U.S WAR DEPT. , FIELD MANUAL 
f MILITARY GOVERNMENT. 
r FM 27-5. FM 27-5 
WAR DEPARTMENT 
BASIC FIELD MANUAL 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT FM 27-5 
BASIC FIELD MANUAL 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Prepared under direction of 
The Judge Advocate General 
UNITED STATES 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
WASHINGTON ; 1940 
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - Price 10 cents WAR DEPARTMENT, 
Washington, July 30, 1940. 
FM 27-5, Military Government, is published for the infor- 
mation and guidance of all concerned. 
[A. G. 062.11 (5-23-40).] 
order of the Secretary of War; 
G. C. MARSHALL, 
Chief of Staff. 
Official : 
E. S. ADAMS, 
Major General, 
The Adjutant General. TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Section I. General. Paragraph Page 
Scope 1 1 
Purpose 2 1 
Definition 3 1 
Occasion 4 1 
Authority 5 1 
Planning 6 2 
Procurement of personnel 7 2 
Training 8 2 
II. Policies. 
Basic 9 3 
Secondary 10 4 
III. Civil Affairs Section of the Staff of the 
Commanding General, Theater of Op- 
erations. 
Establishment 11 6 
Officer in charge of civil affairs 12 7 
Organization 13 7 
Uniform worn by personnel on civil af- 
fairs duty 14 9 
IV. Organization. 
General 15 10 
States or provinces 16 10 
Military districts 17 10 
Tactical units as organs of military gov- 
ernment 18 11 
Counties and cities 19 12 
V. Military Tribunals. 
General 20 12 
Establishment 21 12 
Kinds 22 12 
Composition 23 13 
By whom appointed 24 13 
Jurisdiction . 25 13 
Bail 26 14 
Procedure 27 14 
Sentences 28 15 
Records 29 17 
Disposition of fines 30 17 
Approval, confirmation, and review 31 17 
Civil cases 32 18 
VI. Phases. 
Phases 33 19 
VII. Proclamation. 
Time of issuance 34 20 
Form and character 35 21 
Contents 36 21 
VIII. Ordinances. 
Time of issuance 37 21 
Form and character 38 22 
Contents 39 22 
III TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Appendix I. Summons to Defendant. Paragraph Page 
General 1 24 
Directions printed inside of book 2 24 
Form of summons 3 25 
11. Subpoena for Civilian Witness Before 
Military Tribunal. 
General 1 27 
Form for subpoena 2 27 
Directions to be printed on back of 
form 3 28 
111. Charge sheet 29 
IV. Proclamation 31 
V. Ordinances. 
Identification 1 33 
Circulation 2 34 
Meetings, parades, speeches, songs, and 
music 3 25 
flag, national anthem, and uni- 
form 4 37 
Communication by mail, telegraph, 
cable, telephone, radio, pigeon, and 
otherwise 5 37 
Newspapers, magazines, and books 6 39 
Photographs 7 41 
Manufactures and commerce 8 41 
Prices 9 41 
Arms, ammunition, and explosives 10 42 
Intoxicating liquors and narcotics 11 44 
Sanitation and public health 12 44 
Prostitution 13 45 
Taxes, contributions, supplies, and 
requisitions 14 45 
Billeting 15 47 
Various offenses 16 48 
Military tribunals 17 49 
Claims, petitions, and complaints 18 59 
Index 60 
IV FM 27-5 
BASIC FIELD MANUAL 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Section I 
GENERAL 
■ 1. Scope.—This manual deals primarily with the policy of 
military government and its administration. Chapter 10, 
FM 27-10 (now published as BPM, Vol. VII, pt. two), deals 
primarily with the legality of military government. The 
chapter cited tells what may legally be done, this manual 
what it is advisable to do. 
■ 2. Purpose.—The purpose of this manual is to furnish a 
guide for the War Department in planning military govern- 
ment, for commanders and their staffs in its establishment, 
and for personnel of all ranks in its operation. 
■ 3. Definition.—Military government is that form of gov- 
ernment which is established and maintained by a belligerent 
by force of arms over occupied territory of the enemy and 
over the inhabitants thereof. In this definition the term 
territory of the enemy includes not only the territory of an 
enemy nation but also domestic territory recovered by military 
occupation from rebels treated as belligerents. 
■ 4. Occasion.—The military occupation of enemy territory 
suspends the operation of the enemy’s civil government 
therein. It therefore becomes necessary for the occupying 
power to exercise the functions of civil government in the 
maintenance of public order. Military government is the 
organization through which it does so. 
S 5. Authority.—The exercise of military government is a 
command responsibility, and full legislative, executive, and 
judicial authority is vested in the commanding general of 
the theater of operations. By virtue of his position he is the 
military governor of the occupied territory and his supreme 
authority is limited only by the laws and customs of war. 
1 5-8 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
particularly those set out in chapter 10, PM 27-10, and by 
such instructions as he may receive from higher authority. 
B 6. Planning.—The Personnel Division (G-l) of the War 
Department General Staff is responsible for the preparation 
of plans for and the determination of policies with respect 
to military government. The personnel section (G-l) of the 
staff of the commanding general, theater of operations, will, 
in advance of the necessity for the establishment of military 
government, make such further and more detailed plans 
therefor as may be necessary. 
B 7. Procurement of Personnel.—Pursuant to the plans 
made as provided in paragraph 6, the necessary personnel, 
commissioned, warrant, and enlisted, will be selected and pro- 
cured. If the war is such as to require the maximum man 
power of the United States for combat and if hostilities are 
still in progress or only temporarily suspended, personnel for 
military government should be selected from those unsuited 
for combat duty by age, physical disability, existence of 
dependents, or otherwise. They should be selected by rea- 
son of knowledge or experience particularly fitting them 
for the work to which it is anticipated that they will be 
assigned. Those having experience in a former military 
government, in our own Federal government, or in that of 
a state, county, or city, or in public utilities, or as lawyers, 
physicians, civil engineers, and those well acquainted with 
the country to be occupied by former residence or travel 
therein are especially valuable. Knowledge of the language 
of the inhabitants is highly desirable but not indispensable. 
Civilian citizens of the United States should not be em- 
ployed in military government. If particularly suitable 
individuals, not in the military service, are available and de- 
sired, they should be commissioned, warranted, or enlisted. 
Insofar as tactical requirements permit, selection and pro- 
curement of personnel will be made long enough in advance 
of the necessity for their use to permit their adequate 
instruction and training. 
B 8. Training.—The Personnel Division (G-l) of the War 
Department General Staff plans and supervises the instruc- 
2 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
8-9 
tion and training of the personnel necessary for military 
government. In accordance with such plans and subject to 
such supervision, the personnel section (G-l) of the staff of 
the commanding general, theater of operations, makes such 
further and more detailed plans as may be necessary with 
respect to such instruction and training, so far as they may 
be carried on in that theater, and supervises them. So far 
as time and available facilities permit, the instruction will 
cover the law and practice of military government, the his- 
tory of such governments in the past, and the language, 
geography, history, economics, government, and politics of 
the country to be occupied. In advance of the need for its 
use, the Military Intelligence Division (G-2) of the War De- 
partment General Staff will furnish data on the subjects last 
mentioned which may be used for instructional purposes. 
These data will be furnished to the theater commander and 
distributed to all officers and warrant officers employed in 
military government and to such enlisted men as may 
need them. 
Section II 
POLICIES 
■ 9. Basic.—Any plan of military government should con- 
form to the following basic policies: 
a. Military necessity.—The first consideration at all times 
is the prosecution of the war to a successful termination. So 
long as hostilities continue, the question must be asked, with 
reference to every intended act of the military government, 
whether it will forward that object or hinder its accomplish- 
ment. The administration of military government is subordi- 
nate to military necessities involving operations, security, 
supply, transportation, and housing of our troops. If hostili- 
ties are suspended by an armistice or otherwise, all plans and 
dispositions must be made so that the troops may resume 
hostilities with the least inconvenience to themselves and to 
the operations of the military government, and, above all, 
under conditions most conducive to a successful termination 
of the war. 
b. Welfare of the governed.—Subject only to the foregoing, 
military government should be just, humane, and as mild as 
3 9-10 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
practicable, and the welfare of the people governed should 
always be the aim of every person engaged therein. As mili- 
tary government is executed by force, it is incumbent upon 
those who administer it to be strictly guided by the principles 
of justice, honor, and humanity—virtues adorning a soldier 
even more than other men for the very reason that he 
possesses the power of his arms against the unarmed. Not 
only religion and the honor of the Army of the United States 
require this course but also policy. The object of the United 
States in waging any war is to obtain a favorable and endur- 
ing peace. A military occupation marked by harshness, in- 
justice, or oppression leaves lasting resentment against the 
occupying power in the hearts of the people of the occupied 
territory and sows the seeds of future war by them against 
the occupying power when circumstances shall make that 
possible; whereas just, considerate, and mild treatment of 
the governed by the occupying army will convert enemies 
into friends. 
c. Flexibility.—A plan for military government must be 
flexible. It must suit the people, the country, the time, and 
the strategical and tactical situation to which it is applied. 
It must not be drawn up too long in advance or in too much 
detail, and must be capable of change without undue incon- 
venience, if and when experience shall show change to be 
advisable. 
d. Economy of effort.—Every man engaged in military gov- 
ernment is withdrawn either from the combatant forces or 
from productive labor at home. All plans and practices should 
be adopted with a view of reducing to the minimum con- 
sistent with the proper functioning of military government 
the number of the personnel of our Army employed in that 
government and the amount of work required of them. 
e. Permanence.—The system of military government should 
be planned so as to provide permanence for the duration of 
the occupation, and thus insure continuity of policy. Fre- 
quent changes in personnel or policy are to be avoided. 
■ 10. Secondary.—As corollaries of the foregoing basic poli- 
cies, the following policies should be followed in the planning 
and operation of military government. Experience in former 
military governments shows the desirability of so doing. 
4 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
10 
a. Supremacy of the commanding general.—lt follows from 
the basic policy of military necessity (par. 9a) that the com- 
manding general of the theater of operations, who is respon- 
sible for the success of the army there operating, must also 
have full control of military government therein. (See 
par. 5.) 
b. Separate personnel for military government.—lt also 
follows from the basic policy of military necessity (par. 9a) 
that, so long as hostilities continue, personnel of combatant 
units should not be charged with any responsibility for mili- 
tary government, and separate personnel should be provided 
therefor. If hostilities are suspended by an armistice or other- 
wise, duties with respect to military government may properly 
be imposed upon the personnel of combatant units only if the 
probability of a resumption of hostilities is extremely remote. 
c. Retention of existing civil personnel.—lt follows from 
the basic policy of economy of effort (par. 9d) that, so far as 
reliance may be placed upon them to do their work loyally and 
efficiently, subject to the direction and supervision of the 
military government, the executive and judicial officers and 
employees of the occupied country, its states, provinces, coun- 
ties, and municipalities should be retained in their respective 
offices and employments, and held responsible for the proper 
discharge of their duties. If unwilling to continue in the 
performance of their duties, they may, as a matter of inter- 
national and military law, be compelled to do so, any law of 
their own country to the contrary notwithstanding, provided 
the services required do not involve them in military opera- 
tions against their own country. Whether officers and em- 
ployees shall be required to serve against their will is a ques- 
tion of policy only, to be decided by the proper authorities of 
the military government in the light of the circumstances. 
The personnel of the military government should, so far as 
possible, deal with the inhabitants through the officers and 
employees of their own government. 
d. Avoidance of changes in existing laws, customs, and 
institutions.—The existing laws, customs, and institutions of 
the occupied country have been created by its people, and are 
presumably those best suited to them. They and the officers 
and employees of their government are familiar with them, 
243639°—40 2 
5 10-11 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
and any changes will impose additional burdens upon the 
military government. Therefore, it follows from the basic 
policies of welfare of the governed (par. 9d) and economy of 
effort (par. 9d) that the national and state laws and local 
ordinances of the occupied territory should be continued in 
force, the habits and customs of the people respected, and 
their governmental institutions continued in operation, ex- 
cept insofar as military necessity (par. 9a) or other cogent 
reasons may require a different course. 
e. Retention of existing 'political divisions.—The people of 
the country occupied, and the officers and employees of their 
government are familiar with the existing division of the 
country into states or provinces, counties or departments, 
and cities or communes. The laws and ordinances in force 
in one of these divisions are often different from those in 
another and would be unsuitable in that other. Disregard of 
these divisions will be disadvantageous to the people and place 
additional burdens upon the military government. It there- 
fore follows from the basic policies of welfare of the governed 
(par. 9b) and economy of effort (par. 9d) that the military 
government should be so organized that its territorial divi- 
sions coincide with those previously existing, except insofar 
as military necessity (par. 9a) or other cogent reasons require 
a different course. 
Section 111 
CIVIL AFFAIRS SECTION OP THE STAFF OP THE COM- 
MANDING GENERAL, THEATER OF OPERATIONS 
■ 11. Establishment.—Whenever the establishment of mili- 
tary government is contemplated, the commanding general 
of the theater of operations will create a section of his staff, 
called the civil affairs section or the office for civil affairs, or 
by a similar title. Thereafter, pursuant to the policy of 
separate personnel for military government (par. 10b), 
though they will consult together whenever necessary and 
coordinate their policies, the general and special sections of 
the military staff of the commanding general will have no 
responsibilities with respect to civil government, and the 
civil affairs section will have no responsibilities with respect 
to military matters. 
