J\atumand Tomcat /j OBSERVATIONS Mentioned in a following Index, and made upon the Bills of Mortality. By g^AVS^JC, Citizen of LONDON- With reference to the Trade, . Growth, Ayre5 Difeafes, and the feveraj Changes of th@ faid -City. 1 ■ ** " Non, me ut miretur Turba, labor Contentus paueir LeUonbns —— LONDON, Printed by Tho: Roycroft, for John Martin, Jam?rAlleftrv and Tbo: Die as, at the Sign of the Bell in St. rW. Church-yard, M D C L X11. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE JOHN Lord (gO $E%TS, Baron of Truro,Lord Privie-Seaf and one of His Majeftie’s moft Honourable Frivie Council. My Lord, ■S the favours I have received from your Lordfhip oblige me to prefent you with fome token of my gratitude : fo the efpecial Honour I have for your Lordfhip hath made me folhcitous in the choice of the Prefent. For, if I could have given your Lordfhip any choice Excerptions out of the Greeks or Latinc Learning,I lhould (according to our Engliflj 7Jroi/£r£) thereby but carry Coals to Newcastle, and but give your Lorfhip Puddle-water, who, by your own eminent Knowledge in thofe learned Languages, can drink out of the very Fountains your felf. Moreover, to prefent your Lordfhip with tedious Narrations, were but to fpeak my own Ignorance of the Value,which his Majefty, and the Publick have of your Lordfhip's Time. And in brief, to offer any thing like what is already in other Books, were but to derogate from your Lordfhip’s learning,which the World knows to be univerfal, and unacquainted with few ufefull things contained in any of them. Now having(I know not by what accident)engaged my thoughts upon the Bills of Mortality, and fofarfuc- ceeded therein, as to have reduced feveral great confu- fed Volumes into a few perfpicuous Tables and abridged TbeEpiflle Dedicatory. fuch Obfervations as naturally flowed from them, into a few fuccinft Paragraphs,without any long Series of muU tiloquious Deductions, I have prefumed to facrifice thefe my fmalljbut firft publifh’d,Labours unto your Lordfhip, as unto whofe benigue acceptance of fome other of my Papers^en the Birth of theie is due s hoping (if I may without vanity fay it) they may be of as much ufe to Perfons in your Lordlhip’s place, as they are of little or none to me, which is no more then the faireft Dia- monds are to the Journeyman Jeweller that works them,or the poor Labourer that firft dig’d them from the Earth. For with all humble fubmifsion to your Lordfhip, I conceive, That it doth not ill-become a Peer of the Par- liament, or Member of his Majefiies Council, to confider how few ftarve of the many that beg: That the irreligi- ous Propo/als of fome, to multiply People by Polygamy, is withall irrational,and fruitlefs: That the troublefome fecluflons in the Plague-time is not a remedy to be pur- chafed at vaft inconveniencies : That the greateft Plagues of the City are equally, and quickly repaired from the Country: That the wafting of Males by Wars, and Colonies do not prejudice the due proportion be- tween them and Females: That the Opinions of Plagues accompanying the Entrance of Kings is falfe, and fe- ditious: That London, the Metropolis of England, is per- haps a Head too big for the Body, and pofsibly too ftrong: That this Head grows three times as faft as the Body unto which it belongs, that is, It doubles its People in a third part of the time: That our PariJljes are now grown madly difproportionable: That our Temples are not futable to our Religion: That the Trade, and very City of London removes Westward: That the walled City is blit a one fifth of the whole Pyle: The Epijile Dedicarory. That the old Streets are unfit for the prefent fre- quencie of Coaches' That the paflage of Ludgate is a throat too ftraight for the Body: That the fighting men about London, are able to make three as great Armies as can be of ufe in this lfland: That the num- ber of Heads is fuch,as hath certainly much deceived fome ofonr Senateurs in their appointments of Pole- money, See. Now, although your Lordfhip’s moft ex- cellent Difcourfes have well informed me, That your Lordfhip is no ftranger to all thefe'Pofitions 5 yet be- caufe I knew not that your Lordfhip had ever dedu- ced them from the Bills of Mortality; I hoped it might not be ungratefull to your Lordfhip, to fee unto how much profit that one Talent might be im- proved , befides the many curiofities concerning the waxing, and waning of Difeafes, the relation between Healthful!, and fruitfuU Seafons, the diffe- rence between the City and Country Air, Scc. All which, being new, to the beft of my knowledge, and the whole Pamphlet, not two hours reading, I did make bold to trouble your Lordfhip with a perufal ofit, and by this humble Dedication of it, let your Lordfhip and the world fee the Wifdom of our City, in appointing, and keeping thefe Accompts,and with howmuchaffe&ion and fuccefs lam My Lord, Tour Lord/hip's mofi obedient,and mofi faith full Servant, Birchen-Lane, January 16 6\. John Gkaunt. To the Honourable^ Sir %0 B EBX MO Knight, One of His Majeflie’s Privie-Council for His Kingdom of Scotland, and Pref dent of the Royal Society of Philofophers, meeting at Grefjam-College, and to the reft of that Honourable Society* BHe Obfervations, which l happened to make (for 1 defigned them not) upon the Bills of Mortality, have fallen out to be both Political,and Natural, feme co?icerningTvadeyand Govern- ment, others concerning the Air, Countries, Seafons, Fruitfulnefs, Health, Difeafes, Longevity, and the proportions be- tween the Sex, and Ages of Mankinde. All which (be- caufe Sr- Francis Bacon reckons his Difcourfes of Life and Death to be Natural Hiftory ; and becaufe 1 under- fund your [elves are alfo appointing means, how to meafure the Degrees of Heat, Windinef in the fevcral Darts of His Flajefie's Dominions) 1 am humbly bold to thinf Natural Hiftory alfo, and confequently, that I am obliged to cafiiti this /mall Mite into your great Treaftiry of that kfnde. His Majefy being not onely by antient "Right (upremcly concerned in matters of Government,**#;/ Trade,but alfo by happy accident Prince of Philofophers, and of Phyfi- co-Mathematical Learning,not calledfo by Flatterers.and Paraftes, but really fo, eu well by his ownperfonal Abili- The Epiftle Dedicatory. ties, as ajjeftien concerning tbofe matters, upon which Ac- compt 1 Jhould. have humbly dedicated both forts yf my Obfervations unto His mofi Sacred Majefly $ but to be fhort3 / knew neither my Wornor my Per fin fit to bear His Name, nor to defirve Hu Patronage. Neverthelef, as 1 have prefumed to prefent this Pamphlet, [o far as it re- lates to Trade, to one of His Plajeflie's Peers, and eminent Mmiflers of State: Jo l do defre your leavey to prefent the fame unto Ton al[6, as it relates to Na- tural Hiftory, and as it depends upon the Mathematiques of my shop-Arithmetique. For Tou are not onely his Ma- jefties Privie Council for Philofophie, but alfo His Great Council. Tou are the three Efiates, viz. the Mathematical.. PhyficaL Tou are his Parliament of Na- ture, and it is no lefs difparagement to the meaneji of your number, to fay there may be Commoners as well as Peers in Philofophie amongflyou. For my own part 1 count it happi- nef enough to my felf that there is finch a Council of Nature, as your Society is Jn being^and7 do with as much earnejfnef enquire after your Expeditions againjl the Impediments of Sciences/ to know what Armies,and Navies the feveral Princes of the World are fitting forth. I concern my felf as much to know who are Curatours of this or the other Experi- ments ,as to know who are Marefchals o/France,or Chan- cellour 0/Sweden. 1 am ns wellplcafed to hear you are fatisfiedin a luciferous Experiment0 as that a breach hath been made in the Enemys works : and your ingenious argu- ing* immediately from fen fe3 andfa$3 areas pleafant to me as the not fie of victorious Guns, and Trumpets. Moreover, as I contend for the Decent Rights, and Cere- monies of the Church, fo 1 alfo contend againft the envious Schifmaticks of your Society (who thin\ you do nothing., TheEpiftle Dedicatory. nnlefs you prefently tranfmute Mettals, make Butter and Cbee/e without Milky and(as their own Ballad hath it,make Leather without Hides ) by averting the ufefulnefs of even all your preparatory 3 and luciferous experiments being not the Cere monies,but the fubflance,andprinciples of ufefuU Arts. For, /finde in Trade the want o f an univerfal mea* furcy and have heard Mttficians wrangle about the juft, and uniform keeping of time in their Conforts, and therefore can- not with patience hear, that your Labours about Vibrati- ons eminently conducing to botbfJhould beflighted, nor your Pendula, called SwingTwangs with fcorn. Nor can 1 better endure that your Exercitations about Air flsould be termed ft employment onely for Airie Fancies, and not adequate Tasks for the mofi folid,andpiercing heads: This is my Opinion concerning you, and although l am none of your number, nor have the leaf ambition to be fo, otherwise then to become able for your /ervice, and worthy of your Trufl: yet 1 am coveteous to have the rightwf being repie- [ented by you: 'To which end 1 defir that this little Exhi- bition of mine, maybe looked upon as a Freeholder'/ Vote for the ehoofing of Knights and Burgefles to fit in the Parliament of Nature, meaning thereby, that as the Par- liament owns a Free-holder, though be hath but fourty Jhillings a year to be one of them 5 (0 in the fame manner and l alfo defire to be owned as one of you, and that no longer, then l continue a faith full Friend, and Servant cf your Defigns and Perfbns, J- G. An Index of the T options Obfer- vations, and Quejlions contained in this Difcourfe. 1. 1 He Occafion of keeping the Accompt of Burials J|_ arofe firftfrem the Plague, Anno 15-9 page 4 2. Seven Alterations, and Augmentations of the pub- It fhed Bills, between the years 1662, pag. 4> 5j G 7, io Reafons,why the Aecompts ofBurials,andChriftnings fjould be kept univerfaUy3 and novo calledfor3 per- ufed by the Magiflrate, p. 1 2 4. true Accompt of the Plague cannot be kept, without the Accompt of other Difeafes, p. 13 y. The ignorance of the Searchers no impediment to the keepingef fufficient,and ufefull Aecompts, p. 14 6. That about one third of all that were ever quicks die un- der five years old) and about thirty fix per Centum under fix, p. 15 7. That two parts of nine die of Acute, andfeventy of two hundred twenty nine of Chronical Difeafes, and four of two hundred twenty nine 0/ outward Griefs, p. 16 8. A Table of the Proportions dying ofthe mofl notorious, and formidable Difeafes, or Cafualties, p. 17 9. That feven per Centum die of Age, p. 18 10. That fome Difeafes, and Cafualties keep act flant proportionjwhereciA fome other are very irregular p. 18 11. That not above one in four thoufand are Starved,p. 19 The Index. 12. That it were better to maintain all Beggars at the publicly charge, though earning nothing, then to let them beg about the Streets 3 and that employing them without di(cretion,may do more harmphen good, pag. 20, 21 13. That not one in two thoufandare Murthered in Lon- don, with the Reafons thereof, p. 21 14. That not one in fifteen hundred die 's Lunatick, p. 22 1 y. That few of thofe,who die of the French-Pox, are fet down,but coloured under the Confnmption,&£. pag. 22, 24 16. That the Rickets is a new difea fie,both as to thing; that from fourteen dying thereof, Anno 1634, it hath gradually encreajed to above five hundred Anno i6<50, p. 24, 2y0 26 17 That there is another new Difeafe appearings as A Stopping of the Stomach, which hath encreafedin twenty years.from fix,to near three hundred, p. 2 6 18. That the Riling of the Lights (fuppofed inmoft Cafes to be the Fits of the Mother) havealfoen- creafed in thirty years5 from fourty four, to two hun- dred fourty nine, . p. 27 19. That both the Stopping of the Stomach, and Riling of the Lights, are probably of, or depend- ing upon the Rickets, p. 28 20. That the Stone decreafes,and is wearing away, p. 28 a 1. The Gowt// ands at aft ay, p. 29 22. The Scurvie encreafes, p. 2 9 23. The Deaths by reafon of Agues are to thofe caufedby Fevers, as one to fourty, p. 29. 24. Abortives, arid Stilborn, to thofe that are Chrift- ned are as one to ttcenty, p- 29 27. Thatfince the differenceF, in Chrfinings The Index. have been neglectedhalf in half P- 5 9 26. That not oneWoman in an hundred dies in Child-bed, nor one of two hundred in her Labour, p. 50 27. Three reafons why the Regiftring of Children hath been negle Ued, p.31 28. There was a confufion in the Accompts of Chryfoms, Infants, and Convulfions ; but reUifiedin this Df fcourfe, p. 32 29. There hath been in London within this Age four times of great Mortality, vi\. Anno 1592, 1603, 1625, and 16365 whereof that of 16c3 was the great- , , , P-33.3 + 30 Annis I0C3, and \ 6 2^,about a fifth part of the whole died, and eight times more then were born, p. 34 31. That a fourth part more die of the Plague then are fet down, * p-35 32. The Plague Anno 1603 lafled eight years, that in 1636 twelve but thatin 1625 continuedbut onefingleyears p, 36 33. That Alterations in the Air do incomparably more operate as to the PlaguQ,then the Contagion of con- verfe, p. 36 34. That Purples, fmall-Pox, and other malignant Di- feafes fore-run the Plague p. 36 35. A diffiofition in the Air towards the Plague doth alfo difpafe women to Abortions, p. 37 3 6. That as about-, part of the whole people died in the great Plagu e-years, fo two other fifth parts fled, pag. 37, 38, which Jhews the large and interefl, which the Londoners have in the Country. ibid. 37. That (be the Plague greats or fmali') the City is fully re-peopled within twoyears, p. 3 8 38. The years 11618, 20, 23, 24, 32, 335 34, 1649,52, The Index. 54> 5y 6 i, awey/Vf/y years, p. 40 39. The more [\ck\y the year is, the left fertile of Births, P 4° 40. That Plagues always come in with Rings Reigns is moft falje, p, 40 42. 