13 
15 
35 
43 
29 
28 
32 
46 
2 6 
22 
34 
33 
36 
3i 
33 
2 9 
27 
44 
21 
23 
3i 
34 
7i 
74 
62 
57 
59 
90 
47 
45 
65 
67 
27 
38 
34 
18 
35 
22 
IS 
24 
43 
3i 
27 
41 
24 
21 
52 
19 
27 
37 
36 
18 
54 
79 
58 
39 
87 
41 
42 
61 
79 
49 
| 18? ( 328 | 3091637 I287 | 302 | *8g The Table of the Country-? arifi. 
Commu- 
Wed- 
| Chriftened 
Buried 
Years 
nicants 
dings 
1 M. 
1 
1 Both 
M. 
1 F. 
j Both 
I589 
20 
3i 
27 
58 
28 
16 
44 
90 
; 
16 
40 
29 
69 
36 
21 
57 
91 
12 
37 
28 
65 
35 
?o 
65, 
92 
14 
40 
25 
65 
28 
*9 
47 
93 
20 
32 
20 
52 
33 
3* 
*5 
94 
24 
34 
37 
7i 
16 
22 
38 
95 
16 
32 
28 
60 
33 
28 
61 
96 
9 
3* 
2<5 
62 
42 
29 
71 
97 
J3 
23 
25 
48 
53 
64 
1 *7 
98 
21 
37 
29 
66 
33 
23 
j 66 
1175 1 J421274 ! 616 1 337 !2.84\6j 1 
1599 
19 
45 
3i 
76 
2T 
22 
43 
600 
16 
26 
34 
60 
ao 
26 
46 
601 
16 
39 
32 
71 
18 
12 
30 
60a 
14 
3i 
3^ 
63 
29 
18 
47 
603 
12 
3i 
38 
69 
32 
39 
7i 
604 
21 
42 
35 
77 
26 
27 
53 
60 5 
19 
47 
34 
81 
21 
12 
33 
606 
19 
29 
4* 
70 
28 
23 
51 
607 
27 
3<5 
47 
83 
33 
19 
52 
608 
J7 
40 
53 
93 
2 X 
21 
4s 
..... 
181 | 3661 377 \: 743 [ 249 | 219 1468 The Table of the Country-Pafijh. 
Chriftened 
Buried 
Years 
Weddings | 
M. 
F. 
Both| M. 
1 F- 
| Both 
1609 1 
23 
30 
3* 
Si 
24 
1 4i 
65 
10 
19 
46 
30 
76 
33 
40 
73 
11 
2% 
40 
41 
81 
41 
32 
73 
12 
20 
55 
32 
87 
53 
63 
116 
13 
24 
41 
33 
74 
47 
41 
88 
14 
23 
50 
35 
85 
27 
36 
63 
i5 
22 
35 
48 
83 ; 
28 
36 
64 
16 
14 
38 
36 
74 
27 
41 
68 
17 
i7 
45 
3* 
76 
35 
28 
63 
1618 
S 
37 
41 
78 
23 
28 
5i 
197 
4i7 1 35S | 77513381 386) 
724 
1619 
21 
37 
43 
80 
26 I 
28 
54 
20 
20 
34 
5i 
85 
18 
30 
48 
21 
21 
3i 
37 
68 
28 
36 
64 
22 
23 
45 
33 
83 
20 
26 
46 
23 
M 
40 
36 
76 
56 
3i 
87 
*4 
19 
30 
33 
63 
29 
35 
64 
25 • 
7 
37 
4i 
78 
i 36 
20 
56 
2 6 
9 
30 
35 
65 
21 
29 
50 
27 
18 
1 45 
23 
68 
24 
29 
S3 
1628 
16 
• 39 
36 
75 
47 
i 42 
89 
1681368I373I741(305 I 306 
611 The Table of the Country-Pari/h. 
Chriftened 
Buried 
Years 
j W eddings 
M. 
| K | Both.I M. 
F. ! 
Both 
'1629 
22 
53 
38 
91 
46 1 
28 
74 
30 
8 
58 
45 
103 
26 1 
27 
53 
3i 
20 
42 
29 
71 
26 1 
33 
59 
32 
16 
43 
{ 5° 
93 
15 
21 
36 
33 
12 
38 
65 
103 
l8 
II 
29 
34 
23 
3° 
4S 
, 75 
l8 
26 
44 
35 
n 
39 
32 
71 
j8 
17 f 
35 
36 
SO 
37 
! 87 
1 42 
48 
90 
37 
53 
35 
36 
71 
1 25 
35. 
60 
1638 | 
13 
30 
36 
66 
L 8? 