6 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
12-13 
■ 12. Officer in Charge of Civil Affairs.—a. Position, 
qualifications, and rank.—The officer in charge of civil affairs 
will be the head of the civil affairs section of the staff of the 
commanding general of the theater of operations. He will 
be most carefully selected for his knowledge of, experience in, 
and qualifications for military government, and should have 
rank commensurate with his important responsibilities. 
b. Duties.—The duties of the officer in charge of civil affairs 
are— 
(1) Adviser to the commanding general and the staff on 
matters pertaining to the administration of civil affairs in 
occupied territory. 
(2) Handling for the commanding general, in accordance 
with his approved policies, matters in connection with such 
military supervision or control of civil affairs as is necessary. 
(3) Supervision of civil affairs in subordinate territorial 
commands. 
■ 13. Organization.—The civil affairs section will be organ- 
ized in such manner as the officer in charge of civil affairs, 
subject to the approval of the commanding general, shall 
decide. A type organization of such a section by departments 
follows, suitable for the occupation of a territory of consider- 
able size for some time; but departments may be combined 
or omitted, or the work of the section otherwise divided, as 
the exigencies of the particular occupation may require or 
as experience may show to be advisable. If the country oc- 
cupied has a well organized civil government whose personnel 
remain at their posts and perform their duties satisfactorily, 
the volume of work falling upon the military government will 
be much diminished and it may be possible to combine some of 
the departments or omit them. 
a. Public works and utilities.—This department will super- 
vise railroads, canals, harbors, rivers, lighthouses, buoys, 
roads, bridges, busses, trucks, street railways, gas, electricity, 
water works, sewerage, drainage, irrigation, forests, and the 
like. The officer in charge of it should be an engineer by 
profession. 
b. Fiscal.—This department will supervise the financial 
affairs of the occupied territory, Including taxes, customs, dis- 
7 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
bursements, coinage, currency, foreign exchange, banks, stock 
exchanges, and similar matters. It will receive any taxes, 
contributions, fines, or penalties collected by the military gov- 
ernment. It will establish an adequate audit of the financial 
transactions of the military government and such additional 
audit of the financial transactions of the civil government as 
may be necessary for the purposes of military government. 
The officer in charge of this department should have had 
wide experience in financial matters. 
c. Public health—This department will exercise supervision 
'''over the public health, including sanitation, the control of 
communicable diseases, the protection of food, milk, and 
water supply, hospitals, drugs, the practice of medicine, den- 
tistry, midwifery, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine, diseases 
of animals, and similar matters. The officer in charge of this 
department will be a doctor of medicine, preferably with 
training and experience as a health officer. 
d. Education.—This department will supervise universities, 
colleges, and schools of all sorts, public and private. The 
officer in charge of it should have had experience in the 
teaching profession, preferably as an executive. 
e. Public safety.—(l) This department will have as its 
most important responsibility the maintenance of order and 
prevention of crime among the civilian population. It will 
supervise civilian police, prisons, and fire departments, the 
traffic in liquor and narcotics, the circulation of civilians, 
identification cards, and similar matters. 
(2) The military intelligence section of the general staff 
will establish policies, and, in consultation with this depart- 
ment, will prepare orders and regulations with respect to 
censorship. The duty of supervising their enforcement upon 
the inhabitants is a responsibility of this department. 
Though this department will not have charge of the military 
police, it will consult with the Provost Marshal General as to 
their activities insofar as they are used as an agency for the 
purposes above mentioned. 
(3) The officer in charge of this department should have 
had experience in military or civilian police duties. 
/. Legal.—The duties of this department will include the 
following and similar matters: 
8 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
13-14 
(1) Supervision of military commissions and provost courts, 
examination of their records and advice with respect to action 
thereon, and filing of such records. 
(2) Supervision of the civil courts, of public prosecutors, 
and of the practice of law. 
(3) Legal advice to the commanding general, the officer in 
charge of civil affairs, and other personnel engaged in mili- 
tary government in respect to the operation of such govern- 
ment and matters concerning it. 
(4) The consideration of claims of inhabitants of the 
occupied territory against the United States or its officers, 
enlisted men, or employees; and of claims by the United 
States, its officers, enlisted men, or employees against the 
enemy country, its states, provinces, counties, cities, com- 
munes, or inhabitants. The officer in charge of this depart- 
ment should be a lawyer by profession, preferably one expe- 
rienced in governmental or municipal matters. 
g. Communication.—This department will supervise the 
postal service, telegraphs, telephones, radio, and other means 
of communication among the inhabitants of the occupied 
territory and between such inhabitants and other countries 
and territories. Though this department will not supervise 
censorship, its personnel will cooperate in its enforcement. 
The officer in charge of this department should have had 
experience in the postal service or in connection with tele- 
graphs, telephones, or the radio. 
h. Public welfare.—This department will supervise the care 
of the poor, infants, children, and the aged, and all charitable 
institutions and organizations. The officer in charge of it 
should have had experience as a welfare worker or in chari- 
table institutions. 
i. Economics.—This department will supervise the agricul- 
ture, manufactures, and trade of the occupied territory, its 
mines and oil wells, exports and imports, the supply of the 
inhabitants with food, fuel, and other necessaries, the supply 
of labor, strikes, lock-outs, and disputes, and like matters. 
The officer in charge of this department should have had 
experience in the matters with which it deals. 
■ 14. Uniform Worn by Personnel on Civil Affairs Duty.— 
All persons on civil affairs duty will wear the uniform of their 
9 14-17 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
arm or service and insignia of grade and in addition a purple 
arm band bearing the letters “CA” in white, or such other 
distinctive device as the commanding general of the theater 
of operations may direct. 
Section IV 
ORGANIZATION 
■ 15. General.—The officer in charge of civil affairs on the 
staff of the commanding general, theater of operations, will 
submit to the commanding general timely recommendations 
as to the organization of military government, which will be 
such as the commanding general may direct. The organiza- 
tion will depend upon the tactical situation, the geography 
and civil government of the occupied territory, the extent to 
which reliance may be placed upon its officers to remain at 
their posts and perform their duties satisfactorily, the char- 
acteristics and disposition of the people, and other attendant 
circumstances. If hostilities are still in progress, or, even if 
they are suspended, if there is any likelihood of their re- 
sumption, pursuant to the policy of separate personnel for 
military government (par. 10b), tactical units should not be1 
made organs of military government, nor should any duties 
with respect to military government be imposed upon their 
commanding generals or officers, staffs, or personnel. 
■ 16. States or Provinces.—Pursuant to the policy of reten- 
tion of existing political divisions (par. 10c), if the occupied 
territory is divided into states or provinces, it will generally be 
advisable to detail an officer in charge of civil affairs for each 
state or province occupied, with station at its capital, and to 
furnish, him with appropriate commissioned, warrant, and 
enlisted assistants. His office should be organized similarly to 
that of the civil affairs section at headquarters of the theater 
of operations, though so many departments may not be 
needed. 
■ 17. Military Districts.—lf the occupied territory is not 
divided into states or provinces, but has been or shall be 
divided by the commanding general, theater of operations, for 
administrative purposes into districts or sections, as was done 
10 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
17-18 
by the commander in chief, American Expeditionary Forces 
in France, the commanding general of each such district or 
section may be directed to assume responsibility for military 
government therein, to detail an officer in charge of civil 
affairs, and to set up a civil affairs section of his staff, which 
should be organized as above stated (par. 13). 
■ 18. Tactical Units as Organs of Military Government.— 
a. Armies, corps, and divisions.—lf hostilities have ceased or 
if they have been suspended and the probability of their re- 
sumption is remote, armies, corps, and divisions may be used 
as organs of military government, and the commanding gen- 
eral of each army, corps, or division may be directed to assume 
responsibility for military government in the area occupied 
by his unit, to detail an officer in charge of civil affairs, and 
to set up a civil affairs section of his staff. 
b. Smaller tactical units.—Upon the same conditions and 
in a similar manner, smaller tactical units may be used as 
organs of military government, but in general the smaller 
the unit the smaller is its staff, the more desirable it is that 
the commanding officers and staff devote their time and 
energy solely to the training of their men, and the greater 
is the risk that it will not function satisfactorily as an organ 
of military government. 
c. Staffs.—Whenever any tactical unit is used as an organ 
of military government, the staff of the commanding general 
or officer should be organized, insofar as concerns military 
government, like that of the commanding general of the 
theater of operations (par. 13), except that in general the 
smaller the tactical unit the smaller the civil affairs section 
will be and the fewer the number of its departments. Pur- 
suant to the basic policy of permanence (par. 9e), whenever 
a tactical unit used as an organ of military government is 
moved, its civil affairs section should be transferred to the 
staff of the new unit occupying the same area, or otherwise 
retained on the same duties. 
d. Boundaries of areas.—Pursuant to the policy of reten- 
tion of existing political divisions (par. lOe), the boundaries 
of the area occupied by a unit used as an organ of 
military government should coincide with existing political 
boundaries. 
11 19-22 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
O 19. Counties and Cities.—ln most countries there will be 
found a political division of approximately the size of an 
American county, called county, department, Kreis, or by 
some other name. It will generally be found advisable to 
detail an officer to supervise the government of each such 
division. It will also generally be found advisable to detail 
an officer to supervise the government of each incorporated 
city, except very small ones. Such an officer may be called 
the officer in charge of civil affairs for the county or the 
city, or by a similar title. Such assistants, if any, as the 
nature and volume of the work require will be furnished him. 
Section V 
H 20. General.—Military tribunals will be of the kind, num- 
ber, and composition, shall have such jurisdiction and powers, 
shall follow such procedure, and keep such records, as the 
commanding general, theater of operations may direct. 
Experience in past military occupations by the Army of the 
United States has shown such an organization as the follow- 
ing to be advisable, but it may be modified as the circum- 
stances of the particular occupation may require. 
MILITARY TRIBUNALS 
ffl 21. Establishment.—As soon as practicable after entry 
into the enemy’s territory, the commanding general of the 
theater of operations will establish necessary military tri- 
bunals, and by publication of ordinances (sec. VIII) or other 
appropriate method will notify the inhabitants thereof of the 
offenses for which they may be tried by such tribunals, and of 
the punishments which such tribunals may impose. 
B 22. Kinds.—ln general, there will be three kinds of military 
tribunals— 
Military commissions. 
Superior provost courts. 
Inferior provost courts. 
Special tribunals may be established for the trial of vagrants, 
prostitutes, juveniles, or other classes of offenders, or for civil 
cases (par. 32). 
12 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
23-25 
■ 23. Composition.—a. A military commission shall consist 
of any number of officers not less than five, one of whom 
shall be the law member, a trial judge advocate, and a defense 
counsel. One or more assistant trial judge advocates and 
assistant defense counsel may be appointed. 
b. A superior provost court shall consist of one officer, who 
shall be an officer of field grade unless none such is available. 
c. An inferior provost court shall consist of one officer. 
■ 24. By Whom Appointed.—a. Military commissions may be 
appointed by the commanding general of the theater of oper- 
ations only, and, if that power shall be delegated by him to 
them, by the commanding generals of armies, corps, divisions, 
or military districts, or by the officers in charge of civil affairs 
for states, provinces, or military districts. 
b. Superior provost courts may be appointed by the com- 
manding general of the theater of operations, by the com- 
manding generals of armies, corps, or divisions if those units 
areusedas organs of military government,and by the officers in 
charge of civil affairs for states, provinces, or military districts. 
c. Inferior provost courts may be appointed as are superior 
provost courts and also by the commanding officers of smaller 
tactical units used as organs of military government and by 
officers in charge of civil affairs for counties or cities. If but 
a single officer is on duty in a tactical unit used as an organ 
of military government or if but a single officer is on duty in 
connection with civil affairs in a county or city, such officer 
shall be an inferior provost court. 
■ 25. Jurisdiction.—a. Over persons.—The military tribunals 
herein enumerated shall have jurisdiction over all persons 
within the occupied territories except those having diplomatic 
immunity and those subject to the military or naval law of 
the United States or of countries allied or associated with 
the United States. Persons subject to the military law of the 
United States charged with offenses will be tried by court 
martial. 
b. Over offenses.—The military tribunals herein enumer- 
ated have jurisdiction over all acts or omissions made crimes 
or offenses by the laws of the country occupied, over offenses 
against the laws of war, and over violations of the proclama- 
243639°—40 3 
13 25-27 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
tions, ordinances, regulations, or orders promulgated by the 
commanding general, theater of operations, or by any of his 
subordinates within the scope of his authority. However, if 
the courts of the occupied country are open and functioning 
satisfactorily, they should be permitted to try persons charged 
with offenses against the laws of that country not involving 
the United States, its property, rights, or interests, or the 
person, property, or rights of a member of the occupying 
forces. The commanding general, theater of operations, or, 
if that power is delegated to him, a subordinate officer in 
charge of civil affairs, may withdraw any case or class of 
cases from a court of the occupied country and direct that 
it or they be dropped or tried by a military tribunal. Such 
power should be exercised with respect to any prosecution 
inimical to the interests of the United States. Each military 
tribunal Jiall have jurisdiction over such charges only as may 
be referred to it for trial by the officer appointing it or his 
successor. If that officer shall consider charges deserving of 
severer punishment than can be imposed by the court to 
which he may refer them, he will forward them to higher 
authority, recommending reference to a higher tribunal. An 
officer who is an inferior provost court because he is the only 
officer present may try such charges as he or others may 
prefer, or may forward them to higher authority. 
B 26. Bail.—As soon as conditions render it practicable to 
do so, the commanding general of the theater of operations, 
or, if that power is delegated by him to them, subordinate 
commanders or officers in charge of civil affairs will issue 
orders announcing in what cases, under what conditions, and 
by whom persons awaiting trial by military tribunals may be 
admitted to bail or released without bail but with a summons 
to appear for trial. Admission to bail and release without bail 
but with summons are matters of discretion and not of right. 
