GENERAL WOLFE's
INSTRUCTIONS
TO
YOUNG OFFICERS:
ALSO HIS
ORDERS for a BATTALION and an ARMY.
TOGETHER WITH
The ORDERS and SIGNALS used in Embarking
and Debarking an Army, by Flat-bottom'd
Boats, &c.
AND
A PLACART to the CANADIANS.
To which are prefixed,
The DUTY of an ADJUTANT, and
QUARTER - MASTER, &c.
PHILADELPHIA:
Printed and Sold by ROBERT BELL, next Door to
St. Paul's Church, in Third-Street.
MDCCLXXVIII.




ACCOUNT
OF
GENERAL WOLFE.
MAJOR General James Wolfe, son of
lieutenant general Edward Wolfe, born at
Westerham in Kent 11th January 1726.
By nature formed for military greatness; his me-
mory retentive, his judgment deep, his compre-
hension amazingly quick and clear, his constitu-
tional courage not only uniform and daring, per-
haps to an extreme, but he possessed that higher
species of it, strength, steadiness, and activity of
mind, which no difficulties could obstruct nor
dangers deter. With an unusual liveliness, al-
most to an impetuosity of temper, not subject to
passion; with the greatest independence of spirit,
free from pride. Generous almost to profu-
sion, he contemned every little art for the acqui-
sition of wealth, whilst he searched after objects
for his benevolence; the deserving soldier never
went unrewarded. Inferior officers experienced
his friendly generosity. Constant and distinguish-
ing in his attachments, manly and unreserved,
yet gentle, kind, and conciliating in his manners,
he enjoyed a large share of the friendship, and al-
most the universal good-will of mankind; and,
to crown all, sincerity and candour, a true sense
of honour, justice, and public spirit, seemed the
inherent


4 ACCOUNT OF
inherent principles of his nature, and the uniform
tenor of his conduct.
He betook himself very early to the profession
of arms, and with such talents, joined to the most
unwearied assiduity, no wonder he was singled out
as a most rising military genius even so early as
the battle of La-seldt, when scarce twenty, he
exerted himself in so masterly a manner at a very
critical juncture, that he was promoted to be a
Major of Brigade, and got the highest encomiums
from the great officer then at the head of the
army. During the whole war he went on with-
out interruption forming the military character,
was present at every engagement, and never pas-
sed undistinguished. Even after the peace, whilst
others lolled in pleasure's downy lap, he culti-
vated the arts of war, and introduced (without
one act of inhumanity) such regularity and exact-
ness of discipline into his corps, that as long as
the six British battalions on the plains of Minden
are recorded in the annals of Europe, so long will
Kingsley's stand amongst the foremost of that day.
Of that regiment he continued lieutenant Colo-
nel, till the great minister who roused the sleeping
genius of his country called him into higher
spheres of action. He was early in the most
secret consultations for the attack of Rochfort;
and what he would have done there, and what
he afterward did at Louisbourg, are recent in
every memory.
He no sooner returned from thence than he
was appointed to command the important expe-
dition 


GENERAL WOLFE. 5
dition against Quebec: there his abilities shone in
their brightest lustre; in defiance of numberless
unforeseen difficulties, from the nature of the
situation, from the great superiority of numbers,
the strength of the place, and his bad state of
health, he persevered with unwearied diligence,
practising every stratagem of war to effect his
grand purposes: at last, alone in opinion, he
formed and executed that great, that dangerous,
yet necessary plan, which drew out the French to
their fatal defeat, and will for ever denominate
him the Conqueror of Canada. But there tears will
flow, there when, within the grasp of victory, he
first received a ball through his wrist, which imme-
diately wrapping up, he went on with the same
alacrity, animating his troops by precept and ex-
ample; but, in a few minutes after, a second fa-
tal bill through his body obliged him to be car-
ried off to a small distance in the rear, where
roused from fainting in his last agonies by the
sound of, "They run;" he eagerly asked,
"Who run?" and being told the French and
that they were defeated, he said, "Then I
thank God; I die contented;" and almost in-
stantly expired.
Sunday Nov. 17th, at seven in the morning,
his Majesty's ship Royal William (in which this
hero's corpse was brought from Quebec to Ports-
mouth) fired two signal guns for the removal of
his remains: at eight the body was lowered into
a twelve oar'd barge, towed by two twelve-oar'd
barges, and attended by twelve twelve-oar'd
barges


6 ACCOUNT OF
barges to the Point, in a train of gloomy silent
pomp, suitable to the melancholy occasion, grief
closing the lips of the barges crews, minute guns
firing from the ships at Spithead to the time of
landing at Portsmouth Point, the ceremony con-
tinuing one hour. The 41st regiment of foot
was ordered under arms before eight, and being
joined by a company of the royal regiment of ar-
tillery, marched from the parade to the bottom of
the Point to receive his remains. At nine the bo-
dy was landed and put into a hearse, attended by a
mourning coach, and proceeded through the garri-
son. The colours on the forts were struck half flag
staff, the bells muffled, rung in solemn concert
with the march, minute guns were fired on the
platform from the entrance of the corpse to the
end of the procession; the company of royal artil-
lery led the van, with arms reversed; the corpse
followed and the 41st regiment followed the
hearse, their arms reversed, they conducted the
body to the Land-Port Gates, where the artillery
opened to the right and left, and the hearse pro-
ceeded through them on their way to London.
Though many thousands assembled on this occa-
sion not the least disturbance happened, nothing
was heard but the murmur of broken accents
in praise of the ever to be admired hero. At
night, on the 20th, his remains were deposited
in his family vault at Greenwich.
Adjutants 


ADJUTANTS DUTY. 7
Adjutants Duty of the British Foot.
ADJUTANTS are to see all detachments
before they be sent to the parade; that their
arms be clean, their ammunition, accoutrements,
&c. in good order, and that a serjeant be sent
with them to the parade.
That they always choose three or four good
serjeants that can write well, to wait orderly,
and, if occasion happens, to carry verbal mes-
sages.
That they keep an exact journal of the duty of
every one in their respective regiments; viz. all
detachments, all sick, gone to or returned from
the hospital, deserted, dead, entertained from
year to year, discharged, or absent by leave; and
that they give in a weekly return every Friday
morning to the major of brigade in the usual me-
thod, to be given to the general of foot on Satur-
day morning.
That they always take care to send their sick to
the hospital, and take measures for carrying the
arms and accoutrements of the sick.
That all the adjutants of the British corps
keep an exact list of duty with the majors of
brigade; that they may see justice performed,
and be able to tell every body when they are near
duty, in order to keep in camp, and provide
accordingly.
That all adjutants keep constantly to all the
rules and forms of discipline and exercise, now
used


8 ADJUTANTS DUTY.
used in the British Foot, and on no pretence
whatever to change or let fall any of the said cus-
toms till farther orders.
That when any detachment is sent our, a ser-
jeant be sent with any number above ten, and a
subaltern with any number above twenty. A
serjeant may command to twenty, and a subaltern
to thirty; and as the number of men doubles, to
double the officers. A captain may command
from fifty to an hundred. One captain, three
subalterns, five serjeants, one hundred men; and
so in proportion to greater numbers.
Orders for the Quarter-masters of the British Foot.
A quarter-master of a regiment should be an
honest careful man, exact at his pen, and a good
accomptant; very well skilled in the detail of a
regiment, and ought constantly to know every
individual circumstance of a regiment, as to duty
and finances.
In garrison, he is always to be employed in
seeing the quarters kept clean, and receive all
things belonging to the vivres and hospital; pro-
vide all the camp equipage, and on all distribu-
tions of carriages, provisions, materials for work,
to receive and distribute according to order, keep
exact accounts, and return what is necessary or
ordered, that the regiment may not be answerable
for what is missing. That he be very careful in
inspecting the bread and provisions, that no un-
wholsome food be received; and take care that
deliveries


ORDERS in the CAMP. 9
deliveries be made in just time. And whereas
there are a great many things belonging to this
employ which cannot be recited here, and that
happen without rule, antient custom, and the
custom of war, must be followed.
Orders for British Foot in Camp.
That all commanding officers, especially the
majors of each battalion, take care that good
communications be made on each flank; that
grand divisions may march, if necessary; and
that the camp be always kept clean, by making
houses of office often; and have sentinels, that
none may ease themselves any-where else.
That all sutlers, butchers, &c, take care to
bury all their garbage and filth; and not to fell
any thing after nine at night, on pain of being
punished, as the major or adjutant shall think fit.
That no tents or huts be permitted in the
front, or kitchens, or any thing but the quarter
guard and houses of office, which are to be at
least one hundred paces in the front of the quarter
guard.
That no sutler offer to harbour any body in
the regiment without the major's knowledge;
who is to be very strict in examining what they
are, and from whence they came, and have good
security for their honesty.
That the major visits the sutlers very often;
and not suffer any unwholsome provisions or li-
B quor


10 ORDERS in the CAMP.
quor to be sold, or bad weights and measures
used. In case he finds any, to acquaint the pro-
vost-general, who is to put the law in execution
against them.
That no gaming be allowed any where but at
the quarter guard.
That no soldier stirs out of Camp without his
officer's leave; and none all night, but by the
commanding officer's: the rolls to be called three
times a day, and the absent punished.
That when any general officer comes to the
head of the line, and the regiment under arms,
all officers take their spontoons, and stand to their
post.
That every night, at retreat beating, the pic-
quet draw out at the head of the colours three
deep, and there go through all the manual exer-
cise, and then be dimissed.
That the captain of the picquet order a patrole
to go constantly every night, to put out all lights
in sutlers tents, and suffer no noise to disturb any
body, in the rear or any where else.
That all officers, when they are relieved from
any post in the camp, or out post, keep their
men together, and march them to the corps they
belong to, and then dismiss them; and that they
do not suffer the men to straggle, or offer to
come off without their men with them.
That all officers march their men to the gene-
ral parade in all the accustomed formalities, and
draw them up in their rank, and keep their
spontoons


ORDERS in the CAMP. 11
spontoons in their hands: they ground their arms,
if so required
That all officers under the rank of a brigadier
encamp with their regiments, except there be an
house near the regiment, not marked by the
quarter master-general; in such case, the colo-
nel, or officer commanding the regiment, may
take the said house.
That the quarter guard turn out, and give the
respective generals the honours due to them.
Orders for the British Foot on the Day of March.
That no reveille beats the day the army is to
march, except ordered on purpose.
That so soon as a general beats, all officers and
soldiers dress themselves, and prepare for a march.
That when the assembly beats, to strike and
pack up all the tents, load all the baggage, call
in the quarter and rear guards, and to stand to
their arms in the streets.
That at the hour appointed for marching, all
the dummers beat a march at the head of the
line, and the minute they have done, all are to
form and complete ; and when over, the drum
is to beat either on the right or left, where the
march begins : all are to wheel, and begin the
march at the same time.
That all officers march in their posts ; and that
no serjeant or solider stir out of his rank and file.
That great care be taken to keep silence ; and
not


12 ORDERS on the MARCH.
not to have large intervals in the divisions, or
large distance in the ranks.
That all colonels and commanding officers see
their regiments encamped before they quit them :
and all captains and subalterns to see their men
be encamped before they pitch their own tents.
That all Brigadiers see their brigades into camp.
That when a regiment sends for straw, wood,
or forage, there be an officer sent with them,
which is generally the regimental quarter-master,
to keep the men from plundering or committing
any disorders, and lead them back to their regi-
ments ; and if there be danger, to send a suffi-
cient guard with them.
That in case the commander in chief meets
the army on the march, in order to see the march,
all officers to alight, and see the men march
in good order, and salute him ; but not to salute,
the general of the foot, on the march, but to
alight, and take their spontoons.
That so soon as the regiments come to the
line, all the officers alight and march in order.
GENERAL 


GENERAL WOLFE's
INSTRUCTIONS.
WHEN a young gentleman betakes himself
to the profession of arms, he should se-
riously reflect upon the nature and duties
of the way of life he has entered into, and con-
sider, that it is not as the generality of people
vainly imagine, learning a little of the exercise,
saluting gracefully, firing his platoon in his turn,
mounting a few guards (carelesly enough) and fi-
nally, exposing his person bravely in the day of
battle ; which will deservedly, and in the opinion
of judges, acquire him the character of a good
officer : no, he must learn chearfully to obey his
superiors, and that their orders and his own be
punctually executed.
As there must of necessity be in a new batta-
lion many young and uninformed officers, I shall,
as briefly as I am capable, inform them what I
think their duty, and what consequently is ex-
pected from them.
They are, without loss of time, to make them-
selves perfect masters of the exercise of the fire-
lock, that they may be able to assist in training
the young soldiers in arms.
They are constantly to be present at roll-call-
ing ; and so soon as they can make themselves ac-
quainted with the names and persons of the men
of the companies they belong to ; and so soon as
possible with their characters, that they may
know


14 GENERAL WOLFE's
know the proper subjects to encourage, and point
cut as examples, as well those also whom it will
be necessary to keep a strict hand over.
They are to observe that the men are dressed
in a soldier like manner, and comformable to the
orders of the regiment.
They are to get exact lists of the mens necessa-
ries, and as well as the captains, of the arms,
accoutrements, and stores.
They under the captains are to be answerable
that the proportion of the soldiers pay, ordered
by the commanding officer (viz) two shillings
and fourpence per week, be laid out in good
and wholsome provisions.
They are to visit their companies quarters at
least thrice a week, see that they are kept clean,
well aired, and beds made ; and that if the land-
lords have any just cause of complaint against the
soldiers, or the soldiers against the landlords, the
aggrieved may, by application through the pro-
per channel, find redress.
They should frequently chuse the hour of the
soldiers dining for their visitation, that they may
judge whether their victuals are comfortably
corked; they should particularly at that hour
inspect the quarters of those men who are billeted
upon houses of the lowest class, as they are most
likely to be prevailed upon, by the disobedient
soldier, to give him liquor for his meat.
They must now-and-then occasionally go
round the quarters between nine and eleven at
night, 


INSTRUCTIONS. 15
night, to see that the men keep regular hours,
conformable to orders, not always trusting to the
reports of serjeants.
A young officer should never think he does
too much ; they are to attend the looks of the
men, and if any are thinner or paler than usual,
the reasons of their falling off may be enquired
into, and proper means used to restore them to
their former vigour.
GENERAL ORDERS.
SCOTLAND, December 22, 1748.
UPON your arrival at the quarters allotted to
the regiment under your command, you
are, upon application from the excise or custom-
house officer, to be assistant to them with what
parties they may want, either to seize run goods,
or to prevent an illicit trade being carried on, so
prejudicial to his majesty's revenue and the fair
trader.
As several disaffected and suspected persons are
in the neighbourhood of your quarters, you are,
so far as you are able, to enquire them out, and
keep a watchful eye over all their motions, and
if you should have reason to suspect that they are
carrying on any designs against his, majesty's per-
son or government, you are, according to the
urgency of the affair, to acquaint me with the
particulars you may be able to learn, either by
express or the post.
As 


16 GENERAL WOLFE's
As there are still several attainted and excepted
persons lurking up and down the country, you
ae, upon the notice of any such person or per-
sons being in your neighbourhood, to apply to
the civil magistrate or next justice of the peace,
for a warrant to apprehend him or them, and, if
occasion requires, to be assistant to them in the
execution of such warrant ; or if there should
appear to you a likelihood of their making their
escape by prolonging the time in applying to a
justice of peace to apprehend them, or in case
the civil magistrate should refuse to grant such a
warrant, you are in either of these cases to seize
them by military force, and secure them till
they can be carried before the next justice of
peace, to be by him committed to the nearest
secure prison, in order to their being punished
as the law directs.
As the spirit of jacobitism and disaffection is
kept alive by popish priests and nonjuring mini-
sters, and as these people are originally and prin-
cipally the cause of all the evil proceeding there-
from, you are to be very alert on enquiring them
out, and when you shall ever find any of them
associating to more than the number prescribed
by act of parliament, immediately seize them,
procure proof of their having so associated, and
carry them before the civil magistrate, or next
justice of the peace, in order to their being com-
mitted to prison, and suffering as the act directs.
But as a certain number of days are allowed to
such 


INSTRUCTIONS. 17
such popish priests and nonjuring ministers, in
order to their informing against them, you must
not meddle with them till after the expiration of
the term allowed them by the act ; when, if
they should not have informed, they too are lia-
ble to the penalty of the act, and consequently
you are to secure them, and carry them before
the civil magistrate, &c.
As the disarming act was this summer carried
into execution, I send you herewith the acts of
parliament relating hereto, that you may know
more particularly the intent and meaning of the
same ; and when you shall find any person car-
rying arms who is not qualified by law, or by a
warrant granted by me so to do, you are imme-
diately to seize him and carry him before the civil
magistrate.
In the execution of all or any of the above or-
ders, or any which you may hereafter receive,
you are to take care no person be injured either
in his person or property, on pain of the severest
penalties the civil or military law can inflict on
the person offending.
You are from time to time to let me know
what you shall do in consequence of the above
orders, and to transmit to me regularly the
monthly returns of the regiment under your
command, so as to be here by the 28th day of
each month.
By the act passed last session of parliament,
the time for the general abolishing the highland
C dress


18 GENERAL WOLFE's
dress is enlarged to the 1st day of Augut 1749.
But that the  wearing and use of such parts
thereof as are called the plaid, philibeg, or little
kilt, is absolutely prohibited and abolished from
and after the 25th day of this instant December,
and as to these particulars the law takes place
from that day.
His grace the duke of Newcastle his therefore
signified to his majesty's commands, that the
same be punctually observed throughout the high-
lands, and that I should give orders to all the
troops quartered in those parts to be particularly
attentive to this service, and to take all due care
that the act be punctually executed and ob-
served, and the offenders brought to punishment
according to law.
In obedience to these his majesty's commands,
you are to seize all such persons as shall be found
offending herein, by wearing the plaid, philibeg,
or little kilt, and carry them before a civil magi-
strate in the same dress, that he may be convinced
with his own eyes of their having offended, in
order to their being punished for the same ac-
cording to law ; in the performance of which,
let no insult or abuse be offered to the person, or
persons of those who shall be so taken up and
carried before the civil power, who are solely
authorized to inflict the punishment as the act
directs ; but in case the magistrate before whom
such offenders are carried shall refuse or neglect
putting the law in execution, in that case let me
know immediately the name of such magistrate,
with 


INSTRUCTIONS. 19
with the reason of his not doing it, that I may
acquaint the duke of Newcastle with it, who
will no doubt send immediately orders to the
lord advocate of this country to prosecute him
to the utmost for this contempt of the said act
by not putting it in execution.
That the people in the highlands might have
no excuse by pleading ignorance, the lord chief
justice Clerk wrote to the sheriffs depute of the
highland counties, ordering them to give notice
at every parish church, that they must quit the
plaid, philibeg or little Kils, on Christmas day, as
the act directs, otherwise they would be carried
before the civil magistrate and punished for it
accordingly.
I must likewise desire you will let me know
from time to time what obedience the people pay
to this act, for they must and shall obey it, with
the names of those magistrates who are industri-
ous in putting the law, in execution, that I may
take an opportunity of thanking them for per-
forming their duty, and acquainting the Duke
of Newcastle with it.
You may acquaint the magistrates and justices
of the peace in your neighbourhood with the
contents of this letter, since it may be the means
of inciting them the more readily to perform their
duty.
P.S. Let a copy of this be sent to the officers
commanding the several detachments of your
regiment respectively.
MAJOR. 