73 1 
i5*_ 
153 
4i8|4n 1831 | 
317! 31916?6 
1(539 
18 
24 
1 31 
55 
48 
66 
114 
40 
11 
44 
l 41 
85 
35 
39 
74 
41 
21 
! 34 
29 
63 
34 
36 
70 
42 
21 
48 
39 
87 
32 
2 9 
61 
43 
2 
L 3G 
42 
72 
$9 
28 
8 7 
44 
16 
33 
26 
59 
65 
72 
3 37 
45 
10 
43 
41 
84 
28 
29 
57 
46 
11 
32 
35 
67 
24 
32 i 
56 
47 
12 
28 
46 
74 
25 
2 I 1 
46 
48 
9 
3 5 
27 
62 
25 
3 r 
56 
5371351 | 357 1 7°8 
375 
I 3831758 
1649 1 
9 
22 
37 
59 
46 
34 
80 
5° 1 
9 
55 
31 
86 
25 
27 
52 
51 
7 
25 
27 
52 
11 
21 
32 
52 
54 
34 
28 
62 
20 
25 
45 
53 
9 
47 
24 
71 
21 
14 
35 
54 
15 
34 
37 
71 
14 
25 
39 
55 
38 
35 
34 
69 
28 
19 
47 
5 * 
28 
40 
30 
70 
18 
55 
33 
57 
37 
23 
43 
66 
22 
25 
47 
581 
16 
39 
29 J 
68 
53 
55 
28 
|i82 
354 
320 | 674 
| 218 
22 0 1438 Jd-vertifements for the better under (land- 
ing of the federal 1 ables: videlicet, 
Concerning the Table of Cafualues con- 
fining of thirty Columns. 
T. He fir ft Column contains all the Cafuahi s hap- 
pening within the 22 fingle years mentioned in 
— this Bill. 
The 14 next Columns contain two of the laft Septe- 
narks of years, which being the lateft are firft fee 
down. 
The 8 next Columns reprefent the 8 firft years, 
wherein the Cajualties were taken notice off. 
Memorandum, That the 10 years between 1636 
and 1647 are omitted its containing nothing Extra- 
ordinary, and as not condflent with the Incapacity of 
a Sheet, 
The 5 next Columns are the 8 years from to 
1646 brought into 2 Quaternions, and the 12 of the 
14 laft years brought into three more; that Compari- 
fon might be made between each 4 years taken toge- 
ther, as well as each fingle year apart, The next Column contains 3 years together, taken 
at 10 years diftancefrom each other; that the diftant 
years, as well as confequent, might be compared 
withthe whole 20, each of the 7 each 
of the 22 Angle years. 
The laft Column contains the total of the 1 y Qua- 
ternions, or 25 years. 
The Number 229250 is the total of all the Burials 
in the faid 20 years, as 34190 is of the Burialsin the 
faid 3 diftant years. Where note that the i of the latter 
totalis 11396, and the of the former is 114625 differ- 
ing but 66 from each other in fo great a fum, videlicet 
fcarce £0 part. 
The Table of'Burials, and Chrijlnings, 
confjling of 7 Qtlumns. 
IT is to be noted, that in all the feveral Columns of 
the Burials thole dying of the Playue are left out, 
being reckoned all together in the fixth Column: 
whereas in the original Bills the Playue, and all other 
difeafes are reckoned together, with mention how 
many of the refpedtive totals are of the Playue. 
Secondly, From the year 1642 forwards the ac- 
compt of the Chrijlninys is not tobetrufted, the neg- 
lects of the fame beginning about that year: for 
in 1642 there are fet down 10370, and about the 
fame Number feveral years before, after which time 
the faid Chrijlnings decreafed to between yOQo and 
6000 by omiffion of the greater part. 
Thirdly, The feveral Numbers are call up into OUo- naries, that Comparifon may be made of them as 
well as of fingle years. 
The Fable of Males, and Females, con- 
taming 5 Columns. 
Firft, The Numbers are call up for i2 years; vide- 
licet from when the diftmdtion between Males 
and Females firft began, Until! inclufivb, when 
the exadtnefs in that Accompt ceafed. 
Secondly, From 1640 toi660 the Numbers are 
caft up into another total, which feems as good for 
comparing the Number of Males with Females, the 
negled: being in both Sexes alike, and proportion- 
able. 
The Tables concerning the Country-Farijh, the for- 
mer of Dccads beginning at i569,and continuing un- 
till 1 5-8, and the latter being for fingle years, being 
for the fame time, are fo plain, that they require no 
further'Explanation then the bare reading the 
pter relating to them, 
f i y{i$.