H 27. Procedure.—a. Military commissions.—The procedure! 
of military commissions shall be the same as that of general 
courts martial, except insofar as obviously inapplicable. 
b. Provost courts.—The procedure of provost courts shall 
be the same as that of summary courts martial, except insofar 
as obviously inapplicable. 
14 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
27-28 
c. Counsel.—Every defendant before a military tribunal is 
entitled as a matter of right to counsel of his own selection 
and at his own expense, but military counsel will be provided 
only before military commissions. 
d. Attendance of witnesses.—(l) Military witnesses.—The 
attendance of military witnesses will be obtained as in the 
case of military witnesses before courts martial. 
(2) Civilian witnesses.—Military tribunals are authorized 
to compel the attendance of civilian witnesses whose testi- 
mony they may think needed or desirable. If necessary, they 
may require the assistance of the local civilian authorities or 
request that of the military police or of any appropriate com- 
manding officer. 
e. Translation.—lf the defendant and his counsel, if any, 
understand and speak English, the proceedings will be con- 
ducted in that language and no interpreter will be necessary. 
If the personnel of the military tribunal have sufficient knowl- 
edge of that language, the proceedings may be conducted in 
the language of the occupied territory. If neither of these 
conditions exists, an interpreter will be employed who will 
take car© that defendant, his counsel, and the personnel of 
the tribunal are fully informed as to the entire proceeding. 
f. Previous convictions.—A military tribunal may consider, 
after a finding of guilty and before imposition of sentence, 
evidence of previous convictions and sentences by either mili- 
tary tribunals or civil courts; provided, that evidence of 
conviction of an offense legally punishable by imprisonment 
for more than one year (whether in fact so punished or not) 
shall be admissible without regard to the date of commission 
of such offense, but evidence of conviction of an offense not 
so punishable shall be admitted only if the offense was com- 
mitted within one year next preceding the commission of any 
offense of which the defendant shall have been convicted at 
the trial then in progress. 
■ 28. Sentences.—a. (1) Military commissions.—A military 
commission may impose any lawful and appropriate sentence, 
including death or life imprisonment. 
(2) Superior provost courts.—The maximum sentence 
which a superior provost court may impose is confinement 
at hard labor for 6 months and a fine of $l,OOO, or both. 
15 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
(3) Inferior provost courts.—The maximum sentence which 
an inferior provost court may impose is confinement at hard 
labor for one month and a fine of $lOO, or both. 
Note.—The maximum fines mentioned above should be stated in 
round numbers in the money current in the occupied territory. 
b. (1) Expulsion.—When such a punishment is appropriate 
and its execution practicable, a military commission or 
superior provost court, in lieu of or in addition to any other 
lawful punishment, may sentence a defendant to expulsion 
from occupied territory. 
(2) Confiscation.—If a defendant shall be convicted of 
wrongful sale, purchase, use, or possession of any article or 
articles or of the wrongful operation of a place of business 
for the sale of such articles, a military tribunal, in lieu of or 
in addition to any other lawful punishment, may decree the 
forfeiture to the United States of such article or articles or 
the stock thereof in his possession or place of business. 
(3) Padlocking.—lf a defendant shall be twice convicted 
of the wrongful sale or gift of intoxicating liquor or a habit- 
forming drug (including marijuana) at a certain place, or 
twice convicted of other violations of regulations or orders 
with respect to the sale of intoxicating liquors at one place, 
or once convicted of the wrongful operation of a house of 
prostitution, a military tribunal, in addition to any other 
lawful punishment, may order that such place be vacated and 
closed for a fixed time. 
c. Table of maximum pimishments.—ln order to prevent 
injustice by too great diversity in the sentences imposed by 
different tribunals for the same offense, the commanding 
general of the theater of operations should publish in the 
ordinances (sec. VIII), or otherwise, a table fixing maximum 
limits of punishment to be imposed by military tribunals for 
the more usual offenses. The table should include a state- 
ment of the equivalent of a fine in days of confinement for 
the use of military tribunals in imposing alternative sentences 
or in case the defendant cannot pay the fine. 
d. Place and manner of confinement.—The commanding 
general, theater of operations, will issue orders as to the place 
of confinement of persons sentenced by military tribunals to 
imprisonment, as to the labor to be required of them, and as 
16 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
28-31 
to other details of their confinement. Unless military neces- 
sity (par. 9a), the termination of the occupation, or other 
cogent reasons require their removal, persons serving sen- 
tences imposed by military tribunals should be confined 
within the occupied territory. 
■ 29. Records.—a. Charges will be preferred by a person 
subject to military law on a printed “Charge Sheet” (App. 
Ill). If that form is not available in print, it may be typed 
or written in longhand, or the charge sheet in use in the 
Army (W. D., A. G. O. Form No. 115) may be used, disregard- 
ing such parts as are obviously inapplicable and making such 
additions as are necessary. No oath to the charges is neces- 
sary. 
b. The records of trials by provost courts will be kept on the 
back of the charge sheet. 
c. Military commissions will keep a separate record of the 
trial of each case in form as nearly as practicable like that of 
a general court martial. 
■ 30. Disposition of Fines.—Fines, forfeited bail, proceeds 
of sales of confiscated property, and other receipts of military 
tribunals will be paid without any deduction to the nearest 
disbursing officer and deposited in the Treasury as miscel- 
laneous receipts (31 U. S. C. 484; J. A. G., A. E. F., February 6, 
1919; 3 Asst. Comp. Dec., France, 138.) 
H 31. Approval, Confirmation, and Review.—a. Action by the 
appointing authority.—(l) Military commissions.—No sen- 
tence of a military commission shall be carried into effect 
until it shall have been approved by the officer appointing the 
commission or his successor. 
(2) Provost courts.—The sentence of a provost court shall 
be executed forthwith without awaiting action by higher 
authority. Nevertheless, every record of trial by a provost 
court shall be examined by the officer who appointed the 
court, or at his headquarters, or by his successor, and such 
officer or his successor shall have power to disapprove or 
vacate, in whole or in part, any findings of guilty, to mitigate, 
commute, remit, or vacate any sentence, in whole or in part, 
and he may restore the accused to all rights affected by the 
findings and sentence. 
17 31-32 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
b. Final review.—Every record of trial by military commis- 
sion and one copy of every record of trial by provost court 
shall be forwarded by the officer who appointed the tribunal 
or his successor, after he shall have examined it, to the officer 
in charge of civil affairs at headquarters of the theater of 
operations, where it shall be examined in the legal department 
of that office. The chief of that department shall submit 
through the officer in charge of civil affairs to the command- 
ing general such recommendations, if any, as may be appro- 
priate with respect thereto. No sentence of death shall be 
carried into execution until it shall have been confirmed by 
the commanding general of the theater of operations. When 
the authority competent to confirm the sentence has already 
acted as approving authority no additional confirmation by 
him is necessary. The commanding general of the theater 
of operations shall have power to disapprove or vacate, in 
whole or in part, any findings of guilty made by any military 
tribunal, to mitigate, commute, remit, or vacate any sentence, 
in whole or in part, imposed by such tribunal, and he may 
restore the accused to all rights affected by the findings and 
sentence. He may direct that the records of trial of inferior 
provost courts be forwarded to some other officer or officers, 
in whose headquarters or offices they shall receive such review 
as has been above directed, and he may delegate his powers 
with respect to the findings and sentences of such courts to 
such officer or officers. 
Bi 32. Civil Cases.—If the courts of the occupied country are 
open and functioning satisfactorily, they should be permitted 
to hear and determine civil suits other than those brought 
against members of the occupying forces, of which they have 
no jurisdiction. If the occupation is likely to be brief, no pro- 
vision need be made for trial of civil cases even if the courts 
of the occupied country are not functioning. If, however, the 
courts of the occupied country are not functioning satisfac- 
torily, and the welfare of the people so requires (par. 9b), the 
commanding general, theater of operations, may confer juris- 
diction in civil cases upon military commissions and provost 
courts or may establish separate military tribunals for such 
cases, and may issue such regulations as to them and as to the 
execution of their judgments and decrees as he may think 
18 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
32-33 
proper. The law to be followed in civil cases is that of the 
occupied country. 
Section VI 
PHASES 
■ 33. Phases.—Military government will usually pass through 
successive phases. In many cases the occupation itself may 
be successive, and military government will be established in 
rear areas while active operations are in progress in forward 
areas. Though all three phases may not exist in every case, 
generally in a successful campaign in an enemy country each 
district thereof will pass through the following phases: 
a. First phase, while fighting is going on in the district. 
During this phase little can be done to set up military govern- 
ment, but usually a proclamation will be issued to the people 
of the occupied territory (see sec. VII and app. IV). Never- 
theless, unless all the inhabitants have been evacuated, com- 
bat units will of necessity come into contact with them and 
must deal with them, but should do so as little as possible and 
devote their attention primarily to their tactical duties. The 
civil affairs section of the staff of the commanding general, 
theater of operations, will prepare instructions to be issued to 
the commanding officers of tactical units to govern their 
actions in such dealings. In general, relations with the inhab- 
itants during this period will be conducted through the pro- 
vost marshal and military police. During this phase some 
members of the civil affairs section of the staff of the com- 
manding general of the theater of operations should accom- 
pany tactical units in order to secure advance information of 
areas being occupied while other members are preparing plans 
and orders for the establishment of military government. 
b. Second phase.—During this phase organized resistance 
has ceased in the district in question and military government 
is organized and operates, though peace has not been defi- 
nitely and finally established between the United States and 
the occupied country. Not later than at the beginning of 
this phase, the commanding general should publish ordi- 
nances (sec. VIII and app. V) setting out what is required of 
the people of the occupied territory, and what it is forbidden 
that they should do. Also during this phase the civil affairs 
19 33-34 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
section of the staff of the commanding general, theater of 
operations, should be planning for military government of 
any other districts that may be subsequently occupied. 
c. Third phase, after fighting between the United States 
and the enemy nation has ceased, in consequence of an 
armistice or protocol which renders the resumption of hos- 
tilities highly improbable, of the surrender or destruction of 
the enemy’s armed forces, or of a treaty of peace. During 
this period the basic policy of military necessity (par. 9a) 
operates with greatly diminished force, if at all. The policies 
adopted for the operation of military government will be 
affected to some extent during all phases, but especially dur- 
ing the third phase, by the anticipated future status of the 
occupied territory, i, e.; 
(1) Permanent retention by the United States, as in Puerto 
Rico; 
(2) Its erection into a new state, as in Cuba; or 
(3) Its return to its former sovereign or to its own people, 
as in Vera Cruz in 1914 and in Germany in 1918-23. 
In advance of the time when they will be needed, the Per- 
sonnel Division (G-l) of the War Department General Staff 
will make plans for the transition from military to civil 
government. The civil affairs section of the staff of the com- 
manding general, theater of operations, will make such fur- 
ther and more detailed plans for such transition as may be 
necessary and at the proper time will supervise such transi- 
tion. Generally activities of the military government will be 
gradually curtailed during this period, and more and more of 
its operations taken over by the civil government until the lat- 
ter assumes full control and the Army becomes merely a garri- 
son or is withdrawn. 
Section VII 
PROCLAMATION 
■ 34. Time of Issuance.—Though such action is not legally 
prerequisite to the establishment of military government, the 
commanding general, theater of operations, at as early a 
date as is practicable during the first phase or at the latest 
at the beginning of the second phase, should issue a procla- 
mation to the people of the occupied territory. 
20 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
35-37 
■ 35. Form and Character.—ln order that the entire popula- 
tion may read it in full, the proclamation should be brief, 
should be clearly and idiomatically translated into the lan- 
guage of the occupied country, and published in English and 
in that language as promptly and as widely as practicable. 
Its tone should be dignified and firm, but not harsh or need- 
lessly offensive. It should be signed by the commanding 
general of the theater of operations. 
■ 36. Contents.—The contents of the proclamation will vary 
according to the circumstances of the occupation. For a type 
proclamation, see appendix IV. In general, the proclamation 
will cover the following points: 
a. Declaration of the occupation, 
h. Purpose and policy of the occupation. 
c. Supremacy of the military authority of the United States, 
involving— 
(1) Suspension of political ties with and obligations to the 
enemy government. 
(2) Obedience to the commanding general and other mili- 
tary authorities, particularly military police and personnel 
on civil affairs duty. 
(3) Abstinence from acts or words of hostility or disrespect 
to the occupying forces. 
d. Except insofar as they may be changed by the military 
authority, continuance in operation or on duty of— 
(1) Local laws and regulations. 
(2) Executive and judicial officers. 
(3) Railroads and public utilities. 
e. Assurance that the people will be protected by the 
occupying army in their persons, property, family rights, re- 
ligion, and in the exercise of their occupations. 
/. Duty of the people to continue or resume their usual 
occupations. 
g. Statement that this proclamation will be accompanied or 
followed by more detailed ordinances (sec. VIII). 
Section VIII 
■ 37, Time of Issuance.—At the same time as the publica- 
tion of his proclamation to the people of the occupied terri- 
ORDINANCES 
243639°—40 4 
21 37-39 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
tory or as soon thereafter as practicable, the commanding 
general, theater of operations, should issue ordinances regu- 
lating their conduct. 