20 GENERAL WOLFE's
MAJOR WOLFE's ORDERS,
AT STIRLING.
Feb. 12, 1748-9.-The major recommends
very particularly to the men to keep their quar-
ters clean, as he is convinced that nothing con-
duces more to their health ; the serjeants and
corporals will in visiting the quarters daily give the
necessary attention to this article, that when the
major, or any of the officers, inspect those quar-
ters they may be found in proper order.
17.-The serjeants are always to wear their
swords ; they are not to put on great coats be-
tween troop-beating and tattoo, unless the wea-
ther should be remarkably bad : the corporals are
never to be seen without their side-arms on.
19 - In order to prevent all future attempts to-
wards passing any false money, the sentence of
the court-martial to be put in execution against
Samuel Hodgkinson, and Watkins the drummer.
The major hopes it will effectually deter all men
from such infamous and villainous practices ; and
he is determined to discourage as much as pos-
sible every act of knavery that may tend in the
least to the discredit of the corps.
No soldiers is to leave his guard during the 24
hours he is upon duty, without his officer's con-
sent, as that and every other negligence, where
the service is concerned, will be punished with
rigour.
Every


INSTRUCTIONS. 21
Every captain or commanding officer of a com-
pany is to appoint a place of parade for his com-
pany, where they are to be seen every morning
at roll-calling by one of the officers, and from
whence the corporals are to march the men for
guard to the parade of the regiment. The ma-
jor is to be acquainted in writing with the place
each captain fixes for his company.
24.-The soldiers are to avoid all kind of dis-
putes with the inhabitants ; and if at any time
there should happen any tumult or riot, they are
by no means to mix with the people of the town,
or to be concerned with them. The officer of
the guard is to order a detachment to seize any
men who disobey these orders, and to make them
prisoners ; and the serjeants and corporals are re-
quired to prevent so much as depends upon them,
all quarrels and disturbances. It is likewise or-
dered there be not the least subject of complaint
in any of the quarters.
25.-No soldier to go from his billet without
leave, or by an order of the commanding officer
of the company : any of the quarters that are
found upon examination not fit for soldiers to
continue in, shall be changed, and such officer
who visited is to send in the names of such places
to the quarter-master.
March 2.- Every subaltern officer of a com-
pany is to go round the quarters of his company
at least once a week, and to see they are kept
clean and the order obeyed.
6.- When the collector of the customs, or
any 


22 GENERAL WOLFE's
any of the officers of the revenue, apply to the
officer upon duty to assist them, be is immedi-
ately to furnish a detachment, not exceeding a
serjeant and 12 men, and make a report of it to
the major, or whoever commmands the regiment,
as soon as possible.
7. - No men are allowed to work without the
particular leave or recommendation of their cap-
tains or commanding officers, and their names
to be given in writing to the major.
No working man is exempt from the reviews,
nor is any man to be seen in the streets with a
leather apron on, or other mark of his profession,
and his regemental coat on ; whatever officer
meets a man so offending is desired to confine
him.
No serjeant, corporal, drummer, or private
man, on any pretence whatsoever, sickness ex-
cepted, is to appear in the streets with a hand-
kerchief about his neck.
9.- When soldiers walk in the country, they
are not to break down either dykes or hedges,
nor do any mischief whatsoever.
When ever any thing happens extraordinary
in a company that should be reported, one of
the officers is either to acquaint the major or
commanding officer, or send his report of it in
writing.
Every centry who is negligent on his post, or
disobeys any orders he shall have received, will
be severely whipped ; and if it can at any time
be proved that a centry upon his post receives a
bribe 


INSTRUCTIONS. 23
bribe of whatever kind, whether money or drink,
that may conduce him to do any thing contrary
to his orders, or in any shape betray the trust put
in him, shall be punished without mercy.
27.- When the subaltern officers have visited
the companies quarters, they are to report to the
captians, and if any thing is wrong, the captains
are desired to make it known to the major.
The captains are likewise desired to enquire
into the manner of the soldiers messing, and give
orders that a sufficient part of their pay be laid
out to provide victuals, and to appoint serjeants
and corporals over the different squads that these
orders be obeyed.
GLASGOW.
April 3 - When any body of armed men are
marched through the town, they are to keep si-
lence and observe order in their march.
8.-It is positively ordered, that no soldier
without the consent of his officer presume to
purchase or change his linen or necessaries with
another soldier on any pretence whatsoever.
9 - Any serjeant upon guard that suffers a
prisoner to get drunk shall be brought to a court-
martial ; and if ever prisoners shall be brought
in that condition to their trial, the court martial
are desired to enquire whether the serjeant or
centry is in fault, and punish the offender. All
the officers are to examine every return brought
to them with the greatest care, that they may
not sign an improper one by mistake. The 


24 GENERAL WOLFE's
The prisoners that are sent to the black-hold
are to be allowed nothing but bread and water
during their confinement, and any serjeant or
centry that suffers the disobedience of these or-
ders, shall be confined and punished.- The ser-
jeant of the guard to have two pence per day to
provide them in bread and water, and the rest
of their pay to be stopt by the companies to pro-
vide necessaries.
When the officers go round the quarters they
are to observe the condition of the sick men, and
if any thing is wanting, or that they are not kept
clean, proper directions are to be given.
All discharges, furloughs, or passes, are to be
made out by serjeants of companies, and no mo-
ney is ever to be demanded on that account. The
made in each compapany that have liberty to work,
and to be absent from roll-calling, are to attend
the orderly serjeant of the company every evening,
to know if there is any orders relating to them.
May 25.- The corporals to be very careful to
warn the men for exercise ; and all other duties
and the first man that absents himself, either
from exercise or a review, shall immediately be
tried and whipt at the head of the company he
belongs to ; and any corporal who neglects to
warn the men when he received the orders for
that purpose shall be broke : no excuse will be
allowed for any who transgress this order.
Two captains, 6 subalterns, 6 serjeants, 6 cor-
porals, and 300 men of the regiment are ordered
to work upon the roads from the pass of Lancey
to 


INSTRUCTIONS. 25
to the head of Lochern, and to march from
Glasgow the 5th of June, by his royal highness
the Duke's orders, given at the camp at Hellenrit,
the 25th of April 1748. The tour of all duties,
whether with or without arms, shall be taken
from the eldest downwards. All paviors, car-
penters, smiths, miners, and bricklayers, to be
sent upon this service.
The men of these professions that have leave
to work are therefore to be called off, in order to
march with the detachment.
No recruits to be sent, and the awkward men
are not to go unless they happen to be of the
trades above-mentioned.
The major recommends to the captains and
commanding officers to provide a coarse shirt for
the men to work in, to preserve their better linen,
but no check shirts to be bought.
The quarter-master to give receipts for every
thing he receives: 12 men of the detachment are
to have arms and ammunition; they are to carry
their cartridge boxes only.
All the serjeants are to have their halberds,
and the corporals their firelocks, and ammunition
in their cartridge-boxes; all the rest of ammu-
nition to be taken in.
No man that is come lately out of the hospital
to be sent on the roads, nor none that are not in
perfect health.
June 1.- It has been observed, that soldiers
have been seen in the streets in the night, and
that they have behaved in a very irregular manner;
D the 


26 GENERAL WOLFE's
the major therefore positively forbids any man to
appear out of his quarters, without a written
leave from his officer, from half an hour after
tattoo is beat till the reveille; any man who
shall presume to disobey this order, and shall be
discovered, to be put the next morning into the
dungeon, and confined there for four days upon
bread and water.
The officers are desired to seize and confine any
soldier they meet in the streets contrary to this
order, that hereafter there may be no complaints
of disorders committed in the night.
The officer of the guard shall be answerable for
the men on duty with him. The major desires
none of the officers will oblige him by their be-
haviour to give out any orders that may relate
particularly to them; and hopes they will avoid
all quarrels and disputes with the inhabitants,
which must necessarily tend to their discredit and
create mischief; as may plainly be perceived from
what has already happened.
Subsistence to be sent for the detachment to
the 24th of June.
The lists of each company to be given in both
to the major and officer commanding the party,
with each man's particular trade mentioned.-
It is hoped that the order in relation to paviors,
carpenters, &c. has been as much as possible
obeyed. In the choice of these men for this du-
ty, what camp necessaries every man receives to
be carefully marked down by the serjeant or cor-
poral of his company, that the same may be re-
turned 


INSTRUCTIONS. 27
turned to the stores when they come back, or
others paid for, if any should be lost.
The captain who commands the detachment
for the roads, and the other officers, will take
care that the men be not imposed upon by the
sutlers, and punish those severely that are found
guilty of any frauds.
No officers are to do duty with arms but in
their regimentals, or in red or blue ; the officers
that go to the roads are to march in red clothes.
June 5. - The major observes the unsoldier-
like practice of not coming to the places of parade
and exercise still continues, notwithstanding the
orders he has already given to the contrary ; he
therefore desires the officers to imprison the first
who shall dare to disobey, that a necessary ex-
ample may be made.
Some soldiers of the most infamous characters
have lately deserted from the regiment, and pro-
per measures are taken to discover and ap-
prehend them ; the major gives notice that the
fisrt deserter that is catched will be tried by a ge-
neral court-martial, and may expect no pardon.
14. - The soldiers are not to fish in gentle-
mens ponds or lochs without permission, nor are
they to go above two miles into the country with-
out leave in writing from the officer command-
ing the company. Any soldier who shall take
his firelock out to shoot, or who shall be known
to use nets or snares for catching game, will be
punished very severely.
EDINBURGH 


28 GENERAL WOLFE's
EDINBURGH.
May 27, 1749. - Inclosed I send you by gene-
ral Churchill's orders, a route for the march of
three companies, six subalterns, &c. and 300
men from lord George Sackville's regiment under
your command, to work upon the roads from
the Pass of Lancey to the head of Lochern.
You have, annexed, orders and instructions
which you are strictly to observe.
It is recommended to send sober men on this
command, all disorderly men being to be ob-
jected against by major Caulfield, who is to have
the entire direction of this work.
Arms and accoutrements to be carried with
the party, for a serjeant, a corporal, and 12 men
only.
The command to be composod of an equal
number from each company in the regiment ;
and each man to receive from major Caulfield,
or his assistant, one peck of oatmeal per week,
which is to be accounted for to him out of the
money arising from the work.
Signed,
Thomas Ashe Lee,
major of Brigade.
Lord 


INSTRUCTIONS. 29
LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE's ORDERS.
GLASGOW.
July 7, 1749. - The soldiers who wait upon
officers are to mount guard and do duty when
ever their masters do; any corporal who neglects
warning them will be broke. It is hoped that
decency and a proper sense of their duty will for
the future prevail upon the officers to attend di-
vine service, that the commanding officer of the
regiment may not be obliged to order them to
march to church with their respective companies.
MAJOR WOLFE's ORDERS.
August 15.- The men are not to mount guard
in their accoutrements till further orders ; each
man is to keep his buff clean and the brasses
bright, that at all reviews, exercises, or other-
wise, they may appear well under arms.
17. - No soldier will obtain a furlough who
neglects applying to the commanding officer of
the company he belongs to ; nor will that or
any other indulgence be granted for the future
but at the officer's request.
A serjeant or corporal commanding a detach-
ment upon any kind of duty is to be answerable
for the behaviour of his men ; or if he neglects
to confine or punish such as are guilty of crimes
or endeavours to conceal them, he himself will
be punished for suffering such irregularities.
The


30 GENERAL WOLFE's
The orderly corporal of each company is to
make a report in writing every morning before
the guard mounts, to his captain or commanding
officer, of the mens names that are to mount
guard, the men sick in the hospital or in their
quarters, and of any thing else that is proper to
be reported ; this is to be the constant practice of
the regiment.
When a man returns to the regiment that had
leave of absence for any time, one of the officers
of that company is to acquaint the commanding
officer of the regiment and give him back his
furlough,
No non-commissioned officer is ever to change
any duty he may be ordered upon, without first
obtaining the consent of the officer commanding
the company the belongs to, and afterwards
the consent of the commanding officer of
the regiment ; nor is any soldier to change
his duty but with his officer's approbation.
The soldiers that have leave to reap are to
make up the duty they have missed to their com-
panies.
Any soldier that presumes to marry clandest-
inely, wanting creditable witnesses, and shall
neglect the publick ceremonies of the church, or
that shall not consult his officer before his mar-
riage, that the woman's character may be en-
quired into, every such offender will be punished
with rigour.
Soldiers that contract debts on any pretence
whatsoeve will be punished.
No 


INSTRUCTIONS. 31
No serjeant, corporal, drummer, or private
man of any company, is to wear any other than
his regimental coat, waistcoat, and breeches,
without the leave of his commanding officer.
October 4. - It is ordered, that upon no ac-
count whatever any future indulgence be given
to such of the working men as have misbehaved,
contracted debts, or appeared dirty and slovenly;
and they are strictly forbid hereafter to work un-
der severe penalties.
The allowance to a serjeant for small mount-
ing is 13 s. at 2 s. a yard is 7 s. and the shoes 3 s.
6d. the ballance to those that received shoes 2s.
6d. and those that did not are to be paid 6s. The
allowance for small mounting to a corporal or
drummer, and private man, is 8s. their shirts at
1s. 4d. per yard is 4s. 8d. shoes 3s. 6d. total 8s.
2d. For every man that has been clothed the
captain or commanding officer is to pay 2d. to
the paymaster, and charge it to the soldiers.
The camp necessaries that are wanting of what
was delivered to each company when they
marched to the roads is to be made good, except
such as the officers can certify to have been worn
out in the service, the rest is to be paid for by
the men that lost them.
The officer upon duty is to be very exact in
sending out the patroles to prevent disturbances,
and seize such soldiers as dare to disobey the orders.
The major expects to see the men sober ; and
it is his orders, that they parade without noise,
and in a soidier-like manner.
PERTH.


32 GENERAL WOLFE's
PERTH.
Oct. 27, 1749. - All the detachments are to
report to the commanding officer at Perth once a
fort-night, and with their first report they are to
send a copy of their orders they receive from
the commissioned and non-commissioned officers
they relieve. - It is to be a standing order in the
regiment, that when pay is ordered for parties,
the money is to be given to the officer that com-
mands. Watch-coats are to be delivered to the
serjeant of the guard for all centries; they are to
be worn from the retreat to troop-beating in the
morning only.
Nov. 10. - The king has been pleased to ap-
point the right honourable lord viscount Bury to
be colonel of this regiment, in the room of the
right honourable lord George Sackville promoted.
Returns of arms and accoutrements to be pre-
pared according to the form in the adjutant's
hands; all the bad arms, accoutrements, and
cartridge boxes, are to be brought to the Green,
and laid at the head of each company, on mon-
day morning at the review. Every company is
likewise to give in a return of such accoutrements
and cartridge-boxes as have already been con-
demned by the major, and they are not to be
considered as in the regiment.
The guard to consist of one serjeant, two cor-
porals, one drummer, and 30 men : an officer
of the day to inspect ; he is to march off, relieve
the 


INSTRUCTIONS. 33
the guard, see the duty done, and make his re-
port: any serjeant in the officer's absence that
suffers neglect of duty will be broke.
16.- When a soldier obtains a furlough it is
to be registered in the company's book ; and
whatever soldier stays away longer than his leave
of absence, without just reason, that time he
has overstayed is to be specified in the book, that
such soldier may be refused a furlough upon any
future application. - The men are likewise to be
told that whoever makes an ill use of his officer's
indulgence may expect to be punished at his
return.
This week the men are to be paid their arrears
to the 24th of October inclusive, and for the fu-
ture they are to be cleared every muster.
The adjutant to mention the officer who is
the next for duty in the publick orders, and that
officer is not to go from the head quarters.
The officers are desired to observe the orders
that have been given for frequently visiting the
soldiers quarters, that they may be informed of
their behaviour, and know in what manner they
diet, and if the quarters are kept clean.
The serjeants and corporals are to give in an
account in writing to the commanding officers
of companies of the manner in which the different
squads mess, the number that eats together, the
houses where they diet, whether in their quarters
or out, specifying the persons names that enter-
tain such soldiers as do not eat in their quarters.
If any woman in the regiment has a venereal
E disorder, 


34 GENERAL WOLFE's
disorder, and does not immediately make it known
to the surgeon, she shall upon the first discovery
be drummed out of the regiment, and be impris-
oned in the Tolbooth if ever she returns to the
corps.
All soldiers that have the care of horses are to
be provided with frocks.
The officer of the day is to understand himself
upon duty in every respect relating to the service,
and is very narrowly to overlook the guard and
centries, and give orders for the patroles. The
letting a prisoner escape is a reproach to the dis-
cipline of the regiment, and implies a remissness
that cannot be too soon corrected.
When a prisoner is confined for theft he is to
be put in irons. The major observes, that the
worst and idlest soldiers are those that are most
frequently in venereal disorders, by which they
are incapable of serving, and their duty is done
by better men ; he therefore thinks they should
suffer for their intemperance ; and orders that 6s.
be paid for the cure of the pox, and 4s. for the
clap ; which sum of money is to be employed
in providing necessaries and conveniences for the
hospital; and when the surgeon declares the
man cured, the money is immediately to be
paid him by the company in order to its being
laid out for the common benefit of sick soldiers.
Jan. 1, 1750. - The soldiers may understand
from the severity of the punishment of last mon-
day and to-day, that a want of honesty and fide-
lity will be attended with the worst consequences
to 


INSTRUCTIONS. 35
to themselves, and that whoever acts the part of
a villain must expect all the rigour of the strictest
justice.
A lift to be given to-morrow at orderly time of
the number of women in the regiment that sell
liquor of any kind, with the streets they live in,
and by whose permission it is they sell such li-
quors, that proper measures may be taken to pre-
vent their contributing to the uncommon villainies
that have of late brought a reproach upon the
regiment.
No soldier's wife is to suttle or sell liquor with-
out the major's leave, on pain of imprisonment ;
and leave will only be obtained for such as are
particularly recommended by the captain or com-
manding officers of companies.
A serjeant or corporal who brings a soldier
drunk to the parade for duty, knowing him to
be so, is immediately to be imprisoned together
with the drunken soldier, in order to their being
both punished as so scandalous and unsoldier-like
practice deserves.
The recovering men of each company to be
brought every monday morning to the doctor,
that he may judge whether they are fit to do
duty or not.
No non-commissioned officer is to presume to
excuse any man from the review, exercise, or
other duty, with or without arms, or take upon
himself an authority that does not belong to him.
Letters have been sent to the major and other
officers of the regiment unsigned ; as this is a
mean


36 GENERAL WOLFE's
mean and underhand practice, it is possitively
forbid ; if any man is discovered to be the wri-
ter of one of these sort of letters hereafter, he will
be severely punished : the soldiers are to under-
stand at the same time, when they have just and
sufficient cause of complaint, they may address
themselves in person to their officers, who will
be ready to do them all manner of justice.
The companies are always to keep a copy of
their muster-rolls, that they may at any time be
referred to : the captain or commanding officers
are never to carry them away when they leave
their companies for any considerable time : the
same to be done with such returns as are neces-
sary to be preserved.
May 30.- No inhabitant of a town or other
person, not serving in the army or navy, is ever
to be received as a prisoner upon any guard, ex-
cept when committed by the civil power, or con-
fined for a capital crime as a present security ;
the officer or non-commissioned officer command-
ing a guard is to be answerable for any disobedi-
ence of this order.
The shameful drunkenness observed among
the men, on pay-days in particular, is thought in
a great measure to proceed from their not putting
in a proportion of their pay regularly into their
messes : the officers are to remember they have
been more than once required to be very exact in
this part of their duty, and that there is a stand-
ing order in the regiment for frequently visiting
the quarters and messes ; they are likewise desired
to 


INTRUCTIONS. 37
to consider that any neglect on their part brings
the men to disorders and crimes, and consequently
to punishment, which would be avoided by a
proper care of them, and watch upon their con-
duct.
Any non-commissioned officer who neglects
his squad, and suffers the men to have their arms,
accoutrements, or clothes dirty, and does not do
his utmost to prevent drunkenness, will be broke.
The recruits are to be taught all parts of their
duty with the utmost care : they are to be quar-
tered with good and honest soldiers, and by no
means suffered to associate with such as are of a
different character, and known to be infamous.
If any man of the party for the roads presumes
on any occasion, or for any cause whatever, to
shew the same sort of disposition to mutiny and
disobedience, as was observed in some soldiers of
the last year's detachment, particularly in the
castle of Stirling, captain Trapaud, and the
officers ordered to command them, are to make
an immediate and severe example of the offenders:
and when any man of the detachment commits
crimes of a high nature, or is remarkably idle,
he is to be sent prisoner to the regiment, with his
prosecution in writing signed by the commanding
officer.- It is recommended to the officers to be
very distinct in all their reports, and to keep all
their accounts with the utmost regularity, that
the difficulty and confusion of last year may be
avoided.
The 