7 he Autumn, or the Fall is the moft unhealth full fea- fon, p. 41 41. That in London there have been twelve Burials for eleven Chriftniqgs, p. 41 43. That in the Country there have been, contrary-wife, ftxty three Chnftnings for fifty two Burials, p. 42 44. A fuppoftion, that the people in, and about London, are a fifteenth part of the people of all England, and Wales, p.42 45. That there are about fix Millions,and an half of people in England, and Wales, p. 42 46. That the people in the Country double by Procreation but in two hundred and eighty years, and in London in about hereafter will befioewn , the reafon whereof vs, that many ofthe breeders leave the Coun- try, and that the breeders of London come from all parts of the Country, fuch perfons breeding in the Coun- try almoft onely, as were born there, but in London multitudes of others, p. 42 47. That about 6oco per Annum come up to London out of the Country, p. 43 48. That in London about three die yearly out of eleven Families, P* 43 49. There are about twenty five Millions of acres of Land in England, and Wales, p. 45 50. Why the proportion of breeders in London to the reft of the people is lefs then in the Country, P* 4f 51. That in London are more impediments of breeding, The Index. then in the Country, p. 46 72. That there are fourteen Males for thirteen Females in London, and in the Country but fifteen Males for fourteen Females, p. 47 73. Polygamy ufelefi to the multiplication of Manfiitide, without Caftrations, p. 48 74. Why Sheep, and Oxen out-breed Foxes, and other Vermin-Animals, p. 48 77. There being fourteen Males to thirteen Females, and Males beingprolifique fourty years, tfWFemales-te twenty five, it follows, that in effect there be 560 Males to 325 Females, p 49 56. The faid inequality is reduced by the latter marriage of the Males, and their imploymcnt in Wars, Sea-voi- age, tfWColonies, p/49 57. Phylicians have two Women Patients to one Man, and yet more Men die then Women p- 49 58. The great emijfion of Males into the Wars out of London Anno 1642 wasmftantly fupplyed, p. 50 59. Caftration is not ufedonely to meliorate the flefhof Eatable Animals, but to promote their increafe aljo, p. 51 60. The true ratio formalis of the evil of Adulteries, and Fornications, p. 51 6 r. Where Polygamy is allowed> Wives can he no other then Servants, p. 52 62. That ninety /even, and fixteen Parifhes of London are in twenty years encreafed from Jeven 10 twelve, and in fourty years from twenty three to fifty two, P- 53 6 3. The fixteen Parijhes have encreafed farther then the ninety feven, the one having encreafed but from nine to ten in the faidfourty years, p. 73 The Index. The ien Out-Parifhes have in fifty four years encreafed from one to four, p. 54 65. The ninety [even, fixteeen, and ten Parifjcs have in fifty four years encreafed from two to five. p. 5-4 6 6. What great Houfes within the Walls have been turned into Tenements, p. qy 67. Cripplegate-Parifh hathmofi encreafed. &c. p. 5-5 6 8. The City removes Weft wards, with the reafomthere- of, P- £9. Why Ludgatew become too narrow a throat for the City, p.56 70. That there be fome Pari/hes in London two hundred times as big as others, p. 76, 5-7 71. The natural bignefs, and Figure of a Church for the Reformed fijhgion, p. 77, 7 8 62. The City of London, and Suburbs, being equally divi- ded,would make 100 Pari/hes, about the largenef of Chrift-church3Blackfriers,or Colmanftreet, p. f 8 73. There are about 24000 Teeming women in the nine- ty and ten Parijhes in, and about Lon- don, p. 60 74. That about three die yearly out of eleven Families con- taining each eight per fons, p. 60 77. There are about 12000 Families within the walls of London, p# 61 7 6, The houfmg of the fxteen and ten Suburb-Parijhes is thrice as big as that of the ninety feven PariJljes within the walls, p. 61 77. The number of fouls in the ninety [even, and two out- Parijhes is about 384COO p. 61 78. Whereof 199000 are Males, and 1850C0 Females jp. 61 79* TableJhewingof iOO quickjonceptions how many die within fix years, how many the next Decad, andJo for every Decad tid 76, ,p..<*2 80. Tables may be collected how many there be in London of every Age affigned, p. 62 81. That there be in the 97,16}and ten Farijhes near 7O0C0 Fighting Attn0 that is,Men between the Ages of 16, and 56, . p. <52 82. That Weftminfter, Lambeth, Iflington, Hackney, Redriff, Stepney, Newington, contain as many people as the 97 Parifhes within the Walls, and are confe- quently of the whole File, p. 6 2 83. So that in, and about London are about 81CO o fight- ing Ment and 46oOCoin ad, p. 63 84. Adam and Eve in 5<51 o years might have, by the or- dinary proportion of Procreation, begotten more peo- ple ,then are now probably upon the face of the earth, p.63 8 7. Wherefore the World cannot be older then the Scriptures reprefent it, p. 63 86. That every Wedding one with another produces four Children, p. 64 8 7. That in feveral places the proportion between the Males differ, p. <54 88. That in ninety years there were juft as many Males as Females Buried within a certain great Farijh in the Country, p. 64 8p. That a Farijh, confifling of about 2 7O0 Inhabitants, had inyoyears but 1O79 more Chriftnings, then Burials, p. 64 $0. There come yearly to dwell at London about <5ooo f rangers out of the Country, which fwells the Burials a- bout 200 per Annum, p. 67 91. In the Country there have been five Chriftnings for four Burials, ibid 92. A Confirmation, that the mofl healthfull years are alfo themojl fruitfull, , p. 65 93. The proportion between the greateft, & leaft mortalities in the Country are greater then the fame in the City, p. 67 94. The Country Air more capable of good, and bad im- preffions,then that of the City, p. 6 8 95. The differences alfo of Births are greater in the Coun- try, then at London, p. 69 96. In the Country but about one of fifty dies yearly, but at London one of thirty, over and above the Plague, p.69 97. London not [0 healthfull now as heretofore, p. 70 98. It is doubted whether encreafe of or the burn- ing of Sea-coal were thecaufe, or both, p. 70 99. The Art of making of Gold would be neither benefit to the World’ or the Artifi, p. 72 100. The Elements of true Policy are to underfiand through- ly the Lands, and hands of any Country, p. 7 2 101. *Vpon what confiderations the value of l ands doth depend, P-73 102. And in what the Accidental, P* 7 3 103. Some of the few benefits of having a true Accompt of the people, p. 73 104. That but a [mallpart of the whole people are imployed upon neceffary affairs, p. 74 107. That a true Accompt of people is neceffary for the Government, and Trade of them, and for their peace, and plenty, p. 74 106. Whether this Accompt ought to be confined to the Chief Governours, p. 74 THE PREFACE. Og|§p*Aving been bred in the City of London, and having always obferved, |g that moft of them who conftantly took P'JSj! in the weekly Bills of Mortality, made little other ufe of them, then to look at the foot, how the Burials incrcafed, or decreafed 5 And, among the Cajualties, what had happened rare, and extraordinary in the week currant: fo as they might take the fame as a Text to talk upon,in the next Company 5 and withall, in the Vlayue-time, how the Sicknejl increafed, or decreafed, that fo the Rich might judge of the necefsity of their removall, and Trades-men might conjedfure what doings they were like to have in their refpedfive dealings: 2. Now, I thought that the Wildom of our City had certainly defigned the laudable practice of take- ing, and diftributing thefe Accompts, for other, and greater ufes then thofe above-mentioned,or at leaft, that fome other ufes might be made of them: And thereupon I calling mine Eye upon fo many of the General Bills, as next came to hand, I found encou- ragement from them,to look out all the Bills 1 could, and (to be Ihort) to furnifh my felf with as much mat- ter of that kind, even as the Hall of the could afford me; the which, when I had reduced in- to Tables (the Copies whereof are here inferted) fo as to have a view of the whole together, in order to the more ready comparing of one Year,Seafon,Panfh, or other Divifion of the City, with another, in refpeCt of all the Burials, and, Chriftnings, and of all the Dif eafes, and Cafualties happening in each of them rc- fpecStively ; I did then begin, not onely to examine the Conceits, Opinions,and Conjectures,which upon view of a few fcattered Bills I had taken up; but did alfo admit new ones, as I found reafon,and occa- fion from my Tables. 3. Moreover, finding fome Truths, and not com- monly-believed Opinions,to arife from my Meditati- ons upon thefe negleCted Papers, I proceeded fur- ther, to confider what benefit the knowledge of the fame would bring to the World ; that I might not en- gage my felf in idle, and ufelefs Speculations, but like thofe Noble Virtuofi of Grejham-Colledge (who reduce their fubtile Difquifitions upon Nature into downright Mechanical ufes) prefent the World with fome real fruit from thofe ayrie Bloffoms. 4 How far I have fucceeded in the Premifles, I now offer to the World s cenfure. Who, I hope, will not expeCt from me, not profeffing Letters, things demonftrated with the fame certainty, wherewith Learned men determine in their Scholes; but will take it well, that Ilhould offer at a new thing, and could toroear prefuming to meddle where any of the Learned Pens have ever touched before, and that I have taken the pains, and been at the charge, of Pet- ting out thofe Tables, whereby all men may both corredt my Portions, and raife others of their own: For herein I have, like a (illy Schole-boy, coming to fay my Leflon to the World (that Peevifli, and Tetchie Matter) brought a bundle of Rods where- with to be whipt, for every miftake I have com- mitted. Chap. I. Of the Bills of Mortalityjbeir beginnings and progref. THe firft of the continued weekly Bills of Mortality extant at the Parifh-Clerks Hall, begins the 29. of December, KS03, being the firft year of King James his Reign 3 fince when, a weekly Accompt hath been kept there of Burials and Chrijltiings. It is true, There were Bills before, vi%. for the years 1 y 9 2,-9 3, -94. but fo interrupted fince, that I could not depend upon the fufficiencie of them, rather relying upon thofe Accorapts which have been kept fince, in order,as to all the ufes I fliall make of them. 2. I believe, that the rife of keeping thefe Ac- compts, was taken from the Blague: for the faid Bills (for ought appears) firft began in the faid year 1 f 9 2. being a time of great Mortality; And after fome dif- uie, were refumed again in theyear 1603, after the great Blague then happening likewifc. 3. Thefe Bills were Printed and publifhed, not onely every week on Thursdays, but alfo a genera! Accompt of the whole Year was given in, upon the Tburfday before Chrifimas Dayiwhich faid general Ac- compts have been prefented in the feveral manners following, the Year 1603, to the Year 1624, inclujive, according to the Pattern here inferted, 1623. Id24. The generall Bill for the whole Year, of all the Burials and Chrifinings, as well within the City of London, and the Liberties thereof, as in the Nine out- Pariflies adjoyning to the City, with thzBefl-houfe belonging to the fame: From Tburfday the 18. of December. 1623. to Tburfday the id. of December, 16 24. According to the Report made to the King’s moft Excellent Majefty, by the Company of the Paridi-Clerks of London. BUried this Year in the fourfeore and feventeen Parifhes of, London within the walls. .— 338tf • Whereof, of the Plague, — !• Buried this Year inthefixteen Parilhes of London, and the Peft- houfe,being within the Liberties, and without the walls, , Whereof, of the Plague. e. *9*4. The whole fumni of all the Burials in London, and the Liberties thereof, is this Year, ■ —— —■ 9310. Whereof, of the Plague,— * ———* 6. Buried of the Plague without the Liberties, in Middlefex, and Surrey this whole Year, -—— • - ■■ ■« Chriftned in London, and the Liberties thereof, this Year, — 6368. ©. Buried this Year in the Nine out-Parifhes, adjoyning to London, and out of the Freedom, - - 1900. Whereof, of the Plague.*—•—— f. The Total of all the Burials in the places aforefaid, is-— ™—- ■ - izzio. Whereof, of the Plague. —— . 11. Chriftned in all the aforefaid places this Year — — S 299. Parifhes clear of the Plague, —* —„— ,——— u 6. Parilbes that have been Infedted this Year. - - . ........... 0. 4 Inthe Year id2y, every Parifliwas particulari- zed, as in this following Bill: where note, That this next year of Plague caufed the Augmentation, and Correction of the Bz/Zj jas the former year of Plague, did the very being of them. 16240 1625. A.general, or great Bill for this Year, of the whole number of Buna s, which have been buried of all Difeafes,and alfo of the Plague in every Parilh within the City of London, and the Liberties thereof • as alfo in the nine out-Parifhes ad- joyning to the faid City j with the Peft-houic belonging to the fame, from Tburfday the < 6. day of December, 1614. to Thurfday the 15.day of December, 1615. According to the Report,made to the king’s moil Excellent Majefty, by the Company of Parilh- Clerks of London. LO NDO N, Bur. Plag Albanes in Woodftreet— 188 78 Alhallows Barking —— 397 263 Alhallows Breadlheet — 34 54 Alhallows the Gteat 44a 301 Alhallows Hony-lane— 18 8 Alhallows the lefs — — 159 2of Alhal. in LumbeidHreet 86 44 Alhallows Stainings 183 *3« Alhallows the Wall 3°t *55 Alphage Cripple-gate— 140 190 Andiew-Hubbard 146 IOI Andrews Underfbaft —■ i\ 9 149 Andrews by Wardrobe— 373 191 Annes at Aldersgate — 196 118 Annes Black- Friers—•— .336 115 Antholins Parifh ■— 6i 3 1 Auftins Pari!"h —— — 7i 4o Barthol.at the Exchange Si 24 Bennets Fink — — 108 57 Bennets Grace-Church— 48 14 Bennets at Pauls Wharf— ■iz6 i3* Bennets Sherehog 24 8 J Botolps Billings-gate -— - 99 66 ChrilVs Church Parilh — 611 37* l Chriftopher’s Parifh^-— 48 28 Clements by Eaftcheap— 87 71 i Dyonis Black-Church— 99 S9 Dunftans in the Eaft — 33* 225 Edmunds Lumberdftreet . 78 49 Ethelborow in Bifhopfg— 205 IOI St. Faiths — —■ 89 45 St. Fofters in Fofter-’ane- 149 IOX LONDON. Bur. Plat. Gabriel Fen church—— 71 54 George Botolphs-lane — 30 19 Gregones by Pauls ■ — *96 196 Hellens in Bifhopsgateft. 1 3$ 7* James by Garlickhithe—180 I09 John Baptiit——122 79 John Evangelift — 7 0 John Zachaiies '—-—143 97 James Duks place 310 *54 Katherine Coleman——»63 17$ Katherine Cree-church — 886 373 Lawrence in the fewrie— 91 5* Lawrence Pountney .106 127 Leonards Eaftcheap 55 26 Leonards Fofterlane-—291 209 Magnus Parifh by Bridge-1 37 85 Margarets Lothbury-- — 114 <5 4 Margarets Mofes —■*—— 37 Margarets new Fifhftreet--! 23 82 Margarets Pattons ——77 50 Mary Ab-church 98 58 Mary Aldermanbury —126 79 Mary Aldermary —» 91 54 Mary le Bow . 35 19 Mary Bothaw 22 14 Mary Colechurch —.—• 2 6 11 Mary at the Hill— ——1*2 84 Mary Mounthaw 76 58 Mary Sommerfet ——270 191 Mary Stainings —— — - 70 44 Mary Woolchurch — . - 5 8 ?5 Mary Woolnoth *—•— 8» 50 London. BurJpu Martins Ironmonger-lane if )8 Martins at Lydgate—— i54 1 64 Martins Orgars 88 47 Martins Outwich — 6o 30 Martins in the Vintry —359 108 Matthew Fridayftreet 14 Maudlins in Mlkftreet *~4ei *3 Maudlins Oldfifh-ftieet— i2f 141 Michael Bafiirhaw 199 139 Michael Corn-Hill —159 79 Michael Crooked-lane —144 9i Michael Qiieenhithe ■— Q7 Michael in the Quern—— 53 3o Michael in the Ryal——111 61 Michael in Woodftreet—i 89 68 Mildreds Breadftreet —■ 60 44 Mildreds Poultrey— 94 45 LONDON. Bur. Via. Nicholas Aeons-*—*-— 33 13 Nicholas Cole-Abby — 87 67 Nicholas Olaves —-—. 70 43 Olaves in Hartftreet 16619* Olaves in the Jewry— — 4? if Olaves in Silverftreet — 174lo3 Pancras by Soperlane 17 8 Peter in Cheap-——-— 68 44 Peters in Corn-hill *— — 318 78 Peters at Pauls Wharf-— 97, 68 Peters poor in Broadftreet - V1 17 Stevens in Colemanftreet. J"" 9o67 Tie Total of all the Burials of all Difeafes, within the Halls, without the Walls, in the Liberties, in Mtddlefex and Surrey; with the nine Out Partjhes and the Peft-houfe. Whereof, Buried of the Viague, this prejent year, is 354*7 Chriflnings this prejent year, is 6983 Part/hes clear this year, is I Fartjhes infetted this year, is •III y. In the Year 1616. the City of Weftminfter in imitation of London, was inferted. The grofleac- compt of the Burials, and Chrijlnings, with diftin&ion of the Blague being only taken notice of therein; the fifth, or laft Canton, or Lined-fpace,* of the faid Bill, being varyed into the form following, vi\. In Wefiminjler this Year5« B uried — ■ 471 Blague — >—■— ■ 1 3 Christenings ——.—- 361 6. In the Year 1629. Anaccomptof the Difeafes, and Cafualties whereof any dyed3 together with the diftind;ion of Males and Females, making the fixth Canton of the Bill, was added in manner follow- ing. The Canton of Cafualties, and of the Bill for the Tear 1639. heingof the fame forme with that of i<529. The and Cafualties this year being 1632. ABortive, and Stilborn 445 Affrighted— ——v t Aged ■' —■—— — — <2.8 Ague 43 Apoplex? and Meagrom — 17 Bit with a mad dog ■■ —- 1 Bleeding — - • — 3 Bloody nuxjlcowring) and flux 348 Brufed, Idiies, fores, and ulcers, 18 Burnt, and Scalded — 5 Burft, and Rupture —— — 9 Cancer,and Wolf — ■. 10 Canker —1 *— 1 Childbed — -—- -—-——- 171 Chrifomes, and Infants — —- 2168 Cold, and Cough — 55 Colick, Stone, and Strangury — 56 Confumption ■ ■ — 1797 Convullion 241 Cut of the Stone ——.