■ 38. Form and Character.—The ordinances should inform 
the people of the occupied territory what is required of them, 
what it is forbidden that they should do, of the tribunals be- 
fore which they may be tried, and of the punishments which 
such tribunals may impose. In justice to the people of the 
occupied territory (par. 9b), offenses should be clearly de- 
fined. Unfamiliar technical terms should be avoided so far 
as possible, as well as vague and all-inclusive language, such 
as, “Whosoever commits any act whatsoever injurious to the 
American Army * * * will be punished as a military 
court may direct.” The ordinances should be clearly and 
idiomatically translated into the language of the occupied 
country and published in English and in that language as 
promptly and as widely as is practicable. Ordinances may 
be amended or a new edition of them published as experience 
may show to be necessary; but frequent changes may be taken 
by the people of the occupied territory as indications of 
vacillation and weakness, and are to be avoided. In general, 
it is better policy to be strict at the beginning of an occupa- 
tion and gradually to relax requirements, than to follow the 
opposite course. 
■ 39. Contents.—The contents of the ordinances will vary 
according to the mentality, laws, and customs of the people 
of the occupied territory, its geography and history, the 
strategical and tactical situation, and other attendant cir- 
cumstances. For type ordinances, see appendix V. In gen- 
eral, the ordinances will cover the following points, or such 
of them as may be necessary: 
c. Identity cards. 
b. Circulation of personnel and vehicles on the highways, 
by rail, water, and otherwise. 
c. Meetings, parades, speeches, songs, and music. 
d. Enemy flag, national anthem, and uniform. 
e. Communication by mail, telegraph, cable, telephone, 
radio, pigeon, and otherwise. 
/. Newspapers, magazines, and books. 
22 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
39 
g. Photographs. 
h. Manufactures and commerce. 
i. Prices. 
j. Arms, ammunition, and explosives. 
k. Intoxicating liquors and narcotics. 
l. Sanitation and public health. 
m. Prostitution. 
n. Taxes, contributions, supplies, and requisitions. 
o. Billeting. 
p. Various offenses: 
(1) Injury or violence to the person of any member of the 
Army of the United States. 
(2) Larceny, embezzlement, sale, purchase, receipt in pawn, 
or wrongful possession of or damage to any property of the 
United States or of any person belonging to the Army of the 
United States. 
(3) Interference with troops or with any activity of the 
Army of the United States. 
(4) Disobedience of or failure to obey a lawful order of the 
commanding general of the theater of operations or of any 
subordinate. 
(5) False statement to any military personnel on a matter 
of official business or concern. 
(6) Damage to, obstruction of, or interference with, roads, 
railroads, canals, wharves, waterworks, electric light and 
power plants or transmission lines, gas works, or the like. 
(7) Spying, communication with the enemy, or aid to him. 
(8) Spreading hostile propaganda. 
(9) Escape from confinement. 
(10) Disrespect to the United States, its government, flag, 
Army, or personnel. 
(11) Aiding or advising anyone to do any of the things 
enumerated above. 
q. Military tribunals, their kinds, jurisdiction, procedure, 
the maximum sentences which each kind of tribunal may im- 
pose, and a table of maximum punishments for the more 
usual offenses (par. 28c). 
r. Claims, petitions, and complaints. 
23 Appendix I 
SUMMONS TO DEFENDANT 
H 1. General.—lt is intended that these summonses be 
printed in books similar to the books of “tickets” carried by 
traffic policemen, of a size which may be carried in the pocket 
of a uniform coat or shirt, serially numbered, with carbon 
paper interleaved so that an original and a copy may be made 
at one writing. Such books may be carried by personnel on 
civil affairs duty, military policemen, and, if authorized by 
the commanding general of the theater of operations, by 
civilian policemen. The summons will be printed in English 
and in the language of the occupied country in alternate lines. 
The explanation of the defendant’s rights and the admonition 
that failure to comply will result in punishment should be 
printed on the original of the summons only. The acknowl- 
edgment of receipt and certificate of service will be printed 
in the corresponding place on the copy only. The explana- 
tion of the defendant’s rights contained in the summons 
should also be printed as a separate paper, and a copy of it 
should be handed to every defendant who is not served with 
a formal summons. 
■ 2. Directions Printed Inside of Book.—The following will 
be printed inside the cover of the book: 
DIRECTIONS 
1. Summons books will be carried by personnel on civil affairs 
duty whose duties are likely to require their use, by military police- 
men, and by such other persons as may be directed. 
2. The forms herein will be used in case a civilian charged with 
an offense triable by military tribunal is released on or without bail 
for investigation or trial at a future time. They will not be used 
if the defendant is to be confined until trial. 
3. If charges have been drawn, a copy of them will be attached 
to the original of the summons. Otherwise a brief abstract of the 
charges will be inserted in the summons, as “failure to have identi- 
fication card, Smithtown, Apr. 25/40’’; “wrongful possession of 
pistol, Jonesville, May 31/40.” 
24 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. I 2-3 
4. The original summons will be given to the defendant in person 
if practicable; otherwise it may be left with an adult member of 
the household at his residence or with a person in authority at his 
place of business or employment, or sent by mail. The person 
serving the summons will request the defendant or other person 
to whom he delivers it to sign the acknowledgement of receipt. 
Whether he obtains such a signature or not, the person serving 
the summons will fill out and sign the certificate of service. The 
person serving the summons will forward the copy through military 
channels to the trial judge advocate of the military commission, 
the provost court, or the investigating officer before whom the 
defendant is summoned to appear. 
■ 3. Form of Summons. 
SUMMONS 
No. 
ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES 
Military Government of 
(Place) 
(Date)’ 
To 
(Name) 
(Street andj number, road, or other local address) 
(City or town) (State or province) 
You are hereby summoned and required to appear in person on 
, at __M., 
(Date) (Hour) 
before 
(Name of tribunal or officer) 
at 
(Street and number, building and room, or other local address) 
(Place) (State or province) 
for {investigation of 1 h a£rain„t Vou Jattached- 
-101 [trial upon j-cnarges against you|as follows: 
You are informed that you are entitled to— 
a. Have in advance of trial a copy of the charges upon which 
you are to be tried, if you so desire. 
b. Consult a lawyer before trial and to bring him to the trial 
with you, at your own expense. 
c. Apply to the court for further time to prepare your defense, if 
necessary; but the action to be taken upon such request is a matter 
for the decision of the court. 
d. Bring with you such witnesses as may be necessary, or to have 
them summoned at your request by the American military author- 
ities. 
e. Testify in your own behalf at your trial, but you are not re- 
quired to do so, and your failure to testify will not create any 
presumption of guilt against you. 
25 App. I 3 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Unexcused failure to comply with this summons will constitute 
an additional offense subjecting you to punishment. 
(Signature of trial judge advocate of a mili- 
tary commission, provost court, officer or 
enlisted man on civil affairs duty, military 
policeman, or other authorized person.) 
(Place) 
(Date) - 
I acknowledge receipt of the summons of which this is a copy. 
(Signature of defendant) 
(Place) 
(Hour) (Date) 
I hereby certify that I have at the above place, hour, and date 
duly served the summons of which this is a copy upon the defendant 
therein named 
in person. 
by leaving it at the address above stated with 
by mailing it to him at the address above stated. 
(Signature of person serving the summons) 
(Grade and organization) 
(Official position) 
26 Appendix II 
SUBPOENA FOR CIVILIAN WITNESS BEFORE MILITARY 
TRIBUNAL 
■ 1. General.—The subpoena will be printed in English and 
in the language of the occupied country in alternate lines. 
■ 2. Form for Subpoena. 
subpoena 
ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES 
Military Government of 
(Place) 
(Date) 
To 
(Name) 
(Street and number, road, or other local address) 
(Place) (State or province) 
You are hereby summoned and required to appear in person 
on at M, 
(Date) (Hour) 
before 
(Name of tribunal) 
at 
(Street and number, building and room, or other local address) 
, , to 
(Place) (State or province) 
testify and give evidence as a witness for the 
(Prosecution, defense, court) 
in the case of ; 
and you are required to bring with you, to be used as evidence in 
said case, the following described articles or documents: 
27 App. II 2-3 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Unexcused failure to comply with this subpoena will subject 
you to punishment. 
(Signature of trial judge advocate of a 
military commission or provost court) 
(Place) 
(Date) 
I acknowledge receipt of the subpoena of which this is a copy. 
(Signature of defendant) 
(Place) 
_M, ___ 
I hereby certify that I have at the above place, hour, and date 
duly served the subpoena, of which this a copy, upon the de- 
fendant therein named 
(Hour) (Date) 
in person. 
by leaving it at the address above stated with 
by mailing it to him at the address above stated. 
(Signature of person serving the subpoena) 
(Grade and organization) 
(Official position) 
B 3. Directions to be Printed on Back of Form. 
1. The order to the witness to taring articles or documents will be 
stricken out if not needed. 
DIRECTIONS 
2. An original and one copy of each subpoena will be prepared. 
The original will be given to the defendant in person if practicable; 
otherwise it may be left with an adult member of the household at 
his residence or with a person in authority at his place of business 
or employment, or sent by mail. The person serving the subpoena 
will request the defendant or other person to whom he delivers it 
to sign the acknowledgment of receipt on the copy. Whether he 
obtains such a signature or not, the persons serving the subpoena 
will fill out and sign the certificate of service on the copy. The per- 
son serving the subpoena will forward the copy through military 
channels to the trial judge advocate of the military commission, the 
provost court, or the investigating officer before whom the witness 
is directed to appear. 
28 Appendix 111 
CHARGE SHEET 
Note.—If this sheet does not contain sufficient space for the list of 
witnesses, charges, and specifications, remarks, or other entries, 
additional sheets may be added and securely attached. 
ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES 
Military Government of 
(Place) 
(Date) 
Name of defendant 
(Last name followed by first and middle names) 
Occupation : Address 
Age Sex Marital status Number of 
minor children or dependents other than wife 
Witnesses: 
(State names and addresses and whether for prosecution 
or defense) 
List articles or documents to be introduced in evidence, and state 
where each may be found 
Previous convictions attached 
Information as to restraint of accused 
(Number) 
(State whether or not in con- 
finement, and if so, since 
what date) 
Headquarters, 
Office of Civil Affairs 
(Name of command or office) 
The charges on the reverse side of this sheet are referred for 
trial to 
(Place) 
(Date) 
(Grade, name, and organization) 
(Trial judge advocate of military commis- (Place) 
sion, superior or inferior provost court) 
By of 
(Command or order) (Grade and name of officer re- 
ferring charges) 
(Grade and organization) 
(If the officer referring the charges for trial has no adjutant or so 
desires, he may sign the order of reference himself.) 
(Signature) 
Adjutant 
243639°—40 5 
29 App. 11l 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Note.—The provost court will fill in the blanks left for pleas, find- 
ings, and sentence. If the charges are tried by military commission, 
those blanks as well as those for the reviewing authority will not 
be used, but a complete stenographic record like that of a general 
court martial will be made. 
[Back of Charge Sheet] 
Plea 
Finding 
Charge; Violation of 
(Insert a definite 
citation of the 
ordinance or order 
violated. If the 
unwritten laws lof 
war were violated, 
insert “the laws of 
war.”) 
Specification: 
I certify that *1 have personal knowledge of the matters set forth 
in specifications 
(Give specification and charge numbers) 
and *have investigated the matter set forth in 
(Give specification and 
, and the same are true in fact 
charge numbers) 
to the best of my knowledge and belief. 
(Name) 
(Grade and organization) 
* Strike out words not applicable. If the accuser has personal 
knowledge of the facts stated in one or more specifications or parts 
thereof and his knowledge as to other specifications or parts thereof 
is derived from investigation of the facts, the form of the certificate 
will be varied accordingly. In no case will he be permitted to state 
alternatively as to any particular charge or specification that he 
either has personal knowledge or has investigated. 
Accuser. 
Sentence 
Date of trial 
Was fine paid? 
Yes or no 
Remarks 
(Grade and organization) 
Provost Court 
(Signature) 
(Inferior or superior) 
Headquarters, 1 
Office of Civil Affairs] 
(Place) 
(Name of command or office) 
(Date) 
(Action of reviewing authority, if any) 
(Signature) 
Commanding- 
(Grade and organization) 
30 Appendix IV 
PROCLAMATION 
ARMY OP THE UNITED STATES 
Military Government of 
Headquarters of the Theater of Operations 
(Place) 
To the people of 
(Date) 
(Here insert the state or states, province or 
provinces, or other, districts occupied) 
and such other parts of 
as are now or may hereafter be occupied by the Army of the 
United States. 
The Army of the United States has occupied the (state (s)) 
(province(s)) above named and is advancing farther into 
occupation is 
territory. The purpose of its 
It is the policy of the Army of the United States not to make 
war upon you, the civilians inhabiting the occupied territory; 
but, on the contrary, to maintain tranquillity and order in 
that territory. As Commanding General of the Theater of 
Operations, I have therefore established military government 
in the ((states) (provinces)) above mentioned and will set 
up such government in territory hereafter occupied. The 
establishment and operation of military government, by pre- 
serving order, will benefit you. It is therefore to your interest, 
as well as your duty, to cooperate with and obey it. 
During the occupation the political ties which have hitherto 
bound you to the ((republic) (king)) of 
and your obligations of obedience to and support of it (him) 
are suspended; and the authority of the Army of the United 
States and of the military government established by it is 
supreme. You must therefore obey promptly and fully, in 
letter and in spirit, such orders and ordinances as I, my 
successors as Commanding General of the Theater of Oper- 
31 App. IV 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
ations, and subordinate military authorities may issue from 
time to time. In particular you must obey the directions of 
military policemen, who wear a blue arm band bearing the 
letters “MP,” and personnel on civil affairs duty, who wear 
a purple arm band bearing the letters “CA.” You must re- 
frain from any act or word of hostility or disrespect to the 
occupying forces. 