38 GENERAL WOLFE's
The officers or non-commissioned officers com-
manding detachments are always to pay the ser-
ries they pass over, and give in their demands to
the paymaster so soon as it is convenient.
As the soldiers when accused of theft often al-
lege in their defence that they find the things by
accident, which they are charged of having stolen;
to prevent for the future all excuse of this kind,
it is positively ordered, that a soldier who finds
goods, money, or any thing else of even the most
inconsiderable value, do immediately shew the
same to one of the serjeants of the company,
whose duty it is to acquaint the officer, in order
to its being restored to the owner ; any man who
disobeys this order will be punished as a thief.
No man under pretence of his having been at
work is to appear dirty in the streets ; and such
as spoil their clothes, or in any shape disobey
orders, are to be refused the liberty of working.
If any officer of this regiment sees a non-com-
missioned officer, drummer, or private man of
any corps, in or near the quarters of the regi-
ment, the officers is to examine the passport, and
send that man to the commanding officer of the
regiment ; and if any non-commissioned officer
or private man of this regiment sees any man of
another corps in or near the quarters, he is to
conduct such person to the then commanding
officer.
All serjeants, corporals, drummers, and pri-
vate men, whether upon duty or furlough, are
always to address themselves to the commanding
officer, 


INSTRUCTIONS. 39
officer, acquainting him with the business they
are sent upon, and shewing him their passport
or furlough.
No recruit is to be excused from mounting
guard, nor allowed then to work in the intervals
of duty, till he has been a twelvemonth in the
regiment, and is thorougly acquainted with the
service.
If a serjeant or corporal of a guard allows any
thing to be carried into the black hole, besides
the bread and water as the order directs, the first
who dares to connive at a practice so positively
forbid, will be instantly broke; and any soldier
who attempts to carry in provisions to the priso-
ners shall be put into the dungeon in irons.
Any man that has ever been convicted of theft
is to be sent to work at lord Glenorchy's, nor
any that have been often tried by courts-martial,
unless there be a visible reform, left their beha-
vior bring a reproach upon the regiment.
It has been observed that the soldiers have of
late been employed in all sorts of dirty work,
such as carrying coals, filth, &c. in the streets,
and have been busy in the holds of several ships;
they likewise have condescended to clean the
kennels: the colonel is ashamed and surprized
to perceive that they are not below the meanest
piece of drudgery for the meanest consideration;
and since it is plain they have forgot what cha-
racter they are in, the colonel for their credit,
and the credit of the regiment, absolutely forbids
all kind of dirty work whatsoever, and he will
punish any offender with severity. The 


40 GENERAL WOLFE's
The colonel is very well pleased with the ap-
pearance of the men that are come from work,
and with their performance this summer at the
roads, and thanks the officers for the care they
have taken of them, their diligence and activity;
the sobriety and industry of the soldiers of that
detachment are very much for the credit of the
regiment, and must meet with general approba-
tion. The colonel recommends to the captains
and commanding officers of companies, to fur-
nish their soldiers with every necessary that is
wanting, and to advance such sums of money for
them or their families as they judge proper.
DUNDEE.
Oct. 4, 1750. - A centry having been knocked
down and wounded, the officers of the regiment
offer a reward of ten guineas to discover the per-
son concerned. The custom of sleeping upon
their posts, which some of the men have so
shamefully practised of late, will encourage these
attempts. The colonel takes this opportunity to
tell the soldiers, that he looks upon sleeping, or
any want of vigilance in the centry, to be the
highest breach of military discipline, and of the
most fatal and dangerous consequence; he there-
fore warns them all, that he is determined to
make a dreadful example of the first offender.
A centry is not to challenge before twelve at
night, after which hour till the reveille he is to
challenge all that passes; but at no time of night
is


INSTRUCTIONS. 41
is a centry to suffer himself to be assaulted with
impunity, or surprized upon his post.
The recruits and every young soldier are, when
centry, to be placed nearest the protection of the
main-guard.
It is to be a fixed order in the regiment, that
no serjeant of a company, is to take upon him
the debts of that company, nor otherwise to pay
the company than by issuing the money as he re-
ceives it from the captain or commanding officer.
At every payment of arrears an officer of a com-
pany to be present to see the accounts settled,
and the ballance due paid.
In case of tumult or disturbance the officer of
the day is immediately to take upon himself the
command of the guard.
The colonel is extremely well pleased with the
behaviour of the five companies since they came
to town, and hopes they will continue the same
regularity and sobriety, which they must be sure
is of advantage to themselves, creditable to the
regiment, and so useful to his majesty's service.
As the officers are determined to discourage and
punish every thing that is villainous and bad, so
they are likewise resolved to countenance and re-
ward such as distinguish themselves by a contrary
behaviour.
The colonel being informed that the soldiers
have got into a habit of gaming, insists on the
serjeants and corporals doing that effectual part of
their duty, so as to find them out, and put a stop
to that very bad practice ; the first that they dis-
F cover 


42 GENERAL WOLFE's
cover, they are to confine and they shall be
brought to a court martial, and very severely
punished.
If a serjeant or corporal, detached from the re-
giment on any duty whatsoever, shall return be-
fore he has executed it to the utmost of his abi-
lity, such serjeant or corporal may expect to be
broke the moment he joins the regiment.
The recruiting officers are to acquaint the lieu-
enant colonel in what manner the parties who
were sent with them upon that service behaved.
When the orderly corporal of any company
knows that any soldier of that company is taken
ill, he is to report him to the surgeon immediately,
and not wait till such sick soldier chuses to be re-
ported, which is sometimes the case; these delays
give time for the distemper to encrease before a
remedy can be applied, and endangers the man's
life: a corporal who disobeys this order will be
broke.
By lord Bury's regulation, a soldier that works
in his quarters, with his officers leave, pays six-
pence per week; but as those who work at gen-
tlemens houses and upon roads, at the request of
particular people, have more labour, and wear
out more necessaries than the others, they are only
to pay three-pence per week.
The money arising from this stoppage, after
paying the serjeant-major and quarter-master ser-
jeant, is to be applied for the relief of the sick,
in necessary expences for the hospital &c.
Whatever 


INSTRUCTIONS. 43
Whatever duty the soldiers are ordered upon,
it is to be done with alacrity and diligence.-
The officers are not to suffer any neglect or dis-
obedience either in the non-commissioned officers
or private men to go unpunished. - The magi-
strates of Aberdeen made a complaint of a rob-
bery, that is supposed to have been committed by
two soldiers of this regiment; the colonel was
in hopes that these practices were at an end, and
that the number of villains he has been forced to
whip out of the regiment, had given sufficient
warning, and removed the evil; but since there
are still some left, he desires they may be assured,
that he will contribute all in his power to hang
the first rascal that shall be found guilty of a
crime of this sort ; and such as are not delivered
over to the civil power may expect the severest
and most exemplary punishment that the martial
law can possibly inflict.
BAMFF.
1750. - The colonel thinks the soldiers cannot
better employ themselves in the intervals of duty
than in some sort of work, and would by all
means encourage labour and industry, as the best
way to preserve their healths, and enable them
to undergo fatigue whenever they shall be called
upon ; but he will not allow the men to be
engaged in any kind of dirty work, that may
spoil or dirty their cloathes ; nor will he upon
any account whatsoever, suffer a soldier to under-
take


44 GENERAL WOLFE's
take work of any sort, without the leave and ap-
probation of the officer commanding the compa-
ny. - The officers are very ready to grant any
thing that is reasonable, and consistent with the
discipline of the regiment, and therefore are to
to be consulted as the proper judges in this case.
If it appears at any time that a soldier neglects his
duty under arms, or otherwise, or seems to have
forgot any part of his military duty from constant
attention to his trade or work, such soldier is to
be kept close to his duty till he is again perfectly
acquainted with what he ought never to be igno-
rant of.
No recruit at exercise to be stopped more than
six pence per week : this to be a standing order.
The non-commissioned officers upon duty are
to give the recruits that mount guard with them
all the instructions that are necessary ; and the
lance corporals are not to suffer the least delay or
backwardness when they are called out to go
centry, or to patrole ; and in general it is to be
a constant rule, and the practice of the regiment,
to turn out readily and expeditiously, whatever
the duty be that the men are to be sent upon,
without the least hesitation or excuse ; and the
serjeants and corporals upon guard are to see the
exact execution of this order.
When court martials assemble all sort of order
and decency is to be observed. No officer to appear
as a member in a regimental court of judicature,
but in red cloaths and his sash on ; and the pre-
sident and gentlemen who compose such courts
cannot 


INTRUCTIONS. 45
cannot be too exact and circumstantial in their
enquiries, that the sentence may be given upon
sure ground, and with the strictest regard to
justice.
The centries are forbid to sing or whistle or
make any noise upon their posts, by talking loud
to one another, or otherwise, and particularly in
the night ; whoever disobeys this order will be
immediately relieved and imprisoned ; and it is
strictly ordered and required that the patroles and
reliefs march silently through the streets : a ser-
jeant or corporal who suffers his men to disobey
this order will be broke.
The lieutenant-colonel desires  that the captains
and officers commanding companie
duty, and best acquainted with all the branches
of it, that they may be promoted. The officers,
at their return, are to report the names of those
that they think superior to the rest, to the com-
manding officer of the regiment. By this means
the corps will be constantly furnished with good
non-commissioned officers, upon which the disci-
pline of it does in a great measure depend.
The officers are desired to discourage matri-
mony among the men as much as possible : the
service


46 GENERAL WOLFE's
service suffers by the multitude of women already
in the regiment.
Notwithstanding the orders that have been
given, that the soldiers should not concern them-
selves with the mobs of the place they happen to
be quartered in, the colonel is surprized to hear
that several of the men had the impudence to in-
sult some of the officers of justice, and to beat the
executioner. This is therefore ordering all the
officers, serjeants, and corporals of the regiment,
to apprehend every man who shall hereafter pre-
sume to mix in riots of this kind, otherwise than
as a spectator, that such offender may be brought
to trial and severely punished. The colonel is
likewise informed that some soldiers followed the
women, after they were released, into the coun-
try, and joined with the boys and idle vagabonds
of this place to treat the women with the utmost
inhumanity, to the great scandal and dishonour
of the corps ; he looks upon the behaviour of
those soldiers to be infamous in all respects ; and
commands that for the future, in a like case, the
non-commissioned officers take the shortest me-
thod they can desire, and the most effectual, to
put an immediate stop to such proceedings.
1752. - The court-martial has judged the
crime of Rigby the grenadier to be of to perni-
cious a nature that they have sentenced him to
receive 600 lashes. His youth and former good
behaviour are the only considerations that could
induce the lieutenant-colonel to on pardon him : but
if hereafter any serjeant or corporal is known to
receive


INSTRUCTIONS. 47
receive a bribe from a highlander, or from any
person whatever, found or known to transgress
the laws, and does not seize the person, or report
such transgression, he the non-commissioned offi-
cer, guilty of so heinous a crime, will be instantly
broke, and severely punished : and if any private
soldier ever takes money, or a reward of any
kind, that may lead him to betray his trust, such
soldier will be whipped without mercy. - And if
any serjeant or corporal, upon a patroling duty
in the highlands, or commanding a detachment
at a fixed post, shall make a false report of any
sort, either to the officer from whom he is de-
tached, or to the commander of the regiment, a
non-commissoned officer so offending will cer-
tainly be broke.
It is with great satisfaction that the lieutenant-
colonel has received reports from the captains
and officers commanding in the different canton-
ments of the general good behaviour of the com-
panies under their orders, of which he will not
fail to acquaint lord Bury when his lordship joins
the regiment; nor will he forget to mention
how much reason he has to be pleased with the
companies at Inverness. The soldiers must ob-
serve, that this sort of conduct is for their credit
and advantage, and they may be assured it is
highly agreable to his majesty, and quite con-
sistent with the nature of his government ;
whereas violence, robberies, thefts, and illegal
actions in the troops of the army, are directly
contrary to the king's just intentions, and are a
dishonour to his reign. The 


48 GENERAL WOLFE's
The lieutenant-colonel and officers do plainly
perceive that gaming is the source of a great deal
of mischief ; and therefore they are desirous to
put an effectual stop to it : the centries are once
more ordered not to suffer it near their posts, and
the serjeants and corporals are required to visit
and examine such houses and places of resort as
are most to be suspected, at any hour of the day
or night that they judge convenient, and to look
through the quarters of the soldiers that they
believe to be addicted to play.
The lieutenant-colonel is informed that several
soldiers have been married in this town in a clan-
destine and illegal manner: this practice is con-
trary to all order and discipline, and deserves an
exemplary punishment, as well from the civil
magistrates as from the military ; the first soldier
who shall disobey the repeated orders that have
been given upon this subject, and shall presume
to marry in this infamous manner, and without
his officer's knowledge, must expect to be pro-
ceeded against with the utmost rigour. The
lieutenant-colonel further recommends to the
soldiers not to marry at all ; the long march and
embarkation that will soon follow, must con-
vince them that many women in the regiment
are very inconvenient, especially as some of them
are not so industrious, nor so useful to their
husbands, as a soldier's wife ought to be.
DOVER 


INSTRUCTIONS. 49
DOVER CASTLE.
Dec. 23. 1753. - The lieutenant-colonel has
had complaints from the people in the neigh-
bourhood of this castle against some women of
loose disorderly conduct, supposed to belong to
the garrison ; which however is not true. - The
colonel is like wise informed that the soldiers
have in an open, indecent manner frequented
these same women, to the great dishonour not
only of the corps they belong to, but to man-
kind in general: he therefore desires they may
be informed, that he considers this sort of com-
merce with the sex as the last and most dange-
rous degree of brutality, ignominy, and vice ;
and that he cannot but entertain an exceeding
contemptible opinion of those who have been
concerned in it. These women, encouraged by
the soldiers, have done mischief hereabouts to the
farmers : the soldiers will therefore for the fu-
ture be looked upon as the abettors of these aban-
doned, infamous persons, and will be account-
able in some measure for their ill deeds, and
punished accordingly.
Hazle, of capt. Maxwell's company, is not
hereafter to be suffered to go without the castle
gates ; the lieutenant-colonel does not mean by
this to prevent his deserting, but to punish him
for his insolence : but he desires that Hazle, and
Findass the grenadier, who has already been con-
demned for treason, may know, as well as all
G those 


50 GENERAL WOLFE's
those who have been in the service of France, or
desire to be there, that he sets no sort of value or
estimation upon them, and that he had much ra-
ther they were in the Irish brigades than in the
army of Great Britain ; but if ever he hears that
any deserter shall dare hereafter to threaten to de-
sert, he'll be immediately whipped out of the
regiment, with every mark of infamy, contempt,
and disgrace, as unworthy to continue in it, and
as a fit recruit for the rebel battalions, hired by
the French to serve against their country.
As there is reason to believe that recruits are
embarked at Dover Castle for the French army,
and that deserters from our troops escape in the
same vessels, any soldier of the regiment who can
make discovery of such recruits, or apprehend
any of these deserters, shall be rewarded over and
above the allowance granted by act of parliament :
the soldiers that lie in town have the finest oppor-
tunity for these sort of discoveries ; and the lieu-
tenant-colonel desires they may be informed, that
diligence and prudence in this matter will be
very agreeable to him, and advantageous to
themselves.
His Royal Highness the Duke when he re-
viewed the regiment at Reading was pleased to
express his approbation of several parts of the dis-
cipline of it ; such as the manner of carrying the
arms, of levelling, of marching, and of wheel-
ing, and in particular of the silence and obedience
that he observed, and ready compliance with or-
ders, without the confusion sometimes perceived
in 


INSTRUCTIONS. 51
in the execution of things that seem new ; but
his Royal Highness thought that general Pulte-
teney's Regiment fired their platoons and subdi-
visions quicker than we did, wherefore lord Bury
has commanded that we practise the same platoon
exercise that they do ; for to the difference be-
tween their platoon exercise and ours, his lord-
ship ascribes their superiority in this point ; and as
his lordship is very desirous that no regiment should
exceed his own in the performance of every part of
their duty, and in matters of discipline, he de-
sires we may begin to practise this platoon exer-
cise as early as possible.
1754. - It is observed that some of the men
make it a constant practice to get drunk every pay
day, or whenever they have any money, and that
quarrels and riots are the ordinary consequences
of this shameful and brutal excels ; these men are
therefore to be informed, that some moderation
in their drink would be more becoming, and that
they may entertain themselves without proceed-
ing to such extravagant lengths, by which the
number of prisoners are every day augmented,
their healths impaired, and their clothes spoiled,
besides violence and insolence, the inseparable
companions of drunkenness : they may be further
told, that no trust or confidence can be put in
men that have so little command of themselves ;
because it is believed if duty and brandy were put
into composition, the liquor would be likely to
prevail : several examples of men that have left
their guards and posts to drink, but too plainly
confirms this opinion : hereafter those profest
drunkards


52 GENERAL WOLFE's
drunkards are to expect no manner of favour of
indulgence, nor will they be considered as persons
to be depended upon in times of danger and ser-
vice; and of course recommendations and other
marks of their officers esteem and protection will
be refused them, The officers will take care
that the men be acquainted with all orders that
concern them, without which it is to no purpose
to give them.
The lieutenant-colonel hopes that what the
men have heard and seen upon the occasion (of
the execution of a deserter) will make such im-
pressions upon them as it ought to do ; and that
they will be prevailed upon by the melancholy
example before them, and by the excellent dis-
course and exhortation of the minister, both yes-
terday and this day, to set some bounds to their
excesses and debauchery, and thereby avoid the
cause of every crime, and the punishment that
must necessarily follow.
It has been observed, that some soldiers go out
of these barracks with a full resolution to get
drunk, and have even the impudence to declare
their intentions, and that such soldiers use inso-
lent and disrespectful language to the serjeants
and corporals, pleading drunkenness and stupidity
in excuse ; these men may therefore be informed,
that the first of them who shall take upon him,
whether drunk of sober, to insult a non-commis-
sioned officer, either in the barracks or upon
duy, shall be put into the dungeon in irons till
he be sufficientiy convinced that modesty, so-
briety, 


INSTRUCTIONS. 53
briety, and obedience become the character of a
soldier.
Jan. 31, 1755. As it is highly probable, by
the preparations actually making in France and
in England, that a war is at hand, and as it is
likely that the earl or Albemarle's regiment may
be employed this summer on board the fleet, the
lieutenant-colonel therefore desires that the sol-
diers (particularly the young ones) may be ac-
quainted, that whoever shall desert for the time
to come, will be considered by him, and by all
the officers of the regiment, as a coward and a
traitor, and will, if taken, be proceeded against
as such, and condemned without mercy ; but
the lieutenant colonel rather hopes, that the sol-
diers will be glad of an opportunity to signalize
themselves in his Majesty's service, and to give
proof of their courage and fidelity ; not doubt-
ing but the battalion (whatever duty it may
be ordered upon) will fully answer his Royal
Highness the Dukes expectations, and confirm
the good opinion he has been pleased to entertain
of the regiment. The utmost care to be taken
in disciplining the young men ; and the officers
of companies are to use their best diligence in
preparing them for service, as far as depends up-
on them : they are to be taught to fire at marks
at different distances, and in different situations ;
to be fully instructed in the use of their bayonet ;
and not to be put into the ranks till they are
compleat in the material exercise of a soldier. The
officers will likewise take particular care that the
recruits 


54 GENERAL WOLFE's
recruits be regularly fed, and properly provided
with necessaries, strictly observing former orders
relating to the stoppages ; and they are to look to
their behaviour and manner of living, and to the
company they keep, that a proper remedy may
be applied in time when any thing is found amiss.
One of the subaltern officers to be constantly
with the recruits when they exercise, to see they
are properly instructed ; and he is to make his
report to the commanding officer in town every
day after it is over.
Whatever the size of the recruit may be, he is
to fire, kneeling and standing, to the front, to
the rear, and obliquely, and from one rank to six
deep ; but this is not to be done till they are ac-
quainted with the ordinary parts of their exer-
cise, and either by an officer, the adjutant, or
serjeant-major.
When the weather is mild, the companies are
to be often under arms (either all together, or by
detachments, as the commanding officer shall
order) to practise the platoon exercise in diffe-
rent shapes ; to be taught to march, with a quick
step, for particular occasions ; and to attack or
defend themselves with their bayonets in different
orders, and as variety of circumstances may re-
quire.
When the companies come under arms to
practise the platoon exercise, they are always to
have pieces of wood instead of flints, that their
practice may come the nearer to their business,
and be more familiar to them. As the alternate
fire 


INSTRUCTIONS. 55
fire by platoons or divisions, or by companies, is
the most simple, plain, and easy, and used by
the best disciplined troops in Europe, we are at
all times to imitate them in that respect, making
every platoon receive the word of command, to
make ready and fire from the officer who com-
mands it ; because in battle the fire of the artil-
lery and infantry may render it difficult to use
any general signals by beat of drum : but how-
ever, we are in other respects to conform to the
established discipline, and to practise all those
things that are required at the reviews, to which
the knowledge of other matters will be no hin-
drance.
The commanding officer observes with con-
cern, that several soldiers have lately been con-
fined for quitting their guard without leave ; and
from his having accidentally made some disco-
veries himself, he concludes it is a crime that is
often Committed, to the great prejudice of the
good order and discipline for which the regi-
ment is remarkable. He therefore orders that
the prisoner Roulston be put in irons and con-
fined in the dungeon ; and that the serjeant of the
guard be desired to call the roll more frequently,
and not at set times, as is commonly practised ;
and every man that shall be absent without leave
shall immediately be confined in the black hole,
and a report made to the commanding officer. It
is the business of every officer who meets a sol-
dier of the guard in the streets to inform himself
certainly whether or not he has leave of absence.
WINCHESTER. 