—-—>— $ Dead in the ftreet, and ftarved — 6 Dropfie, and Swelling 267 Executed, and preft to death— 18 Falling Sicknefs — -- ■■ ■ ■—,— 7 Fever — — 1108 Fiflula — • .— x 5 Flocksj and fmall Pox —— — 531 French Pox . i z Gout-—-— 4 Grief . x 1 Jaundies —«•— •—- 43 Jawfaln ■ — —-—• —1—• 8 Impoftume —- — 74 Kil’d by feveralaccidents——• King’s Evil — —* 38 Livergrown —- 1 '• 87 Lunatique -—7 Made away themfelves —-—-— 17 Mealies —»•—- —■ 80 Murthered — — 7 Over-laid, and ftaived at nurfe — 7 Pallie ——— * 27 Plague—— — 8 Pleurifie,and Spleen———— 36 Purples, and fpotted Feaver — 38 Riling of the Lights — 98 Scurvey,and Itch •—•———■•—9 Suddenly — -■ ■— 62. Swine Pox — —-— 6 Teeth-——— 470 Thrufh, and Sore mouth — -—. 40 Tiflick — 34 Vomiting- ■ ——- — 1 Worms .—■———— 27 Chriltened Males—4994' Females-4 590 In 311—9584 Buried- Males —'■4932' Females—4*03 In all 953?. Whereof, of the Plague*8 Increafed in the Burials in the izi Parifhes,and at the Pefthoufe this year 993 Decreafed of the Plague in the xza Farifiies,and at thePcfthoufe this year., 266 7. In the year 163d, the Accompt pf the Burials, and Chrijlnings in the Parilhes of Islington, Lambeth, Stepney, Newington, Hachney, and Redrijf.'WCTC added in the manner following, making a feventh Can- ton, vi%. Ifi Margaret Weftnnnfter Chriftned —44© Buried — 8 90 .Plague o Newington Chriftned 99 Buried 18 I Plague —— o Iflington Chriftned — 3 6 Buried — — 11 3 .Plague— o Chriftned— 3# Buried 91 Plague—• —* o Chriftned —131 Buried —— xio .Plague — o Hackney Lambeth Chriftned — 16 Buried 48 Plague — o Stepney Chriftned — 89a Buried — — 1484 .Plague — o RcdrifF The total of all' the Burials in the feven lafl Tarifhes this Year—-2958 Whereof of the Plague—— ■ ... —<• ~ o The total of all the Chriftnings - — —— i^4y 8. Covent Garden being made a Parifh,the nine outs Farilhes were called the ten out-Pariflies,the which in former years were but eight. 9. In the year id do. the laft-mentioned ten Parishes, with Wefminfier, Iflington, Lambeth, Stepney, Newington,Hackney, and are entered under two Diviiions, viq. the one containing the twelve Farilhes lying in Middlefex, and Surrey, and the other the five Parifhes within the City, and Liberties of WeftminflerfiVL St.Clement-Vanes,Si.Paul'%-Covent-Gar- den, Si.Mar tins in the Fields, St. Mary-Savoy, and St. Margaret's VVeJlminJler. 1 o. We have hitherto deferibed the feveral fteps. whereby the Bills of Mortality are come up to their prefent ftate; we come next to (hew how they are made, and compofed, which is in this maimer, When any one dies, then,either by tolling, or ringing of a Bell, or by befpeaking of a Grave of the Sexton# the fame is known to the Searchers, correfponding with the faid Sexton. 11. The Searchers hereupon (who are antient Matrons, fworn to their Office) repair to the places where the dead Corps lies, and by view of the fame, and by other examine by what Difeafe, or Cajualty the Corps died. Hereupon they make their Report to the aud he, every Tuef- day night, carries in an Accompt of all the Burials, and CbrtJlmngSj hapning that Week,to the of the HaU. On Wedmfday the general Accompt is made up, and Printed, and on Thurfdays publifhed, and difper- fed to the feveral Families,who will pay four (hillings per Annum for them. 12. Memorandum,That although the general yearly Bills have been fet out in the feveral varieties afore- mentioned, yet the Original Entries in the Hall- were as exadt in the very firfl Year as to all particulars, as now; and thefpecifying of Casualties and Difeafes, was probably more. Cap. II. General Obfervations upon the Cafualties. IN my Difcourfes upon thefe Bills I fhall firft fpeak of the Cafualtiet, then give my Obfervations with reference to the Places, and Parjjhes comprehended in the Bills j and next of the Tears, and Seafons. i. There feems to be good reafon, why the Ma- gifirate fhould himfelf take notice of the numbers of Burials,and Chrijlnings, viz. to fee, whether the City in- creafe or decreafe in people; whether it increafe pro- portionably with the reft of the Nation 3 whether it be grown big enough, or too big, (3c. But why the fame fhould be made known to the People,otherwife then to pleafe them as with a curiofity, I fee not. 2. Nor could I ever yet learn (from the many I have asked, and thofe not of the leaft Sagacity) to what purpofe the diftineftion between Males and Fe- males is inferted, or at all taken notice of; or why that of Marriages was not equally given in ? Nor is it obvious to every body, why the Aceompt of Cafu- alties (whereof we are now fpeakingj is made > The reafon, which feems moft obvious for this latter, is, That the ftate of health in the City may at all times appear. 3. Now it may be Objected, That the fame de- pends moft upon the Accompts of Epidemical Difea- Jes, and upon the chief of them all,the Plague • where- fore the mention of the reft feems onely matter of curiofity. 4« But to this we anfwer; That the knowledg even of the numbers, which die of the Pla:ue3 is not fuftici- ently deduced from the meer Report of the Search- ers, which onely the Bills afford; but from other Ra- tiocinations, and comparings of the Plague with fome other Cafualties. 5. For we fliall make it probable, that in Years of Plague a quarter part more dies of that Di/eaje then are fet down» the fame we fliall alfo prove by the other Cafualties. Wherefore, if it be neceffary to im- part to the World a good Accompt of fome few Ca- fualties, which firxe it cannot well be done without giving an Accompt of them all, then is our common pradtife of fo doing very apt, and rational. 6. Now, to make thefe Corrections upon the per- haps, ignorant, and carelefs Searchers Reports, I con- fidered firft of what Authority they were in thera- felves, that is, whether any credit at all were to be given to their Diftinguifliments: and finding that many of the Cafualties were but matter of fenfe3 as whether a Childe were Abortive, or Stilbsrn 5 whether men were Aged, that is to fay, above flxty years old, or thereabouts, when they died, without any curi- ous determination, whether fuch Aoedperfons died purely of Age, as for that the Innate heat was quite ex- tinCt, or the Radical moifture quite dried up / for I have heard fome Candid Phyficians complain of the darknefs, which themfelves were in hereupon) 1 fay, that thefe Diftinguifliments being but matter of fenfe, I concluded the Searchers Report might be fufficient in the Cafe. 7. As for Confumptmsj if the Searchers do but truly Report (as they may) whether the dead Corps were very lean, and worn away, it matters not to many of our purpofes, whether the Difcafewere exactly the fame, as Phyficians define it in their Books. More- over, In cafe a man of fevcnty five years old died of a Coup!) (of which had he been free, he might have poffibly lived to I efteem it little errour (as to many of our purpofes) if this Perfon be, in the Table of Cajualties 3 reckoned among the Aged, and not placed under the Title of Coughs. 8. In the matter of Infants I would defire but to know clearly, what the Searchers mean by Infants, as whether Children that cannot fpeak, as the word In- fans feems to fignifie, or Children under two or three years old, although I fliould not be latisfied, whether the Infant died of Winde, or of Teeth, or of the Con- vulfion, &c. or were choak'd with Phlegm , or elfe of Teeth, CotivuJfon, and Scorvring., apart, or together, which,they fay,do often caufe one another: for,I fay, it is fomewhat5to know how many die ufually before they can fpeak. or how many live paft any afsigned number of years. 9. I fay, it is enough, if we know from the Searchers but the moft predominant Symptomes; as that one died of the Head-Ache, who was forely tor- mented with it, though the Phyficians were of Opini- on, that the Difeafe was in the Stomach. Again,if one died fuddenly, the matter is not great, whether it be reported in the Bills, Suddenly, Aptplexit, or Planet- Jlrucfen, &c. 10. To conclude. In many of thefe cafes the Searchers arc able to report the Opinion of thePby- ftcian, who was with the Patient, as they receive the fame from the Friends of the Defunft, and in very many cafes, fuch as Drowning, Scalding, Bleeding, Vomitings makjng-away them [elves, Lunatiques, Sores0 Small-Pox, dec. their own fenfes are fufficient, and the generality of the World, are able prettie well to diftinguifh the Gorvt, Stone, Dropjie, Fading-■ Sicknefs, Paljie, Agues, Plurijy, Pickets, Sec. one from another. ii. But now as for thofe Cafualties, which are apteft to be confounded, and miftaken, I (hall in the enfuing Difcourfe prefume to touch upon them fo far,as the Learning of thefe Bills bath enabled me. iz. Having premifed thefe general Advertife- ments, our firft Obfervation upon the Cafualties (hall be, that in twenty Yeate there dying of all difeafes and Cafualties, 22925*0. that 71124. dyed of the ThruJh,Convulfon, Pickets, Teeth, and Worms-, and as Abortives, Chryfomes, Inf ants,Liver.grown, and Over- laid-, that is to fay, that about a. of the whole died of thofe Difeafes, which we guefs did all light upon Children under four or five Years old. 13. There died alfo of the Small-Pox, Swine-Pox, and Meajles, and of Worms without Convulfons, 12210. of which number we fuppofe likewife, that about f. might be Children under fix Years old. Now,if we confider that 16. of the faid 229 thoufand died of that extraordinary and grand Cafnalty the Plague, we (hall finde that about thirty fix per centum of all quick conceptions, died before fix years old. 14. The fecond Obfervation is s That of the faid 22925*0. dying of all Difeafes, there died of acute Difeafes ( the Plague excepted ) but about yoooo. or f parts. The which proportion doth give a meafure or the date, and difpofition of this Climate, and Air, as to health, thefe acute5 and Epidemical Difeafes happening fuddenly, and vehemently, upon the like corruptions, and alterations in the Air. ' iy. The third Obfervation is, that of the faid 229. thoufand about 70. died of Chronical Difeafes, which fhews (as I conceive) the date, and difpofition of the Country (including as well it's Food, as Aii) in refer- ence to health, or rather to longevity : for as the pro- portion of Acute and Epidemical Difeafes fhews the aptnefs of the Air to fuddain and vehement Imprefli- ons, fo the Chronical Difeafes fliew the ordinary temper of the Tlace, fo that upon the proportion of Chronical Difeafes feems to hang the judgment of the fitnefs of the Country for long Life. For, I conceive, that in Countries fubjed to great Epidemical fweeps men may live very long, but where the proportion of the Chronical didempers is great, it is not likely to be fo } becaufe men being long fick, and alwayes fickly, cannot live to any great age, as we fee in feveral forts of Metal-men, who although they are lefs fubjed to acute Difeafes then others, yet feldome live to be old, that is, not to reach unto thofe years, which David faies is the age of man. 16. The fourth Obfervation is; That of the faid 229000. not 4000. died of outward Griefs, as'of Cancer S ores,Z leers, broken and bruifed Limbs, Impofltimes, Itch, things Leprofie, Sc aid-head, Swine- Pox, Wens, See. vv\. not one in 6 o. 17. In the next place, whereas many perfons five in great fear, and apprehenfion of fomeof the more formidable, and notorious difeafes following 3 I fliall oaely fet down how many died of each; that the refpedfive numbers, being compared with the Total 229270, thofe perfons may the better under- ftaud the hazard they are in. Table of notorious Difeafes. Apoplex ——— Cut of the S tone —- 0038 Falling Sicknefs■ ■ ■— 0074 Deadm the flreets.—0243 Gowt* ■« 0134 Head-Ack —■ — - - 0071 Jaundice 0998 Lethargy—— -■— 0067 Leprofy 0006 Lunatique■ o 178 Overlaid,and Starved-0729 0423 Ejipture———- 020 r £ £ and Strangury0863 Sciatica 0007 Sodainly— ■■■ ■ C474 Table of Ca[unities. Bleeding ■ - ■ » - ■■■— otf 9 Burnt,and Scalded— - 125 Drowned •-— 829 Excejfive drinking— 002 Frighted 022 Grief y -—»« 279 Hanged them [elves — 222 ZJ//« by feve accidents 1021 Murthered - ■■ 008 6 Toy[oned — —■ 014 Smotheredrmw,m' " ■ 026 Shot «*■ - —••• • - 007 Starved ■ ——■ 071 Vomiting — 13d 18. In the foregoing Obfervations we ventured to make a Standard of the healthfulnefs of theyf/r from the proportion of Acute zndEpidemical difeafes, and of the wholefomenefs of the Food from that of the Chronical. Yet3 forafmuch as neither of them alone do (hew the longevity of the Inhabitants 5 we fliall in the next place come to the more abfolute Standard, and Corredf ion of both, which is the pro- portion of the aged, i>i% i 7777 to the Total 22927 o. That is of about 1, to r.7. or 7.per Cent, Onelythe queftionis, what number of Years the Searchers call Aged, which I conceive mull be the fame, that David calls Co,vi%. 70. For no man can be faidto die pro- perly of Age,who is much lefs: it follows from hence, that if in any other Country more then feven of the 100 live beyond 70. fuch Country is to be efteem- cd more healthfull then this of our City. 19. Before we fpeakof particular Cafualties, we ihall obferve, that among the feveral Cafualties fome bear aconltant proportion unto the whole number of Burials; are Chronical difeafes, and the dif- eafes, whereunto the City is moft fubjcdfc, as for Example, Confumptions, Dropfies, Jaundice, Gowt, Stone, Palfie, Scurvy, rifng of the Lights, or Mother, Thickets, Aged, Agues, Feavers, Bloody-Flux, and Scorning: nay fome Accidents, as Grief, Drowning, Mens making away themf&lzies, and being Ril'd by feveral Accidents, &c. do the like, whereas Epidemical, and Malignant difeafes, as the Blague, Purples, Spotted-Feaver, Small- pox, and Meafles do not keep that equality, fo as in fome Years,or Moneths,there died ten times as many as in others. C H A *. III. Of Particular Cafualties, i. Tl M Y fir ft Obfervation is, That few are ftarved. IT X This appears,for that of the 229270 which have died,we find not above fifty one to have been ftarved, excepting helplefs Infants at Nurfe, which being caufed rather by carelefnefs, ignorance, and infirmity of the Milch-women, is not properly an ef- fect, or fign of want of food in the Countrey, or of means to get it. , 2. The Obfervation, which I fihalladd hereunto, is,That the vaft numbers of Beggars, fwarming up and down this City, do all live, and feem to be moft of them healthy and ftrong; whereupon I make this Qucftion, Whether, fince they do all live by Begging, that is5 without any kind of labour 3 it were not bet- ter for the State to keep them, even although they earned nothing; that fo they might live regularly, and not in that Debauchery, as many Beggars do ; and that they might be cured of their bodily Impo- tences,or taught to work,&?£. each according to his condition, ana capacity; or by being employed in fome work (not better undone) might be accuftom- ed, and fitted for labour. 3. To this fome may Obje&o That Beggars are now maintained by voluntary Contributions,where- as in the other way the fame muft be done by a ge- neralTax i and confequently,the Obje&s of Charity would be removed, and taken away. 4. To which we Anfwer; That in Holland, al- though no where fewer Beggars appear to charm up commiferation in the credulous,yet no where is there greater, or more frequent Charity: onely indeed the Magiftrate is both the Beggar, and th zdifpofer of what is gotten by begging; fo as all Givers have a Moral certainty, that their Charity (hall be well applied. 