Your laws and regulations in force at the time of our occu- 
pation will remain in force except insofar as they are incon- 
sistent with a state of war or with the rights and safety of 
the occupying forces or as they may be changed by me or 
my successors. The executive and judicial officers of your 
government and of its ((states) (provinces)), counties, and 
cities will continue the performance of their duties as usual, 
subject to supervision and direction by personnel of the Army 
of the United States on civil affairs duty. The meetings and 
functions of your (Congress) (Parliament) and of the 
legislatures of your (states) (provinces) are suspended. 
The officers and employees of the railroads, steamboat lines, 
canals, bus and truck lines, street railways, electric light and 
power plants and transmission lines, telephones, telegraphs, 
cables, radio stations, waterworks, gas works, and other pub- 
lic utilities within the occupied territory must continue in the 
performance of their duties. 
You who obey the directions given in this Proclamation 
and in other orders and ordinances have nothing to fear from 
the Army of the United States and will be protected by it in 
your persons, property, family rights, religion, and in the 
exercise of your occupations. You who fail to render such 
obedience or who commit crimes or offenses will be severely 
punished. 
It is your duty as well as to your interest to continue your 
usual occupations, to open your churches and schools, and to 
resume so far as possible the ways of peace. 
This Proclamation will be (accompanied) (followed) by 
ordinances setting out in detail what is required of you and 
what it is forbidden for you to do. 
General, U. S. Army, 
Commanding. 
32 Appendix V 
ORDINANCES 
ARMY OP THE UNITED STATES 
Military Government of_ 
Headquarters of the Theater of Operations 
(Place) 
To the people of 
(Date) 
(Here insert the state or states, province or 
provinces, or other districts occupied) 
and such other parts of 
as are now or may hereafter be occupied by the Army of the 
United States. 
The following ordinances are published for your govern- 
ment and must be strictly observed. Failure to obey them 
will be severely punished. Ignorance of these ordinances will 
not be admitted as a defense. 
H 1. Identification.—a. Identity cards.—(l) Who must have 
identity cards.—Every person of the age of 13 or older must 
have an identity card and must carry it with him when out- 
side his own premises. 
(2) Issue.—Every person required to have an identity card 
and living in a city or commune must apply for one to the 
mayor or to such other person or persons as the mayor may 
designate. The mayor or his delegate, after first satisfying 
himself of the identity of the applicant and of the truth of the 
information supplied by him, will issue without charge an 
identity card stating the full name, age, sex, marital condi- 
tion, occupation, and residence of the applicant, his height 
and weight, and the color of his hair and eyes. The mayor 
or his delegate will require the applicant in his presence to 
sign his name on the card (if he knows how to write) and to 
affix the print of his right thumb. The mayor or his delegate 
will sign his name and affix the seal of the city or commune 
33 App. V 1-2 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
and note thereon the date of issue. A person not living in a 
city or commune will apply to the sheriff of the county in 
which he resides for an identity card. The sheriff or such 
other person or persons as he may designate will issue the 
same as above directed. Printed cards will be furnished to 
issuing officers, but in their absence they may type or write 
provisional identity cards which must cover the points above 
mentioned. 
(3) Changes.—Every person changing his name, marital 
condition, occupation, or residence will at once notify the 
officer authorized to issue an identity card to him of such 
changes, will surrender his old card, and request a new one. 
(4) Loss.—Every person who loses a card will at once apply 
to the proper officer for a new one. The issuing officer may 
charge a fee, not to exceed 50 cents, for the issue of a new 
card, on which he will stamp or write “duplicate.” 
b. Lists of occupants.—The head of each household will 
post on the inside of the principal outer door of his dwelling 
a list showing the name, sex, age, and occupation of every 
person residing in the building. Proprietors of hotels or inns 
will keep this information as to transient guests in a book or 
on cards. 
■ 2. Circulation.—a. Circulation without pass.—(l) Area.— 
All persons resident within a city or commune may circulate 
freely during permitted hours within that city or commune 
and within a radius of ten kilometers from its city hall. Per- 
sons not resident within a city or commune may circulate 
freely during permitted hours within a radius of ten kilo- 
meters from their homes. 
(2) Hours.—Except for authorized travel by rail or vessel, 
and except for physicians, nurses, railroad employees, fire- 
men, and policemen on necessary duty or travel connected 
with their occupation, all circulation is forbidden between 
8 PM and daylight the following morning. 
b. Passes.—Anyone having legitimate business or personal 
reasons for making a journey or journeys longer or at other 
hours than above permitted will submit request for a pass 
to the nearest headquarters or office of the military police, 
with proof of the necessity for the journey. A special pass 
34 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 2-3 
is required either to enter or leave the occupied territory. 
Employees of railroads, steamship, and bus companies, taxi- 
cab drivers, and othei’s are fox-bidden to sell tickets to or to 
transport any person farther than is permitted in a(l) above 
or at hours other than is permitted in a(2) above, except 
upon presentation of a pass by the traveler. 
■ 3. Meetings, Parades, Speeches, Songs, and Music.—a. 
Meetings.—(l) Meetings for religious purposes, including 
preaching services, celebration of mass or holy communion, 
prayer meetings and the like, Sunday schools, meetings fox- 
study of the Bible, the catechism, missions, and the like, bap- 
tisms, weddings, and funerals, and meetings of vestries, ses- 
sions, boards of trustees of churches, and the like may be held 
freely without permit, provided they are held in a building 
exclusively devoted to religious uses and ax-e open to the 
public. 
(2) Schools may be held freely without permit, as may 
meetings of school boards if held in the school and open to 
the public. 
(3) Courts may be held freeiy and without permit, provided 
they meet at the court house or other usual place of meeting 
and are open to the public. 
(4) City councils, or boards of aldermen or selectmen may 
meet freely and without permit, provided their meetings are 
held in the city hall or other public building and are open 
to the public. 
b. Parades.—Religious parades may be held without permit 
provided they do not obstruct traffic. 
c. Hours.—Meetings and parades without permit author- 
ized by a and b above must be held between sunrise and 8 PM. 
d. Permits.—(1) When required.—Except for the meetings 
and parades mentioned in a and b above, held between the 
hours mentioned in c above, no assembling in crowds, no 
meeting, whether indoors or out, and no parade may take 
place without a permit. 
(2) By whom issued.—Permits for meetings and parades 
will be issued by the provost marshal of the city or commune 
in which the meeting or parade is to be held, or, if there is 
no such officer or the meeting or parade is to be held in a 
35 App. V 3 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
place not in any city or commune, by the provost marshal 
of the county. 
(3) Application.—The president of the club or society 
which is to hold the meeting or parade or the person who is 
to preside at or have charge of it will make application for a 
permit to hold a meeting or parade not later than the third 
business day previous to the day of the meeting to the officer 
who, according to (2) above, is authorized to issue a permit 
for it. The application will contain the following informa- 
tion with respect to the meeting or parade: 
(a) Place or route. 
(b) Date and hour. 
(c) By what society, club, organization or person held. 
(d) Purpose. 
(e) Whether or not open to the public. 
(/) What persons or classes of persons are invited or 
(g) What number of persons are expected to attend. 
expected to attend. 
(h) Program, including names of speakers and their 
subjects, titles of plays to be performed, songs 
to be sung, music to be played, moving or still 
pictures to be shown. 
(4) Submission of text, preview.—If he thinks proper to do 
so, the officer to whom an application is addressed may 
require submission to him of the text of speeches to be made, 
songs to be sung, or plays to be performed, or a preview of 
any moving or still pictures to be shown. 
(i) Anticipated hour of adjournment or closing. 
(5) Liability of permittee.—The person to whom the per- 
mit is issued will be punished by military tribunal for any 
deviation from the authorized program. 
e. Speeches, songs, music, etc.—Neither at a meeting or 
parade authorized under this paragraph nor elsewhere shall 
any speech be made, words uttered, gestures made, songs sung, 
music played, plays performed, pictures, banners, or placards 
exhibited expressing hostility or disrespect to the United 
States, its armed forces or any member thereof, or the military 
government. 
/. Observation of meetings and parades.—The officer in 
charge of civil affairs in the county, city, or commune in 
36 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 3-5 
which the meeting or parade is held, or the provost marshal, 
or any subordinate of either, may attend any meeting or 
parade, and, if there occurs at such meeting or parade any 
violation of these ordinances or any deviation from the au- 
thorized program, he may forthwith stop the meeting or 
parade and cause the arrest of those present or require them 
to disperse. 
4. , Flag, National 
Anthem, and Uniform.—a. Flag and national anthem.—As a 
state of war exists between the United States and 
the public display of the 
playing of the national anthem is 
flag or colors, or the public singing or 
prohibited. 
b. Uniform.—Personnel of the 
armed forces within the occupied territory must wear their 
uniform at all times in public. Other persons are forbidden 
to do so, except that former members of such forces may 
wear their uniforms, provided cap and collar ornaments, 
uniform buttons, insignia, chevrons, and other distinguishing 
marks are removed. 
■ 5. Communication by Mail, Telegraph, Cable, Telephone, 
Radio, Pigeon, and Otherwise.—a. General.—(l) Forbidden 
communications.—lt is forbidden to send, transmit, or know- 
ingly to receive by any means of communication whatever 
any information concerning the American forces, their loca- 
tion, numbers, morale, arms, equipment, or movements, or 
the identity of units of such forces. It is forbidden to send, 
transmit, or knowingly to receive by any means of commu- 
nication whatever any message containing anything hostile, 
detrimental, or disrespectful to the United States, its armed 
forces, their personnel, or the military government. Any 
person innocently receiving any forbidden communication 
must report that fact and deliver the communication forth- 
with to the military police. It is forbidden to communicate 
directly or indirectly with the 
government, its armed forces, or the territory under their 
control. 
37 App. V 5 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
(2) Censorship.—All communications, by whatever means 
transmitted, are subject to censorship. 
(3) Languages, codes.—The use in any communication by 
whatever means transmitted of any language other than 
English or , or of a code or 
Language of the occupied country 
any other device concealing the true meaning of the message 
is forbidden. 
(4) Injury to means of communication.—Any stealing, em- 
bezzling, destruction of, or injury to— 
(a) Mail, postoffices, mail boxes, trucks, bags, or other 
(b) Telegraph wires or cables, insulators, apparatus, 
postal equipment; 
(c) Telephone instruments, switchboards, conduits, 
cables, wires, insulators, or apparatus; or 
or messages; 
or interference with lawful communication by any of the 
above means, will be punished by military tribunal. 
(d) Radio transmitting apparatus; 
b. Mail.—(l) Address of sender.—The sender of every let- 
ter or article by mail must place his name and address 
thereon. 
(2) Private transmission of letters forbidden.—Except 
within the city or commune of origin, it is forbidden to send, 
carry, or receive any letter outside of the mail. 
c. Telegraph and cable.—(l) Censorship.—No telegraph op- 
erator shall transmit any telegraph or cable message other 
than a message to or from the Army of the United States, 
the American military government, or a message solely con- 
cerned with railroad operation, until it shall have passed the 
censor. 
(2) Private telegraph systems.—The use of private tele- 
graph systems is forbidden. All such systems must be dis- 
connected and their receiving and sending apparatus turned 
over to the military police. 
d. Telephone.—Telephone connections may be made and 
conversations held without permit between any two tele- 
phones in the same city, or between any telephone not in a 
city and any other telephone on the same exchange. All 
private wires, except within the above limits, are forbidden 
38 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 5-6 
and must be disconnected. No other telephone connection 
will be made or conversation held except upon a showing of 
necessity therefor to and issue of a permit by the provost 
marshal of the city or county in which the sending exchange 
is located. 
e. Radio.—Every person having in his possession or being 
in charge of any radio transmitting station or apparatus will 
turn it over to the provost marshal of the county or city in 
which it is located if it is portable. If it is not portable, he 
will notify the provost marshal of its location. Except upon 
permit issued by the provost marshal, the possession or use 
of radio transmitting apparatus is forbidden. 
f. Pigeons.—(l) Use for carrying messages forbidden.—The 
use of pigeons for the carrying of messages is forbidden. 
(2) Reports.—Owners or those having charge of carrier 
pigeons must report to the provost marshal of the county or 
city in which their pigeons are kept the location of their 
pigeon-cotes and the number and distinguishing marks of 
their pigeons. 
(3) Pigeon-cotes must be kept open day and night. 
■ 6. Newspapers, Magazines, and Books.—a. Forbidden mat- 
ter.—(l) Publication is forbidden in any newspaper, maga- 
zine, book, leaflet, poster, or otherwise of any printed, typed, 
or written matter which is in the interest of the national 
government of or its armed 
forces, or in aid or behalf of them, or which is hostile, detri- 
mental, or disrespectful to the United States, its armed forces, 
or their personnel, or tends to promote dissatisfaction or 
bad feeling with them. 