56 GENERAL WOLFE's
WINCHESTER.
The duke of Richmond's company marches to
Tiverton to-morrow morning ; the lieutenant-
colonel desires the soldiers of that company may
know, that he is highly pleased with the report
made him by the commanding officer of their be-
haviour at Tiverton, and he has particular reason
to be satisfied with their appearance and perfor-
mance under arms, and the rest of their conduct
since they came to Exeter ; all which he shall
take pleasure to make known to the duke of
Richmond their captain, and to lord Bury ; and
he recommends to them to go on still in the right
way, and they may be sure of the friendship and
protection of their officers : and the lieutenant-
colonel takes this opportunity to thank the offi-
cers and soldiers of the companies here for their
extreme handsome behaviour under arms : the
knowledge and diligence of the officers, and the
obedience and attention of the soldiers was very
conspicuous ; and Sir John Mordaunt, who re-
viewed the regiment, expressed his satisfaction
in the strongest terms, and will make a proper
report to his Majesty and the Duke of what he
saw.
The lieutenant-colonel hopes that every part
of the conduct of the soldiers will correspond
with their appearance under arms, and that they
will behave themselves in such a manner during
their stay here, that those who would be glad
to 


INTRUCTIONS. 57
to complain against then may be disappointed,
and the quiet honest subject freed from the dan-
ger of insult or abuse ; for there is nothing that
the king is so particularly displeased with, as the
irregularity of soldiers in their quarters. The
colonel will indulge the deserving industrious
men to their utmost desire, and they shall be al-
ways sure of his aid and protection ; but on the
other hand he will not suffer any bad actions to
go unpunished, nor allow a few vicious and dis-
orderly men to fix their crimes and dishonour
upon the whole corps.
It must necessarily happen that disputes will
sometimes arise between the soldiers that are
quartered in town and the inhabitants of a place,
and between soldiers of the same and of different
regiments ; it is therefore the immediate duty of
the subaltern officers of the companies to which
such soldiers belong, who are engaged in these
disputes, to go to the place and people where,
and with whom such quarrels have happened, to
enquire directly into the causes, and report it to
their captain and to the commanding officer of
the regiment ; and when the matter appears to
be of importance, or may be likely to be attended
with ill consequences, the officers are then de-
sired to take down in writing all the circum-
stances of the dispute, together with the evi-
dences of persons present not engaged with the
disputing parties ; the court-martials may have
light by means of these informations taken upon
the spot, and the witnesses may be procured to
H clear 


58 GENERAL WOLFE's
clear the matter up; and in cares where sol-
diers are accused of robbery or theft, or other ill
actions, the officers of the company are to do
their utmost endeavours to be well informed in
all particulars, with the names of the parties in-
jured, and the nature of the offence, that they
may make clear and proper reports to their com-
manding officer, that justice may be done upon
the offender, as well as to those who have been
injured. The officers, and particularly the young
ones, are desired to read the orders with care,
that they may not forget any point of duty con-
tained in them.
His Majesty has been pleased to order that 100
men should be draughted from lord Bury's regi-
ment to augment colonel Dunbar's, which is to
be employed in the American service; and it is
lord Bury's orders that the companies of his re-
giment should be levelled forthwith.
By the major's report, and by the accounts of
the captains and officers who were present at the
draught that was made from the five companies
at Bristol, it appears that the soldiers did behave
themselves upon that occasion with all the stea-
diness, chearfulness, and obedience that may be
expected from brave men and good subjects; not
a man declined the service, and all marched off
with a resolution never to dishonour the corps
they served in, and to do their utmost for his
Majesty's service and the good of their country;
such troops as these, men that may be depended
upon in all changes and circumstances, deserve
to 


INSTRUCTIONS. 59
to be considered as real soldiers, and to be valued
and esteemed accordingly.
Several indecencies have been committed by
the soldiers, and the rudest and most provoking
affronts have been offered to women, even in
the publick streets; the men are to be told that
the practice of affronting and insulting the sex is
unmanly and brutal to the highest degree, and
leaves an impression very hurtful to the reputa-
tion of the regiment. The officers are to have
exact accounts of the private habitation of every
soldier who does not lie at his billet, that they
may give directions to the non-commissioned
officers to look to them as often as they think it
necessary.
A detachment of three subaltern officers, three
serjeants, three corporals, one drummer, and 96
private men to march to morrow morning to-
wards Plymouth; they are to have 12 rounds of
ammunition, their duty is to prevent any mutiny
on board or desertion from the guard ships,
which they are to execute with diligence and
spirit.
As the use of soldiers on board a fleet in an
engagement depends almost entirely upon a well
directed fire, and as the objects to aim at, vary
every instant, the soldiers are to practice to direct
their muskets either to the right or left, and to
take some particular mark in view before they
fire, sometimes upon a level, sometimes above,
and sometimes below; they are to fire standing
in two ranks, with the lowest men in front.
Upon 


60 GENERAL WOLFE's
Upon a sudden order to get under arms to
march, or otherwise, all the officers of a com-
pany are to be with their men as quick as possi-
bie; and when they are assembled with their
arms, ammunition and necessaries, the officers
are to march them to the general alarm post of
the regiment; this order is always to be observed.
When the companies of a regiment are cantoned
or quartered at any distance from each other (and
it may not be improper to take this opportunity
to say, that if it should happen in the course of a
war, if there should be a war) that one or more
companies be cut off or divided by an enemy
from the bulk or body of the regiment, such
company or companies are to charge that enemy
without loss if time, and try to force their way
through to the colours. As beating to arms in
the might or upon an alarm is apt to create con-
fusion and disorder, it should be practised as sel-
dom as possible; but when there is a necessity for
calling the troops suddenly under arms, either to
resist an enemy or to march and surprize them,
or for any purpose of war, the officers and non-
commissioned officers of companies should call
their own men out of their respective quarters,
and assemble them silently and quietly at their
place of parade, to march from thence in good
order to the general alarm post of the regiment.
the lieutenant-colonel hopes that the captains
will give directions for a necessary number of
gun screws, pickers, and worms, to be constantly
provided in their respective companies, and pro-
perly


INSTRUCTIONS. 61
perly distributed. And he recommends to all
the officers of the regiment to consider of what
importance it is to have the arms and ammunition
of the regiment at all times in the most exact
order.
If any soldier of the regiment is seen to make
use of his bayonet to turn the cock screw of his
firelock, or otherwise abusing that weapon, such
soldier will be instantly imprisoned. It is necessary
that every soldier in the regiment should be
taught to put a flint into his piece, so as to pro-
cure the most certain fire, and not to cut the
barrel; and it is likewise of great importance that
every soldier should be taught to make up his
own ammunition. These are things that are not
to be neglected without detriment to the service,
and therefore the lieutenant-colonel recommends
them to the captains and officers as objects wor-
thy their attention.
There are particulars in relation to fire arms
that the soldiers should know; one is, the quan-
tity of powder that throws a ball out of a musket
in the truest direction to the mark, and to the
greatest distance; a matter that experience and
practice will best discover; soldiers are apt to
imagine that a great quantity of powder has the
best effect, which is a capital error. The size
of the cartridge with ball is another material
consideration, because when the musket grows
foul with repeated firing, a ball too near the cal-
liber of the musket will not go down without
great force, and the danger of firing the piece
when


61 GENERAL WOLFE's
when the ball is not rammed well home is
well known: the soldiers should be informed
that no other force in ramming down a charge
is necessary than to collect the powder and place
the ball close upon it. If the ball is rammed too
hard upon the powder, a great part of it will
not take fire, and consequently the shot will be
of so much the less force. As the war seems to
be inevitable, the officers are desired to turn their
thoughts to what may be most useful and service-
able to his majesty's affairs and the good of the
country, as far as we can contribute to it; and if
any officer has any thing at any time to propose
that he thinks can be of use, the lieutenant-
colonel will be particularly obliged to such offi-
cer for the discovery, and will give him all the
thanks that are due. The lieutenant-colonel
begs that the young officers will not look, lightly
over the orders and directions that are given, but
that they will consider them as they are really
intended, meant for their instructions, and his
majesty's service.
If the soldiers of a company discover a malig-
ner at any time, or one of those rascals that shun
duty and danger, from cowardice or effeminacy,
they are to inform the non-commissioned officers
of the company, who is to acquaint the captain
of it, that such female characters, may be pro-
perly distinguished.
The lieutenant-colonel has been told that some
have pretended illness to avoid field-days and or-
dinary exercise; how unfit such men as these are
for 


INSTRUCTIONS. 63
for war may be easily imagined, and how well
they merit contempt and punishment: soldiers
are to understand that constant and regular exer-
cise is as necessary for their health as it is for
their instruction; and that an army of men, un-
disciplined, untaught, and unused to any fatigue,
is an easy prey to people trained in arms, and
brought up in all the exercises of war. If ever
the lieutenant-colonel hears, or is informed, that
a soldier expresses himself to be dissatisfied with
exercise, or work, or marching, or any other
duty that falls to his share, or that he drops
words tending to discourage the young men, or
finds fault with whatsoever is ordered or appointed,
he will particularly take notice of such soldier,
and will treat him as so pernicious and villain-
ous a conduct deserves; and if any thing of that
kind is ever discovered in a non-commissioned
officer, he must expect no mercy or forgiveness.
It is the distinguished character of a good soldier
to go through every part of his duty with chear-
fulness, resolution, and obedience.
The commanders, in their respective quarters,
will see that the soldiers are regular in their at-
tendance on divine service; and it is hoped they
do all in their power to abolish drunkenness and
swearing (vices peculiar to the British troops)
from amongst them; at least, that they will re-
present the infamy and brutality of such vices,
and punish the offenders. - Several soldiers have
taken upon them to marry without the consent
or approbation of their captains: the lieutenant-
colonel 


64 GENERAL WOLFE's
colonel will have a list sent of these mens names
with the first orderly man.
He has been informed that some mean rascals
have agreed with the magistrates, or civil officers,
in their quarters to marry proititutes and common
whores for pecuniary considerations, to the great
dishonour and discredit of the troops. - If ever
any thing of this sort comes to his knowledge,
he will never forgive the offender, nor consider
him in any other light than as the last and most
contemptible of scoundrels, and will order him
to be treated as such upon all occasions.
When the companies are reviewed in fair
weather, the men are to do the platoon exercise
with their knapsacks on, to accustom them to
use their arms under this disadvantage; because
it often happens that they are obliged to fight
in that manner; and therefore great care should
be taken to place them in such a manner upon
the soldiers backs as to be the least inconvenient.
Oct. 22. - The battalion is to march forthwith
to the coast of Kent, to assist in the defence of
the country. Thirty-six rounds of ammunition
to be delivered to every man that marches, and
as many rounds to be carried by the companies
they belong to, for the corporals and men as are
gone on the recruiting service, but will pro-
bably join the division on the march. Arms and
accoutrements are to be carried for seventy rank
and file. All the flints are to be delivered to the
men.
Every soldier of the regiment to be provided
with 


INSTRUCTIONS. 65
with a stopper of wood or cork for the muzzle
of his musket, and something to stop the touch-
hole, to keep out the wet in rainy weather.
It is his majesty's pleasure that bat and bag-
gage horses be forthwith provided for the twen-
tieth regiment of foot: and the captains and
officers are to provide themselves as expeditiously
as possible, either before they march, or upon
the march, in consequence of the king's com-
mands.
If, in this situation of things, a soldier should
be wanting in his duty, maligner, or quit his
division, or misbehaving upon the march, or in
his quarters, he shall be punished with double
severity; and the officers who lead the divisions
are commanded to preserve the strictest order,
discipline, and obedience. When the men are
crouded in their quarters they must content them-
selves with straw, without murmur or complaint.
If the enemy lands (as they seem to intend)
the lieutenant-colonel does not doubt but that
the officers and soldiers will act against them
with the resolution and courage of men who
mean to distinguish themselves in the defence of
their king and country, and with the spirit of a
free people.
GRAVESEND
The lieutenant-colonel has been told, that
some of the men, rather than disagree with ge-
neral Stewart's people, or complain, were con-
I tented 


66 GENERAL WOLFE's
tented with straw and such covering as the
houses in Dartford could afford. The lieutenant-
colonel is extremely well pleased with this sort of
behaviour, and thinks it manly and soldier-like;
but at the same time, he desires the soldiers may
be assured, that they shall always be protected in
their just rights when they make their demands
through the officers, and with modesty and de-
cency.
CANTERBURY.
The lieutenant-colonel is persuaded that the
officers will in all respects maintain and keep up
the discipline of the regiment in its full force,
and he hopes the soldiers will behave themselves
in such a manner as not to oblige their officers
to use severity and correction.
A corps of well trained soldiers, ought at all
times to value themselves upon an exact and re-
gular performance of every part of their duty,
but particularly at this time, when they may be
most useful and serviceable.
If the battalion changes their quarters, they
will carry every thing with them; but if the
French attempt to invade the country, and we
march in order to oppose them, the soldiers are
not to be burthened with too many necessaries in
their knapsacks. Three shirts, two pair of good
shoes, three pair, of strong worsted stockings,
and one pair of soals, is all that will be wanted;
the rest must be left behind, and directions will
be given for the security of all the superfluous
baggage of the regiment. All 


INSTRUCTIONS. 67
All the centries are to wear watch coats from
retreat-beating till day-light, and they may wear
them in the day-time when it snows or rains, or
when the weather is very cold; centries in sharp
weather should keep moving near their posts, es-
pecially when they have no box nor cover to
shelter them from the inclemency of the air.
The next time the regiment is under arms it is
to be formed in the following order of battle by
companies. Captain Beckwith's company upon
the right of the battalion, with the colonel's
company upon its left, makes the right grand
division under captain Beckwith's command;
captain Wilkinson's company upon the left of the
battalion, with the lieutenant-colonel's upon its
right, makes the left grand division of the regi-
ment under captain Wilkinson's command; cap-
tain Maxwell's company upon the left of the
colonel's, with the major's upon its left, makes
the second grand division or the right wing of the
battalion under captain Maxwell's command;
the duke of Richmond's company upon the right
of the lieutenant - colonel's, with captain M'-
Dowall's upon its right, makes the second grand
division of the left wing of the battalion under
the Duke of Richmond's command, or in his
abscence under captain M'Dowall's command. -
These eight companies are each to be told off
into two platoons for the present; but they upon
other occasions may only be considered as one
platoon, if their numbers or other circumstances
require it.
The


68 GENERAL WOLFE's
The company of grenadiers is to be drawn up
together upon the right of the battalion, and cap-
tain Grey's company as a piquet upon the left,
each at a little distance from the battalion, and
told off into two platoons.
The officers are to be  with their own compa-
nies, where there are two captains in a grand di-
vision, one of them is to be in the rear, and one
lieutenant is to be placed in the rear of each of
the other grand divisions.
One old soldier of every company (except the
grenadiers) is to be chosen for the guard of the
colours, or a younger man of unexceptionabe
character, for whose behaviour the captain will be
answerable; these men are to be such as have
never been punished for any crime, or even un-
der sentence.
This little platoon, with two serjeants, two
corporals, supported by the hatchet-men, are to
guard and defend the colours, and a proper offi-
cer will be appointed to command them.
If the battalion should be ordered to attack the
enemy in this or any other order of battle, a
captain or officer commanding a company or pla-
toon shall be at liberty to except against any par-
ticular man, recruit, or young soldier, who ap-
pears timid, and turn such soldier out of the
ranks, that his fears may have no influence upon
the rest.
The regiment is not to be formed in this man-
ner but when it is particularly ordered.
Instructions


INSTRUCTIONS. 69
Instructions for the 20th Regiment in (case the
French land) given by Lieutenant-colonel
WOLFE at Canterbury.
Dec. 15, 1755. - Whoever shall throw away
his arms in an action, whether officer, non-com-
missioned officer, or soldier (unless it appears that
they are damaged so as to be useless) either under
pretence of taking up others that are of a better
sort, or for any other cause whatsoever, must ex-
pect to be tried by a general court-martial for
the crime.
If a serjeant leaves the platoon he is appointed
to, or does not take upon him the immediate
command of it in case the officer falls, such ser-
jeant will be tried for his life as soon as a court-
martial can be conveniently assembled. - Neither
officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, is
to leave his platoon or abandon the colours for a
slight wound; while a man is able to do his du-
ty, and can stand and hold his arms, it is infa-
mous to retire.
The battalion is not to halloo or cry out upon
any account whatsoever, although the rest of the
troops should do it, until they are ordered to
charge with their bayonets; in that case, and
when they are upon a point of rushing upon the
enemy, the battalion may give a war-like shout
and run in.
Before a battle begins, and while a battalion
is marching towards the enemy, the officer com-
manding 


70 GENERAL WOLFE's
manding a platoon is to be at the head of his
men, looking frequently back upon them to see
that they are in order, the serjeant in the mean
while taking his place in the interval, and the
officers are not to go to the flanks of the pla-
toons till they have orders, or a signal so to do
from the officer commanding the battalion, and
this will only be given a little before the action
begins.
If the battalion should be crowded at any
time, or confined in their ground, the captain
or officer commanding a grand division may or-
der his centre platoon to fall back till the bat-
talion can extend itself again, so as to take up its
usual ground.
All the officers upon the left of the colours
are to be upon the left of their platoons; the cap-
tain of the picquet is to be on the left of his
picquet, and the ensign in the centre.
Every grand division consisting of two com-
panies, as they now are, is to be told off in three
platoons, to be commanded by a captain, a
lieutenant, and an ensign, with a serjeant to
each; the rest of the officers and non-comis-
sioned officers are to be distributed in the rear
to compleat the files, to keep the men in their
duty, and to supply the places of the officers or
the serjeants that may be killed or dangeronsly
wounded.
Every musketeer is to have a couple of spare
balls, an excellent flint in his piece, another or
two in his pouch, and as much amunition as
he can carry. A soldier 


INTRUCTIONS. 71
A soldier that takes his musket off his shoulder
and pretends to begin the battle without order,
will be put to death that instant: the cowardice
or irregular proceedings of one man is not to put
the whole in danger.
A soldier that quits his rank, or offers to fly,
is to be instantly put to death by the officer that
commands that platoon, or by the officer or ser-
jeant so the rear of that platoon; a soldier does
not deserve to live who won't fight for his king
and country.
If a non-commissioned officer or private man
is missing after an action, and joins his company
afterwards unhurt, he will be reputed a coward
and a fugitive, and he will be tried for his life.
The drummers are to stay with their respec-
tive companies to assist their wounded men.
Every officer, and every non-commissioned
officer, is to keep strictly to his post and platoon,
from the beginning to the end of an action, and
to preserve all possible order and obedience; the
confusion occasioned by the loss of men, and the
noise of artillery and musketry, will require every
officer's strictest attention to his duty.
When the files of a platoon are disordered by
the loss of men, they are to be completed afresh
with the utmost expedition, in which the officers
and non-commissioned officers in the rear are to
be aiding and assisting.
Officers are never to go from one part of the
battalion to another, without order, upon any
pretence whatsoever.
The 