5”. Moreover, I queftion 5 Whether what we give to a Wretch, that fhews us lamentable fores, and mu- tilations, be always out of the pureft charity > that is, purely for God’s fake 5 for as much as when we fee fuch Obje&s, we then feel in our felves a kinde of pain, ana paffion by confent j of which we eafe our felves, when we think we have eafed them, with whom we fympathizedior elfe we befpeak aforehand the like commiferation in others towards our felves, when we fhall (as we fear we may) fall into the like diftrefs. 6. We have faid, 'Ttvere better the \eep the Beggars, though they earned nothing, See, But moft men will laugh to hear us fuppofe,That any able to work (as indeed moft Beggars are, in one kind of meafure, or another) Ihould be kept without earning any thiag. But we Anfwer5 That if there be but a certain proportion of work to be done; and that the fame be already done by the not-Bcggarsj then to em- ploy the Beggars about it, will but transfer the want from one hand to another; nor can a Learner work fo cheap as a skilfull pradtifed Artift can. As for ex- ample, A praefcifed Spinner fhall fpin a pound of Wool worth two (hillings for fix pence; but a learner, undertaking it for three pence, (hall make the Wool indeed into Yarn, but not worth twelve pence. 7. This little hint is the model of the greateft work in the World, which is the making England as confiderable for Trade as Holland s for there is but a certain proportion of Trade in the world, and Hol- land is prepofiefled of the greater part of it, and is thought to have more skill, and experience toman- age it: wherefore, to bring England into Holland's condition, as to this particular, is the fame, as to fend all the Beggars about London into the Weft-Countrey to Spin, where they (hall oncly Jpoil the Clothiers Wool, and beggar the prefent Spinners at beft; but, at word, put the whole Trade of the Countrey to a ftand, untill the Hollander ? being more ready for if, have fnapt that with the reft. 8. My next Obfervation is; That but few are Murtbered, viz. not above 86 of the 32970. which have died of other difeafes, and cafualties; whereas in Paris few nights fcape without their Tr age die. 9. TheReafons of this we conceive to be Two ; One is the Government, and Guard of the City by Ci- tizens themfelves, and that alternately. No man fettlinginto a Trade for that employment. And the other is, The natural, and cuftomary abhorrence of that inhumane Crimetand all Bloodfbed by moft Englijh- mcn: for of all that are Executed few are for Mar- tdser. Befides the great and frequent Revolutions,and Changes of Government fince the year 1650, have been with little bloodjhed; the V[urpers themfelves having Executed few in coinparifoa, upon the Acconipt of difturbing their Innovations: 10. In brief, when any dead Body is found in !"England, no AIgebraift, or Vncipbereroi Letters, can ufe more fubtile fuppofitions, and varietie of conje- ctures to findeout the Demonftration, or Cipher j then every common unconcerned Perfon doth to finde outtheMurthererSj and that for ever, untill it be done. 11. TheLunatic\s are alfo but few, vi\. ij8 in 2292J0. though I fear many more then are fet down in our Bills, few being entred for fuch, but thofe who die at Bedlam • and there all fcem to die of their Lunaeie, who died Lunatic\s j for there is much difference in computing the number of Lunatic^s,that die (though of Fevers, and all other Diieafes, unto which Lunaeie is no Superfedeai) and thofe, that die by reafon of their Madnejt. 17. So that, this Cafualty being fo uncertain, I {hall not force my felf to make any inference from the numbers, and proportions we finde in our Bills con- cerning it: onely I dare enfure any man at this pre- fent, well in his Wits, for one in the thoufand, that he {hall not die a in Bedlam, within thefe feven years, becaufe I finde not above one in about one thoufand five hundred have done fo. 13. The like ufe may be made of the Accompts of men, that made away themfeIves,who are another fort of Mad-mcn, that think to eafe thcmfelves of pain by leaping into Helix, or elfe are yet more Mad, lo as to think there is no {uch place s or that men may go to reft by death,though they die in (elf-murtber, the greateft Sin. 14. We {hall fay nothing of the numbers of thofe, that have been Drowned, Killed by falls from Scaffolds, or by Carts running over becaufe the fame de- pends upon the cafual Trade, and Employment of men, ana upon matters-, which are but circumftantial to the Seafons, and Regions we live in • and affords little of that Science,ana Certainty we aim at. iy. We finde onQCafualty in our Bills, of which though there be daily talk, there is little effed, much like our abhorrence of Toads, and Snakes, as moft poifonous Creatures, whereas few men dare fay up- on their own knowledge, they ever found harm by either; and this Cafualty is the French-Pox, gotten, for the moft part, not fo much by the intemperate ule of Venery (which rather caufeth the Gorvt) as of many common Women. 16. I fay,the Bills of Mortality would take off thefe Bars,which keep fome men within bounds-,as to thefe extravagancies' for in the afore-mentioned 2292yo we finde not above 392 to haved died ofthePo#. Now, forasmuch as it is not good to let the World be lulled into a fecurity, and belief of Impunity by our Bills, which we intend {hall not be onely as Death’s-heads to put men in minde of their Mortality, but alfo as Mercurial Statues to point out the moft dangerous ways,that lead us into it, and mifery. We fhall therefore (hew, that the ? and the Lcckin Southward) were returned of Vlcers, and Sores. And in brief I found, that all mentioned to die of the French-Pox were retured by the Clerks of Saint Giles's, and Saint Martins in the Fields onely 5 in which place I under- ftood that moft of the vileft, and mofl miferable houfes of uncleannefs were: from whence I con- cluded,that onely and fuch,whofe very ISlofes were eaten of, were reported by the Searchers to have died of this too frequent Maladie. 18. In the next place, itfhall be examined under what name, or Cafualtie, fuch as die ofthefe difeafes are brought in: I fay, under the Conjumption: foras- much, as all dying thereof die fo emaciated and lean ("their Vlcers difappearing upon Death) that the Old-women Searchers after the mift of a Cup of Ale, and the bribe of a two-groat fee,inftead of one,given them, cannot tell whether this emaciation,or leannefs were from a or from an Fever, Atro- phy, &c. or from an Infedtion of the Spermatick_ parts, which in length of time,and in various difguifes hath at laft vitiated the habit of the Body, and by dis- abling the parts to digeft their nourifhment brought them to the condition of Leannefs above-men- tioned. 19. My next Obfervation is,that of the Thickets we nnde no mention among the Cafualties; until! the year 1634* and then but of 14 for that whole year. 20. Now the Queftion is, whether that Difeafe didfirft appear about that time j or whether a Dif- eafe, which had been long before, did then firft re- ceive its Name ? aI. To clear this Difficulty out of the Bills (for 1 dare venture on no deeper Arguments:) I enquired what other Cafualties before the year 1634, named in the Bills, was moft like the Rickets; and found, notonely by Pretenders to know it, but alfo from other Bills, that Liver-grown was the neareft. For in fome years I finde Liver-grown, Spleen, and put all together, by refon (as I conceive) of their likenefs to each other. Hereupon I added the L iver- growns of the year 1634, vi77, to the Jackets of the fame year, 14. making in all 91. which Total, as alfo the Number 77. it felf, I compared with the Liver-grown of the precedent year, 1633, 8 2. All which fhewed me, that the Rickets was a new Difeafe over and above. 22. Now, this being but a faint Argument, I look- ed both forwards and backwards, and found,that in the year 1629, when no Rickets appeared, there was but 94 Liver-growns; and in the year 1636. there was 99 Liver-grown, although there were alfo 70 of the Rickets: onely this is not to be denyed, that when the Rickets grew very numerous (as in the year 166o, viq. to be 721J then there appeared not above 17 of Liver-grown. 23. In the year 1679 were 441 Rickets, and 8 Liver-grown. In the year 1678, were 476 Rickets,and. 71 Liver-grown. Now, though it be granted that thefe Difeafes were confounded in the judgment of the Nurfes, yet it is mod certain, that the Liver-grown did never but once, vi\ Anno 1630, exceed 100. whereas Anno i66oy Liver-grown, and were 73*- 24. It is alfo to be obferved,That the Tickets were never more numerous then now, and that they are dill increafing; for Anno 1649, there was but 190, next year 26o9 next after that 329. and fo forwards, with fome little darting backwards in fome years, untill the year 166o, which produced the greated of all. 27. Now,fuch baekdartings feem to be univer- fal in all things j for we do not onely fee in the pro- greflive motion of the wheels of Watches, and in the rowing of Boats, that there is a little darting, or jerking backwards between every dep forwards, but alfo (if I am not much deceived ) there appeared the like in the motion of the Moon, which in the long Tele [copes at Grejham-CoUege one may fenfibly dif- cern. 26. There feems alfo to be another new Difeafe, called by our Bills The flopping of the Stomacfirffc mentioned in the year 1636, the which Malady from that year to 1547, increased but from 6 to 29* Anno itfyy itcameto be 147. In 77, to 277. In 6o, to 214. Now thefe proportions far exceeding the dif- ference of proportion generally arifing from the in- creafe of Inhabitants, and from the refort of A dm venie to the City, fhews there is fome new Dileafe, which appeareth to the Vulgar as A flopping of the Stomach, • 27. Hereupon I apprehended, that this Stopping might be the Green-ficknefl,for as much as I findefew, or none, to have been returned upon that Accompt, although many be vilibly ftained with it. Now whe- ther the fame be forborn out of Ihame, I know not ? For fince the world believes, that Marriage cures it, it may feem indeed a lhame,that any Maid fliould die uncured, when there are more Males then Females, that is, an overplus of Husbands to all that can be Wives. 28. In the next place I conjectured, that this flopping of the Stomach might be the Mother, for as much as I have heard of many troubled with Mother- fits ( as they call them ) although few returned to have died of them; which conjecture, if it be true, we may then fafely fay, That the Mother-fits have alfo increafed. 29. But Iwasfomewhat taken off from thinking this flopping of the Stomach to be the Mother, becaufe I guelfed rather the fijfing of the Lights might be it. For Iremembred that forae Women, troubled with the Mother-fits, did complain of a choaking in their Throats. Now as I underftand, it is more conceivable, that the Lights, ot Lungs (which I have heard called The Bellows of the Body) not blowing, that is, neither vent- ing out, nor taking in breath, might rather caufe fuch a Choaking,then that the Mother fliould rife up thither, and do it. For me-thinks, when a woman is with childe, there is a greater riling, and yet no luch Fits at all. 3 o. But what I have faid of the Thickets, and flopping of the Stomachy I do m fome meafure fay of the of the Lights alfo, that thefe Riflings (be they what they will) have increafed much above the general proportion; for in i <$29 there was but 44,and in 1660, 249, vialmoft fix times as many. 31. Now for as much as Jackets appear much in the Over-growing of Childrens Livers, and Spleens (as by the Bills may appear) which furely may caufe flopping of the Stomach by fqueezing, and crowding upon that part. And for as much as thefe Choakings, or Rifings of the Lights may proceed from the fame ftuffings, as make the Liver, and Spleen to over-grow their due proportion. And laftly } for as much as the Thickets, flopping of the Stomach, and rifng of the Lights, have all increafed together, and in fome kinde of correfpondent proportions 3 it feems to me, that they depend one upon another. And that what is the pickets in children maybe the other in more grown bodies; for furely children, which recover of the Jackets, may retain fomewhat fufficient to caufe what I have imagined; but of this let the learned Phyfici- ans confider, as I prefume they have. 32. I had not medled thus far, but that I have heard, the firft hints of the circulation of the Blood were taken from a common Perfon’s wondering what became of all the blood which iffued out of the heart, fince the heart beats above three thoufand times an hour, although but one drop fliould be pumptoutof it, at every ftroke. 3 3. The Stone feemed to decreafe : for in 1632, 3 3> 34> 3S-> and 36. there died of the Stone, and Strangury, 2 f 4.. And in the Years 5*9, and itftfo, but 2yo, which numbers although in- deed they be almoft equal,yet confidering the Burials of the firft named five Years were but half thofe of the latter, it feems to be decreafed by about one half. 34. Now the Stone, and Strangury, are difeafes, which moftmen know, that feel them, unlefs it bein fome few cafes, where (as I have heard Phyficians fay) a Stone is held up by the Filmes of the Bladder, and fo kept from grating, or offending it. 35. The Gowi ftands much at a ftay, that is, it an- fwers the general proportion of Burials there dies not above one of 1000. of the Govot? although 1 be- lieve that more die Gowty. The reafon is, becaufe thofe that have the Gon>t, are faid to be Long-livers, and therefore, when fuch die, they are returned as Aged. 36. The Scurvy hath likewife increafed, and that gradually from 12. Anno 1629. to 9 7. Anno 1660. 37. TheTyJfick feems to be quite worn away, but that it is probable the fame is entred as Cough, or Consumption, 38. Agues and Fevers are entred promifcuoufly, yet in the few Bills, wherein they have been diftin- guifhed, it appears, that not above one in 40, of the whole are Agues. 39. The Abortives, and Stillborn are about the twentieth part of thofe that are Chrifined, and the numbers feem the fame thirty Years ago as now, which fhews there were more proportion in thofe Years then now: or elfe that in thefe latter Years due Accompts have not been kept of the Abortives, as having been Buried without notice, and perhaps not in Cbunb-Yards, 40. For that there hath been a negled: in the Ac- comptsof the Cbrifinings is moft certain, becaufe un- till the year 1642., we finde the Burials but equal with the Cbrifinings, or near thereabouts, but in 16483 when the differences in Religion had changed the Go- vernment, the Cbrifinings were but two thirds of the Burials. And in the year 1659, not half, vi%. thtBu- rials were 14720, f of the Blague but 36 ) and the Cbrifinings were but 7670, which great difproportion could be from no other Caufe, then that above-men- tioned, for as much as the fame grew as the Confu- fions, and Changes grew. 41. Moreover, although the Bills give us in Anno 165-9 but 5-670 Cbrifinings, yet they give us 421 Abor- tives , and 226 dying in Child-bed, whereas in the year 1631, when the Abortives were 41 o, that is, near the number of the year 165-9, Cbrifinings were 8288. Wherefore by the proportion of Abortives Anno 1659, the cbrifinings fhould have been about 85-00, but if wc (hall reckon by the women dying in Child-bed, of whom a better Accompt is kept then of Stil-bornsj and Abortives, we fhall finde Anno 165-9, there were 226 Child-beds i and Anno 1631, 112, vi%. not ». Wherefore I conceive that the true number of the Cbrifinings Anno 16 5-9 is above double to the 5-690 fet down in our Bills; that is about 115-00, and then the Cbrifinings will come near the fame proportion to the Burials, as hath been obferved in former times. 