(2) Importation into the occupied territory or the posses- 
sion therein of any newspaper, magazine, book, or other 
printed, typed, or written paper containing such matter 
is also forbidden. 
b. Submission before publication or importation.—Every 
publisher or printer, and every importer of newspapers, 
magazines, books, or other printed, typed, or written matter 
into the occupied territory will before publication or impor- 
tation submit all matter in any manner relating to or touch- 
ing upon the present war or military occupation, or the 
39 App. V 6 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
United States, Its armed forces, or their personnel, to the 
provost marshal of the county or city in which his publishing 
or printing office is located, or of the port or frontier station 
through which the importation is made, or to such other 
officer as may be designated, and will secure his permission 
for its publication or importation. 
c. Submission after publication or importation.—Every pub- 
lisher or printer, and every importer of newspapers, maga- 
zines, books, or other printed, typed, or written matter into 
the occupied territory will immediately upon publication or 
importation submit toi the provost marshal of the county or 
city in which his office is located, or of the port or frontier 
station through which the importation is made, or to such 
other officer as may be designated, two copies of every news- 
paper or magazine published or imported by him. He will 
also submit in like manner two copies of any book or other 
matter published or imported by him which in any manner 
relates or touches upon the present war or military occupa- 
tion, the United States, its armed forces, or their personnel. 
d. Circulation.—Possession, sale, or gift to any other per- 
son of any newspaper, magazine, book, or other printed, typed, 
or written paper containing such matter as is defined in 
a(l) above, or matter published, printed, or imported in 
violation of this paragraph, is forbidden. 
e. Penalties.—ln addition to any other punishment which 
may lawfully be imposed for any violation of this paragraph, 
the officer in charge of civil affairs in the county or city in 
which the offending publishing or printing office is located 
may suspend the publication of the offending newspaper or 
magazine for a period not in excess of one week in the case 
of a daily newspaper, or for one issue of any other publica- 
tion, or may close a publishing or printing office for one week. 
In addition to any other punishment which may lawfully be 
imposed, for a serious violation or for repeated violations of 
this paragraph the commanding general of the theater of 
operations may suspend the publication of a newspaper or 
magazine for a longer period or indefinitely, or may close 
a publishing or printing office for a longer period or indefi- 
nitely. 
40 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 7-9 
■ 7. Photographs.—a. Taking of photographs.—The taking 
of photographs out of doors, except upon a permit issued 
by the provost marshal of the county or city in which the 
photograph is taken, is forbidden. 
b, Developing and printing of photographs.—lt is forbid- 
den knowingly to develop a photographic plate or film 
exposed out of doors, or to make a print therefrom, except 
one for the exposure of which a permit has been issued. 
Any person developing any other plate or film and discover- 
ing that it has been exposed out of doors will forthwith turn 
the same over to the military police with the name and 
address of the person who exposed it or delivered it to him 
for developing. 
■ 8. Manufactures and Commerce.—a. The manufacture of 
any article, other than arms, ammunition, implements of 
war, explosives (see par. 10, this appendix), or articles here- 
after specifically prohibited, is permitted, subject only to 
such taxes as may be due. 
b. Commerce within the occupied territory, except with 
respect to the prohibited articles mentioned in a above, is 
permitted. 
c. Commerce with the United States and with neutral 
countries, except with respect to the prohibited articles 
mentioned in a above, is permitted subject to such duties as 
may be due or as may hereafter be fixed by the commanding 
general of the theater of operations. The commanding gen- 
eral may, as to the export business of any commercial house 
or as to any particular export shipment, require proof that 
neither the articles exported nor the proceeds of their sale 
will be sent to the unoccupied part of 
Articles, the growth or produce of the unoccu- 
pied part of may not be 
imported through neutral countries. 
d. Commerce with the unoccupied part of 
is forbidden. 
■ 9. Prices.—a. Marking or posting.—The proprietor or 
manager of every place of business in which articles are 
offered for sale at retail will plainly mark every such article 
with its price. The proprietor or manager of every place 
41 App. V 9-10 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
where food or drink is offered for sale to be consumed upon the 
premises will display a bill of fare giving the price of each 
dish or beverage or inclusive prices for meals. The pro- 
prietor or manager of every hotel, inn, or boarding or lodg- 
ing house will display in its office or lobby a list of its 
rooms with the price of each, and, if it serves food or drink, 
a bill of fare such as is required by the preceding sentence. 
He will also post in each room the price of that room. 
The proprietor or manager of every theater or place of en- 
tertainment at which an admission fee is charged will post 
the price of admission or a list of prices of the seats at 
the entrance thereof. The proprietor or driver of every 
taxicab or public vehicle will post in or on such vehicle 
and in any waiting room or office which he maintains the 
prices at which it may be hired or for which it wall trans- 
port persons or goods. Every person offering his services 
or those of his employees, animals, machines, apparatus, or 
equipment to the public will display at his place of business 
a price list of the services usually performed. 
Z>. Discrimination forbidden.—It is forbidden to charge 
or collect any prices other than those marked or posted as 
required by a above. In particular, any discrimination in 
price, service, quality, or otherwise against the United States, 
its armed forces, or their personnel, is forbidden. 
■ 10. Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives.—a. Arms and 
ammunition.—(l) Who may possess. 
(a) Sheriffs, their deputies, police, jailers, and cus- 
toms guards, when on duty, may carry pistols 
and ammunition therefor. 
(b) Other civil officials whose duties require them to 
carry arms and officials whose duties require 
them to carry arms other than pistols may do 
so when on duty but only upon issue of a per- 
mit by the military police. Request for such a 
permit will be made by the official superior of 
the person who it is desired shall be armed. 
(c) Private watchmen and detectives whose duties 
require them to carry arms may do so when 
on duty but only upon issue of a permit by the 
military police. Request for such a permit will 
42 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 10 
be made by the employer of the person who 
it is desired shall be armed. 
id) Manufacturers of and dealers in arms and am- 
munition may carry on their business only upon 
permit issued by the military police, and in no 
case will they be permitted to manufacture or 
keep in stock more than is necessary for cur- 
rent needs. They may make sales only upon 
permit issued by the military police. 
(e) Other persons who for special reasons need to 
carry or possess arms may do so only upon issue 
of a permit by the military police. 
(2) Registration.—The superior or employer of every per- 
son permitted to carry or possess arms or ammunition under 
(1) above, or the person armed if he has no superior or 
employer, will register with the military police the description 
and serial number of his arm and the number of rounds of 
ammunition in his possession. 
(3) Surrender of unauthorized arms and ammunition.— 
All persons in possession of arms or ammunition, other than 
those permitted to carry arms pursuant to (1) above, must 
turn in such arms and ammunition to the military police 
on or before after which date it 
will be forbidden to all persons save those above mentioned 
to own, possess, or carry guns, rifles, revolvers, pistols, gre- 
nades, swords, daggers, blackjacks, arms, weapons, or am- 
munition of any kind. The person surrendering such prop- 
erty will affix thereto a tag or label bearing his name and 
address, and a receipt will be given him. 
b. Explosives.—(l) Who may possess. 
(a) Contractors, miners, and others using explosives 
in their occupations may do so only upon issue 
of a permit by the military police. 
(b) Manufacturers of and dealers in explosives may 
carry on their business only upon permit issued 
by the military police, and in no case will they 
be permitted to manufacture or keep in stock 
more than is necessary for current needs. They 
may make sales only upon permit issued by the 
military police. 
43 App. V 10-12 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
(2) Surrender of unauthorized explosives.—All persons in 
possession of explosives, other than those mentioned in (1) 
above, to whom permits have been issued, must turn in such 
explosives to the military police on or before 
, after which date it will be forbidden to all persons 
save those above mentioned to own, possess, or transport 
explosives. The persons surrendering such explosives will 
affix thereto a tag or label bearing his name and address, 
and a receipt will be given him. 
■ 11. Intoxicating Liquors and Narcotics.—a. Sale or gift 
to any person of habit-forming drugs (including marijuana) 
or of alcoholic liquors other than light wine or beer is for- 
bidden; provided, that alcoholic liquors (not to exceed one- 
fourth of a liter per week) or narcotics may be sold upon 
a physician’s prescription, and provided further that alcohol 
needed for industrial purposes may be sold upon permit 
issued by the military police. 
b. Hours of sale.—The sale or gift of light wine and beer 
at retail is permitted from 11 AM to 2 PM and from 5 PM 
to 8 PM only. 
c. Manufacture and sale at wholesale of alcoholic liquor 
(other than light wine or beer) or of narcotics will be per- 
mitted only upon issue of a permit by the military police. 
d. Stocks of alcoholic liquor (other than light wine or 
beer) or narcotics will be reported to the military police, 
who may require their surrender. 
e. Penalties.—Violations of this paragraph may render the 
offender liable to the confiscation of his stock or the closing 
of his place of business, or both, in addition to any other 
lawful punishment. 
■ 12. Sanitation and Public Health.—Existing laws and 
regulations on sanitation and public health will be continued 
in force. Health officers of 
its (states) (provinces), counties, and cities will continue 
their duties under the supervision of medical officers of the 
Army of the United States on duty with the military govern- 
ment. The failure of any person to comply with laws, reg- 
ulations, or orders with respect to sanitation or the public 
44 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 12-14 
health will render him liable to punishment by military 
tribunal. 
■ 13. Prostitution.—Any woman who solicits or has illicit 
sexual intercourse for reward with any member of the armed 
forces of the United States, any woman suffering from a 
venereal disease in an infectious stage who solicits or has 
illicit sexual intercourse with any member of the armed 
forces of the United States, any person who operates a 
house of prostitution at which any member of the armed 
forces of the United States is received, or any person em- 
ployed at or soliciting trade for such a house will be pun- 
ished by a military tribunal. 
■ 14. Taxes, Contributions, Supplies, and Requisitions.—a. 
Taxes.—(l) Collection.—Subject to the exemptions mentioned 
below, national (state) (provincial), and municipal taxes, 
both direct and indirect, will be collected as usual by the 
national (state) (provincial), and municipal officers who 
ordinarily perform that duty. 
(2) Exemptions. 
(a) Property of and transactions vMh the United 
States.—No tax, direct or indirect, will be col- 
lected upon any property of the United States, 
any governmental agency of the United States, 
or any authorized welfare organization, nor will 
any tax be collected upon any purchase from, 
sale to, or any transaction of any kind with the 
United States or such an agency or organization, 
(b) Property of and transactions with personnel of 
the United States armed forces.—No direct tax 
may be laid upon the property or income of any 
member of the United States armed forces, but 
they are liable to sales and other indirect taxes. 
(3) Disposition. 
(a) National taxes.—Except as may be otherwise 
directed by competent military authority, all 
taxes normally paid to or used by the 
national government will 
be paid by civil officers collecting them to the 
officer in charge of the fiscal department of the 
45 App. V 14 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
civil affairs section of the staff of the command- 
ing general of the theater of operations at 
and will be used 
so far as necessary to defray the expenses of 
the military and civil governments of the 
occupied territory. 
(b) (State) (provincial), county, and municipal 
taxes.—Except as may be otherwise directed by 
competent military authority, taxes normally 
paid to or used by (state) (provincial) , county, 
or municipal governments may be paid to and 
used by them for the purposes for which they 
are usually expended; provided, that those pur- 
poses be not hostile to the United States or the 
military government and not inconsistent with a 
state of war. 
(4) Audit.—All transactions of tax collectors and disburs- 
ing officers of the govern- 
ment (states) (provinces), counties, or municipalities, in 
addition to any other proper inspection and audit, are sub- 
ject to inspection and audit by officers of the military govern- 
ment. 
(5) Liability.—All tax collectors, disbursing officers, and 
others handling public funds are liable to punishment by 
military tribunal for larceny, embezzlement, wrongful appli- 
cation, or negligent loss thereof, intentional or negligent fail- 
ure to collect taxes due, or for other official misconduct or 
failure of duty. 
b. Contributicms.—Contributions will be levied only in case 
of necessity and only upon the written order of the com- 
manding general of the theater of operations. 
c. Supplies.—Supplies, land, and buildings owned by indi- 
viduals and services needed by the United States will normally 
be obtained by agreement between the appropriate officers of 
the United States Army and the owners or persons whose 
services are desired. Payment will be made at once in cash 
or in vouchers payable in cash by a finance officer of the 
Army of the United States. 
d. Requisitions.—(l) Occasion.—Requisitions of supplies, 
land, buildings, or services will be made only if the normal 
46 App. V 14-15 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
method of procurement mentioned in c above fails to produce 
what is needed by the American forces promptly, in sufficient 
quantity, and at a fair price. 
(2) By whom made.—Requisitions will be made upon the 
authority of the commanding officer of the troops in the 
locality only. 
(3) To whom directed,—Requisitions will be made upon 
the mayor or other appropriate civil authority if practicable, 
but may be made upon individuals in case of necessity. 
(4) What may he requisitioned.—Supplies, vehicles, ani- 
mals, land, buildings, or anything else, or the services of per- 
sons may be requisitioned if needed by the Army of the United 
States. 
(5) Payment.—Payment will be made at once in cash or in 
vouchers payable in cash by a disbursing officer of the Army 
of the United States. Prices will be the fair market value, 
to be fixed by agreement if possible, otherwise by the appro- 
priate military authorities. 
(6) Punishment for noncompliance.—Any person who fails 
to comply with a requisition or who conceals or disposes of 
articles in order to avoid compliance will be punished by a 
military tribunal. 
S 15. Billeting.—a. Occasion.—Quarters for officers and 
men and shelter for animals needed by the Army of the 
United States will, when practicable, be obtained in public 
buildings or in private buildings or houses by agreement with 
the owners or occupants. Only when adequate and con- 
venient accommodations cannot be thus obtained promptly 
at a fair price will resort be had to billeting. 
b. By whom demanded.—Demand will be made for billets 
upon the authority of the commanding officer of the troops 
in the locality only. 
c. To whom demand addressed.—Demand for billets will 
be made upon the mayor or other appropriate civil au- 
thority if practicable, but may be made upon owners or 
tenants of the property needed in case of necessity. 
d. What may be demanded.—Rooms for officers, enlisted 
men, and other personnel, with suitable furniture, beds, bed- 
ding, heat, and the use of bathing and toilet accommodations, 
47 App. V 15-16 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
and water may be demanded. Stabling, bedding, and water 
for animals may also be demanded. 
e. Payment.—Payment will be made promptly in cash or 
in vouchers payable in cash by a disbursing officer of the 
Army of the United States. If practical, payment will be 
made through the mayor or other appropriate local au- 
thority. Prices will be the fair market value of the ac- 
commodations furnished, to be fixed by agreement if possible, 
otherwise by the appropriate military authorities. 
f. Punishment for noncompliance.—Any person v/ho fails 
to comply with a demand for billets will be punished by a 
military tribunal. 