72 GENERAL WOLFE's
The eight companies of the battalion are never
to pursue the enemy, without particular orders so
to do; the picquet and grenadiers will be detach-
ed for that purpose, and the battalion is to march
on in good order to support them.
If the firing is ordered to begin by platoons,
either from the wings or from the center, it is
to proceed in a regular manner, till the enemy is
defeated, or till the signal is given for attacking
them with the bayonets.
If we attack a body less in extent than the bat-
talion, the platoons upon the wings must be
careful to direct their fire obliquely so as to
strike upon the enemy. The officers to inform
the soldiers of his platoon, before the action be-
gins, where they are to direct their fire; and
they are to take good aim to destroy their ad-
versaries.
There is no necessity for firing very fast; a
cool well levelled fire, with the pieces carefully
loaded, is much more destructive and formidable
than the quickest fire in confusion.
The soldiers are to take their orders intirely
from the officer of the platoon, and he is to give
them with all possible coolness and resolution.
If a battalion in the front line should give way
and retire in disorder towards the second line,
and towards that part of it where we are posted
(according to the present order of battle) every
other platoon, or every other company, is to
march forward a little, leaving intervals open for
the disordered troops to pass through, and after
they


INSTRUCTIONS. 73
they are gone by, the battalion forms into one
front, and moves forward to take post in the
first line from whence the broken battalion re-
tired.
If a battalion upon either flank gives way, and
is defeated, the picquet or grenadier company,
wherever it happens to be, is to fall back imme-
diately, without any confusion, and protect that
flank of the regiment.
The misbehaviour of any other corps will not
affect this battalion, because the officers are de-
termined to give the strongest proofs of their
fidelity, zeal, and courage, in which the soldiers
will second them with their usual spirit.
If the order of battle be such (and the country
admit of it) that it is necessary to make breaches
in the enemy's line for the cavalry to fall in upon
them, the grand divisions of the regiment are
each to form a firing column of three platoons in
depth, which are to march forward and pierce
the enemy's battalion in four places, that the
cavalry behind us may get in amongst them and
destroy them. In such an attack, only the first
of the three platoons should fire, immediately
present their bayonets, and charge.- These four
bodies are to be careful not to run into one ano-
ther in their attack, but to preserve the intervals
at a proper distance.
All attacks in the night are to be made with the
bayonets, unless when troops are posted with no
other design than to alarm, harass, or fatigue
the enemy, by firing into their out-posts, or into
then camp.
K If 


74 GENERAL WOLFE's
If intrenchments or redoubts are to be defend-
ed obstinately, the fire is to begin in a regular
manner, when the enemy is within shot, at about
200 yards, and to continue till they approach
very near; and when the troops perceive that
they endeavour to get over the parapet, they are
to fix their bayonets and make a bloody resistance.
All small parties that are intended to fire upon
the enemy's columns or marches, upon their ad-
vanced guard, or their rear, are to post them-
selves so as to be able to annoy the enemy with-
out danger, and to cover themselves with slight
breast-works of sod, behind the hedges, or with
trees, or walls, or ditches, or any other pro-
tection, that if the enemy returns the fire it may
do no mischief: these parties are to keep their
posts till the enemy prepares to attack them with
a superiority; upon which they are to retire to
some other place of the same kind, and fire in
the same manner, constantly retiring when they
are pushed.
But when a considerable detachment of foot
is posted to annoy the enemy upon their march,
with orders to retire when attacked by a superior
force, the country behind is to be carefully exa-
mined, and some parties to be sent off early to
post themselves in the most advantageous man-
ner to cover the retreat of the rest; this is always
to be done in all situations when a considerable
body is commanded to retire.
If an intrenchment is to be attacked, the troops
should move as quick as possible towards the
place,


INTRUCTIONS. 75
place, not in a line, but in small firing columns
of three or four platoons in depth, with small
parties between each column, who are to fire at
the top of the parapet when the columns ap-
proach to divert the enemy's fire, and facilitate
their passing the ditch, and getting over the pa-
rapet, which they must endeavour to do without
loss of time.
It is of little purpose to fire at men who
are covered with an intrenchment; but by attack-
ing in the manner above-mentioned one may
succeed.
If the seat of war should be in this strong in-
closed country, it will be managed chiefly by
fire, and every inch of ground that is proper for
defence disputed the with enemy; in which case
the soldiers will soon perceive the advantage of
levelling their pieces properly; and they will
likewise discover the use of several evolutions
that they may now be at a loss to compre-
hend. - The greater facility they have in moving
from place to place, and from one inclosure to
another (either together or in separate bodies)
without confusion or disorder, the easier they
will fall upon the enemy with advantage, or
retire when it is proper so to do, sometimes to
draw the enemy into a dangerous position, at
other times to take possession of new places
of defence that will be constantly prepared be-
hind them.
If the battalion attacks another of nearly equal
extent, whose flanks are not covered, the gre-
nadiers


76 GENERAL WOLFE's
nadiers and picquet may be ordered to detach
themselves, and surround the enemy by attack-
ing their flank and rear, while the eight com-
panies charge them in front. The grenadiers
and picquet should therefore be accustomed to
these sort of movements, that they may execute
their orders with a great deal of expedition.
If the battalion is to attack another battalion
of equal force, and of like number of ranks, and
the country quite open, it is highly probable,
that, after firing a few rounds, they will be com-
manded to charge them with their bayonets, for
which the offices and men should be prepared.
If the centre of the battalion is attacked by a
column, the wings must be extremely careful to
fire obliquely. That part of the battalion against
which the column marches, must reserve their
fire, and if they have time to put two or three
bullets in their pieces, it must be done. When
the column is within about twenty yards they
must fire with a good aim, which will necessa-
rily stop them a little. This body may then
open from the center, and retire by files towards
the wings of the regiment, while the neighour-
ing platoons wheel to the right and left, and
either fire, if they are loaded, or close up and
charge with their bayonets.
If a body of foot is posted behind a hedge,
ditch, or wall, and being attacked by a superior
force is ordered to retire, the body should move
off by files, in one or more lines, as perpendicu-
lar as possible, to the post they leave, that when
the


INSTRUCTIONS. 77
the enemy extend themselves to fire through the
hedges, the object to fire at may be as small as
possible, and the march of the retiring body as
quick as possible.
The death of an officer commanding a compa-
ny or platoon shall be no excuse for the confusion
or misbehaviour of that platoon; for while there
is an officer or non-commissioned officer left alive
to command, no man is to abandon his colours
and betray his country.
The loss of the field officers will be supplied
(if it should so happen) by the captains, who will
execute the plan of the regiment with honour.
If the battalion, should have the misfortune to
be invested in their quarters (or in a post which
they are not commanded to defend) by a great
superiority, they have but one remedy, which is, to
pierce the enemy's line or lines in the night and
get off. In this case the battalion attacks with their
ranks and files closed, with their bayonets fixed,
and without firing a shot. They will be formed
in an order of attack suited to the place they are in.
All possible means will be used, no doubt, to
surprize them; but if they are found in arms
they are to be vigorously attacked with the bay-
onets. - It is needless to think of firing in the night,
because of the confusion it creates, and the uncer-
tainty of hitting any object in the dark. - A co-
lumn that receives the enemy's fire, and falls
immeditely in amongst them must necessarily
defeat them, and create a very great disorder in
their army.
All 


78 GENERAL WOLFE's
All the young officers of the regiment are to
be constant in their attendancce upon the parade,
end at the exercise of any detachment or com-
panies, unless when other duties interfere; if
any report is made to the commanding officer of
the neglect or failure of attendance of any young
officers hereafter, whom the major has directed
to attend, such officers must expect to be severely
reprimanded, and distinguished in public or-
ders.
The regiment may take the field early in the
spring, and therefore it is absolutely necessary
that the officers should acquire some knowledge
of their duty as quick as possible.
When the guard does the platoon exercise, the
adjutant is to appoint a young officer to the right,
and another to the left of the guard, and they
are to give the words of command loud and dis-
tinct, with proper intervals between them; pla-
toon, instead of take care, make ready, present,
fire.
Lieutenant - is publickly reprimanded for
neglect of duty upon guard; if the officers give
ill examples it is not to be wondered that the
soldiers are remiss.
When any officer omits to visit his guard fre-
quently, to send out his patroles constantly, and
to receive their reports, and when such officers
go to bed at eleven at night, robberies and other
lawless scandalous actions may be committed
with impunity.
The 


INSTRUCTIONS. 79
The young officers are to be informed that
vigilance and an exact attention to their duty
upon guard is expected from them in the strictest
manner, and that nothing like whit his already
happened will be overlooked for the future.
The lieutenant-colonel is extremely well pleas-
ed to find that the soldiers of colonel Honey-
wood's regiment were not concerned in the rob-
beries that have been of late committed, and he
is willing to hope that the far greater part of
them have a just abhorrence of such monstrous
crimes.
The men should consider that they are upon
the point of entering into a war for the defence
of their country against an enemy who has long
meditated the destruction of it: that a drunken,
vicious, irregular army is but a poor defence to
a state; but that virtue, courage, and obedience
in the troops are a sure guard against all assaults;
that the troops that are posted in this country are
designed to repel the enemy's first attempt; and
that they should be in readiness to execute
their part with honour and spirit, and not give
themselves up to every excels, and to every
irregularity in times like these: both officers
and soldiers should exert themselves in every
part of duty, and shew their countrymen that
they deserve their esteem and consideration; and
they should endeavour in a particular manner to
recommend themselves to his majesty, and to
the captain general, by their zeal, fidelity, and
valour.
Order 


80 GENERAL WOLFE's
Order of Exercise for the Regiment of Dragoons
and the two Regiments of Foot quartered at
CANTERBURY.
The enemy is supposed to have four battalions
in one line, whose flanks cannot be turned: this
supposed line shall be marked out by stakes of
five feet seven inches above the ground, to
regulate the movement of the troops, and to
guide their levelling well; the two regiments
shall conform to the practice of the army in
their firings, and in their telling off the bat-
talion.
At a proper distance from the enemy the three
regiments shall form in order of battle; the in-
fantry in the center in one line, one third of the
cavalry on each wing, and the remaining third
as a reserve behind the enter of the line. The
cannon shall begin firing slow, and allowing
time to take good aim as with round shot, the
enemy being at a considerable distance; but
when they approach within reach of grape shot,
their firings shall quicken.
The firing of the infantry shall begin by pla-
toons followed by that of sub-divisions, then by
grand-divisions, as they approach nearer the ene-
my, so that this last firing may cease when they
come within a few paces of his line, who being
broke in his center, and attempting to form two
separate bodies of his right and left in order to
take our infantry in flank; the king's regiment
shall wheel to the right on the center of each
grand- 


INSTRUCTIONS. 81
grand-division and the twentieth regiment in like
manner to the left; during the wheel the grena-
diers on the flanks of the infantry charge with
their bayonets any small parties of the enemy that
may be nigh, but must be returned to their posts
when the wheel is ended, that the grand divisions
now fronting the enemy may without delay begin
firing by platoons as a separate body, and shall
march a slow oblique step; the king's regiment
to their right, and the twentieth regiment to their
left, while the three grand divisions and grena-
diers in rear shall form the battalion also by an
oblique step, those of the king's to the left, and
those of the twentieth to the right; but as
briskly as good order can admit of, and firing by
platoons as soon as doubled up, that each body
of the enemy may receive the firing of the troops,
as they form a four, eight, twelve, and sixteen
platoons successively; and our battalions then
formed shall be back to back, covering each other,
and the enemy's first situation crossing by our co-
lours: the cavalry on the wings shall be on
ground to the flanks of the line, while the in-
fantry wheel and move from the center, and till
the enemy's confusion shall give them an oppor-
tunity to charge; this movement of the cavalry
to be observed as much as the ground will
admit.
The reserve without loss of time shall march
through the interval made by the wheeling of
the battalion, to prevent the enemy's center from
rallying, or to take his wings in flank or rear,
L shoul


82 GENERAL WOLFE's
should his confusion or movement offer an op-
portunity.
The officers who command platoons shall stop
the firing when the cavalry charge, and dress
their ranks and files, that the line may be formed
by going to the right about and wheeling by
battalion; the king's to the left as now faced,
the twentieth regiment to the right, while the
cavalry pursue.
The cavalry shall be drawn up in two ranks,
the reserve at 300 yards distance from the infan-
try till they begin to wheel, at which time they
shall trot briskly, and in good order, through
the intervals as above directed. The cavalry on
the wings shall not approach nearer the enemy
than 200 yards till they begin their charge,
which shall be when the battalions are formed
in their second position; they shall then charge
on a brisk trot and in good order.
The lieutenant-colonel desires that the cap-
tains will acquaint their men that H.R.H. the
duke has expressed his approbation of their ap-
pearance and behaviour under arms in very
strong terms; and he has been pleased to say, he
has conceived a good opinion of the corps, and
does not doubt but they will take the first oppor-
tunity to distinguish themselves.
As the regiment has been particularly distin-
guished in the late promotions, and a number of
officers of great merit taken out of the corps, it
is hoped it will be the constant endeavours of
their successors to promote the discipline and con-
sequently 


INSTRUCTIONS. 83
sequently the honour of the regiment. The
captains are desired to omit nothing that will
tend to the instruction and improvement of the
young subaltern officers who are lately come
amongst us, each in his own company, and to
that end they may have a platoon or the whole
company under arms as often as they please,
giving notice to the comanding officer of the re-
giment.
Several captains having represented to the
commanding officer of the regiment the remiss-
ness, neglect, and ignorance of some non-com-
comissioned officers, particularly those of the
last promotion; which neglects, &c. tend to
weaken and destroy the regiment; that these
non-commissioned officers, so far from doing
their duty in the absence of their officers, by
maintaining a necessary degree of subordination
and obedience, do suffer and connive at many ill
actions and irregularities and that when the com-
panies are under arms they are incapable of giving
any assistance to the officers, or even of complet-
ing and telling off the companies for the ordi-
nary part of exercise; that they overlook and
permit many unsoldier-like practices upon guard
and other duties: those non-commissioned of-
ficers are therefore to be informed, that the lieu-
tenant colonel is determined to reduce to the
ranks all such as are wilfully negligent, or too
ignorant for their stations; and it shall be his ut-
most endeavours (in which he desires the captains
and officers to assist) to find out persons fit for
these 


84 GENERAL WOLFE's
these employments, and who will acquit them-
selves with spirit and diligence, being concerned
to perceive that by the want of proper attention
and proper behaviour in some of the serjeants
and corporals, there is a visible decline in the
discipline of the regiment.
Orders given by Major General WOLFE
in America.
HALIFAX.
Halifax, April 30, 1759 - The grenadier
companies of Amherst's and Anstruther's regi-
ments, with a lieutenant and twenty-five men of
the light infantry of each of the four battalions
in town, to embark to-morrow morning at day-
break, at the slip, where boats will be ready to
carry them on board the transports. They are to
carry with them their old tents and camp equi-
page; 200 rounds of powder and ball per man
will be delivered to them on the wharf.
An officer of artillery, with a proportion of
men for two six pounders, with the guns and
ammunition, to embark on board M'Ree's brig
this evening.
His majesty has been pleased to appoint the
following generals and officers to serve in the ar-
my commanded by major general Wolfe.
The 


INSTRUCTIONS. 85
The Hon. Brigadier-
generals,
Monckton,
Townshend,
Murray.
Colonel Carleton, Quarter-Master General.
Major Barry, Adjutant General.
Majors of Brig. Capt.
Givilliam,
Spital,
Maitland.
Aid-de-camps, Capt.
Smith of Amherst's
Bell.
Assist. to Quart. Mast.
General, Capt.
Leslie,
Chaldwell.
Engineers,
Major M'Keller subdi-
rector and chief engineer,
Captian,
lieut.
Debbeig
Willaimson,
Lieut. Montresor.
Officers appointed to
act as engineers
Capt. lieut. Hollandt,
Lieut.
Tonge,
Goddard,
Bentyal
des Barres.
Captian Derecuine, Captain of miners
The ten regiments or battalions for this service
in three brigades.
Brigadier Monckton,
Major of Brigade,
Spital,
Amherst's,
Kennedy's
Anstruther's
Fraser's.
Brigad. Townshend,
Major of Brigade,
Givilliam,
Bragg's,
Lascelles's
Monckton's.
Brigadier


86 GENERAL WOLFE's
Brigadier Murray,
Major of Brig. Mait-
land,
Otway's,
Webb's
Lawrence's
The three companies of grenadiers taken from
the garrison of Louisbourg (viz.) Whitmore's,
Hobson's, and Warburton's, are commanded by
lieutenant-colonel Murray.
The three companies of light infantry (viz)
one from the garrison of Louisbourg, the two
others to be formed from the army, are to be
commanded by major Dalling.
The six companies of Rangers are to be com-
manded by major Scott.
These three corps do not encamp in the line.
The two companies of light infantry, com-
manded by captains de Laune and Cardin, are
to be formed by detachments of well chosen
men from the light infantry of every regiment
and battalion, in proportion to the strength of
the corps; every regiment furnishing one subal-
tern officer and one serjeant.
Order 






INSTRUCTIONS. 89
The detachments of the army will be generally
shade by battalions, companies of grenadiers,
picquets, or companies of light infantry.
The picquet of every regiment shall be in pro-
portion to the strength of the corps, but always
commanded by a captain.
If the general thinks proper to order intrench-
ments in the front or rear of the army, the corps
are to fortify their own posts.
The fleet from Louisbourg to sail in three di-
visions.
The first brigade is the white division,
Second brigade red division,
Third brigade blue division.
The grenadiers of Louisbourg and the Ran-
gers will be appointed to one or other of these
divisions.
If the regiments here have time to put a
quantity of spruce beer into their transports, it
will be of great use to the men.
Weak and sickly people are not to embark
with their regiments; measures will be taken to
bring these men to the army as soon as they are
perfectly recovered.
Major general Wolfe will fill up all the vacan-
cies in the army as soon as he receives general
Amherst's commands.
A proportion of tools will be delivered to
every regiment.
The corps are to receive thirty-six rounds of
ammmunition, some loose ball, and three flints
per man. Casks of ammunition will be put on
M board 


90 GENERAL WOLFE's
board small vessels ready to be distributed when
wanted.
As the navigation in the river St. Lawrence
may, in some places, be difficult, the troops are
to be as useful as possible in working their ships,
obedient to the admiral's commands, and atten-
tive to all the signals.
No boats to be hoisted out at sea but upon the
most urgent necessity.
After the troops are embarked the command-
ing officers will give all necessary directions for
the preservation of their mens health. Guards
must mount every day in every ship to keep
strict order, and to prevent fire: when the wea-
ther permits, the men are to eat upon deck, and
be as much in the open air sis possible; cleanli-
ness in the births and bedding, and as much ex-
ercise as the situation permits, are the best preser-
vatives of health.
When the troops assemble at Louisbourg or the
Bay of Gaspie the commanders of regiments are
to make reports to their respective brigadiers of
the strength and condition of their corps; and
if any arms, ammunition, tools, or camp equi-
page, &c. are wanting, it is likewise to be re-
ported, that orders may be given for a proper
supply.
A report is to be made at the same time, by
every regiment and corps in the army, of the
number of men their boats will conveniently
hold.
Gorham's and Dank's rangers will be sent to
join 


INTRUCTIONS. 91
join Mr. Durell's as soon as any ship of war sails
for the river. These two companies are to be
embarked in schooners, or sloops, of the first
that arrive, removing the soldiers into larger
transports.
If any ship by accident should run on shore in
the river, small vessels and boats will be sent to
their assistance. They have nothing to appre-
hend from the inhabitants on the north-side, and
as little from the Canadians on the south. Fifty
men with arms may easily defend themselves
until succour arrives.
If a ship should happen to be lost, the men
on shore are to make three distinct fires in the
night, and three distinct smoaks in the day, to
mark their situation.
The troops are to embark as soon after the ar-
rival of the transports as they conveniently can,
and as there are many more ships taken than
there will be wanting (if they all arrive) they are
to have a good allowance of tonnage.
When the regiments arrive at Louisbourg they
are to give a return to the adjutant-general of the
number of men they have lost since the reduction
of Louisbourg, and of the number of men re-
cruited since that time.
The six companies of Rangers are to give in
the like return.
Captain Gorham's company of Rangers to
hold themselves in readiness to embark to-mor-
row morning.
LOUISBOURG 