42. In regular Times, when Accompts were well kept, we finde that not above three in 200 died in Child-bed, and that the number of Abortives was about treble to that of the women dying in Child-bed, from whence we may probably colled:, that not one woman of an hundred (I might fay of two hundred) dies in her Labour; for as much as there be other Caufes of a woman’s dying within the Moneth, then the hardnefs of her Labour. 43. If this be true in thefe Countries, where wo- men hinder the facility of their Child-bearing by af- feded ftraightning of their Bodies; then certainly in America, where the fame is notpradifed, Nature is little more to be taxed as to women, then in Brutes,. among whom not one in fome thoufands do die of their Deliveries: what I have heard of the lrijh-rvo- men confirms me herein. 44. Before we quite leave this matter, we fhallin- fert the Caufes, why the Accompt of Ckriftninos hath been negleded more then that cf Burials; one, and the chief whereof was a Religious Opinion againft Baptising of Infants, either as unlawfully orunneccf- fary. If this were the onely reafon, we might by our defeds of this kinde,conclude the growth of this Opinion, and pronounce, that not half the People of England) bet ween the years i6yo,and 1660, were con- vinced of the need of Baptising. 45\ A fecond Reafon was, The fcruples, which many Publick Mitiifters would make of the worthi- liefs of Parents to have their Children Baptized, which forced fuch queftioned Parents, who did alfo not believe the neceffity of having their Children Baptized by fuch fcrupulers, to carry their Children unto fuch other Minifters, as having performed the thing, had not the Authority or command of the Re- gifler to enter the names of the Baptized. 46. A third Reafon was. That a little Fee was to be paid for the fiegiftrie. 47. Upon the whole matter it is moft certain, that the number of Heterodox Believers was very great between the faid year,i6yo, and 1660, and lo peevifh were they, as not to have the Births of their Children J{eoifircd, although thereby the time of their coming of Age might be known, in refped: of fuch Inheri- tances, as might belong unto them, and withal! by fuch Begiftring it would have appeared unto what Tariffs each Childe had belonged, in cafe any of them fhould happen to want its relief. 48. Or Convulfions there appeared very few,v^.but in the year 1629, which 1636 grew to 7O9, keep- ing about that ftay,till fometimes riling to about 1000. 49. It is to be noted,that from 1639 to 1636, when the Convulfions were but few, the number of Chry/oms> and Infants was greater: for in 1629, there was of ChryfomS) and Infants 2596, and of the Convulfion 52, vi% of both, 2648. And in 1636 there was of In- fants 1895, and of the Convulfions yep, in both 5604, by which it appears, that this difference is likely to be ouely a confulion in the Accompts. 50. Moreover, wefindethat forthefe later years, fmee 1636, the Total of Convulfions and Cbryfoms ad- ded together are much lefs, viq. by about 400 or yoo, per Annum, then the like Totals from 1626 to 36, which makes me think, that Teeth alfo were thruft in under the Title of Chryfoms, and Infants, in as much as in the faid years, from 1629 to 1639, t^ie number of Teeth, wants by about 400per Annum of what we find in following years. Cap. IV. Of the Plague. I. TTJEfore we leave to difcourfe of the Cafualties, IJ we fhall add fomething concerning that greateft Difeafc0 or Cafualty of all, The Plague. There have been in London, within this Age, four Times of great Mortality, that is to fay, the years 1592, and 1593,1603, 1625, and 1636. There died Annn@ 1592 from March to Decern- 25*886 Whereof of the Plague .— • 115*03 Anno 15*93 * —— *7844 Whereof of the Plague —— lo6<52 Chrifined in the faid year 4021 Anno 1603 within the fame Ipace of time, were Buried — . 37294 Whereof of the Plague ■■ —— 305*61 Anno 1625, within the fameipace, -—— 51758 Whereof of the Plague— 354*7 Anno 1636, from April to December — 23359 Whereof-of the Plague . — 10400 2. Now it is manifcffc of it felf, in which of thefe years moft died \ but in which of them was the greateft Mortality of all Difeafes in general, or of the Plague in particular, we difeover thus. In the year *592, and 1636, we finde the propor- tion of fhofe dying of the Plague in the whole to be near alike, that is about 10 to 25. or 11 to 25. or as about two to five. 3. In the year 1625. wefinde the Plaguedobear unto the whole in proportion as 95 to 71. or 7 to 10. that is almoft the triplicate of the former proporti- on, for the of 7. being 343. and the Cube of 10. being 1000. the faid 343. is not f. of 1000, 4. In Anno 16G3. the proportion of the Plague to the whole was as 30 to 37. vi%. as 4. to 7. which is yet greater then that laft of 7 to 20. For if the Year 1627. had been as great a Plague-Year as 1603. there muft have died not onely 7 to 10. but 8 to 10. which in thofe great numbers makes a vaft differ- ence. 7. We muft therefore conclude the Year 1603. to have been the greateft Plague-Year of this age. 6. Now to know in which of thefe 4. was the greateft Mortality at large, we reafon thus, Anno 1792. Buried ■— — ■ - 26490 Chriftned *—4277 or as « 6 1 Anno 1605. Tkere.died in the whole' Year of all —38244 j Chriftned » ■■ — 4784 8 or as 1 Died in the whole Year 54*65 Chriftned -6981 8 1. to 8. or I a. to 10. Anno 1625. or as< 1 Anno 1636. There died,a* fupra—~23359' Chriftned — 9522 , .or as 5 7. From whence it appears, that Anno 1636. the Chriftnings were about?, parts of the Burials. Anno 2 i59*» but$. but in the Year 1603. and i<*25.nota- bove an eighth, fo that the faid two Years were the Years of greatcft Mortality. We faid that the year 1603. was the greateft Plague year. And now we fay, that the fame was not a greater year of Mortali- ty then Anno 1635. Now to reconcile thefe two Pofitions, we muft alledg, 1625. there was errour in the Accompts, or Diftin&iOns of the Cafu- alties; that is, more died of the Plague then were accompted for under that name. Which Allegati- on we alfo prove thus, vi\. S-. In the faid year 1525. there are faid to have died of the Plague 35417. and of all other Difeafes 18848. whereas in the years, both before and after the fame,the ordinary number of Burials was between 7. and 8000. fo that if we add about 11000. (which is the difference between 7. and 18) to our 55. the whole will be 46000. which bears to the whole 54000. as about 4. to 7. thereby rendering the faid year 1627. to be as great a Plague.year as that of 1603. and no greater, which anfwers to what we proved be- fore, vi%. that the Mortality of the two Years was equal. 9. From whence we may probably fufpedtthat about part more died of the Plague then are return- ed for fuch , which we further prove by noting, that Anno i6$6. there died 10400. of the Plague, the whereof is 1600. Now there are faid to have died of all difeafes that Year 12979. out of which number deducting 2600. there remains 10379. more then which there died not in feveral years next before and after the faid year 1636* i o. The next Obfervation we lhall offer is, that the Plague of 1603. lafted eight Years. In fome where- of there died above 4c00, in others above 2000, and inbutone lefsthen6co: whereas in the Year 1624. next preceding, and in the year 1626. next follow- ing the faid great Plague-year 1625. There died in the former but 11, ana in the latter but 154. of the Plague. Moreover in the faid year 1625. the Plague decreafed from its utmoft number 4461 a week, to below 1CC0 within fix weeks. 11. The Plague of 1636. lafted twelve Years, in eight whereof there died 2000. per annum one with an- other,and never under 300. The which fhews,thaf the Contagion of the Plague depends more upon the Difpofition of the Air, then upon the Effluvia from the Bodies of Men. 12. Which alfo we prove by the fuddenjumps, which the Plague hath made, leaping in one Week from 118 to 927: and back again from 3 to 258: and from thence again the very next Week to 852. The which effe which we affirm to be by thefecond year. For in 1627, the Chrifinings (which are our Standard in this Cafe) were 8408, which in 1624 next preceding the Plague year 1625 (that had fwept away above 74000) were but 8299, and the Chrifinings of 1626 (which were but 6701 ) mounted in one year to the faid 8408. 6. Now the Caufe hereof, for as much as it can- not be a fupply by Procreations j Ergo, it muft be by new Ajfluxes to London out of the Countrey. 7. We might fortifie this Affertion by fhewing, that before the Plague-year:)i6o3, the Chrifinings were about 6 coo, which were in that very year reduced to 4789, but crept up the nextyear 1604,105458, re- covering their former ordinary proportion 1111605 of 6504, about which proportion it flood till the year -1610. 8. I fay, it folioweth, that,let the Mortality be what it will, the City repairs itslofs of Inhabitants within two years, which Obfervation leifens the Objedion made againft the value of houfes in London,, as if they were liable to great prejudice through the lofs of In- habitants by the Plague. Chap. VI. Of the Sicklinefl, Healthfulnefi, and Fruitfulnef of Seafons. i, TJAving fpoken of Cafualties, we come next to £ | compare the ficklinefs , healthfulnefs, and fruitfulnefs of the feveral Years, and Seafons, one with another. And firft,having in the Chapters afore- going mentioned the feveral years of Plague, we lhall next prefent the feveral other fickly years; we meaning by a fickly Tear, fuch wherein the Burials exceed thofe, both of the precedent, and fubfequent years, and not above 200 dying of the Plague, for fuch we call Plague-Tears s and this we do, that the World may fee, by what fpaces, and intervals we may hereafter exped fuch times again. Now, we may not call that a more fickly year, wherein more die, becaufc fuch excefs of Burials may proceed from increafe, and accefs of People to the City onely. 2. Suchfickly years were 1618, 20,25,24,16325 33, 34, 1649, 52, 74, 56, 58, 6r, as may be feen by the Tables. 3. In reference to this Obfervation, we fhall pre- sent another, namely, That the more fickly the years are, the lefs fecund, or fruitfull of Children alfo they be, which will appear, if the number of Chil- dren born in the faid fickly years be lefs, then that of the years both next preceding, and next following; all which, upon view of the Tables, will be found true, except in a very few Cafes,where fometimes the precedent,and fometimes the fubfequent years vary a little, but never both together. Moreover, for the confirmation of this Truth, we prefent you the year 1660, where the Burials were fewer then in either of the two next precedent years by 2000, and fewer then in the fubfequent by above 4000. And withall, the number of Chrifinings in the faid year 1660 was far greater then in any of the three years next afore- going. 4. As to this year 1660, although we would not be thought Superfluous, yet is it not to be negledted, that in the faid year was the King s Keflauration to his Empire over thefe three Nations, as if God Almigh- ty had caufed the healthfulnefs and fruitfulnefs there- of to repair the Bloodjhed, and Clamities fufferedin his •abfence. I fay,this conceit doth abundantly counter- poife the Opinion of thofe who think great Blagues come in with Kings reigns,becaufe it hapned fo twice, vi\. Anno 1603, and 162 5”, whereas as well the year 1648, wherein the prefent King commenced his right to reign,as alfo the year 16 5o, wherein he commenced the exercife of the fame, were both eminently healthc full, which dears both Monarchic, and our prefen King s Familu from what feditious men have furmifed againft them. y. The Difeafes, which befide the Blague make years unhealthfull in this City, are Spotted Leavers, Small Box0 Dyfentery, called by fome The Blague in the Guts, and the unhealthfull Seafon is the Autumn. Chap. VII. Of the difference between Burials, and Chrifinings. I. is,That inthefaid Bills J there are far more Burials, then Chriftnings. This is plain, depending onely upon Arithmetical computation ; for,in 40 years, from the year 160 3, to the year 1644, exclusive of both years, there have been fet down(as happening within the fame ground, (pace* or Parifhes) although differently numbered, and divided, 5 Burials, and but 350747 Chrifi- nings within the 97, 16, and 10 out-Parifhes, thofe of Weftminjicr, Lambeth , Newington, Kfdriff, Stepney, Hackney, and Ijlington, not being included. 2. From this fingle Obfervation it will follow, That London hath decreafed in its People, the con- trary whereof we fee by its daily increafe of Buildings upon new Foundations, and by the turning of great Palacious Houfes into fmall Tenements. It is there- fore certain, that London is fupplied with People from out of the Countrey, whereby not onely to repair the overplus difference of Burials above-mentioned, but likewife to increafe its Inhabitants according to the faid increafe of houfing. 3. This fupplying ofLondon feems to be the reafon, why JVinchejler, Lincoln, and fevera! other Cities have decreafed in their Buildings, and confequently in their Inhabitants, The fame may be fufpedted of many Towns in Cornwall and other places, which probably, when they were firft allowed to fend BurgeJJes to the Parliament)were more populous then now, and bore another proportion to London then feveral of thofe Burroughs fend two Btirgefjes, whereas London it felf fends but four, although it bears the fifteenth part of the charge of the whole Nation in all Publick Taxes, and Levies. ♦ 4. But, if we confider what I have upon exadt en- quiry found true, vi\. That in the Countrie, within ninetie years, there have been 6339 Chrifinings, and but 5280 Burials, the increafe of London will be falved without inferring the decreafe of the People in the Countrie; and withall, in cafe all England have but fourteen times more People then London, it will ap- pear, how the faid increafe of the Country may in- creafe the People, both of London, and it felf; for if there be in the 97,16,10, and 7 Parifhes,ufual!y com- prehended within our Bills, but 460000 fouls as here- after we fhall fhew, then there are in all England^and Wales, 6440000 Perfons, out of which fubftrad: 460000, for thofe in,and about London, there remains 798 in the Countrie, the which increafing about 7 part in 40 years, as we fhall hereafter prove, doth happen in the Countrie, the whole increafe of the Countrie will be about 874000 in the faid time, out of which number, if but about 270000 be fent up to London in the faid 40 years, vi\, about 6000 per An- num, the faid Mijlions will makegood the alterations, which we finde to have been in,and about London^be- tween the years 1603 and 1644 above-mentioned. But that 270000 will do the fame, I prove thus, vi%. in the 8 years, from 1603 to 1612, the Burials'm all the Parilkes, and of all Difeafes, the Plague included, were at a 9770 per Annum. And between 1637 and 1644 were 18000, the difference whereof is *270, which is the Total of the increafe of the Burials in 40 years,that is about 206 per Annum. Now, to make the Burials increafe 206 per Annum, there muft be added to the City thirty times as many fac- cordingtothe proportion'of 3 dying out of 41 Fa- milies) vi%. 6180 Adven or elfe that men, being more intemperate then women, die as much by rea- fon of their Vices, as the women do by the Infir- mitie of their Sex, and confequently, more Males being born, then Females, more alfo die. 8, In the year 1642 many Males went out of London into the Wars then beginning, in fo much, as I expetfted in the fucceeding year, 1643, to have found the Burials of females to have exceed- ed thofe of Males, but no alteration appeared ; for as much, as 1 fuppofe, Trading continuing the fame in London, all thofe who loft their apprentices had others out of the Countrey $ and if any left their Trades, or Shops, that others forthwith fucceeded them: for if employment for hands remain the fame, no doubt but the number of them could not long continue in difproportion. 