■ 16. Various Offenses.—lt is forbidden and will subject the 
offender to punishment by military tribunal to— 
a. Assault, strike, rob, or kill any member of the armed 
forces of the United States. 
b. Commit rape upon any nurse or other woman serving 
in or accompanying the armed forces of the United States. 
c. Steal, embezzle, sell, purchase, receive in pawn, wrong- 
fully have in possession, damage, or destroy any property of 
the United States or of any person belonging to the armed 
forces of the United States. 
d. Disobey or fail to obey a proclamation, ordinance, or 
order of the commanding general of the theater of opera- 
tions, or of any of his subordinates, or of any military 
tribunal. 
e. Make a false statement under oath to any military 
tribunal; or a false or fraudulent statement, whether under 
oath or not, to any member of the United States armed 
forces on any matter of official business or concern; to 
make a false, fraudulent, or exaggerated claim against the 
United States; or to forge or alter any identity card, pass, 
permit, receipt, certificate, voucher, check, or other like 
paper issued by or addressed to the American military au- 
thorities, or with which they have any official concern. 
/. Damage railroads, roads, canals, rivers, or other high- 
ways, or to interfere with their operation or with travel or 
commerce upon them, or to steal, embezzle, or wrongfully 
have in one’s possession property belonging or pertaining to 
them; to damage or interfere with the operation of water- 
48 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 16-17 
works or supply, electric light and power plants or trans- 
mission lines, gas works, or the like, or to steal, embezzle, 
or wrongfully have in one’s possession property belonging 
or pertaining to them. 
g. Escape from confinement imposed by the armed forces 
of the United States or the military government. 
h. Act as a spy; to violate any of the laws of war; to do 
any act hostile to the United States or in aid of the armed 
forces of ; to aid a prisoner 
of war or of the military government or the armed forces 
of the United States to escape or to assist or conceal him 
after escaping; to assist or advise any member of the United 
States armed forces to desert, mutiny, surrender, serve as 
a spy, do anything contrary to his duty, or fail to perform 
his duty: or to offer or give a bribe to any such member. 
i. Attempt to do any of the things above enumerated, or 
to advise, assist, or procure anyone else to do or attempt to 
do any of them. 
■ 17. Military Tribunals.—a. Kinds.—There will be three 
kinds of military tribunals— 
(l) Military commissions, consisting of not less than five 
officers. 
(2) Superior provost courts, consisting of one officer. 
(3) Inferior provost courts consisting of one officer. 
b. Jurisdiction.—(l) Over persons.—The military tribunals 
herein enumerated shall have jurisdiction over all persons 
within the occupied territories except those having diplo- 
matic immunity and those subject to the military or naval 
law of the United States or of countries allied or associated 
with the United States. Persons in the armed forces of the 
United States charged with offenses will be tried by court 
martial. 
(2) Over offenses.—The military tribunals herein enu- 
merated have jurisdiction over all acts or omissions made 
crimes or offenses by the laws or regulations of 
palities, over offenses against the laws of war, and over 
violations of the proclamations, ordinances, regulations, or 
orders promulgated by the commanding general of the theater 
of operations or by any of his subordinates. However, per- App. V 17 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
sons charged with offenses against the laws of 
ties, not involving the United States, its property, rights, or 
interests, or the person, property, or rights of a member of 
the occupying forces will ordinarily be tried by the 
courts, but particular cases or classes 
of cases may be withdrawn from those courts and referred to 
military tribunals or dropped. 
c. Bail.—Persons charged with minor offenses may be ad- 
mitted to bail while awaiting trial or released without bail 
but with a summons to appear for trial. 
d. Procedure.—(1) Rights of defendants.—Every defend- 
ant before a military tribunal is entitled to— 
(a) Have in advance of trial a copy of the charges 
upon which he is to be tried, if he so desires. 
(t>) Consult a lawyer before trial and to have such 
lawyer defend him at the trial, at the defend- 
ant’s own expense. In addition, one or more 
officers of the Army of the United States will 
be detailed as counsel for each defendant before 
a military commission, and will if desired by the 
defendant undertake his defense in collabora- 
tion with his civilian lawyer, if any. 
(c) Apply to the court for further time to prepare 
his defense, if necessary, but the action to be 
taken upon such request is a matter for the 
decision of the court. 
(d) Bring with him such witnesses as may be neces- 
sary, or to have them summoned at his request 
by the American military authorities. 
(e) Testify in his own behalf at his trial, but he is not 
required to do so, and his failure to testify will 
not create any presumption of guilt against him. 
(/) Have the proceedings at the trial translated for 
his benefit if he is unable to understand them 
otherwise. 
(2) Previous convictions.—A military tribunal may con- 
sider, after a finding of guilty and before imposition of 
sentence, evidence of previous convictions and sentences by 
either military tribunals or civil courts; provided, that evi- 
50 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 17 
dence of conviction of an offense legally punishable by im- 
prisonment for more than one year (whether in fact so 
punished or not) shall be admissible without regard to the 
date of commission of such offense, but evidence of convic- 
tion of an offense not so punishable shall be admitted only 
if the offense was committed within one year next preceding 
the commission of any offense of which the defendant shall 
have been convicted at the trial then in progress. 
e. Sentences. 
(1) (a) Military commissions.—A military commission 
may impose any lawful and appropriate sen- 
tence, including death or life imprisonment. 
(b) Superior provost courts.—The maximum sentence 
which a superior provost court may impose is 
confinement at hard labor for 6 months and a 
fine of $l,OOO, or both. 
(c) Inferior provost courts.—The maximum sentence 
which an inferior provost court may impose is 
confinement at hard labor for 1 month and 
a fine of $lOO, or both. 
Note.—The maximum fines mentioned above should be stated 
in round numbers in the money current in the occupied territory. 
(2) (a) Expulsion.—A military commission or superior pro- 
vost court, in lieu of or in addition to any other 
lawful punishment, may sentence a defendant 
to expulsion from occupied territory. 
(b) Confiscation.—If a defendant shall be convicted 
of wrongful sale, purchase, use, or possession of 
any article or articles, or of the wrongful opera- 
tion of a place of business for the sale of such 
articles, a military tribunal, in lieu of or in 
addition to any other lawful punishment, may 
decree the forfeiture to the United States of 
such article or articles, or the stock thereof 
in his possession or place of business. 
Cc) Padlocking.—lf a defendant shall be twice con- 
victed of the wrongful sale or gift of intoxicat- 
ing liquor or a habit-forming drug (including 
marijuana) at a certain place, or twice con- 
victed of other violations of regulations or 
51 App. V 17 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
orders with respect to the sale of intoxicating 
liquors at one place, or once convicted of the 
wrongful operation of a house of prostitution, 
a military tribunal, in addition to any other 
lawful punishment, may order that such place 
be vacated and closed for a fixed time. 
(3) Table of maximum vanishments.—The punishment 
stated opposite each offense listed in the table below is hereby 
prescribed as the maximum limit of punishment for that 
offense, for any included offense if not so listed, and for any 
offense closely related to either, if not so listed. Offenses not 
mentioned will be subject to the same maximum punishment 
as the offense most nearly similar in this table, or, if there is 
none such, according to the laws and customs of war and 
the judgment of the military tribunal. For any offense oppo- 
site which the word “death” appears, the tribunal may impose 
a sentence of death, imprisonment for life, or for any definite 
term, or any other appropriate sentence. In cases where it 
considers that course proper, a military tribunal may substi- 
tute a fine for all or a part of the confinement authorized, at 
the rate of $3O fine for each month of confinement, and, for 
periods less than a month, at the rate of $1 fine for each 
day of confinement. It may also impose sentence in the 
alternative on the same basis. A defendant upon whom a 
fine has been imposed and who cannot or will not pay it may 
serve in lieu thereof a period of confinement computed upon 
the same basis. 
Note.—All amounts here stated in dollars should be stated in 
round numbers in the money current in the occupied territory. 
Paragraph of 
Offense 
Confinement 
ordinances 
Years 
Months 
Days 
la (1) 
la (2) 
Failure to possess identity card - _ - 
3 
Issue of false identity card 
3 
la (2) 
Issue, through negligence, of incorrect iden- 
tity card ___ 
6 
la (3) 
Failure to report change of name, marital 
condition, occupation, or residence . 
1 
16 
Failure to post correct list of occupants 
2 
2 
Travel without pass 
3 
52 App. Vl7 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Paragraph of 
these 
ordinances 
Offense 
Confinement 
Years 
Months 
Days 
26 
Sale of ticket to or transportation of pas- 
senger without proper pass 
6 
3d (1) 
Organizing, promoting, presiding or acting 
as secretary or other officer at an unauth- 
orized meeting or parade 
1 
3d (1) 
Attendance at an unauthorized meeting or 
parade . _. 
6 
3d (5) 
Permitting deviation from the authorized 
program 
6 
3e 
Uttering speech or words, making gestures, 
singing songs, playing music, acting in a 
play, or exhibiting a picture, banner, or 
placard hostile to the United States, its 
armed forces, or any member thereof, or 
the military government 
5 
3e 
Same acts expressing disrespect to the 
United States, its armed forces or any 
member thereof, or the military govern- 
6 
4a 
Display of the flag, or colors, or 
3 
46 
Failure of member of the armed 
forces to wear his uniform 
1 
46 
Wearing of such uniform by an unauthor- 
3 
5a (1) 
To send, transmit, or knowingly to receive 
any communication giving any informa- 
tion concerning the American forces or 
hostile to the United States, its armed 
forces, their personnel, or the military 
Death 
5a (1) 
Failure to report receipt of such a communi- 
5 
oa (1) 
To send, transmit, or knowingly to receive 
any other communication detrimental to 
the United States, its armed forces, their 
personnel, or the military government 
Failure to report receipt of such a com- 
1 
5a (1) 
3 
5a (1) 
To send, transmit, or knowingly to receive 
any communication disrespectful to the 
United States, its armed forces, their per- 
6 
5a (1) 
Failure to report receipt of such a message^ 
1 
53 App. V 17 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Paragraph of 
these 
ordinances 
Offense 
Confinement 
Years 
Months 
Days 
5o (1) 
Communication with the govern- 
ment, its armed forces, or the territory 
Death 
So (3) 
5a (3) 
Use of foreign language in a communication 
Use in a communication of a code or other 
device concealing the meaning . 
15 
3 
5a (4) 
Interference with communication by mail, 
telegraph, telephone, or radio; destruc- 
tion, larceny, or embezzlement of the 
mail; destruction of telegraph, telephone, 
or radio apparatus; or cutting wires or 
Death 
6o (4) 
56 (1) 
0 ther offenses under this subparagraph . - _ 
10 
Failure to place name and address of sender 
15 
56 (2) 
Sending, carrying, or receiving letters out 
6 
5c (1) 
Transmission by telegraph operator of un- 
6 
5c and d 
Sending unauthorized telegraph or tele- 
1 
5c (2) 
5 d 
Possession or use of private telegraph . 
1 
Possession of forbidden private telephone 
1 
bd 
To send or knowingly to receive a forbidden 
6 
5 d 
Making unauthorized telephone connection 
by operator, or permitting unauthorized 
1 
be 
Possession or use of unauthorized radio 
station or apparatus .. 
5 
6/(1) 
6/ (2) and (3) 
Use of pigeon for carrying messages 
1 
Failure to report carrier pigeons or to keep 
their cotes open__. 
6 
6 
Publication, importation, circulation, or 
possession of printed, typed, or wuitten 
matter in the interest of the national gov- 
eminent of , or its armed forces, 
or in aid or behalf of them or hostile to 
the United States 
Death 
6 
Publication, importation, circulation, or 
possession of printed, typed, or written 
matter detrimental or disrespectful to the 
United States, its armed forces, or their 
54 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 17 
Paragraph of 
these 
ordinances 
Offense 
Confinement 
Years 
Months 
Days 
personnel, or tending to promote dissatis- 
faction or bad feeling with them, or which 
has not been submitted as required 
3 
7 a 
Taking photographs outdoors without per- 
mit 
1 
76 
Knowingly to develop or print a photograph 
taken out of doors _. 
1 
7b 
Failure of person to report the developing of 
1 
8b and c 
Commerce, direct or indirect, with the unoc- 
cupied part of 
5 
9a 
Failure to mark or post prices 
2 
96 
Charging or collecting prices other than 
those marked, or discriminating against 
the United States, its armed forces, or 
their personnel 
6 
10a(l)(d) 
and 106(1) 
(6) 
10a(l)(rf) 
and 106(1) 
(6) 
10a (2) 
[•Manufacture of arms, ammunition, or ex- 
J plosives without permit 
10 
[Sale of arms, ammunition, or explosives 
J without permit . .. ... 
5 
Failure to register description and number 
of arms or ammunition lawfully possessed __ 
1 
10a (3) and 
106(2) 
11a and c 
[Wrongful possession of arms, ammunition, 
5 
Wrongful manufacture, sale, or gift of habit- 
forming drug (including marijuana) 
5 
11a 
Wrongful sale or gift of alcoholic liquors 
(other than light wine or beer) . _ 
6 
116 
Sale or gift of light wine or beer at an unper- 
1 
11c 
Wrongful manufacture or sale at wholesale 
of alcoholic liquor (other than light wine 
2 
12 
Violation of laws, regulations, or orders with 
respect to sanitation and public health 
Illicit sexual intercourse for reward with any 
member of the armed forces of the United 
2 
13 
4 
13 
Illicit sexual intercourse with any member of 
the United States armed forces by a 
woman suffering from a venereal disease 
in an infectious stage, or solicitation of 
such intercourse by a woman so infected-- 
6 
55 App. V 17 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Paragraph 
of these 
ordinances 
Confinement 
Years 
Months 
Days 
13 
Operating a house of prostitution at which 
any member of the armed forces of the 
United States is received . 