92 GENERAL WOLFE's
LOUISBOURG.
May 17th, 1759.
PAROLE WOLFE.
The regiments to give in a list of their volun-
teers, according to their seniority and service.
Captain Cramake, of general Amherst's regi-
ment is appointed to act as deputy judge-advo-
tate to the the expedition.
Lieutenant Dobson of general Lascelle's regi-
ment is appointed by general Amherest a major of
brigade in this Army.
As the regiments arrive they are to have fresh
beef delivered to them; and in general, whilst
the troops remain in this harbour they are to be
furnished with as much fresh provisions as can
be procured. Bragg's regiment, the grenadiers,
and Rangers, to hold themselves in readiness to
embark at a day's notice,
Besides the thirty six rounds of ammunition,
with which every soldier is to be provided, a
quantity or cartridges in casks is to be put on
board the transports.
If the captains of major Dalling's corps of
light infantry object to any or their men, as un-
fit for that particular kind of service, the regi-
ment are to change them, and send unexception-
able men in their room.
The regiment will be careful to try the am-
muinition as is delivered to them, that they may
be sure it fits their arms. The 


INSTRUCTIONS. 93
The masters of the transports are not to be
permitted to use the flat-bottom boats, or cut-
ters, for watering their ships, or other purposes;
they are solely intended for the use of the troops.
The tools that are to be delivered out of the
arsenal of Louisbourg for the use of this army,
are to be distributed to the troops after the arri-
val of the last regiment.
Every regiment and corps of light infantry
are to give in a return to the Adjutant-General
of the ammunition and flints wanted to compleat
them to thirty-six rounds and three flints per
man.
The commanders of regiments are to make a
report to-morrow morning to the admiral of the
condition of the transports: it any are judged
unfit to proceed, or if the men are too much
crowded, proper directions will be given there-
upon.
It is particularly necessary for the service of
this campaign, that the regiment be provided
with a very large stock of shoes before they sail,
as any supplies hereafter will be very uncertain.
The three Louisbourg companies of grenadiers,
and the grenadier company of the regiments ar-
rived, with the light infantry, companies of the
whole, are to parade to-morrow morning at nine
on the hill behind the grand battery.
When the troops are fitted in their transports
for the voyage, every regiment and corps must
give in a return of their flat-bottom boats, whale-
boats, and cutters, all which are provided by the
government 


94 GENERAL WOLFE's
government independent of the transports boats.
The regiments and corps may be provided
with fishing lines and hooks by applying to
captain Leslie, assistant Deputy Quarter-Master
General.
A subaltern officer and serjeant shall be left
with the sick that are to be taken out of the
hospital ship and brought into town.
Amherst's for this duty.
To prevent the spreading of distempers in the
transports, the hospital ships will receive every
man that may fall ill in the voyage.
When the troops receive fresh meat they are
not at the same time to demand salt provisions.
As the cutters and whale-boats are meant for
the service of the army, they are not to be given
to any of the men of war, without an order in
writing from the admiral.
Complaint having been made that the trans-
ports boats are often detained by the officers
who come ashore, so that the masters of those
ships cannot possibly get them properly watered,
the general insists upon the officers paying the
strictest obedience to the orders given by the
admiral on that head.
The regiments are to send in a return of all
their spare camp equipage to the brigade major
of the day to-morrow at orderly time.
The troops land no more ; and the flat-bottom
boats to be hoisted in, that the ships may sail at
the first signal.
When


INSTRUCTIONS. 95
When three guns are fired from the saluting
battery all officers are to repair to their ships.
The regiments and corps are to send to-mor-
row, at eight, to the artillery store for tools, in
the following proportion, giving proper receipts.
Pickaxes Spades Shovels Bellhooks
Amherst's 50 20 10 10
Bragg's 60 20 10 10
Otway's 80 30 10 10
Kennedy's 70 30 10 10
Lascelle's 70 30 10 10
Webb's 80 30 10 10
Anstruther's 50 20 10 10
Monckton's 50 20 10 10
Lawrence's 50 20 10 10
Frazier's 100 40 20 20
Grenadiers 50 20 10 10
The ammunition of all the regiments to be
immediately completed to 36 rounds ready for
service, and as much in casks; spare ball will
be given out hereafter.
The regiments that want camp necessaries will
be furnished by the corps that have it to spare.
The regiments to clear their sea pay and ar-
rears as far as they have money.
The admiral proposes failing the first fair wind.
The commanding officers of transports are to
oblige the masters (as far as they are able) to
keep in their respective divisions, and carry sail
when the men of war do, that no time may be
lost 


96 GENERAL WOLFE's
lost by negligence or delays ; they are also to
report to the admiral all deficiencies in the ships,
lest the masters should neglect doing it ; and di-
rect that the flat-bottomed boats be washed every
day to prevent their leaking.
The regiments are to receive provisions for no
more than three women per company of 70, and
four per company of 100 men.
Monckton's, Bragg's, Otway's, Webb's, Ken-
nedy's, and Lascelle's to give a batt-man each for
the engineers.
The following regiments to receive fresh pro-
visions this afternoon, viz.
Qtway's at four
Amherst's four and a half
Anstruther's five
Monckton's five and a half
Lawrences's six
The regiments which want camp equipage are
to send to capt. Leslie, Deputy Quarter-Master
General, at six this afternoon, to receive their
proportion of what has been given into his care.
The regiments that want tents are to send to-
morrow morning at six for 140 each to the Fair
American transport.
Fresh provisions will be delivered to-morrow
at five to all the corps at
RIVER ST. LAWRENCE.
Such of the transports as have sick on board
which the commanding officers would chuse to
send


INSTRUCTIONS. 97
send in the hospital ships, they are to signify it
by hoisting a flag at the mizen peak.
N. B The hospital ships are distinguished by
a red vane at the foretop mast-head ; if they
are to the windward of the hospital ship they are
to bear down to her ; if she is to the windward of
them she will bear down.
The general has directed (though not in pub-
lick orders) that no woman be permitted to land
with the troops, and that no insult of any kind be
offered to the inhabitants of the island.
Each regiment is to have a sloop or small vessel
to carry close in shore their spare ammunition,
bedding, and what light articles the officers may
want immediately ; their heavy baggage may be
left in the transport ships.
On board the Richmond Frigate.
Captain Dean will range the transports in pro-
per order along the shore of the Isle of Orleans
this afternoon, and to-morrow about six the sig-
nal will be made for landing.
The sloops and schooners that have rangers on
board are to draw close in shore; the six com-
panies of rangers and captain Cardin's light in-
fantry are to be landed first, to reconnoitre the
country.
The flat-bottomed boats only will be employed
in landing the men, they are to assemble at the
Leostoff at four in the morning, and from
thence will be sent first to the Rangers, &c. then
N to


98 GENERAL WOLFE's
to Amherst's regiment, then to the others corps
according to their rank, or the inconveniency of
their situation.
The men are to take their knapsacks, tools,
camp necessaries, and one blanket of their sea-
bedding, besides their own blankets, 36 rounds
of ammunition, and four days provision. The
Rangers and light infantry are not to take their
baggage on shore in the morning ; two days pro-
visions, and a blanket only.
As the weather in the months of July and Au-
gust is generally very warm in Canada, there are
to be no more than five men to a tent; or if the
commanding officer likes it better, and has camp
equipage enough, he may order only four.
Otway's, Webb's, and the highland regiment,
who are each in numbers equal to two battalions,
are to encamp their company in double rows of
tents, that they may have more room and more
air in their encampment, and consequently be
healthy.
The two pieces of artillery in the Russel are to
be landed after the troops are on shore, or sooner
if there be occasion. The officers must be con-
tented with a very little baggage for a day or two,
until it can be conveniently carried to camp.
In each flat-bottomed boat there will be an
officer of the men of war and 12 men : and no
more than 70 soldiers are to be landed at a time;
those will help to row the boats.
The provisions for the troops are for the future
to be at full allowance.
All


INSTRUCTIONS. 99
All reports to be made to the brigadier of the
day.
All detachments of light infantry or compa-
nies of Rangers, when posted in the front, rear,
or flank of the army, if out of sight, are to ac-
quaint the officer commanding the brigade or
corps nearest to them of their situation.
The detachment which was under colonel
Carleton's command is to return their tools and
spare ammunition immediately to the command-
ing officer of the artillery.
Whenever the regiments send for straw or any
thing else they may want, proper officers must
go with the men to prevent such irregularities as
the general saw yesterday, and will be obliged to
punish very severely.
No detachments, either with or without arms,
are to be sent to any distance from the camp
without the knowledge of the brigadier general
of the day.
Regiments or detachments, when cantoned,
must always have an alarm-post or place of
assembly.
It is ordered once for all, that all are to keep
close to the encampment, and are not to pass
without the out-guard, or wander through the
country in the disorderly manner that has been
observed here.
The army must hold itself in constant readi-
ness to get under arms, either to march or to
fight, at the shortest warning.
When


100 GENERAL WOLFE's
When the ten companies of grenadiers of the
line are collected as one corps they are to be
commanded by colonel Burton, with major
Morris to assist him.
The grenadiers of Louisbourg and major Dal-
ling's light infantry are to receive their orders
from colonel Carleton ; this last corps, two com-
panies of Rapgers, the Quarter-master's and camp
colour-men of the army, and a hatchet-man,
with a felling ax, of each regiment are to assem-
ble at major Dalling's cantonment at 12 to-mor-
row, in readiness to march under colonel Carle-
ton's command ; captain Debbeig, Engineer, is
to go with this detachment.
Major Scott is immediately to order a com-
pany of Rangers to take charge of the cattle for
the use of the army.
All seamen found straggling from the beach up
the country are to be taken up and sent prisoners
to the cantonment guard at head quarters.
Four days provisions will be landed this day
for the troops ; the Rangers will receive for six.
All detachments and out guards that are placed
for the security of the camp are to fortify them-
selves in the best manner they can, either by in-
trenching, planting palisadoes, or by cutting
down trees, and making a breast work of the
trunks, with the branches thrown forwards ;
in this situation a small party will be able to de-
fend itself till succour arrives, or at least will
give time for the troops to get under arms.
No centries are ever to be placed within point
blank


INSTRUCTIONS. 101
blank musket shot of a wood, unless behind
stones or trees so as not to be seen.
In a woody country detachments must never
halt or encamp in the little openings in the
woods, nor ever pass through them without ex-
amining the skirts with all imaginable care
and precaution. Next to valour the best quali-
ties in a military man are vigilance and caution.
If the provisions can be landed and the carts
brought up, the army will march tomorrow by
the left by files in one column, and in the order
in which they should have encamped.
The general beats at four, the assembly at five,
and the army marches at six.
Colonel Howe's corps of infantry with the quar-
ter-masters and camp colour-men is to precede the
march of the army two hours, and post detach-
ments in all the suspected places of the road to
prevent the column's being fired at from behind
the trees by rascals who dare not shew themselves.
When captain Herring's company of rangers,
which is appointed to guard the cattle and close
the march of the army, have passed the nearest
of colonel Howe's detachment, that detachment
and the rest as they go along fall in behind the
rangers and become a rear-guard, the carts of
every regiment are to follow their respective
corps.
There must be not firing of musquets, but in
soldier-like manner, by order of the command-
er of the corps, in the middle of the day.
Major Scott will give directions to the body of
rangers 


102 GENERAL WOLFE's
rangers upon this head ; because this practice is
more common among them : as the muskets are
so soon loaded on any alarm, the regiments are
to avoid the waste of ammunition, and frequent
mischief that happens by their being loaded in
the bell-tents ; cases for the hammers of the
muskets must be provided, that the arms may not
go off and do harm.
The first soldier that is taken beyond the out-
guards, either in the front, flank, or rear of the
army, contrary to the most positive orders, shall
be tried by a general court-martial.
Any soldier who is found with plunder in his
tent, or returning to the army with plunder of
any kind, not taken by order, shall be sent to
the provost in irons, in order to be tried for his
life.
An inclosed place being necessary near the
camp for the secuirty of the cattle of the army,
the soldiers are forbid to break down any fence
for fire-wood or other purposes where the cattle
are shut in.
Those regiments who have not been able to
find the sloops or small vessels allotted to them for
their light baggage, are to take the smallest of
their own transports for that purpose ; orders to
that effect have been given by the admiral.
The officer who commanded the detachment
of Kennedy's regiment upon the water-side, and
left his post without orders, in circumstances
where the presence of such a detachment might
have been particularly useful, and by sailing
with 


INSTRUCTIONS. 103
with the outposts, before the least previous no-
tice, occasioned a false alarm in the camp, is put
under an arrest, and will be tried by a court-
mirtial as soon as it can be conveniently assem-
bled.
Brigadier Townshend's brigade, and Anstru-
ther's regiment, to march to-morrow ; colonel
Howe, with the light infantry of the whole line,
as now encamped, is to precede the march of
the brigade as directed yesterday, and at the
same hour.
Colonel Howe, in posting the necessary detach-
ments on his march, will place the light infantry
of Otway's and Lawrence's nearest to their own
camp, drawing off their several detachments as
they pass.
Otway's and Lawrence's regiments are to hold
themselves in readiness to embark when ordered.
Bragg's, Lascelles's, and Lawrence's regiments
are to receive provisions this afternoon to the 4th
of July.
The regiments are not to send for straw but
with a proper party with arms.
A party of thirty men and a sub-officer from
the line to parade in the front of colonel Mur-
ray's grenadiers to escort the men the regiment
send for straw ; captain Chaldwell will send a
guide to shew them the proper place.
Anstruther's give the officer.
The men are not to straggle from their regi-
ments on any pretence whatsoever.
If 


104 GENERAL WOLFE's
If any regiments find it necessary for the pre-
sent to fix posts for the security of their camp,
they are to fix them till further orders. The posts
to be ordered to take up all stragglers.
Those regiments that have baggage behind are
desired to send detachments for it: an officer of
the line to command the whole. The detach-
ment to assemble in the front of Anstruther's
regiment.
The commanding officers of corps will be
able to judge the number of men necessary, as
they should know by this time what quantity of
baggage is behind belonging to their several corps.
Three hundred pioneers from the line only to
parade in the road behind Bragg's regiment to-
morrow-morning at six ; an engineer will direct
them. They are to bring their tools, and are to
be relieved by their respective regiments every
four hours. Three captains and six subalterns
for this duty.
General's guard to-morrow, one subaltern,
two serjeants, two corporals, and forty private,
Lascelles.
POINT ORLEANS.
Parole Countersign Field-Officer of the Picquet,
Adjutant To-morrow.
July 2, 1759. - A serjeant and fifteen men
from each regiment in camp to parade at the
magazine, 


INSTRUCTIONS. 105
mazazine, to receive orders from an officer of
artillery, and remain with that corps.
Each regiment to send this evening to head-
quarters a list of five good fascine makers, if they
have such.
All the birch canoes that may be found, are
to be taken care of and carried to general Town-
shend's quarters.
The regiments and corps will receive provi-
sions to-morrow to the 8th inclusive. Otwry's,
Anstruther's, three companies of grenadiers, ran-
gers, artillery, carpenters, at six in the morning ;
Bragg's, Monckton's, and Lascelles's at four in
the afternoon.
Magazine guard, one captain, two subalterns,
and fifty men, to parade at eight, in the rear of
Bragg's.
When rum is to be issued out to the troops on
account of the badness of the weather, or their
having suffered extraordinary fatigues, any sol-
dier who is known to have disposed of his al-
lowance to another, or any one who will make
any agreement on receiving such allowance, shall,
by order of the commanding officer of the regi-
ment be struck intirely out of the roll when
rum is delivered out, besides the punishment
that may be inflicted for such offence by a court-
martial.
The comanding officers of regiments are to en-
quire in their respective regiments for some ser-
jeant who is qualified for a provost, and send his
name and character to the adjutant-general.
If any of the patroles from the out posts should
O perceive 


106 GENERAL WOLFE's
perceive any boat or canoe, newly brought from
the other side, or hid near the shore, in such a
manner that gives room to think the enemy is
lurking in the woods, or intends it as a retreat,
they are immediately to give notice thereof to
the officer of the next post, who is immediately
to dress a proper ambuscade for them, and re-
port the same to the field officer of the picquet.
Brigadier general Townshend's brigade to be
ready to embark at a very short warning; their
tents to be left standing with a proper guard.
The line is never to turn out but when order-
ed; the quarter and other guards, and out-posts,
to turn out to the commander in chief only, with
shouldered arms, and but once a day; they are
to pass the usual compliments to the brigadier
generals.
The suttler who was drummed along the line
this day for keeping a disorderly tent, and insult-
ing an officer in the execution of his duty, is not
to be permitted to return, but if found in camp
is to be sent to the provost, and there kept in
irons.
Monthly returns to the 24th of June to be
sent in to the adjutant general as soon as possible.
ORDERS and REGULATIONS.
The object of the campaign is to compleat
the cenquest of Canada, and to finish the war
in America; the army under the commander in
chief will enter into the colony on the side of
Montreal, 


INTRUCTIONS. 107
Montreal, while the fleet and army attack the
governor general and his forces.
Great sufficiency of provisions, and a nume-
rous artillery is provided, and from the known
valour of the troops the nation expects success
These battalions have acquired reputation the last
campaign, and it is not doubted but they will
be careful to preserve it; from this confidence,
the general has assured the secretary of state in
his letters, that whatever may be the event of
this campaign, his majesty and the country will
have reason to be satisfied with the army under
his command.
The general means to carry the business through
with as little loss as possible, and with the highest
regard to the safety and preservation of the troops;
to that end he expects that the men work chear-
fully and diligently, without the least unsoldier-
like murmur or complaint, and that his few but
necessary orders should be strictly obeyed.
The General proposes fortifying his camp in
such a manner as to put it entirely out of the
enemy's power to attempt any thing by surprize,
and that the troops may rest in security after
their fatigues.
As the safety of an army depends in a great
measure upon the vigilance of the out posts, any
officer or non-commissioned officer who shall suf-
fer himself to be surprised, must not expect to be
forgiven.
When any alarm is given, or when the enemy
is perceived to be in motion, and that it be ne-
cessary


108 GENERAL WOLFE's
cessary to put the troops under arms, it is to be
done without noise or confusion.
The Brigades are to be ranged in order of bat-
tle by the brigadier generals at the head of the
camp, in readiness to obey the orders they shall
receive.
False alarms are hurtful to an army, and dis-
honourable to those that occasion them; the
out posts are to be sure the enemy is in motion,
before they send their intelligence. Soldiers are
not to go beyond the out-guards, the advanced
centinels will fire upon those who attempt to
pass beyond the proper bounds.
It may be proper to apprize the corps, that
the general may perhaps think it necessary to or-
der some of the light troops to retire before the
enemy at times, so as to draw them nearer the
army, with a view either to engage them
to fight at a disadvantage, or to cut off their
retreat.
The light infantry of this army are to have
their bayonets, as the want of amunition may at
sometimes be supplied by that weapon, and be-
cause no man should leave his post, under pre-
tence that all his cartridges were fired.
In most attacks of the night it must be re-
membered that bayonets ate preferable to fire.
that the service of the campaign may be full
as equal as possible upon the whole, the corps
shall do duty for their several strengths; no
changes shall be made in the first regulations,
unless any particular loss should make it necessary.
All