9. Another pregnant Argument to the fame pur- pofe (which hath already been touched on) is, That although in the very year of the Plague, the Chrift- nings decreafed, by the dying and flying of Teeming* women, yet the very next year after, they increafed fomewhat, but the fecond after, to as full a num- ber as in the fecond year before the laid Plague: for I fay again, if there be encouragement for an hundred in London, that is, a Way how an hundred may live better then in the Countrey, and if there be void houfing there to receive them, the evacu- ating of a fth, or f part of that number, muft foon be fupplied out of the Countrey; fo as, the great Plague doth not leffen the Inhabitants of the City, but of the Countrey, who in a Ihort time re- move themfelves from hence thither, fo long, un- till the City for want of receit and encouragement, regurgitates and fends them back. 10. From the difference between "Males andF*- males, we fee the reafon of making Eunuchs in thofe places where Polygamy is allowed, the latter being ufelefs as to multiplication, without the former, as was faid before in the cafe of Sheep and other Ani- mals ufually gelt in thcie Countries. 11. By confequence, this pra&ife of Cajlracon ferves as well to promote increafe as to meliorate the Flelhof thofe Beafts that fufferit. For that Ope- ration is equally pradtifed upon Horfes which are not ufed for Food, as upon thofe that are. 12. In Popijh Countries where Polygamy is forbid- den, if a greater number of Males oblige themfelves to Ccdibate then the natural overplus or difference be- tween them and females amounts unto } then multi- plication is hindred; for if there be eight Men to ten Women, all of which eight men are married to eight of the ten Women, then the other two bear no Chil- dren, as either admitting no Man at all, or elfe ad- mitting Men as Whores (that is more then one) which commonly procreates no more then if none at all had been ufed: or elfe fuch unlawfull Copulati- ons beget Conceptions but to fruftrate them by pro- cured Abortions or fecret Murthers.all which returns to the fame reckoning. Now, if the fame proporti- on of women oblige themfelves to a fingle life like- wife, then fuch obligation makes no change in this matter ofencreafe. 13. From what hath been faid, appears the reafon why the Law is, and ought to be fo ftridt againft For- nications and Adulteries, for if there were univerfal liberty, the Increafe of Man-kind would be but like that of Foxes at beft. 14. Now forafmuch as Princes are not only Powerfull but Rich, according to the number of their People (Hands being the Father, as Lands are the Mother, and VVorab of Wealth) it is no wonder why dates by encouraging Marriage, and hinder- ing Licentioufnefs, advance their own Intered, as well as preferve the Laws of God from contempt, and Violation. 15. It is a Bleiling to Man- kind, that by this over- plus of Males there is this natural Bar to Polygamy: for in fuch a date Women could not live in that parity,and equality of expence with their Husbands, as now, and here they do. 16. The reafon whereof is, not, that the Husband cannot maintain asfplendidly three, as one; for he might,having three Wives,live himfelf upon a quarter of his Income, that is in a parity with all three, as- well as, having but one, live in the fame parity at half with her alone : but rather, becaufe that to keep them all quiet with each other, and himfelf, he mud keep them all in greater aw, and lefs fplendor3 which power he having will probably ufe it to keep them alias low, as he pleafes, and at no more cod then makes for his own pleafure;the poored Subjethe Mercery is gone from out of Lombard-flreet) and Cheapfide, into Pater-lNoJler- and Fleet-Jlreet. 13. The reafons whereof are, that the King’s Courtfin old times frequently kept in theCity)is now always at Wejlminjler. Secondly, the ufe of Coaches, wherennto the narrow ftreets or the old City are un- fit, hath caufed the building of thofe broader ftreets in Covent-Ga den, &c. 14. Thirdly, where the Consumption of Commodity is, vi% among the Gentry, the vendors of the fame mult feat themfelves. 15. Fourthly,the cramming up of the voyd fpaces, and gardens within the Walls, with houfes,to the pre- judice of Light, and Air, have made men Build new ones, where they lefs fear thofe inconveniencies. 16. Conformity in Building to other civil Nati- ons hath difpofed us to let our old Wooden dark houfes fall to decay, and to build new ones, whereby to anfwer all the ends above-mentioned. 17. Where note, that when l ud-gate was the onely Wejlern Gate of the City, little Building was Wejlrvard thereof. But when Holhorn began to encreafe Tderv-gate was made. But now both thefc Gates are not fufficient for the Communication between the Walled City, and its enlarged Wejlern Suburbs, as dayly appears by the intolerable flops and embaref- fes of Coaches near both thefe Gates, efpecially Js>d-oate. Chap. X. Of the Inequality of Parifhes. i. TJEfore we pafs from hence, we fhall offer to JD confederation the inequality of Parifhes in,and about London, evident in the proportion of their re- fpedfive Burials 5 for in the fame year were Buried in Cripple-gate-Parifh 1191, that but twelve died in Trinity - M inories, St.Saviours Southrvar\, and Botolph's Bifhop-gate, being of the middle fize, as burying five and 600per Annum-, fo that Cripple-gate is an hun- dred times as big as'the 200 times as big as St. John the Euangelifl's, Mary-Cole-church, Bennet s Grace-church, M atthew-Friday-fir eet, and fome others within the City. a. Hence may arife this Queftion, Wherefore fhould this inequality be continued? If it be An- fwered, Becaufe that Paftours of all forts, andfizes of Abilities, may have Benefices,each man according to his merit: we Anfwer, That a two hundredth part of the beft Parfons learning is fcarce enough for a Sexton. But befides, there leems no reafon of any differences at all, it being as much Science to fave one fingle foul, as one thoufand. 3. We .encline therefore to think the Parifhes fhould be equal, or near, becaufe, in the Reformed Religions}the principal ufe of Churches is to Preach in : now the bignefs of fuch a Church ought to be no greater, then that, unto which the voice of a Preacher of middling Lungs will eafily extend; I fay5 eafily, becaufe they fpeak an hour, or more together. 4. The ufe of fuch large Churches, as is now wholly loft,we having no need of faying perhaps fifty MaJJes all at one time, nor of making thofe grand ProceJJions frequent in the fiemi/h Church; nor is the lhape of our Cathedral proper at all for our Preaching Auditories faux, rather the Figure of an Amphi-Theatre with Galleries,gradually over-looking each other ;for unto this Condition the Parifh-Churches of London are driving apace, as appears by the many Galleries every day built in them. f. Moreover, if Parifhes were brought to the fize of Friers, See in each whereof die between loo and 1 fO,per Annum, then an hundred Parifhes would be a fit, and equal Divifion of this great charge, and all the Minijlers (fome whereof have now fcarce fourty pounds per Annum) might obtain a fubfiftance. 6. And laftly, The Church-Wardens, and Over-feers of the Poor might finde it poffible to difeharge their Duties, whereas now in the greater out-Panfhes ma- ny of the poorer Parifhioners through negledl do pe- rifh, and many vicious perfons get liberty to live as they pleafe, for want of fome heedfull Eye to over- look them. Chap. XI. Of the number of Inhabitants. i. V Have been fevcral times in company with men I of great experience in this City, and have heard them talk feldom under Millions of People to be in London, all which I was apt enough to believe, untill, on a certain day, one of eminent Reputation was up- on occafion a(Terting,that there was in the year 1661 two Millions of People more then Anno 1625-,before the great Plapue $ I mud confefs, that, untill this pro- vocation, I had been frighted with that mif-under- ftood Example of David, from attempting any com- putation of the People of this populous place ; but hereupon I both examined the lawfulnefs of making fuch enquiries, and, being fatisfied thereof, went about the work it felf in this manner: vi\. 2. Firft, I imagined, That, if the Conjecture of the worthy Perfon afore-mentioned had any truth in it, there mull needs be about fix, or feven Millions of People in London now; but repairing to my Bills I found, that not above 15-000 per Annum were buried, and confequently, that not above one in four hundred muft die per Annum, it the Total were but fix Millions. 3. Next confidering, That it is efteemed an even Lay,whether any man lives ten years longer, I fuppo- fed it was the fame, that one of any 10 might die with- in one year.But when I confidered,thatof the 15000 afore-mentioned about 50C0 were Abortive, and Stil- horn, or died of Teeth, or as Infants, and Chryfoms, and Aged. I concluded, that of men, and women, between ten and (ixty, there fcarce died 10000per Annum in London^which number being mul- tiplied by t o, there rauft be but 100000 in all, that is not the *-0 part of what the Alderman imagined. Thefe were but fudden thoughts on both (ides, and both far from truth, I thereupon endeavoured to get a little nearer, thus: vi% 4. I confidered, that the number of Child-bearing women might be about double to the Z?/Wta:forasmuch as fuch women, one with another, have fcarce more then one Childe in two years. The number of Births I found,by thofe years,wherein the ’Regiflries were well kept, to have been fomewhat lefs then the Burials. The Burials in thefe late years at a Medium are about 13000, and confequently the Chrijlnings not above 12000. I therefore efteemed the number of Teeming women to be 2400O: then I imagined, that there might be twice as many Families, as of fuch women * for that there might be twice as many women Aged between 16 and 76, as between 16 and 40, or be- tween 20 and 44 ; and that there were about eight Perfons in a Family, one with another, vi\. the Man, and his Wife, three Children, and three Servants, or Lodgers: now 8 times 48000 makes 384000. 5. Secondly, I finde by telling the number of Fa- milies infome Parilhes within the walls, that 3 out of 11 aa.have died:wherefore,i3coo having died in the whole, it fhould follow,thcre were 48000 Families according to the laft mentioned Acccompt. 6. Thirdly., the Accompt, which I made of the Trayned'Bands, and Auxiliary Souldiers5 doth enough juftify this Accompt. 7. And laftly I took the Map of London fet out in the year 1658 by Richard Nervcourt, drawn by a fcale of Yards. Now I guefled that in 100 yards fquare there might be about 74 Families, fuppofing every houfe to be 20 foot in the front: for on two fides of the faid fquare there will be 100 yards of houfing in each, and in the two other fides 80 each ; in all 360 yards: that is 54 Families in each fquare, of which there are 220 within the Walls, making in all 11880 Families within the Walls. But forasmuch as there dy within the Walls about 5200 per Annum, and in the whole about 13000 j it follows, that the houfing within the Walls part of the whole, andconfe- quently, that there are 47720 Families in, and about London, which agrees well enough with all my former computations: the worft whereof doth fufficiently demonftrate, that there are no Millions of People in London, which neverthelefs moft men do believe, as they do, that there be three Women for one Man, whereas there are fourteen Men for thirteen Wo- men, as elfe where hath been faid. 8. We have (though perhaps too much at Ran- dom) determined the number of the inhabitants of London to be about 3840CO: the which being granted, we aflert, that 199112 are 'Males, and 184886 Females. y. Whereas we have found, that of ico quick Conceptions about of them die before they be fix years old, and that perhaps but one furviveth 765 we, having {even Decads between fix and 76, we fought fix mean proportional numbers between 64, the remainder, living at fix years,and the one, which furvives 76,and finde, that the numbers following are practically near enough to the truth ; for men do not die in exaCt Proportions, nor in Fractions: from whence arifes this Table following. Vi\. of 100 there dies within the firft fix The next ten years, or Dccad - —— — 1 — 24 The fecond Dccad *— 15 The third Dccad < 09 The fourth * i—6 The next ■ > 4 The next - 3 The next — 2 The next 1 10. From whence it follows, that of the faid 100 conceived there remains alive at fix years end 64. At Sixteen years end 40 At Twenty fix 25 At Tirty fix- 16 At Fourty fix — 10 At Fifty fix ■ —— 6 At Sixty fix — 3 At Seventy fix — i At Eighty —-o 11. It follows alfo, that of all, which have been conceived,there are now alive 40 per Cent, above fix- teen years old, 25- above twenty fix years old, & pc deinceps, as in the above Table: there are therefore of Aged between 16, and 5-6, the number of 40, lefs by fix, vt\, 54s of between 26, and 66, the number of 25 iefs by three, 22 : &'pc deniceps . Wherefore,fuppofing there be 199112 Males, and the number between 16, and 56, being 34. It fol- lows, there are 34 per Cent, of all thofe Males fighting Men in London, that is 67694, vi%. near 70000: the truth whereof I leave to examination, only the 7. of *67694,173;. 13f39* is to be added for Weftminfler, Step- ney, Lambeth, and the other diftant Pariflies3 making in all 81233 fighting Men. 12. The next enquiry fliall be. In how long time the City of London fhall, by the ordinary proportion of Breeding3 and Dying, double its breeding Peo- ple. I anfwerin about feven years, and (Blagues coniidered ) eight. Wherefore fince there be 24000 pair of Breeders,that is of the whole, it follows,that in eight times eight years the whole People of the City lhall double without the accefs of Foreigners: the which contradicts not our Accompt of its grow- ing from two to five in 56 years with fuch acceffes. 13. According to this proportion, one couple vi\. Adam and Eve, doubling themfelves every 64 years of the 5610 years, which is the age of the World according to the Scriptures3 fliall produce far more People, then are now in it. W herefore the World is not above 100 thoufand years, old as forne vainly Imagine,nor above what the Scripture makes it. Chap. XII. Of the Country Bills. WE have, for the with our Obfer- vations upon the Accompts of Burials, and Chriflnings, in, and about London-, we ill all nextpre- fent the Accompts of both Burials, Chriflnings, and alfo of Weddings in the Country, having to that purpofe inferted Tables of 90 years for a certain Parifli in being a pliiee neither famous for Longevity0 and HealthfulneJ!, nor for the contrary. Upon which Tables we obferve, 1. That every Wedding, one with another, produ- ces four Children, and confequently, that that is the proportion of Children,which any Marriagable man, or woman may f>e prefumed {hall have. For, though a man may be Married more then once, yet, being once Married, he may die without any Ifliie at all. 2. That in thisParifh there were born 15 Females for 16 Males, whereas in London there were 13 for 14, which (hews,that London is fomewhat more apt to pro- duce Males theu the country. And it is poflible,that in fome other places there are more Females born, then Males, which, upon this variation of proportion, I again recommend to the examination of the curious. 