2 
13 
Employment at or soliciting trade for such a 
4 
14a (2) 
Wrongful collection of a tax upon property 
of the United States, any agency of it, 
any welfare organization; or upon any 
purchase from, sale to, or transaction 
with the United States or such agency or 
organization; or upon the property or in- 
come of any member of the armed forces of 
1 
14a (5) 
; 
Larceny, embezzlement, wrongful applica- 
tion, or negligent loss of public funds— 
6 
1 
Of a value of $50 or less and more than 
$20 
1 
Of a value more than $50 
5 
14o (5) 
Failure or refusal to collect taxes, or other 
official misconduct or failure of duty with 
5 
146 
Failure or refusal to collect contributions or 
other misconduct or failure of duty with 
5 
14d (6) 
Failure or refusal to comply with a requisi- 
tion, concealment, or disposition of 
5 
15/ 
Failure or refusal to comply with a demand 
2 
16a 
Killing any member of the armed forces of 
the United States with malice afore- 
Death 
16a 
Wrongful killing of any member of the armed 
forces of the United States under other eir- 
10 
16a 
Wrongful stealing of property from the per- 
son of a member of the armed forces of the 
United States by violence or by intimida- 
10 
16a 
Assault upon any member of the armed 
forces of the United States with malice 
20 
16a 
Assault upon any nurse or other woman 
serving in or accompanying the armed 
56 MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
App. V 17 
Paragraph 
of these 
ordinances 
Offense 
Confinement 
Years 
Months 
Days 
forces of the United States with intent to 
rape 
20 
16a 
Assault upon any member of the armed 
forces of the United States with intent to 
commit any other serious offense. _ 
10 
16a 
Assault upon any member of the armed 
forces of the United States with intent to 
do bodily harm with a dangerous weapon, 
instrument, or thing 
5 
16a 
Assault upon any member of the armed 
forces of the United States with intent to 
1 
16a 
Striking any member of the armed forces of 
the United States-.- 
6 
16a 
Any hostile or threatening act or gesture 
toward any member of the armed forces of 
3 
166 
Rape upon any nurse or other woman serv- 
ing in or accompanying the armed forces 
Death 
16c 
Stealing, embezzlement, sale, purchase, re- 
ceipt in pawn, or wrongful possession of, 
or damage to, or destruction of property 
of the United States or of any person be- 
longing to the armed forces of the United 
States— 
1 
Of a value of $50 or less, and more than 
$20 
2 
Death 
16 d 
Disobedience of or failure to obey a procla- 
mation, ordinance, or order of the com- 
manding general, or of any of his subordi- 
nates, or of any military tribunal, not 
6 
16 e 
False statement under oath before a mili- 
tary tribunal concerning a material mat- 
5 
16e 
Any other false or fraudulent statement to 
any member of the United States armed 
forces on any matter of official business or 
3 
16e 
Submission of a false, fraudulent, or exag- 
gerated claim against the United States; 
forgery or alteration of any receipt, 
57 Paragraph 
of these 
ordinances 
Offense 
Confinement 
Years 
Months 
Days 
voucher, check, or other like paper issued 
by or addressed to the American military 
authorities, or with which they have any 
official concern— 
When the amount involved is $20 or less 
6 
When the amount involved is $50 or less, 
and more than $20 
1 
When the amount involved is more than 
$20 
6 
16e 
Forgery or alteration of an identity card, 
permit, pass, or other similar paper issued 
by or addressed to the American military 
authorities, cr with which they have any 
official concern . _ _ . 
2 
16/ 
Damage to railroads, roads, canals, rivers, 
or other highways, or interference with 
their operation or with travel or commerce 
upon them; damage to or interference with 
the operation of waterworks or supply, 
electric light or transmission lines, gas 
works, or the like.. _. . 
16/ 
Stealing, embezzlement, or wrongful pos- 
session of property belonging or pertaining 
to the foregoing— 
Of a value of $20 or less _ . . 
6 
Of a value of $50 or less, and more than 
$20 
1 
Of a value more than $50 . _ . 
5 
16# 
Escape from confinement imposed by the 
armed forces of the United States or the 
military government ....... 
1 
16ft 
To act as a spy; to violate any of the laws of 
war; to do any act hostile to the United 
States or in aid of the armed forces of 
.. ;to aid a prisoner 
of war or of the military government or 
the armed forces of the United States to 
escape or to assist or conceal him after 
escaping; to assist or advise any member 
of the United States armed forces to de- 
sert, mutiny, surrender, or to serve as a 
spy .. . 
Death 
16ft 
Assisting or advising any member of the 
United States armed forces to do any 
other act contrary to his duty or to fail to 
App. V 17 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
58 App. V 17-18 
MILITARY GOVERNMENT 
Paragraph 
of these 
ordinances 
Offense 
Confinement 
Years 
Months 
Days 
perform his duty, or offering or giving him 
a bribe 
ICi 
Attempt to do any of the things above enu- 
merated; or advising, assisting, or procur- 
ing another to attempt to do so. 
One-half the penalty 
for the principal of- 
fense; and if that is 
death, 20 years. 
16i 
Advising, assisting, or procuring the com- 
mission of any of the above offenses. 
Same as principal 
offense. 
/. Approval, confirmation, and review.—No sentence of a 
military commission shall be carried into effect until it shall 
have been approved by the officer appointing the commission 
or his successor. No sentence of death shall be carried into 
execution until it shall have been confirmed by the Com- 
manding General of the Theater of Operations. The sen- 
tence of a provost court shall be executed forthwith without 
awaiting action by higher authority, but all records of trial 
by military tribunals will be examined at the headquarters 
of the officer who appointed the tribunal and at the head- 
quarters of the theater of operations with a view to the 
correction of any irregularity or injustice. 
B 18. Claims, Petitions, and Complaints.—Claims, petitions, 
and complaints must be in writing addressed to the officer 
in charge of civil affairs of the city or county in which the 
maker thereof lives and must be presented through the 
mayor of his city or commune. A claim, petition, or com- 
plaint may be presented by an attorney, but joint petitions 
or complaints will not be permitted. Pecuniary claims and 
complaints based on a particular incident must be in the 
mayor’s hands within one week from the time that the claim 
accrued or the incident occurred. The mayor will carefully 
investigate all claims, petitions, and complaints: and will 
return those which are exaggerated, frivolous, fraudulent, 
or false to their makers. He will forward others with a 
written report and recommendation to the officer in charge 
of civil affairs of the city or county. 
59 Paragraphs Pages 
Ammunition - 10 (App. V) 42 
Arms... - 10 (App. V) 42 
Authority vested in commanding general, theater of opera- 
tions-.. 5 1 
Bail.... - - — 26 14 
Billeting - 15 (App. V) 47 
Cable Sc (App. V) 38 
Censorship 5a (2) (App. V) 38 
Charges.. - 29 17 
Chargesheet — (App. Ill) 29 
Circulation without pass (2 App. V) 34 
Cities.. 10 12 
Civil affairs section: 
Departments: 
Communication. 13 7 
Economics 13 7 
Education 13 7 
Fiscal 13 7 
Legal. 13 7 
Public health 13 7 
Public safety 13 7 
Public welfare 13 7 
Public works and utilities 13 7 
Establishment 11 6 
Organization. 13 
Civil cases. - 32 18 
Commerce: 
Within occupied territory.. (8 App. V) 41 
Wilh United States and with neutral countries (8 App. V) 41 
With unoccupied territory (8 App. V) 41 
Communication: 
Cable 5 (App. V) 37 
Censorship 5 (App. V) 37 
Codes 5 (App. V) 37 
Forbidden. 5 (App. V) 37 
Languages 5 (App. V) 37 
Mail 5 (App. V) 37 
Pigeons - 5 (App. V) 37 
Radio 5 (App. V) 37 
Telegraph 5 (App. V) 37 
Telephone - 5 (App. V) 37 
Communication department, civil affairs section 13 7 
Complaints - 18 (App. V) 59 
Confinement, place, and manner 28 15 
INDEX 
60 INDEX 
Paragraphs Pages 
Contents of ordinances... 39 22 
Contributions 14 (App. V) 45 
Convictions, previous 27 14 
Counsel for defendant 27 14 
Counties 19 12 
Definition of military government 3 1 
Economics department, civil affairs section 13 7 
Education department, civil affairs section 13 7 
Explosives. 10 (App. V) 42 
Fines, disposition 30 17 
Fiscal department, civil affairs section 13 7 
Form, ordinances, flag 4 (App. V) 37 
Identity cards 1 (App. V) 33 
Intoxicating liquors.. 11 (App. V) 44 
Issuance time, ordinances. 37 21 
Laws, customs, and institutions—Avoidance of changes in 
existing.. 10 4 
Legal department, civil affairs section. 13 7 
Mail 5 (App. V) 37 
Manufactures 8 (App. V) 41 
Meetings. 3 (App. V) 35 
Military commissions: 
Appointed by whom. 24 13 
Composition 23 13 
Procedure 27 14 
Records 29 17 
Sentences imposed.. 28,31 15,17 
Military districts. 17 10 
Military tribunals: 
Appointed by whom. 24 13 
8ai1... ...26 and (17 App. V) 14,49 
Composition. 23 13 
Establishment.. 21 12 
Jurisdiction. 25 and (17 App. V) 13,49 
Kinds .22 and (17 App. V) 12,49 
Procedure: 
Previous convictions. 27 and 17 (App. V) 14,49 
Rights of defendants 27 and 17 (App. V) 14,49 
Narcotics.. 11 (App. V) 44 
National anthem. 4 (App. V) 37 
Newspapers, magazines, and books: 
Circulation 6 (App. V) 39 
Forbidden matter, publication, and importation 6 (App. V) 39 
Submission before and after publication or importation. 6 (App. V) 39 
Occupants, lists of 1 (App. V) 33 
Officer in charge of civil affairs, position, qualifications, and 
rank, duties 12 1 
Ordinances.. - - (App. V) 33 
Parades 3 (App. V) 35 
61 INDEX 
Paragraphs Pages 
Passes 2 (App. V) 34 
Permits for meetings, parades, etc 3 (App. V) 35 
Personnel: 
Procurement 7 2 
Retention of existing civil 10 4 
Separate for military government 10 4 
Phases of military government 33 19 
Photographs: 
Developing and printing 7 (App. V) 41 
Taking 7 (App. V) 41 
Pigeons 5 (App. V) 37 
Planning.. 6 2 
Policies; 
Basic: 
Economy of effort 9 3 
Flexibility 9 3 
Military necessity 9 3 
Permanence.. 9 3 
Welfare of the governed 9 3 
Secondary; 
Avoidance of changes in existing laws, customs, and 
institutions 10 4 
Retention of existing civil personnel- 10 4 
Retention of existing political divisions 10 4 
Separate personnel for military government.. 10 4 
Supremacy of the commanding general 10 4 
Political divisions, retention of existing 10 4 
Prices: 
Discrimination forbidden 9 (App. V) 41 
Marking or posting 9 (App. V) 41 
Proclamation: 
Contents 36 21 
Form 35 and (App. IV) 21, 31 
Time of issuance. 34 20 
Prostitution. 13 (App. V) 45 
Provinces 16 TO 
Provost courts: 
Inferior: 
Appointed by whom. 24 13 
Composition. 23 13 
Procedure 27 14 
Records 29 17 
Sentences imposed 28,31 15,17 
Superior: 
Appointed by whom 24 13 
C omposition 23 13 
Procedure 27 14 
Records 29 17 
Sentences imposed. 28,31 15,17 
62 INDEX 
Paragraphs Pages 
Public health department, civil affairs section 13 7 
Public safety department, civil affairs section 13 7 
Public welfare department, civil affairs section.. 13 7 
Public works and utilities department, civil affairs section.. 13 7 
Punishments, table of maximum 28 and 17 (App. V) 15,49 
Radio 5 (App. V) 37 
Records 29 17 
Requsitions 14 (App. V) 45 
Sanitation and public health 12 (App. V) 44 
Sentences: 
Approval.. - 31 17 
Confirmation 31 17 
Confiscation... ! 28 15 
Expulsion. 28 15 
Imposed. 17 (App. V) 49 
Padlocking 28 15 
Review 31 17 
Table of maximum 28 16 
Songs... 3 (App. V) 35 
Speeches 3 (App. V) 35 
States - 16 10 
Summons to defendant.. (App. I) 24 
Subpoena for civilian witness before military tribunal (App. II) 27 
Supremacy of the commanding general 10 4 
Supplies 14 (App. V) 45 
Taxes: 
Audit 14 (App. V) 45 
Collection... 14 (App. V) 45 
Disposition - 14 (App. V) 45 
Exemptions 14 (App. V) 45 
Telegraph 5 (App. V) 37 
Telephone 5 (App. V) 37 
Training.. 8 2 
Translation of proceedings. 27 14 
Tribunals. See military tribunals. 
Uniform worn by personnel: 
Of enemy forces 4 (App. V) 37 
On civil affairs duty 14 9 
Units, tactical, as organs of military government 18 11 
Welfare of the governed 9 3 
Witnesses; 
Civilian 27 14 
Military 27 14 
63