INSTRUCTIONS. 109
All cattle or provisions taken by any detach-
ment of the army is to be delivered into the
public magazines of the army, for the use and
benefit of the whole. M'Weir the commissary
will give receipts for it.
No churches, houses, or buildings of any
kind are to be burnt or destroyed without orders.
The peasants that remain in their habitations,
their women and children, are to be treated
with humanity; if any violence is offered to a
woman, the offender shall be punished with
death.
If any persons are detected in robbing the
tents of the officers or sutlers, they will be (if
condmemned) certainly executed.
The commanders of regiments are answerable
that no rum or spirits of any kind be sold in or
near the camp, when the soldiers are fatigued
with work or wet upon duty.
The general will order such refreshments as
he knows will be of service to them, but is de-
termined to allow no drunkenness or licentious-
ness in the army.
If any sutler has the presumption to bring
rum on shore, in contempt of the generals regu-
lations, such sutler shall be sent to the provost's
in irons, and his goods confiscated.
The general will make it his business, as far
as he is able, to reward such as shall particularly
distinguish themselves; and, on the other hand,
he will punish any misbehaviour in an exemplary
manner.
The


110 GENERAL WOLFE's
The brigadier generals are desired to inform
themselves, if the orders and regulations are
properly made known to their respective bri-
gades.
Three captains, three subalterns, and 350 men
are to parade to-morrow morning at four, in the
rear of Bragg's for the engineers; they are to be
relieved as usual.
Serjeant Prentice of Kennedy's regiment is ap-
pointed provost marshal, and is to be obeyed as
such.
Whenever any body of troops marches from
this camp no women are to go with them, or
follow, till further orders; they will be subsisted
here.
No woman to be petty sutler in the camp
without proper authority, on pain of being
struck off the provision rolls.
One serjeant and twelve men to parade this
evening at seven, in the rear of Lascelles's, for
a provost guard; Braggs's for this duty, and to
be relieved to-morrow at eight by Otway's.
Magazine and cattle guards as usual.
AFTER ORDERS.
Bragg's, Lascelles's, Monckton's, the light in-
fantry, rangers, and the three companies of gre-
nadiers to hold themselves in readiness to march
to-morrow morning at ten; they are to take half
their tents with them to the water-side. Those
who are not yet provided with four days provisions
are immediately to do it. As


INSTRUCTIONS. 111
As the ships that were to cover the landing,
cannot fall down to their proper stations this
day, the troops are not to embark, but be in
readiness,
Brigadier Townshend's brigade to give 400
men for work, to be relieved as usual.
Order of march for the troops that are to em-
bark.
Light infantry,
Grenadiers of the first brigade,
Grenadiers of Louisburg,
Grenadiers of brigade, Townshend's brigade,
Bragg's regiment,
Monckton's,
Lascelles's.
All these corps to be told off into detachments
of sixty men; the whole to march by the right
by files.
MONTMORENCI.
PAROLE WESTMORLAND.
July 9. A subaltern and twenty men of the
picquet of each regiment are to lie in the front
of the camp, and the whole to be ready to turn
out if it should be found necessary.
A third of each regiment and corps (except
the Louisbourg grenadiers) are to parade for
work at day-break, and to be relieved as usual.
A serjeant and twelve men of the grenadiers of
the first brigade to mount the general's guard
immediately, 


112 GENERAL WOLFE's
immediately, and to be relieved to-morrow
morning at eight by the same number of that
corps.
The Louisbourg grenadiers to work as usual.
When the regiment and corps receive provi-
sions, the quarter-masters are not to give the
whole to the men at a time, but only as it be-
comes due.
When any man is killed or wounded, the of-
ficer commanding the corps is to report it to the
adjutant-general.
Whenever a detachment has finished the work
they are sent upon, such as landing and carrying
of cannon, stores, &c. the officer commanding is
to report it to the head quarters, that his men
may be properly employed the remainder of their
time, or that the relieving detachment may be
directed where to work.
In order to preserve the health of the troops,
each regiment and corps are to make new neces-
sary-houses, at least every third day, and throw
some earth in them daily. They are to be made
by the front line as far advanced as they conve-
niently can, and those of the second line as far
in the rear of the whole encampment.
The quarter-guards of the front line are to ad-
vance at least 100 yards, and if necessary are to
throw up some little work to defend them.
Bragg's grenadiers to mount as a guard in the
new redoubt to night, and to remain there till
break of day.
As the enemy has been observed to work on a
battery


INSTRUCTIONS. 113
battery on the other side of the water, to can-
nonade the camp, it is necessary to extend to the
right to avoid their fire; the light infantry is
therefore to take post in the wood, Bragg's and
Monckton's are to decamp, and go to the ground
assigned them by the quarter-master general;
Otway's are to occupy the houses where the light
infantry now are; a company of grenadiers to
encamp in the redoubt; the artillery to be brought
close under the hill; two posts to be fortified,
one before Monckton's, and one before Bragg's.
A battery of six pieces of cannon to be marked
out immediately to oppose the enemy's fire; and,
as soon as it can conveniently be done, another
battery of four guns shall be erected upon the
summit of the hill overlooking the Fall, and
commanding the ground on the other side.
In cases when the security of the camp must
be immediately attended to, the troops must ex-
pect to meet with extraordinary fatigues; and as
they go through them with alacrity and spirit,
the general will not be sparing of such refresh-
ment as he thinks will conduce to keep them in
health.
When any centry of an out-post challenges,
and is answered, "friend," be is to say, with a
clear voice, "advance with the countersign;
when the person advances he is to receive him in
a proper posture of defence. Surprize may be
prevented without risking the lives of our own
soldiers.
The troops having lost provisions when they
P landed


114 GENERAL WOLFE's
landed here, and having gone through some fa-
tigue, the general has ordered them one day's
fresh provisions extraordinary; great care is re-
commended for the future, as such indigencies
will not be granted but on very uncommon exi-
gencies.
The regiments and corps may send for one
woman per company from the Point of Orleans.
The picquet of Bragg's, on the left, to be re-
lieved at six by a picquet of Monckton's, that of
Otway's, on the right, by a picquet of Lascelles.
The picquet on the left to be very attentive to
the opposite shore, and the grenadier company in
the redoubt is to detach a subaltern and twenty
men to be posted among the stones to the right
of this picquet.
Centinels at the out-posts to take notice of
general officers.
It is recommended in the strongest manner to
the commanding officers of corps to take very
particular care of the ammunition; when any
part of it is rendered unfit for immediate service,
it is to be delivered in to the artillery.
The first brigade of the grenadiers to be at
the water side this night at nine, with all their
baggage; when they arrive at the opposite side,
captain Leslie will provide them with carts for
their baggage.
The provision guard to be immediately aug-
mented to thirty men with an officer; the officer
commanding is to fortify his post with expediti-
on, in the best manner he can.
Four 


INSTRUCTIONS. 115
Four days provisions to be delivered to the
troops; the grenadiers and light infantry are not
to receive any of the small species; pork and
bread will be delivered as an equivalent.
The party at the landing-place to be relieved
this night by a subaltern and thirty men of An-
struther's.
The provisions must be removed from their pre-
sent inconvenient distance, to a spot under the lit-
tle redoubt, which the assistant quarter-master
general will pitch upon.
The six companies of grenadiers of the line
must be at the water-side this night at nine, with
all their baggage: capt Leslie will attend on the
opposite shore and provide them with carts.
The detachments ordered to cut fascines are to
have escorts of the light infantry; notice must
be sent to colonel Howe in time, that a body of
men are to be employed in that service at a par-
ticular hour, and the working party is not to go
into the wood till the light infantry is posted.
The general has ordered two sheep and some
rum to captain Casnum's company of grenadiers,
for the spirit they shewed in pushing those savage
Indians.
It is however recommended to the officers to
preserve their people with caution, lest they
should be drawn too far into the woods, and fall
into an ambuscade.
Any regiment or corps that has left spare am-
munition on board their ships, are to report
it to the brigade major of the day, naming the
ships, and specifying the quantities. The


116 GENERAL WOLFE's
The provision guard of Monckton's at the wa-
ter-side is to be drawn off, except a serjeant and
eight men, who are to go immediately to the
place where the provisions now are; this guard
to be relieved this evening by a serjeant and
eight men of Bragg's.
The usual manner of placing centinels in a
wood gives the enemy frequent opportunity of
killing single men at their posts; it is therefore
ordered, that when a covering party are to take
post in a wood, that it be divided into squads of
at least eight men each, and placed within con-
venient distance of each other, so as to be able
to communicate; half of these squads are always
to have their arms ready, which will not be very
fatiguing, since they are relieved in the same
manner the working parties are. - When the
strength of the covering party will admit of it,
there should be a reserve behind the center, and
the parties upon each extremity should be double
in number to the rest. All out-posts are to have
double centinels in the night, and they are to be
so near the guard that they can retire to it if
attacked.
The regiments of Bragg's, Lascelle's, and
Anstruther's are to be under arms this evening
at five, on the ground in the front of Otway's;
they are to receive their orders from general
Townshend.
Some molasses, and a gill of rum per man, to
be delivered to the troops this day.
The regiments and corps to be drawn up this
evening


INSTRUCTIONS. 117
evening at their alarm posts at five, that every
person may know where he is to be posted in
case of an alarm.
The regiments in the front line to march up
to the parapet in the front: captain Capel, with
the two companies in the post upon the right, is
to be drawn up in the post. - Anstruther's regi-
ment, ordered to support colonel Howe's corps,
is to be drawn up, one half on the right, one
half on the left, and to dress even with the light
infantry. - Otway's regiment to post a company
in each of the two lower batteries, and forty
men in the intrenched white house. Colonel
Fletcher, with the remainder of his regiment,
marches up the hill, and dresses with his left to
the redoubt, and his right to the intrenchment.
Lascelle's regiment to form with its left to ge-
neral Townshend's quarters, and its right to the
house occupied by captain Capel.
Before the regiments of the front line march
to their alarm posts, they are to strike their tents
and lay them flat, that the troops may be able to
manœuvre with as little difficulty as possible.
The Louisbourg grenadiers are to be in and
about the large redoubt.
The commanding officers of corps are to take
care to prevent the soldiers destroying the para-
pet, by taking out timber to burn. When wood
is wanted a number of men may be sent to cut
it, with a proper escort to cover them.
The troops in the redoubts and fortified posts
are


118 GENERAL WOLFE's
are to have seventy rounds of ammunition, which
they must put in the safest place they can.
Soldiers are not to be permitted to swim in
the heat of the day, but only in the morning and
evening.
Fifty men will be necessary to parade to-mor-
row morning at seven at the Laboratory Barn, to
receive further orders from the commanding
officer of the artillery.
On firing two cannon shot very quick from
the right of Bragg's, the whole line is to repair
forthwith to their alarm posts.
The guard at the water-side is to take up any
soldier that may be seen swimming between the
hours of nine in the morning and five in the
evening; this order to be read to the men.
Two hundred and fifty men to parade this
evening at the artillery ground at five; they will
receive their orders from Major M'Keller: when
major M'Keller has established the posts in the
front of the quarter-guard, an officer and eighteen
men of each guard are to march to the post
assigned them, leaving the remainder of his
guard in its present post, who will be reinforced
if necessary.
One captain, two subalterns, and fifty men of
major Hardy's detachment, to be posted in the
redoubt at night; one subaltern and thirty men
of that corps to be posted every evening at the
batteries where the grenadiers were posted.
AFTER 


INSTRUCTIONS. 119
AFTER ORDERS.
Bragg's and the Louisbourg grenadiers are im-
mediately to parade at the head of the Louisbourg
grenadier camp; they are to leave their tents
standing, and their baggage and provisions under
a small guard.
Herrin's rangers to occupy captain Parker's
post, Otway's to relieve Lascelles's grenadiers in
the redoubt by a captain and eighty men, also
to relieve the grenadiers post by a subaltern and
forty two men; Bragg's regiment to relieve the
grenadiers on the general's guard, and to send
a subaltern and twenty men to occupy their
breast-work opposite their grenadier encamp-
ment.
Monckton's to post a subaltern and twenty men
of their picquet where their grenadier company
was.
The regiment to parade one-third of their
men for work to-morrow as usual.
The light infantry to be ready to march at a
moment's warning.
The regiments and corps are to send for a gill
of rum per man, which the commanding officers
will order to be distributed to the men, in such a
manner as they shall think proper.
The picquet of Bragg's on the left to be re-
lieved at six by one of Monckton's; Otway's on
the right by one of Lascelles's.
One


120 GENERAL WOLFE's
One captain, two subalterns, and fifty men of
Braggss regiment for the redoubt this night.
Major Hardy's detachment to post a subaltern
and thirty men at the batteries, and twelve men
at the Point.
The regiments to parade one third of their
men for work to-morrow as usual.
As it is impossible to move at present to a better
ground, great care must be taken to air the tents
and dry the straw and ground.
AFTER ORDERS, Four.
The picquets of Bragg's and Otway's to parade
this evenining at six at head quarters; the half of
Herrin's company of rangers to parade at the same
time and place.
One captain, two subalterns, and seventy of
the light infantry to be ready to march directly ;
they will receive their orders from Colonel Howe.
ORDERS, Six.
Lascelles's regiment to encamp this evening on
the ground of Anstruther's, and half of Otway's
on Lascelles's ground : they are to shift their
tents at dusk. For the future the commanding
officers of the sascine-making parties are, when
relieved, to send a report to major M'Keller of
the number of their party, and the number of
fascines and picquets they have made, and to
pile them near the great redoubt.
Lascelles's
      


INSTRUCTIONS. 121
Lascelles's to take the post lately occupied by
Anstruther's.
The regiments to take care that the butchers
and others who kill meat always bury the offals.
Anstruther's is always to furnish any working
party, upon application made, with such a num-
ber of men as may be necessary to cover then.
Picquet for the left, Otway's ; for the right,
Bragg's; for the redoubt, Monckton's; general
and provision guard, Otway's.
The troops to receive provisions to-morrow to
28th inclusive; Otway's at five, Lascelles's at
seven, Bragg's at half past eight, Monckton's ten,
Anstruther's and Rangers half past eleven, and
artillery at one.
As fresh straw cannot conveniently be got for
the troops, it is recommended to the command-
ing officers to direct the cutting of spruce boughs
for that purpose.
The provision guard is to be augmented to
sixteen at night, and remain so till morning, at
which time the number added may return to
camp; the serjeant of this guard is to post four
centinels upon the beach, and all pretty near
each other.
The general strictly forbids the inhuman prac-
tice of scalping, except when the enemy are
Indians.
The troops to be ready to turn out at five this
evening, and take their posts as shall be directed.
When recovered men join their regiments, they
Q are


122 GENERAL WOLFE's
are to be kept off duty a week or ten days, as
the surgeon shall think best.
The troops to receive provisions to-morrow to
the 1st of August inclusive.
The regiments to be under arms at five this
afternoon at the head of their encampments, and
to wait there till sent for to their respective alarm
posts. The rest of the light infantry returns this
night from the Isle of Orleans to the camp at
Montmorenci; Colonel Howe will take his for-
mer post; Anstruther's, Otway's, and Lascelles's
will encamp upon their proper ground.
Great care to be taken by the regiments within
their respective encampments, and in their neigh-
bourhood, that all offal and filth of every kind,
which might taint the air, be buried deep un-
der ground; and the general recommends, in
the strongest manner, to the commanders of
corps to have their camps kept sweet and clean:
strict inquiry to be made in this camp, at the
Point of Orleans, and the Point of Levi, con-
cerning the conduct of the sutlers, and followers
of the army; any who are known to fell liquors
that intoxicate the men, are to be forthwith
dismissed, and sent aboard ship.
The regiments are not to call in their working
parties this evening, but are to exert themselves
in finishing the business of this post, that further
operations may take place.
The marines to wok as usual till they receive
orders to the contrary.
AFTER


INTRUCTIONS. 123
AFTER ORDER'S.
Two hundred men of the Royal American
battalion, with their blankets, and two days pro-
vision ready dressed, to be in readiness below the
Cove at eight in the morning, to embark in
four flat-bottom boats; this detachment is in-
tended to reinforce the company of grenadiers,
if there should be occasion: the boats are to row
up with the flood, but out of cannon shot, till
they are opposite the upper redoubt, when they
must rest upon their arms, and wait for further
orders.
Anstruther's regiment, the light infantry, and
rangers, are to march at nine, under Colonel
Howe's command, about a mile into the woods,
towards the ford where the Canadians and Indi-
ans are encamped; this body must skirt about
within the wood from the camp of the light
infantry to the road, but so as just to be seen from
the opposite side of the river by the enemy. As
major Hussey's corps will have been up most part
of the night, they are be to left to guard the camp
of the light infantry: colonel Howe will lengthen
his line of march, so as to appear numerous;
the remaining battalion will get under arms
when the water begins to ebb, in readiness to
cross the ford, if there should be absolute ne-
cessity for so doing; in the mean time they will
continue their work with all possible diligence
and assiduity. - If ships can be brought near
enough to operate, and the wind is fair, an at-
tack


124 GENERAL WOLFE's
tack will be made upon one of the enemy's most
detached works, in aid of which attack the ar-
tillery from hence must be employed. Brigadier
general Townshend will be pleased to give such
directions as he thinks most for service upon
this head.
In general the cannon can't be fired, nor even
be brought up to fire, till it is visible that the
attack will be made.
If the day is over hot, and no wind, this ope-
ration can't take place.
If the battalions should march, colonel Howe
must return to his camp in the most secret man-
ner. The marines must be brought into the two
redoubts where Lascelles's regiment takes post;
the remaining part of the Americans into the
great redoubt Hossen's company into the forti-
fied house; Anstruther's and the light infantry
will be ready to join the army.
When captain Cowart's detachment is not
wanted by the artillery, forty of his men are to
be put into the litte redoubt near his camp, the
rest into the great redoubt on the hill.
Major Guilliam is appointed to act as aid-de-
camp to the commander in chief till further
orders.
The check which the grenadiers met with
yesterday will, it is hoped, be a lesson to them
for the future. They ought to knew that such
in petuous, irregular, and unsolidier-like proceed-
ing destroys all order, and makes it impossible
for the commander to form an disposition for
an 


INSTRUCTIONS. 125
an attack, and puts it out of the general's power
to execute his plan. The grenadiers could not
suppose that they alone could beat the French
army, and therefore it was necessary that the
corps under Brigadiers Monckton and Town-
shend should have time to join, that the attack
might be general. The very first fire of the enemy
was sufficient to repulse men who had lost all
sense of order and military discipline. Amherst's
and the highland regiment alone, by the soldier-
like and cool manner in which they formed,
would undoubtedly have beat back the whole
Canadian army, if they had ventured to attack
them: the loss however is inconsiderable; and
may, if the men shew a proper attention to their
officers, be easily repaired when a favourable op-
portunity offers. The grenadiers of Louisbourg
are to remain in the Isle of Orleans till further
orders; lieutenant-colonel Murray is to com-
mand in that island.
The companies of grenadiers, of the battalion
in camp at Montmorenci, are to join their respec-
tive raiments; and those belonging to general
Monckton's corps are likewise to join their regi-
ments; the Highlanders are to go over to their
camp at Montmorenci.
MONTMORENCI.
Aug. 2- Every regiment and corps is to send
a return to the adjutant general the day after to-
morrow of their officers, non-commissioned offi-
cers, 


126 GENERAL WOLFE's
cers, and private men killed or wounded this
campaign, specifying, as they can best, the day
or night and place where it happened, and upon
what occasion. For the future reports of any
loss are to be made as soon as possible, and the
occasion specified.
Aug. 3. - As the general has provided good
store of rum for the men, half a gill may be de-
livered out regularly every day; and when the
weather is wet and cold, or when the men are
much fatigued with work or duty, a gill may be
delivered.
The ground within the three redoubts, in the
front of the line of battle, is to be kept as clear
as possible from huts and other obstacles that
might hinder the movement of the troops.
All the horses already collected, or that may
hereafter be driven in by our parties, are to be
taken to the Isle of Orleans, and turned out to
graze in the meadows.
Aug. 4. - The six companies of grenadiers to
be under arms at six this afternoon in the front
of the camp; the two companies of marines to
be out at exercise as often as they conveniently
can, and near their respective posts.
When a deserter comes in from the enemy,
the officer commanding the guard or post who
takes him up, is immediately to send him to head
quarters, and not permit him to be examined,
or any questions asked him, by any person what-
soever, till he is presented to the commander in
chief.
A subaltern 