3. That in the faid whole 90 years the Burials of the Males and Females were exactly equal, and that in feveral Decads they differed not 100 part, that in one of the two Decads) wherein the difference was very notorious,there were Buried of Males 337,and of Fe- males but 284, vi\. 53 difference, and in the other there died contrariwife 338 Males, and 386 females.> differing 46. 4. There are alfo Decads, where the Birth of Males and Females differ very much, vi\. about 60. f. That in the faid 90 years there have been born more, then buried in the faid Pariff, (the which both 90 years ago, and alfo now, confided of about 2700 Souls) but 1059, vi% not 12per Annum, one year with another. 6. That thefe 1079 have in all probability contri- buted to the increafe of jLo«rtW;;fince,as was faid even now,it neither appears by the Burials^Chrijlnings,or by the built of new-houfiug, that the faid Parilli is more populous now, then 90 years ago, by above two or 300 fouls. Now, if all other places fend about f of their encreafe, vi%. about one out of 900 of their Inhabitants Annually to London, and that there be 14 times as many people in there be in London, (for which we have given fome reafons,/ then London encreafes by fuch Aavence every year above 000: the which will make the Accompt of Burials to fwell about 20O per Annum, and will anfwer the encreafes. We obferve it is clear, that the faid Parifh is encreafed about 300, and it is probable, that three or four hun- dred more went to London, and it is known, That about 400 went to New-England, the Caribe-1/lands, and New-found-Land, within thefe Iaft fourty years. 7. According to the 'Medium of the faid whole 90 years, there have been five Cbrijlnings for four Burials, although in fome fingle Years, and Decads,• there have been three to two,although fometimes (though more rarely) the Burials have exceeded the Births, as in the cafe of Epidemical Difeafes. 8. Our former Obfervation, That healthfull years are alfo the moft fruitfull, is much confirmed by our Country Accompts; for, 70 being our Standard for Births, and 78 for Burials, you fhall finde, that where fewer then 78 died,more then 70 were born. Having given you a few inftances thereof, I fhall remit you to the Tables for the general proof of this Affertion. ViAnno 1633. when 10 < were born, there died but 29. Now, in none of the whole 90 years more were born then 1 o3,and but in one,fewer then 2 9 died,^. 28 Anno 1658. Again Anno 1568, when 9$ were born, but 42 died. Anno 1584, when 90 were born, but 41 died. Anno 1650, when 86 were born, but 52 died. So that by how much more are born, by fo much (as it were) the fewer die. For when 103 were born, but 29 died: but when but 86 were born, then 72 died. On the other fide Anno 1638, when 156 died per Annum. which was the greateft year of Mortality, then lefs then the meer Standard 70, vi\. but 66 were born. Again Anno 1644, W'hen 137 died, but 79 were born. Anno 1597, when 117 died, but 43 were born. And Anno 1783, when 87 died, but 59 were born. A little Irregularity may be found herein, as that Anno 1612, when 116 died ( a number double to our Standard 58 yet) 87 ( vi\. 17 about the Standard 70) were born. And that when 89 died 077were born: but thefe differences are not fo great, nor fo often, as to evert ourRule, which befides the Autho- rity of thefe Accompts is probable in it felf. 9. Of all the laid 90 years the year 1638 was the moft Mortal, I therefore enquired whether the Plague was then in that Parifh, and having received good fa- tisfa&ion that it was not (which I the rather believe, becaufe, that the Plague was not then confiderable at London) but that it was a Malignant Fever raging fo fiercely about Harvefi, that there appeared fcarce hands enough to take in the Corn: which argues, confidering there were 2700 Parifhioners, that feven might be fick for one that died: whereas of the Plague more die then recover. Laftly,thefe People lay long- cr lick then is ufual in the Blague, nor was there any mention of Sores, Swellings, blew-Tokens, &c. among them. It follows, that the proportion between the greatefl and the leafi Mortalities in the Country are far greater then at London. Forasmuch as the greateft 156 is above quintuple unto 28 the leaft, whereas in London (the Plague excepted,as here it hath beenjthe number of Burials upon other Accompts within no vecad of years hath been double, whereas in the Country it hath been quintuple not onely within the whole 90 years, but alfo within the fame Decad: for Anno 1 <5 23. there died but 29, and Anno 1638 the above-menti- oned number of 156. Moreover, as in London, in no Vecad, the Burials of one year are double to thofe of another; fo in the Country they are feldom not more then lo. As by this Table appears, Deead V - greateft XX leaft number of Burials 1 uo 87 —i \j— 34 JL O r 39 38 3 4 ' 53 —( — t T X —. 30 5 . x ' l 1 u 89 *—\^6— 5£ ■ - __ r1 n 7 S — — —50 t r 35 - ±6 Cl 9 137— — 80— ' ■4° —28 Which (hews, that the opener, and freer Airs are moft fubjedf both to the good and bad Impreflions, and that the Fumes, Steams, and Stenches of London do fo medicate, and impregnate the Air about it, that it becomes capable of little more, as if thefaid Fumes rifing out of London met with, oppofed, and ju- ftled backwards the Influences falling from above, or refifted the Incurfion of the Country- Airs. io. In the laft Paragraph we (aid, that the Burials in the Country were fometimes quintuple to one ano- ther, but- of the Chriftnings we affirm, that within the fame Decadthey are feldome double, as appears by this Table, vi\. Deead T . j greateft leaft number of Burials O - - • 7° 11B nrv 5° *— o - 9° — 45 52 4 r 9i T 87— << - 05 - jl _ 03 7 10 i 9 8- o °/ 9 — 5* Now,although the difproportions of Births be not fo great as that of Burials thefe difproportions are far greater then at London:for let it be fhewn in any of the London Bills, that within two years the Cbrijlnings have or increafed double, as they did Anno 15-84, when 90 were born,and An. 158^,where- in were but 45 ; or to rife from 52, as Anno 1593,to 71, as in the next year 1594. Now, thefe difpropor- tions both in Births, and Burials, confirm what hath been before Aflerted, that Healthfulnefi, and Fruit- fulnefigo together, as they would not, were there not difproportions in both,although proportional. 11. By the Standard of Burials in this Parifh, I thought to have computed the number oi Inha- bitants in it, vij£. by multiplying 58 by 4, which made the VroduU 232, the number ot Families. Hereupon I wondered, that a Parifh containing a large Market- Town, and 12 Miles compafs, fiiould have but 232 Houfes,I then multiplied 232 by 8, the VroduU where- of was i8y6, thereby hoping to have had the num- ber of the Inhabitants, as I had for London; but when upon enquiry I found there had been 210c Com- municants in that Parifh in the time of a Minijter, who forced too many into that Ordinance, and that 1 y00 was the ordinary number of Communicants in all times, I found alfo, that for as much as there were near as many under 16 years old, as there are above, vi\. Communicants, I concluded, that there muft be about 27, or 2800 Souls in that Parifh: from whence it follows, that little more then one of 50 dies in the Country, whereas in London, it feems manifeft, that about one in 32 dies, over and above what dies of the blague. 12. It follows therefore from hence, what I more faintly aflerted in the former Chapter, that the Country is more healtbjull, then the City, That is to fay, although men die more regularly, and lefs per Saltum 'm London, then in the4Country, yet, upon the whole matter, there die fewer per Rata fo as the Fumes, Steams, and Stenches above-mentioned, al- though they make the Air of London more equal, yet not more Healtbjull. 15. When I conlider, That in the Country fe- venty are Born for fifty eight Buried, and that be- fore the year itfco the like happened in Le«- don, I confidered, whether a City, as it becomes more populous,doth not,for that very caufe,become more unbealthfuU, I inclined to believe, that London now is more unbealthfull, then heretofore, partly for that it is more populous, but chiefly, becaufe I have heard, that 60 years ago few Sea-Coals were burnt in London jwhich now are univerfally ufed. For I have heard, that NervcaJUe is more unhealtbfull then other places,and that many People cannot at all endure the fmoak of London, not onely for its unpleafantnefs, but for the fuffocations which it caufes. 14. Suppofe,that Amo 15*69 there were 2400 fouls in that Parifh,and that they increafed by the Births 70, exceeding the Burials '58, it will follow, that the faid 2400 cannot double under 2 co. Now,if London be lefs bealtbfuH then the Country,as certainly it is, the Plague being reckoned in, it follows, that London mu ft be doubling it felf by generation in much above 200 : but if it hath encreafed from 2 to 5 in 54,as aforefaid, the fame muft be by reafon of transplantation out of the Country. The Conclufion. IT may be now asked, to what purpofe tends all this laborious buzzling, and groping? To know, i. The number of the People ? 2. How many Males, and Females ? 3. How many Married, and fingle > 4. How many Teeming Women ? y. How many of every Septenary, or Decad of years in age ? 6. How many Fighting Men > 7. How much London is, and by what fteps it hath increafed > 8. In what time the houfing is repleniflied after a FI ague > 9. What proportion die of each general and per- ticular Cafualties ? 10. What years are Fruitfully and Mortal, and in what Spaces, and Intervals., they follow each other > 11. In what proportion Men neglect the Orders of the Church, and Sefls have increafed > 12. The disproportion of Pariihesf 13. Why the Burials in London exceed the Chrift- nings, when the contrary is vifible in the Coun- try ? To this I might anfwer in general by faying, that thofe, who cannot apprehend the reafon of thefe En- quiries, are unfit to trouble themfelves to ask thcad 2. I might anfwer by asking; Why fo many have fpent their times, and edates about the Art of making Gold? which, if it were much known, wouldone- ly exalt Silver into the place, which Gold now pof- feffeth; and if it were known but to fome one Per- fon, the fame (ingle Adeptus could not, nay, durft not enjoy it, but muft be either a Prifoner to fome Prince, and Slave to fome Voluptuary, or elfe skulk obfeurely up and down for his privacie, and con- cealment. 3. I might Anfwer; That there is much pleafure in deducing fo many abftrufe, and unexpe&ed in- ferences out of thefe poor defpifed Bills of A/or- talityj and in building upon that ground, which hath lain wafte thefe eighty years. And there is pleafure in doing fomething new, though never fo little, without pedering the World with volumi- nous Tranfcriptions. 4. But, I Anfwer more ferioufly} by complain- ing, That whereas the Art of Governing, and the true Politiques 5 is how to preferve the Subject in Peace, and Plenty, that men ftudy onely that part of it, which teacheth how to fupplant, and over-reach one another, and how, not by fair out-running, but by tripping up each other’s heels, to win the Prize. Nowj the Foundation, or Elements of this ho- ned harmlefs Policy is to underdand the Land, and the hands of the Territory to be governed, accord- ing to all their intrinfick, and accidental differen- ces : as for example 5 It were good to know the Geometrical Content, Figure, and Scituation of all the Lands of a Kingdom;efpecially, according to its moft natural, permanent, and confpicuous Bounds. It were good to know, how much Hay an Acre of every fort of Meadow will bear ? how many Cattel the fame weight of each fort of Hay will feed, and fatten? what quantity of Grain, and other Commodities the fame Acre will bear in one, three, or feven years commumbus Annis f unto what ufe each foil is moft proper? All which particu- lars I call the intrinfick value ; for there is alfo another value meerly accidental, or extrinfick, con- lifting of the Caufes, why a parcel of Land, lying near a good Market, may be worth double to another parcel, though but of the fame intrinfick goodnefs, which anfwers the Queries, why Lands in the North of England are worth but fixteen years purchafe, and thofe of the Weft above eight and twenty. It is no lefs neceflary to know how many People there be of each Sex, State, Age, Religi- on, Trade, Rank, or Degree, &c. by the know- ledg whereof Trade, and Government may be made more certain, and Regular j for, if men knew the People as aforefaid, they might know the con- fumption they would make, fo as Trade might not be hoped for where it is impofsible. As for inftance, I have heard much complaint, that Trade is not fet up in fome of the Seutb-rvejlern3and North- weftern Parts of Ireland, there being fo many ex- cellent Harbours for thatpurpofe, whereas in feve- ral of thofe Places I have alfo heard, that there are few other Inhabitants, but fuch as live ex Jftonte creatis, and are unfit Subjects of Trade, as neither employing others, nor working themfelves. Moreover, if all thefe things were clearly,-and truly known (which I have but guefled at) it would appear, how fmall a part of the People work upon neceflary Labours, and Callings, vi\. how many Women, and Children do juft nothing, onely learning to fpend what others get ? how many are meer Voluptuaries, and as it were meer Gamefters by Trade ? how many live by puzling poor people with unintelligible Notions in Divini- ty , and Philofophie ? how many by perfwading credulous, delicate, and Litigious Perfons, that their Bodies, or Eftates are out of Tune, and in dan- ger ? how many by fighting as Souldiers ? how ma- ny by Minifteries of Vice, and Sin? how many by Trades of meer Pleafure, or Ornaments ? and how many in a way of lazie attendance, upon others ? And on the other fide, how few are em- ployed in railing, and working neceflary food, and covering? and of the fpeculative men, how few do truly ftudie Nature, and Tkingr ? The more in- genious not advancing much further then to write, and fpeak wittily about thefe matters. I conclude, That a clear knowledge of all thefe particulars, and many more, whereat I have {hot but at rovers, is neceflary in order to good, certain, and eafie Government, and even to balance Parties, and factions both in Church and State. But whether the knowledge thereof be neceflary to many, or fit for others,then the Sovereign, and his chief Minifters, I leave to confideration. ; :1 ’ Z /T J U C* JF IO n U J [ 1 j u 0 162 163 9163 0 163 3 164 4 164 7 1651(165 3 1652I165 ,6*9 20 Years. 1(547 r6j 2 1155 1631 163*2 1633 16? 1 163 5 164 9 I6T? 16* The Years of our Lord 1648 1649 1650 1651 16541655 1656:16571658 16591660 16291630 i634|i635 >$36[ 163' 2 1631 6 1650 165* 1165! Abortive, and ftilborn 335 329 327 351 389 381 38- 433 483! 419 463] 467 421 544 499 439 410 445 5 CO 475 ! 507’ 523 179: 2O0< ) 1342158; 1 183. if I245 sjs? Aged 91 b 835 6 96 78c 834 8 64 974 743 892 869T176 9091095 579 712 661 671 7°, 623 794, 714 2475 2bl^ !• 3336:345 ?68c 3 *375 1 5757 Ague, and Feveri I26o 884 73 1 970 10 38 1212 1282 1 37l 689 87$ 999 1800 2303 2148 956 1091 1115 1108 953 1279 1622 2360 4418 6235 ?86y 4903 436; 40IC 23784 Apoplex, -and fodainly 68 74 64 74 105 111 11S 86 92 102 113 138 9i 67 22 36 x7 24 35 1 26 75 85 28c ) 421 445 177 2306 Bleach 1 3 7 2 1 5 8 8 6 4 5 l I 15 Blafted 4 1 6 6 4 5 3 13 10 13 4 4 54 14 5 12 M 16 99 Bleeding 3 2 3 1 3 4 3 2 7 3 5 4 7 2 5 2 x 5 4 4 3 1 16 7 11 I 2 IS 17 65 Bloudy Flux, Scouring, and Flux 155 176 802 289 833 762 200 386 168 368 362 233 346 251 449 438 352 3 48 278 512 346 330 1587 1466 1422 2181 H61 *597 7818 Burnt, and Scalded 3 6 10 5 11 8 5 7 10 5 l 4 6 6 3 10 7 5 1 3 12 3 25 19 *4 1 31 26 19 125 Calenture 1 1 2 X 1 3 35 63 20 28 27 I 3 4 2 j 4 3 13 Cancer, Gangrene, and Fiftula 26 29 31 19 31 53 36 37 73 31 =4 S2 *4 23 30 24 30; 85 112 8 105 157 150 114 609 Wolf 8 27 68 | . 