INSTRUCTIONS. 127
A subaltern and twenty men of the company
of marines on the right, is to relieve the post
of marines at the lower battery this evening; the
two companies are to take this duty alternately;
the company on the left is always to give the ser-
jeant and nine for the Point. In case of an alarm
the officers commanding the party of twenty, is
to retire to the redoubt above the battery, leav-
ing such a number with the artillery officer as he
shall want. The provision guard, in that case,
is also to retire to the redoubt just above the pro-
visions.
August 6.- Lascelles's regiment marches this
night towards the village of -.
The light infantry not upon day, and that
part of Anstruther's off duty formed in the order
they were when last under arms, are to march
to-morrow at six two or three miles to the right
into the woods that are about the - where
small parties of rangers are to lead the files.
The battalions of Americans give no men for
work this afternoon, that they may be under
arms at six to exercise; Otway's gives none to-
morrow that they may have leisure to exercise.
August 7. - The commanding officers of regi-
ments and corps are to order the tools that are in
or about their encampments to be carefully col-
lected together, so that whatever number they
have over and above what they were at first or-
dered to receive for each regiment, may be imme-
diately sent to the artillery.
August 8. - The picquet on the left is by no
means 


128 GENERAL WOLFE's
means to cut any of the brush-wood round their
post, as has hitherto been practised.
Those regiments and corps that have got hand-
barrows from the artillery are forthwith to return
them, as they are much wanted.
9 - The two companies of grenadiers of the
Royal Americans are to embark in four flat-bot-
tom boats at six to-morrow morning, to fall
down with the tide and escort the generals as
low as-.
The grenadiers to take a day's provision with
them; this detachment to return with the flood.
A detachment of light infantry and Bragg's re-
giment to march early to-morrow morning there
or four miles into the woods in the same order
that Anstruther's marched; this corps is to keep
something more to the left, and then fall down
into the open country, supply themselves with
pease and other greens, and then return to camp.
10 - When any detachment sees or hears of the
enemy, the commander must send immediate
notice to the general.
When the escort that covers the working par-
ties are ported, they are to receive the enemy in
that situation till the commander thinks proper to
reinforce them, or call them off; in the mean
time the working men are to get under arms,
and wait for such orders as the commanding of-
ficer thinks proper to give.
The general was extremely surprized to see
the disorders that seemed to run through the
working parties this morning, and foresees, that
if


INSTRUCTIONS. 129
if a stop is not immediately put to such unsoldier-
like proceedings, the consequences must be very
dangerous. The men fired this day upon one
another, fired upon the light infantry, and were
scattered in such a manner, that a few resolute
people would have easily defeated them; it is
therefore ordered and commanded, that when
there is an alarm of this kind, every soldier re-
mains at his post till ordered to march by his
proper officer.
If any man presumes to detach himself, and
leave his platoon, the officer will make an im-
mediate example of him.
The general has ordered five guineas to be
given to the centinels of Otway's, for taking an
Indian alive, whose business it was to surprize
some negligent centinels, and assassinate them.
When a small party of volunteers proposes
themselves to lie in wait during the night, for
the reconnoitring parties, which the enemies may
push towards the camp, the general will give
thin leave to try it; and if any soldier kills an
Indian, or takes him alive (which is still more
difficult) he shall be handsomely rewarded.
The parties shall not consist of more than
fourteen or sixteen men, unless when a subaltern
commands, and in that case they may be of
twenty or twenty-five men.
When the soldiers are not employed in work,
they are to dress and clean themselves, so as to
appear under arms and upon all occasions in the
most soldier-like manner.
R Each 


130 GENERAL WOLFE's
Each regiment and corps are to parade a man
of a tent to-morrow morning at six, in the rear
of Monckton's, with their arms, and officers in
proportion to their number. They are to go
out for garden-stuff, and are to be covered by
that part of the five picquets of the line which is
not upon immediate duty; the whole to be com-
manded by major Morris.
A sixth of the men of each corps to parade at
six to-morrow, and work till ten.
Captain Porter's company of grenadiers, and
captain Isleback's company of marines, are to
hold themselves in readiness to pass over to the
Isle of Orleans, and relieve the grenadiers of
Louisbourg in their duty there.
As the enemy's light troops are continually ho-
vering about the camp, in hopes of surprizing
some small guard, or some of the centinels, it is
necessary to be very vigilant on duty; the out-
posts and guards in the redoubts are not to have
less than a third of their men under arms; and
for an hour before day, and for at least half an
hour after broad day-light, the whole are to be
under arms.
17. - Mr. Cameron, a volunteer in the light
infantry of Lascelles's regiment, having distin-
guished himself in an extraordinary manner in
the defence of a house, with only a serjeant and
sixteen men of Lascelles's light infantry, against
a body of Canadians and Savages, greatly supe-
rior in number, the general has ordered, that
the first vacant commission in the army be given
to 


INSTRUCTIONS. 131
to Mr. Cameron, as an acknowledgement of his
good conduct and very gallant behaviour. A
scalping party of general Bragg's regiment, com-
manded by a serjeant, distinguished themselves
upon the same occasion, and hastened to the
assistance of their friends with very great spirit.
Some detachments are to take post along the
coast to prevent the enemy from getting in their
harvest.
18. - If a soldier pretends to dispute the au-
thority of an officer of another corps, under
whose command soever he is, and if any soldier
presumes to use any indecent language to the
non-commissioned officers of his own, or any
other corps, such soldier shall be punished in an
exemplary manner.
The regiments and corps (the light infantry
excepted) are to be at the alarm post at five this
evening.
20 - If any woman refuses to serve as nurse in
the hospital, or leaves it without being regularly
dismissed by order of the director, she shall be
struck off the provision roll, and if found after-
wards in any of the camps she shall be turned
out immediately
25 - The out-posts and guards are to be most
careful for the future in stopping all soldiers who-
are found attempting to slip by them; it has
been observed, that fascines have been taken
away from the places where they were deposited
by order, and that picquets have been taken out
of the fraizing of the redoubts, any soldier wno
is found guilty of such irregularity will be most
severely


132 GENERAL WOLFE's
severely punished; the women are also forbid
this practice.
27. - Two subalterns and sixty Highlanders
under the command of lieutenant-colonel Mur-
ray are to take post in the house lately occupied
by the marines.
Sept. 7. - Brigadier Monckton's brigade con-
sists of the battalions of Amherst, Lawrence, and
Kennedy; brigadier Townshend's brigade is com-
posed of the battalions of Bragg, Lascelle's and
Highlanders; the third brigade, under brigadier
general Murray, is composed of the battalions of
Otway, Anstruther, and the grenadiers of Lou-
isbourg.
When the army is formed into two lines, the
second brigade forms the second line; when the
army is in a single line every brigade or corps is
to have one fourth part in reserve, about 200
paces in its rear.
When a brigade or battalion is in order of
battle in the neighbourhood of any house, cop-
pice, or strong ground in its front or flank, care
must be taken to throw a detachment into it.
The light infantry have no first post in the order
of battle, they will be thrown upon one or other
of the wings, with a view to take the enemy in
flank or rear, if occasions offers.
The general is too well acquainted with the
valour and good inclination of the troops to doubt
their behaviour. They know the enemy they
have to deal with to be irregular, cowardly, and
corrupt, a little vigilance however is necessary to
prevent surprizes; the corps must keep together,
must 


INSTRUCTIONS. 133
must not disperse, nor wander about the country.
The enemy will soon find that the artillery
and musketry of this chosen body of infantry is
sufficiently formidable.
When the coasts have been examined, and the
best landing place is pitched upon, the troops
will be ordered to disembark, perhaps this night's
tide.
The following battalions are to hold themselves
in readiness to go into the flat bottom boats, fifty
men in each boat, besides officers (viz.) Amherst's,
Kennedy's, Otway's, Anstruther's, and Murray's
corps of grenadiers.
Distribution of the flat-bottom Boats.
Amherst's six, Otway's eight, Kennedy's four,
Anstruther's six, Murray's six, total thirty.
If there be more men in any corps than the
boats can hold, according to the regulation of
fifty to a boat, they are to remain in their ships
till further orders.
These battalions will receive their orders from
brigadier general Monckton, who has brigadier
Murray under him.
One hundred of the light infantry, under ma-
jor Husseys command, from on board the Su-
therland, to be put in each of the armed vessels
when brigadier Monckton's corps moves.
It is intended that the Hunter Sloop, the
Armed Sloop, the Artillery Sloop, and the float-
ing batteries, should accompany the flat-bottom
boats when they have the troops on board.
The


134 GENERAL WOLFE's
The troops ordered for the first embarkation
to take two day's provision on board immediately.
At Anchor off CAPE ROUGE.
Sept. 8. - The Lovell transport, with the
Royal American battalion of Lawrence's on
board, and the Edward and Mary, with the light-
infantry, are to proceed with the tide, under
convoy of the hunter Sloop, and come to an an-
chor opposite Point au Tremble; the long boats,
with twelve pounders on board, to go with these
vessels, and enable the commanding officer to
put on an appearance of intending to land at that
point. The commander will receive further in-
structions from the general.
The five battalions are to embark in the flat-
bottom boats, so as to be in readiness to put off
with the first of the morning flood; and captain
Chads will be so good as to conduct them so as to
arrive at the landing place an hour and half be-
fore high water.
If the floating batteries cannot keep up with
the flat-bottom boats, captain Chads will order
some of the best rowing boats to take them in
tow.
When colonel Young perceives that brigadier
Monckton's corps is landed, he will fall down op-
posite the place, so that his corps and the light
infantry may be put on shore at low water if it
can be done.
The Ann and Elizabeth, with Bragg's regi-
ment on board, and the Howard, with Lascelles's
are 


INSTRUCTIONS. 135
are to fall down after the flat-bottom boats, and
anchor opposite the landing place, so that the
flat-bottom boats may endeavour to land them
the same tide, or if that cannot be done, at low
water. The debarkation of these troops, and
those under colonel Young, is to be directed by
Brigadier General Townshend.
The reft of the troops, will fall down next flood.
The king's commissaries are onboard the Em-
ployment transport, which has provisions on
board.
CAPE ROUGE.
Sept, 9. -As the weather is so bad that no
military operation can take place, and as the men
are excessively crowded in the transports, and in
the men of war, so as to endanger their health;
it is ordered, that the undermentioned troops be
landed at the mill upon the south shore, and that
they are cantoned in the village and church of
St. Nicholas, in readiness to embark at the first
signal. The signal to march and embark-by day,
will be two guns fired fast, and two slow, from
the Sutherland. The signal by night, will be
lights at the main top gallant mast-head of the
same ship, and two guns.
The Louisbiurg grenadiers from the - ships;
from the Adventure transport, of Otway's, 250 ;
from the - transport, of Anstruther's, 200;
from the same transport, of the Highlanders, 100;
from the Ward transport of Lascelles's, 160,
ditto, 


136 GENERAL WOLFE's
ditto Highlanders, 100; from the Ann and
Elizabeth, of Bragg's, 160, of the Highlanders,
100; from the Sutherland man of war, Am-
herst's grenadiers, 50; from the Leostoff man
of war 200 of Amherst's; total 1520- Brigadier
Monckton takes the command of these troops,
and Brigadier Murray is also for this duty.
The troops afloat to report to Brigadier Gene-
ral Townshend.
SUTHERLAND.
Sept. 11. - The troops ashore (except the light
infantry and Americans) are to be upon the beach
to-morrow morning at five, in readiness to em-
bark; the light infantry and Americans will em-
bark about eight.
The detachments of Artillery to be put on
board the armed sloops this day.
The troops to hold themselves in readiness to
land and attack the enemy.
As the Leostoff and Squirrel frigates are or-
dered to follow the flat-bottom boats, the troops
belonging to these ships are to remain on board,
and the boats intended for these corps are to take
in others, according to the following distribution.
Boats. 


INSTRUCTIONS. 137
Boats.
Stirling Castle 2
Diblin - 3
Alcide - 1
To take 50 each of Bragg's,
out of the Ann and Eliz-
abeth instead of Amherst's.
Pembroke 4
To take Kennedy's from Em-
ployment transport.
Vanguard - 4
Trident - 4
To take colonel Howe's corps
of light infantry from the
Ann and Mary.
Centurion - 2
Shrewsbury - 4
To take Anstruther's from
the George.
Medway - 2
Captain - 4
To take Lascelles's in five
boats from the Ward, and
to take Amherst's and the
American grenadiers from
the Sutherland.
There remains to be taken into the boats of
the fleet; 200 Highlanders, of which captain
Leslie's schooner takes 50, from the Ann and
Elizabeth; the remaining 150 Highlanders in the
Ward transport will be taken in the following
boats:
The Sutherland's long-boat 40; the Alcide 40,
Medway 40, and the Sutherland's cutter 15 ; the
next ships carry troops immediately after the flat-
bottom boats ;
Leostoff - 300 Amherest's,
Squirrel - 240 Louisb. grenadiers.
Race Horse - 250 Highlanders,
Three armed vessels 200 Light infantry.
Lovel transport - 400 Royal Americans,
Adventure - 400 Otway's. Total 1910
S The


138 GENERAL WOLFE's
The ordnance vessel with tools and artillery men.
One hundred and fifty Highlanders to be re-
moved from the George transport into the Sea
Horse frigate, 100 Highlanders to be removed
from the Ann and Elizabeth to the Sea Horse
frigate to-morrow evening, after the re-imbark-
ation of brigadier Monckton's corps.
Number of Boats.
Order of Troops
in the line of
Boats.
8 Light infantry,
6 Bragg's,
4 Kennedy's,
5 Lascelles's,
6 Anstruther's.
One flat-bottom boat, and the boats of the
fleet, to take the detachment of Highlanders
and American grenadiers.
Captain Chads has received the general's in-
structions in respect to the order in which the
troops are to move and land in: no officer must
attempt to make the least alteration, or interfere
with captain Chad's particular province, least (as
the boats move in the night) there be confusion
and disorder amongst them.
The troops will go into their boats to-morrow
night about nine, or when it is pretty near high
water; but the navy officers commanding the dif-
ferent divisions of boats, will approve of the
fittest time; and as there will be a necessity of re-
maining some part of the night in the boats, the
officers will provide accordingly, and the soldiers
shall have a gill of rum extraordinary to mix
with their water. Arms, 
s

INSTRUCTIONS. 39
Arms, Ammunition, and two days provisions
is all the soldiers are to take into the boats; the
ships, with the blankets, tents, necessaries, &c.
will soon be up.
SIGNALS.
1st. For the flat-bottom boats, with the troops
on board, to rendezvous abreast the Sutherland,
between her and the south shore, keeping near
her ; is, one light in the Sutherland's main-top-
mast shrowds.
2d. When they go away from the Sutherland
she will shew two lights in the main-top-mast
shrowds, one over the other.
The men are to be quite silent, and when they
are about to land, must not upon any account
fire out of the boats. The officers of the navy
are not to be interrupted in their part of the
duty. They will receive their orders from the
officer appointed to superintend the whole, to
whom they are answerable.
Officers of artillery, and detachments of gun-
ners, are put on board the armed sloops to regu-
late their fire, that in the hurry our own troops
may not be hurt by our artillery. Captain Yorke
and the officers will be particularly careful to
distinguish the enemy, and to point their fire
against them. The frigates will not fire till
broad day-light, so that no mistake can be made.
The officers commanding floating batteries
will receive particular orders from the general.
The troops will be supplied to-morrow to the
fourteenth.
Sutherland 


140 GENERAL WOLFE's
Sutherland, at Anchor off St. NICHOLAS.
Sept. 12 - The enemy's forces are now divi-
ded, great scarcity of provisions in their camp, and
universal discontent among the Canadian ; the
second officer in command is gone to Montreal
or St John's, which gives reason to think that
general Amherst is advancing into that colony:
a vigorous blow struck by the army at this junc-
ture may determine the fate of Canada : our
troops below are ready to join us; all the
light artillery and tools are embarked at the
Point of Levi, and the troops will land where
the enemy seems least to expect it.
The first body that gets ashore is to march di-
rectly to the enemy, and drive them to any little
posts they may occupy.
The officers must be careful that the succeed-
ing bodies do not by any mistake fire upon those
who go before them.
The battalions must form upon the upper
ground with expedition, and be ready to charge
whatever presents itself.
When the artillery and troops are landed, a
corps to be left to secure the landing place, while
the rest march on, and endeavour to bring the
French and Canadians to battle.
The officers and men will remember what their
country expects from them, and what a deter-
mined 


INSTRUCTIONS. 141
mined body of soldiers are capable of doing against
five weak battalions, mingled with a disorderly
peasantry.
The soldiers must be attentive to their officers,
and resolute in the execution of their duty.
END of the INSTRUCTIONS.
The Placart published by General JAMES
WOLFE, Commander in Chief of the
Troops of his Britannic Majesty, on his
Arrival in the River St. Lawrence, 1759.
THE king, justly exasperated against France,
has set on foot a considerable armament by
land and sea, to bring down the haughtiness
of that crown. His aim is to destroy the most
considerable settlements of the French in North
America: It is not against the industrious pea-
sants, their wives and children, nor against the
ministers of religion, that he designs making
war. He laments the misfortunes to which this
quarrel exposes them, and promises them his
protection, offers to maintain them in their pos-
sessions, and permits them to follow the worship
of their religion, provided that they do not take
any part in the difference between the two crowns
directly or indirectly.
The Canadians cannot be ignorant of their
situation: the English are masters of the river,
and


142 GEN. WOLFE's PLACART.
and blocking up the passage to all succours from
Europe. They have besides a powerful army on
the continent under the command of General
Amherst.
The resolution the Canadians ought to take,
is by no means doubtful: the utmost exertion of
their valour will be entirely useless, and will only
serve to deprive them of the advantages that they
mipht enjoy by their neutrality. The cruelties of
the French against the subjects of Great Britain
in America would excuse the most severe repri-
sals; but Englishmen are too generous to follow
barbarous examples. They offer to the Cana-
dians the sweets of peace, amidst the horrors of
war. It is left to them to determine their fate
by their conduct. If their presumption, and a
wrong-placed, as well as fruitless courage,
should make them take the most dangerous part,
they only will be blamed, when they shall groan
under the weight of that misery to which they
expose themselves.
General Wolfe flatters himself that the whole
world will do him justice, if the inhabitants of
Canada force him, by their refusal, to have re-
course to violent methods. He concludes, in
laying before them the strength and power of
England, which generously stretches out her
hand to them: a hand ready to assist them on all
occasions, and even at a time when France, by
its weakness, is incapable of assisting them, and
abandons them in the most critical moment.
END OF THE PLACART.


General WOLFE's Commissions, with their Dates.
James Wolfe, Gent. 2d Lieut. in Col. Edw.
Wolfe's Marines,
3 Nov. 1741
Ensign,
Lieut.
12 Foot, Duroures -
27 March, 1742.
14 July, 1743.
Captain, 4 Foot, Barrell's - 23 June, 1744.
Major, 33 Foot Johnson's - 5 Feb. 1746-7.
Major, 20 Foot, Lord George Scakville,
Lord Bury,
5 Jan. 1748-9.
Lieutenant Colonel, 20 Foot, Lord Bury,
Honywood, Kingsley,
20 March, 1749-50
Colonel, Brevet, - 21 Oct. 1757.
Brigadier General, in America, - 23 Jan. 1758.
Colonel, 67 Foot - 21 April, 1758.
Major General, - 1759.
Killed at Quebec, 13 Sept. 1759, after a glorious victory.
HOUSE of COMMONS.
WEDNESDAY, Nov. 21st, 1759.
RESOLVED,
THAT an humble address be presented to his Majesty,
most humbly to desire his Majesty, that he will be graci-
ously pleased to give directions, that a monument be erected in
the collegiate church of St Peter, Westminster, to the memory of
the ever lamented late commander in chief of his Majesty's
land forces, on an expedition against Quebec, Major General
JAMES WOLFE, who, surmounting by ability and valour
all obstacles of art and nature, was slain in the moment
of victory, at the head of his conquering troops, in the arduous
and decisive battle against the French army, near Quebec,
fighting for their capital of Canada, in the year 1759; and to
assure his Majesty, this house will make good the expence of
erecting the said monument.- At the same time it was resol-
ved, That the thanks of the house be given to the Admirals
and Generals employed in this glorious and successful expedi-
tion against Quebec.


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