8 Canker, Sore-mouth, and Thrufh <56 28 54 42 ' 68 5* 5 3 72 44 81 19 73 6 4 4 1 132 5 74 >5 79 190 244 161 133 689 Childbed 161 106 < 114 I I 7 206 213 158 192 177 201 1 230 2 226 194 150 157 112 171 M3 163 230 590 668 498 769 839 490 3364 Chrifomes, and infants 1369 12541065 9901237 1280 1050 *343 I 089 1393 1144 858 1123 2596 48 2378 2035 2268 2130 2315 2113 1895 ?277 8453 46784910 4788 4519 32106 Colick, and Wind | 103 71 85 82 76 102 80 101 85 120 113 179 116 167 57 5i 45 37 50 105 87 341 359 497 *47 1389 Cold, and Cough • 4i 36 21 1 3° 3 * 33 24 10 58 55 54 50 57 174 207 00 77 1 40 43 598, Confumption, and Cough 2423 2200 2388 1988 2330 2410 2286 2868 2 606 3*84 *757 3610 841 2982. 3414 i827 1910 l7r 3 *797 175 4 I95S’;208o 2477 5157 8266 8999 9914 12157 7 l97 44487! Convulfion 6 84 491 510 49 3 5*9 653 6c6 828 702 IO27 007 742 1031 5 2 »7 18 241 221 356 41b 7 °9 498 1734 219b2656 3377 1324 9073: Cramp Cut of the Stone 2 1 1 3 1 I 2 4 I 3 5 46 48 1 0 5 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 01 5 CO - 06 6 0 4 0 i3 1 47 2! 38! Dropfy, and Tympany 185 434 421 508 444 556 617 704 65o 70 6 i , 631 63 931 640 fC\ 872 235 252 279 280 266 250 329 389 1048 1734 1538 2321 2982 I 302 9613 Drowned 47 40 30 27 49 50 5? 30 43 4' 57 48 43 33 29 34 37 3~2 32 45 i39 H7 ‘44 182 215 130 827I Exceflive drinking 2 22 18 *8 13 j8 13 13 62 52 2 2 2 Executed 8 17 29 43 24 12 19 2» 19 4* 0 7 19 12 13 13 97 76 79 55 584 Fainted in a Bath 1 10 8 1 1 Falling-Sicknefs 3 ■*> 2 3 3 I 4 „ 3 I 835 409 1 , 4 '5 3 7 7 2 5 6 27 21 10 8 8 9 74 Flox, and Irnall Pox 13 9 400 11 po 184 S’-S 1270 IU 1 J 8l 2 1294 523 1523 , 354 72 40 5b 26 53i 72ji 354 293 127 7°‘ 1846 1913 275 5 3361 278 y 10576 Found dead in the Streets i 6] 5 8 7 9 M « 2C 3 ! 9 2 6 18 3”3 6 1 i 5 24 2 4 S3 69 34 27 29 243 French-Pox Frighted 29 15 I 18 2! 3 20 20 2 29 { 1 23 1 25 8 53 51 3i 9 i7 1 12 12 12 I 7 W 12 22 3 8 53 2 48 0 bo 9 81 5 130 2 83 2 392 21 Gout 9 5 12 9 7 7 5 6 X 8 7 1 1-3 *4 2 2 5 3 4 4 5 7 14 24 35 25 36 28 134 Grief 12 13 10 7 17 <4 11 17 i 0 | 13 10 12 1 18 1 5 t 77 13 4 18 20 22 11 14 17. 5 20 71 5° 4b 59 45 47 279 Flanged,and made-away themfclves i-read ch .jaundice 11 57 10 J 35 13 I f 3^ 14 2 49 9 41 14 2 43 15 6 57 9 *4 k 6 5 71 61 ! 16 3 I 4i 24 4 46 11 35 102 36 26 76 8 47 8 59 6 35 *5 43 25 3 » ! 4 l —dZtl 37 0 184 18 6 1 97 4.8 14 1 bo 47 14 212 72 17 225 32 188 222 o51 998 Taw- fain 1 1 3 .. 80 2 2 3 96 10 16 1 3 b 10 10 4 1 i 47 35 02 5 6 1 0 05 Fmpoftume 75 61 65 59 105 79 90 92 122 80 *34 105 58 76 73 74 30 62 73 13O 282 3 x5 260 354 428 228 1639 Itcl* 1 1 52 1 47 j 28 10 60 OO 10 01 1 11: _'d by federal Accidents 27 37 39 94 47 43 57 * 58 52 43 55 47 54 55 47 46 49 41 51 202 201 217 207 I94 148 1021 KmgJs Evil 27 26 22 19 22 20 26 26 27 1 24 23 28 54 16 25 18 38 35 20 20 69 97i 15° 94 94 102 66 537 67 L thargy 3 4 2 4 4 4 3 10 9 4 6 ! 2 . 6 4 p 2 3 2 2 5 7 *3 21 11 9 Leprofy . ' Livergrown, Spleen, and Rickets 53 46 I 56 59 65 72 67 65 ! 52 5° 38 51 8 2 15 2 94 112 99 87 82 77 2 98 99 2 3921 2 356 1 *13 269 1 ipl 3 158 061 1421 Lunatique 22 18 6 11 7 11 9 12 6 l 13 5 A 14 2 4 6 11 6 5 4 2 2 , 5 28 13 47 39 31 26 158 Meagrom 12 13 3 8 6 6 14 ' 3 6 7 80 3 5 4 24 80 22 24i 22 30 34 22 °5 3 3 2 Meafles 5 9* 3 33 33 62 8 52 11 *53 15 6 74 42 2 3 21 33 27 12 127 83 133 155 259 5 1 757] 18 Mother 2 I\ 1 2 2 3 1 8 1 :. 1 3 01 3 2 4 8 02 Murdered 3 2 7 5 4 3> 3 3 9 6 5 7 70 20 3 7 8 0 3 8 10 19 17 13 27 77 86 Overlayd, and ftarved at Nurfe 25 22 36 28 28 29, 3o 36 5* 53 44 50 46 43 4 ' 1 c 13 7 is 10 ' 1 14 34 46 11 I 123 215 86 529 42* Palfv 27 21 19 20 23 20 29 18 22 23 20 22 *7 2 1 17 23 *7 25 14 21 25 17 81 77 87 90 87 53 *1 3597 6i t 67 ]5 23 16 6 16 9 6 4 14 36 14 1317 274 8 I io^co 45‘A| 00 j 4290 61 33 103 I6384 991 415 Plague in the Guts 1 iio 3 * s7 3r5 446 16 253 402 26 i 00 <5T 142. 844 253 Pleurify 30 26 13 20 23 19 I *7 23 10 9 *7 12 10 24 26 36 2] 45 24 112 90 89 7* 52 5' JPoyfoned riurples, and fpotted Fever ms 3 47 43 7 65 54 60 75 89 56 52 56 126 368 146 32 58 ss 38 2 24 125 245 2 397 00, 'yd 10 300 CO 27 b eo 290 CO 243 H 1845 jQuinfy, and Sore-throat 14 11 12 T7 24 20 18 9 15 *3 - 7 10 21 x4 01 8 6 7 24 O4 5 22 22 55 54 71 45 34 247 3681 27CO 201 Rickets 150 224 216 190 260 3*9 229 37* 347 458 317 476 441 521 98 9 60 4 14 49 50 00 113 780 1190 1598 <557 fc/lo:her, rifing of the Lights Rupture .150 16 92 7 JI5 7 I 20! 6 134 7 138 16 133 7 178 15 166 11 212 20 203 19 228 18 210 12 249 28 44 2 72 6 99 4 84 3 72 10 104 13 309 21 220 3° 777 36 5S5 45 809 68 369 2/ Kcal’d-head 2,1 H 1 43 i 44 2 71 82 82 95 12 5 GO 25 3 3 2 i 2 OS I ui vy 32| 20 21 21 29 41 I U3 7" 3't, 94 300 1*5 593 1 mothered, and ftifled 2 47 5 61 7 7 48 20 7 24 20 48 24 89 2 2 6 Ulcers, broken and bruifed '-hfc (Limbs Spleen 15 12 l7 17 17 16 26 32 13 5i 13 23 34 6 40 2 23 | ' 19 22 29 91 65 29 IJ5 26 144 13 141 0? 07 5C4{ V 6g Shingles 1 1 H 1 1 rx. Starved Stitch 4 8 7 * J 1 2 1 | 1 3 1 3 6 7 14 58 56 1 19 l 5 13 29 51 Stone, and Strangury Sciatica 4 5 42 29 28 5o 41 44 38 49 57 72 69 22 30 2 58 3 49 33 1 45 6 114 I 185 4 144 175 247 51 863 3 66oi Stopping of the Stomach 2 9 1 29 30 136 3 540 3 3 55 67 66 107 94 *45 T29 277 180 214 63 5 157 8 149 4 86 6 132 10 6 445 23 6 I2J 295 247 2 16 fur fee Swine-Pox 217 4 7 67; 62 I37i A 123 104 I77 *7«; 1 21* 4 128! 2 161 1 137 1 218 1 20 2 2 192 104 3 4J2 23 28 H4 371 7*i *3 613 11 671 5 644 5 401 10 3094 57 14236 242 211 “Teeth, and Worms Tiftick Thrufh 1 n 597 47, 598 70 9 905 691 1131 803 1198 878 \ 57 1036 66 839 1008 440 8 i5 506 12 23 3 35 M l7 470 34 4° 454 15 3> 539 27 34 1207 1751 68 95 2632 65 93 2502 109 3436 V 3915 123 l8l9 8 15 Vomiting 1 6 4 6 3 53 J4 7 27 16 19 8 10 . 1 4 1 1 2 5 6 3 7 16 l7 27 69 12 116 Worms Wen 147 T 107 5 I05 7 *5 85 2 86 1 1 2 1 1 19 3i 28 1 27 19 4 28 27 105 1 74 4 424 2 224 4 4 124 2 830 15 454 sodainly 1 j <53 59 37 62 58 62 78 34 221 233 63] place this 1 'able a fterF ol. 341901229250' THl TABLE OF CASVALTIES. The Table of Burials,and Chrijlnings. 1 Anno Dom. 97 Parifhes 16 Pariflies Out-Pa- rifties Buried in all Befides of the P'ague Chriftned 1604 1518 2097 708 4323 896 545'd 1605 2014 2974 96 0 5948 444 6504 1606 1941 2920 9 35 5 796 2124 6 614 1607 1879 2772 1019 5670 2352 6582 1608 2391 3218 1M9 6758 2262 6845 1609 2494 3610 1441 7545 4240 6388 1610 2326 379i 1369 7486 1803 6785 1611 2132 3398 1166 6716 6 27 7014 16715 24780 . 8747 S0242 '47*2 52190 1612 2473 3843 1462 7778 64 6986 1 <513 2406 3679 1418 75°3 16 6846 1614 % 2369 3504 1494 7367 22 | 7208 1615 2446 379r 1613. 7850 37 768 2 ; 1616 *490 3876 1697 8063 9 1 7985 1617 23 97 4109 J774 8 280 6 7747 1618 2815 4715 2066 9S96 18 ! 773 5 1619 2339 3857 1804 7999 9 8127 '9735 31374 13328 64436 171 1 60316 1620 2726 4819 2146 9691 21 7845 1621 2438 3759 1915 8112 11 8039 i6zz 2811 4217 *39* 8943 16 7894 1623 3S9I 4721 2783 11095 17 7945 1624 3385 5919 2895 12199 11 8299 1625 5143 9819 3886 18848 35417 6983 I626 2150 3286 1965 7401 lH 6701 1627 2325 3400 1988 77ii 4 8408 24569 3 99*° 19970 84000 35631 62114 1628 24I 2 3 511 2017 7740 3 8564 1629 2536 3992 2243 8771 0 9901 1630 2505 4201 2521 9237 1317 93'5 1631 2459 3697 2132 8288 274 8524 1632 2704 4412 2411 9527 8 P584 1633 1378 3936 2078 8392 0 9997 1634 2937 4980 2982 10899 1 9855 i«35 1742 4966 2943 10651 0. 10034 20694 33495 i93*7_ 73505 1603 75774 The Table of Burials,and Chrijlnings in London. Anno Dom. 97 Parishes 16 Parifhes Out-pa- rifties Buried in all Beiides of the Plague Chriftned 1636 2825 6924 3210 | 1^959 104 00 9522 1637 2288 4265 2118 8681 3082 9160 1638 3584 5926 375i 13261 3/63 10311 1639 2592 4344 2612 9548 314 10150 1640 2919 5156 3246 11321 1450 10850 1641 3248 5092 3427 11767 13 75 10670 1642 3176 5245 3578 11999 1274 10370 16^3 3395 S55* 3269 12216 996 9410 23987 42544 248 16 2958 1645 1659 822 415 116 56 *93 103 1392 695 138 86.8 3 50,8413 2828 1418 1660 783 108 183 US* 114 6 5 33l *437 350? I66l 983 102 330 1561 , 340 1 \o 2 8y r Plate this Table after fol. 76." Table of Male f and Female sfor London. An. Dom. Buried Males females Chriitned Males Females. 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 4668 1 5660 4549 493 2 1 4369 5676 5548 12377 47779 4103 4894 4°i3 4603 4023 5224 5103 10981 5218 4858 4422 4994 1 5158 503 5 5106 4917 4683 4457 4102 4590 4839 4820 4928 4605 I 43945 1 39708 1 37024 1637 1638 1639 16^0 6392 7168 5351 6761 5 371 6456 4511 6010 4703 5 359 5366 5518 4457 49 J 2 4784 533 * Total T4I 1642 1*43 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 7345 1 65293 60664 S<>S49 ” 6872 7049 6842 5659 6014 6683 7313 5 145 6270 6224 6360 5274 5465 6097 6746 4749 5470 5460 4793 4I07 4047 3768 3796 3363 5200 4910 46I7 3997 3919 3395 353* 3181 51577 1 47185 1 34804 1 J27S5 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 16)4 1655 1636 5454 4548 5680 *543 5416 6973 6027 7365 5112 4216 ' 5H7 6026 4671 6275 5330 «55« 3079 2890 3231 3220 3196 .3441 3*55 3668 2746 2722 284O 2908 1959 3179 3349 3382 44005 1 41333 \ 26380 2408? 16*7 1658 1 <$59 J 660 Total “6578 7936 7451 *7 06O 29925 198952 5856 7eS7 7305 7£S8 *7376 | 181187 1 3396 3157 9209 3724 13186 125034 32898 175 342 274 . 616 337 284 621 ■iS 181 366 377 743 249 219 468 I6< j'°9 L«8 i97 4i7 358 775 338 386 724 i 16 519 2-s 168 368 373 741 305 306 611 .6 529 • *53 418 4T3 831 317 3i9 636 16' ?39 U* 137 35i 357 708 375 383 00 IA 16 J49 2?8 182 j 354 320 674 2l8 220 OO CO rt* T568 3256 3083 6339 2640 2640 5280 The 'Table ofthe Country-Par ip. Commu- \ Ved- Chriftned Euried Years nicant* dings M. | F. | Both M. 1 F. 1 Both 1569 H 38 1 30 68 23 XI 44 1570 19 29 32 61 21 25 46 1571 18 28 26 54 23 27 50 1572 23 32 32 54 20 14 34 1573 * 21 34 36 70 24 13 37 IS74 16 21 2 9 50 28 38 66 1S7S 24 37 29 66 *9 34 1576 22 33 37 70 16 iS 34 1577 *3 29 26 55 19 21 40 15,78 20 3i 35 66 *5 25 50 l9°1 3ia|302(614|214 | 221 435 1579 >5 35 36 71 27 27 54 80 21 43 31 74 38 41' 79 81 29 29 33 62 34 24 58 82 - 22 28 2 9 57 18 21 39 p 22 32 17 59 35 52 87 84 i5 46 44 90 22 19 41 85 15 26 21 47 15 *7 42 86 18 22 23 45 24 37 61 87 13 34 31 65 43 3* 79 1588 15 33 34 67 3 1 18 49 1185 [ 3281 3091637 (287 | 302 | 589 The Table of Males and Females Years Commu- nicants Wed- dings Chriftned M. | F. | Both M. Euricd 1 F. | Both 1589 9Q 91 92 9 3 9 4 95 96 97 98 20 l6 12 14 20 24 16 9 23 21 31 40 37 40 32 34 32 36 23 37 27 29 28 2J 20 37 28 26 25 29 58 69 65 65 52 71 60 62 48 66 28 36 35 28 33 16 33 42 53 33 l6 21 30 19 32 22 28 29 64 *3 44 57 65 47 *5 38 61 7i i*7 66 117$ 1342 1274! 616 13371284 [ 631 1599 600 601 602 603 604 60 5 606 607 608 . 19 16 16 14 12 2i *9 19 27 17 45 2 6 39 3i 31 42 47 29 36 40 31 34 32 32 38 35 34 41 47 53 76 60 71 6 3 69 77 81 70 83 93 21 20 18 29 3* 26 21 28 33 21 22 25 12 18 39 27 12 23 19 21 43 46 30 47 7K S3 33 51 52 42 |!»l I36«l377 1 743 1249 I1191468 TheTable of s tales and Females. Years | Chriftned Weddings] M. | F. | Both. | M. Buryed F. | Both 1609 23 30 3i 61 1 24 ] 4i I 8$ IG 19 46 30 7 6 33 ] 40 73 11 *5 40 4i| 81 41 32 73 12 20 55 3*1 87 53 63 \ 116 n 24 41 33 74 47 4i 88 25 50 35 85 27 36 15 22 35 48 83 28 36 64 16 14 38 3 6 74 27 4i 68 17 i7 45 1 3i 76 35 28 63 1618 8 37 1 4i 78 23 28 51 197 4'71775 I338I386I 724 1619 21 37 | 43 80 j 26 28 54 20 20 34 1 5i 85 18 30 48 21 21 3i 37 68 28 36 64 22 23 45 38 83 20 26 46 23 M 40 I 36 76 56 3i 87 24 19 30 33 63 29 35 64 25 7 37 4i 78 36 20 5<5 26 9 30 35 65 21 29 150 27 38 45 23 68 24 29 53 1628 16 l 39 3* 75 47 42 89 i(58 I 368 I 373I 741 |305|306| 611 The Table of the Country-Parljh. Chriftned Buried I Years ' Weddings| M. | F. | Both. | M. F. 1 Both 1629 22 53 38 91 4 6 28 74 3° 8 58 45 103 26 , 27 53 31 20 42 29 7i 26 33 59 32- 16 43 5° 93 15 21 36 33 12 38 *5 103 18 11 29 34 23 3° 45 75 18 26 44 35 11 39 32 71 18 l7 35 36 i5 50 37 87 42 48 90 37 i3 35 36 71 2$ 35 60 1638 13 30 36 66 83 73 1 156 IS ? 1 4*814IJ 1 S3_I_J 317 3i91 636 i639 18 24 31 55 48 | 66 I 114 40 I I 44 41 85 35 39 74 41 21 34 29 34 36 1 70 42 21 48 39 87 32 29 61 43 8 30 42 72 59 28 87 44 16 33 26 59 6% 72 137 4S 10 43 41 84 28 29 57 46 11 32 35 67 24 32 56 47 _ 12 28 46 74 2S 11 46 48 9 35 27 <52 *s 31 56 i37 1 33i 1 3S7l 708 | 375 1 383 1 758 1649 9 1 22 37 59 46 34 80 50 9 31 86 25 27 52 y 1 7 25 27 52 n 21 32 52 14 34 28 62 20 2S 45 53 9 47 24 71 21 14 35 54 15 34 37 71 14 25 39 55 38 3S 34 69 28 19 47 5* 28 40 30 70 18 15 ' 33 57 37 23 43 66 22 2 S 47 16 1 39 29 68 13 *5 28 \ 182.1354 I3201674 1 2I8I210I438 Advertifements for the better under/land- ing of the fever al Tables .‘videlicet, Concerning the Table of Cafualties con- fifing of thirty Columns. T He firft Column contains all the Cafualties hap- pening within the 22 fingle years mentioned in this Bill. The 14 next Columns contain two of the laft Septe- naries of years, which being the lateft are firft let down. The 8 next Columns reprefent the 8 firft years, wherein the Cafualties were taken notice off. Memorandum, That the 10 years between 1636 and 1647 are omitted as containing nothing Extra- ordinary, and as not confijlent with the Incapacity of a Sheet. The 5 next Columns are the 8 years from 1629 to 1636 brought into 2 Quaternions, and the 12 of the 14 laft years brought into three more; that Compan- ion might be made between each 4 years taken toge- ther, as well as each fingle year apart, The next Column contains 3 years together, taken at 1 o years diftance from each other; that the diftant years, as well as confequent, might be compared with the whole 20, each of the 7 each of the 21 (ingle years. The laft Column contains the total of the 1 Qua- ternions, or 25 years. The Number 229250 is the total of all the Burials in the faid 20 years, as 34*90 is of the Burialsin the faid 3 diftant years. Where note that the t of the latter total is 11396 and the fc- of the former is 11462; differ- ing but 66 from each other in fo great a fum, videlicet f.arce f0'0 part. The Table of Burials, and Chrijlnings, conftjling of 7 Columns. IT is to be noted, that in all the feveral Columns of the Burials thofe dying of the Plague are left out, being reckoned all together in the fixth Column. Whereas in the original Bills the Plague, and all other difeafes are reckoned together, with mention how many of the refpedtive totals are of the Plague. Secondly, From the year 1642 forwards the ac- compt of the Chriflmngs is not to be trufted, the neg- lects of the fame beginning about that year: for in 1642 there are fet down 1037O, and about the fame Number feveral years before, after which time the faid Chrijlnings decreafed to between yooo and 6000 by omiffion of the greater part. Thirdly, The feveral Numbers are caft up into OUo- naries, that Comparifon may be made of them as as well as of fingle years. The Table of Males, and Females, con• taning 5 Qolumns. Fir ft, The Numbers are caft up for 12 years; vide- licet from when the diftintftion between Males and Females firil began, untill 1640 inclufivb when the exacftnefs in that Accompt ceafed. Secondly, From 1640 toi<*<50 the Numbers are caft up into another total, which feems as good for comparing the Number of Males with Females, the negled: being in both Sexes alike, and proportion- able. The Tables concerning the Country-Parijh, the for- mer, of Decads beginning at 1569, and continuing un- till the latter being for lingle years, being for the fame time, are fo plain, that they require no further Explanation then the bare reading the Cha- pter relating to them, FINIS. Errata" Pag.i.lm.it.read t*.r.feeme.j{./.zp.r. oihct.p.+o.l.ii. /.zj.c.fhould all within the Parcnthc- 78,and 79 r.Country-Patifli.